|
1 |
1 |
<J^0<>, |
MPENTER
/ FOUNDED 1881
Official Publication of the Unifed Brofherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America
mmmumtdiAmm^Smti
fef FRED LUDWIG teii
you
hQW UPSON KUVER'KRAK PANELS solved the tratked telling problem In his own home
FRED H. LUDWIG, President Merritt Lumber Yards, Inc., Reading, Pa., former president National Retail Lumber Dealers Association, nationally known merchan- diser of quality building materials, writes: "The reason that I used Upson Kuver- Krak Panels in the living room and library of my own residence was brought about by the great difficulty I had with the plaster cracking.
"Having the faith in Upson Panels, developed through the many years that we've handled your products, prompted me to use it and once and for aH, get rid of further failures.
"I am glad to report to you that these panels have been very satisfactory and have done everything that we expected them to do."
Above: Mr. Ludwig's living room with an Upaon-panelled ceiling. Right: One of the showplaces of eastern Pennsyl- vania, the residence of Mr. Ludwig at Wyomisaing.
Like Fred Ludwig, thou- sands of lumber dealers and thousands of carpen- ters will tell you there's nothing like Upson Panels for re-covering cracked ceilings.
ntail ihis
THE UPSON COMPANY
5312 Upson Point, Loelcporl, N.Y.
I am interested in knowing more about Upson Strong-Bilt Panels □ Kuver-Krak Panels D- Send me a free copy of your booklet — "New Interiors For Old."
covpon todayi
^:
|
KIAMF |
|||
|
TYPF OF BtlSINFRS |
|||
|
.<;trfft |
|||
|
CITY |
STATE |
Do off tdeiejokittite^
with this Cummins
POWER TOOL COMBINATION
If you were to buy oil the power tools, with independent motor drives, that you'd need to do all the jobs illustrated here, it would cost you in excess of $350.00. For only $176.00 you can buy this new and amazing Cummins Combination of power tools, consisting of Cummins Model 600 Portable Saw the power unit, Cummins Model 630 4" Belt Sander and Cummiris Model 640 Planer. In your shop or. on the job site these tools will save you money . . , they will do all these jobs faster, better, easier. Write today for complete details. You will be gidd you did.
SAWING
DOOR PLANING
BEVEL PLANING
SURFACE PLANING
Bwy T/i/s GTea\ Deal Today for Only $176.00. See Your Hardware, Woodworking or
Industrial Supply Jobber.
IL THIS COUPON TODAY!
MAI
Model
640
Planer
$6400
CUMMINS MODEL 600 SAW THE POWER UNIT
Cuts \V»' deep in wood. Base adjusts for depth and bevel cuts. At 45° cuts through lumber 1 %" thick. Compact and light. Weighs only 1 1 lbs. Has conven- tional equipment with 6" combination saw blade.
Name „„
CUMMINS MODEL 630 SANDING UNIT
Mounts to Cummins Model 600.-Saw as shown. Standard 4' x 27" belts insure fast, efficient sanding. Quick, easy ad- iustment for removing and replacing belts and for centering belts on pulleys. With saw mounted, unit weighs 1 8 lbs.
Address
Occupation , City.
CUMMINS MODEL 640 PLANER UNIT
Mounts to Cummins Model 600 Saw as shown. Removes up to Yie" of stock in one cut. Adjustable for depth of cut. Equipped with bevel attochment. Cutter- head is 4" wide with removable blades. With sow mounted, unit weighs 20 lbs.
Zone State.
CUMMINS PORTABLE TOOLS
DIVISION OF CUMMINS BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
4740 NORTH RAVENSWOOD AVENUE • CHICAGO 40, ILLINOIS
Over 60 Years of Precision Manufacture
TnC^M^NTEE
Trade Mark Reg. March, 1913
A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.
PET£R E. TERZICK, Editor Carpenters' Building, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis 4, Indiana
Established in 1881 Vol. LXX— No. 1
INDIANAPOLIS, JANUARY, 1950
One Dollar Per Year Ten Cents a Copy
— Content s —
We Are Growing Stronger
Much of the economic strength of the United States stems from the fact that more and more of our people are entering the working force. Whereas only 35 per cent of our people held down jobs in 1890, nearly 42 per cent of all the people are now gain- fully employed. Naturally, the more people there are at work, the more goods the nation can turn out.
The Problem Of Old-Age Security
A famous economist— never noted for his liberal views— takes a look at the problem of providing security for our old people and comes to the conclusion that an adequate Social Security program is the best answer. A really thorough analysis of the whole old-age security question.
Twin Cities Lay Corner Stone
18
The General Officers, present in St. Paul to attend the recent convention of the Ameri- can Federation of Labor, help the Twin Cities District Council lay the corner stone of their new building; thus bringing to reality a thirty year old dream.
21
The year 1949 saw many weird accidents take place — many of them so unusual as to be funny— to everyone, that is, except the victims. The moral Is that on or off the job no man or woman can be too careful.
Moral: Safety Pays
OTHER DEPARTMENTS
Plane Gossip The Locker Official Editorials - In Memoriam Correspondence To the Ladies Craft Problems
16
20 23 24 29 31 38 40
Index to Advertisers -
47
Entered July 22, 1915, at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., as second class mail matter, under Act of
Congress, Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for
in Section 1103, act of October 3. 1917, authorized on July 8, 1918.
CARPENTERS
BUILDERS and APPRENTICES
Get the practical training you need
jmmsm^^fimfor PROMOTION,
INCREASED INCOME
Prepare now for more pay, greater success. Hundreds have quickly advanced to foreman, superintendent, inspector, estimator, contrac- tor, witli this Chicago Tech training in Build- ing. Your practical experience aids your suc- cess.
I. earn how to lay out and run building jobs, read blue prints, estimate building costs, superintend con- struction. Practical training with complete blue print plans and specifications — same as used by superin- tendents and contractors. Over 45 years of experi- ence in training practical builders.
FREE
Blue Prints and Trial Lesson
THOROUGH TRAINING IN BUILDING
Learn at Home in Your Spare Time
The successful builder will tell you that the way to the top-pay jobs and success in Building is to get thorough knowledge of blue prints, building con- struction and estimating.
In this Chicago Tech Course, you learn to read blue prints — the universal language of the builder — and understand specifications — for all types of buildings.
You learn building construction details : foundations, walls, roofs, windows and doors, arches, stairs, etc.
You learn how to lay out work and direct building jobs from start to finish. Tou learn to estimate building costs quick- ly and accurately. Find out how you can prepare at home for the higher-paid jobs in Building, or your own success- ful contracting business. Get the facts about this income-boosting Chicago Tech training now.
Send today for Trial Lesson: "How to Read Blue Prints," and set of Blue Print Plans — sent to you Free. See for yourself how this Chicago Tech course prepares you to earn more money, gives you the thorough knowl- edge of Building required for the higher-up jobs and higher pay. Don't delay. Mail the coupon today in an envelope or use penny postcard.
MAIL COUPON NOW
n
Chicago Technical Collesre
A-122 Tech Bldg., 2000 So. Michigan Ave.
Chicago 16, III.
Mail me Free Blue Print Plans and Booklet : "How to Read Blue Prints" with information about how I can train at home.
Name Age ....
Address
I Occupation
City Zone.
State
CHICAGO TECHNICAL COLLEGE
TECH BLDG., 2000 SOUTH MICHIGAN AVE., CHICAGO 16, ILL.
Carpenters— Here are low-cost ALL-METAL fronts for wood cabinets
/.
Olympia Fronteer Cabinet Fronts are factory-made, heavy gauge metal frames, doors and drawers fully assembled and finished in gleaming white baked enamel. With them any carpenter can build cabinets that combine the luxury and strength of metal -with the flexibihty of wood. All he need do is erect a set of shelves and attach the fronts \'.'ith wood screws. Shelves can be any dspth from narrow strips between studding to deep storage shelves under attic eaves. The base cabinet fronts have metal drawers with ball-bearing rollers running on steel roller tracks for easy operation and long wear. Equipped with semi-concealed chrom- ium hinges. Wonderful for inside v,-inter jobs.
THEY FIT ANYWHERE! k
SEND FOR OUR CATALOG
FINEST QUALITY... UNION MADE
fronteer cabinet fronts
WESTERN METALCRAFT, INC.
OLYMPIA, WASH.
Please send descriptive Uterature giving sizes, styles and prices of Olympia Cabinet Fronts — no obligation.
2same
Address . Cit\
, State .
$T£AdyyEAR 'ROUNP WORK- SANP NEW AND OtP FLOORS
Look into the money-making possibilities of start- ing a floor sanding business — if you want steady and pleasant indoor work — a good substantial in- come with earnings of $25 and more a day — an opportunity to operate as a sub-contractor in new construction and as a separate business man when you sand older homes.
No experience or special schooling needed — Sanders are easy to operate — you can start sanding floors and make money the first day your machines arrive. Prospects everywhere — new and old homes. No large investment — the overhead is low and you need no elaborate oflices, workshop, storeroom or trucking equipment. Many men operate from their own home and use a regular passenger car to transport their equipment from job to job.
Thousands of men have been successful in the floor surfacing business. You let the machine do the work. It's pleasant inside work and usually the buildings have some heat. No ladders or scaffolding to climb. A business that can bring you a lot of satisfaction and steady money! Send today for "money-making" booklet entitled "Opportunities in Floor Surfacing" — use coupon and enclose 2 5c in coin or stamps to cover handling. The American Floor Surfacing Machine Co., Toledo, Ohio.
A Big Operator
Ben W. Kenaey, veteran floorman of Kansas City, Mo,, started years ago in floor sand- ing and has stead- ily expanded this ■-■ business. Today, Ben and Forest C. Kenney op- erate the Acme Floor Co. with a total of 19 American Floor Sanders, Spinner Edgers, and Polishers.
A One-Man Business
£d Clanin lives in a Michigan city of 20,000. He has an American Floor Sander and an American Spinner for the edges, dos- ^ ets and stairs and also an American Maintenance Machine for disc sanding, steel wooling and polishing. He av- erages 75 to 100 floor jobs per year.
MERICAN
L FLOOR MACHINES
Stnd Coupon Today!
The American Floor Surfacing
Machine Co., 520 So. St. Clair St., Toledo, Ohio
• Enclosed find 25c in stamps or coin for booklet "Opportunities in Floor Surfacing", telling me how I can start my own floor sanding bus- iness.
Name. I Street.
City,
.State,
Looking straight down on the back edge you see the perfect taper grind of every Disston Hand Saw. Blade thicker at butt.
Looking straight back at the point edge you see the perfect up- ward taper grind of every Disston Hand Saw. Thicker at the tooth edge.
Looking straight down on the tooth edge you see the gauge of the steel from the butt to the point. All the way, the tooth edge is SAME WIDTH.
.SiD%?l^ TRUE TAPER GRIND
adds speedy ease^^ accu racy
DfSSrON.. .The Saw Most Carpenters Use
is perfectly taper ground, as explained above, to help you do your smoothest, fastest, truest sawing — to help you save time and material. Furthermore, this is the saw made of Disston Steel — Disston-
controlled to give you the flex and balance you want . . . hardened and tempered to make the edge last longer. There are Disston types and sizes for all your work. See Your Hardware Retailer.
HENRY DISSTON & SONS, INC., 104 lacony, Philadelphia 35, Pa.. U.S.A.
/n Canada, wrife: 2-20 Fraser Ave., Toronto 3, Ont.
In spare time
with the
FOLEY LAWN MOWER SHARPENER
"I have sharpened over 10.000 mowers in my Foley Lawn Mower Sharpener in the last 10 years — only repairs needed were new belts"— Charles H. Smith. From Ralph Band— "The first month's business paid for my machine." The Foley Bharpens all sizes and types of mowers in 15 or 20 minutes (with handles on). Prices run from $1.50 to , $2.00 for hand mowers, and $5.00 to $3.00 for power mowers. This is the way to make money 1
Prices $98.50 to $139.50
EASY PAYMENTS — Put a new 1930 mod- el Foley Lawn Mower Sharpener In your shop
that will handle all hand and power mowers.
99c out of each dollar you take in is profit.
FREE PLAN shows how to start — mail cou- pon today!
Send for FREE PLAN
FOLEY MFG. CO., 101-0 Foley BIdg., Minneapolis 18, Minn.
Send FREE PLAN on the Foley Lawn Mower Sharp- ening business.
Name
Address
HANDIEST CARPENTER RULE MADE... LUFKIN TWO WAY-RED END No. 966
* Measures Left to Right— Right to Left
* Patented solid brass lock joints
* Solid brass mountings, strike plates
* Enameled snow white, gloss red ends
* Folding end hook is optional
Write Dept. C for fascinating booklet, "The Amaz» ing Story of Measurement". Enclose 10c (no stamps) for handling and mailing.
^UFKIN
THE LUFKIN RULE CO. • TAPES • RULES • PRECISION TOOLS SAGINAW, MICHIGAN • NEW YORK CITY • BARRIE, ONT.
We Are Growing Stronger
•
ONE OF THE great elements of underlying strength in the American economy has been the fact that over the years the labor force has grown faster than has the population as a whole, according to an analysis of oflBcial Government data.
It is this expansion in the labor force combined with its increased pro- ductivity that have been basic factors in the nation's remarkable progress and in tlie steady rise in American living standards. Output per man hour has been increasing at an average rate of about 2 per cent a year for several generations.
While the labor force will continue
to grow, its size has apparently stab- ilized in relation to the population as a whole. This introduces a new ele- ment in American life of significant economic implications.
The labor force includes all those gainfully employed, whether for them- selves or working for others. It is therefore the productive part of our society, and the source of the where- withal to meet e\'eryday living needs and all the other charges placed on the economy. These charges have been rising rapidly. They already represent a heavy burden now, and their cost will increase greatly in the years to come without a single new addition.
With a stabilized labor force, the full responsibility of meeting our expanding obligations is automatical- ly thrown upon increased productiv- ity. People will have to work harder and more efiiciently. For unless pro- ductivity continues to grow at least as much as it has in the past, the na- tion's future commitments will have to be met at the expense of curtailed individual consumption, which means reduced living standards.
On an overall basis, the labor force rose from a total of 22.2 millions in 1890 to an estimated 62.3 millions this year, a rise of 181 per cent. In this period the total population in- creased from 62.9 millions to 149.2 millions as of July last year, a rise of 137 per cent. Thus the figures show that the labor force increased nearly a third more than did the whole population in the last 60 years.
|
60 Years |
of Growth |
|
The following |
table compares the |
|
trends of the pc |
pulation and labor |
|
forces growtli (in |
milhons) and their |
|
relationships from |
1890 to the pres- |
|
ent: |
|
|
Ratio, Labor |
|
|
Labor Force to |
|
|
Year Population |
Force Population |
|
1890 62.9 |
22.2 35.3% |
|
1900 76.0 |
28.4 37.4 |
|
1920 105.7 |
40.7 38.5 |
|
1930 122.8 |
47.6 38.8 |
|
1940 131.7 |
55.1 41.9 |
|
1949 149.2 |
62.3 41.8 |
|
Source: Bureau of |
Labor Statistics; Bu- |
|
reau of the Census. |
However, if the figures are taken decade by decade since 1890, it is found that the labor force this year showed only the same percentage increase over the 1940 figure as did
THE CARPENTER
the population as a whole. Each showed a rise of 13 per cent, the first time in the last 60 years that the population has matched the la- bor force growth in any decade.
It is true that the recent war did bring an exception, as it brought so many other distortions to the econ- omy in general. Reflecting the na- tion's enormous manpower needs, the labor force broke away from the nor- mal trend and reached a record high above 66 million in 1945. However, much of this reflected the huge size of the armed forces, and most of the rest an abnormally large number of teen agers and elderly men and wo- men over 65 who entered the labor force. In the last four years, though, the size of the labor force has shrunk about 4 million to a level somewhat above 62 million, or more in line with normal trends.
Over the long term, there has been a definite downtrend in the propor- tion of youngsters of school age and persons of 65 and over in the labor force. Barring unforeseen contingen- cies, authorities expect these trends to prevail in the future. With respect to "oldsters" of retirement age, their withdrawal from the labor force will undoubtedly be accelerated by plans to expand Social Security benefits and
the growth of the pension movement in private industry.
As to the future size and rate of growth of the labor force, the Bu- reau of Labor Statistics recently made this forecast:
"In the first half of the 1950's, when the small generation born during the mid-1930's will be entering working age, there will be a sharp slump in labor force growth. The average an- nual increase of about 400,000 (with- out immigration) will be lower, ab- solutely and percentagewise, than in any comparable preiod in recent years.
"In the late 1950's the bumper crop of babies born during and immediate- ly after World War II will begin to move into the labor force. Labor- force entries will therefore rise, prob- ably reaching their peak in the early 1960's, when an average annual in- crease of about 800,000 workers is expected. Even at this level, how- ever, the increments to the labor force will be smaller on a percent- age basis than during the depression decade of the 1930's.
"After 1965 the rate of labor-force growth is expected to turn down- ward again, on the assumption of a decline birth rate in the years im- mediately ahead."
SANTA ANA LOCAL FURNISHES LABOR LIBRARY
A reference library of books on labor unions, labor relations and tlie history of the labor movement in tlie United States has been presented to Orange Coast College by Local 1815 of the Carpenters Union, located in Santa Ana, Cal.
The collection, including many books which are now out of print, has been assembled by tlie Orange county institution's library staff and purchased by the union. Selection and purchase of the books has taken since last spring.
The union's offer was made when tlie college library staff asked for assistance in obtain- ing information about labor unions for a course in industrial organization and labor rela- tions being taught by R. D. Boyce.
The Santa Ana local provided a list of reference books on tlie subject. An expanded offer was later made when the union determined to offer a series of scholarships to high school students on the basis of an examination on labor relations.
The library at Orange Coast college is to be available to high school students compet- ing for tlie scholarships. Selection of tlie books was made by members of the college social science department, including Boyce, Dr. Giles T. Brown, chairman of the department and Miles W. Eaton.
The Problem of Old-Age Security
An analysis of four present approaches to a solution that so far has evaded us.
By SUMNER H. SLIGHTER, Harvard Economist * *
LESS THAN half of the men and less than one out of ten of the women of sixty-five years of age or over in the United States are at work. A man of sixty-five years of age may expect to live on the average about twelve years longer; a women nearly fourteen years. How are people going to support themselves for twelve or fourteen years without working? An an- nuity paying $100 a month for life, if purchased at the age of 65, would cost more than $15,000. If it also provided a payment of $75 a month to a wife who survived her husband and who was about the same age as the husband, it would cost several thousand dollars more. Few persons who reach the age of 65 have savings of $15, 000 or more. Consequently, the voluntary savings of individuals can meet only a small part of the need. How retired workers shall be supported is plainly one of the biggest economic problems in the United States.
What should be done about the problem of security in old age? Is the problem being made unneces- sarily large and diSicult by unwise retirement policies on the part of business? How good are the four principal ways through which the country is now attempting to meet the problem— employer-initiated pen- sion plans, union-negotiated plans, the Federal old-age assistance plan, and the Federal old-age pension plan? Do these plans need to be supplemented or superseded by new arrangements? In particular, how good are the pension plans that have been negotiated by trade unions? The fact-finding board in the steel case said that so long as the gov- ernment fails to provide security in "an adequate amount, industry should take up the slack." Is this reasonable? Are union-negotiated plans a good way of meeting the problem of old-age security?
The house of Representatives has passed a bill extending the Federal old-age pension plan to at least 6
million more persons and raising the monthly benefits by roughly 70 per cent. How far would these changes go in meeting the problem of old- age security?
The seriousness of the problem of old-age security is greatly ag- gravated by the unwise retirement policies of business. Few people retire voluntarily— most retirements occur against the will of the work- er at the decision of the employer. The community obviously would be better off if the older persons who were willing to work had jobs and were producing goods. Furthermore, most persons would be happier at work than they are in retirement. Special reasons for early retirement exist, it is true, in the case of exec- utives, technicians and professional people, who hold jobs that require imagination, originality and resource- fulness. These jobs are best held by relatively young men.
For the great majority of jobs, how- ever, the age of 65 is too early for retirement. Hence, the growing prac-
10
THE CARPENTER
tice of retiring all persons at the age of 65 should be decisively halted. Had the rule of retirement at 65 been generally in effect in August, 1949, 3 million fewer people would have been at work in the United States, and the annual output of the economy would have been nearly $11 billion less— except to the extent that the drop- ping of older workers might have raised the efficiency of younger work- ers.
Although a higher retirement age would cut down the problem of old- age security it would not eliminate the problem. Even at the age of 70 the average male may expect to live nine years longer. An annuity of $100 a month for life at the age of 70 would cost him in excess of $13,000— certainly more than the average worker of 70 would have. Let us look, therefore, at the four principal ways which are now used to provide retired workers with incomes and let us see whether any of them offers a solution for the problem.
1. Employer-Initiated Plans
These plans have been growing by leaps aijd bounds— from fewer than 200 in 1915 to more than 400 in 1929 and more than 9,000 today. In the last ten years their growth has been greatly stimulated by the tax laws. More than three-fifths of the employ- er-initiated plans are non-contribu- tory. Most of the plans were started in order to permit firms to make some overdue retirements. Under the cir- cumstances, managements were hard- ly able to ask employes to contribute.
Pension plans initiated by private employers have four major deficien- cies, and they are clearly not the an- swer to the problem of old-age securi- ty—though they may do much good in the plants where they operate. A primary major deficiency for em- ployer-initiated pension plans is that
they will never give adequate cover- age. One reason for this is that they do not apply to self-employed per- sons, of whom there are about 11 mil- lion in the United States. They need a source of income after retirement no less than do employes.
Employer-initiated pension plans al- so fail to give adequate coverage be- cause they are expensive. Hence, only the more prosperous companies will adopt them. Even in the highly pros- perous year of 1945 more than one- fourth of all corporations were "in the red." Pensions, depending upon their size, are likely to cost at least 6 to 8 per cent of payrolls. This does not include the special cost of meet- ing the large accrued liability with which most pension plans start. This special cost is a result of the fact that the plans apply to employes who have worked for the employer for many years and who will soon have reached the age of retirement. No payments have been made before the initiation of the scheme to buy pen- sions for these employes.
F i n a 1 ly , the employer-initiated plans will not give adequate cover- age because they are limited to cer- tain types of employes— usually long- service employes. The present 9,000 employer-initiated plans cover a little more than one-third of the employes of the firms which have the plans.
A second major shortcoming of em- ployer-initiated pension schemes is that they may be abandoned at the will of the employer, leaving the employe without protection. Of 418 plans in existence in 1929, forty-five had been abandoned by 1932.
A third major defect of most em- ployer-initiated pension schemes is that they restrict the movement of workers— a man who leaves one em- ployer to work for another does not ordinarily carry his pension rights with him.
THE CARPENTER
11
A fourth major defect is the handi- cap they put on older workers in find- ing employment. This deficiency is a result of the third one; namely, that employes do not carry their pension rights from one employer to another. Even twenty years' contributions on behalf of a worker will not buy him a very adequate pension unless these contributions are at a high rate. Con- sequently, a man who is hired at the age of 55 and retired at the age of 65 or 68 would receive a very small pen- sion.
Managements do not care to under- mine the morale of their workers by giving substandard pensions to em- ployes who are retired, and they avoid this difficulty simply by not taking workers of more than about 45 years of age except for temporary jobs.
2. Union-Negotiated Plans
Pension plans negotiated by unions with employers may be less easily abandoned than an employer-initiated plan and they may cover a larger pro- portion of the employes, but they suf- fer from the same four major defects as do employer-initiated plans. Con- sequently, it was a blunder for the fact-finding board in the steel dispute to recommend union-negotiated plans for the various steel companies.
Union-negotiated plans will never give adequate coverage, partly be- cause they do not apply to the self- employed and partly because they can be instituted only in those plants where the employer is making enough money so that he can grant the union demand for pensions, meet the large accrued liability, and hold his own in competition. No matter how strong the union, it cannot impose an ade- quate pension plan on those employ- ers who are financially weak. The limitation of coverage is especially great when the cost of pensions falls entirely on the employer. Conse-
quently, if union-negotiated plans are established, the workers should con- tribute part of the cost.
The union-negotiated pension plans which have been established thus far do not, as a rule, permit an employe who leaves an enterprise to carry his pension rights with him to his next job— though some of the stronger un- ions may be able to correct this defect by negotiating changes in the plans. Union-negotiated pension plans, like employer-initiated plans, discourage employers from hiring older workers and thus handicap older workers in finding jobs.
A special drawback of many union- negotiated pension plans is their fi- nancial unsoundness. Many of these plans make no provision for meeting the huge accrued liability with which the plans start. In many cases the cost of the pensions in a decade or so will be so large that the unions will have to consent to a reduction in the pensions in order to gain wage in- creases. Consequently, the so-called "security" oflFered by many union- negotiated pension plans is illusory.
The pension fund in the coal in- dustry is a glaring example of an ar- rangement which provides illusory security because it is financially un- sound. No adequate provision has been made to finance the enormous accrued liability with which the scheme started. Nor has the under- writing of the risks been arranged to assure that any part of the payments now being made into the fund will be available to provide pensions ten or twenty years hence for the men who are today counting on getting pensions when they retire. An insurance company which attempted to operate as the miners' welfare fund is being operated would quickly be in trouble with the law.
12
THE CARPENTER
3. Old-Age Assistance
The old-age assistance program of the Federal Government is the largest single source of income to retired persons. About 2.6 million are draw- ing old-age assistance payments and this is roughly twice as large a.s all of the pension payments made under the Federal old-age pension scheme. More than half the money now disbursed for old-age assistance comes from the Federal Government, but administra- tion is in the hands of the states.
The old-age assistance program is open to two major objections. One is that it is demoralizing and the other is that it opens the door to grave pol- itical abuses. It is demoralizing for people to have to accept charity after a lifetime of work. And since the money comes from general revenues, recipients of aid do not have the sat- isfaction of knowing that they have made a specific contribution to help finance the payments which they re- ceive.
The fact that payments are based upon a means test makes the plan difficult to administer. Need is difficult to defii:ve, and this creates the danger of political favoritism. The danger is aggravated by the fact that payments are made out of general revenue and that most of the states, which admin- ister the scheme, are paying out more Federal money than state money.
During the last ten years the record of old-age assistance strongly suggests that such a scheme cannot be satis- factorily administered. Although un- employment (which tends to be es- pecially high among older persons) dropped from 9.5 million in 1939 to 2.1 million in 1948, payments for old- age assistance increased 2.7 times. There are wide differences between states in the proportion of persons re- ceiving aid, and there are wide varia- tions in average monthly payments
even between adjoining states. In Louisiana no less than four out of five persons of 65 years of age or more are receiving old-age assistance— a sudden doubling of the number since June, 1948.
In Oklahoma and Georgia more than half, and in Texas, Colorado, Alabama and Mississippi nearly half of all persons 65 years of age or over are drawing old-age assistance, but in New York and New Jersey the pro- portion is only one out or ten.
Wide variation also occurs in the size of payments. In Louisiana the average monthly payment has more than doubled between June, 1948, and June, 1949, rising from $22.87 to $47.05. In the two adjoining states of Arkansas and Mississippi the average monthly payment in June, 1949, was $20.95 and $18.80, respectively. Monthly payments in Massachusetts were nearly twice as large as in Ver- mont and one-third again as large as in Rhode Island.
4. Old-Age Insurance
The most satisfactory arrangement for providing income for retired per- sons is the Federal old-age insurance plan. It avoids the principal weak- nesses of the other three schemes. In the first place, it is comprehensive, for it covers all jobs in all plants within the covered industries. It is not limit- ed to the generous and prosperous employers or to the plants where un- ions are strong. In the second place, it gives enduring protection because it cannot be abrogated at the will of an employer, and employes do not lose their pension rights if their em- ployer goes out of business. In the third place, since employes carry their pension rights with them, the plan does not deter employers from hiring older workers.
In the fourth place, the burden on financially weak employers is limited
THE CARPENTER
13
by the fast that the plan appHes aUke to all competitors m an industry, by the fact that the accrued liability is met very gradually (as is possible only under a compulsory system), and by the fact that half of the cost falls on employes. In the fifth place, the self- respect of the workers is protected because pensions are given as a matter of right without a means test and are financed, not from general revenues, but from a payroll tax to which both employes and employers contribute equally. Finally, the fact that pensions are paid as a matter of right elimi- nates the chance for political favor- itism.
Although the Federal old-age in- surance scheme is basically sound, it has three serious defects— its coverage is inadequte, its eligibility require- ments are too strict, and the benefit payments are too low. The coverage is inadequate because the plan does not cover certain important types of domestic servants, employes of non- profit institutions, farm employes and the self-employed. All in all, it covers about three out of five jobs. The eli- gibility requirements are too strict- it takes too long for workers to ac- quire insured status. As a result, only about one out of five persons of 65 years of age or more is drawing pen- sion benefits or has insured status under the plan. The low benefit pay- ments are indicated by the fact that the average payment for single work- ers is about $26 a month and for a worker with one dependent, about $40 a month.
A comprehensive and adequate old- age insurance plan is the only way of checking the rapidly snowballing old- age assistance payments. The useful- ness of the Federal old-age pension plan in relieving the community of dependence on unsound alternative arrangements will depend upon ade- quacy of benefit payments. Surely it
is not unreasonable that the pension of a man with a wife to support should be at least half of his earnings before retirement. In case of a man who has been earning $300 a month through- out his working life, the recommenda- tions of the Advisory Council would result in a monthly pension of $106.87 —a little more than one-third of his monthly earnings.
Although the Federal old-age pen- sion plan can be easily developed to provide adequate protection to retired workers, some employers and some unions may wish to establish supple- mentary plans. The Federal Govern- ment, however, has an obligation to see that supplementary plans really provide the security which they prom- ise, that they do not tie a worker to a given employer, and that they do not encourage employers to discriminate against older workers.
This can be done by requiring that the plan meet certain standards in order for employer contributions to be a deductible expense under the corporate income, tax law. These standards should require that the plan be properly underwritten and that the employes who leave the service of an employer take their pension rights with them. In addition, in order to avoid encouraging noncontributory plans in preference to contributory, the Federal Government should per- mit the contributions of employes to pension plans to be a deductible ex- penditure under the personal income tax— at least if the employe's contri- bution is matched by one from his
employer.
* >ii *
Can the Country afford an ade- quate scheme of security for old age? With stiff wage demands con- stantly being made on industry, with large quantities of goods needed for national defense and to provide help to sixteen countries in Europe, can
14
THE CARPENTER
industry produce enough to give de- cent pensions to retired workers? And are not all schemes by which the community undertakes to provide se- curity for retired workers wrong in principle? Are not such schemes bound to undermine thrift, initiative, self-reliance, and the spirit of inde- pendence?
The cost of an old-age pension plan paying benefits moderately more lib- eral than those included in the bill recently passed by the House or re- commended by the Advisory Coun- cil on Social Security may be put roughly at 8 per cent of payrolls. In the past, output per man-hour in the United States has increased about 2 per cent a year. If it continues to grow at the rate of 2 per cent a year, it will increase by over 80 per cent in the next thirty years.
Hence, the total cost of a fairly ade- quate old-age security program would be about one-tenth the increase in production during the next genera- tion—assuming that output per man- hour grows no faster than in the past. The one thing that must be avoided, in order to keep the cost of old-age security within moderate limits, is a further drop in the usual age of re- tirement. Universal retirement at 65, depriving the community of nearly $11 billion of products a year, would be ten times as costly as the present old-age pension program is today.
The danger that a system of old- age security will undermine thrift is remote. The usual method by which men have provided for their old age has never been thrift— it has been by having plenty of children and expect- ing the children to help the parents. Certainly pensions which pay 50 per cent more or less than average earn- ings leave much room for thrift. Fur- thermore, no one need fear that the incentives to practice thrift are about to disappear— there are many good
things which the ordinary person can acquire only by practicing thrift quite rigorously. Any wage-earner who buys a house at present prices will have a good opportunity to be thrifty for years to come.
Nor is old-age security likely to undermine initiative, self-reliance and independence— it is likely to strength- en these qualities. The reason is ob- vious. The worker, small-business man or high executive who has a minimum of protection for his old age is likely to be willing to take some economic chances which he would not otherwise dare take. The extension of old-age security to small- business men may be particularly use- ful in making them feel better able to take risks. Certainly if the pros- pect of a pension is likely to under- mine initiative or self-reliance this probability has been overlooked by the many corporations which have provided generous noncontributory pensions for their executives— the very men who most of all need to have initiative and self-reliance.
One final word of warning. The greatest danger to an adequate old- age security plan is rising prices. A rise of 2 per cent a year in prices would cut the purchasing power of pensions about 45 per cent in thirty years. The greatest danger of rising prices is from wages rising faster than output per man-hour. If unions put up money wages 5 per cent a year and output per man-hour in- creased 3 per cent a year, prices will have to rise by the difference, or 2 per cent a year. Hence, whether the nation succeeds in providing ade- quate security for retired workers de- pends in a large measure upon the wage policies of trade unions. If unions push up wages faster than output increases, they undermine the security of all retired workers.
15
Gov. Warren Frees Four
* *
GOVERNOR EARL WARREN of California on December 2nd com- muted to time served the sentences of John H. Bundte, WilHam Philhps, Jr., George M. Sherrard, and Robert E. Moore, who were convicted on charges growing out of an outbreak of "violence" during the long and bitter lumber strike in the Redwood territory. The four lumber workers were convicted of rioting and given six months in the county jail. They were also convicted of assault with intent to do bodily harm, for which they were sentenced to prison terms to be served upon completion of the county jail terms. The county jail sentences expired December 5th, so by the Governor's action, the men were given their liberty in time to enjoy Christmas with their families.
In announcing the commutations, the Governor said:
"These men have all been good citizens of their community over a period of years. They are family men, and with one exception, they have never been in any serious dilBculty with the law in their lives. They are working men and they have been vouched for by their clergymen, by business men in the region, and by neighbors and fellow workers. They have been punished by six months in jail and I do not believe that they will again be in conflict with the law. It would, therefore, serve no good purpose to break up their homes and further imprison them."
The conviction of the four lumber workers was the outgrowth of a rock- throwing incident which occurred on the picket line near Willits, California. As a truck loaded with unfair lumber approached the picket line in February 1947, nerves worn raw by the bitterness of the strike snapped. Rocks began to fly. At least one rock allegedly hit the truck driver. The four union members were singled out for arrest from among a sizeable group of people present. Their trials aroused considerable interest not only in the county but through- out much of the Pacific Coast area as well. Despite valiant efforts by Union attorneys, the four men received prison terms in addition to county jail terms —treatment which appeared to be unduly harsh to many people both in and out of the labor movement.
Nevertheless, all union appeals clear up to the Supreme Court failed to reverse the sentences.
However, by his charity and benevolence. Governor Warren brought the matter to a happy ending in time for Christmas. Through his commutation order, the four men were restored to their families and "finis" was written to an unfortunate incident that all concerned are anxious to forget.
SIP
SOMETHING BAFFLING
As a result of a recent study, a medical journal announces that jealousy is the mo- tive behind a vast majority of the mur- ders in which women shoot their husbands greatly on the increase).
It sounds quite logical; but what is ex- tremely difficult to understand is a wife's jealousy when you see the newspaper por- trait of her husband.
• * •
WHAT FOR?
A financial magazine announces Uncle Sam is seriously considering printing more of the higher denominations of currency.
As a working stiff who has to fight to- day's high prices, our reaction can best be illustrated by telling the story of the young Boston attorney. Fresh out of law school, the attorney was spending most of his time trying to appear busy and prosper- ous. As he was leaving for lunch one day he attached to his door a neatly marked card announcing:
"Will Be Back In An Hour."
On his return he found that some rival had inscribed underneath: "What For?"
29. -ggPZB- © 1949 (^A.IiL ^
If it's pro-labor, I'll go! But if it's anti-labor — nix!"
A NEAT SYSTEM
With practically all of China now in the hands of the Reds, a great hue and cry has gone up as to what our policy toward that unhappy country should be. Many are in favor of recognizing the new regime, and about as many are violently opposed to the idea. From where we sit it looks hke six of one and half a dozen of the other. Either way we stand to come out on the short end. To our way of thinking, the best \vay to deal vnih all communism e\'er\^vhere is to keep our own country strong and prosperous and to heck with what the Reds are doing in China or Rou- mania or Ameroosia. Sooner or later they will break their picks because it is as na- tural for a man to want to be free as it is for him to breathe.
AnyM'ay, for some reason or other, we keep tliinking about the old African plan- tation owner in this connection. After spend- ing many years in the jungle, the plantation owner finally received a visit from a New Yorker. The first evening there was quite a drinking bout before everyone retired. The New Yorker dropped right off to sleep, but in a short while was awakened by a swarm of buzzing mosquitos. Unable to endure their tortures, he arose and hunted up the houseboy.
"I want a mosquito net," he said.
"We don't have any," replied the ser\'ant.
"You don't!" asked the startled visitor. "How does your master stand it?"
"Well," replied the houseboy, "the first part of the night he is so drunk the mos- quitos don't bother him and the rest of the night they are so drunk he doesn't bother them."
¥ ^ ■¥■
ANOTHER PAIN THAT NEEDS CURING
According to the Sole Leather Bureau, sore feet cost Americans something hke six million dollars a year in absenteeism lowered efficiency and accidents. Proper shoes, says the Bureau, will eliminate most foot pains.
Maybe so. But only repeal will cure the pain in the neck passage of the Taft- Hartley Law gave all tliinking workers in tlie nation.
THE CARPENTER
17
PAUP'S OBSERVATIONS ON WOMEN
Careful Woman: One who loses only one glove.
Woman's Intuition: Suspicion that clicked.
Gold Digger: A woman who falls in love at purse sight.
Middle-aged Lady: A build in a girdled cage.
Modem Girl: One who sticks by the spin- ning wheel— until her chips give out.
Nag: A woman who has no horse sense.
Ladies' Sewing Circle: A gathering in which more husbands are darned than socks.
Stenographer: Girl working on her MRS degree.
Wife: A continual buzzing in the ear.
Woman Who Doesn't Play Bridge: Fu- gitive from the chin gang.
Waitress: Girl who thinks money grows on trays.
* • *
SAD BUT TRUE
There once was a lad not unique,
Who imagined himself quite a shique,
But the girls didn't fall
For the fellow at all.
For he made only thirty a vdque.
• • •
FROM ONE PHILOSOPHER TO ANOTHER
"Happiness is the greatest desire of man- kind," says a famous English philosopher in his newest book.
To which Joe Paup replies, "What good is happiness? It can't buy you money."
^ -¥■ -¥■
A LITTLE BIT DECEIVING
Recent figures reveal that lobbyists for Big Business now out-number members of Congress by about three to one. W. Brooke Graves who compiled the figures was amused by the numerous protestations made by lobbyists that they were not really lobbyists but merely registered as such "just in case." "It would appear," he wrote, "that all of them sit in their offices or in their hotel rooms and medi- tate, thinking pure thoughts."
Could be, but we doubt it. With all tlieir protestations of innocence, lobbyists sort of remind us of the mother who was entertainin a friend.
"What a sweet and innocent-looking face your little girl has," the visitor remarked.
"I hadn't noticed," the mother answered anxiously. "Mary, what mischief have you been up to now?"
YOU NEVER CAN TELL
Editors once considered a man biting a dog the ultimate in newsworthiness. How- ever, since passage of the Taft-Hartley Law, a new yardstick has been set up for per- fection in a news story. The other day it actually came about; the National Laboi Relations Board and General Counsel Den- ham for once agreed. The surprise was so great it brought to mind a favorite old story:
A wife was greatly concerned when her ailing husband won a sweepstake ticket for $150,000. Feeling that the shock might prove too great a strain on her husband's heart she called the family physician to ask his advice. After some consideration the doctor decided that he should go down to the lucky man's place of business and break the good news and at the same time be prepared to administer aid should the surprise prove too great for the winner. When the doctor entered the little store something like the following took place:
Doctor: "Hello, John! What would you do if on this bright Fall day someone were to tell you that you had hit the Irish Sweepstakes for $150,000?"
Lucky Man: "Well, Doc, you have al- ways been a good friend. I believe if that were to happen I would give you $75,000."
Then the Doctor dropped dead.
"We're playing that union team to- day, so I'm going to picket our goal line."
18
TWIN CITIES LAY CORNER STONE
Ox RAYMOND Avenue and Bradford in the Cit}- of St. Paul finishing touches were recently applied to a beautiful new SSO.OOO building. Looking at it one sees a fine example of functional modem architec- ture combining reinforced concrete construction w'ith. mellow 'Winona facing. But the realh" important components that went into the completion of the building do not show. They are thirt}' years of planning and dreaming and scheming;: for this is the new home of the Twin Cities District Council.
Wielding the trowel like a veteran bricklayer. General President William L, Hutcheson lays the corner stone of the new Twin Cities District Council home as J. H. Bakken. council Secretary-Treasurer i right and L, F. Krengel. business agent, watch hii technique.
E\'er since the Council was organized thirt}" odd years ago the officers and members looked forward to the day when they could occupy a building they could call their o^\'n. It took hundreds of committee meetings and thousands of hours planning and a considerable amount of financial sacrifice to do the job but it has been done.
On Saturday, October IsL General President ^^'illiam L. Hutcheson. in the presence of all General Officers, General Executive Board Members, and a larsie number of officers and members of the council, laid the comer stone of
THE CARPENTER
19
the new building. The General Officers were in St. Paul attending the AFL convention. Sealed in the corner stone was a copper box containing a list of officers and delegates to the council, current working agreements, copies of minutes, and many other items which will give some future generation an accurate picture of conditions surrounding the carpenters of the area today.
Short speeches by General Presi- dent Hutcheson and General Sec- retary Emeritus Frank Duffy sum- marized the long, hard road which not only the Twin Cities District Council, but the entire United Brotherhood as well, traveled to achieve the conditions and wages that carpenters enjoy today. Many other important guests were intro- duced and all commended the council for the fighting spirit they have always displayed; a symbol of which is their fine new home.
The two veteran "war horses" of the United Brotherhood, General President Hutcheson and General Secretary Emeritus Duflfy are snapped by the cameraman in front of the newly laid corner stone.
The building is fifty-four by six- ty-five feet. In addition to a main meeting hall, it has six private offices, a conference room, fire- proof vault, and many other fea- tures designed to add comfort and efficiency. Best of all, the building is, ex- cept for a few minor odds and ends, entirely paid for and owned by the council and its affiliates.
Two days following the laying of the corner stone, the Twin Cities District Council tendered a banquet to the General Officers of the United Brother- hood who were in St. Paul attending the annual convention of the x\merican Federation of Labor. It was the first time in many, many years that the entire roster of General Officers had been in St. Paul at the same time. The banquet was held at the Lowry Hotel. Despite atrocious weather, some 150 odd guests were in attendance. Good food and short but inspiring speeches by a number
of the honored guests made the occasion a memorable one.
•
ORNBURN, LABEL LEADER AND SHOW FOUNDER, IS DEAD
The man who made American AFL union label conscious is dead.
Ira M. Ornburn, 60, secretary-treasurer of the AFL Union Label Trades Department since 1934 and founder of the gigantic annual "Union Industries Show," succumbed Dec. 17 at the Cornwall, N. Y., Hospital. He entered the hospital after suffering a stroke and was ill two weeks.
The tall, friendly, urbane Mr. Ornburn acliieved prominence in several fields during a busy life, but it was his promotion of the union label which won him world-wide attention and the admiration here at home of rank-and-file workers who stood to gain most by bigger markets for union-made goods and services.
Mr. Ornburn was born in Moberly, Mo. He moved as a young man to New Haven, Conn., where he worked as a cigar maker. He was a member of the Cigarmakers' Inter- national Union, served as its vice-president from 1918 to 1926, president from 1926 to 1936, and since 1918 was one of the union's delegates to the annual AFL comention.
Mr. Ornburn was elected secretary-treasmrer of the AFL Union Label Trades Depart- ment by tlie 1934 AFL convention.
THE LOCKER
By JOHN HART, Local Union 366, New York, N. Y.
This issue of The Locker contains a series of diversified questions closely or remotely related to the trade. From various sources we gather this is M'hat most readers prefer. If you score the full 500 points let us know^ about it and we'll make room for your bust in the Carpenters' Hall of Fame. If you need the answers, you'll find them on page 30.
PLANE GEOMETRY
1. When the time is two o'clock, what degree angle do the hands make? 5
2. A triangle has sides, 9, 12, 15. Which figure is the hypotenuse? 20
3. Take 5 points for each parallelogram you can name 20
4. One angle of a triangle is 60°. The second is 30°. What is the third? 10
5. How many sides has a dodecagon 25
ARCHITECTURE
6. Name the city and country where each of the following famous buildings
is located. The Louvre (5) (5). St. Mark's Cathedral (5)
(5). The Taj Mahal (5) (5). The Parthenon (5)
(5). The Alhambra (5) (5) 50
7. Sculpture which projects slightly from the surface as on a coin is called
what? Intaglio scagliola bas-relief _ .marquetry fresco. 25
8. Which column is the simplest in style? Corinthian Doric Ionic 15
9. What part of a building is generally termed the facade? 10
10. A detached, free-standing bell tower is architecturally termed a minaret
peristyle campanile cupola belvedere. 20
GENERAL BUILDING
11. If you know what a batter wall is you're good for 15 points 15
12. Do you know what a bench mark is used for in a building? 5
13. What mechanic in the building trade gets paid for pointing? 10
14. What tools does a bricklayer use when chasing a wall? 5
15. Whereabouts on a building would you look for a quoin? 25
CARPENTRY
16. How many shoulders has a bareface tenon? 25
17. When a door has a frieze rail where is it located? 15
18. What part of a lock is the cap? 5
19. If you know what center-matched sheathing is take an easy 20 points 20
20. Name a two-handled tool a carpenter uses by pulling towards him 10
HARDWARE
21. What is a holdfast? 10
22. Where and for what purpose is a panic bolt used? 20
23. Which of these is called an invisible hinge? Bommer, Rixson, Soss, Olive. _ 25
24. How does a dowel screw differ from an ordinary screw? 20
25. What is meant by a dead lock? 10
MENTAL ARITHMETIC (put your pencil away)
26. The perimeter of a room is 60 feet. The length is twice the width. What
are the dimensions of the room? 25
27. A carpenter charges 12 cents for sawing a board into two lengths. How
much should he charge for sawing it into six lengths? 5
28. How many s. ft. in a room 27 feet wide and 33 feet 4 inches long? 25
29. In a Local of 480 members, 24 are apprentices. What percentage of the
total membership are apprentices? 10
30. How many square inches difference between 2 square ft. and 2 feet square? 15
Total points 500 THE 64 DOLLAR QUESTION
A ten inch phonograph record has a blank inner space four inches in diameter. The
blank outer margin is one-half inch wide. How far does the needle travel when tlie record is fully played? An approximate answer will be considered correct.
21
MORAL: Safety Pays
• •
SO LITTLE ALICE thought things were wacky in Wonderland! She should have stuck around and seen what the National Safety Council dug up in 1949 in its annual roundup of odd accidents. To wit: Every ballplayer dreams of the day he's as hot as a firecracker. But few attain it as literally as Outfielder Norman Lawrence of an East Oakland, Calif., sandlot team. Thirteen-year-old Norman chased a fly ball so vigorously that the friction of his pants ignited some matches in his pocket. The matches touched off a pocketful of firecrack
ers Norm had been hoarding. He banged his way spectacularly across the outfield and caught the fly— to the thunderous cheers of his amazed and delighted teammates.
In the same anatomical category is the fascinating case of Ivan Har- zell of Yreka, Calif., who gave not a hotfoot but a hotseat to, of all peo- ple, himself. Mr. Harzell was work- ing in a field with a sodium chlorate weed killer that impregnated his trousers. The highly inflammable chemical was touched off by friction when Mr. Harzell rammed his hand into his pocket, and his pants ex- ploded.
Statistics show that very few cars skid on icy streets in New York City in midsummer. But that's what hap- pened on the hottest day of the year in 1949. A taxicab driven by Arthur Irise crashed into another taxi. Irise explained to police that his cab had skidded on ice that had fallen from a truck. He was advised to put on chains.
Mrs. Lowell Long is used to hear- ing her neighbors in Cedar Rapids, la., say that her biscuits are always surefire. Nonetheless, she was star- tled when shots rang out from the hot o\ en into which she had just dropped a pan of dough. Then she
remembered that when the family left on a recent vacation, two re- volvers had been hidden in the stove.
Fully aware that things are tough all over, police in Sacramento, Calif., ne^'ertheless were surprised to get a report that an automobile had picked the pocket of a pedestrian and es- caped with $102. The victim, W. T. Taylor, had walked too close to a moving car. His coat pocket— wal- let and all— was ripped off by the auto and carried away.
Football fans realize that pretty drum majorettes of high school bands practically knock themselves out to please the crowd. But Celia Slavens of the Champaign, 111., high school band actually did it. She twirled her baton so energetically it smacked her in the head and knocked her cold.
In Bridgeport, Conn., a box of cookies set fire to a house at 153 Charles Street. How? Well, the box toppled from a kitchen shelf onto the handle of a water faucet, tin-ning on the water. The cookies spilled out clogging the drain and causing an overflow. The water seeped through the floor, a short circuit resulted, and fire broke out.
Parents and others who are a little weary of bubble gum have an ardent
22 THE CARPENTER
ally in Quincy Elmer Fergusson of Then things were really gummed
Anaheim, Calif. Quincy was driving up.
a young woman home from the office In Kampsville, 111., Bridegroom
one afternoon when she chose that James Inman blissfully carried his
moment to demonstrate her skill as bride across the threshold, slipped
a gum bubbler. The balloon sized and broke his ankle.
bubble burst in Quincy's face. He And in Santa Monica, Calif., po-
did what came naturally— let go of lice arrested a motorist on a speed-
the wheel and clawed at the rub- ing charge for the second time in
ber}' goo which covered his eyes. 18 months. His name? No fooling,
The car swerved into two others, folks— it's Safetv' First!
1950 HOUSING CENSUS IMPORTANT TO INDUSTRY
Comprehensive data covering many housing subjects vital to the interest of the construction and building industries will be gathered by enumerators of the United States Bureau of the Census when they take the Census of Housing in April. Preparations have been made to enumerate as many as 45 million dwelling units compared with 37.3 million units reported in the 1940 census.
The Housing Census to be made as part of the 17th Decennial Census will be the second nationwide sun'ey of the housing situation by the Census Bureau. It will furnish the construction and building industries with new and detailed information to replace figures gathered in the 1940 Census of Hous- ing and subsequent surveys.
Since 1940, tremendous shifts in population have occurred in the United States, some areas having gained much more heavily than others. These move- ments have made it desirable that the Nation be brought up to date on the question of where housing is most needed and how much.
An authoritative and reliable determination of current housing needs can be had only by finding out the location of existing units and their character- istics, values, rentals, mortgage financing features, and other essential data which is obtained on a nationwide scale only by the Census Bureau.
Builders and building craftsmen, real estate brokers, and mortgage lenders depend largely upon housing for their livelihood. Others depend upon hous- ing to provide the principal markets for their products— lumber, brick, stone, hardware, glass, and paint, to cite a few examples. Mines, mills, forests and farms all provide materials for home construction. Producers and retailers of stoves, furnaces, electrical appliances, and household furnishings all are vitally concerned with new information on potential markets.
While the interest of public officials and persons in the building industry is more acute with respect to the need for new housing, the quality of existing units also is of vital importance. In 1940, most users of the housing statistics found the data on "state of repair" to be very useful.
The Census Bureau recognized the fact, however, that "state of repair" as reported by an enumerator is conditioned by his abilit\' to judge the kind and extent of repairs that a house needs. Nevertheless, the various users of such data feel that some measure of housing quality' is highly desirable, par- ticularly if it can be provided for their own localities.
Official Information
General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS
of AMERICA
Gbnbbal Office : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General President
WM. L. HUTCHBSON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
FiBST General Vice-President
M. A. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Acting Secretary
ALBERT E. FISCHER
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Second General Vice-President
JOHN R. STEVENSON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Treasurer
S. P. MEADOWS
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Executive Board First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, JR. Fifth District, R. E. ROBERTS
111 B. 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y. 3819 Cuming St., Omaha, Nebr.
Second District, O. WM. BLAIBR 933 B. Magee, Philadelphia 11, Pa.
Sixth District, A. W. MUIR Box 1168, Santa Barbara, Calif.
Third District, HARRY SCHWARZER 1248 Walnut Ave., Cleveland, O.
Seventh District, ARTHUR MARTBL 3600 St. Lawrence, Montreal, Que., Can.
Fourth District, ROLAND ADAMS 712 West Palmetto St., Florence, S. C.
WM. L. HUTCHESON. Chairman ALBERT E. FISCHER, Acting Secretary
All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the Acting Secretary
Notice to Recording Secretaries
The quarterly circular for the months of January, February and March, 1950, containing the quarterly password, has been forwarded to all Local Unions of the United Brotherhood. Recording Secretaries not in receipt of this circular should notify Albert E. Fischer, Carpenters' Building, Indian- apolis, Indiana.
Report of the Delegates to the Forty-first Annual Convention of
Union Label Trades Department of the American
Federation of Labor
To the General Executive Board:
The Forty-first Annual Convention of the Union Label Trades Department of the American Federation of Labor was held in the Windsor Room of the St. Paul Hotel, St. Paul, Minnesota on September 30, 1949. One hundred and twenty-one delegates were present, representing forty-four National and International Unions.
The following National and International Unions were represented:
Delegates
American Federation of Labor 1
Bakery and Confectionary Workers' International Union of America 7
(Continued on page 27)
Editorial
Labor At Last Gets A National Voice
Last month a radio spieler by the name of Fulton Lewis, Jr. created some- thing of a sensation when he broadcast a hair-raising story about uranium and heavy water and atom bomb secrets being exported to Russia in wholesale quantities during the war. No cloak and dagger fiction writer of the modern school ever turned out anything more exciting. All the elements of suspense were there— bearded Russian villains slinking around U. S, Army property, mysterious orders coming from high places, and, most important of all, a boy hero stanuding his ground against all sorts of odds. However, that is as it should be, for most of Lewis' story tiirned out to be pure fiction too.
The boy hero in Lewis' spy thriller is a former Air Force officer stationed at Great Falls, Montana, during the war. This chap, George R. Jordan by name, acted as expediter for lend-lease material flowing to Russia through that base. According to Jordan, he saw shipments of uranium ore and other vital material being loaded on planes bound for the Russian front. Jordan even claimed that he saw Russian officers struggling under carboys of "heavy water," an important component in the manufacture of the atom bomb. According to his story, he, Jordan, personally stopped a good deal of this illegal traffic.
But Lewis' great "scoop" backfired. A Congressional investigation got under way immediately. One by one the charges made by Jordan and aired by Lew;s failed to stand up. It was disclosed by General Groves, who was the chief in charge of the entire atomic program during the war, that there was not a glassful of heavy water in existence at the time Jordan claimed Russians were carrying it off in huge carboys. The very fact that Jordan claimed the Russians were grunting and groaning under the loads made his story sound ridiculous because heavy water is very little different in weight from ordinary water. It is designated "heavy" because of its different mole- cular structure, and not because of its weight.
In any event, all the furore created by Lewis went for nothing. News- papers have revealed since his sudden rise to notoriety, that Jordan sought after the war to set himself as a consultant or "five per center" for persons trying to do business with the Russians. Other papers revealed that he tried unsuccessfully to peddle his "story" many other places before Lewis finally purchased it.
What was back of the whole thing? Probably Lewis' vindictiveness against the present administration and the whole New Deal from its inception in 1933. Certainly he was too smart to be taken in by the more fantastic portions of Jordan's story. He merely saw in them an opportunity to smear people he did not like in Washington. That he made the most of that opportunity is evident from the furore created.
THE CARPENTER 25
Lewis is an old hand at that sort of thing. Labor often has been on the receiving end of his verbal brickbats. More than likely he racked his brains trying to cook up an anti-labor angle to his newest spy scare story before he broke it. Like a good many of his colleagues, Lewis seems to be more inter- ested in sensationalism than in strict truth.
This latest incident merely emphasizes the fact that organized labor has long needed a national radio voice of its own. That voice is now on the air. Under the sponsorship of the American Federation of Labor, Frank Edwards, long one of the top commentators in the middle west, is now broadcasting Monday through Friday over Mutual Broadcasting System. Edwards is no slouch as a newscaster. He is forceful, fearless and fair. Most important of all, he is free to call his shots as he sees them without fear of offending the Na- tional Association of Manufacturers or the Chamber of Commerce. Every worker who is interested in getting the whole truth in every situation ought to make it a habit to listen to Edwards every weekday evening. Consult your local newspaper for the time when your local Mutual station will be carrying his program.
No One Likes Snooping
Every tenth year Uncle Sam undertakes a count of his nieces and nephews. This is a census year. Already thousands upon thousands of enumerators have started the tremendous task of counting every man, woman, and child in our glorious land. In tenament hovels, in backwoods cabins, in swanky apartment houses, in remote bayous, in fact wherever people live in this broad land, there enumerators will appear sometime this year to gather information about our population.
Something new has been added to this census. Recently the Census Bureau announced that one of each five individuals or heads of families will be asked certain pertinent questions concerning the size of their incomes. Object of these questions will be to gatlier accurate information regarding the living standards of the poorer people, especially those whose low earnings exempt them from income tax payments. No such questions will be asked of people in the $10,000 a year category and above because their income tax reports will give all the information needed for government statistics.
Against this prying into the financial status of part of our citizens, a number of Congressmen have raised a great hue and cry. Despite the fact all information gathered will be strictly confidential, they charge that the questioning constitutes "snooping." In a sense it does. However, so does the income tax blank which people in the higher brackets by law must £11 out each year. For better or worse, the day when most people could keep their financial affairs strictly to themselves flew out the window when the income tax law was passed some thirty-five years ago. That people in the very lowest income bracket should be afforded a special privilege that is now denied those who make enough to pay income taxes seems illogical.
What we suspect is that the opponents of the idea of gathering financial data during the census have an ulterior motive. We are inclined to think that they are more concerned with what such financial data would show rather
26 THE CARPENTER
than with protecting the privacy of the people. Congress is aheady concerned with the economic welfare of our people. A Senate Economic subcommittee headed by Senator Sparkman of Alabama has already been deMng into the economic status of the American people. Among the things uncovered by this subcommittee was considerable evidence pointing to the fact that incomes are lowest among tlie unorganized workers who do not have unions to represent them in collective bargaining with their employers. A nationwide surv'ey of earnings would probably pro\"e this theory ver}' conclusively. Needless to say, most of the Congressmen objecting to a further dehing into facts about low incomes are Congressmen who seldom vote ^^"ith labor on any matters.
Figures already published by the Sparkman subcommittee indicate that something like eight million individuals and heads of families are now earn- ing less than Sl.OOO a year. Something like sixteen milhon have incomes of less than 82,000 a }"ear. Obviously this is not a happy situation. Neither is it a situation conducive to continued national prosperit\\ Before the problem can be attacked intelligently, it is important that as much correct information as possible be a\'ailable. Other than the Census Bureau no agency is adequately organized to gather the necessar}^ facts and figures.
No one likes snooping. The less of it there is the better off all concerned will be. However, for the bulk of the American people, privacy about income disappeared with the ad\"ent of the income tax. If facts and figures are now needed concerning the earnings of the lowest income groups, it would only seem logical that they should be gathered in the only sure wa}" they can. Knowing the facts is always the first step required in remedying any situation.
An Important Step
Recently labor representati^"es from \"irtually all the free nations of the world met in London to form the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions. To say that the democratic cause was thereby strengthened is to in- dulge in understatement. Nothing that has taken place since the end of the war is of greater significance to working people ever}^vhere who cherish personal freedom.
The International Confederation for the first time gi\'es the democratic cause a spring board from which to launch an effective counter-offensive against communism. Up to now, all the aid gi\"en to devastated nations throughout the world has operated through the governments that existed be- fore the war. Sometimes these were corrupt and undemocratic, even though anti-communistic. Through the International Confederation, an effective peo- ple's voice has been estabhshed— a \-oice really dedicated to democratic prin- ciples.
As that voice is strengthened and nurtured, its effecti\"eness will increase and in the long run it will undoubtedly make the greatest contribution to the annihilation of all totalitarianism. Human history pro\"es that by his very nature man wants to be free. All he needs is a vehicle for achieving that free- dom. The International Confederation pro^'ides such a \'ehicle.
THE CARPENTER 27
(Continued front page 23)
Delegates Journeymen Barbers, Hairdressers, Cosmetologists and Proprietors' International
Union of America 3
International Brotherhood of Blacksmiths, Drop Forgers and Helpers 1
International Brotherhood of Boilermakers, Iron Ship Builders and Helpers of
America 3
International Brotherhood of Bookbinders 2
Boot and Shoe Workers' Union 5
United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America 2
United Cement, Lime and Gypsum Workers International Union 4
International Chemical Workers Union 3
Cigar Makers International Union of America 3
Retail Clerks International Association 2
Coopers' International Union of North America 2
Distillery, Rectifying and Wine Workers' International Union of America 2
International Federation of Technical Engineers, Architects and Draftsmen's
Unions 1
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers '. 4
International Union of Operating Engineers 4
International Photo-Engravers Union of North America 4
International Brotherhood of Firemen and Oilers 2
International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union 1
United Garment Workers of America 5
Glass Bottle Blowers Association of the United States and Canada 3
American Flint Glass Workers' Union of North America 1
International Glove Workers' Union of America 1
United Hatters, Cap and Millinery Workers' International Union 1
Hotel and Restaurant Employes and Bartendars' International Union 1
Laundry Workers' International Union 3
Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Butcher Workmen of North America 5
Sheet Metal Workers' International Association 1
American Federation of Grain Millers 2
Office Employes' International Union 3
Brotherhood of Painters, Decorators and Paperhangers of America 3
International Brotherhood of Paper Makers 1
United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing and Pipe
Fitting Industry of the United States and Canada 1
Metal Polishers, BuflFers, Platers and Helpers' International Union 1
National Brotherhood of Operative Potters 2
International Printing Pressmen and Assistants' Union of North America 6
International Brotherhood of Pulp, Sulphite and Paper Mill Workers of the
United States, Canada and Newfoundland 2
International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employes and Moving Picture Ma- chine Operators of the United States and Canada 3
Stove Mounters' International Union of North America S
International Brotherhood of Teamsters, ChauflFeurs, Warehousemen and
Helpers of America 5
United Textile Workers of America 1
Tobacco Workers International Union 3
International Typographical Union 6
Upholsterers' International Union of North America 2
Total Delegates 121
The Executive Board in its annual report said in part:
A year ago there was great uncertainty whether the signs of better times, then apparent, were real or illusory, whether the tide of recovery was actually flowing or whether there was just a lull in depression.
Looking at the world as a whole, tlie presence of a general advance is noted. And it is hardly the kind of recovery for which most of us have been watching and waiting.
28 THE CARPENTER
The world had cherished the hope of returning to "normaUty." Without defining what the "normal" condition of affairs might be, the world vaguely imagined a state of things which would permit calculation for the future, which would give some assurance that the rhythm of economic life would resume an even tenor undisturbed by excessive ups and downs— a state of fairly stable equilibrium. This hope has by no means been realized.
Although much progress has been made, no one feels that stability or equilibrium has been attained. At most, what has been achieved is to set the economic machine again in motion after a grave disruption and serious dislocation. It is once more moving for- ward with more or less momentum and the gathering of speed, but the distance that it may be expected to travel remains a matter of conjecture and of anxious speculation.
What is perhaps more surprising and encouraging is the buoyancy and the tenacity of the human spirit. In spite of all the grave calamities through which the world has passed and the more than abundant sources of peril which still beset peoples everj'where, hu- manity has energetically fought its way onward and upward from the depths of destruction, poverty and depression and in an atmosphere of confusion to a point where it can look backward with a sense of relief and forward to the task of planning for a better future.
We are not likely to be deluded by any mirage of permanent prosperity. It Is there- fore appropriate we take stock of the whole situation and bend every effort towards rear- ing a better-grounded social and economic edifice than that which was shaken to its foun- dation in recent years.
The report also dealt with: Union Label Leagues, Union Label Features, Union Label Directory, Radio and Television, Union Label Weeks, Women's Auxiliaries and Union Industries Shows.
The proceedings further show that two international organizations became affiliated with the Department, as well as eight newly chartered Union Label Leagues.
There were sixteen Resolutions submitted which were referred to the various com- mittees and were acted upon accordingly by the said convention, dealing with such sub- jects as: Universal Label Insignia, Union Label League Affiliation, Union Label, Shop Card and Button, Labor Press, The American Federationist, A. F. of L. Weekly News Service and Union Industries Shows.
A very complete and concise report was made with reference to the exhibit at the Cleve- land show. This exhibit was one of the largest and occupied one of the most conspicuous locations in the huge Public Auditorium in the city of Cleveland, Ohio.
The ""report of the Executive Board mentions the outstanding exhibit of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America which proved to be very popular. Valuable prizes were awarded to the winners by the Carpenters District Council of Cleveland, Ohio in a guessing contest— which required on-lookers to estimate the number of nails in a transparent plastic barrel.
The fifth AFL Union Industries Show will be held in the Convention Hall, May 6-13, 1950 at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
All the incumbent officers were elected for the ensuing year, which are as follows:
Matthew WoU, President
John J. Mara, First Vice-President
Joseph McCurdy, Second Vice-President
James M. Duffy, Third Vice-President
Herman Winter, Fourth Vice-President
Dave Beck, Fifth Vice-President
I. M. Ornburn, Secretary-Treasurer.
Respectfully submitted,
M. A. HUTCHESON
TED KENNY
Delegates.
^n 0itxnnvisctn
Not lost to those that love them, Not dead, just gone before;
They still live in our memory, And will forever more
%tsii in l^entt
Th* Editor has been requested to publish the names 0f the following Brothers who have passed away.
AUGUST ANDERSON, L. U. 1606, Omaha,
Nebr. N. BAARDSEN, L. U. 740, Brooklyn, N. Y. CHRIST BECK, L. U. 81, Erie, Pa. BRUNO T. BENGTSON, L. U. 488, New York,
N. Y. EDWARD BILLASCH, L. U. 1367, Chicago, 111. LEON BILLHARZ, 298, New York, N. Y. HERMAN BOLLHARDT, 282, Jersey City, N. J. GEORGE BROUGHTON, L. U. 322, Niagara
Falls, N. Y. LELAND S. CASHWELL, L. U. 132, Washing.
ton, D. C. DAVID CHAROS, L. U. 488, New York, N. Y. J. O. DEBRUIN, L. U. 1683, El Dorado, Ark. ALBERT DENTON, L. U. 337, Detroit, Mich. BRUNO DRYER, L. U. 211, Pittsburgh, Pa. STEPHAN EBERLING, L. U. 282, Jersey City,
N. J. CHARLES ERICKSON, L. U. 366 N. Y., N. Y. JOHN F. FARRELL, L. U. 608, New York N. Y. JOHN FLINTOFF, L. U. 470, Tacoma, Wash. GUSTAVE A. FOSBERG, L. U. 2244, Little
Chute, Wis.
CHARLES E. FRANCIS, L. U. 101, Baltimore,
Md. ALEXANDER GALLOWAY, L. U. 1149, San
Francisco, Calif. MICHAEL P. GILLIS, L. U. 67, Boston, Mass. RUSSELL GOFF, L. U. 335. Grand Rapids,
Mich.
FRANK GOLDEN, L. U. 608, New York, N. Y. JOSEPH GOLDIS, L. U. 67, Boston, Mass. ARTHUR GREENING, L. U. 322, Niagara Falls,
N. Y. P. GREGERSON, L. U. 740, Brooklyn, N. Y. JOHN HARKINS, L. U. 808, Brooklyn, N. Y. WM. F. HATMAN, L. U. 749, Tombstone, Ariz. FRED JUST, L. U. 282, Jersey City, N. J. JOHN A. KENNEDY, L. U. 488, New York,
N. Y. JACOB KEPPEL, L. U. 462, Greensburg, Pa. HORACE A. KERSEY, L. U. 696, Tampa, Fla. H. KNOSP, L. U. 740, Brooklyn, N. Y. JOSEPH KOCH, L. U. 337, Detroit, Mich.
EDWARD KRIEDER, L. U. 584, New Orleans, La.
CARL KULLMANN, L. U. 282, Jersey City,
N. J. JAMES LASH, L. U. 142, Pittsburgh, Pa. J. M. LEWIS, L. U. 2061, Austin, Minn. T. J. LUCAS, L. U. 875, Panama City, Fl.a W. R. MCCULLOUGH, L. U. 1371, Gadsden,
Ala. EDWARD MANDEVILLE, L. U. 801, Woon-
socket, R. I. WALTER MASON, L. U. 101, Baltimore, Md. SAMUEL E. MASSON, L. U. 132, Washington,
D. C. DAVID MATTICE, L. U. 322, Niagara Falls,
N. Y. HANNES MATTSON, L. U. 488, New York,
N. Y. D. F. MILLISON, L. U. 268, Sharon, Pa. JAMES B. MOGEL, L. U. 1491, Royersford, Pa. HY MUENSTERMAN, L. U. 90, Evansville,
Ind. HERMAN OLSEN, L. U. 488, New York, N. Y. PAUL A. PANZER, L. U. 824, Muskegon,
Mich. EUGENE PATRY, L. U. 93, Ottawa, Ont.,
Canada NILS PETERSON, L. U. 298, New York, N. Y. GEORGE PORTER, L. U. 470, Tacoma, Wash. MEYER RIFKIN, L. U. 132, Washington, D. C. JOHN P. RINK, L. U. 261, Scranton, Pa. WILLIAM ROSS Jr., L. U. 298, New York,
N. Y. CHRIS SCHMIDT, L. U. 282, Jersey City, N. J. GUSTAVE SCHOBER, L. U. 808, Brooklyn,
N. Y. JOHN SEATER, L. U. 132, Washington, D. C. ALBERT SHEARD, L. U. 366, New York, N. Y. NATHAN SILVERMAN, L. U. 2288, Los An-
geles, Cal. PETER O. STARK, L. U. 1636, Whiting, Ind. TOM SWANSON, L. U. 488, New York, N. Y. MORRIS TAUBER, L. U. 608, New York, N. Y. HENRY J. THIELE, L. U. 165, Pittsburgh, Pa. GEORGE H. THOMAS, L. U. 165, Pittsburgh,
Pa. OLIE H. TYLER, L. U. 132, Washington, D. C. CHARLES A. VINTON, L. U. 268, Sharon, Pa. ARTHUR WELLS, L. U. 43, Hartford, Conn. J. EARL WIEGARD, L. U. 211, Pittsburgh, Pa.
30 THE CARPENTER
ANSWERS TO "THE LOCKER"
1. 60 degrees,
2. 15. The hjpotenuse is is the side of a triangle opposite the right angle.
3. Square. Oblong. Rhombus, Rhomboid. A parallelogram is a four-sided figiire whose opposite sides are parallel. A rhombus may be explained as a square \^Tecked out of shape. A rhomboid is an oblong similarly distorted,
4. 90 degrees. The 3 angles of aU triangles always total ISO degrees.
5. 12.
6. The Lou^"re— Paris, France. St. Mark's— Venice, Italy. The Taj Mahal— Agra, India. The Parthenon— Athens, Greece. The Alhambra— Granada, Spain. The Lou\Te was built as a royal palace and is now a museum. St. Mark's Cathedral is of t>-pical B^^zan- tine design. The Taj Mahal is a marble tomb, built for a sultan's wife around the year 1600. It is considered by many to be the most beautiful building in the world. The Parthenon is a former Greek temple built around 438 B. C. Like the Taj Mahal this is often cited as the perfection of architecture, and is Doric in st>"le. Tne Alham- bra, built around 1300, is t>-pical of Moorish design.
7. Bas-relief, (pronounced ba-rehef). Meaning low rehef or projection.
8. Doric. A Doric column generally has no base and the capital has no volutes or fohage.
9. The principle front or face.
10. Campanile. The Leaning Tower of Pisa was built as a campanile. The Metropohtan tower in New York is copied from St. Mark's campanile in Venice.
11. A batter wall slopes inward as in a retaining or sea waU.
12. A bench mark is a permanent check mark usually fixed by instruments. Height meas- urements are taken from it while the building is under construction.
13. Either a mason or bricklayer. Filling in masonn.^ joints is called pointing.
14. A hammer and cold chisel. A chase in a wall is a groove made to contain a pipe etc.
15. On the angle of the outside walls. The most usual form of quoin is a stone comer block set in a brick building.
16. One. A bareface tenon has one face flush with the surface of the rail.
17. Next below the top rail. CommorJy seen on so-called Colonial doors.
18. The cover plate. The part you remove to change the hand.
19. Sheathing which has the tongue and groove in the exact center. .Any face of the board may, be tiomed up and still have a flush surface.
20. A drawknife.
21. A square, pointed spike with a lug on one end. They are driven through the masonr\' joints and are commonly vised to secure do\\"nspouts or leaders.
22. On the exit doors of public buildings. Pressure on a horizontal bar automatically re- leases the bolt, providing quick and easy exit,
23. Soss. It is invisible when the door is closed.
24. A dowel screw has no head and is threaded on both ends.
25. A lock without a latch. The dead bolt secmres the door.
26. 10 feet by 20 feet. The width is one third the length of half the perimeter. This gives you 10 ft. Kno\%"ing that you know the rest.
27. 60 cents. 12 cents a cut for 5 cuts.
28. 900 s. ft. 33 ft. 4 ins. equals 33^3 feet. 33% is one third of 100. Multiply 2T by adding 2 zeros. Divide by 3 and there it is.
29. 5 per cent. One t\ventieth of the members are apprentices. One twentieth of 100 is 5.
30. 288 s. ins. 2 s. ft. is 2 s. ft. 2 feet square is 4 s. ft. Tfie difference is 2 s. ft. or 288 s. in.
The 64 DoUax Question This question should be in the Mental Arithmetic section. The space taken up by the grooves is 2^2 inches \%ide. From start to finish the needle moves in an almost straight line across the width of the grooves. Therefore the answer is 2^ inches.
CorrQspondQncQ
This Journal Is Not Responsible for Views Expressed by Correspondents. A GRAND GESTURE
(Reprinted from the St. Louis Labor Tribune)
A group of "freshmen" members of local unions affiliated with the St. Louis Carpenters District Council, is undertaking to raise $1,000 to provide "folding" money for retired "Old Grads" who live at the Carpenters Home at Lakeland, Florida. So that every member of the ten locals affiliated wdth the Council with its more than 7,000 members may know the reason for this fund, here is the story in sequence.
Last summer the Labor Tribune published a human interest story which later was widely reprinted. It concerned Herman Joern, age 85, a retired union Carpenter, who for the past ten years has been living at the Carpenters Home at Lakeland, Florida.
Joern visited St. Louis, attended union meeting, and made the rounds with various agents of the Carpenters Council to talk to the men on the job and renew acquaintances with some of tlie old-timers with whom he had worked.
The spry old veteran, who joined the union in its formulative years and underwent the struggles, the victories and the defeats which eventually gained the high wages and work- ing conditions the younger members who came after him are now enjoying, was a walking publicity man for the great un- ion which takes such good care of its members.
Joern told of the contentment and lei- surely existence that several hundred members in the sundown of life are hv- ing at the magnificent home in Florida. They virtually have everything they need except ready cash, spending money that is. Some of the members have some money in the bank and some have other minor sources of income, having man- aged to save something for the "rainy day" through sober, frugal living. Otliers were not that fortunate. While some get social security in limited amounts, the payments are meager because they reached the age of retirement in the early years of the act. Joern, incidental- ly is among tlie fortunate group who can jingle coins in their pockets. However, there are others who are not in that good situation.
Some weeks ago a group of young- sters in the Carpenters organization here were discussing Joern and the Lakeland "Dick" Adams who is a friend of Joern Adams mentioned that
Labor Tribune Photo
It was a grand night for the old-timers down at the Carpenters Home for retired members at Lake- land, Florida, as St. Louis Carpenters tallied up gifts to provide the fellows w^ith some "Christmas money" for "smokin's" and other items they might need. Here's the group with the sizeable stacks of "Greenbacks" and silver ready to send to Florida. Seated, left to right, are: St. Louis Carpenters District Council Agents Roy Krehmeyer and D. Richard "Dick" Adams, Pete Singer counting the money, and Leo Miller. Standing, left to right, are: Carpenters District Business Agents Henry Wein- reich and William McDaniel and Secretary-Treas- urer Erwin C. Meinert.
Home with Business Representative D. Richard and took him along on his daily routine when he visited the city while most of the old-timers at the Home had some source of "folding money" Joern told him that there were others who had no cash income whatever. Adams suggested it would be a splendid gesture on the part of St. Louis members to raise a purse to help such indi- gent old-timers who like to go to town occasionally with a httle cash in their pockets.
32 THE CARPENTER
Because he was thoroughly famihar with the personal idios}"ncracies and financial needs of brothers at the Home, Joem was contacted bj' Adams and agreed to distribute such a fund according to needs and personal directions of his fellow guests.
A four-man committee consisting of Adams, Leo Miller and Pete Singer, of Local Xo. 5, and Kenneth Snyder of Local 47, the last three in their 20's and recent graduated apprentices, thought it would be a fine gesture to raise a "Idtt^^" for these old timers %vho paved the smooth road for them and other yoimgsters in the movement. A goal of $1,000 was set. Sohcitations were made at some meetings and the response was generous. .Although attendance at this time of the year is unusually low because of the proximity" of the holi- days, a httle over one-fourth of the" stated objective was reached. At one meeting, 22 mem- bers donated S22.
The committee decided to make its supreme effort at the coming Called Quarterly meetings which are held in January- when attendance in some unions is compulsor>'. All members of the 10 Carpenter Locals affihated ^^ith tlie St. Louis Carpenters District Council who \vt]1 attend these meetings, \^"ill be asked to contribute something, and show the old veterans that the younger members are grateful to them for their pioneering.
From your hoHday donations resen'e a Httle loose change for the old-timers at Lakeland and make them aware of the fact that the boys in St. Lotiis remember even the least of them in the spirit of true brotherhood. That's the best way of viishing those old-timers who have so little time left a "Happy" and "Prosperous" 1950.
•
MT. VERNON, N. Y., LOCAL >LAEIKS 60th MILESTONE
Saturday evening, October 29th. Tvom Hall. Mt. Vernon, New York, was decked out in its finest as Local Union No. 493 of that cit\' celebrated the sixtieth anniversary' of its founding wth a gala dinner dance. Some 430 members, famihes, and friends were on hand to make the event a memorable one.
It was away back in 1889 that a group of dissatisfied carpenters in the ^■icinit^• decided that something should be done about their miserable wages and working conditions. The result was formation of a local union. Todav's comparatively fine wages and working con- ditions are in a large part the result of that union's efforts; which accounts for the pride which all members felt as they celebrated the union's sixtieth birthday.
Brother Nils Larson acted as toastmaster for the occasion and he did a ven,- credi- table job. Charles W. Hanson, president of the New York Cit\" District Council extended greetings from the General OfBce as well as from the membership of his council. He also paid a nice tribute to the pensioners and their wives who were able to be present. Robert Bowker, President of the Westchester County District Council also ex-tended greetings and hoped that all locals would eventuallv be able to hold a similar affair. Following a splendid- turkev dinner with all the trimmings, dancing was enjoyed until a late hour.
Chairman Larson thanked entertainment committee members J. Alexander, F. Bates, M. J. Warren. J. L. Corcione, J. A. Reinhardt, D. Rose, A. Hamilton. W. Weir, C. T. Letson. A. \'acca, R. Barletta, and J. McElroy, as well as S. Nolan, for their fine coopera- tion in making the celebration the great success it was.
•
PL-EBLO -\L\RKS GOLDEN JUBILEE
On Sunda}\ September 18th, Local Union No. 362, Pueblo, Colo., celebrated its Golden Jubilee with a mammoth barbecue and picnic at Cit}' Park PaviHon. Some 250 friends, members and guests were on hand to help the union mark the completion of its first half centurv of progress. Food and refreshments abounded and if anyone attending failed to have a good time it was entirely his own fault.
Honored guest of the event was Brother Sylvester De Spain, only remaining charter member of Local No. 362. As a slight token of appreciation for his long and honorable record, Brother DeSpain was presented with an honorarium of Fi£t\' Dollars— a dollar for each vear he has been a member of the union. Wilharn Zittle, President of the union, acted as master of ceremonies. Guest speaker was R. E. Roberts, General Executive Board Member. Following the excellent barbecue, the picture "The Carpenters' Home," pro- duced under authorization of the General Executive Board and showing the Lakeland home in operation, was presented to the audience which found it extremely interesting.
Following a program of entertaiimient, dancing was enjoved by young and old until midnight. .All departed with a feeHng of well being and a sense of pride in tl^e accom- phshments of Local Union No. 362.
THE CARPENTER 33
AN UNUSUAL TRIBUTE Recently Local Union No. 246, New York City received an unusual letter from Brother H. E. Nelson, Recording Secretary of Local Union No. 299, Union City, N. J. Since it is self-explanatory it needs no comment and is herewith reprinted in full:
LOCAL UNION No. 299 Union City, New Jersey
Local Union No. 246, New York, N. Y.
Dear Sirs and Brothers:
We believe this letter is unusual, but it merits the attention of your local.
The members who are employed by Whitebow on Lever Brothers job at Edgewater, N. J. wish to congratulate your local for the manner in which the foreman, Brotlier S. P. Afte of 7001 Ridge Boulevard, Brooklyn, is conduct- ing the activities of the men on this job. He is familiar with the work and keeps a watchfuU eye to see that other trades do not take over work that be- longs to our organization.
We highly recommend him as a square shooter.
Fraternally yours,
H. E. Nelson
EVANSVILLE HONORS ITS APPRENTICES
To honor the fine group of young men taking apprenticeship training, the Evansville, Indiana, Carpenters Joint Apprenticeship Committee on the night of August 10 sponsored a testmonial dinner at Carpenters Hall. With a host of school officials, management rep- resentatives, and officers and members of Local Union No. 90 present, the evening proved to be a great success. It is the hope of the committee that this will prove to be the first of many similar annual affairs.
Speakers during the evening included: Ralph Becker, Superintendent of PubUc Instruc- tion; Athur Eberlin, Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce; Tom Hutson, Indiana Labor Commissioner; Cecil Shuey, United Brotherhood International Representative; and ElUott French, Field Supervisor, Bureau of Apprenticeship, U. S. Dept. of Labor. Four grad- uating apprentices— Chester Deutsch, W. C. Wink, D. K. Wedeking and A. L. Koester— received their journeymen's certificates with appropriate ceremonies. Able speakers, fine food and plenty of good fellowship all contributed to the great success of the evening.
CALGARY LOCAL FETES AFL DELEGATES
Local Union 1770 of Calgary, Alberta wishes to take this opportunity to thank General President William L. Hutcheson for the loan of the films, "This is Our Brotherhood" and "Carpenter's Home."
The pictures were showm on the occasion of a chicken supper given to the Carpenter Delegates, and 2nd Vice-President John Stevenson, and Executive Board member Arthur Martell who were attending the 64th Annual Convention of the Trades and Labor Con- gress of Canada.
The occasion was marked by the presentation of a Tam-O-Shanter to Vice-President John Stevenson, by Brother Muit Charlton, President of Local 1779. The members of Local 1779 realized that Brother Stevenson would very much appreciate this small symbol of his native Scotland, especially when he has been so long removed from such things in his land of adoption.
Vice-President Stevenson and Honorable Humphrey Mitchell, Minister of Labor for Canada, gave short addresses before the films were shown. It is the hope of all who saw the picture to have it shown to every Local Union in tliis part of Canada. We consider it the type of education necessary to cement the bond of fellowship already existing in our Brotherhood. Many of the younger members of the Brotherhood may tlius be made to reaUze the value of remaining a member in good standing.
34
THE CARPENTER
Following the showing of the films, a dance was held to round out the evening. It is the belief and hope of aU the members of Local 1779 that all of our guests had a pleasant time in Calgary and we wish to see them all again sometime soon.
CHICAGO BROTHER FINDS ISRAEL UP AND COMING
Late last summer some fift)--five trade union delegates left Newark Airport for a three weeks tour of the world's yoimgest democratic nation— Israel. The trip was made at the invitation of Histudrat, IsraeU labor movement. Among the Americans making the trip was Brother Charles Holzman, business agent, Local Union No. 1539, Chicago. Upon his return to tlie United States, Brother Holzman had a very interesting story to tell of heroic eflFort being made by the working people of Israel to build a sohd and democratic nation on the American pattern.
Over ninety per cent of the workers and farmers of Israel belong to Histudrat, the Israel Federation of Labor, Brother Holzman reported.
In its twenty-five year history Histudrat has done a remarkable job of improving wages and conditions. Arabs and Jews ahke belong to the organization and are eligible to hold office. Farmers are likewise ehgible to belong. Particularly the Arabs have bene- fited through the efforts of the union. From virtual slaves working for a few cents a day they have been elevated to free and inde- pendent union workmen getting from six to eight dollars per day.
According to Brotlier Holzman, Histudrat takes fine care of its members. Hospitali- zation and sick benefits tide members over unfortunate periods. The Union provides vocational courses, leadership courses, kinder- gartens and elementary schools, and even sports clubs. Paid vacations have been estab- lished throughout most of industry. Democ- racy is the foundationstone of the union. In less than a year, some 280,000 immigrants, mostly from European DP camps were integrated into the Israel society.
Brother Holzman sums up his whole iinpression of Israel in a few words; "The people want to build a country as much like the United States as possible."
Charles Holzman, business agent, Local Union No. 1539, Chicago, (left) presents a gold plaque to Israeli acting president Joseph Shprinzak (right), while a veteran of the Israeli army from Motele, Russia, the birthplace of president Chaim Weitz- man, looks on (center). Shrinzak was for- merly secretary of the Israeli Federation - of Labor.
HOUSTON LOCAL PAYS TRIBUTE TO GREAT OLD TIMER
Local Union No. 213, Houston, Texas, recently paid tribute to one of its grand old members who has chalked up an emdable record in the labor movement. The member so honored was Brother J. H. White.
Brother White joined the United Brotherhood at the age of nineteen at Paducah, Kentucky. That was away back in 1904. Since then he has maintained continuous membership. Today he is still one of the most active union men in the southwest. He works every day and keeps up \\ath men who are many years his junior. His ad\ice and council on union matters hold the respect of all union people in the territory. In a recent letter to "The Carpenter," Fred Lucas, Recording Secretary of Local No. 213, said of Brother ^^'hite: "Former President J. C. Sparks, Sr., joins me in commending Brother White as one of the best members of organized labor that we have had the pleasure of coming in contact with."
Brother J. H. WHITE
THE CARPENTER
35
BATTLE CREEK LOCAL AND AUXILIARY HONOR THEIR LONG TIME MEMBERS
On Saturday, October 29th, in the presence of some 250 members, guests, and friends of Carpenters Local No. 871 and Auxihary No. 42, Battle Creek, Mich., a fried chicken dinner with all the trimmings was served in Carpenters' Hall. The Hall was decorated in a Halloween motif by members of Auxiliary No. 42. At this time, special tribute was paid to twenty-two members of Local No. 871 who have held continuous membership for twenty years or more, and to six members of Auxiliary No. 42 who have held continuous membership for twenty-five years or longer.
Troy L. Shook, Business Agent and Financial Secretary, acted as Master of Ceremonies and presented these members with pins of the United Brotherhood, and pictures of the group. Music was fiu-nished for tliose who wanted to dance by a committee composed of Brother Charles Holcomb and Brother Ivan Oberg. Party arrangements were made by ihe following committees: Local No. 871— Anton Ramon, George Wedig, and Troy Shook; Auxiliary No. 42— Mrs. Pauline Eisinger, Mrs. Albert Hickman, and Mrs. Fred Reams.
Pictured above, seated left to right: Mr. and Mrs. Joe Karlovsky 31 years; Mrs. Rose Eager 29 years; Mr. and Mrs. Fred Reams 32 years; Mr. and Mrs. Russell Galbreath 30 years; Ed Willis 32 years; Mr. and Mrs. Ed Eisinger 31 years; Mr. and Mrs. James Mit- chell; and Art Jenison 25 years. Standing left to right: Burley Gault 23 years; Glenn Tap- pan 22 years; George Spriggs 32 years; Harry Forsythe 33 years; George Dodge 25 years; Martin Karlovsky 32 years; Charles Aurand 33 years; Harry Berge 40 years; Troy L. Shook 21 years; Edward Hansen 29 years; John Frey 23 years; Roy Harlan 31 years; and John Fuller 35 years. Two members were not present due to illness: Link A. Fruin 42 years and Byran Hoyt 40 years.
CARPENTERS COME TOUGH
If any proof is needed that carpenters are rugged, hardy individuals. Brother George Amos Rice of Local Union 470, Tacoma, Wash., supplies it with the accompanying photo- graph. Eighty-one years old and a member of United Broth- erhood since 1900, Brother Rice is still an ardent skier. To any skier that statement is enough, but to tliose who are not acquainted with the waxed boards, it is no exaggeration to say that skiing is one of the most rugged sports in existence. When e\er anyone will take him, Brother Rice can be found zipping down the snowy slopes of Mount Rainier. Now a pensioned member. Brother Rice farms four acres of raspberries in tlie Puyallup Valley.
36
THE CARPENTER
ILLINOIS CARPENTERS GO BACK TO SCHOOL
Late in November, some forty representatives of organized labor in Illinois gathered at Champaign-Urbana for an intensive two-day conference on central body activities spon- sored by tlie Institute of Industrial Relations of the University of IlHnois. Object of tlie
Carpenters attending the Conference on Central Labor Union Activties at the L^niver- sity of Illinois pose with E. L. PhilUps, (left) of the University Institute of Labor and In- dustrial Relations. They are: R. H. Hanson, Local No. 181, Chicago; Wm. Archdeacon, Local No. 44, Urbana; and Stanley Johnson, Chicago District Counci!, who also ser\'ed as consultant to the committee of legislation.
conference was to study ways and means of increasing the effectiveness of central bodies in such important union matters as public relations, community activities, political action, labor education, and cooperation with state schools. Several members of the United Brotli- erhood were among those attending the sessions.
SAN RAFAEL DEDICATES BEAUTIFUL NEW HOME
Some sixt>'-eight years ago a small group of progressi\"e carpenters got together in San Rafael, Cal., for tlie purpose of forming a union to combat abominable wages and
THE CARPENTER
87
working conditions that existed at that time. Within a few weeks they recieved their charter from the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America. Through booms, depressions, war and peace that local union they founded has expanded and grown until today Local Union No. 35 stands as one of the most respected labor organ- izations on tlie Pacific Coast. The way was not always easy but the Union never backed up. All the original old timers are now gone, but the seeds of unionism they planted are still bearing much fruit.
On Saturday, November 5th, San Rafael Local Union No. 35 reached a monentous milestone when it officially dedicated its beautiful new home. Located on Lindaro Street, the union's new building is a masterpiece of modern construction. The fact that the members turned out to do the work in building it adds considerably to their pride of ownership.
Featuring a meeting hall large enough to seat 600, the home provides every facility for efficient conduct of the union's business.
Opening with a joint meeting of Local Union No. 35 and Ladies Auxiliary, the dedi- catory ceremonies got under way at two p. m. Numerous distinguished guests from both within and without the ranks of organized labor were on hand to help make the occasion a grand success. In the evening a dance was held in the new hall. Free refreshments added greatly to the pleasure of all. It was a late hour when the party was over and everyone departed proud of Local Union No. 35 and its new home.
ELGIN, ILL., LOCAL CELEBRATES 50th BIRTHDAY
Local No. 363, Elgin, Illinois, held a picnic in honor of its 50th Anniversary, September 17, 1949, at Niss Park, two miles east of Elgin.
Attendance was near the three hundred mark. Included were friends and guests of the organization, which was founded September 4, 1889 by ten charter members, all of whom are now deceased. The oldest living member present on this occasion was the elevendi to join the organization. He is Henry Krumnfusz residing at 101 So. Liberty Street, Elgin, 111. He was introduced and presented with
a fine black calfskin billfold containing IBHIHHH^ ^1
a check for $50.00 in behalf of his long years of membership. He served as pres- ident of the Local for several terms and had filled all other offices of the Union except that of financial secretary.
There are also within the organization twelve members with thirty or more years service, who with Brother Krumn- fusz have watched the Union progress to shorter working hours, better Labor- Management relations, negotiated con- tracts, increased wages and the many ad- vantages to all labor. The encouraging
of the apprentice program has resulted in the graduation of approximately fifty Apprentice Carpenters within the last three years. Community interests and public welfare have always been met with the fullest cooperation by the Union.
Among the many friends and guests who were present and introduced was George Ottens, President of the Illinois State Council of Carpenters, who gave a short address commending the Local for its splendid turnout and its prevailing good fellowship, and praising the organization for its steady growth and good will.
Activities of the afternoon included several ball games, horse shoe pitching contests, music and singing and other entertainment promoted by Chairman Victor Swanson and his committee. Part of the success of the day was a chicken dinner and tlie awarding of an attendance prize.
A colored motion picture was taken of the entire picnic to be shown to members at a later meeting.
WARM SPRINGS AUXILLARY BUILDS COMMUNITY SPIRIT
The Editor:
Holiday greetings and best wishes to all Sister Auxiliaries from Ladies Auxiliarj' No. 514, Warm Springs, Ore.
On October 8. 1949, we celebrated our first anniversar>\ There are about 40 members in our Auxiliary' and our activities are varied. We meet the 1st and ord Thursday evenings. The first is our biisiness meeting and the other our social, preceded by a short business session when necessar>".
On the 4th Saturday night of each month we ser."e a luncheon to the rnen of Local Union 2941, Lumber and Sa\^Tmll Workers, following their meeting. We usually tr>- to ha\'e some form of entertainment for them.
Being 13 miles from towTi we are fortunate in having a lovely (to usj hall. Shadow Haven, built by the men of this sa\^Tnill camp less than a year ago. It is bus>- ever>^ day of the week and is headquarters for communit>' acti\ities.
This past summer our Auxiliary- sponsored a Softball team for its members and they en- joyed a most successful season. At present we have a ladies basketball team which we play- ers and sponsors hope \%ill enjoy the same success. Besides sponsoring the athletic teams we recently voted to sponsor a Cub Scout Pack in conjunction with L. U. 2941, which is sponsoring a Boy Scout troop (No. 38; and enjo>ing wonderfiil success as this troop is one of the finest in this entire area.
We gave to the Communit>' Chest and are planning a Christmas program again this year, complete with Santa, for the enjo>-ment of all the >"oung and old kids.
We recently ga%'e a rummage sale, and we have dances, card parties, food baskets, etc.
The members of Au.xihar>- 514 will enjoy hearing from other AuxiHaries and would like a chance to challenge them in a game of basketball.
' Fraternally,
Marjories Lewis, Pubhcit>' Chairman.
SANTA CRUZ LADIES FORM AUXILL\RY
The Editor:
Greetings to all Auxiliaries from newlv organized Au\iliar\' No. 532. of Santa Cruz, Calif.
We have 18 charter members. At our first meeting, we initiated 2 members. At the present time, we are conducting a membership drive and ui\ite all wi\'es of Carpenters' Union No. 829 to join us as members.
Our first Officers were installed in September who were: President, Irene Combs; Vice-President, Lee Polstein: Recording secretar%% Marian Pryor; Financial Secretar>', Eunice Raiche; Conductress, Eveh-n Eaton; Warden, Francis Jensen; Trustees, Agatha Limandri, C. A. Reis and Jean McMahan.
We meet the first and third Mondays at the I. O. O. F, Hall in Santa Cruz. After each meeting, we ser\"e refreshments to the men of Local 829.
A Christmas partv will be gi\-en on December 19, 1949. for the famihes of Carpenters' Local 829.
We would enjoy hearing from Sister Auxiliaries and would appreciate any helpful suggestions they could give us.
Fraternally,
Marian Pr."or, Recording Secretary
THE CARPENTER 89
SANTA MONICA AUXILIARY GROWING FAST
The Editor:
This is our first communication with our Sister organizations.
We were organized last April, the Van Nuys Auxiliary having conducted the installation.
Our Auxiliary is now a fast-growing and active group with 45 members.
In August, we had a lovely picnic at Lake Enchanto. On October 29, we held our first annual Bazaar and dinner, which was a grand success, giving us a lot of assurance and confidence.
We meet every second and fourth Friday at the Local hall. The second meeting of the month is followed by some social activity. We feel we are very fortunate in having some very musical talent in our group which has provided a lot of entertainment.
The men of our Local 1400 have done so much to make a real Auxiliary group for us.
A glance into the Crystal Ball tells us of much work to be done in the coming year and also of many good times.
Fraternally,
Carolyn Matejeck, Secretary
Ladies' Auxiliary No. 538
•
McALESTER AUXILIARY SPONSORS WINNING QUEEN
The Editor:
Greetings from Ladies' Auxiliary No. 423 of McAlester, Oklahoma.
We were reorganized March 12, 1947. Our membership is small but we are very active.
Each year since our reorganization, we have sent delegates to the Oklahoma State Council of Auxiliaries Convention. The President of our Auxiliary, Mrs. Virginia Self, who was our delegate this year, was elected Recording Secretary at the State Convention which convened at Tulsa, Oklahoma, September 12, 1949.
We meet every first and third Monday nights of the month at the Labor Temple.
We have had Christmas parties and several covered dish suppers for our members and their families.
Our Sunshine Fund is used for cards and flowers for our members. We have contributed to the Red Cross, March of Dimes and we plan to contribute to the Iron Lung Fund which is sponsored by the local P. T. A. Council.
Our Auxiliary and Carpenters' Local No. 986 sponsored a "Queen" in the Golden Anniversary celebration of McAlester. Our Queen won the title of "Miss McAlester" along with a trip to Hollywood, Calif., and many wonderful gifts.
To increase our treasury, we have held rummage sales and we are now selling chances on a chenille bedspread.
We read and enjoy "The Carpenter" and find many helpful ideas from other AuxiUary letters.
Best wishes to our Sister Auxiliaries.
Fraternally,
Mrs. Lorene Morrow, Recording Secretary
NAPA AUXILIARY OFF TO A FINE START
The Editor:
Greetings to all Sister Auxiliaries from Auxiliary No. 544, of Napa, Calif.
We are a newly organized Auxiliary. Installation of oflBcers for 1949-50 was held in July in the Labor Temple at Napa, Calif.
With the addition of four new members at the meeting, the membership roll hit the 56 mark. Officers installed were: Francis Luntey, President; Edna Hatmaker, Vice-Presi- dent; Rose Hulce, Secretary; Rena Hansen, Financial Secretary and Treasurer; Pearl Dim- mick. Conductor; Mabel Breshears, Warden; Melba Krenke, Opal Lake and Mary Schoon- maker. Trustees.
Mrs. Dan Wickman of the Sonoma Auxiliary was the installing officer for the ceremonies, which were held in a hall decorated with varied colored gladioli and other garden flowers.
All of us read and enjoy "The Carpenter" very much.
Fraternally,
Mrs. Bemice Hiserman, Pubhcity Chairman
Craft ProblQms
Carpentry
By H. H. Siegele
LESSON 256
Other Irregular Plan Roofs.— It should be stated that the irregular plans that are used in this lesson were chosen, not because they are much in use, but because they make possible different applications of the principles involved. The truth is that the principles of irregular plan roof framing must be adapted to whatever design the roof framer finds himself confronted with, just as he must do in regular roof framing. The method used here for obtaining the points with which the edge bevels for hips, valleys, and jacks are made, will apply on any kind of hip or valley roof. The only
Fig. 1
reason that the different designs are given is to show the different results that the different applications bring out. The roof framer should make diagrams, such as are shown here, letting inches on the square equal feet in the plan, or he might use some other convenient scale. This is the most practical way to obtain the points to be used on the square.
Right Angle to Plate.— A thing that often puzzles the beginner, and sometimes the journeyman, in irregular plan roof framing, is the position the common and jack rafters are placed in, with regard to the plates. Fig. 1 shows an irregular roof plan. Here the hips are pointed out, and three one- line common rafters, presumed to be in
place, are indicated with the letters, C.R., standing for common rafter. The three squares are in position showing that the common and jack rafters, in plan, are
c
set at a right angle to the plates, as the tongues show.
Edge Bevel for Hips.— Fig. 2 shows the left end of the diagram shown in Fig. 1, with the square applied to the run of the
Fig. 3
upper left hip. (The scale, in these dia- grams, as mentioned before, is one inch on the square equals one foot on the plan.) Now extend the edge line of the tongue to point B, or a little beyond, and the edge
THE CARPENTER
41
line of the blade to the rafter length, as shown by dotted line. The rise is 9 inches to the foot, as shown. The diagonal dotted line from 9 on the tongue to the corner of the deck, is the length of the hip rafter. With a compass, transfer this rafter length to the extended line of the blade, as shown. Draw the dotted line between A and B in line with the small end of the deck. Where
this line intersects with the extended line of the tongue, is tlie point giving the length of the tangent. Draw the dotted line from B to C— also the dotted line representing the tangent, parallel with tlie tongue of the square and in line with the point giving the rafter length. Complete the triangle by drawing the line from C to the corner of
the deck. To obtain the edge bevel for the hip where it fits the deck, take the rafter length on tlie blade, and the tan- gent on the tongue— the rafter length will give the bevel. It is apparent that the tongue is not long enough to hold the tan- gent, so by dividing both the rafter length and the tangent by 2, the figures will be reduced so that the square will hold them.
Another Way.-Fig. 3 shows the same end of the diagram, but the application of the square is different. Here the side line of the deck is extended, as shown by dotted line, until it contacts the extended tongue hne. The rafter length is trans- ferred with the compass, as in the other case. The other lines are then drawn in as explained in Fig. 2, since the principle is the same. While the rafter length and the tangent will give the edge bevel for the hip, in this case the run is taken on the blade of the square, and point A on the tongue— the blade will give the bevel. The bevel in both of these illustrations is exactly the same. The difference is all in the place where tlie square has been ap- plied—everything else is the same. Study Figs. 2 and 3.
Still Another Way.-Fig. 4 shows the wide end of the roof diagram, with the
square applied to the hip run. Here again, the side line of the deck is extended until it contacts die extended tongue line. The rafter length is transferred to the extended blade line, as in the other two cases. The rafter length and the tangent will give the bevel. The edge bevel can also be obtained by taking the run on the blade, and the
H. H.SIEGELE'S BOOKS
QUICK CONSTRUCTION.— Covers hundreds of prac- tical building problems, has 256 p. and 686 11. $2.50
BUILDING.— Has 220 p. and 531 il.. covering form building, garages, finishing, stair building, etc. $2.50.
ROOF FRAMING.— 175 p. and 437 il. Roof framing complete. Other problems, including saw filing. $2.50.
CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.— Has 159 p., 426 11., covering concrete work, form building, screeds, rein- forcing, scaffolding, other temporary construction. $2.50
CARPENTRY.— Has 302 p., 754 11., covering general house carpentry, estimating and other subjects. $2.50.
BUILDING TRADES DICTIONARY.— Has 380 p.. 670 11., and about 7,000 building trade terms. $3.00.
You can't go wrong if you buy this whole set.
THE FIRST LEAVES.— Poetry. Only $1.00.
TWIGS OF THOUGHT.— Poetry. Only $1.00.
FREE. — With 3 books, one poetry book free, with 5 books, two, and with 6 books, three. (With less than 3 books, one of the poetry books for only 50 cents. )
Books autographed. Five-day Money-back guarantee.
Postpaid only when full amount comes with order. Ordtp u U CI E*/^ 171 F 222So.Conit.St. tuday. ■■■ ■■■ Oltlattt Emporia, Kama* QUANTITIES — 12 or more books 2a<^ off, f.o.b. Chicago
42
THE CARPENTER
distance between the heel and point C, on the tongue. In both cases the blade will give the edge bevel. The figures can be made still more convenient, by pulling the square back until tlie figure 12 comes to point B, then 12 on the blade and point A on the tongue, shown by dotted lines, will give the bevel— mark along the blade. Edge Bevel for Jacks.— Fig. 5 shows the wide end of the roof plan, with the square applied for obtaining the points witli which
CARPENTERS HANDBOOK
consists of short bui practical rules for laying out roofs, ceil- ings, hoppers, stairs and arches nith tables of board measure, length of common, hip, valley and lack rafters, square meas- ure, etc. — also, rules for kerf- ing, laying off gambrel roof and explaining the steel square. Money back if not satisfied
SI. 00 postpaid
D. A. ROGERS
5344 Clinton Ave. Minneapolis 9, Minn.
the edge bevel for the jacks is made. The diagonal distance between 9 and 12 is the rafter length. This length is transferred with the compass to the extended blade line, as shown by the dotted part-circle.
Fig. 7 The tongue is long enough in this case to take the tangent. The other lines are drawn as in the otlier cases. Now tlie rafter length on the blade, and the tangent on the ton- gue will give the edge bevel for the jacks.
Fig. 8 The same bevel can be obtained by taking the run on the blade and the point where the diagonal line crosses the edge of the tongue. The blade will give the bevel. The principle here again is the same as in the other cases.
Edge Bevel for Valleys.— Fig. 6 shows a roof plan with a dull angle, where a
THE CARPENTER
43
valley rafter is to be placed. The side of the roof is extended, as shown by dotted line, until it contacts the extended tongue line, which is also shown by dotted line. In this case the rise shown is 12 inches. The lencfth of the rafter is transferred from
Fig. 9
this point to the extended blade line, as shown by the dotted part-circle. Now the rafter length and the tangent will give the edge bevel— the rafter length giving the bevel. The principle here is the same as in all the other cases previously explained. Study the diagram until you understand it.
fter Length --7^2_-- '*■
Fig. 10
Edge Bevel for Valley Jacks.— Fig. 7 shows how to obtain the edge bevel for valley jacks joining the valley rafter dealt with in Fig. 6. The rise is 12 inches, mak- ing it a half pitch roof. The process is the same as in the Other cases. The rafter
length and the tangent give the edge bevel —the former giving the bevel. Study the drawing.
Edge Bevel for Sharp Angle Valleys.—
Fig. 8 shows how to obtain the points for marking the edge bevel of valley rafters for a sharp angle, such as shown. The principle is the same as in the other cases. The rafter length and the tangent will give the edge bevel— the former giving the bev- el.
HOW TO CUT RAFTERS
/f'sneu;..NOW
New vest pocket books gives lengths, side cuts, plumb cuts, deductions, for all raf- ters any building from one inch to fortj- feet wide. Gives numbers to cut on square. All standard pitches from 1%" to 12 up to 171/2 and 12 rise. Any one can frame a roof with this great book. Just open book to your pitch page and there in plain print is your lengths cuts and deductions for any pitched roof. Also gives how to figure elevations. How to figure lumber. How to lay out window and door open- ings. Written by Harry (Dad) Blpam and it's a dandy. Price only $2.00 each.
AT LAST! . -
"DADS" STAIR CARRIAGE, STRINGER LAYOUTS.
THE BOOK OF THE CEXTURT: Its a simplified stair builders manual; Its a lay out book for carpenters that want a simple way to lay out stair carriages and stringers. Just plain talk with illustrations that a worker can under- stand. No trigonometry, obtuse angles or other high flut- ing talk. Not written for a stair builder, but rather for the man who has little time to throw up a stair carriage and trot along with his other work, simple, concise, and practical. THE BEST FOR THE MONEY. 72 pages, size 4% s eVa inches. Its a dandy says every one that has it. Price $2.00. This is another of "Dad Bleam's Books."
BUILDERS' TOPICS
1512 Market St. Seattle 7, Wash.
44
THE CARPENTER
Edge Bevel for Valley Jacks.— Fig. 9 shows how to obtain the points for mark- ing the edge bevel for the valley jacks joining a sharp angle valley rafter. The principle again is exactly the same as in all the otlier cases shown. The student is asked to work it out. The run of this roof diagram is 12 feet, which is true of all the other roof diagrams shown in this les- son.
A Detail.— Fig. 10 shows the principle of obtaining the points for marking the edge
Full Length Roof Framer
A pocket size book with the EX- TIRE length of Common-Hip-Valley and Jack rafters completely worked out for you. The flattest pitch is V2 inch rise to 12 inch run. Pitches in- crease ^2 inch rise each time until the steep pitch of 2 4" rise to 12" run is reached.
There are 2400 widths of build- ings for each pitch. The smallest width is % inch and they increase 14" each time until they cover a 50 foot building.
There are 2400 Commons and 2400 Hip, Valley & Jack lengths for each pitch. 230,400 rafter lengths for 48 pitches.
A hip roof is 48'-9^" wide. Pitch is 7I2" rise to 12" run. You can pick out the length of Commons, Hips and Jacks j^- ^y^ MINUTE Let us prove it, or return your money.
Getting the lengths of rafters by the span and the iHiethod of setting up the tables is fully pro- tected by the 1917 &. 1944 Copyrights.
Price $2.50 Postpaid. If C. O. D. pay $2.85.
Californians Add 8c. Money back privilege.
Canadians use Money Orders.
A. RIECHERS
p. O. Box 405
Palo Alto. Calif.
bevels in this lesson, applied to a regular hip roof with a 12-foot run and a 12-foot rise. With the square in position A, the drawing is completed as in the other cases. Then if the square were pushed forward to position B, the rafter length and the tangent (the distance between point 1 and the heel of the square) will give the edge be^'el. In position A, 17 and point 2, will give the bevel, while in position C, 12 and point 3 wnll give the edge bevel. The blade in each of these cases will give the bevel.
WANTS TO KNOW
By H. H. Siegele
A reader wants to know how to lay out stringers for \^'inding stairs. Since both stair horses and skirt boards are often called string- ers, I will illustrate both. The caution given in a previous article about winders, should
Fig. 1
be kept in mind here. Fig. 1 shows at the bottom right a plan of a three-step flight of winders. To the left are shown foiu: straight steps. The winders are numbered 1, 2, 3, and the straight steps are numbered 4, 5, 6 and 7. These nimibers are the same
bOl'«
'"■' %rt /^ HANG THAT DOOR G^^ /^THE PROFESSIONAL WAY!
Makes a clean-cut, deeply-etched profile on door. Remove chips. Repeat operation on jamb. Hang doorl Xo adjustments. No fussing. Precision made. Drop-forged, heat-treated steel. Comes in 3", 3J" (Std) sizes.
ONLY $1.75 ea. — $3.50 a pair (any two) — $5.25 complete set of three. If dealer can't supply, send only $1.00 -with order and pay postman balance plus post- age C. O. D. In Canada, .25c higher per order. Xo C. O. D. State sizes wanted.
USERS PRAISE HIGHLY
"Really a help for the 'old hands' and almost a 'must' (or the new boys."
S. H. GloTer Cincinnati, Ohio
"The greatest help in hanging doors I hare ever seen."
J. Allen Charles MulUns. S. C.
Comes With Leatherette uase
E-Z MARK TOOLS, Box 8377 Dept C, Los Angeles U, Cal. —
TOU DO TNIS
THE CARPENTER
45
on both the plan and the stretch-out of the rough stringers, or horses. First lay out the winders on the plan and then the straight steps. This done, set the compass at point c and carry point a to d, as shown by the dotted quarter circle. In tlie same way transfer point b to e. Now lay off the stringers. The first one supports the wide end of the first winder and half of the second winder. The second stringer sup- ports one-half of the second winder, and the third winder. The stringer, shown in part, supports the four straight steps. The perpendicular dotted lines locate the risers, while the height of the steps is governed by tlie rise per step.
Quite frequently the skirt board, or fin- ished stringer, for winders is not housed, but in the better stairs they usually are. Fig. 2 shows the same plan of the flight of three winders and the four straight steps at
• Fig. 2
i the bottom. A stretch-out of the skirt boards is shown at the top. The board marked A on the stretch-out is for the side marked A on the plan. In relatively the same way,
the board marked B goes on the side marked B, and C is for the side C. The perpendic- ular dotted lines again locate the rough risers, as a little study will show. Both the winders and the steps are shown wedged into the housing, which is as practical with winders as with straight steps, but when this is done the rough stringers must be held away from the wall, to let the bottom edge of the skirt board in.
LEARN TO ESTIMATE
If you are ambitious to have your own busi- ness and be your own boss the "Tamblyn System" Home Study Course In Estimating will start you on your way.
If you are an experienced carpenter and have had a fair schooling in reading, writing and arithmetic you can master our System in a short period of your spare time. The Rrst lesson begins with excavations and step by step instructs you how to figure the cost of complete buildings just as you would do it in a contractor's office.
By the use of this System of Estimating you avail yourself of the benefits and guidance of the author's 40 years of practical experience reduced to the language you understand. You will never find a more opportune time to establish yourself in business than now.
Study the course for ten days absolutely free. If you decide you don't want to keep it, just return it. Otherwise send us $8.75 and pay the balance of $30.00 at $7.50 per month, making a total of $38.75 for the com- plete course. On request we will send you plans, specifications, estimate sheets, a copy of the Building Labor Calculator, and com- plete instructions. What we say about this course is not important, but what you find it to be after you examine it is the only thing that matters. You be the judge; your deci- sion is final.
Write your name and address clearly and give your age, and trade experience.
TAMBLYN SYSTEM
1115 So. Pearl St., C-37, Denver 10, Colorado
Measuring Tread Marking Board
(right)
Order today, or send for circular
ELIASON TOOL COMPANY
SAVE A DAY n.Ze
on Every Staircase You Build
ELIASON STAIR GAUGE in 10 seconds gives you correct length and angle for stair treads and risers, (closet shelves too), ready to mark board. Each end pivots and locks at any angle. Length adjustable from 20" up. Saves a day or more, increases yonr profits $20 to .?30 on each staircase. Fully guaran- teed. Only $12.95 cash with order, or C. O. D. plus postage.
2121 E. 56th St., MINNEAPOLIS 17, MINN.
The o*ilu 6-imh JOINJIR
• Vs -inch Rabbeting Capacity With * 60 X 8-inch Table
• 37 X 4-inch Tilting, Swive/ing Fence
H&A FIRST
Newjar*^ ^
HeavY'DutY 6"J0mm
H & A Woael Shap^r %
H & A Model 5860 will do your dressing work faster and better than any tool of its kind ever developed. Its 60-inch table handles extra-long stock easily.. Its 37-inch fence tilts to 45 degrees for edging, swivels to 7 degrees for shear cutting of grainy woods. Safer, too, — with all moving parts metal sheathed and guard that moves over cutter as fence slides forward. This new H & A Jointer now performs operations which formerly required larger, more expensive machines.
Write at once for literature, pricei and name of nearest dealer.
N
H 6 A U.lttch Saitd Sow
H & A 9-inch Tilti/ig Arbor Saw
HESTON & ANDERSON
607 W. Kirkwood Street Fairfield, lowo
NOTICE
The publishers of "The Carpenter" reserve the right to reject all advertising matter which may be. In their judgment, unfair or objectionable to the membership of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America.
All Contracts for advertising space in "The Car- penter," including those stipulated as non-can- cellahle. are only accepted srbject to the above reserved rights of the publishers.
Index of Advertisers
Carpenters' Tools and Accessories
Page
The American Floor Surfacing
Machine Co., Toledo, Ohio, — 5
Ardee Tool Co., Rocky River
Sta., Ohio 47
E. C. Atkins and Co., Indianapolis.
Ind. 4th Cover
Burr Mfg. Co., Los Angeles,
Calif. 43
Cummins Portable Tools, Chicago,
111. 1
Eliason Tool Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 45
E-Z Mark Tools, Los Angeles,
Cal. 44
Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 6
Greenlee Tool Co., Rockford, Ill._3rd Cover Henry Disston & Sons, Inc.,
Philadelphia, Pa. 6
Heston and Anderson, Fairfield,
Iowa 46
The Lufkin Rule Co., Saginaw,
Mich. 6
The Paine Co., Chicago, 111 48
Singer Kennedy Corp., Chicago,
III. 47
Stanley Tools, New Britain, Conn._3rd Cover
Carpentry Materials
E. L. Bruce Co., Memphis, Tenn_ 42
H. Riechers, Palo Alto. Calif 44
D. A. Rogers, Minneapolis,
Minn. 42
The Upson Co., Lockport, N. Y._2nd Cover Western Metalcraft, Inc., Olympia,
Wash. 4
Technical Coiu'ses and Books
American Technical Society, Chi- cago, 111. 47
Audel Publishers, New York,
N. Y. 3rd Cover
Builders Topics, Seattle, Wash._ 43
Chicago Technical College, Chi- cago, 111. 3
H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans 41
Simmons-Boardman Publishing
Corp., New York, N. Y. 48
Tamblyn System, Denver, Colo— 45
KEEP THE MONEY IN THE FAMILY!
PATRONIZE ADVERTISERS
QBIGBUILDIHG BOOKS
12th Edition for EXAMINATION
SEND NO MONEY
Learn to draw plans, estimate, be a live-wire builder, d« remodeling, take contracting jobs. These 9 practical, pro- fusely illustrated books cover subjects that will help you to get more work and make more money. Masonry, con- crete forms, carpentry, steel square, roof framing, construc- tion, plumbing, heating, painting, decorating and many other subjects. More than 4000 pages — 2750 illustratloni.
BETTER JOBS ■- BEHER PAY "^-^^fl"
A nationwide building boom is in full ED I T I O N
awing and trained men are needed. These books art
Big opportunities are always for MEN the most up-to-
WHO KNOW HOW. These books sup- date and completa
Ely quick, easily understood training and we have ever pub-
andy, permanent reference Information Ilshed on theia
Ihat helps solve building problems. many subjectf. Coupon Brings Nine Big Books For Examination
AMERICAN TECHNiTaL SOcIetY Publisher si^cT 1891
Dept. GI36 Drexei at 58th Street. Chicago 37, III. You may ship me the Up-to-Date edition of your nina big books, "Building, Estimating, and Contracting" with- out any obligation to buy. I will pay the delivery charge! only, and If fully satisfied In ten days, I will send you $2.00, and after that only $3.00 a month, until the total price of only $34.80 is paid. I am not obligated in any way unless I keep the books.
Name .
Addresi ..
City State .
Attach letter stating age, occupation, employer's name and address, and name and address of at least one busineil man as reference. Men in service, also give home addreii.
Carpenters and Bricklayers ** Level** your troubles away
with a
KEN "CORNER'
LEVEL
Saves half your energy; makes CABPENTRT and BRICK- LAYING easier, faster, and accurate. Saves hours of eCfort; levels and plumbs TWO faces of a "corner" at one time. The only ADJUSTABLE level for accuracy and easy plumb- ing of Inclined or tapering surfaces. Light weight. Un- breakable, aluminum. CANNOT BE TWISTED BY HAND. Its advantages for carpentry work are so important that anyone can build a fireplace with brick chimney for ths home, or farm. This Ken "Comer" Level Is the only Ona with A1.L of these advantages. Drop post card today: Sizes:— Model A— 3 Bubbles— 18".24".36".48"
Model B— I Bubble— ADJUSTABLE— 18"-24" SINGER KENNEDY CORPORATION Dept. C, 21 East Van Buren, Chicago. Illinois.
SAVE TIME! SAVE MONEY! with
TRIP-HAMMER
Saw-Set
FOOT TREADLE OPERATED
• LIGHT WEIGHT
• TOOL BOX SIZE
• SETS UP EASILY
• MONEY BACK GUARANTEE
/jf— ,- Set saws taster. NO CRAMPED HANDS.
W t m Every tooth set uniformly. Handles 5 to 12
point hand saws, 3" to 10" circular saws. Two man erojs
cut saws.
Send Cheek, Money Order or Postal Note. P. O. Box C-2864 Rocky River Station, Ohio
Postpaid
ARDEE TOOL GO.
ANCHOR SUPPORT 50 TO 10,000 LBS.
SoUd
PAINE
SCREW EXPANSION
ANCHORS
EASILY INSTALLED
CONCRETE
STONE
TILE
MARBLE
• RUST PROOF
• PRECISION THREADED
• SET FLUSH OR AT ANY DESIRED DEPTH
• MACHINE SCREW SIZES 6-32 through 5. 8-11
Screw onchored ob» jeci oi tight as pos- sible
Send for free catalog on all Poine Hang- ing and Fastening Devices.
THE PAINE COMPANY
PAINE
FASTENING f) C 1/ I f C f and HANGING U L W I \ t J
^niahA
$20 to $30 a Week
EXTRA MONEY!
with the high prices of food, clothing and everything else, iust^think what you could do with extra money every week! Turn your spare time into CASH — sharp- ening saws with a Foley Automatic Saw Filer pays up to $2 or $3 an hour. Start in your basement or garage — no experience necessary. "The first saw I sharpened with my Foley Filer came out 100<7r" — writes Clarence E. Parsons. Xo Canvassing — "I advenised in our loc-al paper and got in 93 saws" — says M. L. Thompson. With a Foley you can file all hand saws, also band and crosscut circular saws.
FREE BOOK
Shows How To Start
"Independence After 40'' explains how you can get business from home owners, farmers, carpenters, schools, fac- tories, etc. "J get
ivork from 20 and ' 30 miles away" says Charles H. Smith. Investigate — no salesman will call — send coupon today.
^e*w^ gcufuut ^tf^ FREE BOOK
Foley Mfg. Co., 118-0 Foley BIdg., Minneapolis 18, Minn. Send FREE BOOK— "Independence After 40"
Let us send you this book of
HOME BUILDERS SHORT-CUTS
for FREE five-day trial
More than 800 "practical job pointers" that save time, expense and labor on building jobs.
Now! Ceirpentry, building construction aaid building repair jobs are made easier with the practical methods shown in this big 211 -page book. Every one of these methods has been TESTED in actual use; every one saves time, saves work, saves money.
Contents include: 88 handy ways to use tools; 37 ideas for work benches and attachments; 62 work-saving ways to use portable equipment; 39 suggestions on excavations, foundations and forms; 32 methods for making sills, gird- ers, joists cind sub-flooring; 49 hints on exterior and interior ■wa struction; 36 short-cuts roof and bay construction; 19 tips on making cc nices and porches; 54 ideas for inter- ior wall covering and trim; 27 helps on stair construc- tion; 37 window^ suggestions; 54 ide- as for installing doors; 29 tips on closets, shelves and built-in equipment; 24 flooring pointers; 35 aids in installing sanitary equipment; 44 short-cuts in lay- ing out work; etc., etc., etc. More than 700 illustrations show you exactly "how-to-do-it." All items indexed so that any particular idea or short-cut you want can be located in- stantly.
SEND NO MONEY
Examine 5 Days FREE Just fill in and mail cou- pon below to get practi- cal Job Pointers" for 5 DAYS FREE TRIAL. If not fully satisfied, re- turn the book and owe nothing. If you keep it, send only $3.98 plus few cents postage in full pay- ment. You take no risk. Mail coupon below, now.
DO YOU KNOW HOW TO
Raise a sagging beam
without using a jack? Eepair a sunken floor
board without ripping
out the entire floor': Scribe and fit boards to
an irregular surface? Heplace broken asbestos
shingles? Repair worn door hinges? Lay a wood floor over a
concrete base ? Fit door casing to a wall
surface out of plumb ? Make sagless garage door? Make a septic tank grease
trap ? Put pipe into a partition
already plastered? Apply comer moulding to
wallboard? Quick answers on these and HUNDREDS OF OTHER bulding problems are at your fingertips in "Practical Job Pointers." Mail coupon below for your copy today.
FREE TRIAL COUPON ^Sday
Simmons-Boardman Publishing Corp., (Carp. 1-50) |
30 Church St., New York 7, N. Y. I
I
Send me for 5 DAYS FREE TRIAL, "Practical Job |
Pointers." I will either return it in 5 days and owe |
nothing, or send only S3. 98 (plus shipping charges) |
in full payment. •
Name
Address
City State
STANLEY NO. 700 WOODWORKER'S VISE
Completely New — Stanley No. 700. Grips work firm and fast. Can be quickly attached to a saw- horse, bench, or handy projection. Extra-strong, made of malleable iron, yet lightweight, easy to carry. New, "L" shaped jaws hold work secure, vertically as well as horizontally. Replaceable, tempered presdwood jaw faces protect work. Jaws open to 3H". Attractive grey enamel finish with red trim, rust-proof steel screw parts nickel- plated. Stanley Tools, New Britain, Connecticut.
THE TOOL BOX OF THE WORLD
[STANLEY]
Reg. U.S. Pat. Off.
HARDWARE •HAND TOOLS ELECTRIC TOOLS • STEEL STRAPPING
Clamps anywhere on bench for ordinary work.
Clamps on sawhorse or edge of bench for doors, sash, etc.
If you like fine tools
...then you'll really enjoy the smooth, fast action of the "GREENLEE 22" Solid-Center Auger Bit. And you know it reaches you "factory sharp," for each is Plastic-Sealed with a special protective coating. Ask your hardwors dealer for "GREENLEE 22."
m-^i
GREENLEE
SPECIAL OFFER . . . WOODWORKING CALCULATOR. ..104. Quick solutions to countless problems.. .converting linear to board feet, nail and bit sizes, etc Send 10c to Greenlee Tool Co., 2081 Columbia Ave., Rocltford, IIL
AUDELS Carpenters and Builders Guides
[4vois.^6
InsideTrade Information
for Carpenters, Builders, Join- ers, Building Mechanics and all Woodworkers. These Guides ^ve you the short-cat iDstruc- tioDB that yon want — including new methods, ideas, solutions.
ftlans, systems and money sav- ng suggestions. An easy pro- gressive course for the appren- tice and student. A practical daily helper and Quick Refer- ence for the master worker. Carpenters everywhere are us- ing these Guides as a Helpina- Hand to Easier Work. Better Work and Better Pay. To get this assistance for yourself.
Inside Trade Information On: S5F fEEE° coupon beiow
How to use the steel square — How to file and
set saws — How to build turnlture — How to use
a mitre box — ^How to use the chalk line — How
to use rules and scales — How to make joints —
Carpenters arithmetic — Solving mensuration
problems — Estimating strength ol timbers —
How to set girders and sills — How to frame
houses and roofs-^How to estimate costs — How
to build houses, barns, garages, bungalows, etc.
— How to read and draw plans — Drawing up
Bpeciflcations — How to excavate — How to use
settings 12. 13 and 17 on the steel square — How
to build hoists and scaffolds — skylights — How
to build stairs — How to put on interior trim —
How to ha,ng doors— How to lath — lay floors — How to paint.
AUDEL, Publishers, 49 W. 23rd St., New York 10, N. Y.
Mail Audels Carpenters and Builders Guides, 4 vols., on 7 days' free trial. I( OK I will remit $i In 7 days and $1 monthly until $6 is paid. -Ottierwise I will return them. No oblleation unless I am satisfied.
Name-
CAR
"I'LL TAKE
ANYTIME
— ff sure makes saving easier!*^
He's right — you just can't beat "Silver Steel" Saws — the saws with the lasting edge. "Silver Steel" Saws give you the most cutting, with the least effort and fewest sharpenings. In any saw look firsf to the quality of its blade. And in all the world there are no finer saws than "Silver Steel" I
E. C. ATKINS AND COMPANY
Nome Office and Factory: 402 South Illinois Street, Indianapolis 9, Indiana
Branch Factory: Portland, Oregon
Branch Offices: ATLANTA • CHICAGO • NEW ORLEANS • NEW YORK
EfnKB
jCMPENTER
FOUNDED 1881
Official Publication of tfte UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS of AMERICA
FEBRUARY, 1950
let FRED LUDWIG fen
you
how UPSON KUVER'KRAK PANELS solved the cratked telling problem in his own home
FRED H. LUDWiG, President Merritt Lumber Yards, Inc., Reading, Pa., former president National Retail Lumber Dealers Association, nationally known Merchan- diser of quality building materials, writes: "The reason that I used Upson Kuver- Krak Panels in the living room and library of my own residence was brought about by the great difficulty I had with the plaster cracking.
"Having the faith in Upson Panels, developed through the many years that we've handled your products, prompted me to use it and once and for ml, get rid of further failures.
"I am glad to report to you that these panels have been very satisfactory and have done everything that we expected them to do."
•^ i*
\'S^
Above: Mr. Ludwig's living room with an Upson-panelled ceiling. Right: One of the showplaces of eastern Pennsyl- vania, the residence of Mr. Ludwig at Wyomiasing.
Like Fred Ludwig, thou- sands of lumber dealers and thousands of carpen- ters will tell you there's nothing like Upson Panels for _ re-covering cracked ceilings.
mail this
covpon today!
>
THE UPSON COMPANY
5312 Upson Point, Lockporl, N.Y.
I am interested in knowing more about Upson Strong-Bilt Panels Q Kuver-Krak Panels D- Send me a free copy of your booklet — "New Interiors For Old."
NAME
TYPE OF BUSINESS
STREET .
CITY STATE
STEAPyyBAR 'ROUHP WORK- SANP NSW AttP OLP FLOORS
Look into the money-making possibilities of start- ing a floor sanding business — if you want steady and pleasant indoor work — a good substantial in- come with earnings of $2 5 and more a day — ^an opportunity to operate as a sub-contractor in new construction and as a separate business man when you sand older homes.
No experience or special schooling needed— Sanders are easy to operate — you can start sanding floors and ntake money the first day your machines [arrive. Prospects everywhere — new and old homes. 'No large investment — the overhead is low and you need no elaborate oflices, workshop, storeroom or trucking equipment. Many men operate from their own home and use a regular passenger car to transport their equipment from job to job.
Thousands of men have been successful in the floor surfacing business. You let the machine do the work. It's pleasant inside work and usually the buildings have some heat. No ladders or scaffolding to climb. A business that can bring you a lot of satisfaction and steady money! Send today for "money-making" booklet entitled "Opportunities in Floor Surfacing" — use coupon and enclose 25c in coin or stamps to cover handling. The American Floor Surfacing Machine Co., Toledo, Ohio.
Ben W. Kenney, veteran floorman of Kansas City, Mo., started years ago in floor sand- ing and has stead- / ily expanded this business. Today, Ben and Forest C. Kenney op- erate the Acme Floor Co. with a total of 19 American Floor Sanders, Spinner Edgers, and Polishers.
A On«-Man Business
Ed Clanin lives in a Michigan city of 20,000. He has an American Floor Sander and an American Spinner for the edges, clos- ets and stairs and also an American Maintenance Machine for disc sanding, steel wooling and polishing. He av- erages 75 to 100 floor jobs per year.
MERICAN
\ FLOOR MACHINES
i^nA Coupon Today!
The American Floor Surfacing
Machine Co., 520 So. St. Clair St., Toledo, Ohio
• Enclosed find 25c in stamps Of coin for booklet "Opportunities in Floor Surfacing", telling me how I can start my own floor sanding bus- iness.
Name. • Street-
City.
. State.
Trade Mark Re?. March, 1913
A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners
of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.
PETER E. TERZICK, Editor
Carpenters' Building, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis 4, Indiana
Established in 1881 Vol. LXX — No. 2
INDIANAPOLIS, FEBRUARY, 1950
One Dollar Per Year Ten Cents a Copy
Con tents —
1950 Is a Crucial Election Year
It is no exaggeration to say that this year's elections will afFect the welfare of work- ing people for years to come, since the current Congress Is still dominated by reaction- aries. If the people are to obtain decent Social Security, middle income housing, aid to education, etc., they will have to vote it into effect next November by electing men who believe in such progress.
Watch Your Pinky, Pal
An article In the "flarvard Business Review," highbrow publication of the broad "A" boys, suggests that the way to better industrial relations lies in inviting more business agents and union officials to pink teas and tea dansantes. It seems all us labor skates are just dying to bust into high society and >when we don't make it we get all sorts of frustrations and inhibitions.
The Nation Honors Gompers
The Role of Workers Education
13
A thousand union members, friends and special guests taxed the banquet facilities of Washington's biggest hotel on January 5th to inaugurate the Samuel Gompers Centen- nial Year v/hose object it is to add a million new members to the Federation as a memorial to the peerless leader.
18
The difference between ordinary education and workers education can be explained by the story of the home economics teacher who was giving a lecture on the best way of making nutritious soup out of cheap bones. When she asked if there were any ques- tions, an old Scotch lady in the back of the room asked: "Yes, who got the meat from the bones in the first place?
31
With a mid-summer slump seeming to be inevitable unless purchasing power can be increased, the AFL offers a hard-hitting program for staving off additional unemploy- ment. It is as simple as it is feasible— more pay for more production and no price in- creases.
More Wages Mean More Jobs
OTHER DEPARTMENTS Plane Gossip Editorials The Locker Official
In Memoriam Correspondence To the Ladies Craft Problems
16 23 29 33 34 35 39 41
Index to Advertisers
46
Entered July 22, 1915, at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., as second class mail matter, under Act of
Congress, Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for
in Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 8, 1918.
CARPENTERS
BUILDERS and APPRENTICES
THOROUGH TRAINING IN BUILDING
Learn at Home in Your Spare Time
The successful builder will tell you that the way to the top-pay jobs and success in Building is to get thorough knowledge of blue prints, building con- struction and estimating.
In this Chicago Tech Course, you learn to read blue prints — the universal language of the builder — and understand specifications — for all types of buildings.
You learn building construction details : foundations, walls, roofs, windows and doors, arches, stairs, etc.
You learn how to lay out work and direct building jobs from start to finish. You learn to estimate building costs quickly and accurate- ly. Find out how you can pre- pare at home for the higher- paid jobs in Building, or your own successful contracting busi- ness. Get the facts about this income-boosting Chicago Tech training now.
MAIL COUPON NOW
Prepare for more pay, greater suc- cess. Learn how to lay out and run building jobs, how to read blue prints, how to estimate building costs. Prac- tical training with complete blue print plans and specifications — same as used by superintendents and contractors. Over 46 years of experience in train- ing practical builders.
INCREASE YOUR INCOME
Hundreds have quickly advanced to fore- man, superintendent, inspector, estimator, contractor, with this Chicago Tech train- ing in Building. Your practical experi- ence aids your success. Get the technical training you need for promotion and in- creased income.
FREE
Blue Prints and Trial Lesson
Send today for Trial Lesson: "How to Read Blue Prints," and set of Blue Print Plans — sent to you Free. See for yourself how this Chicago Tech Course prepares you to earn more money, gives you the thorough knowledge of Building required for the higher-up jobs and higher pay. Don't delay. Mail the coupon today in an envelope or use a penny postcard.
CHICAGO TECHNICAL COLLEGE
TECH BLDG., 2000 SOUTH MICHIGAN AVE., CHICAGO 16, ILL.
Chicago Technical College
B^iaa Tech Bldg., 3000 So. Michigan Ave.,
Chicago 16, IlL
Mail me Free Blue Print Plans and Booklet: "How to Read Blue Prints" with information about how I can train at home.
Name : Age
Address Occupation
City Zone - State
Do off ihmjoLhiAe/i
with this Cummins
POWER TOOL COMBINATION
If you were to buy all the power tools, with Independent
motor drives, that you'd need to do all the jobs illustrated here, it would cost you In excess of $350.00. For only $176.00 you can buy this new and amazing Cummins Combination of power tools, consisting of Cummins Model 600 Portable Saw the power unit, Cummins Model 630 4" Belt Sander and Cummins Model 640 Planer. In your shop or on the job site these tools will save you money . . . they will do oil these jobs faster, better, easier. Write today for complete details. You will be glad you did.
DOOR PLANING
BEVEL PLANING
SURFACE PLANING
B\JY This Great Deal Today for Only $176.00. See Your Hardware, Woodworkirtg or
Industrial Supply Jobber.
MAIL THIS COUPON TODAY!
Model 600
$6250
r-
CUMMINS MODEL 600 SAW THE POWER UNIT
Cuts 1%' deep in wcMjd. Base odjusts for depth end bevel cuts. At A5^ cuts through lumber 1 Yi' thick. Compact and light. Weighs only 1 1 lbs. Hos conven- tional equipment with 6' combination sow blade.
Name ,
Model
630
Sander
$4950
CUMMINS MODEL 630 SANDING UNIT
Mounts to Cummins Model 600 Sow as shown. Standard 4' x 27' belts "msure fast, efficient sanding. Quick, easy od- justment for removing and replacing belts and for centering belts on pulleys. With saw mounted, unit weigKs 1 8 lbs.
Model
640
Planer
$6400
CUMMINS MODEL 640 PLANER UNIT
Mounts to Cummins Model 600 Saw os shown. Removes up to Y\i' of stock m one cut. Adjustable for depth of Cut. Equipped with bevel attachment. Cutter- head is 4' wide with removable blcdei. With saw mounted, unit weighs 20 lbs.
.Address
Occupation City.
.Zone State |
CUMMINS PORTABLE TOOLS
DIVISION OF CUMMINS BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
4740 NORTH RAVENSWOOD AVENUE • CHICAGO 40, ILLINOIS
Over 60 Years of Precision Manufattur^
NOW-Add to your "know-how'' of
f HOUSE CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
Save Money and Time with these Latest Professional Methods
Here is an exact working guide on every detail of house construction from founda- tion to finish. Tells you dimensions, ma- terials, processes, step-by-step working methods. Hundreds of scale drawings and photographs make every step easy to fol- low. Quick-reference index enables you to find instantly any construction detail on which you want modern, authoritative guidance. Can be used for alterations in
Every Step in House Construction Explained and Illustrated:
Excavations — Footings and drainage • — Foundation forms — Sills — Girders — Joists — Sub-flooring ■ — Exterior wall framing — Interior wall framing — Ceil- ing joists — Gable roof — Hip roof — Gambrel roof
— Dormers — Siding and shingling — Cornices — Porches — Exterior walls of wood — Exterior walls of brick — Interior walls finished in plaster, in plywood
— Wall panels — Mouldings for interior trim — Stair construction — Windows — Sash details — Window framing details — Doors and door trim — Hardware used in dwelling — Closets, shelves, built-in equip- ment — Breakfast alcove • — Sewing room — Flooring
— Chimneys and fireplaces — Mantels and seats — Outdoor fireplaces — Scaffolds — Garages — Electric wiring — Insulation • — Arches and gates — Lattice porch, lattice trellis — Garden benches, tables — Swings and other garden furniture — Picket fences — Log cabins, camps, cottages — Bams — Feeders and nests — Rabbit hutch — Septic tank — Painting and finishing — Heating systems — Air conditioning sys- tems — Prefabricated houses — L'seful information for home builders including architectural styles and data on modern building materials
313 Pages, Size B'/axll. Fully indexed. 1500 Illustrations.
High Praise! Read what Reviewers say---
"Best one-volume work on house building we have ever seen." — Walker's Library Service, Toronto
"All the elements of house construction are considered in an orderly manner and are illustrated with great clarity." — The Architectural Forum
"An amazing number of illustrations, photographs, working drawings and cut-away sections fill this com- plete book for architects, contractors and builders." — Scientific American
More than 41,000 Satisfied users!
a set of stock plans, for making additions or changes in a building, or for complete construction of a dwelling. Conforms with modern practice and building regulations in all parts of the country. Gives you help- ful ideas on how to build in accordance with latest developments in painting, wir- ing, heating and air conditioning, insula- tion and sound-proofing.
The guidance you get on even a single house construction detail can repay you a hundred times the small cost of this re- markable volume. Send for free-ex- amination copy today. Mail coupon below.
<^\^^
^^\^^\%
■ '>»\^^
Examine 10 Days Free
Ynu don't risk a penny to find out how valuable "House Construction De- tails" can be to you. Just mail coupon. See for yourself how you get clear, professional guidance on f \ e r y building detail. Then either send only -i 50 (plus postage) in mil payment, or return 'he book and owe noth- ing. Mail free-exami- lidtion coupon XO\v.
MAIL THIS COUPON
Simmons-Boardman Publishing Corp., Carp. 2-50
30 Church Street, New York 7, N. Y.
Send me for 10 DAYS' FREE EXAMIXATION. "House Construction Details." I will either return it in 10 days and owe nothing, or send only $4.50 (plus ship- ping charges) in full payment.
Xame
Address
City & State
nSAVE! Send $4.50 with this coupon and we will pay postage. Same return and refund privilege.
^^It^ safer because it's easier to handle!"
On every building job, extra safety is something you always want. And safety is one reason so many builders say, "I'll take SKIL Saw." SKIL Saw power prevents jamming or stalling that could throw you o£f balance; SKIL Saw has perfect balance for constant easy use; SKIL Saw provides two handles for sure control where two hands are needed.
Every SKIL Saw combines better balance, design and power. Together they give you the easy handling that pays off in added speed, added safety and better work. Ask your SKIL Tool Distributor for a demonstration today.
SKIL Tools are made only by
SKILSAW, INC.
5033 Elston Ave., Chicago 30, HI.
Fadory Branches in Principal CHies
in Canada, SKILTOOLS, LTD., 66 Portland St., Toronto, Ont.
1950 IS A CRUCIAL ELECTION YEAR
IN NOVEMBER of this year, the working people of the nation will have an opportunity to complete the task which they undertook in 1948. At the beginning of the 1948 political campaign, organized labor set as its goal the election of a liberal Congress to replace the 80th Congress which not only passed the Taft-Hartley Act but also turned thumbs down on a great deal of badly needed social legislation. In the 1948 elections, organized labor did a tremendous job. Many Taft-Hartley Senators and Representatives were sent to the political scrap heap while men cognizant of and sympathetic with the views of the working man were sent to Washington to fill their seats. How- ever, the 1948 labor victory was not quite enough. The election of only 14 more liberal Representatives and 5 more liberal Senators would have com- pleted the task. By that small margin, organized labor fell short of its goal of electing a progressive Congress. So the Taft-Hartley Law is still on the books and a great deal of sorely needed social legislation is still unpassed.
This year the task must be completed. In November we will have a golden opportunity to send to Washington the kind of a Congress the work- ing people of the nation need— a Congress that sees nothing socialistic in Social Security or nothing monopolistic in collective bargaining. It will not be an easy job, but it is a job that can be done if working people will register and vote. This time the element of surprise will not be working to the advan- tage of the liberal forces. In 1948 the reactionaries thought that the labor vote was a myth. They scoffed at the idea that organized labor could rally its strength effectively. But when the ballots were counted they got a rude awakening. They realized that labor can carry elections when it is really organized.
Now that they are aware of the fact, they are altering their strategy for the coming election. "Welfare state" and "English socialism" are scare words they have invented to throw at the people in an effort to halt the march of progressivism. The reactionary elements are already busy raising millions of dollars in campaign funds for an all-out attack against liberal candidates and liberal ideas. To hold the political gains it made in the 1948 elections and to pick up the necessary 14 liberal votes in the House and 5 liberal votes in the Senate, organized labor will have to rise to new heights in the coming election. It will have to raise larger political funds and step up the tempo of its drives to get members registered and ready to vote on election day. It will have to drive home to every working man the importance of voting for liberal candi- dates. It will have to carry the fight right to the precinct level. The job wili not be an easy one, but it is a job that can and must be done.
In 1948, labor gained its first experience in attempting to raise money for political purposes. A sort of trial and error method was followed. The results were spotty, and experience has shown that some changes are necessary. This year a new procedure is to be followed. At a national political rally in Wash- ington, D. C. last July, the following program was adopted:
8 THE CARPENTER
1. It was decided that the task of raising funds through voluntary dona- tions should be centralized in Labor's League for Political Education, the political arm of the American Federation of Labor. This year Labor's League for Political Education will make the one big appeal for voluntary contributions.
2. It was decided to seek voluntary individual contributions of $2.00 or more from every member of a union affiliated with the AFL.
Within the next week or ten days, every Local Union in the United Broth- erhood will receive a communication from Labor's League for Political Edu- cation asking that a solicitation be made of members for voluntary individual contributions of $2.00 or more. LLPE will supply receipt books and buttons directly. All monies collected by Local Unions are to be sent directly to the League. Half of such monies will be retained by the League for political activities on a national basis and the other half will be credited to state organ- izations for use in their own areas. An accounting of all monies donated by Brotherhood Locals will be made to the General Office monthly by the League. Last time International Unions, Central Bodies, State Federations and many other labor groups held conflicting solicitations. The result was confusion and misunderstanding. Union members did not know to whom they should con- tribute. By centralizing all solicitations in the hands of LLPE this year, the problem has been simplified. The big solicitation will be the LLPE solicitation. One $2.00 contribution will help support, local and state political activities as well as national activities.
It is no exaggeration to say that the welfare of working people for many years to come will be at stake in this year's election. The following is only a partial list of vital matters that will be decided by the election, since liberal Congressmen are outnumbered in the present session:
SOCIAL SECURITY. Whetlier or not Social Security will be liberalized
»■ enough so that retired workers can live decently will de-
pend on whether or not we have a liberal Congress.
TAXES. With the budget running in the red, new tax programs
will have to be devised. If we have a reactionary Congress the tax load will be lifted from the shoulders of the rich and added to the shoulders of the poor. On the other hand, a liberal Congress will spread the tax load according to ability to pay.
LABOR LEGISLATION. A reactionary Congress means a continuation of the
Taft-Hartley Law and even more vicious anti-labor leg- islation in the future. A liberal Congress means repeal of the Taft-Hartley Law and the encouragement of free, independent unions and genuine collective bargaining.
AID TO EDUCATION, MIDDLE INCOME HOUSING, NATIONAL HEALTH AND A HOST OF OTHER IMPORTANT MATTERS
To achieve victory in 1950, every working man will have to do his duty by donating, registering and voting. These are all things each union member must do for himself. No organization can do the job for him.
If each of us does his duty, victory will be a cinch.
Watch Your Pinky, Pal
• • •
SOME 200 YEARS ago a keen minded and observant English churchman named Jonathan Swift pubhshed a number of books deahng with the foibles and fetishes of the day in a humorous and satirical manner. Noth- ing was too sacred for Swift to poke a little fun at. Disgusted with the extreme poverty of the times, in one book he propounded at length on a way in which children could be kept from becoming a burden to the poor. His suggestion was that they could be fattened and eaten.
However, his best known work is Gulliver's Travels, a sort of saga of a seaman's travels to far off mythical lands. In the various places where Gulliver visited, the people were invariably carrying to the logical conclusion the silly practices which Englishmen of the time were following at home in lesser de- gree. One of the places Gulliver vis-
ited was a land where science was everything. All the citizens were busily engaged in delving into scien- tific research. They had no time to do things the way their fathers did them. They were too busy searching for more scientific ways, with the result that incredible poverty existed. The one farmer who cultivated and fertilized his lands in the time hon- ored way produced tremendous crops, but he was an outcast in the land of science. His methods were called un- scientific and old fashioned. In the end, the pressure to which he was subjected became so great, that, he too, abandoned the traditional way of farming and devoted himself to scien- tific research. His fields stopped pro- ducing anything, but at least he placed himself in tune with the times.
During the last two centuries, mil- lions of people probably have derived good hearty laughs out of this por- tion of Swift's satire. Yet even today there is enough basis of truth in Swift's exaggerated picture of hold- ing in awe anything that smacks of the scientific to cause one to wonder.
One has to look no farther than the bread situation which exists at the present time. For months Congress has been holding hearings to deter- mine whether or not bakers should be compelled by law to indicate on the wrappers of the loaves of bread they turn out a list of the ingredients used in making the bread. The hear- ings have uncovered the fact that some dozen various chemicals are used in turning out today's bread. Some of these chemicals are derived from crude oil, some are derived from coal, and some are derived from even less appetizing sources.
Now the funny part of the whole thing is that wheat is the most nearly perfect food there is. In its natural state it contains all the vitamins and minerals that the human body needs. However, through scientific "im- provement," whole wheat no longer goes into the manufacture of ordin- ary bread. The wheat germ and the husk are removed at the flour mill. With these two components of the wheat grain go most of the nutritious elements in wheat. So the baker takes
10
THE CARPENTER
the white residue we call toda}-'s flour and adds to it a host of chemicals de- ri\'ed from all sorts of inert raw ma- terials and then proceeds to crow about his "enriched" bread. Some- how or other it brings to mind GuUi- \"er's Travels whenever the papers earn," news stories about what is go- ing on in the Washington hearings.
However, it was not bread that brought on this philosophizing; rather it was an article in the current issue of Har\"ard Business Review. This article deals at some length with the social status of labor leaders. Over the years our great universi- ties have turned out learned and eru- dite pieces on "The Love Life of the Frog" and "The Effects of Cucumber Blight in Man-dand on Soil Erosion," but this is the first time that the social habits of labor leaders have come under the microscopes of the Broad "A" boys. The conclusions will startle many business agents and financial secretaries.
It seems that we who labor in the union \'ineyards for our daily bread (vitamin enriched with pure putt}' factory by-products) are considered an uncultured and uncouth class of louts. We do not know which fork to use in eating Crepe Suzettes (if it's a fork you use in eating them), or whether the little finger ought to be extended at a se\'ent}'-five or ninet>' degree angle in swigging tea. The result is we do not get asked to join the Counfay Club or the Philharmonic Societ}'. This in turn gives us all sorts of inhibitions and frustrations which make us bitter at our employ- ers who keep the leather chairs at the Union League Club well-shined with the seats of their britches. The end result is that we take out our spite on the employers b}- making all sorts of unreasonable demands just because we did not get an invite
to the Grand Cotillion Ball at the El Swanko. As the writer \'iews the situation, labor-management relations could be greatly improved if more business agents were in\dted to tea dans antes and buffet luncheons at the Gotrocks and Astorbilts.
Far be it from us to contradict so great on authority as the writer. After all he worked for a public relations firm that once did some work for a couple of unions. Off and on for a couple of years he came in contact with labor leaders every once in awhile. That made him an expert not only on unions but also on the habits, thinking and mores of union officials. When he states that a bitter strike in Detroit resulted more from the fact that the daughter of a certain international union representative got turned down by an exclusive girl's school and less from the fact the im- ion members felt entitled to better wages and working conditions, his \iews must be respected.
We have no idea how many union people are interested in private schools for their offspring. But one thing we do know. The public schools have no greater champion than the union people of the nation. After all it was the unions that inaugurated the fight for free public schools. It was the union people who agitated for them dowm the years and kept up a constant pressure on the Fed- eral government and state legisla- tures until such schools were estab- lished. If anyone wants to really make a lot of union people mad, let him tamper with the free public school system.
Maybe more lady-finger parties are the clue to better labor relations. On the other hand, maybe fewer labor "experts" from government, universi- ties, public relations firms and what have you, injecting themselves into
THE CARPENTER
11
the picture might make a real con- tribution to more harmonious labor- management relations, too. The day when representatives from labor and management could sit down around the table and thrash out an agree- ment that both sides understood and respected seems long since to have passed out of the picture. Today there are federal "experts" and state "experts" from this Board and that Bureau kibitzing on nearly every meeting where labor and manage- ment get together. Often gobbledy- gook which no one understands is the result.
Unlike the author of the Harvard Business Review article, we are not going to indulge in generalizations. There are good labor leaders and bad, just as there are good employers and bad. There may even be labor lead- ers who want to break into high so- ciety. If there are, more power to them. However, to imply that labor leaders as a class suffer from frustra- tions and inhibitions because their wives do not belong to the Junior League is stretching the facts too far. In the first place, with people who really count, there is no looking down the nose at labor officials. After all the President of the United States tore himself away from the press of ofiicial business to pay a short visit to a thousand labor officials assembled at the Statler Hotel in Washington last month to pay tribute to the mem- ary of Samuel Gompers. That is more than he did when the National Asso- ciation of Manufacturers met— and this is not discounting the fact that the President is a politician and labor represents votes.
With the captains of industry and the men who have done things and gotten somewhere, there is no pat- ronizing of labor officials. They frank- ly meet as equals. With the ribbon
clerks, however, the story is some- what different. The petty officials and hangers-on who bask in the reflected glory of their superiors sometimes build up their own importance by knocking unions and snubbing labor officials. We recall that a famous newspaperman who interviewed kings and presidents and ambassa- dors in his time found an interview with a man who had just been made manager of a pants factory the most difficult in his career, according to his memoirs.
The writer of this article had the fortune or misfortune to spend sev- eral years working nights in one of the swankiest country clubs on the Pacific Coast during the time when he was trying to acquire a little "book learnin." That was many years ago, but the memory of the four-flushing and apple polishing and boot-licking that went on among the membership of that club is still fresh in our mind. Come to think of it, all the special privilege and favoritism and bowing and scraping that nine men out of ten join a union to avoid was the ac- cepted thing in that club. Half the people that belonged had no business there. They could not pay their bills, let alone meet the high club dues. But they belonged anyhow and hard- ly a day went past but what some beaten down grocer or butcher was trying to contact them to collect a long past due bill. They had nothing in their pockets but they did not seem to care so long as they could address old man Gotrocks as "J. P." or rub shoulders with old Astorbilt— and probably damn the unions.
Maybe there are union officials who want to break into that kind of a set- up, but we doubt if there are very many. The union school is a hard school. Occasionally a phony swims to the top. But nine times out of
12
THE CARPENTER
ten a union official gets to the top because he is capable and sincere. A director of a corporation who is a phori}" rna\" hang on to his job for his lifetime because he ne\'er meets the stockholders face to face. But \\"ith a business agent or financial secretary it is different. E^'erA" day he cames into contact with the peo- ple who hire him, and once or t^.^ice a month he has to meet them face to face in a meeting to account for his stewardship. Tlie union official who is not sincere does not usualh" last very long. Of course there are ex- ceptions here and there and that is exacth" what they are— exceptions.
It has been the experience of this v.-riter that labor officials are not al- wa}"S accorded the front pews when a visiting celebrit}' is coming to to\\"n or when a fine civic project is to be dedicated or when an unusual cele- bration to take place, but there is one time when labor gets the lime- light. That is when there is blood to raise for the blood bank, or funds to collect for the Communit}' Fund or Red Cross. Then labor is gi\'en all the pats on the back it can take. "\A"hether it is blood or dollars, the
workers are urged to give amid great
whoopla and fanfare. And in^'ariably they do gi\'e; which is as it should be since they are all good causes. But we ha\"e }"et to see any such organ- ized whoopla inaugurated to get members of the Chamber of Com- merce to give blood.
In the final anah'sis. an\' labor leader who feels frustrated because of his position is either ignorant or gullible. Hardly an issue of this jour- nal published durmg the past year failed to carr}- a stor}- of some Local L nion in Texas or Kansas or Illinois \'oluntarih- rebuilding a burned out house for some unfortunate feUow citizen or donating the labor on the construction of a Boy Scout camp or mammoth stage for a community celebration. These are the things that realh" count in any societ}'. For those who like them, tea dansantes and cotillions are okay. But in the sohd things of this life, the things that make hfe better for a lot of people, the union men and women are in the vei}- front ranks. -\nd the back of our hand to an}' and all dil- letantes who say otherwise.— Peter E. Terzick,
League to Distribute Funds About March 1st
About March 1. Labor's League for Political Education will begin sending to state LLPE units their shares of campaign funds it is collecting.
Workers are making S2 voluntary- contributions to Labor's League for the 1950 Con- gressional campaign. All money to be used by Labor's League in the campaign is con- tributed voluntarily.
The contributions are sent to the national LLPE orBce in Washington v%"here the>' are processed according to the pro\-i5ions of the Taft-Hartley Act.
T-H provides that workers' organizations must raise money voluntarily for Congres- sional pohtical campaigns. Xo union funds may be used for that purpose. And there are strict regulations concerning records of the volvmtarj' contributions.
Half of the money voluntarily contributed in each state wiU be sent back to that state. The other half goes into a national fund to be used wherever it vriB. do the most good.
About March 1 the states' half of contributions made up to that time will be sent to tlie states. The fund campaign got under way about two months ago.
After the initial distribution of money, states will receive their half of additional funds collected the first of each month, - - '" '
13
THE NATION HONORS GOMPERS
A HUNDRED YEARS ago a Jewish boy was born in a little one-room flat of an East Side London slum. His parents, desperately poor, named him after an ancient Hebrew prophet. To the world, he became famous as Samuel Gompers.
On the 5th of last month one of the largest crowds ever to attend a ban- quet in the nation's capital thronged into Washington's biggest hotel to pay tribute to that boy.
President Truman left a heavy load of work at the White House to join in the tribute. Vice-President Alben W. Barkley was the ace orator of the evening. Five members of the Presi- dent's Cabinet, as well as many mem- bers of Congress and other notables, also came to honor the memory of the man who has gone down in his- tory as American labor's greatest leader and statesman.
Over 1,000 guests occupied ta- bles in two big halls of the hotel. Every affiliate of the American Federation of Labor, which Gom- pers founded in 1881 and headed— with the exception of one year— un- til his death in 1924, was repre- sented, along with officials of many independent imions. Nearly all Standard Railroad Labor Organi- zations had delegates present.
The banquet was the "sendoff" for the Samuel Gompers' Centen- nial year. Local and state celebra- tions are to follow all over the country, and coupled with these, the Federation has established an organizing goal of a million new members in 1950 as a monument to Gompers.
Secretary-Treasurer George Meany of the A. F. of L., banquet toastmaster, set the keynote when he declared that the immigrant boy, who
came to these shores at the age of 13, was a great American "who believed in freedom for all."
"To Gompers, the United States came first," Meany said. "Running like a thread through his life was his love of country. He left a great heri- tage and a great responsibility, which we shall fulfill."
Barkley made a tremendous hit.
SAMUEL GOMPERS
One of his most attentive listeners was the lovely lady who became Mrs.
14
THE CARPENTER
Barkley only a few weeks ago. She sat beside him at the speakers' table.
The "Veep" started off in a light vein wdth a t\^pical Barkleyism that drew roars of laughter. Referring to the hundreds of vice-presidents of various unions present, he declared: "I didn't realize I'd have so much competition tonight. I haven't seen so many vice-presidents since I was inaugurated."
Then, in a serious note, he told of his acquaintance with Gompers in the days when he was a member of the House "I doubt there has e\'er been or ever can be a labor leader who can so indelibly impress his personality on the countr}'." Barkley declared.
"Samuel Gompers found America the land of promise," the Vice Presi- dent continued. "He helped to make it a land of fulfillment. The American way of life was humanized and en- riched by his life and his labors.
"He fought and won the battles against sweatshops and star\'ation wages, against industrial serfdom and oppression. He met and defeated the challenge of Communist attempts to control the labor movement. He be- lieved that in a free country free working men and women, acting to- gether of their own free will, could impro\-e their standard of living through democratic processes— history now records how right he was."
Barkley wound up by declaring, amid cheers, that the labor movement is "our greatest bulwark against un- democratic influences" and that so long as this movement remains strong, "Crackpots and others who want to overthrow our way of life will not succeed."
President Truman's appearance was the highlight of the affair. Few knew he was coming until Meany an- nounced that a committee of the Ex- ecutive Council had gone out to "es-
cort into this hall a great American and a great friend of the little people."
Wlien Truman came in a moment later, pandemonium followed. Guests cheered, whistled, pounded tables, and clapped hands as the Chief Ex- ecu ti\'e walked to the dais. They re- peated the outburst when he was formally introduced. Truman made his talk brief.
"I ha\'e been at the 'House' all even- ing working on two more messages to Congress," he said. "I was sitting there thinking of this celebration for ■ a great labor statesman and I just ' couldn't stay away.
"I remember Gompers distinctly as the originator of a great movement which set labor free.
"I remember when he passed away. That was the year I was defeated for re-election— and they haven't suc- ceeded in doing that to me since."
The sally about his victories brought a burst of laughter, which was re- peated when Truman declared: "Gom- pers was not only a labor statesman, in bipartisan sense, but as good a Democrat as I was."
"I consider it a high honor," Tru- man said, in closing, "to be asked to pay tribute to one of the greatest leaders who ever lived."
As Truman left, the audience gave him a third demonstration that shook the rafters.
Serious, extended eulogies to Gom- pers were delivered by two of his long-time associates— President Will- iam Green, and Vice-President Mat- thew Woll. Green has ably piloted the Federation since Gompers' death.
Green told how young Sam came from the slums of London to the tene- ments of New York City; how he learned the trade of cigarmaking, and while stni a youngster fought to build the Cigarmakers' union so as to wipe out the sweatshop conditions under which the toilers of his craft labored.
J
THE CARPENTER 15
Green described Gompers' achieve- Green said. "It is the kind of organ- ments as president of the Cigarmak- ization in which any free nation may ers, and recounted how he spear- take pride. It is part of the Hfestream headed the creation of the A. F. of L. of American democracy." in an era when workers had to strug- ,^, „ n i >-, , , gle every inch of the way with "cap- J^""^} '^""^^^^^ Gompers champion- tains of industry who were strong ^^^P °^ the prmciples of action by the and ruthless " workers through free, voluntary.
From 50,000 members in 1881, the ^on-governmental bodies. It was his
Federation grew to three million by conviction that no lasting gain has
the time Gompers' died and to almost ^^^^ ^«"^« *^«"^ compulsion."
eight million today, Green pointed "The life and labors of Gompers,"
out. Woll added, "impressively dramatize
"The organization he built stands the greatness of American democ-
today unchanged in basic principles," racy."— Labor
Canadian Labor Demands Action on Unemployment
The Trades and Labor Congress of Canada, in a joint letter concerning the unemployment situation to the Prime Minister and the Cabinet, with the Canadian Congress of Labor, has asked the Government to "take appropriate steps to meet what has become a national emergency." Pointing out "in the strongest possible manner" that "the unemployment situation in Canada has recently become so serious as to cause grave apprehensions," the letter urges the Government to "make the full facts known."
Though the published figures of claimants on the live unemployment reg- ister under the Unemployment Insurance Act for the month of October show a 90% increase over those for October, 1948, the regular monthly report on claims for benefits under the Act have been withheld for the last three months. Since then, it is known, the situation has 'l)ecome drastically worse." The two Congresses have protested "most emphatically" against this failure of the Gov- ernment to make known the figures on unemployment.
Reports available at the headquarters of the two Congresses indicate that the total now unemployed in Canada is more than 300,000. This would repre- sent more than six per cent of the total labor force. Though "it is evident that certain Communist groups, following their usual destructive tactics, are en- deavoring to exploit the situation," the letter urges the Government not to let this "justify any attempt to minimize it."
The letter, signed by Percy R. Bengough and A. R. Mosher, respectively Presidents of The Trades and Labor Congress of Canada and the Canadian Congress of Labor, reminds the Government of its repeated references to plans for taking care of increased unemployment. "We believe the time has come, if it is not in fact overdue, when these plans should be put into effect," said the letter, "and if they are not sufficient to meet the situation, then further steps must be taken."
"The Canadian Labor Movement is determined not to permit a repetition of the 'Hungry Thirties," the letter concluded.
5IP
THE REAL EXPERTS
According to a recent newspaper article, people are pawning their possessions at a much faster rate than tliey were last year. Now maybe the economists and statisticians have better yardsticks for measuring nation- al prosperity than pawn shop transactions, but for our money we will stick by the hock shop formula. \Vlien people have money they buy things. ^Vhen tliey run out of money, they take the things to "Honest Ben" or "Uncle Jake" for a buck or two in a hurry. The college professors may know a lot about what is going on in the nation, but "Honest Ben" or "Uncle Jake" knows more about what is going on in his own community than everyone else combined. When the pawn shop ovniers announced that articles for pawn are increasing, it is a lead pipe cinch that prosperity is slipping.
The traditional sign of the pawn shop is three balls hung over the door. In case you don't know what the sign means, you might as well accept Joe Paup's version. He says it means, "Two to one you don't get it back." i^ ^ i^
SAD BUT TRUE
Ignorance of the law is no excuse. Neither does it prevent the losing lawyer from col- lecting anyhow.
SUNNV
© 1949 (TaCC StAMa^iTZ
PRESIDENT
Sr/JMiy/Tz
**! shoulda known that you can't ignore a union man's rights!"
"The boss was so mad he ate the imioR contract, but he still found it binding!"
^ ¥ -¥■
THE POOR CAN'T WIN
With the budget now running heavily in the red, revisions in our tax program seem to be a foregone conclusion. Knowing this, the Big Business interests have already launched a program designed .to sell the nation on the idea that less of the tax load ought to be carried by the rich and more of it should be saddled on the backs of the poor. Recently a pamphlet bristling witli all sorts of fancy statistics "proving" this point came to our attention. After a close half-hour perusal of the pamphlet, we came to the conclusion it was a flop; it was too complicated to under- stand, and too small to vnrap our lunch in. In the end, all we could think of was the old one about the real estate agent's son who kept hearing his dad talk about deals involving millions.
One day the son came home and proudly announced: "Dad, I sold the dog."
"What for?" asked the father.
"For $10,000." rephed the boy.
"Where's the money?" continued the fa- ther.
"Oh, I didn't sell him for money," tlie lad explained. "I traded him for tvvo $5,000 cats."
THE CARPENTER 17
McGinnis and the Union Label
(Submitted by D. C. Noldy, Pres. Washington, D. C. District Council)
Mr. John W. McGinnis was for unions all the way;
He favored larger wages and a somewhat shorter day.
A walk-out always pleased him though he didn't have a cent.
But when the delegate said strike, McGinnis always went.
He did the shopping for his wife because he liked to know
That naught save the union articles were purchased with his dough.
Has it got the union label? McGinnis used to say,
Has it got the union label? Show it to me if you're able.
If it hasn't got the label take the bloomin' thing away.
McGinnis had no children though he hoped to have some day, And his wife who "seen her duty" was opinioned the same way. So when the stork arrived one day and brought a bouncing boy, McGinnis was elated— he was overcome with joy. He looked the baby over— his face wreathed in a grin- When all at once a thought occurred which filled him with chagrin.
Has it got the union label? McGinnis used to say.
Has it got the union label? Show it to me if you're able.
If it hasn't got the label take the bloomin' thing away.
Now John W. McGinnis was a man of good repute;
He went to church on Sunday in his union tailored suit.
Like so many other union men, he led a blameless life.
And when he died the neighbors said "the blow will kill his wife."
He reached the pearly gate on time as upright spirits do;
"Welcome," was Peter's greeting, and "I have a harp for you."
Has it got the union label? McGinnis used to say,
Has it got the union label? Show it to me if you're able.
If it hasn't got the label take the bloomin' thing away.
A UNIQUE BILL It will be interesting to follow the pro-
A freshman Congressman last month in- ff^ "^ J^ b^"- ^H'^^- *^'^ .^'."° f""^^
troduced in the House a bill which would, ^"^ *^* *« overwhelmmg majority of our
.£ 1 • u r^„ ^..^^o 4^^ fii^ Congressmen are scrupulously honest, at the
if passed, require all Congressmen, to fale * ^. , i -n ■ i ^ i i i r
r n J 1 . 1 ,4. ^r „ii • same time such a bill might be handy tor
a full and complete annual report ot all m- .. ,i i r fi . xr .i
come, including retainer fees from law separating the sheep from the goats. If noth-
partnerships. The latter kind of income has ^"g ^^'f ^l J^^^t this subject gives us an
caused some raised eyebrows on Capitol excuse for bringing up a story we like about
TTii rr i- u • „ • +-^ a bookkeeper who was being tried tor em-
HiU. It a corporation or business association , ,. , ^.^ .„. , ,,
hands out money to a legislator who is a bezzhng half a mil ion dollars over a twenty
lawyer, the matter could be construed as a l^^' P^""^ f^°"^ ^lie corporation employing bribe. On the other hand, if the legislator ^™"
is a lawyer and has a law firm back home, After listening to all the testimony, the
the firm can take "retainer fees" from com- J^dge said to the defendant: It seems vety
panics and associations on the theory that f Grange to me that you could keep on rob-
it is giving "legal services" in exchange, a ^ing that corporation for so long without
neat arrangement for any politicos who being caught.
might value a dollar more than personal "Well," replied the defendant, "the cor-
integrity. poration was pretty busy itself."
18
The Role of Workers' Education
MARK STARR Educational Director I.L.G.W.U.
I
"As the city grev: dyrlrig tlie latter half of the nineteentli centurii. insanitary conditions increased. It v:as a common practice to tlirou: garbage and papers into the street. Youngsters earned a feic coins tv standing at Broadu-ay near City Sail icitJi a iroom and, ichen a mayi or a icoman icanted to cross the street, they icould sweep a path through the muck." (Xeic York Times, ]^av. 19. 1948)
THIS XEWS STORY, incidental to the fact that New York was re\is- ing its old sanitan' code, seems innocuous enough. If, however, an alert teacher in Xew York City public schools were to use it in his civics class to explain that the private enterprise of the small bo}-s picking up pennies for ser\"ice with their brooms had perforce to be replaced by the public enter- prise of a permanent City Board of Health, that might be dangerous for his record and professional advancement. If he were further to show that private enterprise, when dangerous, has had to be regulated and in some cases to be replaced by public o^^^lership and operation of basic services, and that this process might have to be repeated, he would onh- deepen his crime. For even in Xew York Cit\- the intellectual un-
denvorld of frightened reaction in- fluences teachers, principals and supervisors; and some members of the Board of Education might re- gard such speculations as dangerous thoughts.
In contrast, effecti\-e workers' edu- cation must continually point out the inconsistencies of our social life (for example, X'ew York teachers who must teach cleanliness to their stu- dents despite the lack of soap and towels in the school washroom) and study the present to help build the future. Such critical alertness to chal- lenge and change is, of course, the basis of all good teaching procedures.
A time-honored stor}- about the dif- ference between workers' education and other forms runs thus: A diligent teacher in a home economics class had given a good lesson upon the
nutritive values of soup bones ob- tained for a few pennies at the butcher shop. She paused at the end to ask for questions and finally one gaimt Scotch lady at the back of the classroom demanded, "\Mio had the meat off those bones in the first place?" It is such probing and dis- turbing questions which workers' edu- cation must ask about our social sys- tem if it is to fill its roll as intellectual d\Tiamite. blazing the way through outmoded institutions to more dem- ocratic and just ways of li\'ing. It is this disturbing quality which makes workers' education suspect, both to the cloistered academic and the satis- fied supporter of the status quo.
In Britain workers' education, as advocated by the Xational Council of Labor Colleges, made its slogan "Education for Emancipation." The
THE CARPENTER
19
movement in other European coun- tries was also linked to the advocacy of social changes by consent. In the United States this phase has never been stressed because the circum- stances are different. The intellectual climate and the alignment of the con- tending social groups and forces re- flects a different geographic, eco- nomic and historic environment, the analysis of which goes beyond the scope of this article. But the chal- lenge of workers' education to ortho- dox education and the institutions which it supports is not by any means absent in the U.S.A.
II
Instead of the Three R's of the old- fashioned public school, workers' edu- cation might well be listed as teaching the Three D's, First of all, workers' education is a necessary discipline. In this age, when students "get by," when lecturers must be vaudeville artists, when wisdom must be trans- lated into would-be wise-cracks, when a deadly corrosion and a sapping of our moral fibre are indicated by the give-away radio shows, the sugges- tive sexy nature of our tabloid news- papers and by many of our movies- such a discipline is vitally necessary. While the Harvard Report may not have evoked general consent in every particular, its reference to the ever- increasing and unprecedented debili- tation of the public mind by radio, mOvies, newspapers and comics com- pel general approval.
Elsewhere the writer in a paper, "The Menace of Social Illiteracy," has described the dangerous competition now faced by the modern educator in the mass media of communication just mentioned which now overshad- ow the home, school and church in the formation of public opinion. We all see the long lines of eager, excited kids outside our movies on Saturday
mornings for the doubtful fare pro- vided. When, as now, television en- ables us to hear and see more about beer or to watch two otherwise grown-up men nose peanuts across the contest floor to win the sponsor's product, men's inventive genius seems perverted to futility. One pathetically recalls Hamlet's "W^hat a piece of work is man! ... in form and moving how express and admirable!"
In confirmation of the writer's anx- iety, the summary given by J. Donald Adams in the New York Times Book Review (Sept. 12, 1948) may be cited:
"Our favorite recreational reading deals in elaborately concocted means of murder- ing each other; the movies are still search- ing for the ultimate in violence that can be crowded into an hour and a half on the screen; the last thing you will find in the comics is a laugh; the picture magazines are apparently determined to probe the re- lation between the seeing eye and the quiet stomach. No sooner have we adjusted our- selves with a released monster in the form of atomic energy than we are bombarded with books telling us that even if we escape atomic and biological warfare, the human race is a gone goose anyway unless it stops plundering its resources, and pronto.
"The opinion poll— one of the smartest conjuring stunts the Devil has thought up since he started in business— tells us what we think even before we have made up our minds. (Written before Nov. 2, 1948.) It is only one phase of our favorite sport of frightening one another with statistics, which are the inost grotesque false-faces made in our time. If ever we take to worshiping bra- zen images, ours will be a monstrous neon numeral set up in Times Square and its country- wide equivalents. A statistician's handful of incipient exhibitions and confes- sion-starved individuals submits to detailed questioning on its sex habits, and the pub- lished results are received like a carved tab- let from Sinai."
Workers' education helps the work- er, despite the pressure of making a living and the many claims upon his leisure, to take himself in hand and make serious and consecutive study
20
THE CARPEXTER
of some dndsion of the social sciences or to acquire skills in public speaking and parliamentary law and political activit}' by the tool course of the workers' education program. Impor- tantly, such study is usually made by groups, composed of individuals shar- ing the same problems. The advan- tages of group approach as contrasted with the solitary burning of the mid- night oil are ob\"ious to all who ha\'e enjoyed the stimulation of group dis- cussion by adults of wide and di\'er- sified experience and under compe- tent guidance.
Such groups at their best accept the creed of W. K. Clifford, the Brit- ish scientist, who said that we should try "to do as weU as possible what we can do best; to work for the im- provement of the social organization; to seek earnestly after truth and only to accept pro^-isionally opinions one has not enquired into; to regard men as comrades in work and their free- dom as a sacred thing; in fact, to rec- ognize the enormous and fearful dff- ference between truth and falsehood, right arid wrong, and how truth and right are to be got b}' free enquiry
The immediate purpose of workers' education in the U.S.A. is to train for trade imion service. In vocational ed- ucation workers hope to learn more to earn more; but increased technical education, helping the worker to pro- duce more, does not mean that the workers as such get more. \\'orkers' education is also differentiated from hobbies and the stud\" of the humani- ties by its practical application for group purposes. Courses for n e w members, training for union officers, the specialized study of the econom- ics of given industries and the histor}- of particular unions and of the gen- eral labor movement with analvsis of
their structure and functioning enjoy priority. Summer institutes, sometimes utilizing the staff and plant of colleges and universities, seem the most effec- tive agency in recent years. Most progress is made when the unions on a national or state level set up their own educational departments, which make articulate the unions' needs, and participate in preparation and execu- tion of educational programs when cooperation is given by the institu- tions of higher learning.
An evaluation of the experiments aheady made by some 60 institutions of higher learning in the field of labor relations has been made by Caroline Ware in "Labor and the Universities" (American Labor Education Senice, 1946;. Such cooperation has its o\^tl ■ dangers as recently ex-posed at the ' L'niversit}- of Michigan. Here a suc- cessful Workers Education Extension project, serving some 60,000 trade unionists, was suspended and its leader dismissed because of com- plaints instigated by General Motors. ' At present \\Titing, the project has been re\ived but has been robbed of its pre\-ious freedom to experiment, its flexibilit}- to carr}- classes into the workshop and union haU and of its originating personnel.
Ill
Workers' education should, in the second place, be a directive. So far, in the United States, the labor unions and their leaders, under the early and continuing influence of Samuel Gom- pers, have prided themselves upon ha\-ing no philosophy and no agreed ultimate aims. Thus they proved that they were native to the pragmatic ch- mate of the U.S.A. However, this phase is passing— for the trade unions and indeed for the United States it- self. The labor movement generally must begin to formulate aims which will direct its action for the next cen-
THE CARPENTER
21
tury and more. When unions were small, their relation to the community, the nation and the world was not so important; they could operate safely by rule of thumb. But what over 15 million workers and their relatives do —since the New Deal decade brought Labor unprecedented strength— h a s significance and can no longer be left to instinctive reactions.
Because orthodox educational insti- tutions do not feel or understand the motivation of the labor movement and do not, except in rare cases, sympa- thize with the aims and ideals of or- ganized labor, they cannot of them- selves give this directive. Even if they were able to formulate a philosophy for Labor, it is not likely that it would be accepted with confidence. A new outlook cannot be an intellectual hand-me-down. Movements, like men, have to sweat out their own philoso- phy and apply it if it is to mean any- thing.
To be anti-Communist or anti-Fas- cist is not enough. Labor must have a positive program. Despite the fact that the leaders of the American Fed- eration of Labor, the Congress of In- dustrial Organizations and the Rail- road Brotherhoods all give lip service to private enterprise and sometimes use collectivism as a threat to recal- citrant employers, it seems clear that that the philosophy of Labor will be based upon and influenced by the New Deal experiences of 1933-43. The voluntarism of Gompers— who looked upon the State with the same sus- picion as Herbert Spencer— has been eroded rather than abandoned. Never again will there be a depression dur- ing which the people of the U.S.A. will not expect a repetition of the remedies improvised during the 1930's. Never will there be a large- scale problem of flood prevention,
utilization of water-power, and of ir- rigation and land conservation with- out a reference to the success of the TVA. Free enterprise will be ex- pected to be responsible free enter- prise—responsible to the community in which it operates. (The outcry by local conservatives in Nashua, N. H., against the proposal by Textron and its head, Mr. Little, to abandon its mills and discharge 3000 workers is a current example of the responsibili- ty expected.) Free enterprise will in- clude both public and private enter- prise. The community will conscious- ly use the powers of its government for welfare purposes. We shall do to- gether as citizens through the agency of the state what we cannot do as in- dividuals. Maybe this will be called democratic collectivism and maybe it will not be given an accepted label. In essence, it will mean social plan- ning plus the Bill of Rights. It will mean a re-education for us all in our concepts of success. It will mean new incentives of social service. It will mean freedom and security.
This outlook will be first developed by workers' education because it is a new force developed from below. Nevertheless, all men and women of social intelligence in every social stra- tum will aid to develop and apply this new frame of reference.
IV
The other great service of workers' education is to serve as a dynamic. Group study of problems in workers' education fails unless it results in group action for their attempted solu- tion. It cannot be content with the right to ask questions. "Knowledge for the sake of knowledge" is equiva- lent to saying "garbage cans for the sake of garbage cans." Acquirement of knowledge by itself is an incom- plete procedure. Knowledge must be a guide and a spur to action if it is
22
THE CARPENTER
going to rescue itself from sterilit}'. The dilettante must be replaced by the social activist. Theory and prac- tice must ever be in mutual and bene- ficial reaction, the one to the other. You cannot drive safely by looking only in the rear mirror. News from the graveyard and philosophic mean- darings about past civilization are of little help to men and women faced with the problems of the insecurity of life, the struggle to elevate standards of life and the threat of modern war.
Belief and education should end in action. For example, a theoretical be- lief in world unity is of little value unless we tr}- to make UNESCO func- tion effectively. Education should not only teach us what to do but how to do it; not only how to think but what to think in such a way as to influence oiu" fellow citizens. In all this, of course, education can become per- nicious if directed to create antagon- ism against another group. This dan- ger we have seen demonstrated at great peril and with immeasurable cost to humanity in the Fascist and Soviet states. In the U. S. A. also we must be aware of the same danger arising from the activity of our pro- fessional patriots who would inter- pret patriotism as the hatred of other peoples' countries instead of love of their own. Nero fiddling while Rome burned seems, in comparison, a harm- less pyromaniac compared to those who, after Hiroshima, still hymn na- tionalist hates and rivalries. Surely in a world in which technical science has split the atom, social science must unite that world and quickh'!
Education, as the tongues in Aesop's fable, can be the best and the worst thing in the world. Education which aimlessly distracts our attention to trifles; education which poisons with ideas of nationalist and racial superi-
ority ond sovereignty'; and even edu- cation which is fixed in a fluid world —all are positive dangers.
These are the Three D's of workers' education; as a discipline, a directive and a d>Tiamic, which give it an im- portant role in our endeavor to de- fend, build and enrich Democracy. One should not, however, expect too much from the beginnings of workers' education but it will serve as a leaven in the workers' movement despite the relative poverty of its present facilities relative to its potentiality. The per- version of mass media to distraction and amusement creates definite ob- stacles to workers' education. Yet it is encouraging to report that the mod- em mass media are being influenced by the great advance of Labor which began so notedly in 1933. Some of these media, including the "comics," are being sublimated. Labor is at- taining a sense of responsibility equiv- alent to its increased power. The experience of the Taft-Hartley Act convinced it that what the govern- ment could give, the government could take away, and that Labor would have to think out new meth- ods and aims in political action. Al- ready it has increased participation by union members in the privilege of voting. Labor is anxious and willing to improve its own organization and to improve the techniques of Labor- Management cooperation. It is anx- ious to study the function of labor unions in industries and ser^aces owned or operated by public bodies. It is willing to replace the oldtime psychology of conflict with a new psychology of cooperation. It is pre- pared to exercise a constructive in- fluence in industry which intelligent Management will welcome. All these trends make workers' education in- dispensable in building and defend- ing real democracy.
Editorial
The Story Has Never Been Told
The battle of organized labor to protect the rights and interests of working people is a never ending one. It goes on day in and day out. All too few people— and unfortunately this is almost as true of union members as it is of the general public— realize how far flung and involved are the efforts unions make to promote the welfare of the people who belong to them. A thousand times a day one union or another goes to bat for a member who was discharged without just cause. Hardly any hour of any working day goes by but what some union uses its good offices to secure back pay or unpaid wages or proper seniority for some member or members.
Everyone realizes that unions concern themselves with bettering wages and working conditions as much as possible. But the small though highly important services which unions perform day in and day out for the protec- tion of individual members often go unnoticed and unsung. Just the other day a member of a Local Union in California received a dividend of some- thing like $23,000 from his union membership. Seriously injured in an acci- dent, he became unable to follow his trade. A paltry $1,800 was the best set- tlement Workmen's Compensation Insurance offered him. However, that was before the union took up his case. After the union took up his case the picture changed completely. After a good deal of negotiating, the union finally came out with a settlement that will pay the member nearly $25,000 in the next few years.
Nor is there anything unusual in this case. The story has been repeated a thousand times in difiFerent sections of the nation since Workmen's Compen- sation Insurance became the law of the land through the untiring efforts of organized labor.
Only recently organized labor in the states of Washington and California succeeded in overthrowing a pernicious ruling that was beating numerous unemployed workers out of unemployment insurance. In both states the un- employment insurance departments handed down rulings that idle workers drawing down jobless benefits were not entitled to such benefits if and when the unions to which they belonged went on strike in the plants where they formerly worked. Althought the men may have been laid off because of slack- ness of business long before the strikes occurred, the state authorities ruled nevertheless that they were not entitled to benefits because if they had been working at the time the strikes were called they would have walked out. Such far fetched and illogical reasoning only emphasizes how far some state authorities will go in an effort to beat down claims of working people. It would seem quite as logical to convict for murder a man who lived on the east coast because he was once the pal of two men who committed a murder on the west coast.
However, there is a happy ending to the story. Organized labor in the two states did not take the rulings lying down. All unions in the state pro-
(Continued on page 26)
MY NEW CAPEHAR
IN JUST O
r^C^^ /UHi^ for only $49.i
YOU CAN CONVERT YOUR PORTAB
ELECTRIC SAW INTO A PRECISIC
PORTABLE RADIAL ARM SAW
• Yes ... If you want to turn out hetter work, eat and with less fatigue, the new Capehart Saw G \ is the tool for you! Here's why:
The new Capehart Saw Gide fills the cry| need for a top-quahty, portable, precision "on ( job" saw guide that does everything you cano with the big, unwieldy, high-priced radial an saws — plus some things you can't do with thei;
CROSS-CUTS — BEVEL CROSS-CUTS- MITRES— BEVEL MITRES — RIPS — BEVEL RIPS — NOTCHES — DADOES*— PLOUGHS* RABBETS* — All these operations, and more, the new Capehart performs with speed, pre- cision and ease! (*with proper cutting head)
Now, for the first time, you can have the proii sional saw guide with all the advanced featii demanded by skilled craftsmen . . . at the senx tional low price of only $49.95, complete, includi ripping attachment.
And you can set your new Capehart up m on the job, in 5 minutes, wherever two trestles t available. Don't delay a single day! Put U quality tool to work for you at once. Just use ifij order coupon at the bottom of the facing page . .
SAW GIDE PAID FOR ITSELF
DAY'S WORK OH THE JOB!
The Precision Tool of 1001 Uses!
ONLY THE NEW CAPEHART GIVES YOU THESE EXCLUSIVE ADVANTAGES:
->• (1) Your total cost only $49.95, including ripping at- tachment, for converting your electric saw to precision portable radial arm saw.
> (2) Your saw retains complete portability. Sets up right on the job wherever two trestles are available.
->- (3) Operates with maximum safety and ease. Fully ad- justable for precision control of all work without tedious measurements.
->- (4) Cross cuts approximately 18 inches, and rips 24 inches. Maximum travel 21 inches, angle of cut up to 180 degrees. Quickly, easily produces accurate repetitive work. ->■ (5) Shipping weight (not including saw) approximately 30 lbs. Easy to set up — in less than 5 minutes — easy to use. ■>- (6) Fits standard popular makes of saws. With proper cutting head, performs brilliantly in cutting stone, metal, composition, as well as wood.
> (7) Rigid, sturdy construction for Zorag-Zi/e and precis jo/i operation.
■>■ (8) Protects your electric saw against damage. Always on guide. Always ready for use.
> (9) Gives better workmanship with less effort. Makes the hard jobs easy! Quickly pays for itself!
You Be the Judge! Satisfaction Guaranteed! Mail Order Below!
YOUR ORDER -MAIL TODAY!
Ship My Capehart Saw Gide M Once. I enclose (check or money order) for $49.95. If my Capehart Sow Gide does not do everything your advertisement claims — and more — it is my privilege to return in 5 doys, undamaged, for complete refund of purchase price.
Name.
Address-.
City :
Mclce and Model of Your Saw.
.Zone.
State.
Including Ripping Attach.
(f.o.b. Indianapolis)
PACKARD MANUFACTURING CORP.
Dept. CI • Noble at Market • Indianapolis, Indiana
26 THE CARPENTER
(Continued from page 23)
tested vehemently, contending that under such decisions, only idle workers wilhng to "scab" could qualify for unemployment insurance benefits. Further, labor chiefs contended such rulings violated the minimum standards laid down in the Federal Social Security Act.
State unemployment insurance systems must meet these standards in order to qualify for Federal tax credits under the internal revenue credit. Denial of such credits means employers in the state involved would have to pay both the state and Federal unemployment insm^ance levies on payrolls.
Imposition of the penalty was averted when representatives of the states, at hearings called by Secretary of Labor Maurice J. Tobin, agreed to alter the rulings and abide by the Federal standards. As a result, Tobin certified both states as in conformity with Federal law, and hence entitled to unemployment insurance credits for 1950.
The story of what organized labor has done and is doing to make the lot of all people, particularly working people, happier and better would fill many, many books. It is a story that has never been properly told. Perhaps it never will be. In the end, it probably does not matter too much. So long as unions continue serving as they have in the past, they will undoubtedly continue to flourish and prosper. •
Let's Separate The Sheep From The Goats
Before the second session of the 81st Congress was more than a couple of weeks old, the working people of the nation won a significant victory in the House of Representatives. The victorious vote did not call for an increase in Social Security benefits, nor did it repeal the obnoxious Taft-Hartley Law. What it did do was insure that democratic procedure shall prevail in the House —something that may, in the long run, prove even more important, since with- out it no progressive legislation would have any chance of passing.
For a good many years the Rules Committee maintained a virtual dictator- ship over new legislation in the House. Before any bill could be brought up on the floor of the House for action, it was necessary for the bill to clear the Rules Committee first. Time after time good measures were bottled up and sti"angled in this committee, and there was nothing anyone could do about it. All that the hundreds of Representatives elected by the people in democratic elections could do was sit around biting their nails if some half dozen mem- bers of the Rules Committee chose to sit on a bill.
However, after the fine showing made by labor at the polls in 1948, the complexion of Congress was changed considerably. The progressive forces in the House were strengthened considerably. By a substantial majority, the first House session of the current Congress voted to rescind the Rules Committee dictatorship and substitute in its stead a new rule which permitted the chair- man of any standing committee to bring on the floor of the House any bill which was favorably acted on by his committee, provided that the Rules Com- mittee had not done so within a three week period. But for this democratic rule revision, much of the favorable legislation passed by the House last year would never have seen the light of day. It would have died in the Rules Com- mittee.
In a surprise move right after Congress went back into session last month, the reactionary elements started a move to abolish the democratic new rule and substitute in its stead the old Rules Committee dictatorship which existed
THE CARPENTER 27
for many years. They almost succeeded, but after a hard fight they were voted down by a small margin. So the democratic rule stays in for the time being at least. Labor led the democratic fight.
Frank Edwards, AFL commentator, in a broadcast last month revealed how vicious the old Rules Committee gag actually was. Somehow or other he ob- tained an actual transcription of a meeting at which the Rules Committee re- form was being discussed. Edwards played a portion of the transcription over the air. Millions of people must have heard Senator Cox admitting that it was not unusual for a Congressman to approach the Rules Committee and ask that the committee bottle up a bill for which the Congressman was supposedly working. In other words, the Rules Committee gag rule gave unscrupulous Congressmen a chance to go on record FOR a bill while actually they worked AGAINST it.
That such chicanery should go on in the greatest legislative body in the world is a little bit disillusioning. However, it seems to be a not uncommon practice. There are all sorts of tricks by which politicians try to do the same thing. Every legislative procedure that permits Congressmen to pose as sheep while acting like goats ought to be abolished. It ought to be clear to the people at all times just exactly where every elected official stands on every
controversial measure. Altogether too much hedging exists at present.
•
Registering — the Biggest Job of All
by JOSEPH D. KEENAN, Director Labor's League for Political Education
The International Unions and national, state and local organizations of the AFL have done a magnificent job of getting the truth to their eight million members about the legislative issues and the voting records of their Congress- men. Through the labor press, radio programs, League rallies and local union meetings, through word of mouth by shop stewards and League volunteer workers, our AFL membership is getting more and better political informa- tion than ever before. The majority of our members now have sound opinions about their Congressmen. They know which are good and which are bad.
But when it comes to putting that opinion into action at the polls, we have to be very humble.
The story of Vincent Murphy, Secretary of the New Jersey Federation, is now legend. A few years ago Murphy took a bad licking when he ran for gover- nor. But before the ballots were counted, everyone was confident that he would win. All they had to do was add up the number of union members in New Jersey, and it was obvious that the unions alone had enough votes to elect him.
What went wrong? Murphy conducted an investigation . . . one of the first of its kind in the country. He found that the AFL members had not voted against him. Instead, they just didn't vote at all. Less than a third of the AFL members were registered. Of these only about one half voted on election day. Murphy got only one of every sLx potential AFL votes. But as the final clincher, Murphy discovered that his two chief campaign managers were NOT REGISTERED, and could not vote for him.
Don't pass this New Jersey experience off as past history. The same situa- tion still exists today in many states and in many unions. Registration drives are hard, thankless work. In spite of the great increase in registration achieved by our local Leagues in the last two years, surveys show we have just scratched the surface.
28 THE CARPENTER
For example, a check of the local union membership lists is just being com- pleted in Baltimore. The local League reports that in one union only 13 per cent of the members are registered. The highest for any local is 50 per cent registered. On the average only one out of four union members is registered.
Is that bad? No, it is typical . . . unfortunately. The bright side to the story is that the Baltimore League is doing something about it. By starting early, they will have eveiy Baltimore union member's name checked and catalogued on file cards six months ahead of the final registration date. They know it will take that long to get results.
How will they get their Baltimore members all registered? First, a dupli- cate card for every unregistered member v^ill be sent to his respective local union secretary. It is up to each secretary to get in touch with his unregistered members. This can be done in person, by mail or through the shop stewards. Some unions have political stewards for each shop to do the job.
As members get themselves registered, their cards will be sent back to the central LLPE office. If the local union is unsuccessfvil in getting all members registered, the cards for the unregistered members will be turned o\'er to the League precinct committeemen to go to work on.
Finally, the members whose names are still in the "unregistered file" will get a concentration of appeal from all sides when night registration in each precinct is temporarily authorized in Baltimore this summer.
It is the local union officers who must carry the load in this registration drive all over the country. But to no one is the job more important. If they don't do the job, the difference will show up in dollars and cents . . . dollars and cents less in the contracts they negotiate . . . dollars and cents more in legal fees to fight vicious labor laws and court decisions.
Many unions have developed their own techniques for getting their mem- bers registered. There is a local union in Kansas that turned the job over to the women's auxiliary . . . needless to say they got an absolute 100 per cent registration. In one Ohio county the building trades locals check the registra- tion of members before sending them out on jobs. There is one AFL Interna- tional Union that requires registration as a condition of membership. The job can be done. All it takes is a little imagination and a lot of hard work.
In my travels around the country, I have heard a disturbing new line passed out by the reactionaries and taken seriously by some of our peox^le. The line is that this fellow or that feUow can't be beaten . . . that we can't find a good enough candidate . . . that it takes too much money to win. If we had listened to that line in 1948, Joe Ball couldn't have been beaten. Revercomb couldn't have been beaten. Hubert Humphrey and Paul Douglas would not now be United States Senators. All of these were hundred to one shots, but the voters on election day proved the crepe hangers and the pollsters wrong.
We did more in 1948 than we had ever done before in carrying our end of the load on election day. But we can and must do much better. The biggest job of all is getting every AFL member registered to be a voter on election day.
When we have done our part in making sure that all of our members are qualified and informed voters, we can insist that the political parties put forth liberal candidates worthy of our support. Then and only then can we say that we are effectively carrying out the Gompers policy of "rewarding our friends and defeating our enemies."
THE LOCKER
By JOHN HART, Local Union 366, New York, N. Y.
Check books being very commonly used nowadays, we're giving this check business a going-over for the benefit of those not already familiar with the set-up. This information applies generally to all checks, but Special Checking Accounts because of their usually small balances may have slightly varying regulations.
New York Feb. 1, 1950
CORN EXCHANGE BANK TRUST COMPANY 1-45
Burnside Branch
Pay to
the order oi^-Fred Green $9.no/oo
--Nine and no/oo dollars.
James Lee
Fred Green is called the payee of the above check. James Lee is the maker.
The number 1-45 is the bank's code nimiber. When a check is deposited this number is noted before the amount on tlie deposit slip, which eliminates the necessity of writing the full name and location of The Corn Exchange Bank.
This check is worthless until Fred Green endorses it exactly as made out. If made payable to Freddy Greene, the endorsement must read that way. Green should sign his name in the correct way directly underneath. The proper place for endorsement is on the back, left end. It is still O. K. if placed elsewhere.
The words PAY TO THE ORDER OF make this a negotiable paper. Once endorsed by Green The Corn Exchange will pay nine dollars to any other person in proper poss- ession. Re-endorsements may run all tlie way to the bottom. Payment will be made to the last endorser provided the check is otherwise acceptable.
If Green intends to deposit this check he should immediately write on the back FOR DEPOSIT ONLY. A check so marked cannot be cashed if lost or stolen.
Green might want to cash it at Lee's bank. He endorses it, and Lee writes underneath —Signature O. K. James Lee. Using discretion, the bank will cash it.
If Green doubts the worth of this check, Lee has it stamped CERTIFIED by his bank. Enough funds are set aside from Lee's account to cover the check, which will be used to make payment only on this check when presented.
If Green can't sign his name because of illiteracy or disability he endorses wdth an X in the presence of two witnesses, something like this:
Fred Green X his mark. Witnesses to his mark: Joseph Brown (Address)
Robert White (Address)
Green must make the X himself or touch the pen while another makes it.
If the above check was undated. Green may date it only for the day received.
A check dated for a Sunday or holiday is a legal check.
A post-dated check cannot be deposited or cashed until tliat date arrives.
If your check book is not available you may use a blank check by filling in the name and location of your bank. These blank checks are available at most business places for that purpose. A check make out on a piece of white paper of ordinary check size can be used in an emergency, if tlie payee accepts it.
It is not advisable to use the check of another bank by crossing out the name and sub- stituting that of your own bank. This could be considered an altered check. Banks are not obligated to accept any altered check.
Number your checks consecutively for identification, if not numbered already. Write in the amount in the stub first. If you wrote the check first you might forget the stub and have no record as to the amount and payee.
30 THE CARPENTER
Write the figures close to the $ sign and the written amount close up to the left, with a stroke before, and a long line after. This is a safeguard against what is called filling. Make a line after the payee's name also.
If your figures read $13.00 and the writing Fifteen dollars your bank can legally pay off on the written amount. Usually such checks are returned.
Always make your signature in the same way, and preferably with the same style pen. Your bank has one signatm-e on file. Stick to that one.
Any information as to what the check is for, may be put in the lower left comer or on the back over the endorsement line. This acts as a receipt.
Don't make a check payable to CASH or BEARER. Anyone can cash it easily.
Don't make a habit of signing blank checks. They may be lost or stolen.
Payment of a check may be stopped by telegram or phone if later confirmed in writing. After it has been recorded paid by your bank it is too late.
The death of the maker before the check is presented makes it unpayable.
Don't make erasm-es on any important part of a check. It may be refused.
If you deposit checks to the amount of $100.00 on Monday you cannot draw on these funds on Tuesday. You must wait a few days until they have been cleared through and collected and the amount is entered to your credit.
When depositing bills give the teller a break. Keep the largest bills on top, face up and looking front. The smallest bills should be on the bottom.
Among the many reasons for a check's return are Post dated, (dated ahead) Stale dated, (old check) Endorsement wrong, Alteration, Filling, Signature incorrect. Maker deceased. And the most common of all, INSUFFICIENT FUxNDS.
You are not expected to write a foolproof check. You are expected to be reasonably care- ful. You stand the loss if carelessness or irregularity on your part is responsible for it. PLAY SAFE AND WATCH YOUR BALANCE.
Wm. L. Hutcheson to Aid Heart Drive
General President Wm. L. Hutcheson, will serve as a member of the National Labor Committee of the 1950 Heart Campaign, it was announced last month.
The $6,0(X),000 fund-raising drive wil take place during the month of February and will be conducted by the American Heart Association, and its aflBliates throughout the country, to support a program of scientific research, public education and community servdce.
In a letter addressed to President Hutcheson, inviting his cooperation, Sec- retary of Labor Maurice J. Tobin, Chairman of the National Labor Commit- tee's 1950 Heart Campaign, wrote:
"Diseases of the heart and blood vessels are our nation's leading cause of death. They kill more than 600,000 Americans annually and are responsible for more deaths than the next five most important causes of death combined."
Responding to Labor Secretary Tobin's invitation to serve with him as a member of the Committee, President Hutcheson stated:
"I desire to express my gratitude in your extending to me an invitation to serve with you as a member of the National Labor Committee in aiding the success of the 1950 Heart Campaign. Being desirous and willing at all times to assist mankind in every possible way, I accept your invitation.'
31
More Wages Mean More Jobs
•
ACROSS THE editorial desk of this journal pass hundreds upon hundreds of pieces of mail each week. Some of it is important correspondence from Local Unions and State and District Councils, some of it is bouquets or brickbats from readers, some of it is information from government and labor sources, but a good deal of it is pure propaganda from various agencies. In the last five years at least a hundred new propaganda agencies have sprung up to promote the welfare of special interest groups. But good or bad, all of it has to be read.
By a strange coincidence, two pieces of mail dealing with the same sub- ject were picked up together one day last month. One piece was a postcard from a member of the Brotherhood in a medium-sized California city, and the other was a copy of the January issue
of the American Federation of Labor Monthly Survey, the bulletin which the AFL statistical department pub- lishes to keep unions informed of economic developments. The post- card was short and very much to the point. It said:
"Work is very slack in this area. Many men are unemployed and al- ready many workers are starting to lose their homes and their posses- sions. High prices are working a great hardship on many people. Can't something be done to bring down the cost of living?"
The Monthly Survey takes a look at the economic prospects for 1950 and comes to the conclusion that many other sections of the nation will feel the same economic pinch the workers in the California city are already feeling unless purchasing power is increased through reason- ably substantial wage increases with- out price increases.
Workers look forward to 1950 with much concern over the increase in un-
employment which seems sure to de- velop, the AFL Monthly Survey be- lieves.
Prospects for the first 6 months are fairly bright, but a slackening of in- dustrial activity at least equal to that of last summer seems likely in the second half year.
To reach our national goal of main- taining "full" production and employ- ment, demand for industry's products must increase enough each year to create jobs for all new workers join- ing the labor force and for those laid off by labor-saving devices. In 1947 and 1948 (and during the war) de- mand was ample to create these jobs and we had "full employment." Gross national product in 1947 and 1948 was the sum total of all products and ser- vices turned out by all industries at maximum employment levels. But in 1949, for the first time in 8 years, demand fell short, production drop- ped below "full employment" levels and unemployment rose by 1,300,000 (year's average).
32
THE CARPENTER
Prospects are bright for the first half year. Total business volume should about equal 1949 through May or June of 1950. But this will not be enough to expand production and create jobs for new workers, so unemployment in the first half year will edge upward, exceeding 1949 by perhaps a million.
A down trend is likely in the sec- ond half of 1950.
The prospective business decline after mid-1950 is a challenge to man- agement and labor to find a solution without an increase in government spending. It will test the ability of our free enterprise system to main- tain "full" production and employ- ment. Our economy is strong and healthy. Reserves of buying power are large, in personal savings, and undistributed profits of corporations; business working capital is strong.
We face in 1950 not a depression, but another business readjustment which need not be disruptive if we take the right steps to meet it. Sev- eral constructive developments are possible. A gradual price decline will release more buying power; con- tinued spending by business to im- prove equipment would maintain em- ployment and increase productivity; reduction in the many taxes paid by consumers would enable them to buy more of the durable goods they want and need. We do not attempt here to list other proposals. A construc- tive program could only be worked out by competent representatives of management, labor and other groups.
We do however point out some per- tinent facts which all working people ought to realize:
A large increase in workers' buying will be essential in 1950. If every worker in the U. S. could receive a
10-cent wage increase, some $8,000,- 000,000 would be added to consumer buying power, nearly all of which would immediately be spent for liv- ing necessities. This would be enough to reverse the prospective downward trend of business and start a rise. But with lower profits in prospect for 1950, many companies would hesitate to give such increases unless earned by reducing costs.
Most American managements have never seriously tried to co-operate with unions by submitting cost data and assuring union members of a fair share in the saving that could be made by joint eflFort to reduce costs. Some amazing results could be ac- complished if workers were given week by week cost records, so they could see the results of their efforts, and management agreed to share the savings with them, determining the just wage increase by collective bar- gaining negotiations.
At least a goal could be set of 7, 10 or 15 cents more in wages through cost reduction. If management recog- nized the need for an immediate in- crease in workers' buying power and agreed to such a program of coopera- tive effort to raise wages, the battle against business recession would be well on the way to victory. It is clear of course that wages must be raised without causing a general increase in living costs.
Productivity has climbed consis- tently ever since the end of the war. In the last twelve or fifteen months it has climbed ever faster. In that in- creased productivity lies the chief hope of defeating unemployment. If the increased productivity is trans- lated into increased purchasing power through higher wages, the demand for goods can be maintained at a level that will insure full employment.
Official Information
General 0£Bcers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS
of AMERICA
Obnbbal Office : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Gbnebal President
WM. L. HUTCHBSON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
FiBST QlNBBAL TICB-PRBSIDENT
M. A. HUTCHBSON Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Acting Sbcebtakt
ALBERT E. FISCHER
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Second General Vice-President
JOHN R. STEVENSON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Treasurer
S. P. MEADOWS
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Executive Board First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, JR. Fifth District, R. E. ROBERTS
111 E. 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y. 3819 Cuming St., Omaha, Nebr.
Second District, O. WM. BLAIBR 933 B. Magee, Philadelphia 11, Pa.
Sixth District, A. W. MDIR Box 1168, Santa Barbara, Calif.
Third District, HARRY SCHWARZER 1248 Walnut Ave., Cleveland, O.
Seventh District, ARTHUR MARTEL 3560 St. Lawrence, Montreal, Que., Can.
Fourth District, ROLAND ADAMS 712 West Palmetto St., Florence, S. C.
WM. L. HUTCHESON. Chairman ALBERT E. FISCHER, Acting Secretary
All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the Acting Secretary
NOTICE
It is important that the Bond Report of your Trustees, for the six months ending De- cember 31, 1949 be completed and returned to the General 0£Bce as soon as possible. Blanks for the Reports have been mailed and local unions failing to receive same should notify the General Office.
NEW CHARTERS ISSUED
3179 Salamanca, New York 1537
3194 Salamanca, New York 3180
-1392 New Glasgow, N. S., Canada 1600
3186 Southampton, Ont., Canada 1601
'1402 Chicago, Illinois 1603
1413 Ottawa, Ohio 1617
1450 Sturgis, Michigan 1619
1463 Omaha, Nebraska 1621
1482 Key West, Florida 1681
1533 Two Rivers, Wisconsin
Falls City, Nebraska Carson, Washington Sheetharbour, N. S., Canada Little Rock, Arkansas Huntsville, Texas Greenfield, Indiana Picton, Ont., Canada Homer, Alaska Hornell, New York
5(n m
^3tt0rta;m
Not lost to those that love them. Not dead, just gone before;
They still live in our memory. And will forever more
%t&i in '^tsctt
Th» Editor has been reqaemted to publiah the natnem •/ the following Brotherm who have patted away.
ROBBERT ADAMS, L. U. 225, Atlanta, Ga. FRANK B. ALLEN, L. U. 207, Chester, Pa. JAMES E. ALLEN, L. U. 627, Jacksonville, Fla. FRANK ALTOBELLO, L. U. 322, Niagara Falls,
N. Y. AARON AUSTIN, L U. 344, Waukesha, Wis. MARTIN BAYER, L. U. 64 Louisville, Ky. JOSEPH BENSON, L. U. 1441, Canonsburg,
Pa. HERMANN BLUETHNER, L. U. 419, Chicago,
111. ERNEST BRAMER, L. U. 64, Louisville, Ky. G. F. BRYANT, L. U. 225, Atlanta, Ga. C. E. BURNS, L. U. 226, Portland, Ore. MARTIN I. BYERLY, L. U. 64, Louisville, Ky. VICTOR C. CARRARA, L. U. 67, Boston, Mass. E. L. DAY, L. U. 64, Louisville, Ky. CILERT DIERKS, L. U. 1784, Chicago, 111. EDWARD DOLLATH, L. U, 1784, Chicago, 111. HARVEY DRASHER, L. U. 129, Hazelton, Pa. ALEX DUTRE, L. U. 8, Philadelphia, Pa. BERNARD EKBERG, L. U. 51, Boston, Mass. ISADCfRE FEIGEN, L. U. 1976, Los Angeles,
Cal. A. L. FERRELL, L. U. 225, Atlanta, Ga. I. A. FRANKLIN, L. U. 627, Jacksonville, Fla. ELI GERBICH, L. U. 35, San Rafael, Cal. FRANK GRAD, L. U. 416, Chicago, 111. JOHN GRANATH, L. U. 11, Cleveland, Ohio J, R. GRANT, L. U. 64, Louisville, Ky. ED N. HERRING, L. U. 946, Los Angeles, Cal. SIMON HOLKEBOER, L. U. 1908, Holland,
Mich. JAMES S. HUGHIE, L. U. 225, Atlanta, Ga. CHESTER L. HUNTLEY, L. U. 710, Long
Beach, Cal. SAM INGRAM, L. U. 696, Tampa, Fla. EDWARD KELLER, L. U. 226, Portland, Ore. HENRY KLITTE, L. U. 946, Los Angeles, Cal. ARIE KLUFT, L. U. 946, Los Angeles, Cal. TOIVO A. KOSKI, L. U. 2084, Astoria, Ore.
CORNELIUS LEENHEER, L. U. 325, Paterson, N. J.
JAMES W. LEWIS, L. U. 225, Atlanta, Ga, THEO. LOVEGREN, L. U. 416, Chicago, 111. E. J. MC CAULEY, L. U. 946, Los Angeles, Cal. MATHIUS MATZZELE, L. U. 246, New York, N. Y.
GEORGE METCALF, L. U. 226, Portland, Ore.
WARREN L. METCALF, L. U. 225, Atlanta, Ga.
JACOB MUELLER, L. U. 1307, Evanston, 111.
PETER E. NELSON, L. U. 1367, Chicago, IlL
ART NODERER, L. U. 1108, Cleveland, Ohio
A. R. OAKLEY, L. U. 226, Portland, Ore.
W. D. OLIVER, L. U. 225, Atlanta, Ga.
O. G. POHL, L. U. 946, Los Angeles, Cal.
EARL PRESTON, L. U. 64, Louisville, Ky.
ARTHUR W. PRICE, L. U. 696, Tampa, Fla.
ROBERT RALPH, L. U. 226, Portland, Ore.
HANS REICH L. U. 416, Chicago, 111.
JOHN RERKO, L. U. 246, New York, N. Y.
JOSEPH RETZINGER, L. U. 1307, Evanston, 111.
WILLIAM H. ROBOTHAM, L. U. 343, Winni- peg, Man., Canada
JOHN ROSE, L. U. 416, Chicago, 111.
HORACE. P. SALEM, L. U. 8, Philadelphia, Pa.
JAMES SAYITH, L. U. 8, Philadelphia, Pa.
ED SCHOOR, L. U. 416, Chicago, 111.
CLEVELAND SEALS, L. U. 110, St. Joseph, Mo.
ROY L. SIMCOX, L. U. 710, Long Beach, Cal.
A. C. SMITH, L. U. 226, Portland, Ore.
J. D. STIFF, L. U. 64, Louisville, Ky.
J. L. STOLL, L. U. 64, Louisville, Ky.
JOHN A. SULLIVAN, L. U. 188, Yonkers, N. Y.
PAT SUMNER, L. U. 64, Louisville, Ky.
CHARLES SWANDA, L. U. 357, Islip, N. Y.
FRANK TABER, L. U. 710, Long Beach, Cal.
A.A. TILLMAN, L. U. 64, Louisville, Ky.
R. O. B. VOIT, L. U. 64, Louisville, Ky.
JOSEPH WAGY, L. U. 1822, Ft. Worth, Texas
MORPETH WAIN WRIGHT, L. U. 710, Long Beach, Cal.
ANDREW WALTERS, L. U. 366, Bronx, N. Y.
THOMAS WEBSTER, L. U. 710, Long Beach, Cal.
JOSEPH WEDER, L. U. 246, New York, N. Y.
C. L. WHITE, L. U. 225, Atlanta, Ga.
DAVID K. WHITE, L. U. 64, LouisvUle, Ky.
HENRY WESP, L. U. 2178, Jersey City, N. J.
WM. WINDSOR, L. U. 226, Portland, Ore.
HIBBERT WOOD, L. U. 67, Boston, Mass.
THOMAS YATES, L. U. 64, Louisville, Ky.
CorrQspondQncQ
This Journal Is Not Responsible for Views Expressed by Correspondents.
ALABAMA COUNCIL ENCOURAGING WORKERS' EDUCATION
The Alabama State Council of Carpenters is encouraging all Local Unions to take ad- vantage of the Training Class in Parliamentary Procedure that is being offered for both Apprentices and Journeymen.
This is a photograph of a class from Carpenters' Local Union No. 89 of Mobile, Alabama that has completed a course in Parliamentary Procedure as formulated and given by the Trades and Industrial Education Division of the Department of the State of Ala- bama, under the supervision of H. J. Martin, whose office is located in the University of Alabama. Seated from left to right: Phfllip Cuchiron; W. T. Wilson, Trustee; J. E. Steele, bama. Seated from left to right:PhilliD Cuchiron; W. T. Wilson, Trustee; J. E. Steele, Financial Secretary of Local Union No. 89; C. J. Schandler, President; L. M. Cooper, Business Agent; Voidie McLeod, Recording Secretary; Forrest A. Eubanks, Vice-President; F. S. Fadre, Treasurer. Standing: W. L. Rickard, State Supervisor of Apprenticeships Training of State Department of Education of Alabama; M. E. Blake, Apprenticeship Co- ordinator, Mobile Schools, Mobile, Alabama; Henry J. Martin, State Supervisor of Car- penter Training of the State of Alabama; M. L. Legg, member of Local Union 89; J. E. Grant; J. A. Jemigan; E. E. Swanson; Grady N. Webber. All those in the picture are members of Local Union 89 except the officials as above indicated from the State Depart- ment of Education.
The Apprentice class of Local Union 109 of Sheffield, Alabama is also taking this coiirse in Parhamentary Procedure. So are several others in tlie state, including Tuscaloosa, Birmingham, Anniston and Montgomery. All of these classes are very enthusiastic about this type of training as it proves very interesting as well as helpful.
LOCAL UNION No. 299 JOINS GOLDEN CIRCLE
Last year Local Union No. 299, Union City, N. J. joined the golden circle of unions which have completed fifty years of service to their members. On the night of December 10th the union marked its fiftieth anniversary with a dinner dance held at Columbian Hall in Jersey City. A large tiUTiout was on hand for the occasion and a grand time was enjoyed by one and all.
Among the invited guests present with their wives were: General Representative Raleigh Rajoppi; J. J. Walsack, E. O'Horo, and A. R. Swanson, secretary and business
36
THE CARPENTER
agents of Essex County; business agent H. Spotholz of Bergen County; business agent Wm. Bonnema of Passiac County; and business agents A. Beck and H. Cook of Hudson County.
The three remaining charter members of Local Union No. 299— J. Truncillito, J. Guyer, and T. PugHs— were "singled out for special recognition and honors; they were presented with life membership cards. Presentation was made by General Representative Rajoppi. It was regrettable that charter member Puglis was unable to attend due to illness. However, the assemblage extended him every good wish for a complete and speedy recovery.
Also honored on the occasion were the officers of the union. In consideration of their faithful devotion to duty, each was presented with an engraved fountain pen, and President Thomas Teetsel whose impartial and aggressive leadership has contributed much to the progress of the union was presented with a suitably engraved gold ring. Fine food, interesting entertainment and good fellowship combined to make the evening a great success. The committee responsible for the afiFair consisted of Frank McAndrews, chair- man, ably assisted by Brothers Bifano, Hitchler and Sands.
PORTALES MEMBERS REBUILD WIDOW'S HOME
Like the Bible, the ritual of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America admonishes its people to be charitable and considerate of their neighbors. That most members take this obligation seriously is being proven every day. From all over the nation come stories of good works being done by Brotherhood members. Not the least of these is the benevolent act of Local Union No. 2176 of Portales, N. M., which recent- ly imdertook to rebuild the fire-gutted house of a widow.
On September 30th fire de- stroyed the home of Mrs. Bertha Gardner and her young daughter. The fire left them jf , ,^. ^^^ , destitute. Neighbors immedi-
*.'^ <; t-^ ^- ...-'^..i^mKmi^ ately undertook a subscription
campaign to help them in their hour of need. Hardly had the program gotten under way when representatives of Local Union No. 2176 appeared on the scene with an offer to do- nate the services of their mem- bership in rebuilding the home. The oflFer was gratefully ac- cepted, and on a Saturday morning a fine delegation of craftsmen from the union was on hand to get the task under way. Many hands made light work, and by 4:30 in the afternoon the house was ready for stucco. Neighbors served lunch at noon and coffee at intervals. Mrs. Gardner is now Hving in her new home and all the people of Portales are proud of the public spiritedness of Local Union No. 2176.
PLEASANTVILLE SPONSORS A FINE SOCIAL EVENING
For a nimiber of years. Local Union No. 842 of Pleasantville, New Jersey, has sponsored a get-together for its membership. Year in and year out these affairs have been a great success; and the latest of them, held late last year, was no exception. Members, wives and friends filled the banquet hall of the Fairmount Hotel, Cardiff, to near capacity for the occasion. The entertainment committee had done its work well. The food was excellent and a great program of local entertairmient kept things moving at a fast clip.
Guests of honor were treasurer and Mrs. Gustav F. Koehler. Brother Koehler recently passed his fiftieth year as a member of the United Brotherhood. In consideration of his long and faithful service to the cause of organized labor, the tmion presented Brother Koehler with a fifty dollar purse. A suitable present was also given to Mrs. Koehler. The presentation was made by General Representative Raleigh Rajoppi who was present ias
THE CARPENTER
37
a special guest. Other special guests present were representatives to the State Council and Mrs. Backlund of Local Union No. 620, Vineland, and several oificers of the Carpenters District Council of South Jersey.
Local merchants, as a mark of their goodwill toward the tmion, donated a number of prizes which were given away during the evening. One and all had a grand time and all went home feeling it was good to break bread occasionally with one's neighbors and fellow workers.
BOZEMAN LOCAL BOASTS OF GREAT OLD TIMER
While there are many old timers in the United Brotherhood who have contributed much to the progress of organized labor down the years. Local Union No. 557 of Bozeman, Mont., is particularly proud of one of its members who falls in this category. He is Brother T. P. Taylor, who has been active in the Union for the past forty-five years. In good times and bad, through adversity and affluence, Brother Taylor has worked long and hard for the upbuilding of his Local Union. Although now reaching the ripe old age of eighty-two, Brother Taylor is still crusading for the cause of organized labor as actively as ever. During his time he has filled virtually every office in tlie Local and for the past fifteen years he has been capably serving as business agent. He is also second vice president of the Montana State Council. Building the Union has been as much a part of the life of Brother Tay- lor during the last fifty years as breathing. To a large extent the fine
success achieved by Local Union No. 557 can be credited to his unselfish and untiring
efforts.
NIAGARA FALLS CELEBRATES 50th BIRTHDAY
Local 322 of Niagara Falls celebrated its 50th Anniversary with a banquet in the State Armory on November 12, 1949. A turkey dinner was served and enjoyed by everyone.
Ernest Curto,. who served as toastmaster, introduced Brother Theodore Hoak, President of Local 322, who in turn, led the Assembly in the Allegiance to our Flag.
The Mayor of Niagara Falls, William Lupton, after his introduction, welcomed guests and also complimented the Local on its fine past record and wished it a successful future.
S^ ^
Seated from left to rightiMrs. T. Hoak, Mr. and Mrs. J. O'Donnell, Mr. and Mrs. E. Curto, Sam Sutherland and Mr. and Mrs. Livingston.
Standing from left to right: Cecil Moshier, Frank Knack, E. P. Hill, Robert Smart, Herb Jennings, Mayor W. Lupton, T. Hoak, M. F. Jordan, J. Moir, H. Jordan, M. Lynch, E. Fitzpatrick, F. Olson, H. Snyder, O. Noble and A. Lewis.
Brother Sam Sutherland, General Representative, next on the program, gave a very interesting speech on the buying of American-made goods only. He also commented on the progress of tlie New York State Council of Carpenters.
Harry Jordan, President of A. F. of L. Central Trades, gave a short talk on the progress of Niagara Falls Central Trades with the help of Local 322.
First President of Local 322, Alexander Allen, was introduced by Toastmaster Curto.
88
THE CARPENTER
Brother John O'Donnell, Representative of the General Office, was introduced last and complimented the Committee for a successful banquet. He gave a short speech on the operation of General Headquarters and the indi^"idual benefits received by members from the General Office. The entertainment was in the form of a floor show, followed by dancing, which continued until closing of tlie banquet.
Local Business Agents present were as follows: Mr. Jack Costello, Plumbers and Steam- fitters; Mr. Charles Carrier, Laborers; Mr. Steven Lamb, Bricklayers; Mr. Richard Chase, Plasterers and Cement Finishers; Mr. Charles Harvey, Ironworkers; and Mr. Murphy, Painters.
EL DORADO LOCAL DEDICATES FINE NEW HOME
In the presence of a large number of members, friends, and special guests, Local Union No. 1693, El Dorado, Arkansas, on tlie night of November 21st officially dedicated its beautiful new home. The Mayor of the City was tliere to pay his respects as were most of the building materials dealers and contractors of tlie area. In fast, so many civic leaders were present that no doubt can possibly exist but that tlie entire community
is proud of tlie accomplishments of Local Union No. 1683.
The program was opened by President Ben M. Dumas who welcomed the special guests and out-of-town \"isitors who were on hand to help make tlie a_ffair the grand success it turned out to be. Among them were: Marvin Faulkner and M. A. Fisk of tlie Apprenticeship Training Service of the Department of Labor with head- quarters at Little Rock; S. V. Zinn, secretary-treasmrer of the Arkansas State Federation; W. D. \'\'elcher and C. C. Counts of Local Union No. 529, Camden, Ark; attorneys John ^L Shackelford and son, legal advisers to the union: the Rev. J. D. TolUson, pastor of the Immanuel Baptist Church, who gave tlie invocation; C. W. Mowery, president of tlie State Federation and state organizer for the American Federation of Labor and a member of tlie United Brotherhood for many, many years.
A basket dinner prepared and sensed by the membership was thoroughly enjoyed by one and all. Featmred speaker of the evening was C. W. Mowery who dwelt at some length on tlie long and honorable career of tlie United Brotherhood and the fine record achieved by Local Union No. 1683. His remarks were very well-received. All who were present left tlie affair with a warm feUng of pride and good fellowsliip.
CHICAGO MEMBER IL\S GREAT RECORD
The members of Local 434, Chicago are justly proud of tlie record of Brother Joseph Belanger, Vice-President. He first joined Local No. 21, on Chicago's West Side, April 17, 1886, and on May 1st of that year a strike was called. One week later the famous Hajiiiarket riot occurred. All Labor Unions were immediately labeled anarchistic and Local No. 21 was forced "underground." However, it was soon reorganized under tlie same charter and stiU exists.
In 1888, Brother Belanger, Living on Chicago's far Soutli Side, assisted in organizing Local No. 434, later clearing into that Local April 11, 1890. Brotlier Belanger was bom in Montreal, Canada, January 14, 1863. He moved to New York at the age of 17 years and shortly after changed his residence to Chicago. He has held several offices of No. 434 including president, secretary, trustee, and for the past many years, has been vice-president.
He has missed a few meetings lately on account of illness, but enjoys visits from otlier members, and recalls nmnerous incidents of his nearly 64 years as a Union Carpenter. We wish him many more happy years to come.
WATERLOO AUXILIARY CELEBRATE 10th BIRTHDAY
The Editor:
Ladies' Auxiliary No. 345 of Waterloo, Iowa, sends greetings to all sister Auxiliaries. On October 11, 1949, we celebrated our 10th anniversary. Many of the charter members were present and are still active. We had a lovely banquet with a charter member giving a svmimary of our 10 years as an organization. To us it will live in our memories always^
We now have 51 members in our organization and gaining new ones right along. We have our business meeting on the fourth Friday of every month. Our socials are the second Friday. We just had our semi-annual rummage sale which proved very successful. We try to keep busy with something each month throughout the year.
We had our annual Christmas party December 10, at the Labor Temple with 150 in attendance. The ladies provided a lovely dinner followed by a children's program and square dancing. A good time .was had by all. We donate to many good causes throughout the year.
We would like to hear from any sister Auxiliaries at any time.
Fraternally,
Irene Mixdorf, Recording Secretary.
PINE BLUFF AUXILIARY OFF TO GOOD START
The Editor:
As our Auxiliary No. 551 of Pine Bluff, Ark., is a newly formed one, we wish to send greetings to all the Auxiliaries.
We organized on August 9th of 1949 with 13 members. At this time we have grown to 27 members. We have been presented our charter of which we are very proud.
We meet the first and third Monday of each montli at the Labor Temple,
On December 19th, we had our Christmas party and banquet. For our guests, we had all union carpenters and tlieir families. Out-of-town guests and speakers were: S. V. Zinn, Secretary-Treasmrer Arkansas Federation of Labor; M. G. Rogers, past secretary of Local No. 690 of Little Rock; J. C. Barrett, international representative of Birmingham Ala., T. R. Simpson, President of Local 576, Pine Bluff; Mrs. M. G. Rogers, Recording Secretary, Little Rock, Auxiliary No. 255.
40 THE CARPENTER
We ladies of Aiixiliary 551 would welcome letters from any of our sister Auxiliaries. Any wives, daughters or sisters of union carpenters who would like to join us may come to the meetings or contact our officers who are: Mrs. Irene Morgan, President; Mrs. Alma Slocum, Vice President; Mrs. G. T. Anderson, Recording Secretary; Mrs. T. R. Simpson, Financial Secretary and Treasurer; Mrs. Pearl Morgan, Mrs. John Verdue, and Miss Reba Joe Hughes, Trustees; Conductor, Mrs. Paul Earles; Warden, Mrs. Ed. Ezell, Publicity Chairman, Mrs. Corine Cannon.
Fraternally,
Mrs. C. T. Anderson, Recording Secretary.
TULSA LADIES HOLD SUCCESSFUL MEMBERSHIP DRWE
The Editor:
Greetings to all sister AuxiUaries from Auxiliary No. 331 of Tulsa, Oklahoma. We organized in 1939 and have 96 members and 18 charter members.
We meet each Tuesday night with the exception of the first Tuesday when we have our birthday luncheon. Otir social club meets the third Friday of each montli, and recently we had a chih supper and carnival which brought in enough money to buy a radio- phonograph combination for our entertainment.
By having a nmimage sale we made $42.72 and a treasure chest netted us $115.00. Our ladies have pieced a quilt which will be sold soon to add to our treasury.
The state convention was held here on September 12, 13 and 14, at which time we had a lovely dinner at the Alvin Hotel.
We have just finished a membership drive and have 24 new members.
Our officers are: Mrs. Elizabeth Turner, President; Mrs. Alice Gibson, Vice-President; Mrs. Rutli Dawes, Recording Secretary; Mrs. Mable Goodwin, Financial Secretary; Mrs. Thresa Smith, Conductor; Mrs. Mary Ferguson, Warden; Mrs. Joyce Taylor, Mrs. Evelyn Barnett and Mrs. Edna Philhps, Trustees.
The state con\'ention will be held in Oklahoma City this September.
We would love to hear from tlie otlier Auxiliaries at any time.
Fraternally,
Ruth Dawes, Recording Secretary.
TEXAS CITY LADIES FORM AUXILIARY
The Editor:
^
This letter is to inform you of our newly organized Ladies' Auxiliary No. 558, Texas City, Texas. We were presented our charter on December 5, 1949, at 7:30 p.m., by ladies from Houston and Galveston Auxiharies. We are very proud to be a part in serv- ing our carpenter men. We organized with 28 members.
The following is a fist of our officers: Mrs. G. L. Strong, President; Mrs. E. R. Hard- man, Vice-President; Mrs. C. E. Hughes, Recording Secretary; Mrs. R. L. Scott, Financial Secretary and Treasurer; Mrs. C. L. Crawford, Conductress; Mrs. J. D. White, Warden; Mrs. H. E. Woodhouse, Mrs. P. L. Bottoms and Mrs. L. L. Landriault, Trustees.
Mrs. C. E. Hughes. •
LOCAL 811 SPONSORS XMAS PARTY
The Editor:
On Thursday evening December 8, 1949 Local Union No. 811, New Bethlehem, Pa. United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners entertained its members in the Social Room of the First National Bank.
At 6:30 a fine turkey dinner was served by Mrs. Ruth McMillen and her efficient helpers, which was enjoyed by all.
During tiie dinner Christmas music was played through the courtesy of Shumaker's Music Store, New Bethlehem, Pa.
After the dinner two and one-half hoinrs of fine motion pictures were shown by Mr. Blain George, Hawthorne Pa.
A very dehghtful e\ening was enjoyed by all members present.
Craft ProblQms
Carpentry
By H. H. Siegele LESSON 257
Irregular Pitch Roof Framing.— Irregular pitch roof framing is no more difBcult than regular pitch roof framing. It is true that
Fig. 1 the roof framer must be on his guard, so as not to become confused, but the principle is the same. That is also true of irregular
Fig. 2 plan roof framing. The reason many work- men find these two branches of roof framing difficult, is that they do not fully understand the principle of regular hip roof framing.
The rule, that the run and the length of the rafter will give the edge bevel for hips, val- leys, and jacks, increases the confusion. While this old rule is easy to remember and will work in regular roof framing, it is an incorrect rule. The correct rule is this: The tangent and the rafter length will give the edge bevel for hips, valleys, and jacks— the rafter length giving the bevel. This rule covers regular hip roofs, as well as irregular hip roofs, both in plan and in pitch. By
Fig. 3 using the word, tangent, instead of the word, run, the rule becomes applicable to all hip roofs. When the use of tlie tangent is thoroughly understood, tlie roof framer vidll have no more difficulty in framing the irreg- ular hip and valley roofs than he has in framing tlie regular hip roofs. It is suggest- ed, however, that diagrams be made for ir- regular hip and valley roofs, on tlie order of the diagrams shown in these lessons.
The Run of Irregular Hip Rafters.— Fig. 1 gives a plan of an irregular hip roof, 28 feet by 40 feet, -with a deck 4 feet square. The run of the sides is 12 feet, while the run of the ends is 18 feet. This is shown by the shaded square, which is in position for obtaining tlie hip run. The tongue holds the short run, 12 feet, while the blade holds the long run, 18 feet. The diagonal distance
42
THE CARPENTER
between 18 and 12 on the square, is the hip run, as shown on the diagram. (In regu- lar hip roof framing it is the diagonal dis-
Fig. 4
tance between 12 and 12, because the runs are the same.)
It should be remembered that in all of these diagrams, inches on the square repre- sent feet in tlie diagram. In this connection, the suggestion is repeated, that the roof framer make a diagram of tlie roof in hand, using a convenient scale, say, 1 inch equals 1 foot. Then by applying tlie square to the diagram, as shown in tliese lessons, he can get the various bevels and cuts of tlie rafters that he is framing.
Edge Bevels of Hips.— Fig. 2 shows the blade of the square apphed to the run of one hip. The lines, c-d, d-a, and a-c, respec- tively, represent the run, tlie rise, and the hip rafter. This triangle, pi\ oted on the run, is shown as if it were lying on die side. The rise is 12 feet. The shaded bevel at a, gives the plumb cut of the hip rafter. With the compass set at c, transfer point a to b, as shown by the dotted part-circle. This brings the rafter length, c-a, in Une with the hip run, c-d, and on to b. Now tlie edge bevel that wiU fit the ends of the deck is obtained by taking the tangent and the raf- ter length on the square— the rafter length giving the bevel. It is obvious that the
square is not large enough to hold the tan- gent on one ami and the rafter length on the other, so the two distances should be divided by 2, which will give a reduced tangent and a reduced rafter length. With tliese reduced points taken in the most con- venient way on the square, the edge bevel can be marked— the arm on which the re- duced rafter length is taken gives the bevel.
Fig. 3 shows in part, the roof plan shown in Fig. 2 and the diagram for obtaining the points to use for marking the edge bevel of the hip rafters to fit the ends of the deck. In this case the tongue of the square is ap- pUed to the tangent line. To get the edge bevel, use 12 on the tongue of the square and the point where the diagonal Une crosses
Fig. 6
the edge of the blade, or point X. The blade gives the bevel.
Fig. 4 shows tlie blade of the square ap- plied to the run of one hip, to obtain the points on the square for marking the bevel that vdll fit the side of tlie deck. The tri- angle, a-c-d, is the same as in the previous diagram. The rafter lengtli is transferred
with a compass from c-a to c-b, as indicated by the dotted part-circle. The tangent and the rafter taken on the square will give the edge bevel— mark on the arm that holds the
THE CARPENTER
43
rafter length. Again, the tangent and the rafter should be reduced by dividing both by 2.
Fig. 5 shows the diagram shown in Fig. 4, but here the square is applied on the tangent line, as shown. To mark the bevel, take 12 on the tongue of the square and point X on the blade— the blade giving the bevel. The principle here is the same as in Fig. 3.
Fig. 6 shows the square applied to the timber for marking the two bevels necessary to make the rafter straddle the corner of the deck. The shaded square is applied, using 12 and point X. Point X was found by ap- plying the square as shown in Fig. 3. The dotted-line square is also applied by using 12 and point X, but as shown by the appli-
Fig. 8
cation of the square in Fig 5. Compare and study the two applications of the square in Fig. 6, with the applications of the square shown in Figs. 3 and 5.
Edge Bevels for Jacks.— Fig 7 shows the square applied to get tlie points for marking the edge bevel of jacks for the ends of the roof. Here the lines, c-d, d-a, and a-c, show respectively, the run, the rise, and the length of the rafter as if the rafter were on its side. The rafter length, c-a, is transferred to the run line, c-X, with the compass, as shown by the dotted part-circle. Now the tangent
|-*— "Janqeyit -^ Fig. 9
and the rafter length will give the edge bevel-the rafter length giving the bevel. In other words, 12 on the tongue and point X on the blade will give the edge bevel— the blade giving the bevel. Fig. 8 shows the
square applied to the rafter timber-mark along the blade.
Fig. 9 shows the square applied to get the points for marking the edge bevel of the jacks for the sides of the roof. The tangent and the rafter length will give the edge bevel— the rafter length giving the bevel. Again, the square is too small to hold the
Fig. 10
tangent and the rafter length, so the two distances should be reduced as explained be- fore, and taken in the most convenient way on the square. Fig. 10 shows the square applied to the rafter material, using 18 and point X. Mark along the tongue.
WANTS TO KNOW
By H. H. Siegele
A reader wants to know how to obtain the edge bevel for a hip of an irregular plan roof.
If the student will fix in mind the "tan- gent" as it is used in roof framing, so that he will know exactly what it is used for, he \n\l have no more trouble in framing an irregular hip roof than he has in framing a regular hip roof. This applies to both irregular plan and irregular pitch hip roofs.
Fig. 1 shows a diagram of one end of an irregular plan hip roof. The blade of the square is on the seat of the hip rafter for the dull angle of the plan. To obtain the
H. H. SIEGELE'S BOOKS
QUICK CONSTRUCTION.— Coven hundred! of Dnc- tlcal building problems, has 256 p. and 686 11. 12.50
BUILDING. — Hai 220 p. and 531 11., coverlne form building, garagei, finishing, suir building, etc. $2.50.
ROOF FRAMING.— 175 p. and 437 11. Boof framing complete. Other problems. Including saw filing. $2.50.
CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.— Has 159 p., 426 11.. covering concrete work, form building, screeds, rein- forcing, scaffolding, other temporary construction. $2.50
CARPENTRY.— Has 302 p., 754 il., covering general bouse carpentry, estimating and other subjects. $2.50.
BUILDING TRADES DICTIONARY.— Has 380 p., 670 11.. and about 7,000 building trade terms. $3.00.
Tou can't go wrong If you buy this whole set.
THE FIRST LEAVES.— Poetry. Only $1.00.
TWIGS OF THOUGHT.— Poetry. Only $1.00.
FREE. — With 3 books, one poetry book free, with 5 books, two, and with 6 books, three. (With less than 3 books, one of the poetry books for only 50 cents.)
Books autographed. Five-day Money-back guarantt*.
Postpaid only when full amount comes with order. Ordar u U Cirr^lTI IT M2So.Conil. St. tttday. ■■■ "* 9IE>\aC>kE> Emporia, Kaniat QUANTITIES — 12 or more book* 20% off, f.e.b. Chicago
44
THE CARPENTER
length of the hip rafter, make the rise, E-A, eqiial to the rise of the common rafter, and draw in the hip rafter as sho^\•n from A to C. With the compass set at C, transfer the rafter length, C-A, to C-B, as indicated by the dotted part-circle, A-B. Extend the seat hne of the hip, C-E, to B, as sho%%Ti bv dotted Hne. Also extend the seat hne of the common rafter to D, as .the dotted line indicates. To mark the edse bevel, take the rafter length. C-B. on tlie blade of the
STAPLE— to save time- speed up production
T-32 Gun Tacker
A many purpose tool replacing hammer and tacks ot trigger rate speed. Shoots a staple wherever a tack can be driven. Ideal for Carpenters, Display- men, Insulators, Upholsterers, etc. Special screen and windov/ shade attachments. Same machine takes a 3, 16", Va" and 5 16" staple. Loads 150 staples. S8.50. Rustproof "Monel" staples available.
P-22 Hand Stapler
"Reaches into hard-to- get-at places." Ideal for tagging, labeling, «vrappings, sealing bags, containers and boxes. ' Same machine takes VV and 5/16" $6.00.
Slightly higher in the Wert and Canada. Buy from your local Dealer or order direcf—Dept. C
staples. Loads 150 staples.
ARROW FASTENER COMPANY, INC.
30-38 Maujer St., Bklyn. 6, New York
SAVE TIME! SAVE MONEY! With
TRIP-HAMMER
Saw-Set
FOOT TREADLE OPERATED
• LIGHT WEIGHT
• TOOL BOX SIZE
• SETS UP EASILY
• MONEY BACK GUARANTEE
Set saws faster. NO CRAMPED HANDS.
Every tooth set uniformly. Handles 5 to 12 point hand saws, 3" to 10" circular saws, Two man cross cut saws.
Send Cheek, Money Order or Postal Note.
ARDEE TOOL CO ^ o ^^ ^-^864
HHWtt lUUL UV. Rocky River Stotion, Ohio
square, and the tangent on the tongue. I£ the hip rafter is to join the two last com- mon rafters, shown to the left and right of the hip, then the blade will give the bevel.
But if the hip is to saddle on to a ridge board (or a deck) then tlie tongue wrill give the bevel.
Fig. 2 shows how to get the points for marking the edge bevel of the jacks that
*Jan^ehh\
Fig. 2
join the hip just explained. With the com- pass set at C, transfer the rafter length, C-A, to C-B. Now take the rafter length (Rafter L.) on the blade of the square, and the tangent on the tongue. The blade will give the bevel.
SPBBVCOn TOOLS
IVUC SAVe YOC/ TIME /INP MONey
SPEED SAW FILER
Now file your own saws! Precision fiU
ing easy without experience. Two sim-
I pie adjustments. Keeps any hand saw
I extra sharp and true cutting. Complete
I with tile and ready to use $2.93
DRILL GRINDER Makes old drills cut like new. Sharpens 3/32" to I'/s" drills with factory accuracy in 30 sees. No ex- perience necessary. Use with hand or power grinding wheels. %1 95
SPEED HANDLE Holds flies, razor blades, taps, drilU, Allen wrenches, bits etc. Operates similar to drill chuck. Precision made. Handiest tool in tool box. $1
SPEED GRIP PLANE Precision made, pocket sized plane as easy to grip as big one. S'A" x WW face. Can't be beat for all around fitting and finishing. Blade guaranteed to hold edge. $1.93
. .SPEED SAW CLAMP
Grips full length of hand saws — 30 inches. Saves time. Attached or released from bench in 15 seconds. Lifetime construction. Holds entire saw true without vibration. $4.95
CIRCULAR SAW FILER
Sharpen circular saws like aa expert. Adjustable for any pitch or angle. Complete with file and mandrels for blades with '/j", %". %". 13/16" centers. $6.95
Order Today! Cash with order, prepaid. COD postage extra. Money buk Guarantee
SPEEDCOR PRODUCTS
0ept.A.512N.E. 73rd Ave. Portland 16, Oregon
|
« |
BURR HAND SAW FILER Makes More ,-- — '^CT^rT" |
|
|
I:- r |
Fast, accurate, will file from both sides. Operator controls file arm. No saw carrier or adjusting screws to fuss with. A money-maker in any shop. |
|
|
1 |
reURR MFC. CO.^^^ 1 B945 VENICE BOULEVARD ^^^ffl L lOS ANGEIESS^ TAi le ^BKIWH |
STAIR GAGES
(Angle Gages)
The handiest little devices you ever had in your tool box. Easily carried in the pocket. Used on square for laying out angle cuts on rafters, stair stringers, etc. Yi" hexagon brass with plated steel screw. Rust proof and will last a lifetime. Order today! Wt. 4 oz. pr. Money back if not satisfied
$1.00 Postpaid
WELLIVER & SONS P. O. Box 278C Rockford, lllinoit
Name. . Address .
SAVE A DAY
Measuring Tread Marking Board (right)
ELIASON STAIR GAUGE
Order today, or send for circular
ELIASON TOOL COMPANY
or more on Every Staircase You Build
ELIASON STAIR GAUGE in 10 seconds gives you both correct lengtli and angle of stair treads, risers, closet shelves, etc., ready to mark board. Each end piv- ots and locks at any length or angle. Adjustable from 20" up. Saves a day or more, increases your profits §20 or more on each staircase. Fully guaranteed. Only $12.95 cash •with order, or C. O. D. plus postage.
2121 E. 56th St., MINNEAPOLIS 17, MINN.
tf£W/^h Lighter than//// Aluminum ' '
Unbreakable Frame of Extruded Magnesium Alloy!
Here's the newest — most sensational level ever desigTied ! The new Scharf Magnelite Level is lighter w^eight— it's made of Magnesium^— one of the toughest yet lightest metals in existence. It's a masterpiece of accuracy — absolutely true, straight and parallel. Has large hand-holds .... easier to handle. Beautifixlly designed— grace- fully streamlined. Greatest level ever built 1
NEWEST TYPE VIAL UNITS ARE ADJUSTABLE AND REPLACEABLE
Vials are cemented into die cast Magnesium holder^held absolute- ly rigid. Finest glass windows. Vial units attached with screws^ — easily loosened for adjustment or replacement.
Get Your Scharf Magnelite Level Todiy ! If your dealer can't supply you, order from us direct, but you must send dealer's name and address. Satisfaction guaremteed.
|
Check |
These Low |
Prices |
|
No. |
Size (Inches) |
Price |
|
3412.. |
-Ix2sl2" |
.$3.50 |
|
0618*. |
-1x2x18" |
- 4.50 |
|
3624- |
-1x2x24" |
- 5.00 |
|
2624- |
-I|x2§x24"-. |
- 5.75 |
|
2628- |
-14s2gx28"— |
. 6.75 |
|
2630- |
-Iix2gx30".- |
- 7.25 |
|
2642- |
.-Ijx2ix42"-. |
- 9.25 |
|
2648-. |
-lJx2Sx48"-- |
-10.00 |
|
20-2.. |
-Iix2ix72"— |
-16.50 |
|
*Extruded Aluminum | |
||
|
Frame Only |
1 |
J. H. SCHARF MFG. CO.
Dept. C-2, Omaha, Nebr.
LEARN TO ESTIMATE
If you are ambitious to have your own busi- ness and be your own boss the "Tamblyn System" Home Study Course in Estimating wi^l start you on your way.
If you are an experienced c&rpenter and have had a fair schooling in reading, writing and arithmetic you can master our System in a short period of your spare time. The first lesson begins with excavations and step by step instructs you how to figure the cost of complete buildings just as you would do it in a contractor's office.
By the use of this System of Estimating you avail yourself of the benefits and guidance of the author's 40 years of practical experience reduced to the language you underst2uid.. You will never find a more opportune time to establish yourself in business than now.
Study the course for ten days absolutely free. If you decide you don't want to keep it, just return it. Otherwise send us $8.75 and pay the baleuice of $30.00 at $7.50 per month, making a total of $38.75 for the com- plete course. On request we will send you plans, specifications, estimate sheets, a copy of the Building Labor Calculator, and com- plete instructions. What we say about this course is not important, but what you find it to be after you examine it is the only thing that matters. You be the judge; your deci- sion is final.
Write your name and address clearly mnd give your age, and trade experience.
TAMBLYN SYSTEM
1115 So. Pearl St., C-38, Denver 10, Colo.
NOTICE
The publishers of "The Carpenter" reierre the right to reject all advertising matter which may be. In their judgment, unfair or objectionable to the membership of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America.
All Contracts for advertising space In "The Car- penter," Including those stipulated as non-can- cellahle, are only accepted srbject to the above reserved rights of the publishers.
Index of Advertisers
Carpenters' Tools and Accessories
Page
The American Floor Surfacing
Machine Co., Toledo, Ohio 1
Ardee Tool Co., Rocky River
Sta., Ohio 44
Arrow Fastener Co., Inc., Brooklyn,
N. Y. 44
Burr Mfg. Co., Los Angeles,
Calif. :__ 45
Cummins Portable Tools, Chicago,
111.
4 45 48 48 47 48 47 24-25
Eliason Tool Co., Minneapolis, Minn.
E-Z Mark Tools, Los Angeles, Cal.
Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis, Minn.
The Lufkin Rule Co., Saginaw, Mich.
Millers Falls Co., Greenfield, Mass.
North Bros. Mfg. Co., Philadel- phia, Pa.
Packard Mfg. Corp., Indianapolis, Ind.
J. H. Scharf Mfg. Co., Omaha,
Nebr. 46
Sharps Mfg. Co., Salem, Ore 47
Skilsaw, Inc, Chicago, 111 6
Speedcor Products, Portland,
Ore. 45
Stanley Tools, New Britain, Conn._3rd Cover
Welliver & Sons, Rockford, 111.— 45
Carpentry Materials
The Upson Co., Lockport, N. Y._2nd Cover '
Doors
Overhead Door Corp., Hartford
City, Ind 4th Cover
Technical Courses and Books
American Technical Society, Chi cago. 111.
Audel Publishers, New York,
N. Y. 3rd Cover
Builders Topics, Seattle, Wash._ 48
Chicago Technical College, Chi- cago, 111.
H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans.
Simmons-Boardman Publishing Corp., New York, N. Y
Tamblyn System. Denver, Colo._
47
3 43
5 46
Wearing Apparel The H. D. Lee Co., Inc., Kansas City, Mo. -■
1
\ ■ ■\
- .J 3rd Coveri
KEEP THE MONEY IN THE FAMILY!
PATRONIZE ADVERTISERS
PILOT HOLES in a
hurry with one hand ^
and a"YANKEE" I
Automatic Push Drill 4
Give yourself an extra hand for holding doors, window stop mould- ing, hardware and other work. A "Yankee" Push Drill bores holes fast, easy, one-handed. Spring in handle brings it back after every stroke and puts a reverse spin in the drill point to clear away chips. Improved chuck prevents drills pulling out. Magazine handle holds 8 drill points, ^" to |i". Built for years of willing work. Your Stanley dealer carries these and other "Yankee" Tools.
Write for "Yankee" Tool Book
•YANKEE" TOOLS NOW PART OP
[STANLEY]
THE TOOL BOX OF THE WORLD
NORTH BROS. MFG. CO.
Philadelphia 33, Pa.
"Yankee' No. 41
ILUFKIN X-46 FOLDING EXTENSION RULE IS EXTRA RIGID-DURABLE-ACCURATE!
i4o. X-46 is the superior extension rule— ideal for |i>oth inside measuring of openings and general
•urpose measuring. % inch wide sections ore of
tralght grained hardwood in boxwood finish. Other
aatures are:
|>t Sections 14 inch thick. . .33% itronger. i'> Prominent black markings— easy to read.
'' Patented Brats Plated spring lock ioints. Broit ttrilce plates prevent wear. 6-ln. graduated slide in one end.
»o it — Buy if . . . al your nearest Hardwara DeaUr,
IE LUFKIN RULE GO. IGINAW, MICHIGAN •
• TAPES • RULES NEW YORK CITY
PRECISION TOOLS BARRIE, ONTARIO
12th Edition for EXAMINATION
SEND NO MONEY
Learn to draw plana, estimate, be a Ilve-wlre builder, do remodeling, take contracting jobs. These 9 practical, pro- fusely illustrated books cover subjects that will help you to get more work and make more money. Masonry, con- crete forms, carpentry, steel square, roof framing, construc- tion, plumbing, heating, painting, decorating and many other subjects. More than 4000 pages — 2750 Illustrations.
BETTER JOBS -BETTER PAY ^^p^i^f^^'iJ
These books are
A nationwide building boom la In full swing and trained men are needed. Big opportunities are always for MEN the most up-to- WHO KNOW HOW. These books sup- date and complete ply quick, easily understood training and we have ever pub- handy, permanent reference Information lished on theia that helps solve building problems. many subjects. Coupon Brings Nine Big Books For Examination
AMERICAN TECHNicAT society" Publishers since" 1898
Dept. G-236 Drexel at 58th Street, Chicago 37, III. You may ship me the Up-to-Date edition of your nine big books, "Building, Estimating, and Contracting" with- out any obligation to buy. I will pay the delivery chargei only, and if fully satisfied in ten days, I will send you $2.00, and after that only $3.00 a month, until the total price of only $34.80 Is paid. I am not obligated In any way unless I keep the books.
Name
Address
City State
Attach letter stating age, occupation, employer's name and address, and name and address of at least one buslnesi man as reference. Men In service, also give home address.
NOW! Roof Framing is Easy
with SHARP'S ^.-^-^ Automatic /
'ENLARGED
SECTION Rafter Tobls
Q
ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW IS WIDTH OF BUILDING AND PITCH OF ROOF
Just set tool to pitch of roof and it automatically solves every problem and provides direct marking guide for all cuts. Gives exact figures for length of rafters. Cuts given in square reading* and in degrees for power saw worlc. Opens to 90-deg. angle. Guaranteed.
SHARP'S
MANUFACTURING
COMPANY
p. 0. Box 122 Sal'jm, Oregon
^,;^^,tfui^^TR^mHQ square
Now Only
$7.85
Prepaid
The WORLD'S FAVORITE Automatic Drill
For boring small holes, there's nothing quite like this famous Millers Falls No. 185A - formerly "Mr. Punch." Sturdy . . . smooth-acting . . . long- lived— it's one of the most phenomenally successful hand tools ever designed. Complete with 8 new style drill points from 1/16" to ll/64"in quick-selec- tion, magazine handle.
Ask your hardware dealer for one today.
MILLERS FALLS TOOLS
MILLERS FALLS COMPANY
GREENFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS
:^^^i
^ HANG THAT DOOR THE PROFESSIONAL WAY!
Makes a clean-cut, deeply-etched profile on door. Hemove chips. Repeat operation on jamb. Hang door! No adjustments. No fussing. Precision made.
-forged, heat-treated steel. Comes in 3", 3i"
4" (Std) sizes.
ONLY $1.75 ea. — $3.50 a pair (any two) — $5.25 complete set of three. If dealer can't supply, send only $1.00 with order and pay postman balance plus post- age C. O. D. In Canada. .25c higher per order. No C. O. D. State sizes wanted.
USERS PRAISE HieHLY
"Really • help for the 'old hands' and almoit a 'must' for the new boys."
S. H. Glover Cincinnati. Ohio
"The greatest help in hanging doors I bsTe ever seen."
J. Allen Charles Mullins, S. C.
Comes With Leatherette case
E-Z MARK TOOLS. Box 8377 Dept. C, Los Angeles 16. Cil.
TOU DO THIS
MACHINE SAW FILING
PAYS UP TO S2 or $3 an ^""^
hour. With a Foley Saw Filer you can file all hand sawf5, also band and cross-cut cir- cular saws. It is easy to operate — simple adjustments — no eyestrain. Start AT HOME in basement or garage. Patented jointing principle evens up all irregular teeth and makes an old saw cut just like new.
Send for FREE BOOK
"Independence After 40"
No canvassing necessary — "I ad- vertised in our local paper and got in 93 saws — I only work spare time at present" says M. C. Thompson. Leo H. Mix, writes: "I made about $900 i n spare time last year." Free Book shows how you can start in spare time at home with small invest- ment. Send coupon today -no salesman will call.
•Trule Mark Her. U. S, P»t. Of/.
FOIEY^^^^SAW FILER m
FOLEY MFG. CO.. 218-0 Foley BIdg..
Minneapolis 18, Minn.
Send FREE BOOK— "Independence After 40"
yame
Addremt
HOW TO CUT RAFTERS
It's new . . . NOW
New vest pocket books gives lengths, side cuts, plumb | cuts, deductions, for all rafters any building from one inch to forty feet wide. Gives numbers to cut on square. All standard pitches from li" to 12 up to ITJ j and 12 rise. Any one can frame a roof with this great i book. Just open book to your pitch page and there in I plain print is your lengths cuts and deductions for any pitched roof. Also gives how to figure elevations. How to figure lumber. How to lay out window and door openings. Written by Harry (Dad) Bleam and it's a | dandy. Price only $2.00 each.
STRINGER LAYOUTS. ™| ^h^\
Its a simplified stair builders manual; Its a lay out book for carpenters that want a simple way to lay out stair car- riages and stringers. ,Tust plain talk with illustrations that a worker can understand. Xo trigonometry, obtuse angles or other high fluting talk. Not written for a stair builder, but rather for the man who has little time to throw up a stair carriage and trot along with his other work, simple, con- cise, and practical. THE BEST FOR THE MOXET. 72 pages, size 4% x 6% inches. Its a dandy says everyone that has it. Price $2.00. This is another of "Dad Bleam's Books."
CARPENTRY ESTIMATING If you are an apprentice estimator you will want this man- ual on carpentry estimating by "Dad Bleam." Is just the McCoy for the person starting out to do estimating work. Gives costs in carpenter hours. Gives simple and easy tc understand carpentry mathematics. Plenty of charts and s E5vell value, you will like this one if you want to leani. Price $2.00
STEP BY STEP HOUSE FRAMING DETAILS
Step by step house framing details is another of th-; "Dad Bleam manuals." It's crammed full of house fram- ing illustrations, from the laying out of the foundation tc top of roof. Price $2.00
Write
BUILDERS' TOPICS
1512 Market St. Seattle 7, W«»h
NOTICE— ALL THE ABOVE FOUR MANUALS WILL BE SENT TO ANY ADDRESS AT SPECIAL PRICE OF $4.00 YOU SAVE $4.00.
STANLEY LEVELS
Wf \i^ mk iMm ImI l^
Mtade accurate to stay accurate, Stanley Levels have all the fea- :ures that carpenters want . . . for long, dependable service. Look )ver the complete line of Stanley Levels and other fine tools at rour local hardware dealer's. Stanley Tools, New Britain, Conn.
No. 233 LIGHTWEIGHT ALUMINUM LEVEL. Warp and rustproof. Truss construction. Six glasses, fully adjustable to 30°, 45° or degree of pitch to the foot. Precision milled top, bottom and sides. 24 and 28 inch sizes.
/
X
mt TOOl BOX OF THE WORLD
[STANLEY]
Reg. U.S. Pat. Off.
No. 257 SEASONED PINE LEVEL. Lightweight, weather- proofed. Four proved "Cat's Eye" glasses — two single plumbs, one double level. Handy grip and hang hole. 24 and 28 inch sizes.
HARDWARE • TOOLS • ELECTRIC TOOLS • STEEL STRAPPING • STEEL
UNION MADE
f £k£^ Carpenter's '^^^Overalh
LEE
TAILORED SIZES
LEE STURDY ' FABRIC . .
SANFORIZED
Guaranteed I Satisfaction • • . or your money back!
World's Largesf maker of Union- Mad • work clothes.
rfteH.D.LEECO.
I Kansas City, Mo. Tranten. N. J. South Bend. Ind. Minneapolis, Minn. San Franeiseo, Calif Salina, Kant.
AUDELS Carpenters and Buiidei'S Guides
4vois.$6
Inside Trade Inf ermatien
for Carpenters, Bnildere, Jois* era, Boilding Mechanics and all Woodworkers. These Guide* ffive yoa the short-cat iDtitruc- tions that yoa want— incladin^ Dew methods, ideas, solations.
f>lans. systems and money eav- DK soggestions. An easy pro- grressive course for the appren- tice and atadent. A practical dally helper and Quick Refer- ence for the master worker. Carpenters everywhere are Q»» ins these Guides as a Belpins Hand to Easier Work, Better Work and Better Pay. To Bet this assistance (or yoorsau. _. simply fill in and . .
Inside Trade Information On: mailFEEE coupon i)ekrw.
How to use the steel square — How to file and
set saws — How to build furniture — How to use
a mitre box — How to use the chalk line — How
to use rules and scales — How to make joints —
Carpenters arithmetic — Solving mensuration
problems — Estimating strength ol timbers —
How to set girders and sills — How to frame
houses and roofs — How to estimate costs — How
to build houses, bams, garages, bvmgalows, etc.
— How to read and draw plans — Drawing up
specifications — How to excavate — How to use
settings 12, 13 and 17 on the steel square — How
to build hoists and scaffolds — skylights — How
to build stairs — How to put on interior trim — .
How to hang doors — How to lath — lay floors — How to paint.
■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■BM«BBMBKH»H«Ba«B^«»»»B««»^» ■■■■■■■■■■■
AUDEL, Publishers, 49 W. 23rd St., New Yoi* 10, N. Y.
Mail Audeis Carpenters and Builders Guides, 4 vols., on 7 davs' fre* trial, if OK I will remit $1 in 7 days and $1 monthly until $6 is.pakl. —Otherwise I will return them. No obligation unless I am satisfMd.
Name-
Occupation-
CAE
MIRACLE WEDGE
Structures housing equipment and goods of large quantity or heavy weight must be built from best materials throughout in order to have a long and useful life. The door which has proved eminently satisfactory in such structures is The "OVERHEAD DOOR' with the Miracle Wedge. This door combines great strength with light weight and un- paralleled ease of operation. It is equipped with durable hardware, is always ready for instant opening, and it provides a weathertight closure. That is why so many build- ers specify it for every structure. The 'OVERHEAD DOOR" is built for industrial, comm- ercial, residential and rural use, and may be manually or electrically operated.
TRACKS AND HARDWARE OF SALT SPRAY STEEL
I
OVERHEAD DOOR CORPORATION • Hartford City, Indiana, U.S.A.
MANUFACTURING DIVISIONS
ClENOAlE. CAUFOtNIA OPtlAMOMA CITY. OKLAHOMA
OETtOir, MICHIGAN fOITlANO, OIECON
HIUSIDE. NEW JEtSEY lEWISTOWN, FENNSYIVANIA
COtTLANO. NEW YOtK CALIAS, TEXAS
FOUNDED 1881
OfRcial Publication of the UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS of AMERICA
MARCH, 1950
SAMUEL GGMPERS
CENTENNIAL 1S5D — 1950
CRACKED PLASTER-
an opportunity for carpenters!
It can truly be said that the car- penter who makes a business of re- covering cracked ceilings is never out of a job!
For cracked, unsightly and unsafe ceilings are everywhere!
Independent surveys show that tux) out of every three homes have one or more rooms with cracked ceilings in need of repair.
Think what this means to you!
You, as a carpenter, have the skiU — and you can get the material — to supply the only satisfactory answer to ^ cracked ceiling problem.
Patching and makeshift plaster repairs never are satisfactory — never last.
i?e-covering cracked ceilings is rigEtfuUy your job. It can be yours if you will only step up and ask for it.
You can save the housewife from the ordeal of re-plastering. You can save her from the seeping, floating, gritty white dust that causes need- less housecleaning drudgery!
For you — and only you as a car- penter— can apply an Upson Ceiling right over old plaster. Using Upsor Kuver-Krak Panels and Upson Float- ing Fasteners, you can biiild a beau-
tiful ceiling, that wiLL remain foreye crackproof. A ceiling that wiU brin! praise from your customer. A ceUini that you will be proud of yourseli
And you wiU enjoy working oi the job too. Upson Kuyer-Kra] Panels are clean, light in weight, easj to handle, easy to apply. Nearly aJ lumber dealers carry them in stoct Mouldings, furring strips, Upsoi No. 2 Floating Fasteners and nail are all you need.
Send the coupon now for simpl Instruction Sheet. Get started no^ on these pleasant, profitable all-the year jobs.
For the best possible job — insif on 5-ply Kuver-Krak Panels— -s identified on every panel.
THE UPSON COMPANY 433 Upson Pomt, Uekport, New York
Send me Instruction Sheet and information for applying 5 ply Upson Kuver-Krak Panels for Upson Ceilings.
NAME
STREET. CITY
STATE
"Following
the line
is easier
with
SKIL Saw"
You can
always see
both the
blade
and the
mark
SKIL Saw lets you see what you're doing ... on every cut. There's no need to look around motor housings. There's no leaning over the saw to see what's going on. Your line of cut is always in plain view. You see the SKIL Saw blade as it cuts. You work in a normal, easy position.
Full visibility, perfect balance and extra power make SKIL Saw easier to use on any job. Tough, heavy-duty construction keeps SKIL Saw out of the shop, keeps SKIL Saw on the job. Ask your SKIL Tools Distributor
for a demonstration of easy-handling, hard- working SKIL Saws today.
SKIL Saws— for 25 years the leading portable electric saw. Choose from 9 modeb wJth Wade sizes from <S to 12 inches.
SKIL Products ore mode only by
SKILSAW, INC.
5033 Eltton Ave., Chicoflo 30, III.
Factory Branches in Principal Cities
In Canada: SKILTOOLS. LTD.. 66 Portland St., Toronto. Ont.
Trm^^^TCR
Trade Mark Reg. March, 1913
A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.
PETER E. TERZICK, Editor
Carpenters' Building, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis 4, Indiana
Established in 1881 Vol. LXX— No. 3
INDIANAPOLIS, MARCH, 1950
One Dollar Per Year Ten Cents a Copy
— Con tents —
The No. 1 Problem - - - - - - 7
With the possible exception of national security, no one thing is creating more inter- est among the people of the United States than is Social Security. The demand for a realistic Social Security program is tremendous. The House has already passed H.R. 6000 which expands and liberalizes the existing Social Security program. This article makes a comparison of the existing program and the changes proposed by H.R. 6000.
The Ramparts We Watch
10
An Indianapolis paper not known for Its pro-labor bias raises the question, what makes a communist? The paper admits that the economic squeeze turns many loyal citizens into communists because they can see no way out for themselves. Yet whenever some of these unfortunates join a union and go on strike to elevate themselves the paper is almost always against them. Why?
The Place to Start
16
A rotten borough system in many states has long kept the state legislature in the control of rural elements because through outmoded apportionment systems rural citi- zens get from five to twenty times as much representation. The time for a change is long overdue.
Gompers the Peerless
21
When the history of this age is written, few people will have a more prominent role than Samuel Gompers, the product of a London slum, >vhose long and tireless efforts in behalf of working people made him a world figure. His philosophy, wrhich ^as based almost entirely on freedom for all, still guides the destinies of millions of workers throughout the world.
• • •
OTHER DEPARTMENTS
Plane Gossip
The Locker
Editorials
Official
In Memoriam
Correspondence
To the Ladies
Craft Problems
14 19 24 28 29 31 34 36
Index to Advertisers
46
Entered July 22, 1915, at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., as second class mail matter, under Act of
Congress, Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for
in Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917. authorized on July 8, 1918.
CARPENTERS
BUILDERS and APPRENTICES
Get the practical training you need
msss^^^l^^for PROMOTION,
INCREASED INCOME
Prepare now for more pay, greater success. Hundreds have quickly advanced to foreman, superintendent, inspector, estimator, contrac- tor, with this Chicago Tech training in Build- ing. Your practical experience aids your suc- cess.
Learn how to lay out and run building jobs, read blue prints, estimate building costs, superintend con- struction. Practical training -with complete blue print plans and specifications — same as used by superin« tendents and contractors. Over 46 years of experi- ence in training practical builders.
FREE
Blue Prints and Trial Lesson
FHOROUGH TRAINING IN BUILDING
.earn at Home in Your Spare Time
The successful builder will tell you hat the way to the top-pay jobs and uccess in Building is to get thorough knowledge of blue prints, building con- truction and estimating.
n this Chicago Tech Course, you learn to
ead blue prints — the universal language of
he builder — and understand specifications —
or all types of buildings.
Tou learn building construction details :
oundations, vralls, roofs, windows and doors,
rches, stairs, etc.
'ou learn how to lay out work and direct
'uilding jobs from start to finish
0 estimate building costs quick-
7 and accurately. Find out
''.ow you can prepare at home
or the higher-paid jobs in
building, or your own success-
ul contracting business. Get the
acts about this income-boosting
-"■hieago Tech training now.
Send today for Trial Lesson: "How to Read Blue Prints," and set of Blue Print Plans — sent to you Free. See for yourself how this Chicago Tech course prepares you to earn more money, gives you the thorough knowl- edge of Building required for the higher-up jobs and higher pay. Don't delay. Mail the coupon today in an envelope or use penny postcard.
MAIL COUPON NOW
r
Chicago Technical College
C-122 Tech Bldg., 2000 So. Michigan Ave.
Chicago 16, 111.
Mail me Free Blue Print Plans and Booklet : "How to Read Blue Prints" with information about how I can train at home.
You learn
CHICAGO TECHNICAL COLLEGE
TECH BLDG., 2000 SOUTH MICHIGAN AVE., CHICAGO 16, ILL.
BUILD PRESTIGE . . . SATISFY
CUSTOMERS This Easy, Economical War
BILL, YOU'LLBE GLAD I SPECIFIED tJiCHOLS NEVEP-STAIN ALUMINUM NAILS FOR YOUR HOME. THEV won't RUST LIKE ORDINARY NAILS. THEY WON'T STREAK OR STAIN PAINTED SIDING OR CAUSE SIDING TO LOOSEN THR0U6K NAIL RUST. YETTHEY COST LESS THAN ^3.B0 MORETHAN ORD" lARY NAILS FOR /OUR FIVE-ROOM HOUSE
ONE YEAR LATER
WA \^ 10 PERSONALLY
THANK YOU FOR USING ALUMINUM NAILS ON MY HOME. ONE OF h\V NEIGHBORS HAP TO REPAINTHIS HOME 'u!\ST WEEK BECAU5E0F RUSTED SI DI,M6. COST HIM ^300. MY PLACE LOOKS GOOD AS NEW- THANKS TO YOU AMD NEVER-STAiN ALUM i N UM NAILS!
4^e4/ THERE'S A BIG DIFFERENCE IN NAILS!
Nichols Never-S+ain Aluminum Nails are etched from head +o tip for greater holding power , . . drive easily . . . lighter to carry . . . and cost less to apply because no countersink- ing or put+ying is necessary! Billions have been used.
m^i._ ^
WIDE VARIETY OF TYPES AND SIZES
■^^»^
NOW PACKAGED FOR THE JOB!
• Aluminum Roofing Nails • Wood Siding Nails — Casing or Sinker Head
• Asbestos Siding Nails • Rock Lath Nails • Shingle Nails • Asbestos Shingle Nails • Cedar Shake Nails • Driwall-Board Nails • Roofing Nails with or
- — without Gora-Lee neoprene washers
NICHOLS WIRE & ALUMINUM CO.
General OfRee and Plant — Davenport, Iowa Branches — Mason City, Iowa • BaHle Creek, Mich. South Deerfieid, Mass. • Oakland, Cal. • Seattle, Wash.
U M I N U M IS NOT A SUBSTITUTE!
with New AMERICAN 8y2^^SAW
Here's the sweetest handling Saw you've ever used — the sensa^ tional new American! See it — try it — compare! Big capacity — ^y-i^ blade. Big power G.E. motor develops 2^/8 H.P. Top speed cutting, any position . . . for wood, stone, tile, sheet metal, compositions. No jolt — no twist when starting — balanced torque principle. Saves time, saves labor, cuts costs! Send coupon for details and FREE demonstration.
No Jolt — No Twist when starting BALANCED TORQUE PRINCIPLE
SINCE 1903
AMERICAN PORTABLE TOOLS
The American Floor Surfacing Machine Co. 520 So. St. Cloir St., Toledo 3, Ohio
□ Please send me illustrated bulletin and price on new American Power Saw. No obligation.
□ Please arrange a FREE demonstration of the new American Power Saw. No obligation.
City_
.State
with this Cummins
POWER TOOL COIVIBINATION
If you were to buy all the power tools, with independent motor drives, that you'd need to do all the jobs illustrated here, it would cost you in excess of $350.00. For only $176.00 you can buy this new and amazing Cummins Combination of power tools, consisting of Cummins Model 600 Portable Saw the power unit, Cummins Model 630 4" Belt Sander and Cummins Model 640 Planer. In your shop or on the job site these tools will save you money . . . they will do all these jobs faster, better, easier. Write today for complete details. You will be glad you did.
DOOR PLANING
BEVEL PLANING
SURFACE PLANING
Buy r/i/s Great Deaf Today for Only $176.00. See Your Hardware, Woodworking or
Industrial Supply Jobber.
MAIL THIS COUPON TODAY!
Model 600 Sav/
$6250
f^'.y^^
|
1 |
Model 630 Sander $4950 |
Iri |
Model
640 Planer
$6400
CUMMINS MODEL 600 SAW THE POWER UNIT
Cuts 1%" deep in wood. Base adjusts for depth and bevel cuts. At 45° cuts through lumber 1 '/a " thick. Compact ond light. Weighs only 1 1 lbs. Has conven- tional equipment with 6' combination saw blade.
Name
CUMMINS MODEL 630 SANDING UNIT
Mounts to Cummins Model 600 Sow as shown. Standard 4' x 27" belts insure fast, efficient sanding. Quick, easy ad- justment for removing and replacing belts and for centering belts on pulleys. With saw mounted, unit weighs 1 8 lbs.
_ Address
CUMMINS MODEL 640 PLANER UNIT
Mounts to Cummins Model 600 Saw as shown. Removes up to ^g" of stock in one cut. Adjustable for depth of cut. Equipped with bevel attachment. Cutter- head is 4' wide with removable blades. With saw mounted, unit weighs 20 lbs.
I Occupation.
City.
.Zone State
CUMMINS PORTABLE TOOLS
DIVISION OF CUMMINS BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
4740 NORTH RAVENSWOOO AVENUE • CHICAGO 40, ILLINOIS
Over 60 ^ears of Precision Manufacture
THE No. 1 WORRY
• * *
WITH THE possible exception of national security, there is no subject in which the working people of the nation are more interested today than in Social Security. The present Social Security Law went into effect in 1937. At that time most working people agreed that the law was good but somewhat inadequate. Since that time high prices have more than doubled the cost of living. As a result, the Social Security Program laid out thirteen years ago is next to meaningless. Average payments being made to recipients of Old Age Benefits today run somewhere in the neighborhood of twenty-five dollars per month. Obviously no man can even exist on that amount in these days of extremely high prices. The pressure for liberalization of the existing law is tremendous. That something will be done about it shortly seems certain.
All efforts to liberalize Social Security went for naught in the 80th Con- gress, that notoriously anti-labor Congress which passed the Taft-Hartley Law. However, by its fine showing of strength in the 1948 election, organized labor changed the complexion of Congress considerably. A great many anti-labor Congressmen were replaced by men more sympathetic to the needs and de- sires of the common people. When the 81st Congress met, revision of the Social Security Law was one of the first matters placed on the agenda. A great battle developed. The men sent to Congress with labor support fought long and hard for a new and better Social Security Law. They had plenty of oppo- sition, for, despite its great showing at the polls in 1948, organized labor, by a scant margin of fourteen seats in the House and five seats in the Senate, failed to send to Washington a Congress dominated by liberal men. The fight lasted throughout the first session of the 81st Congress. Months rolled by while the reactionary forces managed to keep Social Security amendments bottled up in one committee after another. It looked as if Social Security was doomed. But in the last days of the session, the liberals managed to bring the question on the floor of the House. Once the matter reached the floor, many reactionary Congressmen who fought liberalized Social Security in closed committee meetings had to come out in favor of it in open session. As a result, the House passed H.R. 6000, a measure that liberalizes the Social Security Law considerably. However, the Senate took no similar action.
There the matter rests today. The action taken on H.R. 6000 by the House last year still stands since this is the second session of the same Congress. As yet the Senate has done nothing. Some time this year Social Security will reach the Senate floor. The Senate may pass the same bill as the House or it may pass a different bill; in which case differences would have to be resolved by compromise. However, since the House has already passed H.R. 6000, chances are that it will set the pace for whatever changes will be made in Social Se- curity. Therefore it is important that all members know what changes H.R.
THE CARPENTER
6000 proposes to make in the existing Social Security Law. Listed herewith are major re\-isions contained in H.R. 6000 and a comparison of the bill with the existing law:
PRESENT LAW H.R. 6000
COVERAGE
1. Workers in commerce and industry. 1. ^^^orkers in commerce and industry.
2. Self employed.
3. Regularly employed domestic workers.
4. Employees of non-profit organizations.
5. Employees of State and local govern- ments on a voluntary basis.
BENEFITS FOR BENEFICIARIES ALREADY DRAWING BENEFITS
Now Drawing Will Draw
$10 $25
15 31
20 36
25 44
30 51
35 55
40 60
45 64
FORMULA FOR THOSE WHO RETIRE LN FUTURE
40% of 1st $50 average monthly wage. 50% of first SIOO.
10% of next S200. 10% of next S200.
Plus 1% of tliis amount for each year of Plus ^2% of tlais amount for each year oi:
work. work.
Minimum benefit $10. Benefits are reduced proportionately for
Maximiun for family $85. each year not spent in covered employ-
ment. Minimum S25 for Wage Earner. Maximum for family $150.
EXAMPLE EXAMPLE
A ijian now 65 and retiring has averaged If H.R. 6000 became law, the same
S200 a month since tlie law went into effect man's benefits would be figured as follows:
t ^^'' l/^'^'^fi *^^^/-^^'^f § ^^''' ^"^^ ^^^^- 50% of the first $100 $50.00
fits would be figured as follows: ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^. ^j^^^ .^ ^^^ ^^ 5^0^ ^q Oq
40% of the first S50 $20.00
10% of the rest, that is 10 %c of $150 15.00 Total $60.00
rp„. 1 r,-, - an Plus Vz % for each year worked; tliat
lotal $00.00 . , ,^ ,. 1/ c Q on
IS 13 tmies ¥2% 3.90
Plus 1 % for each year covered; that
is 13 years times 35c $ 4.55 So his monthly benefit would be — S63.90
So his monthly benefit would be $39.55 NOTE: A%"erage monthly earnings are
figiu-ed tlie same way. However, under
NOTE: Average monthly earnings are H.R. 6000 a worker woidd be penalized
arrived at by di\'iding total money earned ¥2% for each year not worked in co\ered
during the 13 years by 156 months, the total emploj-ment. But H.R. 6000 makes provi-
number of months in 13 years; which means sions for total disability before age 65,
months not worked are counted in too, thus which the present bill ignores, tending to bring down the average.
PRESENT LAW H.R. 6000
CONTRIBUTIONS
iy2% on first $3000 for employee and em- 1. iy2% on first $3600 for employer and plo\'er. employee.
2. Self employed 2^4% on first $3600.
THE CARPENTER 9
INSURED STATUS
$50 in wages in calendar quarter is "Quar- Raised to $100 per quarter, ter of Coverage",
Fully Insured 1. Same or
1, % of number of quarters from 1937 or 2. Same.
age 21 to age 65 or death, or 3. 20 quarters out of the 40 preceding
2. 40 quarters. death.
REQUIREMENTS FOR WAGE EARNER'S BENEFITS
1. 65 years old. Same.
2. Be fully insured.
REQUIREMENTS FOR WIFE'S BENEFITS
1. 65. 1. Same.
2. Living with husband. 2. Same.
3. Wife of retired beneficiary. 3. Same.
4. % of Primary Insurance Benefits of hus- 4. Same.
band. 5. Eligible if under 65 if she has a child
under 18 in her care.
REQUIREMENTS FOR CHILDREN'S BENEFITS
1. Each child under 18 receives % Primary 1. Same, plus % of PIB divided among all Insurance Benefit. children.
REQUIREMENTS FOR WIDOW'S CURRENT INSURED BENEFITS
1. Legal widow. 1. Same.
2. Mother of child under 18. 2. Same.
3. Living with or supported by husband. 3. May be divorced but must have been
supported by husband.
LUMP SUM DEATH PAYMENT
1. Paid when no one entitled to monthly 1. Paid in all cases, benefits.
2. Six times primary benefit. 2. Three times primary benefit.
WORK LIMITATION
1. Worker not entitled to benefits if he 1. Amount is raised to $50.
earns more than $14.99 per month. 2. Earnings limitation removed completely
for all over 75.
PERMANENT AND TOTAL DISABILITY
No Provisions. 1. Disability payments start 1/1/51.
2. Permanently and totally disabled.
3. 20 of last 40 and 6 of last 13 quarters.
4. Waiting period of six months.
5. Under 65.
6. Same rate as Old Age Insurance Pay- ments.
7. Payments reduced when Workman's Compensation payable.
'.' 8. No payment for dependents.
This is a comparison of the most important provisions of the Act. It is not intended to include minor technical changes of lesser importance.
While the formulas herein laid down are accurate, it should be emphasized [that Social Security, both under the existing law or under H.R. 6000 if passed, is complicated. One worker may get back many times what he pays in while [.; another may not even get back as much. Each case is different, and age, num- [ber of quarters worked in covered employment, age of dependents, etc., all ! have a bearing on what a worker or his survivors will get. Anyone interested I in knowing where he stands in his Social Security Account should contact the iclosest Social Security Office where he can get complete information. I In Canada, too. Social Security is a pressing problem. There is much agi- i tation for a real Social Security program throughout the provinces. Here, too, sorely needed revision seems to be in prospect in the near future.
10
The Ramparts We Watch
LIKE MOST of its contemporaries, the Indianapolis Times is not noted for its liberal bias. On the contrar}'. and mostly with prett\' good cause, we ma}" add. the Indianapolis link in the Scripps-Howard chain has often been accused b>" working people of going out of its way to belittle social legislation and stigmatize organized labor whenever possible. Year in and year out the Tmies has sung the same old tune that the commercial press has long since made its theme song— Social securit)" is socialistic; pubHc housing is a demoralizing influence on rugged individualism; the labor movement is a racket dominated by a few 'T)osses". Indianapolis readers of the sheet have come to expect such tripe in the Times as standard. Therefore it must ha\'e been quite —
a shock to many of them to read in the January 25 issue an article by Harold H. Hartley, Times Business Editor, admitting what we ha^"e long contended— that some people have it tough these days. Because it contains more than a grain of truth, we here- \^"ith reprint tlie article:
HOUSING GOUGE TURNS MEN RED ' By H. H. Hartley. Times Business Editor
^^'ant to know how to make a Com- munist of a man who finds the Amer- ican way is forcing him to listen to promises of "a better way"?
Take any bo\' who sang the "Star- Spangled Banner' and studied the multiphcation tables, and learned the glowing history of his countr\"'s founding— take the boy. get him mar- ried, let him start to find a place to live if his wages are low.
If he is earning about S40 a week on a labor job, he finds most of his money goes to the food store, the clothing store and for the bare es- sentials.
He finds he has to rent 'light house- keeping" rooms to get started. There
are plent>" of them, made-over houses, with cheap partitions, sometimes not e\en reaching the ceiling, witli a com- munity" bathroom, shared by the rest of the roomers.
For this he has to pay from 815 to S20 a week. Add that up and you get from S65 to SSo a month, high rent for a man making S40 a week. .\nd there is no chance for him to accumulate even the few dollars necessary- to make the down payment e\e\\ on a thrift home with FHA help.
^^"hen he needs something for him- self, his \^ife or his home, he usually has to "finance it." There he gets caught again with high interest rates. The poor fellow has nothing left.
He is constantly mired in debt with no chance to get out.
He is caught in a treadmill, living from hand to mouth with barely enough money to squeeze in a movie exery three or four months.
And wiXh his SSO a month rent for a cheap furnished "apartment'' his tangle with the finance companies, and maybe his union dues, he can easily become a lost and hopeless man, searching for "a better way."
THE CARPENTER
11
That is where the Communists get their footholds, among the rent- gouged, low-wage workers who pay too much for too little, and can never have anything left.
There is more of this than you sus- pect here in Indianapolis, and right now the government, through a de- tailed survey, is trying to find out what the conditions actually are— and what can be done about it.
But that is the way the boy with the clear soprano voice who sang the high notes of "The Star-Spangled Ban- ner" in knee pants grows up in a money world which tightens about him— and that's the way a Communist is made.
It is time we did something about it before it is too late.
We particularly like the last para- graph of Hartley's article. It is indeed time "we did something about it be- fore it is too late." And no one could 'aeed that advice to better advantage 'han daily papers like the Times. In recent years, thousand upon thou- sands of young men caught in a vici- ous economic trap like the young fel- low described by Hartley have joined I union and occasionally gone on itrike in an effort to better their eco- lomic conditions. If the Times has upported them once it was in an ssue that we missed, because every ime we have seen any comment by he Times on a labor situation it has ilways been in praise of the Taft- iartley Law and against the eco- lomic costliness of strikes. The work- 'ng people have always known what he Times only recently has come to luspect. They joined unions as the urest and best way of securing a nodicum of economic justice. But hey have done it in spite of the daily 'ress rather than because of any en- louragement it gave.
We have always maintained that the one great hope of beating down Communism permanently in this na- tion has rested in the labor movement. Today we are more than ever con- vinced of the truth of that statement. The young squirt just starting out on a job is not the only fellow feeling the economic pinch these days. How about the old timer who gave every- thing he had to the building of this nation but who, through sickness or misfortune, was unable to accumulate anything for his old age? Is he happy on Social Security of twent>'-five dol- lars a month? Is that all he is entitled to? The unions don't thing so, so they are hammering away at decent pen- sions. How about the victims of technological unemployment, the physically handicapped, and the other unfortunates who lose out through no fault of their own? They are all peo- ple that organized labor concerns it- self about. They are all people ripe for Communist propaganda if nothing is done for them. In the final analysis, it is organized labor that is carrying the fight for economic justice for all groups and all people; and there is no more effective weapon against com- munism than economic justice.
However, in many of the upper echelons of our society organized la- bor is more thoroughly distrusted than Communism itself. Too much of that distrust has been reflected in the daily press. It is time that some of these upper crusters took a realistic look at themselves and the present situation as it really exists.
The American businessman is "ig- norant, abysmally ignorant, about what Communism is, what Commu- nists are," according to Prof. James Burnham of New York University. Professor Burnham, now on leave, is with the State Department in an ad- visory capacity.
12
THE CARPENTER
Professor Burnham, whose views were published in the monthly Par- tisan Review magazine under the title, "The Suicidal Mania of Ameri- can Business," denounces the busi- ness man class because it is "too greedy, too reactionary and,, in a cer- tain sense, too cowardly."
The author's indictment charges that:
1. Businessmen are "irked" by the State Department's restrictions on ex- ports to the Communist Empire.
2. The "monstrous incomes and profits" of the American businessman "are emotional explosives handed gratuitously to the Communist propa- ganda machine."
3. "Very many businessmen do not know the difference between a Com- munist and an anarchist, democratic socialist or mere eccentric dissident."
4. "Some of the businessmen, plain and simple reactionaries, are abso- lutely antiunion. They would like lit- erally to smash the trade unions. Since their likes become known (they) heap up grist for the Communist propaganda mill.
5. Other businessmen, "from igno- rance or greed or both, act toward unions in such a way as to aid Com- munist-led unions against anticom- munist groups."
6. Some great publishing houses "have distributed millions of copies of propagandized books by Communists and their fellow-travelers" and in their million-copied magazines, they print articles skillfully advancing the Com- munist line.
"While the New Leader," says Pro- fessor Burnham, "the finest anticom- munist paper in the country, and a journal of real distinction, tilts per- manently on the edge of bankruptcy, and keeps barely going only because
of the goodwill of its first-rate but un- paid contributors and the enlightened backing of David Dubinsky, the busi- nessmen write their checks to news- papers and magazines run by Com- munist united fronts or hospitable to Communist-line authors."
The author, whose article is a se- lection from his book to be published in February called "The Coming De- feat of Communism," says that during the 1949 recession, "shabby schemes for evading (State Department) re- strictions, by indirect sales through Holland, Belgium and other interme- diary nations, were worked out."
"Though the British aid to German rearmament and the American sales of iron and oil to Japan," he writes, "are the freshest and most painful of examples, history, experience and common sense are fatuously disre- garded. It would not, of course, be sensible to stop all trade with the Communist Empire. . . . But to trade on a big and unrestricted scale is to prepare suicide, or, rather, to build the guillotine for one's own execu- tioner. The inability of the Commu- nists to solve their economic problem is probably their greatest weakness, and our greatest protection. Are we, then, going to solve it for them?"
Your businessmen regard them- seh^es as staunchly anticommunist "but because they do not understand Communism (and because they are greedy and short-sighted) they act frequently in ways that helps Com- munism," says Professor Burnham.
"They really cannot believe that the Communists mean what they say," he writes, "just as they could not bring themselves to believe Hitler.- They do not believe that the Communists are serious when they declare they are going to conquer the world."
Professor Burnham uses strong lan- guage in making his indictments.
THE CARPENTER 13
Whether or not he is entirely justified among the groups which represent is probably a debatable point. Yet the what might be called the "economi- truth remains that we are in the cally dispossessed" organized labor is midst of a great sociological upheaval, the only effective force fighting for Whether Communism or democracy democracy and the democratic way. will emerge depends on the degree of Whatever weakens labor also weak- economic justice which can be ens the main defensive ramparts of achieved for all groups within our the democratic fortress. All should national economic life. With and realize that.
DEATH CALLS CHARLES H. SANDS
Charles H. Sand passed away January 17th. In his passing not only the United Brotherhood but the entire labor movement of the middlewest lost a great and fighting champion. Born in Sweden some sixty-seven years ago, Brother Sands migrated to this country as a young lad, eventually locating permanently in Chicago. As soon as he became old enough to enter the build- ing trades he became a union man. Joining Local Union No. 58, he soon rose to prominence as a union officer and delegate to the council. When the office of secretary-treasurer of the Chicago District Council became vacant in 1922 Brother Sands' efiicient and loyal record made him logical choice for that position.
From 1922 until ill health compelled him to retire in 1948, Brother Sands filled that position capably. In addition he served many terms as vice-presi- dent of the State Federation. Down the years no one fought such anti-labor movements as the Landis Award and the anti-trust suits harder than did Brother Sands. His memory will always remain an inspiriation to those who
follow in his footsteps.
•
BRITISH LABOR OFFICIAL VISITS GENERAL OFFICE
Early this year the General Office was privileged to play host to a distinguished labor official from England. In the United States as a guest of the government to study Ameri- can production techniques, Brother G. I. Brinham, a mem- ber of the Executive Board of the Amalgamated Society' of Woodworkers (formerly the Amalgamated Society of Car- penters and Joiners), made it a point to visit Indianapolis and the General Office of our United Brotlierhood. For tlie better part of two days he remained in the city and during that time he was afforded ample opportunity to see how our United Brotherhood conducts its affairs. A keen and highly intelligent young man, Brother Brinham made the most of his opportunity. He expressed amazement at tlie efficiency and smoothness with which the General Office handles its voluminous and comphcated business.
Although relatively young. Brother Brinliam has had wide experience in tlie English labor movement. As Execu- jdve Board member of tlie Amalgamated Society for the district comprising Ireland and a oart of Wales, he has traveled v^ddely throughout tlie British Isles. After lea^'ing Indian- apohs. Brother Brinham returned to England to participate in British election matters. As 1 token of esteem, he presented General President William L. Hutcbeson witli a history of he Amalgamated Society.
SIP
TIME TO REALLY WORK
Day by day our present state of peace becomes more precarious. Relations with Russia are deteriorating rapidly. And if the United States has any definite foreign policy capable of staving off war, few people seem to know it. In our very highest councils, half of our leaders are for one policy while the other half is for something entirely dif- ferent. Who is right and who is wrong is beyond the capacity of a poor old carpenter to decide, but with the H-bomb now ready to make the A-bomb look like a firecracker it is our ferment hope that they all get on the right track and soon. The way they have been carrying on sort of reminds us of the two lushes who went to see a very sick friend. The man's wife told them that the doctor was with the patient, but that one of them could sneak upstairs and peek through the door. One of the tipplers did so but was soon back down stairs looking very con- cerned.
"Bill's very bad," he said. "The doctor said to him, 'Do you see red elephants with green eyes in the room, and monke>s on the wardrobe?' and Bill said 'No.' The doc- tor said again, 'Do you see white cock-
*They say you can appeal best to union men with iust common scentsr
roaches with little black dogs riding on their backs on the ceiling?' and Bill said 'No.' Then the doctor said, 'Do you see purple lobsters with yellow cats on the wall?' and Bill said 'No' again."
"Well, what of it?" asked his companion.
"What of it?" repeated the other, bursting into tears. "Bill's real bad— the room was full of them."
* * *
IT HAPPENS THAT WAY
Sometime this month tlie last of the fifteen odd million men who served in the U. S. Armed Forces during the recent war will receive their rebate checks on the insurance they carried while in uniform. Thus several billion dollars of purchasing power will be pumped into the market places of the na- tion. An Indianapolis carpenter who put in a four-year hitch in the Army described it thusly:
"As soon as I got my check my wife asked me to go shopping. She took me to tlie dressmakers, she took me to the milliners, she took me to the fmniture store, and be- fore we got home she took me to the cleaners."
• • •
SOMETHING FISHY
That Big Business is thinking about de- manding a complete revision of tax laws seems indicated by publicity which one of the major employer associations is now put- ting out. According to this publicity. Big Business is even ready to accept an increase in its share of taxes if only some of the overlapping, confusing, duplicating methods of the present system are eliminated.
Far be it from us to doubt tlie sincerity of such propaganda, but the idea of Big Business agreeing to higher taxes brings to mind the old one about the fellow buying the want ad.
"I'd like to place an ad offering $500 re- ward for the return of my wife's cat," he infonned the clerk.
That's a mighty big reward for one little cat," said the ad taker.
"Not for this one," calmly replied the customer. "You see I drowned the blasted thing last week."
THE CARPENTER
15
DOUBTFUL IMPROVEMENT
The year 1949 was a year in which the Taft-Hartley Law supposedly reached its stride. 1948— the first full year in which the law was in effect— turned out to be some- diing less than encouraging to the pro- ponents of the law who maintained that Taft-Hartley was the cure-all for industrial relations.
"The law hasn't had time to jell," they ;aid when the 1948 results were evaluated. 'Wait until 1949 when the law really gets ■}ie kinks ironed out of it."
Well, 1949 has now become history. While the number of strikes was not the lighest in history, the seriousness and long duration of many strikes made 1949 about as bad a year on the labor relations front is tliis nation has seen in some time. Despite the record, the Taft-Hartleyites are still try- ing to picture the law as a boon to indus- rial peace, which places them in a position about like the country grocer whose best ;ustomer had a complaint.
"I'm not going to buy any more of your :rackers," said the customer. "I hear the nice are always running over them."
"That ain't so," replied the grocer in in- dignation, "Why the cat sleeps in the barrel ?verv night."
• * * TIMES HAVE CHANGED
Once upon a time collective bargaining ;onsisted of representatives of labor and rep- resentatives of management sitting around a :able together and thrashing out an agree- nent in language everybody understood. That was long before the Taft-Hartley Law, lowever. As the following example from an actual XLRB case involving our Brotherhood ndicates, collective bargaining is something altogether different since the Tafts and the hartleys entered the picture.
This is part of the language used by the S'LRB in deciding whether it was lawful for anion members carrying truthful signs to conduct peaceful picketing in public places:
"Our dissenting colleagues apparently do act beheve that Section 8(b) (1) (A) would 36 substantially duplicated if Section 8(c) '.vere read into Section 8(b) (4) (A) because temporary injunctive relief under Section L0(1) was not available against Section 8(b) 1) (A) conduct as it is against Section 8(b) .1) (A) conduct, and because no civil suit by an injured party could be brought under Section 303 of Title III for damages sus- ained as a consequence of acts described as inlawful which also constitute unfair labor practices under Section 8(b) (4) (A)."
SO SAYS PAUP
"Women," said Joe Paup in his latest monthly communique, "are the most unpre- dictable creatures on earth. A wife who can spot a blonde hair on a coat sleeve at ten paces can't see a pair of garage doors at four,"
• • •
LIKE A TAXPAYER
No wonder the little duckling
Had his face screwed up in a frown,
For he had just discovered
That his first pair of pants were down.
• • •
PAUP DECLARES INDEPENDENCE
In 1950, Joe Paup, Confucius of the pool room, in a changed man.
In his mid-winter communique, Paup recently announced:
"No longer does the Mrs. wear the pants in OUT house. This is a two-pants suit so now we each wear a pair."
• * •
EXPERT ADVICE
A preacher whose congregation regularly spurn seats in the front of the church was surprised to see one man, a stranger, in the very first row. After the sermon, the pastor asked the man why he sat down in front. The man rephed that, being a bus driver, he wanted to find out how the preacher got people to move to the rear.
A MAN WORKS
n HOURS A DAY f^OR 37"^ AN HOUR. HOW MUCH DOES HE EARN IN 6 DAYS ?
32.
© 1949 ^/ifiC SrA/^y^/TZ
**Why demoralize us with examples of such lousy, non-union wages and hourer
16
THE PLACE TO START
PARADOXES ARE nothing new in politics. Years ago some sage ob- server stated, "politics make strange bedfellows." Never was that truer than it is right now. On more than one issue the communists and arch- conservatives are on the same side of the fence today. To the uninitiated, this may appear to be a strange phenomenon, but to the seasoned politician it is nothing more or less than practical political maneuvering.
On the labor front, the strange divisions of political loyalties that exist | today seem inexplicable. Yet behind them lie ancient and solidly-entrenched ' political machinations of long standing. Why should Congressional repre- sentatives from a certain state (and there are a number of such instances) work diligently for repeal of the Taft-Hartley Law while at the same time the legis- , lature in the state capital is passing equally vicious anti-labor legislation by |l overwhelming majorities? Both the congressional representati\'es and the state legislators are elected by the people of the state. Yet one group follows a pro-labor line while another is just as staunchly anti-labor. To conclude that one group or the other is out of
touch with the people in such in- stances is to underestimate the astute- ness of the average politician. Both the Congressmen and state legisla- tors in such instances are on their toes and aware of what is going on in the minds of their constituents. The fact that they take opposing lines of ac- tion on labor matters stems not from ignorance on one side or the other but rather from the fact that archaic apportionment methods deprive mil- lions of American citizens of true rep- resentation in their state legislatures. Particularly is this true since the war dislocated large segments of our pop- ulation.
In most states, legislative districts are founded on population surveys that took place anywhere from fifty to a hundred years ago. The popula- tion patterns that existed in those days often have nothing in common with the patterns that exist today. Yet legislative seats are still rigidly
apportioned according to the popula- tion figures that existed in President McKinley's time.
On the other hand, Congressional districts are reapportioned periodical- ly. As the population pattern changes, the Congressional districts are revised to keep representation nearly equal. Consequently, people in all areas en- joy something akin to equal represen- tation in Congress. But far from it in many state legislatures. City dwellers are steadily losing out in the state legislatLires as rural districts tighten their grip on control of the legisla- tures through moth-eaten apportion- ment methods. Richard Neuberger, magazine writer and member of the Oregon Senate, exposes the vicious- ness of the process in a recent article in The Survey. In part, Neuberger points out:
"During the past four or five dec- ades, the United States has become preponderantly a nation of city dwel-
THE CARPENTER
17
lers. For better or for worse, people have migrated from the green coun- tryside to the brick and concrete. When this century began, 61 per cent of all Americans lived in rural areas. The percentage is down to 40 per cent now and is dropping every year.
"But most of the legislatures of the forty-eight states are districted on the basis of the populations of 1900 or thereabouts, absolutely without re- gard to 1950.
"We were an agrarian nation when these legislative seats were last ap- portioned, that is, when the districts were laid out in conformance with population shifts up to that time. To- day we are the world's foremost in- dustrial sovereignty, the birthplace of mass production and atomic power, yet we continue to be ruled by legis- latures modeled after a civilization of pastures and fields. This becomes painfully clear after a look at the 1949 estimates of the U. S. Bureau of the Census upon which most of the figures given here are based.
"The legislature of Mississippi has not been reapportioned since 1892, Kentucky not since 1893, Illinois not since 1909. Tennessee's most recent reapportionment was, incredibly, in L834. Connecticut ventured a redis- tricting 80 years ago; nothing has oeen done in the interval. Obviously liere is scant relationship between he Connecticut population structure irf 1870 and today. Yet the 1870 cen- sus determines the seats in the pres- ent Nutmeg legislature!
j "My own legislative status affords H specific example of exactly what liis can mean. In the Oregon state ;enate I represent a Portland district. The city has soared 230 per cent in population since the last reapportion- nent— in 1910— but in all these forty ^ears it has not received a single ad- ditional senator. Our state constitu-
tion requires that the legislature be reapportioned every ten years. This has been ignored for four decades.
"The Oregon constitution also specifies that senatorial districts shall be equal in population. I represent 81,000 people. A few desks away sits a Senator from a realm of sagebrush and mountains, and he represents 7,200 people. That is the total popu- lation for his district. Any time there is a roll-call, regardless of the pro- posal at issue, his vote can cancel mine. The result, of course, is that each resident of this Senator's district in the backwoods has 11 times the voice in the state senate of one of my constituents in Portland.
"What is the outcome in terms of practical legislation?
"Our state, as one example, has a rigid milk control law which discrim- inates heavily against urban consum- ers by forbidding grocers to sell grade "A" at low prices. Again, the legisla- ture declined to take any positive steps toward slum clearance in the cities, but on the other hand, it cre- ated a potato commission with au- thority to levey an impost on every sack, regardless of boosting the price to consumers. Destitute children, again, fared far worse when it came to appropriations than did rural roads.
"And, to cite one more indignit)', automobile license fees were doubled on lightweight passenger sedans, a city dweller's type, at the same time that tolls went down for a 34,000- pound truck and trailer.
"I should like to emphasize that my colleague from the wide open spaces is no less conscientious or sincere than I. But he comes from a totally different realm. What does he know of tenements, of unbelievable traffic congestion, of abandoned children, of racial bigotry, of destitution in old
18
THE CARPENTER
age? His 7,200 constituents are scat- tered over a vast upland. The com- plexities of urban life to them are unfamiliar hearsay. Their ranches are across the hilltop, as a rule, from the next cluster of buildings and corrals, and elbow room is plentiful.
"This rural domination of our state legislatures is practically universal. St. Louis, with 816,000 people, has the same number of seats in the Mis- souri House of Representatives as eighteen hinterland counties, with 158,000 peple. Hartford and Cole- brook each has two members in the Connecticut House. The population of Hartford is 166,000, that of Cole- brook 547. Los Angeles and San Francisco contain virtually half of California's residents, but qualify for a mere 5 per cent of the senate desks at Sacramento. Baltimore has 48 per cent of Maryland's people, yet only 29 per cent of the state legislators.
"The Minnesota constitution, like that of Oregon, requires legislative zones of substantially equal popula- tion, yet some of its House districts have 7,500 people, others 65,000. The constitution is honored strictly in the breach. As in so many other states, Minnesota's urban areas receive the shortest shifts. Ramsey and Henne- pin counties— the cities of St. Paul and Minneapolis— would be legally and mathematically entitled to at least five additional state senators and ten more representatives. De- spite complete justification on the basis of population, the two large cities seem unlikely to attain their quota.
With labor girding on its armor for an all-out entrance into the political arena, the facts which Mr. Neuberger points out cannot be ignored. What good to repeal the Taft-Hartley Law if forty-eight states adopt equally vicious state laws which accomplish
the same purposes as the Taft-Hart- ley Law? So long as state legislatures remain in the control of small rural cliques which hold their power through outmoded, rotten borough systems, industrial workers can never achieve very much liberal progress. So long as the rural citizen continues to have anywhere from five to ten times the voting strength his city brother has, pro-rural legislation will continue to be passed at the expense of the city dwellers.
Strangely enough, most states in which the borough system keeps small, rural minorities in control of state legislatures have state constitu- tions which require zones of substan- tially equal population as the basis for apportioning seats in the legisla- tures. The difficulty stems from the fact that the constitutions are never really lived up to and no concerted efforts are ever made to secure com- pliance.
Changing the rotten borough sys- tem in many states cannot be consid- ered an easy task. Yet it is a job that labor must do if it expects to make its political action even akin to effec- tive. More than a quarter of the I states now have anti-labor laws which I are even more vicious than the Taft- Hartley Law. Another quarter have laws which restrict labor to some ex- tent, although not as damagingly as the Taft-Hartley Law. Until such laws are repealed, labor cannot con- sider its political job done, and until outmoded apportionment laws are changed in many of these states, chances of repealing the anti-labor laws are small.
The Federal government is now in the process of taking a new census. That census will reveal the true pop- ulation in every state. With this cen- sus as a basis to work from, more realistic apportionment divisions should be worked out in all states.
i
THE LOCKER
By JOHN HART, Local Union 366, New York, N. V.
This fricassee of arithmetical curiosities, oddities, short cuts, etc., etc., is compiled solely for amusement— or perhaps amazement. It all goes to show what we knew when going to school still holds true. Arithmetic is wacky. You are advised to save it for a rainy day. Answers, etc., are on page 30.
No. 1
Write down the year you were initiated
How old were you the year the war ended? yrs.
How long will you be in the Brotherhood this year? yrs.
Now put down the year you were born
Add up tliese 4 numbers, then look at the answer page
No. 2
Multiphcand 976 9-[-7-j-6=22 2 = 2= 4 To prove an answer in mul-
Multiplier 379 3-i-7-J-9=19 l-f9=10 1_|-0=1 tiplication is right: Add the
multiplicand across. Add
8784 4 the result until only one fig-
6832 ure is left. Do the same
2928 witli the multiplier. Multi-
ply the resulting figures.
Product 369904 3+6+9+9+04-4 = 313+1=4 What you get is the check
figure (4). The product is added similarly and reduced to another check figure. If the two figures are alike the answer is correct. If not, something is wrong somewhere. This is called the unitate system of proving an answer. All the above addition should be done mentally and only the check figures written down. Time: The usual way, 30 sees. This way, 15 sees.
No. 3
A number is divisible:
By 2 if it is an even number. (You live and you learn.)
By 3 if tlie sum of its figures is divisible by 3. Examples, 2601, 579, 14280.
By 4 if it ends in 00 or 2 figures divisible by 4. 13700, 33128, 97672.
By 5 if it ends in 0 or 5. (We heard that before somewhere.)
By 6 if it is an even number divisible by 3. 2604, 10008, 7710.
By 8 if it ends in 000 or 3 figures divisible by 8. 33000, 73216, 9720.
By 9 if the sum of its figures is divisible by 9. 783, 8001, 111330.
No. 4
Which figure do you make poorest? Multiply it by 9. Now multiply 12345679 (no 8) by what you got. If you need more practice multiply the following:
37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 Now figures out why the num- 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 ber 37 should be so peculiar.
I No. 5
ASTRONOMY. Lesson No. 108
Distance of the earth from the sun is about 108 times diameter of the sun. Distance of the earth from the moon is about 108 times diameter of the moon. , The calculated diameter of the sun is about 108 times diameter of the earth.
No. 6
28657 To prove an answer in addition. Add up the first or unit coltmin.
79669 42 (42) Carry nothing. Add the ne.xt column (38). Put it down one
74375 38 figvire back from the previous one. And so on until all columns
57958 33 are added. Step back each result. Now add up in the usual way.
89487 45 This might be a good way to do the addition in the first. Put the
" 38576 33 figures directly underneath. If interrupted you can always pick up
where you left oflF.
378722 378722
20
THE CARPENTER
No. 7 A man found a wallet containing 6 bills totaling $58.00. He kept one bill for himself and divided the remaining 5 between his wife and daughter so that each received an equal amoimt. What were the 6 bills?
No. 8 After selling 10 per cent of his land a farmer had 100 acres left. What was the original size of his farm?
No. 9
Strike out 100 points with 4 continuous straight lines in this way: First stroke, 20. Second, 20. Third, 30. Fourth, 30. Start an^'^A'here. Make your line as long as you wish. There are 8 ways to do this.
LOLLIPOPS (Children Only)
|
10 |
10 |
10 |
|
10 |
20 |
10 |
|
10 |
10 |
10 |
Riley's cat went up a tree
^^^hich was sixty feet and three.
Every day she climbed eleven.
Every night she slipped down seven.
Figure out for mom and pop
When her paws would reach tlie top.
B
How much is lost by measuring 20 ft. of rope with a yardstick which has the last 3 inches cut off?
Which costs most? Half a dozen dough- nuts at a dozen pennies a half a dozen or a dozen oranges at half a dozen nickels a dozen and a half. D
(d) (b)
Solve: 5+9x3-7= 10-:-2-f 10x2=
E
Write the figures 1234567 in rotation to form a sum in addition totaling 100.
Helped President Wilson at Paris
This is the AFL delegation which helped advise President Woodrow Wilson at the Paris Peace Conference from January to April, 1919. Seated (1. to r.), First Vice-President James Duncan and President Samuel Gompers. Standing (1. to r.). Third Vice-President Frank Duffy, Fourth Vice-President William Green, now AFL President, and former Third Vice-President John R. Alpine. Vice-President Alben W. Barkley told those at the Gompers Memorial Dinner Jan. 5, 1950, that "there was no man in America upon whom ^^^oodrovv Wilson leaned more heavily or confidently than upon Samuel Gompers."
21
Solomon and Sarah (Rood) Gompers, both of whom had been born in Hol- land. They were wage-earning folk.
After four years of schooling, young Gompers was apprenticed to the shoe-
GOMPERS THE PEERLESS
* •
THE WORLD OF LABOR has produced only one Sam Gompers. Few leaders in any field of endeavor have so influenced their era and succeeding decades as did Samuel Gompers by his life-long service in the cause of labor.
From a shoemaker's apprentice at ten to undisputed world labor leader, the life of this English-born son of Dutch parents gave leadership to trade unionism in the United States and spiritual inspiration to working people throughout the world.
Today, more than 25 years after his death, the prophetic philosophy of Samuel Gompers guides the destinies of millions in the trade union move- ment in North America.
Samuel Gompers was one of the most unusual and versatile leaders the labor movement has ever pro- duced.
A man of little formal schooling, he studied throughout his life and discussed problems of politics, eco- nomics, and world affairs with the best of his contemporaries.
A man from humble circum- stances, he had a deep apprecia- tion for the cultural pursuits of literature, music, and the arts and numbered among his friends many from the world of art and enter- tainment.
A man who had to fight his way upward at a time when unionism was frowned upon, he became a great leader recognized the world over as the champion of working people. Sam Gompers led a full life and an unselfish one devoted to the cause he held most dear— union ■ labor.
Samuel Gompers was born in Lon- don January 27, 1850, the son of
SAMUEL GOMPERS
makers' trade but soon tiu-ned to the trade followed by his father, cigar- making. At 13 years of age the family moved to America, and in this country young Sam completed his apprentice-
90
THE CARPENTER
ship and became a journeyman work- er. He joined the Enghsh-speaking Cigarmakers' Union in New York City, old Local No. 15.
Young Gompers early exhibited a characteristic which led to his active participation in union affairs and and helped to carry him to the top of its councils— his love of people. He was attracted by the humanitarian aspect of lodge and fraternal work and gave considerable time to it in his early days.
He soon saw that labor organiza- tion work offered greater dividends in terms of humanitarian ser\-ice than did fraternal activities and so he soon turned to trade unionism and made it his life's work. He held Card No. 1 in the Cigarmakers' International Union and served as president of Local No. 144 from 1876-1881. He was delegate to the international con\-ention of his union from 1877 through the 24th convention in 1922. He was second vice president for 12 years. 1887-96 and first vice president thereafter.
But the boundless energy and zeal of this cigarmaker could not be con- tained in one union. He was active with others in tr\ing to weld together the diverse and disunited forces of la- bor into one national or international federation. He worked at his trade until he was 37 and devoted his spare time to union organization work.
He worked with other pioneers to form a national federation in 1881 and served three years as president and two >ears as member of the legisla- ti\"e committee, ^'\lth the formation of the American Federation of Labor proper in 1886 Gompers was elected president at the magnificent salar)- of 81,000 per year and expenses.
Samuel Gompers distinguished him- self as a pioneer and a leader in labor, as a strong participant in international
affairs, and as a writer on subjects about or affecting the welfare of workers.
He served as president of the Amer- ican Federation of Labor from 1886 until his death in 1924, with the ex- ception of one year. Substantial gains for workers were made and the foun- dations which were to be the basis for AFL success were laid.
President Gompers advocated eco- nomic organization as a means of serving trade unions and he felt that economic mobilization of strength along non-partisan lines would lead to success.
He fought from the earliest stages of his career the infiltration of ex- treme radicals, the forerunners of present day communists, into the A. F. of L.
He particularly opposed their at- tempts to inveigle the A. F. of L. into an independent political movement and thereby make labor the tail of a political kite.
Gompers expressed the political policy of labor through his famous doctrine: "Stand faithfully by our friends and elect them. Oppose our enemies and defeat them; whether they be candidates for President, for Congress, or other officers; whether Executive, Legislative, or Judicial"— a polic}" adopted today by all con- structive parts of American labor.
In 1906 he submitted a Bill of Grie\"ances to responsible political representati\"es and this marked the beginning of effective presentation by organized labor of its cause to legis- lators. To Sam Gompers chiefly is due the enactment into law of that fundamental economic principle: the labor of a human being is not a com- modit}\
Although a pacifist, Gompers felt it (,, his duty to lead in his capacity the I
r^
THE CARPENTER
23
support in the fight for democracy in World War I. His knowledge of and interest in the welfare of European workers placed him in an exceptional position to aid the war effort.
' He served on the Advisory Council jf National Defense and was instru- nental in organizing the first War La- bor Committee to develop labor pol- cies until a government-created body :ame into existence.
He was active on behalf of the AFL n developing labor policies and itandards and in seeing that labor was Droperly represented on war boards. \n effective speaker, he aided mate- •ially in the Liberty Loan drives.
But aiding in the war effort did not nark his only participation in inter- lational affairs. President Gompers lerved in 1895, 1909, and 1918 as fra- emal delegate from the AFL to the British Trades Union Congress and in .909 was unofficial representative at he International Secretariat. Ten 'ears later he served as AFL delegate
0 the International Federation of Trade Unions.
1 Always anxious to improve the wel- are of workers the world over, Presi- lent Gompers was active in founding
the Pan American Federation of La- bor in 1918 and was its president from its establishment until his death. Presidents Obergon and Calles of Mexico called Gompers Mexico's greatest and most intelligent friend during the period of revolution. Brit- ain's premier, Lloyd George, and France's Clemenceau hailed him as one of the Allies' greatest supporters.
Throughout his career Gompers wielded an effective pen. He felt that the broad educational work to be done for and with labor was a chal- lenge to his best efforts. In his full and busy life he wrote five books, more than two dozen pamphlets, and countless articles in magazines. He was editor of The American Federa- tionist from 1894 with the issuance of Volume I, until his death with Vol- ume 31 in 1924, with the exception of one year.
Gompers died as he lived, literally "in harness." He was returning from Mexico and had just been reelected AFL president and Pan American Federation of Labor president. He died in San Antonio, Texas, Decem- ber 13, 1924, and was buried five days later in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Tarrytown, New York.
DENHAM'S BIAS GLARES IN ATTACK ON NLRB
General Counsel Robert N. Denliam of the National Labor Relations Board cleared p a few tilings in a speech in New York City:
1. He admitted that the principles of the Taft-Hartley Act and the Wagner Act are |ls far aoart as the Doles.
2. He implied that only he was fit to interpret Taft-Hartley and that the members of lie National Labor Relations Board were wrong when they differed with him.
. 3. He urged employers to challenge any decision of the board where Denham was vemiled. In other words, Denham always supports management's interests.
Denham, whose pro-management bias has been apparent to trade unionists for some one, spoke at a meeting of the Building Trades Employers Association of New York City.
The trouble witli the NLRB, Denliam told employers, is that there are too many ersons in the organizations who are "saturated" witli Wagner Act principles. And tlie ouble with Denham is that he's "saturated" witli pro-management principles of Taft- lartley.
Denliam is the man, you remember, who told the National Farm union it had no rights nder Taft-Hartley, but that T-H could be used to break tlie union.
Denham's latest outburst emphasizes exactly where he stands.
Editorial
A Positive Approach Is Needed
Among the many actions taken by the Executh'e Council of the American Federation of Labor at its mid-winter meeting in Miami last month was a strong and emphatic veto of any move on the part of the United States gov- ernment to accord full diplomatic recognition to Spain under the totalitarian heel of Dictator Franco. As a basis for its position the AFL Council said:
"We are convinced tlmt the reasoning underlying the proposal to extend full recognition would inevitably lead our government from one fatal blunder to another. We cannot accept as a pre- mise that in the present explosive international situation—in which communist totalitarianism is the main danger of war— diplomatic recognition by the world's leading democracy has no moral implications whatsoever.
"On this basis our government could logically hasten to ex- tend such recognition to the communist usurpers who, with the aid of imperialist Russia, have overthrown the legally-constituted government of China which was the very first one to resist totali- tarian aggression.
"Nor can we agree tvith the contention that an American ambassador in iSIadrid could serve to hasten political and eco- nomic reform in Spain. ^ "On the contrary, such recognition only paves the way for
extensive financial aid to a despicable despotism now in the throes of a crisis, ichich, if not alleviated by outside aid, can lead only to its doom."
How much weight the AFL recommendations against recognition of Spain will carry is problematical. Recent history has pro\-ed that time after time organized labor has been on the right track in international matters, but time after time its advice has been ignored. In 1933 and 1934 organized labor was urging economic sanctions against Hitler but the government paid no heed. Instead it followed the dictates of industrialists who were investing money in the Nazi regime and building up the Frankenstein monster which cost us millions of dollars and many lives to destroy. A little later organized labor was protesting the shipment of oil and steel scrap to Japan, but again its ad\"ice was disregarded in favor of the advice of those who were making money out of dealing with the Japanese regime which poured death and destruction on Pearl Harbor a few years afterwards. Today the AFL advice on Spain is sound, but again there are those who see profits in dealing with Franco, and it is too much to expect that profits will cease influencing our foreign policy after all these years in which profits have been the paramount consideration.
THE CARPENTER 25
Somewhere in the Good Book it says it is impossible to defeat evil by con- sorting with evil. Certainly the last ten years should have proved this point. To combat the evil of Nazism we consorted with communism. As a result we vanquished one e\il only to find an equally sinister one sitting on our door- step. We moved from one blunder to another. Can we now, by reversing the process and consorting with Franco's evil fascism to combat the evil of com- munism, gain anything in the long run? The AFL Executive Council thinks not.
On this entire matter of combating communism, it would seem the time has arrived for the United States to take a good look at its hole card. Since the war, untold billions have been poured into all parts of the world.
Results to date are questionable at best. China has been lost to the Reds. In Itah' and France, anti-communist governments totter along riding out one crisis after another by the skin of their teeth. And right here at home over half a million citizens carry cards in the communist party, according to a recent release by the FBI. Somehow or other it seems the time is ripe for an o^'erhauling of our techniques.
First and foremost, this nation can no longer afford to ignore communism at home while spending billions to fight it abroad. So far the only concrete step that has been taken against communism has been the setting up of a non-communist aflfidavit for union officers. Communists can sit in Congress and tlie state legislatures, and in some instances we suspect they really do. Men who, if they are not, certainly act like communists hold high positions in many branches of government. No one asks employers whether or not they are communists at any time. Yet of all the forces that are aligned against communism, organized labor is the most effective. Paradoxically, it is the only segment of our population where a non-communist affidavit is required. If a non-communist affidavit is okay for union officers why not for legislators and employers and businessmen and teachers? Why not for doctors and law- yers and professional men?
Elsewhere in this issue is an article from an Indianapolis paper telling how the economic squeeze turns a loyal young American into a communist. Against that economic squeeze, organized labor is the one effective w^eapon. Em- ployer's groups and Chambers of Commerce think that the way to fight com- munism is to tell the people about how many more bathtubs the United States has than Russia. Organized labor thinks the way to fight communism is to help the guy without a tub get himself one. And therein lies the essential difference. Ours is the approach that will beat communism. The sooner all Americans see it the better.
No One Opposes True Economy
In politics there is no more sure-fire formula for building popularit)^ and winning votes tlian talking of tax reductions. No one likes to part with a chunk of his income for taxes; and it seems the bigger the income, the more true is this statement. With the budget for the next fiscal year now under con- sideration, a great hue and cry about economy in government and a reduction in taxes is reverberating through the halls of Congress. Opponents of all progressive legislation are using the budget hearings as a sounding board for
26 THE CARPENTER
voicing their opposition to social security legislation and housing legislation and all the other legislation that proposes to make life a little better for the working man. Economy and more economy is their battle cry on all liberal legislation and they fight every progressive measure on that basis.
With their avowed intention of cutting down taxes no one can disagree. Taxes are taking too high a percentage of the average man's income and any and all economies that can be effected should be instituted as soon as possible. But tax programs ought to be realistic. They ought to put first things first. This is where the "price-tag" Congressmen fall down badly. They ignore matters that concern the welfare of millions of people and deal lavishly with special projects that catch their fancy. What they actually do is use budget matters for political footballs to advance their own interests and the interests of their party.
These economizers particularly single out the federal government's "wel- fare" policies as evidence of extravagant spending. An analysis of the national budget will show that 75 cents out of every tax dollar is spent for defense, foreign aid, veterans' benefits and interest on the war debt. The welfare departments take a minute fraction of the total tax.
In 1948 some 10.2 billion of the federal taxes collected went out for wages and salaries. That admittedly is a lot of money. But 62 per cent of that total was paid to military and civilian employes of the armed forces, leaving 38 per cent, or less than 4 billion, for employes of all non-military agencies.
When you deduct the IVz billion paid to post office employes from this 4 billion, you have 2y2 billion left for the employes of all other civilian agencies including the welfare departments, leaving little room for economy.
Undoubtedly fairly substantial economies in the operation of our Federal Government can be instituted. The Hoover Commission has called attention to some ways and means that seem legitimate and advisable. Few will com- plain of economies that are justified.
One thing we have noticed particularly— the Congressmen who thump the tub loudest for less government spending hesitate the least when it comes to appropriating money for projects that will help their own constituents. They want economy in the government, but they want the other forty-seven states to do all the economizing. When their own constituents need a new flood control wall or a pest control program or some other project, the economy Congressmen are right in there pitching for money to undertake such pro- grams. Which is well and good because people need to be protected from floods and pest invasions. But the thing that ought to be remembered is that if the people of one state are entitled to such consideration, the citizens of the other forty-seven states ought to rightfully expect similar treatment. There is no economy in letting people anywhere get flooded out or eaten out by insects or otherwise ruined through preventable acts of nature.
Red tape, duplication, and overlapping authority are evils in the Federal Government that eat up tax money and should be eliminated. With the mili- tary usurping the biggest share of the budget, our defense plant, too, should be scrutinized closely for any possibilities of economy. But when it comes to protecting the people against the ravages of nature and the vicissitudes that result from our economic system, the welfare of the people must get prime consideration.
Bg sure your Local Union books a showing of these two United Brother- hood films —
THIS IS YOUR BROTHERHOOD
and
CARPENTERS HOME
£N3vj<:K:xx>i>;?s>iK>
Produced by authorization of the General Executive Board, these two films— in color and sound— show the General Office in action and the Lakeland Home taking care of old time members. There is no charge for the use of these films. They are loaned out by the General Office on a first come, first served basis, to Locals, Councils and Auxiliaries. If you haven't seen these films, urge your Local Union to book a showing as soon as possible. Take it up at the next meeting. Full details may be obtained by dropping a note to:
Maurice A. Hutcheson,
First General Vice-President,
Carpenters Bldg., 222 E. IMichigan St. Indianapolis 4, Indiana.
Official Information
General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS
of AMERICA
Gbnbbal Office : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
.Ghneral President
WM. L. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
First General Vice-President
M. A. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Acting Secretart
ALBERT E. FISCHER
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Second General Vice-President
JOHN R. STEVENSON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Treasurer
S. P. MEADOWS
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Executive Board First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, JR. Fifth District, R. E. ROBERTS
111 E. 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y. 3819 Cuming St., Omaha, Nebr.
Second District, O. WM. BLAIBB 933 E. Magee, Philadelphia 11, Pa.
Sixth District, A. W. MDIB Box 1168, Santa Barbara, Calif.
Third District, HARRY SCHWARZEB 1248 Walnut Ave., Cleveland, O.
Seventh District, ARTHUR MARTBL 3560 St. Lawrence, Montreal, Que., Can.
Fourth District, ROLAND ADAMS 712 West Palmetto St., Florence, S. C.
WM. L. HUTCHESON. Chairman ALBERT E. FISCHER, Acting Secretary
All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the Acting Secretary
NOTICE
\\^ithm the next few months the registration books in most states will be closed. Citizens who are not registered by the time the books are closed in their respective states will be unable to vote in the highly important national election scheduled for November. The November election will in large measure determine whether this nation will strive to build a way of life that can guarantee each citizen a maximum of security against unemployment, illness and the uncertainties of a penniless old age, or whether there shall be a return to the rugged individualism of tlie Hoover era. The voters will decide the issue at the ballot box.
E\'ery working man has a big stake in the outcome. Therefore every mem- ber of the United Brotherhood should be registered so that he can vote his convictions in November. Good intentions are fine, but ballots are the only things they count. The best intentions in the world cannot help a bit in electing the kind of a Congress that the working people of the nation want. You have to cast your ballot, and in order to do so, you must be in a position to vote by being registered. Register yourself and then urge the members of your family and your friends to do likewise.
21 tt 0ittntivxscxn
Not lost to those that love them, Not dead, just gone before;
They still live in our memory. And will forever more
%tBt in l^tutt
Th* Editor ham b«€n requested to publith the namee of the following Brothers who have passed away.
JOHN ABEL, L. U. 808, Brooklyn, N. Y. W. H. ARD, L. U. 626, Wilmington, Del. ARNOLD P. ASHER, L. U. 61, Kansas City,
Mo. HARRY G. BACON, L. U. 626, Wilmington,
Del. ALEXANDER BAIN, L. U. 1149, Oakland, Cal. FRANK BAIN, L. U. 162, San Mateo, Cal. SIDNEY J. BARTON, L. U. 1622, Hayward, Cal. HARRY W. (Dad) BLEAM, L. U. 1289, Seattle,
Wash. WM. BLOEDEL, L. U. 460, Wausau, Wis. M. BREAULT, L. U. 1360, Montreal, Que., Can.
D. L. BURK. L. U. 764, Shreveport, La.
J. W. COCHRAN, L. U. 61, Kansas City, Mo.
E. E. CROFT, L. U. 61, Kansas City, Mo.
C. J. CROWLEY, L. U. 61, Kansas City, Mo.
ROBERT M. DAVIDSON, L. U. 1622, Hayward, Cal.
FRANK J. EVASKA, L. U. 30, New London, Conn.
LUTHER A. EZZELL, L. U. 986, McAlester, Okla.
EDGAR W. FAULKNER, L. U. 626, Wilming- ton, Del.
FRANK FULTON, L. U. 1622, Hayward, Cal.
FRED GOUDY, L. U. 40, Boston, Mass.
EDWARD J. GRILLOT, L. U. 1206, Norwood, Ohio
JOE A. HAMILTON, L. U. 1622, Hayward, Cal.
B. F. HANNAH, L. U. 1278, Gainesville, Fla.
JOHN T. HELLEGERS, L. U. 490, Passaic, N. J.
GEORGE HEUSTON, L. U. 626, Wilmington, Del.
FRANK HILLIARD, L. U. 500, Butler, Pa.
JAMES A. HOWLETT, L. U. 33, Boston, Mass.
CHAS. M. HUGHES, L. U. 1335, Wilmington, Cal.
J. J. JACKSON, L. U. 764, Shreveport, La.
FRITZ J. JOHNSON, L. U. 40, Boston, Mass.
HAROLD W. JOHNSON, L. U. 298, Long Is- land, N. Y.
HYLAND B. JOHNSON, L. U. 1407, Wilming- ton, Cal.
ROBERT C. JOHNSON, L. U. 1622, Hayward, Cal.
WILLIAM H. KELLER, L. U. 379, Texarkana, Tex.
FRANCIS J. KENNEDY, L. U. 162, San Mateo, Cal.
CLEVA KNIGHT, L. U. 601, Henderson, Ky.
LEIBERT KNIGHT, L. U. 734, Kokomo, Ind.
WILLIAM KUHL, L. U. 1622, Hayward, Cal.
EDWIN JOHN KYLLONEN, L. U. 1335, Wilm- ington, Cal.
W. A. LAN WAY, L. U. 1622, Hayward, Cal.
DAVID LINDSAY, L. U. 162, San Mateo, CaL SETH T. LOCKRIDGE, L. U. 665, Amarillo,
Tex. FRANK LOCKWOOD, L. U. 210, Stamford,
Conn. JOHN MILES MACDONALD, L. U. 1149, Oak- land, Cal. WILLIAM J. MCDONALD, L. U. 33, Boston,
Mass. HENRY F. MARTIN, L. U. 1335, Wilmington,
Cal. LOUIS MILLER, L. U. 584, New Orleans, La. JOSEPH J. MITCHELL, L. U. 1407, Wilming- ton, Cal. OTTO MOOR, L. U. 1622, Hayward, Cal. HENRY VINCENT MYERS, Sr., L. U. 530, Los
Angeles, Cal. JOHN OLSON, L. U. 1397, Mineola, N. Y. JAMES L. ORMAN, L. U. 40, Boston, Mass. ALBERT PARK, L. U. 871, Battle Creek, Mich. JOSEPH S. PEREIRA, L. U. 1622, Hayward,
Cal. PETER M. PETERSON, L. U. 1622, Hayward,
Cal. ORVILLE DEAN POLAND, L. U. 746, Norwalk,
Conn. L. C. PRESTON, L. U. 1822, Ft. Worth, Tex. WILLARD S. RICHARDS, L. U. 626, Wilming- ton, Del. FAYE RICHARDSON, L. U. 770, Yakima,
Wash. JACK ROACH, L. U. 11, Cleveland, Ohio VICTOR SACRISON, L. U. 210, Stamford,
Conn. JAMES SCHOLEY, L. U. 1149, Oakland, Cal. WILLIAM J. SCHULER, L. U. 188, Yonkers,
N. Y. W. A. SEAY, L. U. 1278, Gainesville, Fla. JOHN SELDAT, L. U. 337, Detroit, Mich. W. J. SHELBY, L. U. 1822, Ft. Worth, Tex. H. RALPH STERN, L. U. 201, Wichita, Kans. EVERETT STOGSDILL, L. U. 133, Terre Haute,
Ind. ANDREW SZYMONIAK, L, U. 1757, Buffalo,
N. Y. VANDEL TAPLICSKY, L. U. 626, Wilmington,
Del. GEO. W. THACHER, L. U. 61, Kansas City,
Mo. JOSEPH VITALE, SR., L, U. 11, Cleveland,
Ohio JEROME WALLACE, L. U. 162, San Mateo,
Cal. EARL WARNER, L. U. 770, Yakima, Wash. JOHN W. WILLIS, L. U. 1622, Hayward, Cal. ALFRED ZIMMER, L. U. 808, Brooklyn, N. Y.
30 THECARPENTER
ANSWERS TO "THE LOCKER"
1. 13895. Durminger couldn't do better than that.
4. If done correctly your answer should consist of the chosen figure repeated several times and no other. This 37 business is too much for us,
5. Just in case you're curious or dubious:
Distance of earth from sun, 93,000,000 mis. Diam. of sun, 863,000 mis. Distance of earth from moon 238.000 mis. Diam. of moon 2200 mis.
Diam. of earth, 8000 mis.
All in round numbers. Now don't spoil a good thing by being technical. What's a couple of thousand miles among astronomers?
7. One fift>-. Three two's. Two one's. He kept the fift\-. His \\-i£e got two two's. His daughter a two and t^vo one's. 30.00-i-4.00-|-4.00= 38.00.
8. Ill 1/9 acres. Figured by guess and by golly: If one-tenth was sold, then nine-tenths remain. If this is one-tenth, ten times this is the whole or original figure. 11 1/9x10^ 111 1/9. Slow but sure.
Figured by proportion: 10x100 = 1000 = 111 1/9. Quicker and surer. ~90~ ~9~
Fair enough?
Start
LoUipops.
A. 14 days. 4 ft. gained each day. At the end of 13th day, 32 ft. gained. On the 14th day she chmbed 11 and so reached tlie top. What happened after that wouldn't affect the answer.
B. 18 inches. 6 measurements of the yardstick which should be 18 ft. only measures 16 ft. 6 inches. There is where the 18 inches is lost. Nothing was lost in the last measure- ment.
C. The oranges. 6 dozen doughnuts @ 24 cents a dozens SI. 44.
12 dozen oranges @ 20 cents a dozens S2.40.
D. ''a) 23. (b) 25. In problems of this land multiplication and division should be done first.
E. 1
2 That's one way.
34 56
7
100
In the December issue of The Locker it was stated that the highest denomination of bill printed was $10,000.00. Brother Fred Whyte of the Bronx questioned this. He claimed there was such a thing as a $100,000.00 bill. We checked wth the Bureau of Printing and Engra\"ing and we found out this: There is a $100,000.00 gold certificate printed with a likeness of Woodrow \Mlson on the face. These notes do not enter into general circulation. They are issued only to Federal Reser\-e banks for business transactions with the Treasurer of the United States. So thanks to Brother Whyte's alertness well all look oiu: money over more carefully in the future.
Brother Tarwater of San Francisco wants to know if there is any Roman date \\-i\h. more characters than one he saw in Xapa Valley. MDCCCLXXXVIII (1SS8). Have you seen an>-thing longer than that? If there is ever such a year as 1988 it probably would be uTitten: MDCCCCLXXX\TII, one more character. This looks more impressive than MCMLXXXVIII which is the same date.
CorrospondoncQ
This Journal Is Not Responsible for Views Expressed by Correspondents.
NEWARK FLOOR LAYERS SPONSOR FINE CELEBRATION
Essex House in Newark, New Jersey, saw one of the gayest events in its histor>' on the night of January 21st when several hundred members of Local Union No. 2212, together with their families and friends, gatliered together there to help the union celebrate its eleventh anniversary. Excellent food, fine entertainment and capable speaking combined to make the evening a great success.
Walter Sculthorpe, chainnan of the dinner committee, welcomed the guests and ex- tended to General Representative Raleigh Rajoppi the toastmastership of the evening. In
his usually capable manner he kept things moving at a brisk pace. *A large number of guests from New York and Philadelphia were on hand to help make the occasion a pleasant one. Special guest and featured speaker of tlie evening was O. William Blaier, General Executive Board member, whose assistance and advice have often helped the union o\er rough spots.
In a short address, James P. Patterson, business agent of the union, recalled that the floor layers were really organized in 192.5 but tliey floundered around in another organiza- tion for a number of years until Brother Blaier helped them obtain a charter from the United Brodierhood in 1939. From that time on the progress of the floor layers under Local Union 2212 has been steady and consistent. He thanked not only Brother Blaier and Rajoppi for their contributions to the progress of tl:ie union but also the business agents of unions in surrounding areas for their fine cooperation.
Following the dinner, dancing was enjoyed until a late hour.
(Standing, left to right) Jack Sweeney, business agent of New York; William Purcell, president, Essex D. C; Vincent J. Murphhy, president. State Federation; Richard O'Dris- coll, president, Philadelphia D. CC; Leo P. Carlin, Newark City Commissioner.
(Seated, left to right) M. J. Cantwell, sec- retary. New Jersey State Council; James P. Patterson, president, Local No. 2212; Raleigh Rajoppi, General Representative; O. Wm. Blaier, G. E. B. member and featured speaker; Walter Sculthorpe, dinner committee chairman.
LOCAL UNION 181 SHOWS BROTHERHOOD PICTURES
Officers of Local 181, of Chicago, Illinois, invited all members to a social gatliering and a showing of the Brotherhood film. About 400 attended and after seeing tlie lovely home and grounds at Lakeland, Florida, tlie brothers exclaimed they had no idea it was so spaci- ous and beautiful. The men living there are thankful that tliey can spend their last years in peace.
Brother Asgar Andrup gave a talk on tlie General Office and tlie Home and also pleaded to the members for voluntary contributions to defray the expenses of Labor's League for Political Education and explained how essential it is for all union men to defeat tlie Taft-Hartley Law.
After the showing of the films, the brothers retired down stairs where tliey were served refreshments. A good time was had by all.
LOCAL 980 GIVES KIDDIES XMAS TREAT
On December 16, Local 980 of Chicago, held a pre-Christmas party mth two Christ- mas trees and presents for a fine group of children, of whom tliere were about 65 present. Many ladies, wives of members and friends, were present. The crowd was too large for the meeting hall and it was necessary to use a larger hall upstairs.
THE CARPENTER
Some fine entertainment, music and singing, furnished mostly by members of the families of our Local members, and including many old-time Christmas songs, was heartily enjoyed by all. Plenty- of refreshments were sen-ed and the whole affair was a grand suc- cess. Brother E. C. Logerquist was chairman of the entertainment committee, and was assisted by brotliers Ray Lear\' and Ephraim Jensen.
The officers of the Local are: President Henrj' Kummers. Vice-President Oswald Larsen, Financial SecN" John Wahl. Recording Sec'v Tom Haves, Treasurer Lars Lindahl.
LOCAL No. 999 GR.\DUATES APPRENTICES
Left to right — Clarence W. Pearson present- ing Certificates of completion to graduating apprentices Lester Page, Roy Shifley, Glenn Duncan, Ralph Carlton, George Murphv and Carl White.
Graduating apprentice Eugene Hampton also received a Certificate but was unable to at- tend the ceremony due to the fact that he had Joined the Navy as a Carpenter and reported for active duty several weeks prior to the ceremony.
R. C. Hampton, Walter Jones and A. C. apprenticeship committee.
\\'inding up four years of work and study, seven young men of Mt. \"emon, Illinois, re- cently received their joume>"men certificates amid appropriate ceremonies. At a banquet held at the L. and N. Cafe, a large ntmiber of members of Local Union 999 and friends and guests saw tlie young men receive their certificates of proficiency and welcomed them into the indtistr}' as qualified joume>"n:ien.
Local Union No. 999, with the coopera- tion of local contractors, undertook to estab- lish a forward looking apprenticesliip program back in 1946, It took a good deal of time and effort, but the program was inaugurated and the ]0ume>"men who received their cer- tificates at the banquet on December 22nd were the first fruits borne by the program. Keele are union representatives on the joint
ATCHISON HONORS APPRENTICESHIP GIL\DUATES
On the night of February" 6th, four years of study and obser\"ation paid off for three young men of Atchison, Kansas, for on that evening they were handed Uriited Brotherhood jo\ime>TOen certificates at impressive ceremonies. The three were A\'. E. Langan, G. L. Gerardy and H. B. Gillen. Three other young mn— W. W. Wilson, H. W. Heintzelman and \V. Hundley were also eHgible to receive certificates but were not present. Jo>- C. Orr, president of Local Union No. 1980, made the presentations to the young men who success- fully completed their apprenticeship coiurses. On hand were a number of in%ited guests including A. L. Mathewson, St. Joe, apprenticeship representative of the Department of Labor, and several local contractors. .After the meeting a fine luncheon was sen"ed at Fedderson's \^"ith tlie Local Union acting as host.
MONTRE.\L LOCAL PAYS TRIBUTE TO A GREAT MEMBER
On January 12th, last, a delegation of officers of Local 134, accompanied by General Executive Board Member, .Arthur Martel, General Representative E. Larose and Montreal District Council Secretan.", L. Francoeur, waited upon Brother Edmond Berthiaume, mem- ber in good standing of Local lo4 of Montreal.
The purpose of their \"isit was to honor Brotlier Bertl"iiaume and present him \^ith a fift>--year golden jubilee button in recognition of his fift>- years of continuous membership in the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of .America.
The records show that Brother Edmond Berthiaume joined the Brotherhood on Decem- ber 19th, 1899. From the ver\' beginning Brother Berthiaume took an exceptionally active part in the affairs of tlie Brotherhood. He was a %"igorous and outspoken exponent of the principles, aims and aspirations our movement stands for.
In 1902 he was elected first business agent of local 134. From that time on Brother Berthiaimie occupied e\"erv- position of trust and honor that could be conferred upon him by the carpenters of Montreal.
The delegation, in presenting him with the 50-year membership button, conveyed to him the congratulations and good wishes of the Brotherhood and as a token of appreciation presented him with a purse as a memento of the occasion.
THE CARPENTER 33
MARINETTE HONORS TWO GREAT OLD TIMERS
At a January meeting, two charter members of Local Union No. 1246, Marinette ^^'isconsin, were honored for their more than forty-se\-en years of continuous participation and leadership in tlie union tliey helped so much to build.
Following the local's business meeting, Christ Christensen and Otto Carlson were pre- sented with gold wrist watches by President Cleveland Jensen. The pioneer union men were also guests of honor at a party.
Christensen, who is 83 years old, was initiated into tlie union August 20, 1902. He has served as president and secretary of the local and has been a member in good standing continuously since his initiation.
Pictured above at the party honoring the two great old timers of Local Union No. 1246 are (standing, left to right): Wm. Rogendroff, Conductor; Chas. Fifarek, Treasurer; Adolph Anderson, Trustee; L. P. Miller, Recording Secretary; P. Stalasen, Trustee.
(Second row): Cleveland Jensen, President; Wm. Haines, Vice-President; J. Schultz, Trustee; M. Rouse, Financial Secretary, and Clarence Carlson, Warden. Seated are Christ Christensen and Otto Carlson, honored guests.
Carlson is 67 years old and was initiated into the union September 18, 1902. He has sened three terms as president of the local and as trustee for 12 years. Also a member in good standing for 48 years, Carlson still takes an active part in union affairs.
Both old timers made short speeches recalling the old days when organized labor had to battle for every inch of progress it made. Brother Carlson led the group in prayer, and botli old timers sincerelv tlianked the union for the honors accorded them.
LOCAL 465 CELEBRATES 50TH MILESTONE
Away back in 1900 a small group of determined carpenters in the vicinity of Ardmore, Pennsylvania, a Philadelphia subiurb, decided that the only effective way of fighting the miserable wages and working conditions that prevailed at tlie time was to organize a union. They held a meeting and in a short time they received charter No. 465 from the United Brotherhood. On the night of January 5th of this year, a large throng of members of Local Union No. 465, in the company of their famihes and friends, gatliered togetlier at JMcCallisters to commemorate tlie fiftieth anniversary of the issuing of that charter.
It was a great evening. A fine turkey dinner with all the trimmings put e^'er>•body in a good humor. A number of really fine vaudeville acts added to the enjoyment of tlie occasion. And the three featured speakers— James J. McDevitt, president, Pennsylvania Federation; O. Wm. Blaier, G. E. B. member, and Lewis G. Hines, national AFL legisla- tive representative, completed the e\ening by not only congratulating tlie union on its fine record of progress but also by outlining the better world tliat lies ahead if tlie working people of the nation adliere to the time-honored principles first laid down by Sam Gompers. Thomas Keenan, president of tlie union, acted as toastmaster.
Local Union No. 465 boasts of some fifty members witli records of continuous member- sliip of thirty years or more; at least fi%'e of tlieni dating clear back to 1900. All who attended the celebration departed convinced tliat Local Union No. 465 is destined to pro- vide many more years of service to the carpenters of the area.
FORT MYERS AUXILIARY AIMS HIGH
Greetings to all sister Auxiliaries from Auxiliary 559, Fort Myers, Florida.
We organized and received our charter November 18, 1949. At this time we have tvi^enty active members.
Our roster of officers is as foUov^^s: President, Mrs. M. W. Brovi^n; Vice President, Mrs. E. E. Waldron; Financial Secretary, Recording Secretary and Treasurer, Mrs. R. O. Burchard; Conductor and Warden, Mrs. Alfred Nutgrass; Trustees, Mrs. G. H. Sheffield, Mrs. F. E. Baumgardt, and Miss Jo Sherry Baumgardt.
Our regular meetings are held on the second and fourth Friday of each month in the hall of Carpenters' Local 2261.
On December 23, we entertained tlie Carpenters' Local with a Christmas Party at the home of our president, Mrs. Brown. We were entertained by an impromptu program of songs and dances by our children. Carols were sung by all. Refreshments of coke and coffee or punch were served with gifts and candy for the children. We had a wonderful time.
As we enter into the New Year, we have hopes of increasing ovir membership in a substantial way, and accomplishing much in a social way to establish a feeling of unity and good will within our Auxiliary and Local. We would be glad to hear from other Auxiliaries at any time.
Fraternally,
Mrs. R. O. Biurchard, Secretary.
BEATRICE AUXILIARY BUILDS GOOD WILL
The Editor:
Greetings from Ladies' Auxiliary No. 531 of Beatrice, Nebraska.
We^had a nice Christmas party on December 20 in our Union Hall. The committee prepared a delicious dinner which was served cafeteria style. The tables were prettily dec- orated with red candles, pine cones, Christmas bells and greenery. A small lighted tree was set up near the gift table with gifts for all and treats for the children. The party was a big success and we feel tliese social gatherings promote friendship and goodwill.
Fraternally,
Mrs. K. D. Ulrich, Recording Secretary
It
of
CHICAGO AUXILL\RY ROUNDS OUT SECOND DECADE
The Editor:
Greetings to all Sister Auxiliaries from Auxiliary No. 249, of Chicago, 111.
On March 4, 1950, our brothers of Local 504 will celebrate their 50th anniversary. will also be the 20th anniversary of our Auxiliary.
We are very proud of die fact that we are the only Auxiliary in our great city Chicago.
We were organized at tlie height of the depression. At that time, we devoted ourselves to work and we helped Local 504 raise funds. When times were better, we contributed to all important drives such as the Community Chest, Red Cross, March of Dimes and many other worthy causes.
We have socials, some of which are combined with Local 504.
Our members are very friendly and we are like one great big family.
We would enjoy hearing from other Auxiliaries.
Fraternally, Frieda Greenfield, Past President, Publicity Chairman
THECARPENTER 35
WILLOWS LADIES WINDING UP ACTIVE YEAR
The Editor:
Hello to all our Sister Auxiliaries from Auxiliary No. 537, \\'illo\vs, Calif.
We are just a small group, not yet a year old, but we are planning for more members as time goes by.
We meet the first and third Tuesday of each month, serving refreshments once each month.
In September, we had a picnic; in No\'ember we lield a Thanksgiving dinner that was well attended by the carpenters, their wives and children. At Christmas, we had refresh- ments and an exchange of gifts.
We have earned money from selling chances, holding white elephant auctions and grab bags. We plan now to make dish towels to be auctioned off and plan later on making a few quilts.
We would like to hear from otlier sister Auxiliaries to exchange letters and ideas.
Fraternall>\
Ina Cossins, Recording Secretary
SAN JOSE AUXILL\RY COMPLETING 20TH YEAR
The Editor:
Greetings to all Sister Auxiliaries from Auxiliary No. 244 of San Jose, Calif.
We are 42 in membership and in June we will celebrate our 21st Anniversary.
On the second Tuesday of each month, we meet in the Labor Temple. Refreshments are sened after the business meeting.
To increase our treasury, we have a card party once a month. All members who attend have a wonderful time.
^^'e have an annual picnic, usually in July or August, and tliroughout tlie year, pot luck dinners and a dance.
In September, 1949. we went to Santa Cruz and installed the officers of new Auxiliary No. 532. Brother Neilsen, President of Local No. 829, Santa Cruz, had already organized the group and had worked \-er>' hard getting it started so our work was easy. All of us who went to Santa Cruz \^"ill long remember the genial hospitality extended vs by Brother Neilsen and the Auxiliary.
We enjoyed another such occasion recenth- when we went to Mountain View and helped another new AuxiUars', No. 554, get started.
We read "The Carpenter" and enjoy it ver>' much as it helps us keep up to date on what otlier Auxiliaries are doing.
Fraternally,
Patricia M. Gale, Recording Secretar>' •
TEX.\S CITY AUXILL\RY OFF TO GOOD START
The Editor:
Greetings to all from Auxiliary No. 558 of Texas City, Texas.
We organized October 25, 1949. We have 28 members and we in\-ite all wnves, mothers, sisters and daughters of Carpenters' Local 973 to join us as members.
The first Monday night of the month is our regular business meeting and tlie tliird Monday night is our social meeting. At tlie present time, we are meeting in the Carpenters' Hall. The men of Local 973 are planning in tlie near future to remodel tlie extra half of their building for oiu" meeting place which we appreciate ver>' much.
Officers installed were: President, Mrs. G. L. Strong; \'ice-President, Mrs. E. R. Hardman; Recording Secretary-, Mrs. C. E. Hughes; Financial Secretar>-, Mrs. R. L. Scott; Conductor, Mrs. C. L. Crawford; Warden, Mrs. J. D. White; Trustees, Mrs. H. E. ^^'ood- house, Mrs. P. L. Bottoms and Mrs. L. L. Lanciiault; Reporter, Mrs. A. T. Ralm.
^\'e want to say "Thanks" to Mrs. O. S. Howe of AuxiUary No. 413, Gaheston; Mrs. Joe \Mniams of Auxiliary- No. 8, Houston, and Miss Alma Lee Griffin of Auxiliarv' No. 511, Austin, for tlie wonderful help tliey have been to us in organizing tliis AuxiHan.'.
We'd like to see this letter in "The Carpenter" and also hear from otlier Sister Aux- iliaries,
Fraternally,
Mrs. C. E. Hughes, Recording Secretary
Craft ProblQms
Carpentry
By H. H. Siegele LESSON 258 The Use of Diagram, Practical.— In fram- ing any irregular roof, the use of a diagram is recommended. Such a diagram should be drawn to some convenient scale. Per- haps the most practical scale is the one in
Fig. 1
these lessons, in which 1 inch on the square equals 1 foot in the diagram. But it should not be presumed that this is the only prac- tical scale that can be used. If the roof is rather large, then a smaller scale is more convenient, and for that reason more prac- tical. If the roof is small a conventient larger scale might prove to be more prac- tical than the one suggested here.
Fig. 2
Rule For Framing Hips, VaUeys, and Jacks.— If tlie use of the tangent is clearly understood, as it is used in roof framing,
then any hip roof, regular, irregular plan, and irregular pitch, can be framed by the
and „ ,
following rule:
The diagonal distance of the two full rims that intersect at the hip or valley, is
Fig. 3
the run of the hip or valley, whichever it might be. The edge bevel of any hip, valley, or jack is obtained by taking the tan- gent on one arm of the square, and the rafter length on the other, the latter giving the bevel. The run and the rise of any rafter taken on the square, will give the level and plimib cuts.
Fig. 4
The VaUey Run.— Fig. 1 shows the square apphed to a diagram of a roof, which has tvvo irregular valleys, for obtaining the run of the valleys. Here the run of the main roof is 12 feet, and the run of the second- ary roof is 7 feet. The diagonal distance of these tvvo runs, as shown on the dia- gram, is the run of the valleys.
THE CARPENTER
37
H. H. SIEGELE'S BOOKS
QUICK CONSTRUCTION.— Covers hundreds of Drac- tlcal building problems, has 256 p. and 686 il. $2.50
BUILDING.— Has 220 p. and 531 11.. covering form building, garages, finishing, stair building, etc. $2.50.
ROOF FRAMING.— 175 p. and 437 il. Roof framing complete. Other problems, Including saw filing. $2.50.
CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.— Has 159 p., 426 11., covering concrete work, form building, screeds, rein- forcing, scaffolding, other temporary construction. $2.50
CARPENTRY. — Has 302 p., 754 il.. covering general house carpentry, estimating and other subjects. $2.50.
BUILDING TRADES DICTIONARY.— Has 380 p., 670 11.. and about 7,000 building trade terms. $3.00.
Tou can't go wrong if you buy this whole set.
THE FIRST LEAVES.— Poetry. Only $1.00.
TWIGS OF THOUGHT.— Poetry. Only $1.00.
FREE. — With 3 books, one poetry book free, with 5 books, two, and with 6 books, three. (With less than 3 books, one of the poetry books for only 50 cents.)
Books autographed. Five-day Money-back guarantae.
Postpaid only when full amount comes with order. Order U U CIFAFIF 222 So. Const. St. today. ■■■ ■■■ 3»t*aEi*.Ei Emporia, Kansas QUANTITIES— 12 or more books 20% ofT, f.o.b. Chicago
Edge Bevels for Valley Rafters.— Fig. 2
shows the square applied to the valley run for getting the points to be used on the square for marking the edge bevel that will fit the ridge of the secondary roof. The sides of the triangle, c-d, d-a, and a-c, rep- resent respectively, the run, the rise, and the rafter length of the valley, shown as if it were lying on the side. The dotted part-circle from a to b, shows how the rafter length has been transferred from c-a, to c-b. The tangent, as shown, is the right- angle distance from the toe of the valley rafter to the center of the secondary roof. Now the tangent and the rafter length, as shov/n, will give the edge bevel of the
ri-i
Fig. 5
valley rafter that will fit the ridge of the secondar>' roof— the rafter length giving the bevel.
The bevel to fit the ridge of the main roof is obtained as shown by the diagram in Fig. 3. Here the valley rafter is on the side, as shown in Fig. 2. The shaded bevel
at point a, is the bevel for the plumb cut of the valley. The rafter lengtli has been transferred, as explained in the other dia- gram, and as shown here by the dotted part-circle, between a and b. To get the edge bevel, take the tangent and the rafter length on the square— the latter will gi\e the bevel. As seen, the square is not large enough to take the tangent and the rafter length, so these must be reduced. A good way to do tliis is shown by Fig. 4. Here the shaded square is pushed to the right
Fig. 6
on the tangent until 12 on the tongue comes to the point of the triangle, as shown. Then 12 inches on the tongue represents the re- duced tangent, and the distance from the heel of the square to point X represents the rafter length. The same results can be obtained by pushing the square up on the valley run, as shown by the dotted-line
Fig. 7
square, until 12 on the tongue intersects the diagonal line, as shown. Then 12 on the tongue and point X on the blade will give the edge bevel— the blade giving the bevel. The rafter length and tlie tangent can also be reduced, as mentioned a num- ber of times in previous lessons, by di\'iding both distances by 2.
Edge Bevels of a Valley.— Fig. 5 shows two applications of the square for marking the edge bevels for a valley rafter. Here die application numbered 2, is the same as the one found in Fig. 2, while tlie one numbered 4, is the same as eitlier of the two applications shown in Fig. 4. Study the three drawings. The part of tlie main
38
THE CARPENTER
drawing, Fig. 5, marked A and B, are shown to the right in two parts, again marked A and B. At the bottom of A, the cut shows what it would be hke in case the rafter were a hip straddhng the corner of a deck, while the upper part of B shows the cut of a valley rafter that is to fit into an angle of tvvo ridges, as shown in Fig. 3. The dot-
Fig. 8
ted lines respectively indicate the comer of a deck and an angle of two ridges.
Edge Bevels of Jacks.— Fig. 6 shows the square in position for obtaining the points to be used for marking the edge bevel of the valley Jacks of the main roof. Here the
Fig. 9
common rafter is shown as if it were on its side. The rafter length, c-a as shown by the dotted part-circle, has been trans- ferred to c-b. Now the tangent and the rafter length will give the edge bevel of the jacks. The application of the square to the rafter material is shown by Fig. 7 —the blade giving the bevel.
How to get the points for marking the edge bevel of the jack rafters of the second- ary roof is shown by Fig. 8. Here again, the rafter length, c-a is transferred to c-b, as indicated by the dotted part-circle. Now the tangent and the rafter length will give the edge bevel— the rafter length giving the bevel. Fig. 9 shows the square applied to the rafter material— the blade giving the bevel.
WANTS TO KNOW
By H. H. Siegele
A reader wants to know how to lay win- dow plans, and also the roofs.
The simplest bay window is the one called
the octagon bay window— that is to say, the angles are the same as the angles of a true octagon. Fig. 1, at the top, shows a plan of
'^{{T
10
That extra length you've always wanted. ..120 inches of accu- rate, more useful measuring ease. Jet black markings on a wear-resistant, acid-resistant snow white blade. Carlson quality throughout with famous 1 0-second blade change economy and the new convenient swing-tip . . .a real value at YOUR HARD- WARE DEALER. Just be sure It's the White Chief by Cor/son. P.S. And don't forget to get an extra blade as a "spare." Blade produced under Pat. No. 2089209
Carlson Steel Tape Rules
CARLSON & SULLIVAN, INC.
MONROVIA, CALIFORNIA g.y,vn,^.].'»
UNION MADE
SCREW HOLDING SCREWDRIVER
EASY to get in hard places, no more dropping. AMBER handle insulated;
8" long, Vi" bit; will hold 15-lb. TENSION. No prongs or clamps. Simply
push in screw slot and pull out to release. Guaranteed for normal use.
SEND $2.00 POSTPAID
HENDRIX TOOL SPECIALTY
p. O. Box 6846
Kansas City, Mo.
THE CARPENTER
39
an octagon bay window with 2x4 plates in place. The degrees of two angles are shown on the drawing. The butt joints are made on a 45-degree angle, or by using 12 and
Fig. 2
12 on the square. The miter joints are made by using 12 and 4.97. Sometimes 12 and 5 is used, which is nearly enough correct for most practical purposes. The bottom draw- ing shows the roof plan, a sort of diagram. To the right is shown how to frame the jack rafters. Here a rafter is shown on the side, in which A-B is the rafter, B-C the run, and C-A the rise. The rafter length is transferred with compass from B-A to B-D, as shown by the dotted part-circle. Now the rafter length and the tangent taken
RUS ■ Rl V E RUST REMOVER
Every carpenter should carry a tube of RUSTRIVE in his tool box.
RUSTRIVE cleans the rust from any Metal surface. It protects and prolongs ■ tlie life of the Carpenter's valuable tools. Rustrive is a paste and is not injurious to skin. Order your tube TODAY !
$1.00 Per tube Post Paid in U.S.A.
LOMAYNE CHEMICAL CO.
I Box 242
WOODSTOCK, ILL.
EVERY CARPENTER NEEDS AN
ACE KUTTER
CUTS — NOTCHES — PUNCHES all sizes of Asbestos Siding and Shingles. All Steel— Lightweight— Easy to operate — Lasts a lifetime.
$-4.05 each
In lots of 6 or more: $4.15 each. All prices f.o.b factory, Ft.
Worth, Texas.
Send only $1.00 for each Reduced from $11.95
cutter and pay balance Guaranteed against defec- C. O. D. or send check or live materials and work- money order In full. manship. Address all inquiries to ROA\TLANDS MPG. & SA1.ES CO. 712 Broadus St. Ft. Worth 10, Texas
on the square, will give the edge bevel that fits against the side of the main building— the rafter giving the bevel. The run and the rise, of course, give the pluml^ and level cuts.
Fig. 2 shows how to get the edge bevel for the hip rafter, which is shown on the side. Here B-C is the run, C-A the rise, and A-B the rafter. The rafter is again trans- ferred from B-A to B-D, as indicated by tlie dotted part-circle. Now the rafter length and the tangent gives the edge bevel-the rafter length gives the bevel.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3, top, shows a plan of a he.xagon bay window, with the 2x4 plates in place. The degrees of two angles are given on the drawing. To mark both the butt and the miter joints use 12 and 6.93. Sometimes 12 and 7 is used for rough work. The bot- tom drawing shows a plan of the roof, which is framed on the same principle used for the octagon roof. Remember tliat in roof fram- ing problems it is necessary to do reading between the lines.
You Need an
EMPIRE for
Top-Levef Craftsmanship!
EMPIRE stands for extreme accuracy wherever good levels are used — and that's why craftsmen by the thousands consider it their first and only level. When you use Model 151, illustrated, you'll know the advantages of inter- changeable vials, accurate adjustments for pitch work, precision machined edges and easily read marks. Have your dealer show you Model 151 and other EMPIRE Levels, or write for details.
IMPIRI |p^i?Il
Accuracy
EMPIRE LEVEL MFG. COMPANY
Box 97. Dept. 715.
Mllwaukea l3,Wi«.
The oMu 6-iiKh JOINTER
• Vs -inch Rabbeting Capacity with * 60 X 8-inch Table
• 37 X 4-inch Tilting, Swiveling Fence
H&A FIRST
New H&A HeavY'DutY 6"J0INnR
'^'^%^ \
H & A Waatf Shaper \
/i-*^
H 8i A Model 5860 will do your dressing work faster and better than any tool of its kind ever developed. Its 60-inch table handles extra-long stock easily.. Its 37-inch fence tilts to 45 degrees for edging, swivels to 7 degrees for shear cutting of grainy woods. Safer, too, — with all moving parts metal sheathed and guard that moves over cutter as fence slides forward. This new H SC A Jointer now performs operations which formerly required larger, more expensive machines.
Write at once for literature, prices and name of nearest dealer.
H & A t4-fitck Band Sow
H £• A 94fKb T.fi«j>g Arbor Saw
HESTON & ANDERSON
607 W. Kirkwood Street Fairfield, Iowa
HOW TO CUT RAFTERS
(t*s new . . . NOW
^ew vest pocket books gives lengths, side cuts, plumb | ;uts, deductions, tor all ratters any building trom one neli to forty teet wide. Gives numbers to cut on ^ iquare. All standard pitches from li" to 12 up to 17J i ind 12 rise. Any one can frame a roof with this great look. Just open book to your pitch page and there in )lain print is your lengtlis cuts and deductions for any litched roof. Also gives how to figure elevations. How 0 figure lumber. How to lay out window and door | ipenings. Written by Harry (Dad) Bleam and It's landy. Price only $2.00 each.
STRINGER LAYOUTS.
BOOK OF CENTURY:
Its a simplified stair builders manual; Its a lay out book or carpenters that want a simple way to lay out stair car- -iages and stringers. Just plain talk with illustrations that I worker can understand. Xo trigonometry, obtuse angles or )ther high fluting talk. Not written for a stair builder, but -ather for the man who has little time to throw up a stair •arriage and trot along with his other work, simple, con- ise, and practical. THE BEST FOR THE MONET. 72 lages, size 4% x 6% inches. Its a dandy says everyone that las It. Price $2.00. This is another of "Dad Bleam's Jooks."
CARPENTRY ESTIMATING f you are an apprentice estimator you will want this man- ial on carpentry estimating by "Dad Bleam." Is just the .IcCoy for the person starting out to do estimating work, lives costs in carpenter hours. Gives simple and easy to inderstand carpentry mathematics. Plenty of charts and a well value, you will like this one if you want to learn, 'rice $2.00
STEP BY STEP HOUSE FRAMING DETAILS
>tep by step house framing details is another of the 'Dad Bleam manuals." It's crammed full of house fram- ng Illustrations, from the laying out of the foundation to op of roof. Price $2.00
Vrite
I BUILDERS' TOPICS
512 Market St. Seattle 7, Wa«h.
lOTICE— ALL THE ABOVE FOUR MANUALS WILL iE SENT TO ANY ADDRESS AT SPECIAL PRICE OF 4.00 YOU SAVE $4.00.
THE BEST CRAFTSMEN ALWAYS TAKE PAINE'S
PAINE ''Sudden Depth" DRILL BITS
EJECTS DUST AUTOMATICALLY
•
REDUCES DRILLING TIME
•
PLACE THE ANCHOR WITHOUT CLEANING HOLE • NO INCREASE IN PRICES
1 Paine "Sudden Depth" Drill Bits
Hth automatic dust ejectors are available [i round shank styles from M" to 1", inclu- 've. Get these new drills from your sup- plier today or write for full information.
THE PAINE COMPANY
167 Carroll Ave.
Chicago 12, ill.
CARPENTERS HANDBOOK
consists of short but practical rules for laying out roofs, ceil- ings, hoppers, stairs and arches with tables of board measure, length of common, hip, valley and jack rafters, square meas- ure, etc. — also, rules for kerf- ing, laying off gambrel roof and explaining the steel square. Money back if not satisfied
$1.00 postpaid
D. A. ROGERS
5344 Clinton Ave. Minneapolis 9. Minn.
BUY A "LEADER" CHROME- CLAD STEEL TAPE FOR HOME-FARM-FACTORY!
Easy to Read Markings That Are Durable ► '
Everybody . . . mechanic, hobbyist, or plain man-about-the-house . . . needs a new Lufkin "Leader" Steel Tape for meas- uring where accuracy is essential ! Here's why the "Leader" is a "best buy":
• Satin Chrome-Clad non-glare finish.
• Black markings contrast against chrome- white.
• Guaranteed not to crack, chip, or peel.
• Steel tape line kink and wear resistant.
• Sturdy steel case — handsomely covered.
• Resists both rust and corrosion.
SEE IT . . . BUY IT -THE LUFKIN "LEADER"!
^cof fUFKIN
THE LUFKIN RULE CO. • TAPES • RULES . PRECISION TOOLS SAGINAW, MICHIGAN • HEW YORK CITY • BARRIE, ONTARIO
Full Length Roof Framer
A pocket size book with the EN- TIRE length of Common-Hip-Valley and Jack rafters completely worked out for you. The flattest pitch is V2 inch rise to 12 inch run. Pitches in- crease % inch rise each time until the steep pitch of 24" rise to 12" run is reached.
There are 2400 widths of build- ings for each pitch. The smallest width is 1/4 inch and they increase 1/4" each time until they cover a 50 foot building.
There are 2400 Commons and 2400 Hip, Valley & Jack lengths for each pitch. 230,400 rafter lengths for 48 pitches.
A hip roof is 48'-9i/4" wide. Pitch is IVz" rise to 12" run. You can pick out the length of Commons, Hips and Jacks jjj Qj^j, MINUTE Let us prove it, or return your money.
Getting the lengths of rafters by the span and the method of setting up the tables Is fully pro- tected by the 1917 & 1944 Copyrights.
Price $2.50 Postpaid. If C. O. D. pay <2.85.
Californians Add 8c. Money back privilege.
Canadians use Money Orders.
A. RIECHERS
p. O. Box 405
Palo Alto, Calif.
y^n^
me U^^Mv
PATENTS APPLIED FOR
If you want the very last word in performance, you'll get it in Millers Falls new No. 709 Smooth and No. 714 Jack Planes. They ore loaded with new features — better balance . . ..more positive clamping . . . easier adjustments . , . unbreakable handles . . . roomier, surer grip . . . finer per- formance in every way. See them, try them, buy them at your hardware dealer's today.
MILLERS FALLS TOOLS A
MILLERS FALLS COMPANY
GREENFIELD MASS.
Co«*^
New Model 87L 3" Capacity
$7095
73
with shoe attachment
A Powerful Heavy Duty Sow. Weight only 12 lbs. Available v^ith Right or Left Blade.
A tremendous value Tor the money. Cuts everything from wood to steel. Capacity on straight cuts 11/16" to 3"; on 45 degree bevel cuts up to I-II/I6 inches. Choice of right or left blade, 1 15V or 230V AC-DC motor. Price without bevel shoe $66.45. Other Mall Saws with 2, 21/4, 2%. 3%, 4'/2-inch capacities. 32 Factory Owned Service Stations from Coast to Coast give quick, dependable repair service. Over 1000 Port- able Gasoline Engine, Electric, and Pneumatic Mall Power Tools for a million jobs. A dealer in any town can supply you.
See yoor Hardware Dealer TODAY or write for FREE catalog "Mall Portable Power Tools."
MALL TOOL COMPANY
7751 South Chicago Ave. • Chicago 19, ILL.
BRUCE
Hardwood Flooring
BLOCK • PLANK • STRIP
New-Butt Mortise Plane
"Made by a Carpenter for Carpenter's'
• Hang Doors Quicker and Better
• Uniform Depth
Cuts Clean and Even
• Also for Lock Fi-onts, Striking Plates Etc.
• Easy To Use
SIMPLE TO OPERATE- HERE'S HOW
1. Use Chisel as Shown in Illustration.
2. Set Butt Mortise Plane blade for depth by holding plane bottom side up and placing hinge in front of blade.
3. Push Blade Through ITntil Flush with Hinge, tighten thumbscrew. (If door has bevel, set hinge a trifle deeper.)
4. Plane out remainder of wood in both directions by reversing plane. Repeat operation on jamb.
Over all Size 95/8"-Blade 13/16" Cash with Order, $4.15 Prepaid. If C. 0. D., postage extra.
WILBERT DOKMEYER
Rte. 1, Box 155, Crete, Illinois
LEARN TO ESTIMATE
If you are ambitious to have your own busi- ness and be your own boss the "Tamblyn System" Home Study Course in Estimating will start you on your way.
If you are an experienced carpenter and have had a fair schooling in reading, writing and arithmetic you can master our System in a short period of your spare time. The first lesson begins with excavations and step by step instructs you how to figure the cost of complete buildings just as you would do it in a contractor's office.
By the use of this System of Estimating you avail yourself of the benefits and guidance of the author's 40 years of practical experience reduced to the language you understand. You will never find a more opportune time to establish yourself in business than now.
Study the course for ten days absolutely free. If you decide you don't want to keep it, just return it. Otherwise send us $8.75 and pay the balance of $30.00 at $7.50 per month, making a total of $38.75 for the com- plete course. On request we will send you plans, specifications, estimate sheets, a copy of the Building Labor Calculator, and com- I plete instructions. What we say about this course is not important, but what you find it to be after you examine it is the only thing that matters. You be the judge; your deci- sion is final.
Write your name and address clearly Bnd give your age, and trade experience.
TAMBLYN SYSTEM
1115 So. Pearl St., C-39, Denver 10, Colo.
ROYAL EAGLE
-^A-
/'/'.
ONLY i'^'TAx
EftGLE RUIES/ A^ HfiVE * ^^
precision made for precise measurement. Ex+ra strong for exfra wear. Made of fin^sf hard maple
8IV£TE0 STRIKE-PiATE JOINTS
.^. MFG. CORP.
^^^^^/' NEW YORK 59. N.Y.
JIAKE MONEY
f^^ Sharpening Mowers
"Paid For My Foley in 2i Weeks"
"I have had my Foley Lawn Mower Sharpener about 2J weeks and have made back every cent I put into it — more too," writes Elmer W. Aldrlch. "Looks like it is going to be more than just a side line." You can build up a steady, repeat cash business at home, in your spare time. The Foley sharpens 3 or 4 mowers an hour, (with handles on) and your profit is 99c on the dol- lar. Your investment is only $98.50 to $139.50 — easy payments if desired. FREE BOOK— "How to Sharpen Pow- er Mowers" shows just how to sharpen any make of power lawn mower with the Foley. Mail coupon todaj' — we'll a-lso send FREE PLAN telling how to start your own business without previ- ous experience. No salesman will call.
Send Coupon Today
FOLEY LAWN MOWER SHARPENER
1 Foley Mfg. Co., 301-0 Foley BIdg., Minneapolis 18, Minn. I Send FREE BOOK "How to Sharpen Power Mowers," I and FREE PLAN on lawn mower business.
u
\AME
ADDRESS
Comes With Leatherette case
^ HANG THAT DOOR THE PROFESSIONAL WAY!
Makes a clean-cut, deeply-etched profile on door. BemoTe chips. Repeat operation on jamb. Hang door! No adjustments. No fussing. Precision made. Drop-forged, heat-treated steel. Comes in 3", 3i" and 4" (Std) sizes.
ONLY $1.75 ea. — $3.50 a pair (any two) — $5.25 complete set of three. If dealer can't supply, send only $1.00 -with order and pay postman balance plus post- age C. O. D. In Canada, .25c higher per order. No C. O. D. State sizes wanted.
E-Z MARK TOOLS, Box 8377 Dept. C, Los Angeles 16, Cil.
USERS PRAISE HIGHLY
"Really a help for the 'old hands' and almost a 'must' for the new boys."
S. H. Glover Cincinnati, Ohio
"The greatest help In
hanging doors I have ever seen."
J. Allen Charles
Mullins, S. C.
or more
ELIASON STAIR GAUGE
1. Measures tread or riser
(above)
2. Marks board for perfect fit the first time (right)
Dealers and Agents Wanfed
ELIASON TOOL COMPAN
SAVE A DAY
on Every Staircase You Build
ELIASON STAIR GAUGE in 10 seconds gives you both correct length and angle of stair treads, risers, closet shelves, etc.. ready to mark board. Each end piv- ots and locks at any length or angle. Adjustable from 20" up. Saves a day or more, increases your profits $20 or more on each staircase. Fully guaranteed. Only $12.95 cash ■with order, or C. O.D. plus postage. Order Today, or send for circular.
2121 E. 56lh St., MINNEAPOLIS 17, MINN.
^%*^ DANDEE REELS
FOR ALL BUILDING TRADES
OTHER
PRODUaS
\r
\'. Plamb«rs' oad Tiuers' Foniaces...Grta Torcbes ...Fsnra Torches,., lazor llode Scrapers
No. 41 Reel and Plumb Bob. Use this new tool for a plumb line, mason line or chalk line. It has a spring bracket attached for the plumb bob when it is not in use. Anti-backlash, easy to add chalk. Nickle plated steel case and chrome plated bob contains 100 ft. of No. 18 yellow mason line.
No. 44 Chalk Line Reel. 50
ft. of line is always chalked when drawn from the reel. Made so that the Hne cannot snarl or tangle within the case. ChaBc lasts a year of ordinary use; can easily be reordered and reloaded.
No. 44
tl
CEDARBERG MANUFACTURING CO., 561 So. 4th St.. Minneapolis 15.
Enrlosed find $ for the following shipped pospaid:
n No. 41 Beel (100 Ft.) @ $2.50 □ No. 44 Reel (50 Ft.) @ $1-00
□ No. 43 Beel (100 Ft.) Similar to No. 44 @ $1.25
Red, \\'hite. Blue and Dark Blue Chalk in 2 oz. ConUinere @ 15c. Color:
Print Address :
STAIR GAGES
(Angle Gages)
The handiest little devices you ever had in your tool box. Easily carried in the pocket. Used on square for laying out angle cuts on rafters, stair stringers, etc. H" hexagon brass with plated steel screw. Rust proof and will last a lifetime. Order today! VVt. 4 oz. pr. Money back if not satisfied
$1.00 Postpaid
WELLIVER & SONS P. O. Box 278C Roekford, Illinois
SAVE TIME! SAVE MONEY! with
TRIP-HAMMER
Saw -Set
FOOT TREADLE OPERATED
• LIGHT WEIGHT
• TOOL BOX SIZE
• SETS UP EASILT
• MONEY BACK GUARANTEE
Set saws faster. NO CRAMPED HANDS.
Every tooth set uniformly. Handles 5 to 12 point hand saws, 3" to 10" circular saws, Two man cross cut saws.
Send Check, Money Order or Postal Note.
ARDEE TOOL CO. r^c®; ^l^t station, ohio
4/ieH^/Vz Lighter than A// tAluminum ^ ' —
Unbreakable Frame of lExtruded Magnesium AlloyI
j Here's the newest — most sensational level ever lesigned! The new Scharf Magnelite Level is ighter weight— it's made of Magnesiums-one of he toughest yet lightest metals in existence, t's a masterpiece of accuracy — absolutely true, traight and parallel. Has large hand-holda .... asier to handle. Beautifully designed^grace- uUy streamlined. Greatest level ever built!
NEWEST TYPE VIAL UNITS ARE ADJUSTABLE AND REPLACEABLE
Vials are cemented into die cast Magnesium holder— held absolute- ly rigid. Finest glass windows. Vial units attached with sere ws— easily loosened for adjustment or replacement.
Get Your Scharf Mignelit* Level Today! If your dealer can't supply you, order from us direct, but you must send dealer's name and address. Satisfaction guaranteed.
J. H. SCHARF MFG. CO.
Dept. C-3, Omaha, Nebr.
|
Check |
These Low |
Prices |
|
No. |
Size (Inches) |
Price |
|
3412-. |
-1x2x12" |
.$3.50 |
|
0618*. |
.1x2x18" |
. 4.50 |
|
,3624- |
-1x2x24" |
. 5.00 |
|
2624- |
-15x21x24".- |
. 5.75 |
|
2628- |
..Ijx2ii28".. |
- 6.75 |
|
2630. |
..Ijx2ix30".- |
. 7.25 |
|
2642, |
-Ijx2ix42".- |
. 9.25 |
|
2648- |
..lJx2Sx48".. |
.10.00 |
|
2072- |
..Iji28l72".. |
.16.50 |
|
'Extruded Alumi |
num |
|
|
Frame Only |
||
FREE
10-DAY TRIAL
ENLARGE YOUR
SKILL! ADVANCE!
EARN HIGHER PAY!
Every step of carpentry in and around a house is clearly explained and illustrated In this big, useful book. Shows you how to build forms for foundations, foot- ings, walls, steps, walks — How to build sills, gir- der supporting posts and girders — How to figure loads for house framing — How to lay out. cut and erect floor joists — How to lay sub-fiooring — How to frame outside and inside walls, allowing for open- ings— How to check the plumb of studs — How to brace and sheathe up outside walls — How to erect celling joists — How to frame around a chimney and stair well — How to lay out rafters for a gable roof, dormer roof, porch roof — How to sheathe gable ends and rafters — How to build cornices — How to lay shingles — How to build porches and bays — -How to apply siding — How to frame up inside walls — How to construct stairs- — How to place trim around windows and doors — How to fit and hang sasli — How to hang doors — How to make closets, shelving and built-in equipment — How to lay finished wood flooring, linoleum flooring — How to hang a set of garage doors — How to insulate.
OVER 600 ILLUSTRATIONS
SHOW YOU JUST WHAT TO DO
AND HOW TO DO IT
Detail drawings and large photographs show clearly how to do any house carpentry job. Full instructions guide you — step by step — from read- ing the plan to making the excavations, laying the foun- dations, erecting the skeleton, and putting on the exterior and interior finish. Here, in one remarkable volume. Is the practical know-liow that can help you enlarge your skill in performing house carpentry jobs of every desccription. 248 big pages, size 8i x Hi, fully indexed for easy reference.
SEND NO MONEY
Examine 10 Days Free
Don't send us a penny. Just mail coupon and get "HOUSE CAK- PENTKY" for 10 days FKEE trial. If not delighted, send book back to us and owe nothing. If you keep It, entire cost is only $3.98, plus few cents postage. Fill in and mail coupon be- low for your free-trial copy, now.
FREE TRIAL COUPON ,Sday
Simmons-Boardman Publishing Corp.
30 Church Street, Dept. CA-350 NEW YORK 7, N. Y.
Send me, for 10 DAYS' FREE TRIAL, "House car- pentry and Joinery." I will either return it in 10 days and owe nothing, or send only $3.98 (plus shipping charges) in full payment.
SAVE! Send $3.98 with this coupon and we pay post- age. Same return and refund privilege.
Name . Address City — .
State I
THE CARPENTER'S HANDY HELPER
at
^kaU tbe^i
has dozens of uses on every job!
For that ''FINISHED TOUCH" Plastic Wood can be used for filling:
• Nail holes
• Cracks due to wood
shrinkage
• Countersunk screws
• Old screw holes
• Loose dowel pins
• Broken railings
• Split, cracked or splintered
wood in bowling alleys.
HANDLES LIKE PUTTY... HARDENS INTO WOOD
Keep a supply of PLASTIC WOOD SOL- VENT on hand to control the consistency of PLASTIC WOOD. SOLVENT is also used for cleaning hands and tools.
• On sale at all Builders' Supplies,
Hardware and Paint Stores
BUY THE 1 lb. CAN
Boyle-Midwoy tn€. 32 Enil 40#> Sir««> N.w York 1 6. K. r
NOTICE
The publishers of "The Carpenter" reierre the right to reject all adTcrtislng matter which miy be. In their judgment, unfair or objectionable to the membership of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America.
All Contracts for advertising space In "The Car- penter," Including those stipulated as non-can- cellahle, are only accepted subject to the above reserved rights of the publisheTs.
Index of Advertisers
Carpenters' Tools and Accessories
Page
The American Floor Surfacing
Machine Co., Toledo, Ohio 5
Ardee Tool Co., Rocky River
Sta., Ohio 45
Arrow Fastener Co. Inc., Brook- lyn, N. Y. 48
E. C. Atkins & Co., Indianapolis,
Ind. 4th Cover
Burr Mfg. Co., Los Angeles, Calif. 41 Carlson & Sullivan, Inc., Mon- rovia, Calif. 38
Cedarburg Mfg. Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 44
Cummins Portable Tools, Chicago,
111
Deltec, Inc., Youngstown, Ohio__ 47 Henry Disston & Sons, Inc.,
Philadelphia, Pa. 47
Wilbert Dohmeyer, Crete, 111 43
Eagle Rule Mfg. Corp., New York,
N. Y. 43
Eliason Tool Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 44
Empire Level Mfg. Co., Milwaukee,
Wis. 39
E-Z Mark Tools, Los Angeles,
Calif. 44
Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 43-48
Greenlee Tool Co., Rockford,
111. 3rd Cover
Hendrix Tool Specialty, Kansas
City, Mo. 38
Heston & Anderson, Fairfield,
Iowa 40
TTie Lufkin Rule Co., Saginaw^,
Mich. 41
Mall Tool Co., Chicago, 111 42
Millers Falls Co., Greenfield,
Mass. 42
Paine Co., Chicago, 111. 41
Rowlands Mfg. & Sales Co., Ft.
Worth, Texas 39
J. H. Scharf Mfg. Co., Omaha,
Nebr. 45
Skilsaw, Inc., Chicago, 111 1
Speedcor Products, Portland, Ore. 48 Stanley Tools, New Britain, Conn. 3rd Cover Welliver & Sons, Rockford, 111. 45
Carpentry Materials
E. L. Bruce Co., Memphis, Tenn. 42 Lomayne Chemical Co., Wood- stock, 111. 39
Nicholas Wire & Aluminum Co.,
Davenport, Iowa
Plastic Wood, New York, N. Y._ 46'
Technical Courses and Books
American Technical Society, Chi- cago, 111. 47
Audel Publishers, New York,
N. Y. 3rd Cover
Builders Topics, Seattle, Wash._ 41 Chicago Technical College, Chi- cago, 111. 3
A. Riechers, Palo Alto, Calif 42
D. A. Rogers, Minneapolis, Minn. 41
H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans 37
Simmons-Boardman Publishing
Corp., New York, N. Y 45
Tamblyn System, Denver, Colo 43
^ MULTI-PURPOSE
TOOL
for Carpenters
Now you can do many ol those conunon. unwieldy jobs with new ease and speed. The unique new Nelson Poor Jack works either as a spreader or vise for posi- tive, speedy action in fit- ting doors and sosh, for setting stair stringers, drilling stair rails, etc. Lightweight and dur- able, fits your tool box. Try it and see il the Nelson Door Jack doesn't become one of your proudest, most serviceable posses- sions. Order direct today or write ior literature. Only $12.95.
PATENT APPLItO POO.
deltec inc.
2303 ^outh ^ve. ••• Youngstown 2, Ohio
QBIG BUILDING BOOKS
jVy"A*\\ r-; vYH^^**^ Edition for
''■'.V\i\ .^^'^ EXAMINATION
SEND NO MONEY
Learn to draw plans, estimate, be a live-wire builder, do remodeling, take contracting jobs. These 9 practical, pro- fusely illustrated books cover subjects that will help you to get more work and make more money. Masonry, con- crete forms, carpentry, steel square, roof framing, construc- tion, plumbing, heating, painting, decorating and many other subjects. More than 4000 pages — 2750 illustrations.
BETTER JOBS -- BETTER PAY "^-t.®?!^^
A nationwide building boom is In full t D I T I O N swing and trained men are needed. These books are Big opportunities are always for MEN the moat up-to- WHO KNOW HOW. These books sup- date and complete ply quick, easily understood training and we have ever pub- handy, permanent reference information lished on tbeit that helps solve building problems. many subjects. Coupon Brings Nine Big Books For Examination
«IERICAN TECHNiCAT SOCIETY" Publishers" sine" 1898
Dept. G-336 Drexel at 58th Street, Chicago 37, III. You may ship me the Up-to-Date edition of your nine big books, "Building, Estimating, and Contracting" with- out any obligation to buy. I will pay the delivery charges only, and If fully satisfied in ten days, I will send you $2.00, and after that only $3.00 a month, until the total price of only $34.80 is paid. I tm not obligated in anj way unless I keep the books.
Name
Address
City State
Attach letter stating age, occupation, employer's name and address, and name and address of at least one business man as reference. Men in service, also give home address.
YOUR skill helped by
msroK
i
skill
Skilled Disston veterans put Disston Saws through scores of tests
^5j/ Work faster and easier, save material, do
It/ less sharpening, by using Disston Saws. They're
made of Disston Steel with Disston Skill. That
means strictly uniform hardness and temper, true
taper grind, tooth edges that last longer — plus
balance and flex that carpenters say is "just right.'*
The economy that comes from quahty has made Disston
the saw most carpenters use.
:NRY disston & sons, inc., 304 Tacony, Philadelphia 35, Pa., U.S.A.
In Canada, write: 2-20 Fraser Ave., Toronto 3, On!.
SPBBVCOn TOOLS
iVUC $AV€ YOU TIME AN9 MONeV
SPEED SAW FILER
Now file your own saws! Precision fil- ing easy without experience. Two sim- ple adjustments. Keeps any hand saw extra sharp and true cutting. Complete with file and ready to use $2.95
DRILL GRINDER Makes old drills cut like new. Sharpens 3 '32" to I'i" drills with factory accuracy in 30 sees. No ex- perience necessary. Use with hand or power grinding wheels. $2.95
SPEED HANDLE Holds files, ra2or blades, taps, drills, Allen wrenches, bits etc. Operates similar to drill chuck. Precision made. Handiest tool in tool box. $1
SPEED GRIP PLANE Precision made, pocket sized plane as easy to grip as big one. S'A" X I'/i" face. Can't be beat for all around fitting and finishing. Blade guaranteed to hold edge. $1.95
SPEED SAW CLAMP Grips full length of hand saws — 30 inches. Saves time. Attached or released from bench in 15 seconds. Lifetime construction. Holds entire saw true without vibration. J4.95
CIRCULAR SAW FILER
Sharpen circular saws like an expert. Adjustable for any pitch or angle. Complete with file and I mandrels for blades with '/j", [ %", %". 13/16" centers. »6.95
Order Today' Cash with order, prepaid. COD postage extra. Money back Guaraote*
SPEEDCOR PRODUCTS "^^^T^^'-
INDEPENDENCE AfTfR40A
This FREE BOOK shows How to Win It
"INDEPENDENCE AFTER 40" is a
book giving you a proven, prac- tical way to make S20 to S30 a •week in spare time — .sharpening saws with the Foley Automatic Saw Filer. Start at home in basement or garage- — you can turn out perfect cutting saw» right away — no experience needed.
The Free Book gives you a plan based on facts, with only a small investment, no overhead, no stock of goods to carry. There are thou- sands of saws in every community to keep sharp. Begin in spare time — develop into a full- time buEine.?s of your own later Take the first step towards being own boss — send the coupon for book — no salesman will call.
S%^^'^.
Send (?cu/iuuc 7(w FREE BOOK
FOLEY MFG. CO., 31>-0 Foley BIdg., Minaeapolis 18, Minn. Send FREE BOOK— "Independence After 40"'
Name
Address
STAPLE— to save time- speed up production
T-32 Gun Tacker
A many purpose tool replacing hammer and tacks at trigger rate speed. Shoots a staple wherever a tack can be driven. Ideal for Carpenters, Display- men, Insulators, Upholsterers, etc. Special screen and window shade attachments. Same machine takes o 3/16", V4" and 5/16" staple. Loads 150 staples. S8.50. Rustproof "Monel" staples available.
P-22 Hand Stapler
"Reaches into hard-to- get-at places." Ideal For tagging, labeling, wrappings, sealing bags, containers and boxes. Same machine takes Va" and 5 16" S6.00.
Slightly higher in the West and Canada. Buy from your /ocaJ Dealer or order dirett—Dept. C
staples, toads 150 staples.
ARROW FASTENER COMPANY, INC.
30-38 Maufer St., Bklyn. 6, New York
I
Lgf the ri<il>f 'feed I") for fine work
-• ALL THE BEST IDEAS of skilled Workers in wood for over 70 years have been built into these Stanley Planes. Naturally they feel right and work right. Stanley Tools, 163 Elm Street, New Britain, Connecticut
THE TOOL BOX OF THE WORLD
[STANLEY]
Reg. U.S. Pat. OfF. HARDWARE ■ TOOLS - ELECTRIC TOOLS STEEL STRAPPING -STEEL
^^'~''^ff^M„
Plane
If you like fine tools
. . . then you'll certainly like to work with the new GREENLEE Socket Chisels. Perfectly balanced . . . handsome, transparent green plastic handles . . . fine bevel-edged GREENLEE blades, so long the choice of true craftsmen. Ask your hardware dealer about them.
GREENLEE
SPECIAL OFFER . . . WOODWORKING
CALCULATOR...104. Quick solutions to countless problems... converting linear to board feet, nail and bit sizes, etc Send 10c to Greenlee Tool Co., 2083 Columbia Ave.. Rockford. Ill
AUDELS Carpenters and Builders Guides
4vois.*6
InsideTrade Information
for Carpenters, Builders, Join- ers, Building Mechanics and all Woodworkers. These Guides give you the short-cut instruc- tions that you want— inciudinar Dew methods, ideas, solutions, plans, systems and money sav- ing suggestions. An easy pro- gressive course for the appren- tice and student. A practical daily helper and Quick Refer- ence for the master worker. Carpentera everywhere are us- ing these Guides as a Helping Hand to Easier Work, Better Work and Better Pay. To get this assistance for yourself, _ Bimply fill inand
Inside Trade Information On: mail peek coupon beiow.
How to iise the steel square — ^How to file and
set saws — How to build furniture — How to use
a mitre box — How to use tlie chalk line — How
to use rules and scales — How to make joints —
Carpenters arithmetic — Solving mensuration
problems — Estimating strength of timbers — ■
How to set girders and sills — How to frame
houses and roofs — How to estimate costs — How
to build houses, barns, garages, bungalows, etc.
— How to read and draw plans — Drawing up
specifications — How to excavate — How to use
settings 12 13 and 17 on the steel square — How
to build hoists and scaffolds — skyUghts — How
to build stairs — How to put on Interior trim — .
How to hang doors — How to lath — lay floors — How to paint.
AUDEL, Publishers, 49 W. 23rd St., New York 10, N. Y.
Mail Audels Carpenters and Builders Guides, 4 vols., °".^ ^^\f' JilT? trial. If OK I will remit $1 In 7 days and $1 monthly until $6 is paid. —Otherwise I will return them. No obligation unless I am satisned.
Occupation-
Employed by-
CAR
ATKINS
makes
SAWS
When it comes to sows, a carpen- ter owes himself the best! So it's important to remember when selecting saws— for any purpose., that "Silver Sfeel" Sows — devel- oped, perfected and manufactured only by Atkins— are made of the finest, toughest, longest-lasting steel ever alloyed for sawing operations. They ore backed by 93 years of continuous research and scientific advancement! Tell your hardware dealer you wont Atkins "Silver Steel" Saws.
E. C. ATKINS AND COMPANY
402 South Illinois StrMt Indlonopolit 9, Indiana
.OF Alt flNE SAWS-THE FINEST ARE 'SILVER STEEL" SAWS
fHE
MPENTER
FOUNDED 1881
Official Publication of ttie UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS of AMERICA
APRIL, 1950
REGISIERED
IF NOT,
WHY NOT?
f«
SAVE SANDING TIME WITH
MANY USES
From Roughing to Final Finish on
ir WOOD
i ^ METAL
* * MARBLE
ic STONE
if COMPOSITION BOARD
This American Portable BeJt Sander will save time and eliminate tedious hand sanding and plan- ing for you on many jobs! Use this easy-handling Belt Sander in your shop — and on location — for touch up sanding, roughing or final finish ... on wood, metal, marble, composition board or stone. Two models — with and without dust collector bag. Speedy . . . rugged . . . well-bal- anced . . . efficient, American-built dependability. Send coupon for free details.
MAKE BIG MONEY
SANDING FLOORS
• Be a floor surfacing contractor and sand both new and old floors. Sanders are easy to operate and better still, you are your own boss. Write for latest "tell-all" booklet entitled 'Opportunities in Floor Surfacing", enclosing 25 cents in coin or stamps to cover handling.
A
ERICAN
PORTABLE SANDERS
Send Coupon Today
THE AMERICAN FLOOR SURFACING MACHINE CO. 520 So. St. Clair St., Toledo 3, Ohio
Please send descriptive literature and prices on American Belt Sander — no obligation.
Name
Street
City
.State.
Jt%
imeriea^s Top Building Team...
You and
Celotex!
'he unsurpassed "know-how" of expert all the advantages of those manufactured inion carpenters like you. Plus the top- by Celotex. For no others are made of uality building materials made by Celo- long, remarkably strong Louisiana cane ex, Greatest Name In Insulation. There's fibres. And no others are protected by the . team that can't be beat — a combination exclusive Ferox* Process against dry rot, hat adds up to buildings of enduring qual- fungus and termites. That's ^vhy it pays to ty, beauty and serviceability ! build with genuine Celotex Building Prod- No other insulation products give you nets — always!
You build or remodel better with lenuine CELOTEX BUILDING PRODUCTS
J. Celotex Double -Waterproofed Insulating Sheathing takes the place of ordinary sheathing, and forms the protective layer between framing and wall exterior. Provides necessary insulation, structural strength and moisture-proofed sheathing— at one low cost! Quicker, easier to apply tlian ordinary sheathing.
^ Celotex Insulating Lath forms a rigid inside wall of insulation, providing ,;
a strong, solid, continuous plaster base that reduces danger of plaster cracking. I
Easy to handle and apply. t
O Celotex Building Board lets you build attractive walls, ceilings and parti- |
tions quickly and at low cost. Comes in big, rigid, lightweight sheets that are ^
easy to apply. Readily sawed, cut, grooved or beveled. <i|
4 Celotex Insulating Interior Finishes for fast, thrifty remodeling or ""?
building. Build, insulate and decorate, all at one low cost. Produce walls and 5
ceilings of unusual beauty. Variety of exclusive new blends and textures in Tile i^
Board, Building Board and Finish Plank. ^
^ ^^
O Celo-Rok* Gypsum Wallboards build strong, economical walls, ceilings ^
and partitions. Quickly applied directly to framing. Take paint or wallpaper ^
beautifully. 1
REG. U.S. PAT. OFF.
Build With Genuine ^^EILOTTE^C Building Products
THE CELOTEX CORPORATION • CHICAGO 3, ILLINOIS
Trade Mark Reg- March, 1913
A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.
PETER E. TERZICK, Editor
Carpenters' Building, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis 4, Indiana
Established in 1881 Vol. LXX— No. 4
INDIANAPOLIS, APRIL, 1950
One Dollar Per Year Ten Cents a Copy
Contents —
The Weak Get Kicked 7
Using the excuse that organized labor is a "monopoly" the anti-labor forces in Con- gress are pushing two bills, either of which would cripple unions so effectively that their usefulness would be all but eliminated. In the meantime actual business monopolies which restrict competition, Inflate prices and limit production go merrily on their way unhampered by the anti-trust laws which were passed for the express purpose of stop' ping such practices.
Gompers' Birthday Celebrated
10
The General Executive Board, in conjunction with representatives from nearly all local -unions in Florida, pays tribute to the memory of labor's Great Statesman whose influence still permeates much of the social and political thinking of American Labor.
Everybody Benefits
13
A survey by the AFL statistical department shows that in ten industries surveyed, union workers get from twenty to thirty per cent higher wages than non-union workers in the same industry. Despite these higher wages, union plants are more than able to compete with non-union plants because of the superiority of union labor.
Convention Call
15
Pursuant to the General Laws of the United Brotherhood the call for the Twenty-sixth General Convention has been issued in the established manner.
OTHER DEPARTMENTS Plane Gossip The Locker Official Editorials In Memoriam Correspondence To The Ladies Craft Problems
16 18 19 24 32 34 38 39
Index to Advertisers
46
Entered July 22, 1915, at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., as second class mail matter, under Act of
Congress, Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for
in Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 8, 191S.
CARPENTERS
BUILDERS and APPRENTICES
THOROUGH TRAINING IN BUILDING
Learn at Home in Your Spare Time
The successful builder will tell you hat the way to the top-pay jobs and iuccess in Building is to get thorough knowledge of blue prints, building con- struction and estimating.
In this Chicago Tech Course, you learn to •ead blue prints — the universal language of the milder — and understand specifications — for all Tpes of buildings.
You learn building construction details : oundations, walls, roofs, windows and doors, irches, stairs, etc.
You learn how to lay out work and direct milding jobs from start to finish. You learn 0 estimate building costs quickly and accurate- y. Find out how you can pre- pare at home for the higher- laid jobs in Building, or your )wn successful contracting busi- less. Get the facts about his income-boosting Chicago Tech training now.
MAIL COUPON NOW
Prepare for more pay, greater suc- cess. Learn how to lay out and run building jobs, how to read blue prints, how to estimate building costs. Prac- tical training with complete blue print plans and specifications — same as used by superintendents and contractors. Over 46 years of experience in train- ing practical builders.
INCREASE YOUR INCOME
Hundreds have quickly advanced to fore- man, superintendent, inspector, estimator, contractor, with this Chicago Tech train- ing in Building. Your practical experi- ence aids your success. Get the technical training you need for promotion and in- creased income.
FREE
Blue Prints and Trial Lesson
Send today for Trial Lesson: "How to Read Blue Prints," and set of Blue Print Plans — sent to you Free. See for yourself how this Chicago Tech Course prepares you to earn more money, gives you the thorough knowledge of Building required for the higher-up jobs and higher pay. Don't delay. Mail the coupon today in an envelope or use a penny postcard.
CHICAGO TECHNICAL COLLEGE
TECH BLDG., 2000 SOUTH MICHIGAN AVE., CHICAGO 16, ILL.
t
Chicago Technical College
D-122 Tech Bldg., 2000 So. Michigan Ave.,
Chicago 16, 111.
Mail me Free Blue Print Plans and Booklet: "How to Read Blue Prints' with information about how I can train at home.
Name Age.
Address Occupation
City :_^^^__^ Zone State
^My//^ec0m/fce(/s^
It is the best glue for all fine wood- work. It makes joints so strong they cannot be opened without wood fail- ure, yet so thin you cannot see them when grain is matched. Long lasting, hide glue was used in museum pieces centuries old. This hide glue is the easiest to use, yet the best glue for all fine craftsmen.
It's genuine HIDE glue .... strongest known ^
That's the secret of Franklin popularity. Once \ a craftsman realizes that this is the same glue i OS he has used, but without any of the trouble of heating, mixing, etc., it's the only glue for him from then on.
No mixing or heating .... ready-to-use
That means no danger of chilled joints, no waste, uniform from first drop and ^••iQry drop works.
Economical — no waste
Actually costs less than any or- ' dinary glue because it ! spreads so thin and goes farther.
SIX SIZES
No odor— no muss
Available in tubes, 15c; ideal for a trial; quarter pints, 45c; half pints, 7Sc; pints, $1.25; quarts, $2.25; and gallons, $6.00 at most good hardware Stores. If your dealer cannot supply you
SEND THIS COUPON
Send 20c for the large tube (15c plus 5c for postage and wrapping). ^s:^
Unbelievably pleasant to use. A favorite in furniture fac- tories, schools and with carpenters.
AT All HARDWARE STORES
RIGHTFULLY, THESE JOBS BELONG TO YOU!
Look up! Look at the cracked ceil- igs in your community! See for your- 3lf what independent surveys show!
Two out of every three homes have one r more rooms with cracked ceilings in eed of repair.
Then remember — patching nd makeshift plaster repairs eldom are satisfactory — eldom last.
Remember — only you, as
carpenter, have the needed kill to fix those ceilings so hey will never crack again. )nly you can apply beautiful Jpson Kuver-Krak Panels — ight over unsightly and imsafe plaster —and give dehghted home owners the 'jorld's finest ceiling.
Rightfully, these fobs belong to you!
i They can be yours, if you will only tap up and ask for them.
You can save the housewife from the rdeal of re-plastering. You can save ler from the seeping, floating gritty 'ust that causes needless houseclean- cig drudgery. You can build a beautiful eiling that will remain crackproof so 3ng as the house stands.
Amazing Upson Floafing Fasteners anchor panels securing from the back. Eliminate visible face nailing. Pro- vide for normal structural movement.
^
J
It Is Pleasant Inside Work
You will enjoy applying Upson Ceil- ings. It's work you can do the year 'rovmd — regardless of weather. Upson Kuver-Krak Panels are clean, Hght in weight, easy to handle, and easy to apply. Nearly all limiber dealers carry them in stock. Mouldings, furring strips, Upson No. 2 Floating Fasteners and nails are all you need. Be sure to insist upon and get Upson Kuver-Krak Panels 3^" thick. They are the only panels designed especially for re-cover- ing cracked ceihngs. Every panel is plainly marked "Kuver-Krak."
We Can Help You Get Upson Ceiling Jobs!
Inquiries from our national advertis- ing are being referred to lumber dealers constantly. If you would Hke to become an Upson Ceiling expert, send the cou- pon below. We'U put you in touch with the Upson Dealer in your community. Send coupon now!
|
THE UPSON COMPANY I would like to become an Upson Ceiling Expert. Send me nearest Upson Dealer. NAMF |
434 Upson Application |
Point, Lockport, Instructions and |
• • • New name |
York • of my • |
||||
|
• STRFFT • |
||||||||
|
CITY |
STATE |
• • • |
• • • • |
• • • |
• • • |
• • |
?'/■?«■;//'"' '/' ' W/y, ;>, '*'>,' '/'!^'"i?^''Z',"i//roiC'"/', v^-,,,, ,
•ON THE JOB •IN THE SHOP
u^ H&A 9 " Tilting Arbor Saw.
Has Nearly the Capacity of 10" Tilting Arbor Saws
By increasing the capacity' of this mobile, versatile tool to 2?4 inches on straight cuts, and to Us inches on 45 degree bevel cuts, we have greatly expanded the usefulness of this saw. It will do all of your cross- cutting, bevel-cutting, dadoing, mitering, groo\-ing, tenoning, rabbeting, ploughing, and practically every other t>'pe of saw- ing on the job or in your shop. The over- size table top wlU handle work up to 24 inches wide with speed and precision.
It' plugs into any regular 110-volt or 220-volt electric outlet. Equipped with a one-piece full length, roller guide rip fence, self -locking hand-wheel adjust- ments, large inter-changeable, removable throat blocks for easy access to arbor, a miter gauge \^'ith exclusive H&A "shift blade" having large protractor, and many other featiu-es that save time, lumber and effort.
Rolls Anywhere on Caster Base
Model 2800
See this new Model 2800 H&A Tilting Arbor Saw with 9" blade at your dealers TODAY. \i he does not have one, write us and we'll direct you to a dealer who has one in a hurry. Literature and prices mailed without obligation.
HESTON & ANDERSON
607 W. Kirkwood Street Fairfield, Iowa
The Weak Get Kicked
* *
As AN AFTERMATH of anti-union hysteria which the press and radio managed to work up during the recent coal strike, the anti-labor forces in Congress are stepping up their efiForts to put o\ er new legis- lation aimed at crippling the economic power of labor unions. Two such bills are now before Congress. They are: R. R. 6681, introduced in the House by P. Frank Wilson, Texas Democrat; and S. 2912, introduced in the Senate by Senator Robertson, Virginia Democrat, ^^'hat these bills propose to do is to make unions subject to the anti-trust laws by nullifying the protections set up by the Clayton Act and the Norris-LaGuardia Act, If either of them becomes law, the effectiveness of organized labor will be greatly curtailed and all unions will be laid open to continual barrages of injunctions, lawsuits and attacks. Behind all the legalistic verbiage in the bills, there is one single purpose; namely, to whittle down the size of unions and to cut down their effectiveness by keeping them broken up into isolated units insofar as collectixe bargaining is concerned.
There is nothing new to the idea that labor unions are "monopolies" and as such should be subjected to anti-labor laws. Ever since the anti- trust laws came into existence foes of organized labor have endeavored to put over that philosophy. The Clay- ton Act and the Norris-LaGuardia Act became necessary because there was so much employer pressure for mak- ing unions subject to the anti-trust laws. However, it was some ten years ago that the unions really climbed onto solid ground insofar as the "mon- opoly" theory is concerned. And it was General President William L. Hutcheson and the United Brother- hood that put them there.
I Ten years ago, Thurman Arnold, then Assistant Attorney General, at- tempted to use the anti-trust laws against organized labor. He singled out the United Brotherhood for spe- cial action. In the now famous St. Louis case, Arnold charged the United Brotherhood and General President
Hutcheson with violating anti-trust laws. It was a delicate situation. President Hutcheson stood to receive a long jail sentence if Thurman Arnold pre\'ailed in his case. However, with- out hesitation, he deteraiined to carry the fight to the bitter end. The case was fought through the lower courts and up to the United States Supreme Court. It was a complete \'ictory for President Hutcheson and organized labor. The Supreme Court upheld the doctrine that labor is not a commodity in trade. It further knocked most of Mr. Arnold's theories about union monopoly into a cocked hat. The case has been known ever since as the "Hutcheson Case" and it has been the keystone of union liberty since tliat time. Passage of the Taft-Hartley Law made some inroads on the basic union rights established by the Hutch- eson Case, but to date labor unions are still outside the scope of anti- tmst laws. That is why the anti-labor
8
THE CARPENTER
forces in Congress are now working on the Robertson Bill so diligently.
Millions of words have been writ- ten about monopoly in organized la- bor. Yet, is there such a thing? On the face of it the answer is pretty obvious; no. There are some sixty million people in the working force in the United States. About one- fourth of this number belongs to labor unions. Can one-quarter of the peo- ple in any segment of our society constitute a monopoly? In a recent article in "The Nation," Sid Lens de- velops some interesting points on this question. In part, he points out:
"Monopoly" may derive from ex- clusive control over the sale of com- modities, or over production facili- ties, or over the labor supply. In early days in America every farmer had control over all three— the labor sup- plied by Negro slaves or indentured white servants, the tools and the land, and the disposal of the crop. Artisans also in that period usually worked for themselves, with their own tools, and owned and sold the finished prod- uct. But as time went on and as the demand for shoes, textiles, iron prod- ucts "■ increased, the artisan set up a small manufactory and employed a handful of journeymen. No longer able to do all the work himself, he maintained his monopoly over the finished product and the facilities of production but relinquished his mo- nopoly over the labor supply.
This loss was not too serious, be- cause each journeyman confronted the employer with his demands and grievances as an individual. The em- ployer could say, "If you don't like it, quit," and if he lost but one man his production was only slightly impair- ed. It was only when the one man was joined by his brother journeymen and all together answered the em- ployer's ultimatum with, "If you don't
grant our demands you lose your la- bor supply and must shut down." that a labor monopoly was counterposed to the two monopolies enjoyed by the employer.
Our society is thus based on mo- nopoly—exclusive control. Both em- ployer's and unions have monopolies in their own fields. As the United States grew from a mercantile nation to an industrial one and finally to a "monopolistic" one, the area of "ex- clusive control" grew. Small employ- ers merged, or were swallowed up by giants, or, in depression times, by banks. We have now reached the state of affairs where one-eight of one per cent of the corporations control 51 per cent of all corporate wealth. In thirteen industries two or three companies, sometimes one, dominate the whole market. Almost half of America's capital assets is controlled by 113 corporations.
This growth of industrial monopoly has its counterpart in labor. From small, local, isolated unions, labor has moved to city federations of labor, state federations of labor, the alliance of workers of a similiar craft or in- dustry in a number of cities into a na- tional craft or industrial union, and finally the federation of national un- ions in the American Federation of Labor and later the Congress of In- . dustrial Organizations. The question, ji then. Are labor unions monopolies?] makes just as little sense as the ques- j tion. Is the Aluminum Corporation of -j America a monopoly? Both are. A labor union attempts, in the words of Thurman Arnold, "to monopolize the labor supply" in its field, and Alcoa dominates the production fa- cilities and the sale of finished prod- ucts in the aluminum field.
The real point at issue is not whether they are monopolies but
THE CARPENTER
whether they are harmful to the gen- eral welfare. Industrial monopolies that combine in restraint of trade, that boost prices, that keep back new production facilities, that withhold better products from the market, that set up predatory world cartels to ex- ploit colonial peoples— these are harmful monopolies. But the mo- nopoly that a labor union attempts to establish is by and large a benefi- cial one. It tries to raise wages, in- crease purchasing power, achieve some security for the majority of the people. Properly speaking it is a counter-monopoly, a defensive weap- on against more powerful monopo- lies. And as counter-monopolies un- ions are still a long way from being able to match their strength with the monopolies they face.
Ever since enactment of the Sher- man law against industrial monopo- hes reactionary interests have at- tempted to turn the picture upside down. They have presented a bogy- man of "labor monopolies" to distract attention from their own anti-social monopolies. The essence of the Taft- Hartley law is that it attempts to break up a socially beneficial mono- poly in order to aid restrictive busi- ness monopolies. Under it unions are
not permitted to engage in a second- ary boycott. If a union is on strike at one plant and the employer farms out his work to another factory owned by someone else, it is illegal to put a picket line around the second factory. It is perfectly legal, however, for the employer to farm out struck work. A union, under Taft-Hartley, is not per- mitted to tell its members to respect the picket line around another em- ployer. Members of a union on strike lose their job rights if the employer can replace them. If a Labor Board election is held, the strikers don't vote, the strike-breakers do. Senator Taft has singled out the weaker of the tsvo monopolies for further weaken- ing; that is the essence of his law.
The nation as a whole, however, faces a choice. Shall it permit the labor unions to grow as a check to the restrictive practices of industrial monopoly, or shall it weaken the un- ions so that big business can continue unimpeded to hamper the develop- ment of our productive facilities. The question is which monopolies to aid and which to weaken. Every progres- sive, mindful of the experiences of Germany and other countries, will cast his ballot for the monopoly which is attempting to reach an equitable solution for our social ills.
DON'T MISS THE 5th AFL UNION INDUSTRIES SHOW You'll get a big lack out of it!
It is the only one of its kind and is scheduled May 6-13 at Convention Hall in Phila- delphia. We want to make it the biggest and best ever held. In order that it wU be the sensational success that every other one has been, we appeal to all national and inter- national unions of the American Federation of Labor to participate in this unique labor- management exhibition.
Good relations— cooperation between labor and management— is one of the worthy goals of our Union Industries Show. PubHc good will of American consumers is another objective. We anticipate that half a million people will see this spectacular AFL-union event. Admis- sion is free and valuable prizes will be given away.
Over one and a half rurming miles of briUiant displays of high-quahty, union-made products and exciting demonstrations of efficient union services— marvels of union workers techniques— will be seen in the huge auditoriums of famous Convention Hall.
Visitors v^^ll also get a big kick out of the music, the contests, the entertainment and U.S. armed forces' displays in addition to the gorgeous exhibits during the 8-day, action- packed, round-up of union-made-in-America merchandise and union ser\ices.
10
GOMPERS' BIRTHDAY CELEBRATED
• •
THE GENERAL Executive Board, in conjunction with the oiBBcers and representatives of the Florida State Council of Carpenters, the Busi- ness Agents of the entire State and many visiting Brothers, held a joint celebration of the 100th anniversary of the birthday of Sam Gompers, who for nearly half a century was President of the American Federation of Labor. The afiFair was held at the New Florida Hotel, Lakeland, Florida on Saturday, February 25th.
General President Hutcheson, who is also First Vice-President of the A. F. of L., was Master of Ceremonies. He said:
"We are holding this celebration for
the express purpose of honoring the 100th anni\'ersary of the Birthday of Sam Gompers, the old labor leader who in his day devoted his time, en- ergy and ability to the advancement and development of the Labor Move- ment the world over, and is therefore entitled to all the recognition, credit and honor we can bestow upon him. We have with us an old time member who knew him well and worked with him for many years, our General Sec- retary Emeritus, Brother Frank Duffy. I know he can tell us much about the early days of the Labor Movement and Sam Gompers."
Brother Duffy said in part: "Sixty-one years ago I joined a Car- penters Union in New York City- Lodge No. 2 of the United Order of American Carpenters and Joiners— the organization that preceded the Bro- therhood. I knew Sam Gompers, P. J. McGuire, Gabe Edmonston, Ter- ence V. Powderley and other leaders in the movement. So I know where of I speak. Going back to the early days of the movement and speaking of Sam Gompers is like repeating an- cient history. Perhaps you don't want ancient history. A labor conference
held in Terre Haute, Indiana on Au- gust 2, 1881, was really the beginning of the Federation. A call drafted by P. J. McGuire and signed by other International OflBcers was sent out to hold a Convention in Pittsburgh, Pa., on November 15, 1881 for the purpose of forming a National Con- gress of Labor or Federation of La- bor. One hundred and seventeen (117) delegates were present from all Labor Organizations including the Knights of Labor. Sam Gompers was there from the Cigar Makers and was Chairman of the Committee on Con- stitution and Law. An organization was formed under the title 'The Fed- eration of the Organized Trades and Labor Unions of the United States and Canada.' I will give you in chro- nological order as near as I can the principal events that followed.
"The Knights of Labor were barred from representation in the future, as they had their own organization. Yearly Conventions were held, but the representation dwindled until 1886 when only 19 Delegates were present at the Convention held in Columbus, Ohio. P. J. McGuire im- mediately got busy and reorganized
THE CARPENTER
11
the Federation of the Organized Trades and Labor Unions of the Unit- ed States and Canada into The Amer- ican Federation of Labor. Sam Gom- pers was elected President. P. J. Mc- Guire, although he declined, was elected Secretary and Gabe Edmons- ton, the First General President of the Brotherhood of Carpenters, was elect- ed Treasurer. It then began to grow, de\elop and expand.
"In 1890 the American Federation of Labor selected the Brotherhood of Cai-penters to move for the eight hour day. They won. Sam Gompers was their great supporter and backer, always an advocate of the shorter work day.
"In 1895, Sam Gompers and Pete McGuire were elected the first Dele- gates to the British Trades Union Congress from the American Feder- ation of Labor.
"In 1898 the A. F. of L. held its annual Convention in Kansas City, Missouri. The question of "Partisan Politics" was the big subject under discussion. P. J. McGuire made one of his best talks and wound up by saying,
'Vote for your friends and defeat your enemies.'
"Sam Gompers accepted it and it became the slogan of the A. F. of L., then and is now.
"The Socialists took advantage of it, claiming they were the friends of labor and in the Conventions of the A. F. of L. in 1899, 1900, 1901, and 1902, introduced Resolutions claim- ing the labor vote. In fact they want- ed to capture the A. F. of L. but all these Resolutions were non-concurred in. At the 1903 Convention in Old Fanieul Hall, Boston, the Cradle of Liberty, the Socialists introduced ten Resolutions on all sorts of subjects. The Resolution Committee dealt with them all at one time and reported
"Non-concurrence." Then the big fight started and lasted nearly two days. The Socialists used all the tac- tics at their command. When the de- bate finally closed Gompers claimed the right to reply and especially so to accusations made against him and it was willingly granted. With flashing eyes and clear voice he went after the Socialists without mercy. At that time he was fifty-three and in his prime. Pointing his finger at the leaders of the Socialists he said:
T want to tell you, Socialists, that I have studied your philoso- phy; read your works upon eco- nomics, and noted the meanest of them; studied your standard works, both in English and Ger- man—have not only read, but studied them. I ha\'e heard your orators and watched the work of your movement the \^'orld over. I have kept close watch upon your doctrines for thirty years; have been closely associated with many of you, and know how you think and what you propose. I know, too, what you have up your sleeve. And I want to say that I am entirely at \ ariance with your philosophy. I declare it to you, I am not only at vari- ance with your doctrines, but with your philosophy. Econom- ically, you are unsound; socially, you are wrong; industrially, you are an impossibility.'
"I think that was the best statement he ever made and it should be pub- lished from one end of the land to the other. He was a great man, a great organizer, a good orator, a great leader and a great President of the A. F. of L. He was consulted by Con- gressmen and Presidents on matters aflFecting labor. He was Labor's States- man, Labor's Spokesman. The A. F. of L. has grown, expanded and de-
12 THE CARPENTER
veloped. It has eight miUion members ti\e. enHghtening and educational ad-
now with milhons of dollars in its dress on matters with which the
treasiir}-. We know the A. F. of L. Labor Movement has to contend with
General President Hutcheson has been today.
a Delegate to its Conventions for 35 General President Hutcheson then years and I have been a Delegate for called on each member of the Gen- 47 years, so we know whereof we eral Executi\'e Board and the re- speak. Am glad to be with you at this spouses were fine and fitting to the celebration." occasion.
When First General \'ice-Presi- Everybody admitted it was the best
dent Maurice Hutcheson was called celebration ever held in the State of
upon he referred to the cause of the Florida and one to be long remem-
celebration and gave a ver\' instruc- bered.
Sixteen Reasons Why T-H Must be Repealed
Milhons of words have been \\Titten on the subject 'WTiat's \\Tong "\"\'ith The Taft-Hartley Act?" Most of the articles are clear and hard-hitting; the only trouble is they contain too many words. Recently Secretary' of Labor Tobin boiled dowm to sixteen short paragraphs the things that are \\Tong with the law. For those who want ammunition for pressing for repeal of the law, Tobin's sixteen objections are handy. They are:
1. The Act's banning of union secmrity agreements mutually beneficial to both labor and management for a period of over 100 years.
2. The special emphasis placed by the Act on the use of injunctions to settle labor disputes.
3. The Act's removal of the Conciliation Service from the Department of Labor.
4. The broad discretionary power placed by the Act in the General Coun- sel of the National Labor Relations Board, making him \'irtually "a labor czar."
5. The Act's provisions for numerous elections which keep employer-em- ploye relations in a constantly unsettled condition.
6. The Act's outlawing of jDeaceful picketing in many situations.
7. The Act's restrictions on the check-off.
8. The Act's denial of the right to vote to economic strikers.
9. The Act's pro\ision for employers' petitions for union representation elections.
10. The Act's restrictions on health and welfare funds.
11. The Act's surrender of Federal jurisdiction where state laws are more restrictive on imion securit}'.
12. The Act's broad ban on political contributions and expenditures by labor organizations.
13. The Act's provision for damage suits against unions.
14. The Act's indiscriminate outlawing of all secondary boycotts, whether justifiable or not.
15. The Act's provision for mandator}' injunctions against certain union unfair labor practices.
16. The Act's elaborate and inflexible procedures including an SO-da)' wait- ing period enforced by injuction in emergency disputes, combined \^dth pro- hibition against recommendations by boards of inquiry to assist parties to settle such disputes.
13
Everybody Benefits
THE LEADERSHIP of Samuel Gompers and the everlasting hard work of AFL unions in raising the nation's wage levels have helped to create the American prosperity which is the wonder of the world in this tvventieth century.
That's the story told in the current issue of the AFL Labor Monthly Survey.
The Survey published charts showing that in 10 industries alone, AFL
unions have raised wages 20 to 30 per cent higher than nonunion wages and
that these rising wages increased the —
average purchasing power of every American.
"Yet the union plants are prosper- ing, well able to compete with non- union concerns because of their supe- rior labor force and efficiency," the Survey said. "This far-sighted policy on the part of labor has been basic in American progress.
der, Samuel Gompers, as we celebrate the lOOtli anniversary of his birth.
Gompers and his fellow workers de- veloped unions which enable workers to better themselves by sharing in the benefits of free enterprise. No other way promises workers as great ad- vancement, for economic progress springs from individual initiative and
UNION WAGES ARE HIGHER
for every (^^ <» o non-union pay envelope in these Industries^
the union pay envelope contains:
'''"^'nMTim r^'^^'T'^^'''^^^^^^^ ''''
WAfmusiNd
"High wages in union plants have forced nonunion employers to raise pay. Rising buying power has in- , creased demand, raising production and creating more jobs and more de- mand, while expanding production re- duced unit costs."
Here's the story from Labor's Monthly Survey:
Significantly, we are re-examining this year the principles of our foun-
i
voluntary action when men can bene- fit from the results of their work.
Gompers' union activity began in New York City in the early 1870's. Wages then were 1 to 15 cents an hour for a work week of more than 60 hours. Unions were weak and often misled by impractical theorists; union organizers were marked men, black- listed, their families ostracized. Gom- pers and his fellow cigarmakers set
14
THE CARPENTER
out to make their local union a strong, practical and effective organization to deal with the employer and handle members' work problems. They dis- cussed socialism, and other forms of government intervention— theories then popular in Europe— and cast them aside. They set up their union as a shop organization, with separate officers in each shop to handle mem- bers' business; collective bargaining with the employer was their method for winning better wages, hours and conditions. The union was opened to all workers in the industry; and an employment bureau run by the union helped members find jobs.
This new "business unionism" be- gan to show results. "We fought for each gain," he says, "and with bare hands unaided carried off victories against the protest of a hostile world." In those days the movement was very poor— but they forged ahead. Other unions studied their methods. "Busi- ness unionism" spread throughout New York state, the Cigarmakers In- ternational Union, elsewhere. Union discipline developed. Wildcat strikes were outlawed; grievance committees assured workers justice on the job and eliminated causes of strikes; signed contracts made joint agreements bind- ing.
These early unionists saw in their drive for higher wages a lifting force that could better the whole human family. Through their unions they won higher wages, then participated in measures to reduce costs and get out the production necessary to pay for the wage increase. Our founder's policy was not to oppose the introduc- tion of labor-saving machinery, but to see that union members were em- ployed to operate it and that workers benefitted by the saving in costs. The union wages chart shows 10 industries where today union wages are from 20
to 30 per cent higher than non-union wages. Yet the union plants are pros- pering, well able to compete with non-union concerns because of their superior labor force and efficiency.
This far-sighted policy on the part of labor has been basic in American progress. High wages in union plants have forced non-union employers to raise pay. Rising buying power has increased demand, raising production and creating more jobs and more de- mand, while expanding production re- duced unit costs. It was Gompers' policy to demand the obtainable now, and tomorrow, more now, more then, and these gains built up union strength so that unions became stable agencies. He started unions along the road to steadily growing possibili- ties. So while the genius of American management brought new production miracles, AFL unions translated pro- duction into higher living standards, and workers' larger pay envelopes created an expanding market to ab- sorb the flood of new goods turned out. The purchasing source chart shows that the per capita buying power of the American people (that is, the general living standard) almost doubled in the 29 years from 1900 to 1929 and rose 42 per cent in 10 years from 1939 to 1949.
On his death in 1924, Gompers left to his successors a militant trade un- ion movement, guided by sound basic principles, applicable to new and changing problems.
At a time when it is particularly needed, this practical business union- ism, based on moral principles and guided by the ideals of human free- dom, has spread throughout the United States. It makes possible joint voluntary action of unions and man- agements in meeting the serious eco- nomic problems of today. This is our hope to avoid government domination.
THE CARPENTER
15
CONVENTION CALL
TO THE OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF LOCAL UNIONS OF THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA
Greetings:
You are herewith officially notified that in accordance with the action of the General Executive Board, the Twenty- Sixth General Convention of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America will be held in the auditorium of the Cincinnati Masonic Temple, Cincinnati, Ohio, beginning Tuesday, Septem- ber 5, 1950 at 2:00 P.M. and continue in session from day to day until the busi- ness coming before the convention has been completed.
The basis of representation in the convention herewith follows:
A Local Union with membership of 100 or less, in good standing, is entitled to one delegate; with more than 100 and less than 500 members, two delegates; with more than 500 and less than 1,000 members, three delegates; with more than 1,000 members, four delegates.
A Local Union owing two months' tax to the General Ofiice is not entitled to representation in the convention.
The General Executive Board decided, when considering the matter of mak- ing arrangements for the coming General Convention, which will be held early in September, that owing to the large number of Local Unions in the Brotherhood, and undoubtedly the large number of delegates who will be elected, it would expedite the arrangements to a great extent by having the delegates elected in the months of April and May instead of June and July; the names of delegates elected to be in the General Office not later than June 15, 1950.
In compiling the General Constitution after the last referendum vote, there was an oversight in reference to changing Paragraph E, Section 18 to conform to and define the eligibility of a member to represent the Brotherhood as outlined in Section 31, Paragraph D, therefore the rule prevailing in reference to the eligibility of a member to be elected as a delegate to the General Convention shall be as set forth in Section 31, Paragraph D of the General Constitution, de- fining the eligibility of a member to be elected or selected as an officer of a Local Union.
Each delegate will be entitled to one vote. Proxy representation is not allowed.
Each delegate establishes claim to a seat in the convention through official credentials supplied by the General Office which must be properly filled out and signed by the President and Recording Secretary of the Local Um'on which he represents, with the seal of the Local Union affixed thereto.
A delegate must have his due book with him to show that he has been a member in good standing twelve months prior to his election.
The expense of each delegate attending the convention is to be paid by the Local Union he represents.
The Recording Secretary must report at once to the Acting General Secretary the name and postoffice address of the delegate and alternate under penalty of fine as provided in Paragraph F, Section 18 of our General Laws. When the name of the delegate is reported to the General Office, blank credentials and further information will be sent to the elected delegate.
With best wishes and kindest regards, we are
Fraternally yours.
WM.
L. HUTCHESON General President.
ALBERT E. FISCHER
Acting Secretary.
-SIP
DON'T FORGET THE GIFT
Recently compiled figures indicate that something like eight million dollars was spent on lobbying in Washington last year. That is a lot of money in any league. How- ever, Big Business interests which shell out a very substantial percentage of the moola figure they must get value received for their dough because indications are that they will spend as much or more this year.
Lobbying is a new technique just now coming into its own. Special interest groups hire some smooth operator who knows his way around the Capital to boost their in- terests. They give the operator a nice fat salary and a juicy expense account. With entertainment, favors, etc. the operator goes to work on Congressmen; sort of like the Irishman who was going to celebrate his silver wedding anniversary.
Inviting a friend to the party, the Irish- man gave instructions as to how his place could be found. "We live on the fifth floor," he said, "apartment B. Just touch the but- ton with your elbow."
"And why should I use my elbow?" en- quired the friend.
"Mike, me lad," replied the Irishman, "you'd not be coming empty-handed, would ye' now?"
4,7. is3-e3gg3-© 1950 <^^£ StaMMTz
"Not here! They're anti-laborr
STORY WITH A MORAL
Under the sponsorship of Senator Robert- son, an anti-labor bill that could make the Taft-Hartley Law look like the Wagner Act has been introduced. All that the new law proposes to do is to classify human labor to all intents and purposes as an article of commerce like girdles and saddle soap, thus making labor organizations sub- ject to anti-trust laws.
From where we sit, labor seems to be in a spot about like the restaurant patron who called the waiter.
"I've never seen anything as tough as this steak," complained the patron.
"You haven't?" repUed the waiter: "Just wait until you've seen the manager."
MORAL: Be siure to register and vote or things are going to get tougher for all work- ing people.
* • •
WE ARE NOT ALONE
Despite all we can do, tj'pographical er- rors will creep into this publication occa- sionally. Just so you won't think we are careless or sloppy or unique, take a look at some of the boners some other publica- tions have let slip through recently:
Fifty-nine years he practiced medicine, being responsible for most of the babies born in this community.
The club meets only once a year and that is when they transact all their business and enjoy the evening togetlier— wives are bared.
He is the proud possessor of a new Chev- rolet and also a new wife, having traded in the old one for which he received a liberal allowance.
After Governor watched the
lion perform, he was taken to Main Street and fed twenty-five pounds of raw meat in front of the Fox Theater.
After the musical portion of the program,
Pastor deUvered a short sermon
on "Personal Devils." Seventeen were pres- ent.
THE CARPENTER
17
SEEMS LIKELY
Down in a certain southern state, a new- ly elected representative from a rural dis- trict went to pay his respects to the gover- nor. Ignorant of the temi of respect he should use in addressing his Excellency, the yahoo called him "Most High."
"Oh," replied the governor, with a laugh "I'm not the Most High. The Most High is He who has made all things from noth- ing."
"Well," replied the representative, in a sudden burst of honest emotion, "that mighty near qualifies you, Guv. That jus- tice of the peace }'ou appointed down in my town is about the nearest thing to nothin' I've seen on t\vo legs!"
In view of the fact the recent coal strike dramatically pro\ed how unworkable the Taft-Hartle\' Law really is, would it be possible to call Senator Taft "Most High" too, because he still keeps boosting the law as a good piece of legislation?
* * * JUST MEDIUM
Noting in a woman's magazine that a near-record number of marriages is pre- dicted for this spring and summer, Joe Paup, a veteran sailor on the sea of matri- mony, added the following item to his im- mortal list of "Paup's Pearly Gems."
"The average man is neither so clever as his wife thought him when they were engaged, nor as big a dope as she thinks him now they are married."
* * •
THE CHEAPEST SYSTEM
If j'ou ha\e not as yet made your two dollar voluntary contribution to Labor's League for Political Education, do not for- get to take care of this important item next meeting night. Your two bucks donation will not only help to elect a liberal Con- gress, but also it will help to give your state the kind of liberal legislation its work- ing citizens need. During the last campaign, there were many different types of cam- paigns for funds. This year there is only the LLPE solicitation which will cover everything.
Chip in your two bucks and you can be like the Scotsman who went into a saddlery shop and asked to buy one spur.
"I'm sorry, sir," replied the clerk, "but we only sell spurs by the pair."
"That may be so," replied the man from Aberdeen, "but I only want one spur. If I can get one half of the horse mo\ing, the other half will come with it."
NOT VERY AMUSING
Movie houses throughout the nation are waging an all-out battle to get the twenty per cent amusement tax lifted when Con- gress writes its new tax bill. Mo\ie men say the tax is grossly unfair.
And judging from some of the pictures we have seen lately we are inclined to be- lieve the tax is misnamed too.
* • •
A GREAT HANDICAP
In the British elections held late in Feb- ruary, tlie Labor Party managed to stay in power by a ver}' slight majority. Ever since, all the poHtical big-wigs in this coun- try have been trying to uncover "trends" and "mandates" in the election results.
What the election proves, we don't know. All we know is that the Labor Party won out against terrific odds. How terrific those odds were can be gleaned from the fact the Gallup Poll even predicted labor would win.
* • *
MAYBE TAFT WAS PULLING IT
(An Associated Press Dispatch from Glendale, Cal. )
"I've broken my leg," explained Wendell
Holmes Teat, fifty-three, when pohce found
him lying in the street. He was rushed to
Physicians and Surgeons Hospital, but when
the doctors examined him they withdrew
from the case and called a carpenter. Pohce
said Mr. Teat forgot to mention that the leg
was wooden.
31 /■••■■ -siEEEB-j © 1949 Carl ^ta/^^wiTz
'I trust you won't try to curry favor with some cheap, non-union made trinkets!"
THE LOCKER
By JOHN HART, Local Union 366, New York, N. Y.
A written test for the position of city carpenter held recently in New York consisted of
200 true or false Questions. 50 of these are submitted as a fairly stiff workout for our apprentices. Score 2 points for each one right. Total points is the percentage. Answers on page 33. The more experienced carpenter should sit this one out and wait for the next issue. If he insists on playing, then he should shoot for 100.
True or False
1. A butt gauge is a tool used in hanging interior or exterior doors
2. A skillsaw (sic) is commonly used in constructing frame buildings
3. A back band is part of a door casing
4. A battened door has no panels
5. Spruce wood is non-resinous
6. When setting a cross cut saw the whole tooth should be bent
7. Sash lifts help to balance a double-hung sash
8. A miter box is used to cut cin-ves of different radii
9. A strap hinge and a T hinge are the same
10. A twelve penny common nail is 3% inches long
11. Bridging can be made from wood or metal
12. Headers run parallel to floor joists
13. The pitli of a tree has no structural value
14. Dowels are used in edge joints to strengtlnen them
15. A butt joint is no more difficult to make than a rabbeted joint
16. The stile is the horizontal member of a door frame
17. The bottom rail of a door is usually made wider than the upper
18. A transom is a sash over a door or window
19. Sub flooring and rough flooring are the same
20. A number 13 auger bit will drill a %-inch hole
21. A nosing is a term used in stair building
22. An octagon is a seven-sided figure
23. A cleat is a piece of wood used to hold 2 or more pieces of wood together
24. The standard lengtli of wood lath is 4 feet
25. Floor joists embedded in brick walls should be cut on a bevel
26. End grain holds nails better than edge grain
27. Herring bone is a design for flooring
28. A'pilaster and a column are the same
29. A waler is a member usually found in brace frame construction
30. A lintel is the head member of a double-hung window
31. A round head screw requires no countersinking
32. Crown is a term used in setting floor joists
33. White pine comes from a broad leaf tree
34. Carriage bolts are bolts witli square heads
35. Braced framing is structurally stronger tlian balloon framing
36. Floor beams are set with tlie hollow edge up :
37. Batter boards are supports in a roof truss
38. The motion of a band saw is continuous in one direction
39. The horizontal division between a double-hung window is a mulhon
40. A lolly (sic) colmnn is a wooden post
41. An astragal is used on a double-hung window
42. The first layer of wood over the rough frame is known as sheathing
43. Maple and beech have similar tex-ture
44. A bay window is a projection on a roof top .
45. A water level is sometimes used by carpenters
46. Sheathing boards are usually made from white pine limiber
47. The table of a band saw is in two parts
48. A soffit is part of a roof cornice
49. Hip rafters extend from ridge to plate
50. Grounds are used at rough openings as a guide for plastering
Apprentice rating: 70 to 80, ver>' good. Over 80, excellent. Over 90, superlative.
Official Information
General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS
of AMERICA
Qbnbeal Office : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General President
WM. L. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
First General Vice-President
M. A. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Acting Secretary
ALBERT E. FISCHER
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Second General Vice-President
JOHN R. STEVENSON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Treasurer
S. P. MEADOWS
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Executive Board
First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, JR. Ill B. 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y.
Fifth District, R. E. ROBERTS 3819 Cuming St., Omaha, Nebr.
Second District, O. WM. BLAIBK 933 E. Magee, Philadelphia 11, Pa.
Sixth District, A. W. MUIR Box 1168, Santa Barbara, Calif.
Third District, HARRY SCHWARZER
1248 Walnut Ave., Cleveland, O.
Seventh District, ARTHUR MARTEL 3560 St. Lawrence, Montreal, Que., Can.
Fourth District, ROLAND ADAMS 712 West Palmetto St., Florence, S. C.
WM. L. HUTCHESON. Chairman ALBERT E. FISCHER, Acting Secretary
All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the Acting Secretary
Notice to Recording Secretaries
The quarterly circular for the months of April, May, and June, 1950, containing the quarterly password, has been forwarded to all Local Unions of the United Brotherhood. Recording Secretaries not in receipt of this cir- cular should notify Albert E. Fischer, Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Indiana. «_ — —
REGULAR MEETING OF GENERAL
EXECUTIVE BOARD
Carpenters' Home, Lakeland, Florida February 20, 1950
Since the previous meeting of the General Executive Board the following trade move- ments were acted upon:
October 10, 1949
San Francisco, Calif., L. U. 3141. (Furniture-Woodworkers)— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.20, $1.32 and $1.57 to $1.43, $1.55 and $1.80 per hour, effective October 10, 1949. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
October 14, 1949
New Smyrna Beach, Fla., L. U. 318.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25 to $1.50 per hour, effective December 15, 1949. Official stinction granted.
20 THE CARPENTER
October 2T, 1949
Watertown, S. D.. L. U. 1690.— Movement for an increase in wages from SI. 30 to SI. 85 per hour, effective October 27, 1949. Official sanction granted.
Decatur. 111., L. U. 742. (MiUmen)— Movement for an increase in wages from SI. 45 to SI. 70 per horn:, effective January- 2, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Athens, Ala., L. U. 1311.— Movement for an increase in wages from SI. 25 to SI. 40 per hour, effective Januar>' 3, 1930. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Hartford, Conn., L. U. 1941.— Movement for an increase in wages from SI. 55 to SI. 63 per hour, effective January- 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
November 8, 1949
Houston, Texas, L. U. 724.— Movement for an increase in wages from SI. 65 to SI. 77^2 per hour, effective November 7, 1949. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
December 19. 1949 Tiffin, Ohio, L. U. 243.— Movement for an increase in wages from SI. SO to S2.00 per
hour, effective Januar>' 16, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Westboro. Mass., L. U. 1459.— Movement for an increase in wages from SI. 50 to
S2.02H per hour, effective Januar\- 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Monahans, Texas, L. U. 1923.— Movement for an increase in wages from Sl.S7-'-2 to
S2.25 per hour, effective January' 22, 1950. Official sanction granted.
December 27, 1949
Marlboro. Mass., L. U. 988.- Movement for an increase in wages from SI. 50 to S2.00 per hour, effective April 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Johnston Cit>-, 111., L. U. 1029.— Movement for an increase in wages from S1.37^i to- SI. 30 per hour, effective Januarv- 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Hutchinson, Kans., L. U. 1587.— Movement for an increase in wages from SI. 73 to S2.00 per hour, effective March 1, 1930. Official sanction granted.
January- 9, 1930
Dothan, Ala., L. U. 2223.— Movement for an increase in wages from SI. 50 to SI. 75 per hour, effective Januar>- 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Ottumwa, Iowa, L. U. 767.— Movement for an increase in wages from SI, SO to S2.25 per hour, effective April 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Newion, N. J., L. U. 1124.— Movement for an increase in wages from S2.00 to S2.23 per hour, effective Januar\- 13, 1950. Official sanction granted.
January- 11, 1950
New Milford. Conn., L. U. 1005.— Movement for an increase in wages from S1.25 to S2.00 per hour, effective March 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Diilican, Okla., L. U. 2221.— Movement for an increase in wages from SI. 75 to S2.00 per hour, effective January- 15, 1950. Official sanction granted.
January- 19, 1950
Portland, Ore., L. U. 1020. (Shipwrights-Joiners,)— Movement for an increase in wages from SI. 66 (New Work) SI. 75 (Repair Work) to S2.10 per hour, effective March 20, 1950. OflBcial sanction granted without financial aid.
JanuaiA" 26, 1950
Traverse Cit>", Mich., L. U. 1461.— Movement for an increase in wages from SI. 75 to S2.00 per hour, effective April 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Boulder, Colo., L. U. 1480.— Movement for an increase in wages from SI. SO to S2.10 per hour, effective April 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Woodward, Okla., L. U. 1894.— Movement for an increase in wages from SI. 50 to SI. 75 per hour, effective March 17, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Seaford. Dela., L. U. 2012.— Movement for an increase in wages from S2.05 to S2.40 per hoTor, effecti\'e Januan.^ 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Januar\- 31, 1950
Jacksonville, 111., L. U. 904. (Millmen''— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.37^ to S1.45 per hour, effective April 1, 1950, Official sanction granted.
Februar>- 7. 1950
Salem, Ohio, L. U. 1282.— Movement for an increase in w-ages from SI. 75 to S2.00 per hour, effective Februar>' 6, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Februar>- 8, 1950
S. Pittsburg, Tenn., L. U. 1608.- Movement for an increase in wages from SI. 72^2 to SI. 90 per hour, effective Febnoarv- 8, 1950. Official sanction granted.
THE CARPENTER 21
Carpenters' Home, Lakeland, Florida February 20, 1950
The General Executive Board met in regular session at the Carpenters' Home, Lakeland, Florida, on the above date.
The report of the Delegate to the Sixty-Fourth Annual Convention of the Trades and Labor Congress of Canada, held in the City of Calgary, Alberta, during the week of Sep- tember 15, 1949, was ordered filed for future reference as it already has been published in oiu: official journal, "The Carpenter" for the information of our members.
Report of the Delegates to tlie Forty-Second Annual Convention of the Building and Construction Trades Department of the American Federation of Labor, held in St. Paul, Minnesota, in September, 1949, was filed for future reference as it has already been pub- lished in the November, 1949, issue of "The Carpenter" for the information of our members.
Report of the Delegates to tlie Sixty-Eighth Annual Convention of the American Feder- ation of Labor held in St. Paul, Minnesota, in October, 1949, was filed for future reference as it has already been published in the December, 1949, issue of "The Carpenter" for the information of our members.
Report of the Delegates to the Forty-First Annual Convention of the Union Label Trades Department of the American Federation of Labor, held in St. Paul, Minnesota, in September, 1949, was filed for future reference as it has been published in the January, 1950, issue of "The Carpenter" for the information of our members.
Renewal of burglary insurance policy on office furniture, fixtures and equipment at Headquarters, 222 East Michigan Street, Indianapolis, Indiana, in the amount of $10,000 through the United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company of Baltimore, Maryland, expiring October 1, 1952, was referred to our Legal Department.
Renewal of Burglary, Hold-up and Robbery Insurance— $5,000 Interior hold-up; $5,000 Messenger hold-up, and $15,000 Safe and burglary on safes in Headquarters' Building, 222 East Michigan Street, Indianapolis, Indiana, through the United States Fidelity and Guar- anty Company, Baltimore, Maryland, expiring September 12, 1952, was referred to our Legal Department.
Renewal of Bond on General Treasurer, S. P. Meadows, in tlie amount of $50,000 for one year expiring February 1, 1951, through the United States Fidelity and Guaranty Com- pany of Baltimore, Maryland, was referred to our Legal Department.
The General President appointed the following committee to inspect the rooms of the Home:
Arthur Martel Roland Adams He also appointed the following on the inspection of stocks and supplies:
M. A. Hutcheson Charles Johnson, Jr. Balance of tlie members of tlie Board to audit tlie books and accounts of the Home. Belleville, Ont., Canada, L. U. 572.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25 to $1,50 per hour, efPective March 23, 1950. Official sanction granted, witliout financial aid.
Colimibus, Ind., L. U. 1155.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.65 to $2.00 per hour, effective April 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Fort William, Ont., Canada, L. U. 1669.-Movement for an increase in wages from $1.46 to $1.65 per hour, effective April 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, \\ithout finan- cial aid.
Februar>' 21, 1950
The General President reported the action of the Executive Council of tlie American Federation of Labor concerning the proposed reaffiliation of the Machinists' International Union witli the American Federation of Labor— giving in detail all that transpired in- cluding his position on the reaffiHation. The General Executi\e Board appro\ed of his position by unanimous action.
Request of President Hayes of the International Association of Machinists for a con- ference witii the Brotherhood was placed before die General Executive Board by the General President and was considered. M. A. Hutcheson, First General \'ice-President, O. Wm. Blaier, Board Member of the Second District and Harry Schwarzer, Third Dis-
22 THECARPENTEK
trict, were appointed as Committee to confer with Committee of the International Associa- tion of Machinists.
Resolutions from Local Union 106, Des Moines, Iowa and Local Union 218, Boston, Massachusetts, endorsed by several Local Unions of tlie Brotlierhood, were brought to the attention of tlie Board, likewise amendments to tlie General Constitution, submitted by Local LInion 854, Cincinnati, Ohio and Local Union 132, Washington, D. C, were considered.
It was decided tliat these Local Unions be notified tliat the suggested changes to tlie General Constitution were considered by tlie General Executive Board and tliat same A^all be referred to the Constitution Committee who will report to the next General Conven- tion.
It was further decided tliat all proposed amendments to the General Constitution will be published in our journal, "The Carpenter" after tlie Juh' 15tli date preceding tlie Con- vention.
It was suggested that inasmuch as se^•eral Local Unions are desirous of a change being made in our General Constitution in reference to tlie pension, tliat a committee of the Board be appointed to work out something understandable and comprehensive and report to the next General Convention tlieir recommendations.
The General President stated, tliere being no objections the minutes will show that at this meeting of the Board a committee of tlie Board was selected to make a sur\'ey of tlie situation as affecting payment of tlie pension and compile a report to be submitted to the next General Convention.
Board Members Charles Johnson, Jr., O. \Ym. Blaier. of tlie First and Second Districts respectively, were appointed as a Committee to work in conjunction witli M. A. Hutclie- son. First General Vice-President.
New Haven, Conn., L. U. 79.— Movement for an increase in wages from S2.10 to S2.35 per hour, effective April 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Point Pleasant, W. Va., L. U. 1159.— Movement for an increase in wages from $2.00 to $2.25 (Carpenters) and $2.12y2 to $2.37V2 (Millwrights and Pile Drivers) per hour, effec- tive April 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
February 22, 1950
A Protest from Local Union 80, Chicago, Illinois against the decision of the Chairman of the Chicago District Council in declaring tlie proposition of increasing tlie per capita tax payable to tlie District Council from 10c to 20c per member per month as being carried was read. The reply by the General President, dated December 1, 1949, wherein he conc^urred in the action taken by tlie District Council was also read. A motion pre- vailed that the action of tlie General President be sustained. Unanimously carried.
Resolution from Twin Cit\' Carpenters District Council, St. Paul, Minnesota dealing N^-itli the lOOtli anniversary of tlie birth of Samuel Gompers, and also the late Franklin D. Roose\-elt, witli the suggestion tliat their names be inscribed in tlie Hall of Fame.
The Board concurred in said resolution.
The Board's attention was called to tlie membership application of Walter E. Wiggins to Local Union 1867, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada wherein he answered in tlie aflfirma- tive to the questions, "Are you a Communist?" and also, "Are you in s>-nipatli>- with com- munistic philosophy?"
Reply of Local Union 1867 to an inquir\- regarding this was read wherein tliey stated this seemed to be correct.
On January 26, 1950, Second General \'ice-President, John R. Stevenson repHed to Local Union 1867 directing tliem to strike the name of ^\"alter E. Wiggins from the mem- bership list of Local Union 1867.
Motion prevailed that the letter written by tlie Second General Vice-President be approved. Carried unanimously.
A communication from Local Union 1073, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania soliciting finan- cial and moral assistance for the Histadrut was presented to tlie Board, and after dis- cussion it was moved and carried that tlie matter be left in tlie hands of the General President. Carried.
Communication from Harr,- F. Morton of Kaiser Engineers, Division of Kaiser Indus- tries Incorporated, Oakland, California, enclosing a copy of proposed international agree-
THE CARPENTER 23
ment was read. After due consideration, the Board came to the conclusion tliat our pres- ent international agreement which has been in existence for many years has proven very satisfactory to the employers who are signatory to the agreement. The Board decided there would be no change in our international agreement and any construction emplo>-er desiring an international agreement would be required to sign the present agreement.
Haverhill, Mass., L. U. 82.— Movement for an increase in wages from Si. 75 to .$2.00 per hour, effective April 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Bozeman, Montana, L. U. 557.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.80 to $2.00 per hour, effective May 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Claries Summit, Pa., L. U. 339.— Movement for an increase in wages from S1.50 to $2.00 per hour, effecti^■e April 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Glasgow, Mont., L. U. 1211.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1..50 to $2.00 per hour, effective April 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Monmouth, 111., L. U. 126.5.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to $1.75 per hour, effective April 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Elyria, Ohio, L. U. 1426.— Mo\ement for an increase in wages from $2.25 to S2.50 per hour, effecti\e April 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
February 23, 1950
Appeal of Lloyd Raduenz, Ervin Raduenz and Wilbur Raduenz, members of Local Union 2144, Los Angeles, California, against tlie decision of the General President in their case versus the Los Angeles District Council, Los Angeles, California, was brought to the attention of the Board and carefully considered, after which the decision of the General President was sustained unanimously, on the grounds set forth therein, and the appeal dismissed.
Appeal of Frank A. Callioun, a member of Local Union 1849, Pasco, W'^ashington, against the decision of the General President in his case versus the Portland District Coun- cil, Portland, Oregon, was brought to the attention of the Board and carefully considered after which the decision of the General President was sustained unanimousl}^, on the grounds set forth therein, and the appeal dismissed.
Appeal of Lloyd Westlake, a member of Local Union 25, Los Angeles, California, against the decision of the General President in the case of he, Lloyd Westlake versus Los Angeles District Council was carefully considered, after which the decision of tlie General President was sustained, and the appeal dismissed.
Communication from Pacific Coast Coimcil of Pile Drivers, Bridge, Dock and Wharf Builders, San Francisco, California requesting a charter for the Council abo\e named was read.
Under the provisions of the Constitution, the granting of charters comes under direc- tion of tlie General President, and, therefore, the General Executive Board referred same to the General President for disposition.
A petition of millwrights in area of tlie Falls Cities District Council, Louisville, Ken- tucky, protesting the denial of a millwright charter by the First General Mce-President was presented to tlie Board.
A motion prevailed to sustain the action of tlie First General Vice-President.
A communication, dated December 28, 1949, by the Local Union 638, Morristown, New Jersey was submitted to the Board wherein they requested restoration of their former jurisdictional territory.
The Board decided they could see no reason why they should change tiieir previous action in sustaining the jurisdictional lines of Local Union 638 as defined by tiie General President.
Audit of books and accounts commenced.
February 24, 1950
Appeal of Local Union 1980, Atchison, Kansas, from the decision of tlie General Treas- urer in disapproving the disability claim of Fred B. Clark, a member of said Local Union, was considered and the decision of the General Treasurer was unanimously sustained.
Appeal of Local Union 94, Providence, Rhode Island, from die decision of the General Treasurer in disapproving the claim of Brother Joseph Melancon for wife funeral dona- tion was considered, after which a motion prevailed that the claim be referred back to tlie General Treasurer for further investigation. Unanimously carried.
(Continued on page 27)
Editorial
Increasing Productivity Is Shrinking Jobs
Currently most newspapers and radio commentators are lambasting the government over the surplus fann commodity situation. They are giving the administi-ation both barrels over the fact that millions of bushels of potatoes are being ruined with kerosene and millions of dozens of eggs and tons of butter and cheese are being allowed to spoil naturally in government ware- houses and caves. The government paid out good tax money to buy these farm items so that high prices could be maintained. Now there seems to be nothing to do with them other than to let them spoil.
That people should be alarmed over such a situation is only natural. How- ever, as we see it, farm surplus is only one phase of a huge, overall problem that needs solving in short order. The big problem is increasing productivity. On the farm and in the city, higher productivity is creating a situation that can and will mean trouble eventually unless fast action is forthcoming. Dur- ing 1949, output of goods and services in the United States amounted to nearly 260 billion dollars. Roughly that figure was about the same as the figure for 1948. The catch is that it took three per cent fewer workers in 1949 to produce the same amount of goods and services that was turned out in 1948. In other words, three workers out of a hundred were fighting unem- ployment lines in 1949 while the other ninety-seven were turning out the same amount of goods 100 workers turned out in 1948. The upward trend in pro- ducti\dt>' is as noticeable on the fann as it is in the factor>^ Ever since 1947 the nymber of workers on our farms has been dwindling, yet total produc- tion has been increasing slightly.
Unemployment figures tell the story more graphically than any other thing. In February, the total number of unemployed climbed to 4,700.000, the high- est figure since the start of the war; this despite the fact that the nation was still enjoying a comparative boom. A substantial part of this unemployment must be charged to increased productivity. Labor-saving devices have been going into business at a brisk clip. These machines are now showing a marked influence on unemployment figures as fewer men or less time are needed to turn out goods or services. An expert estimates that higher productivit}' threw a minimum of three quarters of a milhon workers on to the unemployed roles during the last year. During the same time, some 600,000 new workers entered the labor market. Added together, these two groups accounted for a sub- stantial percentage of the million and a half increase in unemployed.
The picture is not to pretty. Yet it has its brighter side too. The number of men and women working is still at the highest point it has ever been for any year in our history except a couple of the extraordinary war years. Sav- ings are still high. The accumulated backlog of demand for goods of all kinds is still strong. Most lines of business are thriving. Prospects for continued good times seem encouraging. If it were not for the problem of shrinking em-
THE CARPENTER 25
ployment opportunities brought about by higher productivity there would be hardly a cloud on the horizon.
However, each year some 600,000 young men and women enter the labor market in search of their first jobs. If industry cannot find jobs for these new recruits; or worse, if industry already has on its hands large numbers of sea- soned workers whose jobs have been wiped out by higher productivity, a critical situation is bound to arise sooner or later.
Yet basically high productivity is nothing to fear. As a matter of fact it is and always has been a major objective in American industry. Higher pro- ductivit}^ to a great degree accounts for the great standard of living achieved by the American people. More and better goods at a cheaper price mean better living for everybody. But increased productivity must be balanced off by better wages, which in turn mean greater purchasing power; shorter hours; and cheaper prices. These are the three things which must be brought to bear on the present unhappy situation wherein productivity is leading to un- employment. Lower prices can increase the demand for all kinds of goods. Higher wages can increase purchasing power. Shorter hours can increase the number of jobs. Will industry recognize the need for these reforms? Possibly. Some magazines and writers are already warning industry that trouble lies ahead if job opportunities are not kept in line with demand. Let us hope their warnings are heeded.
Re-Assay the Federal Tax Structure
Speaking through an organization known as the National Committee for Repeal of Wartime Excise Taxes, a group of representative business men have asked Congress to cut present excise taxes by three billion dollars.
Actually, what should be done is to cut out all excise and sales taxes- period. This is because they are "upside-down" taxes, and as such are inequit- able and diametrically opposed to the principle of ability to pay. Like rain, excise and sales taxes fall on all alike, rich, poor and middle class. Where they cover daily necessities, rather than definite luxuries, such as food, clothing, amusements, tobacco and liquors used by many millions of people, they are grossly unfair because they take a much larger proportionate bite into the poor man's wage than into the rich man's income. A rich man may only spend five per cent of his income for food, while the poor man pays out 50 per cent or better.
We believe that the federal government should derive the bulk of its revenues from graduated taxes on business profits, personal incomes, gifts and inheritances, and capital gains. That is the fair way to levy taxes!
The 81st Congress has no excuse whatever for refusing to plug up many and large loopholes in the present laws whereby corporations in some indus- tries and the ultra-rich escape paying a fair and proportionate tax on their earnings and incomes. Along with these overdue adjustments, Congress should give the tax collection agencies the facilities and manpower to collect tliese taxes and vigorously hunt down tax dodgers.
26 THE CARPENTER
The time has come to re-assay the entire federal tax structure. It must have the double purpose of eliminating inequalities, devising fair methods for distributing the tax load, and make these le\"ies easier to collect and as diflBcult as possible to evade.
But at the same time nothing should be left undone to reorganize the agen- cies and functions of the federal government to gi^"e us most efficient and eco- nomical operation.
It would be well for Congress to press for this tax study at the earliest pos- sible time. The present cumbersome and inequitable tax system is a sword of Damocles hanging o\"er our present economy.— St. Louis Labor Tribune.
The Time Is Past Due
^^^len the coal operators and the United Mine Workers reached an agree- ment last month, one of the bitterest strikes of recent years was brought to a close. There ha\"e been longer strikes, and there have been strikes involving more men, but there has never been a strike in which more organized vitupera- tion and abuse were heaped on a group of working men. The press and the radio pulled out all the stops in damning Lewis and the miners. Economic breakdown, hunger, pestilence, and chaos were all things that the papers saw as more than imminent if the strike was not checked by cossack methods. Toda)- the strike has been over only a few weeks. All the hysteria the news- papers whipped up o\'er the imminent doom that the strike supposedly pre- saged is forgotten. A simple settlement was worked out betvveen the operators and the miners, a settlement that could have been worked out months sooner had not the operators pinned their hopes on the Taft-Hartley Law.
It was the Taft-Hartley Law which precipitated the strike in the first place. The Taft-Hartley Law pre^■ented normal collective bargaining during the strike and delayed the settlement that was finally reached. For months before the strike the mine owners climbed on their high horse and made no effort to bargain seriously and honestly on the issues presented by the Miners. They placed all their hopes on the Taft-Hartle\' Law. A pliant judge could slap some mean injunctions on the union in case of a strike. Within the Law were vehicles for emptying union treasuries and even sending union leaders to jail in case of a protracted strike. No wonder the owners felt secure.
But they overlooked the tenacity of the miners. The strike came and the miners hung together. Neither threats nor sweet promises could budge them. Wlien it became apparent to the owmers that the Taft-Hartley Law was not going to tear the union asunder, a settlement was soon reached. The strike and its settlement ha^•e dramatically pro^■ed what labor has always contended; namely, that the Taft-Hartley Law does not pre\ent strikes; it provokes them. Instead of halting strikes it prolongs them. Any way you look at it, the Taft- Hartley Law has proved itself to be as stupid as it is \dcious. The time for erasing it from the statute books is long past due.
THE CARPENTER 27
(Continued from page 23)
Appeal of Local Union 1804, Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, Canada from the decision of the General Treasurer in disapproving the claim for funeral donation of William Henderson Lemon for the reason that he was not in benefit standing at the time of death was con- sidered, after which a motion prevailed that the action of the General Treasurer be sus- tained, which carried unanimously.
Appeal of Local Union 393, Camden, New Jersey from the decision of the General Treasurer in disapproving the claim for funeral donation of Albert M. Hanum was con- sidered. It was decided that the claim be referred back to the General Treasurer for further investigation.
Appeal of Local Union 43, Hartford, Connecticut, from the decision of the General Treasurer in disapproving the death claim of Thomas C. LeBlanc, a member of said Local Union, was referred back to the General Treasurer.
Audit of books and accounts continued.
February 25, 1950
The General Executive Board, the various officers and Business Representatives of the Florida State Council of carpenters met jointly at the New Florida Hotel, Lakeland, Florida, to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the birth of Samuel Gompers, first Presi- dent of the American Federation of Labor.
Frank Duffy, Secretary Emeritus, who was the principal speaker, pointed out the struggle of the early days of the Federation; he having served as a delegate to the A. F. of L. conventions for 47 consecutive years.
He also mentioned General President Hutcheson had attended for 35 consecutive years.
Brief addresses were also given by the members of the General Executive Board.
February 27, 1950 Since the last meeting of the General Executive Board, correspondence was exchanged between representatives of former Local Union 634 and the General Office, which we here- with quote:
NIGHT LETTER
January 13, 1950 Wm. L. Hutcheson Dear Sir and Brother:
On Wednesday, January lltli, Local 634 passed a motion empowering its Executive Board to negotiate a settlement with the General Office. We contacted Brothers Muir and Lehman and offered to settle on the terms presented by the General Executive Board at the Chicago meeting. Brothers Muir and Lehman refused to discuss it witli us. We are sending you this communication to urge that you instruct representatives to meet with us to immediately settle the matter of Local 634.
Lester J. McCormick For the Executive Board
January 17, 1950 Lester J. McCormick
The General Executive Board will convene in Lakeland, Florida February 22nd. If you wish to send a committee with full power to act the Board will give you a hearing at that time.
M. A. Hutcheson
For the General President
January 23, 1950 Mr. Wilham L. Hutcheson General President ; U. B. C. and J. of A. Carpenters Building 222 East Michigan Street Indianapolis, Indiana 'Dear Sir and Brother:
We are confident the controversy between Local 634 and the Brotlierhood can be
|) settled out of Court on February 22nd to the mutual satisfaction of all parties concerned.
Therefore, we are again requesting that you act favorably on the recommendation of
your Los Angeles Attorney in regards to a continuance of the pending litigation, and release
of enough funds tliat are now held up by restraining order, to enable tlie committee from
28 THE CARPENTER
Local 634 to make the trip to Lakeland, Florida to meet with the General Executive Board on February 22, 1950.
Fraternally yours, /s/ Lester J. McCormick
For the Committee
January 30, 1950 Lester J. McCormick 7315 S. San Pedro St. Los Angeles, California
Your communication of the twenty-third ult. has been fonvarded to me here in Miami where I am at the present time attending a meeting of the Executive Council of the American Federation of Labor. Inasmuch as you and yoiur associates was responsible for filing the pending litigation that you are desirous of having postponed would say that you could easily have that done by filing a dismissal and make your arrangements to appear before the General Executive Board. WLHG Wm. L. Hutcheson
M. A. Hutcheson New Florida Hotel Lakeland, Florida
The committee from Local 634 will arrive in time to meet the General Executive Board, nine A. M., Wednesday, February 22nd.
L. J. McCormick
For the Committee
Carpenters' Home, Lakeland, Florida On February 23, 1950, Lester J. McCormick, James T. Allen and Thomas Bankhead,
all of Los Angeles, California, appeared before the General Executive Board and oflFered
purported credentials, with power to act, as delegates elected by purported members of
fonner Local Union No. 634.
Upon suggestion of the General President that they state their questions or proposals i
in writing the aforementioned retired and submitted the following: i
"These are supplementary questions the Committee would like the Board to consider in conjunction with the ten points of the Chicago meeting.
The membership of Local 634 feels very strongly about points No. ► 1 & 2. And we wish tlie Board would consider them favorably.
1. Elections of officers. We would like for the Board to consider for us to nominate and elect our own officers in an election under the Con- stitution.
2. There would be no reprisals against any member of Local 634 for anything that has happened during this controversy or anything that may come up later because of it.
3. All court cases to be dismissed, both parties paying their own costs.
4. In the event of an amalgamation, on what basis would the Board con- sider it."
The General Executive Board, having considered the above requests, finds that ample opportunity has been granted heretofore to said former Local Union No. 634 to retain membership in the United Brotherhood by complying with the Constitution and Laws of the Brotlierhood, and tliat no favorable consideration can be given to any oral or written requests presented by its alleged representatives.
The General Executive Board has heretofore endeavored to avoid working any hard- ship on former members of former Local Union 634 who desired to remain loyal to the Brotherhood by granting them tiie privilege of retaining their status with the Brotherhood. A large majority of the members of former Local Union 634 has made application and received clearance cards.
The General Executive Board has decided to extend tliis privilege to tliose who have not as yet obtained dieir clearance cards, and who are desirous of maintaining membership in tlie Brotherhood.
THE CARPENTER 29
This privilege is extended to March 31, 1950 for apphcations to be filed with the General President who is hereby granted full discretionary power to act favorably, or other- wise, as he deems advisable, on each application.
Edmonton, Alta., Canada, L. U. 1325.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1. 47^/2 to $1.55 per hour, effective April 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Terre Haute, Ind., L. U. 133.— Movement for an increase in wages from $2.10 to $2.35 per hour, effective April 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Concord, N. H., L. U. 538.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.65 to $2.00 per hour, effective May 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Columbia, Mo., L. U. 1925.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.87% to$2.00 per hour, effective April 15, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Dyersburg, Tenn., L. U. 2373.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25 to $1.50 per hour, effective March 16, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Audit of books and accounts continued.
February 28, 1950
Appeal of Charles J. Bercher, a member of Local Union 228, Pottsville, Pennsylvania, from the decision of tlie General Treasurer, on his claim for disability donation was care- fully considered. It was decided that Local Union 228 be notified that the appeal was given consideration and due to extenuating circumstances set forth in the correspondence that the claim be referred back to the General Treasurer to hold in abeyance to see what develops, and see whether the prospective operation will be beneficial or not, or at some time in the future he will be totally disabled.
Appeal from the decision of the General Treasurer in the claim of Morris Tauber, deceased, of Local Union 608, New York City, in allowing an amount of $150.00 per Section 49-D of our General Constitution as tlie decedent was over fifty years of age when initiated. A motion prevailed that the action of the General Treasurer be sustained and tlie appeal dismissed.
Appeal of Local Union 956, New York, New York, from the decision of the General Treasurer in disapproving the disability claim of Anthony Tramintano, a member of said Local Union, was after due consideration referred back to tlie General Treasurer for further information; particularly as to when the applicant for disability first received medical attention, and what has been done since that time.
Appeal of Local Union 1920, Mineral Wells, Texas, from the decision of the General Treasurer in disapproving the claim for funeral donation of the late W. R. Craig for tlie reason he was not in benefit standing at the time of death, was considered and the action of the General Treasurer was sustained.
Appeal of Local Union 195, Peru, Illinois, from the decision of the General Treasurer in disapproving the claim for funeral donation of Margaret Hocking, wife of Lewis Hock- ing, a member of said Local Union, for the reason that he was not in benefit standing at tlie time of her death, was considered and the decision of the General Treasurer sustained.
Appeal of Local Union 534, Burlington, Iowa, from the decision of the General Treas- urer in disapproving the claim for funeral donations of Fred Roxlau for die reason tliat he was not in benefit standing at the time of death was carefully considered, after which a motion prevailed that the action of the General Treasurer be sustained.
Appeal of Local Union 2808, Areata, California, from tlie decision of tlie General Treasurer in allowing the amount of $150.00 in the case of Laniour Wm. Ewell for funeral donations was considered. A motion prevailed that tiie action of the General Treasurer be sustained. Unanimously carried.
Kane, Pa., L. U. 545.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.37y2 to $1.75 per hour, effective May 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Nashville, Tenn., L. U. 507.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.80 to $2.10 per hour, effective June 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Sterling, 111., L. U. 695.-Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective April 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Davenport, la., L. U. 726.-Movement for an increase in wages from $1.30 to $1.45 per hour, effective May 19, 1950. Official sanction granted, witliout financial aid.
30 THE CARPENTER
Muscatine, la., L. U. 1069.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective April 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
March 1, 1950 A telegram from Harry C. Herman, representing the Radio Corporation of America was read in protest to the additional excise tax of 10% on all television sets and solicit the General Executive Board to adopt a resolution to support their protest. After duly considering same the Board concurred in their protest and resolution was drafted, which reads as follows:
WHEREAS, the Congress of the United States saw fit to impose heavy
excise taxes on many commodities during the ^var as a means of raising revenue and discouraging the purchase of non- essential items, and
WHEREAS, such a tax may have served a useful purpose during the
war, and
WHEREAS, now that tlie war is over such burdensome taxes work a real
hardship in many ways by reducing pin-chasing power, handicapping struggling new industries, reducing job oppor- tunities, etc., and
WHEREAS, all these things are harmful to otu: economy and not condu-
cive to a stable and continuous prosperit>',
THEREFORE The General Executive Board of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, now in session, went on record as being in fa\or of a reduction of all excise taxes now in existence, and also \oiced their opposition to the placing of new excise taxes on new products or commodities.
The General Executive Board when considering the matter of making arrangements for the coming General Convention, which will be held early in September, came to the conclusion that owing to the large number of Local Unions in tlie Brotherhood and un- doubtedly the large number of delegates who will be elected, it would expedite the arrangements to a great extent by having the delegates elected in the months of April and May instead of June and July; the names of tlie delegates elected to be in the General Office not later than June 15, 1950.
In compiling the General Constitution after the last referendum vote there was an oversight in reference to changing Paragraph E, Section 18 to conform and define the eUgibility of a member to represent the Brotherhood as outlined in Section 31, Paragraph D, tlierefore, the rule pre\'ailing in reference to the eligibility of a member to be elected as a delegate to the General Convention shall be as set forth in Section 31, Paragraph D of the General Constitution, defining the eligibility of a member to be elected or selected as an officer of a Local Union.
The Convention Call was drafted and approved and to be issued without delay to the Local Unions of the United Brotherhood.
It was decided by the General Executive Board that because of the size of the organi- zation, advance committees, as provided for in the General Constitution be increased to fifteen members. The matter of arranging for program for opening of convention, as well as invitations to speakers was left in the hands of the resident General Officers.
The General President appointed Board Members A. Muir, Sixth District R. Adams, Fourth District R. E. Roberts, Fifth District to draft the reports of the General Executive Board and the Board of Trustees for sub- mission to the Twenty-Sixth General Convention.
Audit completed and all transactions found correct.
The General Executive Board met as Board of Trustees and the minutes were approved.
The Certified Pubfic Accountants examined the securities held by the General Treasurer in the Vaults of the Indiana National Bank, Indianapolis, Indiana and their report as of December 31, 1949, shows the following:
|
THE CARPENTER |
31 |
|||
|
GENERAL FUND |
||||
|
Purchased: |
Due: |
|||
|
December 1, 1942 |
$1,000,000.00 |
U. S. Treasury |
2%s |
1963-68 |
|
April 15, 1943 |
1,000,000.00 |
U. S. Treasury |
2%s |
1964-69 |
|
September 14, 1943 |
500,000.00 |
U. S. Treasury |
2%s |
1964-69 |
|
November 20, 1945 |
1,000,000.00 |
U. S. Treasury |
2y4s |
1959-62 |
|
September, 1941 |
50,000.00 |
U. S. Series G |
2%s |
1953 |
|
January, 1942 |
50,000.00 |
U.S. Series G |
2%s |
1954 |
|
August, 1942 |
50,000.00 |
U. S. Series G |
2y2s |
1954 |
|
May, 1945 |
100,000.00 |
U. S. Series G |
2y2s |
1957 |
|
20,000.00 |
U. S. Series G |
2y2s |
1957 |
|
|
September, 1948 |
25,000.00 |
U. S. Treasviry Notes (Held in New York) |
iy4s |
1950 |
|
December 1, 1948 |
500,000.00 |
U. S. Treasury Notes (Held in New York) |
iy4s |
1950 |
|
December 1, 1948 |
200,000.00 |
U. S. Treasury |
iy4s |
1950 |
December, 1941 August, 1942 June, 1948
December, 1941 January, 1942 October, 1942 January, 1943 May, 1945 June, 1943 December, 1942 April, 1943 September, 1943 December, 1948
June, 1948
Pvtfchased:
March 31. 1944 March, 1933 1944
August, 1946
June, 1948
June, 1949
(Held
Notes in New York)
DEFENSE FUND
50,000.00
50,000.00
105,000.00
HOME AND
$ 50,000.00
50,000.00
50,000.00
50,000.00
100,000.00
300,000.00
500,000.00
100,000.00
500,000.00
500,000.00
140,000.00
U. S. Series G
U. S. Series G
U. S. Treasury
Notes
(Held in New York)
PENSION FUND
U. S. Series G U. S. Series G U. S. Series G U. S. Series G U. S. Series G U. S. Treasure' U. S. Treasury U. S. Treasury U. S. Treasury U. S. Treasiury Notes
(Held in New York)
U. S. Treasur)'
Notes
(Held in New York)
GENERAL FUND (CANADA)
$ 107,000.00 50,000.00 50,000.00
100,000.00
100,000.00
100,000.00
Canadian Bonds Canadian Bonds Canadian Victory
Bonds Canadian \^ictory
Bonds Canadian Victory
Bonds Dominion of Canada
2y2s
2%s
iy4s
2y2s 2y2s 2y2s 2y2s 2y2s lyss 2y2s 2y2s 2y2s lyis
iy4s
3s 4s
3s
l%s
3s
1953 1954 1950
1953
1954
1954
1955
1957
1950
1963-68
1964-69
1964-69
1950
1950
Due:
1959 1960 1956
1950
1958
1966
There being no further business to be acted upon the Board adjourned to meet at tlie call of the Chainnan.
Respectfully submitted,
ALBERT E. FISCHER
Acting Secretary
Not lost to those that love them, Not dead, just gone before;
j^ tn tf V X sc xn
They still live in our memory. And will forever more
%tBi in ^tntt
Thm Editor ham been requested to publish the nanxem •f the following Brothers who have passed away.
HOWARD ABELL, L. U. 983, Detroit, Mich. JOSEPH ALBERTS, L. U. 1748, Appleton, Wis. PAUL ARNDT, L. U. 1149, Oakland, Cal. GEO. W. BEASLEY, L. U. 388, Richmond, Va. EDMOND J. BEAULIEU, L. U. 21, Chicago, 111. ELIAS BENSON, L. U. 808, Brooklyn, N. Y. LUDWIG BERG, L. U. 824, Muskegon, Mich. JAMES F. BLAKENEY, L. U. 132, Washington,
D. C. J. A. BLAKKE, L. U. 25, Los Angeles, Cal. OTTO BRIETBECK, L. U. 747, Oswego, N. Y. E. J. BROD, L. U. 213, Houston, Tex. WILLIE M. BROOKS, L. U. 2183, Tupelo, Miss. E. BUSBY, L. U. 25, Los Angeles, Cal. FREDERICK J. BUTSCH, L. U. 11, Cleveland,
Ohio JOHN BYRNE, L. U. 1367, Chicago, 111. SYDNEY G. CARPENTER, L. U. 1230. Franklin,
A. CARTER, L. U. 25, Los Angeles, Cal.
L. E. CHENEYWORTH, L. U. 213, Houston,
Tex. WILLIAM CLARK, L. U. 871, Battle Creek,
Mich. ELBERT CLIFT, L. U. 226, Portland, Ore. W. A. COOPER, L. U. 61, Kansas City, Mo. CHAS. D. CORT, L. U. 61, Kansas City, Mo. FRANCIS J. CURRAN, L. U. 488, New York,
N. Y. JOHN W. DARNELL, L. U. 60, Indianapolis,
Ind. H. E. DEANE, L. U. 25, Los Angeles, Cal. ALFRED DION, L. U. 43, Hartford, Conn. GUS ECI2ZI, L. U. 1050, Philadelphia, Pa. G. L. FERGUSON, L. U. 1822, Ft. Worth, Tex. HENRY FISCHER, L. U. 301, Newburgh, N. Y. VINCENZO GENOVESE, L. U. 1050, Philadel-
MAT GERHARDS, L. U. 26, Portland. Ore. JOHN L. GLARUM, L. U. 948, Sioux City, la. HENRY H. GLASS, L. U. 1665, Alexandria, Va. GEO. GORTH, L. U. 25, Los Angeles. Cal.
E. J. GRABKE, L. U. 983, Detroit, Mich. WM. GULSDORF. L. U. 1784, Chicago, 111. DENNIS D. HALL, L. U. 1665, Alexandria, Va. JAMES HARINGTON, L. U. 56, Boston, Mass. J. H. HARTMAN, L. U. 213, Houston, Tex. S. F. HEAVNER, L. U. 1665, Alexandria, Va. ERNEST S. HEDSTROM, L. U. 948, Sioux City,
la. JAMES C. HENDERSON, L. U. 207, Chester, Pa.
F. HORVATH, L. U. 25, Los Angeles, Cal. R. B. HUGHES, L. U. 388, Richmond, Va. J. C. HUTTO, L. U. 1723, Columbus, Ga. LOUIS HYPES, L. U. 1665, Alexandria, Va. E. B. IHINGER, L. U. 388, Richmond, Va. EDGAR JENNINGS, L. U. 388, Richmond, Va. ANDERS JOHNSON, L. U. 1149, Oakland, Cal. CHARLES KAMRADT, L. U. 1367, Chicago, 111. GEORGE H. KELLEY, L. U. 51, Boston, Mass. FRANK KIMEL, L. U. 335, Grand Rapids, Mich. WILLIE WEAVER KINGSLEY, L. U. 2183,
Tupelo, Miss. J. F. KIONS, L. U. 990, Greenville, 111. FELIX KLIMSKI, L. U. 337, Detroit, Mich. JOSEPH P. KOHLER, L. U. 1387, Girardville,
Pa.
EMIL KORKMAN, L. U. 1149, Oakland, Cal.
JOHN KULTALA, L. U. 1149, OakIand,_Cal.
WILLIAM LAKE, L. U. 188, Yonkers, N. Y.
A. C. LARSEN, L. U. 103, Birmingham, Ala.
HERBERT LEPAGE, L. U. 337, Detroit, Mich.
AL. LIEBOLD, L. U. 1138, Toledo, Ohio
PETER LINDEMANN, L. U. 1784, Chicago, 111.
AUGUST LINDGREN, L. U. 948, Sioux City, la.
FREDERICK MACDONALD, L. U. 1230, Frank- lin, Mass.
JOHN R. MCJUNKIN, L. U. 213, Houston, Tex.
SAM MAID A, L. U. 1050, Philadelphia, Pa.
WILLIAM T. MANDERSON, L. U. 188, Yonkers, N. Y.
JOSEPH MARTIN, L. U. 4, Davenport, la.
HUGHE MATHESON, L. U. 25, Los Angeles, Cal.
BERT MILLER, L. U. 162, San Mateo, Cal.
JOHN MILLS, L. U. 40, Boston, Mass.
CHAS. MONTGOMERY, L. U. 60, Indianapolis, Ind.
BENJAMIN F. MOORE, L. U. 100. Muskegon, Mich.
THOMAS B. MULHERN, L. U. 794, Leominster, Mass.
HENRY MUNCK, L. U. 808, Brooklyn, N. Y.
JOSEPH NIEMCZYK, L. U. 1367, Chicago, 111.
THURE NORDGREN, L. U. 488, New York, N. Y.
CHARLES J. O'CONNOR, L. U. 132, Washing- ton, D. C.
L. OLAERTS, L. U. 25, Los Angeles, Cal.
PETER OLSHEWSKY, L. U. 51, Boston, Mass.
DAVID PATTON, L. U. 60, Indianapolis, Ind.
A. B. PENNY, Sr., L. U. 213, Houston, Tex.
DANIEL REED, L. U. 1138, Toledo, Ohio
PAUL REID, L. U. 60, Indianapolis, Ind.
FRANK RIDDLE, L. U. 335, Grand Rapids, Mich.
W. M. ROBERTSON, L. U. 388, Richmond, Va.
JOSEPH ROSS, L. U. 366, Bronx, N. Y.
NICHOLAS RUDI, L. U. 1050, Philadelphia, Pa.
HUGO SANTORA, L. U. 1230, Franklin, Mass.
WM. J. SASS, L. U. 916, Aurora, 111.
GEORGE SCHALK, L. U. 824, Muskegon, Mich.
PAUL W. SCHMIDT, L. U. 1260, Iowa City, la.
PHILIP SCHREINER, L. U. 60, IndUnapolis,; Ind.
JOSEPH SHAW, L. U. 2163, New York, N. Y.
FRED STERLING, L. U. 1367, Chicago, 111.
CHARLES STEVENS, L. U. 1441, Canonsburg, Pa. *
R. P. STIVERS, L. U. 25, Los Angeles, Cal. i
GEORGE S. TUCKER, L. U. 1130, Titusville, Pauf
H. L. VANDERGRIFF, L. U. 226, Portland, Ore^.i
CHISBERT VERHASSELT, L. U. 325, Paterson,' N. J.
HAROLD VERNER, L. U. 419, Chicago, 111. .
ELI H. WAKELEE, L. U. 127, Derby, Conn.
C. L. WARD, L. U. 61, Kansas City, Mo.
GEORGE J. WEBER, L. U. 1307, Evanston, HI.
PHILIP WENZ, L. U. 366, Bronx, N. Y.
E. J. WHITLOCK, SR., L. U. 388, Richmond, Va.
HOWARD A. WIGGINS, 213, Houston, Tex.
L. G. WILLIAMS, L. U. 1723, Columbus, Ga.
THE CARPENTER
ANSWERS TO "THE LOCKER"
S3
|
1. |
True. |
|
2. |
True. |
|
3. |
True. |
|
4. |
True. |
|
5. |
True. |
|
6. |
False. |
|
7. |
False. |
|
8. |
False. |
|
9. |
False. |
|
10. |
False. |
|
11. |
True. |
|
12. |
False. |
|
13. |
True. |
|
14. |
True. |
|
15. |
True. |
|
16. |
False. |
|
17. |
True. |
|
18. |
True. |
|
19. |
True. |
|
20. |
False. |
|
21. |
True. |
|
22. |
False. |
|
23. |
True. |
|
24. |
True. |
|
25. |
True. |
Used to mark for butt hinges.
The trade name is SKILSAW.
Usually rabbeted on outer edge.
Sheathing nailed on battens.
Pine is resinous.
Never more than half the length.
They help you lift the sash.
Straight cuts only.
Strap hinges are longer than T's.
It is 3%. inches long.
What! No plastic?
They run at right angles.
It is the central, spongy part.
As when boards are glued together.
It is the simplest joint.
It is the outer vertical part.
Ver>' much wider.
Technically it is the cross-bar.
The finish floor goes on top of it.
A No. 13 bit drills a 13/16" hole.
It is the front edge of the tread.
It has eight sides.
Also called a batten.
Seen any lately?
On the face. Called a fire cut.
|
26. |
False. |
|
27. |
True. |
|
28. |
False. |
|
29. |
False. |
|
30. |
False. |
|
31. |
True. |
|
32. |
True. |
|
33. |
False. |
|
34. |
False. |
|
35. |
True. |
|
36. |
False. |
|
37. |
False. |
|
38. |
True. |
|
39. |
False. |
|
40. |
False. |
|
41. |
False. |
|
42. |
True. |
|
43. |
True. |
|
44. |
False. |
|
45. |
True. |
|
46. |
False. |
|
47. |
False. |
|
48. |
True. |
|
49. |
True. |
|
50. |
True. |
No disputing that.
A V-shaped design.
A pilaster is usually flat.
Used in concrete forms.
It goes over the window.
The head projects.
It is the convex edge.
From a needle leaf tree.
Round heads, square necks.
It ought to be.
Round edge up (the crown).
Used lajang cut foundations.
Clockwise.
A mullion is vertical.
It is iron, concrete filled.
Usually used on doors.
^^'e^'e heard it called boxing.
Birch also.
It is a wall projection.
But not often enough.
Not around this way.
None that we ever saw.
The under side.
If you don't cut them short.
Tell that to the plasterers.
NOTE: This true or false method seems an unreliable test. To check on this theory a coin was tossed to arrive at the answers. Heads it's true. Tails it's false. Using this system 105 of 200 questions were marked right. This is a percentage of 52 plus. Which indicates that any person with absolutely no knowledge whatsoever of carpentry could answer half the questions correctly. With the help of Lady Luck and a rabbit's foot this could be upped to 75 % . Of course there is a practical test also. But if by guess works in one case, by golly might work in the other.
LOCAL 1625 GETS PAT ON BACK
The Editor:
This is my way of sa>'ing we Campfire Guardians of Prineville think the Carpenters of Local 1625 are a swell bunch of fellows.
When the call for individual group sponsors was given they were the first to take a
group (and, of course, I was the lucky one, it was my group).
As a sponsor, they give a campsliip each year to the girl I feel most worthy, give transportation, or any other assistance they are asked to do to help my Group of 16 girls.
When the need arose for storage cabinets for each group, I was asked if I thought my sponsors would help build them for all the groups. Did Local Union No. 1625 turn out the goods? \^"ell, we now have 2 cabinets, and I am surely proud to have them as my sponsor. When they finished, my group's mothers and I ser\'ed them pie and coffee. I am enclosing a snap I took of a few of the fellows, hope you can find room to print it in "The Carpenter" to show the boys of Local 1625 I mean it when I say thanks. I Sincerely, Mrs. Herbert Post, Guardian of tlie Chesk Cha May
\ Camp Fire Group.
CorrospondoncQ
This Journal Is Not Responsible for Views Expressed by Correspondents.
LABOR ACCORDS HIGH HONORS TO JAKE KALLER
Surrounded by his wife and family, a 71-year-old carpenter who has devoted the greater share of his life to unionism was accorded high honors December 17th by the Detroit labor movement.
Jake Kaller, revered business agent of Carpenters Local 1518, was guest of honor at a fete sponsored by his union and attended by local and national luminaries.
Speakers who paid tribute to the labor patriarch included Frank X. Martel, Sr., president of the Detroit and Wayne County Federation of Labor; C. C. Van Horn, general representative of the Carpenters' International Union; Vern Lough, secretary of the Carpenters' District Council, and Joseph Katz, president of Local 1513.
Finlay Allan, secretary of the Building Trades Council, served as master of ceremonies for tlie event, which was staged at Mayfair Caterers. Some 350 guests attended.
Clustered about Kaller at the head table were his wife, Clara, his seven step- children and two of his sons, Cye of Chicago and William of Glendale, Calif. A third son, Charles, of Tuscon, Ariz., who was unable to attend, was one of the some 35 persons who sent telegrams of congratulations on the occasion.
Kaller was presented a pen and pencil set by the Carpenters' District Council, a dia- mond ring by his family and a gift of cash by his local. He expressed his appreciation amid enthusiastic bursts of applause.
The Local 1513 B. A. has been active in the labor movement for nearly 40 years.
He was one of the pioneer organizers in the Detroit labor movement, assuming a r prominent role in blazing a trial through the wilderness of open shop and anti-labor drives | that confronted unionism in the early part of the century.
A TIMELESS CHRISTMAS STORY
March is a little late to be telling Christ- mas stories. Yet there is a Christmas story from Riverton, Wyoming, that is so heart- warming and so cheering that it is timeless. Newspapers and radio stations from coast to coast and in several foreign countries as well have carried it.
Two weeks before Christmas, the home of the Rufus Montgomery family, which lives on the reclamation project northeast of Riverton, was completely destroyed by fire. Everything they owned went up in smoke. No one ever faced a more dismal Yuletide than did the Rufus Montgomery family. However, it was not dismal for long. The local radio station started a campaign to get the family under a roof by December 25th. Local Union No. 1763, responded enthusiastically, as did much of the cotmtry. In a short while some $10,000 was raised. Working in bitter cold, members of the union doggedly plugged away at getting the new house up. In eight days the job was completed and the family moved in before Christmas— thanks to the generosity and neighborliness of the good people of Fremont County, and the public spiritedness of the members of Local 1763.
The people of the county are now raising a disaster fund to take care of such emer- gencies in the future.
THE CARPENTER
35
SON INSTALLS FATHER
Members of Local Union No. 248, Toledo, who were in attendance at tlie January 3rd meeting witnessed a somewhat unusual scene. At that meeting, O. C. Meinka, secretary of tlie Maumee Valley District Council, had tlie rare pri\ilege of installing his father as president of Local Union No. 248. Fathers have often installed their sons as officers of various local unions or councils but tlie instances in which sons have re\ersed the process are few and far between.
A. L. Meinka, tlie father, has been a member of Local Union 248 since it was chartered in 1941 and has rarely missed a meeting. Between them the Meinka's make a great tmion team. «
LOCAL UNION No. 595 IS PROUD OF GREAT OLD TIMER
Local Union No. 595, Lynn Massachusetts, is proud of its "Grand Old Man". He is ninety-seven year old George H. Murray who is still actively interested in the activities of Ills union. Bom on Prince Edward Island, Canada, of Scotch stock on January 17, 1853, Brotlier Murray moved to the United States at an early age. In 1889 he joined Local Union No. 108 at Lynn. Later this local consolidated with Local 688 to become 1041. A few years later, locals in Saugus and Nahant also consolidated w^ith 1041 to form Local Union No. 595 which has carried on ever since.
In his union career, Brotlier Murray has served as president of his local for eight years and recording secretary for twenty years. Despite his greatly advanced age, he still attends meetings whenever health permits him. For a number of years he has acted as installing oflBcer following e\'ery election. All through his union career he has been an able and wiUing worker for anything that helped tlie union; consequently the entire membership of Local Union No. 595 holds him in tlie highest esteem.
THE DALLES LOCAL GETS DESERVED PAT ON BACK
Recently the citizens of The Dalles, Oregon, read the following editorial in their local P^P^r- SHINING DEED
It wasn't much of a job for the carpenters and painters, but it meant a lot to Dow and Mary Ackley when these men repaired the broken house at Rowena.
The house was the one which was struck by a skidding car a week before Christmas, 1949. The front part of the house was torn open. Snow piled into what had been the best room. It was closed off, of course, dur- ing the cold weather but the house was draftier than before and elderly Dow and Mary had trouble keeping warm during the bitter cold spell. The movement to put the Ackley home back in "good-as-new" condition started in the local carpenters' union. It is a tribute to the members of that union that the project was begun and that their spirit was such as to inspire others to participate.
It was that sort of community effort, enterprise and kind-heartedness that adds up to a shining good deed in a world that is often too much absorbed in conflict or material things to pay much attention to elderly folks who live by the side of the road.
In those glowing words the paper paid tribute to the pubhc spiritedness of tlie officers and members of Local Union No. 1896 who were largely responsible for tlie rebuilding of the Ackley home. Aerie 2126 of the Eagles and Local Union No. 1126 of tlie Painters caught the spirit of the occasion and tlirough contributions from the former and \oluntar>' labor by the latter, the project was finished in jig time. By their cooperative efforts life was made considerably better for the old and honorable couple.
36 THE CARPENTER
NEWARK LOCAL HONORS OLD TIMERS
Essex House, Broad Street, Newark, N. J., was the scene of a happy occasion on tlie night of January 29th when Local Union No. 306, Newark, paid high tribute, in the form of a testimonial dinner, to retiring financial secretary John Manion and the sixty-six pen- sioned members of the Union. A large throng was on hand to make the evening a great success. Good food, fine speaking and a true feeling of brotherhood combined to make the evening one that will not soon be forgotten.
Brother John Manion served Local Union 306 as financial secretary for the past twenty- two years. During that time he has faithfully served the interest of his Union and helped
in every way he could to promote the lot of all nn n v.ho v oik fdi ,i li^ nig with their hands and brains. Only failing health could induce him to resign the office he has filled so capably for so long. Brother Manion has reached the respectable age of eighty-two.
Special guests at the dinner were the two oldest pensioned members from the seven other locals in Essex County and their wives. With so many grand old timers present many pleasant memories of the old days were relived.
•
SAYVILLE LOCAL CELEBRATES 50th BIRTHDAY
Members and wives of Local Union No. 412, Say^'ille, N. Y. celebrated the Fiftieth Anniversary of their union's founding on November 18, 1949, with a Dinner Dance at Kelly's Restaurant.
Honored guests of the evening were Brother John O'Donnell, Representative of the General,. Office; Brother Paul Blydenburg, President of the South Shore District Council; and Brother Edward Murtha, Business Agent of South Shore District Council.
After a wonderful turkey dinner. Brother William Steenland, Secretary-Treasurer of the South Shore District Council and Chainnan of the Dinner Committee, introduced the guests of the evening. Brother John O'Donnell offered an educational address on the trials and tribulations of the United Brotherhood from its origin to the present, also on the activities at the General Office. After the address Brother O'Donnell presented a Fifty Year Pin to Charter Member Brother Carl L. Bahr. Gifts were also presented to Brothers Leendert Kwaak, Financial Secretary; Thomas C. Jenkins, Treasurer; and Joseph L. Weigel, Recording Secretary; all of whom have served the Local in tlieir respective offices for twenty-five years or more.
After Brother O'Donnell's address there was a wonderful floor show which was put over under the supervision of a Brother from Patchoque Local, Master of Ceremonies Pat Sullivan. Dancing followed after the floor show.
All in all, everybody had a wonderful time.
•
LOCAL UNION No. 461 JOINS "GOLDEN CIRCLE"
To the distinguished list of Brotherhood locals which have completed fifty years of con- tinuous service must be added the name of Local Union 461, Highland Park, 111. Organized right after the turn of the century, Local Union No. 461 on January 21st of this year cele- brated its fiftieth birthday with a fine dinner and social evening at the Labor Temple in Highland Park. A large turnout was on hand to enjoy the festivities.
Stanley Johnson, secretary-treasurer of the Chicago District Council, acted as master of ceremonies. Speaker of the evening was John R. Stevenson, Second General Vice-President, whose career in the Illinois labor movement extends back over many, many years. Other
THE CARPENTER
37
special guests included Asgar Andmp, vice-president of the Chicago District Council; Ted Kenney and Charles Thompson, business ^epresentati^•es of the Council, and Jack Shaw, president of the Lake County Building Trades Council.
A great floor show composed of many of the finest acts in the business rounded out the entertainment, following which the Casino Boys furnished toe-tickling music for dancing. The party lasted well into the night and the concensus of opinion was that it was one of the best parties in a long time. «
LOCAL 133 PRESENTS CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION
Leo Davis, first carpenter apprentice to complete his apprenticeship under the appren- ticeship program administered jointly by the Associated General Contractors and Local Union No. 133, is presented a certificate from the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America by International Repre- sentative, C. A. Shuey, and a certificate from the Federal Committee on Apprenticeship, U. S. Department of Labor, by E. J. Wilson, Field Representative, Bureau of Apprentice- ship, U. S. Department of Labor, at a special meeting of Local Union No. 133 held on December 29, 1949, Terre Haute, Indiana.
First row, left to right, E. J. Wilson, Leo Davis, C. A. Shuey.
Rear row, left to right, Ralph Hawkins, Fred Mason, Charles Richardson, and Walter Wag- ner, members of the apprenticeship commit- tee of Carpenters Local No. 133.
AT UNION CITY'S 50TH BIRTHDAY PARTY
Pictured above, helping Local Union No. 299, Union Cit>', N. J., celebrate its Golden Anniversary are: Business agent A. Beck, Hudson County; General Representative R. Rajoppi; charter members J. Guyer and J. Truncillito; F. McAndrews, chairman of the committee; and business agent H. Cook, Hudson County.
Middle row: T. Bifano, delegate to the District Council; R. Stanton, vice-president; Val. Hitchler, trustee; A. J. White, financial secretary; H. Maisch, trustee; and Wm. Grueninger, treasurer.
Seated: B. Mattiello, trustee; A. Jacobson, conductor; E. Jacobson, delegate to the District Council; H. E. Nelson, recording secretary; T. Teetsel, president; and H. Galmich, delegate to the District Council.
OMAH.\ AUXILL\EY ROUNDS OUT 18 ACTRT YEARS
The Editor:
Ladies Auxiliar>^ Xo. 250 Omaha, Xebraska. sends greetings to Sister AuxiUaries.
The Carpenters bought a building and remodeled it for offices and meeting halls. So we took o^•er furnishing the kitchen and as this \\ould take quite a sum of money we so- licited advertising for a dedication book. Besides paying all expenses connected with the project we were able to purchase a gas sto%"e, Frigidaire, enough dishes and sih^er to seT\^e a hundred, and necessary kitchen utensils.
We celebrate our 18th anniversarv' March 6th so are having a pot luck supper March 4tli for members, husbands and invited guests. We will use our new equipment for tlie first time.
We are planning a dedication and dinner around the first of April, ^^'e have about 200 members; four are charter members. One of tlie charter members is our President, Mrs. Ben Bachmann.
We are charter members of tlie State Council of Carpenters, affiliated with the State Federation of Labor, also Union Label League and Labor's League for Political Education.
Camille Butler « Press Correspondent
WILLOWS AUXILL\RY YOUNG BUT ACTRE
The Editor:
Hello to all our Sister Auxiliaries from Auxiliary Xo. 537 of \Mllows, Calif.
We are just a small group not yet a year old but we are planning for more members as time goes by.
We meet the first and third Tuesday of each month, sewing refreshments once each montli.
In September, we had a picnic; in Xovember, we held a Thanksgiving dinner diat was well attended by the Carpenters and tlieir famiUes. At Christmas, we had refreshments and an exchange of gifts.
We have earned money by selling chances, holding white elephant auctions and grab bags. We plan now to make a set of dish towels to be auctioned oflF and plan later on making a few quilts.
We would like to hear from other Sister Auxiliaries and exchange letters and ideas.
Fraternally,
Ina Cossins, Recording Secretary.
BREMERTON LADIES SPONSOR DRILL TEAM
The Editor:
Ladies' Auxiliarj' X'o. 283 of Bremerton, \\'ash., sends friendly greetings to all Sister AuxiUaries.
We are now starting tlie year 1950 with several ways of increasing our funds. We have social meetings at our homes and on April 1st we plan a carni\'al with a bake goods sale, fancy work and ruumiage sale. Refreshments will be sensed. On December 15, we had our Cliristnias party, widi our husbands joining us for the social hour and the gift exchange. At that time, we each revealed tlie name of our secret sister.
We ha\e a Sunsliine committee and send cards and flowers to tiie sick.
Right now, we are busy practicing our drill team and making plans for the Convention.
Fraternally,
Ahce Jolmson, Recording Secretary.
Craft ProblQms
Carpentry
By H. H. Siegele LESSON 259
Sheeting and Plancier Bevels.— While the sheeting bevels for ordinary roofs are rare- ly marked with the square, there are times when tliis must be done. This is especially true on roofs tliat must have a perfectly straight hip line. It is also true with planci-. ers, which must have a perfectly straight hip line. It is also true with planciers, which must be cut to fit, and on hopper work of all kinds— for hoppers and hip roofs are framed on tlie same principle, but in reverse order.
Hip Roof.— Fig. 1, to tlie upper left, shows an elevation of a rafter flat hip roof. Di- rectly under it is shown a roof plan, which is 28 feet by 28 feet, with a 4x4-foot deck. To the right, by dotted lines, is shown the same size plan of tlie counter roof, a sort of imag- inap.' roof. The shaded and dotted-line
CouTiler Raof /
^N Plan y
: Fig. 1
squares indicate that the angles of these Dlans are perfect right angles, which is lecessary to make any hip roof framing vork out right.
The Counter Pitch.— Fig. 2 shows how tlie ; counter roof plan, or rather, the counter ,ntch, as shown in tliis diagram is obtained, iere the shaded square is in position for aying out the counter pitch, directly under I he roof, which is shown by dotted hnes. Co bring this up in line with the roof shown 0 the left, set the compass at the heel of tlie quare, or point c, and witli it swing point a round to point b, bring with it the hopper- haped outline, as shown. The dotted-line quare shows tliat tlie pitch in this position
would have the same relationship to the pitch of the real roof as it had before, but in reverse order.
Obtaining Points for Bevels.— Fig. 3, to the left, shows a cross section of the roof shown in Fig. 2, What we want to find is
\
' , <— Counter Pikch --' \ \
Fig. 2
the points for marking the face be\'el for the sheeting. To do this, transfer the rafter length, c-a, to c-b, as shown by the dotted part-circle. Then apply the square in the position shown. Now to get the face bevel for the sheeting take the rafter length on the blade and the tangent on the tongue— the tangent gives the bevel. The process is
exactly the same on die counter pitch roof, shown to tlie right. The rafter lengtli and the tangent, as shown, will give the face bevel of the sheeting. For the edge bevel of the sheeting for tlie roof to the left, take the face bevel of the sheeting for the roof to the right, or vice versa.
40
THE CARPENTER
Bevels for Jacks and Sheeting.— Fig. 4
shows the flat hip roof shown in pre\"ious diagrams, as if it were separated at the hips and flattened out on a level floor. The two squares shown here are applied with the rafter length and the tangent shown in the diagram to the left in Fig. 3. The square to the left is applied to a sheeting board for marking the face be%-el— the tangent giv-
ing the bevel. The same points are used on the square shown to the right, for marking the edge bevel of the jack rafters, but the rafter length, not the tangent, gives the bevei. The sheeting board cut to the proper be\eis is shown to the extreme left.
Fig. 5 shows the counter pitch roof (two sides in part) flattened out. The square to the left is applied to a sheeting board, using the rafter length and the tangent, shown to the right in Fig. 3. The tangent, again, gives the face bevel for the sheathing. The same rafter length and tangent are used in applying the square to the right, for marking the edge bevel of the jack rafter, but the
rafter length, not the tangent, gives the bevel.
The upper drawing of Fig. 6 shows the square applied to a sheeting board for marking die face bevel. This apphcation,
in reverse order, is the same as the om shown to the left in Fig. 4. The bottorr drawing shows the square applied to marl the edge bevel of the sheeting board. Thii application, in reverse order, is the same aj
the one shown to the left in Fig. 5. Stud} and compare Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6.
Cuts for Sheeting and Plancier.— Th(
upper drawing of Fig. 7 shows a cross sec- tion of the counter pitch roof shown ir
Fig. 7
Figs. 2 and 3, at a little larger scale. Ir this drawing the roof is shown with a cor- nice and a plancier board. The inside of the roof is shown hned with boards. Now the bevels for the hning and for the plan- cier boards are exactly the same as those for the sheeting, shown in Fig. 5. The cen- ter drawing. Fig. 7, shows the square, num- bered 5, appHed to a plancier board foi marking the face bevel, which in reverse order is the same as the application shown for the face bevel of the sheeting in Fig
THE CARPENTER
41
5. The bottom drawing shows the square, numbered 4, applied for marking the edge bevel of the plancier board, which in re- verse order, is the same as the application shown in Fig. 4, for marking the face bevel of the sheeting. It should be remembered here, that the face bevel of the sheeting for one roof is the edge bevel of the sheet- ing for the other roof, or vice versa.
Face and edge Bevels of Sheeting.— Why tlie face bevel of the sheeting for any hip roof is the same as the edge bevel of the sheeting for the counter roof, or vice versa,
Side Surface.
Ceuntar Hoof-
Fig. 8
is illustrated by Fig. 8. Here the low pitch roof has the sheeting on in the regular way, but the counter pitch roof, to bring out the point, has the sheeting on edgewise. Now if the sheeting were put on the low pitch roof as shown, and on the counter pitch roof also as shown, then the edges of the boards in both roofs would have the same bevel— the face bevel of the boards would also be the same in both roofs. Therefore, if the sheet-
V
\
\ \o Bun <^
O -j^i)^
Fig. 9
ing is put on in the regular way on both roofs, the face bevel of one roof, speaking of the sheeting, would become the edge bevel of the other.
Butt Joint of Sheeting.— Fig. 9 shows a diagram of the roof and coimter roof that has been used throughout this lesson, illus- trating how to get the edge bevel of sheet- ing for a butt joint. The tongue of the
H. H.SIEGELE'S BOOKS
, ^f'l^MH?^"'^^'^?,'^'^'^""^--^'''"" hundreds of rrac- tical building problems, haa 256 p. and 688 II J'i ^n
bund7n'-.°l''''-"^«' P.", "■ ^"'1 531 n. crerlng VoVm building, garages, finishing, stair building, etc. $2 50
""."f PRAMING.-175 p. and 4.i7 11. Koof franung complete. Other problems, including saw filing J2 50
CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.-Has 159 p 426 11 covering concrete work, form building, screeds, rein- forcing, scaCfolding. other temporary construction $2 50
CARPENTRY.-Has 302 p., 754 il., covering general house carpentry, estimating and other subjects. $2 50
BUILDING TRADES DICTIONARY.-Has 380 D 670 il., and about 7,000 building trade terms. J3 0o"
You can't go wrong if you buy this whole set.
IH,!o^'^i^i-^*VES.— Poetry. Only $1.00.
TWIGS OF THOUGHT.-Poetry. Onb* $1.00.
hKEE. — ^^ith 3 books, one poetry book free, with 5 books, two, and with 6 books, three. (With less than 3 books, one of the poetry books for only 50 cents.)
Books autographed. Five-day Money-back guarantee.
Postpaid only when full amount comes with order. Order u U C||r/^iri C 222So. Const. St. tuday. "• n. dlfc.lafc.Lt Emporia, Kansas QUANTITIES— 12 or more books 20% off, f.o.b. Chleaoo
square here is applied to the counter pitch of the common rafter, from the comb down toward the base hne, rather than from the toe of the rafter, as in the other cases. In this instance the counter pitch from c to o, becomes the rafter length, as shown. The run, a-b, is raised to the level of the top of the common rafter, d-c, and then witli a compass transferred to point e on the blade of the square, as shown by tlie dotted part- circle, which becomes the tangent. Now the tangent and the rafter length will give the edge bevel for the butt joint— the tangent gives the bevel. (The reference letters in both the pitch and the counter pitch, refer, relatively, to the same points, hence the ex- planation will apply to both pitches. It should also be mentioned that the tangent shown in the diagram for the counter pitch roof, runs through the diagram of the origi- nal roof. This was done to save space.)
LABEL OF UNITED BROTHER- HOOD OF CARPENTERS AXD JOINERS OF A3IERICA
This label stands for a wage commensurate with the labor per- formed, for superior workmanship, the mechanical training and edu- cation of the apprentice and fair Avorking conditions.
Be sure to see that it appears on all store and bar fixtures, trim, cigar boxes and beer bottle cases and on all wood products.
— ORGANIZE —
SUPER 101 BUTT GAGE Simplifies Hanging Doors
I
Use -^vith knife, scriber or chisel. Quickly, accurately locates and marks outline of
standard butt hinges, Sio" x 4". Cuts guess- wurk, speeds mounting of doors. Saves labor. Raised scriber indicates depth of chisel cut. The Newest Addition to Super Tools for Craftsmen.
At Tour Dealers. If there is no dealer in vour neighborhood order direct; sent postpaid. Xo C.O.D.'s.
Has no knife blades to dull. Easy to carry. Xo sharp edges to cut pockets. Made in high grade steel, with clirome finish.
SUPER 99 SQUARE GAGE — ^
Light, precision-made gauges. To be used Tvith carpenter's steel squares. Valuable in laying out numerous repeat angles as in stair string- ONLY ers. hip and valley raf- h.qq
ters. etc. the pair
A. D. McBURNEY 317 E. 4th street. Los Angeles 13, California
FILING SAWS
With the
ZAPART hand SAW FILER
Price $60.00 — attachments extra
Write to A. ZAPART, SAW FILER
586 Manhattan Ave. BROOKLYN 22, N. Y.
Make it a RULE to use
^'
1^
WOODMARK
FOLDING RULERS
You'll like the way this Woodmark 6' ruler handles and takes abuse. Featherweight, tough aircraft aluminum alloy sections. Patented spring tempered bronze hinges and brass rivet-through construction. Spe- cial baked coating. Rustproof. Accurate.
AND STAINLESS STEEL
RAFTER SQUARES
A.sk ^ our dealer for the Woodmark Stainless Steel Model W 100 RS. Note the precision mf chine ground surfaces and edges . . . pho- togravure processed and etched graduations ard markings with permanent inlaid metal. The^ re accurate and legible. Also Carbon Steel models.
WOODMARK INDUSTRIES, INC.
Minnoapolit 16, Minn.
.» .« ..T^, »„»..,->■
STAIR GAGES
(Angle Gages)
The handiest liiile devices you ever had in your tool box. Easily carried in the pocket. Lsed on square for laying out angle cuts on rafters, stair stringers, etc. % " hexagon brass v.ith plated steel screw. Rust proof and will last a ii'etime. Order today! ' \Vt. A oz. pr. Money back if not satisfied
$1.00 Postpaid
WELLIVER & SONS P. O. Box 278C Rockford, Illinois
MeWf^h lighter than////
I I I f L'
Aluminum
\
\ \
/ 1
MaandUe, h^:Aevels
Unbreakable Frame of Extruded IVIagnesium Alloy!
Here's the newest — most sensational level ever designed! The new Scharf Magnelite Level is lighter weight— it's made of Magnesium— one of the toughest yet lightest metals in existence. It's a masterpiece of accuracy — absolutely true, straight and parallel. Has large hand-holds .... easier to handle. Beautifully designed — grace- fully streamlined. Greatest level ever built!
NEWEST TYPE VIAL UNITS ARE:. ADJUSTABLE AND REPLACEABLE
Vials are cemented into die cast Magnesium holder— held absolute- ly rigid. Finest glass windows, i Vial units attached ■ with screws — easily loosened for adjustment or replacement.
Get Your Scharf Magnelite Level Today! If your dealer can't supply you, order from us direct, but you must send dealer's name and address. Satisfaction guaranteed.
J. H. SCHARF MFG. CO.
Dept. C-4, Omaha, Nebr.
|
Check |
These Low |
Prices |
|
No. |
Size (Inches) |
Price |
|
3412- |
-1x2x12" |
.$3.50 |
|
061S-- |
.1x2x18" |
. 4.50 |
|
3624_ |
.1x2x24" |
. 5.00 |
|
2624. |
.Iji2£x24".. |
. 5.75 |
|
2628- |
.Ilx2gx28"-. |
. 6.75 |
|
2630.. |
.Iix2gx30".- |
. 7.25 |
|
2642. |
..I|l2gx42".. |
. 9.25 |
|
2648.- |
.Iix2gx48"-. |
.10.00 |
|
2072. |
-Iix2gx72".. |
.16.50 |
|
♦Extruded Aluminum I |
||
|
Frame Only |
1 |
BURR HAND SAW FILER
,.r^-
Eaty 10
Op«rat«
Fost, accurate, will file from botlTsides. Operator controls file arm. No saw carrier or adjusting screws to fuss with. A money-maker in any shop.
BURR MFG. CO.
8945 VENICE BOULEVARD lOS ANCEIES 34, C A 1 1 F.
"^rf T ^^^
haf ex'ra length you've a I way 5 wanted ... 1 20 inches of o ecu- ate, more useful measuring ease. Jet black markings on a 'ear-resistant, acid-resistant snow white blade. Carlson quality hroughouf with famous 1 0-second blade change economy and le new convenient swing-tip , , ,a real value at YOUR HARD- VARE DEALER. Just be sure it's the Whife Chief by Carlson. '.S. And don't forget to get an extra blade os a "spare." Blade produced under Pat. No. 2039209
Carlson Steel Tape Rules
CARLSON & SULLIVAN, INC.
MONROVIA, CALIFORNIA
NOW! Roof Framing is Easy
with SHARP'S ^^-^^fe^
Automatic "**
Framing Square j^
i^ENLARGED
SECTION
Rafter Table
ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW IS WIDTH OF BUILDING AND PITCH OF ROOF
Just set tool to pitch of roof and it automatically solves every problem and provides direct marking guide for all cuts. Gives exact figures for length of rafters. Cuts given in square readings and in degrees for power saw work. Opens to 90-deg. angle. Guaranteed.
SHARP'S
MANUFACTURING
COMPANY
p. 0. Box 122 Salum, Oregon
Now Only
$7-85
■ Prepaid
(CO. ft. roSTACt lITIlt
WHARP'S
/fa^^m^i^ii> FRAMING SQUARE
ADVANCE YOURSELF
IN THE
BUILDING FIELD
this proven way
M«(WW«M*Ma
•''fMMXWWatWMW
Money-making ideas . . . new construc- tion methods and techniques . . . useful, up-to-date information for builders and contractors , , . v/ill be yours every month when you subscribe to AMERI- CAN BUILDER, "the world's greatest building paper." More than 80,000 building men in all parts of the coun- try now subscribe— some have been with us for over 40 years!
Every month in AMERICAN BUILDER you get reliable guidance and up-to-date facts to help you get ahead faster and make more money:
• Changes and improvements in homes and all other types of light construc- tion—including new trends in design, new building materials, new construc- tion methods ond techniques.
• Designs and plans of modern home: — including a detailed blueprint in every issue.
• Useful data on apartments, stores, small commercial buildings; industry trends; catalog items.
•Prompt and clear reports on new products, materials and equipment.
• "Better detail" plates and "how-to- do-it pointers" show you and tell you tested ways to save time and get bet- ter construction.
• Helpful hints on remodeling and re- pair work; interior treatments and built-ins, estimating, financing, sales practices.
To get the most out of all your opportunities in today's building market, subscribe to AMERICAN BUILDER now. A single idea or suggestion you get from its pages can be worth ten times the low subscription cost!
MONEY-SAVING OFFER-3 YEARS FOR $5 . . . only 14 cents a month!
AMERICAN BUILDER is a great value of the regular one-year rate of $3.00. But you can get even greater value by sub- scribing for 3 years for only $5.00- an offer that saves you $4.00 over the one- year rate. Mail coupon below to start your subscription now.
r--^-IVIAIL THIS COUPON—
American Builder, Circulation Dept. 30 Church Street, New York 7, N. Y.
Start m.v subscription at once to AMEBICAX BVILDER for the period checked below: ( ) Three years, $5. (36 issues) ( ) One year, $3. (12 Issues)
Name
Street
City Zone
State — CA-450
SAVE A DAY
ELIASON STAIR GAUGE
1. Measures tread or riser
(above)
2. Marks board for perfect fit the first time (right)
Dealers and Agents Wanted
ELIASON TOOL COMPANY
or more on Every Staircase You Build
ELIASON STAIR GAUGE in 10 seconds gives yi.'i both ciirrtf-et length and angle of stair r'^i T-^ , lo^et shelves, etc.. ready to mark board. Each end piv- ots and locks at any length or angle. Adjustable from 20" up. Saves a day or more, increases your profits §20 or more on each staircase. Fully guaranteed. Only SI 2.95 cash ■with order, or i-'.O.D. plus postage. Order Today, or send for circular.
2121 E. 56th St., MINNEAPOLIS 17, MINN.
Get behind a
SPEEDY HINGE SPACER
SPIRAL SCREW DRIVER
a fid get ahead of the job
Pat. Pending
iMiKEE TOOLS nam P*tT Of
[STANLEY]
THE TOOi BOX OF THE ■OCLD
Let the spiral o the heavy wrist work. A simple push on a sturdy "Yankee" rives or draws the screw with a spinning start. Good for years of smooth, willing part- rship with your good right hand. Three sizes, each with 3 size bits. Pop- ar 30A size, range of screws #2 to #8. For one- hand operation, buy the 130A Yankee"' with the "quick- spring in the handle. Send for the "Yankee" Tool Book
Er-
XORTH BROS. MFG.
Philadelphia 33, Pa.
CX).
Hinges spaced quickly and accurately, rors in spacing impossible. If Jambs are accurately set all doors of equal size vi-ill be interchangeable throughout en- tire building.
This tool is particularly valuable in fit- ting wood doors to meted jambs.
Adjust knives to fit mortise in jambs, then transfer to doors, no waste of time in measuring. Place end tight against head jamb hook on top of door will give proper head clearance.
Knocks down in three sections 26' Made of Aluminum channels with hardened ad- justable knives.
each.
^
Shipping Weight Approximately 4 lbs.
Price $7.50 Delivered
CHARLES H. GRAFF
CO BAKER MACHINE CO.,
330 Bryan St.
Fort Worth 4, Texas
FOR YEARS OF FAST CUTTING
AiK FOR SANDVIK HANDSAWS
tAade of the finest Swedish Char- coal Steel, SANDVIK HANDSAWS hold their set and edge LONGER.
• Sandvik's exclusive handle is made for the professional carpenter . . , MAN-SIZED FOR COMFORT.
• Their perfect balance makes cutting EASIER.
• Their exceptionally high crown makes cutting FASTER.
• Sandvik Saws are fully tapered.
• Best of all you'll be proud to own one.
Ask your Dealer for Sandvik Sows
CHALK LINE BOX and PLUMB BOB
Only $1.25 each AT YOUR DEALER'S. IF HE CANNOT SUPPLY YOU ORDER DIRECT.
New dual purpose tool any mechanic is proud to own and use. Precision molded of Aluminum alloy. Self-locking handle folds flat. Fits in pocket. Air tight case lasts a lifetime. Easy to refill. Furnished with 50 feet of line. Capacity 100 ft.
"S. L." REFILLS
Specifically prepared and blended pigment for use in chalk line boxes. Not a chalk, instead, it has 3 to 5 times the strength of ordinary chalk. Won't cake or harden. Each envelope holds correct amount for av- erage chalk box. Choice of colors: in» ^-.,u RED, YELLOW, BLUE, WHITE. ,, o-*?^" $1.20 dozen
STRAIT-LINE-PRODUGTS^
p. O. Box 417, Santa Ana, Calif.
STAPLE— to save time- speed up production
r-32 Gun Tacker
\ many purpose tool replacing hammer and tacks It trigger rate speed. Shoots a staple wherever a ack can be driven. Ideal for Carpenters, Display- nen. Insulators, Upholsterers, etc. Special screen and vindow shade attachments. Same machine takes a 1/16", %" and 5/16" staple. Loads 150 staples. ■8.50. Rustproof "Monel" staples available.
>-22 Hand Stapler
'Reaches into hard-to-
let-at places." Ideal
or tagging, labeling,
i^rappings, sealing
'Ogs, containers and
loxes. Same machine _^^^^_^^^_^_^_^.^^_
dkes Ve," and 5/16" staples. Loads 150 staples.
6.00.
Slightly higher in the West and Canada. iM'j from your local Dealer or order direct— Dept. C
ARROW FASTENER COMPANY, INC.
30-38 Maujer St., Bklyn. 6, New York
'^.-/%,
ROYAL EAGLE
%>/%
ONLY
EftGLE RUl€S
MaVE
Pr«Cf5toR mads for precise measuremen-t. Ex+ra strong for exfra wear, Mad« of finest hard mapie.
RIVETES STRIKE-PtATE lOtfCTS
EAGLE RULE , MFGXORR
rWO AIDS FOR SPEED AND ACCURACY
THEY HAVE
OUR CHART Blueprint 27'' X 36"
"The FRA]\nNG SQUAKE" (Chart)
Explains tables on framing squares. Shows how to find lengths of any rafter and make its cuts; finer any angle in degrees; frame any polygon 3 to 16 sides, and cut its mitres; read board feet rafter and brace tables, octagon scale. Gives other valu- able information. Also includes Starting Key and Radial Saw Chart for changing pitches and cuts into degrees and minutes. Every carpenter should ive this chart. Now printed on both sides, makes about ) square feet of printed data showing squares full size, rice $1.00 postpaid, no stamps.
SLIDE CAIX^ULrATOR for Rafters
Makes figuring rafters a cinch! Shows the length of any rafter having a run of from 2 to 23 feet: longer lengths are found by doubling. Covers 17 different pitches. Shows lengths of hips and valleys, commons, jacks, and gives the cuts for each pitch, also the angle in degrees and minutes. Fastest method known, eliminates chance of error, so simple anyone who can read numbers can use it. NOT A SLIDE RULE but a Slide Calculator designed especially for Carpenters. Con- tractors and Architects. Thousands in use. Price $3.90 postpaid. Check or M. 0., no stamps.
2103
MASON ENGINEERING SERVICE
N. Burdick St., Dept. 3, Kalamazoo 81,
Mich.
MOW
I Earn Better Pay This Easy Way
CARPENTRY ESTIMATING
...QUICK.. .EASY.. .ACCURATE
with this simplified guide!
You can earn higher pay when you know how to estimate. Here is everything you need to know to "take off" a bill of materials from set of plans and specifications for a frame house. Saves you time figuring jobs, protects you against oversights or mistakes that waste materials and cost money. Nothing compli- cated— just use simple arithmetic to do house carpentry estimating with this easy-to-use ready reference handbook.
SIMPLIFIED CARPENTRY ESTIMATING
Shows you, step by step, how to figure mate- rials needed for (1) foundation, (2) framing, (3) exterior finish, (4) interior finish, (5) hardware, and (6) stairs. Gives definite "take- off"' rules, with many quick-reference tables and short-cut methods that simplify the work.
CDCriAl CCATIIDPCa Lumber Checking List, lllll- OrCUIHL rCHIUnCO. ^-ork Checking List. Hard- ware Checking List. Materials Ordering Information. Quick- Figuring Tables for estimating concrete footings and walls, concrete piers, window frames, door and window areas, sash weights, nail Quantities. How to figure labor hours per unit of work. Rules for linear, area and volume measurement. Mathematical reference tables, including dec- imal equivalents, lumber reckoner, conversion of weights and measures, etc. Xew chapter, "How to Plan a House," gives useful data for contractors and material dealers.
TIIDIi TA I^UADTITD Q "'hen you receive this book, lUnn lU bnHrlLK O, and see the "Estimating Short Cuts" j'ou can use for quick figuring of board foot- age. Here are simplified ways to estimate lumber needed for floors, walls, ceilings, roof, door and window frames, inside trim for these frames, inside trim for inside doors, and drawers and cabinets. This chapter alone can be Worth the entire price of the book to you!
Send No Money
EXAMINE 10 DAYS FREE
Just fill in and mail cou- pon below to get "Sim- plified Carpentry Esti- mating" for 10 DATS FREE TRLiL. It not fully satisfied, return the book and owe nothing. If you keep it, send only $3.50 plus few cents post- age in full payment. You take no risk. Mail cou- pon now.
MAIL THIS COUPON
SIMMONS-BOARDMAN Publishing Corp. 'Carp. 4-30) 30 Church Street, New York 7, N. Y.
Send me for 10 DATS FREE TRIAL. "Simpli- fied Carpentry Estimating." I will either return it in 10 days and owe nothing, or send only $3.50 (plus shippir.s rh.irges) in full payment.
I Ci
NOTICE
The publishers of "The Carpenter" reserve the right to reject all advertising matter which may be, in their judgment, unfair or objectionable to the membership of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America.
All Contracts for advertising space in "The Car- penter," including those stipulated as non-can- cellable, are only accepted subject to the above reserved rights of the publishers.
Index of Advertisers
Carpenters' Tools and Accessories
Page
The American Floor Surfacing
Machine Co., Toledo, Ohio 2nd Cover
Arrow Fastener Co. Inc., Brook- lyn, N. Y. 45
Burr Mfg. Co., Los Angeles, Cal. 43
Carlson & Sullivan, Inc., Mon- rovia, Cal. 43
Eagle Rule Mfg. Corp., New York,
N. Y. 45
Eliason Tool Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 44
E-Z Mark Tools, Los Angeles,
Cal. 47
Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 48
Charles H. Graff, Fort Worth,
Texas 44
Heston & Anderson, Fairfield,
Iowa 6
The Lufkin Rule Co., Saginaw,
Mich. 47
A. D. McBurney, Los Angeles,
Cal. 42
North Bros., Mfg. Co., Philadel- phia, Pa. 44
Sandvik Saw & Tool Corp., New
York, N. Y. 44
J. H. Scharf Mfg. Co., Omaha,
Nebr. 42
Sharps Mfg. Co., Salem, Ore 43
Speedcor Products, Portland, Ore. 48
Stanley Tools, New Britain, Conn. 3rd Cover
Strait-Line-Products, Santa Ana,
Cal. 45
Welliver & Sons, Rockford, I1I.__ 42
Woodmark Industries, Inc., Minn- eapolis, Minn. 42
A. Zapart, Saw^ Filer, Brooklyn,
N. Y. 42
Carpentry Materials
The Celotex Corp., Chicago, in._ 1 The Franklin Glue Co., Colum- bus, Ohio 4
The Upson Co., Lockport, N. Y._ 5
Doors
Overhead Door Corp., Hartford
City, Ind. 4th Cover
Technical Courses and Books
American Builder, New York,
N. Y. 43
American Technical Society, Chi- cago, 111. 47
Audel Publishers, New York,
N. Y. 3rd Cover
Chicago Technical College, Chi- cago, 111. 3
H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kauis 41
Mason Engineering Service, Kala- mazoo, Mich. 45
Simmons-Boardman Publishing
Corp., New York, N. Y 46
Tamblyn System, Denver, CoIo._ 48
Wearing Apparel
The H. D. Lee Co., Kansas
City, Mo. 3rd Cover
Markings That Are Durable
NEW MEASURING EASE FAMOUS MEZURALL WIZARD, JR. TAPE WITH CHROME-CLAD BLADES!
CHECK THESE OUTSTANDING FEATURES
1— Exclusive liU/fc/n Chrome-Clad satin finish blades. 2— Black markings razor-sharp against chrome white
background. 3— Rust and corrosion resistant. 4^Will not crack, chip, or peel. 3— Self-adjusting hook permits accurate butt-end
and hook-over measuring. 6 — Replaceable blades. 7 — Smooth manual blade operation. 8— Improved heavily plated cases,
ASK FOR THEA1 BY NAME— ASK FOR A MSZUkAU OR WIZARD, JR. CHROME-CLAD TAPE-RULE
gW lUFKIN
THE LUFKIN RULE CO. • TAPES • RULES • PRECISION TOOLS SAEINAW, MICHIGAN • NEW YORK CITY • BARRIE, ONTARIO
QBIG BUILDING BOOKS
Edition for EXAMINATION
SEND NO MONEY
Leam to draw plant, eetlmate, be a live-wire builder, do remodeling, take contracting jobs. These 9 practical, pro- fusely Illustrated books cover subjects that will help yoo to get more work and make more money. Masonry, con- crete forms, carpentry, steel square, roof framing, construc- tion, plumbing, heating, painting, decorating and many other subjects. More than 4000 pages — 2750 Illustrations.
UP-TO-DATE
EDITION
These books are the most up-to- date and complete we have ever pub- lished on tbeg* many subjects. Examination
BETTER JOBS - BEHER PAY
A nationwide building boom is in full swing and trained men are needed. Big opportunities are always for MEN V\'HO KNOW HOW. These books sup- ply quick, easily understood training and handy, permanent reference Information that helps solve building problems.
Coupon Brings Nine Big Books For
AMERICAN TECHNICAL SOCIETY Publishers since 1898
Dept. G-436 Drexel at 58th Street, Chicago 37, III. Tou may ship me the Tp-to-Date edition of your ntn« big books, "Building, Estimating, and Contracting" with- out any obligation to buy. I will pay the delivery chargel only, and if fully satisfied In ten days, I will send yoo $2.00, and after that only $3.00 a month, until the total price of only $34.80 Is paid. I am not obligated In tny way unless I keep the books.
Name „
City state
Attach letter statins sse, occupation, employer*! name and address, and name and address of at least one buslneu man as reference. Men In service, also give home addreii.
BOtt
^^ HANG THAT DOOR THE PROFESSIONAL WAY!
Mates a clean-cut, deeply- etched profile on door. Remove chips. Repeat operation on jamb. Hang door! No adjustments. No fussing. Precision made. Drop-forged, heat-treated steel. Comes in 3". 3J" and 4" (Std) sizes,
ONLY 11.75 ea.— $3.50 a pair (any two) — §5.25 complete set of three. If dealer can't supply, send only $1.00 with order and pav postman balance plus post- age C. 0. D. In Canada, .25c higher per order. No C. O. D. State sizes wanted.
USERS PRAISE HIGHLY
"ReaUy a help for the 'old bands' and almost a 'must' for the new boys."
S. H. Glover Cincinnati, Ohio
"The greatest help in
hanging doors I have ever seen."
J. Allen Charles
Mullins, S. C.
Comes With Leatherette case
Conceded by carpenters to be almost indispensable, as hundreds of testimonials in file show. ("E-Z Mark" Trade Mark Reg.)
t-Z MARK TOOLS, Box 8377 Dept. C, Los Angeles 16, Cal.
E-Z MARK TOOLS, Box 8377, Dept. C. Los Angeles 16, Calif.
Mark Butt Gauges as checked below: Size
V
fion
I
C/ip and mo// handy order form below.
'E-Z'
Gentlemen: Please send the following Check
n one of any size $1.75
n two of any size $3.50
G complete set of three any size $5.25
I enclose check or money order D
Send C. O. D D
Name:
Address: City_
State:
.Zone-
speBVcon tools i
IVUC SAVe YOU TIME ANPMONEV
SPEED SAW FILER
Now file your own saws! Precision fil- ing easy without experience. Two sim- ple adjustments. Keeps any hand saw extra sharp and true cutting. Complete With file and ready to use $2.95
DRILL GRINDER Makes old drills cut like new. Sharpens 3/32" to I '/a" drills with factory accuracy in 30 sees. No ex- perience necessary. Use with hand or power grinding wheels. $2.95
SPEED HANDLE Holds files, razor blades, taps, drills, Allen wrenches, bits etc. Operates similar to drill chuck. Precision made. Handiest tool in tool box. $1
SPEED GRIP PLANE Precision made, pocket sized plane as easy to grip as big one. S'A" X I 'A" face. Can't be beat for all around fitting and finishing. Blade guaranteed to hold edge. $1.95
SPEED SAW CLAMP Grips full length of hand saws — 30 inches. Saves time. Attached or released from bench in 15 seconds. Lifetime construction. Holds entire saw true without vibration. $4.95
CIRCULAR SAW FILER Sharpen circular saws like an j expert. Adjustable for any pitch or angle. Complete with file and mandrels for blades with 'A", 3A", 13/16" centers. $6.95
Order Today I Cash with order, prepaid. COD postage extra. Money back Guarantet
SPEEDCOR PRODUCTS °-K;rKS.""
$900
IN SPARE TIME
7^0^
"1 did very well last year with my Foley equipment, about 950 saws and 240 lawn mowers. In my spare time. About $900 for me." Left H. Mix.
Carpenters Make up to $2 or $3 an hour in
spare time. With a Foley Automatic Saw Filer you can file hand, band and circular saws better than the most expert hand filer. Cash business, no canvassing. No eyestrain, no experience needed.
FREE BOOK
"INDEPENDENCE AFTER 40"
shows just how you can start at home in spare time, with small Investment, no g- — overhead, — and 1 „ develop into a full - time repair Bhop. Send coupon today — no sales- man will call.
SmcC e^ufi^ 7<w FREE BOOK
FOLEY MFG. CO., 418-0 Foley Bldg.,
Minneapolis 18, Minn.
Send FREE BOOK — "Independence After 40"
Name
Address
LEARN TO ESTIMATE
If you are ambitious to have your own busi- ness and be your own boss the "Tamblyn System" Home Study Course in Estimating will start you on your way.
If you are an experienced carpenter and have had a fair schooling in reading, writing and arithmetic you can master our System in a short period of your spare time. The first lesson begins with excavations and step by step instructs you how to figure the cost of complete buildings just as you would do it in a contractor's office.
By the use of this System of Estimating you avail yourself of the benefits and guidance of the author's 40 years of practical experience reduced to the language you understand. You will never find a more opportune time to establish yourself in business than now.
Study the course for ten days absolutely free. If you decide you don't want to keep it, just return it. Otherwise send us $8.75 and pay the balance of $30.00 at $7.50 per month, making a total of $38.75 for the com- plete course. On request we will send you plans, specifications, estimate sheets, a copy of the Building Labor Calculator, and com- plete instructions. What we say about this course is not important, but what you find it to be after you examine it is the only thing that matters. You be the judge; your deci- sion is final.
Write your name and address clearly and give your age, and trade experience.
TAMBLYN SYSTEM
1115 So. Pearl St., C-40, Denver 10, Colo.
Works
with you... Makes work easier!
• Stanley has designed this nail hammer to i swing along with you, to jget the job done faster, easier. Drop forged head. Pre-shrunk, straight grain hickory handle double wedged in the head. Stanley Tools, 163 Elm St., Ijfew Britain, Conn.
THE TOOL BOX OF THE WORLD
[STANLEY]
Reg. U.S. Pol. Off.
_ HARDWARE- HAND TOOLS- ELECTRIC tOOLS ■
UNION-MADE
lee
• Lee Exclusive Tailored Sizes
• Lee Sturdy Fabrics
• Sanforized
• Money-Back ,; Guarantee!
•World's Larg. est Mlakers of Union • Made Work Clothes!
CARPENTER'S OVERALLS
AUDELS Carpenters and Builders Guides
4 vols. $6
InsideTrade Inf ormafien
for Carpenters, Builders, Join- ers, Baildinff Mechanics and all
gressive course for the appren- tice and stodent. A practical daily helper and Quick Refer- ence for the master worker. Carpenters everywhere are as- iag these Guides as a Helpinc Hand to Easier Work. Better Work and Better Pay. To get this assistance for yours«lf. simply finjn and_ znail
nply 611 in and
lil FREE COUPON below.
Inside Trade Information On:
How to use the steel square— How to file and
set saws — ^How to build furniture — How to use
a raltre box — How to use the chalt line — How
to use rules and scales — How to make joints —
Carpenters arithmetic — Solving mensuration
problems — Estimating strength of timbers —
How to set girders and slllsf — How to frame
houses and roofs— How to estimate costs — How
to build houses, barns, garages, bimgalows, etc.
— How to read and draw plans — Drawing up
specifications — How to excavate — How to use
settings 12, 13 and 17 on the steel square — How
to build hoists and scaffolds- skylights — How
to build stairs — How to put on interior trim — .
How to hang doors — How to lath — lay floors — How to paint.
■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■M«MnHM^BMMMBB»MMTOW«™*«»MM»WW »■*■■»■«•■
AUDEL, Publishers, 49 W. 23rd St., New York 10. N. Y.
Mail Audels Carpenters and Builders Guides, 4 vols., on 7 days' fre« trial. If OK I will remit $1 in 7 days and $1 monthly until $6 Is.paM. —Otherwise I will return them. No obligation unless I am satisfied.
Name -
Occupation-
Employed by-
CAR
ACLE WEDGE
COPYRIGHT. l»SO. OVERHEAD DOOR CORPORATION
■ I i - -.<
% Because quality cuts costs, users of The "OVERHEAD DOOR" with the Miracle Wedge are assured superior value. Here is long lasting service at minimum cost. The best in millwork, the best in hardware and all materials, the best in workmanship go into this quality door. It is built for residential, commercial, Industrial and rural use. Any "OVERHEAD DOOR" may be manually or electrically operoted. Be sure the door you specify ^
At
bears the trade mark above — the symbol of superior value in doors. TRACKS AND HARDWARE OF SALT SPRAY STEEL
• Etery 'OVERHEAD DOOR" has the Miracle Wedge wealherllghf closure which wedges lightly, yet opens easily. Tracks carrying the door are slanted, allowing it to lift upward and roll bock on full-floating, ball bearing rollers. The descending door dredges tightly against casings and header.
NATION-WIDE Sales — Installation — Service
OVERHEAD DOOR CORPORATION • Hartford City, Indiana, U.S.A.
.MANUFACTURING DIVISIONS
CIENDAIE. CAIIFOINIA OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA
DETROIT. MICHIGAM rOariAND, OIECON
HIILSIOE, NEW JERSEY lEWISTOWfN, PENNSYLVANIA
CORTLAND, NEW YORK DALUS, TEXAS
NTER
FOUNDED 1881
Official Publication of the UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS of AMERICA
MAY, 1950
And on every cut SKIL Saw balance and power make the job easier!
Try SKIL Saw on the tough cuts. Learn what easy-handling really means. Take SKIL Saw with you up on the job. On overhead work SKIL Saw's two handles mean safer, more positive control. On the simple cuts, SKIL Saw leaves one hand free for materials handling. And SKIL Saw, not you, does the work. SKIL Saw's power and durability make it tops for all construction sawing. Choose from 9 hard-working models with capacities to 4% inches. Ask your SKIL Tool Distributor to demonstrate easy-handling SKIL Saw today.
SKIL products are made only by
SKILSAW, INC.
5033 Elslon Ave., Chicago 30, III.
Factory Branches in Principal Cities
kn Canada: SKILTOOLS, LTD., 66 Portland St., Toronto, Ont.
PORTABLE^TOOLS
9 SKIi. J Say* Models
give you "the right saw for every use v/irti blade sizes from 6 to 12 inches.
Handle Nlore Job Work
FASTER ' EASIER
With These
H&A TOOLS
BIG 9" H&A Heavy-Duty I TILTING ARBOR SAW
I Hat nearly the capacity of ether 10" models. Capacity 2Vx" \ on straight cuts. }Vt" on 45° bevel cuts.
Use it in your shop or push it from room to room on the job.^ It will do all your cross-cutting, ripping, bevel-cutting, da- doing, mitering, grooving, ploughing, ten- oning, rabbeting^ and practically every other type of cut.
Large oversize table handles work up to 24" wide. Equipped with fxill length rip fence, miter gauge, and many other features that save time and lumber.
Model 2800
Relit Anywhere on Cotter Bote
The Mhf 6-inth JOINJtR with
• ^/t'Mch Rabbeting Capacity
• 60x8'inch Table
• 37x4'inch Wting, Swiveling Fence
H&A Model 5860 win do your dress- ing work faster and better than any tool of its kind ever developed. Its 60-inch table handles ex- tra-long stock easily. Its 37-inch fence tilts to 45 degrees for edging, swivels to 7 degrees for shear cutting of grainy woods. Safer, too — with all moving parts metal sheathed and guard that moves over cutter as fence slides forward. This new H&A Jointer now performs operations which formerly required larger, more expensive machines.
See these two H&A Tools at your dealers TOD A Y. 1} he does not have them, write us and we'll direct you to a dealer who does in a hurry. Literature and prices mailed without obligation.
HESTON & ANDERSON
• 607 W. Kirkwood Street Fairfield. Iowa
TTO^^^NTCR
Trade Mark Reg. March, 1913
A Monthly Journal, Ovmed and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joinera of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.
PETER E. TERZICK, Editor
Carpenters' Building, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis 4, Indiana
Established in 1881 Vol. LXX— No. 5
INDIANAPOLIS, MAY, 1950
One Dollar Per Year Ten Cents a Copy
Con tents —
Labor Will Save Democracy
A noted college professor visualizes the labor movement as the conservative force of our day. In its drive for greater security for the working man, organized labor is laying the foundation for a stable economy that can and will save democracy, the professor concludes after a good deal of study.
The Military Needs Watching
12
Military Brass Hats are creating a very unhealthy situation in many establishments under their control by placing enlisted men in jobs which heretofore have been filled by civilian craftsmen for generations. With the military constantly seeking to extend its control over essentially civilian affairs, there is more at stake in the move than gobs.
Imports Won't Hurt Us
18
In addition to the billions of dollars of tax money which the government has sent European nations to help them on their feet, it is now proposed to go one step farther by allowing European goods to enter the American market virtually duty free. The top labor advisors seem to think these imports will not hurt us.
, Pensions In Canada
21
Although pension programs in industry have a relatively long history in Canada, a recent survey shows that the pension plans now in existence are hardly adequate for today's conditions.
OTHER DEPARTMENTS
Plane Gossip
Editorials
The Locker
Official
In Memoriam
Correspondence
To the Ladies
Craft Problems
16
24 26
27 28 30 36 39
Index to Advertisers
46
Entered July 22, 1915, at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., as second class mail matter, under Act of
Congress, Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for
in Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 8, 1918.
CARPENTERS
BUILDERS and APPRENTICES
Get the practical training you need
for PROMOTION,
INCREASED INCOME
Prepare now for more pay, greater success. Hundreds have quickly advanced to foreman, superintendent, inspector, estimator, contrac- tor, with this Chicago Tech training in Build- ing. Your practical experience aids your suc- cess.
Learn how to lay out and run building jobs, read blue prints, estimate building costs, superintend con- struction. Practical training with complete blue print plans and specifications — same as used by superin- tendents and contractors. Over 46 years of experi- ence in training practical builders.
FREE
Blue Prints and Trial Lesson
FHOROUGH TRAINING IN IBUILDING
Learn at Home in Your Spare Time
The successful builder will tell you hat the way to the top-pay jobs and mccess in Building is to get thorough knowledge of blue prints, building con- struction and estimating.
n this Chicago Tech Course, you learn to ■ead bine prints — the universal language of be builder — and understand specifications — or all types of buildings.
?ou learn building construction details : oundations, walls, roofs, windows and doors, irches, stairs, etc.
Ton learn how to lay out work and direct )uilding jobs from start to finish. You learn •0 estimate building costs quick- y and accurately. Find out aow you can prepare at home or the higher-paid jobs in 3uilding, or your own success- ful contracting business. Get the "acts about this income-boosting Chicago Tech training now.
Send today for Trial Lesson: "How to Read Blue Prints," and set of Blue Print Plans — sent to you Free. See for yourself how this Chicago Tech course prepares you to earn more money, gives you the thorough knowl- edge of Building required for the higher-up jobs and higher pay. Don't delay. ]Mail the coupon today in an envelope or use penny postcard.
MAIL COUPON NOW
r
Chicago Technical College
E-122 Tech Bldg., 2000 So. Michigan Ave.
Chicago 16, 111.
Mail me Free Blue Print Plans and Booklet : "How to Read Bine Prints" with information about how I can train at home.
Name Age
Address
CHICAGO TECHNICAL COLLEGE
TECH BLDG., 2000 SOUTH MICHIGAN AVE., CHICAGO 16, ILL.
I Ask any carpenter who ever worked In the West and he'll tell you . . . { Thers's nothing like a mlm made
^^«
The fevortte Carpenter Overall on the Pacific Coast for over 25 years, now being made avoifabfe throughout the tountry. Costs o littJe more, but worth a tot more!
SffongboW Sfeve
CARPENTER OVERALL
With Stop-Loss pockets
Ask your dealer for them. If unavailable, order a pair direct.
High back and wide suspenders
2 large Duck hip pockets and
Combination
Stop-Loss pencil and safety watch pocket on dip front bib
5 compartment' ' reinforced Duck swinging nail pocket
2 hammer's traps
Stop-Loss rule or pliers pocket of Duck
2 Duck front pockets
Double knees
BROWNSTEIN-LOUIS COMPANY
Makers of Stronghold Work Clotliing since 18 97
1228 SAN JULIAN STREET, LOS ANGELES 15, CALIFORNIA
Send me pairs Stronghold Union Made Carpenter
Overalls with Stop-Loss pockets
In sizes 32 to 42 waist. In sizes 44 to 50 waist,
length 30 to 34, each length 30 to 34, each
$4.25 postage paid $4.50 postage paid
Money-back guarantee if not satisfied.
Send your exact size ( these are full cut overalls ) and a
check □ or money order □ for immediate deliver>'.
SIZE: W'aiit Length
CITY ZONE
Nothing can fall out of Stop-Loss pockets. The patented Stop-Loss safety pockets on the bib and side of leg will prevent loss of valuable tools and keep your watch from injury. These Stop-Loss pockets and many other properly placed pockets and straps give you real help on the job.
(*less fhan 1% residual shrinkage. Govt, test.)
No. 640 Brown No. 641 Black
(OUGH FINISH LEATHER UPPERS on HI-Bruiser to
4ve more friction, more wear, more safety.
tiVETEO LACE EYELETS all the way to the top.
'^o lace-hooks to bend shut.
lOFT HORSEHIDE TOE gives you a tighter, safer
lold when kneeling.
JCED TO THE TOE for firm fit and strong sup'
»ort. An important HI-Bruiser safety feature!
:n case of a fall or foot injury, one quick cut
vith a knife will open this shoe right down to
he toe. Pull it off or kick it off in seconds.
XEOPRENE CREPE SOLES on both models, extended
it sides for longer wear, double-stitched to stop
:urltng and splitting away from
he shoe. NEOPRENE Crepe
s resistant to nail puncture!
rWO THICKNESSES OF HEAVY COW-
1I0E, in HI-Bruiser model,
vrapped around your ankles.
Dnly double-upper shoe made!
tTEEL ARCH SUPPORT for all-day
x>infort and body balance.
lAWHIDE LACES in HI-Bruiser;
leat, strong woven lace, black
ar brown, in LO-Bruiser.
Hf-MUfSri!
i iiiliPENTER'S shoe
• To make this rugged shoe just right for you,
we've studied your job. We've asked journeymaa
carpenters what they want in a shoe and taken their
good advice. Then we made
a shoe, a carpenter's shoe, and
job-tested it on the feet of
men who do your work, A
few changes to get it just
right, another test on the
job, and here it is . . . the
Thorogood "BRUISER". . .
/ ^ --■ ^^HMIMIIL America's only shoe that is
made to fit your job as well as
to fit your feet !
THOROGOOD BRUISERS" ARE lOO^c UNION MADE
No. 633 Natural
WHERE TO BUY THE "BRUISER'
There are more than 10,000 Thoro- good Shoe Dealers in the United States and Cuba. If one of these dealers isn't near YOUR home.
send us this coupon
ALBERT H,
COMPANY
MILWAUKEE 1, WISCONSIN
Shoemakers for more than 50 yean
•
Makers of Thorogood Work Shoes and Children's Shoes and Bondshire Dress Shoes
fiat's WEINBRENNER ... a name to remember for good
Albert H. Weinbrenner Co. 2025 North Summif Avenue Milwaukee 1, Wisconsin
Please tell me at once, without ony obligation, the name and address of the Thorogood Shoe Dealer nearest my home. I want to see the new "BRUISER" for corpenfers.
My name is
My street address is
City Zone .... Stole
1
CRACKED PLASTER-
an opportunity for carpenters!
It can truly be said that the car- penter who makes a business of re- covering cracked ceilings is never out of a job!
For cracked, unsightly and unsafe ceilings are everywhere!
Independent surveys show that two out of every three homes have one or more rooms with cracked ceilings in need of repair.
Think what this means to you!
You, as a carpenter, have the skill — and you can get the material — to supply the only satisfactory answer to the cracked ceiling problem.
Patching and makeshift plaster repairs never are satisfactory — never last.
^-covering cracked ceilings is rightfully your job. It can be yours if you wMl only step up and ask for it.
You can save the housewife from the ordeal of re-plastering. You can save her from the seeping, floating, gritty white dust that causes need- less housecleaning drudgery!
For you — and only you as a car- 1 penter — can apply an Upson Ceiling right over old plaster. Using Upson Kuver-Krak Panels and Upson Float- ing Fasteners, you can buUd a beau-
tiful ceiling, that will remain forever crackproof. A ceihng that will bring praise from your customer. A ceiling that you will be proud of yourself.
And you will enjoy working on the job too. Upson Kuver-Krak Panels are clean, light in weight, easy to handle, easy to apply. Nearly all lumber dealers carry them in stock. Mouldings, furring strips, Upson No. 2 Floating Fasteners and nails are all you need.
Send the coupon now for simple Instruction Sheet. Get started now on these pleasant, profitable all-the- year jobs.
For the best possible job — insist on 5-ply Kuver-Krak Panels — so identified on every panel.
|
• • |
TH E UPSON COMPANY 435 Upson Point, Loekport, New York \ |
|
Send me Instruction Sheet and information for applying 5 ply Upson Kuver-Krak Panels • for Upson Ceilings. • |
|
|
NAWF • |
|
|
<;tpfft • |
|
|
• • |
• CITY STATE 1 • |
Z^'VpUTt
NOW-Add to your '^know-how'' of
HOUSE CONSTRUaiON DETAILS
Save Money and Time with these Latest Professional Methods
Here is an exact working guide on every detail of house construction from founda- tion to finish. Tells you dimensions, ma- terials, processes, step-by-step working methods. Hundreds of scale drawings and photographs make every step easy to fol- low. Quick-reference index enables you to find instantly any construction detail on which you want modern, authoritative guidance. Can be used for alterations in
Every Step in House Construction Explained and Illustrated:
Excavations — Footings and drainage ■ — Foundation forms — Sills — Girders — Joists — Sub-flooring ■ — Exterior wall framing — Interior wall framing — Ceil- ing joists — Gable roof ■ — Hip roof — Gambrel roof
— Dormers — • Siding and shingling — Cornices — Porches — Exterior walls of wood — Exterior walls of brick — Interior walls finished in plaster, in plywood
— Wall panels ■ — Mouldings for interior trim — Stair construction — Windows • — Sash details — Window framing details — Doors and door trim • — Hardware used in dwelling • — Closets, shelves, built-in equip- ment — Breakfast alcove — Sewing room — Flooring
— Cliimneys and fireplaces — Mantels and seats — Outdoor fireplaces — Scaffolds — Garages ■ — Electric wiring — Insulation — Arches and gates -^ Lattice porch, lattice trellis — Garden benclies, tables • — Swings and other garden furniture — Picket fences — Log cabins, camps, cottages — Barns — Feeders and nests — Babbit hutch — Septic tank — Painting and finishing — Heating systems — Air conditioning sys- tems — Prefabricated houses — Llseful information for home builders including architectural styles and data on modern building materials
313 Pages, Size B'Axll. Fully indexed. 1500 Illustrations.
High Praise! Read wha! Reviewers say---
"Best one-volume work on house building we have ever seen." — Walker's Library Service, Toronto
"All the elements of house construction are considered in an Orderly manner and are illustrated with great clarity. "--The Architectural Forum
"An amazing number of illustrations, photographs, working drawings and cut-away sections fill this com- plete book for architects, contractors and builders." — Scientific American
More than 41,000 Satisfied users! j
a set of stock plans, for making additions or changes in a building, or for complete construction of a dwelling. Conforms with modern practice and building regulations in all parts of the country. Gives you help- ful ideas on how to build in accordance \^'ith latest de^■elopments in painting, wir- ing, heating and air conditioning, insula- tion and sound-proofing.
The guidance you get on even a single house construction detail can repay you a hundred times the small cost of this re- markable volume. Send for free-ex- amination copy toda}\ Mail coupon below.
Examine 10 Days Free
You don't risk a penny to
find out how valuable
1 "House Construction De-
I tails" can be to you. Just
■ mail coupon. See for
t yuuiself how j'ou get clear.
1 piofessional guidance on
1 e V e r y building detail.
\ Then either send only
\ .$1 50 (plus postage) in
I full payment, or return
\ ihe bonk and owe noth-
\ ing. Mail frce-exami-
t nation coupon XOW.
\
\x
\^
MAIL THIS COUPON
Simmons Boardman Publishing Corp.. Corp. 550
30 Church Street. New York 7, N. Y.
Send me for 10 DAYS' FREE EXAMIXATIOX. "nouso Construction Details." I will eitlier retm-n it in 10 days and owe nothing, or send only |4.o0 (plus ship- ping charges) in full payment.
Name
Address
City & State
□ SAVE! Send $4. .50 with this coupon and we will pay postage. Same return and refund privilege.
B I I postage. Same r
BUILD PRESTIGE . . .SATISFY
CUSTOMERS This Easy, EtonomkalWay
?'
'ed/ THERE'S A BIG DIFFERENCE IN NAILS!
Nichols Never-Sfain Aluminum Nails are etched from head to tip for greater holding power . . . drive easily . . . lighter to carry . . . and cost less to apply because no countersink- ing or puttying Is necessary! Billions have been used.
A WIDE VARIETY OF TYPES AND SIZES
NOW PACKAGED FOR THE JOB!
• Alamiaam Roofing Noils • Wood Siding Noils -— Casing or Sinker Head
• Asiiestos Siding Ndils • Rock Lafh Noils • Skingle Noils f Asbestos Shingle Noils • Cedar Shake Noils • Driwoll-Boord Noils • Roofing Nails with or
^^^^mn^ withont Gora-Lee neoprene washers
General Office and Plant — Davenport, Iowa
Branches — Mason City, Iowa • BaHle Creek, Mich. South Deerfieid, Mass. • Oakland, Cal. • Seattle, Wosh.
ALUMINUM IS NOT A SUBSTITUTE'.
LABOR WILL SAVE DEMOCRACY
•
WRITING IN the April issue of "The Reporter" magazine, Frank Tan- nenbaum, Cokimbia Uni\ersity professor, xisuahzes the trade union mo\'ement as the greatest hope for saving our democratic society from the numerous forces presently militating against it. The trade union mo\'ement, says Tannenbaum, is the consenati\e force of our time. It is not an instrument against society but rather an additional way of organizing so- ciet)", not merely as to its labor, but in all of its other forms. \\^hen it comes into being in a community, the politics, the economy, the family life, the morals, the relationships between men, and the whole social structure are modified. Thus the Columbia professor in his article entitled "Union in 1950: Not Bread Alone," sees the trade union mo\'ement gradually building a stable and lasting economy free from the fluctuations and uncertain factors that have made the industrial age a perilous one for many working people. In part, Tannenbaum points out in his thought-provoking article:
"The trade union is the conservative
force of our time. It is conservative because, while endlessly bargaining, compromising, and battling for more pay, it is pushing to restore certain old values — self-respect, fellowship, and securit} — that men need in their work. These values were largely lost after the Industrial Revolution flung labor from field to factory, replaced the Nillage with the cit>^, and the mas- ter craftsman with the modem cor- poration.
"Big industrialism can offer bread, or at best cake, but it has proved in- adequate to meet the ethical and moral needs of men; the union, with all of its faults, may yet save the cor- poration, and the efficiency that goes with it.
"The unions are building their own natural 'society,' their ow^n cohesive labor force, which endows its mem- bers with a sense that they count, that the\- will be helped by their fellows in times of hardship. All real societies have possessed these values— values that give some ethical substance to
man on his joudney from the cradle to the grave. From this point of view, the challenge to management by the trade union is salutary and hopeful. It is the route— perhaps the only one— for saving our democratic society, and our contemporary industrial system as well. In some way, labor must achieve a genuine partnership with manage- ment and share more and more re- sponsibility with it."
Outlining the growtli of the indus- trial revolution, Tannenbaum traces the growth of personal insecurity with the growth of industrialization. Whereas the old time craftsman had his employer, who was usually a close associate, to turn to in time of need or stress, the worker in the industrial era could expect little help or sympathy from the coi-poration that employed him. The onset of industrial progress desti-oyed tlie closeness of family bonds; it eliminated the cohesi\-eness of the \-illage communit>- and the par- ish to which the freeholder had al- ways turned in time of trouble. It
10
THE CARPENTER
was this great sense of insecurit}' that brought the trade union into being. Down the }"ears the chief struggle of unionism has been to build up a sense of security for the individual worker in a highly insecure societ}^ This con- stant struggle for greater security' is the great consen,'ative force in our present societ}% Tannenbaum thinks. As such, he sees in it the one great hope for saving our democratic so- ciet}' and free enterprise system under which such great progress has been made.
Linking labor's increased demands for not only wage increases, but greater social securit\^— such as the annual wage— with a changing rela- tionship between employee and man- agement, the author states that there is an "ever-increasing sense of inter- dependence bet^veen a union and a company. It is clear, indeed, that an annual wage can only be derived from a stable and profitable enter- prise, and that it can be regularly sustained only if workers assume their need of responsibilit)' for keeping the enterprise stable and profitable, to share with management some of the problems and the burdens of impro\- ing quality, increasing quantity', and cutting costs."
The President's Fact Finding Board activities in the steel dispute of 1949 suggests, the author continues, "that workers ha\'e a \"ery direct and con- tinuing stake in the total well-being of the industry," if the industry is to become the primary source of tlie worker's social security. The proposal of the Board "which in its implica- tions marks a new departure in the U. S. mdustrial relations pattern, is tliat a new program of social security', to be paid for by industr\-, with the blessing if not the active support of go\ernment, is now to be inaugu- rated. In broad outlines, this proposal has been adopted b\' the automobile-
telephone, iiibber and other indus- tries, e\en if in modified form."
Such proposals imply, the autlior says, "the identification of the work- er's life-long interests with the for- tunes of a company or an industrv^ in which his lot happens to be cast," as not onh' his job, but such benefits as medical care, maternit}' and sickness insurance, and related benefits are also involved.
Thus, labor will not only be work- ing more closely with management, but will have an active voice in management as union members will prosper and be secure only as their companies prosper and are secure.
Peering into the future, Tannen- baum sees hopeful signs of a decen- tralization of our industrial might; a shift from huge cold-blooded corpora- tions operating in dht}', crowded cities, to smaller plants located in clean airy communities closer to na- ture. In this respect, he ventures to make the following predictions:
"Our giant plants and congested cities, our national industries and na- tional unions, all result from the way in which we organize our energ}"— of hand, brain, and machine. The big, centralized, and complex character of our economy has been molded by our industrial arts and technology. But a change in the technological basis of the econom}', from the big and centralized and complex to the small and spreadout and simple, now seems very possible.
"Man}^ signs portend it— the auto- mobile, the mechanization of the farm, the radio, tele\ision, the com- pact new units for generating electric ^ power, deep freeze units, and the rapid spread of hydroponics (gro%\iii of plants witliout soil) and fish farm- ing which together make it possible to raise food in incredibly small space.
"Perhaps within a reasonable time the industrial unit will be small— em-
THE CARPENTER 11
ploying not more than Rve hundred tional and an international market. It
people. It may well be that a\;ailable would limit the role of the modem
energy and technology can keep hours corporation and the modern union. It
of labor short. The local plot of land would fa\'or proprietary ownership, so
and the local pond could then per- essential to moral and personal iden-
haps pro\'ide alternative opportunities tity with the ^^'ork done. I would like
for emplo>'ment. The new diesel en- to confess the hope that this dispensa-
gines and electric windmills could tion will come to rule the lives of
furnish electric energy to enable men, and bring to them that sanity
skilled craftsmen to use power tools and sense of values which they can
in their homes instead of the factory, find only within small groups about a
If all this should happen, a \'ery dif- common task, in the parochial com-
ferent econom}' would emerge. It munity, and in close contact with the
would reduce the importance of a na- soil."
New York Council Honors Home Guests
While conferring with the General Executive Board during its mid-winter session in Lakeland, Florida, Charles W. Hanson, president of the New York State Council, conceived the idea of sponsoring a dinner for all the guests at the Home who hail from New York State. Suiting action to the idea, arrange- ments for such a dinner were made at The Cadet Restaurant. With the assis- tance of Marshall Goddard, Home Supervisor, ample transportation for taking care of the old timers from New York State was provided. In a body they arri^'ed at the restaurant to sit down to a fine dinner at which each and every one of them was a guest of honor. A happier group of men could not be found in the state. With anywhere from thirty to fifty years of membership in the United Brotherhood to their credit, they had a common heritage of loyalty and faithfulness to the cause of labor.
Food, cigars and refreshments, all of the best, were plentiful, and the old timers did justice to them all. Happily the elder craftsmen whose sinew and skill helped to create the majesty and might of New York State relived old days and hashed over old, half -for gotten incidents. The hours slipped by as they reached back briefly into the days of their era.
Charles Johnson, Jr., Board Member from the First District, spoke briefly and recalled the great contributions which the old timers made to the build- ing of the United Brotherhood into the solid and stable organization it has become. He thanked them one and all for the years of loyalty and de\'otion they gave to organized labor. Albert Miltner, New York City business repre- sentative, also made a short address in which he lauded the fine work which old timers are still performing in all localities in the state. At the conclusion of the dinner, Hanson presented each of the honored guests with a nice me- mento. And thus came to an end a very memorable occasion.
Are You REGISTERED? If not, why not?
12
The Military Needs Watching
• • •
ORGANIZED labor has watched with increasing concern the growth of an unhealthy practice in establishments which are controlled by the military. The practice consists of using enlisted personnel to do work that has been done traditionally by civilian workers at civilian rates of pay. The Army has done a fair share of such fudging in recent years, but the Na\y is the chief offender. In many Navy Yards throughout the nation civilian workers have been complaining bitterly at the growing usurpation of civilian jobs by enlisted personnel. Actual hardship cases have been reported, as dis- placed civilian craftsmen have had to ^ '.
tear up roots and move elsewhere in search of employment because some service men were filling their jobs. Numerous complaints to the Depart- ment of Defense regarding the prac- tice have brought forth nothing but denials. Meanwhile, the practice con- tinues.
Last month the Metal Trades De- partment of the Federation really lowered the boom on the Na\y in this connection. The Department de- manded that an end be put to the dangerous and silly practice immedi- ately. In a clear cut statement in the Metal Trades Bulletin, the Depart- ment made it plain that more than jobs are at stake in the issue. In part, that statement said:
Howe\er, the latest challenge to the navy yard worker is something else. It is something which is being fostered and carried out by some who are either not aware of the traditional practices of the Navy Department in its relation with ci\'ilian employes, or who do not care. The new practices are alleged to result in economies of operation and to effect economy of government spending.
We assert that present practices, in substituting enlisted personnel, are neither economical, sound strateg-
ically, nor fair to the trained navy shipyard personnel. Any economies which may result from payroll reduc- tion of civilian personnel are more than balanced by the numbers re- quired to perform like work from other sources.
So there may be no misunderstand- ing about labor's attitude toward the enlisted sailor, let us say we offer no criticism of him whatever. We have the highest admiration for him. He represents the finest type of young American manhood. The vast majority are the sons of workers. Large num- bers are the sons of men who are dependent upon work in the naval shipyards for their li\'elihood. True to their oath to their nation, if ordered they are compelled to carry out the orders given them, dissatisfied as they may be. We would not have them do otherwise.
Further, make no mistake about it, we all favor economy in the admin- istration of our go\'emment, regard- less of its branch, and who it may affect. But, we submit that it is not economy, nor is it just, that military personnel, enlisted for military dut}', with the attendant benefits and obli- gations, be used to replace govern- ment employes at lower rates of pay,
THE CARPENTER
13
and yet at higher aggregate costs- that compulsory guaranteed labor be used to replace free labor. This is to- talitarianism in its initial stages.
There is still another aspect to this invasion of civilian rights which must be apparent to those charged with the administration of national defense.
Present practices create the possi- bility that workers in the future, if they are recruited for naval shipyard work, will request rates of wages comparable to those they could ob- tain in private, commercial employ- ment. The attraction of working in the navy yard will be dissipated by the knowledge that as soon as enlisted sailors are a\'ailable and not needed for the purpose for which they enlist- ed, they will take the mechanics' jobs. Surely this is not a very inviting pros- pect for the mechanic or the recruit- ing of one.
In addition to the previous com- ments, it is evident that attention shoud be focused upon another phase of current developments which may well transcend in importance any other question which has been raised.
We refer to the gradual usurping by the military of functions which are essentially civilian. We agree that full and complete defense measures are necessary to protect our nation, its people and our way of life. In accepting this premise, American people must never forget that our government is one of laws, one of representatives chosen by the people of the nation in free elections; a go\'ernment responsive to the wish of the majority of the people, or as it has been so aptly expressed, "of, for ' and by the people."
Under such a form of government it is difficult to foresee any possibility of that government being challenged from within.
However, we assert that today there exists a challenge to the rights of
civilians. This is evident in the grad- ual assumption by the Department of Defense in the replacement of free labor by enlisted, military personnel.
It is not difficult to envisage mili- tary dictatorship, without military personnel under military control and conditions carrying out every phase of defense operations, including those civilian in character.
In the formation of our government it was never proposed that the mili- tary branches should be a law or body unto themselves. The Constitution provides for a civilian commander-in- chief in the person of the President of the United States. This principle has been further carried out by the selection of civilians to be the chiefs of the various departments of defense. This system has proved eminently satisfactory in the past. Perhaps not to those whose horizon is clouded with visions of an entire Nation's economy and people being subjected to the efficiency, precision, and obei- sance of a marching army, but we must accept the fact that under ci- vilian control, we as a nation, have managed to get the job done for a century and three-quarters. Compari- son with the history of other nations of the world, who have moved from monarchies to pseudo-democracies, to dictatorships, proves the wisdom of continuing civilian control of all branches and agencies of our gov- ernment.
But, we must submit that with the complex, scientific, highly technical development of defense mechanisms, a temptation is oflFered to military administrators to by-pass the ci^'ilian and to become an agency apart and free from the everyday, not too effi- cient seeming, administration of a real functioning democracy such as our own.
The nation expects its civilian ad- ministrators to protect it against any movement which might destroy or
14
THE CARPENTER
tend to destroy its essential civilian character. We want to believe that this basic comer-stone of our freedom will be as zealously guarded in the future as it has been in the past.
We believe the principle must be practiced, not on the basis of econ- omy of operation in terms. of dollars and cents, as is professed at the present time in the use of enlisted personnel and the discharge of civil- ians, but on the basis of the preserva- tion of an ideal.
Billions of dollars have been spent in the past to preserve our democ-
racy. Billions are being spent now. Billions will be spent in the future. Great sacrifices have been made in devastating wars. We do not propose to permit this most cherished posses- sion of the people of our nation to be undermined and menaced under the guise of economy or ambition.
And, we further submit, that we have every right to expect that work traditionally performed by civilians continue to be performed by them, and that any move away from tradi- tional civilian administration in any branch of our government be halted.
LOCAL UNION 1176, GRADUATE APPRENTICES
Winding up the four years of study and work, seven young men of Fargo, N. Dak., recently received their journey- men certificates at a banquet held at the Graver Hotel. A large number of mem- bers of Local Union 1176, friends and contractors saw the young men receive their certificates and welcomed them into the industry as qualified journeymen on the 6th day of December, 1949.
Reading from left to right are: Earl Bus- by, Director of Apprentice Training Service; Wilfred Hemm, Robert Carson, Orville Swan- son, Wilbur Hemm, Joe Henning, Governor Fred G. Aandahl, Talbert Odegaard, Oliver Stoutland, Contractor, Ervin Jacobson, Harry Blair and Charlie Carson.
SAN DIEGO AUXILIARY COMPLETES 23rd YEAR
The Editor:
Cheerio, and all good wishes to our Sister Auxiliaries from Auxiliary No. 170, San Diego, Calif.
We were organized October 28, 1926, and recently celebrated our 23rd year. Since 1941, oiu- Brotlier Local 1571 has permitted the Auxiliary to hold meetings in its hall, located at 3760 Fainnount Ave., E. San Diego, without charge.
The following are a few of the highlights of our activities during the past year:
Every second Saturday evening we have social meetings, with our families attending, ^vhich include potluck suppers, games, dancing, etc. The third Thursday evening of the montli, we do charity sewing, and serve refreshments to the men after their meeting. Our regular business meeting is held every fourth Friday of the month. A luncheon precedes the meeting.
We hold a bazaar and dinner annually, which is our largest money-making e\ent of the year. Last year we bought a new range for the kitchen.
A benefit dance is sponsored by Local 1571 every fourth Saturday evening with our Auxiliary serving the refreshments, proceeds of which go to help some needy member.
The California State Council of Carpenters held its 22nd Annual Convention in San Diego, March 2, 3, 4, 5, 1950, and all tlie five joint Ladies' Auxiliaries from the "Deep South" or San Diego County, entertained the \isiting ladies who attended the Convention.
Fraternally,
Del Schulte, Recording Secretary.
Be sure your Local Union books a showing of these two United Brother- hood films —
THIS IS YOUR BROTHERHOOD
and
CARPENTERS HOME
3s:x?\?os:x>^-N>:rx>s>
Produced by authorization of the General Executive Board, tliese two films— in color and sound— show the General Office in action and the Lakeland Home taking care of old time members. There is no charge for the use of these films. They are loaned out by the General Office on a first come, first served basis, to Locals, Councils and Auxiliaries. If you haven't seen these films, urge your Local Union to book a showing as soon as possible. Take it up at the next meeting. Full details may be obtained by dropping a note to:
Maurice A. Hutcheson,
First General Vice-President,
Carpenters Bldg., 222 E. Jlichigan St. Indianapolis 4, Indiana.
£^£^CNC:^>0£Ng;C^O£;^JCNO£N55CVC^^
BUT JOE KEEPS TRYING
Joe Paup is a stubborn man. Else he would realize the utter futility "of beginning each monthly session of check writing with a tirade against his wife's extravagance. He never wins. Take the time he accused her of buying furs just to show off in church. What was her reply?
"Joe, dear," she sweetly retorted, "you are all wrong— as usual. I bought them just to show what a sweet, generous husband I have."
Another time he said, "Baby, we simply have to economize. If I died, where would you be?" To which she retorted, "I'd be right here. The question is, where would you be?"
Still stubbornly persisting, Joe dourly ob- served on another occasion, "If I had known you were so extravagant, I would never have married you." To which tlie lady cooly retorted, "If I hadn't been, father would never have let you."
You would think all this would have taught Joe to keep his big mouth shut. But no! The very next month at bill paying time he cracked, "Your extravagance is
© 1950 C^AHL ^TAMMTzl
IT'hink you could slip a few clauses into a contract I'm negotiating with the union?"
&"^5 1 P
unbearable. When I die you'll probably! have to beg."
Without dropping a stitch in her knitting, Mrs. P. demolished him with, "Well, I, should be better off than some poor women ^ who have never had any practice."
• • • . ON THE SLOW SIDE
In the expectation that unemployment will pass the five million mark in June when the 1950 crop of high school and college graduates hits the labor market, the Amer- ican Federation of Labor is urging strong and immediate action to stop the upward trend of joblessness before it is too late. Among other remedial measures, tlie AFL' recommends a substantial increase in the; buying power of the nation's workers: through wage increases. Increasing pro-i ductivity and more than adequate profits place many industries in a position where they could raise wages moderately without! increasing prices. However, neither thei goverrmient nor business in general seem; very much concerned about the alarming' trend that is developing in the job market.. For our money they sort of resemble two convicts who were assigned to the same cell.
"How long you in for?" asked convict ( No. 1.
"Seventy-five years," replied No. 2. "How long you in for?"
"Ninety-nine years," replied No. 1.
"Then you better take the bunk closest to the door," replied No. 2, "because you will be getting out before I do."
• * • THE WAY IT IS
Eminent foreign psychiatrists were being taken around a French insane asylum. In the corridor they met one of the patients.
"Why," one of the specialists asked him, "do you remain huddled up in this corner all alone, scratching yourself?"
"Because," replied the madman, "I am the only person in all the world who knows where I itch."
And this explains why Communism will never work successfully. The big boys think tlie state can do all the scratching for everyone, but what they forget is that each person alone knows exactly where he itches.
THE CARPENTER
17
GETTING ON
The young husband had just arrived liome from the office.
"^^'hat's the matter, darUng?" he asked. "You look flustered."
"Oh, I've had a dreadful day," his wife answered. "First baby cut his first tooth, tlien he took his first step, and then he fell and knocked out his tooth."
"^^^ell, and then what happened?" asked her husband.
"Oh, darling," she ans\A-ered in a shocked voice, "he said his first word!"
* • •
GENUINE EMERGENCY
A young surgeon received a telephone call from a colleague inviting him to make a sLxth at a httle poker game.
"Going out?" asked his wife suspicious!}'.
"I'm afraid so," came the prompt reply. "It's an awfully important case. There are five doctors there already."
• • • HOTELS TO REPAY TAFT
A recent letter circulated among all hotel keepers in Ohio by "The Ohio \^oters," an outfit of business men backing Taft, cer- tainly takes the cake for something or other— ma>'be guts.
The letter gives Taft the "credit" for excluding hotel employes from the seventh- five cent minimum wage written into the Wage-Hour Law recently. In part, the letter said: "We suggest you compute what it would have cost you to put j^oiur entire working staff on a 40-hour week and a 75- cent minimum wage. Then j^ou will kno^^' how many dollars the amendment, exempt- ing you from the wage and hour scale, will save you. . . . Taft described that amend- ment in detail on the floor of the Senate the day it was up for action. He discussed it in a manner most favorable to us. The exemption amendment is now law."
Enclosed with the letter was a pledge card suggesting that hotel keepers donate to Taft's campaign part of the money his actions on the amendment saved them.
If hotel keepers want to tlirow part of the money they saved into Taft's campaign, that is tiieir pri^■ilege. Let them do so. Our suggestion is that tlie thousands of hotel workers who lost the right to tlie 75-cent minimum and 40-hour week through Taft's actions register and vote against him on election day.
BETTER QUALIFIED
The doctor had for a patient a stubborn, self-opinionated man who disregarded most of his ad\ice and diet rules. After the third visit, with no improvement in the man's con- dition, the doctor blew up. "I cannot under- stand your muhsh attitude." he snapped. "I have done all that I could for you, but >-ou refuse to follow m>' directions. I sug- gest that in the futiure, you consult Dr. X, do^^•n the street."
"Why, that man is a veterinar>'!" the stubborn one exclaimed.
"I am well aware of the fact," die doctor replied. "Good-day, sir!"
• • •
THE SHORT-SIGHTED POLICY
A young man once found a $2 bill in the road . . . from that time on he never lifted his eyes from the ground while walking. In the course of 40 \'ears he accumulated 29,- 516 buttons, 52,172 pins, 7 pennies, a bent back, a miserable disposition. He lost the glories of the light, the smiles of his friends, the songs of the birds, the beauties of Na- ture and an opportunity to serve his fellow man and spread sunshine.
And this is about the \^-ay it is with non- union workers;— they keep their eyes fast- ened so tightly on the dollar dues they save that they miss the glories of decent living and service to tiieir fellow men.
18
Imports Won't Hurt Us
By Bert M. Jewell and Clinton S. Golden. ECA Labor Advisors
* *
IX RECEXT months, we have grown increasingly aware of rumblings from some labor sources o^"er the Go^'emment's reinforced plan to boost imports from Europe into this country. Some workers ha^'e become afraid —that the proposal will lead to such a tremendous flood of European goods on the American market that similar U, S. made products will not sell. This, they reason, will cripple domestic industn.- and put them out of work.
This fear— of being thro\Mi out of \^-ork— is a \'er\- strong one, particularh- here in America in this generation. .And we sympathize \\ith it most strongly. We have all of us suffered too many }-ears because of unemplo\'ment and the memory is still piercingh" ali\-e. And so the fear is powerful— and, as often happens, it has
translated itself in- to dissatisfaction. The dissatisfaction is directed at that agency which most informed people know is principal- ly involved with carrying out this aspect of the Gov- ernment's program.
We are speak- ing, of course, of the Economic Co- operation Administration, with which we are associated as Labor. Advisors to Administrator Paul Hoffman. Both of us have discussed this problem with Mr. Hoffman and we all felt that it should be clarified, for the good of the industries and workers who are now^ so uneasy— and ultimate- ly for the well-being of the entire country.
In an attempt to do this, Mr. Hoff- man recently wrote a detailed letter to Senator H. Alexander Smith in which he described the position of ECA with respect to imports from Europe. It is our feelkig that the
One of the oldest and most controversial questions in the American economic picture is that of imports. Almost from the day the United States became a sovereign nation the question of whether to import or not to import has divided opinion sharply. During the depression high tariffs versus reciprocal trade agreements kept a running debate go- ing not only in Congress but in many news- papers and magazines as well.
With Uncle Sam now proposing to boost Imports of foreign goods as a means of help- ing European nations build up their econ- omies, the whole question takes on a new importance, especially in view of the fact unemployment is steadily climbing here at home. This article, by the two top labor advisors to the government's European re- lief program, insists that the increased im- ports proposed will not hurt American in- dustry. Next month we will run an article giving the other side of the picture.
trade unionists of America should know intimately \ man}' points which he clarifies and we shall set forth some of them.
Most significant- ly, Mr. Hoffman em- phasized through- out his letter that the American econ- omy will not be ad- versely affected by increased imports of European goods. He stated:
"I don't behe^■e that anyone could argue that increased imports amount- ing to one-third of one per cent of our total output ^ of goods • could have any appreciable effect on the total economy; nor, of course, is there any- thing to the argument that when we import goods we are importing un- emplo>Tnent.
"If we do not import, we cannot export; and if we do not export, we create unemplovment in the export field."
THE CARPENTER
19
Mr. Hoffman pointed out that tariff concessions can be granted "only within the framework of the Recipro- cal Trade Agreements Act." He em- phasized that concessions can be and hsLve been granted only after careful review. And then:
"I know of no instance in which tariff concessions have jeopardized the life of any American industry."
Mr. Hoffman revealed that experi- ence with Reciprocal Trade Agree- ments Act has shown it is possible to reduce duties in many industries with- out doing serious harm to American businessmen. Actually, in the event of serious injury to American business because of a concession in reciprocal tariff negotiations, the Tariff Com- mission is required to increase rates. Yet in all the years since the "escape" clause has been in operation, only a handful of industries have asked for relief. The majority were dismissed for lack of evidence of serious injury.
Here are the details which he pre- sented:
"Only the following industries have applied for relief under the "escape" clause: spring clothes pins, candied marrons, wool knit berets, whiskey, crude petroleum, hops, rattan reeds, sponges, narcissus bulbs, knit gloves and mittens, woven silk fabric, stencil silk and women's fur felt hat bodies. A formal investigation was ordered in the case of clothes pins, but the case was later dismissed.
"The next eight cases were dis- missed for lack of evidence of serious injury. In two cases only a single firm was involved and in several cases the only injury was that part of the prewar market had been recaptured by foreign suppliers. The whiskey case arose because, at the time, the production of American distillers was limited by the shortage of grain— a condition that has passed. The knit glove situation continues under study
to insure that serious injur>' does not occur in the future from re\iving Jap- anese competition, though it had not occurred at the time the industry sought relief. The last three cases are still pending. This record certainly seems to indicate that American busi- ness has not been seriously hurt by tariff concessions."
Mr. Hoffman expressed the view that there are only two sound ways to reduce Europe's dollar gap. One, he said, would be to reduce require- ments for dollar imports "through building up economic sources of sup- ply in Europe itself and in other non- dollar areas;" the second, by "increas- ing Europe's dollar earnings through direct, and triangular trade."
"This means, of course," he contin- ued, "that we must sell less to and buy more from Europe. There is little appeal in such a program but ff we do not sell less and buy more, we must either continue our aid or see the European economy placed in grave danger."
Mr. Hoffman emphasized again and again that he does not belie^'e "the apprehensions as to the effects of a slight increase in imports are well founded." He suggested, however, that should the new competition re- sult in a loss of employment, it might be desirable to develop programs for retaining and relocation of workers, such as we had during the war.
"I repeat," he declared, "that it is my belief that (business) failures due to increased imports would be so ut- terly insignificant that I consider this question of relocation and retraining of workers academic rather than fac- tual."
To businessmen who are concerned about competition, he suggested that "it is domestic, not foreign competi- tion, to which they should address themselves."
20
THE CARPENTER
In closing, Mr. Hoffman declared: "May I state that there are reasons other than economic why every effort should be made to bring the trade between the United States and Eu- rope into balance at a reasonably high level. The relationships between Eu- rope and the United States can be sound only if there is no element of
charity in that relationship. Europe wants to pay her own way and we should help her to do so. We in EGA in administering this program have constantly kept in mind that the only charity of enduring value is that char- ity which lifts people above the need of charity."
Labor's Elder Statesmen
At the recent American Federation of Labor convention, William Green, president of that venerable body, paid high tribute to a group of elder labor statesmen whose combined service to the labor movement totals several lifetimes. In the accompamang picture, Green (seated) is talking over old times witli Joseph A. MuUaney, president of the Asbestos Workers for thirty-seven years and sixty-one years a union man; Frank Duffy, a veteran of forty-seven continuous AFL conventions and now General Secretary Emeritus after forty-
seven years slimlc tu tlie United Brotherhood as General Secretar>'; John C. McDonald, fifty years a member of tlae Elevator Constructors, and president since 1938; Wm. J. Mc- Sorely, president of the Latliers for forty-four years; William L. Hutcheson, member of the United Brotherhod for almost fifty years and General President for the past thirty-five; Daniel J. Tobin, a union member for half a century and president of the Teamsters for the past forty-two years; Robert Byron, a \'eteran of fifty-two years in unionism as a Sheet Metal "Worker, and Joseph D. Marshall who has been active in the Construction Labor- ers Union for better than fifty years. President Green himself holds a union card dating back sixty years, although serving as Federation president only since 1924.
21
Pensions in Canada
LIKE MOST of their fellow workers south of the border, the vast ma- jority of Canadian wage earners is seriously pondering the tvvin prob- lems of old age and old age security through pensions. If anything, the Canadian toilers have wrestled with the problems e\en longer than their brothers in the United States. There are a number of pension plans inaugu- rated by Canadian companies which date back more than tsvent>^-five years. However, facts and figures on the overall pension picture in Canada are woe- fully lacking. Recently the Labor Gazette published a summarization of results obtained by a government survey of a number of existing pension plans, from which the following is gleaned.
"There is little information avail- able on the cost and the adequacy of protection provided by employees' pension plans in Canadian industries," the Dominion Bureau of Statistics states in its reference paper, Em- ployees' Fension and Retirement Flans. A survey of industrial pension and welfare plans was carried out by the Bureau at the end of 1947, but was concerned mainly with the extent of coverage and certain other character- istics, and did not include data on amount of contributions and benefits. With a view to providing such infor- mation, the Bureau has made a sup- plementary study of existing plans.
The information presented in the reference paper was compiled from 29 booklets prepared by companies for the use of their employees, which were attached to completed questionnaires submitted in connection with the 1947 survey. The Bureau explains that it is not possible to determine how many firms and employees are actually cov- ered, as no request had been made for such material and, also, not all firms have information in printed form available. However, because of a cer-
tain amount of uniformity in some of the features, it is felt that the informa- tion is of interest.
Ten of the plans studied were found to be non-contributory, i.e., plans where the employees do not contrib- ute to the cost, and one contributory for salaried employees and non-con- tributory for hourly-paid employees. Several firms have contributory annu- ity plans supplemented by company- financed pensions. In one case an annuity plan is financed by employees only, but supplemented by company- paid pensions.
Only in some instances does the fact of a plan being contributor)- make for higher benefits than the usual for formula described below.
In most cases the company bears the entii-e cost of contributions for past service. Only in one case is the cost for past service borne entirely by the employees.
The amount of employers' contribu- tions is generally not stated; by some it is given as "not less" than a certain percentage ranging from 1 to
22
THE CARPENTER
5). In one case employees' and em- ployers' contributions are equal. The amount of employees' contributions is usually a fixed percentage of earnings (3 to 7); in one case it varies also with the age at joining the plan, younger employees paying a lower percentage. In all cases the employees' contribu- tions are deducted from the wages.
The most frequent formula for the calculation of benefits is one per cent (in some cases up to IV2 per cent) of the average annual earnings, based on the last ten or the highest paid ten years of service, for each year of serv- ice. In some plans the percentage for years of past service is slightly lower than for years of future service. Under one plan benefits are 13 per cent lower for women in view of their higher life expectancy. One company reports benefits as a fixed amount, instead of a percentage of earnings, for each year of service another sets an annual benefit of 1/60 of the total earnings since joining the plan, and under one contributory plan the annual pension is 45 per cent of the employee's total contributions.
In spme cases a minimum benefit is guaranteed, mostly an amount of from S240 to S360 a year, but under one plan it increases according to length of service. A few non-contributory plans also set an upper limit ranging from $900 to $2,500 a year, or a cer- tain percentage of earnings.
Where a pension plan is admin- istered by the Annuities Branch of the Government of Canada, benefits are in accordance with the schedules. As annunities are limited to $1,200 a year, they are in some cases supplemented by another pension plan.
One contributory plan provides that pensions from other sources may be deducted, but generally it is provided under company-paid plans that other
income is not deductible except ir de- rived from a competitive business.
One non-contributory plan provides slightly reduced benefits for married males in order to cover survivors also.
In cases where the employee leaves the employment before qualifying for pension the usual provision is that he is entitled to the benefits resulting from his own contributions. Under one plan an employee gets the bene- fits also from a certain percentage of the employer's contribution after at least five years' service.
The normal retirement age is gen- erally fixed at 65 years but many plans provide for a lower age— 55 or 60 years— for female employees. One plan extends the maximum up to five years for male employees who join the plan at a higher age.
Another plan sets the normal re- tirement age at 70 for male employees and 60 for female, but voluntary- re- tirement is possible at 65 at lower benefits. Under this plan benefits are based on IVs per cent of average earn- ings for each year of service. Under the remaining plans provision is made for earlier or later retirement in cer- tain circumstances.
Several plans, among them most of the non-contributory plans, require a certain length of service, ranging from 15 to 25 years, to establish eligibility for benefits. After 30 years' service, age requirements are sometimes re- duced. Some plans provide for pen- sions regardless of age in cases of dis- ability after 15 years of service.
Eligibility for participation in the plan in many cases is conditional upon a stated length of service, var}'- ing from three months to five years. In one case the period is three years for male employees and five years for female. Age appears also as a deter- mining factor in some plans, the upper
THE CARPENTER
23
limit being the retirement age or other ages ranging from 40 to 65 years. In some cases this hmit is 5 to 10 years lower for females. Where a minimum age is required, it is between 20 to 34^^2 years; in some instances it is 4 to 5 years higher for females.
Under some plans part-time and temporary employees, or those paid on a commission bases only, are ex- cluded from participation.
Under all contributory plans par- ticipation is voluntary for employees on the staff at the time the plan is instituted. Under some plans partici- pation is compulsory for new em- ployees; one is compulsory for new male employees only.
The plans are administered by com- mercial companies or a trust fund, and by the Annuities Branch of the Federal Department of Labor.
LOCAL UNION 2094 PASSES 12th MILESTONE
On the evening of Jan. 13th, Local 2094, Chicago, celebrated its 12th Anniversary at Eagles Hall, 3316 W. Madison St.
In the presence of some 350 members, the pictures of "General Office" and the "Car- penters' Home" were shown and enjoyed, together with a buffet supper which was so graci- ously prepared by Anne Hetzel, wife of our Business Agent, Aleck Hetzel. A Barber Shop Quartette entertained the members M'ith some very fine selections which added to the en- jo>anent of the e^■ening.
Seated: Frank Zelmar, Business Agent of Local 1307; Stanley Johnson, Secretary- Treasurer Chicago District Council; Leon Bruce, Business Agent of Local 141.
Second Row: Edward Daley, Recording Secretary, Local 2094; Hjalmar Erickson, Busi- ness Agent of Local 62; Ralph Hansen, Business Agent of Local 181; Willard Thaisen, President, Local 2094; Aleck Hetzel, Business Agent of Local 2094; Chas. Marks. Financial Secretary of Local 2094; Chas. Thompson, Business Agent of Chicago District Council.
Back Row: Oscar Swanson, Trustee of 2094; Martin Fischer, Trustee of 2094; Russell Frees, Trustee of 2094; Jack Hill, Secretarj^-Treasurer, Illinois State Council of Carpenters; Abe Thompson, Business Agent of Local 183, Peoria, 111.
The Local was also honored with tlie presence of some visiting members of other organiza- tions; namely, Jack Hill, Secretary-Treasurer of the Ilhnois State Council of Carpenters; Stanley Johnson. Secretar>'-Treasurer of the Chicago District Council: Frank Zelmar, Busi- ness Agent of Local 1307; Leon Bruce, Business Agent, Local 141; Hjalmar Erickson, Business Agent of Local 62: Ralph Hanson, Business Agent of Local 181; Chas. Thompson Business Agent of Chicago District Council and Abe Thompson, Business Agent of Local 183, Peoria, 111.
Local 2094 wishes at this time to thank General President William L. Hutcheson for the pictures of "General Office" and "Carpenters' Home" which togetlier widi some able speakers and fine entertainment, made our 12th Anniversary a very successful one.
Editorial
Taft Is Out Of Step
Like the flag-bearer who marched straight down the street while the rest of the parade turned the corner, the Taft-Byrd Senate combine seems to be marching by itself these days. Every piece of social legislation that has come up in the last two sessions of Congress has found Taft and Byrd in violent opposition. "Socialism" and "economy" are the two pegs upon which they hang their non-concurrence hats. Anything that tends to afford the common people greater security from the vicissitudes of old age and the uncertainities of our economic system Taft and Byrd seem to oppose almost automatically as being too sociahstic or too expensive.
Xot many years ago that was the tune that business in general was singing. In recent months, however, many segments of business seem to have seen the light. \\'hen some of the nation's leading business magazines start plugging for liberalization of the Social Security program and passage of some sort of legislation to improve the nation's health at the low income level, it can hardly be said that all business is opposed to social legislation. These things have already transpired. Last month "Business Week," one of the foremost indus- trial publications in the nation, came out editorially and unequivocally for liberalization of the Social Securit}' program along the lines laid out in H. R. 6000, which the House passed last year. This is a fight that labor has carried on for a long time. Now that labor's eflEorts seem close to success, "Business Week" climbs on the bandwagon. With the same arguments labor has con- sistenth' used in its fight for decent pensions, the business organ echoes labor's own words.
"Why is there so much steam behind the drive to expand the Social Se- curity program?" the magazine asks, and then gives its answer: "The chief reason is that time has made the present Social Security pension plan, orig- inally passed in 1935, obviously inadequate."
Even in 1935 the pensions were much too low "and the cost of li\'ing has risen almost 70 per cent since then," declares "Business Week." It cites the fact that average annuities under the act are far less than the "charit>-" pen- sions paid by states to needy aged.
"The pension plan simply isn't doing the job it was designed to do," the magazine adds. "That was to provide an insurance plan that would make people who are too old to work independent of charity."
Of course there may be an ulterior motive behind Business Week's a\-owed liberahsm in this particular case. A number of industries have conceded to their employes (at considerable prodding from the unions) pension plans that include Social Securit)'. The most common plan calls for a $100 per month pension including Social Securit}". Naturally, the higher the Social Security benefits go, the less employers will have to shell out to make up the SIOO. For all that, however, "Business Week" does admit that present Social Security' benefits are wholly inadequate. And it further admits that pensions ought to
THE CARPENTER 25
make people too old to work independent of charity. Since these are the things labor has long contended, there is no use delving too deeply into the motives that prompted the magazine's change of heart.
But "Business Week" is not the only business publication that has seen the foolishness of fighting decent social legislation and thereby giving Communism additional ammunition for recruiting purposes among the least privileged. Recently the Luce publications, particularly "Time" and "Fortune," editorially recognized the necessity for adoption of a national health program. The mag- azines opposed socialized medicine but they recognized the need for some sort of program to make adequate medical service available to all citizens, and some sort of prepayment system for eliminating ruinous costs of serious ill- ness. Even in organized labor, few people are in favor of straight socialized medicine. What most working people want is adequate medical care for all under a system that places the cost within the means of the indi\'idual.
With magazines like "Business Week" and "Fortune" recognizing the need for sound social legislation, it is clear that black reaction is fading out in some sections of business. Publications of this type seldom lead the parade. They do not make business policy. Rather they try to smell out trends and climb on the bandwagon. That they are now approving social reform may indicate better days ahead for all.
However, Taft and Byrd and their followers are still marching down "Hold Everything Street" while the parade has started turning down "Progress Avenue."
There Is Room for More Enlightenment
One can seldom pick up a newspaper or magazine these days without read- ing at least one story about how "enlightened" business has become in recent years. According to these pieces, all the heavy-handed employers who ex- ploited, browbeat, and victimized their helpless employes in the pre-union era are now gone; consequently unions are not really needed any more. It sounds fine; but a look at the farm labor situation as it exists today in the Southwest proves otherwise. There the big farm corporations are legally importing thou- sands of Mexican peasants to work their fields at a time when many American farm workers are without jobs. Furthermore the legal quota is being evaded by importation of untold numbers of "wetbacks"-Mexican laborers who are illegally smuggled into this country. The result is the kind of a glut of labor that profit-hungry corporations like; several men, unschooled, ignorant of the language, and practically helpless, bidding against each other for each a\ail- able job. That is how "enlightened" the big agricultural corporations of the west are. Not only are American farm workers being demoralized and hurled into the lowest pits of poverty, but it is only a matter of time before the demoralizing effects will be felt in other industries as farm workers, in despera- tion try to invade other industries.
It is incumbent upon the U. S. Government to avert further demoralization and impoverishment by formulating a workable and equitable system of re- cruiting, transporting, placing and housing American migrant farm workers.
And in the meantime it looks as if unions v^ill continue being needed, for a few more years at least.
THE LOCKER
By JOHN HART. Local Union 366, New York, N. Y.
Here are 50 more True or False questions taken from a test held recently by the City of New York for the position of carpenter. Take 2 points for each correct answer. Total points is your percentage. Passing mark 76^. .Answers on page 29.
16 questions can be answered readily and \^'ith absolute certainty' 16
20 of the remainder you are prett\- sure. Say you get three-quarters right 15
14 are left,, of which you know nothing. By guess you should get half right 7
Percentage 76% ~38
True or False
1. An arch center is a form used in concrete construction
2. Wood screws range in length from ^4 inch to 6 inches
3. The combined tliickness of 2 dressed 2x4's measures 8^4 inches
4. Matched T and G flooring is always milled to standard lengths
5. The molding on top of a baseboard is called a bed molding
6. Rafters running from hip to plate are known as jack rafters
7. A ribbon board and a ledger board mean the same thing
8. Finished o-inch flooring measures 2^2 inches on the face
9. A hanger bolt is used in furniture construction
10. The brace table can be found on the framing square
11. A dowel sharpener is a tool used to measvire tlie diameter of tlie dowel
12. Tail joists are set between trimmers
13. Floor beams are sized to even widtlis
14. Beam tops in places where deafening occurs should be chamfered
15. Sub flooring should be tightly dra\^-n together by toe nailing
16. Trees are classified into tsvo groups
17. Lagging strips are part of an arch center
18. A semi-elliptical arch has only one radius
19. A molding consisting of a cove and ogee is called a crown molding
20. Flush girder construction requires the use of a ledger board
21. Tlie plates at the comer of a building meet in a half lap joint
22. A stor>- pole is used to support a girder
23. Hot glue sets slower tlian cold glue
24. Dowels are usually made of maple wood
25. A bull nose plane is used for planing close to projecting parts
26. A corona is a member of a cornice
27. A take-apart framing square has tliree parts
28. A queen truss has four sides
29. Hard woods are generally sawn into standard ^\idths and lengths
30. The bed of a jack plane is 16 inches long
31. A turning saw and a coping saw can be used for the same t>"pe work
32. Bar clamps and handscrews are iisually made of like material
33. A mending plate is a flat piece of metal \\itli holes for wood screws
34. A jig saw and a band saw have similar rotar>- action
35. A bed molding is also known as a crown molding
36. Casing nails and finishing nails are the same
37. A segmental arch has two radii of unequal lengths
38. A rabbet joint can be cut on a jointer machine
39. Some circular saw blades have inserted teeth
40. A tliumb latch is applied to the face of a door
41. Sheathing appHed horizontally shrinks in a horizontal direction
42. The length of a screwdriver is measured from the point to the top of handle
43. A face plate is part of a latlie
44. Through naihng of a finish floor is inferior to toenailing
45. The teetli of a wood file are coarser than those of a wood rasp
46. Laminated stock is stock which has been glued edge to edge
47. X. C. pine is commonly used for exterior siding
48. A T sill used in balloon frame construction requires no fire stops
49. A muntin divides tlie panes in colonial type \^indow sash
50. A bastard file is as effective as sandpaper to smooth a cur\"ed surface
Official Information
General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS
of AMERICA
Gbneeal Office : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General President
WM. L. HDTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
First General Vice-President
M. A. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Acting Secretaet
ALBERT B. FISCHER
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Second General Vice-President
JOHN R. STEVENSON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Treasurer
S. P. MEADOWS
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Executive Board
First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, JR. Ill B. 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y.
Fifth District, R. E. ROBERTS 3819 Cuming St., Omaha, Nebr.
Second District, O. WM. BLAIBR 933 E. Magee, Philadelphia 11, Pa.
Sixth District, A. W. MUIR Box 1168, Santa Barbara, Calif.
Third District, HARRY SCHWARZER 1248 Walnut Ave., Cleveland, O.
Seventh District, ARTHUR MARTEL 3560 St. Lawrence, Montreal, Que., Can.
Fourth District, ROLAND ADAMS 712 West Palmetto St., Florence, S. C.
WM. L. HUTCHESON. Chairman ALBERT E. FISCHER, Acting Secretary
All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the Acting Secretary
SPECIAL NOTICE
We \\dsh to remind all Locals that the 26th General Convention of the United Brother- hood of Carpenters and Joiners of America will be held in the Auditorium of the Cincinnati Masonic Temple, Cincinnati, Ohio, beginning September 5, 1950, at 2:00 P.M. and continue in session from day to day until the business coming before tlie Convention has been completed.
The Convention Call was issued under date of March 4, 1950, by authority of tlie Gen- eral Executive Board. In accordance with tlie General Executive Board, as per tlie Con- vention Call, all Delegates and Alternates must be elected in the months of April and May, instead of June and July and the names of the Delegates elected to be in the General Office not later tihan June 15, 1950.
The Recording Secretary must report at once to tlie Acting General Secretary the name and post ofBce address of the Delegate and Alternate under penalty of fine as provided in Paragraph F, Section 18 of our General Laws. When the name of tlie Delegate is reported to tlie General Office, blank credentials and further information will be sent to tlie elected Delegate.
We also wish to call your attention to the following:
All amendments to the General Constitution submitted by the Local Unions, District, State or Provincial Councils for the consideration of the Convention shall be forwarded to the office of the Secretary and in accordance with the action of the General Executive Board will be published in our journal, "The Carpenter," after the July 15th date preceding the Convention and no further amendments shall be considered by the Constitution Committee other than those submitted in accordance with the above, but amendments to any Section can be offered from the floor during th« report of the Constitution Committee.
Fraternally yours,
ALBERT E. FISCHER, Acting Secretary.
Ji n 0i
Not lost to those that love them, Not dead, just gone before;
i> tnttrtant
They still live in our memory, And will forever more
%tsi in ^tsctt
The Editor has been requested to publish the nameB ef the following Brothers who have passed away.
HENRY ALLABACH, L. U. 824, Muskegon,
Mich. HERMAN J. AUBIN, L. U. 94, Providence, R. I. LUCIEN BERNIER, L. U. 94, PROVIDENCE,
R. I. FRED BLOCK, L. U. 264, Milwaukee, Wis. CECIL BRIGHAM, L. U. 871, Battle Creek,
Mich. JOHN B. BOITEAU, L. U. 801, Woonsocket
R. L. JOSEPH A. BOUTIN, L. U. 94, Providence,
R. I. ARTHUR BROWN, L. U. 544, Baltimore, Md. CHARLES J. BROWN, L. U. 322, Niagara
Falls, N. Y. O. R. BROWN, L. U. 1822, Ft. Worth, Tex. JACOB CHRISTENSEN, L. U. 20, N. Y. N. Y. DANIEL COLE, L. U. 281, Binghamton, N. Y. PATRICK CORMIER, L. U. 94, Providence R. I. H. L. CROW, L. U. 1822, Ft. Worth, Tex. WILLIAM H. CROWELL, L. U. 40, Boston
Mass. MARTIN CRUMM, L. U. 20, New York, N. Y. THOMAS DAY, L. U. 67, Boston, Mass. MINOR i-DECKER, L. U. 281, Binghamton, N. Y. ABRAHAM DOBSON, L. U. 1677, Thorold,
Ont., Can. WILLIAM DUGGAN, L. U. 35, San Rafael, Cal. JOHN W. ESTEP, L. U. 1202, Merced, Calif. KARL F. FEYHL, L. U. 1489, Burlington, N. J, MICHAEL FINNERAN, L. U. 20, New York,
N. Y. THEODORE FUCHS, L. U. 488, New York, N. Y. G. W. GIBSON, L. U. 388, Richmond, Va. CLYDE GILES, L. U. 11, Cleveland, Ohio PETER GINDT, L. U. 943, Tulsa, Okla. LOUIS GLASER, L. U. 808, Brooklyn, N. Y. HERMAN A. GREENART, L. U. 500, Butler, Pa. JACK HANSEL, L. U. 1449, Lansing, Mich. JAMES L. HUGHLETT, L. U. 943, Tulsa, Okla. JOHN A. JOHNSON, L. U. 20, New York, N. Y. PAUL KELLER, L. U. 1367, Chicago, 111. JOSEPH A. J. KING, L. U. 94, Providence, R. I. SAMUEL W. KIRBY, L. U. 67, Boston, Mass. ISAAC KORPELA, L. U. 264, Milwaukee, Wis. EARL R. LIPPINCOTT, L. U. 1489, Burlington,
N. J. W. A. LOVE, L. U. 618, Sikeston, Mo.
PETER J. McLaughlin, L. U. S, Philadel- phia, Pa. L. O. MILLER, L. U. 943, Tulsa, Okla. KENDALL MONAHAN, L. U. 20, New York,
N. Y. SIDNEY MORGAN, L. U. 94, Providence, R. I. EDWARD MURPHY, L. U. 67, Boston, Mass. LOUIS NORDLE, L. U. 625, Manchester, N. H. FRED NUNNALLY, L. U. 1749, Anniston, Ala. JOHN J. OBERMEYER, L. U. 264, Milwaukee,
Wis. ROBERT PALM, L. U. 2236, New York, N. Y, VERNON PASHOTE, L. U. 316, San Jose, Cal. J. HARRY REAGAN, L. U. 16, Springfield, IlL LOUIS REINSTEIN, L. U. 246, New York, N. Y. FRED ROBERTS, L. U. 337, Detroit, Mich. JOSEPH ROTHMUND, Sr., L. U. 6, Amsterdam,
N. Y. HJALMAR SAAMANEN, L. U. 2236, New York,
N. Y. C. J. SCOGGINS, L. U. 1683, El Dorado, Ark. DAVID SHARROW, L. U. 1154, Algonac, Mich. MICHAEL SHEEHAN, L. U. 281, Binghamton,
N. Y. JAMES F. SIZEMORE, L. U. 60, Indianapolis,
Ind. CYRIL J. SMITH, L. U. 1426, Elyria, Ohio ISAAC W. STOCK, L. U. 298, Long Island City,
N. Y. RAY F. STODDARD, L. U. 30, New London,
Conn. PERCY STUART, L. U. 281, Binghamton, N. Y. CHARLES SWANSON, L. U. 625, Manchester,
N. H. SAM TARDANI, L. U. 824, Muskegon, Mich. WILFRED TERRY, L. U. 94, Providence, R. I. LOUIS THEN, L. U. 488, New York, N. Y. FRANK TRETHRIE, L. U. 871, Battle Creek,
Mich. LEE WALKER, L. U. 1692, Galesburg, 111. CORNELIUS WALRAVEN, L. U. 67, Boston,
Mass.
ROBERT E. WATSON, L. U. 67, Boston, Mass. M. C. WELSH, L. U. 1692, Galesburg, 111. JOHN WESTERLUND, L. U. 316, San Jose, Cal. ROBERT WOODS, L. U. 16, Springfield, lU. ISRAEL YUM, L. U. 67, Boston, Mass. LEWIS ZAGERS, L. U. 2391, Holland, Mich. BERNARD ZIEFANG, L. U. 322, Niagara Falls, N. Y.
THE CARPENTER
ANSWERS TO "THE LOCKER"
29
the
The answer is one word, eitlier True or False. right answer. What follows is added by way of
If you'\e got the right word you've got comment.
|
1. |
True. |
|
2. |
True. |
|
3. |
False. |
|
4. |
False. |
|
5. |
False. |
|
6. |
True. |
|
7. |
True. |
|
8. |
False. |
|
9. |
True. |
|
10. |
True, |
|
11. |
False. |
|
12. |
False. |
|
13. |
True. |
|
14. |
True. |
|
15. |
False. |
|
16. |
True. |
|
17. |
True. |
|
IS. |
False. |
|
19. |
True. |
|
20. |
True. |
|
21. |
True. |
|
22. |
False. |
|
23. |
False. |
|
24. |
False. |
|
25. |
True. |
|
26. |
True. |
Used in masonry work also. From Xo. 0 to No. 30, screw gauge.
Twice 1% ins.^3y4 ins. Random lengths generally. It is called a base molding. Also known as hip jacks. Broadly speaking. It measures 2V4 inches. Like the bolt that secures the leg in a knock-down table. On the back of tlie tongue. It is used in a brace like a pen- cil sharpener to chamfer dowel ends.
That's the answer. When set on level beds. To reduce the surface area. Should be spaced slightly. Deciduous and evergreen. Broad leaf and needle leaf. Hardwood and softwood. Take your pick.
Narrow, spaced strips nailed across the ribs.
An approximate elliptic arch has 3 centers and 2 radii usually. That's near enough. See what your building code has to say about it first. That's the proper way. It is a heiglit rod used to carry various check marks from floor to floor.
It sets much faster. We would say birch. The cutter is way up front. It is tlie projecting part under the cyina recta of a classic cor- nice. The bed mold goes under.
27. False.
28. True.
29. 30.
31. 32.
False. False.
True. False.
33. True.
|
34. |
False. |
|
35. |
False. |
|
36. |
False. |
|
37. |
False. |
|
38. |
True. |
|
39. |
True. |
|
40. |
True. |
|
41. |
False. |
|
42. |
False. |
43. True.
44. True.
45. False.
|
46. |
False. |
|
47. |
False. |
|
48. |
True. |
|
49. |
True. |
|
50. |
False. |
2 parts. The tongue and blade, if you don't count tlie screw. Tie beam, collar beam, 2 main rafters.
Random widths and lengths. Iron jack planes run from 11% to 15 inches long. The turning saw is much larger. A bar clamp is iron. A hand- screw is made of wood. You can buy them in the dime stores. Many a home is held to- gether with a dollar's worth of mending plates.
The jig saw jigs up and down. See Question 19. A casing nail has a flared head and a heavier gauge. Being an arc it has 1 radius. By adjusting the table. Of extra qualitv' steel. Usually a batten door. It shrinks vertically. It is measured from the ferrule to the tip of the blade. The acti\e disc opposite the tail stock.
Except when it is 5/16 inch square edged.
The teeth of a wood rasp are punched in.
Laminated means face to face. Could be used for sheathing. It acts as fire stop itself. Sometimes called a sash bar. Files are graded, coarse, bastard, second cut, smooth. A bastard file is rather coarse if compared to, say. No. 1 sandpaper.
LANSING LADIES KEEP ACTIVE
The Editor:
Greetings to all sister Auxiliaries from Auxiliary No. 545, Lansing, Mich.
We are a small group but hope to get more members. ^
We meet the second and fourth Thvu-sday evenings of the month in tlie Carpenters Building.
About once a month, we have a card party which is open to all carpenters and their families and friends.
Recently Local 1449 piu-chased an electric range for the kitchen, which will enable us to serve suppers. We appreciate this very much. They have also built cupboards and tables. . .
We invite all wives, mothers, sisters and daughters of members of Local 1449 to join
us as members.
Fraternally,
Ethel King, Recording Secretary.
CorrospondoncQ
This Journal Is Not Responsible for Views Expressed by Correspondents.
SCRANTON LOCAL HOLDS ANNUAL PARTY
The banquet room of the Hotel Casey, Scranton, Pa., was never merrier than it was on the night of February 28th, last, when Local No. 261 held its annual dinner dance there. Some 250 members, friends and invited guests were on hand to help the union celebrate in
grand style. Witli plenty of fine food and lots of good fel- lowship everyone was in a hoU- day mood and a great time was had by all.
Alphonsus L. Ca.sey, prom- inent Scranton attorney, spoke on the dangers inlierent in the Taft-Hartley Law. Teddy O'Keefe, Wilham A. Kendrick and Daniel McKee, officers of the Pennsylvania State Council, were on hand to give a few \"ery brief remarks. Also pres- ent was E. J. Horo, Vice-Pres- ident of the Essex County Dis- trict Council, Newark, N. J. From the Scranton Building Trades Council, William F. Horan, Anthony Bonacuse, Ross Smirne, Al. Catarino, Phil Brady, Jack Harding. Joseph Cor- coran, and John Burke were on deck to extend felicitations from other building trades crafts. All in all, the e\ening proved to be a complete success and aU are looking forward to the next similar e\'ent.
Pictured above is the arrangements committee responsible for the successful celebration. First row, left to right, Stan- ley Green, Matt Rossi, Richard Gohsler, Joseph Canterbury, Harry Hinkler, Joseph F. Bartell, Charles J. Harvey, Thomas F. Flynn. ,
Second row, left to right: Henry Skibinski, Joseph Marcin- cus, Patrick Armen, Robert Feguson, Joseph Fitterer, Kermit Pilger, Paul Ross, William Laffey, Albert Cetta.
SPARTA, ILLINOIS, LOCAL JOINS GOLDEN CIRCLE
Local Union No 479, Sparta's oldest labor union, \vith the possible exception of the United Mine Workers local, celebrated its 50th anniversary with a dinner and program at Calvin Hall, First Presbyterian Church, Friday, February 10th.
About 35 members of Local No. 479, and their wives enjoyed a dinner served by ladies of the church and listened to an interesting program, with the financial secretary, Oscar Stahlman, as master of ceremonies.
R. J. McMichael, a charter member, was the center of attraction and occupied a place of honor at the head table. Mr. McMichael was one of ten men who organized the local at Sparta on February 17, 1900. Previously, these men had belonged to the old Federation of Labor but saw the need of their own union and decided to organize.
In a short talk, Mr. McMichael said that he started work as a carpenter at 15c per hour, working a ten-hour day. Finally, the daily wage scale was raised to $2 and members thought they had just about reached the peak. Mr. McMichael was presented a bouquet as a tribute from other members of the local.
Minutes of Local 479 ha\e been kept intact since the organization and are in the hands of Mr. Stahlman. The membership has increased until today 72 members are enrolled, most of them being Spartans.
The minutes show that as recently as 1911, the minimum scale for carpenters was only 40c per hour and apprentices were paid 20c per hour.
THE CARPENTER
31
CARPENTERS PLAN PARTICIPATION IN WESTERN CONFERENCE 0\
APPRENTICESHIP
Tlie District Council of Carpenters of Portland and Vicinity at its recent meeting held at Portland, Oregon, January 12, 1950, passed a resolution which shows the keen interest in apprenticeship. Further evidence of this is that both Clell Harris and Lloyd Goodwin are on the Planning Committee. Clell Harris, Secretary-Treasurer of the District Council of Carpenters, is on the Finance Committee, and Lloyd Goodwin, Apprentice Coordinator, is on the Program Committee.
The Western Conference on Apprenticeship will be held at Seaside, Oregon, during May 22-26, 1950. While planning this conference every effort has been made to preclude weak points which ha\'e been observed in previous conferences of tliis nature. Very gener- ous assistance has been given by other regions in the country- in assisting in the planning of this conference. The records of the experiences of other regions have been studied to insure the best results.
The Oregon State Federation of Labor has been actively engaged in tlie promotion of tliis conference and tlirough its officials, information on the conference has been dissemi- nated to all local unions in Oregon. At recent conferences of state-wide trade groups reso- lutions have been presented and passed supporting tlie \\'estern Conference on Apprentice- ship. All those interested in participating are being notified that accommodations can be reser\ed through tlie Seaside Chamber of Commerce.
The conference will consist of panel discussions led by leaders of tlie industries which nonnalh- benefit through apprenticeship. Anyone desiring further information on program planning ma>' contact Clell Harris, 310 Labor Temple, Portland 4, Oregon, or Lloyd Good- win of tlie same address.
U. B. MEMBERS ALWAYS EXTENDING HELPING IL\ND
The above carpenters of Local 525 Coshocton, Ohio, played the part of the Good Samaritian, when the American Legion of West Lafayette, Ohio, made an appeal for some help in rehabilitating its quarters. They laid 2000 ft. of floor- ing and did other carpenter work that was needed. After the work was com- pleted they were served a fine meal by the Legion members. Tlie Legion ex- pressed their sincere thanks to the boys for their fine spirit and cooperation.
Mr. Stoneburner, Business Agent of
T „ 1 ,-.T- 1 1 1 r ,, 1 C. Parks, D. Cain, M. Christian, C. Stoneburner,
Local d2o, had charge of the work. h. Harding, E. Strohacker and R. Strohacker.
LOCAL UNION NO. 1006 APPRENTICE JOINT BOARD ^ ERY ACTRE
The joint Apprentice Board of Master and JourneyTiien Carpenters, members of United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, Local Union No. 1006. New Bruns- wick, New Jersey, are doing a remarkable job in operating the Apprentice program to the letter, all as per Apprenticeship Standards.
Robert E. Ross. 2nd, Chainnan, \\'illiam Connolly Sr., and Louis Gons are the Master Carpenter members, and William H. Dunliam, Business Agent, Andrew Black and Nic- holas L. Arace, Secretan,', the Joumejiiien Carpenter members of this Board.
All apprentices while attending school and working in the field, are imder constant and rigid supervision, and this Board feels that when their apprenticeship is completed, tliey will be skilled mechanics.
OflScial classroom visits are made by this Board in a body, with Frederick Forges, Apprentice Coordinator, in charge, to secure first hand information on all apprentices.
To a large extent the fine success achieved b>- Local Union No. 1006 in connection with tliis program, can be credited to tlie unselfish and untiring efforts of ever>- member on this Board.
32 THE CARPENTER
UTAH STATE COUNCIL HOLDS SPRING CONVENTION
The Utah State Council of Carpenters held their Spring Convention at Brigham City, Saturday afternoon, March 25th. The Council is composed of nine affiliated locals, namely Brigham Citv, Logan, Ogden, Salt Lake City, Provo, Tooele, Price, Kamb, and Millmen's Local No. 725 of Salt Lake City.
Ernest Cox, President, presided over the meeting which was in session from 1:00 P.M. Delegates from all of the Local Unions affiiliated with the Council were present.
Sherman Lund, Apprenticeship Coordinator for the State of Utah, gave an interesting talk on Apprentices, and the need for skilled craftsmen in the Building Trades, in the U. S. today.
Work problems throughout the State were discussed tiioroughly during tlie meeting.
Election of officers was held and B. J. Wilson of Local 184, Salt Lake City, was elected President. William G. Ryan of Local 1498, Provo, was elected Secretary-Treasurer.
Ernest Cox, the retired President, had been president for the past five years. Mr. Cox was elected President Emeritus of the Council and he was also elected an honorary dele- gate of the Council. Ernest Cox has carried a union card for the past fifty years, and has been a popular president with the State Council. A vote of appreciation and gratitude was given to Ernest Cox for his fine efi^orts in our behalf.
The Ladies Auxiliary of Brigham City Carpenters Local No. 1886 entertained the delegates' wives in the afternoon by taking the ^■isiting ladies through the new Indian School, located at Brigham City. Later in the afternoon bridge and pinochle games were played.
In the evening at 6:00 P.M. a banquet supper was served at the Howard Hotel. The food was evcellent. Fi\e local entertainers put on three acts of vaude\'ille, which was greatly enjoyed by all present.
At 9:00 P.M. a dance was held in the Carpenters' Hall. Refreshments were served and a lovely time was enjoyed by everyone present.
The officers of Local 1886, the Ladies Auxiliary, the arrangement conmiittee and all the members of Local 1886 have the thanks of the State Council and also the thanks of the delegates and their wives for a good convention.
The mid-year convention of the State Council of Carpenters will be held in Salt Lake City, Utah the last Saturday in July, 1950.
PROUD LITTLE CANANDAIGUA LOCAL MARKS 50th ANNIVERSARY
Canandaigua, N. Y., area's oldest and for many years only labor organization cele- brated its 50th birthday anniversary early in March.
About 50 officers and members of Canandaigua Local 502, celebrated the occasion during a banquet at Red Top Inn, East Bloomfield. Many of them were accompanied by their w)\es or other members of their families. District and state officers of the union were featured speakers.
But by far the most honored of those attending was Bernhard (Ben) Nill, the local's only active charter member and now one of three trustees.
Nill alone remains in good standing of those who on Feb. 26, 1900, gathered for a formal ceremony here that marked the initiation of the local.
He still remembers well ceremonies that installed the local's first officers. They were: President, Bert H. Clark; vice president, Charles Freer; recording secretarj^ F. J. Fain- bairn, financial secretary, George Martin; treasurer, Henry Weller; conductor, William Palmer; warden J. E. Kimball; and trustees, Frank Perr>', John Barnett and William Smith.
Present officers of the local are president, Herbert H. (Herb) Famsworth, of Chapin; vice president, Addison Huchins; treasurer, John Scammell: financial secretary, Lester J. Butler; recording secretary, W. E. Andrews; warden, Don Paterson; conductor, Harold Kimble; and trustees, H. S. Tiffin, Joe Muscato and Nill.
Toastmaster for the event was Ralph Brye, Rochester, president of the Rochester Dis- trict Council. He was introduced bj' President Famsworth.
Speakers were Anthony Schneider, Rochester, district business manager, and John O'Donnell, New York Cit>% international representati\e.
All women attending the banquet were presented with corsages. It was followed by entertainment and dancing.
THE CARPENTER
33
CLIFTON LOCAL MARKS 25th BIRTHDAY
Last year Local Union No. 1939, Clifton, N. J. rounded out its twenty-fifth year of service to the carpenters of the community. The occasion was celebrated with a fine dinner dance which drew a large attendance and proved to be a great success. Special guests included members of the Passaic County and Vicinity District Council and their wives. Also present was General Representative Raleigh Rajoppi, who is also president of the New Jersey State Council. Brother Rajoppi gave a short but effective address.
Brother Adolpli Zanetti acted as master of cermonies. After a short welcoming speech he gave a very enlightening history of the local.
Following an excellent dinner, tlie members, wives and special guests present en- joyed the two colored movies "Carpenters' Home" and "This is our Brotherhood". The films were very well received. Following the showing of the movies, dancing and refresh- ments were made available to all who were interested. All who attended declared the celebration an unqualified success.
RICHMOND CELEBRATES GOLDEN ANNIVERSARY
On October 22nd of last year, Local Union Golden Anniversary. In the presence of a large
Pictured above is the fine roster of old time members of Local Union No. 388, each with over thirty years of membership, who were honored guests at the union's Golden Anniversary cele- bration. Reading from left to right, they are: B. D. Motley and grandson, H. L. Sale, M. S. Morris, J. B. Berkison, D. C. Bailey, R. W. Flour- ney, H. A. Haurand, E. L. Reams, A. J. Eheart, J. M. Wade, W. H. Gaul, W. A. Moran, and T. A. Dewsberry, who between them make up almost 500 years of membership.
No. 388, Richmond, Va., celebrated its number of members, friends and guests, the local paid special tribute to the large number of old timers in the organization. Local Union No. 338 is extremely proud of its twenty old timers each of whom has more than thirty years of continuous membership to his credit. President George L. Turner acted as master of ceremonies and welcomed as honored guests the old time members. Brother Dan Bailey who has nearly half a century of membership to his credit responded for the old timers. At the present time some eleven members of the local are on the pension roll.
A fine buffet supper was served, after which the two Brotherhood films "Car- penters' Home" and "This is our Brother- hood" were shown. The Films ehcited many complimentary remarks. Other en- tertainment rounded out the evening. Special guest at the event was General Representative Lee W. Sorrell.
FULTON LOCAL DISPLAYS CHRISTIAN SPIRIT
Two thousand >ears ago the Carpenter of Nazareth roamed the world preaching brother- hood and neighborliness. Down the years his teachings have pointed the way to build a better world. That his teachings have not been forgotten was recently proved by Local Union No. 887, Fulton, Ky., and the people of tlie community. When a flash fire late last year destroyed all the worldly goods of two widowed women and their five children, seven people were left absolutely destitute. Neighbors pitched in to give what aid they could but for all their generosity the aid they could give was limited. For the burned-out family the situation appeared to be black.
But then the spirit of the Carpenter of Nazareth manifested itself. The community undertook to raise enough funds to procure a new home for the unfortunate fire \'ictims. Funds began to roll in. Small contributions and sizeable contributions rolled in. Soon there was enough to buy a place that had possibilities but was desperately in need of repairs. But that situation, too, was soon remedied, tlianks to the pubhc spiritedness of tlie officers and members of Local No. 887. Working in their spare time on a \ oluntary basis, members of the union got the house into liveable condition as quickly as possible. So a little group of people whom fate had dealt a hard blow quickly reco\ered from a tragedy that could have resulted in untold misery except for tlie Christian spirit of the people of tlie community.
34
THE CARPENTER
BARRE LOCAL PASSES HALF CENTURY MARK
A banquet and social party at Elks Hall on the night of February 17th marked the fiftieth anniv-ersary of the founding of Local Union No. 481, Barre, Vt. Some hundred or more members, friends, and guests were on hand to help the union make its fiftieth birthday party a huge success.
Irman R. Hill, secretary' of the organization, and a member for 38 years, served as toastmaster and recalled the early history of local No. 481. He introduced the speaker of the evening, William Francis of Boston, general representative. The latter spoke of union activities and congratulated the officers and members of the Barre area who still formed a strong representation of the carpenters and joiners in New England.
Toastmaster Hill introduced all of the organization's officers, each of whom offered remarks appropriate to the anniversary occasion. He particularly cited some of the older members and officers who have rendered long service to the local. In this particular cat- egory he commended Harry Holt, who was financial secretarj' and treasurer for about 27 years, until stricken ill last fall. Odiers who were presented as having long served the organization were Frank Colvin, a past president and trustee; Oscar Sla>ton of Mont- pelier, secretary, a member since 1901 and secretary for many years; Harlan Maxfield, treas- urer and secretary many years, and Henry Holt, long time president and a trustee.
Oldest members and their date of joining were listed as Charles Rowell and Percy Ellenwood, both of South Barre, who joined in 1900; Oscar Slajiion of Montpelier and Frank Colvin, 1901; Alex McKenzie of Manchester, N. H., and Bert St. Cyr, 1903; Harlan Maxfield, 1905, Henry Lunde, 1906, and Henry Holt of \Mniamstown, 1907.
The ladies and menfolk of tlie Cobble Hill Grange were caterers and servers of the delicious chicken pie supper which preceded the anniversary.' festivities. Ice Cream for the large helpings of apple pie, and after-dinner cigars, were donated by the Flint Lumber Companj', and a large specially made three-tiered anniversary cake was presented by the Allen Lumber Company. Mrs. Lucy Austin had charge of the catering.
The affair was arranged for by Inin Hill, Robert Batchelder and Harold Thygesen.
SAN MATEO LOCAL SPONSORS HALF-CENTURY PARTY
With some 600 members, friends and wives present, Local Union No. 162, San Mateo, Cal., on the night of November 2nd celebrated the fiftieth anni\ersary of the granting of its charter with a long-to-be-remembered dinner dance. Superb food, good entertainment and fine speaking all combined to make the e\ent a successful one.
Brodier U. S. Simonds, Jr., who acted as toast master, in- troduced the speakers and spe- cial guests to the audience. Among those whom he intro- duced were: Charles PhilHps, President of the Local; Mayor Daniel Creedon of San Mateo; Mayor Daniel Lo\e of Burfing- ame; Joe Cambiano, general representative and a member of Local No. 162. All gave short but informative addresses which were thoroughly enjoyed by all. However, the real guests of honor during the evening were Brothers Neal BurweU and Bert Miller, the two re- maining charter members of the local who helped to bring it into existence just before the turn of the century. The two veterans were given tremendous ovations. The dinner was followed by a champagne toast to the charter members. An address by Brother Cambiano on the past history of the local and the progress made by the International together with an address by C. J. Haggerty, State Federation President, on the need for increased po- litical action on the part of labor rounded out the evening. Dancing for young and old closed the affair.
Seated from left to right: Andrew Ew^en, Trustee, Silas Hays, Vice-President; Neal BurweU, charter member, J. F. Cambiano, Representative; Fred Scroggins, Chas. Phillips, President, and James Warren Trustee.
Standing: Roy Honerlah, Warden; A. H. Eikenkotter, Trustee; E. C. Peixton, Recording Secretary; Earl Honerlah, Business Agent; Geo. Brunner, Financial Secretary, and Fred Gillespie, Warden.
THE CARPENTER 33
BEDFORD, INDL4NA, LOCAL CELEBRATES BIRTHDAY
Local No. 1380, held a chicken supper in honor of its 47th Anniversary, January 6, 1950, in the Odd Fellows hall, with an attendance of 76. Included were the wives of members and special guests and their wives. The Local was founded Jan. 6, 1903, with 18 members t\vo of whom still survive. They are H. ^^'. Green and 01i\er P. Hunter.
Brother Green was selected Warden when tlie Local was organized and with the exception of six months, has held some office in this Local. Brother Hunter has always been a very faithful member but was unable to attend our anniversary' due to failing eyesight.
Brother Green was introduced and presented with a cash token by the President, who acted as master of ceremonies. The Brothers who held membership for thirt\' years or longer, %\'ere recognized for their long service.
Special guests of the evening were the Rev. and Mrs. A. N. Corpening. of the Baptist Church; Mayor Ivan H. Brinegar and wife; our International Representative, Cecil E. Shuev; a reporter of "Bedford Daily Times-Mail" with wife, and Photographer Dick Roberts, who proceeded to take a picture of the assembled group.
The Rev. Corpening gave an inspirational talk on the Carpenter of Nazareth: die Mayor spoke briefly and Brother Shuey gave a ver>' interesting talk on the importance of attend- ing the meetings of tlie Local.
Pictures of National Headquarters and of the Home at Lakeland were shown at the end of the meeting with vev}' gratifying comment. After viewing the pictures, Mayor Brinegar commented that tlie pictmres alone would make one want to become a carpenter.
OYSTER SUPPER MARKS IL\NNIBAL'S 50th BIRTHDAY
Over a hundred members of Local Union No. 607, Hannibal, Mo., witli families and guests attended a fine oyster supper at Eagles Hall on the night of February' 6tli. The occasion was a celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the local union.
The highlight of the evening's program was when tlie master of cermonies called Joe ^^'alker to the floor and presented him with a token pin in honor of his 50 years member- ship in the organization.
Joe \^'alker is the only li\ing charter member of tlie Carpenters Union in Hannibal. He was present in 1900 when 17 journe>iiien carpenters united to form Local No. 60 1.
In addition to being the only living charter member, Joe is also the oldest member of Local No. 607. He is 82 years old and he still is hving in tlie house on the South Side where he was born in 1868.
In addition to the oyster supper, a fine musical program was carried out.
I. H. White, chairman, Ernest Chamber, W. S. White, and L. P. Glascock consti- tuted the arrangements committee and opinion was unanimous tliat diey did a splendid job. The musical program over, tiie tables and chairs were folded and tlie floor cleared for dancing. Until a late hour the young and not so >oung danced to the tunes provided by a snappy orchestra.
Good management and ^^'ise leadership enabled Local Union No. 607 to round out half a centur>' of active progress and members and oSicers are looking forward to a second fifty years of growtli and service.
AUXILIARY 230 CELEBRATES 20TH ANNIVERSARY
The Editor:
Greetings from Ladies' Auxiliary No. 230, Springfield, 111.
We would like to tell you about our 20th Anniversary dinner, held December 10 at
6:00 P.M., in I. O. O. F. Hall. There were 62
present to enjoy the turkey dinner and all the trimmings which had been prepared by six of the members. Our Auxiliary was organized December 4, 1929. We still have 9 of our 30 charter mem- bers and they were all in attendance but one. We had as our special guests, Mr. and Mrs. John Ott. Mrs. Ott is one of our charter members, and Mr. Ott wears a 50-year membership pin in Carpenters' Local 16. They celebrated their 65th wedding anniversary last November.
A short history of our Auxiliary was given by the Recording Secretary. This was followed by a short program.
Our Auxiliary is doing nicely, but we don't get as many new members as we should, according to the Carpenters' membership.
We hold our meetings on the 1st and 3rd Fridays of the month at 2:00 P.M., but we meet every Friday all day and quilt.
We are always glad to ha\'e visitors any time.
Fraternally,
Xenia Newlin, Recording Secretary.
SIOUX CITY LADIES STAGE MEMBERSHIP CONTEST
The Editor:
Greetings to all our Sister Auxiliaries from Auxiliary No. 307, Sioux City, Iowa.
On February 16, we celebrated our 12th Anniversary with a dinner-dance at the hall of Carpenters' Local 948. We meet there on the first and third Thursdays of each month.
A hard-time party was the highlight of our activities in March. We had fonned two teams (the Go-Getters and the Joinettes) for a membership drive. Competition was keen and wonderful— it added lots of zip to our meetings. At the termination of the contest, we boasted 36 new members, bringing our roll to a total of 87. The hard-time party was the treat for tlie Go-Getters, who won by 11 points. The party was given for the Auxiliary members and their husbands; the men nearly stole the show with their clever costumes and hilarious antics, which included a Kangaroo Court. We feel that these social events help the members get acquainted and promote a feeling of geniality.
We also have Christmas parties, pot-luck suppers, picnics and sewing bees.
To supplement our finances, we have sold vanilla and shampoo, and have had bazaars and bake sales.
Our roster of officers is as follows: President, Mrs. M. J. Smith; Vice-President, Mrs. Gordon Moss; Recording Secretary, Mrs. Anthony Bolchunos; Financial Secretary, Mrs. Thos. Cullinan; Conductor, Mrs. Neil De Kok; Warden, Mrs. Geo. Barrett; Trustees, Mrs. Richard Downs, Mrs. Marion Stivers and Mrs. Glenn Edwards.
We ai^e eager to hear what our Auxiliary sisters are doing, so will some members of our large "family" please write?
Fraternally,
Mrs. Anthony Bolchunos, Recording Secretary.
THE CARPENTER 37
ENID LADIES SPONSOR BANQUET
The Editor:
Ladies' Auxiliary No. 203 of Enid, Okla., wishes to send Greetings to all Auxiliaries.
We celebrated our anniversary on Feb. 25, 1950, by having a lovely banquet. Mr. Melvin Martin acted as master- of ceremonies. Music was furnished by Mr. Olen Pender- graft, steel guitar; Miss Elizabeth Martin, piano, and Lee Goodman, accordion. Members and their families were present.
We now have 24 members and hope to have new ones. We ha\e gained 2 new mem- bers recently, and are very proud of oiu charter members.
Fraternally,
Mrs. Lee Goodman, Recording Secretary
NAPA AUXILIARY GOING STRONG
The Editor: 5 For an organization tliat started less tlian a year ago, Ladies' Auxiliary 544 of Napa,
!i Calif., has received much praise and interest from its large membership. At the present, we have about 60 members, of whom 36 are charter members. Four recently initiated ones are ; Mesdames Marie Cole, Barbara Shram, Anne Hewitt and Bemice Atkinson. We hope that j^ with the new drive now being started, we can more tlian double our membership. i We meet the 2nd Thursday at the Labor Temple for our business meeting and the 4th
Tuesday at a member's home for our social evening.
Our President, Mrs. Alden Luntey, has kept us busily interested all tliese months witli her fine leadership— each montli, carrying out a montlily theme, relating to holidays, etc., either with a dinner, a party or some health or welfare work, or to raise funds for our treasury. We plan to be able to attend the State Convention next year.
Our officers are: Mrs. Alden Luntey, President; Mrs. Harvey Platmaker, Vice-President; Mrs. Nels Hansen, Treasurer and Financial Secretary; Mrs. Herman Long, Recording Secre- tary; Mrs. Ray Lake, Mrs. Melvin Krenke, and Mrs. Fred Schoomnaker, Trustees; Mrs. James Breshears, Warden, and Mrs. Roy Dimmick, Conductor. We will welcome letters from any of our Sister Auxiliaries.
Fraternally,
Mrs. Wayne Hiserman, Publicity Chairman.
BINGHAMTON AUXILIARY BUYS PL\NO FOR CLUB ROOMS
The Editor:
Greetings to all our sister Auxiliaries from AiLxiliary No. 490, Binghamton, New York. Our charter was inaugiu-ated on Nov. 13, 1947. Our membership is still small, but is growing. Last month, we welcomed three new members and at present we are fonnulating plans to increase our membership.
We hold meetings the 2nd and 4th Thursdays of each montli except dining Jul\- and August, when we meet once a montli. The second Thursday is a business meeting and the I fourth a social evening.
We ha\'e a Sunshine Fund and send flo\\'ers and cards to sick members and their fam- ilies. This fund is kept in operation by money taken in from our "Pink Elephant," which we have at each meeting.
On December 22, we held our Christmas party for members and their families at which ; gifts were exchanged and lunch served.
In January, we drew names for "Secret Pals." Gifts are exchanged witli secret pals on special occasions.
We had a Valentine party on February 23. Each member addressed Valentines to otlier I members and the men who attend our social gatherings. Recei\'er of tlie cards paid tlie \ amount of postage marked on tlie card. This money was put in our Sunshine Fund.
After our meeting on March 22, we held a farewell party for one of our lo>al and faith- ful members, Mrs. Florence Reed, who is going to Hve in Spokane, Wash. She recei\ed a { gift from each member and a gift from the Auxiliary was presented to Mr. and Mrs. Reed. We contribute to civic and charitable organizations and help any member in distress. Our most recent activity was the purchase of a piano for our club room. We would appreciate ideas and suggestions.
Fraternalh',
Leali Kelly, Recording Secrctar>'.
i
38
THE CARPENTER
PORT ALBERNI IS ONLY ACTWE B. C. AUXILIARY
The Editor:
Greetings from Ladies' Auxiliary No. 517, Port Alberni, B. C, Canada. We organized in No\ember, 1947, and had our charter installed one year later by Brother Wm. Page, International Representative. On this occasion, we had a birthday
celebration with many guests from vari- ous Locals on Vancouver Island and the mainland of British Columbia.
At present we are tlie only active Auxiliary' in British Columbia, and have on our membership roll a number of out- of-town members, both men and women. These members attend meetings when- ever possible and assist the Auxiliary in various capacities.
We hold meetings once a month on the same night as Local 513. At the con- clusion of the meetings we serve lunch to both groups and ha\'e a social hour. This get-together seems to add a great deal in tlie way of fellowship. Our acti\ities include visiting any sick of the Auxiliary as well as the Brotherhood. Also, when required, we do welfare \A'ork among our own members.
This p^st Christmas, we held a party for the children of Union Carpenters. With an attendance of upwards of 200, a veiy enjoyable evening was spent with a Christmas tree, Santa Claus, gifts and candy.
We raise funds chiefly by dues and raifles. We are at present working on an afghan as a group project.
Fraternall}', Lois Tassie, Recording Secretary.
TORONTO LADIES SPONSOR ^L4NY GOOD TIMES
The Editor:
Friendly greetings to all Sister Auxiliaries from Auxiliary No. 303, Toronto, Canada.
Six months have elapsed since our last chat through "The Carpenter" and we have achie\ed quite a lot of activities since then.
Our big e\ent for tlie year of 1949 was our bazaar which was held November 24, at The Sons of England Hall. This proved to be a big success. Besides being able to reim- burse our treasury, we were able to send some of the proceeds to the Children's Hospitals, enabling them to have a little extra good cheer for Christmas; also, to tlie children of Europe through the "Canadian Save the Children Fund."
At intervals during the year, we gather up good used clotliing for this same source; also, knit or make little garments and needs for new babies.
We had a lovely Christmas party for our members' children and grandchildren.
We celebrated our thirteenth birtliday Feb. 24, 1950, by having a banquet in the King Edward Hotel, Toronto, ha\1ng as guests, our husbands, who, needless to say, are Brothers of Local 27, Toronto. There was no formality; therefore we enjoyed ourselves like one big family.
^Ve meet on tlie second Thursday of every month for our business meeting and every fourth Thursday for our social activities.
Fraternally, Doris E. Thorogood, Secretary.
Craft ProblQms
Carpentry
By PI. H. Siegele LESSON 260
Difference in Height of Walls.— The walls supporting an irregular pitch hip roof with a cornice must be built to accomodate tlie diflFerent pitches of tliat roof. For in- stance, you have an irregular pitch hip roof, in which a one-fourtli pitch and a one- half pitch are used, with the cornice over- hanging one foot. The difference in the height of the walls would be the difference
•^11 Fig. 1
il found in the two rises for the width of tlie cornice, or in this case, for a one-foot over- hang, it would be 6 inches. This problem and problems that accompany it will be covered in this lesson.
Irregular Hip Roof Plan.— Fig. 1 shows an irregular hip roof plan, on which the
problems of this lesson are based. Two dotted-line squares are shown applied to tlie drawing. The one to the bottom left, is apphed to a part of the roof that has regu- lar hips, while the square to the right is
applied to the plan where the hip roof is irregular. The dotted hues show the rela- tionship of tlie outside walls to the roof. At A and A is shown how tlie seats of die
valleys come to one side of the angle. At B is shown how tlie seat of tlie hip is offset from the corner, while at C and C tlie hips come directly over tlie corners, because the pitch of this part of tlie roof is regular.
Run, Rise and Rafter.— Fig. 2 shows die same roof plan shown in Fig. 1, giving tlie run, the rise, and the rafter of. A, an irregu- lar valley, B, an irregular hip, and C, a regular hip. The difference in the height of the walls is pointed out at a and b with double indicators. Study the drawing.
Fig. 4 Details of Difference in Heiglit of ^^'alls. —Fig. 3 shows a dotted-line square applied to the tail of a common rafter of tlie steep pitch shown in Fig. 2, using 12 on tlie blade and tlie rise of the pitch on tlie tongue. The tail of the common rafter for the lower pitch is shown by dotted lines. Here again, 12 is used on the blade of die square and die rise of tliis pitch on die tongue, as shown. The points diat should be watched are the distances a and a, which must be tiie same. The distance marked b, is the difference in the height of the walls. The top of tlie rafter tails must meet at point 12 on die blade of die
40
THE CARPENTER
square, as shown. In practice these points meet only in elevation.
Fig. 4 shows a little different way to ob- tain the same results. Here a detail of the
Fig. 5 C^
cornice is given of each of the pitches. The distances at a and a, again must be the same. Two ways of getting the difference in the height of tlie walls are sho\\"n at b and b. Study and compare Figs. 3 and 4. They deal wddi the same problem.
Seat and Tail of Irregular Hip Rafter.— Fig. 5 shows a detail in plan of tlie irregu- lar hip rafter tail, shown to the right in Fig. 2. The comer of tlie cornice is shown off center on the tail. The dotted-Hne square shows why tliis is so— die two be\"els must fntersect tlie side comers of tlie tail exacth" square across from each other. This keeps tlie two upper comers of tiie tail cut on tlie same ele\"ation. If the comer of die comice would center the tail of tlie hip, tlie two side corners would come at different elevations.
H. H. SIEGELE'S BOOKS
QUICK CONSTRUCTION.— Covers hundreds of prac- tical building problems, has 256 p. and 686 11. |2.50
BUILDING.— Has 220 p. and 531 il., covering form building, garages, finishing, stair building, etc. ?2.50.
ROOF FRAMING.— 175 p. and 437 il. Roof framing complete. Other problems. Including saw filing. $2.50.
CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.— Has 159 p., 426 il., covering concrete work, form building, screeds, rein- forcing, scaffolding, other temporary construction. $2.50
CARPENTRY. — Has 302 p., 754 il., covering general house carpentry, estimating and other subjects. $2.50.
BUILDING TRADES DICTIONARY.— Has 380 p., 670 il., and about 7,000 building trade terms. $3.00.
You cant go wrong if you buy this whole set.
THE FIRST LEAVES.— Poetrv. Only $1.00.
TWIGS OF THOUGHT.— Poetry. Only $1.00.
FREE. — With 3 books, one poetry book free, with 5 books, two. and with 6 books, three. (With less than 3 books, one of the poetry books for only 50 cents.)
Books autographed. Five-day Money-back guarantee.
Postpaid only when full amount comes with order. Order u U CIIT^n P 222So. Const. St. today. ■■■ ■■• OltVlttt Emporia, Kansai QUANTITIES — 12 or more books 20% off, f.o.b. Chleaoo
How to obtain die points for marking the edge be\el for the hip seat cut, is shown by Fig. 6. The diagram shows a right-angle triangle representing the run, rise, and lengdi of rafter (tail) as if it were lying on die side. The side wall line is extended, as sho^^'n bj' dotted line, gi^■ing the tangent
Fig. 6
point on the tongue of the square. The rafter lengdi is transferred with, the com- pass to the seat line, as shown by the part- circle. Now die rafter length taken on the blade of die square and die tangent on the
Fig. 7 5 0 ^
tongue ^^■ill gi^'e the edge bevel of the seat— the rafter lengdi giving die bevel. Because die rafter lengdi, as shown, is longer than die blade, both the rafter lengdi and die tangent should be divided by 2. which will give a reduced rafter length and tangent to use on die square.
Fig. 7 slio\^'s a detail in plan, of the ir- regular hip tail, giving three views of the seat cut. At A die tail is shown in place;
THE CARPENTER
41
at B it is shown on the side, giving a view of the seat and tail cuts; at C is a bottom view, looking straight at it, and at D is the
Fig. 8 l\
other side view. In other words, if you will imagine that what is shown at D is rolled
Fig. 9
back to position A, you will have the right idea. The cornice is indicated by dotted lines.
Seat and Tail of Irregular Valley Rafter.— Fig. 8 shows a detail in plan of the valley rafter tail, shown at the center in Fig. 2.
New! Amazing!
Flexible
Steel 6 Ft. Folding Rule!
» BEND m
• TWIST IT!
• STEP ON IT!
• IT WON'T BREAK!
Always Springs Back Postpaid Into Shape! Weighs Only 3 J/5 oz.
Takes inside, comer angle and round measurements. Special concave shape prevents numbers from wearing off- Special joints allow you to draw straight lines. Made of baked white enameled high tension alloy steel. Send Check or Money Order
DOMINION SALES COMPANY, INC.
597 Fifth Avenue New York 17, N. Y.
Only
$100
If this detail is compared with the one shown in Fig. 5, it will be seen that the valley tail cut and the hip tail cut are exactly in reverse order. In both instances, however, the tail cuts intersect with the side corners square across from each other, as the dotted-line squares show.
Fig. 9 shows a right-angle triangle rep- resenting the run, rise and rafter of the
EARN BIG PROFITS
SHARPENING AND RETOOTHING SAWS
Gain INDEPEND- ENCE and SECU- BITY with a full or part time SAW SHOP BUSINESS OF YOUR OWN. Burr's precision saw shop machines help you do t better, faster Job, and re- quire less space, less lime and less effort. They give a lifetime service and have a 1 year guarantee. WRITE FOR FREK FOLDERS. Write For Valuable Book Send 2-')C In coin for Burr's Blue Book of saw .=;liop rliarees and other raluable informa- tion.
BURR MFG. CO.,
Dept. C-5, 8945 V
WUV SlfOULDiV'T YOLI TOO
BE WEALTHY
THAT IDEA OF YOURS MAY BE WORTH A FORTUNE IF PROPERLY HANDLED. LEARN THE INTEREST- ING FACTS ABOUT CONCEPTION, PROTECTION, EXPERIMENTATION, DEVELOPMENT, MODEL MAKING, APPRAISING, DRAFTING OF CLAIMS, FINANCING, SELLING, PATENTED OR UNPATENTED.
ONE HUNDRED PAGES OF TEXT POSTPAID, LIMITED TIME, $1.00
15 CHAPTERS
Salisfaction Giiarjnleed
ADDRESS- C. C. PALMER 1709 W. COMMONWEALTH AVE., ALHAMBRA. CALIF.
You Need an
EMPIRE for
Top-level Craftsmanship'.
EMPIRE stands for extreme accuracy wherever good levels are used — and that's why craftsmen by the thousands consider it their first and only level. When you use Model 151. illustrated, you'll know the advantages of inter- changeable vials, accurate adjustments for pitch work, precision machined edges and easily read marks. Have your dealer show you Model 151 and other EMPIRE Levels, or write for details.
Extreme g^riji p i isS?, Accuracy
EMPIRE LEVEL MFG. COMPANY
10930 W. Potter Rd., Dept. TC. Milwaukee 13, Wi$.
^
42
THE CARPENTER
cornice, as if Ijdng on the side. In order to get this, the side of the wall under the steep pitch must be extended, as shown by dotted line, from c to d. Then make the rise equal
Fig. 10
to tlie rise of the steep pitch for the width of the cornice, in this case a foot run, and draw in the rafter hne. Now where the run line crosses the outside line of the wall, draw a perpendicular Hne, to point a. 'With a compass set at the toe, transfer the rafter lengtli from point a to point b. Now the tangent and the rafter length, as sho\\Ti will give the edge bevel of the valley seat— the rafter length giving the bevel.
Fig. 10 is a detail in plan, showing the valley tail and three \iews of the seat and tail cuts. At A the valley is shown in po- sition, at B is shown a side \iew, at C is a bottom view, looking straight at the rafter,
EVERY CARPENTER NEEDS AN
' ACE KUTTER
CUTS — NOTCHES — PUNCHES all sizes of Asbestos Siding and Shingles. All Steel— Lightweight— Ea«] to operate — Lasts ■ lifetime.
$4.95 each
In lots of 6 or more: $4.15 each. All prices f.o.b factory. Ft. Worth, Texas. Send only $1.00 for each Reduced from $II.S5
cutter and pay balance Guaranteed against defec- C. O. D. or send check or live materials and work- money order In full. manehip.
Address all inquiries to
ROWLANDS >1FG. & SALES CO.
712 Broadus St. Ft. Worth 10, Texas
and at D is tlie other side \iew. Now im- agine that you are rolling what is shown at D, back to position A, and you will have a good idea of the three views.
HOW TO CUT RAFTERS
It's new . . . NOW
New vest pocket books gives lengths, side cuts, plumb | cuts, deductions, for all rafters any building from one inch to forty feet wide. Gives nimibers to cut on square. All standard pitches from IJ" to 12 up to 17j and 12 rise. Any one can frame a roof with this grea: book. Just open book to your pitch page and there in plain print is your lengths cuts and deductions for any pitched roof. Also gives how to figure elevations. How to figure lumber. How to lay out window and door openings. 'Written by Harry (Dad) Bleam and it's a dandy. Price only $2.00 each.
STRINGER LAYOUTS. ^ c\''^h^'¥:
Its a simplified stair builders manual; Its a lay out book for carpenters that want a simple way to iay out stair car- riages and stringers. Just plain talk with illustrations that a worker can understand. Xo trigcnome-ry, obt'jse angles or other high fluting talk. Xot written for a iiair builder, but rather for the man who has little time to throw up a stair carriage and trot along with his other work, simple, con- cise, and practical. THE BEST FOR THE MOXEY. 72 pages, size 4% x 6^ inches. Its a dandy says everyone that has It. Price ?2.0<J. Tliis is anotl.tr cf 'Dad Bleam'i Books."
CARPENTRY ESTIMATING If you are an apprentice estimator you will want this man- ual on carpentry estimating by "Dad Bleam." Is just the McCoy for the person starting out to do estimating work. Gives costs in carpenter hours. Gives simple and easy to understand carpentry mathematics. Plenty of charts and s swell value, you will like this one if you want to learn. Price $2.00
STEP BY STEP HOUSE FRAMING DETAILS
Step by step house framing details is another of the "Dad Bleam manuals." It's crammed full of house fram- ing illustrations, from the laying out of the foundation to top of roof. Price $2.00
^ BUILDERS' TOPICS
1512 Market St.
Seattle 7, Wash. NOTICE— ALL THE ABOVE FOUR MANUALS WILL BE SENT TO ANY ADDRESS AT SPECIAL PRICE OF $4 00 YOU SAVE $4.00.
STAIR GAGES
(Angle Gages)
The handiest Utile devices you ever had in your tool box. Easily carried in the pocket. Used on square for laying out angle cuts on rafters, stair stringers, etc. 1^" hexagon brass with plated steel screw. Rust proof and will last a lifetiir.e. Ordertoday! \Vt. 4 oz. pr. Money back if not satisfied
$1.00 Postpaid
WELLIVER & SONS P. O. Box 278C Rockford, Illinois
HANDY DROP-KLAMP
Carpenter's Floor Vise
For upright vising of doors, windows, boards, plywood. The weight of the object closes the clamp. Only one is needed, even for the heaviest door. Fiber-board liner set in 12-gauge steel prevents scratching. Mount once on a small board — no more installing to dol 9% X 7", weighs % pounds. If your dealer can't supply, order direct $4.95 postpaid. Money back if not satisfied. Dealer inquiries invited.
LAKESHOREMFG.CO. • 428-G 2nd Ave. S. • Minneapolis!, Minn.
IT'S THE H-066 FOR HANDY "HOOK-OVER MEASURING!
Patented sturdy metal end-hook makes the H-066 ideal for work beyond arm's length. Zero falls exactly at inside of hook that's riveted clear- through. Hook sets solidly against metal cap for "hook-over" measuring — neatlyfolds away forall gen- eral measuring. Check these finer features;
• Solid brass concealed spring joints.
• Lock joints reduce end-play for accuracy.
• Hardwood ys-in. wide, 6-in. sections.
• Marked consecutive inches to 16lhs on both sides, both edges.
• Red ends — the mark of finest quality.
See it— Buy it -at Your Hardware or Too/ Sloro
^uu iUFKIN
^ ' m^ O
THE LUFKIN RULE CO. • TAPES • RULES • PRECISION TOOLS SAGINAW, MICHIGAN • NEW YORK CITY • BARRIE, ONTARIO
The Greatest
ELECTRIC SAW
Value Ever Offered
New • Powerful Heavy- Duty
8i Mall Saw
Weighs only 12 lbs. For Right or Left Sawing
Built to stand the gofF.
Light, safe and easy to
handle. Equipped with
ball and needle bearings throughout. Capacity on
straight cuts 11/16" to 3"; 45 degree bevel cuts
to 1%"
Furnished with combination blade, choice of right or left blade and 115V or 230V AC-DC motor. Ton other available blades cut everything from wood to steel. $66.45 wtihout bevel shoe attachment. 7 other powerful models with 2" to 4-V2" capacities.
32 Factory-Owned Service Stations from Coast to Coast provide quick, dependable repair service. Over 1000 Mall Portable Power Tools for a million jobs. A dealer in any town can supply you.
See your f^ordwore Dealer TODAY or write for FREE catalog "Mall Portable Power Tools."
MALL TOOL COMMNY
7751 South Chicago Ave. •Chicago 19, ILL.
MODEL 87 57395
SAVE A DAY
ELIASON STAIR GAUGE
1. Measures tread or riser
(above)
2. Marks board for perfect fit the first time (right)
Dealers and Agents Wanted
ELIASON TOOL COMPANY
or more on Every Staircase You Build
ELIASON STAIR GAUGE in 10 seconds gives j-oii both correct length and angle of stair treads, ri^er^. closet shelves, etc., ready to mark board. Each end piv- ots and locks at any length or angle. Adjustable from 20" up. Saves a day or more, increases your profits $20 or more on each staircase. Fully guaranteed. Only $12.95 cash with order, or C. O. D. plus postage. Order Today, or send for circular.
2121 E. 56th St., MINNEAPOLIS 17, MINN.
FOR YEARS OF FAST CUTTING
ASK FOR SANDVIK HANDSAWS
Mode of the finest Swedish Char- coal Steel, SANDVIK HANDSAWS hold their set and edge tONGER.
• Sandvik's exclusive handio is made for the professional carpenter . . . MAN-SIZED FOR COMFORT.
• Their perfect balance makes cutting EASIER.
• Their exceptionally high crown makes cutting FASTER.
• Sandvik Saws are fully tapered.
• Best of all you'll be proud to own one.
Ask your Dealer for Sandvik Sows
r^^ORFT^y WARREN STREET, N. Y.
*!M»S«3*£%L-»i5K^ ■**
FASTENING DEVICES for EVERY PURPOSE
Whatever your hanging or fastening problem is, Paine has the answer. Paine's complete line, with a full range of sizes and stj'les, in- cludes the famous Spring Wing Toggle Bolts, Expansion Anchors, Fixture Hangers, Clamps, Hanger Iron and a host of other handy devices that help you do your job better and easier.
WK/rC FOR CATAIO*
THE PAINE CO.
2967 CARROLL AVE., CHICAGO 12, III.
THf BfST CRAFTSMEN KlV/AyS TAKE PAINE'S
CARPENTERS HANDBOOK
consists of short but practical rules for laying out roofs, ceil- ings, hoppers, stairs and arches (vith tables of board measure, length of common, hip. valley and jack rafterSj square meas- ure, etc. — also, rules for kert- ing, laying off gamhrel roof and explaining the steel square. Money back if not satisfied
$1.00 postpaid
D. A. ROGERS
5344 Clinton Ave. Minneapolis 9, Minn.
t^>^
S^Sy-vg^-
That extra length you've always wanted... 120 inches of accu- rate, more useful measuring ease. Jet black_marlcings on a weor-reslstant, acid-resistant snow white blade. Carlson quality throughout with famous 1 0-second blade change economy and the new convenient swing-lip . . .a real value at YOUR HARD- WARE DEALER. Just be sure it's the While Chief by Carlson. P.S. And don't forget to get on extra blo'de as a "spare." Blade produced under Pat. No. 20S9209
Carlson Steel Tape Rules
CARLSON & SULLIVAN, INC.
MONROVIA, CALIFORNIA
^ot-^
. ^ HANG THAT DOOR THE PROFESSIONAL WAY!
clean-cut. deeply-etched profile on door.
•liips. Bepeat operation on jamb. Hang
Xo adjustments. Xo fussing. Precision made.
forged, heat-treated steel. Comes in 3". SJ"
.Std) sizes.
ONLY $1.75 ea. — 13.50 a pair (any two) — $5.25 complete set of tliFPe. If dealer can't supply, send only SI. 00 with order and pav postman balance plus post- age C. O. D. In Canada. .25c higher per order. No C. O. D. State sizes wanted.
USERS PRAISE HIGHLY
"Really a help for the 'old hands' and almoat a 'muBf for the new boys."
S. H. Glover Cincinnati, Ohio
"The greatest help in hanging doors I have erer £een."
J. Allen Cliarles Mullins. S. C.
Comes With Leatherette uase
Coucpapa b.v carpenters to be almost indispensable, as hundreds of testimonials in file show. (."E-Z Mark" Trade Mark Reg.)
E-Z MARK TOOLS, Box 8377 Dept. C, Los Angeles 16, Cal.
I
har
I
YOU DO THIS
Clip and mail handy order form below.
E-Z MARK TOOLS, Box 8377, Dept. C. Los Angeles 16, Calif.
Gentlemen: Please send the following "E-Z" Mark Butt Gauges as checked below:
Check Size
[j one of any size ST. 75
^ two of any size S3. 50
n complete set of three any size $5.25
I enclose check or money order l]
Send C. O. D D
Name:__ Address: State:
City Zone.
Air t^n<M^ /i^ (^f
with New AMERICAN ZV^" SAW
Here's the sweetest handling Saw you've ever used — the sensa-? tional new American! See it — try it — compare! Big capacity — ^y-i' blade. Big power G.E. motor develops 2^8 H.P. Top speed cutting, any position . . . for wood, stone, tile, sheet metal, compositions. No jolt — no twist when starting — balanced torque principle. Saves time, saves labor, cuts costs! Send coupon for details and FREE demonstration.
If you like fine tools
...then you'll really enjoy the smooth, fast action of the "GREENLEE 22" Solid-Center Auger Bit. And you know it reaches you "factory sharp," for each is Plasiic-Sealed with a special protective coating. Ask your hardware dealer for "GREENLEE 22."
GREENLEE
SPECIAL OFFER . . . WOODWORKING CALCULATOR. ..104. Quick solutions to countless problems... converting linear to board feet, nail and bit sizes, etc. Send 10c to Greenlee Tool Co., 2085 Columbia Ave., Rockford, III.
Ctffs fflosf ANYTHING
Blade turns and locks in 8 positions
most ANYWHERE
^
^
New rotatable blade metal-cutting Keyhole
Saw — Steel, iron, nails, bolts, pipes, wood, plas- ter, metal lath — they're all one to Millers Falls new metal-cutting Keyhole Saw. Works swell in corners and ramped quarters. Ends skinned knuckles. Flexible, tough "Tuf-Flex" alloy steel blade — easily interchangeable. Get one today — only $2.00 at your hardware dealer's. Extra 10 or 24 tooth blades, 50^ each.
MILLERS FALLS TOOLS
MILLERS FALLS COMPANY
GREENFIELD MASS.
NOTICE
The publishers of "The Carpenter" reserve the right to reject all advertising matter which may be, in their judgment, unfair or objectionable to the membership of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America.
All Contracts for advertising space in "The Car- penter," including those stipulated as non-can- cellable, are only accepted svbject to the above reserved rights of the publishers.
Index of Advertisers
Carpenters' Tools and Accessories
Page
The American Floor Surfacing
Machine Co., Toledo, Ohio__ 45
E. C. Atkins & Co., Indianapolis,
Ind. 4th Cover
Burr Mfg. Co., Los Angeles, Cal. 41
Carlson & Sullivan, Inc., Mon- rovia, Cal. 44
Henry Disston & Sons, Inc.,
Philadelphia, Pa. 48
Dominion Sales Co., Inc.. New
York, N. Y 41
Eliason Tool Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 43
Empire Level Mfg. Co., Milwau- kee, Wis. . 41
E-Z Mark Tools, Los Angeles,
Cal. 44
Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 48
Greenlee Tool Co., Rockford,
111. 46
Heston & Anderson, Fairfield, la. 1
Lakeshore Mfg. Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 42
The Lufkin Rule Co., Saginaw,
Mich. 43
Mall Tool Co., Chicago, 111 43
Miller Falls Co., Greenfield, Mass. 46
Nicholas Wire & Aluminum Co.
Davenport, Iowa 8
The Paine Co., Chicago, 111 44
C. C. Palmer, Alhambra, Calif.— 41
Rowland Mfg. & Sales Co.. Ft.
Worth, Tex 42
Sandvik Saw & Tool Corp., New
York, N. Y. 43
Skilsaw, Inc., Chicago, 111. 2nd Cover
Speedcor Products Portland, Ore. 47
Stanley Tools, New Britain, Conn. 3rd Cover
Welliver & Sons, Rockford, III. 42
Carpentry Materials
E. L. Bruce Co., Memphis, Tenn.3rd Cover The Upson Co., Lockport, N. Y._ 6
Technical Courses and Books
American Technical Society, Chi- cago, 111. 47
Audel Publishers, New York,
N. Y. 3rd Cover
Builders Topics Seattle, Wash. 42
Chicago Technical College, Chi- cago, 111. 3
A. Riechers, Palo Alto, Calif 47
D. A. Rogers, Minneapolis, Minn. 44
H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans. 40
Simmons-Boardman Publishing
Corp., New York, N. Y 7
Tamblyn System, Denver, Colo— 48
Wearing Apparel
Co., Los An-
Brownstein-Louis geles, Cal.
Albert H. Weinbrenner Co., Mil- waukee, Wis.
Full Length Roof Framer
A pocket size book with the EN- TIRE length of Common-Hip-Valley and Jack rafters completely worked out for you. The flattest pitch is V2 inch rise to 12 inch run. Pitches in- crease V2 inch rise each time until the steep pitch of 2 4" rise to 12" run is reached.
There are 2400 widths of build- ings for each pitch. The smallest width is % inch and they increase 1/4" each time until they cover a 50 foot building.
There are 2400 Commons and 2400 Hip, Valley & Jack lengths for each pitch. 230,400 rafter lengths for 48 pitches.
A hip roof is 48'-9i/4" wide. Pitch is TV2" rise to 12" run. You can pick out the length of Commons, Hips and Jacks jj^ Qj^j, MINUTE Let us prove it, or return your money.
Getting th« lengths of rafters by the span and the method of setting up the tables is fully pro- tected by the 1917 &. 1944 Copyrights.
Price $2.50 Postpaid. If C. O. D. pay $2.85.
Californians Add 8c. Money back privilege.
Canadians use Money Orders.
A. RIECHERS
p. O. Box 405
Palo Alto, Calif.
jt:(ir^m\ 7!:^ <\Y|U2th Edition for
'^^'^m\ \ •^VvlJ EXAMINATION
~ SEND NO MONEY
Learn to draw plant, estimate, be a Uve-irlre builder, do remodeling, take contracting jobs. These 9 practical, pro- fusely Illustrated books cover subjects that will help you to get more work and make more money. Masonry, con- crete forms, carpentry, steel square, roof framing, construc- tion, plumbing, heating, painting, decorating and many other subjects. More than 4000 pages— 2750 illustrations.
BETTER JOBS -■ BETTER PAY "P-^°-?i^S
A nationwide building boom is in full ED I T I O N swing and trained men are needed. These books art Big opportunities are always for MEN the most up-to- WHO KNOW HOW. These books sup- date and complete ply quick, easily understood training and we have ever pub- handy, permanent reference Information Ushed on these Ihat helps solve building problems. many subjects. Coupon Brings Nine Big Books For Examination
tMERICAlTTECHNiCAr SOciirY Publishers slUc" 1898
Dept. G-536 Drexel at 58th Street, Chicago 37, III. You may ship me the TJp-to-Date edition of your nine big books, "Building, Estimating, and Contracting" with- out any obligation to buy. I will pay the delivery charges only, and If fully eatisSed in ten days, I will send you $2.00. and after that only $3.00 a month, until the total price of only $34.80 Is paid. I am not obligated In any way unless I keep the books.
Name
Address
City State
Attach letter stating age, occupation, employer's name and address, and name and address of at least one business man as reference. Men in service, also give home address.
SPBBVCOn TOOLS z
IVUC SAVS YOU TtME ANPMONev
SPEED SAW FILER Now file your own saws! Precision fil- ing easy without experience. Two sim- ple adjustments. Keeps any hand saw extra sharp and true cutting. Complete with file and ready to use $2.95
SPEED GRIP PLANE Precision made, pocket sized plane as easy to grip as big one. S'A" X 11/4" face. Can't be beat for all around fittingand finishing. Blade guaranteed to hold edge. $1.95
DRILL GRINDER
Makes old drills cut like new. Sharpens 3/32" to \W drills with factory accuracy in 30 sees. No ex- perience necessary. Use with hand or power grinding wheels. S2.95
srctL
Holds files, razor blades, taps, drills, Allen wrenches, bits etc. Operates similar to drill chuck. Precision made. Handiest tool in tool box. Jl
SPEED SAW CLAMP Grips full length of hand saws — 30 inches. Saves time. Attached or released from bench in 15 seconds. Lifetime construction. Holds entire saw true without vibration. $4.95
CIRCULAR SAW FILER
Sharpen circular saws like an expert. Adjustable for any pitch or angle. Complete with file and mandrels for blades with '/»". Va", %", 13/16" centers. $6.95
Order Today! Cash with order, prepaid. COD postage extra. Money baek Guarantee
SPEEDCOR PRODUCTS
Dept.A«512N.E. 73rd Ave. Portland 16, Oregon
YOUR skill helped by
skill
Skilled Disston veterans put Disston Saws through scores of tests
Work faster and easier, save material, do
less sharpening, by using Disston Saws. They're
made of Disston Steel with Disston Skill. That
means strictly uniform hairdness and temper, true
taper grind, tooth edges that last longer — plus
balance and flex that carpenters say is "just right."
The economy that comes from quahty has made Disston
the saw most carpenters use.
HENRY DISSTON & SONS, INC., 504 Tacony, Philadelphia 35, Pa., U.S. A.
In Canada, write: 2-20 Fraser Ave., Toronto 3, Ont.
^mabA
$20 to $30 a Week
^XXRf>. MONEY'.
With the high prices of food, clothing and ererything else, just think what you could do with extra money every week: Turn your spare time into CASH — sliarp- ening saws with a Foley Automatic Saw Filer pays up to $2 or $3 an hour. Start in your basement or garage — no experience necessary. "Tlie first saw I sharpened with my Foley Filer came out 10(K', '■—writes Clarence E. Parsons. Xo Canvassing— "I advertised in our local paper and got in 93 saws" — says M. L. Thompson. With a Foley you can file all hand saws, also band and crosscut circular saws.
FREE BOOK
Shows How To Start
"Independpnce After 40'' explains how you can get business from home owners, farmers, carpenters, schools, fac- tories, etc. "I get ^^____„- •vork from 20 and W ->'- 30 miles away" '' says Charles H. Smith. Investigate — no salesman will call — send coupon today.
Se^ ^fMfuui 'Pf^x FREE BOOK
FOLEY MFG. CO., 518-0 Foley Bidg., Minneapolis 18, Minn.
Send FREE BOOK— "Independence After 40"
.N'ame Address
LEARN TO ESTIMATE
If you are ambitious to have your own busi- ness and be your own boss tbe "Tamblirn System" Home Study Course in Estimating will start you on your way.
If you are an experienced carpenter and have had a fair schooling in reading, writing and arithmetic you can master our System in a short period of your spare time. The first lesson begins with excavations and step by step instructs you how to figure tbe cost of complete buildings just as you would do it in a contractor's office.
By the use of this System of Estimating you avail yourself of the benefits and guidance of the author's 40 years of practical experience reduced to the language you understand. You will never find a more opportune time to establish yourself in business than now.
Study the course for ten days absolutely free. If you decide you don't want to keep it, just return it. Otherwise send us $8.75 and pay the balance of $30.00 at $7.50 per month, making a total of $38.75 for the com- plete course. On request we will send you plans, specifications, estimate sheets, a copy of the Building Labor Calculator, and com- plete instructions. What we say about this course is not important, but what you find it to be after you examine it is the only thing that matters. You be the judge; your deci- sion is final.
Write your name and addres^ clearly and give your age, and trade experience.
TAMBLYN SYSTEM
1115 So. Pearl St., C-41, Denver 10, Colo.
fyr fine work
— • ALL THE BEST IDEAS of skilled workers in wood for over 70 years have been built into these Stanley Planes. Naturally they feel right and work right. Stanley Tools, 163 Elm Street, New Britain, Connecticut
THE TOOL BOX OF THE WORLD
[STANLEY]
Reg. U.S. Pal. OfF.
HARDWARE • TOILS ■ ELECTRIC TOOLS STEEL STRAPPING - STEEL
No 5 Plane
BRUCE
Hardwood Flooring
BLOCK • PLANK • STRIP
Tenn.
» Co., lAemphv
AUDELS Carpenters and Builders Guides
4vois.$6
InsldeTrade Inf ermatioa
for Carpenters. Baildera, Join- ers, Building Mechanics and all Woodworkers. These Goid<<a give yon the short-cat Instmb- tions that yoo want— inclodin* new methods, ideas, solationl, plans, systems and money amv- tng suggestions. An easy pro- gressive course for the appren- tice and student. A practical daily helper and Qui(i Refer- ence for the master workef. Carpenters everywhere are a»» ing these Guides as a Helping Hand to Easier Work, Better
Inside Trade Information On:
How to use the steel square — How to file and
set saws — How to build lumlture— How to use
a mitre box — How to use the chalk line — How
to use rules and scales — How to malie joints —
Carpenters arithmetic— Solving mensuration
problems — Estimating strength ol timbers —
How to set girders and sills — How to frame
houses and roofs — How to estimate costs — How
to build houses, bams, garages, bungalows, etc.
— How to read and draw plans — Drawing up
specifications — How to excavate — How to use
settings 12 13 and 17 on the steel square — How
to build hoists and scaSolds — skylights — How
to build stairs — How to put on interior trim — .
How to hang doors — How to lath — lay floors — How to P&^t.
■mMMB— —■■■■■■■■■■■—— —**^'— '****** *"**"^^'**"*"***'**
AUDEL, Publishers, 49 W. 23rd St., New York 10, N. Y.
Mail Audels Carpenters and Builders Guides, 4 vp'.s.. on 7 da}'!' fry trial. If OK I will remit $1 in Todays and $1 monthly uirtll $6 U.paW. -Otherwise I will return them. No obligation unless I am satistlco.
Name ~*
Occupation-
Employed by-
CAB
them for life!
ATKINS No. 400
America's Finest Saw
The saw any carpenter is proud to own— o tribute to his judgment and knowledge of fine tools! The blade of the Atkins No. 400 is crafted of the finest steel ever perfected for sawing purposes . . . tem- pered by Atkins' own methods for the utmost in edge-holding qualities . . . and
Have you seenjh^
NEW J'- 65?
^^■^■rTTTtomous ATKINS A smaUer model oMhe ^^^^^^.,
o saw e^P^^'f y,,"^:, o big odvontoge. smeller 16" b>ode '^3%J,er „^,. See U o1 your ATKINS
true-taper ground for easy clearance. Solid rosewood handle in "Perfection" pattern prevents wrist strain and directs the full force of each easy stroke against the fast-cutting teeth, in ship pattern, rip or cut-off, 24 and 26 -inch lengths.
ATKINS No. 65
Tried-and-true, long-time friend of thousands of car- penters. A fine quality 'Silver Steel" saw. True-taper ground, carefully tempered and fitted with "Perfec- tion" pattern apple handle. Ship pattern; 20, 24 and 26-inch lengths.
E. C. ATKINS AND COMPANY
Home Office and Factory:
402 So. Illinois St., Indianapolis 9, Indiana
Branch Factory: Portland, Oregon
Knife factory: Lancaster, New York
Branch Offices: Atlanta • Chicago • New Orleans • New York
EDUB
MPENTER
FOUNDED 1881
Official Publication of the UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS of AMERICA
JUNE, 1950 ~
g^^5^5^5^5^5^y^^?5^5^y5^5^ff:y5^^^
^OH^ Mf4%/
Be sure your Local Union books a showing of these two United Brother- hood films —
THIS IS YOUR BROTHERHOOD
and
CARPENTERS HOME
5\3v3srNJv£N>.3VX>>9v>
Produced by authorization of the General Executive Board, these two films— in color and sound— show the General Office in action and the Lakeland Home taking care of old time members. There is no charge for the use of these films. They are loaned out by the General Office on a first come, first served basis, to Locals, Councils and Auxiliaries. If you haven't seen these films, urge your Local Union to book a showing as soon as possible. Take it up at the next meeting. Full details may be obtained by dropping a note to:
Maurice A. Hutcheson,
First General Vice-President,
Carpenters Bldg,, 222 E. Michigan St. Indianapolis 4, Indiana.
C,^^gsS^C^C^c^C^C^CN4^C^e^^^
RIGHTFULLY, THESE JOBS BELONG TO YOU!
Look up! Look at the cracked ceil- ings in your commiuaity! See for your- self what independent siu*veys show!
Two out of every three homes have one or more rooms with cracked ceilings in need of repair.
Then remember — ^patching and makeshift plaster repairs seldom are satisfactory — seldom last.
Remember — only you, as a carpenter, have the needed skill to fix those ceilings so they will never crack again.^ Only you can apply beautiful Upson Kuver-Krak Panels — right over unsightly and luisafe plaster — and give deHghted home owners the world's finest ceiling.
Rightfully, these fobs belong to you !
They can be yours, if you will only step up and ask for them.
You can save the housewife from the ordeal of re-plastering. You can save her from the seeping, floating gritty dust that causes needless houseclean- ing drudgery. You can build a beautiful ceiling that will remain crackproof so long as the house stands.
Amazing Upson Floafing Fasteners anchor panels securing from the back. Eliminafe visible face nailing. Pro- vide for normal structural movement.
It Is Pleasant Inside Work
You will enjoy applying Upson Ceil- ings. It's work you can do the year 'roiuid — regardless of weather. Upson Kuver-Krak Panels are clean, Hght in weight, easy to handle, and easj'^ to apply. Nearly all limiber dealers carry them in stock. Mouldings, fvirring strips, Upson No. 2 Floating Fasteners and nails are all you need. Be s\ire to insist upon and get Upson Kuver-Krak Panels }4" thick. They are the only panels designed especially for re-cover- ing cracked ceilings. Every panel is plainly marked "Kuver-Krak."
We Can Help You Get Upson Ceiling Jobs!
Inquiries from our national advertis- ing are being referred to limiber dealers constantly. If you would like to become an Upson CeiHng expert, send the cou- pon below. We'll put you in touch with the Upson Dealer in your community. Send coupon now!
TH E UPSON COMPANY «6 Upson Point, Loekport, New York
I would like to become an Upson Ceiling Expert. Send me Application Instructions and name of my nearest Upson Dealer.
NAME-
STREET- CITY
STATE
Trade Mark Reg. March, 1913
A Monthly Journal, Owned smd Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners
of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.
PETER E. TERZICK, Editor Carpenters' Building, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis 4, Indiana
Established in 1881 Vol. LSX — No. 6
INDIANAPOLIS, JUNE, 1950
One Dollar Per Year Ten Cents a Copy
— Con tents —
Investments In Human Resources •- - - 5
There was a day ^hen all money spent by the government, whether for schools or prisons or insane asylums, was considered "non-productive" and most people thought the least a government spent for any reasons the better ofF the nation would be. How- ever, experience shows that wise government expenditures pay handsome dividends.
So Imports Won't Hurt? 9
Last month the two top labor advisors to ECA Administrator Hoffman maintained that Hoffman's plan for helping Europe by letting down the tariff bars to foreign goods would not hurt American industry or American ■workers. Here is the other side of the picture.
Better Break For The Jobless
13
With joblessness on the increase, increasing attention is focusing on the existing un- employment insurance program ^rhich v/as v^ritten when conditions ^ere far different from these prevailing today. A bill for revamping the program has been introduced by Representative McCormack. In this article his bill is analyzed.
The Way To Better Schools
21
With the school-age population growing by leaps and bounds and many of our pres- ent school buildings becoming obsolete and dangerous, the nation must undertake a tremendous school construction program. However, taxes being vrhat they are, raising the necessary funds will be difficult. California's experience with the cheap but efficient one story school constructed of wood may hold the answer.
OTHER DEPARTMENTS Plane Gossip Editorials The Locker - Official
In Memoriam Correspondence To The Ladies Craft Problems
16
24 28 30 31 33 39 42
Index to Advertisers
4S
Entered July 22, 1915, at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., as second class mail matter, under Act of
Congress. Aiig. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for
in Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 8, 1918.
CARPENTERS
BUILDERS and APPRENTICES
THOROUGH TRAINING IN BUILDING
Learn at Home in Your Spare Time
The successful builder will tell you hat the way to the top-pay jobs and luccess in Building is to get thorough knowledge of blue prints, building con- itruction and estimating.
In this Chicago Tech Course, you learn to •ead blue prints — the universal language of the luilder — and understand specifications — for all
I ypes of buildings. . You learn building construction details :
: oundations, walls, roofs, windows and doors, Tches, stairs, etc. ■
You learn how to lay out work and direct •uilding jobs from start to finish. You learn 0 estimate building costs quickly and accurate- ly. Find out how you can pre- pare at home for the higher-
• laid jobs in Building, or your )wn successful contracting busi- less. Get the facts about :his income-boosting Chicago Tech training now.
MAIL COUPON NOW
Prepare for more pay, greater suc- cess. Learn how to lay out and run building- jobs, how to read blue prints, how to estimate building costs. Prac- tical training with complete blue print plans and specifications — same as used by superintendents and contractors. Over 46 years of experience in train- ing practical builders.
INCREASE YOUR INCOME
Hundreds have quickly advanced to fore- man, superintendent, inspector, estimator, contractor, with this Chicago Tech train- ing in Building. Your practical experi- ence aids your success. Get the technical training you need for promotion and in- creased income.
FREE
Blue Prints and Trial Lesson
Send today for Trial Lesson: "How to Read Blue Prints," and set of Blue Print Plans — sent to you Free. See for yourself how this Chicago Tech Course prepares you to earn more money, gives you the thorough knowledge of Building required for the higher-up jobs and higher pay. Don't delay. Mail the coupon today in an envelope or use a penny postcard.
CHICAGO TECHNICAL COLLEGE
TECH BLDG., 2000 SOUTH MICHIGAN AVE., CHICAGO 16, ILL.
Chicago Technical College
G-123 Tech Bldg., 2000 So. Michigan Ave.,
Chicago 16, HI.
Mail me Free Blue Print Plans and Booklet: "How to Read Blue Prints' with information about how I can train at home.
Name Age
Address Occupation
City Zone State
li
;■!■•
^%^ DANDEE REELS
FOR ALL BUILDING TRADES
No. 41 Reel and Plumb Bob. Use this new tool for a plumb line, mason line or chalk line. Iti has a spring bracket attached for the plumb bob when it is not in use. Anti-backlash, easy to add chalk, Nickle plated steel case and chrome, plated bob contains 100 ft, of No. 18 yellow mason line.
No. 44 Chalk Line Reel. 50
ft. of line is always chalked when drawn from the reel. Made so that the line cannot snarl or tangle within the case. Chalk lasts a year of ordinary use; can easily be reordered and reloaded.
No. 44
Plumbers* and Tinners'
Furnaces... Circa Torches
Furna Torches... Razor
Blade Scrapers
CEDARBERG MANUFACTURING CO., 561 So. 4th St., Minneapolis IS,
Enclosed find $ for the following shipped pospaid:
n No. 41 Reel (100 Ft.) @ $2.50 □ No. 44 Reel (50 Ft.) @ $1.00
n No 43 Keel (100 Ft.) Similar to No. 44 @ $1.25
Red, White, Blue and Dark Blue Chalk in 2 oz. Containers @ 15c. Color:
Print Name:
I
I
I Print Address:
Write in Margin If Necessary
l^O'^
.^ HANG THAT DOOR THE PROFESSIONAL WAY!
USERS PRAISE HIGHLY
"Really a help for the 'old hands' and almost
Makes a clean-cut, deeply-etched profile on door. ■ 'must' for the new
Remove chips. Repeat operation on jamb. Hane "oys.
door I No adjustments. No fussing. Precision made.
Drop-forged, heat-treated steel. Comes in 3", 3i'
and 4" (Std) sizes.
ONLY $1.75 ea. — $3.50 a pair (any two) — $5.25 complete Bet of three. If dealer can't supply, send only $1.00 with order and pay postman balance plus post- age C. O. D. In Canada, .25c higher per order. No C. O. D. State sizes wanted.
S. H. Glover Cincinnati, Ohio
"The greatest help in
hanging doors I have ever seen."
J. Allen Charles
Mullins. S. C.
Comes With Conceded by carpenters to be almost indispensable, Leatherette case j^g hundreds of testimonials in file show. ("E-Z Mark" Trade Mark Reg.)
E-Z MARK TOOLS, Box 8377 Dept. C, Los Angeles 16. Cal.
E-Z MARK TOOLS, Box 8377, Dept. C. Los Angeles 16, Calif.
V
ham
I
Clip and mail handy order form belovr.
Gentlemen: Please send the following "E-Z" Mark Butt Gauges as checked below:
Check Size
n one of any size $1.75 —
n two of any size $3.50 —
n complete set of three any size $5.25 —
I enclose check or money order O Send C. O. D D
Address: City
State:
-Zone-
Investments In Human Resources
Editor's Note: "Socialism" and "Welfare State" are words that the American people will hear oftener and oftener as election day approaches. Reactionaries maintain that social legislation is bankrupting the nation and sapping the vitzdity of the people, while the more left wing elements work for the day when the government will be all things to all people. Who is right? The answer is neither. There is a vast middle ground within which the nation can work out a sound and stable future. The following excerpts from a recent speech by Mr. Thurston outline the problem.
JOHN L. THURSTON, Federal Security Agency * *
NOT SO VERY long ago, it used to be generally accepted that public expenditures were "nonproductive." Farmers and manufacturers and laborers produced the food, clothing, and shelter for mankind. Pro- fessional people produced the services. These were said to be "productive." Money put into farms, factories, transportation and communication, office buildings and the like— that was "productive" investment. But money put into paying for teachers, judges, policemen, legislators, and prisons— that was another story. Public expenditures didn't "produce" anything, it was argued. Public expenditures were merely that much taken out of what the economy produced. Everybody was poorer by the measure of every dime that went into the public coffers. That was a fairly common assumption fifty years ago— and there may be a few alive today who hold that view.
According to this philosophy, the "best" public expenditure was the ample of nonproductive Government smallest that could possibly be made, expenditure.
Prisons were good enough if they pre- Now experience has long since vented the escape of criminals. Men- demonstrated the fallacy of the nega- t^l hospitals were to keep patients out tive notion of Government expenditure of harm's way, and from banning -to most of us, at least. In the field others-at the least possible money of industrial safety, for example, in- cost. School teachers should be paid dustry itself has learned the lesson so the minimum going-rate, with no frills well that it pretty generally tends to and folderol added: no foolishness keep well ahead of the minimum like manual training and domestic standards established by legislation, science and art and music and citi- Recently the National Association of zenship. Manufacturers asked about 2,000
This negative philosophy even ex- P^ant operators what their saxings tended to industry. What was tlie were, due to the establishing of medi- point in putting safety guards on ma- cal and safety departments. Prac- chinery, merely to prevent accidents? tically all of them reported that these The point was to get goods produced projects were paymg off handsomely, in largest quantities with minimum Here are the average reductions they cost. To set safety standards by legis- reported:
lation, and then to establish a corps of In occupational disease 62.8%
Government inspectors to swarm In absenteeism 29.7%
through the factories to enforce those In compensation costs ^^-^^^
laws, was held to be one more ex- In labor turn-over 27.3%
THE CARPENTER
As this lesson has become clearer with the passing of the years, resist- ance to wise Government expenditure in programs of industrial health and safety has disappeared. Instead, we find today that there is the closest working cooperation between Gov- ernment and the general public, in- cluding management and labor, in pushing programs of health and safety in industry. All have learned that it pays oflF . . . handsomely.
Much the same thing is true in other areas. Enlightened people no longer think of prisons just as places to lock up criminals at minimum ex- pense. Though we still have a long way to go, we really believe that they should be what the newer name says —"institutions of correction." And our thinking today goes even beyond cor- rection—our current concern with "juvenile delinquency" puts the accent on prevention. Experience has proved that the supervised playground turns out better citizens than the alley gang.
Education is one of the crowning examples of the passing of the nega- tive notion of public expenditure. A century ago, as the idea of universal free compulsory^ schooling was bat- tling to win its way, there were those who condemned the whole notion as socialistic and dangerous. "What!" they cried, "Would you tax one man to pay for the education of another man's child?" But a century of the common school in America has dem- onstrated its value so conclusively that no responsible voice attacks the basic idea that it is wise to put public moneys into public schools for all the children. It pays oflF, in better citi- zens, better producers, finer people. It pays off, too, in dollars and cents, as any comparison of the man-hour productive efficiency of an educated labor force with an uneducated labor force shows.
These examples only begin to sug- gest the reason why most of us have cast aside the ancient error that Gov- ernment expenditures are parasitic and unnecessary. All I have said up to this point is that we are no longer confronted vdth the erroneous as- sumption that public expenditures are "unproductive." We now know that they are productive.
I must also dissociate myself from a second error which occasionally ap- pears in private and public discus- sions. Once in a while one meets some starry-eyed persons who see the truth that public expenditures pay off, and who go on from there to indulge in wild and speculative schemes of dan- gerous proportions. They are like the housewife who listened to a fast-talk- ing salesman's claim that the gadget he was peddling would cut her house- work in half. "Oh!" she said, brightly, "then I'll take two of them and cut out all my housework!" Just because pub- lic investment in human resources pays off, it does not follow that a lim- itless multiplication of that expendi- ture will be desirable for the individ- ual, or will be in the national interest.
We must disavow this extreme just as clearly as we deny the assumption that public expenditure for human welfare is unproductive. We shall do well to recognize that public invest- ment, like any other investment, must be wisely made and guided by the rules of reason. This is a hard-boiled, realistic approach to the problem of human welfare. It supports all the finer ideals of humanity— and it keeps its feet on the ground as it moves forward.
With that perspective, let's turn to the question of what public invest- ments in human resources actually cost— and why pay for them. Do we put more into them than we get out of them? Do public investments rep-
THE CARPENTER
resent a total waste, or a partial waste, or a net gain? What is the balance sheet?
In general, I think we can say that much depends on what sort of public investment we are talking about, and the degree of adequacy of that in- vestment in the light of the need it tries to meet.
If a man's roof is leaking, it will pay him to invest in more pots and pans to put in the attic to catch the drip. That saves the plaster and paint in the floors below. Even the minimum sort of public expenditure in picking up the pieces of wreckage left by the processes of history has a monetary justification of a sort. Property val- ues are higher and people rest more securely when everyone feels that the police system is doing an adequate job in restraining crimes of violence. The general economy has greater stability and continuing purchasing power when there is adequate unem- ployment insurance and when social security for the aged maintains the purchasing power of the older seg- ment of the population. A sick man
who gets well quickly is a better pro- ducer than one whose absenteeism is high because of recurrent illness.
But any wise householder knows that it is better to fix the roof than to run around the attic with pots and pans every time a shower comes. Whether he will put on a slate roof or use shakes or shingles or asphalt-and- gravel will depend on a lot of factors of judgment and pocketbook. But he knows that a tight roof is better than a leaky one, that a tight roof pays off. From year to year he cannot point to exact financial returns on a good roof; but he can know that he has not had to plaster the back bedroom after every spring rain.
So it is with these investments in human resources. Certainly we shall never see the time when there will be no leaks in the roof, when we shall never need to spend something to help the afflicted and the unfortunate. But we also know that the wisest ex- penditure is that which reduces to the minimum the number of pots and pans we have to keep in the attic of the Nation, a policy which keeps the roof as tight as possible.
SAN RAFAEL LADIES BACK MANY SUCCESSFUL PROJECTS
The Editor:
Greetings to all from Auxiliary No. 495 of San Rafael, Calif.
We are two years old but have had many successful projects and socials. Among the latter, the Auxiliary assisted the Brothers of Local 35 in the dedication of their new Carpenters' Hall on Lindero Street in San Rafael on November 5, 1949.
We have enjoyed socials with other Auxiliaries in our town, believing that it will stimulate interest of all members of union auxiliaries. Our Members have taken an active part in all civic projects and donate to all worthy causes and also sponsor a Blue Bird Group of the Camp Fire Girls.
Among the projects for raising funds, we have had a white elephant auction, food and apron sale, card parties, raffles, greeting cards, a dinner and box social.
We meet the first and third Wednesdays and have a social and refreshments following the meeting.
Our membership is 56 at the present time. We started vdth 44 charter members and we feel the Auxiliary can look forward to a successful and prosperous future.
The officers are Mrs. L. Biasotti, President; Mrs. J. Cornwell, Vice President; Mrs. C. Nelson, Recording Secretary; Mrs. T. Perkins, Financial Secretary and Treasurer; Mrs. D. Myers, Warden; Mrs. E. Caswell, Conductor; Mrs. E. Kennedy, Mrs. C. Haskin and Mrs. H. Leard, Trustees.
We would appreciate correspondence from other Auxiliaries and assure you of an answer to your letters.
Here's to continued growth and success to all Union Auxiliaries.
Fraternally, Mrs. Harriet Nelson, Recording Secretary
P^ail| ($a^ilsr "^anrb 0itmhtx 0invitl
DEATH CLOSED a long and honorable labor career when Arthur Martel, General Executive Board member for the Seventh District, passed away in a Montreal hospital on May 16th. Born at St. Urbain, Charlevoix County, Quebec on August 1, 1871, Brother Martel devoted all of his adult life to the advancement of organized labor's cause not only in Canada but in the United States as well. His unflagging efforts in behalf of
the working man and his practical, down- to-earth approach to all problems earned him thousands upon thousands of firm friends from coast to coast on both sides of the border.
Brother Martel became a member of the United Brotherhood away back in 1902 when he joined Local Union No. 1127 of Montreal as a charter member. For many years he served as president of that union. For some six years he served as president of the Montreal District Council. Largely through his efforts the Quebec Provincial Council was organized in the City of Sorel in 1906. For some twelve years he served the council as president.
During the Sixteenth General Conven- tion in Des Moines, Iowa, in 1910 he was elevated to General Executive Board Mem- ^ ber for the Seventh District, a position to
which he was consistently re-elected ever since. In this capacity he assisted in the organization of the greater number of local unions now existing in tlie Seventh District. He also helped to organize many of the Building Trades Locals which are functioning today in Canada.
Many signal honors have come to Brother Martel in his labor career. For six years he served as vice-president of the Trades and Labor Congress of Canada. In 1919 and 1920 he was elected delegate to the International Labor Conferences which were held in Washington, D. C, and Geneva, Switzerland. In April of last year. King George VI, recognizing Brother Martel's many contributions to the welfare of Canada, bestowed upon him the honorary title of Member of the British Empire.
With the advice and guidance of Brother Martel, the workers of Montreal and the entire Province of Quebec have made rapid and consistent progress through their labor movement. When the Carpenters of Montreal dedicated their great new headquarters building on November 11, 1946, a long cherished dream of Brother Martel came true; which explains why it is often referred to as "Martel Building."
The passing of Brother Martel left a gap that will be hard to fill. Funeral services were held at Saint Ambrose Parish Church, Friday morning. May 19th.
So Imports Won't Hurt?
* * *
OUR TARIFFS used to be set and revised in accordance with the needs of our domestic economy. Now they are talked of as expendable or, to be more exact, the American industries that depend on tariffs are now being treated as expendable, in the effort to foster imports and so balance our foreign trade at current abnoi-mal export levels. Some of these industries are being marked for sacrifice and when they go, men lose jobs, investors lose money, suppliers lose customers and the country loses some of the elements in a diversified economy.
Can we stand the loss of the Waltham Watch Company? The Waltham Co. recently closed its doors because of inability to compete with foreign
goods flooding the market. Thousands
lost their jobs as a result. We have only two old-line watch manufactur- ers left. Who bene- fits from liquidating Waltham? Switzer- land perhaps? That admirable, demo- cratic country is worth having as a friend, but is she making reciprocal sacrifices on the al- tar of friendship?
Here is what Prof. Friederich A. Lutz of Princeton said about the Swiss at the last annual meeting of the Acad- emy of Political Science: "Switzerland has no shortage of dollars, and yet she adheres to a system of bilateral trade agreements, chiefly because she aims at preserving a certain structure of her exports by making the partner countries to these agreements import watches and other Swiss export goods and allow their citizens to travel in Switzerland. She has even gone so far as to make balances of Swiss francs accumulated by Argentina and the Bizone of Germany inconvertible into dollars, so as to force these coun-
With Uncle Sam now proposing to boost imports of foreign goods through tariff reductions as a means of helping the European economy, the tariff ques- tion becomes an extremely important one. In last month's issue, the two top labor advisors to the Economic Cooperation Administration, in an article entitled "Imports Won't Hurt Us", endeavored to show that the EGA program for lower- ing the tariff bars to European goods will not hurt our economy. In the fol- lowing article, Richard H. Anthony, sec- retary of the American Tariff League, shows the other side of the picture in a condensation of an article which ap- peared in The Commercial and Finan- cial Chronicle.
tries to use the balances for purchases or travel in Switzerland."
Perhaps Switzer- land must resort to these measures to protect her econo- my and her demo- cratic processes. Whatever the an- swer, these Swiss measures are re- strictive and discrim- inatory, whereas our low-average tariffs are the mildest kind of trade regulation.
Let's get down to fundamentals. We need certain raw materials and we like certain finished products that come from abroad. In order to induce the foreigner to send them to us we must send him what we have that he needs or wants. You can disguise and complicate the problem ad infinitum by the introduction of currency, ex- change, etc., but the basic fact is that our foreign trade starts with a de- ficiency on our part which must be paid for by transfer of a portion of our production. The latter day idea that the amount of goods we can or
10
THE CARPENTER
want to ship abroad should be the measure of what we take in, even though some domestic producers go bankrupt in the process of balancing income and outgo, puts the cart half a mile ahead of the horse.
The latest agency to urge that we should artificially foster our imports at the expense of certain of our do- mestic producers is the Economic Co- operation Administration.
The EA had two jobs to do: (1) geo- graphical containment of Commun- ism, and (2) fostering economic re- covery of foreign nations. In Europe both goals have been accomplished. Communism has made no further en- croachment to the west: and the Euro- pean EC A countries, except Germany, have either surpassed or achieved approximately their pre-war produc- tion and export positions quantita- tively.
Now ECA says, in effect: We are getting ready to pull out of Europe and when we go we want the in- coming and outgoing elements in the U. S. -European trade to balance, and furthermore to balance at the current U. S. export level. Translated into figures, ECA's suggestion means that Europe must expand its exports to the United States by $3.5 billion, an increase of 300% or more. Clearly, Europe is in no position to meet this extraordinary^ demand, no matter what inducements the United States may offer. Yet, ECA publishes a list of U. S. commodities on which there are individual tariffs of 25% or great- er and says, in effect: Slash those and help close the gap.
We say it misleads the American public and lays the ground-work for international ill-will to offer any such illusory hope that further slashing of our tariffs, which, at an average of 13%, are the lowest in our history, or even eliminating them entirely, will have any appreciable effect on closing
the trade gap. Cutting tariffs in such an indiscriminate fashion can ruin in- dividual companies or even whole in- dustries in the United States, but it will not close the foreign trade gap at the current export level.
The tariff has no measurable im- portance in the overall trade picture an\^way. Our imports rise and fall with our national income, despite the level of tariff at any particular time. Over the long years our imports have shown a general upward trend that echoes our increase in population.
It so happens that the amount nec- essary to balance the current ERP dollar deficit is roughly the same as the value of the products of the entire pulp and paper industry in the United States for 1947, i.e., $.3 billion. I as- sume you would not be willing to sac- rifice your industry, employing 200,000 wage earners, in order to bring in im- ported commodities sufificient in value to equal that figure.
If you have any doubts about the misleading nature of the ECA recom- mendations, let me suggest that you read what the experts say and apply every statistical test of which you know. I have done both and the answer keeps staring me in the face- slashing tariffs is of no avail in tack- ling the trade gap problem.
Here is what Professor Seymour E. Harris of Harvard told that same Academy of Political Science meeting: "Despite the large reduction in tariffs here and increased restriction abroad, which should have facilitated Eu- ropean exports and depressed their imports, despite the widespread use of controls abroad to raise exports and reduce imports, despite the much larger rise in money wages here— despite all of these, the United States has been flooded with gold and the world is short of dollars."
Now, just a few figures to docu- ment the League's conclusions. The
THE CARPENTER
11
data are for 1948, but preliminary 1949 reports indicate no substantial change in the size of oui foreign trade gap. According to ECA's own figures, we imported from ERP countries in 1948, $2.4 billion of goods and serv- ices, of which $1.2 billion consisted of merchandise. We exported to those countries $5.9 billion of goods and services, resulting in an export-over- import imbalance of $3.5 billion. That $3.5 billion is the gap. When people talk of cutting U. S. tariffs in order to bridge that gap they are suggesting that we expand $1.2 billion of mer- chandise imports from Europe to $4.7 billions, a 300% increase. If they ex- pect services, such as tourist expendi- tures abroad, to increase also, they may have that merchandise figure, but still it is going to be close to 300%. Professor Harris says that should de- valuation reduce dollar prices of Western European products by a fifth, the required increase would be 400%. According to a year-end International Monetary Fund report, such dollar prices are nearing that margin of decline.
I won't bore you further with fig- ures provided you will take on faith that to ask a 300-400% increase in pro- duction for export in Europe is a fan- tastic demand, particularly when EGA is asking Europe to integrate its economy and step up its internal trade as well.
Actually there is surprisingly little dispute over the figures or the facts. Practically everyone who has studied the "trade gap" problem realizes that tinkering with the cmrrently low-aver- age U. S. tariff is not going to solve it, but what puzzles us in the League is why, with this general acceptance of the facts, there is the iUogical de- mand to go ahead and cut tariffs across the board anyway. We suspect that those who make this proposal are motivated not so much by a desire to
close the trade gap as by a desire just to slash tariffs.
The favorite argument for tariff-cut- ting as a desirable operation per se, is that it will foster the importation of goods from low-labor-cost foreign countries and thus save money for the American consumer. Let me give you the latest illustration of how wrong this argument can be.
We have had a dwindling wool- raising industry in the U. S. for some years. Dm'ing the war it was essen- tial, ff not vital, because hauling wool from Australia through submarine-in- fested waters was uncertain and dan- gerous. Since the war the argument that the wool tariff was adding pen- nies to the price of \our winter suit came to the fore, and, despite the pleas of the American wool growers, the tariff on raw wool was cut at Geneva in 1947 for the benefit of Australia. Since then our western herds have dwindled still more and Australia has virtually cornered the market. Last month at the wool auc- tion in Sydney, private buyers from the United States and Great Britain found themselves bidding against state trading company representatives from a number of countries for the wool clip, with the result that the price of wool has gone soaring and you may have to pay a little more for your next suit as a result, and despite the lower tariff.
While we are considering object lessons, I also would like to say that coffee, on which there is no "wicked" tariff whatsoever, is fast becoming a luxury in many households, indicating that free trade is not exactly a solution to the problem of the high cost-of- living.
The tariff still has a part to play in our economy. It is, by universal ad- mission, the mildest, and fairest regu- latory measure in international trade and we need it to preserve competi-
12
THE CARPENTER
tive conditions in our domestic mar- ket as betAveen foreign producers and certain of our industries with a high labor element in their total produc- tion costs. It is as unrealistic to de- mand the ehmination of tarifFs because most of those industries are not now being injured, as it is to demand the ehmination of the fire department because the cit\"'s fire record has im- proved. There is nothing in the pres- ent state of affairs that gives us a.ny confidence that the ciurent abnormal level of domestic demand and pro- duction will continue in its present pattern. Indeed the pattern is begin- ning to change, and as it tends toward the normal situation, injuries due to unwise tariff slashing will come for- cibly to pubhc attention. Ahead}' a number of danger flags are fluttering.
Under a flexible tariff system we could var\- our rates to match chang- ing situations, but we have no flexible system at present. Om: tariffs are be- ing continuously cut b\- international agreement. Anv move toward subse-
quent upward readjustment of a rate, however just, creates an international incident and so is avoided b\" our gov- ernment, although foreign govern- ments can take such unilateral actions with impunit\'. We have also seen that the philosoph\- of downward re- \^sion only of tariffs has so permeated our government departments and commissions that the trade agree- ments escape clause, which was sup- posed to safeguard our domestic producers from injurious dut}' cuts, has not once been invoked nor has any of the many showdngs of injury e\-en been followed by recommenda- tion that the clause be invoked. Some ha\-e not even been thoroughly in- vestigated.
The tariff is important to certain domestic industries. It is not a tool with which you can tinker our inter- national trade account into balance. I urge you to let the tariff perform the function for which it is best fitted, and to tackle the trade gap problem with tools better adapted to the pur- pose.
POTTSVELLE GR.\DUATES LARGE APPPiEXTICE CLASS
On Tuesday evening, April 11th, at Reilly Hall, a well-attended meeting saw a fine group of young men receive their Joume^Tnen Certificates attesting to their completion of four years of apprenticeship study. V»'ith appropriate ceremonies the young men were welcomed into tlie union and into the carpentr>' craft. Virtually all of them are veterans of one or anotlier branches of tlie armed forces.
Lower Left to Right: Stanley Galavage, under Schneider & DaWs; Joseph Hollick. under Diamond Home & Improve- ment Co.: Guy Ir\-ing, Pres. of Local 228; James Deibler, un- der Chester Cooper; Benjamin Rosenberger. under MaUck and Lewars.
Middle Row. Left to Right: Daniel Basgil, under Schneider & Davis; George Schultz, un- der Kingston Contracting Co. & Arthm- A. Johnson Inc.; Homer Riegel. under Burton Cooper: Robert Sterner, under Schneider 6c Da%"is, missing.
Top Row, Left to Right: Clark Lewars. Vice Pres.; John McCready. Recording Sec'y; G. Edward Ossman, Business Agent and Financial Sec'y; George W. Houser, Treasurer.
13
Break For The Jobless
WITH unemployment climbing despite continued high business ac- tivity, increasing attention is focusing on the existing unemployment compensation program. Pressure for extension and improvement of the program is mounting. Since construction work tends to be seasonal and subject to economic fluctuations, construction workers have a vital stake in any revisions which might be made in the program. Recently Representative John W. McCormack introduced in the House a bill to revamp the unemploy- ment compensation program and bring it more nearly into accord with current conditions. Principle provisions of the bill (H. R. 8059) are herewith outlined:
I— Extension of Coverage
A. Coverage under the Federal Un- employment Tax Act of employers
I who have one or more individuals in employment at any time, thus extend- ing the protection of the employment security program to employes of small firms.
B. Coverage of Federal civilian em- ployes under the unemployment in- surance laws of the states where employes perform federal services, the costs to be financed by the federal government.
C. Redefinition of agricultural labor to bring v/ithin coverage of the pro- gram certain employes who are not ordinarily thought of as performing "agricultural labor" and employes who perform certain operations of an essentially industrial nature on farm commodities for employers other than farmers.
D. Redefinition of the term "em- ploye" to bring within the coverage of the program certain individuals who, although economically dependent upon the employer, fail to meet in some respects the technical common law definition of the term "employe." The bill also removes the exemption relating to insurance salesmen.
E. Puerto Rico to be defined as a state under Title HI and the Federal Unemployment Tax Act, subject to Puerto Rico's acceptance of coverage.
H— Minimum Benefit Provisions to Be Incorporated into State Laws
A. Benefit payments to individuals without dependents to be substan- tially equal to 50 per cent of weekly wages up to at least $30 a week; for individuals with one dependent, ben- efits to be substantially equal to 60 per cent of weekly wages up to at least $36 a week; for individuals with 2 dependents, benefits to be substan- tially equal to 65 percent of weekly wages up to at least $39 a week; and for individuals with 3 or more de- pendents, benefits to be substantially equal to 70 per cent of weekly wages up to at least $42 a week.
B. Benefit duration of at least 26 weeks in a benefit year, uniformly available to all insured unemployed persons.
C. Qualifying requirements of not more than (1) wages equal to 30 times the benefit amount; or (2) wages equal to IV2 times high-quarter earnings; or (3) 20 weeks of employment in the base period. These qualifying require-
14
THE CARPENTER
ments are in common use in the states.
Ill— Provisions to Assure Prompt and
Full Payments of Benefits to
Multistate Workers.
In order to assure that persons who work in several states during their base period shall receive full and prompt payment of benefits to which they are entitled, the bill contains provisions directing the Secretary of Labor to withhold from a state ad- ministrative grants unless the state law contains pro\'isions for participa- tion in plans and methods of combin- ing wage credits of multistate workers and for handling interstate claims which the Secretary of Labor finds are reasonably calculated to assure the prompt and full payment of bene- fits to workers who move from one state to another.
IV— Provisions Designed to Preclude
Abuse of the Program by
Fraudulent Claimants
In order to prevent fraud and to eliminate all t\'pes of unwarranted payments, the bill contains pro\'isions directing the Secretary of Labor to withhold from a state administrative grants unless the state law contains provisions for methods of administra- tion which the Secretary of Labor finds are reasonably calculated to pre- vent misuse of the unemplo^Tnent in- surance program by fraudulent claim- ants and to assure the payment of compensation only to individuals en- titled thereto.
V— Provisions Relating to Waiting Period and Disqualifications.
Benefits are to be payable to all un- emplo\ed insured claimants who are able and willing to work except that a state may postpone the payment of benefits for the first week of unem- plo\"ment in a benefit year; it may postpone the payment of benefits (but not reduce the benefits potentially
payable) up to 6 weeks if the claimant voluntarily quits work without good cause, or w^as discharged for miscon- duct connected with his work, or re- fused suitable work without good cause.
A state may deny benefits to strik- ers, but not to employes who are "locked-out" by their employer. It may postpone, or reduce the amount potentially payable, or cancel the wage credits, of any individual who makes a false claim for benefits. A state may, if it so desires, postpone for the duration of his unemplo>TTient the payment of benefits to any indi- vidual who has been discharged for misconduct connected with his last employment which has resulted in his conviction of a crime.
VI— Financing Provisions (Including Reinsurance Grants)
A. Automatic appropriation of pro- ceeds of the Federal Unemployment Tax Act to the federal unemployment account in the Unemployment Trust Fund. The federal unemployment Ac- count is to be used (1) to provide grants to states to defray the costs of administering their unemployment compensation laws and their public employment oflBces; (2) to defray the costs of the federal administration of the employment security program; and (3) to provide reinsurance grants to states.
The bill also authorizes contin- gency appropriations to be available to states for the administration of their employment securit}' programs in the event of unforeseen changes in conditions, such as an unexpected in- crease in the number of claims filed.
B. Substitution of reinsurance grants for present provisions for loans to states which have expired. The bill pro\ides that a state shall be entitled to a reinsurance grant for any calen- dar quarter beginning after June 30,
THE CARPENTER
15
1950. whenever on the last day of a calendar quarter the funds available to the state for the payment of unem- ployment compensation fall below the amount of compensation paid during the preceding 6 months.
However, in order for a state to be eligible for reinsurance grants after the computation date for the first tax- able year beginning after December 31, 1952, it must have levied a tax rate of at least 1.2 per cent on all covered employment if on the computation date for such taxable year the state's unemployment fund has fallen below a specified margin of safety; namely, below 6 per cent of the most recent annual taxable payroll or below the amount of compensation paid during the two years immediately preceding such date, whichever amount is greater.
The amount of the grant is to be an amount estimated by the Secretary of Labor to be equal to three-fourths of the compensation which will be payable during the quarter for which such grant is made which exceeds 2 per cent of the taxable payroll for such quarter. The bill contains ap- propriate safeguards against the pos- sibility of a state unduly liberalizing its unemployment insurance law with the expectation of defraying the in- creased cost occasioned thereby with funds obtained from a reinsurance grant.
VII— Definition of Wages.
A. The upper limit on earnings sub- ject to the Federal Unemployment Tax Act during a calendar year is in- creased from $3,000 to $4,800. The taxable wages limitation is made ap- plicable, under certain conditions, to wages paid either by the employer or by a predecessor employer.
B. The term "wages" is defined to include tips, but only in the amount that the employe reports in writing, within a specified time, to the em- ployer as having been received by him during the calendar quarter.
VIII-EflFective Dates.
A. The provisions relating to bene- fits would become effective July 1, 1952. '■
B. The provisions relating to exten- sion of coverage (except for federal employes) and definition of wages w^ould become effective January 1, 1952.
C. Federal employes would become entitled to benefits beginning January 1, 1951.
D. The automatic appropriation of the proceeds of the Federal Unem- ployment Tax Act to the federal un- employment account would become effective January 1, 1951.
E. States would become ehgible for reinsurance grants with the quarter beginnmg July 1, 1950.
CANADA'S FINANCES COMPARED WITH OURS
Canada's budget and finances are analyzed in a study recently prepared by tlie staff of the Joint Committee on Internal Revenue Taxation. Comparisons with the Umted States are made in certain salient respects.
One of the marked diflFerences between the two countries is that Canada is operating at a budget surplus though its expenditures are currently higher tlian in the 1949 fiscal year. On a per capita basis, Canada's expenditures, tax receipts and the pubhc debt burden are very much lower than in the United States. The Canadian funded debt currently is the equivalent of $1,109 per capita as compared witli nearly $1,700 per capita in the United States.
Sales and excise taxes represent the biggest single source of Canadian Government receipts in the 1951 budget, rather than individual income taxes as is the case m the United States.
-5 IP
SLIGHTLY CONFUSING
Is there danger of a shooting war with Russia in the foreseeable future? It seems as if your guess is as good as anybody's. In the past few weeks various high Brass in Washington have predicted: 1. there will be no war for ten years; 2. the war is prac- tically on right now; 3. there may never be a war. Apparently all you have to do is make your own guess and in a day or two you will have some Brass Hat backing you up. To our way of thinking, the whole con- fused situation is reminiscent of the depart- ment store floor walker.
Anxious to buck up business, the proprie- tor of a large store engaged an "efficiency expert" whose chief delight was changing the departments around.
One day a section would be at the top of the building; the next it would be in the basement or else where the restaurant used to be.
After three weeks of this, an old lady approached a worried-looking floor-walker one morning and asked if he could tell her where the kitchen utensils were.
"No, madam," repUed, wearily; 'Taut if you stand here for a few minutes, I'm sure you'll see them go by."
"If you were Union, Pop, you wouldn't have to supplement your wages this way!**
WHAT'S SAUCE FOR THE GOOSE
Last month the United States Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality- of Section 9 (H) of the Taft-Hartley Law which re- quires all union officers to sign a non-com- munist affida\"it before the union is entitled to use of the ser\'ices of the National Labor Relations Board. \\Tiile we have nothing but the highest respect for the integrity and ability of the Supreme Court, it seems odd that communists can sit in Congress, they can engage in business, or they can enter the professions (and sometimes probably do) because nobody checks on these areas of otir economic Life. But let some poor old wood butcher or pile driver get elected warden of his local union and immediately he has to satisfy Uncle Sam that he is not a Red. If non-communist affida\its are okay for union officials, why not for Congressmen and employers and professional men too? What's sauce for the goose certainly ought to be sauce for the gander. The same for each customer ought to be the rule— which brings to mind an old one.
An Eastern planned to move to the West for his health and, before deciding on a spe- cific location, visited several communities to check on conditions. In one small town he encountered an old-timer sitting on the steps of the general store and, during a short chat, he asked:
"What is the death rate here?"
To which the oldtimer replied: "Same as anv place, bub. One to a person." • • • TL\IE TO LEA\'E THE AX
Despite the billions of dollars that have been poured into European rehabilitation since the end of the war, few of the coim- tries are as yet able to stand on their own feet. Current European appropriations under consideration still run into bilhons and al- ready there is plenty of talk that the aid pro- gram will have to be carried beyond 1952, the original goal set for discontinuing all aid.
A wood butcher can hardly be expected to know very much about international fi- nance. However, from where we sit, it seems to us that the time has come for a iittle reviewing of our whole program. Maybe the time has come for Uncle Sam to remember the old storv about Zeke, the hill- biUv.
THE CARPENTER
17
Zeke got a job in the city. As he was taking leave of his family, his wife came to the door and called after him:
"Come back here, Zeke," she bellowed. "You haven't split a stick of wood and the Lord knows how long you will be gone."
Zeke turned around, and spitting out a generous gob of tobacco juice, he yelled I back: ' "Hush your mouth, woman. The way
■ you talk a body would think I was taking ' the ax with me."
* * •
THE ONLY QUESTION
Witli election day drawing closer. Senator 'Taft's advisers are trying to picture him as
■ a true liberal. However the Ohio Senator is tied too closely to a thoroughly reaction-
• ary record for the <;ampaign to achieve much success. To oiu: way of thinking, he is in a position about like the young lady who went to a fortune teller;
' "Very shortly," droned the mystic, "you 'will meet a tall handsome man, who will ' sweep you off your feet. He will shower you
■ with gifts, take you to breath-taking night spots and the two of you will drink a toast to yo\ir everlasting love."
"Has he lots of money?" she asked.
"He is president of a large concern and heir to a million dollars."
"Gosh," she stammered. "Now tell me ftist one more thing. How do I get rid of
my husband and the two children?"
I -
• • •
SORT OF SLOW
The current session of Congress was going to rewrite the Social Security law to bring benefits more into hne with today's inflated
(Conditions. To date, however, talk has been about the only thing that has emerged from Congress. If ovu" legislators intend to do an>i:hing about the unrealistic Social Se-
iCurity benefits that exist today, they cer-
.tainly are slow about getting around to it. Ip fact they sort of remind us of the farmer who crossed verbal swords with the truck
.•driver.
i The long distance van driver was grow- ing a little road- weary, so he pulled the unit safely oflE onto the shoulder of a pleasant stretch of Veiniont country road. Lighting up a fag, he gazed aromid about him and saw a farmer over in a field removing rocks.
Thinking to have a little fun, he stepped rrom his cab, walked over to the fence and
said: "Nice crop of rocks you raised here, Hiram. Where did they come from?"
"Glacier brought 'em," grunted the farmer without even turning.
"Oh, the glacier, eh?" the van driver teased. "Where's the glacier, now?"
"Well, if you're really interested, sonny," snapped tlie farmer, "I'll tell you. It's gone back after more rocks."
* * •
PAUP ON ECONOMICS
Prices have started spiraling upward again, but Joe Paup, the George Bernard Shaw of the Skidroad, is not worried.
"It's easy to get along on a modest in- come," says Joe, "so long as you don't spend too much trying to keep it a secret from the neighbors."
• • *
COULD BE
A recent survey indicates that the nation— particularly in the riural areas— is alarmingly short of qualified doctors. Strenuous work- ing conditions, vast amount of training re- quired, and exceptionally heavy cost of ac- quiring a medical degree are given as rea- sons for the existing scarcity of doctors.
Maybe tliere is anotlier reason; maybe some of them get more money for endorsing cigarettes than they could make practicing medicine.
*My boss presented it to me as a ward for i^ joinwig the ■nieiL''
18
360 Per Cent In 15 Years
Nr ORTHWESTERN Council Lumber and Sawmill \\'orkers, speaking for the vast bulk of the Douglas Fir belt emplo\-es. late last month — announced it has reached a proposed settlement with a large part of
the Douglas Fir area for an across the board wage increase of 10/2 cents an hour, retroactive to May 1, 1950, according to Kenneth Da\ds, Executive Secretary.
The proposed settlement establishes a minimum of 81.55)2 within the industry, up from S1.45, the previous scale. All wages will be increased accordingly. Executive Committee of the Council is recommending to all Local Unions and District Councils
that if any emplo>er in the North- west lumber industr}- refuses to grant the lOM cents increase retroactive to May 1, "With absoluteh' no strings attached," that strike action be taken.
The recommended agreement covers approximately 22,000 workers in the Douglas Fir belt.
The Brotherhood Lumber Worker negotiators rejected all offers of wage increases which would be deducted by the employer to be turned over to insurance companies for welfare benefits, it was announced. This was done, it was explained, because such deductions would increase income tax and other withholdings, an increase which the emplo\'es would never re- ceive, causing an actual wage reduc- tion and "because it would place the entire obligation of establishing a wel- fare program on the union and em- ployes only."
The Northwestern Council an- nouncement said that Brotherhood and Sawmill Workers also rejected all other settlements oflFered in lieu of wage increases because there were
strings attached that would make the value of such offers, including paid holidays, more favorable to emploj-ers than to the workers.
"The Council did not agree to with- hold any further demands for pen- sions for any period of time, and in- tends to make further studies along this line," according to Kenneth Davis, Executive Secretary. "We still believe a pension in which the emplo\"er is obligated is a definite benefit to th| industry."
"This establishes 81.55)2 per hoi as the minimum in Western WasW, ington and Oregon or 812.44 -pei day.| The average for industr}^ now is Sll per hour or 814.80 per day. Not bad! when )ou consider it was 8 .42M mini-^ mum in large operations and less m\ others when we joined the Brother- hood in 1935, an increase in 15 years! of $1.13 per hour, plus paid vacation,! overtime, improved conditions, restj periods, seniority, safet}' programs,' and job security— all this in spite ofl a dual movement within our industr}''! called the C.I.O. which is still largely! controlled by fellow travelers here in| the Northwest."
19
■-Because--
The following piece was written by Richard S. Kaplan, historian and service officer of Gary (Indiana) Memorial Post 17, American Legion. It ap- peared in the March issue of "Hoosier Legionnaire." No one can read it without realizing what a privilege it is to be an American.
* * *
DAY BY DAY, my heart has been growing heavier and heavier, and inside of me I've been getting sicker and sicker. Reading the audaci- ous boasts and pledges of the leaders of the Communist Party in the United States, most of whom are now on trial before Judge Medina, that in the event of a war between the United States and Russia, they will support and aid Russia, simply nauseates me.
How in the name of heaven can one possessing the brain of an ant live in these United States and support the ideologies of communistic Russia? As a democracy, why should we continue to harbor, protect and tolerate these disloyal creatures?
Why do I feel so bitter about these men and all their ilk? Because I love America . . . love these United States with all my heart and with all my soul. Why do I love my country as I do?
BECAUSE ... My father (God rest his soul) came here from Russia as a young man, fleeing from persecution and Czarism. He had nothing but his hands, his mind, and a will to learn and work. He found both here.
Attending night school (at no cost to him) he learned the English lan- guage and the history of this country. He was given the chance to earn his living without let or hindrance, the whole world before him, handicapped by nothing and no one other than his own will and ability.
BECAUSE . . . Given the chance, my father was able to own his own little business, practice his religion in
his own temple, and raise four chil- dren to manhood and womanhood.
BECAUSE . . . Those four children were given a free education, a chance to obtain college educations, a chance to travel and know this country.
BECAUSE ... All through our lives we went to bed at night safe and secure in the knowledge that police were in the streets, not to knock at our doors, not to search our homes or to grab any of us and throw us, willy- nilly, into a dungeon-BUT TO PRO- TECT US AGAINST EVILDOERS. Asleep or awake, each of us KNEW that the power of our town, our county, state and nation was behind us, watching over us, protecting us like a loving mother ready to spring at the throat of any who would harm us and to avenge an injury to us through its police and courts.
BECAUSE ... In spite of my re- ligion (or because of it), I was able to achieve an honored profession and, like my parents, bring my daughter and grandchild into this world blessed and protected by this same country.
BECAUSE . . . When my father-an orthodox Jew-died in AUsten, Mass., he was carried to his grave by ten
20
THE CARPENTER
pallbearers . . . police ofiBcer friends of his in life . . . ALL RO^L\X CATHOLICS, come to say their last farewells to their friend,
BECAL'SE ... I was gi\-en an op- portunit}" to ser\'e ni}' country in time of peace and in the .Irrned Forces in time of war. not because I was forced to do so. but because I wanted to do so,
BECAL'SE . . . Xone of the events and conditions abo^'e presented could have occurred in Communist Russia. where the indi\'idual is but a grain of sand to be blown hither and \"on by the faintest breath of the Politburo and its stooges, where the STATE is God and all, and where the individual is but a ser\-ant of the STATE. Be- cause . . . commmiism is the drug that destro}'s the ver>' soul of men, dwarfs the mind of man, and leaves him a pliable tool.
BECAL'SE . . . Having; knowm FREEDOM ah my life, I tr'easure it . . . and FREEDOM is an unkno\^Ti thing in communistic Russia, or an\' countr}" dominated by communism. An\"thing ... or anyone who would take away my freedom . . . freedom of thought . . . freedom of worship . . . freedom of expression . . . free- dom to Ih'e m}' life as I \\'ish to li\"e it so long as I do not hiui: my feUow- man , . , I repeat . . . anything; that would destrov that freedom. I HATE \ATTH ALL THE HATRED IX MY HEART.
BECAL'SE . . . Communism, evil thing that it is, wilL if allowed to
spread and grow in this countn', de- stro}' the breath of life as we .Ameri- cans know it. And though the stooge leaders of communism in this coun- tr\- don't realize it, they. too. will be destroyed, for they will outli\"e their usefulness to the communistic state. and communism has alwa>"s preached that that which is not useful to the State MUST be destroyed.
If m\" father were alive today he would sa\', as he said 100 times over in his life' "THERE IS XO GREATER
or better couxtry ix all the world th.\x the uxited states, i kxow; you who \at:re borx hepuE doxt .ap- preciate A GOOD COUXTRY. LVE SEEX THE SLEET AXD THE STORM .\XD THE KlIX. I C.\X -\PPRECIATE THE SUXSHIXE . . . REPRESEXTED BY THE UXITED STATES.'-'
Let us all sa}' arnen to his words.
To those who prate of their love for communism, all I can say is, '1 pit)' }"0u, Ma\' I. however, suggest that we in the United States can spare your presence here. Go . . . join the countr." }'ou lo\'e so much , . . practice \'our communistic ide- ology there. ^"\'e want no part of it here.
I lo^"e rm"
I HATE MUXISM . BROUGHT
countr}",
. . AXD FEAR COM- . , BECAUSE IT HAS FEAR WHERE OXLY
LOVE EXISTED BEFORE,
QUESTION OF PATRIOTISM
The "\^'all Street Journal" is not likeh' to question the patriotism of Big Biisiness, but it reports this strange situation:
An increasing number of large British companies are lea\'ing England and incorporating in Argentina, South Africa, and other countries. By doing this the companies avoid pa>ing British taxes on their profits.
Strange still, the "Journal" says "American banking houses are insisting" that a big mining company move its oflSce from London to .Africa, to avoid taxes. Otherwise, the American bankers will refuse to bu>- shares in the company.
Through the Marshall plan and otherwise. Uncle Sam is pro%iding dollars to help England get back on her feet. Is it patriotic for ".American banking houses" to '"insist" on something that makes British recover.- more difficult?
21
The Way To Better Schools
* * *
ACCORDING to a recent survey, the United States needs at least ten billion dollars worth of elementary and high school construction dur- ing the next few years to take care of the growing crop of youngsters. This would merely put our school system in shape to take care of our bumper crop of youngsters in something like adequate standards. In addition thou- sands upon thousands of youngsters attend school in buildings which are obsolete, unsanitary and downright dangerous. Added together, this means that hundreds of new schools must be built annually during the next decade. Our elementary and high school students now number something like twenty- five million. By 1960 that figure is expected to climb to better than thirty- four million.
The job of getting our youngsters housed in decent schoolrooms is going to be no easy one. There is hardly a community existing in the United States today which is not already heavily burdened with a tax load of sizeable proporations owing to the inflationary spiral of the last decade. With Federal taxes constituting an increasingly heavy drain on the earnings of all individ- uals additional school revenues are not easy to raise.
In the broadest sense the quality of education obtainable in our school buildings is related only remotely, if at all, to the cost of the buildings. But the cost of the buildings must be related to tlie ability of the taxpayer to pay for them. .
The first necessity in planning a school building is to accommodate the expected school population, the second is to stay within a budget which will not impose an unbearable burden on the taxpayer.
On the average, about 80% of the cost of a school "plant" goes into foundations and superstructure of the buildings, as distinguished from grounds, lighting and heating, landscaping and other facilities.
Building costs consequently require a large portion of the tax dollar, and therefore, methods of holding down building costs are of major concern. Two important means of minimizing building costs are: (1) use of the most modern methods of design and construction, (2) use of the most economical materials of construction.
The period following World War I will likely be marked in the field of architectLue as the age of monumental schools and tall apartment build- ings. Similarly the postwar period we are now in may well be designated as the down-to-earth period of one story schools and suburban single family dwellings.
Architects, school boards and taxpayers throughout the country are tending rapidly toward the one story school because:
1. Direct exits from each classroom provide for maximum safety.
22
THE CARPENTER
2. With smaller schools, the smaller ground sites are easier to ob- tain
3. Better class and community facilities are provided.
4. Mobile type of structures may be provided with ease of addi- tion and subtraction as needs grow and decline.
5. Sound, versatile wood frame construction provides economical costs.
California has long recognized the advantages of the one story school building constructed of wood. The state is noted for its progressive and up- to-date school system. Fine, modem, low-cost school buildings dot the state from border to border. By utilizing the great advantages which have been made in timber engineering, these schools have been built at a minimum cost to the taxpayers. School construction costs have been cut almost a third in some instances through the use of modem wood construction.
If the last ten years taught us anything, it is that school plants ought to be as flexible as possible. Not only does the national birth rate fluctuate widely decade by decade, but population shifts also greatly affect tlie school load in any given area from year to year. A school plant capable of ser\ang the needs of the community in which it is located ought to be flexible. On this score, nothing can take the place of wood construction. This is another reason why so many of California's newest schools are constructed of wood.
Laminated arches, ring binders, and other advances in timber engin- eering have made possible the construction of large, unsupported areas which gymnasiums and assembly halls require. Technology has also greatly in- creased the safety factors in wood construction, so that practically any and all of the questionable features of wood construction have long since been eliminated. Whether safety, beauty, or flexibility is the yardstick, wood con- struction can more than hold its own. In the area of construction costs, it stands alone, as the following table indicates:
, TABLE I\'-Building \'aIuations*
|
Cost per |
|||
|
Occupancy Group |
Type of Construction |
Sq. Ft. July 1949 |
|
|
Groups A, B and C— Public Assembly |
Type |
I— Concrete or Steel |
$13.90 |
|
including schools. |
Type |
H— Wood and Masonry |
8.20 |
|
Type |
I— Concrete or Steel |
15.30 |
|
|
Group D— Hospitals, Jails, etc. |
Type |
V— Wood Frame |
6.45 |
|
Groups E, F, G— Retail stores, public |
Type |
I— Concrete & Steel |
6.40 |
|
garages, warehouses, industrial |
Type |
HI- Wood & iMasonr^' |
4.50 |
|
buildings, office buildings. |
Type |
W— Steel frame— unplastered |
3.95 |
|
Type |
IV— Steel frame— plastered |
4.30 |
|
|
Type |
V— Wood Frame |
3.25 |
|
|
Group H— Hotels & Apartment Houses |
Type |
I— Concrete or Steel |
11.75 |
|
Type |
IH— Wood & Masonry |
7.60 |
|
|
T^'pe |
V— Wood Frame |
5.45 |
|
|
Group I— Dwellings. |
Type |
IH-Concrete Block |
7.35 |
|
Type |
V— Wood Frame Siding |
6.50 |
|
|
Type |
V— Stucco |
6.90 |
|
|
Type |
V-Brick |
9.30 |
^Territorial modifications vary from plus 14% in the Eastern Indiistrial Area to 0% for Southern California and minus 6% for the Southern States. Data was obtained from Marshall and Stephens, valuation engineers.
THE CARPENTER 23
Come what may, children in every area of the United States must be given an opportunity to get a decent education in a safe and comfortable school building. Needed dollars to provide such school houses will not be easy to raise. But the economies inherent in modern, one-story school construction may point to the answer. Every community considering the construction of a new school building ought to look carefully into the money-saving possibilities of wood construction.
KODIAK HONORS RETIRING OFFICER
At tlie March 17tla meeting of Local Union No. 2162, Kodiak, Alaska, the body pre- sented its retiring financial secretary. Brother Charles Skinner, with a suitably engraved gold watch as a slight token of the great esteem in which he is held by all members. Brotlier Skinner filled the office of financial secretary for twelve consecutive years in a manner that evoked nothing but the highest praise from all who had dealings with him. Mixing kind- ness and consideration with efficiency, he kept things moving smoothly without resorting to harsh words, tlireats or bulldozing.
The great influx of construction workers dming the war made his Job a particularly arduous one during much of his term in office. But Brother Skinner never allowed the great rush of work to get him down or to keep him from giving a courteous answer to a decent question. In addition to his work-schedule as financial secretary of Local No. 2162, Brother Skinner also found time to capably fill the office of vice-president of the Alaska Federation of Labor. The union is proud of the fine record he made in the latter capacity.
The resignation of Brother Skinner was accepted with great regret and the good wishes of his union brothers go with him wherever he may go and whatever new pursuits he may take up.
LOCAL No. 1312 HONORS OLD TIMERS
Local Union No. 1312, New Orleans, is justly proud of its fine roster of old time mem- bers. Recently the union sponsored a party and dance to pay tribute to its long time mem- bers who contributed so much to the advancements which have been made in wages and working conditions Particulary honored was Brother John L. Hubert a pensioned member now eighty years old. Brother Hubert has been a member in good standing continuously since 1903. Through the years he has been a staunch and unselfish member, always batt- ling for the betterment of the lot of his fellow workers.
Away back at the turn of the century. Brother Hubert was being paid the munificent svim of $1.75 per week for running a shaper ten hours a day, seven days a week. When he asked for a slight increase in pay he was fired. This caused him to do some serious tliinking, and the conclusion he came to was that the employer could not fire his whole crew if they all asked for an increase at the same time. He began preaching this gospel to his fellow workers and presently enough of them were convinced that a charter in tlie United Brotherhood could be applied for. Thus old Local Union No. 732 was bom.
After a time and against the advice of Brother Hubert the union went on strike. Times being exceedingly hard, the strike failed and the union fell by the wayside. Brodier Hubert transferred to Local Union No. 76. But this union too went out of existence. Shortly after, Brother Hubert became a charter member of Millmen's Local Union No. 1312.
Following World War I, hard times again plagued the area. Like many otlier unions, Local 1312 found the going hard. But Brother Hubert never stopped fighting for die preservation of his union. He made many personal sacrifices to keep tlie union in existence. At one time he even donated a chest of tools to be raffled off to help less fortunate brothers. It was nip and tuck for some time, but the union weadiered the storm because men hke Brodier Hubert were backing it with everything they had. The decent wages and working conditions of today were made possible by the sacrifices of old timers such as Brodier Hubert.
Over eighty years old today. Brother Hubert is still actively interested in the welfare o£ his union.
Editorial
Conditions on Overseas Construction
Reliable reports indicate that there are at present from 180,000 to 185,000 building tradesmen now employed by private contractors on overseas jobs. Much of this work is being done with Federal funds, yet the situation in which these men find themselves is comparable to that which existed a century or more ago, before workers had organized and gained the right to protect their working conditions through concerted action.
Analysis of a contract entered into between the contractor on a Navy job in Africa and the men he hired to do the work indicates what these overseas workers are up against. The contract stipulates that the employe may not legally terminate the contract for 12 months, for any reason. He literally con- tracts himself into servitude for 12 month. He can, however, be discharged at any time, either with or without cause. If he does quit before he has worked for a year, he loses all his rights under the contract. After one year the employe may give notice to the employer, in writing, that he wants to end his employment.
Not only is there not included in the contract a limitation upon the hours of work, but one provision of the contract which the employe is required to sign says that "The employe agrees to work whatever hours are required for the performance of his work and position, it being understood that no over- time will be paid under any circumstances." Cases have been reported in which building tradesmen have been forced to work as long as 84 hours a week, without overtime payment.
In-order to enforce the provisions of the contract, the employer is entitled to withhold from each man's pay an amount equal to one-quarter of the man's gross weekly pay, until the sum of $400 has been withheld. If the employe is either discharged or quits, the contractor deducts from this sum the cost of transportation, food, and other expenses necessary to ship the man back to an agreed-upon place, usually the place of hire. In addition, the contractor may withhold payment of all wages or salary due the man who quits or is dis- charged until he has reached the point of return. At that time the man is supposed to be paid anything left over in the fund held by the contractor.
The employe must also agree, in the contract, not to sue the employer for any reason. This leaves the employer free to do as he pleases and if he chooses he may charge the employe with having breached the contract and thus relieve himself of the responsibility of paying transportation and other costs in retLirning the worker to the place of hire. A contract of this kind invites such abuses, since it take away from the worker any right of redress. Men who fall sick have been forced to pay their own way home; men who complained about the insanitary living conditions provided for them, or the bad food supplied, have been discharged and forced to get home at their own expense. Other men, when the job was nearing completion, were discharged
THE CARPENTER 25
by the contractor upon one excuse or another, and the contractor was thus
relie\'ed of the necessity of paymg return transportation.
Many of the contractors who do work outside the continental United States employ only union building tradesmen in their work in the United States. When they do foreign work, howe\'er, they employ their labor through private employment agencies and it is customary for the men hired to pay such private agencies 5 per cent of their annual wage for referral to jobs.
These thousands of men who are willing to go outside the country for work on necessary construction projects are in need of protection from their unions. The difficulty is to find a means by which such protection can be given. Ob\iously it is not possible for a union to investigate individual complaints of its members who may be at work on such projects. It does seem possible, however, to improve the hiring practices for such work and to secure a more equitable contract. The situation is most certainly one which requires our careful thought and study.— B.T.D.
"Statisticalitis" is a Dangerous Disease
In the last t\vo issues, we have published pro and con arguments regard- ing EGA Administration Hoffman's proposal to lower the tariff bars on foreign-made goods as a means of helping to rehabilitate Europe. These articles were written by supposed experts in the field. In their o\\ti wa>', each of them made a good case. It may be presumptions of a wood butcher to voice an opinion on the matter but so much is at stake that not to comment would constitute an evasion of a responsibility.
Hoffman claims that a sizeable increase in imports would not harm American industry. On the other hand, he seems to lack conviction in his own arguments because he winds up by saying that men thrown out of work by imported goods could be retained in other lines of work much as was done during the war. Frankly, we think Hoffman is way off base. Imports do not have to be substantial to hurt. To simplffy the problem, if there are a hundred pair of shoes and a hundred buyers, everyone stays reasonably happy. But let somebody else come up with another pair, and what happens? The buyers start working the sellers against one another until the weakest seller is eliminated. We all saw the reverse work out dru-ing the war. Then there were more buyers than sellers. If there were a hundred car buyers in a town and only ninety-nine cars for sale, the buyers bid against each other and the fellow with the least money ended up without a car. In view of this simple fact Hoffman's argument that a slight increase in imports wiU not hurt the economy hardly seems valid. It takes only a slight shortage or surplus to create havoc in an industry. In fact, he must realize as much othervvise he would not be suggesting new training for victims of his scheme.
Hoffman is undoubtedly a brilliant man; other\\dse he would not be able to hold down the many important jobs that come his way. However, like many important men in both government and industry, he possibly suffers from what we call "statisticalitis". This is a disease peculiar to indi- \dduals with great authority over the fortunes and welfare of large numbers of human beings. Its chief symptom is a tendancy to reduce everthing to statistics. To victims of statisticalitis, unemployment does not mean hungry
26 THECARPEXTER
kids, worried wives and discouraged men; rather it means such and such a percentage of unemployed as compared to such and such a percentage last month or last year or ten years ago. All human values statisticalites can reduce to percentages or charts or graphs. The suffering and misery and privation that accrue to individuals are lost in the mathematical maze they work out to show this or that result in terms of percentages or comparative tables.
The plain facts of the case are that Hoffman's proposal to retrain men forced into idleness by increased imports is no good. There may be some merit to taxing American workers to provide dollars to European nations so that they can purchase the things they need, but we can certainly see none is turning over American jobs to European workers. In the first place, almost all European nations have already achieved production peaks equal to or considerably above those prevailing before the war. This was accom- plished through the help of American dollars extracted from the pay enve- lopes of American workers. If we had any obligation, it was to put our allies into as good shape as they were in before the war. Now that has been achieved, it is time to start thinking of our own welfare. A reduction in foreign aid appropriations would mean a reduction in taxes, and a reduc- tion in taxes would give American workers more purchasing power with which to buy foreign goods as well as to take up any slack that developed from a shrinkage of sales abroad. This angle of the situation has never been mentioned.
Talk of retraining men made idle by imports is sheer nonsense. What about men in their fifties and early sixties. Could they be trained to do new t}-pes of work? We hardly think so. How many such men, too old to hire and too young to die, would be doomed to waste away the best years of their lives in enforced idleness and misery? In statistical charts it might not appear to be much more than a small fraction of one per cent of our working force, but interpreted in terms of human misery and privation, the cost to unfortunate individuals can be appalling. But even to younger men unemployment is no picnic. Retraining may sound simple in statistics, but to men whose roots are tied deep to a community, who have a house haff- paid for, whose kids are established in a school, it can be sheer tragedy.
But even aside from these humane considerations, the proposal to yield American jobs to European workmen is unsound. It can mean permanent damage to our economy, as witness the following observ^ations which ap- peared in a recent issue of the Indianapohs Times:
Malaya is a case in point. This year 25 to 30 per cent of Malaya's total export production is expected to come to the United States. But imports from the United States are to he shaved to less tlian 4 per cent of the goods Malaya must buy. We submit that is making too much of a good thing.
In 1947, our exports to Malaya were worth almost $175 million. The figure dropped to $71 million in 1948, and to $39 million in 1949. Import restrictions, now reported to be planned, will cut the total well below $35 million.
In the pre-war period Britain's empire preference policy barred most of our goods from the empire market, and Britain
THE CARPENTER 27
seems to be reverting to that policy under the guise of a tempo- rary relief measure. But isn't such a policy, once re-established, likely to become permanent?
In a nutshell, these are the reasons why we look askance at Hoffman's proposal to step up imports of European goods. Hoffman insists that import increases will be limited, but, as we have tried to point out, imports do not have to be substantial to hurt. If it takes more American dollars to keep anti-communist Europe going, let us keep supplying them even if it hurts. But thumbs down to any proposal to give our jobs as well as our dollars to rebuild Europe. After all, the chief hope of stopping communism rests in maintaining a strong, prosperous America. The anti-communist cause cannot be furthered by weakening the main bulwark against it.
What Real Unionism Can Do
Elsewhere in this issue is a story announcing a new increase of ten and a half cents an hour for the United Brotherhood lumber workers in the Douglas Fir Belt of Oregon and Washington. This new increase brings to $1.13 cents an hour the wage increases these workers have secured for themselves since becoming a part of the United Brotherhood only fifteen years ago. However, decent wages are only a small part of the benefits these men have derived from belonging to a stable and progressive organization. Paid vacations, job security, seniority, and rest periods are all advances they have made in an industry which traditionally in the pre-union era showed its workers less consideration than the average farmer shows his work animals. If any union in any period of history has chalked up a more creditable record than the lumber workers under the United Brotherhood banner it has not come to our attention.
Understandably enough, the industry itself has prospered fully as much as the workers have. Never in its history has the industry been as prosperous as it is today. The cut-throat competition, double-dealing and underhanded tactics that characterized the industry a couple of decades ago have given way to keen orderly competition that makes for stability. No longer are un- scrupulous employers able to undercut competitors by beating out of the backs of their workers special cost reductions through arbitrary wage cuts, a pro- cedure that was all too common whenever conditions were right. In few industries is competition keener today than it is in the West Coast lumber industry, yet now it is an orderly competition. And workers and emplojers alike are benefitting, thanks to the stabilizing influence of the union.
To both workers who think they can get along without a union and to employers who spend large sums of money and acquire stomach ulcers try- ing to avoid unionization of their plants we recommend a little study of what has been accomplished in the Northwest lumber industry under the banner of the United Brotherhood. Both could profit thereby.
T HE LOCKE R
To give Brother Hart a chance to cool his brain cells for awhile. Brotlier Joseph K. Kohorst of Springfield, 111., and Ye Editor combine talents to present the following hodge podge of hard and not-so-hard material. The first questions are the contribution of Broth- er Kohorst, while the remaining five are the brain children of Ye Editor. The total point value is 200. Anything over 150 ought to be pure gra\'y. Next month old Professor Hart will be back slinging them at you in his iisual fascinating and informative style.
Answers on Page 29.
CARPENTRY
1. The plancher is part of a stair, mitre box, flooring, cornice? 10
2. What is meant by the term "mitre angle"? 10
3. (a) What is another term for threshold? 5
(b) What is another term for head casing? .5
4. In stair building, what is meant by the term "half space"? 10
BUILDING
5. Can you name the primary and secondary colors? 5
6. A mahl stick is used by an architect, a carpet layer, a painter or a welder?_ .5
7. A vernier is part of a milling machine, an architect's le\'el, or a steam
valve? 10
8. Chamfer strips are usually used in form work, trimming windows, or flooring? 5
9. Name the three general methods by means of which heat transfer can
be accomplished. 10
MATHEMATICS
10. (a) The square of 3 plus the square of 4 equals the square of 5. True or
false. 5
(b) The cube of 3, plus the cube of 4, plus the cube of 5 equals the cube
of 6. True or false. 5
11. What number is it which its double, its half, and its third are equal to
34? (Tr>' yom: algebra.) 10
12. In the equation (Area^Pi r^) what is the value of Pi? 5
13. What formula would you use to find the area of a circle? 5
14. A perfect nvunber is one which is equal to the sum of its divisors: (viz: 1 plus 2 plus 3 equal 6 and 1, 2, 3, are the divisors of 6.) What are the next
two perfect numbers? 15
BRAIN TEASER
15. Three cows eat in two weeks all the grass on two acres of land, together \Vith all the grass which grows there in two weeks. Two cows eat in four weeks all the grass on two acres of land, togetlier with all the grass which grows there in the fovir weeks. How many cows then wiU eat in six weeks all the grass on six acres of land, togetlier with all the grass which grows there in the six weeks? It is understood that the quantit>' of grass on each acre is the same when the cows begin to graze and the rate of growth
is uniform. 25
16. In carpentry, what is a duck? (P. S. It has nothing to do with the hospital version.) 5
17. Do you know what devex means? And no fair peeking at the answers 5
18. Now try yom* luck with "fiUistered joint." Would 30U know one if it
looked you in the eye? 10
19. If you were working on grillage, would >'Ou be working on the roof, top
floor, or foundation of a building? 10
20. There is nothing to the following little puzzle. By a little reasoning the answer can be arrived at through simple deduction. A carpenter starts out on a hxonting expedition. He starts walking due south from point A. After walking three miles due soudi to point B he makes a 90 degree turn and walks three miles due east to point C where he shoots a bear. At point C he is exacdy as far from starting point A as he was at point B. The hunter is 45 years old and uses a ^\"inc■hester rifle. What is the color of
the bear he shot? 25 __ —
Total point 200
THE CARPENTER 29
ANSWERS TO "THE LOCKER"
1. Cornice.
2. Means the angle formed by the mitre cut and edge of moulding.
3. (a) Saddle.
(b) Architrave.
4. The interval between two flights of steps in a staircase.
5. Primary: red, blue ,yellow. Secondary: purple, green, orange.
6. A painter.
7. Architect's level.
8. Form work.
9. Conduction, radiation, convection.
10. (a) True. (b) True.
11. 12.
12. Pi=3.1416.
13. Area=Pi r2.
14. 28-496.
15. 5 Cows.
16. A weight attached to a cord used for tlireading sash pulleys with sash cord.
17. A downward bending; as, the bending of joists that are overloaded; a downward sloping.
18. A joint made by means of rabbets cut on the edge of tlie members. Sometimes the tongues lap onto each other and sometimes the tongues are fitted to each other with tlie rabbets closed with a fillet; a sort of shiplap joint; a groove joint with a false tongue.
19. Foundation. Grillage is a base made of lumber in a cribbed manner for building foundations on in quicksand or otlier soft bottom.
20. The clue lies in the fact that the hunter at point C was exactly as far from the starting point as he was at point B. in order for a man to be able to walk three miles south and tliree miles east without getting more tlian three miles away from the starting point would have to start from the north pole; which means any bear shot would have to be a polar bear and therefore white.
♦
25th ANNIVERSARY AND DEDICATION AT BERKLEY, MICHIGAN
Six hundred of the 1300 members of Local 998, Oakland County, Michigan, were banqueted at tables decorated with spring flowers and laden witli food, on March 11, 1950. The occasion marked the twenty-fifth anniversary of the organization of tliis Local as well as the dedication of their new $87,000 hall, at 1949 W. Twelve Mile, Berkley, Michigan, planned and built by tlie membership.
Mr. Ronald Swanson acted as master of ceremonies for the program which was carried on during and after the Jjanquet. The large auditorium, which is on the floor abo\e tlie banquet room, comfortably accommodated the crowd both during the program and for the dancing which followed.
Among the special guests, who brought greetings from their organizations were Mr. C. O. VanHorn, of the General Office at Indianapolis; Mr. Finlay Allen of tlie Detroit Building Trades Council; Mr. Archie Virtue of the Oakland County Building Trades; and Mr. \'ern Lough of the Carpenters District Council of Detroit.
Each of the speakers stressed tlie importance of the building of such a splendid home for tlie local and the benefits which tlie community received from such a project.
Congratulatory telegrams were read from Gov. Mennen Williams and Mr. Jacob Kaller, who were unable to be present.
Presentations were made to four retired members for lengdi of membership; Brother FRANK STELTZNER, aged eighty, initiated July 22, 1901; Brodier EDMUND H. TAYLOR, aged 80, initiated October 24, 1902; Brotlier NELIUS JORGENSEN, aged 80, initiated August 27, 1906, and Brother EDWARD ROSELAND, aged 65, initiated June 25, 1913; and to MR. and MRS. JOHN NAUMAN, organizers of tlie union and auxiliary a quarter of a century ago.
President of Local 998 is Mr. Chester Jacobs, Sr., and the business agents are Mr. Clarence Lumley and Mr. Edgar E. Harper.
Official Information
General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS
of AMERICA
Gbneral Office : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General President WM. L. HUTCHESOX Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis
Ind.
First General Vice-President
M. A. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Acting Secretaet
ALBERT E. FISCHER
Carpenters' Building, IndianapollB, Ind.
Second General Vice-President
JOHN R. STEVENS ON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Treasurer
S. P. MEADOWS
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Executive Board
First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, JE. Ill E. 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y.
Fifth District, R. E. ROBERTS 3819 Cuming St., Omaha, Nebr.
Second District. O. WH. BLAIEK 933 E. Magee, Philadelphia 11, Pa.
SLsth District. A. 'W. MUIE Box 1168, Santa Barbara, Calif,
Third District. HARRY SCH-WAEZEK 1248 "Walnut Ave., Cleveland, O.
Seventh District 3560 St. Lawrence, Montreal, Que., Can.
Fourth District. ROLANTD ADAMS 712 West Palmetto St., Florence, S. C.
WM. L. HUTCHESON. Chairman ALBERT E. FISCHER, Acting Secretary
All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the Acting Secretary
SPECL\L NOTICE
We \-\-ish to remind all Locals that tlie 26th General Convention of the United Brother- hood of Carpenters and Joiners of .America v^iM be held in tlie Auditorium of the Cincinnati Masonic Temple, Cincinnati, Ohio, beginning September 5, 1950, at 2:00 P.M. and continue in session from day to day until the business coming before the Convention has been
completed.
We also \^ish to call your attention to the following:
All amendments to the General Constitution submitted by the Local Unions, District, State or Provincial Councils for the consideration of the Convention shall be forwarded to the office of the Secretary and in accordance with the action of the General Executive Board will be published in our Journal, "The Carpenter," after the July 15th date preceding the Convention and no further amendments shadl be considered by the Constitution Committee other than those submitted in accordance with the above, but amendments to any Section can be offered from the floor during the report of the Constitution Committee.
Fratemall}' yours,
ALBERT E. FISCHER, Acting Secretary.
NEW LOCAL UNIONS CH.\RTERED
JANUARY 19.j0
31S1 Bishop, California
FEBRUARY 1950
1703 Penn Yan. New York
1711 Scottsboro, Alabama
1726 Laredo, Texas
1756 Kennett, Missouri
1850 Chattanooga. Tenn.
1910 New Castle, Indiana
1928 Vancouver, B. C, Can.
1950 Covington, Louisiana
1979 Ft. Lauderdale, Fla.
1641 Naples, Florida
MARCH 1950
19S1 Jacksonville, Arkansas
2003 St. Thomas. Ont.. Can.
3188 Forest HiU. California
2031 Ft. Edward, New York
2045 Jackson, Mississippi
3192 Malvern. Arkansas
3193 Jamestown, New York
APRIL 1950
3183 Concrete, Washington
3176 Cascade Locks, Oregon
2054 Horseheads, New York
2062 Jackson, Kentucky
3104 2070 3195 3196
2081 2115 2116
2120 2392 2153 2185 2187 2501
Jamestown, New York Park Falls, Wisconsin El Paso, Texas Socorro, New Mexico
MAY 1950 Pine Bluff, Arkansas Ft. Pierce, Florida Seeley Lake, Montana Owatonna. Minnesota Cadillac. Michigan Medford, Wisconsin Kingsland, Georgia Pensacola, Florida Warm Springs, Oregon
^ rt 0.ttntfviHnt
Not lost to those that love them, Not dead, just gone before;
They still live in our memory. And will forever more
%t^i in l^tsctt
Th9 Editor has been requested to publish the namea •/ the following Brothers who have passed away.
ROBERT ADAMS, L. U. 225, Atlanta, Ga. A. D. ADAMSON, L. U. 1976, Los Angeles Cal. C. N. ALLEN, L. U. 1800, Shelton, Wash. FRITZ ANDERSON, L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn. LEONARD H. ANDERSON, L. U. 792, Rock- ford. III. NELS ANDERSON, L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn. CARL ANDRE, L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn. RICHARD ARZIG, L. U. 1367, Chicago, 111. JAMES D. BAHRT, L. U. 129, West Hazleton,
Pa. CORTLAND BEAULIEU, L. U. 177, Spring- field, Mass. GEORGE BECKEL, L. U. 298, Long Island
City, N. Y. C. A. BENSON, L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn. CARL BENSON, L. U. 51, Boston, Mass. ABE BERMAN, L. U. 946, Los Angeles, Calif. ARTHUR E. BOOCK, L. U. 129, W. Hazleton,
Pa. G. S. BROADFOOT, L. U. 329, Oklahoma City,
Okla. WILLIAM S. BURNS, L. U. 101, Baltimore, Md. DANIEL CAMPION, L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn. ADOLPH CARLSON, L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn. G. H. CHRISTY, L. U. 1207, Charleston, W. Va. N. J. COLLINS, L. U. 1339, Morgantown,
V/. Va. DWIGHT A. COPELAND, L. U. 98, Spokane,
Wash. FRED CORNISH, L. U. 329, Oklahoma City,
Okla. JOSEPH C. COSTA, L. U. 51, Boston, Mass. JOHN H. CRAWFORD, L. U. 626, Wilmington,
Del. JOE O. CRUZ, L. U. 1976, Los Angeles, Calif. WILLIAM CUMMINGS, L. U. 177, Springfield,
Mass. L. W. DAZIEL, L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn. F. A. De MARS, L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn. ISADORE DOLNICK, L. U. 366, Bronx, N. Y. STANLEY DRINSKY, L. U. 337, Detroit, Mich. CLYDE DUCKWORTH, L. U. 1976, Los Angeles,
Calif. MARTIN DYKEMAN, L. U. 51, Boston, Mass. FRED ECKERT, L. U. 1407, Wilmington, Calif. CHARLES ECKLUND, L. U. 177, Springfield,
Mass. DAN ECKSTRAND, L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn. THOMAS J. EDWARDS, L. U. 177, Springfield,
JOHN H. eLsHOFF, L. U. 4, Davenport, la. ERICK ERICKSON, L. U. 30, New London,
Conn. J. P. FABER, L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn. FRANK R. FANN, L. U. 586, Sacramento, Calif. WILLIAM FEDORKO, L. U. 608, New York,
N. Y. HARRY FRANK, L. U. 808, Brooklyn, N. Y. PATRICK T. GARVEY, L. U. 177, Springfield,
PAUL GEGZNAS, L. U. 1922, Chicago, 111. FERRY W. GIDDINGS, L. U. 337, Detroit, Mich. W. C. GOODNOE, L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn. AUGUST GRAMLING, L. U. 298, Long Island City, N. Y.
MARTIN GREGOR, L. U. 13, Chicago, 111. W. G. GROSS, L. U. 1339, Morgantown, W. Va. N. H. HAGUE, L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn. O. M. HARPER, L. U. 225, Atlanta, Ga. LEONARD HARTMAN, L. U. 87, St. Paul,
Minn. JACOB HEFNER, L. U. 298, Long Island City,
N. Y. JOHN D. HENRY, L. U. 90, EvansvUle, Ind. JAMES E. HESS, L. U. 768, Kingston, Pa. OTTO HEUER, L. U. 1292, Huntington, N. Y. JOSEPH HIZSNYIK, L. U. 746, Norwalk, Conn. GERHART HOFFMAN, L. U. 87, St. Paul,
Minn. J. R. HOGAN, L. U. 225, Atlanta, Ga. LOUIS HOUDAK, L. U. 98, Spokane, Wash. J AS. HUXTED, L. U. 1940, Kitchener, Ont.,
Canada CECIL P. JAMISON, L. U. 792, Rockford, IlL HUGH JAMISON, L. U. 206, New Castle, Pa. WILLIAM JENCKEN, L. U. 608, New York,
N. Y. PAUL JENKINS, L. U. 225, Atlanta, Ga. H. M. JENSEN, L. U. 946, Los Angeles, Calif. CARL JOHNSON, L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn. EDWARD JOHNSON, L. U. 13, Chicago, 111. J. H. JONES, L. U. 225, Atlanta, Ga. VERNON JONES, L. U. 946, Los Angeles, Calif. W. H. KELLY, L. U. 329, Oklahoma City, Okla. JAMES KINSELLA, L. U. 13, Chicago, 111. HARRY C. KNUDSEN, L. U. 1922, Chicago,
111. FRANK KORUSEK, L. U. 388, Richmond, Va. LOUIS LARIO, L. U. 13, Chicago, 111. WM. LARSON, L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn. ROBERT A. LEE, L. U. 808, Brooklyn, N. Y. CLYDE LITTLE, L. U. 213, Houston, Texas E. A. MC MANUS, L. U. 946, Los Angeles, Cal. HENDERSON MC NEIL, L. U. 1029 Johnston
City, 111. GEORGE MC WILLIAMS, L. U. 608 New York,
N. Y. HARVEY MARTIN, L. U. 177, Springfield,
HORACE J.'mATHIS, L. U. 1335, Wilmington,
Calif. JOHN W. MAUERER, L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn. JULIUS H. MEGGERS, L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn. WILLIAM MICHAELIS, L. U. 60, Indianapolis,
Ind. BEN T. MILLER, L. U. 2088, Port Royal, S. C. JOHN W. MOLLOHAN, L. U. 1207, Charleston,
W. Va. C. P. NORDEHN, L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn. ELDRED E. NORRIS, L. U. 1335, Wilmington,
Calif. ALVIN ODNESS, L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn. OLAF N. OLSEN, L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn. FRED PAINTER, L. U. 1339, Morgantown, W.
Va. C. A. PETERSON, L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn. GEORGE PETERSON, L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn. NELS PETERSON L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn. J. E. PIERCE, L. U. 515 Colorado Springs, Colo. JOHN POLLOCK, L. U. 301, Newburgh, N. Y.
32
THE CARPENTER
^rt ^etnaviatn
GEORGE POWELS, L. U. 946, Los Angeles,
Calif. GEORGE PRIBITSCH, L. U. 1784, Chicago, 111. GUST PUNDY, L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn. FRED RASMUSSEN, L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn. WILLIAM H. RAYNER, L. U. 608, New York,
N. Y. ANDREW REVIE, L. U. 440, Buffalo, N. Y. C. O. RINKE, L. U. 98, Spokane, Wash. A. RODRIQUES, L. U. 316, San Jose, Calif. J. H. RONK, L. U. 316, San Jose, Calif. JOHN ROSEGRANT, L. U. 1335, Wilmington,
Calif. JOHN SAHLIN, L. U. 1922, Chicago, 111. JOHN A. SAMUELSON, L. U. 87, St. Paul,
Minn. JOHN SANDRIK, L. U. 1922, Chicago, 111. DAVID SARVETNICK, L. U. 626, Wilmington,
Del. LOUIS T. SCHMIDT, L. U. 101, Baltimore, Md. R. F. SCHROEDER, L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn. MAX SILVER, L. U. 13, Chicago, 111. C. H. SMITH, L. U. 1768, Jacksonville, Texas JOHN SMITH, L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn. J. L. SOUMMEROUR, L. U. 225, Atlanta, Ga. OTTO SOVA, L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn. JOHN SPENCE, L. U. lOl, Baltimore, Md. THOMAS SPITTLE, L. U. 946, Los Angeles,
Calif. BYRON STOUT, L. U. 60, Indianapolis, Ind.
W. G. STUART, L. U. 1800, Shelton, Wash. JESSE STULLER, L. U. 186, Steubenville, Ohio CHAS. W. TAYLOR, L. U. 1207, Charleston,
W. Va. JOSEPH THELAN, L. U. 177, Springfield,
Mass. VAUGHN THOMAS, L. U. 626 Wilmington,
Del. EDWARD E. THOMASON, L. U. 98, Spokane,
Wash. CHARLES THOMPSON, L. U. 87, St. Paul,
Minn. ERNEST THORNELL, L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn. VERNON E. TILTON, L. U. 101, Baltimore,
Md. WILLIAM D. URBAN, L. U. 2079, Houston,
TEXAS FRED WAHL, L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn. JOHN FRANKLIN WALLEN, L. U. 1407, Wil- mington, Calif. ELI AS WELLMAN, L. U. 301, Newburgh, N. Y. VICTOR WESTIN, L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn. PETER WESTMAN, L. U. 87, St. Paul, Minn, GEO. WILLIAMS, L. U. 329 Oklahoma City,
Okla. CHAS. WILSON, L. U. 60, Indianapolis, Ind. JOHN WOHLLEBEN, L. U. 210, Stamford,
Conn. MAX ZEIFMAN, L. U. 946, Los Angeles, Calif. BEN ZIVOF, L. U. 1922, Chicago, 111.
$50,000 TO AID WINNIPEG FLOOD VICTIMS
To the thousands upon thousands of citizens of Winnipeg, Canada, who were made homeless by the worst flood in recent history, the word "Brotherhood" in the name United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America must carry real significance. Meeting in Indianapolis while the flood was still at its crest, the General Executive Board unanimously voted a $50,000 donation to the Manitoba Flood Control Commission to help rehabilitate the victims of the flood. Within a matter of hours, the check was on its mission of mercy.
The following wire was sent to Hon. Louis S. St. Laiu-ent, Prime Minister of the Domin- ion of Canada, by General President William L. Hutcheson:
WESTERN UNION-
THE HON. LOUIS S. ST. LAURENT, PRIME MINISTER DOMINION OF
CANADA OTTAWA, ONTARIO, CANADA
HONORABLE SIR. THE GENERAL EXECUTIVE BOARD OF THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA WHICH HAS LOCALS THROUGHOUT THE DOMINION OF CANADA AS WELL AS THE USA AT A SESSION HERE IN OUR GENERAL OFFICE IN INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA MADE A DONATION OF FIFTY THOUSAND DOLLARS TO THE MANITOBA FLOOD CONTROL COMMISSION FOR THE BENEFIT AND BE- HOOF OF THE RESIDENTS OF THE CITY OF WINNIPEG. YOU WILL UNDERSTAND HONORABLE SIR THAT NEITHER MYSELF NOR OUR GEN- ERAL EXECUTIVE BOARD IS TRYING IN ANY WAY TO INTERFERE OR EVEN SUGGEST ANY PROCEDURE IN YOUR DOMINION GOVERNMENT, BUT I THOUGHT PERHAPS YOU MIGHT APPRECIATE THE LNFORMATION PERTAINING TO THE ACTION OF OUR BOARD IN MAKING THIS DONA- TION AS WE ARE INTERESTED IN THE WELFARE AND WELL BEING OF THE CITIZENS OF THE PROVINCES IN YOUR DOMINION AS WELL AS BE- ING INTERESTED IN THE WELFARE OF THE CITIZENS OF THE USA. RESPECTFULLY YOURS WM L HUTCHESON
GENERAL PRESIDENT UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA.
CorrQspondQncQ
This Journal Is Not Responsible for Views Expressed by Correspondents.
ILLINOIS STATE COUNCIL ENTERTAINS HOME GUESTS
Through its president, George Ottens, who was visiting in Lakeland at the time, the Illinois State Council of Carpenters on the night of March 11th entertained the guests from Illinois now residing at the Home with a gala banquet and social evening in com- memoration of the hundredth anniversary of the birth of Samuel Gompers. International officers and representatives who were in the area at the time in connection with the regular meeting of the General Executive Board were in attendance as were a number of other visiting friends.
In welcoming the guests, President Ottens stated that it was a pleasure to entertain the old timers, many of whom knew Gompers personally and worked and talked with him on many occasions and looked upon him as a friend and advisor.
Featured speaker of tlie evening was General Secretary Emeritus Frank Duffy who was colleague and close personal friend of peerless Gompers for many years. Brother Duffy gave a brief outline of the history of the labor movement— how, why and when the American Federation of Labor was organized; how Gompers was first elected presi- dent and retained that position for nearly half a century; the great things he accomplished in his long and honorable career. When Gompers assumed the presidency of the Federation, child labor was widely prevalent and exploitation of both men and women by unscrupulous employers was the rule rather than the exception. In his lifetime, Gompers lived to see strong, independent unions grow up in virtually all industries and humane wages and working conditions result from their efforts. Always the United Brotherhood considered Gompers the right man in the right job and when in 1904 the Socialists threatened to unseat him, the rallying of the Carpenters around him dispersed the opposition. Duffy made Gomper's nominating speech at that time.
The New Florida Hotel extended itsefl to make the dinner a success. The food was ex- cellent and the old timers who hail from the State of Illinois had a grand time reUving and talking over old times.
LYNBROOK LOCALS HELP WORTHY CAUSE
The Long Beach Hospital in the Lynbrook, N. Y., area is going to serve the community
as thoroughly as possible. Members of the United Brotherhood have done their bit to make
sure that such is possible.
On a recent Saturday, seventy members volunteered to erect a one-family "Dream
House" for the benefit of the Long Beach Hospital in a fund- raising drive. The volunteers, members of Locals 353 and 950, under the direction of Brother Joe Schmitt, Business Agent, and Brother Charles Sussner, who was superintendent, erect- ed the six-room house in eight hoiurs.
A local restaurant supplied hot coffee and sandwiches all day. The Ladies' Auxiliary of the Long Beach Hospital served
a turkey dinner with all the trimmings.
During the progress of the building, television cameras were clicking and five hundred
to a thousand people watched and applauded as each wtrll went up. The house will 'bo
raffled off.
34
THE CARPENTER
READING, PA. CELEBRATES FIFTIETH BIRTHDAY
Local Union No. 492 of Reading Pa., celebrated its fiftieth anniversary on Friday, Feb. 24, 1950, in the Orioles Hall. Music, entertainment, refreshments and a buffet lunch were enjoyed by everyone present.
Business Agent L. E. Ross served as toastmaster for tlie occasion. In his introduction, he extolled the virtues of Brothers James R. Schearer, George H. Boyer and William Hanuf, the three remaining Charter members who are still active union members. Brother Ross cpmplimentes these members and their associates for their fortitude and loyalty to the Local Union, making it possible, through collective bargaining, to increase the hour- ly rate from 18c in 1900 to $2.15 in 1950, and to enjoy working conditions second to none.
Twenty-four apprentices were congratulated and were presented with their certificates of completion, supplied by the United Brotherhood and the Pennsylvania Department of
Labor. Toastmaster Ross introduced many special guests, including Mr. Her- bert Kissinger, Director of Vocational Training of the Reading School District; Mr. Horace Heist, Field Representative of the Pennsylvania Apprenticeship Training Service; Edward A. Reider, President of the Joint Apprenticeship Council and the Teachers of the classes. Mr. Kissinger made the presentation speech to the apprentices, in which he stressed the importance of school train- ing by professional teachers.
Among the guests present were Rich- ard O'DriscoU, President; John Creagan, Secretary; Chas. Shedaker, and Thos. Smith, Business Agents of the Philadel- phia District Council; Jean Considine, President of the Pennsylvania Highway Organizing committee; Carl Engel, Spe- cial Organizer on Highway; Ralph Lyons, Business Agent, Harrisburg; H. Scleicher, Business Agent, Allentown; John Wilhelm, Business Agent, Bethlehem; Rudolph Sterback, Business Agent, and Chas. Nieman, Presi- dent of Lancaster, Pa. The Ofiicers and Business Agents of the local Building Trades were also present.
A silent trbiute in memory to the late Brother Mayberry Mengel, who passed away on February 13, 1950, was added to the affair. Brother Mengel was the oldest member in years of membership in the Local Union up to his demise, having joined No. 8 in 1899,
Charter members James R. Schearer, George H. Boyer and William Hanuf confer with Business Agent L. E. Ross during the celebration.
CANADIAN LOCAL CELEBRATES ANNIVERSARY
Local 498 celebrated its fiftieth Anniversary on Thursday, Feb. 16th, when a success- ful banquet and dance were held in the Coronation Room of the Brant Hotel.
President George Emsley welcomed members and guests, including representatives of the painters, plvunbers, bricklayers and electricians. Mr. Emsley pointed out that not a single strike marred tlie 50 years' history of Local 498.
Leonard R. Lear, National Representative of the Trades and Labor Congress of Canada, conveyed best wishes and congratulations on behalf of President P. R. Bengough and the executives of the Congress.
Brother Andy Cooper, Toronto, General Representative of the Brotherhood, was the guest speaker of the evening and in his remarks appealed to the younger members to faithfully attend the meetings of tlie Local and fight for legislation which would result in benefits to all. "I hope that the people of Canada may never again be faced with such conditions as existed during the years 1930 to 1939. I appeal to Dominion governments to join with the imions in devising ways and means of avoiding a recurrence of such conditions. Local 498 is to be congratulated for the progress it has made during the past
THE CARPENTER 35
50 years. Now, more than ever before, it is essential that the unions be maintained, and it is the responsibihty of the younger members to carry on the traditions of the Brother- hood."
During the evening four members, with records of membership of 30 years or more, were introduced to the gathering.
CORPUS CHRISTI INAUGURATES "FAMILY NIGHT"
In order to stimulate greater interest in meetings, and bring members into closer con- tact with each other. Local Union No. 1423, Corpus Christi, Texas, has inaugurated a novel program which merits consideration. In a letter to The Carpenter, RoUa H. Watson, financial secretary, describes the activities of his union as follows:
"Our Local Union has purchased a 16mm sound movie projector and we have set aside our fourth meeting night of each month as "Family Night". At this time we show a full length feature picture, short subjects and comedies after which we have light re- freshments and then play records over our PA system for dancing, both modem and square.
"It appears that our members have enjoyed these programs immensely and are fast becoming acquainted with each other and it has been a great help to our Ladies' Auxil- iary. They appoint a committee from their ranks to aid in the serving of refreshments and it has meant that through the contacts made they have gained a goodly number of ACTIVE MEMBERS. We feel that our Ladies' Auxiliary has done an outstanding job in assisting us to make our programs a success and they have also done a fine job in educating our women folks to purchasing UNION MADE GOODS.
Local Union No. 1423 has taken a bold step. Anything that brings members closer together and unites them more solidly in a common bond is highly commendable. The success the Corpus Christi Union achieves with its experiment will be worth watching.
ROSWELL LOCAL ACHIEVES GOLDEN ANNIVERSARY
March 25th, members of Local 511, Roswell, N. M., together with friends and labor leaders from throughout the state, gathered at the Knights of Pythias Hall, to commemorate the founding of this Local Union fifty years previously.
Local 511 was chartered on March 14, 1900, and holds the distinction of being the oldest Carpenter Local in the State of New Mexico. At the time the Local was chartered,
it had 17 members, all of whom have
2^ ^ ^ ~ T^ passed away, although Brother G. N.
Amis, who joined the Local in June, 1900, was an honored guest.
After a delicious banquet, which put everyone in a jovial mood, speeches were enjoyed by the Honorable Lake J. Fraz- ier. Mayor of Roswell; Brother Charles W. Parcell, Secretary of the State Coun- cil of Carpenters, and Brother Alex Si- mon from Hobbs Local Union, who has held 50 years' continuous membership. The principal address was delivered by Brother A. W. Muir, General Executive Board member of tlie Brotlierhood. He gave a very inspiring speech, speaking on Unionism in general and of the United Brotherhood in particular, which has become knovioi as one of Labor's best friends throughout the State of New Mexico.
Speeches were also given by Brother John Murray, International Representative; Brother Joe Rivera, Secretary of the State Council of Savraiill Workers and President of the State Federation of Labor; Brother Earl J. McDonald, Secretary of the State Federation of Labor. Brother J. C. Cummins, member of Local 511 and President of the State Council of Car- penters. Brother Gene Burgoon, President of the Local, ably presided. Following the speaking, dancing was enjoyed by everyone.
The occasion was a great success and one that the Carpenters of Local 511 wall long remember.
36 THE CARPENTER
WEST VIRGINIA STATE COUNCIL HOLDS BUSY MEETING
Meeting in Morgantown March 26th, the West Virginia State Council of Carpenters held one of the most profitable conclaves in its history. With all members present a full agenda was disposed of in an expeditions manner.
Among the prominent visitors on hand to welcome the officers was G. Clifford Hough, Mayor of the City and a member in good standing of the Lathers Union. Mayor Hough extended a warm welcome to the visitors and wished them every success. Other dis- tinguished guests included Volney Andrews, treasurer of the West Virginia State Fed- eration, Thurmond L, Radford, president of the Building Trades Council, and O. Wm. Blaier, General Executive Board Member. All delivered interesting talks, especially Board Member Blaier who presented a good deal of useful information regarding the United Brotherhood and the carpentry trade.
Among the business transacted by the meeting was a vigorous protest over the use of non-union labor on the Star City Boulevard and certain bridge projects. The Council endorsed a four-year medical school for the state university and adopted a resolution urging all union members to vote for their friends and against their enemies at the primaries. The chairman appointed a committee to work with the contractors association to draft a state building code in order to promote safety in construction and to protect all concerned from gyp building and wage chiselling. The chair also appointed a committee to work out ways and means among affiliated locals for facilitating the moving of millwrights and millwright apprentices from area to area in order that they might follow their line of work more easily. By the time all the business was disposed of, the visitors were ready to start home secure in the knowledge that their time was very profitably spent.
RACINE HONORS GRADUATING APPRENTICES
Fifty-five Racine, Wisconsin young men, twenty-two of whom are members of Local Union No. 91, were honored Tuesday night, February 14th at a dinner in Memorial Hall marking the official completion of their apprenticeship training.
The dinner was jointly spon- sored by the Building Trades Employers' Association of Racine and the Racine Build- ing and Construction Trades Council.
M. M. Hanson, assistant di- rector of the bureau of appren- ticeship of the U. S. depart- ment of labor, spoke on the progress of apprenticeship in the construction industry. He pointed to 55 journeymen train- ed by the Racine program as tlie dividends resulting from the joint efforts of labor, man- agement, apprentices, the apprentice bureau and the Vocational School.
Congratulations were extended to the graduates by George Nelson on behalf of the Racine contractors and by Peter T. Schoemann, president of the Milwaukee Building and Construction Trades Council, on behalf of the building trades unions.
Lester G. Kieffer, one of the graduating apprentices, extended the thanks of his group to the joint committee, the employers, the other journeymen and to the Vocational School instructors.
The Industrial Commission apprenticeship diplomas were distributed by Walter F. Simon, director of apprenticeship for the Wisconsin Industrial Commission, and Silas V. Moote, field representative of the U. S. Department of Labor, bureau of apprenticeship.
Carpenters and Joiners Journeymen certificates were distributed by Walter Dunn, international representative of the carpenters union, Rex Fransway distributed the electrical industry diplomas and Chip Ebert distributed tlie bricklayers citations.
John Grant, secretary of the Racine Building and Construction Trades Council, was chairman and George Nelson, co-chairman. W. C. (Tex) Reynolds was master of ceremonies.
r
THE CARPENTER
37
IOWA STATE COUNCIL'S 36th ANNUAL CONVENTION
The 36th Annual Convention of tlie Iowa State Council of Carpenters and Joiners of America was held at Ottumwa, Iowa, on April 12 and 14, 1950.
The local unions in Iowa were well represented and fraternal delegates from Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois and Kansas State Council were in attendance.
Local Union No. 767 of Ottumwa, Iowa celebrated its 50th Anniversary of the char- tering of that local union in conjunction with the Convention of the Iowa State Council.
The convention committee of the local union and the ladies auxiliary completed elaborate plans for the entertainment of the delegates and their wives. The delegates to the convention, the members of Local Union No. 767 and their wives were entertained
Seated: S. P. McKenzy, Marshalltown, Secretary-Treasurer; O. F. Sellers, Marshalltown, President; C. L. Fulton, Sioux City, Vice-President.
Standing, Board Members: L. M. Blitsch, Waterloo; W. R. Traver, Blue Grass; C. E. Pittman, Morning Sun; V. I. Morehead, Sioux City; W. E. Shay, Des Moines; W. O. Brown, Council Bluffs; H. P. Schmidt, Ottumwa; R. D. Hesley, Fort Dodge.
by a banquet, floor show and dance on the evening of April 13tli. 175 guests attended the banquet and many more were present for the showing of the motion pictures of our Home at Lakeland, Florida, and the International Office in Indianapolis, Indiana.
The Delegates presented Local Union No. 767 with a black walnut Conference Chair and an Electric Wall Clock, to be used in the Meeting Hall of the Local Union, as a token of their 50th Anniversary and for being Hosts to the State Council Convention,
Muscatine, Iowa, will be the Host for the State Council Convention in 1951.
EVERETT, WASH., CELEBRATES GOLDEN JUBILEE
Some 500 members, friends and guests lilled Normanna Hall, Everett, Washington, to capacity on the night of April 28th when Local Union No. 562 celebrated its golden jubilee. Despite tlie huge crowd, a fine dinner was served to all in less tlian an hour.
Royce Yeomans, President of Local 562, who was master of ceremonies introduced Brother L. L. Helland, the only living charter member residing in Everett, and present- ed him with a 50 year Membership Pin. Mrs. Helland was also introduced and presented with a bouquet.
A letter was read from Brother Harry Chapman, tlie other living charter member. Harry who resides in California said he was unable to be present owing to poor health. He sent his best wishes. A fifty-year membership pin has been sent to Brotlier Chapman.
President Yeomans introduced A. F. of L. Organizer, John S. Thornbtirn; International Representative Walter S. Hankins; Nelson Lowe, President of Washington State Council of Carpenters; Brother Fisher, Secretary of Seattle District Council of Carpenters; Sid Hansen, former B. A, of the Seattle District Council of Carpenters; and otlier visitors from Seattle, Tacoma, and other places.
A. F. of L. Organizer, John S. Thornburn congratulated the Local on its good record and expressed the greetings of President WiUiam Green.
38 T H E C A R P E X T E R
IritemaMcnal Representative Walter S. Hankins brought the greetings of General President. Williain L. Hutcheson, who was tmable to be present.
Xelscr. L ve. President of the State Council of Carpenters also spoke briefly.
H. G. ^^.'i]:er. Treasurer of Loc-al 562. gave a brief history of the Local and its acti^-ities during the past 50 years.
•
LOCAL UMON 246 PAYS TKIBUTE TO ITS YETS
In 'keevin'Z v.-^t?. .-. vi—y-yfir cl£ -.r,^d:T::r., Lzzil Union No. 246, New York City, recer.t'y ■ :r.:rvd ::_- " vTt: r : . :::' :_; v/ : 5i'' 5er :;e in either World War I or World \\'^ II •■:::-: i z?.l:-. z -^—y \r.d 5:::^: rVrr^r.-. Av.iy back after the close of World War I, Fir. r. :-_ Srirri^ry Gm- D.^rristadt conceived the idea of honoring the veterans among t^.T . .vi.. rr; .iy " ::/. i syriirJ night. The first party veas such a success that it became an inr.Mil ifr^ir ' il. "_.v un: n, So active has been Brother Darmstadt in promoting thr v,r-r;.rr :f ■ r: vr;.r.i ■-::!-.:- ir.:- union that these ariTinal affairs have come to be known as Dar:- _:id: Xir :. This years y r: ' as among the best.
Many g-aei" syrakers were prt-rn: to honor and pay homage to the veterans along v.iah added words of praise for Gus Darmstadt for his ^wholehearted efforts in insti- tiating an honor night for our respected veteran brothers.
General Representative Sam Sutherland gave an instructive and enlightening address on :::e cenefits of lardonism, and like many great organizers, had some good stories to telL
Mr. r . ' li y . of the American Red Cross, addressed the members on the value ana neieiiny :: re Red Cross Blood Bank. His talk was ■well rendered and a donation oi ilOi L J V. =? y en in response to his appeal for the Red Cross.
President Dcrnnar;-: MandagHo and his staff of Offic-ers of Local Union No. 385 ex- pressed the good wishes of tiieir Local Union to Brother Darmstadt and the \''eterans present.
E inneis Agent James Ctmnin^iam also commended Brother Darmstadt for what he has dene in behalf <rf the Veterans ■welfare. \^'ith their many years of friendship and cooperation, he stated that no man could do more to bring harmony into his Local Union.
The speakers, the oflBcers and members were thanked for their fine cooperation in making this night a grand success; after which aD. were invited to partake of a buffet Inndi. «
0-\L\IL\ D. C. DEDICATES NEW HOME
In the presence of himdxeds c: n er .ders and a host of distinguished guests, the Omaha District Council on Satard^; . Ayrd 15. dedicated its fine ne^w- home at Nineteenth and Califonria Streets to the advancement and progress of organized labor in Nebraska. The Onnaha carpenters have a long and proud histor\' of unionism. For over sixty-five >ear5 d =^ United Brodieifaood has had representatives in Nebraska's No. 1 citjn Through all './..- ; ars, tiirou^ good times and bad, Omaha has kept the United Brotherhood baraaer tljing. Acquisition of its own home brought to reality a dream of the Omaha Disrrict Council tiiat began ■when it was first organized some thirty-one \-ears ago.
Present at the dedicatory- ceremonies were Glenn Cimnin^am, Mayor of the Cit>y and WiUiam Schribner who represented the General Contractors of Nebraska. Both paid high praise to the patriotic and fair-minded way in which the carpenters of Omaha have conducted their business. Featured speaker of the occasion was John R. Stevenson, Second General Vice-President, who conveyed the congratulations and best wishes of the General Office. In a few words. Brother Stevenson outlined the philosophy of the Unired Eritherhood when he said: "We ask nothing of anyone except the right to do tinnr; ::r c-orselves."
Jr ; - : r d.e Americanism of the Omaha District Council and its affihates came from \y- : n.er _i_::nguished guests; A. M. Witzling, president, Omaha Federation of Labor, and Gordon Preable, president, Nebraska Federation of Labor. Both organizations have their offices in the building.
Other speakers wer Elmer DoweU, Nebraska AFh organizer, and Walter Andrews, Beatrice, President, State Council of Carpenters. The Rev. Francis Belote, Lowe Avenue Presb>i:erian Church, gave tiie opening prayer. Clarence Johnson, Carpenters District Council president, presided.
The Council purchased the structure, a former office and warehouse, last year. It has been remodeled and decorated at a cost of more than fifteen thousand dollars.
Besides the Council and its four locals, it houses 10 other labor organizations and serves as a meeting place for 40 additional groups.
McCOOK LADIES USE NOVEL FUND RAISING PLAN
The Editor:
Hi! tliere, all sister Auxiliaries from Auxiliary No. 568 of McCoolc, Nebraska.
We organized and received our charter March 1, 1950, with 20 members. We urge all wives, motliers, sisters and daughters to join as members.
Our roster of officers is as follows: President, Mrs. Pearl Stilgebouer; Vice-President, Mrs. Roy Little; Recording Secretary, Mrs. Opal Casper; Financial Secretary, Mrs. Mabel Yoos; Treasurer, Mrs. Hazel Ruby; Conductor, Mrs. Thelma Ruby; Warden, Mrs. Maude Squires; Trustees, Mrs. Imia Adams, Mrs. Emily Swendenburg and Mrs. Howard Goble.
We meet the second and f oiurth Wednesday of the month in the home of a member until we are financially able to rent a hall.
Since we had no funds, v^'e hit on the idea of charging each member, present at the meeting, a dime for her lunch. This created quite a lot of fun and laughter.
To increase oiur treasury, we recently held a bake sale; also we are planning a benefit card party which we hope will net us a good sum.
We would Uke to see this in "The Carpenter," and would enjoy any suggestions from other sister Auxiliaries.
Fraternally,
Mrs. Opal Casper, Recording Secretary.
FORT SMITH LADIES GET AUXILIARY UNDER WAY
rhe Editor:
Hello to all our Sister Auxiliaries from newly fonned Auxiliary No. 71 of Fort Smith, Arkansas.
We have a membership of 15 and have just received our charter and installed our officers.
Our meetings are held in a beautiful hall which was prepared for us by the Carpenters.
We have elected delegates to attend the convention which meets here in Fort Smith )n the 15tli, 16tli and 17th of May.
I We would appreciate ideas and suggestions from you older Auxiliaries. I Fraternally,
Mrs. W. W. Duncan, Recording Secretary
FAR NORTH GOING STRONG
rhe Editor:
Ladies' Auxiliary No. 527, Anchorage, Alaska, sends greetings to all Sister Auxiliaries. 1 Our Auxiliary, the first organization of its kind in Alaska, was formed a year ago with ;leven members. The membership has now grown to sixty. Thirteen of our Brotliers of he Union were initiated into tlie Ladies' AuxiUary at our Januar>' meeting.
We have had several fund-raising projects, among which were two bingo parties, a )ake sale and refreshments sale at the benefit dance given by tlie Carpenters' Local to aise fvmds to help finance tlie new Carpenters' Hall.
We have a committee that takes care of sending cards and flowers to the sick.
Fraternally, I Ellen Curtiss, PubKcity Agent.
40 THECARPEXTER
BUFFALO LADIES EN'JOY \L\XY FINE E\"ENTS The Editor:
Le.dies' Av.Tiliar}- Xo. 125 of Buffalo, Xew York, takes this opportumt>- to say "Hello" to all Sister Auxiliaries and to extend a cordial in\'itation for ^lsits or correspondence vn^ vs.
We meet on the fourdi Thursday of each month at Carpenters' Hall.
Our annual banquet, which is held in March with our husbands as guests, is a really- grand affair.
Ehiring the summer, our family picnic with entertainment for children and adults is eagerly anticipated.
We have our in^romptu parties for raising funds and a dark horse and blanket club are regvilar items of our monthly meetings.
Our Christmas party, with exchange of gifts, decorations and special buffet supper, is financed by Christmas stocking offerings, starting at one cent to twelve cents, acciimulative monthly.
We remember tiie local men at Lakeland, Florida, at Christmas.
Recently our Auxiliary attended a local breakfast radio broadcast and as winning con- testant, our President Rosalie ^IcCoy, had the opportunitj' of broadcasting one of our ainn; —■"the purchase at Union-made goods."
Fraternally,
Helen M. Hanssel, Recording Secretary.
TEX.ARK\XA LADIES FORM AUXLLLARY The Editor:
On May 4, 1950, Mr. JoVq Howat, of Shreveport, Louisiana, came to Texarkana, Texas, to in^ran the charter of the newly organized Auxiliary' Xo. 576.
Mr. Howat was certainly splendid and the laxhes received him w^arm-heartedly. The information which he gave to us on organizing was gratefully received since we are just a beginner. Meedless to say, \Fe truly appreaate the time and effort he spent on preparing £or this occasion.
Fraternally,
Mrs. Jack Tallant, Secretar>? and Reporter
MADISOX AUXILL\EY SUPPORTS \L\XY WORTHY CAUSES The Editor:
Greetings to all Auxiliaries from Auxiliary No. 430, Madison, Wisconsin.
We were organized X'ovember 3, 1944, and now have a membership of about 95 mem- bers.
We meet everj' second and fourth Wednesday at the Labor Temple. The first is a social evening, the second a business meeting. After each meeting, we ser^e a lundi to which the men are in\ited.
At one of our first meetings, we had a kitchen shower. Eadi member brought kitchen ntensik, dish towels, etc. The men of Local 314 built cupboards for their storage.
The Hattie Dunn Memorial Fund is our birthday club, which is named in memory ol oiu- oldest, and also one of our best-loved charter members. Each month, those ha\ing birthda>-s, c-ontribute one penny for each year of their age. We have contributed to many; worth\rhile charities from this fund. To mention a few— Cancer Research, Heart Associa- tion, Crippled Children, and European ReUef .
Our Sunshine Fund is for cards, handkerchiefs, and plants for oiu" members who are ilLf
Tw^o of our most interesting projects this year have been making layettes for need}' famihes for the Visiting Nurses' Association and cancer dressings and slings for a local' hospital.
Each year, we cooperate with the men in staging a Christmas pariy^ for the childre We also have several card parties, help the men with their anmial picnic for the familie: and with the Labor Day parade.
We read "The Carpenter," and enjo>- hearing about the acti^"ities of other Auxiharies.
Fraternally.
Mrs. Mar>- J. Ehoshan, Recording Secretar>-
THE CARPENTER 41
GARY LADIES HOLD 3rd ANNIVERSARY PARTY
The Editor:
Ladies' Auxiliary No. 471, Gary, Indiana, held its 3rd Anniversary party on Thursday, April 20, 1950, at the Labor Temple.
Bunco was played and prizes were won by Mrs. Hugh Washburn, Mrs. Earl Wilson and Mrs. Edward Fliegle. Door prizes were won by Mr. and Mrs. Frank Schwartz.
A buffet lunch was served. A tliree-tiered birthday cake, topped with three candles, was placed in the center of the attractively decorated table. The husbands of the members were invited in for refreshments after their meeting.
The regular business meetings are held the first Thursday of each month at the Labor Temple and on the third Thursday, a social meeting is held.
Fraternally,
Mrs. Zelva Jarabek, Recording Secretary' •
SACRAMENTO AUXILIARY ROUNDS OUT 20 ACTIVE YEARS
The Editor:
Hello to all our Sister Auxiliaries from Auxiliary 240 of Sacramento, Calif.
We are just a small group, but hope to get more members as time goes by.
Our meetings our held in different homes of the members on the first and third Friday of each month. On the third Friday, we serve refreshments to our husbands.
We have made two quilts. On one of them is inscribed the names of almost all the Auxiliary ladies and their husbands. We have also made dish towels, tea towels, pillow cases and aprons. Now we are planning a card party for the last of this month.
On the 29th of April, we had our 20th birthday dinner which was well attended. Our master of ceremonies was Brother Ted Westerman who called on all the officers for a short speech. We were honored in having eleven charter members with us. At the close of the evening, we raffled off our Friendship quilt. This was won by one of our members.
We would like to exchange letters and ideas with our Sister Auxiliaries.
Fraternally,
Ida Bryan, Publicity Chairman
HERMISTON AUXILIARY KEEPS ACTIVE
The Editor:
Greetings to all our Sister Auxiliaries from Auxiliary No. 429 of Hermiston, Oregon. We have had quite a bit of fun during the past year. First, we had a Christmas party and a big dinner for the carpenters and their families. Then, we rafHed off some cakes, donating the proceeds to the March of Dimes.
We would appreciate hearing from other Auxiliaries.
Fraternally,
Florence Russell, Recording Secretary.
SPRINGFIELD, MO., AUXILIARY CELEBRATES 5th BIRTHDAY
iThe Editor:
Ladies' Auxiliary No. 431, Springfield, Missouri, sends greetings to all Sister Avixiliaries, and special greetings to Jefferson City, Kansas City and St. Louis.
It has been several years since we have made a report on our members. In November, 1949, we celebrated our fifth anniversary. Carpenters' Local 978 gave r us a wonderful dinner, prepared and served by some of tlieir members. A year ago, they fgave us a beautiful, modern kitchen for which we are so grateful and very proud. ! Last September, we met at Bennett Springs, Mo., with some of the Jefferson City ■ladies and their families. We had a grand picnic and got better acquainted with our "up- state" sisters.
We are doing the usual tilings to keep our treasury in funds— pie suppers, bake sales, rummage sales. We also make aprons and sell them at every opportunity.
We will be happy to hear from some of our Sister Auxiliaries in far-awa>- places.
Fraternally,
LaVerne Paulv, Recording Secretary.
Craft ProblQms
Carpentry
By H. H. Siegele. LESSON 261 Backing Hips and Valleys.— Every roof framer should know how to back hip and valley rafters. In practice, however, the backing is usually omitted. This is especial- ly true when the rafters are made of what is called 2-incli stuff. But since no one can tell in advance what the requirements will be on the next job, the roof framer should be prepared to master anything that he might be called on to do, and that includes backing hip and valley rafters.
|
.^ |
Jl |
|||
|
/ / / / / / / / // / / // / 1/ |
\; |
?^:----. |
||
|
^ |
b |
2! |
||
|
^1 ''w |
> |
' |
u
Fig. 1
Rule for Backing.— A simple rule for ob- taining the bevel for backing hips and val- leys is: Take the length of the rafter on tlie blade of the square and the rise on the tongue, the tongue giving tlie bevel. To make this practical, let inches on the square represent feet. In the diagram shown in Fig. 1, inches on the square represent feet on the drawing. This diagram shows one comer of a hip roof. The hip rafter is shown in triangular fonn, as if it were
Fig. 2
lying on tlie side, in which c-b is the run; b-a, the rise, and a-c, the rafter. Now set the compass at point a, and make a-d equal to a-b, as indicated by tlie dotted
part-circle. The square, as shown, is ap-| plied to the right-angle triangle, c-a-d, in' which c-a is the rafter length; a-d, the rise, and d-c the diagonal distance, or hypotne-
nuse. The run of tlie common rafter in diagram. Fig. 1, is given as 12 feet, and assuming that the rise is 8 feet, it will be' an easy matter to find the figures to be used on the square. The run of the hip would be 17 feet, minus. Now the diagonal distance between 17 and 8 would be ap- proximately 18 % inches. Then 18 % on the body of the square, and 8 on the tongue, would be the points to use for marking the bevel for the backing. Fig. 2 shows the square applied to a piece of rafter material for marking the backing bevels, to tlie left of a hip, and to the right of a valley. These
H. H.SIEGELE'S BOOKS
QUICK CONSTRUCTION.— Covers hundreds of prac- tical building problems, has 256 p. and 686 11. $2.50
BUILDING.— Has 220 p. and 531 il.. covering form building, garages, finishing, stair building, etc. $2.50.
ROOF FRAMING.— 175 p. and 437 il. Root framing complete. Other problems. Including saw filing. $2.50.
CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.- Has 159 p.. 426 il., covering concrete work, form building, screeds, rein- forcing, scaffolding, other temporary construction. $2.50
CARPENTRY. — Has 302 p., 754 il.. covering general house carpentry, estimating and other subjects. $2.50.
BUILDING TRADES DICTIONARY.— Has 380 p., 670 il.. and about 7.000 building trade terms. $3.00.
You can't go wrong if you buy this whole set.
THE FIRST LEAVES.— Poetry. Only $1.00.
TWIGS OF THOUGHT.— Poetry. Only $1.00.
FREE. — With 3 books, one poetry book free, with 5 books, two, and with 6 books, three. (With less than 3 books, one of the poetry books for only 50 cents.)
Books autographed. Five-day Money-back guarantee.
Postpaid only when full amount comes with order. Order u U CIFr^n C 222So. Const. St, luday. ■■■ ■■■ Oit\atwt Emporia, Kansas QUANTITIES— 12 or more books 20% off, f.o.b. Chicago
THE CARPENTER
bevels, which are the same, should be taken on a bevel square, with which tlie marking can be done conveniently.
Another Backing Method.— Fig. 3 shows another way to get the bevel for backing hips and valleys. The diagram again shows
^"-y
"•^ ■^^ '
ii
/ / I \ V
I ' \ \\
/ / / /
/ ' I
12, on the body of the square, and point X on the tongue, the latter gives the bevel.
Fig. 4 shows, to the left, a cross section of a rafter timber with a dotted line through the center. At tlie center, by dotted line squares, is shown how the square is ap- phed to the center line to get tlie two bevels for the backing. The points used on these apphcations are the same as tliose shown by square No. 2, Fig. 3. To the right the backing is shown with the square removed.
Backing for Irregular Pitch Hips and Valleys.— Fig. 5 shows a diagram of an irregular pitch hip rafter on the side, re- presented by the triangle c-b-a. Now draw h-i at a right angle to c-a, and d-e at right angles to c-b, crossing point i. With a compass set at point i, make i-g equal to
^
V-i
I
Fig. 4
a corner of a hip roof with the hip rafter lying on the side. Here c-d gives tlie run; d-e, tlie rise, and e-c the rafter length. Now draw f-d at a right angle to tlie rafter line, and with a compass set at d, make d-g equal to d-f. At right angles to c-d, draw a-b, crossing point d. Join points a and b widi point g, as shown by dotted lines. The be\'els for the backing, which are again the same, are shown on the enlarged cross section of the hip at point g. How to get
•Ha/f Tjiickness of Timber-
Fig. 6
Fu/I Thickncj* of Umber
i-d, and i-f equal to i-e. Join point h, with point g, and also with point f. The bevels for tlie backing will be found on the cross section of the rafter shown at h. The ap- phcation of the square to get the bevels, is the same as explained in Figs. 3 and 4.
Practical Backing Methods.— At A, Fig. 6, is shown a plan in part, of the toe of a hip rafter, and by the dotted Hnes tlie toe of the valley, marked X, X. The main drawing, marked B, is a side view of tlie bottom part of the hip rafter. Now draw the two per- pendicular dotted hues from the plan. A, to
^C__.
Fig. 5
the points to be used on the square is shown by the applications of squares No. 1 and No. 2. For application No. 1, shown in part by dotted Unes, take the base of the triangle on the body, and tlie altitude on
J the tongue, the tongue giving tlie bevel.
I* For application No. 2, take the base figure.
Those Loose ?w\kA-Ovtt ScxQ^ai Can be V\x&A in a Jiffy
ELREDNE
DOOR HINGE TIGHTENER
Will anchor screws quickly and easily No more plugging or removing trim For blocking. All you need is a hammer and screw driver. Door Hinges, Strike Plates, Locks, Garage Door Hinges made perman- ently tight.
Price for 8 tighteners compktQ enough for U loose hinges
^1.00 prepaid; - No C. O. D.
ELREDNE CO., Box 69,lrvington, N.J.
44
THE CARPENTER
the toe of the side view, B. The distance between these two hnes is the distance from the point of the foot cut to the be- ginning of the dotted Hne that runs paral- lel with the pitch of the rafter. This line gives the depth of the backing, as shown by the two cross sections on the main draw- ing, one of which is for a hip and the other is for a vallev. The bevels are the same, and
-Thickness of Hip
■•Toe o/-Hip and VaWe^j
Fig. 7
Tall Diicknejs of Timber
should be taken on a bevel square with which the marking can be done.
A similar diagram is shown by Fig. 7. Here the problem is to get the bevels for backing irregular pitch hip and valley raft- ers. At A is shown a plan of a corner, in part, giving the toe of the hip rafter, and by dotted lines, the toe of the corresponding valley rafter, marked X, X. The two per- pendicular dotted lines that run from the toe to the rafter plan, marked A, to the toe of the side view of the rafter, marked B, give the distance from the point of the foot cut to the beginning of tlie dotted line
Fig. 8
that runs parallel with the rafter pitch. This line marks the depth of the backing, as shown by tlie two cross sections. One of these is for a hip rafter and the other is for a valley rafter. Compare and study Figs. 6 and 7.
Different Backing for Different Angles.—
Fig. 8 shows, to the left, four plans in part, of four corners, each having a different angle. The toes of the backed hips are shown in place, somewhat shaded. The dotted lines that run parallel with the pitch- of the rafter shown in part, to the right, give the depth of the backing for the four different hip rafters, shown in part to the left. The figures just below the foot cut of the rafter to the right, show the same distance on the foot cut, as is shown on the different corners, and numbered correspond- ingly the same. The distance at 1, directly under the foot cut, is the same as the dis- tances 1, 1, shown on the plans to the left; the distance 2, is the same as the distances 2, 2, and 3 is the same as 3, 3. The dis- tance 4 goes to the extreme, and is the same as the distances 4, 4. The angle for this hip is very sharp, such as is rarely found in practice.lt is given here merely to give a definite contrast between it and the other angles. For the corresponding valleys, the.^ backing is the same, but in reverse order. Lightly shaded cross sections are shown on the part of the rafter at 1, 2, 3, and 4.
CUTS FASTER, CLEANER IN HARD OR SOFT WOOD
\
©
EXPANSIVE BIT
Simplified design, no blade slip- page. Chrome vanadium steel I blades, all chrome body. Quick, 'accurate adjustment; self-clear- ing lead screw. GUARANTEED.
|
Model |
Expansion Cap. |
Ret. Price |
|
250 |
1/2"— 1-1/2" |
$1.69 |
|
251 |
7/8"-3" |
1.89 |
See your dealer or wr'ife ROBERT H. CLARK COMPANY
Beverly Hills, California
MANUFACTURERS OF PRECISION CUTTING TOOLS
EARN BIG PROFITS
SHARPENING AND RETOOTHING SAWS
Gain INDEPEND- ENCE and SECU- BITY with a full or part time SAW SHOP BUSINESS OP YOUR OWN Burr's precision saw shop machines help you do t better, faster Job. and re quire less space. less time and leas effort They (jiTe a lifetime of service and have a 1 year Buarantee. WRITE FOR FREE FOLDERS Valuable Book. Send 25c in coin for Burr's Blue Book of Coast Coast saw shop char- ges and other valu-
able
ifor
DIIDD MCA <*A Depf.C-6, 8945 Venice Blvd. DUIfn mrU. VU., Los Angeles 34, Calif
FINER FINISH SANDING AT A NEW LOW PRICE!
14,400
SANDING STROKES
PER MINUTE
EVERY CARPENTER NEEDS
EVERY CARPENTER CAN AFFORD THIS TOOL!
Here for the first time in the building field, is a fast cutting finish sander at a remarkably low price. It's sturdily built to withstand con- tinuous operation, and has a straight-line recip- rocating action— leaves no cross-grain or rotary scratches. Weighs 5 lbs. No bearing-down . . , weight of sander does the work. Only 2 mov- ing parts . . . never needs oiling. Uses 110- 120 V. A. C. Dust-proof, fool-proof, fully guaranteed. Size 3%"x4%"x7". Paper can >j-^>. be changed in seconds. Call your sup- |j|nio«\ plier or write for details.
DREMEL MANUFACTURING CO.
2422 18th Street
Racine, Wisconsin
SUPER 101 BUTT GAGE
SPEEDS DOOR HANGING
Light, precise steel template for locat- ing both 3|" and 4" standard butt hing- es. Hold to door or jamb. Mark with knife blade, scriber or ONLY $1.00 ea. — ^ chisel. Scratch depth with edge of template. Remove chips in normal manner. Chrome finish gage is easy to carry ; simple, fast, accurate to use.
SUPER 99 SQUARE
TWW
GAGE
Light, precision made gages. To be used with carpenter's steel squares. Valuable in laying our nu- merous repeat an- gles as in stair stringers, hip and
ONLY $1.25 pr.
Troll ^^ ^o^i^^^o ^f^ If Dealer Cannot Supply valley rafters, etc. order Direct, Postpaid
CC6, 317 E. 4th Street. Los Angeles 13, Calif.
A. D. McBURNEY
Guarantee: ^J"^ "^irSif X,^ Price
If you are not \> O () >y onlv
satisfied with \>V.y ^^ ^^ "'"'
this tool within 30 Nk vji' S ^OO
days return it and N(v-\»ii'
money will be refunded. N^K^ Prepaid
YOUR MONEY BACK OVER AND
OVER AGAIN IN TIME AND
MATERIAL SAVINGS
when you use a
Corweld Slide Square
with this protractor-bevel-square you can Instant- ly determine and mark all rafter cuts for common, hip, valley or jack rafters. It is as simple as tell- ing time by looking at your watch. Transpose inch- es as commonly used on the steel square, into degrees without any complicated mathematics. The Corweld slide square is a simple fool-proof tool that is a must for every apprentice. Ko jour- neyman can afford to be without one. Sold on an absolute money back guarantee. Over 20,000 sold and first one is yet to be returned. Send your order to
CORWELD SUPPLY COMPANY
p. 0. Box 561, Hyde Park Station, Los Angeles 43, Cal. Free literature available on request.
HOW TO CUT RAFTERS
^
It's new . . . NOW
New vest pocket books gives lengths, side cuts, plumb I cuts, deductions, for all rafters any building from one Inch to forty feet wide. Gives numbers to cut on square. All standard pitches from Ih" to 12 up to 17i 1 and 12 rise. Any one can frame a roof with this great book. Just open book to your pitch page and there in plain print is your lengths cuts and deductions for any pitched roof. Also gives how to figure elevations. How to figure lumber. How to lay out window and door openings. Written by Harry (Dad) Bleam and it's a dandy. Price only $2.00 each.
STRINGER LAYOUTS, -f c^-k^kS^
Its a simplified stair builders manual; Its a lay out book for carpenters that want a simple way to lay out stair car- riages and stringers. Just plain talk with illustrations that a worker can understand. No trigonometry, obtuse angles or other high fluting talk. Not written for a stair builder, but rather for the man who has little time to throw up a stair carriage and trot along with his other work, simple, con- cise, and practical. THE BEST FOB THE MONEY. 72 pages, size 4% i 6% inches. Its a dandy says everyone that has it. Price $2.00. This is another of "Dad Bleam'i Books."
CARPENTRY ESTIMATING If you are an apprentice estimator you will want this man- ual on carpentry estimating by "Dad Bleam." Is just the McCoy for the person starting out to do estimating work. Gives costs in carpenter hours. Gives simple and easy to understand carpentry mathematics. Plenty of charts and a swell value, you will like this one if you want to learn. Price $2.00
STEP BY STEP HOUSE FRAMING DETAILS
Step by step house framing details is another of the "Dad Bleam manuals." It's crammed full of house fram- ing illustrations, from the laying out of the foundation to top of roof. Price $2.00
Write
BUILDERS' TOPICS
1512 Market St. Seattle 7, Wa«h.
NOTICE— ALL THE ABOVE FOUR MANUALS WILL BE SENT TO ANY ADDRESS AT SPECIAL PRICE OF $4.00 YOU SAVE $4.00.
Let us send you this book of
HOME BUILDERS SHORT-CUTS
for FREE five-day trial
More than 800 "practical job pointers" that save time, expense and labor on building jobs.
Now! Carpentry, building construction and building repair jobs are made easier with the practiced methods shown in this big 211 -page book. Every one of these methods has been TESTED in actual use; every one saves time, saves work, saves money.
Contents include: 88 handy ways to use tools; 37 ideas for work benches and attachments; 62 work-saving ways to use portable equipment; 39 suggestions on excavations, foundations and forms; 32 methods for making sills, gird- ers, joists and sub-flooring; 49 hints on exterior and interior wall con- struction; 36 short-cuts roof and bay construction; 19 tips on making cor- nices and porches; 54 ideas for inter- ior wall covering and trim; 27 helps on stair construc- tion; 37 window suggestions; 54 ide- as for installing doors; 29 tips on closets, shelves and built-in equipment; 24 flooring pointers; 35 aids in installing sanitary equipment; 44 short-cuts in lay- ing out work; etc., etc., etc. More than 700 illustrations show you exactly "how-to-do-it." All items indexed so that any particular idea or short-cat you want can be located in- stantiy.
SEND NO MONEY
Examine 5 Days FREE Just fill in and mail cou- pon below to get practi- eal Job Pointers" for 5 DAYS FREE TRIAL. If not fully satisfied, re- turn the book and owe nothing. If you keep it, send only S3. 98 plus few cents postage in full pay- ment. You take no risk. Mail coupon below, now.
,Tnil
That extra length you've always wanted... I 20 inches of occi rate, more useful measuring ease. Jet black markings on wear-resistant, ocicJ-resistant snow white blade. Carlson quoljt throughout with famous I 0-second blade change economy an the new convenient swing-tip. . .a real value at YOUR HARC WARE DEALER. Just be sure it's the White Chief by Cor/«o P.S. And don't forget to get on extra blade as a "spore Blade prodnced under Pat. No. 2089209
Carlson Steel Tape Rules
CARLSON & SULLIVAN, INC.
MONROVIA, CALIFORNIA ^[^^^r»
STAIR GAGES
(Angle Gages)
The handiest little devices you ever had in your tool box. Easily carried in the pocket. Used on square for laxing out angle cuts on rafters, stair stringers, etc. }i" hexagon brass with plated steel screw. Rust proof and wilHast a lifetime. Order todayl \Vt. 4 01. pr. Money bock if not satisfied
$1.00 Postpaid
WELLIVER & SONS P. O. Box 278C Rockford, Illinois
DO YOU KNOW HOW TO
Raise a sagging beam
without using a jack? Bepair a sunken floor
board irithout ripping
out the entire floor? Scribe and fit boards to
an irregular surface ? Replace broken asbestos
shingles ? Repair worn door hinges? Lay a wood floor orer a
concrete base? Fit door casing to a wall
surface out of plumb ? Make sagless garage door? Make a septic tank grease
trap? Put pipe into a partition
already plastered? Apply comer moulding to
wallboard; Quick answers on these and HrXDREDS OF OTHER buldlng problems are at your fingertips in "Practical Job Pointers." Mail coupon below- for your copy today. i
FREE TRIAL COUPON .""^'^
Simmons-Boardman Publishing Corp., (Carp. 6-50)
30 Church St., New York 7, N. Y.
Send me for 5 DAYS FREE TRIAL, -'Practical Job Pointers." I will either return it in 5 days and owe nothing, or send only $3.98 (plus shipping charges) in full payment.
PILOT HOLES in a
hurry with one hand ^^
anda"YANKEE"[
Automatic Push Drill 1
Give yourself an extra hand for holding doors, window stop mould- ing, hardware and other work. A "Yankee" Push Drill bores holes fast, easy, one-handed. Spring in handle brings it back after every stroke and puts a reverse spin in the drill point to clear away chips. Improved chuck prevents drills pulling out. Magazine handle holds 8 drill points, 3^" to H". Built for years of willing work. Your Stanley dealer carries these and other "Yankee" Tools.
Write for "Yankee" Tool Book
"YANKEE" TOOLS NOW PART OF
[STANLEY]
THE TOOL BOX OF THE WORLD
NORTH BROS. MFG. CO.
Philadelphia 33, Pa.
"Yankee No. 41
It's a honey — this easy - handling new American Portable Electric Saw! Balanced for 6ne>han<i operation. Cuts fast in any position . . . for wood, stone, tile, sheet metal, com- positions. Big power G.E. motor develops 2 Vs H.P. Big capacity blade will cut a 2 Vs" plank at 45", or 3" straight cut. Blade speed 5300 R.P.M. Wide base calibrated for ripping. Holds accurate depth of cut and angle adjustment. Write for details and FREE demonstration.
AMERICAN Floor Surfacing Machine Co* 520 So. St. Clair St., Toledo 3, Ohio
LEARN TO ESTIMATE
If you are ambitious to have your own busi- ness and be your own boss the "Tamblyn System" Home Study Course in Estimating will start you on your way.
If you are an experienced carpenter and have had a fair schooling in reading, writing and arithmetic you can master our System in a short period of your spare time. The first lesson begins with excavations and step by step instructs you how to figure the cost of complete buildings just as you would do it in a contractor's office.
By the use of this System of Estimating you avail yourself of the benefits and guidance of the author's 40 years of practical experience reduced to the language you understand. You will never find a more opportune time to establish yourself in business than now.
Study the course for ten days absolutely free. If you decide you don't want to keep it, just return it. Otherwise send us $8.75 and pay the balance of $30.00 at $7.50 per month, making a total of $38.75 for the com- plete course. On request we will send you plans, specifications, estimate sheets, a copy of the Building Labor Calculator, and com- plete instructions. What we say about this course is not important, but what you find it to be after you examine it is the only thing that matters. You be the judge; your deci- sion is final.
Write your name and address clearly and give your age, and trade experience.
TAMBLYN SYSTEM
1115 So. Pearl St., C-42, Denver 10, Colo.
QBIG BUILDING BOOKS
12th Edition for EXAMINATION
SEND NO MONEY
LeaiD to draw plane, estimate, be a live-wire builder, do remodeling, take contracting jobs. These 9 practical, pro- fusely illustrated books cover subjects that will help yoo to get more work and make more money. Masonry, con- crete forms, carpentry, steel square, roof framing, construc- tion, plumbing, heating, painting, decorating and many other subjects. More than 4000 pages— 2750 Illustrations.
UP-TO-DATE
EDITION
These books ara the most up-to- date and complett we have ever pub- lished on theH many subjects. Examination
BETTER JOBS - BETTER PAY
A nationwide building boom Is In full swing and trained men are needed. Big opportunities are always for MEN WHO KNOW HOW. These books sup- ply quick, easily understood training and handy, permanent reference information Ihat helps solve building problems.
Coupon Brings Nine Big Boolcs For
AMERICAN TECHNICAL SOCIETY Publishers since 1898
Dept. GA-36 Drexel at 58th Street, Chicago 37, III. You may ship me the TJp-to-Date edition of your nlnt big books. "Building, Estimating, and Contracting" with- out any obligation to buy. I will pay the delivery chargei only, and If fully satisfied in ten days, I will send you $2.00, and after that only $3.00 a month, until the total price of only $34.80 is paid. I am not oblisated In any way unless I keep the books.
Name .
Address
City Btate
Attach letter stating age, occupation, employer's name and address, and name and address of at least one buslneii man as reference. Men In service, also give home address.
7 REASONS WHY YOU SHOULD ASK FOR "RED END" RULES
B ............. 1 — Solid brass joints, rust-
sluumHil proof, snnooth-working.
2 — Solid brass stril<e plates prevent wear.
3 — Patented locl< joints reduce end play, maintain ac- curacy.
4 — Sections of finest hard- wood, straight grain, tough, flexible.
5 — Most durable enamel fin- ish, snow white or cream.
6 — Graduations on both edges of both sides.
7 — Wide range of markings available. SoeThem — Buy Them At Your Nearest Hardware orTool Store
^(Uf lUFKIN.
THE LUFKIN RULE CO. '. TAPES • RULES SAGINAW, MICHIGAN • NEW YORK CITY <
PRECISION TOOLS BARRIE, ONTARIO
New- Butt Mortise Plane
"Made by a Carpenter for Carpenter's'
• Hang Doors Quicker and Better • Unifonn Depth
$415
Cuts Clean and Even
• Also for Lock Fronts, Striking Plates Etc.
• Easy To Use
SIMPLE TO OPERATE -HERE'S HOW
1. Use Chisel as Shown in Illustration.
2. Set Butt Mortise Plane blade for depth by holding plane bottom side up and placing hinge in front of blade.
8. Push Blade Through Until Flush with Hinge, tighten thumbscrew. (If door has bevel, set hinge a trifle deeper.)
4. Plane out remainder of wood in both directiona by reversing plane. Repeat operation on jamb.
Over all Size 9W-Blade 13/16" Cash with Order, $4.15 Prepaid. If 0. 0. D., postage extra.
WDLBERT DOHMEYER
Rte. 1, Box 155, Crete, Illinois
MACHINE SAW FILING
PAYS UP TO $2 or $3 an bourn With a Foley Saw Filer you can file all hand saws, also band and cross-cut cir- cular saws. It is easy to operate — simple adjustments — no eyestrain. Start AT HOME In basement or garage. Patented jointing principle evens up all irregular teeth and makes an old saw cut just like new.
Send for FREE BOOK
"Independence After 40"
No canvassing necessary — "I ad- vertised in our local paper and got in 93 saws — I only work spare time at present" saya M. L. Thompson. Leo H. Mix, writes: "I made about $900 i n spare time last year." Free Book shows how you can start in spare time at home with small invest- ment. Send coupon today -no salesman wiU call.
NOTICE
The publishers of "The Carpenter" reaerre the right to reject all advertising matter which may be, in their judgment, unfair or objectionable to the membership of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America.
All Contracts for advertising space in "The Car- penter," including those stipulated as non-can- cellable, are only accepted subject to the above reserved rights of the publisheTS.
Index of Advertisers
Carpenters' Tools and Accessories
Page
The American Floor Surfacing
Machine Co., Toledo, Ohio__ 47
Burr Mfg. Co., Los Angeles, Cal. 44
Carlson & Sullivan, Inc., Mon- rovia, Cal. 46
Cedarburg Mfg. Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 4
Robert H. Clark Co., Beverly
Hills, Calif. 44
Corvtreld Supply Co., Los Angeles,
Calif. 45
Wilbert Dohmeyer, Crete, 111 48
Dremel Mfg. Co., Racine, Wis 45
Eliason Tool Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 3rd Cover
Elredne Co., Irvington, N. J 43
E-Z Mark Tools, Los Angeles,
Cal. 4
Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 48
The Lufkin Rule Co., Saginaw,
Mich. 47
A. D. McBurney, Los Angeles,
Calif. 45
North Bros. Mfg. Co., Philadel- phia, Pa. 46
Stanley Tools, New Britain,
Conn. 3rd Cover
Welliver & Sons, Rockford, lll.__ 46
Carpentry Materials
The Upson Co., Lockport, N. Y._ 1
Doors
Overhead Door Corp., Hartford
City, Md. 4th Cover
Technical Courses and Books
American Technical Society,
Chicago, 111. 47
Audel Publishers, New York,
N. Y. 3rd Cover
Builders Topics, Seattle, Wash.- 45
Chicago Technical College, Chi- cago, 111. 3
H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans. 42
Simmons-Boardman Publishing
Corp., New York, N. Y 46
Tamblyn System, Denver, Colo._ 47
KEEP THE MONEY IN THE FAMILY!
PATRONIZE ADVERTISERS
/my
STANLEY NO. 700 WOODWORKER'S VISE
Completely New — Stanley No. 700. Grips work firm and fast. Can be quickly attached to a saw- horse, bench, or handy projection. Extra-strong, made of malleable iron, yet lightweight, easy to carry. New, "L" shaped jaws hold work secure, vertically as well as horizontally. Replaceable, tempered presdwood jaw faces protect work. Jaws open to 33^". Attractive grey enamel finish with red trim, rust-proof steel screw parts nickel- plated. Stanley Tools, New Britain, Connecticut.
THE TOOL BOX OF THE WORLD
[STANLEY]
Reg. U.S. Pat. Off.
HARDWARE « TOOLS ECTRIC TOOLS • STEEL STRAPPING .
Clamps anywhere on bench STEEL for ordinary work.
Clamps on sawhorse or edge of bench for doors, sash, etc.
Measuring tread or riser
ELIASON STAIR GUAGE
. Saves HALF Your Time Building Staircases
\\\ 10 second.s yon get correct length and angle for stair tread.s. risers, clo.s- et shelves, ready to mark board. Each end pivots and locks at any angle. Length adjustable for 20" up. Saves a day or more, increases your profits .$20 to $30 on each .shiircase. Fully guar- anteed.
Only $12.95 cash with order, or C.O.D. phis postage.
EUASON TOOL COMPANY
2121 E. 56th St., Minneapolis 17, Minn.
Marking board for perfect fit
AUDELS Carpenters and Builders Guides
4vois.^6
InsIdeTrade Information
for Carpenters, Builders , Join- ers, Baildins Mechanics and all Woodworliers. These Guides give yoQ the short-cut instruc- tions that you want — including new methods, ideas, solutions, plans, systems and money sav- ing sQggestions. An easy pro- gressive course for the appren- tice and student. A practical daily helper and Quick Refer- ence for the master worker. Carpentera everywhere are us- ing these Guides as a Helping Hand to Easier Work. Better Work and Better Pay. To get this assistance for yourself.
ily fiilhi and _ mail
nply till in and
lil FREE COUPON below.
Inside Trade Information On:
How to use the steel square— How to file and
set saws — ^How to build furniture— How to use
a mitre box — How to use the chalk line — How
to use rules and scales — How to make joints —
Carpenters arithmetic — Solving mensuration
problems — Estimating strength ol timbers —
How to set girders and silis — How to frame
houses and roofs — How to estimate costs — How
to build houses, barns, garages, bungalows, etc.
— How to read and draw plans — Drawing up
specifications — How to excavate — How to use
settings 12, 13 and 17 on the steel square — How
to build hoists and scaffolds — skylights — How
to build stairs — How to put on interior trim — ,
How to hang doors — How to lath — lay floors — How to paint,
AUDEL, Publishers, 49 W. 23rd St., New York 10, N. Y.
Mail Audels Carpenters and Builders Guides, 4 vols., on 7 days' tree trial. If OK I will remit $1 in 7 days and $1 monthly until $6 is paid. —Otherwise I will return them. No obligation unless I am satisfied.
Name-
Occupation-
Employed by-
CAB
■I
SmU oj- (iumtij /
• The trade mark of The "OVERHEAD DOOR," a symbol of quality, appears on every "OVERHEAD DOOR" lock handle. Like all hardware for the door, the handsome, chrome-plated lock handle functions perfectly and gives long lasting service, jts design permits a convenient, firm grip and the door, because of its expertly engineered counterbalancing device, lifts upward and out of the way with only a minimum of effort.
Any "OVERHEAD DOOR" may be manually or electrically operated, whether for residential, commercial, rural or industrial use. Specify this quality door . . . quality cuts costs!
TRACKS AND HARDWARE a/ Sa^g S/ira^ SteU
MIRACLE WEDGE ^ 'JUttiOH 7(/Uc Sales - Installation - ServH
OVERHEAD DOOR CORPORATION • Hartford City, Indiana, U.S.A,
MANUFACTURING DIVISIONS
CORTIANO, NEW YOU CAUAS, TEXAS
fHE
MPENTER
FOUNDED 1881
Official Publication of the UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS of AMERICA
JULY, 1950
^i;\ B|f4%;.
Be sure your Local Union books a showing of these two United Brother- hood films —
THIS IS YOUR BROTHERHOOD
and
CARPENTERS HOME
552Si7v^^2Si^i^i^i3^v^^i^i^
Produced by authorization of the General Executive Board, these two films— in color and sound— show the General Office in action and the Lakeland Home taking care of old time members. There is no charge for the use of these films. They are loaned out by the General Office on a first come, first served basis, to Locals, Councils and Auxiliaries. If you haven't seen these films, urge your Local Union to book a showing as soon as possible. Take it up at the next meeting. Full details may be obtained by dropping a note to:
Maurice A. Hutcheson,
First General Vice-President, Carpenters Bldg., 222 E. Michigan St. Indianapolis 4, Indiana.
2/^)^j££5£^;^5£^:^:^:^;^;^;^;^;s;^;^;^;^;^>e^;^^;^:^xsfi!e£;£^:^sfi^;^;^;5e£^;;£ic;^
ARE YOU MISSING
THESE PROFITABLE UPSON
CEILING JOBS?
i Cracked, Unsightly and Unsafe Ceilings Are Everywhere!
Independent surveys show that two out of ery three homes have one or more rooms ith cracked ceilings in need of repair, our own survey will prove this statement.
Think what that means to you.
It means truly that the carpenter who /eciahzes in re-covering cracked ceilings
never out of a job!
Patching and makeshift ceiling repairs Idom satisfy — seldom last.
Re-covering Cracked Ceilings Rightfully Is YOUR Job
With Upson Kuver-Krak Panels, you ive in your hands — the only means of jplying a permanent ceiling of enduring jauty — right over cracked plaster.
Only you as a carpenter can save the
Amazing Upson Floating Fasteners anchor panels securely from the back. Eliminate visible face nailing. Pro- vide for normal structural movement.
housewife from the ordeal of rg-plastering. Only you can save her from the seeping, floating, gritty white dust that causes needless housecleaning drudgery.
With Upson Kuver-Krak Panels, you can build a ceUing that will be forever crackproof — a ceiling that should last as long as the house itself.
Pleasant Inside Work
You'll enjoy Upson Ceiling jobs — be proud of them too. It's work you can do the year 'round — regardless of weather. Upson Kuver-Krak Panels are clean, hght in weight, easy to handle and easy to apply.
Nearly all lumber dealers carry them in stock. Mouldings, furring strips, Upson No. 2 Fasteners are all you need.
Be sure to insist on 5-ply Kuver-Krak Panels. They are especially designed for re-covering cracked ceilings. Every panel is plainly naarked, "Kuver-Krak." Accept no substitute!
We Can Help You Get Upson Ceiling Jobs
Thousands of inquiries from our national advertising are being referred to lumber dealers constantly. If you would hke to becorae an Upson Ceihng Expert, send the coupon below. We'll put you in touch with the Upson Dealer in your community. Send the coupon now.
THE UPSON COMPANY 437 Upson point, Lockport, New York
Send me Application Instructions and name of my
I would like to become an Upson Ceiling Expert nearest Upson Dealer.
STREET- CITY
THE^C^NTCR
Trade Mark Reg. March, 1913
llllllllllllllll
A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiner of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.
PETER E. TERZICK, Editor
Carpenters' Building, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis 4, Indiana
Established In 1881 Vol. LXX — No. 7
INDIANAPOLIS, JULY, 1950
One Dollar Per Yeai Ten Cents a Copj
— Con tents —
What Featherbedding;
A team of English building tradesmen visits this country to study American building techniques. In its report to the English Government, this team discloses that the American building tradesman produces fully 50% more per day than does his English brother. If this is so, what license do U. S. papers have to rant about "featherbedding" in our con- struction trades? The answer is they have none. The U. S. worker produces 50% more per day than does his counterpart in England simply because he works harder; and English papers are free to admit so.
Shrine With A Label -
8
When workmen recently began tearing down the White House as a preliminary to rebuilding it from basement to garret, a United Brotherhood Union Label was found on the back of an old panel. It was probably one of the first labels ever issued by the United Brotherhood since the last remodeling of the president's residence took place in 1902. This article contains some interesting data on the White House.
Hatchetmen At Work
14
At a hearing regarding a proposed slum clearance program, a Newark city official takes to task the obstructive, delaying tactics generally being followed by the real estate lobbies in their never-ending fight to block all low-cost housing. He points out the pat- tern that exists in ail real estate lobby activities ^vhenever and wherever low-cost hous- ing becomes an issue.
^ The Great Squeeze
17
Throughout the land there is a great deal of propaganda floating around to the effect that Big Business has seen the light and that unions are no longer necessary to protect the welfare of working people. A look at what is happening in the shipping industry where companies are transferring their vessels to foreign flags as a means of beating down wages and working conditions gives the lie to such propaganda very effectively and conclusively.
OTHER DEPARTMENTS
Plane Gossip
Official
Editorials
In Memoriam
The Locker -
Correspondence
To The Ladies
Craft Problems
12 21
24 33 34 35 39 41
Index to Advertisers
46
Entered July 22, 1915, at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., as second class mail matter, under Act of
Congress, Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for
in Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 8, 1918.
CARPENTERS
BUILDERS and APPRENTICES
Set the practical training you need
fM^m^m^^ms for PROIVIOTION,
INCREASED INCOME
Prepare now for more pay, greater success. Hundreds have quickly advanced to foreman, superintendent, inspector, estimator, contrac- tor, with this Chicago Tech training in Build- ing. Your practical experience aids your suc- cess.
Learn how to lay out and run building jobs, read blue prints, estimate building costs, superintend con- struction. Practical training with complete blue print plans and specifications — same as used by superin- tendents and contractors. Over 46 years of experi- ence in training practical builders.
Blue Prints and Trial Lesson
Send today for Trial Lesson: "How to Read Blue Prints," and set of Blue Print Plans — sent to you Free. See for yourself how this Chicago Tech course prepares you to earn more money, gives you the thorough knowl- edge of Building required for the higher-up jobs and higher pay. Don't delay. Mail the coupon today in an envelope or use penny postcard.
MAIL COUPON NOW
HOROUGH TRAINING IN BUILDING
.earn at Home in Your Spare Time
'he successful builder will tell you •hat the way to the top-pay jobs and uccess in Building is to get thorough cnowledge of blue prints, building con- truction and estimating.
n. this Chicago Tech Course, you learn to ead blue prints — the universal language of he builder — and understand specifications — or all types of buildings.
"ou learn building construction details : oundations, walls, roofs, windows and doors, rches, stairs, etc.
ou learn how to lay out work and direct uilding jobs from start to finish. You learn 0 estimate building costs quick- 7 and accurately. Find out :ow you can prepare at home or the higher-paid jobs in tiiilding, or your own success- 'ul contracting business. Get the acts about this income-boosting Chicago Tech training now.
Chicago Technical College
H-122 Tech BIdg., 2000 So. Michigan Ave.
Chicago 16, 111.
Mail me Free Blue Print Plans and Booklet : "How to Read Blue Prints" with information about how I can train at home.
Name Age ....
Address
Occupation
City Zone . .
State
CHICAGO TECHNICAL COLLEGE
TECH BLDG., 2000 SOUTH MICHIGAN AVE., CHICAGO 16, ILL.
THE NEW
4" Quick SANDER
THE NEW 4" COMBINATION
Door&Surface PLANER
FOR ALL PORTABLE ELECTRIC SAWS
$5450
SKILSAW, THOR, BLACK & DECKER, VAN-DORN, MALL, WAPPAT, SPEEDMATIC BRADFORD, STANLEY AND ^L^Y OTHERS.
SAW—PLANER OR SANDER— IN ONE MINUTE.
See Your Dealer - Or Order Direct C. O. D. From
Quick-Sander Sales Co.
263 Prospect Ave., LONG BEACH 3, CAL.
^ HANG THAT DOOR THE PROFESSIONAL WAY!
JIakea a clean-cut, deeply-etched profile on door. Eemove chips. Bepeat operation on jamb. Hang dMr! No adjustments. No fussing. Precision made.
rop-forged. heat-treated steeL Comes in 3", 3i"
:d i" (Std) Eizes.
ONLY $1.75 ea. — -§3.50 a pair (any trro) — §5.25 complete set of three. If dealer can't supply, gend only SI. 00 ■with order and pay postman balance plus post- age C. O. D. In Canada, .2ric higher per order. No C. O. D. State sizes wanted.
USERS PRAISE HIGHLY
"Really a help for the 'old hands' and almost a 'must' for the new boys."
S. H. Glover Cincirmati. Ohio
"The greatest help in
hanging doors I have erer Been."
J. Allen Charles
Mullins. S. C.
Ciraes With Leatherette case
Conceded by carpenters to be almost indispensable, as hundreds of testimonials in file show. C'E-Z Mark" Trade Mark Res. i
E-Z MARK TOOLS, Box 8377 Dept, C, Los .'ingeles 16, Cal,
E-Z MARK TOOLS, Box 8377, Dept. C. Los Angeles 16, Calif.
V
ban
I
Clip and mail handy order form below.
Gentlemen: Please send the following "E-Z" Mark Butt Gauges as checked below:
Check Size
lI one of any size ST. 75
D two of any size S3. 50
n complete set of three any size $5.25
I enclose check or money order Q Send C. O, D Q
Name;
Address: City_
State:
-Zone-
What Featherbedding?
LAST YEAR the British government sent to the United States a seven- teen-man team of building trades workers to study American con- struction methods and techniques with the hope that these experts could bring back to England new ideas for upping production in the Eng- lish building trades. For many weeks this British team toured the United States. It watched American craftsmen plying their trades in many sections and under all varieties of conditions. Then they returned home to make their report.
A few weeks ago that reporit was released, What the report disclospd ought to be of interest to building trades workers on both sides of the oce^n. The whole team unanimously agreed that American construction workers produce fifty per cent more on the
average than do their English bro- thers. American newspapers all but ignored the report. Naturally; be- cause for the past five years the U. S. papers have been raving and ranting about the terrific amount of "feather- bedding" unions have introduced into American industry. Had the report indicated that U.S< workers were less efficient than their British Brothers, most papers would have carried ban- ner headlines on Page One. However, since the report showed the reverse to be true by a very wide margin, the whole thing was ignored.
On the other hand, English news- papers gave the report a substantial amount of publicity. The tremendous productive capacity of the average American building tradesman evoked both admiration and envy from the British press. It was unanimously agreed by the study commission that production in the U. S. construction industry is at least fifty per cent higher than it is in England. Still U. S. papers continue printing tripe about restrictive procedures suppos- edly being foisted on the U. S. con-
struction industry by building trades unions. Hardly a week goes by but what one can read scare stories about bricklayers being limited by union rules to 300 or 400 bricks a day or painters being limited to small brush- es or carpenters being limited to this or that maximum. Repeated denials by international unions have gone for nought. All the practical proof pro- duced by unions have been unavail- ing. The papers still try to sell the impression that featherbedding is widespread and that the low pro- ductivity of union workers, because of featherbedding rules, is the chief reason for today's high building costs. The report of the British commis- sion gives the lie to such propaganda very effectively and conclusively. What the report discloses is that American building tradesmen WORK HARDER than their British cousins. Pretty much the same tools are avail- able to workers in both countries. Building materials are virtually the same. In fact in practically all matters American and British workers face almost identical conditions. Yet Ameri- can workers produce at least fifty per
THE CARPENTER
cent more per day than do their fellow craftsmen in England. If there is featherbedding or union-imposed production hmitations in American industry, how could this be? The answer is that it couldn't be. Feather- bedding is a figment of the imagina- tion of editorial writers who are more interested in getting in a slap at labor than in getting absolute truth into their writings.
Virtually every newspaper in Eng- land gave the building trades com- mission report a big play. While U. S. papers prattle about feather- bedding, British papers stand in awe at the productiveness of American building trades labor. Herewith are reprinted a few comments regarding the commission report which appear- ed in leading British dailies.
DAILY MIRROR
Here are quotations about American build- ing conditions from the report of the British team which saw for itself:
Every member of the team was greatly impressed by the spirit of initiative which is shown in the attitude of all towards tlie work in hand.
Everyone on a job can be set a target which he knows that he can and MUST reach.
Competition is strong. There are more contractors than contracts, more workers than jobs. Wages are four times as high: Output 50 per cent higher.
Having secured a job in a highly com- petitive industry, the American worker is prepared to make a real effort to retain it.
In Britain ten years of short supplies of materials and labour, and the consequential Government controls have taken their toll of the driving force and initiative in many firms.
The discomfort and inefficiency of many British house plans are notorious (due to) the inertia of the average householder, the private builder, the local housing authority, and the responsible Government depart- ments.
About 2,000,000 American building oper- atives have completed 3,500,000 houses since the war, compared with 800,000 in Britain vdth a labour force about half that of the United States.
THE EXPRESS
\^^ouldn't it be wonderful to select a site for your new home today and move into it in August?
Or to see a vast public building like, say the 42-storey home of the United Nations, sprout into completion between April and November in the same year?
They do in tlie United States. This morn- ing, 17 experts from Britain who went to the United States last summer tell how it is done.
This productivity team— headed by Birken- head builder Robert O. Lloyd— has corne back here to "sell America" to its own build- ing friends in Britain. It has taken on a tough job.
This is why: The team has discovered that the difference between builders there and builders here is that Americans are out to earn all they can as quickly as they can.
The 2,000,000 American building work- ers have many advantages over those in Britain.
American Joe has a motor-car to take him to work. Joe as a skilled man, does not have to do too much fetching and carrying himself. His money is too high to waste him on jobs that any labourer can do. His job is to build and produce.
For this he gets from 16s. to 1 lb. an hour, according to his craft and the district in which he works his 40 hours a week. In the. spring, summer, and early autumn 401bs. a weeks is not an unusual wage packet for Joe.
Joe's is the best paid of all the crafts. He often gets twice as much as a motor-car worker. The result is that there is plenty of competition to get into building. In some districts only one in four apprentices gets through.
If Joe is fired there are plenty of eager men to take his job.
But Mr. Lloyd insists that it is not fear of the sack which makes Joe such a speedy technician. It is pride in his job.
"The American worker," say the British experts, "has never acquired the habit of doing less than he is capable of doing. The employer is entitled to his profits. Indeed, the larger the profit a firm makes the more established its reputation, and the more reg- ular the employment it is likely to provide."
This building team warns us in Britain not to be too smug over the idea that wages have to be high in America to meet the cost of living there. American Joe spends less proportionately on necessities than the British building worker (call him Tom).
THE CARPENTER
Contrast these examples of the time Joe and Tom have to work to earn enough to buy:
JOE TOM
Dozen eggs: 17min. 77min.
Raincoat: 5h. 48m. 40h. 34m.
Shoes: 3h. Im. 15h. 13m.
Radio set lOh. 17m. lOlh.
Scotch (if he can get it)
whiskey 2h. llh. 16m.
Cinema seat: 15m. 46m.
How have American builders done since the end of the war? They have built 3,500,000 houses, against 800,000 in Britain
They have twice the manpower but Ameri- can Joe produces half as much again every hour as Tom does.
EASTERN DAILY PRESS, NORWICH
The productivity team from the British Building Industry, which last year visited the United States, says in its report pub- lished today that a large part of the differ- ence between American and British produc- tivity could be accounted for only by the individual attitude towards work.
The American, it is stated, has never acquired the habit of doing less than he is capable of doing, and there is so far little evidence of a worker group-consciousness in American industry. The whole American way of life was a challenge to the indi- vidual to give of his best. Some new in- centive would have to be found for the British worker. The British building indus- try was attempting to supply that incentive by the adoption of schemes of pajonent by results— a method which the American build- ing industry did not favour.
The report states that the British operative must realize that his standard of living was closely hnked to the efficiency of the indus- try, and depended upon his personal con- tribution. The team contends that the heavy subsidisation of building in Britain however necessary it might be, diminishes the in- centive to secure lower costs.
At a Press conference last night, Mr. Robert O. Lloyd, president of the National Federation of Building Trades Employers, and leader of the team said: "I think the Government and the Opposition agree that the time will have to come soon when we shall have to sweep away controls." What had most impressed the team was the ab- sence of control which enabled the American contractor and architect to perfect the pre- planning of work.
MANCHESTER DAILY DISPATCH The "team "made no major discovery which could conceivably revolutionise Brit-
ish building practice in a short time, though there are many points in American con- structional methods which, if adopted, will raise the efficiency of tlie British industry."
These points included fuller pre-planning of jobs by building owners, architects and contractors; better co-ordination of sub-con- tracts; more careful selection and better training and payment of clerks of works; maximum use of mechanical aids; a review of concrete quality control; relaxation of controls over materials, and prices; more energy-giving foods for operatives.
But in the team's opinion more is to be learned, taking a long view, from the gen- eral spirit and outlook of the American in- dustry than from details of organisation and technique.
The main impression which members of the team brought back from their tour was that of the spirit of initiative and co-opera- tion which animates all sections of the American industry.
There is, they report, "a general belief in the need for experiment and progress, and these, with the direct material incentives to self-advancement and the penalties for failure to keep abreast of the times, account for the speed and efficiency of production."
DAILY GRAPHIC
Sixteen building men, back from seeing how the U. S, builds its homes, say to-day: Britain does not work hard enough or fast enough, and there are too many obstacles.
The sixteen include a plumber, plasterer, carpenter, painter and bricklayer, master builders and architects.
Their unanimous verdict is: Britain must get the same will to work and team spirit as the Americans if they want to reach the same speed in output.
They will organize meetings throughout Britain to emphasise that the building work- ers must do all they can to increase output.
They found that U. S. building men did half as much again as British men and said pointedly:
"The American has never acqmred the habit of doing less than he is capable of.
"More is to be learned from the general spirit and outlook of the American than from the details or organisation.
"The team spirit of the man to his work is the most important factor (of six reasons given) why American output is higher."
The report says wages in the industry are four times as high as in Britain. The U. S. worker is prepared to work hard to keep that Hving standard.
Shrine with a Label
LATE IN 1948, the President of the United States was entertaining at the White House. The great and the near great from all parts of| the world were on hand for the gala occasion. As the animated throngi milled about the famous East Room, an ominous creaking cut through the lilt of the music and the buzz of the conversation. Conversation stopped sud-
denly. In horror the hundreds of people looked up to see the massive chanda- liers sway and dance as if an earthquake were in progress. Automatically people moved away from the center of the room and the party continued; but that creaking started an investigation that brought about some startling disclosures.
As engineers swarmed over the historic structure to investigate the source of the creaking, they discovered that the White House was a crumbling, struc-
THE CARPENTER
turally unsound shell underneath the innumerable brave coats of paint and plaster. Timbers that were installed 150 years ago were found to be rid- dled with holes drilled through the years when running water, then gas, then electricity were first installed for the benefit of presidential residents. Mortar and brickwork of ancient vintage were found to be crumbly and falling apart. Haphazard re- modeling down the decades were found to have redistributed the whole bearing load on arches and trusses that were originally de- signed to carry no load at all. In fact the whole structure was found to be an unsound firetrap that even a minor earth tremor might ha\o leveled to the ground.
As soon as the news was released, a great clamor arose. Some people wanted the ancient structure rebuilt from the bottom up but kept intact in appearance. Others wanted the old structure razed and an entirely new one put up in its place. In the end the majority won and Congress appropriated nearly five and a half million dollars to practically rebuild the White House without changing
On the back of the panel the workers found an old Union Label of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America. Since the United Brotherhood Union Label was not adopted until 1900, it is assumed that the Union Label panel was in-
Front view as it looked during 1820
i its appearance to an substantial de-
i gree.
' Nearly a year ago the project got under way. Hundreds of union crafts- men began taking the structure apart brick by brick and board by board.
il During the process an old panel was removed from the famous East Room.
South Front as it looked in March, 1853
stalled during the remodeling process which Congress authorized in 1902. As the accompanying picture shows, the Label bears No. 4569. Although the number is indistinct, it appears to have been issued by "Factory No. 10, Bronx, N. Y."
There is little doubt but that the la- bel on the panel was one of the first ever issued by the United Brother- hood. At the Eleventh General Con- vention held at Scranton, Pa., in September of 1900, a decision was reached that the United Brother- hood should adopt a Union Label to identify products turned out by its members in shops and mills. A committee was appointed to design such a Label. After considerable discussion, the committee adopted a Label of elliptical design. Around the outer portion were the words "United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America" while the inner portion contained the words "Union Made," the words being sepa- rated by the United Brotherhood em- blem.
10
THE CARPENTER
HoAvever. this design did not meet with general appro\"aL It was not very artistic and appeared to be rath- er cumbersome. Members did not hke its appearance. Consequently the de- sign was short-lived. At the Twelfth General Convention a neater and more attractive design, much like the present one, was adopted and ap- proved of by subsequent vote. Ever since, the red, white, blue and gold design we know today has been in use. The Label on the old panel re- mo\"ed from the White House shows how true this is.
The White House is almost as old as the nation itself. President George
It took eight years to complete the building. Hoban was assisted by both \\'ashington and Jefferson in the con- struction work. They both made fre- quent Alsits to the building during its construction. When the British raid- ed Washington on August 24, 1814, they burned the structure, destroy- ing the interior and part of the exter- ior, The work of reconstruction was commenced in the spring of 1815 under the direction of Hoban, and President James Monroe moved in during December. ISIT, It was neces- sar\- to redecorate and refurnish the entire house. The furniture for the public rooms, except the East Pioom,
■z''"^mm,ne^^~-
Washington approved the selection of the site for the President's House— the "^^'hite House— which had been select- ed b\" Major Pierre L'Enfant, a French engineer. The site was on the farm of David Bums, whose land extended southward to the Potomac River. A prize of 8500 was offered for the best design for the building. Several were submitted but that of James Hoban. an architect from Dublin, Ireland, who was then residing in Charleston- South Carolina, won the award. He thus became the first architect of the White House. The design is said to have been based on that of the Duke of Leinster's palace in Dublin.
was imported from France and ar- ri\ed early in the autumn of 1817. The cost of the President's House from the beginning to January' 1. 1S20 was S333.207.04. Repairs in the same period was 8246,490.
The first bath tub in the White House was installed for President Fillmore in 1S50. It was not replaced until President Cle\"eland's Admini- stration. Electricit}" was introduced in the building during the Admin- istration of Benjamin Harrison. The work was completed in July. 1S91.
^^Tth the exception of President Truman's highh- controversial "l)ack porch" addition of several years ago.
THE CARPENTER
11
no significant alternations or changes in the White House have occurred since President Teddy Roosevelt's time. Over the years, the White House has become a national shrine, probably less because it houses the president and more because it typi- fies a way of life in which every cit-
izen has an equal chance to become a resident. It was a "Union Label" shrine in 1902 and will be so for years to come since it is being remodeled by union workmen today, among them many members of the United Brother- hood of Carpenters and Joiners of America.
MANITOBA FLOOD RELIEF FUND
SUi noor. Great West Life BIdg. WINNIPEG, MflNITOBfl Telephone: 93S 421 ■ 2 • 3 - 4
H. W. MANNING. General Chairman M. A. O'HARA, Honorary Treasurer MRS. GARNET COULTER, Hon, Secretary
CECIL LAMONT. Honorary Organizer MORAY SINCLAIR, Public Relations Chai:
MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE- H. W. Manning, Chairman, Hon. J. S. McDiarmid C. E. Graham Mayor W. R. ForreEler. Emerson M. A. O'Hara Mrs. Garnet Coulter Mrs. \V J Shepherd, Exec. Secy
HONORARY CHAIRMEN^
His Honor R. F. McWilliams, Lieut. Governor of Manitoba.
Hon. D. L. Campbell. Premier ol Manitoba
His Worship Garnet Coulter. K.C.. Mayor oi Winnipeg
His Worship Geo. C. MacLean.
Mayor oi St. Boni'ace. Hon. Walter H. McKinney.
U.S. Consul General.
MEMBERS: H. C. Ashdown P. A. Chester S. Hart Green. K.C. Joseph Harris ). P Johnson J. A. MacAulay, K.C. R. S. McCordick William Manson A. W. Moscarella Andrew Murphy W. J. Parker Forbes A. Rankin Mrs. J. A. Richardson H. E. Sellers Victor Sifton Dr. P. H. T. Thorlakson A. H. Watson
HONORARY LEGAL COUNSEL: Col. G. H. Aikins, K.C
NATIONAL CORPORATE DONATIONS COMMITTEE; Roy W. Milner, Chairman
Manitoba corporate donations committee:
A. H. Watson, Cha
TRADES UNION COMMITTEE- Andrew Murphy. Cha
May 26, 1950
Mr. Wm. L. Hutcheson, General President
United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America
222 East Michigan Street
Indianapolis, Ind,
Dear Mr. Hutcheson:
It was a heartwarming occasion when Mr. J. B. Graham with his associates, Messrs. W. A. Welsh, Stephen Rubel and R. H. Robbins visited our Headquarters and presented a cheque for Fifty Thousand Dollars from the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America to our Manitoba Flood Relief Fund. The spirit which prompted it and the generosity of your donation will be an inspiration and of much material assistance to the thousands of flood victims in this Province, the greater number of whom live in this City and whose homes have been ravaged by the flood.
The whole of Canada and thousands in the United States are giving demonstrative evidence of their sympathy and desire to help. Nothing has inspired us more than the manner in which the representatives of the trade unions in Winnipeg have rallied to the need and, shoulder to shoulder, have joined in lending to this appeal the consolidated support of the labour groups.
This gift, which has come to us from the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, is a truly magnanimous donation and the hearts of our people go out to you in grateful thanks,
lours sincerely
^<
f (7HAIRMAN
^
tr&ss I p
FIRST THINGS FIRST
In a crowded Kentucky bus, a lanky- young man sat opposite a cute little chick whose skimpy skirt kept creeping up over her knees. She fought a constant battle with it; as fast as she pulled it down it began creeping upward until her knees were again exposed. After one particularly hard yank, she looked up and met the gaze of her travel- ing companion.
"Don't stretch your calico, sister," drawled the young man. "My weakness is liquor."
And that is about our reaction to all the furore Senator McCarthy is trying to create about Reds in the government. Having com- plete faith in the FBI and the rest of our security agencies, it seems to us that Sen- ator McCarthy and the rest of his sensation seekers could better devote their efforts to working on legislation for eliminating in- adequate old age pensions, slum housing, un- employment and all the other proverty-mak- ing ills which create the misery on which Communism feeds.
"These die-hards are trymg the last reswt to keep one jump ahead of the labor movementr
ANOTHER PAUP POPS UP
Then there is also Joe Paup's brother, Ancel, who called his girl "Baseball" be- cause she wouldn't play without a diamond. * * • A PLEASANT SURPRISE
If you haven't been listening to the AFL news broadcasts Monday through Friday evenings at 10 p. m. E. S. T. you have been missing a golden opportunity to get the real low down on a lot of things. AFL commen- tator Edwards doesn't pull any punches and the news he broadcasts is often considerably! different from the versions the papers give. A friend whom we persuaded to listen re- cently gave us his reactions by telling the following story:
A Texas cowpuncher spending the week-: end in town decided to go to church. Het was very much impressed by the sermon and went up to the minister and said:
"Brother Jones that was a damn good ser- mon."
The preacher taken aback thanked him for the compliment and explained that such language was not to be used in the church.
"Well, that may be true" replied the cow- boy, "but it was a damn good sermon any- way and I was so impressed by it that I put $500 in the collection plate."
The minister exclaimed: "The hell you
^^" * * *
EFFECTS OF WOMAN SUFFRAGE
Ellis Meredith, who once upon a time wrote charming book reviews for Denver newspapers and is now a resident of Wash- ington, was a pioneer in the woman suffrage movement.
Colorado was the first state to decide by constitutional amendment that women should have the right to vote. Some years later Ellis Meredith was at a big national suffrage convention and someone asked:
"Has woman suffrage cured the corruption of politics?" In reply, Ellis told this story:
A man, far gone in delirium tremens, was brought to tlie hospital. The doctor examin- ed him carefully. The man asked, "Can you cure me?" "No," answered the doctor, "but I can reduce the size of the snakes."
"Equal suffrage has not cured the corrup- tion of politics," said Ellis, "but it has dis- tinctly reduced the size of the snakes."
THE CARPENTEK
13
PROMPT RELIEF IS DESIRABLE
Although it is no news to anyone who has needed medical attention in recent years, a sun'ey by a national publication discloses that there is a shortage of doctors in this country. That the situation is getting plenty of attention at the present time is clear to anyone who reads the papers. The medical associations insist that the present system will beat the doctor shortage in a few years, while advocates of government planning are equally insistent that only a national health program can solve the problem. WTiich- ever idea wins, we hope that relief is prompt. On our last visit to the office of a medico, patients filled the waiting room. Some were even standing. Conversation was destdtory and dispirited. Finally there came a long and embarrassed silence, broken only when a weary old man stood up and said:
"Well, I guess I'll go home and die a natural death."
• * • OH, NO?
Entering a room in a Washington hotel, a woman recognized a well-known govern- ment official pacing up and down and asked what he was doing there.
"I am going to deUver a speech," he told her.
"Do you usually get ver>' nervous before addressing a large audience?"
"Nervous?" he replied. "No, I never get nervous."
"In that case," demanded the lady, "what are you doing in the Ladies' Room?"
• • • ROOM FOR GLOOM
No. Incentive?— Bankers and managers of America's big business say there no longer is any incentive for investing capital. Their complaints are echoed shrilly by the David Lawrences, George Sokolskys, Fulton Lew- ises and bombastic scribblers and commen- tators.
The highest profit mark in history has just been reported by General Motors for 1949-$656 milhon. That's after all taxes and expenses, and represents earning of 11.5 per cent on sales.
That is S160 million more than the highest previous record in 1948— an increase of 49 per cent.
Yep, business is really going to the dogs. 'No. incentive, you see.
! It all brings to mind the Scotsman who won a Cadillac at a dra\ving. Despite his great good fortune, Sandy was going around with a gloomy face. Asked why, he repHed: "Tis that other ticket; why I ever bought it, I canna' imagine."
STILL OUT OF TOUCH
Some time ago the President of the United States made a short address. The following comments are typical of the newspapers* reactions to his words:
A Springfield paper— "The President merely showed he is a Simple Simon." . . .A Boston daily— "The President was ludicrous." ... A Permsylvania sheet— "We pass over the silly remarks of the President, for the credit of the nation. We are willing the veil of oblivion should be dropped over them." ... A Chicago paper— "He perverted history, misstated the cause for which Ameri- cans died and with ignorant rudeness insulted the memory of the dead." The President? Abraham Lincoln. His speech? Only the Gettysburg Address. All of which, if it proves anything, proves that the newspapers of eighty years ago were as far out of touch with the common people as they are today.
• • •
JOE SHOULD KNOW
Joe Paup, skidrow Doctor Kinsey, recently bestowed upon the graduating class of 1950 the following immortal ad^"ice:
"Breathing through the nose is very good for the health: In addition to helping build up your lungs it also helps you keep your mouth shut, which w^ill lessen your trips to the doctor considerably over a lifetime."
.4&.-s2SSSs-\53 © 195Q C^/^c StammTz
"Reducing is easy! Just try living <Mi the same ^et your employees can afford!"
14
Hatchetmen At Work
By STEPHAN J. MORAN, Director, Dept. of Public AfiEairs, Newark, N. J. j
Editor's note: When the Housing Authority of the City of Newark recently undertook to clea! out a slam area and replace it with a low-cost housing project, certain real estate interests op-, posed the move on the ground that the site was an industrial site and that its conversion to hous- ing would cripple the city. At the request of the real estate interests a hearing was held. Muc/i testimony, pro and con, was given, but the remarks of Stephan J. Moran, condensed herein, sami marized the situation very neatly. Director Moran pointed up the pattern of obstruction which thi orgainized real estate lobbies are raising wherever low-cost housing is contemplated. His remark might apply to many communities besides Newark for the real estate interests are determined tt oppose all low-cost housing everywhere.
* * •
I am appearing here as an elected public official representing the peoplt of the City of Newark, in my capacity as Director of the Departmen of Public Affairs, which department has been designated by the New ark City Commission as the responsible division of municipal govemmeni in all matters pertaining to housing.
The Housing Act of 1949 was passed by the Congress of the Unitec States and was a bi-partisan piece of legislation calling for the erection oJ 810,000 dwelling units of public housing in the ensuing six-year period.
The State of New Jersey adopted
enabling legislation permitting muni- cipalities to construct public housing dwelling units in accordance with this legislation.
The City of Newark, through its City Commission, adopted coopera- tion agreements with the Housing Authority of the City of Newark, un- der which 3500 dwelling units are being programmed for families of low income. All sites, including the site in question, have been approved by the Central Planning Board of the City of Newark.
At the same time that the mandate of the people expressed at the federal, state and local level, is being carried out here in Newark by the local hous- ing authority, we are confronted with vigorous opposition from a highly or- ganized group, which after success- fully delaying the passage of the hous- ing Act of 1949 for three years, vowed
to carry the fight to each and ever) local community to destroy efforts tc provide decent housing for people with limited means.
There are people who by theii actions, advocate the perpetuation oJ the slums with their over-crowded unsafe and unsanitary conditions, anc constantly aim for the continuance ol an economy of scarcity in housing foi their own selfish gains.
But, we in Newark cannot concert ourselves with the selfish interests ol a handful of such people. Rathei must we recognize that as of today there are over 40,000 sub-standard dwellings in the City of Newark. As of the present date there are on file before this Housing Authority ovei 20,000 applications from people ol limited means who are desperately in need of decent housing for them- selves and their families.
1^
THE CARPENTER
15
Needless to say, with the units now under management of this Au- thority, this problem cannot be solved.
It is for that reason that this Au- thority courageously embarked on a program which would make available a substantial number of units to the low-income citizens of the City of Newark who are desperately in need of them, and I wholeheartedly sup- port their program, and have con- cerned myself, as an individual and as a public official, with many of the facts which, upon presentation to any fair-minded person or group who are seriously interested in Newark as a City and its citizens as human beings and people, could not but enlist their wholehearted support and aid.
A recent survey made by my De- partment covering some 675 families, showed that they were living in 502 homes. The survey was pretty much of a cross-section of the average citi- zen of Newark, and points up the fact that on a general average, Newark today has a percentage of 1 and 3/10 families per dwelling unit.
We have earnestly tried in every direction to provide decent housing, not only in the low-cost housing field, but also by offering encouragement to private enterprise. Private enter- prise, unfortimately, has failed, and is still failing to provide dwelling units for people with limited incomes.
Even in the field of high incomes, the record shows that over the past two years, private enterprise has con- structed only 853 dwelling units in the City of Newark.
The question has been raised here as to the desirability of the use of the North Newark plot of land for low- cost housing, in preference to its being held for industrial development. At the present time this site is being used 4% residental— 17% vacant, and
35% industrial. All of the industrial is not in every-day use.
Another preliminary survey that I had made in my office without a great deal of effort, showed that there is today over 268 acres of vacant land available for industry in the City of Newark, and over 544,000 square feet of floor space formerly used by indus- try, now vacant and available.
But, I do not intend to devote the full time allotted to me today to enter into a defense of this particular site. Because the issue raised here is similar to the issues raised elsewhere by local real estate boards as fronts for the national real estate lobby in a highly organized campaign to sabo- tage low-cost housing programs. This campaign is being promoted not only here in Newark, but throughout the entire nation.
The criticism that they make is destructive in nature, for nowhere does it appear that they have pro- duced homes in urban communities at prices the masses of people can afford to pay. These objections at the local level to sites selected by local Housing Authorities, fall with- in a national pattern, as is evident by similar objections to site selections in Jersey City, New Brunswick, Tren- ton and communities all over the nation.
Selfish interests were recently suc- cessful in sabotaging the low-cost housing program in the City of Chi- cago, Illinois, and I would like to quote from the remarks of Robert R. Taylor, the Housing Authority Chair- man of that city, in referring to this same type of objections to site selec- tions which were raised by the same real estate groups, and the people who for years have been opposed to low-cost public housing.
16
THE CARPENTER
Mr. Taylor stated: "The most strik- ing thing was the confusion and con- tradiction in their arguments. When a slum clearance site was discussed, they testified all public housing should be built on vacant land. When a vacant land site was under discus- sion, they testified all public housing should be in slum areas. Their over- all strategy was based on confusion, misrepresentation and misconception."
Yes, that group is not one con- cerned only with the local program there, but is a powerful national group. The Real Estate Board pays $25,000 a year to a Washington lobby- ist, by the name of Herbert U. Nelson, whose job it is to block any type of public housing beneficial to the low- income groups of people of the nation. And what kind of person is Mr. Nel- son? What does he stand for insofar as not only housing, but our Ameri- can way of life is concerned? Let me quote from an article in the Newark Star Ledger on April 20, 1950, which states that in a letter to the President of the National Association of Real Estate Boards, Mr, Nelson stated: T don't believe in democracy. I think it stinks.'
And further on in the same com- munication Nelson favors depriving women and non-taxpayers of the right to vote.
Recently, in the City of Milwau- kee, this group held a clinic where their representatives from all over the nation took a course in how to sabo-
tage low-cost housing. The course was conducted by Ward Blackall ol Lansing, Michigan, who had beater low-cost housing in Grand Rapids.
They were told the measures tc be taken such as forcing repeal ol state enabling acts— or where that was impossible, to fight the establishmeni or appointment of housing authori- ties—or where housing authorities were already in existence, to fighl requests for preliminary aid for plan- ning—to fight against any and all sites selected— to attempt to get court in- junctions to delay— to institute recal action against public officials whc want low-cost housing— and to em- ploy tactics designed to inflame anc incite hatreds, and in short to dc everything, even to the destruction oi some of our basic rights and freedonu in order to advance their own selfisl; interests.
So, I would like to say to you gen- tlemen that this in my opinion is not a battle over an individual site selec- tion. This is a war of the whole pro- gram of low-cost housing and the needs of the vast majorities of people, as against the wants of a few greedy, selfish individuals.
Their intent is not limited to a single site. It would have been any site or any phase of the program where they felt confusion, misrepre- sentation or any other despicable method might successfully delay oi sabotage our low-cost public housing program.
HOUSTON AUXILIARY CHOOSES CONVENTION DELEGATES
The Editor:
Ladies' Auxiliary No. 6. of Houston, Texas, sends greetings to all Sister Auxiliaries.
Our Auxiliary has just had a special call meeting for the purpose of selecting ouj delegates to the convention. For this important occasion, our drill team has been busy mak ing pretty dresses for the delegates to wear.
A contest, which we have on for attendance, creates quite a bit of interest among thf members. It is comprised of two sides, one called the blue, and the other the gold. Thf race is very close, and the losing side is to sponsor a picnic on our 35th Anniversary which will be the 27th of July.
We would be happy to hear from other Auxiliaries and any new ideas or suggestions would be sincerely appreciated. Fraternally, Mrs. E. L. Rodgers, Recording Secretary
17
THE GREAT SQUEEZE
DURING RECENT years, a great deal of propaganda (and where it comes from, no one knows) has been released concerning the great change of heart which has taken place in American industry. Sure, goes the propaganda, a generation or two ago many big corporations were guilty of exploitation and brow beating and coercion, but all that is now past. They have seen the light. They are now as pure as the driven snow. Maybe the unions had something to do originally with the improvement of wages and working conditions but all that is past. The corporations are now doing things, out of their o^vn generosity. They will take care of their employes because they love them and appreciate them and those employes who feel that they might need a union to look after their interests are silly. That is the way the propaganda goes. .
However, there are just enough sit- employes. However, behind all these
uations existing today wherein em- ployers have free rein because the hands of the unions are tied to give lie to the propaganda. Last month we pointed out the privation and misery that exist in the Southwest because the huge farm corporations are exploiting legal and illegal for- eign labor while native American farm workers buck the bread lines. This month we intend to point up the un- happy situation which faces Ameri- can seamen because many huge ship- ping companies are transferring their vessels to foreign flags as a means of beating down wages and working con- ditions.
This is not to infer that corpora- tions have not improved their hu- manitarian outlook during the last fifty years. Such is not the case. Many of our corporations, both big and small, have come to admit that employe exploitation is neither good for the company nor the country. They have come to admit that satis- fied employes are better producers and cheaper labor than dissatisfied
admissions of a new philosophy has always lurked the power of the un- ion, ever ready and eager to do the job of bringing about economic jus- tice if it is not forthcoming from management. One cannot help won- dering how much of the new employ- er generosity stems from actual big- heartedness and how much stems from the latent pressure which or- ganized labor exerts by its very ex- istence.
Recently a tanker called "Olympic Flame" was launched at Sparrows Point, Maryland. The Olympic Flame was built by American workmen for use by an American oil company. Ordinarily its launching would have passed unnoticed by everyone except those directly concerned with its con- struction and operation. However, the Olympic Flame launching receiv- ed considerable publicity. Why? Be- cause of a number of unusual things. Although put together by the skill of American hands for use of an American oil company, the ship flew a Honduran flag, was owned by a
18
THE CARPENTER
Greek citizen, was documented by a corporation operating out of Pan- ama, and was manned by a German crew, flown from Hamburg. The day she went to sea with her all-German crew, some 1,450 American seamen were unemployed in the City of Bal- timore. Five American seamen were dispatched to jobs that day. These five men signed up for the American wage scale of $226 per month. The German crew on the Olympic Flame would be paid $53.57 a month.
The Olympic Flame case merely t>'pifies a growing evil which is driv- ing American sailors into bread lines or into search for other lines of work. Hundreds of American vessels have been transferred to other flags in re- cent years and more are following suit every day. Honduras, Venezuela and Liberia are nations which have recently acquired sizeable merchant marines through the transfer racket. Even the communist-governed Re- public of San Marino is coming in for a share of this transfer business. However, Panama remains as the first choice of many shipping com- panies desiring to evade the costs that decent wages and working con- ditions entail.
Just exactly how many American ships have hoisted the Panamanian flag on their masts in recent years is impossible to estimate since some 400 heavily veiled dummy corporations operate there. However, the best available estimates indicate that bet- ter than half of the 825 odd Pana- manian ships are actually American owned. Before the war, Panama had somewhere in the neighborhood of 160 ships flying its flag. The 825 ships that carry Panamanian registra- tion today constitute a very sizeable increase in merchant marine strength for a nation which has virtually no harbors, no drydocks, no navy and no seafarers. A handful of ships could
easily handle all the cargo that origi- nates in Panama.
The Reporter, hard-hitting news magazine on current events, in it- June issue, carried a thought-provok- ing article on the flight of the Ameri- can merchant marine to foreign flags Regarding the Panamanian situation the article had this to say:
"The shipowners' arrange- ment with Panama has mu- tual advantages. They pay a registration tax of one dollar a ton and an annual tax of ten cents a ton thereafter, which provide this republic of 74,000 people with a third of its national income. On its side, Panama gives the shipowners a free hand. Un- like American-flag operators, who are required by law to hire American crews, they can comb the world's water- front for cheap crews; avoid the exacting safety inspec- tions required by American statute; and dodge American taxes.
"Under Panamanian "pro- tection," for example, these companies are free to oper- ate "crimp joints" in New York which generally reject all American applicants.
"One firm, the American- Arabian Oil Company (one- third owned by the Texas Company, which is half own- er of a Panamanian company called Overseas Tankship Corporation), hires American chief engineers who are will- ing to accept $250 a month instead of the six-hundred- dollar union wage.
"The other owner of Over- seas Tankship— Standard Oil of California— became fam-
THE CARPENTER
19
ous on the waterfront when it transferred a tanker which was docked in Hoboken and told the master: "Captain, you don't have to move out of your cabin, but from now on your wages are four hun- dred a month instead of $660, and you'll have a Chinese crew."
Shipping is a highly competitive business. Apologists for Big Business might say that shipping companies transferring to foreign flags are merely indulging in sound business prac- tices by making it possible to pick up cheaper crews of foreign origin. After all, they could argue, a dollar an hour in American money affords a German or Dutch or Puerto Bican crew a higher living standard than two dollars an hour would afford an American crew. Did the shipping companies maintain decent working conditions and enforce accepted safe- ty standards on their ships, such argu- ments might have a grain of merit in them. However, such is not the case. The ships operating under for- eign flags are often Hell-holes of rot- ten food, inhuman working condi- tions and sweatshop wages. A study of wage and safety standards on ships flying the Panamanian flag which the International Labor Organization is making has been held up twice to give Panama an opportunity to get its house in better order. This report was finally scheduled for release late last month or early this month. Of the thirty odd Panamanian ships studied by the ILO commission, the report says:
"There are no regulations to give effect to the Safety of Lffe at Sea Convention. There are no regulations con- cerning crew accommoda- tions, manning requirements, hours of work, food on board
ship . . . There are no reme- dies enabling seafarers to re- cover arrears of wages. . . . The crews have no social se- curity . . . and in some cases have difficulty in making good their claims . . . safety (and also) social and labour standards . . . were found to be very low. . ." Another advantage that accrues to shipping companies transferring their ships to foreign flags (at the expense of the United States) is the avoidance of taxes. The Beporter article touched on this phase of the ship transfer prob- lem at some length. Said the article: "The question of taxes was explored at some length by a Senate subcommittee headed by Senator Warren Magnu- son, whose star witness was Millard Gamble, represent- ing Standard Oil of New Jer- sey. Mr. Gamble testified that his company owned twenty- three Panamanian tankers, through its subsidiary, the Panama Transport Company; that this company had a net income of forty-two million dollars in the last ten years; that no tax had been paid on this sum until early in 1949, when a dividend of twenty million dollars was declared by the parent firm. The com- mittee pounced on him:
"Senator Magnuson: 'The policy of the Panama Trans- port Co. . . .is to allow the profits, if any, to accumulate down there, then pay the dividend at. . . the most op- portune business time?'
"Mr. Gamble: 'That is cor- rect.'
"Senator Brewster: T would not be so unkind as to suggest that taxes were con-
20
THE CARPENTER
siderably higher in 1944, '45, and '46 . . . so that probably you made se\-eral million dollars on the deferred div- idend. . . .'
"There is no law setting a time limit on the accumula- tion of such profits abroad, or indeed requiring that they ever come home at all." But there is also another impor- tant fact to the problem of ship trans- fer; that is, national security'. \A'hen tlie last war broke out, the United States found itself witli a badly rid- dled but highly necessary merchant marine. The nation had to undertake a tremendous ship-building program at great speed and considerable sac- rifice and expense. In addition, it had to spend the better part of a quar- ter billion dollars to train new crews to man the 5.000 new ships. Better tlian half of these trained men have been driven off the sea by lack of job opportunities, and nearly half of the ships have been lost to the U. S. merchant marine tlirough trans- fer or sale. Witli the war clouds as ominous as thev are, everv thinking;
citizen must ask himself, where would this nation be in the event of another Pearl Harbor next week or next month?
In spite of all these things, how- e\"er, the transfer of U. S. ships to for- eign registration continues unabated; all because the shipping companies find the\' can squeeze out a few extra profit dollars from backs and muscles of foreign seamen. Corporations may ha\"e changed their attitude toward their employes but the propagand- ists cannot pro\'e it by the shipping companies. The shipping corpora- tions are a group that found a loop- hole for wiggling out from under the necessity of having to deal ^\^th un- ions. They are using the loophole to the maximum, and all the e\ils that the seafaring unions eliminated are coming back. Let the propagand- ists rant and ra\"e about the generosit}' and enlightment of Big Business. The thinking worker knows that for his ov"n welfare and the welfare of his famih', his one hope for something ap- proaching economic justice, rests in membership in a strong and stable union.
H^soUiiiajt
whereas on the morning of May 16, 1950 the Grim Reaper removed from among us a friend and co-worker, ^-Vrtliur Martel, who for more than 39 years served M'iih distinction on the General Executive Board of the United Brodier- hood of Carpenters and Joiners of .\merica, and the splendid record he leaves behind is a monument to a life well spent. We, who were associated with him during the years past will miss him from our meetings, as will his widow, Mrs. Martel, and family from their home; be it dierefore,
RESOLVED, that we here\\ith express to the \\idow and family our deepest sj-mpathy; and
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, diat a page in the minute book of the Gen- eral Executive Board of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America be set aside and diis Resolution placed thereon as a tribute to die mem- or>- of our departed Brother, Ardiur Martel.
That this Resolution be published in "The Carpenter" and a copy forsvarded to Mrs. Martel at Montreal.
NOTE: Approved by General Executive Board May 22, 1950.
Official Information
General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS
of AMERICA
Qbnheal Office : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General President
WM. L. HDTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
FiEST General Vice-President
M. A. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Acting Secretary
ALBERT E. FISCHER
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Second General Vice-President
JOHN R. STEVENSON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Treasurer
S. P. MEADOWS
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Exkcctivb Board
First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, JR. Ill E. 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y.
Fifth District, R. E. ROBERTS 3819 Cuming St., Omaha, Nebr.
Second District, O. WM. BLAIBR 933 E. Magee, Philadelphia 11, Pa.
Sixth District, A. W. MUIR Box 1168, Santa Barbara, Calif.
Third District, HARRY SCHWARZER 1248 Walnut Ave., Cleveland, O.
Seventh District 3560 St. Lawrence, Montreal, Que., Can.
Fourth District, ROLAND ADAMS 712 West Palmetto St., Florence, S. C.
WM. L. HUTCHESON, Chairman ALBERT E. FISCHER, Acting Secretary
All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the Acting Secretary
Notice to Recording Secretaries
The quarterly circular for the months of July, August and September, 1950, containing the quarterly password, has been forwarded to all Local Unions of the United Brotherhood. Recording Secretaries not in receipt of this circular should notify Albert E. Fischer, Carpenters' Building, Indian- apolis, Indiana.
REGULAR MEETING OF THE GENERAL EXECUTIVE BOARD
Carpenters' Building Indianapolis, Indiana
May 22, 1950 Since the previous meeting of the General Executive Board the following trade move- ments were acted upon:
February 28, 1950
Wichita, Kans., L. U. 201.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.87% to $2.00 per hour, effective June 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Portsmouth, N. H., L. U. 921.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.65 to $1.90 (house carpenters) and $1.75 to $2.00 (commercial) per hour, eflEective April 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Kent, Ohio, L. U., 1499.— Movement for an increase in wages from $2.00 to $2.25 per hour, effective May 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Orlando, Fla., L. U. 1765.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to $1.75 per hour, effective March 21, 1950. Official sanction granted.
22 THE CARPENTER
Hinton, W. Va., L. U. 1874.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.62y2 to $1.87y2 per hour, effective April 15, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Centralia, Mo., L. U. 2099.— Movement for an increase in visages from $1.75 to $2.50 per hour, effective February 28, 1950. Official sanction granted.
March 10, 1950
Oil City, Pa., L. U. 830.-Movement for an increase in wages from $1.85 to $2.00 per hour, effective June 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Ludington, Mich., L. U. 1547.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective April 10, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Trail, B. C, Canada, L. U. 2474.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.40 to $1.55 per hour, effective March 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Lowell D. C, Lowell, Mass.,— Movement for an increase in wages from $2.15 to $2.30 per hour, effective April 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
March 14, 1950 Odessa, Tex., L. U. 2206.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.87y2 to $2.00 per hour, effective May 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
March 15, 1950
Hudson, Mass., L. U. 400.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to $1.75 per hour, effective April 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Lynn, Mass., L. U. 595.— Movement for an increase in wages from $2.05 to $2.25 per hour, effective May 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Jacksonville, 111., L. U. 904.— Movement for an increase in wages from $2.12y2 to $2.25 per hour, effective March 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Owensboro, Ky., L. U. 1341.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.80 to $2.00 (commercial) and $2.05 (housework) per hour, effective June 15, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Huron, S. D., L. U. 1713.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to $1.75 per hom:, effective May 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Plymouth, Ind., L. U. 1816.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective May 15, 1950. Official sanction granted.
March 21, 1950 Dubuque, la., L. U. 678.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.95 to $2.00
per hour, effective April 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Batavia, N. Y., L. U. 1151.— Movement for an increase in wages from $2.21 to $2.30
per hour, effective April 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Campbell River, B. C, Canada, L. U. 1882.— Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.60 to $1.75 per hour, effective April 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
•■ March 31, 1950
Waterville, Me., L. U. 348.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to $1.75 per hour, effective May 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Greeley, Colo., L. U. 418.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective May 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Nanaimo, B. C, Canada, L. U. 527.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.60 to $1.75 per hour, effective April 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Baltimore, Md., L. U. 974. (Millmen)— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.45 to $1.60 per hour, effective May 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, widiout financial aid.
La Salle, 111., L. U. 1197. (Millmen)— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25 to $1.35 per hour, effective May 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Deer Lodge, Mont., L. U. 1229.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective May 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Prince Rupert, B. C, Canada, L. U. 1735.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.60 to $1.75 per hour, effective April 2, 1950. Official sanction granted, vdthout finan- cial aid.
Calgary, Alta., Canada, L. U. 1779.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.40 to $1.50 per hour, effective April 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Saskatoon, Sask., Canada, L. U. 1805.— Movement for an increase in vi'ages from $1.39 to $1.50 per hour, effective April 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, witliout financial aid.
THE CARPENTER 23
Grand Forks, N. D., L. U. 2028.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.77% to $1.85 per hour, effective May 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Ottumwa, la., L. U. 2300.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.27 to $1.52 per hour, effective May 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Herrin, 111., L. U. 581.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective April 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Dubuque, la., L. U. 937. (Millmen)— Movement for an increase in wages from $.94 to $1.15 per hour, effective May 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
De Kalb, 111., L. U. 965.— Movement for an increase in wages from $2.00 to $2.25 per hour, effective June 1, 1950. OfRcial sanction granted, without financial aid.
Lewistown, Mont., L. U. 1949.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective May 15, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Atchison, Kans., L. U. 1980.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective July 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
April 14, 1950
Berlin, N. H., L. U. 2276.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 (carpenters) and $2.00 to $2.25 (millwrights) per hour, effective June 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
April 17, 1950
Port Alberni, B. C, Canada, L. U. 513.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.60 to $1.75 per hour, effective April 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, without finan- cial aid.
Orange, Mass., L. U. 1059.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.67 to $1.75 per hour, effective May 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Northampton, Mass., L. U. 1372.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $1.87% per hour, effective April 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Ashtabula, Ohio, L. U. 1629.— Movement for an increase in wages from $2.25 to $2.60 per hour, effective July 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Buffalo, D. C, Buffalo, N. Y.— Movement for an increase in wages from $2.25 to $2.50 per hour, effective May 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
April 18, 1950
Prairie du Chien, Wis., L. U. 394.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to $1.75 per hour, effective June 20, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Manchester, N. H., L. U. 625.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.80 to $2.05 per hour, effective May 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Muscatine, la., L. U. 717. (Millmen)— Movement for an increase in wages from $.94 to $1.14 per hour, effective May 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Lisbon, Ohio, L. U. 1288.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective June 15, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Winona, Minn., L. U. 307.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective May 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, vdthout financial aid.
Tyler, Tex., L. U. 1104.— Movement for an increase in wages from $2.00 to $2.25 per hour, effective June 18, 1950. OflBcial sanction granted.
April 18, 1950
VandaUa, 111., L. U. 2122.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25 to $1.50 (residential) and $1.50 to $1.87y2 (commercial) per hour, effective June 3, 1950. Official sanction granted.
lola, Kans., L. U. 2449.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to $1.75 per hour, effective May 15, 1950. Official sanction granted.
May 11, 1950
Bastrop, La., L. U. 2032.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 (carpenters) and from $2.00 to $2.25 (millwrights) per hour, effective July 1, 1950. Offi- cial sanction granted, witliout financial aid.
Chnton, la., L. U. 772.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.85 to $2.10 per hour, effective June 20, 1950. Official sanction granted.
May 15, 1950
Plainfield, N. J., L. U. 155 (Millmen).— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.80 to $2.00 per hour, effective June 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
(Continued on page 28)
Editorial
Not Exactly Amateurs
Today the wheels of industry are turning at the highest peacetime rate in history. More people are employed, more goods are being turned out, more profits are accruing to corporations than in any comparable peacetime period in the world's history. Still many calamity howlers are insisting that the nation has gone to the dogs. Some financial writers and reactionary columnists are working themselves into a lather over the "terrible" state of things. "Welfare State," "Socialism," and "Statism" are bugaboos they belabor day in and day out in their writings. These are the things, they claim, which are destined to drive us into the doghouse permanently. Oncjy and all, they peddle the same brand of economic hash.
There is a simple exception, however. He is Frank R. Kent, writer for the Washington Star. Kent believes the nation is going to the dogs, too, but for another reason. According to Kent, the trouble with the nation is that there is too much democracy. Too many people are voting and that is a dangerous thing. In a recent column he wrote:
"An incontestable fact about politics in this country . . .is that lying and hypocrisy steadily increase as the voting population grows. The larger the vote, the more fruitful the field for the demagogues and fakirs.
"Beyond dispute, this is the basic reason for the cheapening of our public service during the last two decades in which the vote in presidential elections has gone from 38 million in 1932 to 49 million in 1948. The estimate for 1952 is approximately 55 million."
Kent sings a song that is popular in many Big Business circles. Alarmed b; the moderate success organized labor has achieved at the ballot box, manj business associations and financial journals are urging businessmen to get intc politics up to their ears. To hear them cry, one would never think that ii recent years they managed to get the union-shackling Taft-Hartley Law ot the books, a soak the poor tax measure enacted, decent housing for middk income groups killed, and a host of other progressive legislation buried committee.
It is not often that we can quote one daily paper to refute another. How ever, the Toledo Blade ran an editorial regarding the so-called "menace" of the labor vote that would be hard to equal. Therefore, we are answering Kent by merely reprinting the "Blade" editorial:
"There is a kind of guileless innocence about the exhortation of the United States Chamber of Commerce to the businessmen of America to 'get into politics themselves down to the grass roots' un- less they are ready to abandon the field to labors active and vocal workers in the voting vineyards.
i
THE CARPENTER 25
"In tracing the growth of labor as a political force hy way of emphasizing its warning, the Chamber goes all the way back to formation of the Working Men's Party of 1828 and brings the move- ment up through the A. F. of L. League for Political Education and the C. I. O. Political Action Committee.
"It might have stopped somewhere along the way, however, to learn that businessmen have been in politics— down to the grass roots' and then some— for many more years than labor and to much more obvious effect.
"It would have found an interesting way station, surely, in the era of the late 19th and early 20th centuries when senators and rep- resentatives in Congress were barefaced servants of the business interests to whom they acknowledged their election. It might have studied those days of 'coal senators,' and 'steel senators,' and 'copper senators'— days when business interests ruled the political roost al- most by default.
"For that matter, the Chamber of Commerce must be aware that railroads, utilities companies, and most other business concerns are far from inactive in politics today.
"It must know that their contributions— pecuniary and otherwise- continue to play an important part in the political arts in this country.
"It can't be ignorant of the fact that the National Association of Manufacturers, the Small Business Men's Association, and even the United States Chamber of Commerce play an active and important role in politics— both before and after elections.
"In blissfully ignoring these realities, the Chamber may only have been looking back nostalgically to those days of which it speaks— the days of 1828 and more than a hundred years thereafter— when the political field was left almost unchallenged to the maneuverings of business interests. But surely this is not in accord with the chamber's basic belief in the merits of competition in all things.
"The rise of labor as a political force within the last 20 years is indeed a remarkable phenomenon and, on the whole, a very healthy one.
"The Chamber of Commerce may be well advised in apprising businessmen of the magnitude of this new force. But such old hands at the game can hardly be represented as embattled amateurs rising to the threat of labors domination of politics."
Sauce For The Gander
Recently the House Committee on Lobbying activities undertook its task of investigating the affairs of some of the major lobbies now operating in Washington. Among the first lobbying organization to come under the scrutiny of the investigating committee last month was the Committee for Consti- tutional Government, notorious anti-labor and anti-progressive organization which seems to have unlimited funds for fighting all pro-labor legislation and any other legislation that is in the least progressive. However, the com- mittee did not get very far with its investigation of CCG. Last month
26 THE CARPENTER
Edward A. Rumely, executi\"e secretan.' of the Committee for Constitutional
Government, flatly refused to provide the investigating committee with an accounting of contributions and expenses handled by CCG and its newest front organization, Fighters For Freedom. As this was being written, the in- vestigating committee was pondering the ad\'isability of citing Rumely for contempt.
The committee is also interested in finding out who pays the bills for the National Economic Council and the Constitutional Educational League.
These reactionary, anti-labor organizations have refused to show finan- cial records to committee investigators.
Joseph P. Kamp, executive director of the Constitutional Education League, also appeared witliout his records. He said he didn't have time to get them ready.
Merwin K. Hart reluctantly handed o\'er a list of contributors to his National Economic Council but demanded that it be kept secret because "enemies of American libert}'" want to smear them.
The House Committee has been studying lobby activities for more than six months. These three organizations are the first the committee has in- vestigated which have hidden their records.
.Aay organization can lobby. But the people have a right to know who supports any lobby.
If, say, U. S. Steel or General Motors puts up money for a certain group, the people should know that just as they know that eight milHon trade unionists support AFL Lobbying activities.
The CCG was established in the 1930's by Frank Gaimett, a New York chain newspaper publisher. Gannett and his CCG buddies are "back-to- McKinley" boys.
Edward A. Rumely, in the lobbying committee's words, is the "guiding genius' of CCG. He has been executive secretary of the group since it started.
-After World War I Rumely was found guilty of concealing a personal indebtedness of $1 milHon to the German Government of Kaiser Wilhelm. Rumely used the money to convert a New York newspaper into a German propaganda publication. He was sentenced to prison for covering up the debt, and only a presidential pardon kept him from ser\^ing time.
Twice before, in 1938 and 1944, Rumely withheld information about the CCG from Congressional committees. He was cited for contempt of Con- gress in 1944.
The CCG is one of the wealthiest lobbies in the nation. From August, 1946, through September, 1949, it has reported to Congress spending more than SI. 5 milHon for lobbying. That's a rate of 830,000 a month.
In 1949 only the American Medical Association (AMA) spent more for lobbying than CCG. The figures are: AMA, $1.5 million CCG, $621,000.
Throughout its existence the CCG has operated behind many fronts. Its current one is Fighters for Freedom (FEE). Money-raisers for FEE go into cities, buy full-page advertisements in newspapers and then hit business- men for contributions.
THE CARPENTER 27
Now that the government is delving into the affairs of the Committee for Constitutional Government and its front organization, Fighters for Free- dom, both organizations are screaming and ranting about the "unconsti- tutionality" of a Congressional committee demanding an accounting of their affairs. Yet both of these organizations backed the Taft-Hartley Law to the hilt and still continue to do so despite the fact the law requires political committees within the labor movement to periodically report all contribu- tions received and all monies expended in amounts over $10. This shows how interested these organizations really are in upholding the constitution The very foundation stone of the constitution revolves around equal treat- ment for all. However, this seems to be the last thing CCG wants. As far as CCG is concerned, requiring labor unions to account for their political activities down to the last penny is okay; but when it comes to giving the same treatment to mysteriously financed mouthpieces for Big Business they strenuously object.
As this was being written, the House Committee was pondering con- tempt action against Rumely. If he continues to defy the committee in its efforts to find out who is providing the millions his organizations throw around in lobbying activities, he should be fined or sent to jail just the same as any union official would be if he failed to report a $10 political expenditure to the Clerk of the House of Representatives as provided for in the Taft- Hartley Law.
What is sauce for the goose ought to be sauce for the gander.
Then They Will Have A Right To Talk
As this issue was going to press, committees from the House and Senate were scheduled to get together for the purpose of compromising differences in the House and Senate versions of the new Social Security bill. Out of these deliberations will come a measure designed to give retiring workers something a good deal closer to an adequate old age pension than the present law pro- vides for.
Better Social Security payments did not come easily. A host of Congress- men and other public officials opposed liberalization of the present law. Many of them are opposed to the whole Social Security program. They visualize it as part of a "welfare state." However, the strange part of it all is that they have their own hands out for all they can get. Only a few years ago members of Congress voted themselves a fine pension program and they did not place an $85 maximum on it either.
When these public officials who bleat so loudly about the "welfare state" turn down their own pensions and other special privileges because they are "socialistic" and "demoralizing," they will have some right to oppose Social Security. But so long as they keep their own palms extended for all they can get, it little behooves them to talk of the socialistic aspects of Social Security pensions, particularly when Social Security pensions are paid for by contribu- tions instead of coming out of general taxes as many pensions to public officials do.
28 THE CARPENTER
(Continued from page 23 J
Binghampton. X. Y.. L. U. 281.— Movement for an increase in wages from S2.10 to $2.25 per hour, effective May 15, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Delaware. Ohio. L. U. 1287.— Movement for an increase in wages from SI. 75 to $2.17 per hoxir, effective May 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Middletown. Ohio. L. U. 1477.— Movement for an increase in wages from S2.10 to $2.20 per hour, effective June 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Norfolk, Neb., L. U. 2364. —Movement for an increase in wages from SI. 50 to SI. 75 per houa:, effective May 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
May 16, 1950
Canipbellton, N. B., Canada,. L. U. 2539. (Millmen)— Movement for an increase in wages from S.65 to S.75 per hour, effective June 7. 1950. Official sanction granted, \\4th- out financial aid.
Carpenters' Building Indianapolis, Indiana May 22, 1950
Regular meeting of the General Executive Board was held at tlie General Office, Indianapolis, Indiana, on the above date.
The General President reported that Arthur Martel, Board Member of the Seventh District, died on May 16, 1950. after which the following Resolution was unanimously adopted:
Whereas on the morning of May 16, 1950 the Grim Pieaper removed from among us a friend and co-worker, .\rthur Martel, who for more than 39 years ser\-ed ynXh. distinction on the General E.xecutive Board of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, and the splendid record he leaves behind is a monument to a life well spent. We, who were associated \^"ith him during the years past will miss him from our meetings, as wiH. his widow, Mrs. Martel, and family from their home: be it therefore.
Resolved, that we here\^"ith express to the widow and family our deepest s>'mpathy: and
Be It Further Resolved, that a page in the minute book of the General E.xecutive Board of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America be set aside and this Resolution placed thereon as a tribute to the memory of our departed Brother, Arthur Martel,
That this Resolution be published in "The Carpenter" and a copy for- warded to Mrs. Martel at Montreal.
The General President reported fully on matters affecting our Organization since the lasf meeting of the Board. The subject matters as reported were carefully considered.
Renewal of Bond of General Treasmrer S. P. Meadows in the suni of S50,000.00 for one year expiring Februar>' 1, 1951 through the United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company of Baltimore, Mar>'land, was referred to our Legal Department.
Renewal of Bond on .\ssistant Superintendent of Carpenters' Home, Lakeland, Flor- ida, in the sxmi of S20,000.00 tfirough the L'nited States Fidehty and Guaranty Company of Baltimore, Marjdand, for one year ending March 10, 1951. was referred to our Legal Departn:ient.
Renewal of the plate glass insurance at 222 East Michigan Street for one year ending March 28, 1951 vs-ith the United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company of Baltimore, Mar\-land; was referred to our Legal Department.
Renewal of Bond on Chief Clerk C. A. Meloy in the Sum of SIO/JOO.OO through the Capitol Indemnity Insm-ance Company of IndianapoHs, Indiana, for one year ending April 1. 1951, was referred to our Legal Department.
May 23, 1950
The General President informed the General Executive Board of the communications received from om: several Local Unions in the vicinity of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, appealing for financial assistance to meet an immediate, serious situation created as the result of the flood waters recently in that area. Our members in the flooded area are desperate and in need of immediate financial assistance. Many are homeless and the entire cit>- is practically evacuated— and heavy losses have been sustained by our members.
THE CARPENTER 29
In connection with the above urgent appeal, the General Executive Board appropriated tlie sum of $50,000.00 to help alleviate the suffering and hardship in that area.
Likewise the attention of tlie General Executive Board was called to the earnest request for financial assistance in Rimouski and Cabano in tlie Province of Quebec, Canada, due to the disastrous fire recently in that area.
The devastation was severe— leaving homeless thousands of families, and directly effecting the lumber industry in this vicinity.
After due consideration the General Executive Board decided to contribute the sum of $20,000.00 for relief in this area— to be proportioned according to need.
A communication from Oliver Lance, a member of Local Union 1780, Las Vegas, Nevada, setting forth his desire to appeal to the next General Convention from a decision rendered by the General President, May 16, 1947 and sustained by the General Executive Board October 16, 1947, in tlie case of Oliver Lance versus Local Union 1780, Las Vegas, Nevada, was read, after which it was unanimously decided that the statute of hmitations prevails and so applies in this case.
Appeal of Robert Bitcon, a member of Local Union 180, Vallejo, California, from the decision of the General President in the case of Robert Bitcon versus Local Union 180, Vallejo, California, was considered, after which the decision of the General President was unanimously sustained on the grounds set forth therein, and the appeal dismissed.
Appeal of Archie L. Gillett, a member of Local Union 721, Los Angeles, California, from the decision of the General President in the case of Archie L. Gillett versus Los Angeles District Council, was considered, after which the decision of the General Presi- dent was unanimously sustained on tlie grounds set forth therein and the appeal dismissed.
Appeal of Virgil Cole from the decision of the General President in the case of Virgil Cole versus Sierra Nevada Foothills District Council, Grass Valley, California, was considered, after which the decision of the General President was unanimously sustained on tlie grounds set forth therein, and the appeal dismissed.
The annual report of the Secretary was submitted to the Board which was filed for future reference.
May 24, 1950
Bay Counties, D. C, San Francisco, Calif.,— Movement for an increase in wages from $2.22V2 to $2.50 per hour, efFective April 11, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Derby, Conn., L. U. 127.— Movement for an increase in wages from $2.10 to $2.35 per hour, effective May 24, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Cambridge, Ohio, L. U. 245.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective July 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Vincennes, Ind., L. U. 274.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective July 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Leavenwortli, Kans., L. U. 499.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective August 18, 1950. Official sanction granted.
The General President called to tlie attention of the Board, a report he received concerning tlie activities of Labor's League for Political Education, as well as finan- cial report from the Administrative Committee. After some discussion it was decided to make a further contribution in the sum of $20,000.00 for tlie promotion of educational work of Labor's League for Political Education.
Communication from tlie British Columbia Provincial Council of Carpenters recom- mending that an Eighth District be set up comprising several Provinces in Canada was read; fikewise communications from several Local Unions in tlie proposed area where the contemplated Eighdi District is to be established, were discussed and considered, after which it was decided that tlie entire matter be referred to the coming General Convention of our Brotherhood, without recommendation by our General Executive Board.
Request for financial assistance from Local Union 937, Dubuque, Iowa, was referred to the resident General Officers.
May 25, 1950
Appeal of Local Union 168, Kansas City, Kansas, from the decision of the General Treasurer in disapproving the claim for funeral donations of the late James L. Wilson, for the reason he was not in benefit standing at the time of deatli, was considered and the action of the General Treasurer was sustained.
Appeal of Local 1871, Cleveland, Ohio, from tlie decision of the General Treasurer in disapproving the disability donation of Nelson Wood, a member of said Local, was referred back to the General Treasxirer for further consideration.
30 THE CARPENTER
Communication from Local 1804, Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, Canada, in reference to the funeral donation on WiUiam Henderson Lemon, in which the Board at its regular meeting of February 24, 1950 sustained the action of the General Treasurer, said claim was reviewed and the Board reaffirmed its previous action.
Appeal of Local Union 2135, Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, from the decision of the General Treasurer in disapproving the claim for funeral donations of the late Francis G. Hartman, for the reason that he was not in benefit standing at the time of death, was considered and the action of the General Treasiurer was sustained.
Appeal of Local Union 559, Paducah, Kentucky, from the decision of the General Treasurer in disapproving the claim for funeral donations of the late Rommy Hamilton was given consideration, after which it was, upon motion, referred back to the General Treasurer for further consideration.
Jackson, Mich., L. U. 651.— Movement for an increase in wages from $2.00 to $2.25 per hour, effective July 10, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Gloucester, Mass., L. U. 910.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.87% to $2.00 per hour, effective June 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Samia, Ont., Canada, L. U. 1256.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.35 to $1.50 per hour, effective May 31, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Fort Collins, Colo., L. U. 1340.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective July 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
May 26, 1950
Chattanooga, Tenn., L. U. 1475. (Fmniture Workers)— Movement for an increase in wages from $.75 to $1.10 per hour, effective May 4, 1950. Official sanction granted, with- out financial aid.
Logan, W. Va., L. U. 1969.-Movement for an increase in wages from $2.00 to $2.25 per horn-, effective June 1, 1950, Offxial sanction granted, without financial aid.
La Crosse, Wis., L. U. 2001. (Mill and Furniture Workers)— Movement for an increase in wages from $.75 and $1.40 to $.95 and $1.60 per hour, effective May 18, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
RoUa, Mo., L. U. 2298.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.65 to $1.75 (commercial) per hour, effective July 15, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Port Washington, Wis., L. U. 1131. (Fimiiture Workers)— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.18 to $1.40 per homr, effective May 29, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
After some discussion and carefully considering the subject matter of claims for donations of Local 254, Cleveland, Ohio, the Board decided that the General Treasurer pay the said claims, provided their membership has been properly substantiated.
Appeal of Local Union 954, Mt. Vernon, Washington, from the decision of the General Treasurer in disapproving the claim for funeral donations of the late Ernest Gilhs was considered, and upon motion the decision of the General Treasurer was sustained.
In further reference to the appeal of Local Union 956, New York, New York, re- garding the claim of Anthony Tramintano for disability donation, which was held in abeyance for additional information, was brought to the attention of the Board, and after due consideration, a motion prevailed that inasmuch as the member indicated he did not know until September 1949 that he would be permanently disabled that the General Treasiu-er pay the claim. Carried.
Appeal of Local Union 1372, Easthampton, Massachusetts, from the decision of the General Treasurer in disapproving disability claim of Arthur T. Cotnoir, for the reason that the statute of limitations had expired. Alter due consideration a motion prevailed that the decision of the General Treasurer be sustained. Carried.
Appeal of Local Union 1667, Biloxi, Mississippi, from the decision of the General Treasurer in disapproving the claim for funeral donations of the late Eddie Cannette, for the reason that he was not in benefit standing at the time of death, was considered and the action of the General Treasiurer was sustained.
May 27, 1950 The attention of the General Executive Board was called to the various resolutions and letters received from Local Unions, District and State Councils, endorsing the present General Officers as well as the Executive Board Members for continuance in office for the ensuing term— same were noted with interest.
THE CARPENTER 31
Regarding the terms of the temporary accord reached some years ago with respect to the installation of acoustical material, after due consideration and. by unanimous action of the Board, the following letter was sent to the President of the Building and Construction Trades Department of tlie American Federation of Labor.
May 26, 1950 Mr. Richard J. Gray, President, Building and Construction Trades Department, Rm. 500, A. F. of L. Building Washington, D. C. Dear Sir and Brother:
"The General Executive Board of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America now in session at Indianapolis by unanimous action has directed me to notify you that this organization will no longer consider itself bound by the terms of the temporary accord reached among the Bricklayers, Plasterers and Carpenters at the Thirty-third Annual Convention of the Building and Construction Trades Department held in Cincinnati, Ohio, September, 1939.
"The alleged accord purports to resolve the difference between Brick- layers, Plasterers and Carpenters with respect to the installation of acoustical material. In explaining to the delegates at tlie 1939 convention it was definitely stated by Delegate Bates that this was a temporary agreement and that an endeavor would be made to adjust the matter at a later date.
"Under the circumstances, therefore, we hereby notify the Department that what purports to be an accord on this matter, and which is set forth on Page 159 of the printed proceedings of the Thirty-third Annual Convention of the Department will under no circumstances be considered as binding upon us."
Fraternally yours,
WILLIAM L. HUTCHESON
General President
The following Agreement was approved by the General Executive Board, and the committee appointed was instructed to meet with committee representing tlie Wood, Wire and Metal Lathers International Union— to complete the Agreement by signing same.
Agreement entered into by and between the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America and the Wood, Wire and Metal Latliers International Union.
The object of this agreement is to prevent jurisdictional disputes between the parties with respect to the work referred to herein. In an endeavor to accomplish that object, the parties hereto agree as follows:
1. Whenever partitions or walls are erected with light iron furring and metal lath applied, the metal base, beads or guards, attached thereto for the pxirpose of receiving plaster shall be the work of members of the Wood, Wire and Metal Lathers International Union.
2. All other metal trim applied to other types of partitions or walls before or after plastering (except metal corner beads or guards to receive plaster) shall be the work of members of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America.
3. The setting of all metal door bucks, or frames and all metal window frames shall be the work of members of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America.
In witness whereof the parties hereto have hereunto set their hands and seals this day of May, 1950.
United Brotherhood of Carpenters Wood, Wire and Metal Lathers
and Joiners of America International Union By By
32
THE CARPENTER
The General Executive Board went into session as Board of Trustees. A sub-committee of the Board checked the securities of the Brotherhood in the Indiana National Bank of Indianapohs, Indiana and submitted the following report:
TO THE GENERAL EXECUTIVE BOARD:
Your committee appointed to examine the securities in the Indiana National Bank find them all in order as follows:
|
GENERAL FUND |
|||||||
|
$1,000,000.00 |
U. |
s. |
Treasury |
2%s |
1963-68 |
||
|
1.000.000.00 |
U. |
s. |
Treas\u->' |
2%s |
1964-69 |
||
|
500.000.00 |
u. |
s. |
Treasury' |
2%s |
1964-69 |
||
|
50.000.00 |
u. |
s. |
Defense |
2%s |
1953 |
||
|
50.000.00 |
u. |
s. |
Defense |
2%s |
1954 |
||
|
50.000.00 |
u. |
s. |
Defense |
2%s |
1954 |
||
|
100,000.00 |
u. |
s. |
Defense |
2%s |
1957 |
||
|
25,000.00 |
u. |
s. |
Certificate |
iy4s |
1950 |
(Held in N. Y.) Rec. 17578 |
|
|
1.000.000.00 |
u. |
s. |
Treasur>^ |
2^48 |
1959-62 |
||
|
20,000.00 |
u. |
s. |
Defense |
2%s |
(From Project Fund) |
||
|
700,000.00 |
u. |
s. |
Treasury |
lyss |
1951 |
(Held in N. Y.) Rec. 18462 |
|
|
100.000.00 |
Adams Packing Debentures |
due |
1950 |
||||
|
210.000.00 |
Adams Packing Assn |
. Preferred Stock- |
-100.00 Share |
||||
|
107.000.00 |
Canadian Bonds |
3s |
1959 |
||||
|
50.000.00 |
Canadian Bonds |
4s |
1960 |
||||
|
50.000.00 |
Canadian Victor}' |
3s |
1956 |
||||
|
100.000.00 |
Canadian Bonds |
1%S |
1950 |
||||
|
100.000.00 |
Canadian Bonds |
3s |
1958 |
||||
|
100,000.00 |
Canadian Bonds |
3s |
1966 |
||||
|
DEFENSE |
; FUND |
||||||
|
$ 50,000.00 |
U. |
s. |
Defense |
2%s |
1954 |
||
|
105,000.00 |
U. |
s. |
Certificate |
iy4s |
1950 |
(Held in N. Y.) Rec. 17442 |
|
|
50,000.00 |
U. |
s. |
Defense |
2%s |
1953 |
||
|
HOME |
AND PENSION |
FUND |
|||||
|
$ 50.000.00 |
U. |
s. |
Defense |
2%s |
1953 |
||
|
50,000.00 |
u. |
s. |
Defense |
2%s |
1954 |
||
|
50.000.00 |
u. |
s. |
Defense |
2%s |
1954 |
||
|
50.000.00 |
u. |
s. |
Defense |
2%s |
1955 |
||
|
100.000.00 |
u. |
s. |
Defense |
2%s |
1957 |
||
|
500.000.00 |
u. |
s. |
Treasury |
2%s |
1963-68 |
||
|
100.000.00 |
u. |
s. |
Treasury |
2%s |
1964-69 |
||
|
500.000.00 |
u. |
s. |
Treasury |
2%s |
1964-69 |
||
|
140,000.00 |
u. |
s. |
Certificate |
iy4S |
1950 |
(Held in N. Y.) |
|
|
500.000.00 |
u. |
s. |
Certificate |
lyss |
1951 |
(Held in N. Y.) |
|
|
300.000.00 |
u. |
s. |
Certificate |
l^ss |
1950 |
(Held in N. Y.) |
150.000.00 Adams Packing Assn. Stock— 1500 shares common— 100.00 share 250^000.00 Adams Packing Debentures-5 at 50,000.00 each
For the information of the Board, a lot of the securities are held in New York under the super\-ision of the Indiana National Bank.
Respectfully submitted,
/s/ H. Schwarzer /s/ Roland Adams
There being no fiulher business to be acted upon the Board adjourned to meet ?t the call of the Chairman.
Respectfully submitted,
ALBERT E. FISCHER,
Acting Secretary
2(tt m
Not lost to those that love them, Not dead, just gone before;
ttntfrxntn
They still live in our memory. And will forever more
%tBi in ^tntt
Thm Editor hat been requested to publish the names •/ the following Brothers who have passed away.
JOSEPH ARON, L. U. 11, Cleveland, Ohio
J. F. ATKINSON, L. U. 1665, Alexandria, Va.
LEONARD BEAVERS, L. U. 1665, Alexandria, Va.
RUDOLPH BOEDECKER, L. U. 608, New York, N. Y.
GEORGE S. BROWN, L. U. 746, Norwalk, Conn.
J. W. BURCH, L. U. 916, Aurora, 111.
W. E. CAMPBELL, L. U. 1749, Anniston, Ala.
ERNEST CANGIANO, L. U. 51, Boston, Mass.
K. J. CAREY, L. U. 1665, Alexandria, Va.
ALFRED CARLSON, L. U. 67, Boston, Mass.
WILLIAM CARROLL, L. U. 51, Boston, Mass.
BERNARD CASSERLY, L. U. 2131, Pottsville,
Pa. WOLF CHODOS, L. U. 488, New York, N. Y.
CARSTEN CHRISTIANSEN, L. U. 416, Chicago, III.
O. G. COCHRAN, L. U. 213, Houston, Tex.
WILLIAM DANNER, L. U. 461, Highwood, IlL
ROSARIO GALIPEAU, L. U. 801, Woonsocket, R. I.
W. S. GEORGE, L. U. 1339, Morgantown, W. Va.
CHAS. GIBBONS, L. U. 60, Indianapolis, Ind.
ALEXANDER GONCHARKO, L. U. 608, New York, N. Y.
CLARENCE S. GOODRICH, L. U. 665, Amaril- lo, Tex.
ANTON GROSS, L. U. 488, New York, N. Y.
PAUL R. HAHN, L. U. 226, Portland, Ore.
S. A. HATTON, L. U. 226, Portland, Ore.
WILLIAM HELLMAN, L. U. 488, New York, N. Y.
RICHARD R. HILL, L. U. 583, Portland, Ore.
F. E. HOLCOMB, L. U. 1822, Ft. Worth, Tex.
H. G. HOPSON, L. U. 1779, Calgary, Alta., Can.
BYRON L. HOYT, L. U. 871, Battle Creek, Mich.
JOE HUGHES, L. U. 770, Yakima, Wash.
JESSE C. lAMS, L. U. 143, Canton, Ohio
FRED LANGOLD, L. U. 419, Chicago, IlL
CHAS. M. LEE, L. U. 764, Shreveport, La.
PATRICK MC ELLIGOTT, L. U. 608, New York, N. Y.
P. A. MCMILLAN, L. U. 213, Houston, Tex.
CARL K. MAGESKE, L. U. 583, Portland, Ore.
CHARLES MINGOIA, L. U. 366, Bronx, N. Y.
JOHN J. NEVINS, L. U. 366, Bronx, N. Y.
JOHN OSTERHAUG, L. U. 583, Portland, Ore.
NED PRITCHARD, L. U. 1822, Ft. Worth, Tex.
A. L. RANDALL, L. U. 213, Houston, Tex.
CHARLES ROWE, L. U. 746, Norwalk, Conn.
A. J. SCHOLL, L. U. 213, Houston, Tex.
HYMAN SHUSHANSKY, L. U. 94, Providence. R. I.
R. J. SISSON, L. U. 1683, El Dorado, Ark.
JOHN H. STENGEL, L. U. 101, Baltimore, Md.
ED STRANGE, L. U. 2288, Los Angeles, Calif.
JOHN SWEENEY, L. U. 11, Cleveland, O.
FRED SYKES, L. U. 226, Portland, Ore.
ALEXANDER H. TAYLOR, L. U. 67, Boston,
Mass. ,
WESLEY TAYLOR, L. U. 60, Indianapolis, Ind. C. L. TILLER, L. U. 764, Shreveport, La. EDWARD TROPH, L. U. 11, Cleveland, Ohio EMMET TURNER, L. U. 11, Cleveland, Ohio JOSEPH VOLEK, L. U. 11, Cleveland, Ohio ROBERT WADE, L. U. 1665, Alexandria, Va. CHARLES H. WATTERS, L. U. 213, Houston,
Tex. ANDY WESTLAND, L. U. 226, Portland, Ore. JACOB WOLFE, L. U. 94, Providence, R. I. HERBERT YOUNG, L. U. 1367, Chicago, 111. ROBERT YOUNG, L. U. 2163, New York, N. Y.
T HE LOCK E R
We learn from various sources that The Carpenter has many women readers. Sur- prisingly enough, quite a number of them are interested in this page. As a concession to this welcome participation, this issue of The Locker is arranged solely for the amusement of the ladies. The answers will be found on page 38. We should state however, that it is customary to first tackle the problems before looking at the ans\vers.
1. If a pan 7% inches square will hold 16 biscuits how many biscuits will a
pan hold which is 15^/^ inches square?
2. How many times may 17 be subtracted from 289? Do this mentally
3. If a clock is stopped for 60 seconds every 10 minutes how long \\ill it take
the minute hand to get around?
4. The sum of the ages of a brother and sister is 13 years. The sister is 10 years older than the brother. How old is the boy?
5. At a meeting of the Ladies Auxihan.', 12 members attended. Each lady shook hands once with each lady present. How many handshakes were there?
6. There are 100 postage stamps to a sheet. How many tears would be required
to tear them oflF one at a time?
7. A canister set consists of 5 cans labeled Tea, Coffee, Sugar, Flour, and Gelt.
How many different ways may these 5 cans be hned up on a shelf?
8. What article owned by mostly everv' woman will go up a chimney do\%"n or down a chimney down, but will not go up a chimney up or down a chimne>'
up?
9. A recipe calls for 4 pints of water. Ha\'ing available only a 5 pint and a
3 pint container, how can these 4 pints be exactly measured?
10. A. What word is this?— Six before six before. Five times a hundred. This
should mean briUiant. Or somehow you've blundered
B. This article was once ver>' famihar to practically ever}- woman. What is
it?— A diminutive, argentic, truncated cone, convex on its summit and semi- perforated wdth s\inmetrical indentations
11. Here's a nice httle problem. Miiltiply 111, 111, 111 by itself
12. A carpenter's thrifty wife saved S50.00 in 5 months, each month sa^ing S3. 00
more than the previous month. How much was saved the 1st month
2nd month 3rd month 4th month .5th month ?
13. What word is this? La is the middle of it, is the beginning of it. and the end
of it. But there is only one 1 and one a in it
14. Two women went shopping. Between them they spent S.50.00. One spent S11.50 more than the other. How^ much did each spend?
15. If a turkey weighs as much as a 7 lb. chicken plus fi%e-sevenths the turkey's
ojvn weight, and the price is 50 cents a lb., what did it cost?
16. What time is it if one-half plus one-third plus one-fourth of the hour is just
one more than the hour is?
17. What tvvo words are these? 1 ERGR0___2.__CTARI_ -Place the same 3
letters in the same order before and after the given letters of the first word. Similarly place 2 letters before and after CT.ARI. Example: by putting the letters AM before and after ALG you make the word A^L\LGAM.
18. On weekdays it takes the \\ife only 75 minutes to drive into to-^-n. On Sundays when the husband drives it takes an hour and a quarter. Can you explain this?_
19. What per cent of a quarter is 20 per cent of a nickel?
20. Junior's bank was busted open to buy him a birthday present. 32 coins were found consisting of only dimes and quarters. The total was So. 00. How many dimes and how many quarters were in the bank? Dimes Quarters
21. A fruit salad was made for a part\'. Half the fruit were oranges, one seventh were bananas, one quarter peaches and 3 apples were also used. How many of each kind were there? Oranges Bananas Peaches Apples
22. The combined ages of a father, mother and son total 100 years. Four times the father's age is equal to 5 times the mother's age who is 4 times as old as her son. Their ages are? Father Mother Son
23. A fork weighs 4 ozs. A knife weighs as much as a spoon and a fork. A pot weighs as much as a knife and a spoon. 5 spoons weigh as much as a knife and a fork. What are the weights of the spoon knife pot fork ?
24. 6 bills total S63.00. None of them are ones. What are the the 6 bills?
CorrospondoncQ
CARPENTERS
PITTSBURG, KANSAS, JOINS GOLDEN CIRCLE
Away back in 1900 when wages were fifteen cents an hour and the working day con- sisted of ten or more hoiurs, a small but determined group of carpenters in Pittsburg, Kansas, decided it was time to do sometiiing about their miserable conditions. What they
did was to organize a union and and apply for a charter from the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America. On April 26th the successors of that small group which took the initial step in 1900 celebrated the fiftieth an- niversary of the granting of their charter. Through good times and bad, through war and peace Charter No. 561 has been kept active by Pittsburg car- penters. Through the efforts of the union wages have been im- proved to the point where to- day's carpenter earns more in an hour than the old timers did in a day, and hours have been reduced to forty per week.
Especially honored at the golden jubilee celebration was the fine group of old timers who contributed so much to tlie progress of tlie union. Lewis McDanils, only charter mem- ber still living, now resides in Houston, Texas, and was unable to attend. However, a roll call of old time members was responded to as follows: G. C. Gingles, B. O. Gudgeon, initiated in 1900; and George Fisher, now a member of Local 311, Joplin; Sam Chandler, now a member of 943, Tulsa; H. M. Messenger, H. C. Meyers, E. E. Whistler, O. G. Adair, W. S. Shaw, Ollie Patterson and Joe Woodward, all of whom were initiated between 1901 and 1905. The veteran members were roundly applauded.
Special guest of tlie evening included George Rice, president of the Kansas State Coun- cil and Mark Bagby who represented General President William L. Hutcheson and the General Office. Both extended hearty congratulations to Local No. 561 and wished the union many more years of success. Following a short benediction by Rev. Asians, all retired to the banquet room where refreshments, including gold colored ice cream with a big inlaid "50" was served. All who attended departed with keen sense of pride in Local Union No. 561 and the new and old members who kept and are keeping it functioning.
WASHINGTON, PA., CELEBRATES GOLDEN JUBILEE
Local Union No. 541, Washington, Pa., celebrated its fiftieth anniversary March 31st in the dining room of Washington and Jefferson College.
Approximately 200 members, their wives and friends attended.
The master of ceremonies was H. E. Ferrell, who offered the invocation and introduced O. William Blaier, 2nd District Executive Board member, who made tlie principal address.
Other guests were: William J. Kelly, manager of tlie District Council of Carpenters of Pittsburgh and past General Executive Board member; Carl T. Westland, Secretary- Treasinrer of District Council of Carpenters; T. A. Morgan, business agent of Area No. 1 of Carpenters, affiliated with District Council; Ivan W. Larrimer and Mrs. Larrimer, of Pittsburgh. Mr. Larrimer is a business agent of tlie Metropolitian area of Pittsburgh.
36
THE CARPENTER
Mrs. Larrimer represented the Ladies Auxiliary of Carpenters from Pittsburgh. Fol- lowing her address, a successful move was formulated to initiate an auxiliary of members' wives in Local No. 541.
Mayor and Mrs. E. R. Wilson and William H. Russell, President of the Washington Central Labor Union and representatives of local building contractors were also guests.
G. P. Wise, past president \vith 18 years service, presented the following with 50- year pins: J. B. Hallam, F. M. King, W. A. Hess, E. M. Yant, J. N. Wright, O. O. Mc- Quown, Otto Luellen, T. W. Henderson and F. V. Davidson.
Entertainment was provided by a local quartet which rendered several selections. In addition, moving pictures were shown depicting the workings of the General OflBce in Indianapohs and the Home for Aged Members at Lakeland, Fla.
Pictured above at the fiftietJi anniversary celebration of Local Union No. 541, Wash- ington, Pa., are:
Back row, left to right Mrs. Wm. J. Kelly, Miss Gumik, Mrs. T. A. Morgan, T. A. Morgan, E. R. Wilson, Carl T. Westland. Seated at table, left to right, Wm. J. Kelly, Mrs. L W. Larrimer, I. W. Larrimer, Mrs. H. E. Ferrell, H. E. Ferrell, O. Wm. Blaier, Mrs. Blaier, Mrs. Westland, Mrs. E. R. Wilson. Front row. Fifty Year Members in attend- ance, F. M. King, Otto LueUen, O. O. McQuown, T. W. Henderson, J. N. Wright. The Fifty Year Members not in attendance were as foUows: J. B. Hallam, W. A. Hess, E. M. Yant and F. V. Da^'idson. In these nine members of fifty years membership Local 541 may have something of a record since total membership is so small.
Local Union Xo. 541 was chartered April 6, 1900. Its first secretary-treasurer was J. Y. McClain. In 1903, the wage scale was $2.50 for eight hours, while the present rate is $2.50 per hoiir.
The committee in charge of the celebration follows: C. G. Lobingier, H. E. FarreU, Rea T. Spence, Howard DeWitt and Ben Brooks.
The following officers of Local 541 were present: J. B. Polan, president; Howard De- Witt, \ice-president; H. E. FarreU recording secretary; J. W. Martin, financial secretary; WiUiam Sweger, treasurer; Ben J. Brooks, inside Guardian and Henry Gardener, conductor.
The tnistees are: Rea T. Spence, Hairy Morgan and G. P. Wise.
Delegates to the District Council of Carpenters and Sub-district Area 1 are G. P. Wise and C. G. Lobingier.
THE CARPENTER
37
STREATOR LOCAL COMPLETES HALF CENTURY
Recently Local Union No. 495, Streator, 111., joined the select group of local unions which have completed fifty years of continuous existence as a chartered body of the United Brotherhood. The occasion was marked with a splendid chicken and turkey dinner which was held in the Club Grove. Some 120 members, friends and guests were on hand to help make the affair a memorable one.
It was away back at the turn of the century that the car- penters of Streator first obtained their charter from the United Brotherhood. Wages were piti- fully small and working hours and working conditions were hard in those days. However, the Streator Local Union rolled up its sleeves and went to work. Down the years, wages have been increased, hours reduced and working conditions im- proved until today Streator car- penters earn practically as much in an hour as the founders of the union did in a day. Streator being but a medium-sized city, Local Union No. 495 has seen some bad times during the past half century. But the officers and members stuck to the union through thick and thin with the result that tlie organization has weathered all storms.
Present officers of the union are: John Obenhein, president; Robert Logsdon, vice- president; J. R. Pickworth, financial secretary; Floribert Eschbach, recording secretary; Albert Bakalar, treasurer; and Frank Hoffman, business agent.
PENNSYLVANLV MEMBERS HONOR GOMPERS CENTENARY
At the 23rd annual convention of the Pennsylvania State Council of Carpenters, held at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, the State Council set aside a given period for commemorating the 100th birthday anniversary of Samuel Gompers. In conjunction with the Pennsylvania State Council of Carpenters, the Lehigh Valley Carpenters District Council and its affili-
ated Local Unions, on April 21, 1950 at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, also commemorated the 100 anniversary of Samuel Gompers and a class or apprentices, numbering 78, were presented their diplomas as testimony of completing their apprenticeship training.
Acting Secretary Fischer and Board Member Blaier of the Second District, addressed the apprentices, who were also congratulated by Theodore P. O'Keefe, Secretary of the State Council of Carpenters, and John Wilhelm, Business Agent of tlie Lehigh Valley Carpenters District Council.
38
THE CARPENTER
SPRINGFIELD, OHIO UNION DEDICATES FINE NEW BUILDING
Local Union No. 660, Springfield, Ohio, of the United Brotherhood is recognized as one of the oldest building trades organiza- tions in Springfield.
Local 660 dedicated its new building at 240 South Ludlow Avenue on April 6th. Albert E. Fischer, Acting Secretary and Thomas Murray, General Representative of the Brotherhood, were present at the dedica- tion ceremony.
A buffet luncheon was ser\"ed after the dedication. City officials of Springfield and contractors also were on hand to compliment the officers and members on their new headquarters building.
CLIFTON 25th ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION A GREAT SUCCESS
Pictured above are the guests who recently helped Local Union No. 1939, Clifton, New Jersey, celebrate the twenty-fifth anniversary of its founding with a fine banquet and entertainment. Fine food, ample refreshments, interesting speaking and a great deal of good fellowship combined to make the event an outstanding success.
ANSWERS TO "THE LOCKER"
1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10. 11.
64, You didn't say 32, did you?
Once. Then it is no longer 289.
65 minutes. Some people insist it's 66.
1^2 years. The girl is 11^/2.
66. That's what holds up a meeting.
180. It only costs a dollar to prove it.
120. 120 ways to rearrange a kitchen.
An umbrella. Take oiu- word for it.
Here's one way. Fill the 5. Fill the 3
from the 5. 2 pts. remain. Empty
the 3. Pour the 2 pts. into the 3. Fill
the 5. Pour 1 pt. to fill the 3. 4 pts.
remain.
(A). Vivid. (B). A silver thimble.
12345678987654321. Up to 9 and down
again
12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
22. 23. 24.
$4.00, $7.00, $10.00, $13.00, $16.00.
Island. Is that a fair question? $19.25, $30.75. For 3 hats Ukely. $12.25. Cheaper to buy a farm. 12 o'clock. Fractional time. UNDERGROUND, NTICTARLVE. No explanation. Both times are alike. 4 per cent. Not worth the bother. Dimes 20, Quarters 12. Oranges 14, Bananas 4, Peaches 7, Apples 3. 28 fruits, mostly oranges. Must have happened in CaUfomia. Father 50, Mother 40, Son 10 years. Spoon 2, Knife 6, Pot 8, Fork 4 ozs. 1 fifty, 1 five, and 4 twos. Fifty plus five plus eight makes $63.00
POINT PLEASANT AUXILIARY CELEBRATES 1st BIRTHDAY
The Editor:
Hello to all our Sister Auxiliaries from Auxiliary No. 529 of Point Pleasant, West Virginia.
We are now one year old and have about thirty members.
This picture was taken at oiu: first Anniversary party.
We would like to hear from other Sister Auxiliaries and exchange letters and ideas.
Thelma Lester, Recording Secretary.
BELLINGHAM AUXILIARY COMPLETES QUARTER CENTURY
[ The Editor:
Sister
Ladies' Auxiliary No. 198 of Bellingham, Washington, sends greetings to all Auxiliaries.
At Christmas time, we celebrated our 25th Anniversary by having a big anniversary cake and a Christmas party with an exchange of gifts.
Our meetings are held at tlie Labor Temple on tlie second and last Tuesday of each month. After each meeting, refreshments are served and the remainder of the evening is enjoyed by just visiting and getting better acquainted.
Each year, a Thanksgiving dinner is given for members and their families.
In February, we held "Open House" when the history of the Auxiliary was reviewed. It made us newer members look with more respect at the older members who kept the Auxiliary going during hard times.
To raise money, we have rummage sales, bazaars and bake sales. We have also raffled off a quilt and various other articles in tlie past. Silver teas are given which help; also, we have a pup bank to which members donate on birthdays and anniversaries.
Potluck lunches are held at homes of members and are always most enjoyable.
We belong to the State Federation of Labor and send two delegates to the convention I each year.
We have a grand bunch here and anyone that would care to visit us would be most welcome.
Fraternally,
Elinor Weiler, Recording Secretary
r^
Ask any carj»enter who ever worfced fa the West laicl he'll teB you . . . There's nothing like a ynion made
The favorite Carpenter Overall on the Pacific Coast for over 25 years, now being made ovailable throughout the country, Cosfs a little more, b«t worth □ loi morei
I StrwigKold Steve
CARPENTER OVERALL
with Stop-loss pockets
MADE OF FINEST HEAVY WHITE SANFORIZED
Ask your dealer for them. If unavailable, order a pair direct.
High back and wide suspenders
2 large Duck hip pockets and 2 hammer straps
Stop-Loss rule or pliers pocket of Duck
Combinatioi Stop-Loss pencil and safety watcl pocket on dip front bil
5 compartment reinforced Dud swinging nail pocket
NAME
ADDRESS
crry . . . .
STATE .
BROWNSTEIN-LOUiS COMPANY
Makers of Stronghold Work Clothing since 1897 1228 SAN ;rLiAN street, los angeles 15, California
Send me pairs Stronghold Union Made Carpenter
Overalls with Stop-Loss pockets
In sizes 32 to 42 waist. In sizes 44 to 50 waist,
length 30 to 34, each length 30 to 34, each
$4.25 postage paid $4.50 postage paid
Money-back guarantee if not satisfied.
Send your exact size (these are full cut overalls) and a
check n or money order D for immediate delivery.
Waist Length
2 Duck fron pockets
Double knee
Nothing can fa out of Stop-Los pockets. The patente Stop-Loss safety pocke on the bib and side ( leg will prevent loss ( valuable tools and kee )our watch from injur These Stop-Loss pocke and many other proper! placed pockets an straps give you real hel on the job.
(•less than 1% residuol shrinkage. Govt, test.)
Craft ProblQms
Carpentry
By H. H. Siegele Lesson 262 DiflFerence in Lengths of Gable Studding.—
Framing and setting gable studding is a part of roof framing; at any rate, the stud- ding join the roof and the cuts that make the joists are roof framing cuts. The prob- lem of finding the diflFerence in the lengths of the studding involves tlie pitch of the roof. For instance, if the roof has a one- diird pitch or, say, 8 inches rise to the foot run, then the dijBFerence in the lengths of die studding would be 8 inches for every foot of distance in the space. If the studding were spaced 1 foot on center, then the difference would be 8 inches; if they are
Fig. 1 spaced 16 inches, then the difference in the lengths would be 10% inches, or if the gable studding were spaced 2 feet on center, then the difference in tlie lengths of the studding would be twice 8, or 16 inches. How to obtain these differences in the lengths of the studding with tlie square is shown to the left and to the right of Fig. 1. To the left the square is applied to the rafter so as to intersect the bottom edge of the rafter for a 16-inch space, which shows a rise of 10% inches. If the square were pulled back to the position shown in
Fig. 2
part by dotted lines, or as shown for a 12-inch space, then the difference in the lengths of the studding would have to be the same as the rise per foot run, or 8 inches. To the right, the square is shown applied
to the bottom edge of the rafter for a 24- inch space, which shows that the difference in the lengths of the studding would be 16-inches.
Marking Bevel.— Fig. 2 shows, at A, how the bevel for the cuts is marked with a bevel square. At B, by dotted lines, is shown how a double bevel is marked with the square for the center studding. This mark- ing can also be done with a bevel square. At C the square is applied for obtaining the bevel for a common studding, using the figures 12 and 8 on the square, which are the same as those used for framing tlie common rafter. In setting the bevel square, tlie bevel is first marked on a piece
Fig. 3
of timber, and tlien tlie bevel square is set accordingly.
Framing Studding.— Fig. 3 shows details of tlie gable studding in a little larger scale. At A are shown two views of the center studding, an edge view and a side view. This studding is cut ready to be put in place. Before the center studding is set, it is marked and used for a pattern with which the common studding are marked and cut. The difference in the lengtli is shown as
H. H.SIEGELE'S BOOKS
QUICK CONSTRUCTION.— Covers hundreds of Drac- tical building problems, has 256 p. and 686 il. $2.50
BUILDING. — Has 220 p. and 531 il.. covering form building, garages, finishing, stair building, etc. $2.50.
ROOF FRAMING.— 175 p. and 437 il. Roof framing complete. Other problems, including saw filing. $2.50.
CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.— Has 159 p., 426 il., covering concrete work, form building, screeds, rein- forcing, scaffolding, other temporary construction. $2.50
CARPENTRY. — Has 302 p.. 754 il., covering general house carpentry, estimating and other subjects. $2.50.
BUILDING TRADES DICTIONARY.— Hag 380 p., 670 il., and about 7,000 building trade terms. $3.00.
Tou can't go wrong if you buy this whole set.
THE FIRST LEAVES.— Poetry. Only $1.00.
TWIGS OF THOUGHT.— Poetry. Only $1.00.
FREE. — With 3 books, one poetry book free, with 5 books, two, and with 6 books, three. (With less than 3 books, one of the poetry books for only 50 cents.)
Books autographed. Five-day Money-back guaranUe.
Postpaid only when tull amount comes with order. Order U U Cirr^lTI V 222 So. Const. Sf. today. ■■• ■■• 3lt\atl-t Emporia, Kansai QUANTITIES — 12 or more booki 20% otT, f.o.b. Chicago
42
THE CARPENTER
being 16 inches, which means that the spacing is 2 feet from center to center. At B is shown how the length of the first common studding is obtained, while at C is shown how the studding of the pair is marked. How the shortest pair is marked, is shown by dotted Hnes at the center of
Fig. 4
the pair marked C. Study the drawings and compare them with the 2-foot spacing in Fig. 2.
Cutting in Pairs.— Fig. 4 shows to the left a detail giving two apphcations of the square for marking the double bevel for the center studding, as shown in Fig. 2. To the right' in detail, are shown two \'iews of the top cut of the same studding. Fig. 5 gives details of three pairs of gable studding when they are all cut and set in pairs. (The dotted hues to the right show how much longer the center studding is than the long-
er:)
est pair, when the center studding is omitted.) The upper detail shows the pair of studding, back to back, that is shown by dotted lines in Fig. 2, and pointed out with indicators at X. It \vill take three pairs of studding spaced 2 feet on center for this gable. The different lengths are marked on the upper detail at 1, 2, and 3. The bevels of the cuts are shown by dotted lines. The bottom drawing shows the sec-
ond pair back to back. One is cut and the other is marked from it, ready to be cut. The top of the short pair, is indicated by dotted hues to the left of the bottom draw- ing. How to get the bevel for the cuts is sho\vn by the detail to the left, in Fig. 6. Here a square is applied to a timber, using 12 and 8, which are the same as the figures used in framing the common rafters. This bevel is transferred to the bevel square, as sho\\Ti, which is used for marking the bevels for the other studding.
Studding Between Two Pitches.— Fig. 7 shows a half pitch gable roof set over a one- sixth pitch gable roof. This combination is used here for convenience, to show how to figure the difference in the lengths of the gable studding when two pitches, as shown, are involved. The right haK of the drawng is in diagram form. The studding are spaced 2 feet on center. The difference in the lengths of the studding for the half pitch would be 2 feet, but since it is set over a one-sixth pitch, there would have to be deducted from 2 feet, the rise of the one-sixth pitch for 2-foot run, or 8 inches, which would leave the length of the stud-
CUTS FASTER, CLEANER IN HARD OR son WOOD
EXPANSIVE BIT
Simplified design, no blade slip- page. Chrome vanadium steel I blades, all chrome body. Quick, 'accurate adjustment; self-clear- ing lead screw. GUARANTEED.
Model
250
251
Expansion Cap.
1/2"— ■1-1/2"
7/8"— 3"
Ret Price
$1.69
1.89
See your dealer or write ROBERT H. CLARK COMPANY
Beverly Hills, California
MANUFACTURERS OF PRECISION CUTTING TOOLS
CARPENTERS HANDBOOK
consists of Bhort but practical rules for laying out roofs, ceil- ings, hoppers, stairs and archei with tables of board measuie, length of common, hip, valley and jack rafters, square meas- ure, etc. — also, rules for kerf- ing. laying off gambrel roof and explaining the steel square. Money back If not satisfied
$1.0O postpaid
D. A. ROGERS
5344 Clinton Ave. Minneapolis 9, Minn.
THE CARPENTER
43
ding only 16 inches, as shown in figures to the left of the studding line. The next studding would be 4 feet for the half pitch, but would have to be cut 16 inches shorter, leaving it only 32 inches long. The center
, Fig. 6
I studding would be 24 inches shorter than ' for a half pitch, leaving it only 48 inches long. These figures are all shown on the ; diagram to the right, which should be i studied. The square to the left is shown [ applied to a studding, using 12 and 4, to
24'--H
Fig. 7
obtain the bevel for the cut that fits the one-sixth pitch. These figures are the same as would be used in framing a one-sixth pitch roof. To the left, by dotted lines, is shown exactly the same problem, excepting that the one-sixth pitch is above. The diflFerence in the lengths of the studding would be the same as we found in the problem shown by the drawing to the right.
The dotted-line square is shown applied for obtaining tlie bevel for the studding where they join tlie one-half pitch roof, using 12 and 12 on the square. Study this drawing and tliink it through.
Difference in Lengths of Gable Stud- ding.—Fig. 8 shows a one-line drawing, or rather, a diagram, dealing with a still different problem in finding the difference in the lengths of the gable studding. Here we have a gable of a third pitch roof, but the base line on which the studding rest, slopes 2 inches to tlie foot, as shown. The gable is separated from the rest by a dotted line. In this case, working from right to lelt, if the studding were spaced 12 inches on center, the difference in the lengths of the studding would be 8 inches for the pitch of the roof, and 2 inches for the slope of tlie base, or 10 inches How to apply the square for obtaining this, is shown to the upper right. The angles on tlie detail are the same as those on the diagram, as pointed out by the double indicator. If the spacing is 2-feet on center, then tlie difference in
EARN BIG PROFITS
SHARPENING AND RETOPtHING SAWS
Gain INDEPEND- ENCE and SECU- 5» RITY with a full or 1" part time SAW ^,J SHOP BUSINESS OF YOUR OWN Burr's precision saw shop machines help you do 1 better, faster job and r quire less space, less time and less effort They givp a lifetime of service and have a 1 year guarantee WRITE FOR FREE FOIiDERS Valuable Book. Send 25c in coin for Burr's Blue Book of Coast to Coast saw shop char- ges and other valu- able information.
BURR MFG. CO., "^^^nS^
^ You Need an
lEMPlMfor
EMPIRE stands for extreme accuracy wherever good levels are used — and that's why craftsmen by the thousands consider it their first and only level. When you use Model 151. illustrated, you'll know the advantages of inter- changeable vials, accurate adjustments (or pitch work, precision machined edges and easily read marks. Have your dealer show you Model 151 and other EMPIRE Levels, or write for details.
Accuracy
EMPIRE LEVEL MFG. COMPANY
10930 W. Potter Rd., Dept. TC, Milwaukee 13, Wis.
44
THE CARPENTER
the lengths of the studding would be 16 inches for the roof, and 4 inches for the slope, or 20 inches. But when you pass the center studding the roof slopes in the oppo- site direction, which makes a difference in finding the difference in the lengths of the studding. The diagram to the left, shows the studding spaced 16 inches on center. Starting with the center studding, which
is 48 inches, plus 12 inches, or 60 inches long, the next studding would be 10 % inches shorter than 48 inches, for tlie roof, or 37% inches, to which would have to be added the increase for the slope in the base line, or 14% inches. The same process is continued until aU the lengtlis have been found. The problem is rather simple and the student is asked to study the diagram, working it out for both the 16-inch and the 2-foot spacings.
Wants to Know A reader wants to know how to make a louver with a circular casing so that the
wind will not blow in rain, and that other- wise it will not leak.
In the first place space the sloping boards so that the back edge of one board will be as high or higher than the front edge of the board directly above it. The width of these boards wiU. also have something to do with keeping the vidnd from blowing the rain to the inside. In any case, it is suggested that tin flashing be used somewhat on the order
pointed out by the accompanying drawings; The drawing shown to the right gives a cross section of the louver, while the draw-j ing to the left is a face view. Here is shown by dotted lines an octagon frame into which the louver boards are fastened. Then the circular casing is put on, as shown. A cir- cular frame can be used, instead of the octagon frame, but the expense Vidll be much higher. In either case, the tin flashing should be used to carry off rain water thai might blow or leak in. Study tlie drawings
SAVE TIME! SAVE MONEY! with
TRIP-HAMMER
Saw-Set
FOOT TREADLE OPERATED
• LIGHT WEIGHT
• TOOL BOX SIZE
• SETS UP EASILY Postpaid • MOHEY BACK GUARANTEE
Set saws faster. NO CRAMPED HANDS. Every tooth set uniformly. Handles 5 to 12 point hand saws, 3" to 10" circular saws, Two man cross cut saws.
Send Check, Money Order or Postal Note.
ARDEE TOOL CO ^ ° ^°'' ^^864
HHUCC lUUL UU. Rocky River Station, Ohio
You Can't Match The > CAPACITY • QUALITY • PERFORMANCE
73
AT THE PRICE . . .
MODEL $
87 Saw Only $6645 Heavy- Duty
Weighs Only 12 lbs.
For Right or Left Sawing
Makes every cut in home construction. A standout for price, power, performance, quality, convenience, this new light-weight S'A" MallSaw cuts everything from wood to steel. It makes straight cuts from 11/16" to 3 inches; 45 degree bevel cuts to Wa"- Blades are available for dadoing grooving tile, transite, concrete, cutting light gauge tfietals. Choice of right or left blade, 1 15V or 230V AC- DC motor. $66.45 without bevel shoe attach- ment. Other models with 2" to 4'/2" capacities.
32 Factory-Owned Service Stations from Coast to Coast provide quick, dependable repair service. Over 1000 Mall Tools for a million jobs. A Dealer in any town can supply you. 30 years experience manufacturing portable power tools.
MALL TOOL COMPANY
7751 South Chicago Ave. • Chicago 19, ILL.
Outstanding
New (^^^ Value!
Ratchet Brace with solid, unbreakable head and handle of glossy, red 'TENITE"
No. 1950
Tremendous value at surprising low cost. That's what you get in this latest addition to Millers Falls famous brace line. Rugged, good-looking, durable, with
auality features jroughout. See the No. 1950 at %\}% $ il 50 your hardware " ■' yi •'*'
dealer's soon.
10 -inch sweep
MILLERS FALLS TOOLS -
Millers Falls Company
Greenfield, Mass.
THE BEST CRAFTSMEN ALWAYS TAKE PAINE'S
PAINE "Sudden Depth" DRILL BITS
EJECT DUST AUTOMATICALLY
•
REDUCES DRILLING TIME
•
PLACE THE ANCHOR WITHOUT CLEANING HOLE
•
NO INCREASE IN PRICES
Paine "Sudden Depth" Drill Bits with automatic dust ejectors are available in round shank styles !rom W to 1", inclusive. Get these new Irills from your supplier today or write for (iiJl information.
THE PAINE CO.
2967 CARROLl AVE., CHICAGO 12, ill.
Hi BEST CRAFTSMEN ALWAYS TAKE PAINE'S
LUFKIN X-46 FOLDING EXTENSION RULE IS EXTRA RIGID-DURABLE-ACCURATE!
No. X-46 is tlie superior extension rule — ideal for both inside measuring of openings and general purpose measuring. % inch wide sections are of straight grained hardwood in boxwood finish. Other features are:
• Section* Vz inch thick. . .33% stronger.
• Prominent blocic markingi — easy to read.
• Patented Brass Plated spring lock joints.
• Brass strike plates prevent wear.
• 6-in. graduated slide in one end.
See it — Buy if . . .at your nearest Hardware Dealer.
THE lUFKIN RULE CO. SAGINAW, MICHIGAN •
'UFKIN
* TAPES . RULES NEW YORK CITY
PRECISION TOOLS BARRIE, ONTARIO
Full Length Roof Framer
A pocket size book with the EN- TIRE length of Common-Hip-Valley and Jack rafters completely worked out for you. The flattest pitch is Vz inch rise to 12 inch run. Pitches in- crease Vz inch rise each time until the steep pitch of 24" rise to 12" run is reached.
There are 2400 widths of build- ings for each pitch. The smallest width is ^4: inch and they increase Vi," each time until they cover a 50 foot building.
There are 2400 Commons and 2400 Hip, Valley &. Jack lengths for each pitch. 230,400 rafter lengths for 48 pitches.
A hip roof is 48'-9i4" wide. Pitch is IVz" rise to 12" run. You can pick out the length of Commons, Hips and Jacks jp^ Qjjj, MINUTE Let us prove it, or return your money.
Getting the lengths of rafters by the span and the method of setting up the tables is fully pro- tected by the 1917 & 1944 Copyrights.
Price $2.50 Postpaid. If C. O. D. pay $2.85.
Californians Add 8c. Money back privilege.
Canadians use Money Orders.
A. RIECHERS
p. O. Box 405
Palo Alto, Calif.
1st — Measure tread or riser in 10 seconds
ELIASON STAIR GAUGE
Saves HALF Your Time Building Staircases
In 10 seconds you get ioth correct length and angle for stair treads, risers, closet shelves, ready to mark board. Each end pivots and locks at any angle. Length adjustable from 20" up. Saves a day or more, increases your profits $20 to $30 on each staircase. Fully guaranteed. Circular on request.
Only $12.95 cash with order, or C.O.D. plus postage.
ELIASON TOOL 00. Minneapolis 17, Minn. Dealers and Agents Write Us
2nd — Mark board with gauge for perfect fit
Soeed Up SANDING!
MANY USES
from roughing to final finish on
VfOOD. METAL BOARD
This American Port- able Belt Sander will save time and eliminate tedious hand sanding and planing for you on many jobs! Use this easy- handling Belt Sander in your shop — and dti location — for touch up sanding, rough- ing or final finish . . . Two models — with and without dust collector bag. Speedy . . . rugged . . . efficient . . . dependable. Send for descriptive literature and prices.
AMERICAN Floor Surfacing Machine Co. 520 So. St. Clair St. Toledo $, Ohio
NOTICE
The publlshera of "The Carpenter" reserve the right to reject all advertising matter which may be, in their judgment, unfair or objectionable to the membership of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America.
All Contracts for advertising space in "The Car- penter," including those stipulated as non-can- cellable, are only accepted subject to the above reserved rights of the publishers.
|
Index of Advertise |
;rs essories Page 46 44 4th Cover 43 42 47 -3rd Cover 43 4 48 47 45 44 45 45 4 48 _3rd Cover 1 3rd Cover oks 47 .3rd Cover 3 45 42 41 1 48 |
|
Carpenters' Tools and Acc< The American Floor Surfacing Machine Co., Toledo, Ohio Ardee Tool Co., Rocky River Station, Ohio E. C. Atkins & Co., Indianapolis, Ind. |
|
|
Burr Mfg. Co., Los Angeles, Cal. Rohert H. Clark Co., Beverly Hills, Calif. |
|
|
Henry Disston & Sons, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa Eliason Tool Co., Minneapolis, |
|
|
Empire Level Co., Milwaukee, Wis. |
|
|
E-Z Mark Tools, Los Angeles, Cal. |
|
|
Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis, |
|
|
Greenlee Tool Co., Rockford, 111. The Lufkin Rule Co., Saginaw, Mich. |
|
|
Mall Tool Co., Chicago, 111 Millers Falls Co., Greenfield, |
|
|
1 The Paine Co., Chicago, 111 Quick Sander Sales Co., Long Beach Cal Speedcor Products, Portland, Ore. |
|
|
Stanley Tools, New Britain, |
|
|
Carpentry Materials The Upson Co., Lockport, N. Y._ E. L. Bruce Co., Memphis, Tenn.- Technical Coiu-ses and Bo American Technical Society, |
|
|
Audel Publishers, New York, N. Y. |
|
|
Chicago Technical College, Chi- Cago, 111. |
|
|
A. Riechers, Palo Alto, Calif D. A. Rogers, Minneapolis, Minn. H. H, Siegele, Emporia, Kans Tamblyn System, Denver. Colo.- |
KEEP THE MONEY IN THE FAMILYl
PATRONIZE ADVERTISERS
If you like fine tools
. . . then you'll certainly like to work with the new GREENLEE Socket Chisels, Perfectly balanced . . . handsome, transparent green plastic handles . . . fine bevel-edged GREENLEE blades, so long the choice of true craftsmen. Ask your hardware dealer about them.
GREENLEE
SPECIAL OFFER . . . WOODWORKING CALCULATOR. ..104. Quick solutions to countless problems. ..converting linear to board feet, nail and bit sizes, etc. Send 10c to Greenlee Tool Co., 2087 Columbia Ave., Rockford, III.
QBIG BUILDING BOOKS
12th Edition for EXAMINATION
SEND NO MONEY
Learn to draw plans, estimate, be a Ilve-wlre builder, do remodeling, take contracting jobs. These 9 practical, pro- fusely illustrated books cover subjects that will help you to get more work and make more money. Masonry, con- crete forms, carpentry, steel square, root framing, construc- tion, plumbing, heating, painting, decorating and many other subjects. More than 4000 pages — 2750 illustrations.
UP-TO-DATE
EDITION
These books are the most up-to- date and complete we have ever pub- lished on those many subjects. Examination
BETTER JOBS - BETTER PAY
A nationwide building boom is in full swing and trained men are Deeded. Big opportunities are always for MEN WHO KNOW HOW. These books sup- ply quick, easily understood training and handy, permanent reference Information that helps solve building problems.
Coupon Brings Nine Big Books For
AMERICAN TECHNICAL SOCIETY Publishers since 1898
Dept. GB-36, Drexel at 58th Street, Chicago 37, III.
You may ship me the Up-to-Date edition of your nine big books, "Building, Estimating, and Contracting" with- out any obligation to buy. I will pay the delivery charges only, and if fully satisfied in ten days, I will send you $3.00, and after that only $4.00 a month, until the total price of only $34.80 Is paid. I am not obligated In snj way unless I keep the books.
Name
Address
City State
Attach letter stating age, occupation, employer's name and address, and name and address of at least one buslnesi man as reference. Men in service, also give home address.
Looking straight down on the back edge you see the perfect taper grind of every Disston Hand Saw. Blade thicker at butt. ^„.-.— "^ ^
Looking straight back at the point edge you see the perfect up- ward taper grind of every Disston Hand Saw. Thicker at the tooth edge.
Looking straight down on the tooth edge you see the gauge of the steel from the butt to the point. Ail the way, the tooth edge Is SAME WIDTH.
.a^CC^^ TRUE TAPER GRIND
adds speed, ease, accuracy
D/SSrON... The Saw Most Carpenters Use
is perfectly taper ground, as explained above, to help you do your smoothest, fastest, truest sawing — to help you save time and material. Furthermore, this is the saw made of Disston Steel — Disston-
controlled to give you the flex and balance you want . . . hardened and tempered to make the edge last longer. There are Disston types and sizes for all your work. See Your Hardware Retailer.
HENRY DISSTON & SONS, INC., 704 lacony. Philadelphia 35. Pa., U.S.A.
\n Canada, write: 2-20 Fraser Ave., Toronto 3, Onf.
SPBBPCOn TOOLS z
IViCC SAt/f YOU TIME AND MON£V
SPEED SAW FILER Now file your own saws \ Precision fil- ing easy without experience. Two sim- ple adjustments. Keeps any hand saw extra sharp and true cutting. Complete with file and ready to use $2. So
DRILL GRINDER Makes old drills cut like new. Sharpens 3,32" to \\i" drills with factory accuracy in 30 sees. No ex- perience necessary. Use with hand or power grinding wheels. $2.95
SPEED GRIP PLANE Precision made, pocket sized plane as easy to grip as big one. S'j" X lU" face. Can't he beat for all around fittingand finishing. Blade guaranteed to hold edge. $1.95
SPEED HANDLE Holds files, razor blades, taps, drills, Allen wrenches, bits etc. Operates similar to drill chuck. Precision made. Handiest tool in tool box. $1
SPEED SAW CLAMP Grips full length of hand sa'.*s — 30 inches. Saves time. Attached or released from bench in 15 seconds. Lifetime construction. Holds entire saw true without vibration. $4.95
CIRCULAR SAW FILER Sharpen circular saws like ; expert. Adjustable for any pitch or angle. Complete with file and mandrels for blades with = e", ^4", 13 16" centers. $5.95
Order Today! Cash with order, prepaid. COD postage extra. Money back Guarantee
S P E E D C 0 R P R 0 D U C T S 'l^.r/l^;:^'
TiUTH
AFTEn 40A
This FREE BOOK shows How to Win It
"INDEPENDENCE AFTER 40" is a book giVing you a proven, prac- tical way to make $20 to .?30 a ■week in spare time — sharpening saws with the Foley Automatic Saw Filer. Start at home in basement or garage — you can turn out perfect cutting saws right away — no experience needed.
The Free Book gives vou a plan based on facts, 'with only a small investment, no overhead, no stock of goods to carry. There are thou- sands of saws in _ every communitv * to keep sharp'. *- Begin in spare time — develop into a full
time business of your own later Take the first step towards being own boss — send the coupon for book — no salesman will call
N^^^^^'f^^^
after
40/
Se^ gauftoK ^on, FREE BOOK
FOLEY MFG. CO., 718-0 Foley BIdg., Minneapolis 18, Minn Send FEEE BOOK— "Independence After 40" Name
Address
LEARN TO ESTIMATE
If you are ambitious to have your ovm busi- ness and be your own boss the "Tamblyn System" Home Study Course in Estimating will start you on your way.
If you are an experienced carpenter and have had a fair schooling in reading, w^riting and arithmetic you can master our System in a short period of your spare time. The first lesson begins with excavations and step by step instructs you how to figure the cost of complete buildings just as you would do it in a contractor's office.
By the use of this System of Estimating you avail yourself of the benefits and guidamce of the author's 40 years of practical experience reduced to the language you understaind. You will never find a more opportune time | to establish yourself in business than now. I Study the course for ten days absolutely ' free. If you decide you don't want to keep it, just return it. Otherwise send us $8.75 and pay the balance of $30.00 at $7.50 per , month, making a total of $38.75 for the com- I plete course. On request we will send you plans, specifications, estimate sheets, a copy of the Building Labor Calculator, and com- plete instructions. What we say about this course is not important, but what you find it to be after you examine it is the only thing that matters. You be the judge; your deci- sion is final.
Write your name and address clearly and give your eige, and trade experience.
TAMBLYN SYSTEM
1115 So. Pearl St., C-43, Denver 10, Colo, j
Works with you... ^^ Makes work easier!
• Stanley has designed this nail hammer to swing along with you, to get the job done faster, easier. Drop forged head. Pre-shrunk, straight grain hickory handle double wedged in the head. Stanley Tools, 163 Elm St., New Britain, Conn.
THE TOOL BOX OF THE WORLD
[STANLEY"]]
Reg. U.S. Pot. Off.
HARDWARE- HAND TOOLS ELECTRIC TOOLS
BRUCE
Hardwood Flooring
BLOCK • PIAHK • SIMP
»E L. BrocetO" Floors
product ot V.y . Hardwood F'o
world's Largest "V^^^^g"
AUDELS Carpenters and Builders Guides
4vois.$6
InsideTrade Information
for Carpenters, BuilderB. Join* era. Baildin? Mechanics and all Woodworkers . These Gaides eive yon the short-cut instrac* tions that yon want— including new methods, ideas, solutions, plans, systems and money sav* ing suggestions. An easy pro- gressive course for the appren- tice and student. A practical daily helper and Quick Refer- ence for the master worker. Carpenters everywhere are aa- ins these Guides as a Helping Hand to Easier Work, Better Work and Better Pay. To get this assistance for yoursalt. -__._ ■__ .. -- simply fill in and
Inside Trade Information On: mail free coupon beiow.
How to iise the steel square — How to file and
set saws — How to build lurnlture — How to use
a mitre box — ^How to use the chalk line — How
to use rules and scales — How to make joints —
Carpenters arithmetic — Solving mensuration
problems— Estimating strength of timbers —
How to set girders and sills — How to trame
houses and roofs — How to estimate costs — How
to build houses, barns, garages, bungalows, etc.
— How to read and draw plans — Drawing up
specifications — How to excavate — How to use
settings 12, 13 and 17 on the steel square — How
to build hoists and scaffolds — skylights — How
to build stairs — How to put on Interior trim —
How to hang doors — How to lath — lay floors— 'How to paint.
AUDEL, Publishers, 49 W. 23rd St., New Yorlc 10. N. Y.
Mail Audels Carpenters and Builders Guides, 4 vols., on 7 days' free trial. If OK I will remit $1 in 7 days and $1 monthly until $6 is paid. ■•Otherwise I will return them. No oblieation unless I am satisfied.
Name
Employed by-
CAB
ATKINS
No. 2000
Light, stiff blade. "Perfection" grip. Straight back. Ship point. An ever- popular saw in 22 and 26-inch lengths.
• A ''chip of the old block!''. . . Same fine, "S»7ver Steel" quality as Atkins No. 65, but made especially for particular workmanship! . . . Here are two super-fine saws — companion tools which belong in every carpenter's equip- ment. Once you've tried "Silver Steel" saws —- made only by Atkins — you'll join the thou- sands who say —"Of all fine saws/ the finest are 'Silver Steel'!"
^^ ATKINS makes ^^ket ^L^' SAWS
^■'ot wvi^'
ATK NS
AIKINJ AlWAIS AHIAD'
E. C. ATKINS AND COMPANY
Home Office and Factory:
402 South Illinois street, Indionapolis 9, Indiana
Branch factory: Portland, Oregon Knjfe Factory: lancastor, N.Y>^|
•ranch Office*; Atlanta • Chicago • New Orleans • New York
CARPENTER
FOUNDED 1881
Official Publication of tfie UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS of AMERICA
V?ffljvyy?5v?^y>5<5v5v5vyy5^^^
^0\« Mpi(%
Be sure your Local Union books a showing of these two United Brother- hood films —
THIS IS YOUR BROTHERHOOD
and
CARPENTERS HOME
3S3sjv2?N2>>:>.rx3>iSiN5s>
Produced by authorization of the General Executive Board, these two fihns— in color and sound— show the General Office in action and the Lakeland Home taking care of old time members. There is no charge for the use of these fihns. They are loaned out by the General Office on a first come, first served basis, to Locals, Councils and Auxiliaries. If you haven't seen these films, lu-ge your Local Union to book a showing as soon as possible. Take it up at the next meeting. Full details may be obtained by dropping a note to:
Maurice A. Hutcheson,
First General Vice-President, Carpenters Bldg., 222 E. Michigan St. Indianapolis 4, Indiana.
so NEAR
"I never expected to be able to have a tool that is so near perfect. Some day I am going to write you a good long letter about it."
Robert H. Bentley, (Floor Sander)
Elmira, N. Y.
Horseheads, N. Y.
"THE MACHINE HAT NEEDS NO HELPER"
;o special power hook-ups... .o Dust ... No Muss vo heavy weight lifting. t's Labor-Saving, Time-Sav- ng, Easier, Faster with lORE PROFIT.
lORBOSS-HABIT CO. 181 W. Montrose Ave. Ihicago 41, IHinois
Ifs The New
WXM
NO EDGER NEEDED
He^s talking about — $40 to $75 a d.?iy—Easy!
YES SIR! Floor Sanding is Fast, Fasy, Big Pay Now.
One Machine does the job complete —
No stooping, bending or crawling around on your hands and knees. . . .
No Extra Edging Machine to tire your back . . .
94 Pounds of Modern Power and Engineering DOES THE JOB . . . produces a quantity and quality of work that makes you glad.
Full Time or Part Time ....
on OLD FLOORS or NEW FLOORS . . . the PROFIT IS GOOD and JOBS ARE PLENTIFUL.
GET FULL INFORMATION and FREE TRIAL OFFER
FOR QUICK ACTION-MAIL COUPON
FLORBOSS-HABIT CO.
4181 Montrose Ave., Chicago 41, III.
Please send complete information on the Florboss and Free Trial OfEer.
Name . Address
. State
City Zone
I am interested as a Building Contractor Q
Going into business D
Floor Sanding Contractor □
Please check one of the above.
THC^^^TER
Trade Mark Reg. March, 1913
A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners
of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.
PETER E. TERZICK, Editor Carpenters' Building, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis 4, Indiana
Established in 1881 Vol. LXX — No. 8
INDIANAPOLIS, AUGUST, 1950
One Dollar Per Year Ten Cents a Copy
Con tents
These Are The Red "Glories"
At a Detroit meeting, four Russian escapees unfold the "glories" of life inside the Iron Curtain. The conditions they described must appear to the free overage v/orkman as something out of a horrible nightmare. Propaganda, fear, and starvation are the three main clubs the communist party in Russia uses to keep working men in line, and woe betide those who do not knuckle under in all matters.
History Of Apprenticeship
"Apprenticeship" in America is several hundred years old. However, until modern unions took up the cause of the apprentice he was little more than a slave, bound to his master by law and subject to rigid discipline all his waking hours. The struggle of organized labor to raise the apprentice from a vassal to a free and independent human being entitled to fair and decent treatment has been a long and hard one.
16
Hiding behind the skirts of friendly Congressmen, lobbyists for Big Business have brazenly defied all efForts of a Senate investigating committee to uncover how the lobbies operate and by whom they are financed. These lobbies stoutly support the Taft- Hartley Law which requires union ofTicers to account for all ten dollar political expendi- tures but they defy the right of anyone to inquire into how and why they spend their own millions.
The Danger Is Real -
Proposed Changes To Our Constitution
21
A list of proposed changes in our Constitution and By-Laws addressed to the Twenty- sixth General Convention by various Local Unions of our United Brotherhood.
OTHER DEPARTMENTS
Plane Gossip
Official
Editorials
In Memoriam
The Locker -
Correspondence
To The Ladies
Craft Problems
14 20 24 34 35 37 41 42
Index to Advertisers
47
Entered July 22, 1915, at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., as second cjass mail matter, under Act o£
Congress, Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for 1
in Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917. authorized on July 8, 1918. ',
CARPENTERS
BUILDERS and APPRENTICES
THOROUGH TRAINING IN BUILDING
.earn at Home in Your Spare Time
The successful builder will tell you hat the way to the top-pay jobs and access in Building is to get thorough ;nowledge of blue prints, building con- traction and estimating.
In this Chicago Tech Course, you learn to ?ad blue prints — the universal language of the uilder — and understand specifications — for all rpes of buildings.
You learn building construction details :
oundations, walls, roofs, windows and doors,
rehes, stairs, etc.
You learn how to lay out work and direct
uilding jobs from start to finish. You learn
: 3 estimate building costs quickly and accurate- y. Find out how you can pre- are at home for the higher- aid jobs in Building, or your wn successful contracting busi-
■ ess. Get the facts about his income-boosting Chicago 'ech training now.
VIAIL COUPON NOW
Prepare for more pay, greater suc- cess. Learn how to lay out and run building jobs, how to read blue prints, how to estimate building costs. Prac- tical training with complete blue print plans and specifications — same as used by superintendents and contractors. Over 46 years of experience in train- ing practical builders.
INCREASE YOUR INCOME
Hundreds have quickly advanced to fore- man, superintendent, inspector, estimator, contractor, with this Chicago Tech train- ing in Building. Your practical experi- ence aids your success. Get the technical training you need for promotion and in- creased income.
FREE
Blue Prints and Trial Lesson
Send today for Trial Lesson: "How to Read Blue Prints," and set of Blue Print Plans — sent to you Free. See for yourself how this Chicago Tech Course prepares you to earn more money, gives you the thorough knowledge of Building required for the higher-up jobs and higher pay. Don't delay. Mail the coupon today in an envelope or use a penny postcard.
CHICAGO TECHNICAL COLLEGE
TECH BLDG., 2000 SOUTH MICHIGAN AVE., CHICAGO 16, ILL.
Chicago Technical College
K-12S Tech Bldg,, 2000 So. Rlichigan Ave.,
Chicago 16, Illinois
Mail me Free Blue Print Plans and Booklet: "How to Read Blue Prints' with information about how I can train at home.
Name Age
Address Occupation
City Zone State
r'rr
To Unsightly Cracked Ceilingi
UPSON KUVER-KRAK
PANELS
— applied right over old plaster!
A plastered ceiling is cracked . . . about to fall! Who is going to get the business? Only you have the ability to permanently repair ugly, unsafe ceilings so they will never crack again. Only you can save the housewife from the ordeal of re-plastering — and the clouds of seeping, floating white dust.
Applying Upson Ceihngs is pleasant, easy and profitable! Be an Upson Ceiling Expert. Send the coupon be- low. Our Representative will be glad to help with your first job. Always use Upson Kuver-Krak Panels for ceil- ing jobs. Every panel is plainly marked "Kuver-Krak."
THE UPSON COMPANY
438 Upson Pt., Lockport, N. Y.
I would like to become an Upson Ceiling Expert. D Send me Application Instructions. n Have your Representative call on me.
Easily Identified
By The Famous
Blue Center
CITY
STATE
These Are the Red "Glories"
WHAT IS even'day life like inside Russia? How do ordinary citizens live and work and raise their families? What are living standards and working conditions like and how do workers get along with their supervisors?
For the first time, answers to these and a host of other similar questions were forthcoming from people who really know, when the Research Institute of America, at a meeting held in Detroit, July 17th, introduced four Russian escapees to a large group of industrialists and labor leaders. The four Russians represented a fair cross-section of Soviet industrial life. One was a factory administrator once in charge of the activities of some 7,000 Russian men; another was a foreman who directed some 700 workers; the third was an ordinary worker who earned his liv-
ing as a miner and a machinist; the fourth was a teacher and aviator. For more than four hours these former So\det citizens, aU of them now resid- ing and working in the United States, answered questions put to them by the audience. The questions were di- rect and to the point. No punches were pulled. And the answers were equally straightforward. The result was that all who participated in the meeting came away from it with a better understanding of what life is like behind the Iron Curtain than they ever had before. To say that the pic- ture of Russian life painted by the four escapees is dismal is to indulge in understatement. Much has hereto- fore been written about the Soviet way of life. However, most of the writing has been sheer conjecture ar- rived at through the study of cold statistics. But these four escapees were bom and Hved and worked in Russia. They went to Russian schools and worked in Russian industries and married Russian girls. They know Russia as intimately as any American who was bom and raised in the
United States knows this country. From their ans^vers to direct ques- tions, the following word-picture of Russian life is drawn as accurately as humanly possible.
All industry in Russian is national- ized; that is, the state runs all fac- tories and mines and places of em- ployment. At the head of each fac- tory or production unit is the manage- ment "triangle." This triangle con- sists of three men; the party organ- izer, the technical administrator and the head of the "trade union" in the plant. Together they constitute "Man- agement." Offhand, the arrangement might appear to be a fairly logical one. In actual operation, however, the party organizer is the key man. His decisions are beyond questioning. The administrator does the actual managing of the plant but he dares make no move without approval of the party organizer. As to the trade union head, he is little more than a stooge of the party man. So, in the final analysis, the party organizer con- stitutes a czar in each plant.
THE CARPENTER
Membership in the plant union is compulsory and a checkoff proposi- tion prevails. A certain percentage of the worker's pay is deducted each month to maintain the union. Fre- quent union meetings are held. How- ever, they can hardly be considered meetings in the American sense of the word. Mostly they consist of nothing more or less than lectures on the his- tory of Marxism and the need for producing more per man. Woe betide the worker who misses any of these "meetings."
Ostensibly "elections" are held in trade unions. In practice, however, the party organizer picks the man who should head the union. He attends the election meeting. At the proper time he gets up and tells the meeting that Mr. X. should be elected head of the union. Then he continues standing and glowers around the room daring anyone to nominate anyone else. Since the party organizer holds the fate of every worker in the plant in the palm of his hand, there is never any opposition to his "candidate." The union head is thus always a "unani- mous" choice.
The technical administrator is also under the complete domination of the party organizer. He keeps the plant functioning through his technical skill but he makes no decisions which are not entirely routine. The party organ- izer must be consulted on every mat- ter not limited strictly to keeping the physical production machine operat- ing.
Each plant gets a quota for a given period of time. The way the proposi- tion works out, the Politboro, the high- est authority in the land, decides how much should be produced by every given industry. An industry commit- tee then breaks down this overall fig- ure and assigns a fixed quota for each plant. The plant "triangle" is given
its quota and from there on in it is responsible for fulfilling it.
At a meeting of all employes, the plant quota is explained to them by the party organizer. A few who are party members or pets of the organ- izer immediately volunteer to meet or exceed the quota. From there on in they get every consideration. They get the newest and finest tools and the best places to work. They get the choice of the material. Conse- quently they make a great showing. Their production meets or exceeds the quota allotted to each production worker. On the other hand the non- volunteers fare badly. They get the old broken down equipment. They get last whack at the materials, and if there is a shortage, they have to wait. By super-human effort they might meet the production quota any- way. If they do, they get a little red flag hung over their machine. If they fail to meet the quota, they get a black flag hung over their machine. If they consistently fail to meet the required production standard set by the stooges under ideal conditions, they get a public reprimand first and subsequently become liable for pun- ishment as saboteurs and enemies of the "people."
Each worker has a permanent rec- ord kept of the jobs he has held and the amount he has produced. To move from one job to another, he must get written permission from the party or- ganizer in his plant. In seeking a new job he must show his work rec- ord. In this way an iron-clad control is kept over all workers. They cannot do a thing to better themselves. All work in Russia is on a piecework basis. As soon as one quota is met a higher one is set. The man who does not keep up to the continual speed- up eventually finds himseff in a slave- labor group where he gets no pay and is treated as a prisoner.
THE CARPENTER
A man who is less than twenty minutes late for work gets a public bawling out. If he is a repeater, he can be and usually is tried in the courts and sentenced to prison or to a "labor battalion" which is slave la- bor. However, the greatest club over the heads of the workers is the ration card. Goods in Russia are sold two ways; in Government stores where low official prices prevail and in or- dinary stores where prices are terrific. Occasionally the party organizer hands out a ration card which per- mits the holder to buy some butter or cheese or a pair of shoes in a gov- ernment store. Only those with red flags over their machines get these cards; and only holders of such cards can buy in government stores. As a result, workers are compelled by sheer economic necessity to meet their quo- tas if they humanly can.
Thus there are in reality three clubs which the communist party holds over the heads of the workers to keep them producing. The first is propaganda about the glories of communism and the terrors of democracy. The second is fear— fear that unless a worker meets all the demands made on him he will end up in a slave labor battal- ion. The third club is sheer neces- sity. The living standard is already so low that if a worker fails to meet arbitrary production standards he and his family will actually starve. The theory behind the whole proposition is that the people own the factories and the worker who fails to meet pro- duction standards assigned to him is working against the interests of the people and therefore he is a saboteur.
The pay of the supervisor averaged around a thousand rubles a month. Deducts— and these included two per cent to help the American unem- ployed—took close to forty per cent. However, he was permitted to do all his buying in the government stores
which added greatly to his income. The foreman made something around 500 rubles per month. He could do a good deal of his buying in the gov- ernment stores. The worker averaged between 250 and 300 rubles per month and deducts ate up roughly a third. His buying had to be done in ordinary stores except when the party man in his plant passed out ration cards for meeting the prescribed quo- ta. Unless he got such a card, a suit cost a worker roughly the equivalent of four months' pay. The worker at the Detroit meeting never managed to buy one in his whole working life in Russia. A pair of shoes cost about a month's pay. Everything else cost in proportion. But for the special ration cards handed out by the party man, most workers would be unable to keep alive.
However if suits and shoes are scarce, lectures on the glories of Marxism and Soviet socialism are not. Several nights every week, the Rus- sian worker is expected to attend such lectures. Even if he tries to spend a few hours on the beach somewhere, inevitably a party organizer material- izes out of nowhere and immediately begins organizing a "cultural" meet- ing for expounding the beauties of communism and the hardships of de- mocracy. Party spies are everywhere. Whereas in America the stoolpigeon is reviled and detested, the stoolpi- geon in Russia is glorified and given all sorts of extra privileges in a system where such privileges often mean the difference between hunger and a full stomach. No man in Russia can even completely trust the members of his own family, much less his neighbors and fellow workers. Each man lives within himself and follows the rules as they are handed to him in the best way he can.
When asked how many party mem- bers there were in Russia, the four
8
THE CARPENTER
escapees could not agree. Estimates ranged from two and a half to five and a half millions. Since there are somewhere around a hundred and seventy-five million people in the na- tion, it appears that some two or three per cent who are party members rule the rest.
There is compulsory schooling in Russia. In rural communities, four grades of schooling are required. In cities, the prescribed minimum is seven grades. Party officials deter- mine what kind of work each young- ster finishing school shall enter. The huskier lads are shipped to the mines or other types of work that require brawn. The brighter ones are shipped to machine shops, and the pets and sons of party members get to go to college. The lads who go to work are indentured for seven years to the particular trades chosen for them.
Thus the four Russians summarized the "glories" of life in communist Rus- sia. It should be emphasized that none of these four escapees was sold on democracy when he escaped Russia. They merely knew that they were thoroughly fed up with restric- tions and regimentation and bulldoz- ing through hunger and fear. They only wanted to get away in the hope that somewhere else in the world they could establish themselves in a so- ciety in which the integrity and worth of an individual human being could be worth something. Here in America they have found what they have been looking for. Nothing would please them more than to have all the people in this nation who prattle about the glories of Soviet Russia shipped over there for a few years to really taste the "glories" as they exist.
Brotherhood Exhibit Popular At Label Show- Nearly a million people visited the Union Industries Show sponsored by the Union Label Department of the American Federation of Labor and held in Philadelphia in May of this year. Among the most interesting and popular
exhibits in the show was as that of the United Rrotherhood. Containing a small model home and a cut-away model of a modest cottage, the United Brother- hood exhibit caught the eye of the thousands upon thousands of families in- terested in acquiring a home of their own. The United Brotherhood exhibit showed not only sound construction methods but also the craftsmanship in- volved in putting up a union-constructed home.
History of Apprenticeship
Know all men that I, Thomas Millard, with the Consent of Henry Wolcott of Windsor unto whose costody h- care at whose charge I was brought over out of England into New England, doe hynd myself as an apprentise for eight yeeres to serve William Pyn- chon of Springfield, his heires h- assigns in all manner of lawful employmt unto the full ext of eight yeeres beginninge the 29 day of Sept 1640 6- the said William doth condition to find the said Thomas meat drinke h- clothing fitting such an apprentise & at the end of his tyme one new sute of apparell ir forty shill- ings in mony: subscribed this 28 October 1640
* * •
WHAT it was like to be an apprentice in New England in Colonial days is reflected in the 1640 indenture, quoted above. In return for his devoted services to his master for "eight yeeres," all this apprentice received as compensation was "meat, drinke and clothing." He was given, to be sure, the "one new sute of apparell" promised him "at the end of his tyme," but he lost out on the cash mentioned, as evidenced by the following statement at the foot of the indenture:
Tho Millard by his owne con- sent is released 6- discharged of Mr. Pynchons service this 22. of May 1648 being 4 months before his tyme comes out, in Considera- tion whereoff he looses the 40s in mony wch should have bin pd him, but Mr. Pynchon giveth him one New sute of Aparell he hath at present
Stingy though the early indenture was, it forms a connecting link be- tween present and past apprentice training. The apprenticeship agree- jment which is used today is the modern version of the early indenture, [f the ghost of Thomas Millard, the ipprentice named in the 1640 in- 'ienture, were to go on an industrial i!5nooping tour, he would be surprised it the modern version. He would be surprised to discover, for example, low an apprentice named in a typical apprenticeship agreement of this day
and age fared during his training. In- stead of food, some clothing, and few uncertain shillings, he received he- man wages, increasing every 6 months, ranging from nearly $40 a week to nearly $60. . . . Instead of working 60 or more hours a week, only 40. . . . Instead of slaving for a master in a menial capacity, he was employed by a large company, as a member of a production force, and trained step-by-step on the job, as well as in the classroom. . . Instead of "eight yeeres" to learn a craft, only four. . . . Instead of living in the house of a master, he lived in a home of his own, as an independent, self-respecting citizen. . . Instead of a master as sole boss, workers them- selves had a voice in training pro- cedure through a joint management- labor apprenticeship committee. . . . And "at the end of his tyme" a certi-
i
10
THE CARPENTER
ficate awarded, similar to the diploma awarded graduates of engineering universities. . . .
The modem apprenticeship agree- ment is indeed a far cry from the early indenture. Inconceivable, its provi- sions, to a 300-year-old apprentice ghost. Still more unbelievable to him would be the fact that over 236,500 apprentices in American industry in 1950 would be receiving benefits simi- lar to those of the apprentice cited above.
Today's apprenticeship agreement, unlike its progenitor, which dealt al- most exclusi\'ely with the moral be- havior of the apprentice, sets forth the work processes in which he is to be trained, his hours and wages dur- ing each period of his training. This and other pertinent information are incorporated in the agreement so that an apprentice may know in advance what may enter into his training. It is merely a working agreement for the mutual understanding and pro- tection of the apprentice and his em- ployer; while the early indenture bound the apprentice— inescapably in most instances— body and soul to a master.
TUe indenture and the system of master-apprentice relationship in ap- prenticeship was adopted by the craftsmen who arrived in this country from England and other European countries. The craftsmen who were the apprentices' masters, were asso- ciated in guilds in Europe during the Middle Ages, for their protection and the advancement of their crafts. In- cluded in the membership of the guilds were the journeymen who were a step below the masters.
The indentiue derived its name from the fact that the edge of the first forms used in England were indented or notched by tearing duphcate copies across the top, before the names of apprentices and masters were insert-
ed. This uneven edge identified the copy retained by the apprentice as a duplicate of the copy retained by the master, which was similarly notched.
Both the original and the copy of the indenture of Colonial days were signed by the master and the parent or guardian of apprentices, all of whom were in their teens— most of them not more than 14 years old. The modem apprenticeship agreement is signed by the employer, by a repre- sentative of a joint management-labor apprenticeship committee where a committee is established, or by both; as well as by the apprentice, or, if he is a minor, by his parent or guardian.
The average age of apprentices to- day in American industry, when they start their training, ranges from 18 to 24; and many of them— particularly veterans of the last war— are 25 years of age and over.
In addition to the indenture, one other remaming link with the past is the transfer of skills, acquired tlirough apprenticeship, from one generation to another. This transfer of skill be- gan 4,000 years ago-in 2100 B. C, the date of the Babylonian Code of Hammurabi, which made explicit pro- vision that artisans teach their crafts to youth. The records of Egv^pt, Greece, and Rome in earhest times also reveal this passing on of skills from generation to generation through some form of apprenticeship. Since time immemorial industrial progress has been due in large measure to craftsmen who have learned their trades from their elders. The prestige in England centuries ago is reflected in the following dialogue which ap- pears in the Red Book of Hergest, a 14th Century Welsh Bardic manu- script:
"Open the door! "I will not open it. "Wherefore not?
THE CARPENTER
11
ft^
^^^^
iloth by these PreseiiU bio<t^^^<'^9
-A
after the manner of an Am>rcni- (l.-it<'>ir tlirsL- Presents, unlil tlic i*Jt.rCt»t.i/i ^T**^
anil with the free will ami consent of tli
is here l)y bound an A|>[>reutice tu _ _ _ ^ _^
toloarn the art. trails or iMslcry "f 4t.^TC^ an. I uilli him the >aiil.,/t^<g.^ < -/ix^^*^ ticp, to sei^- fiomlhe iby of the
day of ^^^^iCC«^>w^*^ , uhicli will be in the year ofunr Lord u^thousand ei;;;ht hund/i'd and jyt^ri<^r ^I^O <t . when the said .\|)|ircntice will arrive at the age of#SM^^^)b>^S^^-^Utt>-' years : During all whiih time, the --aid A[i|>reiiti('e bis said Mii'.tcr ui^KuiiI faillifiilly sh;»ll vnve, his secrelM kee|», hi>> law fill ninimaiids duly oliey. He >hall do no ilaiiia^i' to hii «aiil Master, nor siinV-r it to lie done liy others, without giviii:; seasonalile notice theieur lu his said Master. He xiiali not waste the goods of liis said Master, nur lend them unlawrnlly to any. .\t cards, dice, or any other unlaw- ful !;aine. hesliall not |ii;iy. lie shall notaliseiit himself, hy day or liy iiiglit, from tiic service of his said Master, without his leave; nor haunt or rrei|Mrnt ale-hoiises, taverns, ur !;aniin:; places. He shall not cnntrirt matrimony \tithiii tin- said term ; nor shall hu commit any aits of vice or iuimoralily whirii are foiliiddeii liy the Laws of the L'om- innnwealth : lint ii all thin:;s, and at all times, he shall carry and behave himself tn- vai'ds his said Master, and all others, as a good and faithful Apprentice uuf;ht to do. dnrinirall the term aforesaid.
^loth herehj i
Villi the sa . _^ . _ _
th herehv coMiiaiil and proinisi. to teach and instruct, or cnusc the said Apprciilicc^lo he iiistriii led, in llir art, trade or callini; of^=<- ^^^fc<***«*. — *^^ t jA.'Tx^-i. <'^V- hy the best way or means
that he may or can (if said Apprenliie be capalile to leaiii ;) and during the said term. tiUiiid and provide iintotlje said Apprentice f » Ji "^^ > ./'«« i^in* <ViYifr<»J«i
In TEsriMOur WHF.nEor, the said Parties have to this, and one other Indenture, of the same tenor and datt, ■tcrchan'geably set their bands and seals, the ^jt-^t^'>^ <» day ti{ ^■f^ Wji »\_t^ It) , iu the year ofour Lord oae^ thousand eight hundred
Sifoed, SfiakMl utd delirerctl I PrcjeDco vf u
12
THE CARPENTER
'The knife is in the meat, and the drink is in the horn, and there is rev- eh->- in Arthur's Hall: and none ma\- enter therein but the son of a King of
a pri\-ileged countn-. or a craftsman bringing his craft."
In \ie\v of the waning prestige of kings, it would not be flattering to place today's craftsmen in the same category.". Today the\' are an integral part of the industrial picture, while kings have nearly all disappeared.
The crafts themselves ha\-e always been largely a family tradition. Fa- thers have taught their sons the crafts, and their sons have taught their sons. This famih" tradition is exemplified to- day in stone cutting and finishing— one of the most ancient of the crafts. In Elberton, Georgia, '"the Granite Center of the South.'' 50 per cent of the 130 apprentices in training under the area-\"^"ide apprenticeship program there are related to the journeymen employed b}" the 45 granite plants participating in the program.
There is one chapter in the his- tor}" of apprenticeship which caused a stigma difficult to outh\'e— that re- lating to the exploitation of poor chil- dren, as well as po^'ert}"-stricken men and ^^^omen. Man\' were indentured servants, who were given httle or no opportunit}" to learn a trade; and the system can hardly be classified as ap- prenticeship. The practice of inden- turing servants. S'jrnc of whom were undesirables, includiiig rorrner prison- ers imported from abroad, took place largely in the Southern States, where workers were needed on the planta- tions. They worked off the cost of their transportation by serving as so- called apprentices. Tempted into this traffic were the captains of ships and bartering agents who profited by the system. This exploitation of the un- fortunates was finally erased after pubHc sentiment brought about regu- lative acts.
\A'hile there were comparatively few cases of indentured ser\ants out- side of the Southern States, at any time, instances may be cited else-
v.here. even as late as the 19th Cen- tury. A voluminous document, dated 1S20, for example, reveals that an in- dentured servant was used to solve the help problem in a New Jersey sub- urb. The indenture specified that the 15-year old daughter of "a man of colour in the township of Randolph of the Count}- of Morris in the State of Xew Jersey shaU bind herself a ser\-ant and apprentice unto William Reeves of the place aforesaid," to learn the "art and occupation of house\^"ifer\- and housekeeping." Ac- \ cording to the imposing terms set ' forth, she was scheduled to continue in his ser\-ice for five years and two : months, to behave herself during that ■ time— or else. In return for her ser- \ices. her master agreed to provide food, clothing, and lodging, and "a S30 feather bed." as weU as a chance to go to school for a few months.
That the construction industry, which has been in the forefront in re- cent years in apprenticeship acti\"ities in this countr\\ used the formalized indenture over a centun." ago, is evi- denced b}" a "Tiouse carpenter" in- denture, dated 1832. This indenture boimd a 16-year-old apprentice in Xew Bedford, Massachusetts, to his master until 18-37, exactly 100 years before the enactment of today's na- tional apprenticeship law (Pubhc Law 308, 75th Congress;. The indenture states that John Slocum, "doth by these Presents bind L>Tnan Slocimi. his son. a minor * * * to Thomas Rem- ington * * * to learn the art, trade.' and m}"sten- of a house carpenter.' The master, according to the inden-i ture, promised "to teach and instruct' or cause the said apprentice to be in- structed, in the art, trade or caUing
THE CARPENTER
13
of a house painter. * * * (if said ap- prentice is capable to learn)."
Whatever methods were used to acquire the skills in the crafts in the early days, the 1832 carpenter appren- tice indenture cited above, is not en- lightening with respect to training, except for the somewhat uncertain promise of the master to instruct the apprentice, if he showed that he was 'capable to learn." Compare, for ex- ample, what the city-wide carpentry apprenticeship program in Baltimore -a typical program of today— pro- vides Arthur P. Prentice, a high school graduates, 19 years old. Arthur has a definite work schedule to follow; and is also given thorough classroom instruction four hours a week in the local public vocational school in sub-
jects related to his practical work. He is indentured to a joint employer- labor apprenticeship committee which directs the city-wide program. The committee moves him from one build- ing contractor to another and one con- struction job after another. He is thus enabled to acquire experience in every kind of carpentry work per- formed by journeymen— the all-round skilled workers in the craft.
Arthur works eight hours a day alongside seasoned craftsmen on ac- tual construction jobs that are under- way. At the start of his training he was paid $1.27 per hour, or about $50 a week; and his wages increase every six months, reaching $1.90 per hour or $75 a week, during the final six months of the fourth year of his train- ing .
JUNE,
OLD MAGAZINE DESCRIBES 1890 CONDITIONS
Delving through his attic, an employe at the General Office recently uncovered a June, 1890, copy of Demorest's Magazine, a publication that carried considerable weight prior to the turn of the century. Contained in the issue vi'as the short piece reprinted below (to- gether with a picture of the cover of the magazine) outlining the struggles of the United Brotlierhood for an eight hour day.
THE EIGHT-HOUR MOVEMENT
The United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners have sent a circular letter ad- dressed to "The carpenters and mechanics of Europe," to all the trades-unions in England and Germany, warning workmen not to come to this country until the strug- gle for a working-day of eight hours has been concluded. In this circular the United Brotherhood also asserts that "the carpenters of America are by no means so well off or so well paid as these capitalists and tlieir agents would have European workmen be- lieve. Work here is always unsteady— at best will average eight months a year— and tlie general rule is ten hours a day. Men shift frequently from one employer to an- other for want of steady work. Competi- tion is keen and intense, and a big day's work is expected from each man. Machinery and new inventions constantly reduce the demand for labor, and with the incoming flow of immigration only add to the large glut of idle men in this country." This cir- cular is not calculated to encourage the im- migration of dissatisfied workers on the other side, but doubtless will encourage them in their eight-hour movement, which is assum-
■Socialist workmen leaders are strongly crowded
upon this question.
ng considerable proportions, and the anti i^o fall into line with the industrial masses
SIP
TURN ABOUT
"Jumping Joe" McCarthy, vociferous Sen- ator from Wisconsin, has been creating sometliing of a furor with his sensational "charges" tliat hundreds of undesirables are working in tlie State Department of the government. Anotlier investigating commit- tee subsequently discovered that Senator McCarthy pocketed $10,000 from a defunct prefabricated house manufacturing outfit for "writing" a book. Our only comment is to tell the old one about Zeke, the moun- taineer:
It had taken Zeke all morning to tow a tourist's disabled car down the mountain road to the closest village. When he finally returned home at dusk, his wife met him on tlie porch.
"How much did you charge tliat city fel- ler fer towin' him?" she asked.
"Fifty cents," answered Zeke. "Guess it warn't too much. Leastwise, he didn't kick up no fuss."
"Fifty cents," sputtered tlie irate wife, "I swear. Pa, sometimes I wish you'd pull the cart and let the mule handle the executive end of tilings."
44. is3-g3SBcs-(g) 1950 (aRL StAM WiTz
"or Gus always said his old union spirit would never expire!"
SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT
There was a short and humorous report in the papers the other day which might bear deeper significance tlian we think.
It was about a fellow who was the victim of an automatic coffee-vending machine.; Seems he put a coin in the contraption and,l when it failed to serve up the proper re- freshment, he slammed the robot around a bit with his open hand. Whereupon, thai mechanical merchant squirted black coflFee! on its assailant's clean white shirt.
This victim of the automatic age got off^ lightly. His clash with a monster salesman! could have been much worse. Say, ioi example, he had felt the urge for a bit of; exercise and wanted to buy a baseball bati or a set of golf clubs. Since we are fast' approaching the day of completely auto- matic living, he might have been deal- ing witli a bat-vending machine which, when roughed up, would strike the customer over the head with a Louisville Slugger instead of dashing coflEee on his shirt.
In a more serious vein, this funny little incident (funny to us, not the dirty-shirted victim), carries a forceful commentary on our times. We are trusting more and more of our duties to machines. It would be well for us to pause, at times, and ponder the destination of our march of ingenuity.
Will civilization eventually reach the day when nobody works? Will our descendants of tomorrow push a button for everything they want? Or, will the machine retaliate, not by squirting coffee on our shirts or hit- ting us over tlie head with ball bats, but by making a complete mess of the entire econ- omy?
Perhaps man is not master of the machine at all. If the machine should rebel success- fully and bankrupt our economy, civilization might one day find itself in tlie plight de- scribed in H. G. Wells' book, "Things to Come," witli all our great machines basking smugly in junk yards, getting a nice rust tan, while man is forced to return to doing all his labor by hand.— Baker's Journal
THE CARPENTER
15
IT'S UP TO JOE
Losing out sadly in the cold war, old j vioustache Joe last month decided to warm i hings up a bit. Through his North Korean I tooges, he attacked Southern Korea with a jjlitz Hitler might approve of. However, j his time Joe bit off a little more than he |;an chew, because the United States and 'he rest of the civilized world have said: I 'Hold on, Pardner, this is the end of the I ine insofar as your aggression is concerned."
I At this writing, the Korean war was rag- ng furiously. Whether it develops into a General war is now up to Joe. The U. S, las had only five years of peace. It was :i peace that cost a good deal in lives and 'noney to achieve. If it has to go, all we i;an do is be as philosophical as the Cana- llian woodsman in the following oldie:
I' Chopping down trees in Canada, a French Hanuck was able, by arduous labor and the |)bservance of careful thrift, to save $100 )er annum. After fifteen years of unremit- ing toil, he decided to take a little holiday, I md came charging down to New York with :)1,500 in his jeans. A local gambling house j elieved him of the entire poke in one hour lat.
"Well," bellowed the hardy woodsman, IS he arose from the table, "easy come, [ijasy go!"
• * *
VOTES AND PRAYERS NEEDED
In the primary elections held to date abor has made only a mediocre showing. ^ number of good, pro-labor men were lominated, but by the same token a number )f proved friends of the working man went lown to defeat. Labor will have to make )etter use of its ammunition between now ind next November if a decent Congress is o be elected.
For four years now the working people )f this nation have taken a beating because here were enough Tafts and Dixiecrats in A^ashington to block legislation capable of ■emoving the Taft-Hartley shackles from anions, building up decent Social Secur- ty, providing decent housing for middle in- ;ome groups, etc. Unless the labor vote :omes out strong enough in November to mseat many Tafts and Dixiecrats, the work- ng people of the nation will be in a posi- ion about like the pilot running into difE- ;ulty over the ocean. Getting the nearest •ontrol tower on his radio, the pilot frantic- lily called:
"Pilot to tower; pilot to tower. Out of gas at 8,000 feet, thirty miles out over the Atlantic Ocean. Give instructions."
Back came a prompt answer: "Tower to pilot; tower to pilot. Repeat after me: "Our Father, who art in Heaven ..."
The moral is: Kick in a buck or two to your local non-partisan committee this month to help gas up organized labor's political plane so we won't find ourselves in the same position as the above pilot next year.
• • • PERT AND PERTINENT "In conducting every phase of your busi- ness program, don't forget that 'Honesty is the best policy'. . ."—Magazine article.
—and, we might add, the rarest. "City plans to build giant skating rink with seating capacity of 12,000 . . ."—Newspaper headline.
—evidently the city fathers expect a lot of poor skaters to attend.
"Men in business often complain of the bad- ness of their memory . . ."—Memory course advertisement.
—but the millenium will be here when
you hear one admit to an error in his
judgment. "Creative work is more exhausting than phys- ical labor . . ."—Radio Commentator.
—at least, that's the lazy man's alibi for
working less than four hours a day.
45. 153 © 1950 C^RL ^TAMWiTz
"Get going! Can't you realize that Union means YOUnion?"
16
THE DANGER IS REAL
YOU HAVEN'T been reading much about it in the papers, but the Housf Committee which is investigating lobbying activities in Washington ha; uncovered some ver)' interesting facts,— facts which prove that there ii a highly-organized and well-financed move afoot not only to smash all organ ized labor but also to repeal all social legislation passed in the last fifty years As this was being written, Big Business lobbyists were brazenly defying thf committee and refusing to divulge pertinent information which the committee was demanding. Time and again they literally challenged the committee. Ont reason for their cockiness was the fact that they knew they had a number O; staunch supporters among the committee members; men like Halleck o; Indiana and Brown of Ohio from the Republican side and Cox of Georgia from the Democratic side. Tooth and toenail these stalwart opponents of or ganized labor and all progressive legislation have been fighting to nullify th( probe. They have thrown in the way
of the committee all the obstacles they could possibly invent.
Chief target of the probe to date has been the notorious Committee for Constitutional Government and its many front organizations such as Fighters for Freedom, America's Fu- ture, etc. Brains of this super-lobby combine is Edward A. Rumely, a man with a somewhat checkered past. Among the things which the commit- tee uncovered last month is the fact that a Congressman is on the pa)'roll of the lobby.
When Rumely went back on the witness stand last month Benedict F. FitzGerald, chief counsel for the com- mittee, showed him a letter from the "Super-Lobby's" files.
"This letter," FitzGerald said, "is signed by Sumner Gerard, a trustee of your lobby organization. Gerard says that you have a congressman on your payroll."
Rumely proceeded to "explain" that letter, this wav:
"Former Congressman Samuel B Pettengill (reactionary' Indiana Dem ocrat) used to write both a radio pro gram and a newspaper column fo: us. Pettengill quit, so we had to fine someone else.
"We went to Congressman Ralpl W. Gwinn (New York Taft-Republi can) and to Dr. WiUford I. King (ai economics professor who has Ions been on this lobby combine's pa\Toll) We said 'Will each of you even,' wee] write a newspaper column for us, anc we will also put it into our 'Pau Revere' messages.' Gwinn said h would."
Professor King also agreed, o course, because he is Rumely's plai] hired man. So we have the interest ing spectacle of a professor and a con gressman writing a weekly propa ganda column for this Big Busines lobby, and getting paid for it.
The column, Rumely further ex plained, is sold or given to news papers by the "Features for Americ Syndicate," which is another "front
THE CARPENTER
17
organization formed by "C. C. G." If you read that column in your local newspaper, you will now know who is back of it.
At first, Rumely said, the lobby combine paid Gwinn $250 a month for writing this column, but later "raised" him to $350 a month. Rume- ly insisted this money was merely to pay Gwinn for his "research ex- , penses."
That the "Super-Lobby" looks upon Gwinn as merely another of its hired I men is indicated by a letter Rumely I wrote the New York congressman in ' April this year. The letter chided Gwinn for not making his column ; "sharp" enough, and give him "sug- i gestions" on how he should do better ] in the future.
i Rumely and other "Super-Lobby" f heads, however, frequently found oc- l casions to write Gwinn letters prais- ing him for his work, not as a "col- umnist," but as a congressman. For example, Gwinn was lauded several ' times for his speeches and votes against housing legislation. I About 50 letters between Rumely ■and Gwinn were shown to the com- I mittee privately, and may not be i made public.
; A very significant letter written by 'Rumely on June 16, 1949— to former ; Taft-Republican Senator E. H. Moore ' of Oklahoma— said:
"We have employed full time, Irv- ing McCann. He was counsel for the Senate Labor Committee and man- aged the hearings which preceded I passage of the Taft-Hartley Act." I ♦Senator Taft was chairman of that Senate committee at the time, but I'Rumely says the hearings were "man- i.aged" by McCann, now a "full-time employe" of this extremely anti-labor Big Rusiness lobby. h. Its views on labor legislation are jrjevealed by a book— "Labor Monop-
olies and Freedom"— published by the Rumely lobby and exhibited at the hearings. From this book, FitzGerald quoted these amazing words:
"What we should do is to repeal all Federal labor laws— on wages, hours of labor, collective bargaining, minimum wages, etc.— and abolish all boards, bureaus and commissions that result from these laws."
In other words, turn the clock back at least half a century, to the days when working men and women had no laws to protect them from the greed and tyranny of hard-boiled em- ployers.
Without such laws, workers would have to depend entirely on strong unions and collective bargaining. Rut does Rumely, the "brains of this Su- per-Lobby, believe in collective bar- gaining?
On the contrary, this lobby pro- claims that collective bargaining is a wholly evil thing, and should be com- pletely abolished. In short, this pow- erful lobby is against any kind of pro- tection for workers— either by unions or by laws.
Other letters from and to Rumely showed close connection between his lobby combine and that old foe of labor unions— the National Associa- tion of Manufacturers.
On October 7, 1949, Rumely wrote a letter to former Senator Albert W. Hawkes, ultra-reactionary New Jersey Taft-Republican, and former presi- dent of the N. A. M.
"During the past eight months," Rumely told Hawkes, "we have been carefully preparing the Fighters For Freedom (the "political arm" of the C. C. G.). Some of the best minds with which we are in touch worked months on the F. F. F. 'platform'— Dr. King, Dresser, Pettengill, Ralph Gwinn and others.
18
THE CARPENTER
"We then put this platform to the test by full-page newspaper ads in Milwaukee, Racine and several other cities, and by nation-wide mailings. It is a mechanism by which those who enroll in the F. F. F. pledge them- selves to enroll five other members.
"In Dallas, Texas, Alvin Owsley, former national commander of the American Legion, is spear-heading the most eflFective city-wide drive we have ever put on. We use the 'Paul Re- vere' letters of Dr. King and Con- gressman Ralph Gwinn. Every two weeks, every F. F. F. members gets the 'Paul Revere' letters, and each member gets a copy of the book 'Labor Monopolies.' "
On January 28, 1948, Frank Gan- nett, millionaire "chain" newspaper publisher and a chief organizer of the C. C. G. lobby, sent Rumely tsvo checks for $500.
Rumely "explained" to the Ru- chanan committee that these checks were "a personal affair between Gan- nett and a New York congressman," who was not identified as Gwinn. As a "personal service" to Gannett, the congressman put his "frank" at the disposal of the C. C. G., so it could mail free some propaganda which Gannett wanted distributed.
Rumely's explanation of where the $500 went was none too clear. He said Gannett "sent the checks to pay for the stuff, and the money went to the public printer."
Homer Dodge, "Washington repre- sentative" of the C. C. G., v^rrote Rumely an interesting letter during the recent battle on President Tru- man's proposal to amend the Taft- Hartley Act and oust Robert Den- ham, anti-labor chief counsel of the National Labor Relations Roard.
"It would strengthen the Taft-Hart- ley forces," Dodge told Rumely, if further demonstrations were made
now against the whole Truman pro- gram." Ruchanan tried unsuccessfully to get Rumely to explain what was meant by "demonstrations."
Again last month Ruchanan repeat- edly asked Rumely who puts up the big money for the "Super-Lobby" combine.
"You are spending $1,100,000 this year," Ruchanan pointed out. "Yet the loans and contributions about which you have informed this committee to- tal only about $25,000. I think we have a right to seek information about who provided the rest of the money."
Rumely again repeatedly defied the House committee, with such impu- dent words as "I won't tell." "You'll never get that." "Take me to court and you'll get an education."
Rrown and Halleck continuously encouraged Rumely in this definance.
Recently Frank R. Kent, writer for the Washington Star, bemoaned the fact that so many ordinary people are voting in elections these days. This, Kent thinks, "is the basic reason for the cheapening of our public service during the last two decades. . ." After reading the preceding testimony be- fore the House Committee on Lobby- ing, we are inclined to agree with Kent that public service has been cheapened during recent years. How- ever, the cheapening has been done by men who have aligned themselves with Rig Rusiness interests which have heavily-laden purses at their dis- posal.
Take a look back over the last few years. Who have been the Congress- men most opposed to labor? Have there been more anti-labor men in Congress than Parnell Thomas, Fred Hartley and Ralph Gwinn? And what do these men's records show. Thomas has been in jail for squeezing kick- backs out of his secretarial employes, a procedure that is about as despic- able as they come; Hartley has gone
THECARPENTER 19
to work for a propaganda organiza- If the eyes of the working people tion that has been branded as being needed opening, the proceedings be- about as close to fascism as anything fore the House Committee of Lobby- existing in the nation today; and now ing ought to be enough to do the it is disclosed that Gwinn is drawing job. Testimony before that commit- down $350 a month for "services" he is tee makes it clear that powerful forces rendering the most vicious lobby still ^^e at work trying to destroy not only in operation And let us not overlook ^jj organized labor but to wipe off the Senator McCarthy and his $10,000 ^^^^^ ^^ 1^^^ ^^^^ protect working
tee rrom Lustron Corporation. Is i tt i i-x, i • ^ i ,1 . ^ r ii • 1 • IT people. Unless the workmg people this sort of thing cheapening public n , , , ., t ^ i n f^i Ir. service or not? Old Joe Stalin must ^ht back through the ballot box the get many hearty laughs out of the anti-labor a liance may succeed. No- doings of such men as Thomas, Hart- ^^"^ber will be the testing ground, ley, Gwinn and McCarthy. Nothing Unless every working man and woman could more effectively cheapen public is registered and prepared to vote m service nor create more distrust in the way recommended by his union public service and democracy than committee the super lobbies may get shenanigans like those named above. their way yet.
Brother John Fette Is War Casualty
As the cold war grows hotter, the effects of it strike constantly closer to home. Already casualty lists are beginning to include the names of members
[ of the United Brotherhood. Among the heroes already created by the cold war, the name of Brother John H. Fette stands high. It was Brother Fette who was the pilot of the ill-fated Navy "Privateer" plane which the Russians cold-bloodedly shot down over the Baltic on April 8th of this year. The act will long remain as one of the most cowardly and dastardly in modern history. Unarmed and on a routine flight, the American plane, with Brother Fette at the controls, was jumped and shot down by Soviet fighter planes. It never
^ had a chance, for it had nothing with which to fight back.
Brother Fette was born March 17, 1921. On January 17, 1941 he was initiated into Local Union 2274 of Pittsburgh, Pa. From that time until August 1 1948, when he entered the service. Brother Fette worked at the trade and ; remained a loyal member of the United Brotherhood. In line with the action ^ adopted by the General Executive Board, Brother Fette was carried on the membership rolls from the time he entered the service without the payment Pof further dues. Last month a full funeral donation of $600 was paid to his beneficiary by the General Office.
The death of Brother Fette emphasizes the utter ruthlessness and vicious- |ness of the communist menace— a menace that must be stamped out at any i cost if human integrity, human dignity and human life itself are to have any meaning. His passing should serve as an inspiration to all who believe in the common decency to uncompromisingly battle the communist menace wher- ever and whenever it arises.
i
Official Information
General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS
of AMERICA
Qbnebal Office! : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General President
WM. L. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
First General Vice-Presidenx
M. A. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Acting Secret art
ALBERT B. FISCHER
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Second General Vice-President
JOHN R. STEVENSON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Treasurer
S. P. MEADOWS
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Executive Board
First District, CHARLES JOHNSON. JR.
Ill B. 22nd St., New York 10. N. Y.
Fifth District. R. B. ROBERTS 3819 Cuming St., Omaha, Nebr.
Second District, O. WM. BLAIBR 933 E. Magee, Philadelphia 11, Pa.
Sixth District, A. W. MDIR Box 1168, Santa Barbara, Calif.
Third District, HARRY SCHWARZER 1248 Walnut Ave., Cleveland, O.
Seventh District 3560 St. Lawrence, Montreal, Que., Can.
Fourth District, ROLAND ADAMS 712 West Palmetto St., Florence, S. C.
WM. L. HUTCHESON. Chairman ALBERT B. FISCHER, Acting Secretary
All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the Acting Secretary
CONVENTION CALL AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR
You are hereby notified that, in pursuance of the Constitution of the American Federa-!! tion of Labor, the Sixty-ninth Convention of the American Federation of Labor will be' held^in the Civic Auditorium, Houston, Texas, beginning at 10:00 o'clock Monday Morn- ing, September 18, 1950, and will continue in session from day to day until the business of the Convention shall have been completed.
CONVENTION CALL UNION LABEL TRADES DEPARTMENT
Pursuant to the Constitution of the Union Label Trades Department of the American Federation of Labor, you are hereby notified that tlie Forty-second Annual Convention of the Union Label Trades Department will convene in tlie South American Room, Rice Hotel, Houston, Texas, 10 a.m., Friday, September 15, 1950, and will continue in session until the business of the Convention is completed.
CONVENTION CALL BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION TRADES DEPARTMENT
Pursuant to Section Four of the Constitution of tlie Building and Construction Trades Department of the American Federation of Labor, you are hereby notified that the Forty- third Annual Convention will be held in Houston, Texas, at the Rice Hotel, Wednesday September 13, 1950, at 10:00 a.m. and will continue in session from day to day until the| business of the convention shall have been completed.
THECARPENTER 21
Proposed Changes to Our Constitution and Laws
Submitted by Local Union 2554, Lebanon, Oregon.
Section 1 be amended by adding Paragraph C.
"When reference is herein made to a member by pronoun that such pronoun shall include the female gender when such member is a female."
* « « # *
Submitted by Local Union 2568, Edmonton, Alta., Canada.
Change Section 9, Paragraph L to read:
"A member to be eligible for nomination and election as a General Officer must have been a member for 5 years (or term agreed upon at the Convention.)
* « # # i»
I Submitted by the Oregon State Council of Carpenters, Salem, Oregon.
I Section 13, Paragraph B be amended to read as follows:
i "He shall publish the Official Journal on the 15th of each month, giving therein all business pertaining to the Local Unions, and mail a copy of same to the home address of each member who is entitled to donations. He shall also issue the General Password quarterly, and a General Password to the Ladies' Auxiliary semi-annually, and publish a monthly Financial Statement in pamphlet form of all moneys received and expended and the sources from which they have been received, itemized to show the individual amounts received for Per Capita Tax, Initiation Fees and Supplies from each source, same to be forwarded to the Secretary of each Local Union, District Council and State or
Provincial Council."
I * # # « «t
'Proposed by Local Union 1529, Kansas City, Kansas. Amend Section 18, Paragraph A to read:
"The Convention city shall be chosen by a majority vote of the ballots cast by the delegates to the General Convention in regular session."
I # # # * #
I By Local Union 512, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Amend Section 18, Paragraph I to read: <■ "The General Treasurer shall pay out of the General Fund transportation expenses not
to exceed four cents (4c) per mile each way of all delegates entitled to seats and attending
(the General Convention.
1 Mileage shall be computed over the shortest route over which a ticket for continuous
I passage can be purchased.
! All other legitimate expenses to be defrayed by the Local Union they respectively rep-
liiesent."
if * # » # «
Local Union 134, Montreal, Que., Canada.
I Amend Section 18, Paragraph M by adding the following words, after the word Brotli- i|erhood "They shall be entitled to two weeks vacation with pay annually."
Amended Paragraph to read: ! "All salaries of General Officers and General Organizers shall be fixed by the General Convention subject to the referendum vote of the meinbership of the United Brotherhood; they shall be entitled to two weeks vacation with pay annually."
* * « o *
'By Local Union 134, Montreal, Que., Canada.
Proposes that Section 18, Paragraph N of the General Constitution become Paragraph 0, tlien Paragraph N to read as follows:
"All General Officers and Organizers be pensioned at the age of Sixty-five." ' "Suidh pension shall be granted in proportion with their services rendered to the Organi- [ [matron— subject to referenduitt."
22 THE CARPENTER
Submitted by Local Union 2568, Edmonton, Alta., Canada.
By adding to Section 27 under the caption of Jurisdiction of State and Provincial Coun- cils a new Paragraph known as Paragraph D which would read as follows:
"Where a Carpenters Council already exists, and where two or more woodworkers' locals deem it beneficial for them to have their own state or provincial council, it shall be granted under the terms mentioned in A and B."
# # » * #
Submitted by Local Union 236, Clarksburg, West Virginia.
Section 31, Paragraph A be amended by prefixing the word "Business Agent" before the word "President." Amended Section to read as follows:
"The officers of a Local Union shall be Business Agent, President, Vice-President, j Recording Secretary, Financial Secretary, Treasurer, Conductor, Warden and three (3) Trustees. Seven (7) members shall constitute a quorum."
# # » « #
Submitted by Local Union 236, Clarksburg, West Virginia.
Section 31 be amended by deleting Paragraph C in its entirety and substituting the following:
"Local Unions of one hundred (100) or more members shall elect their officers by the Australian Ballot, The nomination of Officers shall be the first night in June, and the election thereof on the second meeting night. Locals of less than one hundred (100) mem- bers shall nominate the first night in June, but may be re-opened the night of the election unless they use the Australian Ballot."
o * * « «
By Local Union 385, New York, New York.
Amend Section 31, Paragraph D after the words on official business add "OR PRE- VENTED BY ACCIDENT OR SICKNESS."
The amended Section would read as follows:
"A member cannot be nominated for office, delegate or committee unless he is present on the night of nomination, except he is in the ante-room on business authorized by the Local Union, or out on official business OR PREVENTED BY ACCIDENT OR SICK- NESS; nor shall he be eligible unless he is a journeyman carpenter working at the trade or employed by the organization, and has been twelve consecutive months a member in good standing of the Local Union and a member of the U. B. of C. and J. of A. for three years immediately prior to nomination, unless the Local Union has not been in existence the time herein required. Honorary members are not eligible to hold office."
# # # # #
^ >
By Local Union 236, Clarksburg, West Virginia. *
Proposing our Laws be advanced one number numerically i.e., the present 33 becoming 34, etc., and Section 33 of our General Constitution be amended to read as follows:
DUTIES OF BUSINESS AGENT
A. The Business Agent shall police all work in his jurisdiction and endeavor to have al work performed by members of the United Brotherhood and to see that all Trade Rules arcjj enforced and that all members are receiving full wages as established by the Local Union. |
B. Where no District Council exists he shall issue all working permits, write up all applications for new members and collect the fee therefor. He shall turn over to thej Financial Secretary each meeting night all money collected by him, giving the name from! whom collected and for what purpose collected. He shall take a receipt from the Financial Secretary for same.
C. He shall have the sole authority to place key men on jobs where called for and shall be the judge as to the ability of the men so placed. He shall endeavor to settle all disputes that may arise on any job and shall have fvdl authority to transact business for the local between meetings.
D. To be eligible for the office of Business Agent he must have been a full joumeymar for at least five (5) years prior to his election and a member of the Local three (3) years He must have a full knowledge of our Constitution and Laws, including our full trade autonomy and all decisions pertaining thereto.
THE CARPENTER 23
E. The compensation for the Business Agent shall be that which is agreed upon between dim and the Local Union or District Council. Said compensation shall be paid by the Local or District Council without vote on same. The Business Agent shall be bonded [jy the General Office, the cost of said bond to be paid by the Local Union or District
Council.
# # # # «
submitted by Local Union 1049, Poplar Bluff, Missouri.
Amend Section 42, Paragraph W to read as follows:
"No member can hold ofRce or vote on any subject unless he has been a member of the Local at least twelve months."
# # # # #
3y Local Union 241, Molina, Illinois.
Amending Section 42, Paragraph W to read as follows:
"No member can hold ofBce or vote on any subject unless he has been a member of the _iOcal at least twelve months."
» # ft # #
ly Local Union 103, Birmingham, Alabama.
Amend Section 42, Paragraph W to read as follows:
"No member can hold office or vote on any subject unless he has been a member of the ijocal at least twelve months."
The proposed amendment by Local Union 103 has been endorsed by several Local Unions.)
ft # ft ft ft
5y the Twin City Carpenters District Council, St. Paul, Minnesota.
Amending Section 43, Paragraph Q to read as follows:
By adding on the second line after the words, 'business of contracting'— "if he so notifies is Local Union or District Council in writing, and he shall employ at least one (1) joumey- aan on his work."
It is further proposed that:
"This change shall not apply to small jobbing or odd work being done when not other- wise employed, but shall apply strictly to competitive contracting and building for sale in ompetition with other contractors."
ft ft ft ft ft
!y Local Union 2046, Martinez, California.
Amend Section 44, Paragraph A of the General Laws by adding the following: "Excepting members holding continuous membership for thirty years."
ft ft ft ft ft
ubmitted by Local Union 1049, Poplar Bluff, Missouri.
Amend Section 44, Paragraph C so that same shall read as follows: "Each Beneficial Local Union shall pay to the General Secretary $10.00 on each new lember admitted, excepting apprentices, also One and 25/100 ($1.25) dollars per month Dr each member in good standing. Sixty-five (65c) cents of which shall be used as a fund 3r the general management of the United Brotherhood and payment of all death and isability donations prescribed by the Constitution and Laws of the United Brotherhood, )gether with all legal demands made upon the United Brotherhood. The balance of Sixty
jiOc) cents, together with moneys received from new members to be placed in a special ind for 'Home and Pension' purposes."
\ ft ft ft ft ft
j)ubmitted by Local Union No. 122, Philadelphia, Pa.
Amend Section 44, Paragraph C to read as follows: f "Each Beneficial Local Union shall pay to the General Secretary $10.00 on each new jiember admitted, excepting apprentices, also One and 25/100 ($1.25) Dollars per month i3r each member in good standing. Sixty-five (65c) Cents of which shall be used as a lind for the general management of the United Brotherhood and payment of all death lad. disability donations prescribed by the Constitution and Laws of tlie United Brother- |ood together with all legal demands made upon the United Brotherhood. The balance of
(Continued on page 28)
11
^1
Editorial
Here We Go Again
World War III moved a big step closer when a well-organized and well- equipped communist army from North Korea last month unleashed a blitz against the independent, newly-formed sovereign state of Korea which was, set up with the will of the people and the blessings of the United Nations after the close of World War II. And all the profiteers, chiselers, and price gougers in this country immediately began licking their chops and dreaming of another big profit killing. Already prices have started spiraling upward as the profiteers start using the Korean war as an excuse for jacking up prices. Everything is set just right. The same old gang in Congress that opened the profit flood gates in 1946 by killing price controls is still in the saddle. They are the boys, the Tafts and the Wherrys and Cains, who told us emphatically that removal of price controls would result in lower prices in a short while. "Sure," they said, "prices might go up for a few weeks, but as soon as the old law of supply and demand takes hold again, prices will tumble to all-time lows." They killed price controls, but the law of supply and demand seems to have jumped the track somewhere. Apparently it has gotten stuck some- where around that corner where prosperity was hiding during Hoover's era. j Prices have never stopped climbing. ij
Already Taft has committed himself on price controls in the new war crisis.! He is for "voluntary" controls; that is, "let your conscience be your guide,'| despite the fact the recent war proved conclusively that profiteers have noli conscience. Another war would make the fabulous profits of the last wai look like peanuts; particularly if the Tafts have their way and succeed in blocking any and all efforts to hold profits within reasonable margins through something more effective than voluntarism. There is plenty of talk of control- ling wages; there is even some talk of controlling prices; but to date we have not heard a single word about controlling profits.
Labor holds no brief for government controls. Controls are exasperating un-American, and contrary to the spirit of freedom on which this nation ha; thrived. Under controls, the working people have always taken a licking anc: will probably do so in the future whenever controls go into effect. All during the last war the working people took it on the chin. The business interest; continually kept finding ways and means of evading price control. Clothing manufacturers reduced quality, food packers put smaller amounts of good; in their cans, manufacturers put useless gadgets on their products to wir price concessions. In a thousand different ways, manufacturers and packer; managed to increase their profits at the expense of the public. And to top r all, OPA only managed to serve as a partial brake on profits. The longer tht war went on the more loopholes the smart boys developed for winning price increases without actually breaking the law.
On the other hand, labor controls were comparatively rigid. During a gooc deal of the war millions upon millions of American workers were frozen t( their jobs regardless of the fact that in many instances they could get mor(
THE CARPENTER 25
money by taking a job in a plant across the street. Millions more worked at pitifully inadequate wages throughout the major part of the war simply be- cause the wage freeze was close to adamantine. Only when sheer desperation drove men to drastic action was the wage freeze breached here and there.
There is no doubt but that the profiteers are again licking their chops. War or no war, they are out to gouge the public as deeply as possible. Coffee is a case in point. During the last year coffee prices have more than doubled. Evidence uncovered by a Senate investigating committee indicates that profi- teering is mostly responsible. Certain money interests in the United States, working in collusion with the coffee producing countries, have sykrocketed prices through artificial rigging. The profits from price-boosting activities have not gone to the coffee growers. And certainly none of them has gone to the workers on coffee plantations who remain as poorly paid and as greatly exploited as they ever have been. But the speculators at home and in South America have reaped a golden harvest of profits. In peace or at war, the profiteers are busy devising ways and means of making the general public pay through the nose.
Controls are undesirable. However, if they become absolutely necessary, let them be real controls. Let them be controls that really control at all ends. But so long as men like Taft and Wherry and Cain remain in Congress, you can bet your bottom dollar any controls that do come will be as full of loop- holes for Big Business as many of our tax laws are. Our best bet is to send men like Taft back to their home bailiwicks in the November election.
Union Label Week — Coming Up ! This year Union Label Week was designated for September 2nd through the 9th by resolution unanimously adopted by the last conventions of both the American Federation of Labor and the Union Label Trades Department.
The AFL resolution read in part, "In all our promotional activities it is our desire to keep a constant reminder before members of labor unions, women's auxiliaries, their families and friends of the necessity of giving preference to Union Label goods and the patronage of Union services.
"We depend upon our friends all during the year to demand the Union Labels, Shop Cards and Union Buttons and we spearhead our campaigns by conducting a Union Label Week."
In every city and community in America, appropriate ceremonies should be planned at once to publicize Union Labels, Shop Cards and Union Buttons and to also promote the sale of Union-made goods and the use of all Union services. Union Label Week affords an excellent opportunity to build good will with all Americans and stimulate good relations with manufacturers, un- ionized industries, and other "fair" business establishments. In cooperation with merchants and other firms we should make this eight-day period the out- standing event of the year.
This year also marks the Centennial Celebration of the birth of Samuel Gompers, the founder of the American Federation of Labor. It will be fitting to have joint exercises and other activities to include both Union Label Week and commemoration of Samuel Gompers because he was an ardent advocate of the use of Union Labels, Shop Cards and Union Buttons.
26 THE CARPENTER
A Highly Important Decision
Recently New York Supreme Court Justice Ernest L. Hammer handed down a decision which is of prime importance to all organized labor. In clear and imderstandable language, the decision states that unions have the auth- ority to take disciplinary action against communists in their ranks if such is the will of the majority. Communism has long plagued many unions, less because of substantial Red membership and more because of the underhanded, deceitful, completely immoral methods communists employ to gain their ends. Year in and year out American unions have fought a valiant fight against Reds in their ranks. Various unions have used various methods in an eflFort to rid themselves of the disruptive Red elements in their midst. However, the fight has always been an uphill one. Communists have been quick to resort to the very "capitalistic" courts against which they rant and rail in the normal course of events. Our courts, ever mindful of the personal freedoms embodied in the constitution, have leaned over backwards on the matter of minority rights. The benefit of the doubt has usually gone to the weaker side, which is well in keeping with American tradition.
However, the decision by Justice Hammer sets a new precedent. For the first time a court upholds the rights of a labor union to take disciplinary action, including expulsion from membership, against individual members on the sole and specific ground that they are communists. Heretofore communists have managed to cloud the issue every time they have faced disciplinary union action. Technicalities and legal shenanigans have been their stock in trade. Always they have managed to hide behind the very United States Constitu- tion they are trying to destroy. The question of whether or not unions have a right to protect themselves against the disruptive, destructive tactics of com- munist members has never come before the court as a clear cut issue.
But Justice Hammer's decision has changed all that. Without mincing words, the New York jurist determines that the Communist Party is not a political party in the accepted sense of the word. He further finds that union members who join the Communist Party do so of their own volition and that when they become party members they become subject to disciplinary action by the union because they no longer support "the society in the attainment of its proper purposes. . . ."
The case in question arose in New York where District 9 of the Brother- hood of Painters was in control of a few communists for a number of years prior to 1947. The Reds in the union were headed by Louis ^^^einstock who was openly a member of the national board of the Communist Party at the time. In December, 1949 charges were brought in the District Council against Weinstock and two of his henchmen under Section 107 of the Painters con- stitution which authorizes disciplinary action against members who promote subversive philosophies. The defendants instituted action in the New York Supreme Court to have their expulsion declared illegal. As usual, attorneys for the expeUed members tried to wrrap the flag around their clients. The attorneys argued that the expulsions violated the constitutional rights of the plaintiffs to hold whatever political beliefs they choose. On the other hand, attorneys for the union argued that as a voluntary association the union has a right to set up conditions under which membership may be gained or lost.
THE CARPENTER 27
Agreeing with the union's contentions, Justice Hammer covered this point in the following manner:
"Section 107 of the Brotherhood constitution in no way interferes with the rights of the plaintiffs to hold or express any views or to be- long to any organizations with which they choose to affiliate themselves.
"Their own acts and not those of the union made them members of the Communist Party, an organization declared by the union to be hostile to its fundamental purposes. Their own acts of disloyalty to their union, the defendant, subjected each of them to discipline. * * * A labor union has the power to expel a member for failure to support 'the society in the attainment of its proper purposes.' * * *
"The basic fallacy in plaintiffs' argument concerning interference with their political beliefs is their assumption that as members of the Communist Party they have standing identical with members of other political parties. * * * The main object of the Communist Party * * * is the overthrow by force, if required, of the government of the United States and of its Constitution and laws and the substitu- tion in place thereof of the Soviet Communistic totalitarian dictator- ship."
Judge Hammer's decision, although only a single decision in the high court of one state, sets an important precedent. If the thinking behind it becomes general in our other courts, the way is open for unions to rid themselves of Red elements who do not and never have had any interest in elevating the wages and working conditions of working people but rather only a fanatical zeal in furthering the arbitrary dictatorial edicts of the Kremlin.
Machines Take Jobs of 'Men and Mules' "Men and mules" are being chased out of the cotton fields by machines, reports a business writer who made a survey of the "Cotton Belt" from coast to coast.
The machines are huge mechanical "pickers" and "strippers" which work much faster than human hands, and cut the cost of producing cotton by as much as $40 a bale. They are so expensive that small farmers cannot buy them, but are being used more and more by the big plantation owners, par- ticularly "in the Mississippi delta, the blacklands of Texas, and in California."
The business writer shows no concern over the fate of the "men and mules" displaced by these machines, nor about the small farmers who can neither buy the machines nor compete with them.
Yet it seems "plain as the nose on your face" that, though this mechaniza- tion of cotton-field drudgery could be a blessing to mankind, it is creating serious problems for the South and the entire nation.
28 THE CARPENTER
(Continued front page 23)
Sixty (60c) Cents, together with moneys received from new members to be placed in a special fund for 'Home and Pension' purposes."
a o e a «
By Local Union 385, New York, New York.
Amend Section 44, Paragraph C to read:
"Each beneficial Local L^nion shall pay to the General Secretar>' "SIO.OO" on each new member admitted, excepting apprentices, also "One Dollar and t\vent>--five cents" per month for each member in good standing. Sixty-five (65c) cents of which shall be used as a fund for the general management of the United Brotherhood and pajTnent of all death and disability donations prescribed by the Constitution and Laws of the L'nited Brother- hood, together with all legal demands made upon the United Brotherhood. The balance of "Sixty (60c) cents," together with moneys received from new members, to be placed in a special fund for 'Home and Pension' pxirposes."
# a » * *
By Local Union 2046, Martinez, California.
Amend Section 44, Paragraph C by inserting the following: "Excepting members holding continuous membership for thirty years."
By Local Union 103, Birmingham, Alabama.
Amend Section 44, Paragraph C of the General Laws so that same shall read as follows: "Each Beneficial Local Union shall pay to the General Secretary SIO.OO on each new member admitted, excepting apprentices, also One and 25/100 (SI. 25) Dollars per month for each member in good standing, Sixt\'-five (65c) Cents of which shall be used as a fund for the general management of the United Brotlierhood and pa\Tnent of all death and disabiht>' donations prescribed by the Constitution and Laws of the United Brother- hood together with all legal demands made upon the United Brotherhood. The balance of SLxty (60c) Cents, together with moneys received from new members to be placed in a special fund for 'Home and Pension' pirrposes." (The proposed amendment by Local Union 103 has been endorsed by several Local Unions)
By Local Union 141, Chicago, Illinois.
Amending Section 44, Paragraph C by inserting "60c" instead of the present "35c" as specified in the said Section and Paragraph on Page 38, Line 4 so as to read:
"Each beneficial Local Union shall pay to the General Secretary- "S5.00" on each new member admitted, excepting apprentices, also "One Dollar and twent>--five cents" per month for each member in good standing, Sbdy-five (65cj cents of which shall be used as a fund for the general management of the United Brotherhood and pajinent of all death and disabiht\' donations prescribed by the Constitution and Laws of the L'nited Brother- hood, together with all legal demands made upon the United Brotherhood. The balance of "Sixt>" (60c) cents," togetlier with moneys received from new members, to be placed in a special fund for 'Home and Pension' purposes."
By Local Union 241, Moline, Illinois.
Amending Section 44, Paragraph C to read as follows:
"Each Beneficial Local Union shall pay to the General Secretary SIO.OO on each new member admitted, excepting apprentices, also One and 25/100 (SI. 25) Dollars per month for each member in good standing, SLxty-five (65c) Cents of which shall be used as a fund for the general management of the United Brotherhood and pa>'ment of aU death and disability donations prescribed by the Constitution and Laws of the United Brother- hood, together with all legal demands made upon the United Brotlierhood. The balance of SLxty (60c) Cents, together vA\h moneys received from new members to be placed in a special fund for 'Home and Pension' purposes." - '-
THE CARPENTER 29
By Local Union 744, Red Lodge, Montana.
Amend Section 44, Paragraph C of the General Laws so that same shall read as follows:
"Each beneficial Local Union shall pay to the General Secretary $10.00 on each new member admitted, excepting apprentices, also One and 25/100 ($1.25) Dollars per month for each member in good standing. Sixty-five (65c) Cents of which shall be used as a fund for the general management of the United Brotherhood and payment of all death and disability donations prescribed by the Constitution and Laws of the United Brotherhood, together with all legal demands made upon the United Brotherhood. The balance of Sixty (60c) Cents together with moneys received from new members to be placed in a special fund for 'Home and Pension' purposes."
Submitted by Local Union 1426, Elyria, Ohio, adding Paragraph C to Section 47 to read as follows:
"A member of one year or more who because of sickness or accident is unable to work, may apply for a sick leave card, providing he furnish a statement from his doctor and his application is approved by the Local Executive Board. He may at a futvue date be re- instated to his former status. Dues of Honorary members during this period to be fifty cents per month and of beneficial and semi-beneficial to be one dollar per month. Sick cards shall be furnished by the General Secretary on application of the Local Union on payment of twenty-five cents for each card."
Submitted by Local Union 2554, Lebanon, Oregon.
Section 48, Paragraph A, first and second sentences be amended to read:
"On the death of a member in good standing, his or her spouse, or legal heirs as named on his application, shall be entitled to the member's funeral donation as prescribed in the Constitution and Laws of the United Brotherhood. A member may change his beneficiary provided, the change is made to spouse or blood relative."
Submitted by Local Union 254, Cleveland, Ohio. Amending Section 48, Paragraphs A, B and C.
A. "On the death of a member in good standing, if married and living with his wife or husband the claim shall be paid to the widow or widower otlierwise the claim shall be paid to his or her legal, blood relative, his or her estate or undertaker, as prescribed in tlie Constitution and Laws of the United Brotherhood. A member may change his or her bene- ficiary provided the change shall be made to wife or husband or blood relative. Such change shall be made on blank form to be furnished Local Unions by the General Secretary. The member making a change of beneficiary shall sign the form of change in tlie presence of President and Recording Secretary of his or her Local Union, who shall sign as witnesses; provided however, if said member is not in the jurisdiction of his or her Local Union at time change is made, then he or she can have same sworn to before a Notary Public or any oflBcer autliorized to administer oaths.
B. If a member in good standing dies without leaving any legal heirs, the Local Union shall see him or her respectably interred. The officers or a committee of the Local Union shall attend his or her funeral and the United Brotherhood shall pay the funeral expenses, but in no case shall these expenses exceed the full amount of donation to which the mem- ber is entitled at time of death, nor shall the United Brotherhood be held liable for any further donations in the name of tlie deceased.
C. In the case of any member whose disability or death is caused by intemperance or his or her own improper conduct, or by any accident or disease incurred previous to join- ing the United Brotherhood, or by exposing himself or herself to risks to which men and women in the carpentry industry are not usually liable, neither he nor she nor any person for him or her shall have any claim on the funds of the United Brotherhood."
No change in Paragraph D.
30 THE CARPENTER
Submitted by Local Union 254, Cleveland, Ohio.
Amending Section 49, Paragraphs A, B and D to read as follows:
A. "A beneficial member to be entitled to donations must be not less than seventeen and not over sixty years of age at the time of admission to membership, and, vi^hen he or she joined must have been in sound health and not afflicted with any disease or subject to any complaint likely to endanger his or her health or cause permanent disability."
B. "A beneficial member will be entitled to the donations as prescribed in the Constitution and Laws of the United Brotherhood; provided he or she is over one year a contributing or financial member in good standing, and when three months in arrears he or she shall be debarred from all donations until three months after alL arrearages are paid in full, includ- ing the current month."
D. "An apprentice or candidate between the ages of fifty and sixty years of age when admitted to membership shall be entitled to the donations on condition that they have been a member the required length of time and that they were in good health at time of their initiation, and in good standing at the time of death, provided, however they are over two years contributing or financial members in good standing, and when owing a sum equal to three months dues they shall be debarred from all donations until three months after all arrearages are paid in full, which payment must include the payment of dues for the month in which tlie payment is made. They shall not be entitled to wife or husband or disability donations for apprentices and members admitted between the ages of fifty and sixty years shall be the same as at present.
No change in Paragraph C.
« « « « #
By Central Oregon District Council, Bend, Oregon.
Proposing to amend Section 49, Paragraph C, which reads, "Donations for journeymen between the ages of twenty-one and fifty years shall be," to read, "Donations for journey- men between the ages of twenty-one and sixty years shall be."
And further proposing to eliminate Paragraph D entirely.
Submitted by Local Union 2554, Lebanon, Oregon.
Section 49, Paragraph D, second sentence shall be amended to read: "They shall not be entitled to spouse or disabiUty donations."
Submitted by Local Union 1746, Portland, Oregon.
Proposing to amend Section 50 by substituting the words "his (or her) spouse" for and whenever tlie words "his wife" now appears, substituting the word "spouse" wherever the word "wife" appears.
I
By Local Union 2812, Missoula, Montana.
Amending Section 50 which is captioned "Wife Funeral Donation" to read "Wife or Husband Funeral Donation" and that any odier reference to a member's wife shall be changed to read "Wife or Husband."
Submitted by Local Union 2554, Lebanon, Oregon. Section 50 shall be amended by being entitled: "SPOUSE FUNERAL DONATION."
n
Submitted by Local Union 2554, Lebanon, Oregon.
Section 50, Paragraph A shall be amended to read:
"A beneficial member between the ages of twenty-one and fifty years at the time of admission to membership, or a member who has been transferred from the classification of apprentice to journeyman, lawfully married, shall, on the death of his spouse, be entitled to the spouse funeral donation as prescribed in tlie Constitution and Laws of the United
THE CARPENTER 31
Brotherhood, on condition that his spouse was sound in health at the time of his admission to membership; provided however, when he owes a sum equal to three months' dues, he shall be debarred from all donations until three months after all arrearages are paid in full, which payment must include the payment of dues for the month in which the pay- ment is made."
« o «t » «
Submitted by Local Union 254, Cleveland, Ohio.
Amend Section 50, Paragraphs A, B and C to read as follows:
A. "A beneficial member, between the ages of twenty-one and fifty years at time of admission to membership, or a member who has been transferred from the classification of apprentice to journeyman lawfully married, shall, on the death of his wife or her husband be entitled to the wife or husband funeral donation as prescribed in the Constitution and Laws of the United Brotherhood, on condition that his wife or her husband was sound in health at the time of his or her admission to membership; provided however, when he or she owes a sum equal to three months dues, he or she shall be debarred from all dona- tions until three months after all arrearages are paid in full, which payment must include the pajonent of dues for the month in which the payment is made."
B. "An Applicant eligible to beneficial membership, if married, whose wife or husband is in ill health may be admitted, but in the event of her or his death he or she shall not be entitled to the wife or husband funeral donation. Should the wife or husband be sick at the time her husband or wife joins the Local Union then said wife or husband shall after she or he becomes well, be examined by a physician, who shall furnish a certificate of health to the Local Union."
C. "All rules and provisions as to health and conduct applying to claims for a members funeral donation shall apply to a claim for a wife or husbands funeral donation for one wife or husband only."
No change in Paragraph D.
* * * » #
By Local Union 1020, Portland, Oregon.
Amend Section 50, Paragraphs A, B, C and D.
The word "spouse" be substituted wherever the word "wife" appears.
« « « # «
By District Council of Portland, Oregon and Vicinity. Amend Section 50, Paragraphs A, B, C and D. The word "spouse" be substituted wherever the word "wife" appears.
« * » » »
Submitted by Local Union 2554, Lebanon, Oregon.
Section 50, Paragraph B to be amended to read:
"An applicant eligible to beneficial membership, if married, whose spouse is in ill health, may be admitted, but in tlie event of spouse's death he shall not be entitled to the spouse funeral donation. Should the spouse be sick at the time his or her wife or husband joins the Local Union, then said spouse shall, after he or she becomes well, be examined by a physician, who shall furnish a certificate of health to tlie Local Union."
C » « (S »
Submitted by Local Union 2554, Lebanon, Oregon.
Section 50, Paragraph C to be amended as follows:
"All rules and provisions as to healdi and conduct applying to a claim for a member's funeral donation shall apply to a claim for a spouse's funeral donation for one spouse only,"
« « ft « «
Submitted by Local Union 2554, Lebanon, Oregon.
Section 50, Paragraph D, first sentence shall be amended to read: "The spouse funeral donation shall be."
32 THECARPEXTER
HOME AND PENSION
Resolutions from Local Union 106, Des Moines, Iowa and Local L'nion 218, Boston, Massachusetts were substantiated by a number of Local L'nions and Resolutions from Local L'nion 132, Washington, D. C. and Local Union 854, Cinciimati, Ohio, proposing amend- ments were referred by the General Executive Board to the Constitution Committee.
The said Resolutions and Amendments proposed are in reference to the abo\"e cap- tioned.
s * £ « a
Submitted by the Pennsylvania State Council of Carpenters, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Section 54, Paragraph A, on line 1 strike out "65" and insert "60" so as to read: "A member shall not be less than 60 years of age to be eUgible to the Home or Pen- sion."
* s * s *
Submitted by Local Union 93, Ottawa, Ont., Canada through the Ontario Pro^"incial Comicil.
Section 54, Page 47, Line 1, Paragraph A.
On Line 1 strike out "65" and insert "60" so as to read:
"A member shall not be less than 60 years of age to be ehgible to the Home or Pen- sion."
By Local Union 103, Birmingham, Alabama.
Amend Section 54, Paragraph D of the General Laws so as to make it read as follows: "A member not wishing to avail himself of the pri%"ilege of entering the Home may apply for a Pension to be not less than Thirty (830.00) Dollars per month, payable quar- terly." (The proposed amendment by Local Union 103 has been endorsed by several Local L'nions.)
c a 5 S i
Local L'nion 87, St. Paul, Minnesota, proposes to to amend Section 54, Paragraph D by inserting that the "quarterly pensions shall be the sum of S90.00."
By Local Union 385, Xew York, Xew York.
Amend Section 54, Paragraph D by inserting "S30.00" per month instead of the "815.00" per month.
Balance of Paragraph to remain the same.
Submitted by Local Union 122, Philadelphia, Permsylvania.
Amend Section 54, Paragraph D of our General Laws to read as follows: "A member not wishing to avail himself of the privilege of entering the Home may apply for a Pension to be not less than Thirty (S30.00) Dollars per month, payable quar- terly."
« * « « 3
By Local Union 141, Chicago, Illinois.
Proposing to amend Section 54, Paragraph D by deleting present "S15.00" per month and inserting "825.00" per month.
a « * a s
By Local L'nion 241, MoHne, Illinois.
Amending Section 54, Paragraph D to read as follows:
"A member not %\"ishing to avail himself of the privilege of entering the Home may apply for a Pension to be not less than Thirt>- (.830. 00) Dollars per month, payable quar- terly."
THE CARPENTER 33
By Local Union 742, Decatur, Illinois.
Amend Section 54, Paragraph D of the General Laws so as to make it read as follows: "A member not wishing to avail himself of the privilege of entering the Home may apply for a Pension to be not less than Thirty ($30.00) Dollars per month, payable quar- terly."
By Local Union 744, Red Lodge, Montana.
Amend Section 54, Paragraph D so as to read as follows:
"A member not wishing to avail himself of the privilege of entering the Home may apply for a Pension to be not less than Thirty ($30.00) Dollars per month, payable quarterly."
# Or » # *
Submitted by Local Union 1049, Poplar Bluff, Missouri.
Amend Section 54, Paragraph D to read as follows:
"A member not wishing to avail himself of the privilege of entering the Home may apply for a Pension to be not less than Thirty ($30.00) Dollars per month, payable quar- terly."
# # » # »
Local Union 951, Brainerd, Minnesota.
Amend Section 54, Paragraph H, Page 48:
"A Beneficial or Semi-Beneficial member who qualifies under Paragraph A of this Sec- tion may apply, through his Local, for a Paid-Up Life Membership thereby relieving him from paying further dues and the Local Union from paying per capita tax to the United
Brotherhood."
« « # * *
By Local Union 2046, Martinez, California.
Amend Section 54, Paragraph H of our General Laws to read as follows: "A member who quahfies under Paragraph A and B of this Section shall receive a paid up life membership thereby relieving him from paying further dues and the Local Uruon from paying per capita tax to the United Brotherhood on him. If said member receives State aid in those States where the amount of pension paid by the Brotherhood is deducted from the State pension, he shall so notify the Local Union thereby relieving the United Brotherhood from paying the pension as long as this condition exists."
s » » a *
Submitted by Local Union 1940, Kitchener, Ont., Canada.
Amend Section 59, Paragraph A after the word "permit" to read:
"At the rate of not less than $20.00 a week."
Then amended Section would read as follows:
"Strikes inaugurated and conducted according to the following rules may be sanctioned by the General Executive Board and financial aid extended to the extent that the funds of the United Brotherhood will permit, at the rate of not less than $20.00 a week. All trade movements to be first submitted to the General Secretary."
« * * # #
By Local Union 571, Carnegie, Pennsylvania.
Amend Section 59, Paragraph I to read as follows:
"The Schedule of Inquiries must be filed with the General Secretary for submission to the General Executive Board at least 30 days prior to the date the trade demand is to go into effect."
« * » * *
By Local Union 316, San Jose, California.
FUNERAL DONATIONS
The amendment is as follows:
"That all our General Laws regarding Funeral Donations be amended by doubling all Funeral Donations and increasing the per capita tax fifty cents (50c) per member per month."
iirt znttntfviittn
Not lost to those that love them. They still live in our memory.
Not dead; just gone before; And will forever more
K^si in Intact
Tht Editor has been requested to publish the names of the following Brothers who have passed avDay.
Brother E. B. AMMERMAN, Local No. 1272, Seattle, Wash. , Brother GEORGE T. ANDERSON, Local No. 1587, Hutchinson, Kans. Brother CLARENCE BIGGS, Local No. 200, Columbus, Ohio. Brother ARTHUR J. BOUFFARD, Local No. 824, Muskegon, Mich. Brother KARL BRIM, Local No. 1367, Chicago, III. Brother ERNEST BUIKE, Local No. 322, Niagara Falls, N. Y. Brother BARNEY CLARK, Local No. 81, Erie, Pa. Brother EINAR DAHL, Local No. 357, Islip, N. Y. Brother GOTTFRIED DIETRICHSON, Local No. 337, Detroit, Mich. Brother JOHN DURR, Local No. 4-88, New York, N. Y. Brother PETER EGGERS, Local No. 115, Bridgeport, Conn. Brother .4LFRED ENGLUND, Local No. 241, Moline, III. Brother GEORGE T. ENOCH, Local No. 665, Amarillo, Texas. Brother CHARLES R. EVANS, Local No. 322, Niagara Falls, N. Y. Brother ALTERIO GRANDIOLINI, Local No. 261, Scranton, Pa. Brother CH.A.S. H. HALSTEAD, Local .No. 60, Indianapolis, Ind. Brother EUGENE HANSEN, Local No. 488, .New York, N. Y. Brother JAMES HEI.N, Local No, 33, Boston, Mass. Brother J. L. HIGGINBOTHAM, Local No. 627, Jacksonville, Fla. Brother GEORGE JOHNSON, Local .No. 488, New York, N. Y. Brother ANDREW KALLIO, Local No. 488, New York, N. Y. Brother J. O. LAXSON, Sr., Local No. 109, Sheffield, Ala. Brother MEYER LEPOFSKY, Local .No. 488, New York, N. Y. Brother WILBUR M. LUCIA, Local No. 281, Binghamton, N. Y. Brother C. E. .MC VAY, Local No. 200, Columbus, Ohio. Brother CH.ARLES H. MASHON, Local No. 33, Boston, Mass. Brother LYNN L. M.^TTHEWS, L. U. No. 281, Binghamton, N. Y. Brother JOHN .MORTEN, L. U. No. 1606, Omaha, Nebr. Brother HORACE .M. NEWBURY, L. U. No. 30, New London, Conn. Brother H. G. NOBLES, L. U. No. 144, Macon, Ga. Brother JAMES P.ALMERT, L. U. No. 608, New York, N. Y. Brother VALENTINE POIRIER, L. U. No. 33, Boston, Mass. Brother JOH.N H. POTTS, L. U. No. 29, Cincinnati, Ohio Brother LEON A. PRICE, L. U. .No. 1449, Lansing, .Mich. Brother WILLIAM J. ROPER, L. U. No. 33, Boston, .Mass. Brother JOHN A. SEIG. L. U. No. 1212, Coffeyville, Kans. Brother ROBERT R. SMALL, L. U. No. 2288, Los Angeles, Calif. Brother PETER STEEXE, L. U. No. 608, New York, N. Y. Brother FORDYCE P. WHITAKER, L. U. .No. 281, Binghajnton, .N. Y. Brother ROY A. \MLLBORN, L. U. No. 1822, Fort Worth, Texas Brother W. C. WO.N.N, L. U. No. 1822, Fort Worth, Texas
THE LOCKER
By JOHN HART, Local Union 366, New York, N. Y.
The postal information given here is necessarily brief. More detailed information will, of covirse, be gladly furnished by your post office. Postal laws and regulations are very interesting. Consider tliis one: "For sanitary reasons postal clerks shall hand stamps to purchaser so that the gummed side does not contact the underside of the window." You will admit it was a very good law. Too bad we have no room to acquaint you with a few
|
Jas. B. Gordon 173 |
|
|
115 So. Fifth Ave. |
|
|
Midtown 8, Calif. |
|
|
SPECIAL DELIVERY |
VIA Am MAIL |
|
Local Union 4450 |
|
|
2217-26th St. |
|
|
Sheffield 16, |
|
|
Minnesota |
|
|
Attention: |
|
|
J. A. Harris, B. A. |
ADDRESS— This is the way the Post Office Department would like to see an envelope addressed. Return address compactly written in upper left corner and nowhere else. Mr. or Miss not necessary, but Mrs. or other titles can be used. When sent special delivery write these words in Capitals. On all air mail not sent in regular air mail envelopes write VIA AIR MAIL. Address should be the indented or oblique form as shown. A separate line for name, street, city and state. Postal zone number is a must requirement in large cities. This oblique style is readily distinguished, and if a pen is used, it might as well be written this way. When t>^ewriter is used, the block form, as shown in the return address, is more easily written, and this style is generally adopted. P. O. reads an address from the bottom up, state, city, etc. If the state is misread the letter is started oflE wrong. Spell the state name in full if the abbreviation might be mistaken for another. Miss., Mass. and Minn, could very well be wrongly read when written in script. The dash after 2217 is to separate distinctly the house number from the street number. Instructions, Please Forward or Attention: are written in lower left corner. The lower right quarter is reserved for the address only. That 173 in the retinrn address could be the sender's L.P. mmiber. Your Financial Secretary would like that.
INCORRECT ADDRESS— A letter returned because of wrong address cannot be re- mailed as is, after correction. A new envelope must be used. But mail which has been sent back for better direction or lack of postage may be remailed in the same envelope after correction. Letters opened in error should be so marked, initialed by the opener, resealed and put back in the mail. Undelivered first class mail with no return address goes to the Dead Letter office where it is opened to ascertain the sender's address. The charge for returning such mail is 5 cents and you pay in cash. So don't omit the return address.
STAMPS— When one stamp overlaps another the under one does not count. A cancella- tion mark may be hidden. The stamps of postals or stamped envelopes cannot be cut out and used for postage. Air mail stamps must be used only on matter sent air mail. Which means they can be used for special delivery or registered mail charges on air mail letters. Spoiled or misprinted postals or stamped envelopes may be redeemed for three-quarters their value, paid in stamps etc. No cash. If printed, the redeemer must declare he was the original purchaser and authorized to dispose of them. The P. O. issues no receipts for stamps bought, but if the buyer has a prepared bill ready, it will be stamped as paid. For efficiency use stamps of the highest denomination. When several stamps are used where one might do, they take longer to cancel, to count and cost more to make. Never use mutilated stamps. The P. O. is fussy about that.
POSTAL CARDS— The stamped card sold by the P. O. is a postal card. An unstamped card is a post card. Both are considered first class mail. If you wish, one-third of the left address side of a postal may be used for correspondence. Contrary to some beliefs, it is
36 THE CARPENTER
quite lawful to notify by postal card of any coming arrears or accounts due. However, it is unlawful to solicit by this metliod overdue accounts etc. This is considered to be dun- ning, and dunning or the use of defamaton,' remarks on postals or post cards is forbidden. Reply postals are two stamped cards folded togetlier. One may be detached by the addressee and used to reply. Reply cards might be sometimes used when requesting in- formation.
AIR MAIL— Ordinary stamps may be used for air mail. The fee is 6 cents per ounce for delivery in U. S. territors'. Same fee is good for Canada. Anj^thing mailable may be sent air mail except articles liable to damage by freezing. Postals or post cards require only 4 cents postage. All air mail should be so marked conspicuously for quick identification, except when air mail envelopes are used. The P. O. sells air letter sheets for 10 cents each which are delivered anj^where in the world. One side is blank for correspondence. The other side is prestamped and marked with air mail identification. After the letter is written it is folded into the form of an envelope and sealed. No enclosiures are permitted. If anything is inserted it goes as ordinary mail. This cheap air mail service is unknown to many who could appreciably use it.
REGISTERED MAIL— This is a certain way to assure yourself of the delivery of im- portant mail. Minimimi charge is 25 cents plus the regular postage. To make sure it has been received a reply receipt is bought for an additional 5 cents. This is signed by the person who receives the letter, and the P. O. returns it to the sender. R. M. may of course be sent air mail and special delivery.
SPECIAL DELIVERY— Any domestic mail may be sent S. D. The minimum fee is 15 cents plus tlie regular postage. Ordinary stamps may be used. Mark all such mail SPECIAL DELIVERY. This mail is delivered on Saturdays, Sundays and all holidays, and in large cities between 7 a.m. and 11 p.m. For fast ser\dce use special delivery on air mail. This is a P. O. recommendation.
POSTAL NOTES— This cheap and eflScient method of paying bills by mail is not too well known. Postal notes are issued in any amount up to $10.00 for a set fee of 8 cents each. If more than $10.00 is required enough notes may be bought to make up the amount. UnHke money orders, no application has to be made out. They are filled in by the purchaser, and a receipt coupon is attached which may be removed and kept for reference. Postal notes should be cashed within two months. If not, a duplicate must be applied for. After one year they are uncashable. A $10.00 P. N. costs 8 cents. A P. M. O. would cost 15 cents.
POSTAL SAVINGS— Any person over 10 years may open an account. Joint accounts or organization accounts are not accepted. If your local P. O. has no savings department you may use the facilities of a nearby one by mail. The interest has always been 2 per cent since the system started. Deposits from one dollar up are taken, but no fractions of a dollar* No bank book is involved. Certificates to the value of deposit are issued. When withdrawal is required, certificates to tlie amount of sum needed are signed and presented at the P. O. where account is kept. Limit of deposits is $2500.00. Only one account for each person is allowed. A married person's account is free from interference from husband or wife. Total Postal Savings deposits: About 3% billions.
RECALL OF MALL- After mail has been dropped in mail box, it may be recalled by making application at the local P. O., and presenting a duplicate envelope for identifica- tion. If letter has already been dispatched, it may be recalled by telegram sent by the P. O. if tlie recaller pays tlie cost. No mail can be recalled by telephone. The addressee is never notified by the P. O. of such recall.
CHANGE OF ADDRESS— You may notify yoiu: P. O. on card suppHed for that purpose of your new address. They will forward your mail for a period of two years afterwards. The occupant of yoxir old address should not be depended upon to do this. If the Post Office is willing, let them do it.
|
$2.00 worth of postal supplies |
||||||||
|
1- |
-book of 12 3-cent |
stamps |
.37 |
3- |
-special delivery |
stamps |
.45 |
|
|
1- |
-book of 24 1-cent |
stamps |
.25 |
5- |
-reply postals |
.10 |
||
|
6- |
-3 cent stamped envelopes |
(small) |
.21 |
10- |
-postals |
.10 |
||
|
6- |
-3 cent stamped envelopes |
(large) |
.22 |
|
||||
|
5- |
-air mail stamps |
.30 |
Total |
$2.00 |
CorrospondoncQ
This Journal is Not Responsible for Views Expressed by Correspondents.
50 FOR 620
Among the local unions which achieved their golden anniversaries this year is Local No. 620 of Vineland, N. J., often mentioned as the most beautiful city in southern New Jersey. Recently Local No. 620 celebrated its fiftieth birthday with a fine banquet and social eve- ning at Orchard Road Hall. A fine attendance was on hand to make the event a gala one. Wonderful food— including specially baked ham, salmon, salad, and plenty of home- made relishes and cakes— made the banquet one to be remembered for a long time. At the head table sat all members with thirty or more years of membership to their credit together with the officers of the union and the invited guests. Members and their wives and families taxed the capacity of the hall.
Gunnar Racklund, business agent, acted as master of ceremonies for the evening and turned in a very creditable job. After all had done their full duty at the table, old-time songs were sung and a few brief but highly interesting talks were made. Following this, the tables were moved to the basement and dancing got under way. Many a member who dragged his bones up and down a scaffold all week kicked up his heels like a young colt to the waltz, polka and schottische tunes. The party did not break up until a very late hour and all who attended departed with a feeling of well being and pride in Local No. 620. The arrangement committee— with a great deal of help from the Ladies Auxiliary- did a fine job and a sincere vote of appreciation was extended to both.
•
MANCHESTER LOCAL HONORS GRADUATES
In the presence of a large group of union brothers and friends, sixteen young men of Manchester, N. H., received their journeymen certificates on the night of April 25th at the second annual graduation banquet sponsored by Local Union No. 625 and held in Boucher's Tea Room.
Those apprentices receiving certificates were: Maurice Belcourt, Henri J. Lessard, Andre Gelinas, Leo A. Ladieu, Albert H. Racicot, Arniand J. Dumont, Alphee O. Lavallee, Julien J. Blais, Gerard J. Morin, Roland Marston, Frank I. Ladieu, Jr., Kenneth Howell, Leonard Loiselle, Leo A. Messier, John T. McCabe, Roland G. St. Pierre.
One of tlie apprentices, Alphee O. Lavallee received his diploma from his father, Josaphat Lavallee, a member of the Carpenters' Union and a former business agent. The Mayor presented the diploma to the father who in turn pre- sented it to his son. President Hopcroft remarked that he in turn should present a diploma later to his son (Lavallee's small boy.)
Those seated at the head table com- prised the following: Rev. George R. Kilcoyne; Mayor Josaphat T. Benoit; President Jack Hopcroft; Business Agent Louis Israel Martel; Recording Secretary John Driesse; W. G. Couser, chief educa- tion and training section at the V. A.; Clifton Dustin, principal of N. H. Technical In- stitute in Manchester, and Alphonse Dulac, member of the Apprentice Committee of Local No. 625.
Short addresses by the Reverend Kilcoyne, Mayor Benoit and several others con- gratulated tlie young graduate journeymen on tlieir successful completion of apprentice- ship. Mayor Benoit presented the certificates to tlie graduates and Jack Hopcroft, president of the union, acted as master of ceremonies.
38
THE CARPENTER
\nSSOURI STATE COUNCIL CELEBRATES GOMPERS BIRTHDAY
In connection with its Twelfth Annual Convention, the Missouri State Council of Carpenters gave a banquet in celebration of the 100th Anniversary of the birthday of Sam Gompers in Kansas Cit>', Missouri, on May 13th, 1950. The affair was a huge success and was crowded to excess. A large portrait of Gompers adorned the platform.
President Mack of Kansas Cit>', Missouri Carpenters' District Council, was toastmaster. In a neat speech, he said: "This celebration is given in recognition of the 100th birthday of Sam Gompers, in his time President of the American Federation of Labor for nearly half a centuj}', and as we have an old timer with us who knew him well and worked with him, I leave it to General Secretary Emeritus Frank Duffy to tell you the stor}'."
Brother Duffy said, in part: "At the last Convention of the A. F. of L., held in St. Paul, Minn., in 1949, it was decided that the 100th Anniversary of the birthday of Samuel Gompers be suitably celebrated in 1950. Glad you are doing your part.
"Sam was an old friend and an old pal of mine. We worked together in the Labor Movement. We were oflBcers in the A. F. of L. for years. He was President of the A. F. of L., I was a Vice-President. Since there is only eleven years' difference in our ages, I think I should know a lot about him.
"I Joined a Carpenters' Union in Xew York Cit>' sixt\'-one years ago. I soon became acquainted with tlie leaders, Pete McGuire and Gabe Edmonston of the Carpenters. Sam
Gompers of the Cigar Makers, T. \'. Powderley of the Knights of Labor and many others. So I should know whereof I speak.
"When you speak of Pete McGuire and Sam Gompers, you can't help talking about the American Federation of Labor; its birth, gro\^'th, advancement and progress. That is ancient history but \ery interesting to all.
"It was first known as The Federation of the Organized Trades and Labor Unions of the United States and Canada but it did not grow and de\"elop as it was expected. Pete McGuire reorganized it in 1886 at Columbus, Ohio, and its name was there and then changed to the American Federation of Labor. Sam Gompers was elected President, Pete McGuire, Secretarj^, and Gabe Edmonston, Treasutrer.
"With the exception of one year in its early days, Gompers was elected President imtil his death in 1924."
Duffy wound up his splendid address by sajdng: "Gompers was a great man, a wonder- ful fellow, a great organizer, a great orator and an able WTiter. He was Labor's spokesman, Labor's statesman. Pohtical office did not appeal to him, either elective or appointive. He would not leave the Labor movement under any consideration.'
In concluding the ceremonies. President Mack said: "Brother Duff>" told us more about the Labor movement than we ever knew. It was a source of pleasure and education to us and we are deeply grateful to him for the magnificent address he gave us."
THE CARPENTER
39
RICHMOND HONORS GRADUATING APPRENTICES
To pay tribute to a large graduating class of apprentices, the Richmond, Virginia Area, Carpenters Joint Apprenticeship Committee recently staged a fine graduation dinner at the William Byrd Hotel. A fine attendance was on hand to watch the keen group of young men reap the fruits of their years' effort. Certificates of completion were awarded to the apprenticeship graduates by Mr. L. Gordon Sheain, State Apprenticeship Council. R. H. Wilson acted as master of ceremonies. W. H. Deirhoi, Assistant superintendent of Rich- mond schools spoke on "A Craftsman's Place In Our Society."
The Joint Apprenticeship committee was inaugurated in Richmond some five years ago. Consisting of three members from the employers and an equal number from the union, the committee has done a good job. Representing employers on the committee are James A. Moncure, H. E. Boyle and L. A, Blackburn. Union representatives are L. L.
Reading from left at top— for each row; John E. Catlett, Robert A. Eades, Elwin A. Moore, Arthur F. Griggs, James G. Sharp, Jr., Willie R. Byrd, J. E. Bartleson, R. C. Miller, Bureau of Apprentice Tmg., U. S. Dept. of Labor, Mr. Keeling H. Sisson, Richmond Public Schools, L. L. Rustad, Chairman of Apprentice Committee, Carmen R. Carlson, Norman R. Stuart, John A. Layne, Hutchie Hudson, Wilford K, Edmonds, Eugene Ray Harris, John E. Belcher, Leslie W. Tate, Bro. Milton Shufelt, Teacher, Linwood N. Epperson, Eugene H. Roberts, WiUiam J. Wilkins, Charles E. Maden, Gerald G. McCleary, Ryland N. Pavy and Wesley Higgins, teacher,
Rustad, Chairman, G. L. Turner, and W. B. Holloway. With the exception of Mr. Black- burn who succeeded Mr. A. J. Sayville, deceased, the committee has remained unchanged
' since its inception. Classes are held twice weekly and promotions are made yearly after due examination of candidates by the committee. Brothers Wesley Higgins and Milton Shurfelt have performed yoeman service as teachers. A good deal of credit is also due Brother L. L. Rustad, Committee chairman, who has done a splendid job in unsnarling
! red tape under G. I. applications.
Everyone enjoyed the graduation party immensely and all extended the hand of fellow-
. ship to a fine bunch of well-qualified new journeymen.
VANCOUVER, B, C, LOCAL CELEBRATES 60th BIRTHDAY
Back in the year 1890 when Vancouver, B. C, saloons were selling beer at five cents
a schooner and pretzels, hot dogs and pickles were free; when you could "dress to the hilt"
with the best suit in town for fifteen dollars and a pair of shoes thrown in free, car-
I II penters' wages were something like twenty-four cents an hour. It was around June 1st
i; of that year that a small group of Vancouver carpenters gathered together in old Sullivan
40 THE CARPENTER
Hall to withdraw from the Old Country Amalgamated Society of Carpenters to cast their lot with the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America.
Ever since, Local Union No. 452 has been carrjang on a never-ending struggle to bring security and prosperity to the carpenters of the British Columbia metropolis.
Echoes of those "good old days" rang out in the Commodore banquet room on the night of June 2nd when the same luiion, now a "diamond" old-timer with membership in the 3000 bracket, celebrated its sixtieth birthday— in the same hall many of the present members helped to build as a 100 per cent union carpenters' job.
Now Local 452, United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, the union has grown into the largest carpenter's local in Canada.
The banquet honored 27 members for long and faithful sen-'ice, members who have helped build the union and the city of \^ancouver. Their combined membership with the local totals 928 years and the honor of official 25-year membership buttons is theirs.
Bringing greetings from the international office in Indianapolis, second general vice- president John R. Stevenson told how the Brotherhood has growTi from the first convention in 1881 in Chicago to the present membership of 750,000—31.000 in Canada— with cash assets exceeding 512,000,000.
But behind the scenes of last night's celebration, when young tradesman mingled with "oldsters," lies the story of one of Vancouver's oldest trade unions.
Carefully kept in the smart, modem office of the union in the new Labor Temple on Broadway, the original minute book records the struggle of the infant union in the early days of \'ancouver.
Faded handwoiting tells of the first election of officers, the fight against the 10-hour day, against non-union workers, plans for official recognition of Labor Day in September.
Though none of the original members is hving, pioneers could read between the lines, remember the days when laborer's wages were 18 cents an hour.
Minutes set out early struggles for the closed shop, as written Dec. 29, 1890: "Non- union man will be allowed to work one day on the job. If he promises to join the union and posts SI as a bond of good faith he will be allowed to continue work— if not, all union men on the job are to at once qmt."
Old timers honored at the celebration were:
H. Curdiffe, F. Chaisson, E. Carlyle, J. W. Dicldeson, J. Forsyth, A. Fletcher, W. Forrest, F. Gathercole, G. H. Geary, J. C. Graham, R. W. Hatley, W. Harvey, W. KeUaway, Geo. McCelland, J. McGlashan, M. McKenzie, R. Murray, F. G. MiUin, F. Piatt, W. Page, A. Powers, J. Stevenson, J. G. Smith, J. Spouler, R. J. Thompson, J. Wilson, and C. H. Wilcox.
The wonderful success of the affair was due to the good work of the Banquet Com- mittee, headed by President S. Garrett and composed of the following Brothers: J. G. Smith, R. E. Guthrie, J. Stevenson, H. P. Hamilton, R. Dodson, P. DepHssey, Wm. Broatch, R. J. Thompson, A. Zimmer, E. Bott, and A. Caravan.
HUTCHINSON PAYS TRIBUTE TO GRADUATING APPRENTICES
On the evening of March 16, 1950, the joint Apprenticeship Committee of Hutchinson, Kansas, held a dinner honoring the first ten Apprentices to complete their four years under the auspices of the Committee.
The Apprentices from left, to right, back row, are: Ben ^^'hitmore; Harold VanRiper; Robert Buck; Phillip Fairbanks; Ray Hutch- inson. Front Row: Harold Van Dyke; Rex Hinkle; Martin West; Leo Lyons; Chas. Cook.
The Contractor members present were: N. F. English and Lyle Foy. Union Com- mitteemen: Chas. Chalfant, J. S. Bookless, W. E. Knerr. Ex-President Harold Simpson represented Brother President Alfred Roehr who was out of town on account of his father's funeral. John Tilma and Kenneth Birkhead were present representing the Apprentice- ship Training Service, U. S. Department of Labor. Jack Da\ is of the Chamber of Commerce and Kenneth Lewis, Secretar>', Kansas Division of the Associated General Contractors made talks congratulating the Apprentices.
DES MOINES AUXILIARY MARKS 38th ANNIVERSARY
The Editor:
Ladies' Auxihary No. 4 of Des Moines, Iowa, wishes to greet all Sister Auxiliaries.
On March the eleventh, we celebrated our thirty-eighth anniversary. We played various games after enjoying a delicious dinner. Our tables were decorated with blue and yellow candles and the head table was graced with a beautiful blue and yellow flower arrangement.
Our five charter members are: Mrs. Amy Miller, Mrs. Mina Singmaster, Mrs. Katherine Hoover, Mrs. Kate Lane and Mrs. Amanda Van Trump.
Each year, we contribute to the various charity organizations.
We enjoy the Ladies' page of THE CARPENTER, and would enjoy hearing from other Auxiliaries.
Fraternally, Mrs. Louis Moll, Recording Secretary.
PORTLAND AUXILIARY CELERRATES SECOND ANNIVERSARY
The Editor:
Ladies' Auxiliary No. 504 of Portland, Oregon, sends friendly greetings to Sister A.uxiliaries.
Our Auxiliary celebrated its second anniversary on April 28th with a good attendance. \Ve had a very enjoyable evening playing canasta, pinochle, bingo and five hundred. A beautiful birtliday cake, as well as other cakes, was served with ice cream and coffee.
A rummage sale and a card party have made us a very successful year. Also, the adies took charge of the men's annual Christmas party which was much enjoyed. Over 1 thousand Christmas stockings were distributed to the children.
We are planning a card party for June, another later on and have plans also for a rummage sale.
We are hoping to increase our membership considerably.
Fraternally, Vera Evans, Recording Secretary.
LAFAYETTE LADIES CELERRATE 3rd RIRTHDAY
rhe Editor:
Greetings again, from Auxiliary No. 462 of Lafayette, Indiana.
Last October 29th, 1949, we celebrated our 3rd Anniversary with a dinner party hubbies as guests) in the Sky Room at Purdue Airport, West Lafayette, Ind.
We meet every other Thursday in the Y. M. C. A. for our business meeting, followed )y refreshments and a social time. We planned a yearly program last year to create nterest and eliminate confusion; each member peeked at her program and knew when ind what, etc.
To supplement our finances, we have held bake sales and auctions. We contribute to ill wortliy community causes, and are still buying a birthday gift for each child at the 2ary Home. Our families have gotten together at Christmas and other times for picnics ind potlucks.
Our membership is almost 40; we like to read about oiur Sister Auxiliaries and are certainly open for suggestions to boost our membership.
Fraternally, Mrs. Kenneth Leber, Recording Secretary.
Craft ProblQms
Carpentry
By H. H. Siegele LESSON 263 "
Making Cuts.— There are different kinds of cuts that carpenters often have to make, which are not covered in ordinary roof fram- ing, although most of them are roof framing cuts. Any kind of timber that joins a roof must be cut to fit the roof it joins, and that makes it necessary for the workman to know how to obtain the cut with the steel square. If he can't do that, then he will have to re- sort to the cut-and-fit method of making such joints.
Cuts for Dormer Rafters.— Fig. 1, to the right, shows a pair of rafters for a half pitch roof in place, with a dutch dormer to the left. The problem here is how to get the cut for the dormer rafters when they join the sheeting of the main roof. As shown on the drawing, the dormer rafters have a 30-
Fig. 2
degree slope, or pitch, and the main roof, as already stated, is half pitch. There are different ways to get this cut, but a simple way is shown to the upper left. Draw the horizontal line, A-B. Then draw the rafter timber, as shown, at a 30-degree angle. Now
apply the square to the horizontal line, using 12 and 12. These figxnres are used because they will bring the blade of the square to a half pitch slope. The cut for the dormer rafter that will fit the sheeting of the main roof, can be made by using 12 on the blade of the square, and point X on the tongue, the blade giving the cut. It is
|
^ |
\ |
/^ |
\ ^\i p.tck |
|
|
,1^ |
^\^^^^^ |
\ |
||
|
c-' |
X |
' ^ |
||
Fig. 3
not necessary to draw the rafter timber, as shovm here. All that is needed is a Une to the pitch of tlie dormer roof, as shown in a little larger scale in Fig. 2. To make this diagram, draw the horizontal line first. Then draw line C-D to the pitch of the dormer roof, in this case 30 degrees, as shown by the drawing. Now apply the square to Une
Fig. 4
A-B, using 12 and 12 and making 12 on the body come to the crossing of the two Hues. Then 12 on the body and point X on the tongue will give the cut. This principle will work on any other pitch, by making Une C-D slope to the pitch of the dormer
THE CARPENTER
'Oof, and the blade of the square come to he pitch of the main roof.
Cuts for Joining Pitch Roofs.— Fig. 3 hows a diagram of a roof with a half )itch to the right, and a 30-degree pitch o the left. The main building, however, is 0 be altered so as to give it a full half pitch ;able roof, as indicated by tlie dotted line. rhe problem here is to obtain the foot cut or tlie rafter, where it fits the 30-degree oof. As the diagram to tlie left shows, draw ine A-B. Also draw line C-D to the slope )f the roof to the left, which is 30-degrees. Then apply the square as shown, using 12 md 12, the figures that give the pitch of he main roof. Now 12 on the body and
Fig. 5
)oint X on the tongue will give the cut. vlark along the blade of the square. The ame results can be obtained by making a liagram as shown in Fig. 4. Here only a )art of the roof shown in Fig. 3, is used, jne C-D represents the 30-degree roof and he dotted line represents the rafter that is 0 be framed. Proceed by applying the quare in tlie position shown, bringing 12 m the body to the toe of the dotted-line after. Now 12 on the body of the square,
One Pitch Joining Another Pitch.— Fig. 5 shows a cross section of a third roof, to the right, which is joined by a half pitch
Fig. 7
rafter, shown in part to the left. The draw- ing to the upper left shows how to make the diagram for obtaining the cut. Draw line A-B, as shown. Next draw line C-D,
H. H.SIEGELE'S BOOKS
QUICK CONSTRUCTION.— Covers hundreds of prac- tical building problems, has 256 p. and 686 11. |2.60
BUILDING.— Has 220 p. and 531 il., covering form building, garages, finishing, stair building, etc. $2.50.
ROOF FRAMING.— 175 p. and 437 il. Roof framing complete. Other problems, including saw filing. $2.50.
CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.— Has 159 p., 426 il., covering concrete vvork, form building, screeds, rein- forcing, scaffolding, other temporary construction. $2.50
CARPENTRY.— Has 302 p., 754 il., covering general house carpentry, estimating and other subjects. $2.50.
BUILDING TRADES DICTIONARY.— Has 380 p., 670 il., and about 7,000 building trade terms. $3.00.
You can't go wrong if you buy this whole set.
THE FIRST LEAVES.— Poetry. Only $1.00.
TWIGS OF THOUGHT.— Poetry. Only $1.00.
FREE. — With 3 books, one poetry book free, with 5 books, two, and with 6 books, three. (With less than 3 books, one of the poetry books for only 50 cents.)
Books autographed. Five-day Money-back guarantee.
Postpaid only when full amount comes with order. Order u U CIETr^PI F 222 So. Const. St. today. ■■■ ■■■ 3»t\attt Emporia, Kansas QUANTITIES — 12 or more books 20% olT, f.o.b. Chicago
md point X on the tongue will give the :ut. Mark along the body of the square. This drawing, made to a little larger scale, hould be compared with the diagram to he left in Fig. 3.
UNBREAKABLE FRAME OF EXTRUDED MAGNESIUM!
• Profitable— Fast Selling— Nationally Advertised
• Available in 10 sizes from 12 to 72 inches
• Adjustable, Replaceable Vial Assemblies
• Beautifully Designed— Acccurate — Dependable See Our Exhibit — Nat'l Hardware Show — Cooths 101 & 102
J. H. SCHARF MFG. CO., Omaha, Nebr.
44
THE CARPENTER
giving it the slope of the main roof, as in- dicated by the dotted-hne square, which is apphed, using 12 and 8. Then draw Hne E-F with the square, using 12 and 12, so as to give it a half pitch. Now turn to Fig. 6. This diagram is drawn to a larger scale, and shows the square applied to line C-D and line E-F in such a manner that it will give the cut for the half pitch rafter where it joins the third pitch roof. To mark the cut on the rafter material, use 12 on the body of the square and point X on the tongue, as shown. Mark along the tongue.
Cuts for Braces.— Fig. 7 shows how to get the cut for a brace where it joins the main building, at the same time locating the point of the cut where it joins the rafter. In this case, 24 on the body of the square and 12 on the tongue are used, so that one operation will do the job. The same results can be obtained by using 12 on the body of the square and 6 on the tongue, but then two steps must be taken. Fig. 8 shows the same brace and roof. Square No. 1 is in the position of the square shown by dotted
SAVE TIME! SAVE MONEY! with
TRIP-HAMMER
Saw 'Set
FOOT TREADLE OPERATED
• LIGHT WEIGHT
• TOOL BOX SIZE
• SETS UP EASILY
• MONEY BACK GUARANTEE
Set saws faster. NO CRAMPED HANDS.
Every tooth set uniformly. Handles 5 to 12 point hand saws, 3" to 10" circular saws. Two man cross cut saws.
Send Cheek, Money Order or Postal Note.
ARDEE TOOL GO. R„°y ^°^, sta^tn, ohio
EARN BIG PROFITS
SHARPENING AND RETOOTHING SAWS
ENCE and SECU- BITY with a full or part time SAW SHOP BUSINESS OF YOUR OWN Burr's precision saw shop machines help you do t better, faster job. and re quire lets space, less lime and les» effort They give a lifetime of service and have a 1 year guarantee. WRITE FOR FREE FOLDERS Valuable Book. Send 25c in coin for Burrs Blue Book of Coast to Coast saw shop char- ges and other valu- able inforzQation.
lines in Fig. 7. To get the bevel for the' cut where the brace joins the rafter, apply square No. 2 to square No. 1 as shown,' using 12 and 8, the figures that will give the slope of the roof and also the cuts for the rafter. Another method is shown by Fig. 9. Here the line marked Third Pitch
Fig. 8
represents the slope of the rafter, while thei line marked sixth pitch represents the slope of the brace. Applying the square to these lines as shown, will give the points to use for marking the bevel of the brace where' it fits the rafter, or 12 on the tongue of the! square, and point X on the body, the ton- gue giving the bevel.
The student will find the one-line dia- grams a little harder to understand than the details, but when the principle is clear in his mind, he will find the diagram method
12-
BURR MFG. CO.,
I>fpl r-8,^'^45 Venice BKd. Los Anselc!. M. Calii.
Fig. 9
simple, because all unnecessary lines have been eliminated. The important thing is to make the slope of the lines, respectively, the same as the slope of the roofs or braces, as the case may be. Study the drawings, and practice finding different cuts, until the principle is fixed in your mind.
Says F. William Wessel, for over 40 years^ a carpenter-contractor in Peoria, Illinois
Bill Wessel and his Model E SKIL Saw have been working together day after day for more than 2 dec- ades— and both are still going strong. Bill knows, prob- ably better than anyone, that SKIL Saws don't need to be babied or pampered to keep them out of the shop and on the job.
Here's one reason Bill Wessel's old veteran (like all SKIL Saws) stands hardest wear and the shock of heaviest loads: It has famous SKIL Saw Worm-Gear construction and the extra margin of power that make tough jobs easy year after year. Contractors who know never take chances. For saws they see their SKIL Dis- tributor. It's plain good business for you to see him, too.
SKIL Products are made only by
SKILSAW, INC.
5033 Elston Ave., Chicago 30, III. Factory Branches in Principal Cities
\n Canada: SKILTOOLS, LTD. 66 Portland St., Toronto, Ont.
PORTABLE^TOOLS
Model "87" SKIt Sflw
Powerful, fast 9" modeL ideal for framing with 2 inch rough stock. Bevel cuts iVe" at 45'^. Standard and odd voltages at no extra cost.
1st — ^Measure tread or riser in 10 seconds
ELIASON STAIR GAUGE
Saves HALF Your Time Building Staircases
In 10 seconds you get both correct length and angle for stair treads, risers, closet shelves, ready to mark board. Each end automatically pivots and locks at exact length and angle needed for perfect fit. Length adjustable from 20" up. Saves a day or more, increases your profits $20 to $30 on each staircase. Fully guaranteed. Circular on request.
Only $12.95 cash with order, or C.O.D. plus postage.
ELIASON TOOL CO. Minneapolis 17, Minn.
Dealers and Agents Write Us 2nd — Mark board with gauge for perfect fit
CUTS PASTER, CLEANER IN HARD OR SOFT WOOD
A
EXPANSIVE BIT
Simplified design, no blade slip- page. Chrome vanadium steel Ik blades, all chrome body. Quick, accurate adjustment; self -clear- ing lead screw. GUARANTEED.
Model I Expansion Cap. I Ret. Price
250
251
1/2--1-1/2"
7/8"— 3"
$1.69
1.89
See your dealer or write >BERT H. CLARK COMPANY
Beverly Hills, California
MANUFACTURERS OF PRECISION CUTTING TOOLS
NEW!
"Bp-To-Date" Combination RABBET-ROUTER r. PLANE -^ - With Built-in GAUGE MARKER and SQUARE
USABLE WHERE OTHER PLANES WON'T WORK!
You've always wanted such a plane! Ideal for setting hinges and locks perfectly . . . also for ALL fine, intri- cate carpentry work. Carves where other planes cant reach! % inch tool-steel blade will cut to % inch depth. Aluminum body. Weighs 12 ounces. SATISFACTION GUARAN- TEED. Sent postpaid or COD plus postage. ORDER TODAY!
ILLINOIS STAMPING & MFG. CO.
220 N. Jefferson St., Chicago 6, III.
195 post paid Dept. C,
soi"*
HANG THAT DOOR THE PROFESSIONAL WAY!
Makes a clean-cut, deeply-etched profile on door. Remove chips. Repeat operation on jamb. Hang door! No adjustments. No fussing. Precision made. Drop-forged, heat-treated steel. Comes in 3", 3i" and 4" (Std) sizes.
ONLY $1.75 ea. — $3.50 a pair (any two) — $5.25 complete set of three. If dealer can't supply, send only $1.00 with order and pay postman balance plus post- age C. O. D. In Canada, .2oc higher per order. No C. O. D. State sizes wanted.
USERS PRAISE HIGHLY
"Really a help for the 'old hands' and almost a 'must' for the new boys."
S. H. Glover Cincinnati, Ohio
"The greatest help in hanging doors I have ever seen."
3. Allen Charles Mullins, S. C.
Comes With Conceded by carpenters to be almost indispensable, Leatherette Case ^^ hundreds of testimonials in file show. ("B-Z Mark" Trade Mark Reg.)
E-Z MARK TOOLS, Box 8377 Dept. C, Los Angeles 16. Cal.
E-Z MARK TOOLS, Box 8377, Dept. C. Los Angeles 16, Calif.
han(
I
YOU DO THIS
Clip and mail bandy order form below.
Gentlemen: Please send the following "E-Z" Mark Butt Gauges as checked below:
Cheek Size
□ one of any size $1.75
□ two of any size $3.50
n complete set of three any size $5.25
I enclose check or money order G Send C. O. D D
Name:
Address: City
State:
-Zone-
NOTICE
The publishers of "The Carpenter" reaerve the right to reject all advertising matter which may be, in their judgment, unfair or objectionable to the membership of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America.
All Contracts for adrertlsing space in "The Car- penter," Including those stipulated as non-can- cellable, are only accepted srbject to the above reserved rights of the publishers.
Index of Advertisers
Carpenters' Tools and Accessories
Page
The American Floor Surfacing
Machine Co., Toledo, Ohio 48
Ardee Tool Co., Rocky River
Station, Ohio 44
Burr Mfg. Co., Los Angeles, Cal. 44 Robert H. Clark Co., Beverly
Hills, Calif. 43
Eliason Tool Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 46
E-Z Mark Tools, Los Angeles,
Cal. 46
Florboss-Habit Co., Chicago, 111. 1
Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 48
Illinois Stamping & Mfg. Co.,
Chicago, in. 46
The Lufkin Rule Co., Saginaw,
Mich. 47
North Bros. Mfg. Co., Philadel- phia, Pa. 48
J. H. Scharf Mfg. Co., Omaha,
Neb. 43
Skilsaw, Inc., Chicago, III 45
Stanley Tools, New Britain,
Conn. 3rd Cover
Carpentry Materials
The Upson Co., Lockport, N. Y._ 4
Doors
Overhead Door Corp., Hartford
City, Ind. 4th Cover
Technical Courses and Books
American Technical Society,
Chicago, 111. 47
Audel Publishers, New York,
N. Y. 3rd Cover
Chicago Technical College, Chi- cago, III. 3
H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans 43
Tamblyn System, Denver. Colo._ 48
Wearing Apparel
The H. D. Lee Co., Inc., Kansas
City, Mo. 3rd Cover
KEEP THE MONEY IN THE FAMILYI
PATRONIZE ADVERTISERS
9BIG BUILDING BOOKS
12th Edition for EXAMINATION
SEND NO MONEY
Learn to draw plana, estimate, be a live-wire builder, do remodeling, take contracting jobs. These 9 practical, pro- fusely Illustrated books cover subjects that will help you to get more work and make more money. Masonry, con- crete forms, carpentry, steel square, roof framing, construc- tion, plumbing, heating, painting, decorating and many other subjects. More than 4000 pages — 2750 illustrations.
UP-TO-DATE
EDITION
These books are the most up-to- date and complete we have ever pub- lished on these many subjects. Examination
BETTER JOBS - BETTER PAY
A nationwide building boom is In full swing and trained men are aeeded. Big opportunities are always for MEN WHO KNOW HOW. These books sup- ply quick, easily understood training and tiandy, permanent reference Information that helps solve building problems.
Coupon Brings Nine Big Bool(s For
AMERICAN TECHNICAL SOCIETY Publishers since 1898
Dept. GC-36, Drexei at 58th Street, Chicago 37, III.
You may ship me the TJp-to-Date edition of your nine big books, "Building, Estimating, and Contracting" with- out any obligation to buy. I will pay the delivery charges only, and If fully satisfied in ten days, I will send you $3.00, and after that only $4.00 a month, until the total price of only $34.80 Is paid. I am not obligated In any way unless I keep the books.
Name
Address
City State
Attach letter stating age, occupation, employer's name and address, and name and address of at least one buslnesi man as reference. Men In service, also give home address.
No. 1 choice with thousands of carpenters . . the "RED END" 066!
«,......,..... I — Solid brass Joints, rust-
ili\\m\u\\ proof, smooth-working.
^ 2 — Solid brass strike plates
prevent wear. 3 — Patented lock joints reduce end play, maintain ac- curacy. 4 — Sections of finest hard- wood, straight grain, tough, flexible. 5 — Most durable enamel fin- ish, snow white or cream. 6 — Graduations on both
edges of both sides. 7 — Wide range of markings available. See Them — Buy Them At Your Nearetl Hardware or Tool Store
Scuf luFKIN
^^■■^■■^■^^^ 86-A
THE LUFKIN RULE CO. . TAPES • RULES • PRECISION TOOLS
SAGINAW, MICHIGAN • NEW YORK CITY . BARRIE, ONTARIO
Get behind a
SPIRAL SCREW
DRIVER
and get ahead M of the job ^
YMiKEE TOOLS NOW PART OF
[STANLEY]
THETOOLBOXOFTHEWOeUI
Let the spiral do the heavy wrist work. A simple push on a /^^ sturdy "Yankee" ^^^ drives or draws the screw with a spinning start. Good for years of smooth, willing part- nership with your good right hand. Three sizes, each with 3 size bits. Pop- ular 30A size, range of screws #2 to #8. For one- hand operation, buy the 130A "Yankee" with the "quick- return" spring in the handle. Send ioT the "Yankee" Tool Book
XORTH BROS. MFG. CO.
Philadelphia 33, Pa.
$900
IN SPARE TlilllE
"\ did very well last year with my Foley equipment, about 950 saws and 240 lawn mowers, in my spare time. About $900 for me." Leo H. Mix.
Carp^ters Make up to $2 or $3 an hour in
spare time. With a Foley Automatic Saw Filer you can file hand, band and circular saws better than the most expert hand filer. Cash business, no canvassing. No eyestrain, no experience needed.
FREE BOOK
"INDEPENDENCE AFTER 40"
sho-ws just how you can start at home in spare time, with small investment, no overhead, — and develop into a full- time repair shop. Send coupon today — no salesman will eaU.
Se^ eoufoo*t 'Pon, FREE BOOK
FOLEY MFG. CO., 818-0 Foley Bldg.,
Minneapolis 18, Minn.
Send FREE BOOK — "Independence After 40'
Name . Address
Double yOMt production . . . increase your profit . . . sand floors with a new American Super 8! Curs twice as fast as standard 8" machine! Powerful 2 H.P. motor . . . drum speed range 1600 to 2800 r.p.m. assures greatest efiSciency under varying conditions . . . correct drum pressure selected by varia- ble control — 52 lb. to 103 lb. — to meet all conditions in floors. Operates efficiently even with low voltage. Plus many more all- new features. Write for bulletin and prices.
AMERICAN Floor Surfacing Machine Co.
520 So. St. Clair St. • Toledo 3, Ohio
LEARN TO ESTIMATE
If you are ambitious to have your own busi- ness and be your own boss the "Tamblyn System" Home Study Course in Estimating will start you on your way.
If you are an experienced carpenter and have had a fair schooling in reading, writing and arithmetic you can master our System in a short period of your spare time. The first lesson begins with excavations and step by step instructs you how to figure the cost of complete buildings just as you would do it in a contractor's office.
By the use of this System of Estimating you avail yourself of the benefits and guidance of the author's 40 years of practical experience reduced to the language you understand. You will never find a more opportune time to establish yourself in business than now.
Study the course for ten days absolutely free. If you decide you don't want to keep it, just return it. Otherwise send us $8.75 and pay the balance of $30.00 at $7.50 per month, making a total of $38.75 for the com- plete course. On request we will send you plans, specifications, estimate sheets, a copy of the Building Labor Calculator, and com- plete instructions. What we say about this course is not important, but what you find it to be after you examine it is the only thing that matters. You be the judge; your deci- sion is finsJ.
Write your naune and address dearly and give your age, and trade experience-
TAMBLYN SYSTEM
1115 So. Pearl St., C-44, Denver 10, Colo.
,r*^
"r
Easier readiryq, longer \Near\r\Q
iTANLEYereenEnd'RULES
with Five Star Features
1^ Easier Reading — Large jet-black Gothic numerals and graduations — plastic coated for permanence.
If Longer Wearing— Solid nickel silvier joints and strike plates— rustproof, stainless— assures smooth action.
I( More Accurate — Concealed joints
with "ball socket" action — prevent stretching — hold rule rigid.
NEW Protective finish — Extra* tough, water-resistant plastic coating on all sticks— 4 times longer wearing.
Selected Sticks— Straight grain solid Rock Maple — tough and flexible.
By any rule the best buy is Stanley. Your loca 1 dealer carries Stanley Zig-Zag Rules in a wide range of sizes, markings and finishes.
STANLEY TOOLS • NEW BRITAIN, CONN.
i STANLEY]
Reg. U.S. Pot. Off.
THE TOOL BOX OF THE WORLD
HARDWARE • TOOLS • ELECTRIC TOOLS STEEL STRAPPING • STEEL
UNION MADE
Lee
Carpenter^s Overalls
LEE
TAILORED SIZES
LEE STURDY FABRIC . .
SANFORIZED
Guaranteed I
Satisfaction
... or your
I money back!
'■ World's Largest maker of Union- 'Made work ' clothes.
rHe H.D.LEE CO.
Kansas City, Mo, Trenton, N. J. South Bend, Ind. Minneapolis, Minn. San Francisco, Calif. Salina, Kans. .
AUDELS Carpenters and Builders Guides
4 vols. $6
Inside Trade Information
for Carpenters , Builders. Join* ers. Building: Mechanics and all Woodworkers . These Guidea give yoo the short-cut instruc- tions that you want— includinif new methods, ideas, solutions, plans, systems and money sav- nig suggestions. An esisy pro- gressive course for the appren- tice and student. A practical daily helper and Quick Refer- ence for the master worker* Carpenters everywhere are ua* ing these Guides as a Helpmff Hand to Easier Work, Better Work and Better Pay. To get this assistEince for yoursolf. ^ simply fill in and „„., . .
Inside Trade Information On: mair fEEE coupon beiow.
How to use the steel square — How to file and
set saws — How to build furniture — ^How to use
a mitre box — ^How to use the chaUc line — How
to use rules and scales — How to make joints —
Carpenters arithmetic — Solving mensuration
problems — Estimating strength of timbers —
How to set girders and sills — How to frame
houses and roofs — How to estimate costs — How
to build houses, barns, garages, bimgalows, etc.
— How to read and draw plans — Drawing up
specifications — How to excavate — How to use
settings 12, 13 and 17 on the steel square — How
to build hoists and scaffolds — skylights — How
to build stairs — How to put on Interior trim — .
How to hang doors — How to lath — lay floors — How to paint.
AUDEL, Publisliers, 49 W. 23rd St., New Yorit 10, N. Y.
Mall Audels Carpenters and Builders Guides, 4 vols., on 7 days' tree trial. If OK I will remit $1 In 7 days and $1 montlily until $S Is.pald. —Otherwise I will return them. No obiieation unless I am satisfied.
Occupation-
Employed by..
CAR
new 1951 model!
THE
COPYRIGHT 1950 OVERHEAD DOOR CORPORATION
nevf
Be^uDtljj
/
new
SDim4tk
new
E^e 0^ Opendtbn/
for Residential, Commercial and Industrial Buildings
Miracle Wedge
I Salt Spray Steel
Nation-wide SoIm - 'Jita.ttxtUUioK - Senucee.
Manual or Electric Operatic
Hartford City, Indiana, U. S. A.
MANUFACTURING DIVISIONS
CARPENTER
FOUNDED 1881
OfKeial Publication of the UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS of AMERICA
SEPTEMBER, 1950
All Roads Lead To CINCINNATI— Convention City
GENERAL OFFICES
222 E. Michigan Street Indianapolis, Ind.
General Officers and General Executive Board Members
UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS
OF AMERICA
) CHARLES JOHNSON, JR. / 1 0
/ G.E.B. First District \ / G.E.I
CARPENTERS
BUILDERS and APPRENTICES
Get the practical training you need
for PROMOTION,
INCREASED INCOME
Prepare now for more pay, greater success. Hundreds have quickly advanced to foreman, superintendent, inspector, estimator, contrac- tor, with this Chicago Tech training in Build- ing. Your practical experience aids your suc- cess.
Learn how to lay out and run building jobs, read blue prints, estimate building costs, superintend con- struction. Practical training with complete blue print plans and specifications — same as used by superin- tendents and contractors. Over 46 years of experi- ence in training practical builders.
FREE
Blue Prints and Trial Lesson
THOROUGH TRAINING IN BUILDING
Learn at Home in Your Spare Time
The successful builder will tell you that the way to the top-pay jobs and success in Building is to get thorough knowledge of blue prints, building con- struction and estimating.
In this Chicago Tech Course, you learn to read blue prints — the universal language of the builder — and understand specifications — for all types of buildings.
S^ou learn building construction details : foundations, walls, roofs, windows and doors, arches, stairs, etc.
You learn how to lay out work and direct building jobs from start to finish. You learn to estimate building costs quick- ly and accurately. Find out how you can prepare at home for the higher-paid jobs in Building, or your own success- ful contracting business. Get the facts about this income-boosting Chicago Tech training now.
Send today for Trial Lesson: "How to Read Blue Prints," and set of Blue Print Plans — sent to you Free. See for yourself how this Chicago Tech course prepares you to earn more money, gives you the thorough knowl- edge of Building required for the higher-up jobs and higher pay. Don't delay. Mail the coupon today in an envelope or use penny postcard.
MAIL COUPON NOW
n
Chicag-o Technical College
M-122 Tech Bldg., 2000 So. Michigan Ave.
Chicago 16, 111.
Mail me Free Blue Print Plans and Booklet : "How to Read Blue Prints" with information about how I can train at home.
CHICAGd tECHNICAL COLLEGE
TECH BLDG., 2000 SOUTH MICHIGAN AVE., CHICAGO 16, ILL.
A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.
PETER E. TERZICK, Editor
Carpenters' Building, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis 4, Indiana
Established In 1881 Vol. LXX — No. 9
INDIANAPOLIS, SEPTEMBER, 1950
One Dollar Per Year Ten Cents a Copy
— Con tents —
November 7th — Zero Hour
Gompers On Labor Day
The Korean situation has touched off an economic powder keg which will have serious consequences on all of us. Taxes will have to be increased, anti-inflation measures will probably have to be enacted. How the working people will fare in all these changes will depend in a large measure on v/hat kind of a Congress is elected November 7th. A fair Congress can mean distribution of the tax load according to ability to pay and fair wage and price control treatment. An unfair Congress can shift all the sacrificing to the backs of the ordinary people. There- fore election day— November 7th— will be the zero hour.
14
In a memorable speech on Labor Day, 1921, Samuel Gompers eloquently ex- plained the deep significance of labor's chief holiday and the deep-rooted moral and spiritual factors that surround it.
18
Not unlike ancient Rome, Cincinnati, host city to the T>venty-sixth General Con- vention, is built on seven hills. However, unlike the ancient Roman capital, Cincin- nati is a city of friendliness and democracy ^ith entertainment and relaxation available to rich and poor alike.
- - - 22
In the twenty years preceding the turn of the century, the 8-hour day was the prime objective of organized labor. Achievement of that objective entailed a long and bitter struggle. It was the United Brotherhood which spearheaded the fight and carried the ball throughout most of the fight.
Cincinnati — Seven Hilltops
U. B. Pioneered 8-Hour Day -
OTHER DEPARTMENTS
Plane Gossip
Editorials
The Locker -
Official
In Memoriam
Correspondence
To The Ladies
Craft Problems
12
24
28 29 30 32 35 38
Index to Advertisers
47
Entered July 22. 1915. at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., as second class mail matter, under Act of Congress, Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for I In Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 8, 1918.
with New AMERICAN 8V2^^ SAW
Here's the sweetest handling Saw you've ever used — the sensar tional new American! See it — try it — compare! Big capacity — 81/2'''' blade. Big power G.E. motor develops 2V^ H.P. Top speed cutting, any position . . . for wood, stone, tile, sheet metal, compositions. No jolt — no twist when starting — balanced torque principle. Saves time, saves labor, cuts costs! Send coupon for details and FREE demonstration.
SINCE 1903
The American Floor Surfacing Machine Co. 520 So. St. Clair St., Toledo 3, Ohio
□ Please send me illustrated bulletin and price on new American Power Saw. No obligation.
I~l Please arrange a FREE demonstration of the new American Power Saw. No obligation.
Name_
Street. City
.Stafe_
''Following
the line
is easier
with
SKIL Saw"
You can
always see
both the
blade
and the
mark
^ SKIL Saw lets you see what you're doing ... on every art.
There's no need to look around motor housings. There's no leaning over the saw to see what's going on. Your line of cut is always in plain view. You see the SKIL Saw blade as it cuts. You work in a normal, easy position.
Full visibility, perfect balance and extra power make SKIL Saw easier to use on any job. Tough, heavy-duty construction keeps SKIL Saw out of the shop, keeps SKIL Saw on the job. Ask your SKJL Tools Distributor
for a demonstration of easy-handling, hard- working SKIL Saws today.
-' SKll Saws—for 23 years the leading portable electric saw. Choose from 9 models with blade sizes from 6 to 12 inches.
SKIL Products are madtt only by
SKILSAW, INC.
5033 Elston Ave., Chicago 30, III.
Factory Branches in Principal Cities
In Canada: SKILTOOLS, LTD.. 66 Portland St., Toronto, Ont.
GOOD NEWS for you!
— No Matter What Happens —
PART TIME OR FULL TIME
YOU WILL PROFIT WITH A
''THE MACHINE FHAT NEEDS NO HELPER"
^o special power hook-ups...
ifo Dust . . . No Muss
io heavy weight lifting.
51ts in any car — easily
t's Labor-Saving, Time-Sav-
ng, Easier, Faster with
ilOBE PROFIT.
i
lORBOSS-HABIT CO. >181 W. Montrose Ave. Chicago 41, IHinois
NO EDGER NEEDED
$40 to $75 a day— Easy/
YES SIR! Floor Sanding is Fast, Easy, Big Pay Now.
No Extra Edging Machine to tire your back . . .
94 pounds, the full machine weight, goes to work for you in the most efBcient cutting combination of speed and correct pressures ever devised.
One Machine does the job complete —
No stooping, bending or crawling around on your hands and knees. . . .
On Old Floors or New Floors. . .
The profit is good and jobs are plentiful.
GET FULL INFORMATION and FREE TRIAL OFFER
FOR QUICK ACTION-MAIL COUPON
FLORBOSS-HABIT CO.
4181 Montrose Ave., Chicago 41, III.
Please send complete information on the Florbosa and Free Trial OfEer.
Name
Address
|
City Zone State . |
|
|
I am interested as a Building Contractor |
n |
|
Going Into Business |
D |
|
Floor' Sanding Contractor |
D |
|
Please check one of the above. |
To Unsightly Cracked Ceilings
UPSON KUVER-KRAK
PANELS
— applied right over old plaster!
A plastered ceiling is cracked . . . about to falll WTio is going to get the business? Only you have the ability to permanently repair ugly, unsafe ceilings so they will never crack again. Only you can save the house'wife from the ordeal of re-plastering — and the clouds of seeping, floating white dust.
Apphdng Upson Ceilings is pleasant, easy and profitable! Be an Upson Ceiling Expert. Send the coupon be- low. Our Representative will be glad to help with your first job. Always use Upson Kuver-Krak Panels for ceil- ing jobs. Every panel is plainly marked "Kuver-Krak."
THE UPSON COMPANY439
I would like to become an Upson Ceiling Espert. □ Have your R,epresentauve call on me.
Upson P»., Loekporf, N. Y.
Send me Application In^tructiona.
STREET. CITY
NOVEMBER 7th— Zero Hour
ALTHOUGH the Korean situation has not as yet developed into a world- wide war, already it has become crystal clear that the American people are tied to the same old merry-go-round and are about to be taken for another ride. During the first month of the Korean fighting wholesale prices jumped a full ten per cent, according to reliable figures. Each week there- after has seen further price boosts. The full impact of price increases has not yet been felt at the retail level since there is a time lag between wholesale price jumps and the changes they create in retailers' prices. However, every housewife is fully aware of the fact that prices are climbing. Each market- ing day, a ten dollar bill w^ill bring home a smaller basket of groceries. Already the lower income groups are finding it impossible to make ends meet despite elimination of all non-essential spending.
Why should this be? Higher wages?
Definitely not. Wage levels have not changed appreciably since June 25th, when Korean fighting broke out. High- er production costs? Hardly since wage rates have remained relatively stationery and the same old people have continued working on the same old machines. The reasons for the spectacular price rises can all be com- pressed into one word— greed. With- out waiting to see if the Korean war would lead to shortages, without wait- ing for any production cost boosts to develop, the profiteers started jacking up their prices to create fatter profits. As a result it is costing people some- thing like fifteen per cent more to live these days than it did at this same time last year. That extra fifteen per cent is mostly going into the pockets of the profiteers in the form of exces- sive profits.
Even Senator Taft must realize that this situation cannot continue much longer. Prices are rapidly get- ting beyond the reach of the work- ing people and some sort of upward wage adjustments will have to be made. Of course, the cry then im- mediately will be that you cannot increase wages without increasing
prices also. Immediately the news- papers will begin damning the unions for bringing on inflation. The anti- labor Congressmen will not be far behind. A ten cent an hoiu^ wage boost demand will be viewed by them as a threat to the whole war effort and the entire financial structure of the nation. These are the same men who have quietly sat by and watched pure and simple greed drive the cost of living into the stratosphere with- out a word of protest.
Next, taxes will have to be increas- ed to finance the costs of national security. As usual, the anti-labor Con- gressmen will make every effort to shift the bulk of the new tax load on to the backs of the working people. They will oppose any and all efforts to touch the swollen profits of the profiteers and will concentrate their efforts on trying to put over higher withholding taxes on weekly earnings. Largely the newspapers will be back- ing them up with editorials about how high taxes on high incomes kill initiative and shrink job opportuni- ties.
The American Federation of Labor is not unaware of the perils inherent in the present situation. Meeting in
10
THE CARPENTER
Chicago late last month, the Federa- tion Executive Committee made some down-to-earth recommendations to Congress. The Council demanded im- mediate control of prices at their June levels but no pay controls until wages have risen enough at least to meet higher living costs and "a basis of
that fairness and ability-to-pay ma be given proper consideration and jl flation can be kept under control. [ How much weight will these rej ommendations carry with Congres' Probably the answer is: very littl if the complexion of Congress remaii^ the same as it is now. The presei
"What's your kick? Tm working too!"
parity" with the price climb since the outbreak of the Korean war.
The council demanded that Con- gress enact an eflFective excess profits tax, grant rationing power to Presi- dent Truman, and repeal of the Taft- Hartley Law.
There is no need for compulsory manpower controls, the council said.
It also asked establishment of a stiff excess profits tax as a corner- stone of any new tax program so
Congress, despite a large number ol intelligent, hard-fighting liberal mem bers, is dominated by the Taft-Byrc coalition. In the 1948 election laboi did a fine job. Dozens of anti-laboi Congressmen were voted into oblivior while wide-awake liberal men wen elected to fill their places. However for all its political gains, labor failed- by a few votes in the Senate and i handful in the House to elect a liberal Congress. The Taft-Byrd coalition stilf
THE CARPENTER
11
kept control by a slim margin. So long as that control remains labor can ex- pect little sympathy from the present Congress.
In the November election, labor must change the complexion of the new Congress. It must not only hold the gains it made in 1948, but also it must elect enough new friends to break the Taft-Byrd control. More will be at stake in this election than in any election in recent years. In view of the troubled world situation, great changes in our way of life are going to be necessary. Wage-price controls may be necessary even be- fore this reaches print. New taxes must come to take care of the greatly expanded demands of national secu- rity. Sooner or later Congress will have to handle these matters.
How working people fare when and if the controls and tax laws are written will depend on what kind of a Congress is sitting in Washington. A continuation of the present Con- gress can and undoubtedly will mean loose price controls and rigid wage controls, plus a shifting of the new tax burden to the backs of the work- ers. On the other hand, a liberal Congress can mean fair price con- trols and a tax program that is based on ability to pay, plus a fair wage
From all indications, Congress is going to stave off action on these matters until after the November elec- tion if humanly possible. A stop-gap tax measure seems to be in the mak- ing, and if price and wage controls become absolutely necessary, all in- dications are that they also will be of a stop-gap nature. The real pro- gram which will govern our lives for years to come will be written by the new Congress that meets next year.
Consequently every working man has a tremendous stake in the out- come of next November's election. A favor-the-rich tax measure can take
hundreds of dollars out of the pockets of the average worker during the next year or two. Similarly, inefltective price controls, coupled with a rigid wage freeze, can materially cut the living standards of working people. We had a sample of that during the last war and it was anything but pleasant. It will come again unless the right kind of a Congress is elected next November. The liberal men sent to Washington in 1948 have given a splendid account of themselves. Against great odds they have fought valiantly for justice for the working people. If they are not backed up in November and given enough rein- forcements to handle the Taft-Byrd coalition they will lose all of their effectiveness. The coalition can then ride roughshod over the common peo- ple to the advantage of the profiteers and profit gluttons.
In perilous times like these, wage increases can mean little or nothing. If every pay increase is accompanied by substantial price boosts and in- creased taxes the working man loses out rapidly because he is like a dog chasing his tail— he can never catch up with his objective. That is the sort of situation that is bound to develop if a decent Congress is not elected in November.
Consequently every working man owes it to himself and his family to be ready and willing to take part in next November's election. The results will mean decent living standards dur- ing the next few years or hardship and privation as price increases and taxes eat increasingly bigger holes in the old pay check through favor-the -rich legislation. If the latter comes to pass, we will have no one to blame but ourselves. November 7th will be our Zero Hour. Each of us must be prepared to do our bit by being regis- tered and then voting for men who appreciate and are sympathetic with the needs of the ordinary people.
OTQ^PS I P
SORT OF PERSISTENT
Four years ago, Congress passed a law aimed at clearing out the slums in Wash- ington, D. C, which are among the worst in the nation. Last month, the agencies charged with the responsibility of admin- istering the program admitted nothing has been accomplished and that they were now starting from scratch. For the umpteenth time a "survey" is getting under way.
Smrveys are the favorite delaying tactic of the real estate interests not only in Wash- ington but in all other cities where high- profit slum areas are threatened by low- cost housing. Every time the real estate boys try to "survey" decent housing pro- grams to death. In fact they sort of bring to mind the story of the persistent salesman.
All afternoon the salesman tried to see a busy tycoon. Finally, just before quitting time, he managed to elude the hired help and gain admittance to the Big Wheel's office. When he made himself known, the tycoon bellowed: "A salesman! Young man I'll have you know my secretaries threw out thirteen salesmen this afternoon."
"I know,' them."
replied the salesman, "I'm
40. -gCgpS- © 1950 <OllS.L STAyi\A/lfz
"My husband lost his census when he took that non-union job!"
SAFETY LAST
Something like five hundred men, women and children were killed in traffic accidents over the fourth of July week. Countless other thousands were crushed, maimed and crippled by autos out of control. Each year traffic ends the lives of more people than were killed in any war year except one or two. Yet war casualties create resentment, horror and determination to save lives, while traffic casualties are accepted as a matter of course.
Statistics prove that the vast bulk of all traffic accidents are caused by human care-' lessness. War casualties are inevitable; traf- fic casualties need not be.
Among the most vicious killers on oi highways and streets is the drunken driver! For years tlie National Safety Council has had a motto that makes good sense; namely, "Don't drink if you drive and don't drive if you drink." If it weren't so pathetically true in that it actually happens every day, the following story might be funny:
Three drunks staggered into a saloon. One fell flat on his face at the door, the second barely made a table and sat down and the third managed to reach the bar.
"Gimme a scotch 'n soda," he said, and gesturing toward his pal at the table added:" "And he'll have a rye 'n ginger ale."
The bartender asked: "What about your buddy on the floor?"
The drunk replied: "Just give him water,: he's driving." ■
* • * POETRY DEPT.
Theirs was a beef stew marriage. If you don't mind descriptions crude
His wife is always beefing. And the husband is always stewed.
* * * AND HE WILL
Every week sees more and more indepen dent thinkers in the Red-dominated count- ries sent to the gallows or tlie slave labor camps after trials at which "clear-cut" con- fessions are produced.
When an accused man behind the Iron Curtain sees his "confession" for the first time, his usual reaction is, "Well, I'll be hanged." And nine times out of ten he is.
THE CARPENTER
13
I THE POT AND THE KETTLE
' Following the great depression when banks failed left and right, the government set up the Federal Deposit Insurance Cor- poration to prevent such happenings in the future. National banks must carry F.D.I.C. insiu-ance which guarantees all individual deposits up to $5,000, For this the banks pay a small fee.
Lately banks have been endeavoring to wiggle out from under paying the premiums. A. bill already passed by the House and Senate would give the banks something like sixty-eight million dollars in rebates on the premivims they paid to F.D.LC. However, opponents of the bill have not given up the fight yet. Even some of the bankers are beginning to think it would be bad business to undermine confidence in F.D.I.C. So there is a squabble on among the bankers themselves over the matter; which, pertin- ently or not, brings to mind the old one about the couple in divorce court. She charged he was such a stew bum he hocked the kitchen stove to buy booze, and he countered by insisting she was such a poor housekeeper the stove was gone three weeks before she missed it.
* * *
SORT OF FUTILE
Although prices have skyrocketed steadily since the war broke out in Korea, Congress has as yet failed to take any eflfective steps for cuirbing inflation. There is lots of talk about price controls and excess profit taxes, but as this was being written (in the middle of August) the profiteers were still running bog wild. The Tafts and the Wherrys are still talking about "voluntary" controls; but voluntarism insofar as profiteers are con- cerned is about as effective as a snowball in a well-known place. Somehow or other the idea of Taft's voluntarism and the profi- teers' greed getting together for the bene- fit of the working people properly reminds us of the lady who was buying one of those new plastic drinking bowls for her dog.
When she had selected the one she want- ed, the clerk suggested that it might be nice to have something like "for the dog" in- scribed on the side of the bowl. "Oh, that .won't be necessary," replied the customer, "you see, my husband never drinks water and the dog can't read."
That's the way it is on this price situation; I the profiteers never stop trying to get more out of the customers and Taft just plain doesn't give a dang.
LET'S HAVE THE TRUTH
As this was being written, the outcome of the Korean struggle was still in doubt. The plain fact of the matter is that we were caught with our britches down. And, to our way of thinking, someone ought to find out why. Sixty billion dollars of the tax- payers money was spent to arm the nation in tlie four years since the end of World War II— a sum equal to all our previous military expenditures up to and including a good part of World War I. Dulles, Bradley and Johnson, our three top defense officials, were in Korea only a few days before the invasion. Yet for all the money we spent and the brains we had on the job, the invasion caught us unawares and unprepared. Some- body somewhere was asleep at the switch and the people ought to know who and why, and where the billions went.
However, the possibility that an open and fair investigation might take place is very remote. Critics of our military are getting more and more of a run around. Any questioning of military Brass and the poli- cies they lay down is more and more get- ting to be "giving comfort to the enemy." Those who are brash enough to intimate our Brass is less than perfect soon get sat on. In fact most of them are beginning to feel like the little boy who rebelled at going back to school after his first day. "What's the use?" he said, "I can't read and I can't write and they won't let me talk so to Heck with it."
•-Li? n "-s*
_57. t53-giepl3- ©I950 C^RL ^TAMWiTZ^
"Psst-Boss! Have you tried to collect a kickback from any of your crew since they organized?"
14
Gompers On Labor Day
(The 1921 Labor Day message of the founder and first president of the AFL m Th American Federationist of September 1921)
* *
LABOR DAY, 1921, is the 27th annual celebration of Labor Day as a leg£ national holiday. The history of Labor Day is significant of the increas ing strength and progress of labor. Labor Day evolved from the aspira tions of the labor movement; it was not handed down as a present. Its recogn; tion as a legal holiday was won by labor; it was not given to labor.
The united voluntary efforts of the workers themselves established Labo Day as a national holiday long before any state legislature or the nations legislature enacted the custom into
statute law.
But the history of the statute law is in itself significant; it indicates the ever-increasing influence of the eco- nomic organizations of labor over the deliberations of political legislators.
The Labor Day idea was originated by P. J. McGuire, the founder of the Brotherhood of Carpen- ters and Joiners, and for many years a member of the Executive Coun- cil of the American Fed- eration of Labor.
At the meeting of the New York City Central Labor Union held on May 8, 1882, McGuire urged the propriety of setting aside one day in the year as a general holiday for the laboring people. He suggested that it be called "Labor Day."
The idea was adopted by the Cen- tral Labor Union and it staged a La- bor Day parade and festival on the first Monday in September, 1882.
The American Federation of Labor endorsed the national Labor Day holi- day at its 1884 convention, held at Chicago, 111. The convention una-
SAMUEL GOMPERS
nimously adopted the following res olution introduced by A. C. Cameror delegate from the Chicago Trades am Labor Alliance:
RESOLVED, That the first Monday in September of each year be set apart as a laborers' national holiday, and that we rec- ommend its observ- ance by all wage workers, irrespec- tive of sex, calling, or nationality. Through the activit of the state federation of labor and the centra labor bodies the Labo Day demand sprea( from city to city an( state to state.
Many municipal coun cils and state legislai tures made it a lega holiday.
Oregon was the first state to ac cede to labor's demand that Labo Day be made a state holiday. Tb Oregon Labor Day law was signec by the governor on February 21, 1887 The legislatures of Colorado, Mass£^ chusetts. New Jersey and New York also made Labor Day a state holida;
THE CARPENTER
15
in 1887. Connecticut, Nebraska, and Pennsylvania followed in 1889; Iowa and Ohio in 1890; Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Maine, Montana, New Hampshire, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Washington in 1891; Alabama, Louisiana, Utah, and Vir- ginia in 1892, and California, Dela- ware, Florida, Minnesota, Rhode Island, Texas, and Wisconsin in 1893.
In the meantime the officials of the American Federation of Labor sought congressional legislation to make La- bor Day a legal national holiday, in conformity with the resolution of the 1884 convention. The bill became a law 10 years later. It passed Con- gress on June 28, 1894.
On June 29, 1894, President Cleve- land signed the Labor Day law in the presence of Amos J. Cummings, Rep- resentative in Congress from New York City. Mr. Cummings presented the pen and penholder used by Presi- dent Cleveland to President Gompers, who still cherishes them as a lasting memento of one of the most signal achievements of the American Labor movement.
In his annual report to the 1894 American Federation of Labor con- vention, President Gompers an- nounced the victory for labor:
National Labor Day It affords me pleasure to be able to report that the demand made by the American Federation of Labor for making the first Monday in September of each year a legal holiday passed Con- gress and was made a law on June 28, 1894.
As a national holiday, Labor Day has a profound significance.
It typifies the struggles of the work- ers to free themselves.
Free themselves from their cruel and unjust environment. Free them- selves from the operations of the so-
called "natural economic laws" under which the owners of industry rate the labor power of the workers as a com- modity subject to the artificial law of supply and demand and all the other influences of the commodity market.
Free themselves from the tyranny of the employer autocracy in indus- try.
Free themselves from the tyranny of the employer state in government.
Free themselves from their own mis- understandings and prejudices so that as one united host they may march forward as labor for the attainment of liberty for themselves and auto- matically for all others.
Labor Day is significant for its con- ception of life and the standards of life.
It stands for a life far above the slave standard camouflaged as cost- of-living wages.
It stands for an equitable share of the wealth in the production of which its own energies are the most essen- tial elements.
It stands for a life not limited by the mere necessities of existence.
It stands for a fuller childhood, a nobler womanhood and manhood— a life unblemished with the constant worries of threatened economic secu- rity in a world overflowing with actual or potential wealth.
Labor Day signifies the joy of labor.
Joy in the numerical strength of labor's organizations; for increasing organized numbers leads to the eco- nomic unity of the workers, without which labor's full ambitions must ever lack their goal.
Joy in the consciousness of labor's prupose; for the cause of labor is the cause of mankind.
Joy in the knowledge of the ulti- mate victory of labor's efforts; for justice, and right, and liberty must
16
THE CARPENTER
finally triumph over the cohorts of injustice, and wrong, and tyrann\\
Joy for labor's victories already won; for victor}' engenders new en- ergy' and new determination and new forces to earn,- labor's principles fur- ther and further into unconquered fields.
Jo}- in the lessons of labor's defeats; for labor is ne\"er defeated. Labor may be temporarily set back. Labor may sometimes retreat. But in set- back and retreat labor studies its de- fects, discovers its weaknesses, fills up its ranks and marches back to the economic battlefront with unwavering lines and invincible battalions.
Labor Day is labor's demonstration of tolerance; for labor does not cele- brate Labor Day as men. as women, as races, as pohtical partisans, as re- hgious partisans. Labor celebrates Labor Day without distinction as to creed, politics, sex or race. Labor Day demonstrates that although the workers may be di\'ided on social, po- litical or religious questions, the\' are united as workers and have long since learned that if they ever fail they fail because they are di\dded.
Labor Day stands for labor's achievements through the ages.
It s\Tnbolizes labor's struggle up- ward and onward toward liberty', to- ward freedom, toward justice, toward equalit}-. toward opportunit}'— toward life in all its fullness.
Upward from the time when as chattel slaves the workers were bought and sold as the private prop- erty' of the master.
Upward from the time when as serfs the workers were likewise the private propert>- of the feudal lords and bought and sold as inseparable parts of the feudal estates.
Onward from the time when as "free" laborers their labor organiza- tions were legaU\- and judicially out-
lawed as conspiracies against the wel- fare of the state and societ}'.
Onward from the time when their political overlords deprived them of all voice in the government by means of propert}' franchise qualifications.
Onward from the time when their children were slowly killed in the fetid air of the textile mills.
L'pwardI OnwardI Upward and on- ward toward complete industrial, po- litical and social emancipation— this is labor's achievement, signalized by Labor Day.
Labor Day stands for labor's faith. Faith in -\merica. Faith in her in- stitutions. Faith in her democracy. Faith in her representative govern- ment. And above all. Labor Day stands for faith in the workers. Faith in their abilit)' and determination to show the world that within the field of democracy labor can forge its way straight ahead and strike from its path the barriers of reaction, greed, oppression and t}Tanny wherever found and by whoever planted.
Labor Day stands for peace; for labor has always demanded peace. Peace between nations; peace between peoples. Peace in industn,'. Peace ever\-where. Even now and because of its own efforts labor sees the com- ing of the time when armies and naNies and every semblance of mili- tarism shall be known onl)^ as histor)'. Labor will live to see the day when at labor's demand the di\ine decree, "Thou shalt not kill," wlU. become a hving fact.
And Labor Day stands for freedom. For freedom attained and freedom demanded.
The workers can be completely free. They ha\'e the strength to free them- selves. The\- have the latent power to establish justice and right. But latent power is useless unless it is developed and used.
THE CARPENTER 17
The goal is freedom. The way is code is justice, equality, democracy, organization. The slogan is unity. No opportunity, liberty, and freedom- sect, no sex, no party, no race no freedom for labor and for all man- creed; for the slogan is unity, and the i . i goal is freedom. Labor's freedom through labor's code. And labor's All hail to Labor Day, 1921!
RED PEACE DOVE IS LEAD PIGEON
The AFL Executive Council last month condemned the "Stockholm Peace Petition" of the Communists as a "rank fraud."
"Moscow's dove of peace is only a lead pigeon," the council said. It urged every American to refuse to sign the petition.
Almost all of the North Koreans were forced to sign it before their Russian masters sent them into war against the United Nations, the council said. Following is the text of the council statement:
The American Federation of Labor condemns the so-called Stockholm peace appeal as a. rank fraud.
We urge every working man and working woman to spurn the peddlers of this spurious petition.
We call upon every loyal American, every true lover of peace, to refuse to sign or circulate it.
We cannot urge too strongly every self-respecting American to treat those who are the organizers of this "Stockholm movement" and the pvuveyors of its petitions as enemies of the American people operating under false colors.
Not only in far ofiF Korea do enemies of the American people disguise themselves as ' Americans. In our own country, in our factories, shops, offices, churches, schools and on i our streets, enemies of America also disguise themselves and pose as Americans.
Camouflage is a Communist weapon of war which can be just as deadly against our sons and brothers in the U. S. as in Korea. The so-called Stockholm petition is precisely > such a weapon.
The fake peace petition does not oppose all aggresion with all weapons. It singles out only one weapon— the one in which our country still holds the lead and which pro- vides our country and the other democracies with a measure of mihtary security against tlie gigantic Russian war machine.
Unhke America and the other democracies, totalitarian Russia never demobilized its fighting forces at the end of World War II in 1945. j. Were these fake peace maneuvers to succeed, were the U. S. to fall into the Russian f' bear trap of banning atomic weapons— while Russia rejects America's plan for their effective international inspection, control and elimination— the possibility for Communist world domination by the Soviets would be enormously enhanced. That is just what the petition-promoters and the sinister signature-seekers want.
As long as the democracies have atomic superiority, the Russian war-lords fear and hesitate to use their own massive armies as direct instruments of aggresion and conquest. They rely instead on Chinese, North Korean, Indo-Chinese, anti-democratic Germans and other puppets and satellites for extending totalitarian tyranny and engaging in ad- venturist aggression.
Since the pohcy of our country has been not to use atomic weapons against satellite aggressors and since the democracies have— under the Marshall Plan the Point Four- mobilized for peace and are unprepared for war, Moscow figures that its indirect, yet wanton, aggression can proceed unchecked.
Clearly, the so-called peace petitions seek to ban America's use of atomic weapons ' in order to enable Russia to catch up with and surpass our country in this field and to aid Moscow's catspaw aggressors by rallying public sentiment against the U. S. ever using such weapons against them.
Cruel confirmation of this strategy of the Stockholm petitioners is at hand in Korea.
That is why the Communist drive for signatures coincides with the Moscow-directed in-
^ vasion of South Korea. It was carefully planned to hide and help the brutal aggression
' of tlie Soviet dictators against the people of Korea, the American people and the United
Nations as an effective agency of world peace.
*
18
CINCINNATI-^^z;^// Hilltops
IN 1788, there was born on the banks of the Ohio a brawling, two-fisted lusty babe of a city, a frontier infant destined to become the hybrid Paris- Athens of the middle-west. A Revolutionary War soldier, Arthur St. Clair, named it Cincinnati, in honor of the Society of Cincinnatus, an organization of revolutionary fighters which included Lafayette himself.
According to legend, the first city was built on seven hills, but it has long since spread beyond its historic borders. The Cincinnati riverfront stretches along two giant bends of the Ohio River, a ten-mile long stage for sports and industry. The city's metropolitan area
includes seven counties— Hamilton, Warren and Butler in Ohio; Kenton, Campbell and Boone in Kentucky; and Dearborn in Indiana. It is sit- uated in the center of industrial Ohio, agricultural Indiana and the con- vival hospitality of Kentucky. The heart of this whole midwestem em- pire is Fountain Square, a block- long concrete esplanade built around a heroic bronze statue of the Goddess of Waters.
Cincinnati is the most compact metropolis on the face of the earth. Its theaters, its fashionable shops, its transportation terminals, its most beautiful clubs are within a few blocks of each other in a down- town district hemmed in by the slanting banks of the Ohio River. Vine street in one of the most his- toric streets east of the Mississippi. In its day it was crammed with saloons in the old tradition— ma- hogany bars topped with portraits of fleshy nudes, the shiniest of brass rails, the largest of foaming steins. Vine still is the longest of Cincinnati's streets and it still is de- voted to good food and good drink. Vine Street is the dividing line for all east-west streets in Cincinnati. All north-south streets run from the Ohio
River. Virtually every bus line or car line in the city has its terminal on Fountain Square or on Government Square, which are situated in the two blocks between Main and Vine Streets on Fifth Street.
Skyline from the river
Cincinnati is a well-informed and well-educated city— it has three daily newspapers and five radio stations. It has two institutions of higher learn-
THE CARPENTER
Cincinnati Union Terminal— A Famous Showplace
Home of the Cincinnati Reds
20
THE CARPENTER
ing, the Universit}' of Cincinnati— sec- ond largest in Ohio— and Xavier Uni- versity-operated by the Jesuit Order. It is one of the few cities to boast two radio stations of 50,000-watt cahber -WLW, WCKY. The other three are WSAI, operated by Marshall Field; WCPO, the Scripps-Howard station; and WKRC, operated by the Taft family.
The lif eblood of Cincinnati is trans- portation. It is served by seven rail-
Famous Fountain Square
roads, three airlines, and by uncount- able river craft which ply the busy Ohio. Its rail terminal is considered the most beautiful in the United States. It has but recently opened a new airport comparable to the best anywhere in the world.
Its riverfront is one of the great harbors of the Ohio. From Cincin- nati leave the only packet boats left on this placid river through the heart of America. Here are great oil and freight terminals, and depots from which the entire northwest is sup-
plied with coal. From here also leaves the Island Queen, one of the few excursion boats left on the Ohio. All these are forms of transporta- tion which one is likely to see in any modem city. Cincinnati, however, can go one better, the inclined plane. This is a city of hills, it is impossible to leave the downtown section along the river front without climbing a hill. To overcome this, the early trans- portation companies built inclines- miniature railway's equipped to go almost straight up. One of these inclines still is operating on Mt. Adams. Street cars and autos are loaded on a platform which is hauled up the hillside by huge steel cables. The trip oflFers the traveller his best view of the down- town Cincinnati.
This landmark is in downtown Cincinnati, which believes in pre- servdng its historic spots despite the demands of traffic or expanding business. James Garfield and Wil- liam Henr\' Harrison are honored with parks and imposing statues in downtown Cincinnati. L}i:le Park and one of the city's most exclu- sive apartment sections is on the edge of the business section. L\tle Park also is the site of the huge Christmas crib erected every year by the W^'estem and Southern Life Insurance Co.
Although rated as one of the most highly industrialized cities in the mid- dle west, Cincinnati is nevertheless a veritable paradise for those seeking recreation. Coney Island, one of the finest playgrounds in the nation, is but a few miles out of the city by car, bus or excursion boat. Here one can find virtually any kind of amuse- ment one desires, including swim- ming in a 4,000,000 gallon recirculat- ing pool. Cincinnati is the home of the Reds, a National League ball team that is always feared and re-
THE CARPENTER 21
spected throughout the majors. The far and wide as "the friendly city".
Cincinnati zoo is famous for its sum- Delegates to the Twenty-sixth Gen-
mer concerts as well as for its excep- eral Convention will undoubtedly join
tional zoological exhibits. Shows, the millions of Cincinnati vistors who
parks and night clubs offer recreation sing its praises whenever charming
and amusement to suit every taste, cities become the topic of conversa-
And to top it all, Cincinnati is known tion.
New BLS Tables Measure Work Life of U. S. Men
The U. S. Labor Department's Bureau of Labor Statistics reported a major statistical achievement: the development of actuarial tables showing how many more years an average American man can expect to work.
The new Tables of Working Life measure the growing gap between the span of life for men in the United States and the years they can expect to keep profitably employed.
The total life expectancy of an average 20-year-old white male worker increased 5/2 years between 1900 and 1940, the tables show, but his work- life expectancy rose only 2/2 years. The number of years which he could expect in retirement doubled in this period— from 2.8 to 5.7 years. If this trend continues, BLS points out, the gap between total life expectancy and work-life expectancy will have tripled between 1900 and 1975.
The average 20-year-old white rural worker in 1940 could expect to work I almost 3 years more than an urban worker, according to the tables. The non-white 20-year-old worker had an average future work-life expectancy (almost 6 years less than the white worker.
i , Motivated by the fact that older people make up an increasing proportion lof the population, the Bureau began work on its tables in 1945. It is now : developing work-life tables for women.
I In addition to use in studying the economic problem of dependency in old 'age, the tables will help in increasing long-range employment opportunities in various occupations. The tables will also be valuable in vocational 'guidance. By estimating the number of workers who will probably die or Tetire in specific fields of employment, use of the tables wiU help channel new ■iVOrkers into occupations with high replacement needs.
' The Bureau will soon publish a bulletin on Tables of Working Life (BLS Bulletin No. 1001). Also, beginning with the August issue, a series of five [articles on the subject will appear in the BLS Monthly Labor Review.
Announcement of the tables followed shortly after the closing of tlie ^National Conference on Aging, held by the Federal Security Agency on Au- gust 13-15. The conference was called in response to President Truman's equest to explore the problems connected with the steady increase of older persons in the Nation's population.
22
U. B. Pioneered 8-Hour Day
FOR almost seventy years, the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America has been one of the cornerstones of the American labor movement. Although organized only a few months previously, our Brotherhood nevertheless was one of the organizations which played an im- portant role in the formation of the American Federation of Labor. In 1881, Peter J. McGuire, a key figure in the formation of the Brotherhood, also acted as a sparkplug in the instituting of the American Federation of Labor. Ever since, our Brotherhood has been in the forefront in every struggle designed to make this a better world for all to hve in. A shining example of the leader- ship offered by our Brotherhood can
be found in musty old records that chronicle the establishment of the universal eight-hour day.
Throughout the 1870's and early 1880's the ten-hour day was preva- lent in most of the construction in- dustry. A few of the larger cities boasted of the nine-hour day but they were distinctly in the minority. Prac- tically aU manufacturing and factory work was on a ten-hour day or more. Demand for a universal eight-hour day was strong. At almost every la- bor convention the shorter work day got a good deal of attention. Until 1886 all efforts to gain such a conces- sion were fruitless. In that year the carpenters in downtown Chicago man- aged to gain a straight eight-hour day. Naturally they were the envy of the whole labor movement. That they got such a shorter work day was a credit to their unity and determination. However, that they held it in the face of numerous lockouts, discharges, etc. that followed is an even greater feath- er in their cap. Through thick and through thin and against all sorts of employer pressure the Chicago crafts- men held on to their newly-won gains.
The success of the Chicago car- penters naturally heartened the entire
labor movement. At each succeeding convention of the American Federa- tion of Labor the eight-hour day got more and more attention. At the 1889 convention of the Federation, held in Boston, it was determined that a con- certed move should be made to make the eight-hour day universal. A pro-if gram was drawn up to allow the Ex- ecutive Council to select one trade at a time to make the bid for an indus- try-wide eight hour day. Meeting in New York City in March of the next year, the Federation's Executive Council selected our Brotherhood as the organization best prepared to make such a bid. The following let- ter from Sam Gompers, Federation president, teUs the whole story:
AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR March 20, 1890 P. J. McGuire, General Secretary United Brotherhood of Carpenters & Joiners of America 124 North Ninth Street Philadelphia, Pa. Dear Sir and Brother:
Pursuant to instructions from the Boston Convention of the American Federation of Labor, to the Executive Council, to select a trade to make a demand for the eight-hour work-day May 1, 1890, I beg to inform you that at the meeting of the Executive
I
THE CARPENTER
23
Council of the A. F. of L., held in the city of New York, March 17, 1890, the following resolutions were adopted upon tliis question:
"Resolved, That we hereby select the United Brotlierhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America to make the move- ment for eight hours as a day's work on May 1, 1890, and \vill sustain tliem in such locahties as tlie Executive Board of the said organization may select to make the movement; and next after them we will sustain the United Mine Workers of America in making a mo\ement to establish the eight-hour workday on such date as the executive officers may select as most advantageous to the interests of tlieir trade. Then we will select and sustain each and every trade in con- tinuous succession as rapidly as they can perfect their organizations and pre- pare to make the demand".
Permit me, dear sir, on behalf of .the American Federation of Labor, to congratulate yoiur grand Brotherhood upon the proud distinction imparted, convej'ed and implied in being chosen as tlie best disciplined, appropriate and determined to lead the movement for a reduction in the hours of labor to eight per day.
There is no doubt in my mind tliat few of the historians of the great events in the history of the development of our people will accord a higher place of honor and distinction than to the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America.
Sincerely hoping and expecting that success may crown our efforts and that hereafter the wage workers may be placed upon tlie more advantageous ground of the eight-hour workday, so that all may be prepared for the great struggles yet in store to ameliorate the condition of the working classes.
Fraternally yours, (Signed) Samuel Gompers, President American Federation of Labor
Our Brotherhood accepted the re- sponsibility. Throughout the length and breadth of the land, carpenters began demanding the eight-hour day. Some succeeded and others failed, but all profited from the move. Many of the cities that had nine-hours per day cut them to eight. Others that had the ten-hour day cut them to nine. And those carpenters who did not succeed in getting their hours cut managed to get increases in wages. So, although all carpenters did not get the eight-hour day at once, they all managed to make capital out of the nation-wide move. And the fight they put up laid the ground\^'ork for the universal eight-hour day. Area by area and industry by industry capitu- lated to the eight-hour day drive, a drive that got its impetus and moti- vating force from the Brotherhood members of that day.
HOUSTON HOLDS 2nd APPRENTICE GPvADUATING CEREMONIES
In a joint ceremony held in the Cr\'stal Ballroom of tlie Rice Hotel, June 1st, some hundred-odd young men finishing up their apprenticeship training— including some twenty- six carpenters— were welcomed into journeyman status by civic officials, school autliorities . and labor representatives of tlie Houston, Texas, area. Starting with a fine steak dinner and ending up witli some inspirational speaking, tlie entire evening was devoted to paying tribute to the fine group of young men who had the determination and courage to com- plete their apprenticeship courses. It was tlie second such affair devoted to welcoming graduating apprentices into the building trades.
Herman Engel, sales manager of the Houston Fat Stock Show, acted as master of ceremonies. Featured speaker of the evening was James R. D. Eddy of the University of Texas. Glenn Fletcher acted as program chairman. The invocation was by Rev. T. P. O'Rourke. Invited guests included, tlie Hon. Oscar W. Holcombe, Mayor of the Cit>', and numerous officials from the Houston Board of Education, employer and employe associa- 'tions, educational services. Chamber of Commerce and the newspapers and radio stations. With a large nimiber of them present, the occasion took on the flavor of a truly civic project.
Highlight of the evening was presentation of certificates to the young men finishing their apprenticeship training. Houston has been in the forefront of those comr--- unities which are determined tliat their young people shall have an opportunity to acquire the ,kind of education that will serve them well all their lives.
Editorial
Is There Only One Set of Laws?
As this was being written, the House Committee on Lobbying was still mak- ing a valiant but futile effort to discover just exactly how a number of Big Busi- ness lobbies operate and how they are financed. Up to this time it has made very little progress. Men like Rumley, power behind the throne of the Com- mittee for Constitutional Government and its numerous "front" organizations, were still openly defying the Committee and refusing to give the Committee the information it wants.
Readers of this journal will recall an article in last month's issue disclos- ing how defiant these men have been. Much of their cockiness stems from the fact that men like Halleck of Indiana and Brown of Ohio are on the com- mittee. Hammer and tongs, these staunch yes-men of Big Business have tried to nullify the effectiveness of the probe into lobbying, a multi-million dollar business the way Big Business plays it these days. Recently the daily papers have taken up the hue and cry too. The Committee is being ripped up one side and down the other for daring to ask lobby heads and corporation heads some straightforward questions, the answers to which might be embarrassing. This is a violation of the constitution and an invasion of privacy, the papers are screaming.
, However, these same papers were editorially rubbing their hands in glee when Congress passed the Taft-Hartley Law which requires unions to account for all political income and expenditures of ten dollars or more. They were also jubilant when a Congressional committee sent to jail a number of pinko- stinko Hollywood writers and movie makers who refused to answer some straightforward questions. Now, when lobbies financed and operated by Big- Business, come up for some of the same treatment, the papers wave the con- stitution and wrap the flag around themselves. In common with a lot of other people and publications, this journal has been waiting in vain for the report of fines and jail sentences being handed out to lobby and corporation heads who literally tell the Congressional committee to go jump in the lake.
Recently the Progressive Magazine— an honorable old journal started by old Bob LaFollette, Sr., and in no way connected with the present-day Pro- gressive Party, printed an interesting expose of lobbying conditions as they really exist. Written by Cilbert Geis, a writer who has been around and knows his stuff, the Progressive article charged that the National Association of Manufacturers spends on an average one million dollars a day for "propa-' ganda", the basic philosophy of which is that only that which is good for business is good for people. Some of the propaganda, implies Geis, is so clever that millions are taken in without ever realizing it. Geis defines "prop- aganda" by quoting Professor Leonard Doob of Cornell who identifies it as follows: "Propaganda means the attempt to affect the personalities and to con-|
THE CARPENTER 25
trol the behavior of individuals toward ends considered unscientific or of doubtful value in a society at a particular time."
Looking into the fifty-five year old record of the NAM, Geis finds little therein of which the association can be proud. He shows that the NAM vig- orously opposed child labor laws when they were in the making. It frowned on unlimited educational opportunities for all children when the matter was being considered in Washington. It predicted ruin for business if a shorter work week was enacted. It propagandized against Social Security and vir- tually every other piece of legislation that introduced social and economic reforms for the benefit of the ordinary people. The NAM spends a tremen- dous amount each year on films, clip sheets, newspaper and magazine adver- tising, and particularly in trying to reach the teachers and their pupils in their schools.
With the right of the NAM, CCG and other business groups to petition Congress and even to lobby there is no quarrel. In its own way with its very limited resources, organized labor carries on similar activities. But there is this difference. Labor operates openly and aboveboard. The Taft-Hartley Law makes it mandatory for unions to bi-annually report all political expen- ditures of ten dollars or more. The business lobbies have been operating in the dark, and now that the House Committee threatens to throw some light on their activities they are squealing pitifully. What seems to be a well- financed, well-coordinated campaign is already under way to discredit and undermine the investigating committee. And wouldn't it be interesting to know who is financing and backing this one?
In any event, it appears that a showdown is inevitable— a showdown from which the people will find out if there is a single set of laws in this nation or two sets, one for the corporations and their lobbying organizations, and another for the working people and the unions they belong to.
A Shining Example
Death last month robbed Canada of one of its great statesman of all time. Although out of office through voluntary retirement at the time of his pass- ing, William Lyon Mackenzie King left behind him a magnificent record of service as Prime Minister. Throughout the war and the trying years that pre- ceded it, Mackenzie King guided the destinies of Canada with a firm and sure hand. Sympathetic, understanding and genuinely humane, Mr, King enjoyed a national popularity that has seldom been equalled.
His passing added lustre to his already illustrous name. In a will that will take its place among the great literature of our time. Mr. King bequeathed all the worldly goods he acquired while in the service of the people back to the people. A simple and unassuming man, Mr. King lived frugally all his life. Very carefully he husbanded all the wealth he received while holding public office. In his will he bequeathed it all back to the citizens of Canada, for he considered himself nothing more nor less than a trustee of such wealth during his lifetime. Better than anything else that could be written, the following paragraph from his will outlines the philosophy he lived by:
26 THE CARPENTER
"It has always seemed to me that the highest joy in life is to he found in some public service; that instead of the State being indebted to the one who gives of his time and means to the country's affairs and to the betterment of human conditions, the obligation is the other way round; where the opportunity of public service is given, one cannot be too grateful to the source whence it arises"
Every public oflBcial in the United States and Canada could frame that paragraph and hang it in his office where he could see it every day. Espe- cially is this true in the United States where examples o£ public officials pros- tituting their offices for personal gain are all too numerous. Without implicit trust in the elected representatives of the people, the democratic process can- not long endure. The Congressmen who "write" books for fat fees from corp- orations or turn out "columns" for notorious lobbies do nothing to add to the confidence of the people in their public servants. If it were not for the occa- sional appearance of a man of Mr. King's stature and integrity the entire democratic process might disappear for lack of public confidence.
Canada has turned out many great statesmen. Not the least of them is W. L. Mackenzie King. May his integrit}' and honesty serve as an inspira- tion to all who achieve public office of whatever nature.
Let's Applaud Those Who Deserve It
Henry Wallace, former Vice-President of the United States, has broken with the communists and fellow travellers. In a public interview last month, Wallace not only announced his resignation from the Progressive Party but he also blamed Russia for the Korean situation. Without mincing words, Wallace accused the Kremlin of raw aggression in Korea. He further stated he is now convinced that Russia does not want peace but rather is determined to try "her hand at world conquest.
Coming from Wallace, these admissions are of more than passing interest. Although no one will ever accuse Wallace of being one of the great minds of our generation, at the same time he is far from being a dummy. Year in and year out since the end of World War II he has been the chief apologist for Soviet Russia. From the public rostrum and over the air waves, Wallace has consistently parroted the party line. Among the psuedo-intellectuals, pinkos and such he has had quite a following. Among the communists, of course, he was the fair-haired boy. That he has at last seen the true hght is of real signfficance.
Like too many other misguided indiWduals, Wallace probably has been sincere all the years he followed the party line. Until one finds out that honesty, integrity and truthfulness are nothing but words in the dictionary to the communists it is relatively easy to be taken in by their high-sounding patter; especially if one abhors the idea of war. Wallace was undoubtedly such a victim. His desires for peace probably clouded his better judgment and he swallowed all the Russian peace propaganda hook, line and sinker.
THE CARPENTER 27
Thousands of others in the United States and Canada have done the same thing. Most of them had nothing to lose. Wallace did. He literally threw away a public career that was promising enough to carry him to the second highest office in the public domain. Now he stands as a sad example of the disillusionment and despair that have caught up with many of his predeces- sors who through ignorance or vanity allowed themselves to be duped by the high-sounding patter of communism.
The truth is that Wallace has only found out what leaders in our Brother- hood and in the American Federation of Labor discovered many years ago —that you cannot compromise with communists. Wallace is more or less a symbol of an era— the years just before and during the last war when crit- icism of Russia was decidedly unfashionable. They were our "allies." The communists in the United States and Canada were only "liberals." Those who spoke out against them and their underhanded and vicious tactics were "red baiters." Anyone who thought otherwise was a fascist.
Among the hard core of public figures which was not taken in by this sort of hog wash was our own General President, William L. Hutcheson. Years ago he recognized communism for the inhuman menace it really is. Year in and year out he fought it tooth and toenail; even when it was un- popular to do so. As a result he was villified and abused and belittled. The communists slandered him unmercifully and the fellow travelers pointed the finger of scorn at him and berated him without pity. But he stuck to his guns and cleaned out the communists as thoroughly and as quickly as pos- sible.
Now Korea has proved him to be 100% right. The Wallaces of the nation are grovelling in the dirt and making apologies while General President Hutcheson and the handful of leaders who had the foresight and guts to stick by their convictions stand head and shoulders above their critics. It took Korea to bring out the ruthlessness and cold-bloodedness of communism against which Bill Hutcheson and Bill Green have long preached and warned. Yet ten years ago or five years ago or even two years ago, it was Hutcheson and Green who were the "red-baiters" and "reactionaries." That the com- munist press and party members were excoriating them was bad enough; but in addition there were many two-bit versions of Wallace who were running them down whenever and however possible.
Now those same people should be saying "Thank God for Bill Hutcheson and Bill Green." Had there been fewer Wallaces and Alger Hisses in Wash- ington and more men like Green and Hutcheson on the job there, fine young American men would not be spilling their blood on desolate Korean moun- tainsides today.
If Wallace has seen the error of his ways, well and good. But let us not overlook the leaders who unwaveringly cried out against the menace of com- munism all through the years when Wallace and his cohorts were selling American security down the river for nebulous Russian promises the Kremlin never had any intention of keeping. It is they who deserve the credit and the applause.
THE LOCKER
By JOHN HART, Local Union 366, New York, N. Y.
A while back we stated that a True or False written test was unreliable. We now sub- mit our idea of a test which we consider a fair one. Only one answer, or slight variant, is correct. You must know something about carpentry if you know that answer. You cannot
guess it and have a fifty per cent chance of being right. Consider this a mock test for a job that pays union wages. You get 2 weeks vacation per year and 12 days paid sick leave. It is a permanent job and there are pension privileges. For such a job you should know your business. Take 2 points for each correct answer. Total points is your percentage. Passing mark 76. Time allowed 1 hour. Go to it. The answers may be found on page 31.
1. Express in feet and inches one-half of 15 ft. IVz ins.
2. The best way to check a rectangular frame for square is to measure the
3. What type handsaw has tlie front of the tooth square off the line of tlie teeth?_
4. The word dormer applies to a certain kind of
5. 25 beams 3" x 10" x 16' total how many fbm?
6. The window frame opening through which the weight is inserted is called
7. A screw with a cross-slotted head is properly called a screw
8. DS glass is specified for a window. What does DS mean?
9. A roof span is 35 ft. The rise is 14 ft. What fractional pitch is it?
10. The run of a stairs is measured diagonally, vertically, horizontally? -
11. Start with the longest and num^ber these planes according to size. Fore H
jack ;jointer smooth . 11
12. To what carpenter's tool is a bit gauge attached?
13. What is tlie name of tiie tool used to turn the hook on a scraper blade?
14. Spaced 8 ft. c.c. how many posts are required to fence a lot 96 ft. square?
15. The vertical member directly under the window stool is called tlie
16. What word is represented by the letters Dn. on a floor plan?
17. What is the recognized standard lengdi of a scaffold plank?
18. A bit which has an adjustable cutter is called an bit
19. What would you use to mark a straight line across a floor 20 ft. wide?
20. Cove, half round, bed, astragal refer to different kinds of
21. On a drawing scaled % in. to 1 ft. a measurement of 2 in. would represent
22. Specifications call for a H. M. door. What is meant by the letters H. M
23. The inner angle formed by 2 sides of an octagon is degrees.-
24. Which of these is rated a hardwood? poplar, cypress, hemlock, fir
25. The door knob is secured to what part of a lockset?
26. As used in carpentry give another name for staging
27. A more common term used for pattern board is
28. Exactly how many sq. ft. are in a room 12 ft. 9 in. by 14 ft.?
29. Give anodier name for tongued and grooved as applied to flooring
30. WKat is the best type rule for measmring the thickness of lumber?
31. When referring to a window what do tlie letters D. H. mean?
32. Which of these is rated a softwood? Chestnut, whitewood, redwood, gumwood.-
33. The auger bit next smaller in size to Vi inch is inch
34. When housing a stringer die proper type plane to use is a plane
35. The gauge which marks 2 parallel lines at one time is properly called a__gauge. .
36. What one t3Tpe of tool would you select to chamfer a saddle?
37. A chisel curved in cross section is called a
38. What saw is commonly used to cope a molding? A saw
39. 45, 90, 135 degree angles can most readily be marked with a square.-
40. The oilstone used to sharpen a gouge is distinguished by the name ;-.
41. Name 5 different kinds of rafters. 1 2 3 4 5-. ■
42. The short stud in a door opening is called a stud 1_
43. In a reversible common mortise lock exactly what is reversed? _-__
44. 15 per cent of 1780 lin. ft. of molding is defective. How many feet are good?-
45. Stud, toggle, carriage, eye, refer to different kinds of .
46. Casco is a trade name for a certain kind of
47. How many muntins are there in a cross-panelled door?
48. The miter angle of a square is 45°. The miter angle of a hexagon is degrees.
49. A shiplap joint is bevelled, rabbeted, tongued and grooved, dadoed?
50. Bastard, ward, rattail, mill, are terms appUed to what particular tool?
Total
Official Information
General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS
of AMERICA
Obnbbal Office : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General President
WM. L. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
FiEST Qhnheal Vice-President
M. A. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Acting Secretaet
ALBERT B. FISCHER
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Second General Vice-President
JOHN R. STEVENSON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Treasurer
S. P. MEADOWS
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Bxecdtivh Board
First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, JR. Ill B. 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y.
Fifth District, R. E. ROBERTS 3819 Cuming St., Omaha, Nebr.
Second District, O. WM. BLAIBR 933 E. Magee, Philadelphia 11, Pa.
Sixth District, A. W. MUIR Box 1168, Santa Barbara, Calif.
Third District, HARRY SCHWARZER 1248 Walnut Ave., Cleveland, O.
Seventh District 3560 St. Lawrence, Montreal, Que., Can.
Fourth District, ROLAND ADAMS 712 West Palmetto St., Florence. S. C.
WM. L. HUTCHESON, Chairman ALBERT E. FISCHER, Acting Secretary
All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the Acting Secretary
NOTICE TO ALL LOCAL UNIONS
It is important that the Bond Report of your Trustees for the six months ending June 30, 1950 be completed and returned to the General Office as soon as possible. Blanks for the Reports have been mailed and Local Unions failing to receive same should notify the General Office.
2200
2215 2209 2506 2224 2229 2232 2507 2249 2252 2267 2268 2277 2309 2541
NEW LOCALS CHARTERED
Toronto, Ont., Canada
Alpine, Texas
Hillsdale, Michigan
Sonora, California
Decorah, Iowa
Magnolia, Arkansas
Liberty, North Carolina
Angliers, Que., Canada
WilUamsport, Pennsylvania
Grand Rapids, Michigan
Coeur d'Alene, Idalio
Summerside, Prince Edward Is., Can.
Grande Prairie, Alta, Canada
Toronto, Ont., Canada
Kenora, Ont., Canada
2551 Randolph, New York
2560 Lyman, Washington
2562 Coos Bay, Oregon
2312 Atikokan, Ont., Canada
2311 Grants Pass, Oregon
2318 Creston, Ont., Canada
2325 Menominee, Michigan
2326 Homer, New York 2328 Oak Hill, West Virginia 2578 Spring Valley, Wisconsin 2331 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 2339 Edmonton, Alta, Canada 2343 Stevens Point, Wisconsin 2585 Sugas, N. B., Canada
21
n
M
ttntfrxBtn
Not lost to those that love them. Not dead, just gone before;
They still live in our memory, And will forever more
%tBt in l^tsitt
The Editor has been requested to publish the names of the following Brothers who have passed away.
WILLIAM M. ABBOTT, L. U. 2164, San Fran- cisco, Cell.
CHARLES G. ANDERSON, L. U. 1407, Wilm- ington, Cal.
WILLIAM BALLIET, L. U. 261, Scranton, Pa.
WALTER BLANCHARD, L. U. 2288, Los Angeles, Cal.
C. R. BORAH, L. U. 2067, Medford, Ore.
WM. BRAATZ, L. U. 264, Milwaukee, Wis.
CHARLES BRAEGER, L. U. 264, Milwaukee, Wis.
WILLIAM S. BROWN, L. U. 710, Long Beach, Cal.
DEWEY CARPENTER, L, U. 25, Los Angeles, Cal.
GEORGE D. EBERT, L. U. 184, Salt Lake City, Utah
EDWARD GARRETT, L. U. 465, Ardmore, Pa.
G. O. GILLILAND, L. U. 710, Long Beach, Cal.
WALftR HAACK, L. U. 264, Milwaukee, Wis.
WM. HILLMER, L. U. 25, Los Angeles, Cal.
CHARLES HOLT, L. U. 246, New York, N. Y.
JOSEPH HUX, L. U. 490, Passaic, N. J.
JOHN L. JENKINS, L. U. 2067, Medford, Ore.
M. C. JOHNSON, L. U. 25, Los Angeles, Cal.
ALEXANDRA LAPE, L. U. 6, Amsterdam, N. Y.
JOHN LASHER, L. U. 770, Yakima, Wash.
CALVIN O. LEWIS, L. U. 792, Rockford, lU.
LOUIS LUBIN, L. U. 490, Passaic, N. J.
DAVID MACADAM, L. U. 465, Ardmore, Pa.
D. F. MCDONALD, L. U. 25, Los Angeles, Cal.
LUKE MCGUIRE, L. U. 608, New York, N. Y.
JOHN T. MARKER, L. U. 710, Long Beach, Cal.
FLOYD MAY, L. U. 109, Sheffield, Ala.
FRED MELVILLE, L. U. 25, Los Angeles, Cal.
AVM. MEYER, L. U. 264, Milwaukee, Wis.
W. A. MORAN, L. U. 388, Richmond, Va.
RAY A. MUFFLEY, L. U. 627, Jacksonville, Fla.
WILLIAM J. MURPHY, L. U. 40, Boston, Mass.
CHARLES OISTER, L. U. 261, Scranton, Pa.
EDWARD PAIST, L. U. 833, Berwyn, Pa.
MELBOURNE PETERSON, L. U. 710, Long Beach, Cal.
PAUL PLOETZ, L. U. 264, Milwaukee, Wis.
FLOYD F. PLUMMER, L. U. 710, Long Beach, Cal.
JOSEPH PROHASKA, L. U. 490, Passaic, N. J.
L. B. RILEY, L. U. 25, Los Angeles, Cal.
H. R. RITTER, L. U. 25, Los Angeles, Cal.
C. E. ROLAND, L. U. 25, Los Angeles, Cal.
MARTIN ROOB, L. U. 246, New York, N. Y.
ROBERT D. SLAUGHTER, L. U. 710, Long Beach, Cal.
L. D. SMITH, L. U. 1880, Carthage, Mo. •
LINWOOD SMITH, L. U. 388, Richmond, Va.
WM. STOLL, L. U. 264, Milwaukee, Wis.
SOLOMON P. TATRO, L. U. 96, Springfield,
Mass.
CHAS. W. TOMPKIN, L. U. 1578, Tulare, Cal.
L. W. USERY, L. U. 25, Los Angeles, Cal.
VAN VODICKA, L. U. 1260, Iowa City, Iowa
WM. WEISTER, L. U. 264, Milwaukee, Wis.
L. O. WELLS, L. U. 388, Richmond, Va.
JOSEPH G. WILKS, L. U. 184, Salt Lake City, Utah
THE CARPENTER
31
|
ANSWERS |
TO |
"THE LOCKER" |
|||
|
1. |
7 ft. 9% ins. |
26. |
Scaffold. (scafiFolding) |
||
|
2. |
Diagonals. |
27. |
Template. |
||
|
3. |
Rip. |
28. |
i78y2. |
||
|
4. |
Window. |
29. |
Matched. |
||
|
5. |
1000. |
30. |
Caliper. |
||
|
6. |
Pocket. |
31. |
Double-hung. |
||
|
7. |
Phillips. |
32. |
Redwood. |
||
|
8. |
Double strength. |
33. |
7/16 in. |
||
|
9. |
Two-fifth. |
34. |
Router. |
||
|
10. |
Horizontally. |
35. |
Mortise. |
||
|
11. |
Fore 2, jack 3, jointer 1, |
smooth 4. |
36. |
A plane. |
|
|
12. |
A bit or drill. |
37. |
Gouge. |
||
|
13. |
A burnisher. |
38. |
Coping or turning. |
||
|
14. |
48. |
39. |
Combination. |
||
|
15. |
Apron. |
40. |
Slipstone or slip. |
||
|
16. |
Down. |
41. |
Common, hip, valley, jack, cripple etc |
||
|
17. |
13 feet. |
42. |
Jack. |
||
|
18. |
Expansion, expansive, or |
expand |
ng- |
43. |
The latch bolt. |
|
19. |
A chalk line. |
44. |
1513. |
||
|
20. |
Moldings. |
45. |
Bolts. |
||
|
21. |
2 ft. 8 ins. (32 ins.) |
46. |
Glue. |
||
|
22. |
Hollow metal. |
47. |
None. |
||
|
23. |
135. |
48. |
60. |
||
|
24. |
Poplar. |
49. |
Rabbeted. |
||
|
25. |
The spindle. |
50. |
A file. |
NOTE: How many hundred thousand questions can you ask a carpenter about his trade? A man skilled enough to know all these answers should be worth his weight in coflFee for a week's pay. Won't somebody please say, "Stop, we're groggy; give us a rest."
Washington Unions Sponsor Weekly Broadcasts Under the sponsorship of the Central Labor Union of Washington, D. C. the labor movement in the nation's capital has been keeping the general public well informed on labor matters through the medium of a weekly broadcast over Station WCFM. These broadcasts go out to a vast radio audience at 7:45 every Wednesday evening. Among the actively cooperating unions is United Brotherhood Local No. 132.
On Wednesday evening, May 24th, the broadcast concerned itself with Local Union No. 132, one of the oldest unions in Washington and a pioneer Ideal in the United Brotherhood. For fifteen minutes, Brother W. A. Johnson, District Council business representative, and E. J. Appel, financial secretary of Local No. 132, informally discussed the highlights of the history and accom- plishments of the United Brotherhood in general and Local No. 132 in par- ticular. Both spoke with authority since each of them has more than three decades of membership in Local No. 132 to his credit. They described in de- tail the many protections and benefits which accrue to members of Local No. 132 and the United Brotherhood.
Indications are that the broadcasts sponsored by the Washington Central Labor Union are gaining an ever-increasing audience, and the citizens of the capital are getting a much better insight into the aims and aspirations of organ- ized labor therefrom. Since radio stations must devote a certain percentage of their time to "public service" programs, the idea of weekly labor broadcasts initiated by the unions of Washington, D. C. may be feasible in many other sections.
CorrQspondQncQ
This Journal is Not Responsible for Views Expressed by Correspondents.
POCATELLO LOCAL COMPLETES FINE NEW HOME
Pictured herewith is the fine new home of Local Union No. 1258, Pocatello, Idaho, which was recently completed. Costing something over $40,000 in aU, the building, equipment and grounds are all free and clear, a fine tribute to the progressive- ness and good management of the union. Located on a large lot, the new home of Local No. 1258 consists of one large meeting hall, an oflFice, kitchen, heat room, storage room, and two rest rooms. It is sixty by sixty in overall dimensions.
For a great many years. Local No. 1258 has dreamed of the day when it could own its own home. It took a lot of planning and sacrificing to reach that goal but it has been reached, and all the officers and members of the union are justifiably proud of the achievement.
CARPENTERS LOCAL No. 1659 MARKS 47th BIRTHDAY
On May 23, 1950, the Bartles\ille, Oklahoma, Carpenters celebrated their 47th anniver- sary with a program and pie supper, at whicli time old and new journeymen members were given special recognition. The meeting was held in the newly decorated Carpenters HalL
Honors were first bestowed upon Mr. and Mrs. E. G. Norman. Mr. Norman is a charter member of Local 1659, hav- ing become a member on May 26, 1903, at which time the charter was issued. Mrs. Norman is a charter member of the Ladies' Auxihary. This charter was issued on June 9, 1916. Mr. and Mrs. Norman have a most outstanding record of loyalty and service to organized labor.
Certificates of Completion of Appren- ticeship were presented to Milton Field- er, Roy H. Weston and John R. Smith. Mr. Weston could not remain for the presentation of his certificate because his \vife presented him with a fine baby shortly after his departure from the Union Hall.
Glen Simmons, now President of the Local Union, served as Master of Ceremonies dining the program. He introduced Robert M. Earley, Representative, Bureau of Appren- ji ticeship, U. S. Department of Labor, who addressed the audience and presented the ^ Certificates of Completion.
Serving with Simmons on the Joint Apprenticeship Committee are Frank Marling, Chairman; M. L. Hoppock; R. J. Lawver, Secretary; and George E. Bauer, Business Agent. It is the ambition of tlie Committee to develop all-around cornpetent mechanics who will some day have as enviable a record of service and loyalty as that of Mr. and Mrs. E. G. Norman.
Reading- left to right: Glen Simmons, President; Milton Fielder, Apprentice; Robert M. Earley, Bu- reau of Apprenticeship, U. S. Dept. of Labor; John R. Smith, apprentice; George Bauer, Business Agent.
THE CARPENTER
33
BOSTON FETES LARGE GRADUATING CLASS
On the night of June 5th, at the second annual graduation exercises, the Joint Ap- prenticeship Committee of Boston paid tribute to a large group of young men who had just completed their apprenticeship courses. Among the young men graduating to journey- man status were some forty-seven carpenters and members of the United Brotherhood. A fine dinner started off the evening. Following a short but interesting congratulatory speech by the Honorable John B. Hynes, Mayor of Boston, a presentation of certificates to the graduating apprentices was made. General Representative William Francis made the presentation to carpentry graduates. Among the carpenters receiving completion certificates were:
Frank R. Anionte, William J. Amos, Anthony E. Aucella, Jr., Leonard T. Bisson, James H. Brown, Frank C. Cogliano, Paul H. Collins, Lawrence P. Crosby, Nicholas A. DeCola, Richard C. Estano, Henry R. Fortes, Frederick Goss, Daniel R. Harrington, William C. Harris, Walter F. Hashey, George A. Hermanson, James Hewitt, Henry H. Kelly, Joseph J. Keohane, William J. Kerins, Charles F. Kilroy, Harold V. Kilroy, Benjamin M. Latora, William Linney, Angus B. MacAskill, Gordon M. MacLeod, Charles P. Murphrey, Jr., Herbert M. Napoleon, Martin Noonan, William H. Pollard, Francis Reen, Endel Reinap, Leo J. Richard, Robert A. Sears, Lloyd L. Smith, Clarence Taylor, Charles E. Thrasher, Jr., Anthony Tisei, Charles W. Tracia, Joseph Wallace, Edward S. Warchol, Alfred D. White, James A. Wilkins, Jr., John Williamson, Chester R. Wing, Stanley C. Wood and Robert A. Wright.
COSHOCTON ENJOYS 50th BIRTHDAY OF LOCAL
Thursday evening, May 18th Local Union No. 525, Coshocton, Ohio, celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of its founding.
Approximately 200 persons, members of the union and their guests, attended a dinner in American Legion hall at which Thomas Murray, district representative of the inter- national union, was chief speaker.
Floyd Shafer, financial secretary of the local union, assisted by Mr. Murray, presented pins to the older members as follows: gold emblems to 10 who have been members 40 to 50 years— Charles Dunlap, Quincy Dunlap, Milan Pew, Elias Schriver, Joseph Norris, Henry Koelsch, George Bible, Fred Tish, Wil- liam Shrigley and William Schumaker; silver emblems to seven who have been members 25 to 40 years— O. P. Meitzler, Noah McClain, George Nichols, Charles Klein, William Sauerbrey, Floyd Shafer and Jesse Shaw; enameled emblems to 12 who have been members 10 to 25 years— Joseph Little, Ross Murray, James Salrin, Perry Smitli, Marshall Jacobs, John Krownapple, Newton MuUett, Paul Schulties, Dean Wolfe and Robert Ames,
Mr. Shafer, in giving a brief history of the local union, pointed out tliat at the time the local received its charter on March 21, 1900, carpenters here were working a 10-hour day for $1.25. The local rate is $1.75 an hour. He expressed pride in the fact tliat tlie local has never been involved in a strike and that in its 50-year history tliere has been very little labor trouble.
At the conclusion of the program moving pictures of the carpenter's home in Florida were shown.
Officers of carpenters Local 525 pictured here are (seated, left to right) Fred Tish, past record- ing secretary; William Sauerbrey, treasurer; Floyd Shafer, financial secretary; Charles Klein, vice- president; Roy Simpkins, president. Standing, left to right, R. L. Kaser, trustee; James Crago, assist- ant financial secretary; Glenn Darner and Jesse Shaw, trustees.
34
THE CARPENTER
PAXAM\ CITY GRADUATES APPRENTICE CLASS
Recently Local Union No. 875, Panama Cit>% Florida, handed out certificates of ap- prenticeship completion to three young men who wound up four years of study to become fully qualified carpenter craftsmen. The young men were given an official welcome into the craft and into full partnership in the United Broth- erhood.
Pictured herewith are the young men re- ceiving the certificates. Reading from left to right the group is H. D. Pennington, president of Local No. 875, his son, John G. Pennington, Wilbum O. Nutt, William B. Hodges, and E. N. McEacbem, instructor and business agent.
GRADUATION DINNTIR FOR CAMDEN APPRENTICES
A graduation dinner was given in Camden on May 28, honoring twenty-one men who have recently completed tlieir carpenters apprentice terms. The dinner, sponsored by the Joint Apprenticeship Committee for carpenters in the Camden area marked a high point in apprentice training as it was tlie first time in die 26 years of this work that a formal graduation was held in the Soutli Jersey area.
O. Wm. Blaier, General Executive Board member presented the diplomas from the National Apprenticeship Training Program. In his address to the graduates Brother Blaier pointed out that the Brotlierhood of Carpenters is a topically American group. He advised
Seated at the table from left to right, Wm. J. Setzer, Harry Wilson, J. A. Rheinbold, Apprentice Training. Chas. Wolfe, F. E. Kelly, Business Representative, Raleigh Rajoppi, Genl. Piepresentative, O. Wm. Blaier, and Toastmaster, Charles Emerson, Managing Director of B. C, A. of N. J. John D. La^vrence and Samuel Levy.
Included in the back row is John Cregan, Sec'y. Treas. of the MetropoKtan District Council of Philadelphia, Edward Pierson, President of Carpenters Local No. 393, Walter Ford, President of Mill Local No. 2098 and Edward Budd, Business Representative of Local No. 842, Pleasantville, N. J.
tlie new joume^inen of their union duties. Blaier stated. "You have now finished your formal training; you will be called upon to make sacrifices for yoiu" union to gain better conditions. As good luiion men you must make these sacrifices." Blaier continued, "Many contractors have come from tlie ranks of the carpenters. . . But I warn you, don't be weaned away from the labor movement, don't be fooled by the controlled press."
Charles M. Emerson, Managing Director of the B. C. A. of N. J. congratulated the group and informed the new journeymen, "You are now skilled men in one of the most important crafts in the most important industry in the United States."
The Joint Committee sponsoring the graduation is composed of representatives from local unions and from tiie Associated Building Contractors of South Jersey.
This affair proved to be a tremendous success.
SHREVEPORT AUXILIARY INSTALLS CHARTER
The Editor:
Our Auxiliary No. 588, Shreveport, Louisiana, met Tuesday, July 11, and was pre- sented our charter by Mr. John Howat. We had twenty present to make their pledge to the Auxiliary and four who were unable to attend but sent tlieir dues. J. D. Nugent, A. H. Williams, S. D. Holt and Mr. Ware were present from Carpenters' Local 764 to witness our pledge and give a bit of encouragement to us.
The following officers were elected and installed: Mrs. Jack Brown, President; Mrs. O. G. Baggett, Vice-President; Mrs. T. H. Vincent, Recording Secretary; Mrs. D. H. Daniels, Secretary-Treasurer; Mrs. E. F. Scriben, Mrs. Edith Gilbert and Mrs. M. W. Boatright, Trustees; Mrs. J. D. Nugent, Conductor, and Mrs. W. D. Thomas, Warden.
Our meetings are held on the second and fourth Tuesdays with a social on the fourth Tuesday.
Carpenters' Local 764 has property on the Lake here and we hope to help them build a camp in the near future for our socials.
We are very proud of our Auxiliary and hope to hear from the other Auxiliaries.
Fraternally,
Mrs. T. H. Vincent, Recording Secretary.
REDESA LADIES KEEP ACTIVE
The Editor:
Ladies' Auxiliary No. 553 of Redesa, California, takes this opportunity to say "Hello" to all Sister Auxiliaries, and to extend a cordial invitation for visits or correspondence with us.
We had oinr installation of officers July 13tli. We re-elected most officers as we have only been going for nine months. They are as follows: President, Ruth Smidi; Vice-President, Margaret Walker; Secretary, Kathleen Dahlmann; Treasurer, Phyllis Saper; Warden, Eleanor Becker; Conductor, Rose Charleson; Trustees, Lottie Gage, Ethel Friel and Ethel Elledge.
We were very happy to join the State Council during the last few months.
Our Auxiliary has donated to the City of Hope, a tuberculosis hospital, and to tlie Red Cross.
We are planning a summer picnic and a hand-made sale; we also have bake sales and several white elephant sales.
We will welcome any good suggestions from Sister Auxiliaries.
Fraternally,
Kathleen Dahlmann, Recording Secretary.
SHELBY LADIES HOLD ELECTION
The Editor:
Ladies' Auxiliary No. 383 of Shelby, Montana, met in regular session June 13tli. Election of officers was as follows: President, Alice Gustafson; Vice-President,, Elsie Anderson; Secretary, Ruth Dean; Treasurer, Vera Mason; Conductor, Lois Kroger, and Warden, Annette Oedewaldt.
Plans were made for a picnic to be held in July.
At the close of our meeting, the men of Local 1568 served us a delicious lunch.
Fraternally,
Ruth Dean, Recording Secretary.
.36 THE CARPENTER
VENTURA AUXILIARY STARTS MEMRERSHIP DRIVE
The Editor:
Greetings from Ladies' Aiixiliary No. 433 of Ventura, Calif.
The Ventura Carpenters' Auxiliary celebrated the opening of the new Carpenters' Building at 2641 Loma Vista Road with a tiurkey dinner for all members of the Car- penters' Local and their families. All the ladies took part in the preparation and serving of the dinner from our fully equipped kitchen, adjoining the meeting halls.
The Auxiliary was organized in 1945 and now has thirty-two members, A member- ship drive, now being conducted, has brought in thirteen new members, and we have high hopes for a great many more.
The business meetings, presided over by Mrs. Mabel Summers, President, are held the second and fom-th Tuesday of the month with a social hour held afterwards with the carpenters joining us as guests.
We raise funds by raffles of beautiful hand-made articles, apron sales, card parties, dinners, and even "come as you are breakfasts." This money is to be used for the aid of needy families and a Christmas party for the Carpenters' children.
Letters will be welcomed from all Sister Auxiliaries, and we would be so happy to have a visit from Sisters any time they come to Ventura, Calif.
Fraternally,
Mrs. D. W. Diehl, Publicity Chairman. •
WISCONSIN AUXILIARY GROWING FAST
The Editor:
Ladies' Auxiliary No. 539 of West AUis, Wisconsin, sends greetings to all Sister Aux- iliaries.
We were organized May 2nd, 1949, with, thirteen members signing the charter.
We celebrated our first anniversary with thirty active members present. A luncheon and a visit to ovir local Radio City were enjoyed by everyone.
During the past year, we sponsored card parties and at Christmas, invited our husbands to a dinner prepared by the committee.
We meet on the first and third Monday of each month, the first meeting being strictly business and the second one oiir social meeting, during which we play cards and serve coffee and cake. The members, celebrating their birthdays during the month, act as hostesses.
To increase our treasury, we are making plans to sponsor card parties and apron sales so that we will be able to contribute to charitable and worthy organizations.
W& wish all Sister Auxiliaries success. ' ,
Fraternally, |
Lora Myrold, Recording Secretary.
LOS ANGELES LADIES DO GOOD WORK
The Editor:
Greetings to all Auxiliaries from Auxiliary No. 62 of Los Angeles, California.
We recently celebrated the 27th birthday of our charter by having a party.
Our meetings are held on the second and fourth Tuesday nights of each month, the second Tuesday our business meeting and the fourth Tuesday our social night. At our social meeting, we play games and the committee for the month serves refreshments. Our husbands join us after their meeting to enjoy the refreshments.
We devote the foiulh Thursday to sewing for the Spastic Foundation, making bibs and pads for their home. We also keep layettes on hand to donate to needy famihes.
We contribute to the March of Dimes and other worthy organizations.
Next time you are in tlie City of the Angels, we, of Auxiliary 62, invite all Sisters of the Brotherhood to visit us.
Being the oldest Auxihary in the State of California, we welcome all the new Aux- iharies in ovir state.
Fraternally,
Margaretta Wieringa, Recording Secretary.
i
THE CARPENTER
37
NORWALK LADIES FORM AUXILIARY
Seated left to right: Mrs. Ethel Jones, President; Mrs. Frances Tavella, Vice-President; Mrs. Isabel Busek, Secretary; Mrs. Susan Mages, Treasurer. Standing: Mrs. Josephine Taylor, Conductor; Mrs. Virginia Kovacs, Warden; Mrs. Betty Tobey, Mrs. Helen Acquino and Mrs. Ann Holz, Trustees.
The Editor:
Greetings from newly formed Ladies' Auxiliary No. 580, of Norwalk, Conn.
The installation of officers was con- dr:cted by Organizer William J. Sulli- van on Monday, April 10, 1950, in tlie I. L. G. W. Union Hall, 12 So. Main St., So. Norwalk, Conn. Present were 24 members and tlie officers of Local Union 746. Refreshments were served later in the evening.
The first of our activities will be in conjimction wnth the closing date of the apprenticeship classes on May 9, 1950. Refreshments will be ser\-ed to the boys who have labored over their studies all winter. Fraternally,
Isabel Busek, Secretary.
WASHINGTON STATE COUNCIL OF AUXILIARIES MEETS
The Editor:
The Eleventh Armual Con\ention of tlie Washington State Council of Ai.ixiliaries to the Carpenters and Joiners of America was held in Vancouver, Washington, May 11, 12, 13, 1950.
Reports from the Auxiliaries showed sixteen active growing organizations. (One more has been added since convention. Spokane has joined our ranks.)
Ed. Weston, President of the Washington State Federation of Labor, pointed out the privileges we enjoy in the United States of America, where conventions such as this can be held and the men and women of labor discuss problems freely. He also pointed out tliat those who do not go to the polls to vote are as much an enemy of labor as those who vote for candidates who are unfriendly to labor.
"Scott>'" Thorbum, Representative of American Federation of Labor, spoke to us and stated that we defeat the purpose for which we are fighting when we buy non-union merchandise. He spoke of the support given to American Federation of Labor by the Carpenters and said the AFL would not have suurvived the depression if the Carpenters had not assisted financially. He led the group in a silent tribute to the recently deceased "Chick" Omburn, who contributed so much to the cause of labor.
Perhaps the greatest inspiration came to us tlirough a young high school girl, Mary Frances Kimball, who had recently been awarded a $500.00 scholarship from the Oregon State Federation of Labor Pohtical League. It was apparent that the League had made a wise choice. Mary Frances is a lovely girl with a keen mind and perfect poise, a person not afraid to %vork for sometliing she feels worthy of her efforts. She plans to use this education to teach high school social science.
Sister M^-rrha Cesser urged us to widen our circle of interests, to become informed about activities in our communit>'; to become conversant witli our communit>''s needs. Then, with concrete information at hand about our town, its assets and its problems, we become useful, contributing members of its civic organizations. As such they udll welcome the opportunity' to work with us. It is also good public relations for we can say, "I received the experience to qualify me for this work through my acti^ities in my Car- penters' Auxilian,'.
A committee consisting of Phyllis Haggbloom, Sister Marlon and tlie past presidents ^^■as appointed to bring the By-Laws up to date and clarify some ambiguous wording.
May the coming year bring an increase in the membersliip of local aixxiliaries, the number of auxiharies in state councils, and in the number of state councils in the United States.
Fraternally,
M>Trha Cosser, Recording Secretary.
Craft ProblQms
Carpentry
By H. H. Siegele LESSON 264
Framing Curved-Edged Rafters.— In this lesson framing rafters that have curv^ed edges wiR be treated, especially the fram- ing of hips and jacks. While only the ogee cur\'e is used here, the principle will apply to problems involving any other irregular- shape, and while only the regular hip roof is used in the illustrations, the principle will also apply to irregular pitch and irreg- ular plan roofs.
Obtaining Curv-ature of Hips.— Fig. 1 is a diagram of a corner of a hip roof, whose
Fig. 1
rafters have an ogee cutr\"atiire. To the upper right is showTi a common rafter as if it were lying on the side. The base of this rafter is on line c-a, while line c-b gives the base of the hip rafter. To obtain the cmvatmre of the hip rafter, di\"ide the base of the common rafter into a certain nmnber of equal spaces (imequal spaces will also work). The more spaces the more accurate will be the results. In this case there are 12 spaces. After raising the 12 perpendicular lines, as showTi, from the base of the common rafter to the cur\'ed upper edge of the rafter, drop these lines, as showTQ by dotted Hues, from the common base to the base of the hip rafter. Where these Lines intersect the hip base, draw 12 right- angle lines, as showTi. Then make hne 1
of the hip equal in length to line 1 of the common rafter, as indicated by the dotted part-circle to the left. With a compass trans- fer the respective lengths of the other lines
Fig. 2
' .^ .3
to the respective Hnes of the hip rafter, and mark them as sho%\Ti. This done draw a cvir\'ed hne through the points marked, v/hich should give you the cur\"at\ire of
the top of the hip rafter as shown by Fig. 2 at the bottom, in an upside down posi- tion.
Rafters Developed.— Fig. 2 shows the com- mon rafter and the hip rafter developed in
THE CARPENTER
39
full. The two dotted part-circles to the left show how the top cut of the common rafter has been transferred to the hip. With the bottom edge of the hip drawn, the curvature of the upper edge of the hip rafter can be found by making lines 1, 2, 3, etc. of the hip rafter respectively the same lengths as lines 1, 2, 3, etc. of the common rafter, measuring from the bottom edge of the
Fig. 4
rafters in both cases, and then drawing in the curved line as explained in the other case. A little study will show that the two methods are practically the same in prin- ciple.
Different Lengths of Jacks.— Fig. 3 shows how to get the different lengths of the jack rafters. The common rafter is shown on the side, and a one-line plan shown below with two hip rafters. The jack rafters are num- bered from 1 to 6. Now the points where the jacks intersect the hip to the right, as shown by dotted lines, are raised to the base line of the common rafter and on up to the
curved top edge. The top cut of the com- mon rafter is shown numbered 1, which gives the length of the longest jack, Num- ber 2 gives the next longest jack, and num- ber 3 the next, and so on down to number 6. Side views of the six jack rafters are
shown by Fig. 4. The plan shown by Fig. 3 gives two hip rafters, so two pairs of each jack must be made, excepting the longest jack for which only one pair is needed, to- gether with a single jack having a double bevel where it joins the two hips. This is numbered 1 at the bottom section of Fig. 3. Stepping Off Common Rafter.— Fig. 5 shows two views of the common rafter in little larger scale. To the left is shown end view of the top cut and the bottom of the common rafter. To the right side view, with the square applied for ree full steps, and one half step, because there are 3 feet 6 inches in the run, measur- the run from the heel of the seat cut, rather than from the toe. This should be kept in mind, for stepping off and marking of such rafters must be done on the bottom edge. Stepping Off Hip.— Fig. 6 shows, also in a larger scale, the hip corresponding to the common rafter shown in Fig. 5. The hip run, as shown, is 4 feet 11 inches, plus, and the rise is the same as the rise of the common rafter, 4 feet 9 inches. While the stepping off here could be done on the basis of 4 full steps and one fraction of a step to take care of tlie 11 inches, plus; the method shown is a modification of the 12- step method, treated in an earlier lesson.
The way this is done, multiply both the run and the rise by, say, 3. Then let inches on the square represent feet, and take 4 steps. Why take only 4 steps? Well, be- cause 4 is one-tliird of 12. Multiplying the two figures by three increased the run and the rise taken on the square, and at the same time reduced the number of steps. Had tlie multiplying been done by 2, then 6 steps would have been necessary. Study tliis until you understand it.
Edge Bevel for Jacks.— Fig. 7 shows how to get the points to use on the square for marking the edge bevel for the jack rafters. The drawing shows tlie common rafter on the side, where c-d represents the run, d-a tlie rise, and a-c the rafter length. Now set
40
THE CARPENTER
the compass at point c, and transfer the rafter lengtli from c-a to c-b. The rafter length and the tangent will give the bevel. Mark on the rafter length.
Edge Bevel of Hips.— Fig. 8 shows how to get the points to use on the square for the edge bevel of the hip rafter. Here the hip is shown on the side, but in an up-
H. H.SIEGELE'S BOOKS
aUICK CONSTRUCTION.— Covers hundreds of prac- tical ouildiEs problems, has 256 p. and 686 il. $2.50
BUILDING. — Has 220 p. and 531 iL, coTering form building, garages, finishing, stair building, etc. $2.50.
ROOF FRAMING.— 175 p. and 43T il. Roof framing complete. Other problems, including saw filing. $2.50.
CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.— Has 159 p., 426 H, covering concrete work, form building, screeds, rein- forcing, scaSolding, other temporary construction. $2.50
CARPENTRY.— Has 502 p., :;4 il.. covering general house carpentry, estimating and other subjects. $2.50.
BUILDING TRADES DICTIONARY.— Has 380 p., 67'"i il., and about 7,000 building trade terms. $3.00.
You can't go wrong if you buy this whole set,
THE FIRST LEAVES.— Poetrv. Only $1.00.
TWipS OF THOUGHT.— Poetry. Only $1.00.
FREE. — With 3 books, one poetry book free, with 5 broks, t'.vo, and with 6 books, three. fWith less than 3 books, one of the poetry books for only 50 cents.)
Books autographed. Five-day Money-back guarantee.
Postpaid only when full amount comes with order. Order LI U CIP/^ITI F 222 So. Const. St. today. ■■" ■■• SItVaCS-Ci Emporia, Kansas QUANTITIES — 12 or more book; 20°i cff, f.o.b. Chicago
TTiTIimirTnin?
SHARPENING AND RETOOTHliiG SAWS
Gain EvDEPEND ENCE and SEC RITT with a full part time S A SHOP BISIXESS OF TOUR OWN Burr's precision saw shop machines help you do t better, faster job. and re- quire less space less time and lesi effort They eive a lifetime of service and have a ] year guarantee WRITE FOB FREE FOLDERS Valuable Boole. Send 25c in coin for Burr's Blue Book of Coast to Coast saw shop char- ges and other valu-
able
Qfor
side down position. The run is represented by c-d, the rise by d-a, and the rafter length by a-c. Xovv' set the compass at point c and transfer the rafter length from c-a to c-b. By taking the tangent on the tongue of the square and the rafter length on the blade, you can mark the edge bevel along the blade of the square. It should be remem- bered that in all cases where the top edge of the rafter is curved or irregular, the mark- ing is done on the bottom edge of the rafter. It should also be remembered that the run used in such operations is measured from the heel of the seat cut, rather than from the toe.
Principle the Same.— The student is ad-
\ised to study the various problems given
here, in keeping \viih similar problems that
have been treated before. For in principle
there is Httle difference, excepting the shape
of the upper edges of the rafters. 1- — «
Wants to Know A reader wants to know how to get the cuts for braces in the panels of garage doors.
BDRR MFfi. CO.,
Dept t-9. M«M5 Venice Bhd. L»> AneelF> .14. CaJif.
Fig. 1
when the bearings at the comers are equal, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
A ver\' practical and simple way is illus- trated by Fig. 1. The panel is 32 inches by
THE CARPENTER
41
48 inches. The two cuts can be obtained with tlie square by taking 48 inches, less the 4-inch bearing, or 44 inches; and 32 inches, less the 4-inch bearing, or 28 inches,
Fig. 2
as shown by the figures on the drawing. But these figures are too large to be taken on the square, so 44 and 28 will have to be re- duced by dividing both figures by 2, which will give 22 and 14. Now take 22 on the
MAKE
an hour
FILING .1 SAWS With the ZAPART FILER
Available in 2 Models — Prices $36 & $48 attachments extra
ZAPART SAW FILER
586 Manhattan Ave. BROOKLYN 22, N. Y.
Exclusive Manufacturer & Distributor
blade and 14 on the tongue of the square— the blade will give the cut that joins the side of the panel, while the tongue will give the cut that joins the end of the panel.
Fig. 2 shows the same layout with the braces in place. Here 12 is taken as the base figure, while the key figure that is used on the tongue, must be found by applying the square as shown. Square A is in position for marking the cut that joins the side of the
SAVE TIME! SAVEiVIONEY! with
TRIP-HAMMER
Saw-Set
FOOT TREADLE OPERATED
• LIGHT WEIGHT
• TOOL BOX SIZE
• SETS UP EASILY Postpaid • MONEY BACK GUARANTEE
Set saws faster. NO CRAMPED HANDS. Every tooth set uniformly. Handles 5 to 12 point hand saws, 3" to 10" circular saws. Two man cross cut saws.
Send Check, Money Order or Postal Note. P. O. Box C-2864 Rocky River Station, Ohio
ARDEE TOOL CO.
THE BEST CRAFTSMEN ALWAYS TAKE PAINES
to ^^^^^ USi
iRQN^#
CUTS FASTER, CLEANER IN HARD OR SOFTWOOD
i>M%^
EXPANSIVE BIT
Simplified design, no blade slip- page. Chrome vanadium steel 1 blades, all chrome body. Quick, 'accurate adjustment; self-clear- ing lead screw. GUARANTEED.
Model Expansion Cap. Ret. Price
250
1/2"— 1-1/2"
7/8"— 3"
$1.69
See your dealer or wrife ROBERT H. CLARK COMPANY
Beverly Hills, California
MANUFACTURERS OF PRECISION CUTTING TOOLS
1001 USES ABOUT THE JOB
Reduce your costs and save labor with Paine p«fw fforated Hanger Iron. You will find unlimited uce$ for this amazingly usable product: For hanging pipe, cable, conduit and for many types of strength- ening construction. Bend or twist it to fit your needs— hang it with nuts and bolts, screws or nails. Furnished in 10' zinc-plated coils, W wide and 20 gauge. Perforated with holes for Va" bolts on %" centers. Ask for Paine coiled Hanger Iron from your supplier today.
Write for catatog.
THE PAINE COMPANY
2967 Carroll Ave. Chicago 12, HI.
|
m ^ |
|
B— V3^? |
42
THE CARPENTER
panel, ■ while square B gives the cut that joins the side of the panel. The same fig- ures are used in both applications, but in A the blade gives the cut, while in B the tongue gives the cut. Square C gives the
2-4-(S
<J-+-2
Fig. 3
application of the square to get the cut for the center joints.
Fig. 3 shows a rather long panel with three braces on top of each other, joining the same two corners. The cross section at
You Need an
EMPIREfor
Top-Level Craftsmanship!
EMPIRE stands for extreme accuracy wherever good levels are used — and that's why craftsmen by the thousands consider it their first and only level. When you use Model 151, illustrated, you'll know the advantages of inter- changeable vials, accurate adjustments for pitch work, precision machined edges and easily read marks. Have your dealer show you Model 151 and other EMPIRE Levels, or write for details.
Extreme *»*Tj|piB^ EMPIRE {^i?^:^^^
Accuracy
EMPIRE LEVEL MFG. COMPANY
Dept. TC, 10930 W. Potter Rd., Milwaukee 13, Wis.
the center shows the position they hold. The first, brace has' 6-inch bearings, the second brace has 4-inch bearings, and the third brace has 2-inch bearings. Although the! three braces join the same two corners, theyl do not hold the same position, as to angles, slopes, and cuts. The purpose of Fig. 3 is to show that when the wddths of the braces j are different, the positions of the braces in j the panel are changed accordingly.
SUPER 101 BUTT GAGE
SPEEDS DOOR HANGING
Light, precise steel template for locat- ing both 31" and 4" standard butt hing- es. Hold to door or jamb. Mark with knife blade, scriber or ONLY $1.00 ea. ^ chisel. Scratch
depth with edge of template. Remove chips in normal manner. Chrome finish gage is easy to carry ; simple, fast, accurate to use.
SUPER 99 SQUARE
GAGE
Light, precision made gages. To be used with carpenter's steel sciuares. Valuable in laying our nu- merous repeat an- gles as in stair stringers, hip and O^LY $1.25 pr.
,, „, .„ If Dealer Cannot Supply
valley rafters, etc. order Direct, Postpaid
CC-9 317 E. 4th Street. Los Angeles 13, Calif.
A. D. McBURNEY
MILLERS FALLS COMPANY
For faster, easier, more accurate work —
THE NEW LANGDON ACME
Favorite of carpenters for genera- tions — the Langdon Acme is now even better than ever. In every de- tail it brings you the last word in design and construction — without question the finest mitre box made. See it at your dealer's soon.
MILLERS FALLS TOOLS
BUILD PRESTIGE ... SATISFY
CUSTOMERS rftfsfasy; Economical Way
B1LL,Y0U'LLBE GLAD I SPECIFIED NICHOLS NEVEP-STAIN ALUMINUM NAILS FOR YOUR HOME. THEY won't RUST LIKE ORDINAR/ NAILS. THEY WON'T STREAK OR STAIN PAINTED SIDIN6 OR CAUSE SIDIN6 TO LOOSEN THROUGH NAIL RUST. VETTHEV COST LESS THAN *3.50 MORE THAN ORD- INARY NAILS FOR YOUR FIVE-ROOM HOUSE
:ed/ THERE'S A BIG DIFFERENCE IN NAILS!
Nichols Never-Staln Aluminum Nails are etched from head to tip for greater holding power . . . drive easily . . . lighter to carry . . , and cost less to apply because no countersink- ing or puttying is necessary! Billions have been used.
WIDE VARIETY OF TYPES AND SIZES
?40W PACKAGED FOR THE JOB!
•'Aluminum Roofing Nails: 'Wood Siding Nails — Casing or Sinker Head • Asbestos Siding Nails • Rock Lath Nails • Shingle Nails • Asbestos Shingle Nails • Cedar Shake Nails • Driwall-Bpard Nails • Roofing Nails with or
■ - .-J-^^^,^^^_/\'^ .' without Gopa-Lee neoprene washers .
NICHOLS WIRE & ALUMINUM CO.
General Office and Plant — Davenport, Iowa
Branches — Mason City, Iowa • Battle Creek, Mich. South Deerfield, Mass. • Oakland, Cal. • Seattle, Wash.
U M I N U M IS NOT A SUBSTITUTE!
SPBevcon toolsz
WUC SAVB YOU TIME AND MONey
SPEED SAW FILER Now file your own saws! Precision fil- ing easy without experience. Two sim- ple adjustments. Keeps any hand saw extra sharp and true cutting. Complete with file and ready to use $2.9S
DRILL GRINDER
Makes old drills cut like new. Sharpens 3/32" to \W drills with factory accuracy in 30 sees. No ex- perience necessary. Use with hand or power grinding wheels. $2 95
SPEED HANDLE Holds files, razor blades, taps, drills, Allen wrenches, bits etc. Operates similar to drill chuck. Precision made. Handiest tool in tool box. $1
SPEED GRIP PLANE Precision made, pocket sized plane as easy to grip as big one. S'A" X I 'A" face. Can't be beat for all around fitting and finishing. Blade guaranteed to hold edge. $1.95
SPEED SAW CLAMP Grips full length of hand saws — 30 inches. Saves time. Attached or released from bench in 15 seconds. Lifetime construction. Holds entire saw true without vibration. $4.95
CIRCULAR SAW FILER Sharpen circular saws like an expert. Adjustable for any pitch or angle. Complete with file and mandrels for blades with </2"> %", %", 13/16" center*. $6.95
Order Today! Cash with order, prepaid. COD postage extra. Money back Guarantea
SPEEDCOR PRODUCTS °-?.;;.'.;?iX"'
.S."»°>
y^ HANG THAT DOOR THE PROFESSIONAL WAY!
Makes a clean-cut, deeply-etched profile on door. Keraove chips. Repeat operation on jamb. Hang door! No adjustments. No fussing. Precision made. Drop-forged, heat-treated steel. Comes in 3", 3i" and 4" (Std) sizes.
ONLY $1.75 ea. — $3.50 a pair (any two) — $5.25 complete set of three. If dealer can't supply, send only $1.00 with order and pay postman balance plus post- age C. O. D. In Canada, .2.5c higher per order. No C. O. D. State sizes wanted.
USERS PRAISE HIGHLY
"Really a help for the 'old hands' and almost a 'must' for the nen boys."
S. H. Glover Cincinnati, Ohio
"The greatest help In
hanging doors I have ever seen."
J. Allen Charles
Mullins, S. C.
Comes With Conceded by carpenters to be almost indispensable, Leatherette case j^g hundreds of testimonials in file show. ("E-Z Mark" Trade Mark Reg.)
E-Z MARK TOOLS, Box 8377 Dept. C, Los Angeles 16. Cal.
E-Z MARK TOOLS, Box 8377, Dept. C. Los Angeles 16, Calif.
V
ham
I
C/ip and mail handy order form below.
Gentlemen
'E-Z'
Please send the follovying Check
n one of any siie $1.75
n two of any size $3.50
n complete set of three any size $5.25
I enclose check or money order Q
Send C. O. D D
Mark Butt Gauges as checked below: Size
Name:
Address: City.
State: ':
.Zone-
If you like fine tools
...then you'll really enjoy the smooth, fast action of the 'GREENLEE 22" Solid-Center Auger Bit. And you know it reaches you "factory sharp," for each is Plasik-Sealed with a special protective coating. Ask your hardware dealer for "GREENLEE 22."
GREENLEE
SPECIAL OFFER . . . WOODWORKING CALCULATOR. ..104. Quick solutions to countless problems. ..converting linear to board feet, nail and bit sizes, etc Send 10c to Greenlee Tool Co., 2089 Columbia Ave., Rockford, IIL
NOW
\ Earn Better Pay This Easy Way
CARPENTERS' CHOICE!
LUFKIN "LEADER" WITH
CHROME -CLAD
BLADE!
Easy to Read Markings That Are Durable >■
With carpenters who put measuring tapes to the toughest tests . . . the Lufkin "Leader" Chrome-Clad Steel Tape is first choice. Here's why the "LEADER" gives longer wear— easier reading— more accuracy:
• Non-glare CHROME-CLAD satin finish.
• Prominent black markings contrast against chrome white background.
• Finish will not crack, chip, peel, or corrode.
• Steel lope line kink and v/ear resislanl.
• Sturdy steel case — handsomely covered.
• Resists both rust and corrosion.
SEE IT . . . THE LUFKIN CHROME -CLAD "LEADER"!
THE LUFKIN RULE CO. • TAPES • RULES • PRECISION TOOLS I SAGINAW, MICHIGAN • New YorK City • Barrie. Ontario
CARPENTRY ESTIMATING
...QUICK.. .EASY.. .ACCURATE
vtrith this simplified guide!
You can earn higher pay when you know how to estimate. Here is everything you need to know to "take off" a bill of materials from set of plans and specifications for a frame house. Saves you time figuring jobs, protects you against oversights or mistakes that waste materials and cost money. Nothing compli- cated— just use simple arithmetic to do house carpentry estimating with this easy-to-use ready reference handbook.
SIMPLIFIED CARPENTRY ESTIMATING
Shows you, step by step, how to figure mate- rials needed for (1) foundation, (2) framing, (3) exterior finish, (4) interior finish, (5) hardware, and (6) stairs. Gives definite "take- off" rules, with many quick-reference tables and short-cut methods that simplify the work.
onrAllia CCATIIDrQ* Lumber Checking List. Mill- OrtUIHL rCHIUnCO. work Checking List. Hard- ware Checking List. Materials Ordering Information. Quick- Figuring Tables for estimating concrete footings and walls, concrete piers, window frames, door and window areas, sash weights, nail quantities. How to figure labor hours per unit of work. Rules for linear, area and volume measurement. Mathematical reference tables, including dec- imal equivalents, lumber reckoner, conversion of weights and measures, etc. New chapter, "How to Plan a House," gives useful data for contractors and material dealers.
TIIDBI TA OUADTCD D vvhen you receive this book. lUnn lU VnHrlCn O, and see the "Estimating Short Cuts" you can use for Quick figuring of board foot- age. Here are simplified ways to estimate lumber needed for floors, walls, ceilings, roof, door and window frames, inside trim for these frames, inside trim for inside doors, and drawers and cabinets. This chapter alone can be worth the entire price of the book to you!
Send No Money
EXAMINE 10 DAYS FREE
Just fill in and mail cou- pon below to get "Sim- plified Carpentry Esti- mating" for 10 DATS FREE TRIAL. If not fully satisfied, return the book and owe nothing. If you keep it, send only $3.50 plus few cents post- age in full payment. Toil take no risk. Mail cou- pon now.
MAIL THIS COUPON
SIMMONS-BOARDMAN Publishing Corp. (Carp. 950) 30 Church Street, New York 7, N. Y.
Send me for 10 DAYS FREE TRIAL. "Simpli- fied Carpentry Estimating." I will either return it in 10 days and owe nothing, or send only $3.50 (plus shippir.g charges) in full payment.
City & State
THE CARPENTER'S HANDY HELPER
/
a
\oekct^^
wMm. mm
has dozens of uses on every job !
For that ''FINISHED TOUCH*' Plastic Wood can be used for filling:
• Nail holes
• Cracks due to wood
shrinkage
• Countersunk screws
• Old screw holes
• Loose dowel pins
• Broken railings
• Split, cracked or splintered
wood in bowling alleys.
HANDLES LIKE PUTTY... HARDENS INTO WOOD
Keep a supply of PLASTIC WOOD SOL- VENT on hand to control the consistency of'PLASTIC WOOD. SOLVENT is also used for cleaning hands and tools.
• On sale at all Builders' Supplies,
Hardware and Paint Stores
BUY THE 1 lb. CAN
Boyle-Mldwoy tnc
22 Coil dOth Strt«l N«w Y«fk I 6. N. r.
Ist-^Measure tread or riser in 10 seconds
ELIASON STAIR GAUGE'
Saves HALF Your Time Building Staircases
In 10 seconds you get both correct length and angle for stair treads, risers, closet shelves, ready to mark board. Each end automatically pivots and locks at exact length and angle needed for perfect fit. Length adjustable from 20" up. Saves a day or more, increases your profits $20 to $30 on each staircase. Fully guaranteed. Circular on request
Only $12.95 cash with order, or C.O.D. plus postage.
CLIASON TOvL CO. Minneapolis 17, Minn.
Dealers and Agents Write Us
2nd — Mark board ■with gauge for perfect fit
Full Length Roof Framer
A pocket size book with the EN- TIRE length of Common-Hip-Valley and Jack rafters completely worked out for you. The flattest pitch is Vz inch rise to 12 inch run. Pitches in- crease V2 inch rise each time until the steep pitch of 24" rise to 12" run is reached.
There are 2400 widths of build- ings for each pitch. The smallest width is % inch and they increase 1/4" each time until they cover a 50 foot building.
There are 2400 Commons and 2400 Hip, Valley & Jack lengths for each pitch. 230,400 rafter lengths for 48 pitches.
A hip roof is 48'-9i4" wide. Pitch is IVz" rise to 12" run. You can pick out the length of Commons, Hips and Jacks jjj Qj^j, ]viiNUTE Let us prove it, or return your money.
Getting the lengtht of raften by the span and the method of setting up the tablet is fully pro- tected by the 1917 & 1944 Copyrights.
Price $2.50 Postpaid. If C. O. D. pay $2.85.
Californians Add 8c. Money back privilege.
Canadians use Money Orders.
A. RIECHERS
p. O. Box 405 Palo Alto, Calif.
NOTICE
The publishers of "The Carpenter" reserre the right to reject all adTertlsing matter which may be, In their judgment, unfair or objectionable to the membership of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America.
All Contracts for advertising space In "The Car- penter," Including those stipulated as non-can- cellahle, are only accepted si'bject to the abore reserved rights of the publishers.
Index of Advertisers
Carpenters' Tools and Accessories
Page
The American Floor Surfacing
Machine Co., Toledo, Ohio 5
Ardee Tool Co., Rocky River
Station, Ohio 41
E. C. Atkins & Co., Indianapolis,
Ind. 4th Cover
Burr Mfg. Co., Los Angeles, Cal. 40 Robert H. Clark Co., Beverly
Hills, Calif. 41
Henry Disston & Sons, Inc.,
Philadelphia, Pa. 48
Dremel Mfsr. Co., Racine, Wis. 47 Eliason Tool Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 46
Empire Level Mfg. Co., Mil-wau-
kee. Wis. 42
E-Z Mark Tools, Los Angeles,
Cal. 44
FIorboss-Habit Co., Chicago, 111. 7
Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 48
Greenlee Tool Co., Rockford, III.. 45 The Lufkin Rule Co., Sagina-vv,
Mich. 45
A. D. McBumey, Los Angeles,
CaL 42
Millers Falls Co., Greenfield,
Mass. 42
Nichols Wire & Aluminum Co.,
Davenport, Iowa 43
The Paine Co., Chicago, 111 41
Plastic Wood, New York, N. Y. 46
Skilsaw, Inc., Chicago, 111 6
Speedcor Products, Portland, Ore. 44
Stanley Tools, New Britain,
Conn. 3rd Cover
Zapart Saw Filer, Brooklyn, N. Y. 41
Carpentrj' Materials
E. L. Bruce Co., Memphis, Tenn. 3rd Cover The Upson Co., Lockport, N. Y. 8
Technical Courses and Books
American Technical Society,
Chicago, III. 47
Audel Publishers, New York,
N. Y. 3rd Cover
Chicago Technical College, Chi- cago, 111. 3
A. Riechers, Palo Alto, Cal 46
H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans 40
Simmons-Boardman Publishing
Corp., New York, N. Y 45
Tamblyn System, Denver. Colo— 43
KEEP THE MONEY IN THE FA^^LYI
PATRONIZE ADVERTISERS
9BiG BUILDING BOOKS
12th Edition for EXAMINATION
SEND NO MONEY
Learn to draw plans, estimate, ba a Uve-wLre builder, do remoieling, take contracting jobs. These 9 pracUcal. pro- fusely illustrated books coTer subjects that will help you 10 get more work and make more money. Masonry, c^i^n-
?rr:e forms, carpentry, steel square, rchof framing, construc- :i:n, pI-jEbing, heating, painting, decorating and many other 5ub;ects. More than 40Q0 pages — 275j lliusirations.
BEHER JOBS - BETTER PAY ^^d'',t?o'n
A nationwiie building boom is In full swing and trained men are needed. Big cppor'.uniiies are always for ME>' W"HO K:N'0W how. These books sup- ply quick, easily understood training and tandy, permanent reference Information that helps solve building problems.
These books are the most up-to- date and complete we have erer pub- lished on these many subjects.
Coupon Brings Nine Big Bool^s For Examination
.\MIRIC.\-N TECKN'IC.U SOcilY " Pnbliihcn smce 1898
Dept, G-636, Drexei at 38th Street. Chicago 37, [II. Tou may ship me the TTp-to-Date edition of your nine big books, "Building, Estimating, and Contraclng" with- out any obligation to buy. I will pay the delivery charges only, and If fully satisfied in ten days. I will send you Jo.O'T, and after that only $-4.00 a month, until the total price of only $34.80 Is paid. I am not oblleated la Ui7 way unless I keep the books.
Address
City State
Attach letter stating age, occupation, employer's name and address, and name and address of at least one buslneii man as reference. Men In service, also give home addreu.
FINER FINISH SANDING AT A NEW LOW PRICE!
OKES
PER MINUTE
EVERY CARPENTER NEEDS
EVERY CARPENTER CAN AFFORD THIS TOOL!
Here for the first time in the building field. is a fast cutring nni.-h ia::Jer ar a remarkabiy lo-w price. It's sturdily built to -withstand con- tinuous operation, and has a straight-line recip- rocating action— leaves no cross-grain or rotary scratches. Weighs 5 lbs. No bearing-down . . . weight of Sander does the work. Only 2 mov- ing parts . . . never needs oiling. Uses 110- 120 V. A. C. Dust-proof, fool-proof, fully guaranteed. Size 3H" ^ -iVi" ^ ""• Paper can be changed in seconds. Call your sup- plier or write for details.
DREMEL MANUFACTURING CO.
2422 18th Street
Rocine, Wisconsin
YOUR skill helped by
skill
Skilled Disston veterans put Disston Saws through scores of tests
Work faster and easier, save material, do
less sharpening, by using Disston Saws. They're
made of Disston Steel with Disston SkiU. That
means strictly uniform hardness and temper, true
taper grind, tooth edges that last longer— plus
balance and flex that carpenters say is '*just right."
The economy that comes from quality has made Disston
the saw most carpenters use.
HENRY DISSTOK & SONS, INC., 904 Tacony, Philadelphia 35, Pa., U.S. A.
In Canada, write: 2-20 Fraser Ave., Toronto 3, Ont.
^llahA
$20 \o $30 a Week
IXmfii MONEYS
With the high prices of food, clothing and everything else, just think what you could do with extra money every week! Turn your spare time into CASH — sharp- ening iiv/B with a Foley Automatic Saw Filer pays up to $2 or $3 an hour. Start in your basement or garage — no experience necessary. "The tirst saw I sharpened with my Foley Filer came out 100%"— writes Clarence E. Parsons. No Canvassing — "I advertised in our local paper and got in 93 saws" — says M. L. Thompson. With a Foley you can file all band saws, also band and crosscut circular saws.
FREE BOOK
Shows How To Start
"Independence After 40" explains how you can get business from home own ers, farmers, car penters, schools, fac tories, etc. "I get work from 20 and 30 miles away," says Charles H. Smith. Investigate — no salesman will call — send coupon today.
Se*u^ ^(MfKM 7<w FREE BOOK
FOLEY MFG. CO. 91t-0 Foley Bldg., Minntapolis U. Minn.
Send FREE BOOK— "Independence After 40"
Name -. Address
LEARN TO ESTIMATE
If you are ambitious to have your own busi- ness and be your own boss the "Tamblyn System" Home Study Course in Estimating will start you on your way.
If you are an experienced carpenter and have had a fair schooling in reading, writing and arithmetic you can master our System in a short period of your spare time. The first lesson begins with excavations and step by step instructs you how to figure the cost of complete buildings just as you would do it in a contractor's office.
By the use of this System of Estimating you avail yourself of the benefits and guidance of the author's 40 years of practical experience reduced to the language you understand. You will never find a more opportune time to establish yourself in business than now. Study the course for ten days absolutely free. If you decide you don't want to keep it, just return it. Otherwise send us $8.75 and pay the balance of $30.00 at $7.50 per month, making a total of $38.75 for the com- plete course. On request we will send you plans, specifications, estimate sheets, a copy of the Building Labor Calculator, and com- plete instructions. What we say about this course is not important, but what you find it to be after you examine it is the only thing that matters. You be the judge; your deci- sion is final.
Write your name and address clearly and give your age, and trade experience.
TAMBLYN SYSTEM
1115 So. Pearl St., C-45, Denver 10, Colo.
STANLEY
Ho. 227
. ixferisioii: Rut® \ witli the "Greeii irids
• Straight-grained Maple sticlcs — extra thick — tough and flexible. 'Large black Gothic numerals. Graduated in ]6ths on all edges. Brass slide extends 6 inches. NEW plastic finish on all sticks — wears 4 times longer. Nickel silver joints — rust-resistant. "Ball socket" action pre- vents stretching. 6 inch folds.
Take measurements faster, easier with the Stanley- No. 227 Extension Rule. Has all the features of Stanley "Green End" Rules plus a 6 inch brass ex- tension for accurate inside measuring. You get more value . . . more measure-ability in the Stanley No. 227 Extension Rule. See the No. 227 and other Stanley Rules at your local dealer's — there's a wide range of styles, sizes and markings.
STANLEY TOOLS New Britain, Conn*
THE TOOL BOX OF THE WORLD
[STANLEY]
Reg. U.S. Pat. Off.
(ARDWARE • TOOLS • ELECTRIC TOOLS • STEEL STRAPPING •STEEL
BRUCE
IHardwood Flooring
BLOCK • PLANK • STRIP
AUDELS Carpenters and Builders Guides
4vois.$6
Inside Trade Information
for Carpenters, Builders, Join- ers, BuildinET Mechanics and all Woodworkers. These Gaides grive yoa the short-cut instruc- tions that FOQ want— includine new methods, ideas, solutions, plans, systems and njoney sov- mg suggestions. An easy pro- gressive course for the appren- tice and student. A practical daily helper and Quick Refer- ence for the master worker. Carpenters everywhere are us- ing these Guides as a Helping Hand to Easier Work, Better Work and Better Pay. To get this assistance for yoorsalf. Bimpl^ finjn ar^d mail
nply fill in and _ . . . lil FEEE COUPON below.
Inside Trade Information On:
How to use the steel square — How to file and set saws — ^How to build furniture — How to use a mitre box — ^How to use the chali line — How to use rules and scales — How to make joints — Carpenters arithmetic — Solving mensuration problems— Estimating strength of timbers — Bow to set girders and sills — How to frame houses and roofs — How to estimate costs — How to build houses, barns, garages, bungalows, etc. — How to read and draw plans — Drawing up Bpeciflcations — How to excavate — How to use Bettings 12. 13 and 17 on the steel square — How to build hoists and soaflolds — skylights — How to build stairs — How to put on Interior trim — How to hang doors — How to lath — lay floors — How to paint.
AIJDEL, Publ'isiiers, 49 W. 23rd St., New York 10, N. Y.
Mail Audels Carpenters and Builders Guides, 4 vols., on 7 days' free trial. If OK I will remit $1 in 7 days and $1 monthly until $6 is.paid. ■•Otiierwise I will return them. No obligation unless I am satisfied.
Occupation-
Employed by-
CAB
OF ALL FINE SAWS ... THE FINEST ARE "SILVER STEEL" SAWS
only ATKINS makes SAWS
Atkins "Si/vef Sfee/" circular and compass saws are un- equalled for fast-cutting, stay- sharp qualities! . . . Make cer- tain the words "^Silver Steel" are etched on the blade when you buy a saw for any purpose.
Atkins No. 65 saw — outstanding favorite with craftsmen carpenters for many years — has a running mate. It's Atkins Jr. -65 — a "chip off the old block" — an exact counterpart of Atkins No. 65, only smaller and lighter. Not only carpenters, but their sons and wives as well, will welcome this precision-made saw with its 16" "Silver Steel" blade. Perfection Handle and delicate balance. See it at your local hardware store.
E. C. ATKINS AND COMPANY Nome Office and Factory: 402 S. Illinois Street, Indianapolis 9, Indiana Branch Factory : Portland, Oregon, Knife Factory : Lancaster, Branch Offices: Atlanta • Chicago • New Orleans
Its 9, Indiana *
laster, N. Y. \ I
• New York \ 1
ATKINS^
Atkins "Silver Sftel' files designed for every filing need.
FOUNDED 1881
Official Publication of tfxe UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS of AMERICA
OCTOBER, 1950
Let's Not Forget
&mMM;sMmxsmM-z:i^'
WHEN STRIKERS WERE SHOT!
In 1887, an Eastern railroad cut its employes' wages 10 per cent— for the third time in three years. Workers left their jobs in protest. In Baltimore, the Sixth Maryland militia, marching to the railroad, fired on strikers and their supporters, killing twelve persons. After more than half a century of struggle by organized labor, strikers today are protected against such outrages. But, even today, there are selfish men seeking control of Congress who would turn back the clock to erase labors victories.
Protect Your Hard Won Gains"
REGISTER and VOTE
$200.00 To $400.00
A WEEK
with a
NO EDGER NEEDED
NO EXTRA MACHINES TO PAY FOR NO SPECIAL EXPERIENCE OR SKILL
I Yflll TOO TANf DO IT That's exactly what owners of the Florboss are
\ lUU il/U) V/ill l/U 11 reporting to us — earnings of $40 to $75 per day,
ji sanding new or old floors with the machine that Needs No Edger.
EASY -PROFITABLE.
One machine does the job complete — no edging ma- chine to tire your back — no stooping, bending or crawl- ing on hands and knees — no heavy weight lifting. Floor sanding is fast, easy. Big Pay Now. Full Time or Part Time — YOU WILL PROFIT.
'l?T\fr^ niTT WnW ^^^ about this wonderful machine and how you can start Tllll/ vU 1 llU tY right in and be successful. It costs less than $400, full price.
Monthly payments if desired.
PROVE IT TO YOURSELF BY OUR FREE TRIAL OFFER
FOR QUICK ACTION - EVBAIL COUPON
FLORBOSS-HABIT CO.
4181 Montrose Ave., Chicago 41, 111.
Please send complete information on the Florboss and Free Trial OfEer.
Name . Address
. State
City Zone
I am interested as a Building Contractor Going Into Business Floor Sanding Contractor
Please check one of the above.
TncCT^^frcR
Trade Mark Reg. March, 1913
A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.
PETER E. TERZICK. Editor
Carpenters' Building, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis 4, Indiana
Established in 1881 Tol. LXX — No. 10
INDIANAPOLIS, OCTOBER, 1950
One Dollar Per Year Ten Cents a Copy
— Con tents —
A Convention to Remember - _ . - 7
The Twenty-sixth General Convention sets a new record not only for size but also for harmoniousness and singleness of purpose. With a minimum of guest speakers, the convention devoted practically all its time to matters of direct interest to the membership.
We Have Shown the Way
10
In his opening remarks to the Convention, General President William L. Hutcheson reviews the long fight of the Brotherhood against communism during the years when the government was asleep to the menace communism constituted.
Unionism and the Future
16
Acting Secretary Albert E. Fischer looks back over the sixty-nine years during which the United Brotherhood has been in existence. With that in mind he looks ahead to the next seventy years and determines that strong, sound, stable unionism will be needed more than ever.
Why You Must Vote
19
One of the few reaMy progressive daily paper editors in the nation digs up a human interest story, showing the need for every working man registering to vote on election day.
OTHER DEPARTMENTS Plane Gossip Editorials The Locker - Official
In Memoriam Correspondence To The Ladies Craft Problems
14 24 27 31 32 33 38 41
Index to Advertisers
46
Entered July 22, 1915. at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., as second class mail matter, under Act of
Congress, Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for
in Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 8, 1918.
CARPENTERS
BUILDERS and APPRENTICES
I THOROUGH TRAINING IN BUILDING
iLearn at Home in Your Spare Time
The successful builder will tell you that the way to the top-pay jobs and success in Building is to get thorough knowledge of blue prints, building con- struction and estimating.
In this Chicago Tech Course, you learn to read blue prints — the universal language of the builder — and understand specifications — for all types of buildings.
You learn building construction details : foundations, walls, roofs, windows and doors, arches, stairs, etc.
You learn how to lay out work and direct building jobs from start to finish. You learn to estimate building costs quickly and accurate- ly. Find out how you can pre- pare at home for the higher- paid jobs in Building:, or your own successful contracting busi- ness. Get the facts about this income-boosting Chicago Tech training now.
liVlAIL COUPON NOW
Prepare for more pay, greater suc- cess. Learn how to lay out and run building- jobs, how to read blue prints, how to estimate building costs. Prac- tical training with complete blue print plans and specifications — same as used by superintendents and contractors. Over 46 years of experience in train- ing practical builders.
INCREASE YOUR INCOME
Hundreds have quickly advanced to fore- man, superintendent, inspector, estimator, contractor, with this Chicago Tech train- ing in Building. Your practical experi- ence aids your success. Get the technical training you need for promotion and in- creased income.
FREI
Blue Prints and Trial Lesson
Send today for Trial Lesson: "How to Read Blue Prints," and set of Blue Print Plans — sent to you Free. See for yourself how this Chicago Tech Course prepares you to earn more money, gives you the thorough knowledge of Building required for the higher-up jobs and higher pay. Don't delay. Mail the coupon today in an envelope or use a penny postcard.
C H I C AG O T E C H NIC A L C 6 LL E G E
TECH BLDG., 2000 SOUTH MICHIGAN AVE., CHICAGO I6.ILL.
Chicago Technical College
N.122 Tech Bldg., 2000 So. Michigan Ave.,
Chicago 16, Illinois
Mail me Free Blue Print Plans and Booklet: "How to Read Blue Prints' with information about how I can train at home.
Name Age
Address Occupation
City Zone ^ State
iL
WHEN THE CUSTOMER SAYS:
YOUR BEST ANSWER SS
BECAUSE
Upson Kuver-Krak Panels have a long record of satisfaction in re-cover- ing cracked ceilings!
No other material makes such beautifully modem home-style ceilings!
No material produces such trouble-free, long- lasting ceilings!
No other material is designed for use with Upson Floating Fasteners which eliminate visible face nailing!
No mjiterial decorates more effectively.
No other material is so widely advertised to home owners for re-covering cracked ceilings!
No other ceiling material has greater sales appeal.
Upson Kuver-Krak Panels are scienttficaUy processed under an exclusive formula. Lami- nated! A full 5 plys thick! Crackproof. Vre- sized! Attractively pebbled surface!
Install them with confidence. Their time- proved qualities produce unusual ceilings of enduring beauty — steady jobs through the years. For Instruction Sheets, mail the coupon!
oppi;<
•ith thii
Only Upton Panels (( unique Upson Floating Fastener. It onehort panels securely from the back. Eliminates visible face nailing. Designed to compensate for normal structural movement.
KUVER-KRAK
PANEU
EoMUy uiintified by the famoiM BLUE
|
THE UPSON COMPANY |
l^^i |
|
4310 Up*on Point, Lo^ekpori, Ntw Yorfc n Send roe Instruction Sheets for application of Kuver-Krmt Pan D Have your RepreseoLative call to give nae more Ln£>rmatioa „ ^._, ceiling market. *"^ NAME |
oo the cracked • |
|
• OTY STATE * |
■'WO** lMin4LL»
1'' 4" «TOB
pj^ijijoo StCTioN ■ TMtu ■ Cave.
r.4'pL»Ti.
NOW-Add to your ''know-how" of
HOUSE CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
t Save Money and Time with these Latest Professional Methods
Here is an exact working guide on every detail of house construction from founda- tion to finish. Tells you dimensions, ma- terials, processes, step-by-step working methods. Hundreds of scale drawings and photographs make every step easy to fol- low. Quick-reference index enables you to find instantly any construction detail on which you want modern, authoritative guidance. Can be used for alterations in
Every Step in House Construction Explained and Illustrated:
Excavations — Footings and drainage — Foundation forms — Sills — Girders — Joists — Sub-flooring — Exterior wall framing — Interior wall framing — Ceil- ing joists — Gable roof — Hip roof — Gambrel roof
— Dormers — Siding and shingling — Cornices — Torches — Exterior walls of wood — Exterior walls of brick — Interior walls finished in plaster, in plywood
— \Yall panels — Mouldings for interior trim — Stair construction — Windows — Sash details ■ — Window framing details — Doors and door trim — Hardware used in dwelling — Closets, shelves, built-in equip- ment — Breakfast alcove — Sewing room — Flooring
— Chimneys and fireplaces — Mantels and seats — Outdoor fireplaces — Scaffolds ■ — Garages — Electric wiring — Insulation — Arches and gates ■ — Lattice porch, lattice trellis — Garden benches, tables — Swings and other garden furniture — Picket fences - — Log cabins, camps, cottages — Barns — Feeders and nests — Rabbit hutch — Septic tank — Painting and finishing — Heating systems — Air conditioning sys- tems — Prefabricated houses • — LTseful information for home builders including architectural styles and data on modem building materials
313 Pages, Size S'Axll. Fully indexed. 1500 Illustrations.
High Praise! Read what Reviewers say—
"Best one-volume work on house building we have ever seen." — Walker's Library Service, Toronto
I'All the elements of house construction are considered in an orderly manner and are illustrated with great clarity." — The Architectural Forum
"An amazing number of illustrations, photographs, working drawings and cut-away sections fill this com- plete book for architects, contractors and builders." — Scientific American
More than 41,000 Satisfied users!
a set of stock plans, for making additions or changes in a building, or for complete construction of a dwelling. Conforms with modern practice and building regulations in all parts of the country. Gives you help- ful ideas on how to build in accordance with latest developments in painting, wir- ing, heating and air conditioning, insula- tion and sound-proofing.
The guidance you get on even a single house construction detail can repay you a hundred times the small cost of this re- markable volume. Send for free-ex- amination copy today. Mail coupon below.
Examine 10 Days Free
You don't risk a penny to find out how valuable "House Construction De- tails" can be to you. Just mail coupon. See for yourself how you get clear, professional guidance on every building detail. Then either send only $4.50 (plus postage) in full payment, or return the book and owe noth- ing. Mail free-exami- 1 nation coupon NOW.
MAIL THIS COUPON
Simmons-Boardman Publishing Corp., Carp. 1050
30 Church Street, New York 7, N. Y.
Send me for 10 DAYS' FREE EXAMINATION. "House Construction Details." I will either return it in 10 days and owe nothing, or send only $4.50 (plus ship- ping charges) in full payment.
Name
City & State
D
SAVE! Send $4.50 with this coupon and we will pay postage. Same return and refund privilege.
__ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ __ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — -^ —
I Ask any carpenter who ever worked bi the West Qnd he'll felt you . . . I There's nofhlitf tike a ynlon mode
The favorite Corpenler Overaj! on the Pacifk Coast for over 25 years, nov/ being made avaiJabte Jhroughoui the coantry. CosH a kittle more, fayt worth a {o» more!
Sifo-ncboid Sf€v&
CARPINTIR OYIRALL
with Slop-Loss pockets
MADE OF FINEST HEAVY WHITE SANFORIZED
Ask your dealer for them. If unavailable, order a p direct.
High back and ^^•ide suspenders
DRILL, EXTRA FULL CUT
2 h
Duck
hip pockets and 2 hammer straps
Stop-Loss rule or phers pocket of Duck
1 BROWNSTEIN-LOUIS COMPANY
I Makers of Stronghold Work Clothins since 1897
I 122S SAN' JULIAN" STP.EET, LOS ANGELES 15, CALIFORNIA
I Send me ^pairs Stronghold Union Made Carpenter
I Overalls with Stop-Loss pockets
I In sizes 32 to 42 waist. In sizes 44 to 50 waist,
I length 30 to 34, each length 30 to 34, each
I S-t.oO postage paid §4.75 postage paid
I Money-back guarantee if not satisfied.
I Send your exact size '.these are fuU cut overalls
! check
or money order
and for immediate deliver^'
I SIZE: Waist Length .
CITY ZO-VE
Combinatioa
Stop-Loss pencil and safet}' watch pocket on dip front bib
5 compartment reiriforced Duck sv.-inging nail pocket
2 Duck front pockets
Double knees
Nothing can fall out of Stop-Loss pockets. The patented Stop-Loss safet)- pockeb on the bib and side of leg \^-ill prevent loss of valuable tools and keep your wT.tch from injur)'. These Stop-Loss pockets and many other properly placed pockets and straps gWe you real help on the job.
{'less than 1% residual shrinkage, Govt, test.)
A Convention To Remember
WHEN GENERAL President William L. Hutcheson banged down his gavel at approximately one-thirty p. m. on the afternoon of September 12th to adjourn the Twenty-sixth General Convention sine die, he brought to an end one of the most successful meetings ever held by the United Brotherhood. For six days some 1,200 delegates from Local Unions representing better than fifty-four per cent of the total Brotherhood membership met in the Masonic Temple in Cincinnati to grapple with prob- lems of this unsettled era. Until well into the fifth day of the proceedings, every vote taken— and there were many of them— was decided by unanimous action. Only once or twice during the entire convention was there a split vote, and after healthy periods of
debate even these matters were de- cided by close to unanimous deci- sions; this despite the fact the Twen- ty-sixth convention was the largest in history. Such was the harmony and singleness of purpose which pre- vailed throughout the meeting.
ing growth of anti-labor legislation such as the Taft-Hartley Law. Speak- er after speaker dwelt on the vital need of eliminating these twin evils, and time after time the delegates took positive action on propositions designed to achieve this end. What-
During the six-day meeting action was taken on many matters pertain- ing to the welfare and security of Brotherhood members and all work- ing people. If there was any keynote to the convention, it was a unanimous determination to stop both the creep- ing paralysis of communism and stilt-
ever else it did, in no uncertain terms, the convention served notice on both the communists in Russia and the la- bor-haters at home that the United Brotherhood will never stop fighting for freedom, justice and the right of all working people to band them- selves together into democratic un-
1
o
I— I
H
W >
C
u w
O
H
H
H
W
.i c c «
i-rt C3 O ,S
s -fi •*= ■*-'
o fi
o «
-Si
C3 ^
.a s c
:: I"
o o ^
>< en
C o
C
o '5
o o
o.i
«i =^ *•
•3 ^
X
a» o 53 o
o .5 S S
i^
v
o
_ O -G -£
« -c ■*-'
« « O .S
>-i SL '■^
?- ., cj "^ n
J s C I 3
2 o « « .S
O
O fi
o
^ 'J .S- o 9
I C <U -G
4) « S ^ P5
^ S S ^ —
^ « « S «
« fL| .'s .2 *S
■£ -S -^ P
S O ^ i -
15 .—
^ o
o .S
o rj
O J5
"^ wo
2 ^
PQ 2
.S *3
fl i Sf «
.3 >^ .. '^
u *^ ^ d
^ CC '4^ £
THE CARPENTER
ions for the advancement of their crafts.
Amid enthusiasm seldom equalled anywhere, all General Ojfficers and members of the General Executive Board were nominated to succeed themselves without opposition. The four-year reports submitted to the convention by various General Of- ficers and the General Executive Board contained records of solid growth and progress despite the dif- ficulty of the times. For the fine job done, the delegates re-nominated all oflBcers for another term without op- position or a dissenting voice.
During the convention, many beau- tiful floral pieces were tendered to the General Officers and General Ex- ecutive Board by grateful subordinate bodies. One was in the form of a Brotherhood Label, another was in the form of the Brotherhood emblem, still another outlined the map of Texas. An outstanding piece in the form of a pilot's wheel measuring approximately eight feet across was presented to General President Hutcheson and the General Execu- tive Board. As the accompanying photo shows, these floral tributes all
but filled the gigantic stage of the auditorium.
A feature of the third day's after- noon session was the premiere show- ing of the Brotherhood's new, hour- long movie entitled "The Carpenter", which shows the infinite variety of skills and knowledge employed by Brotherhood members in the pursuit of their livelihoods, as well as the breadth and scope of the United Brotherhood which links together in common cause carpenters from Maine, lumber workers from Oregon, mill- wrights from Galifomia, pile drivers from Florida, and dozens of other types of skilled craftsmen in all parts of the United States and Canada.
While no one can safely presage what the years immediately ahead will hold for the working people in America, the harmony, and unity of purpose which prevailed at the Twenty-sixth General Convention in- dicate that the United Brotherhood will be ready to meet any challenges which may arise. A leadership which kept a steady hand on the helm through the perilous times of the last twenty years will still be on the bridge, which guarantees that the course will forward whatever the future may bring.
JOBLESS INSURANCE PROVING ITS WORTH
About 8 billion dollars has been paid out in benefits to unemployed covered workers since federal and state unemployment insurance legislation became effective.
Robert C. Goodwin, director of the U. S. Bureau of Employment Security, said in a statement on tlie 15th anniversary of the Social Security Act August 14tli that the un- employment insurance program has made a notable contribution to the strengthening of the American economy.
"During the several periods since 1939 when tlie company has been under a strain, unemployment insurance tided millions of workers over between jobs. The program showed its worth, particularly in the year following World War II, when more than 5 imilliqn workers drew benefits while the country reconverted to peacetime production. I "Again, in the year ended June 30, 1950, which included a part of the inventory wrecession begun at the end of 1948, a record 7.5 million workers drew umemployment insurance. Thus, benefit payments have been made in greatest volmiie in periods when unemployment was rising sharply.
"Unemployment compensation has not only served to meet a substantial part of the needs of individual unemployed workers in a period of stress but also increased con- sumer purchasing power when and where it would contribute most to strengtliening the economy."
10
We Have Shown The Way
(From the opening remarks of the General President to the Tw^enty-sixth General Convention held in the Masonic Auditorium, Cincinnati, Ohio, September 5th to September 12th. >
By WILLIAM L. HUTCHESON, General President
* * •
OUR TWENTY-SIXTH General Convention is meeting at a time of great national crisis. Savage and unwarranted aggression by inter- national communism has brought the nation and the entire civilized world to the brink of another world-wide war. Whether or not that war develops depends on a handful of haughty, cold-blooded, tyrannical men in the Kremlin; men to whom human life is as cheap as dirt, men to whom human dignity and human integrity have no value whatsoever, men to whom a vicious end justifies any means— the end being complete submission of the human race to their dictatorial wills.
Certainly the American people— particularly the working people, who do most of the dying, most of the suffering, and none of the profiteering during national conflicts— do not want war. Organized labor has always regarded war as the greatest enemy of mankind, and I am sure all of us in the labor move- ment sincerely hope and pray that another war can be avoided. But in all human affairs there inevitably comes a point beyond which compromise with evil becomes impossible. That point apparently has been reached on the international scene.
The United States and the other freedom-loving sovereign states, which comprise the United Nations, can no longer tolerate the treachery, chicanery and open aggression which have characterized all of the Kremlin's dealings with the world since the close of World War II. By every means short of complete surrender the United States and the rest of the non-communist world have endeavored to conciliate their differences with Stalin. Every effort has been met with double-dealing, trick- ery, and violation of treaties sup- posedly signed in good faith. Russia has not slowed up its program or raw aggression for a single moment since the end of World War II. But all the while the Russian propaganda cry is Peace! Peace! Common decency made necessary a stand in Korea.
International relations and diplo- matic strategy are frankly beyond my depth, and I make no pretense of possessing expertness along those lines. However, it is clear to me that
Wm. L. Huklitson
the nation is only today learning what we in organized labor learned long ago; namely, that you cannot do busi- ness with communists. For over a quarter of a century the communists have concentrated on boring from within insofar as the labor movement concerned. Hiding behind fine
IS
phrases and rosy promises, these com munist termites lied and cheated and double-crossed their way into power »^ in son^e spots in the labor movement. Posing as liberals and militant union
THE CARPENTER
11
men, they fooled all too many sincere union people. I am sorry to say our own Brotherhood was not entirely im- mune.
However, the oflBcers of the Broth- erhood and the American Federation of Labor were not fooled. They began fighting back many years ago, and I am happy to say that the communists in our ranks are few and far between but in their deceiving methods of pro- cedure they do show up occasionally, the result being that we of the Broth- erhood must be alert at all times and ready to deal with the situations when they arise. Being past masters of dis- tortion and character assassination, the communist termites never stopped trying to make black appear white. All of us who opposed them have been vilified and abused, subjected to the most vicious kinds of personal attacks. That process of character as- sassination is still continuing. By now, however, it should be clear to all union members that honesty, sincer- ity and truth are total strangers to communists and the communist psLVty.
We in the labor movement learned several decades ago that you could not depend upon, or even take the word or pledge of a communist. In our own way we had to devise ways and means of dealing with them. The government has been less fortunate or less astute; it is only now learning what we learned years ago— that it is impossible to do business with men to whom honesty and integrity are merely words in the dictionary.
This is the hour of crisis for free- dom-loving people everywhere. The full danger of communist treachery is at last becoming apparent to all with eyes to see and ears to hear. The die has been cast and there is now no turning back. Although the Korean situation cannot be viewed as any- thing but tragedy, at least it has done one thing; it has given us an oppor-
tunity to make ready for whatever further moves Russia and her satel- lites may make. Whatever course they pursue from now on should not find us unprepared.
Now, more than ever before in history, America must be united and strong. We must think as one and act as one, because the communist men- ace threatens everything we hold dear. The days ahead will require sacrifice and self-discipline from all of us. Individually and collectively we must be prepared to meet the chal- lenge. The menace of communism to the free world must be eliminated and steps should be taken immediately by our government to weed out and eliminate from our midst the propa- ganda of communism and those who advocate it.
If the last war taught us anything, it is that the skills and loyalty of America's millions of working men and women are the source of our greatest national strength. The abil- ity of free and independent American workmen to outproduce slave labor in the Axis countries was one of the most decisive factors in World War II. These skills and loyalties must be used to the maximum in the days ahead.
However, one of the ironies of the present situation is that the very skills and brawn of America's workmg peo- ple, upon which so much will have to depend in the future, have been placed under a handicap since the end of World War II. Passage of the Taft-Hartley Law has undermined the freedom of American labor. The working people will never become reconciled to its restrictive and dis- criminatory provisions. More than any other one thing, the communists use the Taft-Hartley Law as a propa- ganda weapon in endeavoring to con- vince workers of other lands that the
12
THE CARPENTER
equality of treatment long boasted of by America is nothing but a sham. Our government in Washington could undertake few steps more important to mobilizing our productive strength than immediately repealing the Taft- Hartley Law.
This is the twenty-sixth time the United Brotherhood has met. in gen- eral convention. The delegates who are seated today in this auditorium constitute a far-cry from the handful of men who met in Chicago sixty- nine years ago last month to bring into existence the Brotherhood of Car- penters and Joiners of America. That first convention of the Brotherhood was a momentous one. Thirty-six delegates, representing fourteen in- dependent unions in eleven cities at- tended that founding convention. Several previous efforts to establish a national organization of carpenters failed. Wages were low, working con- ditions were poor, and consequently, funds for organizing purposes were practically nil. About all those dele- gates to the first convention had was determination. However, they had plenty of that.
For several days they met and dis- cussed the situation confronting them. In the''end they laid down the prin- ciples and tenets by which our Broth- erhood is still governed to a large extent. Like the founding fathers of our nation, they planned wisely and well. This vast Brotherhood we be- long to today with its membership of close to three-quarters of a million in 2,800 Local Unions is living proof of that fact.
In all the years since the first gen- eral convention, the United Brother- hood has never been anything but a 100% American organization. The Brotherhood has never subscribed to the European concept of Unionism which holds that capital and labor are mortal enemies engaged in a Me
or death struggle until one or the other perishes. It never begrudged an employer an honest profit. It al- ways turned a deaf ear to the wild- eyed theorists and followers of misty Utopias. Last, but not least, it has been one of the most outstanding foes of communism and all it stands for. Circumstances may alter, conditions may change, but the United Brother- hood will never be anything but an American institution devoted to the ideals laid down in the constitution and broadened and polished by suc- ceeding generations. We have built a great institution on simple American principles. We have achieved under- standing with our employers, under- standing that was mature before some of the men who are now sitting in Congress trying to govern labor re- H lations by laws and compulsion were even born.
Whatever lies ahead, each of us will be called upon to make extraor- dinary sacrifices for some time to come. We must be prepared to make them, for in a world shot through with totalitarianism and force, Amer- ica will stand out as a beacon of hope for oppressed peoples throughout the universe, the same as it has for the last 175 years. Nowhere can I find greater inspiration than in the immor- tal words of Samuel Gompers who, in a Labor Day address in 1918, said:
"It is a very serious thing to ask men to give their lives for the deter- mination of a cause. But the ideal at stake is more than life— it is that which makes life worth living."
"We are winning the war for free- dom—let us hold steady until the war is won."
We in the labor movement, many years ago, recognized communism for the intolerable slavery which it really is. In our own democratic way we met the menace and defeated it. We must now give to all who care to
THE CARPENTER 13
listen the benefit of our experience rifice, we should be ready to do what-
so that a similar housecleaning can be ever is necessary to bring that about,
effected on a world-wide scale. ^ they demand self-discipline, we
should be prepared to discipline our- Free men in a free nation, we have selves. For seventy years our Brother- won for ourselves and our children hood has battled unendingly for a an undreamed of prosperity and se- good, secure and free life for all. In curity. These things we intend to the years to come we will still be hold. If the years ahead demand sac- found fighting for the same principles.
U. S. LABOR FORCE CAN BE INCREASED BY 5 MILLION
As a result of population increases, the Nation's total labor force can be increased substantially above the highest level reached during World War II, according to the U. S. Labor Department. Based on a study made public in a special issue of the Bureau of Employment Security's "Labor Market and Employment Security," the Department said the potential labor force would permit expansion to a level of 5.6 million more workers than at present.
However, the survey shows that even with the addition of this higher labor potential "it is already clear that there will be a serious over-all short- age of manpower in this country, if it becomes necessary to enter a period of full mobilization."
The BES analysis declares that full use of today's potential labor force, according to the pattern of World War II manpower requirements, would (1) allow an 11-million expansion in the armed forces, (2) allow a 3-million expansion in employment in war industries, (3) curtail "civilian industries" by 6.6 million.
The study points out: "The Nation's manpower potential, in case of war or other emergency, can be increased in several ways— by drawing on the unemployment; by recruiting people not now in the labor force from the homes and schools; and by increasing the number of hours worked per week. In addition, the labor force can produce a vastly expanded volume of war goods by using the skills of workers in industries converted directly to wartime products and transfering workers from curtailed production to essential production.
"Still another step to be taken is better utilization of persons in war work. World War II experience indicates that training, job breakdown and upgrad- ing will add tremendously to the productivity of a given group of employees. Moreover, improving plant and community facilities will reduce labor turn- over and absenteeism, thus adding further to the volume of goods and serv- ices.
"Restrictive hiring specifications can be relaxed, so that greater use can be made of women, older workers, minority groups, and the physically hand- icapped. These and other devices will add to the vital total productivity of our Nation's labor force. But even if it all were used to the optimum, for practical purposes there is still a finite limit on the manpower which can be drawn from the population to contribute to an all-out effort."
^ ', j-WB^^.^8H^ ft M^v
REMEMBER THE TEXAN
Although they don't need much excuse for raising prices, the rush of heavy buying of commodities which were in scarce supply during the last war has given the profiteers an ideal excuse for marking up their goods. Recently AFL commentator Frank Edwards told of an instance in Washington where a store bought a huge newspaper ad to tell its patrons that it would make every eflFort to keep down prices. The next morning a lady who read the ad was in the store mak- ing a few purchases when she noticed a clerk rubbing old prices off canned goods and putting on new ones. The store did not even wait until it got in more expensive goods before it started boosting prices.
Those who hoard are defeating their own purposes. There is enough of everything to go around if buying is kept to normal re- quirements. Hoarding makes for scarcity and scarcity inevitably brings on higher prices. Those who might be tempted to hoard ought to remember the story about the Texas cowboy. Browsing around in a Dallas store one day, he was approached by a young fluff of a clerk who asked if she could help him.
"No ma'am," replied the cow poke. "I ain't never seen so many things I could get along without."
"Got some small change? . . . That non-union firm is paying today!"
LEAVE IT TO THE FRENCH
France may be down but she will never be out; in witness of which we quote the following happenings:
Last month a Congressional committee de- bated the merits of a bill proposing that women be subject to the draft in case of a major war. Proponents of the bill insisted that there was little difference between men and women and that if one group was sub- ject to the draft to save the nation, the other group should be too. All that resulted from the meeting was a lot of talk without much action.
In the French Parliament recently a Deputy was making an impassioned speech on the legal status of women. At one point he cried: "After all, there is very little dif- ference between men and women." Where- upon the entire Chamber of Deputies rose as one man and shouted "Vive la difference!"
* • • TAFT WILL NEED PRAYERS
According to Ohio newspapers, a tre- mendous groundswell of labor support is swinging toward Taft. Many unionists, say the Ohio papers without batting an eye, are coming to realize that Taft is a wonderful friend of the working man. And the papers devote columns and pages to trying to pic- ture the bespectacled Senator from the Buckeye State as a great liberal.
It all sounds fine— if you have a short memory. But any working stiff who can remember how Taft voted on virtually all issues that promised to make life a little bit better for the working people knows differ- ently. Six years ago the Ohio papers put Taft over by a few thousand votes. They are confident they can do it again. However, as far as we can see, we feel that their confi- dence is something like that of a little girl in Alabama who believed implicity in the power of prayer. Recently her mother said to her: "Dear, don't you tliink you should include Uncle Walter in your prayer tonight —ask the Lord to help him get a job?"
The little girl agreed and put in a very fer- vent prayer for her uncle. The following night her mother again reminded her of Uncle Walter's need and asked her to pray again.
"But, Mother," the girl protested, "what's the matter with tlie job I got him last night?"
THE CARPENTER
15
MORE TRUTH THAN POETRY
Mr. Fitzgerald of Atlanta, Georgia, is credited with this story of a farmer talking to his mule while plowing:
"Well, Lightning, you're just a mule, and I'm a man and made in the image of God. But here we work, hitched up together year in and year out, and I often wonder if you work for me or if I work for you.
"We cover the same distance. But I do it on two legs and you do it on four, so I do twice as much work per leg as you do. Soon we'll be putting in our corn crop. When we Ijiarvest the corn, I'll give one-third to the Landlord . and one-third to you, and the balance is mine. You'll eat all but the cob. Lhave to share mine with my wife and six children, six hogs, sixty . hens, two ducks, a bantam rooster and a banker. If you and I both need shoes, you get 'em. Yes, sir. Lightning, you're getting the best of me.
"I ask you now, is it fair for a mule, the the son of a jackass, to swindle a man, the lord of creation, the most intelligent of all animals? You only help me plow and culti- vate. I must cut, shock and husk the corn while you hee-haw at me over the fence. All the year the whole family has to help me to scratch enough money together to pay the taxes and the interest on the mortgage on you, you ornery old critter. The only time I've got anything on you is on election day. I can vote and you can't. But after election day I realize I've been as big a jack- ass as your papa ever was. And I begin to wonder whether politics was made for men or for jackasses, or, just to make jackasses out of men. Honest now. Lightning, when you know all these things, how can you keep a straight face and look so dumb and innocent?"
* • * THE WRONG TECHNIQUE
"The war," says a key figure in Washing- ton, "dims politics." We would like to be- lieve that is true; but cold, hard facts belie the statement. Petty, self -centered men in the House and Senate are playing partisan politics to the hilt, much to the detriment of national security and the war effort. The way these pettifoggers are acting constant- ly keeps bringing to mind the old one about the tourist who came upon a grizzled old native fishing in a fine-looking trout stream.
"Are the fish biting today?" asked the traveler.
"If they are," replied the native, "they're biting each other."
That's the way it is with the few two- bit politicians we have in Congress; instead of biting the enemy, they are biting each other.
SO SAYS PAUP Busy trying to cross canaries with carrier pigeons so that they can deliver singing telegrams, Jo Paup, fiophouse poet laureate, took out time enough from his important re- search to opine:
"Many a man's train of thought carries no freight."
• * *
JOKE OF THE CONVENTION
Delegates to the Cincinnati convention heard many stories used by various speakers to illustrate a point. However, Thomas E. Ryan, director of labor relations, U. S. Pub- lic Housing Authority told one that really brought down the house.
It seems there were three old maids who lived together for years. They lived a very sheltered life, never going out and never mingling much with other people. They also had a cat named Minnie which led a very sheltered life too. Minnie was never allowed to prowl at night in the manner of ordinary cats.
One day one of the old maids met a man whom she found very interesting. Eventual- ly they decided to get married. The other two old maids protested, but without suc- cess. Finally they resigned themselves to the inevitable. But before the prospective bride left them, they extracted a promise from her that she would let them know what married life was like in the outside world. For days and days they waited to hear from their departed sister. Finally their came a three-letter telegram. All it said was, "Let Minnie out".
^43. '53-gIgEEB- © 1950 0\RL Stamm/Tz.
"Sorry, but these people request a union man!"
16
Unionism And The Future
By ALBERT E. FISCHER, Acting Secretary * •
NEARLY SEVENTY years have elapsed since Pete McGuire and a handful of courageous carpenters from the middle west met in Chicago — to organize our Brotherhood. Those seventy years have been the most fateful in the whole history of mankind. More changes have taken place dur- ing those years than in any comparable era on record. It is hard to conceive how astounded those old-timers, who started our Brotherhood, would be if they could, through some miracle, return to this earth for a few days to see the tremendous changes which have taken place.
However, it is not even necessary to go clear back to the men who founded our Brotherhood to emphasize the progress which has been made. Undoubt- edly there are many readers of this journal who worked ten hours a day for twenty-five cents an hour or less. Those were the wages and conditions that prevailed within the lifetime of some members who are still in our midst today. If only we will all stop and consider this for a moment we will all come to the conclusion that we owe a great debt of gratitude to our Brother- hood and to the men who built it and promoted it during the trying years when to admit union membership was to court discharge, blacklisting and worse.
Today's wages and working condi- tions did not just come about. They were fought for and sacrificed for by thousands of good rugged union men down the years. Unsung heroes, whose names are not even mentioned on any scroll or history book, lost their jobs and their homes and even their friends to build this Brotherhood and to lay the groundwork for the wages and conditions we now enjoy. I can never forget that fact and neither should you.
Looking back over the years, I mar- vel at the progress which has been made by this Brotherhood and by the American labor movement. We are approximately the same age as the in- dustrial revolution. In the Seventies
and Eighties a great industrial up- heaval got under way. Machinery be- gan taking the place of human brawn and human skill. Steam and electric- ity and steel and copper, wedded to- gether into machines, began taking the emphasis out of educated hands. The doors and sash and cabinets that old-time carpenters fashioned with know-how and skill right on the job began pouring off assembly lines in mills and factories. Men were afraid; and they had a right to be. One ma- chine was turning out more work than ten or twenty or fifty men could turn out by hand. The picture looked extremely black. But the workers of that day were determined not to take the loss of their jobs lying down. They began organizing unions— high among the best of them, the United Brother- hood of Carpenters and Joiners of America.
Year by year the industrial revo- lution picked up momentum. Year by year the importance of skilled hands was de-emphasized. But year by year the workmen also built their unions. What was the result? The result was
THE CARPENTER
17
that men began building better lives for themselves and their families de- spite the industrial revolution. Re- cently, the Department of Labor is- sued an anniversary issue of its pub- lication, Labor's Monthly Revue. That anniversary publication gives elo- quent testimony of the progress that has been made.
Taking into consideration all the price increases there have been, the Department of Labor study shows that today's worker is earning roughly twice as much as his grandfather did. And he is working from fifteen to thirty hours less per week to do so. Grandpa had to spend around 83 % of his earnings for shelter, food and clothing. Today, the average family has something like 40% of its income left after taking care of these essential items. Then there are the bakers, laundrymen, cleaners, etc., who to- day do a good deal of the arduous work grandma and grandpa had to do themselves at home.
That is a record of progress of which we can all be proud. It is a record of progress that throws into the teeth of communists the bare- faced lie that America is decadent or that democracy is not the best system there is for all people. Where else in the world has such progress been made? The answer is nowhere other than right here in the United States and Canada.
And I point out that this progress was made in very trying times when machinery has been whittling away at the premium of skilled hands. That the progress has been made is due almost solely to organized labor and great unions such as our own United Brotherhood. Through good times and bad our Brotherhood has carried on a never-ending struggle for economic justice for the members of our craft and for all workers. It has been a long
fight and a hard fight but by the grace of God and the good efforts of hun- dreds of thousands of loyal and mili- tant union men it has been a victor- ious one. Had it not been for organi- zations such as our own Brotherhood, the industrial revolution could well have and probably would have made peons of our workers.
Now we are in the midst of another great revolution. It is a revolution of a new kind of machine— a machine that thinks. The industrial revolution of the last century de-emphasized the worth of skilled hands by mechan- ically outproducing them. The new type of machinery that is just gaining a foothold is machinery that de-em- phasizes the worth of brains. It is machinery that takes the place of hu- man thinking. The simplest version of such a machine is the thermostat found in most homes today. The ther- mostat turns on the furnace when the house gets cold and shuts it off when the house gets hot. It never needs tending and it never makes a mistake. The same principle, on a much broad- er scale, is now being applied to in- dustry. Through electronics, electric eyes, etc. machines are being de- veloped which can sort, measure, cut, count, and do a hundred other things automatically at many times the speed of the human brain. So far, this field has hardly been scratched, but the next fifty years will see as great a rev- olution in this field as there was in the field of hand labor when steam and electricity began sweeping industry.
The possibilities are almost limit- less. Actually there are factories al- ready in the blueprint stage which re- quire no human labor at all. Raw ma- terials flow into one end of the factory and finished goods, such as refriger- ators or radios, flow out the other end completely assembled and ready for the market without a single human
18
THE CARPENTER
workman touching them. Automatic machines do all the work and the only people needed are technicians to keep the machines functioning. How soon these factories will move from the blueprint stage to the actual produc- tion stage no one can say definitely. But no one can deny that they are on their way. Already one or • two new paper-making factories have been built which require only a handful of men to operate them because the ma- chines are automatic and foolproof. Other industries are shifting toward these automatic machines slowly but surely, and when the full potential of these machines is developed, even the building industry will not be immune. So another technological revolution is again threatening the working people with unemployment and mis- ery. Is there any answer? I say "yes," Very definitely there is an answer. That answer is bigger and stronger organized labor. In the life of our Brotherhood we have made marvelous progress despite the constant threat of labor-saving machinery. We can continue that progress and carry it to undreamed of heights in the future if we build and broaden our organi- zation and make it stronger year by
year. Had it not been for organized labor, the industrial revolution of the last century could well have made peons of American workmen. Instead, however, the workers of the nation benefitted materially from the revolu- tion because they had militant unions fighting for their interests and con- stantly gaining a decent share of in- creased productivity for them.
In that same procedure lies our hope for the future. Against the un- certainties and dangers that may lie ahead only strong and progressive unions can assure us of a fair shake. No one can say today what remedies will be necessary tomorrow to keep workers happy and prosperous. What- ever steps become necessary— whether shorter hours, decent retirement pro- grams or diversification of jobs; only through strong and hard-hitting un- ions will workers be able to get these things. Therefore, let all of us be fore- warned. Only by building and broad- ening our unions can we hope to build a decent future for ourselves in a fast- changing world. That is something we must never lose sight of. Knowing the great things our Brotherhood has done in the past, I am sure we never will.
UNION HEAD NAMED TO COMPANY BOARD
A new departure in profit-sharing was made at the Champlain Spinners, Inc., here, in a new agreement with the AFL United Textile Workers of America.
The workers will share in company profits for the year 1950 to the ex- tent of 33% per cent.
It is estimated that they will obtain a total increase of approximately 10 cents an hour during 1950, in view of the profit expectations of the Cham- plain Spinners, Inc.
An interesting feature of the program is the appointment of Local Union President Elmer Shovah to serve on the company's board of directors and participate in policy determinations and administration functions. Under the new profit-sharing plan, the local and international union will have the privilege of auditing the company's entire financial transactions for the year 1950.
19
Why You Must Vote
WITH VERY good reason, organized labor has long contended that the daily press has sold out lock, stock and barrel to Big Business. Throughout the length and breadth of the land our daily papers parrot the Big Business line day in and day out. A notable exception, how- ever, is the Madison, Wisconsin, "Capital Times". This independent news- paper prints the news as it sees it; without fear or favor. The Big Business viewpoint gets no special consideration, and the paper calls its shots as it sees them.
Chief reason for the independence of the Madison Capitol Times is Editor Bill Evjue, a hard-hitting, clear-thinking newspaperman who puts principles before profits. On his paper, the edi
torial department and not the adver- tising department sets policy. More than once Bill Evjue has been quoted in this journal.
Recently Editor Evjue delivered a radio address that merits attention. It is herewith reprinted in toto: By BILL EVJUE
This is a story about Bill Morgan— a story which shows how certain and exact the tax laws are in their applica- tion to men in the low income brack- ets like Bill Morgan. Bill lives in Mc- Farland. For years, he has been out in the broiling heat of summer and the cold of winter helping to keep the road bed of the Milwaukee road in good condition between Madison and Stoughton. He is looked upon as a good section worker and he lives with a bachelor friend in modest quarters near his work.
Recently, Bill received a letter from Oscar Jonas, collector of internal rev- enue at Milwaukee. When the con- tents of the letter were explained to Bill, he became worried because of the fear that his income tax return in recent years had not been made out properly. The internal revenue office
at Milwaukee wanted more informa- tion about deducations that had been made on Bill's tax return because Bill had claimed deductions for the sup- port he had given to his dependent son, William Charles. It appears that the Milwaukee collector's office was questioning Bill's right to make these deductions in view of the fact that there was nothing to show that Bill had been given custody of the child when the Morgans were divorced in 1944.
We have just stated that the con- tents of the letter had to be explained to Bill. This is because Bill can't read or write. He was born at La Valle in Richland county and when he was barely more than 5 years old, his folks moved to West Virginia. Bill's father got a job in a coal mine and young Bill got a job in the coal mines when he was 10 years old. There wasn't a school in the little coal mining com- munity where Bill's folks settled. Bill says he still remembers the day when 20 tons of slate fell on nine coal miners and killed them. That's why Bill couldn't read the letter which came from the Milwaukee collector and he had to find out what it was all
20
THE CARPENTER
about from Danny Reagan, Milwau- kee Road timekeeper, who has been making Bill's income tax returns out for years.
It appears that in the routine check up of income tax returns that flow in- to the Milwaukee collector of internal revenue's office some clerk questioned Bill's return in which he claimed de- ductions for the support of his son. Mildred Morgan had been given a divorce from Bill back in 1944 when his wife charged that he drank exces- sively. Bill doesn't drink now. She was given the possession of the house- hold goods, but Bill was given the custody of the boy who was then 11 years old. The records in the collec- tor's office in Milwaukee failed to show that Bill had been given legal custody of the boy. And so yesterday Bill had to come into Madison, losing time on the job, to get a signed state- ment from Myrtle Hanson, clerk of court, attesting to the fact that Bill had been given legal custody of the child. Bill was pretty relieved when he found out what the real situation was. When he first received the let- ter, somebody told him that he might have to pay as high as $900 in addi- tional taxes because the internal rev- enue office had denied Bill's deduc- tions for the upkeep of his boy.
The point that we want to make in this little human interest story is
to show that our tax machinery al- ways catches up with the little fellow whereas there doesn't seem to be the same effectiveness in dealing with larger taxpayers or people who hap- pen to have political influence. Dur- ing the past four years, for instance, a fellow named Joseph R. McCarthy, who gets his pay from the United States government as a United States senator, had an income of $66,000. He didn't pay one penny of income taxes on this $66,000 because he had entered deductions on his tax forms for stock speculation losses and big interest amounts which he alleged he paid. The machinery of the tax de- partment hasn't gone into action in the case of Joe McCarthy the way it did in the case of Bill Morgan. The taxing authorities in the case of Joe McCarthy acted only after they had been prodded into doing so by The Capitol Times and the Milwaukee Journal. The main moral which we can draw out of this story is, however, that as long as you people out in the state of Wisconsin keep government in this state under control of corpo- rate wealth, the tax authorities will catch up with the Bill Morgans but will be much slower in looking over the tax returns of United States sen- ators and millionaire industrials whose excemptions are always tardily and timidly scrutinized.
GOMPERS' 1908 WARNING IS TIMELY TODAY
With tlie most crucial national election in many years only a few weeks away, it is well to recall what Samuel Gompers said on the eve of another important election away back in 1908. Said the great labor statesman then:
"Workers everywhere should be on on their guard against the insidious attempts which will be made to defeat labor's campaign for its rights. No slander against your officers and friends will be too vile to be placed in circulation.
'As far as possible, the worst of such attacks will be timed so that they cannot be suc- cessfully answered before the vote is taken. Every union, every worker, every friend of labor should be on guard against attacks of this sort.
"Never before was labor so alert to vote for its own rights and interest. Never before were its opponents so desperately determined to divide and disrupt the workers and defeat its efforts in this campaign."
jBI
21
The Crisis In Education
Editor's note: In a searching article in the May issue of "The Federationist," General Presi- dent William L. Hutcheson discussed the need for more realism in education. President Hutcheson decried the mad scramble among young people for "white collar" jobs when cold statistics prove that three youngsters out of four are going to be compelled by circumstances to earn their livings in the manual trades. He further pointed out the fallaciousness of the widely prevalent belief that there is something degrading or undesirable about working with one's hands for a living. In answer to that article, the following letter from a college professor brings up some additional points, chief among which is that Big Business contributes to the present day unrealism in educa- tion by pressuring colleges into giving highly specialized training which rightfully should be pro- vided by the corporations themselves.
* * *
June 15, 1950
Mr. William L. Hutcheson, President
United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners
c/o The American Federationist
A. F. of L. Building
Washington 1, D. C.
My dear sir:
Your article, Education Needs Realism, in the May issue of The American Federationist is a most interesting one. The problem which you discuss is a real one, and you show its many facets clearly. However, when it comes to attempting to place the blame, I believe you omit part of the picture, and, as a consequence, your solution is only a palliative and not a real solution. Perhaps a reason for what I consider a failure to solve the problem is the fact that you were too greatly influenced by the book Education for an Industrial Age. I do not know, for I have not read the book. I do know, how- ever, that the remarks which I am about to address to you are true state- ments of situations and conditions which exist in the parts of the United States and of Canada where I have lived.
First of all, when you state that "In the final analysis, no matter how many facilities are provided, the student's choice of future will depend largely upon the social values that have been drilled into him," you are most certainly right. And in how many homes and shops— not schools, mind you— have I heard parents say: "My son will never work at the bench. He is going to college; so that he can do better than I did." Or again: "My son is going to business school; none of this sweat and this grime for him." When youngsters have heard this for some time, it takes courage to go to work in a shop. Now, I think educators are people, and should some of them maintain the same attitude, it may very well be that they have carried it over from their younger days.
It is easier to drift along and to think as other people do, rather than to think a problem through for one's self. The fact that a person can show others how to solve problems in geometry, which solutions he has learned from some- one else, is no proof he can solve problems in how to live. Another problem
22 THECARPENTER
along these same lines is the problem of the boy I'or girl' who wants to leave school to go to work or of the boy f'or girl > who wants to go to trade school. The parents are up in arms, and one would think the boy's desire, instead of being a sensible one. which it is in many cases, is some sort of criminal activit)- which will bring shame upon the family.
In many cases the educators have attempted to point out the facts to the parents, and they have been accused of ha\"ing all sorts of evil intentions. Yes, "the student's choice of future w'ill depend largely upon the social values that ha^'e been drilled into him." Unfortunateh", much too much drilling is done at home where the student spends most of his time, and where, according to the plan of Nature, most of the basic education is to be acquired— unfortu- nately for this particular case. I mean. Not to mention this situation was, I am afraid, a grave oversight on }"our part.
Secondly, I feel that Big Business has been using its strong-arm tactics on educational institutions by attacking them at their weakest points, namely, their financial status and their ability to place graduates. Toda}", in the hope of pleasing the powers who hire, many schools— mostly in the engineering or the business administration categories— are turning out too highly trained men. This fact relieves employers of the cost of training men. But, do they take all of the men so trained? Not by a long-shot: in fact, the percentage emplo}'ed is ridiculously low. As a result, we have thousands of men with an unbalanced education, for which many ha\-e \"et to pay, and, consequently, thousands of possible victims of frustration.
Let college give a basic education for living. Let them omit some of the highly specialized courses, and let them add courses in History, the apprecia- tion of the Arts, Ethics, Philosophy, Religion, and the like. Then, we shall have fewer people "educated beyond their intelligences." to quote the late president of Columbia Lniversity, Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler. Such people, you know, hardly if ever make a real adjustment to life.
Lastly. I think we have come to the crux of the problem. I feel certain this So-called "revulsion for manual labor" is mereh" a manifestation of the natural desire of Human Nature for its due. Your statement, "But aside from the earnings aspect, the manual trades offer considerably more in the way of personal satisfaction than does office work," can be dangerously misinter- preted; so dangerously so, that it might almost ser\-e as a resume of the doc- trine of Dialectical Materialism concerning work. You will notice that I said "almost," for the statement is absolutely true when it is properh" understood. The thing which separates mankind from the other animals is his intellect, liis abilit}' to think. Hence, any perfections which are truly human will be related to his intellect, and any personal satisfaction must come from possessing these perfections.
Now, the mere making of things does not perfect the maker, else machines would be more perfect the day they are junked than the da\" the\- are madel The making of things will perfect a man when the things which he turns out are, so to speak, works of art, when he is an artisan, and when each thing which he makes bears the marks or special and personal traces of him who made it, because he will have been forced to use his mind and his ingenuit)'
THE CARPENTER 23
to fit it to its individual place in the universe. Dialectical Materialism, on the other hand, maintains that as long as something is made, matter has been per- fected and the world is better— even the havoc wrought by bombs is good for the universe; so the maker of something should have as much satisfaction from making it as from perfecting some part of himself, his mind, for example, since the sum total of the universe is matter which is striving to perfect itself.
Perhaps in your trade much of the true nature of art remains, but in the machine trades it does not. A screw-machine operator does not feel much like an artisan after 8 hours of work. Day by day, intellectual murder— the murder of men's minds— is being committed in so many plants throughout the land. This effect is brought about by the dull monotony of constant repetition of the same operations. The tendency, then, toward the white-collared jobs is a natural reaction on the part of Human Nature, through the individual human beings, to seek a correction for this abominable situation.
Office work seems to be more human; so the tendency is in that direction. Deafening noise is at a minimum, human conversation and intercourse are possible on a normal basis, physical agility and speed are not over-emphasized. This appears more in keeping with the nature of man, and men are drawn toward it. They are drawn to its good features, not its bad ones, such as spend- ing "eight hours a day writing little figures in a book."
Until such facts are recognized, I do not believe a true solution to the problem of realism in education is possible. We are closer to a solution of the problem than we were some years ago, but I am not at all convinced we shall solve it for some time to come; not until we return to more human production methods. Men are not machines! You will note that I have emphasized this point because I think you dismissed the matter much too lightly with the statement that, "True, many assembly-line jobs are monotonous and repeti- tious, but these are on their way out as electric eyes and other automatic devices take over." There are plently of monotonous, inhuman jobs left in industry yet. Perhaps they cannot be completely eliminated. Nevertheless, something must be done to overcome their undesirable effects.
I served my time as a tool and gage maker at the Apprentice Division of Springfield Armory, Springfield, Massachusetts, and only last year again I worked in a toolroom. (Semi-mass production methods are in vogue there, incidentally.) I have been a member of the American Federation of Govern- ment Employees and of the American Federation of Labor, Local Number 19469. I also studied some engineering and business before I studied Liberal Arts and Philosophy. I am in the educational field, for I feel I can best help my fellow-men there because of my background of varied training. I do not think that the problem which you discussed has been solved, but, like yourself, I am certain it must, and it can, and it will be solved.
Very truly yours,
L G. D., B. Ph.
Philosophy Department Seton Hall University South Orange, New Jersey
Editorial
What Are You Going To Do About It?
A recent speech by Secretary of Agriculture Brannan provides real food for thought for every man or woman who has to depend on his or her pay check for maintaining a decent standard of Hving. Speaking to a Michigan farm group, Brannan blasted the speculators and profiteers who are making a fortune out of the national emergency.
"At the time of the Korean outbreak," Brannan pointed out, "a speculator could buy soybean futures by putting up only 20 cents a bushel, or less than 10 per cent of the price. In the four days from June 24 to June 28, the futures prices advanced from $1.20 a bushel to S2.64. So the profit on the 20-cent down payment amounted to 54 cents, or 270 per cent.
"A speculator still can buv $6,000 worth of sugar for a down payment of only 8800; Sll.OOO worth of' wheat for 81.250; 819,000 worth of cotton for 83,000, and $5,000 worth of eggs for only 8500 down."
How much speculative operations of this kind have dri\'en up food prices is impossible to say. However, the results are apparent to the average house- wife ever\' time she visits the grocery store. The speculators and profiteers are taking their cut out of e\'ery dollar she spends for beans or bacon.
At a time when the nation is fighting for its very life, it seems unjust that such things should exist. Howe\er there is no fault to find with the idea of commodity exchanges. They sers^e a very useful purpose in that they pro\"ide a meeting place for buyers and sellers, thereby allowing the, law of supply and demand to operate freely. Neither can too much criti- cism be directed against those who take advantage of the situation to pick up a fast buck. The chief fault lies with Congress for allowing such a situa- tions to exist. Congress could have remedied the situation quickly by tight- ening credit rules and drastically raising margin requirements as well as by raising income taxes on speculati\e profits. But we did not have that kind of a Congress, because too many working people stayed away from the polls last time. The result is that working people not only have to pay higher prices for their foodstuffs but also they have to carry a bigger share of the tax load to pay for national defense.
In the 1948 elections, labor did a good job. However, it was not quite good enough. By a hairline margin the Big Business bloc in Congress main- tained control. The unhappy results have been making themselves apparent ever since. Had labor elected just a few more liberal Congressmen, the Knowland amendment would not have been tacked onto the Social Security bill and West Coast seamen today would not be faced with the choice of taking low-paid jobs on unorganized ships or giving up unemplo\TTient in- surance benefits. Neither would excess profits remain untouched while the workingman's pay envelope took another gouging from the tax collector. Neither would unions still be trying to operate under the confused and restrictive provisions of the Taft-Hartley Law.
THE CARPENTER 25
However, what is past is past. November 7th gives us an opportunity to start from scratch again. On that date we can elect the kind of a Congress that will protect the interests of all the people rather than the interests of a chosen few. We can elect a Congress that will take the profiteering out of the national crisis. We can elect a Congress that will make ability to pay the controlling factor in financing the new war effort. We can elect a Congress that will appreciate the right and need of working people to organize themselves into democratic unions without interference or restriction from the government. We can elect a Congress that will insure fair treatment for all groups and all segments of our society.
It will not be an easy job; but it will be a far from impossible one. The election of 1948 proved that fact conclusively. Labor has the votes. If all of us register at the proper time and go to the polls on election day, nothing can stop us. But doing so means that every working man and woman in the nation will have to do his or her share. Registering and voting are two things each individual must do for himself. No union nor committee can do the job for a citizen— he must do it for himself.
Sooner or later our nation probably will be compelled to go on a full war basis. That means controls— controls over wages, profits, working con- ditions and just about everything else. The Congress we elect on November 7th will decide what those controls will be and how they will be admin- istered. If we elect a decent Congress, the controls will be reasonable and fair to all. If another reactionary Congress gets in, the rich will get richer and the poor will get poorer. It is as simple as that. What are YOU going to do about it? ♦
Brass Hats Should Be Curbed
Ever since the end of World War II, this journal has vigorously cam- paigned against the growing tendency on the part of the military to usurp functions which traditionally belong in civilian hands. Now the Metal Trades Department of the American Federation of Labor has entered the fight. In his annual report to the Metal Trades Department Convention, President James A. Brownlow bitterly assailed the Pentagon Brass for riding rough' shod over the rights of many classes of citizens. In no uncertain terms. Brown- low urged that the American Federation of Labor Convention take strong action demanding an end of military encroachment on affairs that belong in civilian hands.
Brownlow listed a long roster of grievances against the military brass hats. He cited the widespread relacement of civilian workers in navy yards and army projects by enlisted personnel in uniform as an ever-growing evil. He enumerated many attempts by brass hats to break down craft standards in military operation within their jurisdictions.
"This gradual usurping by the military of functions which are essentially civilian does not augur well for the future of our nation," Brownlow stated. "It is not difficult to envisage a military dictatorship, with military personnel, under military conditions, carrying out every phase of defense operations, including those which are civilian in character."
That undoubtedly is what the military is driving for consciously or un- consciously. In every nation in every period of history the military has con- stantly endeavored to take over the complete reins of government. More often than not, it has succeeded. The far-sighted men who founded this nation
26 THE CARPENTER
and wrote the constitution which still governs us recognized the dangers of military usurpation of civilian rights. To guard against such a possibility', they made the President commander-in-chief of all militar}' forces— a move aimed at keeping control of national defense in civilian hands. In all the years since that time, the military has never stopped tr\dng to extend its control of our national life. Heretofore all such attempts have been unsuccessful Today howe\'er, the military is closer to succeeding than it has ever been.
National peril always gi\-es the militan.^ a chance to move in. The un- settled and dangerous foreign situation which has existed for the past ten or twelve years has been made to order for the military. In perilous times such as these any criticism of the military' can easily be labeled as "dangerous" or "useful to the enemy." The more "hush-hush" that is required, the better able is the military to impose its own ideas on our national life.
Business agents and union committees which have had to deal with mili- tary brass in recent months regarding working conditions on military' estab- lishments know how arbitrary some of the brass can be. Many of the miH- tary men have been both courteous and considerate. Others. howe\'er, have been as arrogant and arbitrary as little dictators. From the decisions of the latter it has been well-nigh impossible to get relief. Unless an effective pro- gram for curbing the growing usurpation of power by the military is worked out, another all-out war effort may find the military in complete control of our national life even after the peril has passed.
Everyone recognizes that our nation is in grave danger. Drastic steps may become necessary to safeguard our national life. If they do, no one will quibble. No sacrifices will be too great to protect our way of life against totalitarianism. However, the very essence of our way of life lies in ci\-ilian control— that is, government by the consent of the governed. The fathers of our country never evisioned the militar\- as a law or body unto itself. Under civilian control we ha\e fought a half dozen wars— all of them successful!}-. Most of the foes we beat were headed by a military dictatorship. If another war becomes unavoidable, it, too, must be fought under civilian control. That is the most positive way of insuring that a totalitarian economy will not develop at home while we are licking a totalitarian economy abroad.
•
A Long Overdue Move
There has been very Httle to cheer about in the news that has been com- ing out of Washington in recent months. However, one bright spot recently appeared in the otherwise drab picture. When Robert Denham, Taft-Hart- ley czar, turned in his resignation, a silent chorus of "Amens" must have swept the nation.
A bad law is a bad law. Sometimes a good administrator can ameliorate the worst effects of a bad law. But when you get a bad law such as the Taft-Hartley Act and have it administered by an individual as biased and arrogant as Denham, you really have a mess on your hands. Denhams resignation will not cure anything. The Taft-Hartley Law will still remain on the statute books. But we doubt if a poorer administrator can be found.
Repeal of the Taft-Hartley Law still remains as No. 1 objective of organ- ized labor. Until that objective is reached there can be no letdown. In the meantime, Denham s resignation cannot be considered anything but a step forward.
THE LOCKER
By JOHN HART. Local Union 366, New York, N. Y.
BRIEF RULES OF ORDER
This ABC of parliamentary rules is for the benefit of those members who hesitate to tcike active part in the meetings because they don't know the ropes. It is also for the possible benefit of those who do take an active part, but wlio may not know tlie rules either. If you wish to know them better, get Roberts' Rules of Order. It contains 325 pages and costs around $2.00. When you know everything in Roberts', then you don't know anything else— you wouldn't have room for it. Incidentally the material here given follows generally the rules as given in our Constitution, Pages 62, 63. Anything that's difi^erent or additional we made up ourselves.
The Chairman. The presiding officer is addressed as "Mr. Chairman," not "Brother Chairman." He refers impersonally to himself as the chair. He cannot make, second, or discuss a motion unless he vacates the chair and takes the floor as a member. He votes only by ballot or, in open voting, when his vote could change the result. He is presumed to be politically intelligent, impartial, and ably competent to maintain order. Any favors at his disposal are awarded with due regard for ability and merit. The members recip- rocate by according him equivalent respect.
The Minutes. They are the record of the meeting's proceedings. Provided they are clear, concise, and correct, good judgment, rather than fixed rules, governs their keeping. All stated motions are noted, the makers' names, and how they were disposed of. They are accessible to any member at the convenience of the Recording Secretary.
Quorum. Means the stipulated number of members which must be present to transact business legally. In our organization that nvmiber is seven.
The Question. Whatever stated proposition is before the house is called the question; a main motion, amendment, appeal etc. When members call "Question! Question!" they want the proposition put to a vote without further debate. This is called "putting the question."
Point of Order. This is a much abused parliamentary rule. Three infractions by a speak- er call for a point of order; improper language, off the question, speaking too long. You may interrupt by rising and saying, "Mr. Chairman, I rise to a point of order." The speaker sits down. The chair asks you to state your point. You state it. If he agrees he will say, "Your point is well taken," and the speaker will be corrected. If he disagrees he will say your point is not well taken, and the speaker rises and continues, from which decision you may appeal to the meeting. A point of order should not be raised for the sly, selfish purpose of getting the floor under tlie protection of the rules of debate, to put over a few fast ones. An alert chairman will spot this trick and step on the offender promptly. Points of order are also raised against irregular motions, violations of the Brotherhood laws, etc.
Voting. Voting may be by voice, show of hands, rising, ballot, or by general consent when the business is merely routine. You may demand tlie count of a questionable voice vote by saying, "I call for a division." The Conductor counts a show of hands and the chair announces the result, for and against. A tie vote kills the motion. A vote in conflict with the Brotherhood laws or the law of the land is null and void, even if unanimous. You may change your vote provided the result is not announced. After that, only by general consent or a carried motion. You are duty bound to vote unless personally concerned. Persistent non-voters please note: Silence means consent. So don't squawk if you don't like the result.
Debate. If you are the maker of a motion you know best the purpose of it, and should speak first on the question. Always address your remarks to the chair. Don't speak dis- respectfully of a brodier member. Stick to the question— don't drag it out— don't speak more than once until tlie odiers have had a crack at it— watch your language. If a point of order is raised, take your seat until it has been ruled on. And remember this: When visiting another Local don't speak until you armounce yourself as a non-member, and re- quest the privilege of the floor. Don't butt in on strictly Local business. This is the con- cern of strictly Local men.
Appeal from the Chair's decision. If you disagree with the chair's ruhng you may appeal to the meeting by rising and saying, "I appeal from the decision of the chair." This may be seconded. The chair then turns tlie gavel over to the Vice-President who becomes the temporary chairman. You state your objection. The chair states the reason for his ruling. No one else speaks. Then the V.P, inquires, "Shall the decision of the chair be sustained?" If
28 THE CARPENTER
the members vote Aye, the chair's decision stands; if Xo, \'our xdews hold good. The chair- man resumes his seat and the meeting continues according to the wshes of the members.
Reconsider a Motion. An adopted motion may be recalled at die same, or next meeting after which it is too late. If you \-oted for the motion, get the floor and say, "I move to
reconsider the \ote on the motion to ." This must be seconded by one who also voted
for it. If the members vote Aye, the motion is restated and acted upon all over again. But if any motion has actively taken effect by the signing of a contract, or the payment of bills etc., it cannot be reconsidered.
Obtaining the Floor. If you wish to take the floor \-ou must first be recognized. Rise when the floor is vacant, and say, "Mr. Chairman, Brother Smith." You announce your name if you think the chair does not know it. This is also necessar>- when making a motion so that the Recording Secretary can note it. The chair wall recognize you by calhng your name, or by simply nodding in youj direction. Anyone not recognized must \ield the floor to one who has been recognized. Exceptions to recognition: Points of order, emergency questions of pri\-ilege, appeals and calls for a division.
Main Motion. To make a motion, say, after getting the floor, "I move that ." So
that the meeting \\"ill not waste time on something in which only one member is interested, all motions must be seconded except routine ones, and these also if anyone objects. No one speaks on your motion until it has been stated by the chair in this form:" It has been
moved and seconded that . "Are you ready for the question?" Xow's the time to talk.
If no one wishes to do so, the chair rises and puts it to a vote. With the consent of the seconder, you may withdraw yom: motion before it is stated. But, once put before the house it is the property of the members and caimot be withdra\\Ti without their permis- sion. Assuming your motion has been stated, take a look at what can happen to it.
Amendment Anyone may try to improve your motion by saving, "I mo\-e to amend by
." His amendment caimot be in contradiction to your motion. It must modify it by
adding, eliminating, or substituting certain words. It caUs for change, but not destruction. Now his amendment may also be amended by someone moving an amendment to the amendment. (Do you get it?). But this is as far as you can go, and tliat's far enough. This amendment business is tricky, and the chair should be depended on to straighten it out. If no one, even the chair, can make head or tad of it, someone can offer what is called a substitute for the whole. If accepted, this takes the place of your motion.
Refer or Commit. Yom- motion may be passed on to others in this way. "I move that the question be referred to the Executive Board," or some other body. If carried, there goes your motion, and the next business is taken up.
Postpone to a certain time. If pressure of business warrants it, your motion may be laid ov^er to a futin-e date by acceptance of this motion, "I move that this matter be postponed to our next meeting," or some other date. At which appointed time your motion comes up without, vote, as unfinished business.
The Previous Question. A member who thinks your motion is being over-talked may rise and move to stop debate by saying, "I move the previous question." This must be seconded. The chair asks, "Shall the main question be now put"? If carried by a two-thirds vote, yoxn: motion is put to a vote at once. It is unfair for a member who has had his say, and plenty, to move the previous question just to gag the others. This motion should only be used when all sensible discussion seems to be exhausted.
Lay on the Table. Yomr motion may be politely kicked in the rear bv" someone moving, "I mov-e that the question be laid on the table." This motion is undebatable, and needs only a majority vote to carrv-. If adopted, your motion can only be taken from the table by majority vote at the same or next meeting. ^After that, its as dead as a door nail, what- e\er that is.
Adjourn. Somewhere in the middle of the discussion on yom" motion some tired mem- ber ma>- move to adjourn. This motion is properly made by a recognized member, and seconded. Calls of "Adjourn; Adjourn;" need not be heeded by the chair. But when evervlhing seems wound up and ever>-one seems played out, informalitv- rules, and ad- journment is very often by general consent. If your motion was still up in the air when adjournment was voted, it comes up automatically at the ne.xt meeting as unfinished business. A motion to adjourn is out of order when the members have voted that the pre- vious question be put.
Note. The above motions are arranged in rising- order of importance. The one nearest the main motion givets way to one further away. Example: You can't move to refer after a motion lay on the table. You can move to postpone after an amendment has been moved.
29
EVERY MEMBER A STAR
* * *
BROTHERHOOD members will soon be seeing a new movie which was barely completed in time for a premiere at the Twenty-sixth General Convention in Cincinnati. Authorized by the General Executive Board and produced under the supei"vision of the General Office, the new movie emphasizes the great variety of skills employed by Brotherhood members and the vital part that Brotherhood members play in the building of a strong and prosperous America. The movie was a full year in the making. Camera- men traveled the nation over from the Douglas Fir forests of the Pacific North-
Movie making requires many skills
west to the mammoth bridge and construction projects of New York and Maryland to get the story of Brotherhood skills recorded on film. They worked their cameras from rafters in sawmills and from bucking boats in the middle of Chesapeake Bay to get the shots they needed to tell the story of what Brotherhood members are doing to make and keep America mighty. The result is a movie of unusual interest— one which every Brotherhood mem- ber should enjoy throughly.
30
THE CARPENTER
On Thursday afternoon, September 7th, a pilot print of the movie was shown to the delegates to the Cincin- nati convention. Response to the film was highly enthusiastic. Many dele- gates thought it to be the best film of its kind they have ever seen.
Produced in color and sound, the film starts with the production of lum- ber in the Northwest by brotherhood members. It shows the great agility and skill loggers need to harvest the giant trees. It shows the high degree of technical proficiency required to get the logs transported to the mills, and the great amount of know-how needed to turn the logs into lumber and plywood. It shows how efficiently Brotherhood members turn that lum- ber and plywood into furniture and
Sound is important
doors. Then it shows how other Brotherhood members, combining knowledge and skill, turn lumber and plywood and steel into dams, bridges, buildings and churches. It shows
how millwrights make efficient facto- ries out of the finished buildings by installing generators, conveyers, etc. In fact, the film shows just about all the hundreds of skills Brotherhood
Makeup artist at work
members employ day in and day out to keep America the most prosperous nation on earth.
The title of the new film is "The Carpenter". It runs nearly an hour in length. Like the two previous films produced by the General Office —"This Is Your Brotherhood" and "The Carpenters' Home"— the new film will be distributed by the Gen- eral Office on a "first come first serv- ed" basis. Ample copies are being ordered. Local Unions and Councils interested in holding a showing of the new film should address their in- quiries to;
M. A. HUTCHESON, First G. V. P., Carpenters Bldg., 222 E. Michigan St. Indianapolis 4, Ind.
PRESIDENT SETS UP WAGE-PRICE BOARD
President Truman issued executive orders establishing an Economic Stabilization Agency, with a director of prices and a wage board, in a step furthering the winning of the Korean war and national defense.
The same executive orders delegated authority to allocate scarce materials, curb credit installment buying, issue priorities and expand production.
As a basis for price control, Mr. Truman ordered all business and industry to preserve their records of prices and labor costs of goods and services for the May 24-June 24, 1950, period.
Stabilization of prices and wages will be under the direction of the administrator of the Economic Stabilization Agency. The wage board under his authority shall consist of three members each from organized labor, industry and the public.
Official Information
General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS
of AMERICA
Qbneeal Offtce : Carpenters' Building. Indianapolis, Ind.
General President
WM. L. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
First General Vice-President
M. A. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Acting Secretart
ALBERT E. FISCHER
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Second General Vice-President
JOHN R. STEVENSON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Treasurer
S. P. MEADOWS
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Executive Board
First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, JR. Ill B. 22nd St., New Yorlj 10, N. Y.
Fifth District, R. E. ROBERTS 3819 Cuming St., Omaha, Nebr.
Second District, O. WM. BLAIBR 933 E. Magee, Philadelphia 11, Pa.
Sixth District, A. W. MUIR Box 1168, Santa Barbara, Calif.
Third District, HARRY SCHWARZBR 1248 Walnut Ave., Cleveland, O.
Seventh District
Fourth District, ROLAND ADAMS 712 West Palmetto St., Florence, S. C.
WM. L. HUTCHESON, Chairman ALBERT E. FISCHER. Acting Secretary
All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the Acting Secretary
Notice to Recording Secretaries
The quarterly circular for the months of October, November and December, 1950, containing the quarterly pa.ssword, has been forwarded to all Local Unions of the United Brotherhood. Recording Secretaries not in receipt of this circular should notify Albert E. Fischer, Carpenters' Building, Indian- apolis, Indiana.
• —
Be Sure to Register and Vote
In most states registration books close late this month. Unless you and your family are registered, all the good intentions in the vs^orld will not count on November 7th— you will still be ineligible to vote.
With the future as uncertain as it is, the November 7th election is going to be the most important one in many, many years. The people we send to Congress on that day will have more control over our lives than any similar group has had for generations, since the international situation may make necessary all sorts of drastic curbs and restrictions any day. How the work- ers fare will depend on the kind of Congress sitting in Washington. Let's make it a decent one by registering and voting.
^ tt iM
Not lost to those that love them, Not dead, just gone before;
tmorxntn
They still live in our memory, And will forever more
%eBi in l^l^sctt
The Editor has been requested to publish the namea of the following Brothers who have passed away.
HOWARD T. ALLISON, L. U. 696, Tampa, Fla.
EMORY H. BARKHOUSE, L. U. 40, Boston,
Mass.
J. A. BENEDICT, L. U. 946, Los Angeles, CaL EMIL BENSON, L. U. 7, Minneapolis, Minn. ANDREW BJELDE, L. U. 7, Minneapolis, Minn. J. EDW. BLOMQUIST, L. U. 778, Fitchburg, Mass. ,
JOHN J. BRINEARD, L. U. 1491, Royersford,
Pa. FRED BROMLEY, L. U. 946, Los Angeles, Cal. ELMER T. BROWN, L. U. 696, Tampa, Fla. HENRY A. BROWN, L. U. 67, Boston, Mass. PAUL N. BURNEY, L. U. 696, Tampa, Fla. GUST A. CARLSON, L. U. 7, Minneapolis, Minn. WILLIAM CARMODY, L. U. 1035, Taunton,
Mass. JACK C. CHICK, L. U. 696, Tampa, Fla. T. T. CHRISTIANSEN, L. U. 993, Miami, Fla. C. B. CRUTCHER, L. U. 993, Miami, Fla. CLARENCE CUNNINGHAM, L. U. 1508, Clyde,
N. Y. ELBERT DORSETT, L. U. 696, Tampa, Fla.
GEORCJE FLETCHER, L. U. 946, Los Angeles,
Cal. FRED FOUNTAIN, L. U. 1822, Ft. Worth, Tex. ROBERT ERASER, L. U. 7, Minneapolis, Minn. FRED GILLETTE, L. U. 1508, Clyde, N. Y. IVAR GUSTAFSON, L. U. 488, New York,
N. Y. MATTS GUSTAVSON, L. U. 488, New York,
N. Y. EARL HAINES, L. U. 35, San Rafael, Calif. AXEL HED, L. U. 7, Minneapolis, Minn. HANS A. HEGGEN, L. U. 7, Minneapolis, Minn. FRANK E. HENRY, L. U. 993, Miami, Fla. ANDREW HOLM, L. U. 7, Minneapolis, Minn. L. L. JACKSON, L. U. 7, Minneapolis, Minn. C. A. JOHNSON, L. U. 7, Minneapolis, Minn. G. W. JOHNSON, L. U. 7, Minneapolis, Minn. ROBERT JOHNSON, L. U. 7, Minneapolis, Minn. JOHN C. JONES, L. U. 1383, Sarasota, Fla. W. J. JONES, L. U. 622, Waco, Texas W. P. JONES, L. U. 946, Los Angeles, CaL
O. A. KELLY, L. U. 696, Tampa, Fla.
EDW. A. KOEHNLEIN, L. U. 488, New York,
N. Y. MARTIN LAICURSI, L. U. 115, Bridgeport,
Conn. , W. P. LATIMER, L. U. 946, Los Angeles, Cal. AUGUST LEMON, L. U. 7, Minneapolis, Minn. EDGAR LEWIS, L. U. 993, Miami, Fla. ANDREW LINDQUIST, L. U. 7, Minneapolis,
, Minn. JOHN E. McCLENDON, L. U. 332, Bogalusa,
La. LOUCHLIN N. McLELLAN, L. U. 67, Boston,
Mass. VICTOR MAKELA,, L. U. 488, New York, N. Y. P. J. MARTINEAU, L. U. 7, Minneapolis, Minn. ISREAL MINKOFF, L. U. 325, Paterson, N. J. JOHN MOLSNESS, L. U. 7, Minneapolis, Minn. JEROME A. MOSER, L. U. 2180, Defiance, Ohio JOHN NOREN, L. U. 7, Minneapolis, Minn. MANUEL PELAEZ, L. U. 696, Tampa, Fla. A. W. PETERSON, L. U. 115, Bridgeport, Conn.., SCOTT RATTER, L. U. 1035, Taunton, Mass. LOUIS READLING, L. U. 440, Buffalo, N. Y.
WALTER J. RICHARD, L. U. 1098, Bato|
Rouge, La. JOSEPH J. SALARIO, L. U. 1098, Baton Rougl
La. M. SCHOLER, L. U. 946, Los Angeles, Calif. OLE STENVIG, L. U. 7, Minneapolis, Minn. EDWIN STORDAL, L. U. 7, Minneapolis, Minii JAKE STOYKE, L. U. 7, Minneapolis, Minn. HANS STROM, L. U. 7, Minneapolis, Minn. E. E. SUTTON, L. U. 946, Los Angeles, Cal. ERNEST SWANSON, L. U. 488, New Yorii
N. Y.
ALFRED TOLLEY, L. U. 1035, Taunton, Mass W. R. TURNER, L. U. 622, Waco, Texas
BEN H. VAUGHAN, L. U. 1683, El Doradq
Ark. W. L. WEBB, L. U. 993, Miami, Fla. V. E. WOODCOCK, L. U. 946, Los Angeles, Ca| FLOYD E. YOUNG, L. U. 993, Miami, Fla. ELLISON R. ZUMBRO, L. U. 1098, Batoij
Rouge, La.
CorrQspondQncQ
This Journal is Not Responsible for Views Expressed by Correspondents.
MISSOURI STATE COUNCIL OF CARPENTERS HOLDS CONVENTION
IN KANSAS CITY
The Twelfth Annual Convention of tlie MISSOURI STATE COUNCIL of Carpenters convened at tlie Phillips Hotel in Kansas City, Misssouri, May 14th. Attending this Con- vention were approximately ninety (90) delegates from all parts of the State, in addition to fraternal delegates from Illinois, Nebraska, Wisconsin and Oklahoma State Councils, this being the largest convention in the history of the Missouri State Council. I The honored guest of the Convention was Brother Frank DuflFy, General Secretary
I Emeritus of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America. Other im- portant labor personalities present were General Executive Board Member R. E. Roberts and Mark L. Bagby, former Secretary-Treasurer of tlie Missouri State Council, and now a General Representative of the Brotherhood. Speakers included John Pennell of the U. S. Mediation and Conciliation Service; Edward W. Tanner, prominent Kansas City architect; Max Garrison, Missouri State Representative of the 8th District; W. W. Hutton, Secretary of the Kansas City Builders' Association; and Perrin D. McElroy, Secretary of the Building and Construction Trades Council of Kansas City.
Between business sessions of the Convention, entertainment was furnished the delegates and their wives by the Kansas City District Council of Carpenters. This included a bus tour of points of interest in the city and surrounding territory, all of which was climaxed by a banquet which was dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of the late Samuel Gompers, founder of the American Federation of Labor and its first president. The prin- cipal speaker at this banquet was Brother Frank DufFy, personal friend of Sam Gompers, who told the story of the early days of organized labor, reminiscing on the intimate life of Samuel Gompers, with which he was so familiar.
The complete list of officers elected were as follows: President, Orrin Masoner, Kansas City, Local 61; Vice-President, H. A. Vincent, Springfield, Local 978; Secretary-Treasurer, Mel Shasserre, St. Louis, Local 417. Executive Board Members: 1st Dist., Floyd Price, St. Joseph, Local 110; 2nd Dist., Oran Smith, Louisiana, Local 1008; 3rd Dist., Mel Shasserre; 4th Dist., John Pfenenger, Jefferson City, Local 945; 5th Dist., Orrin Masoner; 6tli Dist., H. A. Vincent; 7th Dist., John Frame, Rolla, Local 2298. Millmen: Eastern Dist., Anton Lammert, St. Louis, Local 1596; Western Dist., William Muder, Kansas City, Local 1635. Millwrights: Samuel Curd, Kansas City, Local 1529.
DAYTONA BEACH PICNIC IS GREAT SUCCESS
For a number of years Local Union No. 1725, Daytona Beach, Fla., has sponsored a mid-summer picnic. Each year the affair has grown in popularity until today it is one of the most looked-forward-to events on the year's program. This year's picnic, held at Holly Hill City Park, was an outstanding success. Some thousand odd members, families and friends were on hand to help make the affair a success. This exceeded last year's atten- dance by better than 100.
Thanks to the efforts of the entertainment committee, things were kept humming all day. Games of all kinds for the kiddies amused both young and old. A feature of the day was a building contest for youngsters under sixteen. Some thirty boys were given ample supplies of wood scraps plus plenty of tools. Each boy was allowed twenty minutes to make something useful or ornamental out of the wood scraps. Surprisingly, the boys turned out some fine articles despite the many handicaps they were working under.
Food and refreshments were provided by the union and all who were on hand made the most of the occasion. One of the unusual families attending the outing was that of Mr. and Mrs. L. D. Graham. With their children and grandchildren, tlie Graham family needed an entire table for themselves. The affair wound up with a dance at the Moose Hall in the evening. Despite a few scattered showers the entire day was voted a grand success.
M
34
THE CARPENTER PORT .AJITHUR LOCAL JOINS GOLDEN CIRCLE
Among the local unions joining the Golden Circle this year is Local Union No. 610, Port .Arthur. Texas. In May of 1900, a small group of carpenters in the Port Arthur area recei\'ed the charter they appHed for in the United Brotherhood. From that day on, the Port Arthur craftsmen have maintained their union through war and peace, through good times and bad. In all that time ttiere has never been a general strike or other stoppage of work. On Ma>' 27tl"i of this year. Local Union No. 610 celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of its founding with a successfiil banquet and social evening held in the union's own home at 720 Beaumont Ave.
A host of friends of thie union— including the Hon. J. P. Logan, mayor of the city— was on hand to help make the occasion a memorable event. Feature of the e\ening was pre- sentafion of a certificate good for a complete new wardrobe to Brother Chas. E. Perry, only hving charter member of the union. Down the years Brother Perry has remained a true and faithful member and his presence at the half centurv celebration was appreciated by aU.
Featured speakers of the evening were Mayor Logan and the Hon. Jep S. Fuller. Dis- trict Attorney of Jefferson Countr>\ Both speakers paid high tribute to the quality of leader- ship and membership which has advanced Local Union No. 610 so far in recent years. A capacity- crowd recei\"ed their remarks with appreciation.
OflBcers of the union at the present time are: Thomas Frink, president; R. M. Laven- der, ^^ce-president; G. C. Ray. recording secretary; E. N. Glenken, treasurer; Edwards Harper, financial secretar>'; H. G. Dorman, business agent; and \^'. E. Singletone, R. M. Lavender, and J. O. Rodriquez, trustees.
LOCAL No. 132 HONORS 42 GR.ADUATING APPRENTICES
With Frank W. Lee, the genial banker, acting as toastmaster, certificates of journey- manship from the International Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners were awarded to 41 former apprentices of Carpenters Local Union 132, Washington, D. C, on June 2. The ceremony took place in the Carpenters HaU, 1003 K St., N.W.
Edgar J. Appel, financial secretary', acted as chairman.
THE CARPENTER
35
Among the speakers were Robert F. Handley, regional supervisor, Bureau of Appren- ticeship, U. S. Department- of Labor; Daniel C. Noldy, president. Carpenters District Council; Fred S. Walker, editor, the Trades Unionist; B. B. Blackburn, secretary of the Council; Nicholas Loope, director. Joint Carpentry Apprenticeship Committee, and other officials of the Carpenters District Council, including Ben Sanford, Pete Shaffer, Nat Jack- son, Bill Johnson and Norman Smith. Refreshments were served.
The 42 who received certificates were: Ray L. Baker, Roy M. Batchelder, Stanley J. Bean, C. W. Betson, Robert Bladt, Caswell J. Brann, Jr., Emory E. Brinson, L. H. Crowder, Jr., Willard Curtis, Elwin D. Davis, James A. Decatur, Constant P. Disse, Geo. M. Dixon,' George C. Ebbs, John Joseph Clock, Jr., Alfred L. Good, John M. Gordon, Jr., Russell e! Gordon, Wm. Legg Dordon, Gerald Grady, William H. Hoover, Vernon V. Johnson, Felix B. Lloyd, Joseph A. Minnick, Meade C. MuUinix, Glenn A. Murphy, Peter Nelli, William H. Newberry, Charles L. Ortman, Melvin S. Page, Millard E. Palmer, Walbert A. Parker, Bernard Pence, Clarence B. Schools, Ernest C. Senior, Chas. Smiraldo, James R. Simpson, Edward M. Stinson, Jack D. Turley, Michael W. Warchal, William T. Weiss, Robert c! Van Sickler.
WILKINSBURG HALF CENTURY OF PROGRESS
Only surviving charter member receiving special tribute for his 50 years membership in Carpenters Local 430 of Wilkinsburg, H. R. Cottrell, President of Local 430, present- ing John H. Angert with a pen and pencil set. Front row^ left to right, L. W. Swartz, Trustee; J. J. Blotnick, Con- ductor; D. L. Frampton, Warden; John Angert, only charter member; I. W. Larimer, Business Agent; H. R. Cottrill, Presi- dent; G. F. McDowell, Vice-President and J. Eynon, Repre- sentative District Council. Rear row— H. Allison, Trustee; N. H. Piper, Financial Secretary; J. Gierl, Trustee; E. E. Robinson, Recording Secretary and W. D. Lose, Treasurer.
Recently Local Union No. 430, Wilkinsburg, Pa., cele- brated the fiftieth anniversary of its founding. Away back in 1900 the carpenters of the area decided something had to be done to alleviate the intoler- able conditions which existed. As a result. Local Union No. 430 was organized. Fifty years later, some 500 members, friends and guests were on hand to help celebrate the un- ion's first half century of prog- ress. One surviving charter member. Brother John Angert, was on hand to link the past with the present. William J. Kelly, District Manager of tlie Carpenters, was principle speaker. He recalled the many struggles of Local Union 430 and praised the officers for tlieir unswerving loyalty to tlie wel- fare of all members.
Brother Kelly has been a member of the Carpenters' Union since 1899. Earl C. Bohr, secretary-treasurer of the Pennsylvania Federation of Labor urged political action if organ- ized labor hopes to continue considering the anti- labor laws now in tlie books. He said: "We cannot hope to survive unless we are politically strong." He expressed the hope tliat the next 50 years in labor's progress would be easier.
In addition to the officers of Local 430 at tlie head table, tliere were: Hugh Mullin, auditor of the Pennsylvania Federation of Labor, Matt Dardis, president, Pittsburgh District Council; Rev. Charles Owen; Councilman A. Wolk; Hunter P. Wharton, secre- tary of Building Trades Council; Charles Slinker, International Representative of tlie
.Carpenters; Angus McKay, president of Carpenters 165; and Carl T. Westland, secretar\'
.Carpenters District.
i ... Master of ceremonies was I. W. Larimer, business agent for Local 430. The invocation
was given by tlie Rev. George A. Parkins.
I Committee in charge were: Brothers Lose, Larimer, McDowell, Cottrill, Pipir, Robinson,
I'Blotnick, Frampton, Allison, Swartz, Geirl, Anderson, Spisak, Hellnian and McKelvey.
j The dinner was followed by a floor show and dancing.
.36
THE CARPENTER
LONG BEACH SHIPWRIGHTS HONOR FOUR OLD TIMERS
On the night of August 11th, Local Union No. 1335, Long Beach, Cal., paid special tribute to four old-time members whose total membership in the United Brotherhood exceeds 160 years. The four so honored were: Sam Browning, Oscar Fields, S. T. Dodge, and William Whitham. In appropriate ceremonies, the four old timers were awarded Brotherhood buttons setting forth the years of their loyalty and devotion to Local Union No. 1335 and the United Brotlifrhood. President, A. A. McAdam made the awards.
Pictured above are the four long-time members of Local Union No Li.J.") who were singled out for special honors. From left to right, they are: Sam Browning, who has thirty] years membership to his credit; Oscar Fields, forty years; S. T. Dodge, fifty years; and William Whitham, forty years. With their hands firmly planted on the "helm" of the] organization, the pose is symbolic of the great contribution they have made to the progress of their union.
Brother Browning was one of the sturdy, farsighted, unselfish pioneer group who saw the need of a union for the men in the boatyards in the San Pedro- Wilmington-Long Beach harbor district, and who was actively and directly responsible— as much as any one man— in organizing Local 1335.
S. T. Dodge first joined the Carpenters in Sewickley, Pa., in March, 1900, and has been a member of 1335 since March, 1942 when he started for Consolidated Steel Ship- 3'ards in the Joiner Shop.
THE CARPENTER
37
Oscar Fields Joined the Brotherhood in April, 1903, and cleared into Local 1335 from Local 1323, when he started with Consolidated Steel. By coincidence, Brother Fields' past included a stretch as a member of another Local 1335— that being in Seattle, Wash.
William Whitham, a member of the Carpenters since September, 1909, like Dodge and Fields, was employed by Consolidated in the Joiner Shop during years of war ship- building, and after that, like Fields, went into maintenance and repair work for the Bank of America.
GREENWICH LOCAL HELPS WORTHY CAUSE
Early in 1950 the Girl Scouts of Greenwich, Conn., were given ten acres of beautiful wooded land in their community for use of their troops. In order to get the most ad- vantage from tlie acreage, it was decided that an eflFort would be made to construct a cabin on the property.
When the Girl Scout Committee wrote to Mr. Albert M. Green, Business Agent of Local No. 196 requesting his cooperation, they received this reply: "The carpenters of Greenwich are keenly interested in tlie wel- fare of our children toward bringing them up to be good Americans; and I can assure you that when you are ready to build this camp, the members of Carpenters Local Union No. 196 will give free help and labor toward constructing it. Please do not hesitate to call on us when you are ready to build". Since that day the Town of Greenwich has seen a remarkable demonstration of pub- lic spiritedness in the work done by the men of the local. Starting early in April and working on their free Saturdays and often in the evening by flood light, men of the brotherhood built a 20x30 shingled cabin for the Girl Scouts of the town. On tlie first day 21 men showed up and by nightfall had completely enclosed the structure. Thereafter bad weather and the necessity of waiting for the completion of masonry work delayed construction for several weeks, but once weather permitted, the carpenters came out again and soon made short shrift of what was left to be done.
The willingness of tliese men to work on their holidays and even until midnight after their regular working day, made a profound impression upon local business men, residents, and Girl Scout officials. Thanks to their cooperation, the project was completed for dedication on June 17th and ready for use of the Girl Scouts at the beginning of their >ummer vacation period.
The entire community was lavish in their praise of the Brotherhood. The local newspaper, Greenwich Time, gave tliem several front-page stories and much favorable publicity.
Vincent F. Ostrom, Vice-President, Putnam Trust Co., of Greenwich.
I Left to right: Front row — Stanley Sarafin; Trygve Christopherson; James Miller; Mike Castigleone; Vincent F. Ostrom, Chairman, jirl Scouts Men's Committee; Mrs. John Shep- lard. Camp Chairman, Girl Scouts ; Robert ?ringle. Treasurer Local No. 196; Mrs. Greene, President, Girl Scouts of Greenwich. Back row —Walter Christopherson; Chris Christopher- son; Leo Clark; William Holly; Robert Catto; tVilliam Havens; Chris Fallon; William F. No- rak; Joseph Pankosky, President Local No. 196; Mr. Lynde Selden; and Joseph Kural.
PATERSON HONORS GRAND OLD MEMBER
Recently Local Union No. 325, Paterson, N. J. paid homage to a grand old member whose membership in the union dates back to the turn of the century. Through good times and bad, through prosperity and depression. William McBride stuck by his union md remained loyal to its principles for over half a century. Upon the occasion of his 'completion of fifty years membership in the union, the officers and members of Local No. 325 presented him with a gift-donation as well as a resolution of commendation and re- i5pect bearing tlie signatures of all who attended the event.
I With the gift and laudatory resolution went the best wishes of all the officers and members of the union. Down the years Brother McBride earned honor and respect of the thousands of people he came in contact with through his sincerity and loyalty. All wish him many more years of health and happiness.
PINE BLUFF LADIES ELECT OFFICERS
The Editor:
Ladies' Auxiliary No. 551, Pine BluflF, Arkansas, sends greetings to all Sister Auxiliaries.
On April 29th, several distinguished guests and 200 members and their families gathered at the Labor Temple to help Carpenters' Local 576 celebrate its half-century anniversary. It was indeed a gala aflFair. The meeting got under w^ay at 4:30 and at 7:30, the Ladies served a bountiful supper to all.
Our Auxiliary elected officers for the ensuing year as follows: President, Mrs. Irene Morgan; Vice-President, Mrs. Havis Brewer; Recording Secretary, Mrs. G. T. Anderson; Financial Secretary and Treasurer, Mrs. Mae Simpson; Trustees, Mrs. Fannie Culpepper, Mrs. Pearl Morgan and Mrs. John Verdue; Conductress, Mrs. Paul Earles; Warden, Mrs. Ed Ezell; Publicity Chairman, Mrs. Corine Cannon.
We would be pleased to hear from the other Auxiliaries at any time.
Fraternally, Mrs. G. T. Anderson, Recording Secretary.
COUNCIL BLUFFS CELEBRATES ELEVENTH BIRTHDAY
The Editor:
Greetings to all our Sister Auxiliaries from Auxiliary No. 316 of Council Bluffs, Iowa.
We meet on the second Friday of each month at the Labor Temple. After each meeting, we serve a lunch to which the men are invited.
During the summer months, we have picnics for our families.
Each year, we cooperate with the men in staging a Christmas party for the children. This party with an exchange of gifts is happily looked forward to every year.
We held our eleventh anniversary party by having a buJffet dinner at a local hotel and having our husbands as guests.
We have had the following fund-raising projects: a bake sale, bazaar, rummage sale, card parties and a sale of dish cloths. Two demonstrator companies also helped to swell our funds by giving a brush demonstration, proceeds of which were added to our silverware collection fund.
Fraternally,
Pearl E. Dillehay, Recording Secretary.
SACRAMENTO AUXILIARY IS ACTIVE GROUP
The Editor:
Ladies' Auxiliary No. 240 of Sacramento, Calif., sends friendly greetings to all Sister Auxiliaries.
Our Auxiliary had a potluck supper in the cool garden of Brother and Sister Cas Montieth. Twenty-eight were present. The surprise of the evening came when Brother Pete Yoho appeared in person direct from the hospital. He was greeted by all.
President Allie Hart presented Sister Lillian Montieth with an Auxiliary pin with love and best wishes from the Auxiliary.
Ovir meeting of July 21st, which was well attended, was to greet our visiting Sisters from Roseville, Auxiliary 338. Following the business meeting, refreshments, consisting of cake and coffee, were served. The cake was a gift to Roseville from our Auxiliary.
We are planning a card party after the Fair.
Fraternally,
Ida Bryan, Publicity Agent
THE CARPENTER 39
NEBRASKA AUXILIARY COUNCIL GOING STRONG
The Editor:
Greetings to all Sister Auxiliaries.
The Nebraska State Council of Auxiliaries of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters is just completing its first year. Two preliminary organizational meetings were held in April and July of last year and application was made for a charter. This was presented to us at North Platte, September 11, 1949, by Brother R. E. Roberts, General Executive Board Member. Affiliation with the Nebraska State Federation of Labor was completed the following day and our delegate was seated at the convention, then in session.
This Auxiliary was established to work in co-ordination with the State Council of Carpenters and assist them in elevating the conditions of the men of the trade. It creates close hannony between the various Carpenters' Auxiliaries throughout the state, all of which are eligible to join. Members of the Executive Board, which meets quarterly, bring re- ports of the activities of their respective locals, and through the exchange of ideas, many worthwhile and interesting projects gain momentum. In the short time since its inception, the council has helped immeasurably to create good will and found enduring friendships of Carpenters' families throughout the length and breadth of Nebraska. During the past year, meetings have been held in North Platte, Lincoln, Beatrice and Scottsbluff.
Officers of the Council are: President, Eleanor Jensen, Fremont, Local 498; Vice- President, Eleanor Rowe, Kearney, Local 426; Secretary-Treasurer, Helen Daberkow, Omaha, Local 250, Conductress, Pearl Hurd, Lincoln, Local 399; and three trustees, Doro- thea Dragoo, Scottsbluff, Local 518; Anna Timmer, North Platte, Local 550; and Alice Nydegger, Beatrice, Local 531. These delegates represent a coinbined membership of 306 women engaged in Carpenters' Auxiliary work.
Fraternally,
Eleanor K. Jensen, Pres.
ROYAL OAK AUXILIARY MAKES BIG PLANS
The Editor:
Hello everybody from Auxiliary No. 195 of Royal Oak, Michigan.
We are very proud to join our Sisters in boosting all of the Auxiliaries. We have had a slow start but we are on the right track now and have big plans for fall and winter. We had a nice potluck dinner on our 10th birthday. We also assisted at the banquet for the 25th birthday of Local 998.
Recently, our officers were installed. Mrs. George Penny took office for her second term as President. Installed as Vice-President was Mrs. Lloyd Thompson; Mrs. Clarence Lumnay, Secretary; Mrs. Walter Porter, Treasurer; and Mrs. Grady Pinner, Conductress. Others installed were Mrs. Charles Fortune, Warden; Mrs. Chester Jacobs, Mrs. Cecil McKay and Mrs. Fred Baker, Trustees.
Following the installation, a luncheon was served from a lace-covered table which was beautifully decorated with garden flowers.
The best of luck to all our Sister Auxiliaries.
Fraternally,
Corienne Thompson, Social Editor •
NORMAN LADIES SPONSOR GREAT PARTY
The Editor:
On Tuesday night, July 18th, Carpenters' Local 1060 and Ladies' Auxiliary No. 561 of Norman, Oklahoma, entertained their families and friends at a picnic held in City Park.
This year's picnic started out to be just a family affair for the Carpenters' organiza- tion with the Auxiliary to be in charge— the men folk took over when some of tlie group suggested it would be a good opportunity to invite the families and friends of botli organizations to share a good time with them, and interest them in joining the Auxiliary, which is new, having been organized December 5, 1949. About 200 or more attended and it was the kind of an occasion we hope to make an annual affair.
W. G. Davis, Recording Secretary of Local 1060, introduced the Secretary of tlie State Council of Carpenters, Frank Hanks, who gave us a short talk, after which tlie officers of the Local were introduced.
Officers of the Auxiliary were next introduced and they were Mrs. J. H. Snyder, President; Mrs. Roy Woods, Vice-President; Mrs. L. L. Miller, Financial Secretary and Treasurer; Mrs. Lloyd Hoffard, Recording Secretary-; Mrs. J. O. Huffman, Mrs. Tom W.
40 THE CARPENTER
Wilson, Mrs. W. E. Pray, Trustees; Mrs. G. A. Bethel, Conductor, Mrs. Bertha Mae Bartlett, Warden.
Dr. Franklin gave the invocation after which a delicious supper was served.
Special guests were officers of the State Council of Carpenters.
A barber shop quartet furnished the musical entertainment for the evening. A good time was had by all.
Fraternally, Ladies' Auxiliary No. 561.
AUSTIN LADIES HOLD ANNIVERSARY DINNER
The Editor:
Greetings to all Sister Auxiliaries from Auxiliary No. 511 of Austin, Texas.
We would like to tell you about the anniversary dinner, held on August 5, 1950, by Carpenters' Local 1266 and our Auxiliary, in celebration of the first birthday of our Carpenters' Hall.
We served barbecue, potato salad, beans, cake, coflFee, and the trimmings. Several Carpenter members, who are great hands at barbecuing, prepared the meat, and I might add, it was delicious. The Auxiliary members prepared tlie rest of the menu. Ap- proximately 600 Carpenters and their families were served. The dinner was followed by a dance in the Hall. Everyone enjoyed himself and we considered the evening a huge success.
In June, our Auxiliary elected officers for the ensuing year. Mrs. Chester Smith was re-elected President by acclamation. She has done a splendid job and we are proud of her. Our Recording Secretary is Mrs. Clifton Smith, and our Financial Secretary is Mrs. Joe Saunders who was also re-elected by acclamation.
Our past year was a very good and successful one, and we are looking forward to an even better one this year.
We would like to hear from our Sister Auxiliaries, and would welcome a letter any time.
Fraternally, Alma Lee Griffin, Reporter
HAYWARD GROUP HOPES TO GROW
The Editor:
Ladies' Auxiliary No. 465, Hayward, Calif., wishes to send Greetings to all Sister Auxiliaries.
Our Auxiliary was organized January 8, 1947— our membership is not so large as we would like it to be but we are an active group.
To raise money for our altruistic work, we have had dinners, rummage sales, cake sales, raffles, etc. We give bingo parties at a Veterans' T. B. Hospital (the Brothers have helped us at these). We have donated money to our "Sunrise School", a school for para- lyzed children.
We joined the California State Council in 1948 and have found it to be very bene- ficial. Our charter member, Bertie Carter, is this year's representative for the North District.
At Christmas, we have a party and exchange gifts by drawing numbers. We also help the Brothers put on their Christmas party. The last two years, tliey have rented one of the local theaters and have given the children matinees, and the Auxiliary members have been on hand to chaperone and hand out the candy bags and fruit.
We meet at the A. F. of L. Labor Temple, Soto and B Streets, the second and fourth Wednesday evenings, the Brothers giving us the use of their hall rent-free. At tliese meet- ings, we have light refreshments as we feel that this makes for better companionship.
We also have a full quota of officers, figuring that the more we have to hold office, the better attendance we'll have. The 1950-'51 officers are headed by Lottie Green as President; Mary Macky, Vice-President; Oluffa Hoyer, Recording Secretary; Agnes Brook- shire, Financial Secretary; Freta Toensing, Treasurer; Florence Lane, Conductress; Bemice Ongman, Emma Edwards and Marie Twist, Trustees; Chapmanie Twist, Warden; Uno Kelso, Pianist; Marian Redding, Past President and Oluffa Hoyer, Press Correspondent.
We showed the two films "This is your Brotherhood" and "Carpenters' Home" last month, and found them very interesting.
We would like to hear from other AuxiHaries.
Fraternally, Oluffa Hoyer, Recording Secretary
Craft ProblQms
Carpentry
By H. H. Siegele LESSON 265
Hoods for Hayforks.— Hay bams often have hayfork tracks installed directly under tlie comb of tlie roof. These tracks extend beyond tlie main roof on the ends that re- ceive tlie hay. The hayfork hood is added to the barn roof to shelter this extension of track. The framing of such hoods is the subject of tliis lesson.
Fig. 1
Skeleton of Hayfork Hood.— After study- ing Fig. 1, turn to Fig. 2, where is shown a diagram of the same hood. Locate points A, D, B, C of Fig. 2 on Fig. 1. Now carry point D to K, as shown by dotted line, and tlien on to 1. Also carry point B to j and to i. The triangle A, D, B in Fig. 2 gives tlie end view of the hood, while k, 1, i, to tlie right, gives tlie side view. The line 1, i, m, represents tlie last rafter of the main
, Fig. 2
roof. Now to develop tlie diagram, set tlie compass at point B and with it strike the dotted part-circle from D to F. From F strike the dotted line through g and on to h. This done, set the compass at i and carry
point h to j, as shown by the quarter circle. Carry C to the right to m, and join k with m, as shown by dotted line; also join g with i. To get the edge bevel of the hood rafters, use the triangle i-g-h. The rafter length will give the bevel. (In this case the tangent and the rafter length are the same in length, so either will give the bevel, but that is
Fig. 3
not always true.) To get the side bevel of tlie rafters where they join the ridge board, use the triangle m-k-I. The rafter length will give the bevel. Study Figs. 1 and 2 in connection with the explanations.
Skeleton Hood.— Fig. 3 shows the same skeleton hood framed a little differently. To the left is a front view and to the right a side view, showing the spacing and tlie reinforcing block. The dotted lines give
Hood ffofter.
Plan o/ Hood
Fig. 4
the relationship of tlie two drawings. These drawings should be studied in connection with the diagrams shown by Fig. 4, where tlie diagram to tlie left represents a plan of tlie hood joined to tlie main roof. What the different lines represent is given in the dia- gram. To get tlie right conception of tlie triangle, a-b-c, in mind, you will have to
42
THE CARPENTER
imagine that line a-c, called "run", is on a level with the ridge, and that point b, when the rafter is in position will be directly under point c, as now shown on the draw- ing. In other words, imagine that the run is hinged on a level with the ridge board and in the position now shown. Then when point b swings down, it will be directly
under point c. This being true, what is now called "rise" would in reality be fall. This should be remembered to keep tlie proper setting of the diagram. The shaded bevel gives the bevel for the side of tlie rafter, botli where it joins the rafter and where it joins the ridgeboard. To get tlie points for tlie edge bevel, set the compass at point a and transfer the rafter length, a-b, to a-d. Then draw in the other lines as shown. Now the rafter length \vill give the edge bevel where -the rafter joins the ridgeboard, and the tangent will give the bevel where it joins the rafter of the main roof. Since the main hood rafters are set in a plumb posi- tion, so far as the sides are concerned, they are framed exactly like a valley rafter.
Bevel for Backing.— The diagram shown to the^ right in Fig. 4, illustrates how to get the bevel for backing, in case the rafters are backed. The triangle a-b-c, is the same
Fig. 6
as tlie one shown in the left diagram. At any convenient point draw line e-d at a right angle to the rafter line, a-b. With a compass set at d, transfer d-e, as shown, by
tlie dotted part-circle, to d-g. At a right angle to a-c, draw line d-f. Now join f with g, as shown by dotted line. The bevel at g is the bevel for the backing.
Practical Method for Framing Hoods.—
Fig. 5, to the left, is a diagram of the drawing shown to the left in Fig. 1. The diagram to the right gives the side of the hood, looking straight at it, which makes it different from what is shown to the right in Fig. 1. In this case the distance 1-2 is transferred with a compass to 1-3. Point 3 is tlien carried to the right, establishing point 4. Distance c is made equal to dis- tance d and then line b is drawn in. With these two simple diagrams you can obtain the cuts for the hood rafters. The side bevel where the rafters join the ridge is gotten by taking distance a on one arm of the square, and distance b on the otlier. Dis- tance b gives the bevel. The side cut where the rafter joins the main roof is square across. To get the edge bevel, take distance c on one ann of the square, and distance d
Fig. 7
on tlie otlier. In this case the distances are the same, making a true miter cut. In cases where tlie two distances are different, the former gives the edge bevel where the raf- ter r joins the ridge and tlie latter gives the bevel where it joins the rafter of the main roof. The explanation just given, covering Fig. 5, will apply to Fig. 6, which shows a much lower pitch. The same practical meth- od will apply to all other pitches, for the principle is tlie same.
Hood Cut for Steep Roof.-Fig, 7, to tlie left, is a diagram of a hood on a much steeper roof. The triangle, a-b-c shows a side of the hood turned up as if it were hinged on line a-c. Line c-b joins the ridge, while b-a gives the length of the rafter. For convenience, this triangle has been trans- posed in such a manner that c-d represents the rafter length, just as a-b does. Now tlien, set the compass at point c and transfer the the rafter lengtli, c-d to c-e. Then the raf-
THE CARPENTER
43
ter length taken on one arm of the square md the tangent on the other will give the side bevel where the rafter joins the ridge. Mark on the rafter length. The shaded Devel shown at e is the bevel. The diagram :o the right shows tlie side of the hood, looking straight at it, as explained in Fig. 5. Distance 2 is made equal to distance 3, .vhich is the same as distance c-a in the liagram to the left. Distance 2 and distance 3 taken on the square will give the edge Devels for their respective positions. In :his case the two edge bevels are the same, Decause the two distances are the same. When the distances are difiFerent, the re- ipective bevels will also be different.
Wants to Pass It On By H. H. Siegele
Spacing A good method of spacing for porch ■oalusters, lattice, etc., is shown by the illus- .rations. Fig. 1 shows the layout. The dis- :ance between the porch posts is 122y2 nches. To this must be added the tliickness -)i the balusters, or IVz inches. This is neces-
.;ary because tlie spacing, technically, begins md ends one-half the thickness of the bal- isters back of the surface of the posts. The jalusters are T/a by 1^2 inches, which are : paced 4 inches on center. By dividing 124 'Dy 4, we get 31, or one more than the mmi-
. PRACTICAL SPACING I
C. TO C SPrtC/NG'
Fig. 2
,)er of balusters needed. In this case figures vere taken that will come out just right, in )rder to simplify the problem. In practice he figures seldom come out just even. Now ake a light board with a straight edge, and
step off 31 spaces, with the compass set at a little more than 4 inches, say, 4 1/32 inches, as shown on the drawing. Fasten the board to the posts, bringing the starting point of the spacing to the angle between the porch rail and the post to the left. (The porch rail is shown shaded, placed between the bases of the posts for marking.) The right end of the board is to be fastened in such a way that the last spacing mark will be just the thickness of a baluster, or IV2 inches, past the corner of tlie post, as indi-
.PracticalSpacim&i
— *Jr* — 4 >t* — 4--
•f'l/!/////////////^!///
^ , Post
C.Toc Spacing
'U
''/////■yy/^/y///M'r//.
Fig. 3
cated on the drawdng. This done, with the square drop the spaces on the board to the porch rail, and mark it. This will give you tlie practical spacing shown in Fig. 2. This spacing is as accurate as the center to center (C. to C.) spacing, and more convenient. The center to center spacing must be started one-half the tliickness of the balusters back of the surface of the post. This is necessary because the post takes the place of a balus- ter, as shown by tlie dotted lines at X.
Fig. 3 shows a plan of the post to tlie right. Here is shown how the practical spacing ends at the right of tlie blind bal- uster, marked X and shown by dotted Hues. The center to center spacing is also shown, which ends at the center of the false balus- ter. Study the three drawings, and remem- ber that there is always something to be read between the lines.
MAKE THAT GIFT A BOOK
QUICK CONSTRUCTION.— Covers hundreds of prac- tical building problems, has 25S p. and 686 II. $2.50
BUILDING. — Has 220 p. and 531 11.. covering form building, garages, finishing, stair building, etc. $2.50.
ROOF FRAMING.— 175 p. and 437 il. Koof framing complete. Other problems, including saw filing. $2.50.
CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.— Has 159 p.. 426 IL, covering concrete work, form building, screeds, rein- forcing, scaffolding, other temporary construction. $2.50
CARPENTRY.— Has 302 p., 754 11., covering general house carpentry, estimating and other subjects. $2.50.
BUILDING TRADES DICTIONARY.— Has 380 p.. 670 il . and about 7.000 building trade terms. $3.00.
You can't go wrong if you buy the whole set.
THE FIRST LEAVES.— Poetry. Only $1.00.
TWIGS OF THOUGHT.— Poetry. Only $1.00.
FREE. — With 3 books, one poetry book free, with 5 books, two, and with 6 books, three. (With less than 3 books, one of the poetry books for only 50 cents.)
Books autographed. Five-day Money-back guarantee.
Postpaid only when full amount comes with order. Order u U CirOPI V 222 So. Const. St tuday. ■■• ■■• wIK-Xatfc-t Emporia, Kan' a > QUANTITIES— 12 or more books 20o^ ofT, f.o.b. Chicago
44
THE CARPENTER
Wants to Know
A brother wants to know how to make a "huting miter," or how to join a straight molding to a curved molding.
To get the cut for fitting a straight mold- ing to a curved molding of the same design, make a drawing on the order of the one
shown by Fig. 1, with a cross section of the molding. Divide the width of the molding into convenient spaces (they need not be equal) as indicated by the lines 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. Now set the compass at point X, and with a radius that will give the ouside line of the curved molding, strike the curved line that is numbered 1. This done, transfer the nmnbered spaces shown to the left, to the upper right, as indicated by numbers. With the compass again set at point X, draw in the other curved lines from the diflFerent points, or 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. Where the curved
Fig. 2
lines meet the straight lines, draw a line, as shown in Fig. 2, crossing points a, b, c, d, etc. This, you will find, will produce a slightly curved line. To make the joint, cut the molding straight, as indicated by the dotted line. Fig. 2, between points a and h. Then file the sHght curve onto the cuts with a rasp, or perhaps a block plane could also be used in making the joint fit, • •
A reader wants to know how to describe an elliptical arch, and in the same mail came a letter from another reader, who wanted spaces, as shown. In this case tliere are 13 to pass along the method he uses for de- scribing such an arch.
The accompanying illustration shows one- half of an ellipse. The horizontal center line gives the half-way line of this ellipse. What is above this line is an elliptical arch, which is also divided into two parts with a perpendicular center line. To the left is shown the method that I am passing on to anyone who wants it. i
To describe one-half of an elliptical arch,] first draw two lines at a right angle, making the short arm of this right angle, as long as half the width of the arch, and the other as long as the height of the arch. Then divide each of these arms into the same number of spaces and 12 points marking the divisions. The division points shown to the left are numbered 1, 2, 3, etc., from the bottom up I Fig. 1
I 2 3 4 J 6 7 8 9 10 II 12.
to 12. In the same way the division points at the top are numbered 1, 2, 3, etc., from left to right on to point 12. With tlie divi- sion points so marked, draw a line from 1 to 1, from 2 to 2, from 3 to 3, etc., up to 12 and 12. The curve described in this way gives one-half of the elliptical arch shownj by the illustration. The other half of this' arch is a reproduction of the curve shown to the left.
The number of spaces, as mentioned be- fore, must be the same on the two arms. Any number of spaces can be used, but there must be enough to insure accuracy.
EARN BIG PROFITS
SHARPENING AND RETOOTHING SAWS
Gain INDEPEND- ENCE and SECU- BITy with a full or part time SAW SHOP BUSINESS OF YOUR OWN Burr's precision saw shop machines help you do 1 better, faster job. and re quire less space, less lime and^ lefiS effort They (live a lifetime r' serrice and have a i year guarantee WRITE FOR FREE FOLDERS Valuable Book. Send 25c in coin for Burr's Blue Book of Coast to Coast saw shop char- ges and other valu- able information.
BURR MFG. CO.,
'INER IT A
FINISH SANDING NEW LOW PRICE!
NEW MODEL 2000
14,400
SANDING STROKES
PER MINUTE
VERY CARPENTER NEEDS
VERY CARPENTER CAN AFFORD THIS TOOL!
:ere for tlie first time in the building field, , a fast cutting finisli sander at a remarkably )w price. It's sturdily built to withstand con- nuous operation, and has a straight-line recip- icating action— leaves no cross-grain or rotary :ratches. Weiglis 5 lbs. No bearing-down . . . eight of sander does the work. Only 2 mov- ig parts . . . never needs oiling. Uses 110- 20 V. A. C. Dust-proof, fool-proof, fully .laranteed. Size 3%" x 4%" x 7". Paper can be changed in seconds. Call your sup- plier or write for details.
DREMEL MANUFACTURING CO.
2422 18th Street
Racine, Wisconsin
Ist^Measure tread or riser in 10 seconds
ELIASON STAIR GAUGE
Saves HALF Your Time I Building Staircases
iln 10 seconds you get iotli correct lieugth aud angle for stair treads, risers, .c^loset shelves, ready to mark board. ^Each end auiomatiraUy pivots and loclis It exact length and angle needed for perfect fit. Length adjustable from 20" ap. Saves a day or more, increases your profits $20 to $30 on each staircase. Fully guaranteed. Circular on request.
j| Only $12.95 cash with order, ' or C.O.D. plus postage.
•CLIASON TOOL CO. Minneapolis 17, Minn.
Dealers and Agents Wanted 2nd — Mark board with gauge for perfect fit
Vz Lighter than Aluminum
UNBREAKABLE FRAME OF EXTRUDED MAGNESIUM
• Profitable, Fast Selling, Nationally Advertised
* Available in 10 sizes from 12 to 72 inches
• Adjustable, Replaceable Vial Units
* Beautifully Designed, Accurate, Dependable
J. H. SCHARF MFG. CO., Omaha, Nebr.
SAVE TIME! SAVEMONEY! with
TRIP-HAMMER
Saw -Set
FOOT TREADLE OPERATED
• LIGHT WEIGHT
• TOOL BOX SIZE
• SETS UP EASILY
• MONEY BACK GUARANTEE
Set saws faster. NO CRAMPED HANDS. Every tooth set uniformly. Handles 5 to 12 point hand saws, 3" to 10" circular saws, Two man cross cut saws.
Send Check, Money Order or Postal Note.
ARDEE TOOL CO. Roc°y R^'er Sta^t!on, Ohio
KEEP THOSE EDGES RAZOR SHARP
on your plane blades and chisels WITH THIS NEW, PROVEN, CARPENTER'S ACCESSORY THAT ASSURES A STRAIGHT, SHARPENED EDGE ALWAYS AT A RIGHT ANGLE TO THE SIDES.
Plane Blade and Chisel Sharpener
by Marsh
1
POSTPAID
(plus tax in Calif.)
SMALL, COMPACT, READY FOR IMMEDI- ATE USE — WING SCREW IN THE HOLDING CLAMP IS THE ONLY ADJUSTMENT.
• Holds blade at correct angle for sharpen- ing • A few strokes back aud fortli ou stone keeps the edge razor sharp • No guesswork • No round corners •< 14 Ga. steel construc- tion • Weight only 8 oz. • For the bench or on the job • Satisfaction guaranteed or your money refunded.
BE SHARP! START SHARP ■ STAY SHARP
SEND YOUR CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO: 47 E. WALNUT ST. PASADENA 1, CALIF.
NEW MEASURING EASE- FAMOUS MEZURALL AND WIZARD, JR. TAPE-RULES WITH CHROME-CLAD BLADES!
Easy to
Read Markings
That Are Durable
CHECK THESE OUTSTANDING FEATURES
1 — Exclusive Lufkin Chrome-Clad satin finish blades. 2 — Black markings razor-sharp against chrome white
background. 3 — Rust and corrosion resistant. 4 — Will not crack, chip, or peel. •5 — Self-adjusting hook permits accurate buH-end
and hook-over measuring. 6 — Replaceable blades. 7 — Smooth manual blade operation. 8 — Improved heavily plated cases.
ASK FOR THEM BY NAME — ASK FOR A MEZURALL OR WIZARD, JR. CHROME-CLAD TAPE-RULE
^m lUFKIN
THE LUFKIN RULE CO. • TAPES • RULES • PRECISION TOOLS SAGINAW, MICHIGAN • NEW YORK CITY • BARRIE, ONTARIO
It's a honey — this easy - handling new ^^^
American Portable '^*'"— ^ i-^Zjlj
Electric Saw! Balanced for one-hand operation. Cuts fast in any position . . . for wood, stone, tile, sheet metal, com- positions. Big power G.E. motor develops 2 Vs H.P. Big capacity blade will cut a 2 Vs" plank at 45°, or 3" straight cut. Blade speed 5300 R.P.M. Wide base calibrated for ripping. Holds accurate depth of cut and angle adjustment. Write for details and FREE demonstration.
AMERICAN Floor Surfacing Machine Co. 520 So. St. Clair St., Toledo 3. Ohio
NOTICE
The publlBhers of "The Carpenter" reserve the right to reject all advertising matter which may be, in their judgment, unfair or objectionable to the membership of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America.
All Contracts for advertising space in "The Car- penter," Including those stipulated as non-can- cellable, are only accepted srbject to the above reserved rights of the publishers.
Index of Advertisers
Carpenters' Tools and Accessories
Page
The American Floor Surfacing
Machine Co., Toledo Ohio 46
Ardee Tool Co., Rocky River
Station, Ohio 45
Burr Mfg. Co., Los Angeles, Cal. 44 Cedarberg Mfg. Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 48
Dremel Mfg. Co., Racine, Wis. 45
Eliason Tool Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 45
E-Z Mark Tools, Los Angeles,
Cal. 47
Florboss-Habit Co., Chicago, 111. 1
Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 48
The Lufkin Rule Co., Saginaw,
Mich. 46
North Bros. Mfg. Co., Philadel- phia, Pa. 47
J. H. Scharf Mfg. Co., Omaha,
Nebr. 45
Sportmans Specialties, Pasadena,
Calif. 45
Stanley Tools, New Britain,
Conn. 3rd Cover
Carpentry Materials The Upson Co., Lockport, N. Y. 4
Doors
Overhead Door Corp., Hartford
City, Ind. 4th Cover
Technical Covirses and Books
American Technical Society,
Chicago, 111. 47
Audel Publishers, New York,
N. Y. 3rd Cover
Chicago Technical College, Chi- cago, 111. 3
H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans 43
Simmons-Boardman Publishing
Corp., New York, N. Y. 5
Tamblyn System, Denver. Colo 48
Wearing Apparel Brownstein-Lewis Co., Los An- geles, Calif. 6 The H. D. Lee Co., Kansas City,
Mo. 3rd Cover
KEEP THE MONEY IN THE FAMILYl
PATRONIZE ADVERTISERS
PILOT HOLES in a
hurry with one hand W^
andd'TANKEE" I
Automatic Push Drill i
jive yourself an extra hand for lolding doors, window stop mould- ng, hardware and other work. A 'Yankee" Push Drill bores holes "ast, easy, one-handed. Spring in landle brings it back after every troke and puts a reverse spin in he drill point to clear away chips, mproved chuck prevents drills jiUling out. Magazine handle holds I drill points, }{^" to ^". Built for 'ears of willing work. Your Stanley lealer carries these and other 'Yankee" Tools.
Write for "Yankee" Tool Book
YANKEE" TOOLS NOW PART O
t^[ STAN LEY]
THE TOOL BOX OF THE WORLO
NORTH BROS. MFG. CO.
Philadelphia 33, Pa.
"Yankee' No. 41
.ti'ir-ni.U 7-; aW 12th Edition for ■.tr\i\ ^*4A\Yi EXAMINATION
SEND NO MONEY
Learn to drtw plans, estimate, ba a lire-wire builder, do remodeling, take contracting Jobs. These 9 practical, pro- fusel; illustrated books cover subjects that will help 70U to get more work and make more money. Maaonr;, con- crete forms, carpentry, steel square, roof framing, construc- tion, plumbing, heating, painting, decorating and manj other subjects. More than 4000 pages — 2750 Illustrations.
BETTER JOBS -- BETTER PAY "p-^°-?1^S
A nationwide building boom is In full K.O t I I U W KSrlng and trained men are needed. These books ar* Big opportunities are always for MEN the most up-to- UHO KNOW HOW. These books sup- date and complata ply quick, easily understood training and we have ever pub- handy, permanent reference Information Ushed on theia that helps solve building problems. many subjects. Coupon Brings Nine Big Books For Examination
AMERICAN TECHNICAL SOCIETY Publishers since 1m1
Dept. G-736, Drexel at 58th Street, Chicago 37, lil. You may ship me the Up-to-Date edition of your nine big books, "Building, Estimating, and Contracting" with- out any obligation to buy. I will pay the delivery charge! only, and if fully satisfied !n ten days, I will send you $3.00, and after that only $4.00 a month, until the total price of only $34.80 Is paid. I am not obligated In tJty way unless I keep the books.
Name
Address . „.__
City State
Attach letter stating age, occupation, employer's name and address, and name and address of at least one buslneii man as reference. Men In service, also give home address.
i^,-^"-
. ^ HANG THAT DOOR THE PROFESSIONAL WAY!
Makes a clean-cut, deeply-etched profile on door. Remove chips. Repeat operation on Jamb. Hang door! Xo adjustments. No fussing. Precision made. Drop-forged, heat-treated steel. Comes in 3". 3i" and 4" (Std) sizes.
ONLY $1.75 ea. — $3.50 a pair (any two) — $5.25 complete set of three. If dealer can't supply, send only $1.00 -with order and pay postman balance plus post- age C. O. D. In Canada, .25c higher per order. No C. O. D. State sizes wanted.
Comes With Conceded by carpenters to be almost indispensable, Leatherette uase ^g hundreds of testimonials in file show. ("E-Z Mark" Trade Mark Reg.)
USERS PRAISE HIGHLY
"Really a help for the 'old hands' and almost a 'must' for the new boys."
S. H. Glover Cincinnati, Ohio
"The greatest help in
hanging doors I have ever seen."
J. Allen Charles
Mullins, S. C.
. E-Z MARK TOOLS, Box 8377 Dept. C, Los Angeles 16, Cal.
IHBBBBB
E-Z MARK TOOLS, Box 8377, Dept. C. Los Angeles 16, Calif.
Clip and mail handy order iorm below.
Gentlemen: Please send the following Check
n one of any size SI. 75
□ two of any size $3.50
n complete set of three any size $5.25
I enclose check or money order □
Send C. O. D □
E-Z" Mark Butt Gauges as cheeked below:
Size
Name: .
Address: City.
State:
.Zone
^^«^>^ DANDEE REEL^
OTHER
Plumbers' and Tinners'
Famaces... Circa Torches
...Fuma Torches... Razor
Blade Scrapers
FOR ALL BUILDING TRADE!
No. 41 Reel and Plumb Bob. Use this new to for a plumb line, mason line or chalk line, has a spring bracket attached for the plumb b( when it is not in use. Anti-backlash, easy add chalk. Niclde plated steel case and chror plated bob contains 100 ft. of Xo. 18 yellc mason line. $2.50 postpaid.
Xo. 44 Chalk Line Reel. 50
ft. of line is always chalked when drawn from the reel. Made so that the hne cannot snarl or tangle within the case. Chalk lasts a year of ordinary use: can easily be reordered and reloaded. $1 postpaid.
No. 44
I CEDARB
CEDARBERG MAN U FACTU B 1 NG CO., 561 So. 4th St., Minneapolis 15. Minn.
Enclosed Sni S for the iollc"iviiig shipped pospaid:
~ Xo. 41 Reel (100 Ft.) @ S2.50 i~ Xo. 4i Keel loO Ft.) @ ?l.uO
~ Xc. 43 Keel (100 Ft.) Similar to X'o. 44 g $1.25
Red, White, Blue and Dark Blue Chalk in ?. oz. Containers @ 15c. Color:
Print Xame:
Print Address:
Write in Margin If Necessary
MACHINE SAW FILING
PAYS UP TO $2 or S3 an hour. With a Foley Saw Filer you can file all haad saws, also band and cross-cut cir- cular saws. It is easy to operate — simple adjustments — no eyestrain. Start AT HOME in basement or garage. Patented jointing principle evens up all irregular teeth and makes an old saw cut just like new.
Send for FREE BOOK
"Independence After 40"
Xo canvassing necessary — "I ad- vertised in our local paper and got in 93 saws — I only work spare time at present" says M. L. Thompson. Leo H.
Mix. writes: "1 made
about $900 in sf^:- f^ ~ time last year." Frr- L-__^ Book shows how you car. ff"
start in spare time a: home with small invest- ment. Send coupon today ^xrade Mart -no salesman will call. Ree. u
LEARN TO ESTIMATE
If you are ambitious to have your own busi- ness and be your own boss the "TamblyB System" Home Study Course in Estimatisf will start you on your way.
If you are an experienced carpenter and have had a fair schooling in reading, writing and arithmetic you Ccin master our System in a short period of your spare time. The first lesson begins with excavations and step by step instructs you how to figure the cost of complete buildings just as you would do it in a contractor's office.
By the use of this System of Estimating yon avail yourself of the benefits and guidsLnce of the author's 40 years of practical experience reduced to the language you understand. You ■will never find a more opportune time to establish yourself in business than now.
Study the course for ten days absolutely free. If you decide you don't want to keep it, just return it. Otherwise send us $8.75 and pay the balance of $40.00 at $10.00 per month, making a total of $48.75 for the com- plete course. On request we will send you plans, specifications, estimate sheets, a copy of the Building Labor Calculator, and cotn- plete instructions. What we say about this course is not important, but what you find it to be after you examine it is the only thing that matters. You be the judge; your deci- sion is finaL
Write your name and address clearly and give your aige, and trade experience.
TAMBLYN SYSTEM
1115 So. Pearl St., C-45, Denver 10, Colo.
Now better than ever ^
Stanley No. 923 Bit Brace with the NEW self-centering chuck
A long-time favorite with craftsmen, the No. 923 Bit Brace with the new self-centering chuck is now better than ever. It saves time . . . speeds work. Just drop the bit into the square socket, tighten the chuck, and the bit automatically centers itself. For fast, smooth action . . . long, dependable service, get the No. 923 with the new self-centering chuck . it has everything you want in a Bit Brace. Stanley makes a complete line of Bit Braces. See the style and size you want on display at your local dealer's.
OTHER WORK-SAVING FEATURES. Head spins on ball bearings and a bronze bushing. Cocobolo hardwood handle and head. Nut ond cotter pin lock chuck in place. Forged Universal jaws take both round and square taper shank bits to Yz". 5 sizes — 6" to 14" sweep.
Stanley Tools, New Britain, Conn*
THE TOOL BOX OF THE WORID
[STANLEY]
Reg. U.S. Pol. CXf.
HARDWARE • TOOLS » ELECTRIC TOOLS • STEEL STRAPPING • STEEL
UNION-MADE
Lee
• Lee Exclusive Tailored Sizes
• Lee Sturdy Fabrics
• Sanforized
• Money-Back Guarantee!
• World's Lorg. est Makers of Union • Mode Work Clothes!
CARPENTER'S OVERALLS
TheH.D.LEEC(i.
Kansas City, Mo. Trenton, N. J. Soutli Bend, Ind. Minneapolis. Minn. San Franeiseo, Calif. Salina, Kans.
AUDELS Carpenters and Builders Guides
4vols.$6
InsideTrade Information
for Carpenters, Builders , Join- ers. Building Mechanics and all Woodworkers. These Guides give yoa the short-cut instruc- tions that yoa want— including new methods, ideas, solutions,
filans. systems and money sav- ng suggestions. An easy pro- gressive course for the appren- tice and student. A practical daily helper and Quick Refer- ence for the master worker. Carpenters everywhere are us- ing these Guides as a Helping Hand to Easier Work. Better Work and Better Pay. To get this assistance for yoar&elf. Bimply fin Jn and_
Inside Trade Information On : mail fb How to use the steel square — How to file and set saws — How to build lurnlture — How to use a mitre box — How to use tlie chalk line — How to use rules and scales — How to make joints — Carpenters arithmetic — Solving mensuration problems — Estimating strength of timbers — How to set girders and sills — How to frame houses and roofs — How to estimate costs — How to build houses, bams, garages, bungalows, etc. — How to read and draw plans — Drawing up specifications — How to excavate — How to use settings 12, 13 and 17 on the steel square — How to build hoists and scaffolds — skylights — How to build stairs — How to put on Interior trim — How to hang doors — How to lath — lay floors-
nplyfillinand
lil FEEE COUPON below.
AUDEL, Publishers, 49 W. 23rd St., New York 10, N. Y.
Mall Audels Carpenters and Builders Guides, 4 vols., on 7 days' free trial. If OK I will remit $1 in 7 days and $1 monthly until $6 Is. paid. -Otherwise I will return them. No obligation unless I am satisfied.
Name-
Occupatlon-
CAB
THE
new
model
BEST- m^ BEAUTIFUL!
•MIRACLE WEDGED • SALT SPRAY STEEL*
7Ha4uc<UOft BCectncc OPERATION
■k HADE MAIK
OVERHEAD DOOR CORPORATION
Hartford City, Indiana, U. S. A.
MANUFACTURING DIVISIONS
CARPENTER
FOUNDED 1881
Official Publication of the UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS of AMERICA
NOVEMBER, 1950
^hanks^imng - 1950
In this, the last bold bastion of human freedom, let us combine thanksgiving for past blessings with a determination to keep liberty's banners bravely flying from the Rio Grande to the Arctic Ocean, whatever the cost may be.
4(
GOMPERS"
Revered! An inspiration grand,
This gallant warrior, let him be
Immortalized in every land,
A first in labor's memory.
The genius in his thinking brow,
The challenge in his fearless eyes,
Depicted leadership that now
Yields just reward for sacrifice.
The toiler's lot he understood
And yet conforming to the law
He fought as every patriot should.
With caution, for the common good.
For freedom in his soul innate.
With tempered judgment, served him well.
No traitor would he tolerate
Within the fold of A. F. L.
The records prove his title clear
To fortitude's intrinsic worth.
This great immortal pioneer
To labor helped to bring new birth.
Glory and honor shall ever be
His! Who triumphed in the strife.
Peace be his eternally
Who gave to labor's cause, his life.
Member, Poets of the Pacific
by ALBERT V. HORNER. Carpenters Local 2164 San Francisco, Calif.
Gang-cutting pays off fast with powerful, easy-handling SKIL Saw!
MODEL 825 SKIL Saw
A favorite with contractors for general home construction. Cuts up to 2% in. deep. Bevel cuts up to 2Vb in. deep at 45°. Light, compact, pov/erful.
Gang-cutting with SKIL Saw gets buildings up fast. A look at these SKIL Saw features shows you why it's perfect for day-long production sawing on the [ob site —
NORMAL, COMFORTABLE SAWING POSITION — With SKIL Saw's rear handle you saw without difficult reaching, straining or stretching. Less eflfort per cut . . . more cuts per day. EASY, ACCURATE DEPTH ADJUSTMENT— With SKIL Saw's quick, simple depth adjustment you're ready in seconds to mark the second layer as you cut the top one.
SMOOTH, EASY SAWING ON EVERY CUT -Hi- torque SKIL Saw avoids jamming and stalling. Keeps production at a peak all day long.
Ask your SKIL Tool Distributor to demonstrate SKIL Saw today. You'll be glad you did!
SKIL Products are made only by
SKiLSAW, INC.
5033 Elston Avenue, Chicago 30, Illinois
Factory Branches in Principal Cities
In Canada: SKILTOOLS, LTD., 66 Portland St., Toronto, Ont.
Trade Mark Reg. March, 1913
A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joinera of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.
PETER E. TERZICK, Editor
Carpenters' Building, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis 4, Indiana
Established in 1881 Vol. LXX— No. 11
INDIANAPOLIS, NOVEMBER, 1950
One Dollar Per Year Ten Cents a Copy
— Con tents —
The Truth Gets Mangled -
It Pays To Know
Modern advertising techniques and public relations counsel cannot make black appear white, but they can certainly make it appear gray. The current advertising campaign which the A & P grocery chain is carrying on in an effort to discredit the government's anti-trust suit is a revelation in moden whitewashing tactics which play up minor facts to obliterate major ones.
- - - - 11
One of the last acts of the 81st Congress was to amend and liberalize the Social Security Act. Under the amended act, benefits are increased, miilions of new workers are brought under the social security program, and many other important changes are made. It will pay workers to know just where they stand under the new law and this article endeavors to answer some of the most pertinent questions connected with it.
- - - 18
Hitler pioneered in the use of the "Big Lie" but Stalin is surpassing him in taxing the credulity of people by making preposterous claims. In a heavy-handed, unimagina- tive manner the Kremlin tries to "prove" that Russia was solely responsible for the vic- tory over Japan in World War II. Many a veteran who sweated out the bitter campaigns from Guadalcanal to Okinawa will get a belly laugh out of the Russian version of the war in the Pacific.
Stupidity Always Loses
Unions Got The Book
21
A veteran lobor attorney writes an interesting book on the struggles which unions had with the courts of the land in their slow but steady march toward recognition and acceptance. Throughout the early days of unionism, the courts literally "threw the book" at all efforts of working men to organize themselves for economic betterment. The Taft- Hartley Law threatens to undo all the progress that has been made.
• * *
OTHER DEPARTMENTS
Plane Gossip
Editorials
Official
In Memoriam
The Locker -
Correspondence
To The Ladies
Craft Problems
Index to Advertisers
• • •
16 24 29 31 32 34 40 41
46
Entered July 22, 1915, at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., as second class mail matter, under Act of
Congress, Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for
in Section 1103, act of October 3. 1917. authorized on July 8. 1918.
CARPENTERS
BUILDERS and APPRENTICES
Get the practical training you need
for PROMOTION,
INCREASED INCOME
Prepare now for more pay, greater success. Hundreds have quickly advanced to foreman, superintendent, inspector, estimator, contrac- tor, with this Chicago Tech training in Build- ing. Your practical experience aids your suc- cess.
Learn how to lay out and run building jobs, read blue prints, estimate building costs, superintend con- struction. Practical training witli complete blue print plans and specifications — same as used by superin- tendents and contractors. Over 46 years of experi- ence in training practical builders.
FREE
Blue Prints and Trial Lesson
THOROUGH TRAINING IN BUILDING
Learn at Home in Your Spare Time
The successful builder will tell you that the way to the top-pay jobs and success in Building is to get thorough knowledge of blue prints, building con- struction and estimating.
In this Chicago Tech Course, you learn to read blue prints — the universal language of the builder — and understand specifications — for all types of buildings. You learn building construction details : foundations, walls, roofs, windows and doors, arches, stairs, etc.
You learn how to lay out work and direct building jobs from start to finish, to estimate building costs quick- ly and accurately. Find out how you can prepare at home for the higher-paid jobs in Building, or your own success- 'ful contracting business. Get the facts about this income-boosting Chicago Tech training now.
Send today for Trial Lesson: "How to Read Blue Prints," and set of Blue Print Plans — sent to you Free. See for yourself how this Chicago Tech course prepares you to earn more money, gives you the thorough knowl- edge of Building required for the higher-up jobs and higher pay. Don't delay. Mail the coupon today in an envelope or use penny postcard.
MAIL COUPON NOW
-|
You learn
Chicagro Technical College
P-122 Tech Bldff., 2000 So. Michigan Ave.
Chicago 16, III.
Mail me Free Blue Print Plans and Booklet : "How to Read Blue Prints" with information about how I can train at home.
Name Age
Address
» Occupation
City.
Zone.
State
CHICAGO TECHNICAL COLLEGE
TECH BLDG., 2000 SOUTH MICHIGAN AVE., CHICAGO 16, ILL.
When The Cvsfomer Says:
Sell them with confidence because you will be recommending: — the material that has been time-tested on thousands of
ceilings.
— the material that makes the most beautiful of all ceilings. — -the material that produces true home-style ceilings. — the material that produces crac^proo/ trouble-free ceilings. — the material that produces long lasting ceilings. — the material you can apply without visible face nailing
with Upson Floating Fasteners. — the material that is widely advertised for re-covering
cracked ceilings. — the material which has the greatest sales appeal.
No material — not one — equals Upson Kuver-Krak Panels for re-covering cracked ceilings. For they are scientifically processed to an exclusive formula! Lami- nated! A full 5 plys thick! Pebbled surface pre-sizedl They build profitable business through the years. For Instruction Sheets, see your lumber dealer or mail the coupon.
UPSON
KUVER-KRAK
Only Upton PoneU can be applied with thit unique Upson Float- Ing Fastener. It anchon panels securely from the back. Eliminatst visible Face nailing. Designed to compensate for normal 6truc- I tural movement.
THE UPSON COMPANV
PANEtS
Easily identified by the famous BLUE center.
431 1 Upson Point, Lockport, New York
Q Send me lostructioD Sheets for applicati
□ Have your Representative call to give ceiling market.
NAMe
NAME OF FIRM
STREET ADDRESS
CITY
of Kuver-Krak Panela. more ioformation on the cracked
Looklne straieht down on the back edge you see the perfect taper erind of every Disston Hand Saw. Blade thicker at butt. ^^i**— "^ ♦■
Looklns straieht back at the point edge you see the perfect up- ward taper grind of every Disston Hand Saw. Thicker at the tootb edge.
Looking straight down on the tooth edge you see the gauge of the steel from the butt to the point. All the way, the tooth edge Is SAME WIDTH.
MS7i[W. TRUE TAPER GRIND
adds speed/ ease, accuracy
D/SSrON . . . The Saw Most Carpenters Use is perfectly taper ground, as explained above, to help you do your smoothest, fastest, truest sawing — to help you save time and material. Furthermore, this is the saw made of Disston Steel — Disston-
controUed to give you the flex and balance you want . . . hardened and tempered to make the edge last longer. There are Disston types and sizes for all your work. See Your Hardware Retailer.
HENRY DISSTON & SONS, INC.,1104Tacony. Philadelphia 35. Pa., U.S.A.
In Canada, write: 2-20 Fraser Ave., Toronto 3, Ont.
SPBBVCOn TOOLS
ivfCL SAve you
TiME ANPMONEV
SPEED SAW FILER
Now file your own saws! Precision fil- ing easy without experience. Two sim- ple adjustments. Keeps any hand saw extra sharp and true cutting. Complete with file and ready to use $2.95
DRILL GRINDER Makes old drills cut like new. Sharpens 3/32" to I 'A" drills with factory accuracy in 30 sees. No ex- perience necessary. Use with hand or power grinding wheels. $2.95
SPEEDCOR HANDLE Holds files, razor blades, taps, drills, Allen wrenches, bits etc. Operates | similar to drill chuck. Precision made. Handiest tool in tool box. $1
SPEED GRIP PLANE Precision made, pocket sized plane as easy to grip as big one. S'A" X I 'A" face. Can't be beat for all around fitting and finishing. Blade guaranteed to hold edge. $1.50
SPEED SAW CLAMP Grips full length of hand saws — 30 inches. Saves time. Attached or released from bench in 15 seconds. Lifetime construction. Holds entire saw true without vibration. $4.95 Order Today! Cash with order, prepaid. COD postage extra. Money back Guarante*
CIRCULAR SAW FILER
Sharpen circular saws like an |
expert. Adjustable for any pitch
or angle. Complete with file and |
mandrels for blades with 'A"
%", %". 13/16" centers. $6.95
SPEEDCOR PRODUCTS
Dept.A-512N.E.73rdAve. Portland 16, Oregon
HANDIEST CARPENTER RULE MADE... LUFKIN TWO WAY-RED END 966
* Measures Left to Right— Right to Left
* Patented soh'd brass lock joints
* Solid brass mountings, strike plates
* Enameled snow >white, gloss red ends
* Folding end hook Is optional
Write Dept. C for fascinating booklet, "The Amaz- ing Story of Measurement". Enclose 10c (no stamps) for handling and mailing.
Wfkin
THE LUFKIN RULE CO. . TAPES • RULES • PRECISION TOOLS SAGINAW, MICHIGAN • NEW YORK CITY • BARRIE, ONL
LEARN TO ESTIMATE
If you are ambitious to have your own busi- ness and be your own boss the "Tamblyn System" Home Study Course in Estimating will start you on your way.
If you are an experienced carpenter and have had a fair schooling in reading, writing and arithmetic you can master our System in a short period of your spare time. The first lesson begins with excavations Euid step by step instructs you how to figure the cost of complete buildings just as you would do it in a contractor's office.
By the use of this System of Estimating yon avail yourself of the benefits and guidance of the author's 40 years of practical experience reduced to the language you understauid. You will never find a more opportune time to establish yourself In business than now.
Study the course for ten days absolutely free. If you decide you don't want to keep it, just return it. Otherwise send us $8.75 and pay the balance of $40.00 at $10.00 per month, making a total of $48.75 for the com- plete course. On request we will send you plans, specifications; estimate sheets, a copy of the Building Labor Calculator, and com- plete instructions. What we say about this course is not important, but what you find it to be after you examine it is the only thing that matters. You be the judge; your deci- sion Is final.
Write your name and address deiu'Iy and give your age, and trade experience.
TAMBLYN SYSTEM
Ills So. Pearl St., C-47, Denver 10, Colo.
t-x •*^'r.
BOf«
o^«°
. ^ HANG THAT DOOR THE PROFESSIONAL WAY!
Makes a clean-cut. deeply-etched profile on door. Remove chips. Repeat operation on jamb. Hang door! No adjustments. No fussing. Precision made. Drop-forged, heat-treated steel. Comes in 3", 3i" and 4" (Std) size:.
ONLY $1.75 ea. — $3.50 a pair (any two) — $5.25 complete set of three. If dealer can't supply, send only $1.00 with order and pay postman balance plus post- age C. O. D. In Canada, .25c higher per order. No C. O. D. State sizes "n-anted.
USERS PRAISE HIGHLY
"Really a help for the 'old hands' and almost a 'must' for the new boys."
S. H. Glover Cincinnati, Ohio
"The greatest help in
hanging doors I hare erer seen."
J. Allen Charles
Mullins, S. C.
Comes With Leatherette uase
Conceded by carpenters to be almost indispensable, as hundreds of testimonials in file show. (••E-Z Mark" Trade Mark Eeg.)
E-Z MARK TOOLS, Box 8377 Dept. C, Los Angeles 16, Cal.
E-Z MARK TOOLS, Box 8377, Dept. C. Los Angeles 16, Calif.
V
han
I
C/ip orxd mail handy order form below.
Gentlemen: Pleose send the following "E-Z" Mark BuH Gauges as checked below:
Check Size
[I one of any size $1.75
[2 two of any size $3.50
^ complete set of three any size $5.25
I enclose check or money order □
Send C. O. D D
Address: City
.Zone
The Truth Gets Mangled
* •
1 BELIEVE that in the end truth will conquer. Six hundred years ago John WyclifFe uttered the above words to the Duke of Lancaster. In the inten^ening centuries truth has fought a never- ending battle against its enemies, but today it is as harrassed and belea- guered as it ever was. In fact all indications are that truth is finding the sled- ding tougher in the Twentieth Century than at any other time in human history. The Twentieth Century has produced an entirely new cult of truth- evaders. Torturing, twisting and misinterpreting the truth has become not only a highly specialized profession but a highly profitable one as well. Its ; chief technique is not to indulge in outright falsehood, (although Hitler and = Stalin developed the Big Lie theory to its ultimate) but rather to so worry, ; befuddle and confuse the truth that hardly any one can recognize it. In that way, truth becomes hopelessly lost in the shuffle.
On a global scale this technique seems to have become SOP (stand- ard operating procedure) in interna- tional relations. On the home front, junior versions of the same technique have become accepted adjuncts to ithe advertising business and public relations business. The legal profes- sion is not entirely blameless. Neither are the newspapers nor the radio. ; Politicians have developed it into an art. In fact there is hardly any phase of our economic life that is not touched in one way or another by this foot- sie-playing with truth.
Take one quick example in adver- tising. Recently a government agency, undoubtedly prodded into action by the far-fetched advertising claims of cigarette companies which ascribe all sorts of medicinal values to their pro- ducts, decided to examine the vari- ous brands of cigarettes. After ex- haustive tests, the agency found that all cigarettes were harmful in that they contained about equal amounts of throat-irritants, that the tobaccos :used were about the same in all brands. The agency said so in its re-
port. The language was fairly simple and straightforward. Even to the eight year old the meaning was clear; all cigarettes are harmful in roughly equal proportions.
Then some high-powered advertis- ing executive got hold of the report. Within a week or two his cigarette account was notifying the world, via radio, that "government tobacco ex- perts, after exhaustive tests, have proved conclusively that no cigarette contains less tliroat irritants than El Stinkos". Another commercial claimed: "Ofiicial government tests now prove tliat no cigarette contains finer tobaccos than El Stinkos.'"'
There you have the technique at its highest efficiency. A government agency finds all cigarettes to be equal- ly harmful, but by taking words out of context and doing a little phrase juggling, an advertising expert creates the illusion that El Stinkos ha\'e gotten a tremendous endorse- ment from Uncle Sam's experts. It is as simple as that. The government can hardly do anything about it since
THE CARPENTER
no outright lies are involved. How- ever, the victory for truth which Wy- cliife foresaw in the Fourteenth Cen- tury certainly is not aided by such shenanigans.
But the real classic of truth-mang- ling is the A & P anti-trust case. The government is bringing suit against the A & P grocery chain for suppos- edly violating the Sherman anti-trust laws. As to the merits or demerits of the government's case, this journal is wholly ignorant. What intrigues us is the tactics being employed by the grocery chain.
On September 15th of last year the government brought action against A & P. The government charged the chain with using its tremendous buy- ing power in a predatory manner and by tiie use of boycotts, secret dis- counts, and blacklisting to force spe- cial discounts from packers and pro- ducers. The government also accused the chain of instituting price wars to drive weaker competitors out of busi- ness. Such illegal practices the gov- ernment wanted discontinued, and as a guarantee that they would be, the government was asking that certain phases of A & P operations, such as manufacturing and packing, be di- vorced from merchandizing phases of the business. In similar cases, the government years ago broke up the old empire of the Pullman cars and divorced the production phase of mo- tion picture making from tlie exhibi- tion phase. The companies involved— The Pullman Company and Para- mount pictures— are still in business. The government neither asked nor intimated that these companies should be driven out of business. All it asked was that certain illegal, monopolistic practices be discontinued, and to in- sure these results and eliminate mono- poly, that certain phases of the com- pany's diversified operations be sep- arated.
The government case against A & P is practically identical with the Pull- man and Paramount cases. For a few days after Uncle Sam moved in against A & P the case drew very little attention. But five days later, some 2,000 newspapers throughout the land blossomed out with the first of many huge A & P ads. In tall and very black headlines these ads asked the questions: "Do You Want Your A & P Put Out of Business?" and "Do You Want Higher Prices?" The text of the ads proclaimed: "This (a government victory) would mean higher food prices for you. . . . less food on every dinner table. . . . Do they (the Ameri- can people) want to continue to en- joy low prices and better living? Or do they want to break up A & P and pay higher prices and have lower Hv- ing standards?"
The following week a second bar- rage of A & P ads appeared through- out the country. "Why Do They Want to put A & P Out of Business?" asked the headlines of these full-page masterpieces. Answering their own question, the ads continued; "They say. . . . and these are the anti-trust lawyers' own words. . . .that we have 'regularly undersold competing re- tailers.' "
Similar A & P ads have appeared periodically ever since. The theme of them is all the same— tlie government is trying to put A & P out of business because it is selling merchandise too cheaply.
However, government attorneys have an entirely different version of the suit. Speaking before the Con- necticut Bar Association, Attorney- General McGrath said some time ago:
"The successful prosecution of the pending civil suit," he said, "will not increase, but should decrease, gro- cery prices. . . .The existence of mo- nopoly power and its ruthless use in disregard of the public interest threat-
THE CARPENTER
en economic freedom, retard efficien- cy, and curtail progress. Our system of free enterprise cannot survive un- less the advantages of competition ac- crue to all of us."
Speaking on the same day in Chi- cago, Assistant Attorney-General Bergson, head of the anti-trust divi- sion, pointed out:
"A & P has overlooked a very sig- nificant fact in its advertisements. The filing of the recent civil suit did not mark the beginning of the De- partment's anti-trust litigation against A & P. In 1942, the Department in-
- stituted a criminal anti-trust case, in- volving the same conduct that is the subject matter of the civil suit. . . . After six months of careful considera- tion. . , . the Court found A & P guilty. ... A & P appealed to the Court of Appeals. ... In February of 1949 that court unanimously held that A & P had been properly convicted. A & P could have asked the Supreme Court of the United States to review this conviction. . . .They chose not to do so. Instead, they paid maximum
. fines totaling $175,000. . . .
. "Suppression of the truth is equiva- lent to the suggestion of what is false. In a mild way, that sums up A & P's
. advertising. ... A typical deception is found in the advertisement which reads, quote: 'They say. . . and these - are the anti-trust lawyers' own words .... that "we have regularly under- sold competing retailers," ' end quote. This advertisement asserts that this is the charge against A & P. And to this charge A & P in headline type pleads guilty. . . . These words were deliberately lifted out of context. I'll
^ read you the paragraph of the com- plaint in which they are found:
Defendants, by coercing and re-
I ceiving unlawful buying preferences,
.have become enabled to and have reg-
i ularly undersold, regularly taken pa-
tronage away from, and sometimes eliminated competing retailers. . . .
"The Court did not convict A & P of being big. ... A & P was con- victed. . . . because, and I quote the Court, of the predatory application of its mass purchasing power' and the abuse of that power through boycotts, black-listing, preferential rebates, price wars, and below-cost retailing in strategic areas in order to eliminate local competition. . . . The aim of this case is to restore active and vig- orous competition to the food indus- try."
As stated previously, this journal is in no position to pass on the merits or demerits of the government's case against A & P. That is for legal minds to settle. However, it is obvious that A & P and its public relations coun- sel are developing a new high in con- founding the truth.
In the final analysis, what happens to A & P in the pending suit will not materially affect the average individ- ual very much one way or another, except as it bears on the growth of monopoly in this country. We are merely pointing out how effectively high-powered public relations experts can make black appear white if peo- ple do not study issues, keep open minds, and do a little independent thinking.
Truth-juggling in advertising may not appear to be dangerous. How- ever, the same techniques which are used to fool people in the grocery store are now being used to peddle political philosophies, elect politicians and put over dubious legislation. The phony Kremlin-inspired "peace peti- tion" is a case in point. Everyone wants peace. The petition purports to ask for peace, yet behind it is noth- ing more nor less than a plot to dis- arm this nation and sap its defensive strength. Thousands of sincere Ameri-
10 THE CARPENTER
cans have already been hoodwinked them is not plausible. And, lastly,
into signing. more working people ought to read
The moral is that all citizens must the labor press. The labor press has
do more of their own thinking these no particular axes to grind other than
days. They must be less prone to advancing the interests of working
believe everything they read in the people. The labor press may not be
daily papers or hear over the radio, as fancy; it may not have as many
They must start asking themselves features; it may not be as well writ-
"What kind of an axe does he have to ten as the money-making press; but
grind?" every time they read or hear it has one thing most others do not—
something that common sense tells it calls its shots as it sees them.
On-the-job Injury- Frequency Rate Hit Record Low in 1949
Work-injury rates in manufacturing and non-manufacturing continued to decline during 1949, according to final summaries prepared by the United States Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics. The average injur>'- frequency rate for all manufacturing decreased 12.8 per cent, from 17.2 in- juries per million man-hours in 1948 to 15.0 in 1949.
The rate is one of the lowest recorded in the Bureau's 24-year injury-rate series, and represents a return to the low level of the years immediately be- fore World War II. Rates for those years were 15.1 for 1938, 14.9 for 1939, and 15.3 for 1940.
Non-manufacturing industries showed less improvement in their injury record from 1948 to 1949 than manufacturing. Of the 76 separate mining and other non-manufacturing classifications for which comparable data were avail- able, 35 reported significant decreases, 21 recorded increases, and 20 showed little change.
Only 8 of the 149 individual manufacturing industries had significantly higher injury-frequency rates in 1949 than in 1948, 28 recorded little change and 113 reported decreases of 1 or more frequency-rate points. Of this latter groups 22 showed decreases of 5 or more points.
Among the industry groups, iron and steel products showed the greatest improvement— a drop of 3.9 frequency-rate points from 1948 to 1949. Indi- vidual industries within this group reporting the greatest improvement were iron foundries, with a decrease from 39.7 injuries per million man-hours in 1948, to 29.0 in 1949; vitreous-enameled products from 25.1 to 16.6; plate fabrication and boiler-shop products, from 33.4 to 25.1; stamped and pressed metal products , from 21.6 to 14.0; steel foundries, from 30.5 to 23.1; and steel springs, from 20.8 to 13.6.
Other industries showing marked decreases in their injury-frequency rates were boatbuilding and repairing (from 48.2 to 40.0), textile machinery (from 20.9 to 13.6), breweries (from 35.5 to 28.4), and wooden containers (from 42.6 to 35.6).
High-rate industries in manufacturing were logging (with a rate of 92.2 injuries per million man-hours), sawmills (55.6), integrated saw and planing mills (47.6), planing mills operated separately from sawmills (38.1), structural clay products (36.8), cut stone and cut-stone products (36.6), and wooden containers (35.6).
11
It Pays To Know
• • •
As FAR as working people are concerned, the Social Security Act Amendments of 1950 constitute the most important piece of legisla- tion passed by the present Congress. By this legislation the Social Secu- rity system is liberalized and broadened. Old age and survivors benefits are increased substantially. Coverage is broadened to include many types of workers Vv'ho were previously excluded. Most important among these are workers who are self-employed. The carpenter who operates his own little shop or operates as a small-time contractor part of the time or all the time is now entitled to coverage under the Social Seciurity program.
Like most legislation, the new Social Security law is complicated and full of legalistic language. However, it is important that ever}^ working person know tlie main provisions in the law. To make the various sections of the law as understandable as possible, the following question and answer analysis has been worked out. However, if any
I
member has any question regarding the new law which is bothering him, he should contact his nearest Social Security office which will give him the answers he wants.
Benefits I expect to retire in a few years. How will my benefits be figured?
Your benefit will be computed in two ways, and whichever way re- sults in the higher figure will be used. First, your benefit will be computed under the old formula (40 per cent of the first $50 of your average monthly wage, plus 10 per cent of the remainder, plus 1 per cent of that sum for each year of coverage after 1937 and before 1951) and will be in- creased by the use of the table for present beneficiaries. Second, your benefit will be computed under the new formula— 50 per cent of the first $100 of your aver- age monthly 'wa.ge, plus 15 per cent of the next $200, with no in- crease for years of coverage.
How do I figure my average monthly
wage?
Your average monthly wage will be computed as under present law— that is, by dividing the total of your wages by the months in which you could have worked in covered employment— except that if you work for about 18 months after 1950, or longer, and if a higher figure would result, your average monthly wage will be computed from 1950 instead of from the beginning of the pro- gram.
How are the survivors' and depend- ents' benefits computed?
As under the old law, the wife of a retired worker gets a benefit equal to one-half of the primary insurance amount, and the widow of a deceased worker gets three- quarters of his primary insurance amount. The benefit for a de- pendent parent has been raised by the new law from one-haK to
12
THE CARPENTER
three-quarters of the primary a- mount, and the benefit for the first child in a family has also been raised from o n e-h a 1 f to three-quarters. Each succeeding child in the family gets one-half of the primary amount, as under the old law.
What is the maximum under the new law?
For a retired worker, $80; for a worker and wife, $120; for a fam- ily, $150.
Are insurance benefits paid under title n of the Social Security Act tax- able for Federal income tax purposes?
at any time, before or after age
65. I am already over 65 years of age. I have four quarters of coverage in 1944. Can I earn the additional two quarters I need in 1951 or 1952?
Yes. The six quarters can be earned anytime before or after 65.
I am age 59. I already have the ten quarters of coverage I need to be eli- gible for insurance benefits at age 65. Do I have to earn additional quarters of coverage after 1950?
No. However, if you earn six quarters of coverage after 1950,
Following is a table illustrating amounts under the new formula:
|
Average |
Benefit for a Retired Single Man |
Benefit for a Retired Man and |
|
|
Monthly |
5 Years of 30 Years |
of |
5 Years of 30 Years |
|
Wage |
Coverage Coverage |
Coverage Coverage |
|
|
$100 |
$50.00 $50.00 |
$ 75.00 $ 75.00 |
|
|
200 |
65.00 65.00 |
97.50 97.50 |
|
|
250 |
72.50 72.50 |
108.80 108.80 |
|
|
300 |
80.00 80.00 |
120.00 120.00 |
Wife of
No. They do not have to be re- ported as taxable income.
Eligibility for Benefits
I am oyer 65 but could not get bene- fits under the old law because I did not have enough quarters of coverage. Am I eligible for benefits under the new law?
If you are over the age 65 and already have as many as 6 quar- ters of coverage you can get benefits under the new law.
Tm 63 years old now and haven't been able to work much in the last few years. How many quarters do I need to be eligible for benefits when I reach 65?
Anyone who is now 62 or over can get benefits if he has as much as 6 quarters of coverage, earned
you may be eligible for much higher benefits under the new formula.
What about people who aren't yet 62? How many quarters do they need?
The general rule is that a work- er must have half as many quar- ters of coverage as the number of calendar quarters elapsing after 1950 and the time he attains age 65. Thus a person who is now 61, and consequently will at- tain age 65 in the second half of 1956, will need 11 quarters. As soon as a person has 40 quarters (that is, about 10 years) he is fully insured regardless of age. Quarters earned at any time— be- fore or after the new law— count toward meeting the requirement.
THE CARPENTER
13
If I should die could my wife and baby get benefits even if I had not been covered for 10 years?
Yes. As under the old lav^, monthly benefits are payable to widows and young children if the worker was "currently insured" —that is, if he was covered for roughly a year and a half out of the three years before his death —even if he did not meet the stricter requirements for old-age benefits.
My husband is unable to work and is dependent on me for support. I was told that he could not get any bene- fits from my social security. Is that still true under the new law?
No. Under the new law, if you are eligible for benefits at age 65 and if your husband is dependent on you for support, he, too, can get benefits at age 65. Also, if you should die and if he was de- pendent on you at the time of your death, he can receive wid- ower's benefits when he reaches age 65.
I am a married woman with two children. I understand that under the old law my children could not get any benefits from my social security if I died because their father is liv- ing with them and supporting them. Has that been changed under the new law?
Yes, under the new law, if you are "currently insured" when you die— that is, if you have worked for roughly a year and a half out of the three years before your death— your children can get monthly benefits even though they are living with and being I supported by their father.
What will happen if a person be- comes eligible for benefits under the
new law but does not apply for them right away? Will he lose benefits for the months before his application is filed?
Under the new law benefits can be paid retroactively for six months before the time of appli- cation. This new provision does not become fully effective, though, until March 1951; appli- cations filed before that time can- not be retroactive before Sept- ember 1950. Under the old law benefits could be paid retroact- ively for only three months.
I understand a lump sum death pay- ment is made in all cases. Is that true; and how much does it amount to?
Yes, the lump sum will be paid whenever a worker dies who was either fully or currently insured. Under the old law it was paid only if there was no one immedi- ately eligible for monthly bene- fits. It will amount to 3 times the workers' "primary insurance amount," or between $60 and $240, depending on his work his- tory in covered employment.
I am 60 years old but I can't work be- cause I'm permanently and totally disabled. Do I have to wait until I'm 65 to get benefits? I'll probably be dead by that time.
The new law does not provide for payments to persons under 65 even though permanently and to- tally disabled. Provisions for dis- ability benefits were recommend- ed by the President and adopted by the House of Representatives, but were rejected in the Senate. Not only are disabled persons in- eligible for benefits, but their periods of disability will con- tinue, as under the old law, to reduce the likelihood that they
14
THE CARPENTER
or their families will qualify for benefits at age 65 or death and will reduce the amount of the benefits they will receive (al- though this effect will be less severe in some ways because of other changes in the law).
Retirement Test .
I am over 65 and eligible for benefits but couldn't get them under the old law because I am working. Can I now receive benefits?
Two changes have been made in this provision of the law. First, you can earn as much as $50, in- stead of $14.99 as under the old law, without losing benefits; and, second^ after you reach age 75 you can get benefits regardless of the amount of your earnings.
Can a person receive monthly insur- ance payments if he has income from any sources besides earnings from work?
Yes. Once a person has qualified for benefits, he may receive pay- ments even though he has in- come from capital investments, such as annuities, rentals from real estate, dividends from stocks, or interest on bonds.
I retired several years ago and have been getting benefits under social se- curity. I now have a little business of my own. Will I have to give up my business in order to keep my benefits?
If you are 75 or over, or if your business is in one of the profes- sional groups still not covered (see answer to question 5), or if you make less than $600 a year, you can still draw benefits each month.
What happens if I make more than $600 a year from my business?
For each additional $50 or frac- tion thereof you will lose one month's benefit. Thus, if you make $675 you will lose benefits for 1 month; if you make $825 you will lose benefits for 5 months; and if you make $1,150 or more you will lose your bene- fits for the whole year.
Miscellaneous
How much will the new program cost?
It is estimated the new program will cost in the long run a total of about 6 per cent of taxable payrolls.
If I pay contributions on more than the maximum amount each year be- cause I work for more than one em- ployer, can I obtain a refund of the excess contributions?
Yes, you can. You can file a claim for a refund with the Collector of Internal Revenue. Such a claim must be filed, however, within two years after the year in which the wages are received with respect to which the refund is claimed. The new law pro- vides that beginning with the year 1951 refunds may be taken by a taxpayer as a credit against his income tax.
Coverage Of The Self-Employed
How much will a self-employed per- son have to contribute?
Since he has no employer to con- tribute for him, his rate will be % of the combined rate on em- ployer and employee, or £¥4 per cent until 1954.
Are all self-employed persons cov- ered under the new law?
THE CARPENTER
15
No, the following groups are not covered: farmers, physicians, lawyers, dentists, osteopaths, vet- erinarians, chiropractors, optome- trists, Christian Science practi- tioners, architects, naturopaths, funeral directors, professional en- gineers, and certified, registered, licensed, or full-time practicing public accountants. In addition, other self-employed persons are not covered unless their income from self -employment in a year is $400 or more.
Do self-employed people really need social security coverage?
Despite the traditional belief that the independent business man is able to take care of himself, sta- tistics indicate that the self-em- ployed need social insurance pro- tection as much as any other group. In 1945, a relatively pros- perous year, one-half of all urban self-employed persons had net in- comes of less than $1,290, as com- pared with a figure of $1,615 for wage and salary workers. Accord- ing to a 1944 survey in Phila- delphia, not more than 10 per cent of the proprietors of unin- corporated businesses could ex- pect to realize, by liquidating their businesses, enough to yield an annual income of $500. Only about one self-employed person out of five has any supplemen- tary income from savings, and most of these receive less than $500 annually from that source. It is clear that coverage under old-age survivors insurance will
ibe extremely valuable to the self- employed.
I am the owner of a small business. What am I expected to do under the new social security law— how often
do I pay my social security, how do I pay it, and do I have to get a number?
You will report your self-employ- ment income once a year, and pay your social security contri- bution, when you file your in- come tax return. A few addition- al questions will be included in that return for you to fill in. You must also get a social security card and be assigned an account number. You can get your social security number at any field of- fice of the Social Security Ad- ministration.
I am self-employed and I don't intend to retire when I'm 65. Why should I have to pay social security taxes if I can't ever get any benefits?
You or your family may get bene- fits even though you do not plan to retire at 65. If you die pre- maturely, your widow and young children will be eligible for monthly benefits, and even if you never retire you can receive ben- efits at age 75 regardless of your earnings. Moreover, even if now you don't intend to retire at age 65, your health or other circum- stances over which you may have no control may require you to retire.
How will prior covered employment affect self-employed people?
Any wages a self-employed per- son previously earned in a job covered by social security will still be listed on his social secur- ity account. These previously earned wages will help to estab- lish his insured statvis and will be considered in determining his benefits or those of his survivors. His self-employment income will be credited to his social securi- ty account in the same manner.
p
LANE
A LITTLE SHORT-SIGHTED
There seem to be many indications that the Post Office Department is about ready to restore mail ser\ice to its former high level. More and more people are becoming disgusted with the curtailed program which the Department put into effect earlier this year as an "economy" move. The result is greater and greater pressure on Washing- ton for a restoration of decent service. Wash- ington observers believe that the Post Office Department is about ready to give in.
Whiile everyone is strongly in fa\or of greater economy in government, the Post Office Department's drastic cut back in ser- \'ice hardly seemed justified in view of the inconveniences created and tlie small amount of money saved. In putting into effect its curtailment program maybe the Post Office Department was something fike the bride- groom in an old story.
"Too bad about oiu- newly-wed neigh- bors," said Mrs. Chatter. "They've only been married si.x months but already he is beginning to find fault with her looks."
"Why I thought he fell in love with her at first sight," remarked Mrs. Catty.
"He did," replied Mrs. Chatter, "but last week he discovered he needed glasses."
60. -giSBzB-jss ©I9SO Ot^L Stamwitz
"My dad says that this X squared is the determining factor for Labor- when it's put on a baUot!"
WILL ROGERS WAS RIGHT
Twenty-five years ago, old Will Rogers said: "Income is an amount of money which always turns out to be less than your ex- penses."
This month that definition is turning out to be truer tlian ever since the new tax pro- gram is taking an even bigger bite out of the old pav envelope.
• * • WORSE THAN NOTHING
For the fourth straight month since tlie start of the shooting in Korea, the cost of hving has continued to climb. All prices— especially food prices— are passing tlie peaks established during the war years. And all indications are that the end is not yet in sight. Economists predict that the inflation- ary spiral will increase in tempo after the first of tlie year.
Congress has failed miserably to write a decent bill for stopping inflation. Too many Tafts, Wherrys and Hickenloopers in Con- gress were opposed to clamping down on the big profits business is reaping out of tlie national emergency. The control bill they passed ties wage controls to any at- tempt to halt runaway prices. Since prices have already run far ahead of wages, tlie measure simply insures tlie profiteers a continuation of their huge profits. As far as the control measure goes, it sort of re- minds us of the oldie about the mission- ary.
Awaking one m.oniing, the missionar>' was horrified to find his native cook straining the coffee through a sock. The cook, upon being soundly upbraided by the man of the cloth, looked blank for awhile, but even- tually a grin spread over his face.
"No need worry, Father," he said. "Me not use clean sock."
Moral: Let's all keep working until we elect the kind of Congress that will really stop inflation.
* * * PROFESSOR PAUP
Coincidental with tlie opening of the new college year. Prof. Joseph Paup, Dean of the School of E.xperience at the College of Hard Knocks, whipped up the following Httle gem for posterit>':
"Many a man who thinks he has a clear conscience merely has a short memory."
THE CARPENTER
17
MISSING THE POINT
Although organized labor has been doing a fine job of getting people registered, a re- cent survey disclosed that millions of citi- zens were still unregistered and therefore in- eligible to vote. The man who thinks his single vote isn't important and taking time to register is merely a nuisance sort of re- minds us of the garage mechanic who watched his kids pound nails all over the furniture.
When a friend asked, "Isn't it expensive to let the kids play that way?" the mechanic answered, "Heck, no, I get the nails whole- sale."
The way it looks to us both the mechanic and the guy who does not register miss the main point.
* * * BUT DON'T CUT THE PROFITS
Apparently colored television is still a long way off. For several years colored TV was held up by a government bureau which was trying to make up its mind as to which of several systems should be adopted as standard. The bureau has finally made its decision but the set manufacturers are now gumming up the works. They do not want to bother with color so long as the boom in sales of black and white sets continues at its present terrific rate. Apparently they want to make sure they have milked every possible dollar out of ordinary TV before they start throwing color sets on the market, sets which will in all likelihood make pres- ent sets obsolete and thereby open up a whole new market.
As usual, the consumer is about to get it in the neck again. The government is supposed to be looking after his interests. So is the industry association. But in the long run old John Q. Public is going to get it right where tlie chicken got the axe. John always gets lots of "protection" until such protection starts cutting into some- body's profits. Then it is another story.
And this brings to mind an old one about the church deacon. One Sunday the church was filled to capacity. To avoid embarrass- ment, the pastor had a deacon stand in front of tlie door with a sign reading "House Full". However, a man soon dashed up and wanted in. The deacon explained the sit- uation, but tlie man said that he only wanted in because he had to see a friend on a life and death matter. He was so insis- tent the deacon finally let him in; but not before he warned: "All right, you can slip in— but Heaven help you if I catch you praying."
A GOOD EXCUSE
According to Sir Harold S. Jones, famous British astrologer, the length of the day is changing by a "thousandth of a second a century". To the ordinary layman, this does not mean very much, but Sir Harold points out that a change even as minute as that may seriously upset some astronomical cal- culations.
Whether the day is getting longer or shorter, the famous scientist did not say. However, we are certain that there is one group in the United States which is defin- itely interested in finding out. If the Real Estate lobby can definitely establish that the day is getting a thousandth of a second longer every century, it will give them another swell excuse for jacking up rents seventeen and a half per cent.
• * * POOR HEARING
An elderly woman had been to hear her nephew preach for the first time, and she thought it a very poor sermon.
Later that day she asked, "James, why did you enter the ministry?"
"Because I was called," he answered.
"James," said the aunt, looking solemnly at him, "are sure it wasn't some other noise you heard?"
A lot of anti-labor candidates found them- selves in the same predicament as the above preacher on November 8th. What they mis- took to be a call from the people turned out to be bronx cheer from the voters.
42.-gtgEE3-'» © 1950 ^C/^j^C Stamuz/Tz
"Miss Reed, your union contract says you must give thirty days notice before you strike."
18
Stupidity Always Loses
FOR REASONS best known to itself, the Russian Embassy in Washing- ton, D. C. publishes a bi-monthly propaganda magazine known as "USSR Information Bulletin." How and where it is distributed, this journal is unable to say, but somehow or other The Carpenter seems to have landed on the free list. It is a slick paper job with plenty of pictures. Month in and month out it extols the "glories" of life under the Soviet system with a stupidity and heavy-handedness that must make every American newspaper- man who reads it shudder. The greatest lack of the magazine is imagination. Imagination comes from free thinking and where there is no free thinking there can be no imagination. In the same humorless, unimaginative, stilted style, one article after another pontificates in meaningless statistics about the great "progress" which Russia is making. In Russia, where thinking has been controlled for decades, such propaganda may be effective, but in Amer- ica where people are accustomed to thinking for themselves it is simply stupid. As an example, take an article
which appeared in the September 8th issue. With a straight face and with- out the hint of a journalistic smile it tells how Russia singlehandedly licked Japan in World War II. Realizing that no American would be gullible enough to believe that propaganda could be that stupid, we are herewith
reprinting part of the article: <■ * * *
FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF VIC- TORY OVER JAPAN
By B. Karpovich
On September 2, 1945, imperialist Japan, the ally of Hitler Germany, signed the act of unconditional sur- render. The Soviet Union played the decisive role in this historic victory; it exerted tremendous efforts in order to rout the fascist aggressors and se- cure peace throughout the world.
It is known that the actions of the alHes in the Pacific for a number of years were limited to naval battles and landing operations on the islands, and the tempo of these operations was not too high at that. The Allied
Powers planned to land troops on the Japanese islands only in the autumn of 1945 or spring of 1946. According to this plan military operations against the Japanese armies on the vast ter- ritory of China, including Manchuria, were to be postponed to the summer and Autumn of 1946. It was quite obvious that victory could not be at- tained over Japan without routing her on land.
True to its obligations as an ally and desirous of cutting the time of the war, reducing the number of casual- ties and facilitating the speedy re- storation of general peace, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan. The Soviet Government considered there- by that this policy would also give the Japanese people the opportunity to rid themselves of the horror and destruction experienced by Germany after it had refused to surrender un- conditionally.
On August 9, 1945, the Soviet Far Eastern troops, under the command of Marshal Vasilievsky, now Minister
THE CARPENTER
19
of the Armed Forces of the USSR, launched miHtary operations against the Japanese Kwantung Army. These operations, begun on a truly gigantic scale, developed along the enormous front of more than 4,000 kilometers in length. The Soviet troops advanced simultaneously in three directions: in the West, from the Baikal; in the North, from the area of Khabarovsk; and in the East, from Primorye. Large masses of troops, thousands of Soviet guns of various calibers, and thou- sands of Soviet tanks and planes were put into action. The operations of the Soviet troops developed according to a single, carefully elaborated, har- monious plan.
The most characteristic feature of all these operations was speed. The Soviet Far Eastern troops fulfilled the task set them by Generalissimo Stalin in some two weeks. The impetuous blows delivered by the three fronts (army groupings) on a tremendous area and under the most complicated geographical conditions literally wiped out the defenses of the Japan- ese troops in Manchuria and Korea. After desperate but unsuccessful coun- ter attacks, the Kwantung Army was forced to give up resistance; it laid down arms and surrendered to the Soviet troops.
It is difficult to overestimate the sig- nificance of this victory. The picked divisions of the Japanese imperial army, which had for years been train- ing for war against the Soviet Union, supported by 17 strongly fortified are- as, were put out of action. Imperialist Japan found itself without the Kwan- tung Army which constituted its chief striking force and last reserve, and without the Manchurian industrial base which constituted the lion's share of its war-industrial potential. Japan had received such a tremendous blow that she was no longer able to recover. The Soviet Union's entry into the war
against Japan, the rapid off"ensive of the Soviet Army units, and the rout of the major forces of the Japanese
Army forced Japan to surrender.
» « «
Stupidity always Loses
One can only assume that the pur- pose of the magazine is to influence American thinking in favor of the USSR. If this is so, could anything be more stupid than telling Americans who had some twelve or thirteen mil- lion men under arms all over the world for better than four years that their efforts meant little in achieving victory over Japan? All the men who sweated out the bitter campaigns from Guadalcanal to Okinawa must like to read that they played only a secon- dary part in the war. The untold thou- sands of mothers and fathers who gave up sons for the cause of victory must appreciate being told Russia won the war singlehandedly. And the millions upon millions of workers who turned out war materials in endless quanti- ties (eleven billion dollars worth of which went to Russia) must dance with joy when they see the announce- ment that Russia considers herself the sole victor over the Japanese.
Compare this heavy-handed prop- aganda with the deft, persuasive propaganda American public relations firms turn out, and the difference be- tween Russia and America becomes apparent at once. In America there is imagination and originality even in propaganda; in Russia there is little save a dogged effort to conform with a rigid line that is dictated from tlie top. Therein He the seeds of com- munism's eventual demise. Human beings cannot be herded like swine in their thinking for any length of time.
And just to keep the record straight, Russia fought Japan for exactly five days. The Russian armies began mov- ing on August 9th. On Aiigust 14th, the Japanese armies laid down their arms at the behest of the Emperor,
20 THECARPENTER
although formal surrender was not war, Hiroshima and Nagasaki had signed until September 2nd. When been wiped off the map by the atom the war began, Japan had the second bombs and three quarters of the en- greatest fleet in the world. By August, tire Japanese land army had been 1945, it was practically all at the bot- killed, captured, or harmlessly isolat- tom of the ocean, thanks to American ed on by-passed Pacific Islands, Five gunnery and bombing. The Japanese hundred years from now the history air force was also the second might- books will still be praising the brilli- iest at the time of Pearl Harbor, but ant and original island-hopping strat- by August, 1945, it had been reduced egy of the United States and her Eng- to a few suicide planes. By the time lish-speaking allies as the greatest the Russians entered the Japanese military campaign of all history.
Full Mobilization Could Lift Nation's Work Force to 70,000,000
The Nation's total labor force, which includes all men in the Armed Forces as well as all men and women who are working or seeking work, can be expanded to about 70,000,000 if the need arises.
This was the conclusion reached by the Labor Department's Bureau of Employment Security after a careful survey of the potentialities of our total manpower supply.
Using April 1950 as a base month, the Bureau said the total labor force on that date could be increased by 5,600,000 to a total of 69,100,000. This would be accomplished through recruitment of workers from the ranks of housewives, older workers, physically handicapped men and women and other workers who are not now working or seeking employment.
The Bureau said the survey showed that while the Nation has ample supplies of manpower to man defense plants and military establishments and provide for moving the strength of the Armed Forces to the current goal of 3,000,000, man power shortages would develop in the event the country had to mobilize its manpower according to the pattern of World War II.
On the question of whether the Nation has the manpower to meet de- mands arising from the defense program, the Bureau said the necessary men and women for the Armed Forces expansion and defense production can be found among the millions of persons who are now employed, the unemployed, and from potential \vorkers now outside the labor force. But while manpower is available, the Bureau said the task of getting the right men and women into the right places would be difficult and complicated. "The Nation's man- power potential, in case of war or other emergency, can be increased in several days," the survey said. "It can be increased by drawing on the un- employed; by recruiting people not now in the labor force from their homes and schools and by increasing the number of hours worked per week." In addition the labor force can produce a vastly expanded volume of war goods by using tlie skills of workers in industries converted directly to wartime products and transferring workers from curtailed civilian production to essen- tial production. Still another step to be taken is better utilization of persons in war work.
21
Unions Got The Book
By J. C. RICH, Editor, The Hat Worker
•
DESPITE considerable evidence to the contrary, the fact remains that the world does move. What's more important, ideas move and peo- ple progress by virtue of these ideas. Otherwise we would still be living in servitude to kings, lords and masters; otherwise we might still be living under sweatshop conditions in dread of the whim of boss and straw boss. As did 'the Philadelphia cordwainers, for instance.
Let the historians and the lawyer people tell you about celebrated cord- wainers. Their case marks a milestone in the journey of the American people from the concept of master and servant to that of full equality in society. There was a time when society, as — -
then organized, considered it vicious and illegal for American citizens to demand a raise in wages. The courts as then constituted imposed fines and jail penalties for the offense. That, at least, was what a judge in the Com- monwealth of Pennsylvania did to a group of stiiking cordwainers. He imposed a fine on them and directed that they be jailed until they paid the fine for the crime of demanding the same wages as fellow craftsmen ob- tained in Baltimore and New York.
The story of the Philadelphia cord- wainers has been told many times, but rarely as effectively and with such insight as in the book, "Unions Be- fore the Bar," by Elias Lieberman. The book was published in the Spring of this year by Harper & Brothers and seems destined to become one of the classic works on labor history. Don't let that "classic" tag frighten you, howe^'er. The book is as read- able as any novel and is certainly more meaty and mind-nourishing than most works of fiction.
As a philological aside, cordwain- ers had nothing to do with cords or
cordage, of course. They worked with leather and they were the shoemakers and bootmakers of that day. The fine leather of those times, the kinds that were used for the uppers in shoes and boots, came from Spain, and the tiad- ing center for good leathers was the Spanish city of Cordoba. Therefore, cordovan leather; therefore, cordwain- ers. Similarly many of our members are milliners because originally the best source for ribbons and feathers for ladies' hats was the Italian cit\^ Milan. In much the same way all the hand- woven straw hat bodies that come from Central America are call- ed Panamas, although they ma\- have seen Panama only in transit, packed in a bale for the export trade.
This review couldn't possibly tell you the story of that early attempt to suppress trade unions and keep the "lower class" in their place as well as Elias Lieberman's book. Briefly, what happened with the cordwainers of Philadelphia in 1805 was that they pulled a strike— they called it a "turn- out" in those da)s— for a slight in- crease in pay. The master bootmak-
22
THE CARPENTER
ers refused the raise and organized to break the union. They did it not by a straight-out contest in economic strength, but with the aid of the law and the courts of the time. Eight of the strikers were indicted on the charge of "conspiracy" and were sued under no law of Pennsylvania or the Federal Go\'emment but under what is called English Common Law. The indictment stated among other things that the defendants did conspire "un- justly to exact great sums of money for their work and labour to the dam- age, injury and prejudice of the mas- ters employing them. . . ."
A dreadful crime, without doubt. However, there was no American law which forbade citizens to join one another in a societ)^ to improve their conditions. The English Common law was pulled in by the short hair and, what's more, would not have applied even in England to the question in dispute. Nevertheless, the strikers were found guilt}' and penalized for the ofFense of joining a union and de- manding higher wages from their em- ployers. The arguments presented by the prosecution 145 years ago were ver}' much the same arguments ped- dled by Pegler and his like in this da\' and a'ge. The judge in the cord- wainers case said: "Are we to have besides our state legislature a new legislature consisting of journeymen shoemakers? The laws of tlie journey- men leave no individual at libert\' to join the societ}' (the union) or reject it. They are not the laws of Penn- sylvania." Pegler might have said: "The unioneers want to establish a super-go\"emment of their own. They dragoon the faceless slaves into tlieir sla^•e camps, called unions, and exact tribute from them against their
will. . . r
The difference betsveen the two Peglers, 145 years apart, is that while
the first had the misht of g;overnment
behind him to impose his vile notions on the working citizenry, the second can only yap at the heels of working people and raise a baying and a tumult for a Taft-Hartley law.
The progress of the United States of America from the concept of master and servant to that of equals in soc- iety' for all citizenry is recounted by a series of key court procedures against the unions of various stages of our national development. Elias Lieber- man's "Unions Before the Bar" spot- lights these legal proceedings with the understanding of a labor man and the insight of one with profound res- pect for the philosophy of law. Lie- berman is, of course, one of the out- standing labor la\v}'ers of our time. He began his career as a worker in a dress shop, was a volunteer in the great strikes which established the needle trade unions of America, was a union official for a time, studied law and became one of its most thought- ful and resourceful practitioners. All this accumulated knowledge, experi- ence and philosophy of life is brought to bear in the presentation of the main argument of the book, the growth of the nation in terms of economic and human welfare from the days of severe restrictions on la- bor to the days of relative freedom. The corrollar)' argument is, of course that the courts interpreted the law op- pressively or liberally in accordance with the changing sentiment of the communit}' and the relative strength of the unions and tlie organized work- ing people.
The cases chosen by Lieberman for his book are those familiar to every law student. They are the core of every textbook on labor law. The great virtue of Lieberman's book is that it remo\'es the shell of legalistic sophistry from the various proceed- ings and gives us the meat of their human and social significance. That
THE CARPENTER
23
is why the layman can derive even more nourishment from the book than the lawyer, although many a profes- sional could well give better tone to his legal muscles if he digested this work. It wouldn't hurt lawyers one bit if they learned to understand what unions are all about and how they helped advance the welfare of our nation.
Inevitably the hatters come in for their share of attention in "Unions Before the Bar," The Danbury Hat- ters Case is one of the highlights in our industrial history and Elias Lie- berman devotes a full chapter of dis- course and comment to it. Here was a perfect example of the perversion of the law to accommodate the hostile prejudices against labor held by in- fluential segments of society. Our Danbury Hatters were prosecuted un- der the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, a law intended to curb business monop- olies and never meant to apply to labor at all. It required considerable jurisdical strain for the courts to stretch this law to cover labor. Not only did the courts stretch the law but they applied it with different measures of justice to the defendants before the bar. They had one stand- ard of justice for business, which was supposed to be disciplined by the Sherman Act and another for labor which was not supposed to be subject to its disciplines.
Thus in the case of such a business combine as the American Tobacco Company or the Standard Oil Com- pany of New Jersey, the Supreme Court found them to be in restraint of trade and therefore, subject to penalties under the Sherman Act. i However, the Rule of Reason was to be applied, the Court stated, and only "undue" or "unreasonable" restraints were to be forbidden. The trusts, then, got away with a mere slap on the wrist while the hatters, whose
strike was certainly not an undue or unreasonable restraint of trade, had the book thrown at them. Similarly the Supreme Court ruled in a later case that price fixing was not in re- straint of trade if the companies en- gaged in jacking up the price did not include all the firms in the business. In such a case there would be only partial restraint of trade, the court said, and partial restraint was not subject to the Sherman Act, the Su- preme Court ruled. However, the union hatters of Danbury who cer- tainly did not include all hatters were penalized even for a minor restraint of trade.
This atrocious perversion of justice brought about the Clayton Act which specifically excluded trade unions from the operations of the anti-trust laws. Did this stop the courts from is- suing injunctions against unions on the pretense that they violated the anti-trust laws? Not at all! By a deft bit of pettyfogging they were able to evade the Clayton Act. It was not un- til the Norris-LaGuardia Act was passed that the oppressive rule of the courts by injunction law was curbed and democratic legislative law was given its head. Even then it was only after the NRA and the Wagner Act came into being that unions finally won their place in the sun and their accredited acceptance in society.
All this is related in telling and thought-provoking detail in Elias Lieberman's "Unions Before the Bar." He concludes the book with a study of the Taft-Hartley Act which he en- titles "With Malice Toward Labor." No more malicious throw-back to the days of the Philadelphia cordwainers could be imagined than the piece of legislation fabricated by Messrs. Taft and Hartley. If this sort of legisla- tion is permitted to stand, the prog- ress of a century and a half will be largely vitiated.
Editorial
More Important Than Life Itself
All indications are that the Korean situation will be well in hand by the time this journal reaches print. For a quick and decisive victor^' in Korea, we will all be thankful. However, the end of hostilities in Korea will not mean an end to the ominous danger which threatens the free world. Korea was but a feeler put out by the Kremlin octupus to test the strength and de- termination of the free world. That we gave our answer with a display of military might few men deemed possible on such short notice is a strong factor for lasting peace, since force is the only language which those who rely on force for retention of their powers can understand. Our unequivocal answer of force with force in Korea may be enough to discourage communist aggression in other parts of the world. But no one can be sure. We dare not take another chance.
Those who are at the helm of our government are determined that we shall never again be caught with our military' plants down. The greatest peace-time military mobilization in human histor}' is now under way. It will call millions of young men into the armed services. It will take thousands upon thousands of factories out of civilian production and put them into military production. It will raise taxes to heights undreamed of even in the bleakest days of World War II. But if all these sacrifices can stop the in- siduous advance of communism and preserve for ourselves and our children and our children's children a way of life in which freedom, equality and justice remain inviolate, the price will be small indeed. In his opening re- marks to the recent Twenty-sixth General Convention, General President William L. Hutcheson epitomized the situation in the following words:
"Whatever lies ahead, each of us will be called upon to make extraor- dinary sacrifices for some time to come. We must be prepared to make them, for in a world shot through with totalitarianism and force, America will stand out as a beacon of hope for oppressed peoples throughout the universe, the same at it has for the last 175 years. Nowhere can I find greater inspiration than in the immortal words of Samuel Gompers who, in a Labor Day ad- dress in 1918, said:
'It is a very serious thing to ask men to give their lives for the determina- tion of a cause. But the ideal at stake is more than life— it is that which makes life worth living.
'We are winning the war for freedom— let us hold steady until the war is won.'
"We in the labor movement, many years ago, recognized communism for the intolerable slavery which it really is. In our own democratic way we met the menace and defeated it. We must now give to all who care to listen the benefit of our experience so that a similar housecleaning can be ejected on a world-wide scale.
THE CARPENTER 25
"Free men in a free nation, we have won for ourselves and our children an undreamed of prosperity and security. These things we intend to hold. If the years ahead demand sacrifice, we should he ready to do whatever is necessary to bring that about. If they demand self -discipline, we shoidd be prepared to discipline ourselves. For seventy years our Brotherhood has battled unendingly for a good, secure and free life for all. In the years to come we will still he found fighting for the same principles."
Those are words all of us must live by. No sacrifice is too great if it pre- serves a way of life in which human dignity and human integrity remain the cornerstones of all governmental processes. From time to time this journal has cast a critical eye at the monopolists, the profiteers and the bureaucrats. It has pointed up the injustices and inequalities that occasionally still creep into our economic system. But for all that, it has never believed anything but that the way of life we have developed in America is as close to per- fection as human nature can get. The very fact that a small labor journal can lift its voice against the wealthy, the powerful and the entrenched with- out fear of reprisals or pogroms constitutes a principle worth fighting for if necessary. In few other places in the world is such independence permitted.
Therein lies the major difference between democracy and totalitarianism. In our version of democracy each citizen is free to lift his voice against the things he considers ills. He is free to go where he pleases, work where he pleases and how he pleases, and best of all, to live as he pleases. In a total- itarian state— regardless of whether it is called communism, or fascism or something else— he is told where he can go, how and where he can work, and how he can live. It is as simple as this. In our democracy, each man determines for himself how he is going to live his life. In a totalitarian state he is told how he is going to live. If he disagrees, he faces prosecution as an "enemy" of the state. That the state is supposedly "the people" makes the compulsion no more palatable; the state is still the master and the individual the slave.
For a few years or even a few decades, life may be hard under the ur- gency of making America impregnable. But to the average citizen, life under totalitarianism would not even be worth the living. It could not be otherwise, for America (and by America we mean Canada as well as the United States) was built and populated by people who chaffed under the Old World tyran- nies and class distinctions. To avoid them they schemed and scrimped and sacrificed until they could escape to America. Here they found what they were looking for; an opportunity to plan their own lives and to live them ac- cording to their own concepts.
Millions upon millions of words have been written about the material advantages of our way of life. Basically they are all true. We do have more automobiles and bathtubs and refrigerators than any other people on earth. But we also have something infinitely more important— the right to call our souls our own.
Not all Americans become wealthy or even well-to-do. But all do have an opportunity to go as far and as fast as their individual ambitions and abilities will carry them. If our grandfathers did not find Indiana to their liking, they were free to move to Missouri or Oklahoma or California and try again. In our time, i£ a man does not like being a plumber, he can try being a grocer
26 THE CARPENTER
or a vetemarian or a farmer. There are no artificial barriers of class distinc- tion or state-inspired rules to stand in his way. If he wants to send his chil- dren to college or buy a house or invest in a car, he is free to do so if he thinks he can swing the matters. Nobody guarantees him any of these things; but he is guaranteed the right to indulge in them if his own efforts can produce them. This is the important thing. Those things a man produces for himself he enjoys and takes pride in. A man who buys himself a cottage keeps it painted and the lawn trimmed because it is his own. Although he owns the city hall in the same sense that people "own" things in a totalitarian nation, he never bothers doing any painting or lawn trimming around the city hall.
Although it is by far the most vicious and ruthless, communism is not the first Old World philosophy to threaten the liberty, security and personal freedom that sets America apart from the rest of the world. In fact, there has never been a time in American history when Old World ideas, based on class distinctions, monopoly control of industry, and special privileged groups, have not battered away at our new concepts of equality and freedom. It was the evils heaped on the colonies by English monopolists which led to the revolution in 1776. Whether in France or England or Germany or Spain, the trend always has been toward a controlled economy wherein the production and distribution of wealth, the control of jobs and wages, and the operation of manufacturing, commerce and industry rested in a few special hands. In these nations it was economic control through monopolies. In Russia it is political control through force and the police state. Both systems are far removed from our ideas and ideals which hold that all citi- zens are created equal and entitled to equal opportunity in a free society. In his thought-provoking pamphlet "Monopoly or Freedom", George F. Meri- deth states the case as follows:
"The New World represented an economy of abundance, increased pro- duction, efficiency, and large turnover at competitive prices. The Old World was the symbol of predetermined scarcity, regulated production, inefficiency, and low turnover at controlled high prices. The New World believed that a workers pay should be in proportion to his productivity, while the Old World held to the policy that the reward of labor should be held to an absolute minimum."
To preserve our way of life may take many sacrifices. Living standards may deteriorate and taxes may eliminate luxuries, but no cost can be con- sidered too high for preserving the principles and freedoms upon which we lean so heavily. As Sam Gompers put it, the thing we are fighting for is more important than life itself— it is that which makes life worth the living. We must never lose sight of that fact whatever the future may hold.
First We Must Know What The Problem Is
A comprehensive study of the whole range of old-age pensions— including private pension plans, business and industrial pensions, government social security and veterans pensions— is to be undertaken shortly by the Twentieth Century Fund. That such a study is long overdue is denied by no one. In the rapid growth of the machine age the problems of older workers have been all but overlooked. Yet the machine age has greatly increased the problems
THE CARPENTER 27
of the aged. It is time that the nation got a clear and concise picture of the overall problem— a prime necessity before intelligent remedial steps can be taken.
Preliminary tabulations of the 1950 census indicate that there are now close to twelve million men and women in the nation over the age of sixty- five. This is a good deal above pre-census estimates and, percentagewise, considerably above figures of previous census findings. The plain facts of the case are that more people are now reaching old age. At the same time, the high productivity demands of the machine age are shrinking job opportunities for older workers. Only four men out of ten above the age of sixty-five are now working. For woman, the figure is less than one out of ten. Of the twelve million aged, it is estimated that roughly half are all but destitute and therefore dependent upon public assistance, relatives or charitable gifts for subsistence. In a nation as enlightened as ours, such figures are alarming.
The new, liberalized social security bill is a first step in solving the problem of our aged. However, by no stretch of the imagination can it be considered a cure-all. The increased benefits in the new measure do little more than catch up with the inflationary spiral which has shot prices upward alarmingly in the past ten years. The problem of a comprehensive, workable program for taking care of senior citizens is still as pressing as ever.
The ramifications to the senior citizen problem are myriad. In the first place, what is a definition of an aged citizen? Some men are spry and capable at seventy-five and others are old at sixty. Setting up an arbitrary age limit— whether it be sixty-five or any other figure— and calling people reaching that limit old, is silly. People should be judged according to their capacities rather than according to the number of birthdays they have seen. Second, if humanly possible, job opportunities should be provided for all people for as long as they desire to work. Age may slow up muscles but it seldom affects brain power and know-how until dotage sets in. The happy man is the man who can keep working as long as he is inclined to. Third, people must be encour- aged to provide their own security by systematic saving in their active work- ing years. There is no security comparable to that which a person makes for himself through industry, thrift and temperate living. Fourth, the cost of pro- viding security for our aged must be kept within the bounds of the ability of the working force to pay.
Before any long range planning can be undertaken, a clear picture of the whole situation must be prepared. It is sincerely to be hoped that the survey being undertaken by Twentieth Century Fund will meet this need adequately. Once all the facts are known, remedial measures can probably be worked out. In the meantime, every citizen ought constantly to bear in mind that old age is a personal problem with him. Depending on any means other than personal thrift and wise planning for security in old age is illusionary and dangerous. What a man acquires and sets aside by his own efforts, no one can take away from him. What politicans and pension programs promise him can vanish unexpectedly and oftentimes tragically. Self-reliance is still the surest bet for abiding security.
•
The Loopholes Should Be Plugged The problem of what chemicals should be permissable for use in the man- ufacture of processed foods, and how such foods should be labeled, has long
28 THE CARPENTER
held the interest of the House Select Committee to Investigate the Use of Chemicals in Food Products. Off and on the committee has been holding hearings for many, many months. All indications are that many more hearings will be held before any recommendations are forthcoming.
Recently a nutrition expert who spent all his working years to date in- vestigating processed foods and their effects on human health testified be- fore the committee and made some startling disclosures. For one thing, the food expert. Dr. Clive M. McCay, Cornell University professor, disclosed that many cola drinks extensively distributed today are powerful enough to erode the Capitol steps. He told of tests made at the Naval Research In- stitute wherein "the molar teeth of rats are dissolved down to the gum line if rats are well fed but given nothing to drink except cola beverage for a period of six months." He also told of experiments with extracted human teeth in which the enamel wore off completely after prolonged immersion in cola drinks. The phosphoric acid in the drinks brings about these unhealthy results. Dr. McCay indicated.
Loopholes in the present Pure Food and Drug Act which many nu- tritionists and food experts want plugged are the ones which permit packers to use untested chemicals in their products and ones which keep the public generally ignorant as to what is contained in the foods they are swallowing. Bread, on which he spent many years of research, is a good example of the way in which chemicals are used to make a cheaper product appear like a better one, according to Dr. McCay.
Dr. McCay told how "in England more than a century ago, when wheat crossing the Atlantic often moulded, it was common practice to mill this wheat and then treat it with alum or copper sulfate to make a flour that resembled that from sound \vheat. In those days flour was commonly di- luted with white, ground gypsum which the chemist knows as calcium sul- fate. Today we still allow alum as a conditioner for flour and most of us probably ate some ground calcium sulfate in our breakfast toast or roll. This latter was probably used by your baker under the name of yeast food and as a carrier for bromates which helped the baker get a larger loaf volume."
The Cornell food expert wants not only the list of ingredients printed on the food container, but also he wants the amounts of each given. "We don't want a pinch of milk," he said, "we want six per cent." The inferior bread now being sold hurts working people most, he pointed out, because working people use most of it because of its cheapness. Furthermore, he sees no excuse for the rising cost of bread since "the triple-enriched bread being used in New York state mental hospitals and schools costs only one-half cent more than the worst bread to make."
Food processors and the chemical firms which sell them millions of dol- lars worth of chemicals yearly are opposed to any changes in the present law. Dr. McCay and a host of other experts think the Act should be amend- ed so that people can tell exactly what they are eating. From where we sit, it appears Dr. McCay is on solid ground. Human health is too precious to entrust to the hands of food processors whose foremost motive is to make a profit. If they are half as proud of their products as they claim to be in their advertisements, they should be willing to list not only the ingredients, but also the quantities on the containers.
Official Information
General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS
of AMERICA
Qbnbbal Office : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General President
WM. L. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
FiBST General Vice-President
M. A. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Acting Sbcretabt
ALBERT B. FISCHER
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Second General Vice-President
JOHN R. STEVENSON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Genebal Treasttber
S. P. MEADOWS
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Executive Boabd
First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, JR. Ill B. 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y.
Fifth District, R. E. ROBERTS 3819 Cuming St., Omaha, Nebr.
Second District, O. WM. BLAIBR 933 B. Magee, Philadelphia 11, Pa.
Sixth District, A. W. MUIR Box 1168, Santa Barbara, Calif.
Third District, HARRY SCHWARZER 1248 Walnut Ave., Cleveland, O.
Seventh District
Fourth District. ROLAND ADAMS 712 West Palmetto St., Florence, S. C.
WM. L. HUTCHESON, Chairman ALBERT E. FISCHER, Acting Secretary
All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the Acting Secretary
Report of the Delegate to the Sixty-fifth Annual Convention of the Trades and Labor Congress of Canada
Mr. Wm. L. Hutcheson, General President. Dear Sir and Brother:
As delegate to the 65th Annual Convention of the Trades and Labor Congress of Can- ada, I submit tlie following report:
The Convention was held in the City of Montreal, Quebec from tlie lltli day to the 16th day of September, 1950. Six hundred and seventy-nine delegates were seated. After the invocation the Mayor welcomed the delegates to Montreal.
President Percy Bengough opened the Convention in a short summary of activities and progress of the Executive Council in the past year.
The Honorable Milton F. Gregg VC, Federal Minister of Labor, addressed the Conven- tion.
The Chairman of the Resolution Committee reported some 214 resolutions dealing with such matters as affiliations, apprenticeship, bill of rights, cost of Uving and price control, education, foreign trade, health and safety, hoUdays, hours and conditions of employment, housing, immigration, income tax, international affairs, legislation, national disaster, peace and the atom bomb, pensions, pubhc works, racial discrimination, social security, imem- ployment insurance and Workmen's Compensation.
Various other committees reported and the Convention gave due consideration to tlieir reports.
30 THE CARPENTER
The Chairman of the Manitoba Flood ReHef Fund gave a very vivid picture of the work his committee accomphshed and he indicated that the trade unions had subscribed some $750,000.00. Special mention vv^as made to the $50,000.00 donated by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America. The Chairman of the aforementioned brought the vi'holehearted thanks of the people of Manitoba to the convention.
Fraternal Delegate was elected to the British Trade Union Congress, also a Fraternal Delegate was elected to the American Federation of Labor Convention,
The following ojfficers were elected for the ensuing term:
President P. R. Bengough
Secretary-Treasurer, G. G. Cushing
Vice-President for Maritimes J. A. Whitebone
Vice-President for Quebec C. Jodoin
Vice-President for Ontario W. Jenoves
Vice-President for Prairie Provinces C. A. Berg
Vice-President for British Columbia B. Showier
Fraternal greetings were extended from the American Federation of Labor, as well as from the British Trade Union Congress.
Several changes were submitted to the Convention, amending sections of the Constitu- and Laws of the Canadian Trades and Labor Congress and the adopted sections to be amended are as follows:
That Section 5, Article V be amended to read as follows:
"Section 5— No organization or person which has seceded from the Congress, or which has been suspended by the Executive Council, or which has been expelled by the Congress, or which has been suspended by or expelled from an International or National Union, or any other body affiliated to or chartered by this Congress, who while under such penalty, shall be allowed representation, hold office or have recog- nition in this Congress or in any Trades and Labor Council, Joint Council, or Fed- eration of Labor chartered by this Congress under penalty of the suspension of the organization violating this provision of the Constitution.
"No organization officered or controlled by Communists or members of the Labor Progressive Party, or any person espousing Communism or advocating the violent overthrow of our institutions shall be allowed representation or recognition in this Congress or any organization chartered by it."
That the second paragraph of Section 6 of Article V be amended to read as follows: "Section 3— All delegates must be members of an affiliated organization for at lea^t twelve months prior to and at the time of election. This shall not apply to bodies organized or affiliated to this Congress less than twelve months. All dele- gates representing a Trades and Labor Council or Federation of Labor must be members of a local union affiliated with the Trades and Labor Congress of Canada."
As mentioned preWously, President Percy Bengough, who officially opened the Conven- tion, made particular mention as to an anti-Communist policy of the Canadian Trades and Labor Congress and which policy was adopted by the 65th Annual Convention.
Gordon Cushing, General Secretary-Treasurer gave a detailed report of the financial statement, as well as a report indicating that the Congress is composed of 2,704 Local Unions in all parts of Canada, 60 Trades and Labor Councils and 5 Provincial Federations of Labor. The 2,704 Local Unions as per the report of membership of June 30th, which is the fiscal year end, totalled 497,418 members.
Likewise, the report of the Secretary-Treasurer shows 70 International Unions; 5 Na- tional Unions and 10 Provincial Organizations. It was also reported that during the year 35 Local Unions were chartered by the Congress.
In conclusion my report by no means covers every detail of the said Convention, but highlights tlie important matters.
I considered it a privilege to represent the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Join- i ers of America at the 65th Annual Convention of tlie Canadian Trades and Labor Congress.
With best wishes, I remain
Fraternally yours, s/W. L. KNIGHT.
^n 0iietntfrtHtn
Not lost to those that love them, Not dead, just gone before;
They still live in our memory, And will forever more.
The Editor has been requested to publish the names of the following Brothers who have passed away.
JAMES ADAMSON, L. U. 237S, Wilmington, Cal.
WILLIAM ARBER, L. U. 440, Buffalo, N. Y.
CHARLES BALL, L. U. 16, Springfield, 111.
W. H. BOWYER, L. U. 1207, Charleston, W.
Va. W. A. BROWN, L. U. 1207, Charleston, W.
Va. L. S. BRUNNER, L. U. 2288, Los Angeles, Cal. BENJAMIN A. BURGESS, L. U. 30. New Lon- don, Conn. C. B. DAVID, L. U. 2119, St. Louis, Mo. REGINALD DILLINGHAM, L. U. 601, Hender-
son, Ky. JOHN C. DOUGLAS, L. U. 226, Portland, Ore. F. J. DYE, L. U. 225, Atlanta, Ga. ROBERT F. EDWARDS, L. U. 225, Atlanta, Ga. CARL ERICKSON, L. U. 184, Salt Lake City,
Utah. R. A. FARMER, L. U. 2375, Wilmington, Calif. J. E. FISHER, L. U. 226, Portland, Ore. LEE FOLSOM, L. U. 2375, Wilmington, Calif. W. C. FOWLER, L. U. 225, Atlanta, Ga. H. P. FRIDAY, L. U. 2261, Ft. Myers, Fla. LONNIE G. GARNER, L. U. 817, Bessemer, Ala. JOHN C. GONCALVES, L. U. 301, Newburgh,
N. Y. ARTHUR L. GRAY, L. U. 226, Portland, Ore. RICHARD HAGLUND, L. U. 2065, Iron Moun-
tain, Mich. MICHAEL HARKISS, L. U. 2288, Los Angeles,
Calif.
WILLIAM ELI HAYNES, L. U. 1469, Charlotte,
N. C. |( G. B. HENDRICKS, L. U. 1207, Charleston, W.
Va. OSCAR HODGSON, L.U. 16, Springfield, 111. JOHN HOFFMAN, Sr., L. U. 246, New York,
N. Y. FRITZ B. HOLMQUIST, L. U. 1606, Omaha,
Nebr. JOHN HUBERT, L. U. 2119, St. Louis. Mo. FORREST L. JOHNSON, L. U. 109. Sheffield,
Ala. BEN B. JONES, L. U. 225, Atlanta, Ga. FREDERICK LEROY KENT, L. U. 30, New
London, Conn. AXEL KNUDSEN, L. U. 787, Brooklyn, N. Y. GEORGE KROETTCH, L. U. 322, Niagara Falls,
N. Y.
EUZEBE LAMONTAGNE, L. U. 801, Woon-
socket, R. I. CHAS. LANDECK, L. U. 2288, Los Angeles,
Cal. JOHN ODA LAXSON, Sr., L. U. 109, Sheffield,
Ala. CARL L. LOCKWOOD, L. U. 225, Atlanta, Ga. PETE LOUTENSOCK, L. U. 184, Salt Lake City,
Utah MATTHEW J. LYMAN, L. U. 79, New Haven,
Conn. ALEXANDER McADAMS, L, U. 829, Santa
Cruz, Calif. F. E. MABRY, L. U. 109, Sheffield, Ala. JOSEPH L. MARTIN, L. U. 1207, Charleston,
W. Va. HERMAN S. MILLER, L. U. 225, Atlanta, Ga. E. G. MOORE, L. U. 1822, Ft. Worth, Texas IRA MOORE, L. U. 2119. St. Louis. Mo. SAM MORROW. L. U. 1673. Morganton. N. C. GEZA NOGA, L. U. 337, Detroit, Mich. Y. NORDLOF, L. U. 226, Portland, Ore. JOSEPH ONG, L. U. 1207, Charleston, W. Va. JULIUS PERZENTKA, L. U. 1367, Chicago,
in.
GEORGE PETZING, L. U. 440, Buffalo. N. Y.
HARRY POLLARD, L. U. 226, Portland, Ore.
GROVER PULLIAM. L. U. 2375, Wilmington, Calif.
OTIS L. ROMANS. L. U. 948. Sioux City, la.
OTTO ROMO, L. U. 2065, Iron Mountain, Mich.
WALTER RUCKER, L. U. 226, Portland, Ore.
ANTHONY RYDLEWSKI, L. U. 2375, Wilming- ton, Calif.
B. C. SMITH, L. U. 1098, Baton Rouge. La.
HAROLD STAPLETON, L. U. 11, Cleveland, Ohio
ALEXANDER STEWART, L. U. 27, Toronto, Ont., Can.
JOHN H. STILL WELL, L. U. 4, Davenport, la.
GEORGE STONUM, L. U. 943, Tulsa, Okla.
HARRY B. STRAIGHT, L. U. 67, Boston, Mass.
ELMER B. TUPPER, L. U. 335, Grand Rapids, Mich.
THOMAS E. WATTS, L. U. 101, Baltimore, Md.
A. R. WEARING, L. U. 1822, Ft. Worth, Texas
W. E. WELLS, L. U. 225, Atlanta, Ga.
WM. YOUNG, L. U. 226, Portland, Ore.
THE LOCKER
By JOHN HART. Local Union 366, New York, N. Y.
BRICK BONDS-BRICK JOINTS-BRICK TYPES
A carpenter who wishes to know more about building construction than is covered by his own trade may find this article helpful. We don't claim it to be technically 100 per cent correct. It is compiled for those whose knowledge of brickwork is not extensive. It deals mainty as a matter of interest with brick bonds as shown in the wall. The real structural bond built into tlie wall is a subject for somebody more expert to write about.
FIG.
RUNN^G
FIG. 1 Except for the starter in alternate comrses this bond consists of all stretchers. It is used mainly on facing, veneer, or cavity walls. When used on the latter it is bonded with metal ties laid across the bed joints, one to about every 3 square feet. Some codes permit this bond in a bearing wall if metal ties are used.
-^^r''":.\^$'-\'^x'| t-\'^^^^-v| ^^■^^^^ -.v'^^'-'n'.'!
PVfr.X AMERlCAN.CMMnw»*>
FIG. 2 Many building codes call for the equivalent I to a full header course every 6 coiurses. This bond \ just complies with that law. It is made up of & courses of stretchers and 1 course of full headers, j The starter in the header course is a three-quarterj brick. This is about the only bond used in this sec- tion nowadays.
:mm^m:'^::W:m^
'^^--f: .' . ■ • ^^^
m^pU^VMV:: .'-^ifm
bi'iirmmy'/M^^^m^m^m^'
FI&3 COMMOMI-FLEM\SH
FIG. 3 When a code calls for 4 per cent of the wall !l surface to be full headers this bond is good enough, even if 6 courses of stretchers are used. The bonding coiurse is laid Flemish style, alternate stretchers and j headers. The starter in this course is always a three- I quarter brick. This is the common bond in many sections.
Fifr.A FLE.MISH
FIG. 4 This bond is easy to lay and can be made into many varied designs. It is made up of alternate stretchers and headers in each course. The starter in alternate courses is most often a three-quarter brick. This bond was used quite a lot in this section, but gave way in recent years to the American bond. You can guess why.
|
v'.-'-vr:'' v.v-^-.'-V; |
lUillilllH |
|
-y^^fy^mm.-^ |
lilllilltll |
|
K>^yHK-:^>r4-::;-:1lll|lli|||r-:-vr--v\;:::y| |
|
|
J-:^^^^:::Illlll)llll'r |
lilllDI 1 |
|
;;>:;:; :a.:^, , .;,-:■. - ::.r; ||iii)|ii|||:v- .^^.u; ,:..v,v:-^.;;| |
|
|
'^r-'ftiUdiHiiii^-. |
lUlilliill |
|
Hjiiih ■ • |
|
|
fios DOUBLE FLEMISH ' |
FIG. 5 The word double refers to the double stretch- er which is tlie feature of this bond. To give the effect of one long stretcher it should really be laid witli a blind joint. The joint is omitted in the draw- ing to show the idea. But a blind joint is apt to leak so the full cross joint is generally used.
jEL
±JL
J^^i
RG.fe ENGUSH
FIG. 6 This is the common bond in England. It consists of alternate courses of stretchers and headers. The second brick in the header course is a Queei. closer. This forms what is called an English comer. If a tliree-quarter brick is used to start, it is a Dutch corner. This looks three times stronger than our bond.
THE CARPENTER
33
FIG. 7 This is often called the English Cross bond. But the stretcher course starts with a three-quarter brick, so it is not laid English fashion, as shown in Fig. 6. The separate and distinct Cross pattern is formed by shifting the stretchers in alternate courses half a lap, and using a half-brick closer. Note, that unlike the English bond, all stretchers do not line up.
|
• 1 1 isve^ . 1 1 1 |
|
|
1 i-.-v:.r| 1 |
|
|
: 1 1 \^-::\ |
V^M^\ |
|
1 ;?^ 1 |
t^::>.k-^:A |
|
^^l .h It^l' |
^ T:y^ |
|
■-.;,r>-..K^iv^.f^?|-, ■: 1- : |
|
|
■ ..;I;>:'.|.-- Ik:.l V 1- 1 . |
|
|
v.,ul|l-. .1 ^r |
v^l- h |
Fio,7 DUTCH
FIG. 8 A garden wall is usually built 8 inches thick of cheap, common brick, 2 sides showing good. Cheap bricks vary in length so all headers must be picked for size. To save labor as few headers as possible are used. The three-stretcher bond shown is also called the Sussex bond. Two and four stretchers are often used also.
PW^.
^m
y-yy'--:\m^^^:^^xy^:<mm^>M>':-'
^::.v.ir^'ii(^
FvGft GARDEN WALL
FIG. 9 Also called Block bond. Used in panels and small dreds for decorative effect. FIG. 10 Used to build a curved wall vidth a short radius. Three-quarter starter breaks the joint.
|
~y~pHr^ |
\\ 1- ■ |
|
BBS |. J i^ |
|
|
\ 1 f. I |
|
|
^w 1 !•: 1 |
FtG.9 CH^CKERBOARO \O.RUMW\M(J He^O£R
FIG, 11 This type of hollow wall is called Ideal All-Rolok. We don't know why Rolok, except as it might be connected with rowlock, which, strictly speaking, is a row of bricks, and not a particular type. An 8 inch wall built with this bond has SV2 inch space between. Bricks are laid on edge.
1
mjmm^m
y/j i * ,"> iM - '
i
m
mm^
vviM ROLOK-HOaOW WALL
FIG. 12 FLUSH, mortar shced off with trowel. STRUCK and WEATHER, formed with trowel tip. CONCAVE and V, formed with jointer or job- made tool. RAKED, scraped out with a sort of router. STRIPPED, a strip is laid on edge of under course. Mortar is laid flush behind it. Strips taken out after mortar has set. TAPPED, mortar is struck off flush. Bricks are tapped to force out mortar shghtly.
FIG. 13 A STANDARD BRICK is 2y4x3%x8 inches. A jumbo brick is 2% inches thick. Five courses of jumbo equal 6 courses of standard, which is why tliey are so much used today. Closers are bricks cut to close the course. A QUEEN is a brick split along its face. A SOAP or split is a brick reduced to half its thickness, and is used to bring a cotxrse up to line. A KING closer is miter-clipped to show a 2 inch face. SOLDIERS are used ornamentally in various parts of a wall. ROWLOCK headers are seen in sills, arches, belt courses, and header courses. Any corner brick is a QUOIN. STRETCHERS lie lengdiwise along the wall, HEADERS crossvidse. A FLATTER is a brick set on its long edge often used in small designs. Half a brick or more, either broken or clipped, is a bat, also known as brickbat.
FLUSH STRUCK V/E^THtR CONCAXJt
RAKeO STR\PPE:D V TAPPt"L)
Fio.»i BR\CK JOIWTS
FULL BRKtC.QUE£l\i.S>OA'?. KmO
3/4Qv>omaRicK_
SOUO\ER.S"tRe.T<;.HtR.He/K0ER. FLATTER
n^,3 SRicKTYPES^ ^^.syo s-.yfo;;-),
CorrospondoncQ
This Jovimal is Not Responsible for Views Expressed by Correspondents.
BAKERSFIELp DEDICATES FINE NEW HOME
Labor Day evening, Sept. 4th, Local No. 743, Bakersfield, Cal., dedicated its new hall, bringing to a climax a dream of many years.
J. R. Copeland acted as master of ceremonies and introduced various County and City dignitaries. Edward Newton, Field Representative of the Apprenticeship Training Program and long a member of the Brotherhood, deHvered the principal address.
Frank West, an old timer himself, intro- duced a group of 18 old timers whose total membership totaled in excess of 700 years. This Hst included William Bestor, Jack Krough, George Hoendervoogt, E. E. Hohn, S. G. WiUiams, Bob McKayl, Tom Foley, Robt. Nelson, Ted Conarty, Frank West, Jack Richardson, Clyde Allen, E. E. Tolle and Wm. Bryan.
Mrs. Robert Pentzer -with a group from tlie Modern Dance Studio furnished entertainment, including songs, tap and modem danc- ing. The Kellog Trio, whose father is a member of 743, presented songs and instrumental numbers. Sandwiches and pimch were served by Ladies Auxiliary No. 232.
After the entertainment tlie auditorium was cleared of chairs and the orchestra of Brother Jo Guthrie took over and furnished music for tlie dance wliich carried on until after midnight.
•
LOCAL 543 JOINS GOLDEN CIRCLE
Recently Local Union No. 543, Mamaroneck, N. Y., celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of its founding with a dinner at Lawrence Inn on East Boston Post Road. Some 400 members, friends and guests were on hand to help tlie union take proper notice of its completion of fifty years of service to the carpenters of the community and to tlie com- munity itself. Following a fine dinner, many dignitaries from both within and without tlie labor movement paid high tribute to the great accomplishments of Local No. 543.
Featured speaker was Brother Charles Johnson, Jr., General Executive Board mem- ber, who not only congratulated tlie officers and members of tlie union for the great rec- ord which they have written into the history books of organized labor but also admonished tliem to keep eternally vigilant lest anti-labor legislation tear down everything that has been built up tlirough years of struggle.
Robert Bowker, president of the Carpenters' District Council, traced the growth of the local union to its present membership of 300. He also referred to the fact that car- penters are getting today as much for one hour's work as they got for one day 50 years ago.
John S. Sinclair expressed the best wishes of the Building and Construction Trades Council of which he is president.
Super\asor Owen A. Mandeville, who was introduced as a former member of Local Union 543, said that die organization "has done a great job, not only for yourselves but for your folks."
Mayor B. J. Santoro thanked the carpenters and joiners "for helping to make Mama- roneck tlie friendly village it is."
Louis R. Tolve, business agent, who served as toastmaster, paid tribute to Alfred Bull, only surviving charter member, who was warden when the local was organized with 16 members in 1900.
Guests at the speakers table were Village Manager Wilham H. Johnson, Judge Henry Homidge, Andiony PosiUipo, Port Chester trustee; John B, Holand, Mamaroneck trustee;
THE CARPENTER 35
H. Richmond Campbell, editor and general manager of The Daily Times, and Super- \isor Salvatore Tocci of New Rochelle, who congratulated the local for its 50 years' pro- gress.
Also introduced were leaders of delegations from local unions in Port Chester, Yonkers, Jamaica, White Plains, New Rochelle, New York City, Mount Vernon, Mount Kisco, the Carpenters' District Council of Westchester, the Building and Construction Trades Council of Westchester, the Mamaroneck painters and hodcarriers unions. New Rochelle Plod car- ries Local, Pipe Fitters of Westchester, Putnam and Dutchess Counties and the lathers' local of White Plains.
Mr. Tolve was chairman of the anniversary committee which included Mr. Decea, John C. Zeh, Harold Mellor, Fred Liihrs, William Lagani, Edward Giampoli, James Cum- ming, Leonard Turso, Jr., Michael Tohve, Patsy Bernabei, Rocky Del Porto, Santa Fiore, Jesse F. Griffen, Charles Doria, Anthony Macri, Ernest Tolive and Victor Carpinelli.
•
BAYONNE MARKS 50th BIRTHDAY
In 1899, a small group of craftsmen banded together and applied for a charter. Thus Local Union 383 of Bayonne, New Jersey was born. Through all these years the mem- bers have cherished this charter, and even though times have been pretty rough and mor- ale low, by sticking together as a unit affiUated with the United Brotherhood, Local 383 has come out on top.
Back in the early days our pioneers toiled 10 hours a day for the huge sum of $1.50 per day. Through their efforts and those that followed in their footsteps, we are proud of
Reading from left to right: Seated: Anthony Brancia, Secretary of Hudson County District Council, Henry Cook, Business Agent Hudson County District Council, Louis Botwinick, President Local Union 383, Albert Beck, Jr., Business Agent, Hudson County District Coun- cil, O. Wm. Blaier, Board Member Second District, Raleigh Rajoppi, General Represen- tative, Louis Denerstein, Financial Secretary Local 383.
Standing: Louis Hyman, Recording Secretary Local 383, Harry Greenblatt, Outgoing Vice- President, Julius Shapiro, Conductor Local 383, Harry Schanbaum, Co-Chairman of Ar- rangement Committee, Morris Botwinick, Delegate to District Council, Meyer Wendroff, Treasurer Local 383, Meyer Alenick, Co-Chairman Arrangement Committee.
our conditions today. Our pay scale is the highest in the world— $3.00 per hour, a 7-hour day ond a welfare fund paid for only by the employer.
On July 8th, 1950, Local 383 celebrated its 50th Anniversary widi a roast beef dinner and all the trimmings. Although there are no charter members living today, many real old-timers were present on diis happy occasion.
The invited guests included Board Member, O. Wm. Blaier and Raleigh Rajoppi, representing General President William L. Hutcheson; Alfred Beck, Jr., and Henry Cook, Business Agents of the Hudson County District Council; Anthony Brancia, Secretary of Hudson County District Council, and a delegation of tliree members from Local 1073 of Philadelphia, Pa., and ten members from Local 1782 of Newark, N. J.
36
THE CARPENTER
GENEVA GRADUATES THREE JOURNEYMEN
From border to border and from coast to coast, thanks to the interest of Brotherhood
local unions, finished joume\"men carpenters are being turned out in adequate numbers through comprehensi^'e and efficient appren- ticeship training. Geneva, N. Y. is no excep- tion. Recently Local Union No. 187 award- ed ioume%-men's certificates to four young men who satisfactorily fulfilled the required program of study and work experience.
Pictured herewith (left to right) is Wil- bert Lemieux, union president, handing out certificates to graduate apprentices Gerald Morley, Dale Shaw, and Charles PhiUips, Brothers Shaw and PhilUps also received New York State apprenticeship certificates.
ST. JOHN HOLDS FIRST GR.ADUATION CEREMONT
Before a large gathering of guests and members. Joiunie>Tnan Carpenter Certificates were awarded to seven candidates who had successfully completed their apprenticeship training. The presentations were made by the Honorable S. E, Moores, Minister of Labor, Pro^■incial Government, who congratulated the new jommeymen and stressed the impor- tance of the Building Trades to the whole hfe of the communib,'.
The meeting was addressed also by Mr. John Flood, President of Canada's oldest construction company and the local rep- resentative of the Canadian contractors' Association. Brother N. Jessome, a past President of Local 1386 and the union, representative on the provincial appren- ticeship committee, (of which he is chair- man) gave a talk on apprenticeship train- ing. Addresses were also gi^•en by itr. George Mehin, Secretary' of the Prov. Branch of the Canadian Federation of Labor, and by Mr. A. E, Skaling, Presi- dent of the St. John Trades and Labor Council.
The speakers were introduced by the President of Local 1386, Hugh McGill, who presided over the meeting.
Front Row, Left to Righ: E. L. McGinnis, Finan- cial Secretary and Business Agent of Local 1386, Apprentices R. McDonald, George H. Newall, L. W. McCumber, J. R. McClusky, Joseph A. Arseneault, Hctrold Floyd and E. Hughes.
Back Row, left to Righ : Herbert Jessome, Past President of Local 13S6 and local representative of Prov. Apprenticeship Training Committee; Hon. S. E. Moores, Minister of Labor, Prov. Gov., Hugh McGill, President Local 1386; John Flood, Presi- dent Flood Construction Company and District Representative of Canadian Construction Associa- tion; A. E. Skaling, President St. John Trades and Labor Council; George Melvin, Secretary Prov. Branch Canadian Federation of Labor.
As each new joimie\Tnan stepped fon^"ard to receive his certificate, he was introduced. to tlie Honorable Minister of Labor and to the gathering by the Local's Business Agent) and Financial Secretary^, E. L. McGinnis. ;
On behalf of the Local, the candidates were presented %\ith a Union pin by the Chair- < man of the Entertainment Committee. |
A vote of thanks was moved and given to the speakers on behalf of the Local by the President after which the meeting was turned over to the Entertarament Committee which . had a pleasing program of music and ventriloquism. Community- singing was enjoyed after which lunch was served under the sponsorship of the President Elizabeth Brown and the. entertainment committee of the Ladies' Auxiliary 535.
The presentation of Certificates to the members of Local 1386, was the first ceremony of its land to be carried out by any Labor organization in this area, and the candidates were a class from the first group of tradesmen to be trained vmder the guidance of tiie
THE CARPENTER
37
Prov. Apprenticeship Training Branch of the Department of Labor of the Prov. Govern- ment.
Journeymen receiving Certificates were: Joseph A. Arseneault, Harold Floyd, Philip Casey, Jr., E. Hughes, J. R. McClusky, L. W. McCumber, V. Mayo, Robert Woods, J. W. Cuirns, R. MacDonald and George H. Nevi^all. All are veterans of World War II, repre- senting all three branches of tlie service.
ISLIP SPONSORS FIRST CLAM BAKE
With a fine turn out of members, families and friends, Local Union No. 357, Islip, N. Y., recently sponsored its first clam bake and get together. Plenty of fine food, com-
bined -with a great program of entertainment, made the event an unqualified success. In fact, practically all w^ho attended are in favor of making it an annual aflFair. As the smiles in the above photo, taken at the clam bake, show, the members of Local No. 357 know how to enjoy a good time as efficiently as they know how to wield the tools of the trade.
MONTREAL CARPENTERS HONOR THREE FIFTY-YEAR MEMBERS
Many members of Local 1244, United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, turned out on June 29th to honor three of their brothers who had been mem- bers of the union for more than 50 years. Receiving the coveted gold buttons of the Inter- national Brotherhood signifying 50 years or more of continuous membership and unfail- ing loyalty were William R. Johns, Joseph Scruton and John P. Clancy.
Local 1244 is the "League of Nations" of the Carpenters and the labor movement of Montreal. President Shears of the Local says that at one time or another every lan- guage and national group has been repre- sented in its ranks.
The 50-year gold buttons were presented as the gifts of the Quebec Provincial Coun- cil of Carpenters by Brother Leopold Fran- coeiu:.
Gustav Francq, who joined the Quebec Local of the International Typographical Union in 1888, was guest speaker and paid tribute to the three members as exempli- fying tlie true traditions of the trade union movement. He also did honor to his life-long friend, the late Artliur Martel.
Brother Johns, Scruton and Clancy began tlieir long trade union careers in tlie Amal- gamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners. All of tliem joined this British international union before the end of tlie last century. When, in 1925, tlie carpenters in Montreal de- cided to bring the membership of the two internationals into one body under the United Brotlierhood, the decision was reached tliat membership in tlie Amalgamated should be carried forward in the new local vdthout impairment.
As the three brothers received their 50-year buttons from Brotlier Francoeur of tlie Provincial Council, tliere could be seen members of the Negro and Japanese races among
38 THE CARPENTER
the enthusiastic and cheering membership. When the conversation between the members, broke forth again, it was obvious that many languages were being spoken: Among those present were EngUsh, Scots, Irish, Welsh, Norwegian, Swedish, Danish, Dutch, Polish, Czech.
President Shears told us that often he had had to have an interpreter present when ad- ministering the obligation. He could not understand tlie new member's language. The new member could speak neither English nor French. Brother Francoeur says he needs a working knowledge of more than two languages to carry on his work as Council Sec- retary.
Brother Eduoard Larose, International representative, and newly-elected Secretary of the Quebec Provincial Federation of Labor, spoke to the members after the presentation had been completed. He told the members of the continued gro\\'th of the Carpenters throughout the pro\'ince and of the continued demand for additional charters, some in the far comers of the area.
Brotliers Johns, Scruton and Clancy also received gifts of cash from the Local. Said President Shears, "We're paying you off."
TWIN CITY UNIONS WELCOME 203 GRADUATE APPRENTICES
Recently the Twin Cit\' Building Trades Joint Apprentice graduating ceremony was held in Coffman Memorial Union on the campus of the University of Minnesota to pay tribute to the 203 young men %vho have completed their apprenticeship training dming tlie past year. Of tliis munber, some 147 were graduates in the trade of carpentry. Starting with a dehcious steak dinner, the entire evening was devoted to honoring the yoimg mea who were just entering joiirneyman status in the building trades.
Following the close of World War II, the building tradesmen of the Minneapolis-St. Paul area reahzed that sometliing had to be done to make available to the large numbers of returning veterans decent training which would enable the returned service men to enter honorable trades as qualified mechanics. The result was fonnation of the Greater Minneapolis-St. Paul Area Joint Apprenticeship Conference, an organization in which the Twin Cit>' District Council and affiliated local imions played an important part. Against all sorts of disheartening odds, the Conference began mapping out plans for doing the necessary job. That the efforts were not in vain was eloquently attested to by the grad- uation of 203 well qualified, tlioroughly trained journeymen at tliis year's graduation exercises.
GREAT OLD TIMER OF LOCAL 854 STEPS DOWN
Another link widi the early struggles of the United Brotherhood was severed when J. Edward Putz resigned as President of Local Union No. 854, Madisonville, Oliio to enter the Masonic Home at Springfield with his wife. A grand old timer of the Ohio labor movement, Brotlier Putz served as president of Local No. 854 for the past twenty years and was active in other offices for thirty years prior to that. In all of the struggles for better wages and working conditions down the years. Brother Putz has always been in the thick of battle. Courage, unselfishness and a burning desire to keep his union strong have always character- ized all of Brother Putz' years of service. Probably as well as any man in the middle west he remembers the eventful days of the Eight- ies and Ninties when tlie Brotherhood was struggling to build a last- ing organization against tremendous odds. He recalls how painfully *' slow was the growth of the union in tliose hard days, especially outside
the larger cities.
However, Madisonville was in the thick of the union picture in those days. Local No. 369 was organized arornid 1890. For several years it flourished, but the prolonged depression from 1892 to 1896 forced the union to the wall. But not for long. In 1901 Local 854 was organized. In Jrnie of next year it will celebrate its fiftieth anniversary. Of tlie twenty-three names which appeared on its charter hst, all but tiaree have passed away.
THE CARPENTER
39
Succeeding retiring President Putz in Office is another old timer, Brother Ernie Neu- bauer, a veteran of some forty-eight years membership in the union. Having joined Local No. 327 in April, 1902, Brother Neubauer will also round out fifty years of service to his union in a little over a year.
TACOMA MILLMEN GRADUATE TEN APPRENTICES
At a fine banquet tendered by the Joint Apprenticeship Committee on June 2nd, some ten apprentices who successfully wound up their four years of apprenticeship training at the Tacoma Vocational School re- ceived their journeymen's cer- tificates and a hearty welcome into Millmens Local Union No. 1689, Tacoma. Many represent- atives of the Union, the employ- ers, and public school officials were on hand to extend the hand of fellowship to the young men who displayed the neces- sary fortitude and determina- tion to finish the prescribed apprenticeship course.
Formulating Mill men's ap- prenticeship standards has been a hard and exacting job. How- ever, under the chairmanship of W. H. Hedburg, business representative of Local No. 1689, a good job has been dcaie by the committee. The ten young men who enter the trade as fully qualified journeymen testify to the eflFectiveness of the apprenticeship committee.
Lower, left to right: Joseph Drazba, Clyde Rushton, George Stevens, Robert Jordin. Middle row: Vernon Hague, George Grimm, Jr., Alan Stevens, Frederick Koury, Ralph Zander. Top row: James Berrens, Union member Joint- Apprenticeship Committee, Arnold Hagberg, Union Presi- dent; Harry Daly, Member Joint- Apprenticeship Committee; W. H. Hedberg, Business Representative and Chairman Joint- Apprenticeship Committee; W. L. Duncan, Receiving Brother- hood certificate; Arne Skaugset, Union Member Joint- Apprenticeship Committee; and Charles M. Morgan, Union Member and Instructor of Apprenticeship Training.
CLEVELAND BROTHER INVENTS NEW CHAIR
Mr. K. K. Kissell, a veteran member of Local No. 11 in Cleveland, Ohio, has invented an invalid chair which he calls the "Kissell All Purpose Chair". This chair can be used
not only as an invalid chair which is its primary use, but also as a piece of porch or lawn furniture simply by removing the large wheels and replacing them with the two extra small wheels in front. The chair can be propelled and guided by the feet. When the chair is used as a carrier it can be held at any angle desired by Va" turn on the lock rod. The spreaders in the seat are 2%" below the carpet on the seat which prevents all parts of the body from coming in contact witli any hard sur- face. Brother Kissell has not as yet found a manu- facturer for his new and improved invalid cliair. Any member knowing of a manufacturer \\ho might be interested in making the chair would earn the gratitude of Brother Kissell by passing tlie information on to him at P. O. Box 2772, Cleveland 11, Ohio.
For 48 years Mr. Kissell has been a member of the Carpenters and Joiners Union. Above is a snapshot of Mr. Kissell and. his "All Purpose Chair."
NORTH PLATTE AUXILIARY CELEBRATES FIRST BIRTHDAY
Auxiliary No. 550, North Platte, Neb., recently celebrated its first birthday with a ban- quet and get-together. As tlie smiles in the above photo taken at the banquet indicate, everyone had a fine time. Auxiliary members and tlieir husband are eagerly looking forward to more such affairs.
BONNER AUXILIARY ADVANCING STEADILY
The Editor:
Greetings to all Sister AuxiUaries from Ladies' Auxiliary No. 492 of Bonner, Montana. We would like to take tliis opportunity to extend a cordial invitation for visits and cor- respondence from other Auxiliaries.
We were organized on October 12, 1947 and received our charter on November 7, of the same year. We are very proud of our Auxiliary, having steadily advanced since its organization.
Our Auxiliary has sponsored several benefits and donated to many good caioses.
Our meetings are held in the Milltown Library each month and every other month we invite our husbands to lunch.
We are now putting on a membership drive v^ith high hopes of doubling our present nmnber of members.
The following members were elected and installed: President, Leona Denning; Vice- President, Alvina Hazelhurst; Secretary, Ellen Cantrell; Treasurer, Lucille Wagner; Con- ductor, Marjorie O'Hara; Warden, Ruth Gendrow; and Trustees, EHzabeth Meade, Cath- erine Towsley and Gerda Nelson.
We would like to express our appreciation for the privilege you have given all Auxil- iaries to publish their letters in the Carpenters' Magazine. We enjoy reading the letters and have gotten a lot of very good suggestions from other Sister Auxiliaries.
Fraternally,
Ellen Cantrell, Recording Secretary
Craft Probloms
Carpentry
By H. H. Siegele LESSON 266 Simple Application of Square.— Most of
the applications of the steel square are rather simple— even those that are considered dif- ficult by the ordinary carpenter. What the carpenter, particularly the apprentice, should strive for is the skill in handling the square, that will eliminate false motions to the ex- tent that they will be kept as low as pos- sible. In order to do this, it will be neces- sary to study new movements and make them deliberately until they become auto- matic. This achievement will cost mental effort and actual practice on the part of the student, but it is one of the best in- vestments he can make, if he wants to be a master in the vise of the steel square.
The Square Cut.— Fig. 1 shows by the upper drawing the square applied to a 2 x 4
for marking a square cut across the face. The bottom drawing shows tlie square ap- plied for marking a square cut on the edge of a 2 X 4. These two applications of tlie square are perhaps the simplest of them all, and are made on all kinds of sawed ti:r-bers.
Squaring Openings.— Fig. 2 shows to the right a rough door opening, framed for a 2' 8" by 6' 8" door. In this drawing the square is shown placed in the left corner to test the squareness of the opening. The cross section of the opening, to the left.
Fig. 2
shows the square in position for testing the header as to whether or not it joins the studding square across. Fig. 3 shows three details, somewhat exaggerated, of out-of- square opening constructions. At A tlie heel of the square does not contact the corner. At B the heel is in contact, but tlie tongue of the square is flying in tlie air. At C tlie test shows a cross section of a poorly joined header.
Sixteen-Inch Spacing.— The upper draw- ing of Fig. 4 shows an outside 2x4 plate in part, with tlie corner studding and tliree wall studding in place. It should be noted, that the first space is measured from point A to the center of tlie first wall studding, and following diat tlie measuring is done from center of studding to center of stud- ding. The reason for starting at point A is that when die latiier butts the latli against tlie corner studding, tliey will center tlie wall studding at B. The bottom drawing shovv's tlie same plate marked for tlie corner studding and for tlie tiiree wall studding. The square is shown applied for marking the second space. Notice tliat the distance between tlie spaces is shown as 14y2 inches. The distance between tlie studding when
42
THE CARPENTER
they are in place is only 14% inches. The reason for this difference lies in the fact that the studding materials is 1% inches thick. For measuring the spaces for 1%- inch studding, use the 14%-inch point on
the inside edge of the square, which will measure the distance between the spaces, to which the tongue of tlie square will add IVz inches, making the 16 inches. The top plate is shown shaded, placed in such a
Fig. 4
way that the two can be marked with one operation.
Two-Foot Spacing.— The upper drawing of Fig. 5 shows a plate in part, witli the corner studding in place and two of the wall studding. Here, as in the sixteen-inch spacing, the first space is measured from
point A to the center of the first wall stud- ding. The bottom drawing shows the same plate marked for the studding and the
Fig. 5
square in position for marking the second space. The top plate is shown and placed in such a position that tlie two plates can be
Fig. 6
marked at the same time. The distance between the marked spaces in two-foot spacing is' 22^/^ inches, as shown on the drawing, while tlie distance studding is 22% inches, when lys-inch studding are used.
MAKE THAT GIFT A BOOK
QUICK CONSTRUCTION.— Covers hundreds of prac- tical building problems, has 258 p. and 686 11. $2.50
BUILDING.— Has 220 p. and 531 il., covering form building, garages, finishing, stair building, etc. $2.50.
ROOF FRAMING.— 175' p. and 437 il. Roof framing complete. Other problems, including saw filing. $2.50.
CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.— Has 159 p., 426 il., covering concrete work, form building, screeds, rein- forcing, scaffolding, other temporary construction. $2.50
CARPENTRY. — Has 302 p.. 754 il., covering general house carpentry, estimating and other subjects. $2.50.
BUILDING TRADES DICTIONARY.— Has 380 p., 670 il.. and about 7,000 building trade terms. $3.00.
You can't go wrong if you buy the whole set,
THE FIRST LEAVES.— Poetry. Only $1.00.
TWIGS OF THOUGHT.— Poetry. Only $1.00.
FREE.- — With 3 books, one poetry book free, with 5 books, two, and with 6 books, three. (With less than 3 books, one of the poetry books for only 50 cents.)
Books autographed. Five-day Money-back guarantes.
Postpaid only when full amount comes with order. Order u U CIPr^lTI P 222 So. Const. St. tuday. ■■• ■■■ wlK-\atfcit Emporia, Kansos QUANTITIES— 12 or more books 20% off, f.o.b. Chicago
THE CARPENTER
43
Marking for Joists.— Fig. 6, the upper drawing, shows the square in position for marking the second space for the joists. It should be noted that the measuring for the first space is done from point A, just as it was in spacing for the studding. The reason for this is to bring the studding directly over the joists. This is shown by the bottom drawing, where the rough floor is in place— also the foot plate and the studding, which are shown in part. Com- pare and study the two drawings.
Squaring up Joists.- Fig. 7 shows two ways to apply the square for squaring up joists. The upper drawing shows the square, as it were, hooked over the joist and the blade resting on the edges of two joists. The inside edge of the tongue, in this case.
Fig. 7
contacts the joist and shows whether or not it is square. The bottom drawing shows the square resting on the spacing board and butting against tlie joist. Here the outside edge of the tongue contacts tlie joist, show- ing the squareness of the joist, or the lack of it.
Spacing for Ladders.— Fig. 8 shows two views of the uprights of a 12-foot ladder.
Fig. 8
The upper drawing shows to the left the square applied for marking the third space, and to the right the square is shown in position for marking the last step. It should be noticed that the steps are spaced 12 inches from top to top, which is the standard spacing for ladders. The bottom
drawing shows how to square up a ladder when it is wider at the bottom than at the top. Nail the first and last steps on with one nail to the bearing. Then mark the
Fig. 9
center of the two steps, as at points A and
B, and a stretch line from one to tlie other.
Apply the square to the first step as shown.
When the blade is perfectly parallel with
the line, the ladder is square. Ordinarily
this is not necessary, but in cases where
accuracy is important, this is a good way to
square up a ladder. Fig. 9 shows details
of the left parts of the drawings shown in
Fig. 8.
«
Wants to Pass It On
A reader wants to pass on a method of obtaining bevels for braces.
Fig. 1 shows an oblong, 6 feet by 8 feet, that is to be held in a square position with a brace cut as shown. In order to get the right bevel, a measuring line (chalk line will do) should be made on the material, as shown by dotted line on the drawing. To do this it is necessary to know the diagonal distance, which in this case is 10 feet. This distance can be obtained by taking 6 squared
SAVE TIME! SAVEMONEYiwith
TRIP-HAMMER
Saw-Set
FOOT TREADLE OPERATED
LIGHT WEIGHT TOOL BOX SIZE SETS UP EASILY Postpaid • MONEY BACK GUARANTEE
Set saws faster. NO CRAMPED HANDS.
■ Every tooth set uniformly. Handles 5 to 12
point hand saws, 3" to 10" circular saws, Two man cros» cut saws.
Send Check, Money Ordor or Postal Note. P. O. Box C-2864 Rocky River Station, Ohio
ARDEE TOOL GO.
44
THE CARPENTER
and 8 squared and extracting the square root. A more practical method would be to transfer the distance with a steel tape to the brace material, marking one end on one edge of the material and the other end on
Fig. 1
the other edge, as indicated by the dotted measuring Hne on the drawing.
Fig. 2 shows the sqxiare appHed to the measuring line of the brace, shown in part, for obtaining the bevel of one end of the
i'^>
MASTER CARPENTERS CHOOSE
EMPIRE LEVELS
because EilPEBE LEVELS — are the stand- ard of accuracy «iti; particular craftsmen everywhere. EMPIRE'S intcrchang
able, easily-read vials, precision
chined edges and other features are built for job-proven accurary. Try tlie popular No. 151 Alu- minum ►Level — with 2 plumbs, 2 levels, and 2 Jo-degree glasses. Priced at only ?7..50 for the 24" length. See your local dealer for the right EMPIRE for your job, or write.
EMPIRE LEVEL MFG. CO.
Dept. 715, 10930 W. Potter Road, Milwaukee 13, Wi;:.
Ai.'
Simplify Cutting and Punching
ASBESTOS
SiDiNQ
with an
ACE KUTTER
S4. 95 each
until Dee. I prices are risins Cuts, notches, punches aU sizes asbestos siding and shingles. All steel, light weight, easy to operate. Re- duced from S11.95. Guaranteed against defective work- manship or materials. Send $4.95 check or money order for postpaid delivery, or send $1.00 and pay balance C.O.D. Address:
roa\t:,axds >£fg. & saxes CO.
712 Broadus St. Ft. Worth 10, Texas
brace. The other bevel is obtained in the same way. In this case 16 is taken on the
Measuring Lin ex ^
Fig. 2
blade and 12 on the tongue. These figures were obtained by multipl\ing both 8 feef and 6 feet by 2, which resulted in 16 and 12. Fig. 3 shows two braces \\ith double bevels on the ends. To get these bevels the
principle is the same as in the single bevel The square must be appHed to the measur- ing line, using either the original figures f on the blade and 6 on the tongue, or dou bhng them and use 16 and 12, as e.xplainec under Fig. 2. The figures 6 feet and 8 fee were taken for convenience: in practice th( figures would more often come out in frac
tions.
•
Moving Garages
Recently a man who had had some e.xpe rience in ha\ing buildings moved, offered ■ carpenter what he tiiought was a fair pric for mo\"ing a garage a few miles. He was ; Httle surprised when the carpenter too' him up, because, while he considered th' price fair, he still befieved that he was get ting a good deal out of it. What the cai penter did, is illustrated by the dra%^ings.
THE CARPENTER
45
Fig. 1 shows a side view of a garage loaded on a truck. The garage in this case, was packed up oflF the foundation. Then the truck was backed in, about as shown, and
^/^fff/ff//^^/////.
Fig. 1
two timbers were placed on the truck that reached from one side of the garage to the other. The ends were secured to the side walls, and reinforced by fastening 2xl2's directly over tlie ends, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 1.
Fig. 2 shows a front view of the layout. One of the timbers is pointed out with an
7»mlieir
ZWl.
indicator— also one of the 2xl2's. Where the timber is shown the front of the garage is cut out, so as to show the fastening of the timbers.
I am not going into details about tlie fastening of the timbers to the walls of the garage, because that must be determined by the W£.y tlie walls are constructed, and also
by the amount of weight there is to be car- ried. The important thing is to fasten the ends of the timbers securely to the walls of the garage.
When the carpenter had the garage loaded, he drove away with it, and soon had it resting on its new foundation. But the owner smiled when he paid the car- penter, and jokingly said, "That was a clever piece of highway robbery."
EARN BIG PROFITS
SHARPENING AND RETOOTHING SAWS
Gain iNUti'JiilSL)- BNCE and SECU- RITY with a full or part time SAW SHOP BUSINESS OF YOUR OWN Burr's precision saw shop machines help you do a better, faster job. and re quire less apace less time and less effort They Rive a lifetime of service and have a 1 year guaran tee WRITE FOR FREE FOLDERS Valuable Book. Send 25c in coin for Bun's Blue Book of Coast to Coast saw shop char- ges and other valu- able information.
BURR MFG. CO.,
l>pt. on S945 Venice BUd I^s AnKclcs 34, Calif.
78" LEVEL on/K$JO«^
For setting door jambs and windows. No other like it. 4 plumbs, 2 levels. Use either end or edge up. Weighs 4 lbs. I-beam type, non-warp.
NO FACTORY REPAIRS NEEDED!
Spirit tube glass holder (50c) replaced in a min- ute with ordinary screw driver. Other sizes: 30 "-$4.50 — 48"-$6.50— 72"-$9.50.
Direct From Factory, Prepaid, Insured
SIMPLEX LEVEL CO.
6828 E. Warren Ave. Detroit 7, Michigan
/ym
"Nestof 5flws"
A great new tool for carpenters, tinsmiths, electricians, plumbers, steam fitters.
Cvfs fliosf AHYTHING most ANYWHERE
Sure-grip pistol handle end 3 quickly interchange- able blades — 10-tooth for steel, iron, plaster, nails, bolts, etc. . . . 24-tooth for thin sheet metal, gutter pipe, etc. . . . 7-tooth for wood. Blade rotates and locks in desired position, handle stays always in the clear. Ask for Millers Falls No. 725 "Nest of Sows" at your hardware dealer's. Only $2.95* complete.
MILLERS FALLS ^ TDOLS \i
Blades turn and lock in 8 positions
*Pnce slighfly higher in the West and Canada
Let us send you this book of
HOME BUILDERS SHORT-CUTS
for FREE five-day trial
More than 800 "practical job pointers" that save time, expense and labor on building jobs.
Now! Carpentry, building construction and building repair jobs are made easier with the practical methods shown in this big 211 -page book. Every one of these methods has been TESTED in actual use; every one saves time, saves work, saves money.
Contents include: 88 handy ways to use tools; 37 ideas for work benches and attachments; 62 work-saving ways to use portable equipment; 39 suggestions on excavations, foundations and forms ; 32 methods for making sills, gird- ers, joists and sub-flooring; 49 hints on exterior and interior wall_ con- struction; 36 short-cuts in roof and bay construction; 19 tips on maJdng cor- nices and porches ; 54 ideas for inter- ior wall covering auid trim; 27 helps on stair construc- tion; 37 window suggestions; 54 ide- as for installing doors; 29 tips on closets, shelves and built-in equipment; 24 flooring pointers; 35 aids in installing sanitary equipment; 44 short-cuts in lay- ing out work; etc., etc., etc. More than 700 illustrations show you exactly "how-to-do-it." All items indexed so that any particular idea or short-cut you want can be located in' stantly.
SEND NO MONEY
Examine 5 Days FREE Just fill in and mail cou- pon below to get practi- cal Job Pointers" for 5 DAYS FREE TRIAL. If not fully satisfied, re- turn the book and owe nothing. If you keep it, send only S3. 98 plus few cents postage in full pay. ment. You take no risk. Mail coupon below, now.
DO YOU KNOW HOW TO
Raise a sagging beam
without using a jack? Repair a sunken floor
board witiiout ripping
out the entire floor 5 Scribe and fit boards to
an irregular surface ? Replace broken asbestos
sii ingles? Repair worn door hinges? Lay a wood floor over a
concrete base ? Fit door casing to a wall
surface out of plumb ': Make sagless garage door? JIake a septic tank grease
trap? Put pipe into a partition
already plastered ? Apply comer moulding to
wallboard? Quick answers on these and HUNDREDS OF OTHER bulding problems are at your fingertips in "Practical Job Pointers." Mail coupon below for your copy today.
FREE TRIAL COUPON ^Xi?]^
Simmons-Boardman Publishing Corp., 30 Church St., New York 7, N. Y.
(Carp. 1130)
Send me for 5 DAYS FREE TRIAL, "Practical Job Pointers." I will either return it in 5 days and owe nothing, or send only $3.98 (plus shipping charges) in full payment.
City
NOTICE
The publishers of "The Carpenter" resenre . the right to reject all advertising matter which may be. In their judgment, unfair or objectionable to the membership of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America.
All Ckintracts for adTertislng space In "The Car- penter," Including those stipulated as non-can- cellable, are only accepted srbject to the above reserved rights of the publishers.
Index of Advertisers
Carpenters' Toob and Accessories
Page
The American Floor Surfacing
Machine Co., Toledo, Ohio 47
Ardee Tool Co., Rocky River
Station, Ohio 43
E. C. Atkins & Co., Indian- apolis, Ind. 4th Cover
Burr Mfg. Co., Los Angeles, CaL 45
Henry Disston & Sons, Inc., Phil- adelphia, Peu 5
Eliason Tool Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 47
Empire Level Mfg. Co., Mil-
waixkee. Wis. 44
E-Z Mark Tools, Los Angeles,
Cal. 6
Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 4S
Greenlee Tool Co., Rockford, Ill„ 48
The Lufkin Rule Co., Saginaw,
Mich. 6
A. D. McBumey, Los Angeles,
Cal. 47
Millers Falls Co., Greenfield,
Mass. 45
The Paine Co., Chicaigo, 111 48
Rowlands Mfg. & Sales Co., Ft.
Worth, Tex. 44
Simplex Level Co., Detroit,
Mich. 45
Skilsaw Inc., Chicago, 111 1
Speedcor Products, Portland,
Ore. S
Stanley Tools, New^ Britain,
Coim. 3rd Cover
Carpentry Materials
E. L. Bruce Co., Memphis,
Tenn. 3rd Cover
The Upson Co., Lockport, N. Y. 4
Technical Courses and Books
American Technical Society,
Chicago, 111. 47
Audel Publishers, New^ York,
N. Y. 3rd Cover
Chicago Technical College, Chi- cago, 111. 3
A. Riechers, Palo Alto, Calif 48
H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans 42
Simmons-Boardman Publishing
Corp., New York, N. Y 46
Tcimblyn System, Denver, Colo 6
KEEP THE MONEY IN THE FAMILY!
PATRONIZE ADVERTISERS
1st— Measure tread or riser in 10 seconds
ELIASON STAIR GAUGE
Saves HALF Your Time Building Staircases
In 10 seconds you get both correct length and angle for stair treads, risers, closet shelves, ready to mark board. Each end automaUcally pivots and locks at exact length and angle needed for perfect fit. Length adjustable from 20" up. Saves a day or more, increases your profits $20 to $30 on each staircase. Fully guaranteed. Circular on request.
Only $12.95 cash with order, or C.O.D. plus postage.
ELIASON TOOL CO. Minneapolis 17, Minn.
Dealers and Agents Wanted 2nd — Mark board with giiuge for perfect fit
QBIG BUILDING BOOKS
12th Edition for EXAMINATION
, SEND NO MONEY
Learn to draw plana, estimate, be a Ilve-wlre huUder, do remodeling, take contracting jobs. These 9 practical, pro- fusely Illustrated books cover subjects tbat will help you to get more work and make more money. Masonry, con- crete forma, carpentry, steel square, roof framinK, construc- tion, plumbing, heating, painting, decorating and many other subjects. More than 4000 pages — 2750 Illustrations.
UP-TO-DATE
EDITION
These books art the most up-to- date and complete we have ever pub- lished on thes* many subjects.
BETTER JOBS - BETTER PAY
A nationwide building boom is in full swing and trained men ara needed. Big opportunities are always for MEN WHO KNOW HOW. These books sup- ply quick, easily understood training and handy, permanent reference Information that helps solve building problems.
Coupon Brings Nine Big Books For Examination
AMERicANTECHNICArSOCIETY TublisherT since ImI
Dept. G-836, Orexel at 58th Street, Chicago 37, III. You may ship me the TJp-to-Date edition of your nine big books, "Building, Estimating, and Contracting" with- out any obligation to buy. I will pay the delivery charges only, and if fully satisfied in ten days, I will send you $3.00, and after that only $4.00 a month, until the total price of only $34.80 la paid. I am not obligated In any way unless I keep the books.
Name
Address
City State
Attach letter stating age, occupation, employer's name and address, and name and address of at least one business man as reference. Men In service, also give home address.
SUPER STAIR GAGE
No. 49
Again available for instant attachment to carpenter's steel squares. Perfect for laying out stair stringers and other saw cuts. Precision-made nickel-plat- ed steel fixtures with brass thumb screws.
Only .75 the pair!
SUPER 99 SQUARE
Light, precision made gages. To be used with carpenter's steel squares. Valuable in laying our nu- merous repeat an- "les as in stair
giea cits lu sLtiiJ- i4w,!j u laii
Stringers, hip and only $1.25 pr.
,, ° 1. j.^ If Dealer Cannot Supply
valley rafters, etc. order Direct, Postpaid
A. D. McBORNEY Los Angeles 13, Callf!*^
I^AHV USEb
f^fi'^/iTnlKn I This American Port- ^OOD . WETAL able Belt Sander
JfkpRLE • STONE I will save itme^nd COMPOSITION eliminate tec/tous
BOARD I ^^"^ sattdtng atid
i planing for you on
many jobs! Use this easy- handling Belt Sander in your shop— and 00 location — for touch up sanding, rough- ing or final finish . . . Two models— with and without dust collector bag. Speedy . . . rugged . . . efl&cient . . . dependable. Send for descriptive literature and prices,
AMERICAN Floor Surfacing Machine Co. 520 So. St. Clair St. Toledo 3, Ohio
THE BEST CRAFTSMEN ALWAYS TAKE PAINE'S
PAINE "Sudden Depth"
EJECTS DUST AUTOMATICALLY
•
REDUCES DRILLING TIME
•
PLACE THE ANCHOR WITHOUT CLEANING HOLE
• NO INCREASE IN PRICES
Paine "Sudden Depth" Drill Bits with automatic dust ejectors are available in round shank styles from M " to 1", inclu- sive. Get these new drills from your sup- plier today or write for fiJl information.
THE PAINE COMPANY
2967 Carroll Ave.
Chicago 12, Itl.
If you like fine tools
. . . then you'll certainly like to work with the new GREENLEE Socket Chisels. Perfectly balanced . . . handsome, transpare.it green plastic handles . . . fine bevel-edged GREENLEE blades, so long the choice of true craftsmen. Ask your hardware dealer about them.
GREENLEE
SPECIAL OFFER . . . WOODWORKING CALCULATOR. ..104. Quick solutions to countless problems... converting linear to board feet, nail and bit sizes, etc Send 10c to Greenlee Tool Co., 2091 Columbia Ave., Rocl^ford, ML
INtiiPENDENCE AfTFR40A
this FREE BOOK showsi How to Win It
"INDEPENDENCE AFTER 40" is S
book giving you a proven, prac- tical way to make $20 to .$30 a week in spare time — sharpening saws with the Foley Automatic Saw Filer. Start at home in basement or garage — you can turn out perfect cutting saws right away — no experience needed.
The Free Book gives you a plan based on facts, with only a small investment, no overhead, no stock of goods to Garry. There are thousands of saws in every community to keep sharp. Begin in spare time — develop into a full- time business of your own later on. Take the first step towards being your own boss — send the coupon for this book — 110 salesman will call.
si»^"«cr^^
SW ^^6^ 5^ FREE BOOK
FOLEY MFG. CO. 1118-0 Foley BIdg., Minneapolis 18, Minn. Send FREE BOOK— ■Independence After 40"
Name
Address
Full Length Roof Framer
A pocket size book with the EN- TIRE length of Common-Hip-Valley and Jack rafters completely worked out for you. The flattest pitch is % inch rise to 12 inch run. Pitches in- crease Yz inch rise each time until the steep pitch of 24" rise to 12" run is reached.
There are 2400 widths of build- ings for each pitch. The smallest width is Vi: inch and they increase 1/4 " each time until they cover a 50 foot building.
There are 2400 Commons and 2406 Hip, Valley & Jack lengths for each pitch. 230,400 rafter lengths for 48 pitches.
A hip roof is 48'-9i4" wide. Pitch" is TV2" rise to 12" run. You calx pick out the length of Commons, Hips and Jacks jjj Qjjj, jvnNUTE Let us prove it, or return your money.
Getting the lengths of rafters by the (pan and the method of setting up the tables is fully pro- tected by the 1917 & 1944 Copyrights.
Price $2.50 Postpaid. If C. O. D. pay $2.85.
Californians Add 8c. Money back privilege.
Canadians use Money Orders.
A. RIECHERS
p. O. Box 405 Palo Alto, Calif.
/my
STANLEY NO. 700 WOODWORKER'S VISE
Completely New — Stanley No. 700. Grips work firm and fast. Can be quickly attached to a saw- horse, bench, or handy projection. Extra-strong, made of malleable iron, yet lightweight, easy to carry. New, "L" shaped jaws hold work secure, vertically as well as horizontally. Replaceable, tempered presdwood jaw faces protect work. Jaws open to 3J^". Attractive grey enamel finish with red trim, rust-proof steel screw parts nickel- plated. Stanley Tools, New Britain, Connecticut.
n
THE TOOL BOX OF THE WORLD
[STANLEY]
Reg. U.S. Pat. Off.
HARDWARE . TOOLS ., u u u
LECTRIC TOOLS . STEEL STRAPPING . STEEL S^ordin^l^oA! "" "
Clamps on sawhorse or edge of bench for doors, sash, etc.
BRUCE
lardwood Flooring
{2>ioQK . ?im\^ . Sim?)
Lays Easier Pleases Owners
Product of E. L. Bruce Co., Memphis, Tenn. World's Largest in Hardwood Floors
AUDELS Carpenters and Builders Guides
4vois.$6
Inside Trade Information
for Carpenters, Builders. Join- ers, Building Mechanics and all Woodworkers. These Guides give yon the short-cut instruc- tions that yoa want— including new methods, ideas, solutions, plans, systems and money sav- ing suggestions. An easy pro- gressive course for the appren- tice and student. A practical daily helper and Quick Refer- ence for the master worker. Carpentere everywhere are us- ing these Guides as a Helpinff Hand to Easier Work, Better Work and Better Pay. To get this assistance for yourself.
Inside Trade Information On: mSFfRBE°TOUPONbeiow. How to use the steel square — How to file and set saws — How to build lurnlture — How to use a mitre box — How to use the chalk line — ^How to use rules and scales — How to make joints — Carpenters arithmetic — Solving mensuration problems — Estimating strength ot timbers — How to set girders and silis — How to frame houses and roofs — How to estimate costs — How to build houses, barns, garages, bungalows, etc. — How to read and draw plans — Drawing up specifications— How to excavate — How to use settings 12, 13 and 17 on the steel square — How to build hoists and scaffolds — skylights — How to build stairs — How to put on interior trim- How to hang doors — How to lath — lay floors — How to paint.
AUDEL, PubUshers, 49 W. 23rd St.. New Yori< 10. N. Y.
Mall Audels Carpenters and Builders Guides, 4 vols., on 7 days' free trial. If OK I will remit $1 in 7 days and $1 monthly until $6 is paid. —Otherwise I will return them. No obligation unless I am satisfied.
Name-
Occupation-
Employed by-
CAR
Use them
for 30 day
and you'll
stay with
them for life!
ATKINS No. 400 America's Finest Saw
The saw any carpenter is proud to own— a tribute to his judgment and knowledge of fine tools! The blade of the Atkins No. 400 is crafted of the finest steel ever perfected for sawing purposes . . . tem- pered by Atkins' own methods for the utmost in edge-holding qualities . . . and
true-taper ground for easy clearance Solid rosewood handle in "Perfection' pattern prevents wrist strain and direct: the full force of each easy stroke against the fast -cutting teeth. In shijf pattern, rip or cut-off, 24 and 26-incl lengths.
"Have you seenthe_
NEW Jf- 65?
^^*^TTthe fomous ATKINS A smaner model <>! *he r j,.,.^y ,„
No. 65. Some qoo»|ty. some ^^^^^
o saw especioUy made « ^j^„„toge. tmoHer U" ^'ode « ^^^'er now. See it ot your ATMN^
ATKINS No. 65
Tried-and-true, long-time friend of thousands of car* penters. A fine quality "Silver Steel" saw. True-taper ground, carefully tempered and fitted with "Perfec* tion" pattern apple handle. Ship pattern; 20, 24 and 26'inch lengths.
E. C. ATKINS AND COMPANY
Home Office and Factory:
402 So. Illinois St., Indianapolis 9, Indiana
Branch factory: Portland, Oregon
Knife Factory: Lancaster, New York
Braneh Offices: Atlanta • Cliicago • Portland • New York
BDE
Itfi^^ii^gS^js^^^i^'^
DECEMBER, 1950
Trade Mark Reg. March, 1913
A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.
PETER E. TERZICK. Editor
Carpenters' Building, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis 4, Indiana
Established in 1881 Vol. LXX — Xo. 12
INDIANAPOLIS, DECEMBER, 1950
One Dollar Per Year Ten Cents a Copy
On the inside front cover of this issue there is a colored picture of our United Brotherhood's Home for Aged Members at Lakeland, Fla. Particularly created for framing, the picture represents a fine example of what modern printing methods can do. Additional copies of this picture may be obtained from the General OfFice at the nominal cost of ten cents each to cover handling and mailint, charges.
The same picture in a considerably larger size, measuring 13V2 inches by 21 inches, is also available at fifty cents each. All requests for these pictures should be addressed to: Albert E. Fischer, Acting Secretary, 222 E. Michigan St., Indianapolis 4, Ind.
— Contents —
M-4 Is Dangerous
Through Regulation M-4, the government not only places a ban on forty-five types of "frivolous" construction such as race tracks and theaters ,but also it adds uncertainty to all kinds of construction projects. Branding the measure as premature. First General Vice President Hutcheson urges suspension of the regulation until such time as national security makes it imperative.
Just For The Record
8
While it is gratifying to know that the nation has at last become awakened to the perils of communism, it is amusing to note that many of our leading politicians are act- ing as if communism were some new evil which they personally discovered. The record shows that the United Brotherhood was wrestling with the communist problem twenty- five years ago. A circular letter on the subject sent out by the General Office on Jan- uary 21, 1925, shows how vigorously the United Brotherhood was moving against the disruptive communist elements at a time when much of the rest of the nation scoffed at the communist threat.
Designed For Efficiency -
11
The Standard Apprenticeship Training Course complied by the United Brotherhood for the purpose of standardizing apprenticeship training is meeting v/ith an enthusiastic response from all people connected with such training. School authorities and govern- ment apprenticeship officials are among the most enthusiastic.
• • •
OTHER DEPARTMENTS
Plane Gossip
The Locker -
Official
Editorials
In Memoriam
Correspondence
Craft Problems
Index to Advertisers
• • •
14
16 18 24 39 40 41
46
Entered July 22, 191.5. at IXDIANAPOLIS, IXD., as second class mail matter, under Act of
Congress, Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for
in Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917. authorized on July 8, 1918.
CARPENTERS
BUILDERS and APPRENTICES
THOROUGH TRAINING IN BUILDING
Learn at Home in Your Spare Time
The successful builder will tell you that the way to the top-pay jobs and success in Building is to get thorough knowledge of blue prints, building con- struction and estimating.
In this Chicago Tech Course, you learn to read blue prints — -the universal language of the builder — and understand specifications — for all types of buildings.
You learn building construction details : foundations, walls, roofs, windows and doors, arches, stairs, etc.
You learn how to lay out work and direct building jobs from start to finish. You learn to estimate building costs quickly and accurate- ly. Find out how you can pre- pare at home for the higher- paid jobs in Building, or your own successful contracting busi- ness. Get the facts about this income-boosting Chicago Tech training now.
MAIL COUPON NOW
Prepare for more pay, greater suc- cess. Learn how to lay out and run building jobs, how to read blue prints, how to estimate building costs. Prac- tical training with complete blue print plans and specifications — same as used by superintendents and contractors. Over 46 years of experience in train- ing practical builders.
INCREASE YOUR INCOME
Hundreds have quickly advanced to fore- man, superintendent, inspector, estimator, contractor, with this Chicago Tech train- ing in Building. Your practical experi- ence aids your success. Get the technical training you need for promotion and in- creased income.
FREE
Blue Prints and Trial Lesson
Send today for Trial Lesson: "How to Read Blue Prints," and set of Blue Print Plans — sent to you Free. See for yourself how this Chicago Tech Course prepares you to earn more money, gives you the thorough knowledge of Building required for the higher-up jobs and higher pay. Don't delay. Mail the coupon today in an envelope or use a penny postcard.
CHICAGO TECHNICAL COLLEGE
TECH BLDG., 2000 SOUTH MICHIGAN AVE., CHICAGO 16, ILL.
Chicago Technical College
S-123 Tech Bldg., 2000 So. Michigan Ave.,
Chicago 16, Illinois
Mail me Free Blue Print Plans and Booklet: "How to Read Blue Prints" with information about how I can train at home.
Name Age
Address Occupation
City Zone State
When The Customer Says:
Sell them with confidence because you will be recommending; —the material that has been time-tested on thousands of
ceilings.
— the material that makes the most beautiful of all ceilings. — the material that produces true home-style ceilings. — the material that produces cracAproo/ trouble-free ceilings. — the material that produces long lasting ceilings. — the material you can apply without visible face nailing
with Upson Floating Fasteners. — the material that is widely advertised for re-covering
cracked ceilings. — the material which has the greatest sales appeal.
No material — not one — equals Upson Kuver-Krak Panels for re-covering cracked ceilings. For they are scientifically processed to an exclusive formula! Lami- nated! A full 5 plys thick! Pebbled surface pre-sized! They build profitable business through the years. For Instruction Sheets, see your lumber dealer or mail the coupon.
UPSON
KUVER-KRAK
MNELS
Easily identi^ed by the /amous BLU^
Only Upton PaneU can ba applied wUh Ihlt unlqus Upton Floot- Ing Fattoner. U anchor! panelt tacurely from the back. Eiiminatet vitible face nailing. DetJgned to compensate for normol ttruc- I tural movement.
THE UPSON COMPANY
43 1 2 Upion Point, Lockport, Now York
n Send me Instruction Sheets for application of Kuver-Krak Panels.
e call to give me more information on the cracked
NAME Of FIRM
STREn ADDRESS_ CITY
M-4 CURBS ARE DANGEROUS
AS THE winter season sets in, it is becoming increasingly clear that the government's restrictions on new construction are beginning to disrupt the building industry. Although a slump in construction is natural during the severe winter months, there are many indications that the present lethargy in the industry goes far deeper than seasonal causes would normally dictate. There is no machinery for gathering accurate statistics on unem- ployment in the construction industry. However, spot checks indicate that some sections of the Pacific Coast are comparatively hard hit. The eastern seaboard also has some areas in which the supply of building tradesmen is in excess of available jobs. The plain states and the Rocky Mountain area are beginning to feel the pinch here and there; this despite the fact that the full effect of the government's restrictions on building have not as yet begun to make themselves fully apparent since the curtailment program did not affect projects already under way. As major projects reach completion and restric- tions cut down on the start of new projects, the crippling effects of the ruling will reach their peak.
Known as Regulation M-4, the government's new restriction on building specifically prohibits the construction of some forty-five different kinds of structures. However, by its broadness, the order jeopardizes all types of build- ing. Regulation M-4 became operative October 27th, and was subsequently amended to delete one of the provisions under which the National Production Authority, administrative agency handling the regulation, could stop any con- struction project after it was started regardless of whether or not the project was forbidden at the time the regulation became effective.
In a sharp letter of protest to William H. Harrison, NPA administrator, Maurice A. Hutcheson, First General Vice-President, strongly urged suspen- sion of Piegulation M-4 until such time as the national security makes such restriction imperative. Reprinted herewith, is First General Vice-President Hutcheson's letter to the NPA head:
The Hon. William H. Harrison, Administrator National Production Authority Washington, D. C.
Dear Mr. Harrison:
This is to inform you that the officers and members of the organization which I represent are seriously concerned with the crippling effects which Regulation M-4 is imposing on the build- ing industry. Already the effects of Regulation M-4 are making themselves apparent in various sections of the nation. Building
THE CARPENTER
craftsmen whose skills and know-how form an essential part of our defense mechanism are already facing unemployment and distress in these areas. Should this unhappy state of affairs be- come widespread— and I am afraid it will if Regulation M-4 continues in effect much longer— many of them may be com- pelled by circumstances to seek livelihoods in other fields of endeavor. Whether or not it would be possible to recruit them back into the building industry in the event of a major national crisis is extremely dubious.
Understand that the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America places national security above all other con- siderations. Whatever sacrifices become necessary to insure the safety of the United States will be accepted by the members of the United Brotherhood not only willingly but proudly as well. However, in view of the existing situation, we deem Regulation M-4 not to be in the best interests of the nation at the present time.
Two facts lead us to this conclusion. First, as far as I have been able to ascertain, neither building materials nor building tradesmen are in particularly short supply. Second, end use control, upon which this regulation is primarily based, is neither effective nor advisable. If any building materials are becoming scarce, I believe the interests of the nation could best be served by control at the source through an allocation system that would earmark for defense purposes an adequate supply of each mate- rial. The remainder could then be made available to the building industry through normal channels. With what was available to it, the building industry could struggle along as best it could. Believe me, the industry is ingenious and the building trades- men are versatile. Through substitutes and shortcuts and rede- signing to supplement what material supplies existed, I am sure tlie industry could fulfill a major portion of the civilian demand as well as all the defense demand for building. To arbitrarily jeopardize much of civilian construction as a means of conserv- ing building materials— especially where no acute shortage ex- ists—seems extremely dangerous to me. If I felt the regulation was essential for national defense as of right now, I would be boosting it rather than opposing it. My only opposition to it now is that it is premature, and, therefore, dangerous.
It is no secret to you that the building industry is the second largest contributor to the wealth of our nation and the biggest employer of labor as well. My personal feeling is that a serious disruption of the building industry would inevitably lead to an economic crisis in spite of the immensity of any defense program which might be undertaken. Furthermore, I am firmly convinced that once the manpower of the building industry is dissipated (as well it might be through M-4) it can never again be assem- bled in time to meet any all-out war crisis.
THE CARPENTER
The contractors with whom I have discussed this matter are extremely perturbed. In addition to the normal hazards of con- tracting (which are not negligible) Regulation M-4 adds many imponderables which create a risk load that is more than any but the most venturesome and well-financed contractors can buck. You are well aware that contractors usually take on very sizable obligations long before any substantial construction work gets under way on a project. The provisions of Section 22.3 (c) and 22.3 (cl) seem to impose a tremendous risk on the average contractor. It is not unusual for a contractor to have made obli- gations for specially-cut steel, granite, marble, etc., as well as standard building materials such as lumber, hardware, etc., long before a shovelful of concrete is poured or a single nail driven. The definition of "commence work" as outlined in this section seems to make it entirely possible for a contractor to get stuck with these materials in the event new curbs on construction are ordered— a contingency that cannot be overlooked in view of the seriousness of the times. Under the circumstances, contractors, materials suppliers, as well as prospective builders, are all going to be extremely chary insofar as new commitments are concerned. The entire construction industry is bound to operate in a climate of uncertainty and suspicion so long as such a situation exists. With the restrictions on "frivolous" construction, I am not too much concerned. But with the inherent threat to all construc- tion contained in M-4 I am genuinely worried.
The main thing we are fighting to preserve is our free enter- prise system. To me it does not seem logical to abandon the free enterprise system in the construction industry before such a measure becomes absolutely imperative. Credit controls have al- ready slowed down house construction to a walk. If controls are to jeopardize civilian construction as well, the future for the industry looks very gloomy indeed.
I respectfully urge that you consider these facts seriously. I am sure that if you do you will reach the same conclusion that I have long since reached— namely, that M-4 is premature and dangerous so long as it exists in its present form. Again I want to assure you that national security outweighs all other consider- ations as far as the United Brotherhood is concerned. If an all-out war makes discontinuance of all civilian construction necessary, we will do the best we can under the circumstances. But in the meantime it seems unwise to me to disrupt the build- ing industry and possibly court disaster for the day when the in- dustry may mean the difference between victory and defeat.
Sincerely,
M. A. HUTCHESON,
First General Vice-President.
Just For The Record
• •
IT TOOK Potsdam, China, the Berhn Blockade, the Hiss case, and finally the war in Korea to awaken the nation to the menace of communism. Now that everyone finally understands how impossible it is to do business with international gangsters to whom integrity and honesty are only words in the dictionary, something is being done about communism. Measures are being adopted to check the insidious spread of communism at home through the nefarious, underhanded tactics which American communists have devel- oped for spreading hatred, confusion and misery. At the same time the nation is undeitaking the greatest peacetime mobilization in history to insure security against any attacks from communist forces abroad. At long last, the com- munist issue is being met head on and without any hedging. Stopping com- munism has become the major issue in Washington and Ottawa. Big wigs from all parties and all political faiths are knocking themselves out orating and fuming against the perils of communism.
That such unanimity against com- munism has been achieved is heart- ening. Howe\'er, many of the big wheels who are now so vociferously anti-communist are acting as if the communist menace is something new which tliey personally discovered. Unfortunately it is not. Communism has been an active force in America for thirty years. A way back in the Twenties, The Workers Party, a pseudonym behind which the com- munist party operated at that time, was actively sowing the seeds of dis- sension throughout the length and breadth of the land. The labor move- ment was its chief target then the same as it is today. Communist dis- rupters were sneaked into every possible union. It was during those turbulent years that the smear tactics and character assassination campaigns were worked out as standard strategy.
Year in and year out the labor un- ions of America bore the brunt of the communist attack. The Fosters and the Browders concentrated their efforts
on trying to smash the American unions, knowing full well that demo- cratic unionism constitutes the main bulwark against totalitarianism. That they did not succeed is a tribute to the astuteness and foresight of the men who led the international unions which compose the American Feder- ation of Labor.
Under the leadership of General President William L. Hutcheson, the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America has been a major thorn in the flesh of the Amer- ican communists. Year in and year out the United Brotherhood has met the communist issue head on without flinching or compromise. While others in high places in politics and business and even the government were apolo- gizing for and compromising with the communists, General President Hutch- eson was standing four-square for no apology and no compromise with the Reds, The years have proved who was right. While the apologists of the
THE CARPENTER
Twenties and Thirties are now cover- ing up their past mistakes with anti-communist oratory and agitation, General President Hutcheson and the United Brotherhood stand exactly where they stood twenty or thirty years ago — unalterably opposed to communism and all it stands for.
It is interesting to note a circular letter which the General Office mailed out to Local Unions and District Councils away back in 1926, At a meeting of the General Executive Board held December 10, 1925, the issue of communism came up for dis- cussion, as it had at many previous meetings. The Board on January 21, 1926, over the signatures of General President Hutcheson and General Sec- retary Duffy, mailed a circular letter to all Locals and Gouncils. Excerpts of that letter are herewith reprinted:
From time to time the General* Executive Board has warned our members against joining organizations whose policies and principles are an- tagonistic to the policies and princi- ples, rules and regulations of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, such as the Industrial Workers of the World; the One Big Union; the Trade Union Ed- ucational League and similar or kin- dred organizations.
Our conventions in the past have done likewise and fixed the penalty of expulsion for any member joining such organizations, or any member giving recognition, support, assistance or encouragement to any such organ- izations.
We now find there is a movement under way to disrupt our Local Un- ions through propaganda, pernicious, deceitful and untruthful, by the Workers Party of America, which in plain language is the Communist Party of America.
On August 4, 1925, the Daily ,_ Worker— the official organ of the
Workers (Communist) Party of Amer- ica, published a letter from the Ex- ecutive Committee of the Communist International, addressed to the Work- ers (Communist) Party of America, which is a section of the Communist International, in which it is stated that— Tt is of extreme importance to the life and growth of the Workers Party that its members as a whole realize better the necessity of more intensive work in the Labor Unions— the capture of leadership of the Labor Union masses is vitally necessary, not only for the Workers Party at the present time, but also for the ultimate victory of the revolutionary struggle. The capture of the Labor Unions is our first and foremost task:'
For this purpose the Workers (Communist) Party advocates:
That every Communist be a Union member.
To organize a Communist faction in every Union.
To make fights in elections for of- ficers of Unions and delegates to conventions.
At all conventions to introduce sys- tematic and well prepared campaigns against officers.
To resist expulsion from the Unions.
To arouse the masses to take up strikes and wage movements and to then skillfully utilize such movements for political ends.
To make use of independent, dual and rival unions.
To promote general discontent and hatred in contempt for the existing order of things, especially among the foreign bom.
A Communist elected or appointed to any official position in a Union is under strict control of the Communist organization and the immediate in- structions of the party faction of his Union.
I
10 THE CARPENTER
\Vliile our obligation guarantees to in the United Brotherhood of Carpen- everv' member no interference with ters and Joiners of America.
Particularh' interesting is the next
his political opinions, this matter is
not and caimot be considered a pohti- ^ . ^ ■, t . -.r^-^r- 1 ^ .^ Tf 1 «- to last paragraph. Away back m 1925 cal matter or a partv pohtical matter, , ^ ^ f-T ^.-r, jj , , ,, ^ .^ i a.1- the General Executive Board de- but on the contrary, an attempt on the , . j^i..i/^ -^.-n.^- . , ' . 11. termmed that the Communist rartv is part of the communists ^and then- ^^^ ^ ^^^.^.^^^ p^^^, ^^^ ^^^^^ ^ ^^^^
agencies to hamper and cripple labor ^^ ^^^ Kremlin. Had the government
Umons. YiSid equal foresight at the time, young
The General Executive Board here- Americans might not be spilling their
with clearly points out these facts and blood on frozen Korean mountain-
caUs attention to the antagonistic atti- sides today.
tude of the Communist International, That the nation has finally awak-
the Red International, the Workers ened to the communist peril is ex-
(Communist) Part>- of America and tremely gratifying. It is only too bad
the Trade Union Educational League that the voices of men like General
to our organization, and warns all President Hutcheson were ignored
members not join them or have any- thirty years ago when American labor
thing whatever to do with them or was standing o£F communism almost
similar kindred organizations under singlehandedly and crying in vain for
penalty of forfeiture of membership national support.
Prompt Action Can Still Book U. B. Films
Tele\'ision may be cutting down on attendance in motion picture theaters, but apparently it is having no effect on the popularity of the three movies produced by our Brotherhood. .AQ three Brotherhood films, "The Carpenter," "This Is Your Brotherhood" and "Carpenters Home" are being booked steadily for several months ahead. However, twent)' prints of each film are available for distribution to Locals, Councils and Auxiliaries; which means subordinate bodies can still make arrangements for showings of the films without too much difficult}- if they act promptly.
Lavish praise is being heaped on our Brotherhood's newest film, *TTie Carpenter," from all areas where it has been sho\\Ti. A fift>^-five minute film in color and sound, it shows the various skills Brotherhood members employ in the pursuit of their daily bread. "Carpenters Home" tells the story of the Lakeland home for aged members and the splendid care which old time members recei%-e there. "This Is Your Brotherhood" shows the General Office in action.
The films are booked out to Locals and Councils on a first come, first
served basis. Therefore it is ad\-isable for all subordinate bodies contemplat- ing showing the films to contact the General Office immediately regarding a booking. Ever\^ effort will be made to meet all requests. Howe\^er, the earher requests are made for a definite date the better will be the chances of securing the desired film or films for that particular date. Interested Locals or Councils should contact First General Vice-President M. A. Hutcheson, 222 E. Michi- gan St., Indianapolis, Ind., for complete information.
11
DESIGNED FOR EFFICIENCY
* * *
IF THERE were a book-of-the-year award for labor publications, there is little doubt but that the Standard Apprenticeship Training Course, compiled by the United Brotherhood, would be the leading candidate for the 1950 award. Response to the Brotherhood's announcement of release of the course has been tremendous in both size and enthusiasm. School au- thorities, state and federal apprenticeship officials, as well as union officials in all branches of the labor movement, have placed their stamp of approval on the course. Many letters of commendation and congratulation have been received by the General Office. The general consensus of opinion seems to be that the training course compiled by the Brotherhood is the most compre- sensive, thorough and understandable yet worked up by a labor organization.
At the Twenty-sixth General Con- _^
vention held in Cincinnati last Sep- tember, a copy of the training course was handed to each delegate. Since that time, many localities have adopt- ed the Brotherhood Apprenticeship Training Course as the standard cur- riculum for their apprenticeship train- ing programs. Many other sections have the matter under consideration, and new inquiries are being received almost every day.
; The first thing the Standard Ap- prenticeship Training Course does is set up standards which a training pro- gram should meet if it is to accom- plish its goal of turning out qualified craftsmen. It outlines the things which must be done to get appren- ticeship training under way in any locality. It offers a standard progress chart upon which the advancement of a trainee in both classroom instruction and work experience can be recorded, and many other standard forms which are designed to insure maximum ef- ficiency in the operation of an appren- ticeship program.
The Brotherhood Apprenticeship Training Course breaks the trade of
carpentry down into twelve sub-divi- sions. They are:
1. Tools, Materials, Ethics and History of the Trade.
2. Foundations.
3. Rough Framing.
4. Exterior Finish.
5. Roof Framing.
6. Interior Finish.
7. Stair Building.
8. Cabinet Making (Mill).
9. Mill Work.
10. Heavy Timber Construction.
11. Reinforced Concrete Form Construction.
12. Blueprint Reading and Esti- mating.
Each of these sub-divisions is thor- oughly covered in one unit of the course. Each unit is published as a separate booklet although all units can be combined in an efficient ring- binder set of hard co\ers. In each unit of instruction, the subject matter is covered concisely, thoroughly and in such a way as to be understandable
12
THE CARPENTER
to anyone who can read. Illustrations are numerous and are drawn in such a way that each point is made crystal clear. The course eliminates the necessity' of looking through a great mass of useless falderal to find a grain of useful information — a weakness most textbooks on carpentry possess. The terms used are the simple.. ever\-- day terms which carpenters have used
ence to give the apprentice the sort of well-balanced training that he must have before he can become a top notch journeyman.
The Standard Apprenticeship Train- ing Course is the fruit of four years of hard work by the Brotherhood Ap- prenticeship Committee. Ever since it came into existence in 1881 the United Brotherhood has been interested in
for many years and which the appren- tice wdll run into when he goes out onto the job as a journeyman.
In addition to the textbook units which the apprentice must stud\-. the course also contains an Instructor's Manual which is helpful to instructors in laying out their teaching programs in such a wa>" as to achie\'e maximum efficiency. This Instructor's Manual also offers teachers valuable informa- tion as to how classroom teaching can best be integrated with work experi-
the proper training of young men to follow the trade of carpentn.'. .Almost from the beginning Brotherhood unions in various localities ha\'e strug- gled with apprenticeship training pro- grams. Some have been good, some have been not so good, and a few even have been busts. Consequently, the need for standardization on a con- cise, efficient program has grown year by year.
The Twent}'-fifth General Con\-en- tion held in Lakeland in 1946 took up
THE CARPENTER
13
the matter of apprenticeship training in dead earnestness. As a result, the General Office was directed to set up a standing committee to work out a complete apprenticeship training pro- gram capable of meeting the growing needs for standardization. First Gen- eral Vice-President Maurice A. Hutch- eson, chairman of the committee, appointed Brothers Asgar Andrup, Lo- cal Union No. 181, Chicago; Leo Gable, Local Union No. 710, Long Beach; John McMahon, Local Union No. 9, BuflFalo, and Carl J. Schwarzer, Local Union No. 1108, Cleveland, to assist him in working out the program.
For several years the committee wrestled with the problem. Text books on carpentry were studied and other training programs were an- alyzed. Good points were adopted here and bad points were eliminated there. After a great deal of hard work the committee began assembling a training program that combines the best points of all other programs and eliminates the weaknesses that expe- rience has uncovered. The result is the Standard Apprenticeship Training Course, which many experts consider a jnodel of efficiency and clarity.
The first seven units of instruction were completed in time for the Twenty-sixth General Convention last September. These now are ready for distribution, and thousands already have been ordered by local unions and district councils. The remaining five units, which deal with the ad- vanced phases of the trade, are in the process of being compiled. As soon as they are completed they will be made available to all subordinate bodies. Since each unit is published as a sepa- rate booklet, the five units as yet uncompleted can easily be added to the first seven in the hard cover ring binder which is supplied with the
course. One of the advantages of this system is that units can be ordered individually so that unions can order exactly what they need rather than being required to order the whole course for each trainee, regardless of his status.
Copies of the Course were recently presented to the Provincial Directors of Apprenticeship and also the Re- gional Directors of Vocational Train- ing in Canada by the General Office. The presentation was made at a joint conference in Ottawa on No\ember 1st by a Representative of the Broth- erhood who explained the purpose and objective of the Course and sug- gested that it be used as the basic course of training and the text for all apprentices in carpentry in Canada.
The suggestion was wholeheartedly concurred in by the Directors of Ap- prenticeship, some of whom termed the Course the greatest contribution ever made by a trade union toward the training of apprentices, and rec- ommendations to that effect will be made to the respective Provincial Ap- prenticeship Boards. This has already been done by the Local Advisory Committees to the Apprenticeship Board in Alberta, and without doubt the Course will soon be adopted as the basis for training all carpentry apprentices in Canada.
In the United States, many locali- ties have already adopted the Broth- erhood Course and are now in the process of switching over to it from their old courses. Local unions and district councils interested in securing full information about the Brother- hood Course should write to:
Maurice A. Hutcheson,
First General Vice-President, 222 E. Michigan Street Indianapolis 4, Indiana.
Scri D
UNWELCOME GUEST
A man who wrote a weekly column for a newspaper had a brother-in-law who ar- rived for a week-end visit— and remained for six months. The journalist finally hit on a plan to get rid of the pest.
"Tonight at dinner," he told his wife, "I'll say that my column was especially good today. You will disagree and say that it was terrible. We'll then ask your brother for his opinion. If he agrees with me, youll order him from tlie house. If he agrees with you, I'll order him from the house. So in either case, well be rid of him."
"I thought my column was prett>' good today," he said.
"You're crazy," retorted his wife. "It was terrible."
She turned to her brotlier. "What do you think, John?" she asked.
The guest shrugged. "I don't know any- thing about it," he obser.'ed placidly. "I'm staging fovir more weeks."
After last month's election, it seems to us that the Taft-Hartley law is going to be like tlie brodier-in-law— it is going to be with us for a while longer.
"Daddy just told me about the bees and the flowers! . . The drones are in clover cause the workers ain't organized!"
A PRIZE ESSAY
A Httle boy's essay on geese:
"A geese is a low, heavy-set boid wliich is mostly meet and feathers. His head sits on one side and he sits on tlie other. A geese can't sing much on account of damp- ness of the moisture. He ain't got no between-his-toes and he's got a httle bal- loon on his stomach to keep him from sink- ing. Some gooses when they gits big has curls on their tails and is called ganders. Ganders don't haff to sit and hatch, but just eat and loaf and go swimming. If I was a goose, I'd rather be a gander."
* * •
RUSSIAN FREE ENTERPRISE
The Hat Worker, official organ of Hat- ters, Cap and Millinery \\'orkers Union, blasts the "vicious, capitalistic propaganda" that there is no opportunit>' for an ordinary citizen to go into business for himself in Riossia. A representative of the Hat Workers tells of an interview with a Russian es- capee who worked in a Russian cap factory.
Asked if one is allowed to go into busi- ness for himself in Russia, the ex-cap maker from behind the Iron Curtain replied: "Well, I once knew a man who started making shirts. When he had used up all his wife's bed sheets and pillow cases he stopped making shirts."
• • •
^^'E KNOW IT IS TRUE
"Bright Eyes Indicate Curiosity" says a' character analysis colmnnist in a daily pa- per. What he failed to add is that black eyes indicate too much of it.
* • • SO SAYS PAUP
"A chaperone," says Joe Paup who tliinks himself a wit and is half right, "is an old maid who never got on the first team but still wants to intercept a few passes."
• • * NO GREAT LOSS
Recendy a mascufine-looldng old woman, wearing baggy slacks and a man's hat, walked into a Texas telegraph office and sent the following wire to her brother down on the farm: "My husband died this morn- ing. Loss fully covered by insurance."
THE CARPENTER
15
WHAT IS A BOY?
(Author unknown)
Between tlie innocence of babyhood and the dignity of manliood we find a delight- ful creature called a boy. Boys come in assorted sizes, weights, and colors, but all boys have tlie same creed: To enjoy every second of every minute of every hour of every day and to protest with noise (their only weapon) when their last minute is fin- ished and the adult males pack them off to bed at night.
Boys are found everywhere— on top of, underneath, inside of, climbing on, swing- ing from, running around, or jumping to. Mothers love them, little girls hate them, older sisters and brothers tolerate them, adults ignore them, and Heaven protects them. A boy is Truth with dirt on its face. Beauty with a cut on its finger. Wisdom with bubble gum in its hair, and the Hope of the future with a frog in its pocket. When you are busy, a boy is an inconsiderate, bothersome, intruding jangle of noise. When you want him to make a good impression, his brain turns to jelly or else he becomes a savage, sadistic, jungle creature bent on destroying the world and himself with it.
A boy is a composite— he has the appetite of a horse, tlie digestion of a sword swal- lower, the energy of a pocket-size atomic bomb, tlie curiosity of a cat, the lungs of a dictator, the imagination of a Paul Bunyan, tlie shyness of a violet, the audacity of a steel trap, tlie enthusiasm of a firecracker, and when he makes something he has five thumbs on each hand.
He likes ice cream, knives, saws, Christ- mas, comic books, the boy across the street, woods, water (in its natural habitat), large animals, Dad, trains, Saturday mornings, and fire engines. He is not much for Sun- day School, company, schools, books with- out pictures, music lessons, neckties, bar- bers, girls, overcoats, adults, or bedtime.
Nobody else is so early to rise, or so late to supper. Nobody else gets so much fun out of trees, dogs, and breezes. Nobody else can cram into one pocket a rusty knife, a half-eaten apple, 3 feet of string, an empty Bull Durham sack, 2 gum drops, 6 cents, a slingshot, a chunk of unknown sub- stance, and a genuine super-sonic code ring with a secret compartment.
A boy is a magical creature— you can lock him out of your work shop, but you can't lock him out of your heart. You can get him out of your study, but you can't get him out of your mind. Might as well
give up he is your captor, your jailer,
your boss, and your master— a freckled-face.
pint-sized cat-chasing bundle of noise. But when you come home at night with only the shattered pieces of your hopes and dreams, he can mend them like new with the two magic words— "Hi, Dad!"
• * *
HARD TO UNDERSTAND
With tlie entrance of Chinese Communist troops into the Korean war, the situation has become thoroughly confused. What the ultimate results will be, no one can prophesy with any degree of certainty. The Orien- tal mind has always been an enigma to the western world— as a great humorist found out on a trip to the Far East.
Walking with a native guide on the out- skirts of Shanghai, the late George Ade found his passage impeded by the passing of a long and solemn procession. A mourn- ful chant, broken by tlie intermittent clangor of kettle-drums, tom-toms, and cymbals, moved Ade to uncover and bow his head, and stand solemn and silent until the march- ers were gone.
"Buddha?" the American author inquired of his guide, when the procession had dis- appeared.
The guide stared back, unspealdng.
"Confucius?" Ade asked.
"I do not understand," the guide replied.
"Was not that a funeral?" the Hoosier inquired.
The guide grinned.
"No funeral," he replied; "toothpaste ad- vertisement."
t
(g) 1950 <^<- $r-4*in^'r2
"Sure it's a grindstone! When a work- ing man loses an election bet, that's the payoff r
THE LOCKER
By JOHN HART, Local Union 366, New York, N. Y.
No advanced knowledge of trigonometry or integral calculus is required to answer these questions. All you need is a sixth grade certificate and a clear head. This is a good chance to find out who's the brightest in the family. If you want to make a contest of it each one should write the answers on his own paper. When all have finished the answers will be found on the next page.
1. A number of small cubes are OABC is a rectangle. How long is glued together to form this large cube, the line AC? If each adjoining side is glued, then ^^^^ a -"-^^^^^ «
the total number of glued faces is how many?
(D
|
^ |
^ |
' y y y — ti |
||
|
y^ y y y y\ \ |
||||
|
' y y y |
y y |
|||
|
^^^ y y |
y" |
y ^ y y |
||
|
y y y y |
||||
|
V |
2. An illiterate painter painted this sign, copying in his own way an in- scription written by an innkeeper. Can you read it?
(D
ORE STABJT FORTI
SAR AREP LACET
ORESTAT
3. What 3 of these numbers total fifty?
E
\5 I ^T I
Ci X
. RSI 3
Vi,
^_ I V I K I JJ
rCTl I Y I Z IWTB
4. This is easy too. What 3 of these letters spell an English word mean- ing twisted?
5. Common reasoning rather than geometry is involved here. O is the center of a circle 18 ins. in diameter.
6. How many F's in this sentence? French foods are famous and are the result of scientific experiment com- bined with years of informal experi-
ence.
|
/ |
- |
\ |
1 |
||
|
\ |
|||||
|
\ |
— |
r |
7 |
||
|
i |
\ |
|
7 |
/ |
- |
— |
\ |
|
|
\ |
|||||
|
1 |
\ |
\, |
1 |
B
®
7. Which of the figures B, C, D, is constructed similar to A?
;:&:;
^l^v:^
®
:-.c:.:/
vm
®
8. Which of the figures B, C, D, E, F, can be put together to form the figure A?
9. Which of these pieces if fitted] together would form an outline simi- lar to A?
THE CARPENTER
17
®
1 ^
10. 10 matches fonn this house. The gable faces right. Pick up 2 matches and relay them to show the gable fac- ing left.
■ I
—^—m^. __^_ i^aM_-
11. How many squares and oblongs can you find in this figure? Bet you're wrong.
1.
2.
ANSWERS TO "THE LOCKER'
288. Altogether there are 64 cubes. 6 faces to each. 384 faces. Only the outside faces are unglued. These total 6x16 = 96. Subtract this from the total faces (384) and you get the an- swer. That tlie way you did it?
O REST A BIT FOR 'TIS A RARE PLACE TO REST AT. We have heard there is such a sign outside an inn in England. If the innkeeper sells a beer every time a question is asked about it he should be doing nicely.
3. 6, 25, 19. You shouldn't have had much trouble with tliat.
4. Wry. Some people get stuck on that one.
5. 9 inches. If the diagonal were drawn the opposite way from O to B it would be readily seen that it is the radius of the circle. So if OB equals 9 inches then AC must be 9 inches also.
6. 7 F's. Some people make it 5.
7. B. .
8. C and D.
9. C and F. 7, 8 and 9 used to be Army tests for aptitude in visual ability and form recognition. Not a very severe test you'll admit.
10. Pick up 3 and 4. Lay 3 down directly over 9 to form the eave. Lay 4 paired up with 2 to form the gable.
11. 51. Here's a practical way to do this. 1x1 squares ...1x2. ..1x3... 1x4. ..2x2. ..2x3. ..2x4... Total 51.
NOTE: Some of these problems are hoary with age. It's hard to explain where they originated. They go in for tliis sort of stuflF qxiite a lot in England. Very likely tliat's where most of them come from.
NEW LOCALS CHARTERED
2347 2349 2358 2360 2361 2363 2365 2366 2372 2382 2387 2388 2392
Algoma, Wis. 2394
Socorro, N. Mex. 2399 Kansas City, Mo. . 2402
Columbia, Tenn. 2403
Roscommon, Mich. 2411
Denver, Colo. 2412
Detroit, Mich. 2413
Berry's Mills, N. B., Can. 2418
Monticello, Sullivan Co., N. Y. 2590
Spokane, Wash. 2595
Williamsport, Penn. 2596
Newark, N. J. 2987
Cadillac, Mich. 2598
Philadelphia, Penn. Durham, N. C. Wickenburg, Ariz. Richland, Wash. Jasksonville, Fla. Qualicum, B. C, Can. Glenwood Springs, Colo. Thomasville, Ga. Bieme, Ark. Asheville, N. C. Georgetown, S. C. Ludington, Mich. Georgetown, S. C.
Official Information
General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS
of AMERICA
Qejteeal Office : Carpenters' Bnilding, Indianapolis, Ind.
Geneeal President
WM. L. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Bnilding, Indianapolis, Ind.
First Geneeal Vice-Peesident
M. A. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Acting Seceetaet
ALBERT E. FISCHER
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolla, Ind.
Second General Vice-President JOHN R. STEVENSON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Treascebr
S. P. MEADOWS
Carpenters' Building. Indianapolis, Ind.
General Executive Board
First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, JR. Ill E. 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y.
Fifth District, R. E. ROBEBTS 3819 Cuming St., Omaha, Nebr.
Second District. O. WM. BLAIBB 933 E. Magee, Philadelphia 11, Pa.
Sixth District, A. W. MUIB Box 1168, Santa Barbara, Calif.
Third District. HARRY SCHWARZEB 1248 Walnut Ave., Cleveland, O.
Seventh District
Fourth District. ROLAND ADAMS 712 West Palmetto St., Florence, S. C.
WM. L. HUTCHESON. Chairman ALBERT E. FISCHER, Acting Secretary
All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the Acting Secretary
REPORT OF THE DELEGATES TO THE SIXTY-^j
NINTH ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR
To the General E.xecutive Board:
The SLxty-ninth Annual Convention of the .American Federation of Labor was held in Houston, Te.xas, in tlie City' Auditorium, beginning September 18, 1930 and lasting six days.
The record of the Convention shows 572 delegates as follows:
I
|
Number of Unions |
Name |
Number of Delegates |
Number of Votes |
|
94 4 |
National and International Unions Departments _ _ - |
366 4 38 122 39 3 572 |
66,872 4 |
|
38 |
State Branches _ |
38 |
|
|
122 43 2 |
Central Labor Unions Local Trade and Federal Labor Unions — Fraternal Organizations |
122 361 3 |
|
|
303 |
67,400 |
I
r
I
I
I
THE CARPENTER 19
The report of the Executive Council sets forth, in part the following: The past year has been one of unusual tensions due to our realization that an impla- cable foe of our way of life was constantly plotting and contriving to gain an advantage over the nations that were honestly trying to lix-e up to agreements. Repeated incidents of temtonal aggression through trickery and the use of Communist emissaries, trained in re^ olution and tlie corruption of nationals, has kept the world uneasily conscious that no secunty existed through the United Nations, through peaceful conference or through treaty.
The same undercurrents of uncertainty and apprehension characterized our economic and pohtical life. We have continuously felt the need to be on the defensive to protect our institutions and almost afraid to let them operate normally for fear any readjustment may be interpreted to mean breakdown. The situation forces many expenditures when economies would be the part of wisdom.
Yet, in spite of these unfa^•orable facts, there has been wholesome progress in our trade union movement. Our fundamental principles have witlistood additional tests and many more have come to share our behef that our problems are fundamentallv economic and are best dealt witli tlirough collective bargaining. We have releamed the 'lesson that vv-hat law-makers may give, tliey may also take away.
We grow increasingly restive under tlie Taft-Hartley Act and of the continued failure of Congress to give us rehef from provisions of a law which prevents unions from per- forming normal and necessarj' functions and imposes provisions which the administrators cannot apply. The Taft-Hartley law is repressive, not constructive and energizing.
CHARTERS ISSUED
During the twelve months ending August 31, 1950, there have been issued 170 charters to central, local trade and federal labor unions; of this number, 15 were issued to the following central bodies:
Arizona, Yanapai; California, Sacramento; Colorado, Carson City, Duxango, Los Animas County; Ilhnois, Salem; Indiana, Columbus; Iowa, Iowa City; Missoiui, Jefferson Count\'; Montana, Whitefish; Xev/ Jersey, Dover, Salem County; Nortli Dakota, WiUiston; Oregon^ Grants Pass & Vicinity; Wisconsin, Park Falls.
The following is a statement showing the number of charters issued during the twelve months of this fiscal year:
1949-1950
Central Labor Unions 15
Local Trade Unions 102
Federal Labor Unions 53
Total 170
RESTORATION OF CIL\RTER AND CHANGE OF TITLE INTERNATIONAL METAL ENGRAVERS UNION
The Committee concurs in the recommendation of the Council that the charter be re- stored and the name of the organization be changed to:
International Metal Engravers and Marking Device '\\'orkers Union.
There is no problem of jurisdiction involved.
Your Conunittee would note that year after year we report tlie establishment of new unions, the merging of others, and at times, the dechne or disassociation of a union.
Your Committee beHeves that there is more involved in the changes than merely the establishment of "a new union."
The growtli of our movement indicates a gro^^iil, a change of our nation; a manifesta- tion of significant social and economic trends. These trends merit our study as much as tlie events command our attention.
Your committee recommends that the Research Department of the American Federa- tion of Labor be instructed to prepare for the Executive Council a study of the economic and social trends involved in tlie growtli and change of membership of the American Fed- eration of Labor itself, and changes envisaged which are Hkely to affect the whole func- tional structure of tlie whole labor mo\-ement.
Committee Secretar>' Borchardt mo\ed the adoption of this section of the committee's report.
The motion was seconded and unanimously carried.
20
THE CARPENTER
The following is the yearly membership in the past 54 years:
Year Membership
1897 264,825
1898 278,016
1899 349,422
1900 548,321
1901 787,537
1902 1.024,399
1903 1,465,800
1904 1,576,200
1905 1,494,300
1906 1,454.200
1907 1,538,970
1908 1,586,885
1909 1,482,872
1910 1,562,112
1911 1,761,835
1912_: 1,770,145
1913 1,996,004
1914 2,020,671
1915 1,946,347
1916 2,072.702
1917 2,371,434
1918 2,726,478
1919 3,260.068
1920 4,078,740
1921 3,906.528
1922 3,195,635
1923 2,926,468
Year Membership
1924 2,865,799
1925 2,877,297
1926 2,803,966
1927 2.812.526
1928 2,896,063
1929 2,933,545
1930 2,961,096
1931 2.889,550
1932 2,532,261
1933 2,126,796
1934 2.608,011
1935 3.045,347
1936 3,422,398
1937 2.860,933
1938 3,623,087
1939 4,006,354
1940 4,247,443
1941 4,569,056
1942 5,482,581
1943 6,564,141
1944 6,806,913
1945 6,931,221
1946 7,151,808
1947 7,577,716
1948 7,220,531
1949 7,241,290
1950 7,142,603
The report of the Executive Council to the 69th Annual Convention consists of 228 pages; is large in scope, covering every phase of the labor movement, such as:
Gompers Centenary.
National and State Legislation.
Taxation.
U. S. Government Employees.
Minimum Wage Law.
Mai^time.
International Labor Organization.
Physically Handicapped.
School Health Program.
Housing.
Developments in Social Security.
Unemployment Compensation.
Educational Legislation.
Public Relations and the Labor Press.
RESOLUTIONS
Within the meaning of Section 3, Article 6 of the A. F. of L. Constitution there were submitted 54 resolutions— by consent of the Convention 74 additional resolutions were presented, making a total of 128 resolutions. Most of these resolutions were handled by the Resolution Committee and acted on by the Convention.
The resolutions covered varied subjects, such as:
Taft-Hartley Law. Price and Wage Control. Social Security'. Adequate Tariff. Taxes.
THE CARPENTER 21
United Nations.
Condemning Stockholm Peace Petition.
Displaced Persons.
Election Day.
Unemployment Law.
Military Encroachment.
American Copyright Law.
State Federations.
Anti Poll Tax.
Public Relations, Radio and the Labor Press.
BENEFITS
Benefit services of National and International Unions reported for the year of 1949 amounts to $67,170,322.72.
LABOR'S LEAGUE FOR POLITICAL EDUCATION
A session was devoted to the reports on tlie work of the League.
Senator Wayne Morse was the special guest speaker. Vice-president Barkley and Sena- tor Paul Douglas of Illinois were scheduled to address the Convention; however they were detained by legislative pressure in Washington.
Administratively Secretary Meany reported on the funds collected for Educational and Political Funds, as well as to the large scale Public Relations and Education activities of the League.
Director Keenan gave a political analysis— state by state. His report was very concise and positive, despite certain setbacks in recent elections.
Presidential Aide Averell Harriman gave a very forceful and convincing address during the Convention and which has direct relations with the League's activities, i.e., "It is the responsibility of every American to vote."
Likewise, Senator Morse's remarks were very timely— particularly as to the various ramifications under the cover of Taft-Hartley Act.
Th.e selection of the Convention City for the 1951 Convention was referred to the Executive Council.
Fraternal Delegates— Selection was left to the Executive Council.
The officers elected for the ensuing term are as follows:
President— William Green
Secretary-Treasurer— George Meany
Vice President and Members of the Executive Council 1 Wm. L. Hutcheson
|
2 |
Matthew WoU |
|
|
3 |
Joseph N. Weber |
|
|
4 |
George N. Harrison |
|
|
5 |
Daniel J. Tobin |
|
|
6 |
Harry C. Bates |
|
|
7 |
Wm. C. Berthright |
|
|
8 |
Wm. C. Doherty |
|
|
9 |
David Dubinsky |
|
|
10 |
Charles J. McGowan |
|
|
11 |
Herman Winter |
|
|
12 |
Daniel W. Tracy |
|
|
13 |
Wm. L. McFetridge |
Respectfully submitted, Wm. L. Hutcheson, M. A. Hutcheson, Frank Duffy, Charles W. Hanson, Mike J. Sexton, Al J. Maier, Thomas Hogan, Earl Hartley, |
Delegates.
22 THE CARPENTER
Report of the Delegates to the Forty-third Annual Convention of the Building and Construction Trades Depart- ment of the American Federation of Labor
To the General Executive Board: Greetings:
The Forty-third Annual Convention of the Building and Construction Trades Depart- ment of the American Federation of Labor convened in the ballroom of the Rice Hotel, Houston, Texas, beginning September 25, 1930. Xinety-two delegates were present from nineteen International Unions afBliated.
The President of the Department made a very lengthy and comprehensive report, which, in part, is as follows:
In the year which has passed since I made my last report the Department has been called upon to meet many situations which have challenged our ex"perience and abihties to the full. The obstacles which have been placed in the way of building and construc- tion trades unions by the Taft-Hartley Act have forced us to abandon most of oiu: time- tested practices and techniques, and to develop new ways of handhng our relationships with our employers, and witli each odier. I have done my best to keep infonned at all times as to the effects the law was having on building and construction trades unions, and to attempt to determine how best we could operate to avoid the destruction of our organi- zation, which was so obviously the purpose of the men who wrote the law. That we have not yet felt to the full the effects of the law is due in large part, I beheve, to the fact that the building and construction industry has been operating at an all time high level of activity, and even tlie most persistently anti-union employers are unwilling to risk the delays involved in invoking the law.
The report continues in more detail on the developments of the year.
ECONOMIC SITUATION OF THE INDUSTRY
A year ago we were concerned primarily with the problems involved in readjustment from the period of inflation which followed immediately tlie close of the war. At that time the Departments of Commerce and Labor were predicting that the volume of construc- tion in 1950, measured either in dollar or physical volume, would just about equal that of 1949. That prediction now, at the end of June, appears much too modest. In the first six months of this year total new construction was up 17 per cent in dollar volume in com- parison with the first six months of 1949. Nor has private construction declined, as was expected. The dollar \'olume of private construction on the contrary went up by 20 per cent in the first half of the year, in comparison with the same period a year ago, while residential building rose by 48 per cent in the same period. It was this unexpected and spectacular rise in housing during tlie last half of 1949 and the first half of 1950 which has in large part been responsible for tlie all-time high level of activity in the building and construction industry'. Indications are that the remainder of this year will be equally good as far as housing is concerned, although emergency and war needs may cause a fall- ing off in the last months of the year. Well over a half-million non-farm housing starts were made in the first six months of 1950, in comparison to the 449,050 units started in the first half of 1949. During 1949 housing starts numbered 1,025,100. This record is verj- impressive, but it must not be taken as an indication that the housing shortage is at an end. The best estimates available are that the housing needs of the country' can be met only if 1,500,000 units are put under construction each year for the next ten years.
All our judgments and estimates of the future are, of course, profoundly modified and changed by the plunge into a defense and war economy which occurred with the Com- munist invasion of South Korea in late June. There was no immediate effect on housing starts, which totaled 144,000 in July, the highest figure ever reached. It is certain, ho\^'- ever, that before many months material shortages will appear, and increased material prices will result in a faUing off of civiHan construction. Even before the invasion of Korea an exceedingly rapid rise in building material prices was evident. The index of wholesale prices, for example, had jumped from 285.2 in December, 1949, to 310.8 in early June and by the end of that month the)- had reached an all-time high. The wholesale price index of all building materials in June, 1950, was 6 per cent abo^■e diat of June, 1949, and stood at 202.6. By August 8 of this year, it had gone up to 212.7.
I
THE CARPENTER 23
As costs of construction increase, eflForts are again being made to place much of the blame for the increase on labor. That this is false is shown by the recorded increase in hourly wage rates and in weekly earnings of building tradesmen. In the first six months of this year union wage scales of building trades workers, according to studies mad(> by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, advanced by only 2.8 per cent, and between July 1, 1949, and July 1, 1950, the increase in union wage scales was only 4 per cent, approximately the same as the increase for the year between July 1, 1948, and July 1, 1949. Average weekly earnings of building tradesmen on contract construction in May of this year were $73.60. While employment has certainly been steadier in the past year than has been customary in our industry, it is still true that much time has been lost by most building tradesmen because of weather and other interruptions of the work. Judged on the com- parison of the increase in hourly wage rates of union building tradesmen and the con- sumers' price index of the Department of Labor, building tradesmen have hardly been able to hold their own, and the inflation which began immediately after the invasion of Korea has seriously worsened their position.
There is no doubt that the man-hour productivity of building tradesmen has increased very greatly during the past year. Some estimates are that it has increased by as much as 25 per cent in some localities, and there is general agreement that it has been noteworthy in all parts of the country. Comparison of the total volume of construction, of the average hours of work, and of the average number of men employed in construction show that a greater volume of work was turned out in the past year by fewer workers, on a shorter average work week. While this is not an accurate measure of the amount by which man- hotiT productivity has increased, it is proof that such an increase has taken place. If material shortages again become serious, as now seems very probable, there is danger that man-hour productivity may again decline.
On the whole we can look back at the past year with pride, and forward to tlie coming year with the conviction that we are prepared, as we have always been in the past, to bear the full measure of our responsibility in the crisis which our country faces.
APPRENTICE TRAINING PROGRAM
The apprenticeship program in our industry slowed down somewhat during the past year. There was, however, a gradual increase in the number of joint apprenticeship com- mittees. As of December 31, 1949, there was a total of 3,244 joint apprenticeship com- mittees in the building trades. As of March 1, 1950, the best estimates we were able to secure indicated a total of close to 130,000 apprentices, both registered and unregistered, in training in the various trades. The Bureau of Apprenticeship anticipated, in January of this year, that some 36,000 craftsmen viall be added to the skilled labor force in the building and construction industry in 1950. Basing tlieir estimates on the date of entry into apprenticeship, and on a later check of those who had continued in training, the Bureau said that 13,344 carpenters' apprentices will complete their training this year, with an additional 1,913 in cabinet making; the second largest number of completions will be in the electrical trades, with a total of 6,540; in the brick, stone and tile-lajdng trades, 3,533 apprentices are expected to complete their training; in the plumbing and pipefitting trades, 3,415; in sheet metal, 3,007; in painting; 1,815; in plastering, 1,494. These figures are a categorical answer to the critics of building and construction trades unions on the ground that they have failed to develop apprentice training as rapidly as possible.
JURISDICTIONAL DISPUTES
When I submitted my report last year on the National Joint Plan for the Settlement of Jurisdictional Disputes, revisions of the original Plan had been approved by tlie Executive Council of the Department for submission to our Forty-second Annual Convention. The representatives of the contractors' associations participating in the Plan had also accepted the proposed revisions.
The changes in the Plan were approved by the Convention and went into efiFect on October 1, 1949. The revised Plan is to remain in efiFect until December 31st of this year, and each year thereafter unless it is terminated by one of the parties to the Plan. Notice in writing of a desire for change, or for termination of the Plan, is to be given at least thirty days prior to the 31st of December of any year subsequent to 1949. The Plan may, of course, be changed or ended at any time by mutual consent.
(Continued on page 27)
Editorial
llill!i!lilll!l!iliil!il|iiii
We Can Defeat Ourselves Through Taxes
Probably by the time these words reach print Congress will be working on a new tax bill since digging up enough revenue to pay the cost of the Korean War is one of the most pressing problems of the moment. That any- new tax bill will hurt goes without saving in view of the tremendous squeeze which steadily mounting prices are exerting on the average wage earner. Most people already are finding it hard to make ends meet; any additional tax burden will necessitate a lower standard of li\"ing for most of us in spite of anything we can do. Howe\-er, if our tax dollars can pre\'ent a major war and protect us from the menace of communism, nearly any price wHL be a cheap one to pay.
On the other hand, it is time that the nation faced the fact that unbridled taxation can sap the vitality of a country and lead it to complete disintegration as fast as any other one thing. Histor}' is replete with examples of empires that crumbled under unbearable tax loads. It is not beyond the realm of possibilit}' for communism to gain the ultimate victory by bleeding our nation dry tlirough taxes made necessary' by cold wars and threats of hot ones. In fact there are those experts who already are convinced precisely that is the Kremlin's present game.
It is time that all of us understood the tax situation thoroughly. As of now, the average American is paying out something like twent\'-eight cents out of e\er\- dollar he earns in taxes. Put another way, you and I are working three and a l^alf months out of each }-ear to keep oiurseh'es governed at the local, state and national level. Breaking it down on a weekly basis, each of us con- tributes better than ele\'en hours of his weekly earnings (based on a forty- hour week) to keep the municipal, state and federal governments going. Some taxes we pay in the form of witliholding tax, some we pay as state income taxes or gasoline taxes or tobacco taxes. These are the taxes we are aware of. But there are many others we are not aware of. For example, we pay through J'| higher prices for merchandise all taxes which are le\'ied on corporations. The corporations ha\'e to make a profit if tlie>' want to stay in business, ^^^hene^■er the government slaps a tax on them, they pass it along to the consumer by adding it into the prices they charge. In the end, you and I pay the tax.
Howe\'er, despite the large slice go\"emment is now taking out of our earnings, the revenue obtained thereby is not enough. Congress must imme- diately devise ways and means of raising more money. The only way the government can raise money is through more taxation. Whether we like it or not more taxes are coming. The only alternative most of us ha\'e will be to cinch up our belts another notch.
THE CARPENTER 25
In drawing up the new tax bill, Congress ought to bear two things in mind. First, cutting expenses is the equivalent of taking in more money. All non- essential spending should be pared to the bone. Second, ability to pay should be given top consideration. It is elementary that those who have most can pay most without suffering.
However, there are many indications that the new Congress will be little disposed to sympathize with the working man. Last month's election went to the Big Business interests. Big Business will derive the benefits. Already it seems certain that an excess profits tax is a dead pigeon. Instead there is plenty of talk about some other kind of a corporation tax. If an excess profits tax is passed up, the consumer will have to pay through the nose.
Outside of the moral considerations involved in corporations making enormous profits out of wars in which other citizens are giving their lives, an excess profits tax serves another very useful purpose; it tends to hold down prices. If corporations can only make so much money, there is little incentive for them to profiteer. On the other hand, a small increase in ordinary cor- poration taxes (which the consumer pays anyhow) merely makes it a little bit harder to amass extraordinary profits. In fact, the temptation to whip up enormous profits through profiteering is enhanced.
What happened in last month's election is beyond the power of this journal to analyze. However, most political observers are inclined to think that the tax burden had more to do with the results than any other one thing. Such could very well be the case. People are getting more benefits from their gov- ernment than they ever did. But they are also paying more taxes than they evere did. What they have to decide is, are they getting their money's worth? The average man now pays out something like twenty-eight per cent of his income in taxes. In return he gets many social benefits. The point is, could the man do better if, say, his taxes were reduced to fourteen per cent without any benefits and he were permitted to keep the other fourteen per cent to provide his own security?
It is not only the federal government which is gouging increasingly large chunks out of the average citizen's dollar; municipal and state governments too are getting bigger shares all the time. Their combined take has more than doubled in the past ten years. And the trend is still upward. Despite the huge tax increases, most cities and states are virtually bankrupt nevertheless.
All in all, the tax situation is extremely serious. The people must be aroused to the dangers involved. If it takes more taxes to beat communism, we are all willing to pay them. But let us not bleed ourselves into defeat through unfair, impossible taxes and thereby give communism a victory by
default.
— •
A Boon To The Reds
A number of corporations which are constantly receiving literature from various employers' organizations telling them how wonderful the Taft-Hartley Law is must be scratching their heads in wonderment. Particularly must this be true of some half dozen firms which have recently tried to rid themselves of employes strongly suspected of being communistic. These firms are find-
26 THE CARPENTER
ing out that the Taft-Hartley Law makes it extremely difficult if not virtually impossible for them to get rid of suspected communists.
As this was being \M-itten, Buick was vainly tr\ing to dump an employe logically branded as a communist. The Automobile Workers not only con- \icted the worker of being a communist, but once actually threw him out of the plant bodily. However, at this writing, he was still on the job.
The Auto XA'orkers have a modified maintenance-of-membership agree- ment with Buick. "^A'hen the union satisfied itself that the man in question was a communist, it preferred charges against him and expelled him. Under the contract the union could ask the employer to fire the man for not main- taining his membership in the union. But this clashes \^'ith the pro\isions of the Taft-Hartley Law. The law provides that no union can insist on the discharge of a worker except for failure to keep his union dues paid up. In other words, non-payment of dues is the only valid reason a union has for demanding under its maintenance-of-membership contract that a man be discharged.
So Buick has been caught in the bite of the line by the Taft-Hartley Law. By firing the man in accordance with the union's wishes, the company would lay itself open to a coiui: suit by the discharged man under the no-discrimi- nation provisions of the Taft-Hartley Law. On the other hand, keeping the suspected communist on the payroll would cause the employer to violate his contract with the union. There the matter stood at the time this was written. The union wanted to get rid of the red; undoubtedly the company wanted to get rid of him too. But the Taft-Hartley Law says no. .Any way you look at it the only person benefited by the Taft-Hartley Law is the red. The com- munist gets the protection and the employer and the union get the razzbe^r}^ And that is the great ".American" law the NAM likes so well.
Some half dozen other firms have found themselves in a similar predica- ment recently. The Taft-Hartley Law stands in the way of unions tr}'ing to rid themselves and industr\' of men whose communistic leanings are beyond any reasonable doubt. To that extent, the Taft-Hartley Law is a boon and a balm to the communists.
Labor unions have borne the brunt of the communist attack for thirt\' years. But for the valiant fight which unions have put up against communism, the nation today might be all communistic. The unions were fighting com- munism while the rest of the nation was asleep. Over the years the unions had to devise their owm ways and means of dealing with reds. Through trial and error, they worked out a system that got results. But passage of the Taft- Hartley Law changed all that. What the anti-labor forces probably had in mind at the time they wrote the no-discrimination provisions into the Taft- Hartley Law was the paving of the way for company- stooges and stool pigeons to enter unions for the employers' benefit. Whatever the motive, one thing is clear; communists are now basking in the protection the Taft-Hartley Law offers them. This was something labor warned against ver\' emphatically at the time the law was in debate. However, the anti-labor interests seemed more interested in cracking dowTi on unions than in fighting communism and they are now pa\ing a high price for their bullheadedness. .And they still say the Taft-Hartley Law is a good piece of legislation.
1
THE CARPENTER 27
(Continued from page 23)
The Plan now in effect has speeded up the settlement of jurisdictional disputes, and has succeeded in reducing the number of work stoppages because of such disputes. A National Joint Board has replaced the Board of Trustees which was set up under the original Plan. The National Joint Board consists of the impartial chairman, four labor members selected by the Executive Council of the Department, and four employer mem- bers, two of whom are selected by and represent the general contractors' associations, the other two of whom are selected by and represent the specialty contractors' associations. The National Joint Board held thirty-four meetings between October 1, 1949, and the end of August, 1950. I participated in twenty-one of the meetings. The others I was unable to attend because of unavoidable absence from Washington. At the meetings which I could not attend I was represented by proxy.
The principal change in the Plan, and the one which is primarily responsible for the greater speed with which disputes are being adjusted, is that which permits the National Joint Board to render job decisions. Such decisions were not possible under the original Plan. When a dispute is filed the National Joint Board investigates the claims of the unions which are party to the dispute, and determines whether or not the dispute is covered by an agreement or a decision of record. If it is, the National Joint Board issues a ruhng to that effect, and decides which one of the disputing unions has the rightful claim to the work in question. When the Joint Board finds that no agreement or decision of record exists, it makes a job decision, apphcable only on the job affected, after a con- sideration of the established area practices.
A national decision may be secured in one of tliree ways: (1) a dispute may be sub- mitted with the request that , it go to a Hearings Panel; (2) a job decision of the National Joint Board may be appealed to a Hearings Panel by any of tlie national or international unions concerned in the dispute (no contractor or contractor's association has this right of appeal); (3) the National Joint Board may itself refer a case to a Hearings Panel.
Before a case goes to a Hearings Panel the impartial chairman arranges a conference with the General Presidents of the unions involved in an attempt to reach an agreement. Only one Hearings Panel had been established as of July 31, 1950. Two agreements were reached during the year, between the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners and the International Hod Carriers, Building and Common Laborers' Union, on the stripping of forms, and between the International Brotlierhood of Boilermakers, Iron Ship Builders and Helpers of America and the International Association of Bridge, Structural and Ornamental Iron Workers on the installation of wire mesh on stacks and breeching. In addition a number of temporary understandings have been reached between tlie General Presidents of unions involved in disputes, and these have kept work going in a number of cases without the necessity of intervention by the National Joint Board.
The National Labor Relations Board has continued its refusal to process complaints of jurisdictional disputes involving only building trades unions, on the theory that they should be taken care of under the National Joint Plan. Since the National Labor Relations Board has consistently followed its policy on jurisdictional disputes, announced last year, of permitting an employer to assign work as he sees fit so long as his assignment does not run counter to an order or decision of the Board itself, we have in large part been pro- tected by the National Joint Plan from the confusion and even chaos, which could have resulted from tlie jurisdictional dispute provisions of the Taft-Hartley Act if these dis- putes had gone to the National Labor Relations Board.' While the National Joint Plan, either as originally drafted or as now in effect, is by no means the answer to tlie problem of the quick, peaceful and orderly settlement of jurisdictional disputes, it has in all events helped to overcome some of the difficulties created by the Taft-Hartley Act. We still have far to go to work out a completely satisfactory method not only of settling jurisdic- tional disputes as they arise, but of preventing such disputes from arising. Intelligent, forward-looking and cooperative efforts of all building and construction trades unions can go far to reduce the number and the impact of jurisdictional disputes.
THE TAFT-HARTLEY ACT
The RepubHcan-Southem Democrat coalition which was created almost immediately after the 1948 election ruled out all possibility of repeal of tlie Taft-Hartley Act in die 81st Congress. We have urged, and will continue to urge, all state and local building and construction trades councils to put fordi tlieir utmost efforts to elect men in No\eniber who are pledged to repeal of the Act. I am far from optimistic about tlie future of our organization if we are forced to live for long under the Taft-Hartley Act.
28 THECARPENTER
In the main the decisions which the National Labor Relations Board has handed down in the past year have followed the general principles it established in earlier decisions. There have been many cases decided against our unions in the year just ending, and they prove beyond doubt that no other single group of organized labor has been so adversely aflFected by the Act. Even yet, however, we have not felt the full impact of the law, since the continued high level of acti\it\' in our industry has made many anti-union contractors un-R-ilhng to take action which might interrupt their work.
The customar>' practices and customs which have helped to make our organization one of the strongest in the entire labor movement are now, for the most part, denied us. We are forced to work under open-shop conditions. Even the limited union-security possible in other industries is not available to us, because the National Labor Relations Board has found no way to hold either representation or union-security elections among building tradesmen.
The chaotic and uncertain conditions brought about by the Taft-Hartley Act have necessarily demanded a large share of the time and energies of the Department.
The President of the Department made specific reference to some of tlie cases— in the matter of representation, elections, injunctions, etc., and cited certain court decisions.
He concluded his portion of tlie report by sajdng tliat our best eflEorts have failed to protect us against the destructive eflEects of the worst anti-labor legislation this country has ever kno\\"n. Our efforts to repeal the Taft-Hartley Act must be redoubled in the months to come.
The President of the Department Hkewise made comprehensive outline of such sub- jects as:
Public Works.
Go\emment Agencies and Obser\"ance of Pre\"ailing Wage Rates.
Housing.
Atomic Energ\' Commission.
Department of Labor.
State Labor Legislation.
The Report of tlie President was adopted.
REPORT OF THE SECRET.^RY-TREASLTRER
The report of tlie Secretar\--Treasurer shows the granting of new Charters and Charter renewals.
NEW CHARTERS 1950 Washakie Count>', Wyoming (Worland). St. John's, Ne\^'foundland, Canada and \icinity. Bemidji, Minnesota, and vicinit>". Lower Rio Grande \'alley, Texas (Harlingen). LawTence, Kansas (Douglas County). Tillamook Count>-. Oregon (Tillamook). Floyd and Clark Counties, Indiana (New Albany). Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania (Monroe and Pike Counties). Brantford, Ontario, Canada, and \-icinity. Copper Count>' (Hancock Michigan).
STATE COUNCILS
Alabama State Wyoming State.
CH.\RTER RENEWALS
Marion, Indiana (Grant Huntington and Wabash Counties).
St. Cloud, Minnesota (Steams and Benton Counties).
Southwestern, West Virginia (Huntington).
Coos Bay, Oregon, and vicinity.
Calgar\% Alberta, Canada, and \icinity.
Natchez, Mississippi, and \-icinity.
Venango County, Pennsylvania (Franldin).
Auburn, New York (Ca\Tiga Coimty).
Columbiana County, Ohio (Lisbon).
Matoon, Illinois and \"icinity.
THE CARPENTER 29
The report of the Secretary-Treasurer shows that quarterly audits wore marlc during the year by Certified Pubhc Accountants and copies of same were sent to the Presidents of the National and International Unions affiliated with the Department.
NUMBER OF DELEGATES TO CONVENTION Based on Per Capita Tax Paid
Delegates.
International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers 2
International Brotherhood of Boilermakers, Iron Sliip Builders and Helpers 6
Bricklayers, Masons and Plasterers International Union 6
United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America 8
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers 7
International Union of Elevator Constructors 3
International Union of Operating Engineers 7
Granite Cutters International Association 1
International Association of Bridge, Structural and Ornamental Iron Workers 6
International Hod Carriers, Building and Common Laborers Union 8
Wood, Wire and Metal Lathers International Union ,3
International Association of Marble, Stone and Slate Polishers, Rubbers and
Sawyers, Tile and Marble Setters Helpers and Terrazzo Helpers 2
Brotherhood of Painters, Decorators and Paperhangers of America 7
Operative Plasterers and Cement Finishers International Association 5
United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plvimbing and Pipe- fitting Industry of the United States and Canada 7
United Slate, Tile and Composition Roofers,Damp and Waterproof Workers
Association 3
Sheet Metal Workers International Association 5
Journeymen Stone Cutters Association of North America 1
International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and Helpers. 5
TOTAL DELEGATES 92
TOTAL AFFILIATES
Building and Construction Trades Councils 564
State Building and Construction Trades Councils 18
International Unions 19
TOTAL AFFILIATES 601
The report of the Secretary-Treasurer was adopted.
EXECUTIVE COUNCIL REPORT
During the ficsal year the Executive Council held four regular Council Meetings. Since the Convention in St. Paul, Minnesota, the Council had before it many cases; in their report they acted on 53 cases.
Many of the cases dealt with various subjects, such as:
Application and reapplication for Charters.
Report on Armed Forces situation.
Agreements.
National Housing Conference Inc.
Dam Projects.
Public Housing Administration, etc.
Question on relief from certification elections in the building industry.
At the January meeting President Gray made a report on the developments in the above case and a general discussion was held on this matter.
At the August meeting President Gray advised of a number of requests received from national and international unions regarding the appUcation of tlie United Associations of Journeymen and Apprentices of tlie Plumbing and Pipefitting Industry for certification elections and particularly regarding the jurisdictional claims of tine United Association.
A tliorough discussion was held on this question regarding tlie possible intervention by aflahated trades and a number of proposals were suggested in an endeavor to have the
L
30 THE CARPENTER
United Association request a postponement of the elections in order tliat a unified effort could be made to show how impractical the law is and request declaratory injunction from the courts.
Vice-President Durkin stated the position of the United Association regarding this matter and on inquiry from President Gray relative to possible request to the N. L. R. B. for postponement in order that concerted action could be taken in the matter of certification elections, Vice-President Durkin advised the Executive Council the United Association intended to proceed with the certification elections.
President Gray stated it would be necessary for him to advise all affiliated national and international unions of the position of the United Association in order that they could intervene to protect their jurisdictional claims.
The above was known as Case No. 4 and the Committee's report on this particular case was as follows:
Case Number 4, regarding application of United Association of the Plumbing and Pipefitting Industry for certification of election. The Executive Council has taken no direct action upon this case, but we are advised that several International Unions have intervened and the case is still pending. Therefore, we do not feel that any further com- ment is necessary.
The Committee on the Executive Council's report recommended concurrence and ap- proval of their report as a whole. Following this Delegate Martin J. Durkin who is Pres- ident of United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing and Pipe Fitting Industry of the United States and Canada, made a lengthy statement on Case No. 4.
Considerable discussion took place in which General President Wm. L. Hutcheson of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, as delegate, participated, endeavoring to clarify tlie situation. Likewise, other delegates voiced their views on Case No. 4.
Furthermore the President of the Department took a definite position on tliis issue which resolved itself to one question— "Have the plumbers withdrawn their jurisdictional claims they filed with their original petition?"
A motion to adopt tlie report of the Committee was carried unanimously.
There were five resolutions reported to the Convention which were referred to the Committee on Resolutions and the Committee recommended tlieir adoption.
All the officers of the Building and Construction Trades Department were unanimously re-elected.
Respectfully submitted,
Wm. L. Hutcheson, Hugh Russell,
M. A. Hutcheson, Wm. A. Johnson,
^ Frank Duffy, Clell Harris,
Albert E. Fischer, Martin McDonald,
Delegates.
REGULAR MEETING OF THE GENERAL EXECUTIVE BOARD
Netherland Plaza Hotel Cincinnati, Ohio September 1, 1950 Since the previous meeting of the General Executive Board the following trade move- ments were acted upon:
June 14, 1950 Lancaster, Pa., L. U. 59.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.70 to $2.00 per hour, effective May 29, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Winfield, Ala., L. U. 476.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25 to $1.65 per hour, effective August 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Framingham, Mass., L. U. 860.— Movement for an increase in wages from $2.10 to $2,25 per hour, effective July 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
THE CARPENTER 51
Bristol, Conn., L. U. 952.-Movement for an increase in wages from $2.10 to $2 25 per hour, effective June 6, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Manistee, Mich., L. U. 1226.-Movement for an increase in wages from $1 75 to $2 00 per hour, effective August 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Albuquerque, N. M., L. U. 1319.-Movement for an increase in wages from $2 00 to $2.25 per hour, effective August 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Denton, Texas, L. U. 1526.-Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to $1 87% per hour, effective August 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
White River Junction, Vt., L. U. 2256.-Movement for an increase in wages from $1 65 to $2.00 per hour, effective July 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
De Kidder, La., L. U. 2985. (Lumber and Sawmill Workers)-Movement for an in- crease in wages from $.83 to $.95 per hour, effective July 17, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Providence, Pawtucket and Central Falls, D. C, Providence, R. I.-Movemcnt for an increase in wages from $2.10 to $2.35 per hour, effective September 24, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Tri City Carpenters, D. C, Rock Island, lU.-Movement for an increase in wages from $2,121/2 to $2.25 per hour, effective June 5, 1950. Official sanction granted.
July 18, 1950
Nev^^ort, R. I., L. U. 176.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.90 to $2.10 per hour, effective August 5, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Douglas, Wyo., L. U. 629.-Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective August 1, 1950. Official sanctioin granted.
Hawthorne, Nev., L. U. 632.— Movement for an increase in wages from $2.00 to $2.25 per hour, effective August 8, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Peru, Ind., L. U. 932— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective September 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Emporia, Kans., L. U. 1224.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective August 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
August 2, 1950
Prairie du Chien, Wise., L. U. 394.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective September 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid,
Newport News, Va., L. U. 396.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.70 to $2.00 per hour, effective September 25, 1950. Official sanction granted without financial aid.
Freebvu-g, 111., L. U. 480.— Movement for an increase in wages from $2.00 to $2.25 per hour, effective August 14, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Taylorville, 111., L. U. 748.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective July 15, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Ardmore, Okla., L. U. 1028.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.55 to $1,871/2 per hour, effective August 14, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Chester, 111., L. U. 1361.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.85 to $2.10 per hour, effective August 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Three Rivers, Mich., L. U. 1551.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.10 per hour, effective October 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
McLeansboro, 111. L. U. 1895.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to $1.75 per hour, effective July 20, 1950. Official sanction granted.
August 9, 1950 Dixon, 111., L. U. 790.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.92y2 to $2.25 per hour, effective September 6, 1950. Official sanction granted.
August 11, 1950
Nallen, W. Va., L. U. 2510.— Movement for an increase in wages from $.90 to $1.00 per hour, effective August 16, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Raleigh, N. C, L. U. 2089.— Movement for increase in wages from $1.50 to $1.75 per hour, effective August 4, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Plainfield, N. J., L. U. 155.— Movement for an increase in wages from $2.50 to $3.00 per hour, effective September 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
32: THE CARPENTER
Aug. 25, 1950
Texarkana, Texas., L. U. 379.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, eflFective October 25, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Poplar Blu£F, Mo., L. U. 1049.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.65 to $2.00 per hour, eflFective October 25, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Leadville, Colo., L. U. 1351.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.92y2 to $2.00 per hour, eflFective September 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Spruce Pine, N. C, L. U. 2262.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.12% to $1.50 per hour, eflFective August 18, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Cairo, 111., L, U. 812.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 (resi- dential) $2.25 (heavy construction) per hour, eflFective October 25, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Netherland Plaza Hotel Cincinnati, Ohio September 1, 1950 The General Executive Board met in regular session at the Netherland Plaza Hotel, Cincinnati, Ohio on September 1, 1950.
The General President reported fully on all matters of importance to the organization which developed since the previous meeting of the Board.
The following Resolution was unanimously adopted by the General Executive Board, September 1, 1950. Submitted to the Twenty-sixth General Convention of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America and likewise unanimously adopted by the Convention:
A Memorial to P. J. McGuire, the Father of Labor Day
Whereas Peter J. McGuire tlie founder of our great Organization and its first General Secretary for twenty years was born in New York City, New York on July 6, 1852 and died in tlie City of Camden, New Jersey on Febru- ary 18, 1906 and
Whereas he devoted all his life to the Labor Movement and the better- ment of the working people and was popularly known as the most vigorous and aggressive defender of the wage earners at all times and on all occa- sions and
Whereas he was one of tlie most active men in tlie formation of the Fed- eration of Trades having drafted the Call for a Convention to be held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on November 15, 1881 to form a Congress of Labor or a Federation of Trades so as to unify Labor on matters of material inter- est and concern to all involved and thereby present a sohd and united front to its enemies and
Whereas on May 8, 1882 he proposed to the newly formed Central Labor Union of New York City that
One day in the year be designated as Labor Day and be estab- lished as a General Holiday for the laboring people and
Whereas he re-organized the then dying Labor Movement— The Fed- ' eration of Trades— at a specially called meeting in Columbus, Ohio on De- cember 8, 1886 into what is now known as the American Federation of Labor where he was unanimously elected Secretary by acclamation, although he strenuously objected but witliout avail. He was unanimously elected Sec- retary of the American Federation of Labor by acclamation for the years 1887, 1888 and 1889, when he steadfastly refused to hold that position any longer as he wanted to give all his time to organizing the carpenters. He was then elected Second Vice-President of the American Federation of Labor and in 1890 First Vice-President by acclamation and held that position for ten years when he retired on account of ill health and
Whereas all these activities on his part clearly, definitely and distinctly show and prove that he did his best to make the working and living condi- tions of the workers better and more satisfactory and agreeable, to abolish slavery and to make this world better than he found it and
THE CARPENTER aa'
Whereas on June 28, 1894 by act of Congress, Labor Day-the first Mon- day in September each year was made a Legal Hoh'day and thereafter, Petor J. McGuire was known and referred to as the
Father of Labor Day
Now therefore be it
Resolved that as the centennial of his birthday falls on July 6, 1952 cele- brations of that great event be held in his honor by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America and all its subordinate bodies until the end of the year 1952 and be it further
Resolved that as a strong sentiment exists among all the unions compris- ing the American Federation of Labor that a monument or memorial be erected to his memory as the
Father of Labor Day
THAT THE United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America erect such a monument or memorial under the authority and supervision of the General Officers and the General Executive Board so that his memory and the good he accomplished for the American workers may be perpetuated for all time.
/s/ WM. L. HUTCHESON FRANK DUFFY
Several Local Unions have requested information from the General Office concerning tlie status of their members who enter Military Service, either by enlistment, or induction, within tlie meaning of the Selective Service Act of 1948, or by voluntary enlistment beyond the meaning of the Act, or by holding reserve status.
In this respect, the Board, by unanimous action, decided that the same procedure adopted during World War II should prevail in the present emergency in regard to mem- bers entering the Armed Services.
The International Organization will assume the responsibility of keeping all members entering the Armed Forces under tlie 1948 Selective Service Act, as amended to meet the present emergency, in good standing, and pay all donations that would accrue to such mem- bers. The donations referred to mean, of course, death and disibility donations.
Arkansas City, Kans., L. U. 2179.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, eflEective October 15, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Lufkin, Texas, L. U. 2242.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, eflEective October 2, 1950. Ojfficial sanction granted.
Fayetteville, Ark., L. U. 1249.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.62% to $2.00 per hour, eflEective November 1, 1950. OflRcial sanction granted.
Portsmoutli, Va., L. U. 303.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective September 19, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Roanoke, Va., L. U. 319.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 (Carpenters) and $2.00 to $2.25 (Millwrights) per hour, eflEective January 1, 1951. OflRcial sanction granted.
San Angelo, Texas, L. U. 411.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, eflEective November 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Brazil, Ind., L. U. 431.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, eflEective October 16, 1950. Oflficial sanction granted.
Hannibal, Mo., L. U. 607.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.87y2 to $2.12V2 per hour, eflEective October 1, 1950. OflEicial sanction granted, without financial aid.
Sullivan, Ind., L. U. 706.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to $1.75 per hour, eflEective October 15, 1950. OflRcial sanction granted.
Percy, 111., L. U. 733.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective October 24, 1950. OflRcial sanction granted.
September 6, 1950
A communication from the American Federation of the Physically Handicapped, Inc., was read, wherein tliey request a financial contribution, in addition to tliat previously granted. After some discussion it was decided to make a furdier contribution of $5,000.00.
3* THE CARPENTER
Appeal of Local Union 272, Chicago Heights, Illinois, from the decision of the Gen- eral Treasurer in disapproving the death claim of Albert J. Meek, of said Local Union, was considered, and same was referred back to the General Treasurer,
Appeal of Local Union 2140, Mt. Vernon, Washington, from the decision of the Gen- eral Treasurer in disapproving the death claim of Susie Nunn, wife of Clyde Nunn, a member of said Local Union, was considered and the decision of the General Treasurer was sustained for the reason he was not in benefit standing at the time of her death.
Appeal of Local Union 1335, Wilmington, California, from the decision of the Gen- eral Treasurer in disapproving the death claim of Eldred E. Norris of said Local Union, was considered, after which it was referred back to the General Treasurer.
Metropolis, lU., L. U. 803.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to $1.87^ (residential) $2.00 (commercial) per hour, eflfective September 15, 1950. OflBcial sanction granted.
Manhattan, Kans., L. U. 918.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, eflFective November 1, 1950. OflBcial sanction granted.
Franklin, Mass., L, U. 1230.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.90 to $2.25 per hour, eflFective October 10, 1950. OflBcial sanction granted.
Morgantown, W. Va., L. U. 1339.— Movement for an increase in wages from $2.00 to $2.50 per hour, eflFective October 2, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Gadsden, Ala., L. U. 1371.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 (Carpenters) $2.25 (Millwrights) per hour, eflFective October 3, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Bedford, Ind., L. U. 1380.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.97% to $2.15 per hour, effective September 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
September 7, 1950
In accordance \vith the records of the Twenty-sixth General Convention of the United Brotherhood a protest was entered against the seating of delegates Julius Kovner, Local Union 1913, San Fernando, California and Harry Prosin, Local Union 1976, Los Angeles, California.
The protest was recognized by the Chairman in the seating of the delegates and con- curred by the Convention. The Chairman announced that tlie General Executive Board would convene in Parlor G of the Netherland Plaza Hotel and the General Executive Board to act as an appeal board on the protest entered against the two delegates.
The two delegates, Julius Kovner and Harry Prosin were present, as well as the dele- gates who protested their credentials.
Following is the report of the General Executive Board on the delegates protested; namely Hairy Prosin, Local Union 1976, Los Angeles, California and Julius Kovner, Local Union 1915, San Fernando, California, by Charles H. Burge, a member of Local Union 721.
The General Executive Board held a hearing on the matter and permitted those who entered the protest to present evidence to support their statements that tlie two delegates v/ere beUeved to have aided Commiuiist organizations.
In the case of Julius Kovner he admitted that he attends meetings sponsored by organ- izations classified by agencies of the United States government as subversive. That he holds meetings outside of the Local Union and discusses the business of the union. That he did not know if his own wife is a Communist or not. That he admitted his mind is not clear on the justice of our govermnent's position in the present Korean situation, and that he acted evasively in answering questions of the General Executive Board members relative to his activities in his home locahty.
The Board recommends that he be required to file an affidavit with the General Presi- dent that he is not now and never has been a member of the Communist Party, or any sub- \ersive organization, and that he will not give aid, comfort or support to any such organiza- tion, and further promises that he will not aflBliate with any such organizations in the future, and will refrain from attending any meetings where tliat philosophy is advocated. That he be debarred from holding office, delegate or committeeship in the United Brother- hood of Carpenters and Joiners of America. That he be permitted to attend meetings of his Local Union, but he shall not be permitted to have voice or vote in any chartered body of tlie United Brotlierhood. That he be placed on probation for a period of not less tlian five years, under the supervision of the Los Angeles District Council.
THE CARPENTER
35
However the Board feels that consideration should be extended to this delegate and recommends that he be seated in this Convention, without voice or vote.
WILLIAM L. HUTCIIESON, Chairman ALBERT E. FISCHER, Secretary The recommendation of the committee was adopted.
CASE OF HARRY PROSIN, LOCAL UNION 1976 In the case of Harry Prosin, Local Union 1976, Los Angeles, California, as in the case of Juhus Kovner, this delegate denied any connection with the Communist Party or any of its affiliated organizations and denied that he had ever participated in any meetings held under the Communist Party or any other subversive organizations.
There was not sufficient evidence submitted at this time by the delegates challenging the seating of the delegate to warrant action by the Board to debar this member from further membership in the Brotherhood, but we recommend that he be required to file an affidavit with the General President that he is not now, and never has been a member of the Communist Party, or any subversive organizations, and will not give aid, comfort or support to any such organizations, and further promises that he will not affiliate with any such organizations and will refrain in the future from attending any meetings where that philosophy is advocated. We further recommend that he be placed on probation under the Los Angeles and Vicinity District Council for a period of five years.
However, the Board feels that consideration should be extended to this delegate and recommends that he be seated in this Convention, without voice or vote.
WILLIAM L. HUTCHESON, Chairman ALBERT E. FISCHER, Secretary The recommendation of the committee was adopted.
Harry Prosin of Local Union 1976 signed the required affidavit aforementioned, under date of September 9, 1950.
Request for financial assistance from Local Union 3182, Portland, Oregon. Motion prevailed that their request be granted.
Request by Local Union 2458, Nelson, British Columbia, Canada, for a donation in the sum of $200.00 was presented to the Board, and it was decided that tlie matter be referred to the General President.
Appeal of Local Union 488, New York, New York, from the decision of tlie General Treasurer in disapproving the death claim of Meyer Lepofsky of said Local Union, was considered, and upon motion was referred back to the General Treasurer.
Appeal of Local Union 246, New York, New York, from tlie decision of the General Treasurer in disapproving the death claim of Ernest Bochmann, for the reason he was not in benefit standing at the time of death, was considered, and the decision of tlie General Treasurer was sustained.
Appeal of Local Union 853, Bound Brook, New Jersey, from the decision of tlie Gen- eral Treasurer in disapproving the death claim of John Morecraft, Jr. was considered, and it was decided to refer same back to the General Treasurer.
Charlotte, N. C, L. U. 1469.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.65 to $2.00 per hour, effective October 15, 1950. Official sanction granted, witliout financial aid.
Gulfport, Miss., L. U. 1518.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective October 10, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Petersburg, Va., L. U. 1534.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.88 to $2.00 per hour, effective October 16, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Malvern, Ark., L. U. 1674.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to $1.75 per hour, effective October 23, 1950. Official sanction granted.
El Dorado, Ark., L. U., 1683.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 (Carpenters) $1.87y2 to $2.12y2 (Millwrights) per hour, effective October 16, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Galesburg, 111., L. U. 1692. (Millmen)— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.46 to $1.70 per hour, effective November 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, widiout financial aid.
36 THE CARPENTER
September 9, 1950
Renewal of bond of Acting Secretary Albert E. Fischer, in the sum of S20,000.00 for one year expiring August 23, 1951, through the United States Fidelity and Guaranty Com- pany of Baltimore, Maryland, was referred to our Legal Department.
Communication from Local Union 946, Los Angeles, California, requesting additional financial assistance was discussed by the Board and by unanimous action the request was referred to the General President.
Appeal of Local Union 159, Charleston, S. C. from the decision of the General Treas- urer in disapproving the death claim of Br}'ant H. Poston, a deceased member of former Local Union 1728, Myrtle Beach, S. C, was carefully considered, whereupon a motion prevailed that the death claim be referred back to the General Treasurer.
Request for financial assistance from Local Union 2556, Ketchikan, Alaska was pre- sented to the Board, and upon motion it was referred to the General President.
Wilton, Conn., L. U. 1700.— Movement for an increase in wages from $2.12% to $2.25 per hour, effective October 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Jacksonville, Texas., L. U. 1768.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to $2.00 per hour, eflFective October 15, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Columbia, S. C, L. U. 1778.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to $1.75 per hour, effective October 2, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Macomb, 111., L. U. 1883.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective October 15, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Rome, Ga., L. U. 1977.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to $1.75 per hour, effective September 30, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Anna, 111., L. U. 2010.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective September 25, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Front Royal, Va., L. U. 2033. Movement for an increase in wages from $2.25 to $2.75 (Millwrights) per hour, effective November 1, 1950. Official sanction granted.
Logansport, Ind., L. U. 2060.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.80 to $2.05 per hour, effective October 3, 1950. Official sanction granted.
The General Executive Board recessed, to meet at the call of the Chairman.
Houston, Texas
Rice Hotel
September 19, 1950
The General Executive Board reconvened their recessed meeting at the Rice Hotel,
Houston, Texas, on September 19, 1950.
The General Executive Board in session gave careful consideration to the various sub- jects which were to come before the American Federation of Labor's Sixty-nintli Annual Conventicfti and the Forty-third Annual Convention of the Building and Construction I'rades Department.
The General Executive Board also gave consideration to the various subjects which were adopted at the Twenty-sixth General Convention of the United Brotherhood.
Altus Okla., L. U. 285.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour effective October 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Joplin, Mo., L. U. 311.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.82% to $2.12 per hour effective October 17, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Ashland, Ky., L. U. 472.— Movement for an increase in wages from $2.00 to $2.25 (Carpenters) $2.37V2 (Millwrights) per hour, effective October 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Sparta, 111., L. U. 479.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.85 to $2.10 per hour, effective October 15, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
September 20, 1950 The General Executive Board commenced co-ordinating the proposed amendments to our Constitution which were adopted at the Twenty-sixth General Convention for sub- mission to referendum.
Whereas, The Delegates to the Twenty-sucth General Convention of our Brotherhood held in Cincinnati, Ohio, by unanimous vote approved of tlie recommendations of the Committee upon the General President's Report, which reads as follows:
THE CARPENTER 37
"The General President calls to the attention of this, Our T.wenty-sixth Gen- eral Convention, to the action by him in 1942, relative to salaries of General Officers, General Executive Board Members, and General Representatives. The Twenty-fiftii General Convention held in Lakeland, Florida, April, 1946, unanimously concurred in his action of that time. We note with great inter- est his comments in his report, under the paragraph entitled "Laws" wherein he calls the attention of the delegates to this Convention to the great ad- vances in wage structures of our membership since 1942 and that no in- creases have been given to the General Officers, General Executive Board Members, or General Representatives during the period from 1942-1950, despite tlie tremendous increases in the cost of living during this period. "In accordance with Section 10, Paragraph "H" of the Constitution and Laws, entitled General President, and we quote, 'He shall supervise the
entire interests of the United Brotherhood
"We, your Committee, therefore, recommend that the General President shall be instructed to make adjustments of salaries of General Officers, General Executive Board Members and General Representatives "
Whereas, According to the action of the General Convention, and authority vested in me under the General Constitution as per Paragraph "H", Section 10, I hereby decide and decree tliat beginning October 1, 1950, the salaries of the General Officers, General Execu- tive Board Members, and General Representatives shall be as follows:
First General Vice President $400.00 per week
Second General Vice President $350.00 per week
General Secretary $300.00 per week
General Treasurer $300.00 per week
General Executive Board Members $250.00 per week
General Representatives $175.00 per week
William L. Hutcheson,
General President,
United Brotherhood of Carpenters
and Joiners of America.
Norfolk, Va., L. U. 567.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25 to $2.00 per hour, eflFective October 26, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Chickasha, Okla., L. U. 653.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective October 1, 1950. Official sanction granted witliout financial aid.
Beardstown, 111., L. U. 741.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.87y2 to $2.00 per hour, effective November, 1950. Official sanction granted, witliout financial aid.
Sonora, Texas., L. U. 859.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective November 21, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
September 21, 1950 The General Executive Board continued to co-ordinate tlie various proposed amend- ments to the Constitution for referendum.
September 22. 1950
The General Executive Board completed co-ordinating tlie various proposals to the Constitution and Laws as adopted by the Twenty-sixtli General Convention, and the Board decided that tlie sections to be amended be submitted for referendum without delay— the results returnable on or before November 15, 1950.
The General Executive Board further decided that a committee of tlie Board be ap- pointed by the General President— to codify tlie laws.
In conformity with the action of the Twenty-sixth General Convention of tlie United Brotherhood, held in Cincinnati, Ohio, September 5—12, which directed and autliorized the General Executive Board to increase tlie salary of tlie General President, tlie Board decided that the General President be paid a salary of Six Hundred Dollars ($600.00) per week.
Cleburne, Texas, L. U. 923.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $1.87% per hour, effective November 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Borger, Texas, L. U. 1201.— Movement for an increase in wages from $2.00 to $2.37% per hour, eflFective September 22, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
I
38 THE CARPENTER
Jasper, Ala., L. U. 1$03.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective November 1, 1950. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.
Bluefield, W. Va., L. U. 1228.— Movement for and increase in wages from $1.50 toi $1.87% per hour, effective October 1, 1930. Official sanction granted, without financial' aid.
The General President appointed a committee to make arrangements for the installa-J tion of the General Officers on Saturday, April 7, 1951, at tlae General Office.
The General Executive Board met as Board of Trustees.
The Certified Public Accountants examined the securities held bv tlie General Treas- urer in the Vaults of the Indiana National Bank, Indianapolis, Indiana and their report! as of June 30, 1950, shows the follo\^ang:
GENERAL FUND
S 1.000.000.00 U. S. Treasury 2y2S 1963-68
l^OOO.OOO.OO U. S. Treasury 2%s . 1964-69
'500.000.00 U. S. Treasury . 2%s 1964-69
50,000.00 U. S. Defense 2%s 1953
50.000.00 U. S. Defense - 2%s 1954
50.000.00 U. S. Defense 2y2S 1954
100.000.00 U. S. Defense 2%s 1957
25,000.00 U. S. Ceriificate IV^ 1950 -
1.000.000.00 U. S. Treasury 2^45 1959-62
■ ' 20.000.00 U. S. Defense 2%s
: 700,000.00 U. S. Treasur>' IVss 1951
100.000.00 Adams Packing Debentures due 1950 . -
: 210.000.00 Adams Packing Assn. Preferred Stock-SlOO.OO Share
107,000.00 Canadian Bonds 3s 1959
50.000.00 Canadian Bonds 4s 1960
50,000.00 Canadian Victory 3s ■ 1956
100.000.00 Canadian Bonds l%s 1950
100,000.00 Canadian Bonds 3s ■ 1958
100,000.00 Canadian Bonds 3s 1966
• DEFENSE FUNT)
§ 50.000.00 U. S. Defense 2%s 1954 j
105,000.00 U. S. Ceriificate iy4S 1951 = 1
50,000.00 U. S. Defense . 2%s 1953 -
HOME AND PENSION FUND
|
S 50.000.00 |
U. S. Defense |
2%s |
1953 |
|
|
50,000.00 |
U. S. Defense |
2'^s |
1954 |
|
|
50.000.00 |
U. S. Defense |
2^ |
1954 |
|
|
50.000.00 |
U. S. Defense |
2%s |
1955 |
|
|
100.000.00 |
U. S. Defense |
2%s |
1957 |
|
|
500.000.00 |
U. S. Treasury |
2%s |
1963-68 |
|
|
100.000.00 |
U. S. Treasury |
2%s |
1964-69 |
|
|
500,000.00 |
U. S. Treasury |
2%s |
1964-69 |
|
|
140.000.00 |
U. S. Certificate |
iy4s |
1950 |
|
|
500.000.00 |
U. S. Certificate |
IVss |
1951 |
|
|
300.000.00 |
U. S. Certificate |
1%S |
19.30 |
|
|
150,000.00 |
Adams Packing . |
A.ssn. |
Stock-1500 sh |
ares common— SIOO. 00 share |
|
250,000.00 |
Adams Packing |
Deb€ |
>ntures— 5 at S5i |
0,000.00 each |
|
There bein |
g no further business |
to be acted upon the Board adjovimed to meet at |
||
|
tlie call of the Chairman. |
||||
|
Respectfully submitted, |
||||
|
ALBERT E. FISCHER, |
||||
|
Acting Secretary |
"^ n 0i
tmtfvxsctn
Not lost to those that love them, They still live in our memory.
Not dead, just gone before; And will forever more.
'^t&i in "^tsttt
Th» Editor Hum been requeated to publith the name* of the following Brothers who have paeaed away.
Brother CHARLES W. ALLEN, Local No. 40, Boston, Mass. Brother HERMAN ANDERSON, Local No. 808, Brooklyn, N. Y. Brother L. ANGBY, Local No. 419, Chicago, 111.
Brother IRWIN VESTIR AYERS, Local No. 539, Los Banos, Calif. Brother A. R. BLAIR, Local No. 665, Amarillo, Tex. Brother DON O. BURNHAM, Local No. 665. Amarillo, Tex. Brother DAVID F. BYARD, Local No. 1497, E. Los Angeles. Calif. Brother FRANK D. BYARD, Local No. 1497, E. Los Angeles, Calif. Brother VICTOR E. CARLSEN, Local No. 301, Newburgh, N. Y. Brother JOHN DONALDSON, Local No. 2163, New York, N. Y. Brother RALEIGH FLINT, Local No. 472, Ashland, Ky. Brother ROBERT C. FRENCH, Local No. 40, Boston, Mass. Brother LOUIS GERRINGER, Local No. 2022, Perryville, Mo. Brother WILLIAM HENDERSON, Local No. 2163, New York, N. Y. Brother JOSEPH HENNEMAN, Local No. 2022, Perryville, Mo. Brother GEORGE HLAVACEK, Local No. 416, Chicago, 111. Brother A. L. HOLLAND, Local No. 103. Birmingham, Ala. Brother ROBERT W. HOWIE, Local No. 101, Baltimore, Md. Brother LOUIS E. JACOBSON, Local No. 416, Chicago, 111. Brother WILLIAM KEMPF, Local No. 808, Brooklyn, N. Y. Brother J. KERSCH, Local No. 419, Chicago, 111. Brother HERBERT W. McCOY, Local No. 188, Yonkers, N. Y. Brother JOHN MAJEWSKI. Local No. 337, Detroit, Mich. Brother HUGO MORALO, Local No. 366, New York, N. Y. Brother CHARLES C. NODINE, Local No. 188, Yonkers, N. Y. Brother O. B. OLSEN, Local No. 1112, Marshalltown, la. Brother MAX V. RIEMER, Local No. 416, Chicago, 111. Brother WILLET SECOR, Local No. 746, Norwalk, Conn. Brother CHARLES SHLAPIN, Local No. 488. New York, N. Y, Brother GEORGE STANLEY, Local No. 833, Berwyn, Pa. Brother FRANK STELTZNER, Local No. 998, Royal Oak. Mich. Brother ANTON SWANSON, Local No. 488, New York, N. Y. Brother GUSTAF T. SWANSON, Local No. 488, New York, N. Y. Brother JAMES A. TILLER, Local No. 1497, E. Los Angeles, Calif. Brother THOMAS E. WATTS. Local No. 101, Baltimore, Md. Brother HENRY WEIBE, Local No. 3119, Tacoma, Wash. Brother OTTO WEIDE, Local No. 488, New York, N. Y. Brother WILLIAM J. WIGHTMAN, Local No. 101, Baltimore, Md.
CorrospondoncQ
iiH:ii|.iiyi!ll!il!'li^i^if^"
iilliii'!iiililfii!iiJiiiiliii,iiiiM[IiIlM
HUTCHINSOX DISPLAYS GRAXDAD OF BANNERS
Hctured aboA^e is the proud banner which the members of Local Union Xo. 1587 HutchinsorL, Kansas, carried in the Labor Day parade. Undoubtedly it is the grandad of all banners since it measured three feet wide by fift>' feet long. With better than 200 members of the Union inarching behind it. Local Union X'o, 1387 carried off second prize in the parade.
.\fter its appearance in the Labor Day parade, the banner was put on display at the Kansas State Fair where thousands upon thousands of \isitors ^*iewed it with a good deal of interest. The banner is now hanging in the big dance hall in the Labor Temple where it is still e^-oldng a good deal of fa%'orable comment and winning much fa\"orable pubhcit>- for Local L'nion Xo. 1587.
Working Families Contribute Most
About S2 per cent of total indmdual contributions to charitable causes in 194S and 1949 came from families with income below 85,000.
Most trade unionists, constantly being soHcited for some worthy cause, fall in this categor}'.
Gi\1ng in the United States exceeded S4 billion in both 194S and 1949 according to estimates released by Russell Sage Foimdation. These figures include gifts to churches, educational institutions, communit>' chests, health and welfare agencies, and all other organizations where contributions are tax-deductible.
A "statistically average" family was taken as an example of what giving looked like in 1949, This family of four, 2 adults and 2 children, had a gross income of 85,004. Its charitable contributions were 896.59, or nearly 2 per cent of income.
Craft ProblQms
Carpentry
By H. H. Siegele LESSON 267 Among the problems treated in the last lesson was that of making a ladder. This was done to connect the lesson to what is to follow, for these lessons are the begin- ning of a series of lessons dealing with the steel square and its practical uses in fram- ing porch steps and building diflPerent kinds of stairs.
Determining Rise and Run.— Fig. 1 shows a method of determining the rise and run of the step in building either steps or stairs. In diis case 24 inches on the blade and 11% inches on the tongue are taken as points, which are connected by the diagonal straight hne, as shown. Now if the run of the steps were limited to 10 inches, (or any other practical figure) square up at the 10- inch point on the blade, and the distance between the edge of the blade and where this squaring contacts the diagonal hne would be the rise, or as showTi by the draw-
ing, 6% inches. Multiply this figure by the number of risers in the Ihght of steps, and you have the total rise of the steps. On the other hand, if the rise of the steps were limited to 6% inches (or any other rise) then
square from that point on the tongue to the diagonal line, and the distance between the edge of the tongue and where this squaring contacts the diagonal line would be the run.
However, it should be remembered that this method is basic; tliat is to say, the stair builder should not take the results as hard and fast. \\'hen the rise or the run, which- ever the case may be, has been found, the workman should make such adjustments as in his judgment are necessary to make the
Fig. 4
finished job fulfill its purpose satisfactorily. The method is based on tlie rule, that the sum of the rise and tlie run in inches should be around 16 V2 inches, roughly, between 16 and 17 inches. To the right of the drawing is shown how the spacing of steps on a ladder can be determined by tliis dia- gram, although the standard spacing for ladders is 12 inches.
Fig. 2 shows a similar diagram, giving three difi^erent points to be used on tlie tongue, 11, 11 V2, and 12 inches. Here the
42
THE CARPENTER
figure used on the blade, 24 inches, remains the same, which leaves the run of the step in the three cases the same, or as sho\\Ti, 10 inches. But the figures taken on the tongue of the square being difFerent, the figures that give the rise will also be different, as shov.-n on tlie drawing. The sum of the rise and
run of the largest step would be 17 inches, the second largest, 16% inches, and the smallest would be 16% inches. This gives the stair builder enough leeway to make necessary- adjustments in both the rise and the run of the steps. Study Figs. 1 and 2.
Determining the Rise.— Fig. 3 shows to the right that the total rise for a flight of porch steps is 27 inches. Now to find the number of steps and the rise for the individ- ual steps, let's divide 27 by one of the rises sho^^^l in Fig. 2, say, 7 inches. Seven n^oII go into 27 not quite 4 times, which deter- mines the number of risers, but does not give the rise per step. Let's tr>' 6% inches by multipKing it by 4. Four times 6% equals 23^2, which is too small, but 6%
i^i
might do. Four times 6"4 equals exactly 27, determining the rise per step as 6^4 inches. The last figures were purposely made to come out even: in practice, adjustments usu- ally have to be made. In losing diagrams to determine the rise and run of steps, the workman should use as a basis, a rise or a run that will fit in with the circumstances under v.-hich he has to work. To the upper left of the drawing is shown in part the out-
side porch joist and the ends of the porch flooring. The figures shown to the left, give the risers for the rough horse, which will be more fully erplained in follo\^ing illustra- tions.
Stepping off Horses.— Fig. 4 shows in part, a 2x10 from which a horse for the steps is to be cut. The t\vo squares sho%\Ti in part are in place for marking the rise and the run for two steps. The rough horse has only a 5^8-inch rise for the first step. The other two risers are 6"4 inches. The fourth riser, as shown in Fig, -3, \\ill be 7's inches, which is not cut on the rough horse. Fig. 3 is a detail of the first rough step, \^ith the square apphed for marking the base cut. The dotted hnes at the bottom of the horse show why tlie rough step has only a o^s-inch rise—
^^^S^i^^^
Fis. 7
enough is cut off the bottom of the rough horse to take care of the thickness of the finished tread. By doing this, the thickness of the tread is added to the last rise of the flight of steps, which is as it should be. This is shown to the right in Fig. 6, where the treads are indicated by dotted lines. Study the figures given on this dra\T.ing; particu- larly those of the first and the last risers.
MAKE THAT GIFT A BOOK
A NEW BDDK
CARPENTER'S TOOLS.-This new book covers sharpening tools, hovr to use tools, and hovr to buy and care for tools. It also covers other craft problems. It is the nio.st pr.acti- cal book on carpenter's tools novr on the market. Every carjjenter. especially every apprentice carpenter, should own a copy. The price is S2.50, See previous advertise- ments for other books.
FREE. — Wi-.,-:; S bocks, one ireetry b&t-k tree, with 5 bMks, two, and wi-Ji 6 &c-;£=, three. iWith le-ss tiiaii 3 books, one of the poetry books for only 50 cent*.)
Books autographed. Five-day Money-baek BBirsJltM.
Postpaid anlj when full amotin: comes vritb order.
Order u u CiPr^PI F 222So. Const. St. tuday. rl» "■ ait«tl-E Emporia, Kons.Q$
QUANTITIES — 12 or iB«>re tKioJu 20% fffl, f.«.b. Chicago
THE CARPENTER
43
Finish Risers and Stringers.— Fig. 7 shows a top view of the steps without the treads, in part. Two rough horses are pointed out, three risers, one stringer, and the 2x8 porch joist— also the 2x8 to which the rough horses are fastened. The steel square is shown ap- plied for marking the miter cut for the risers where they join the risers of the stringers. This, it will be seen, would be rather inconvenient, or clumsy. To over- come this handicap, the workman estab- lishes the bevel with the steel square, and sets his bevel square to it. Then with the bevel square he marks both the risers and the risers of the stringer. A bevel square in position for marking the bevel on a riser of the stringer is shown applied to the second riser at the bottom of tlie drawing.
Fig. 8
The finished Steps.— To the upper left of Fig. 8 are shown three different joints that can be used in joining the risers to the risers of the stringer. The one numbered 1, is a true miter joint, such as shown in Fig. 7. This joint is commonly used. A shoulder- miter joint is shown at number 2, while number 3 shows a simple joint that is often used. This joint is stronger than tlie other two, gives better service and drains better, consequently it will last longer, but it doesn't look quite as well as the other two. The main drawing in Fig. 8 gives a side view of the finished steps. The illustrations should be studied as a whole, giving special attention to what is in between tlie lines.
Wants to Know
A reader wants to know how to get the amount to be deducted for a ridgeboard, or for hip and valley rafters.
This is quite a simple problem. Make a full-size drawing in plan, of tlie particular joint you are working with, on the order shown in Fig. 1. In this drawing, as indi- cated, a 1%-inch ridgeboard (or rafter) is
Fig. 1
shown, to which four rafters at different angles are joined, as at A, B, C and D. It doesn't make any difference whether these rafters join anotlier rafter or a ridgeboard;
SAVE TIME! SAVE MONEY! with
TRIP-HAMMER
Saw-Set
FOOT TREADLE OPERATED
• LIGHT WEIGHT
• TOOL BOX SIZE __
• SETS UP EASILY
• MONEY BACK GUARANTEE
Set saws faster. NO CRAMPED HANDS. Every tooth set uniformly. Handles 5 to 12 point hand saws, 3" to 10" circular saws, Two man erojj cut saws.
Send Check, Money Order or Postal Note.
ARDEE TOOL CO '' ° ^"'^ ^-^sm
HnUILC I UUL UU. Rojky Ri^er Stafion, Ohio
Ist^Measure tread or riser in 10 seconds
ELiASON STAIR GAUGE
Saves HALF Your Time Building Staircases
In 10 seconds you get 'both correct length and angle for stair treads, risers, closet shelves, ready to mark board. Each end automatically pivots and locks at exact length and angle needed for perfect fit. Length adjustable from 20" up. Saves a day or more, increases your profits $20 to $30 on each staircase. Fully guaranteed. Circular on request.
Only $12.95 cash with order, or C.O.D. plus postage.
ELIASON TOOL CO. '^lLl,J!Vm...
Dealers and Distributors Waitted 2nd — Mark board with gauge for perfect fit
44
THE CARPENTER
always take half the distance through the timber at the angle (in plan) the rafter joins the timber, and deduct that from the run of the last step, in stepping off the pattern. It will be noticed by referring to the draw- ing, that the distance A, B, C and D, as indicated by tihe arrows, are not the same. It is important that the drawing be made full size, and in plan. All roof framing, theoretically, is done from the center of the
rafter, and therefore the deductions are shown here in line with the centers, which are indicated by dotted hues.
ATTENTION! ! ! !
CARPENTERS! APPRENTICES! BUILDERS!
who use power saws.
You cannot afford to miss this opportunity to obtain information so vitally important to you.
Almost all of the modem construction is done on a production scale. Most of the rough and finish carpen- ter work is subleted to the lowest bidder, who must use hand operated portable power saws and rush the units through in order to realize any profit.
Consequently, the carpenters are not allowed suflS- cient time to figure accurately the exact number of de- grees at which to set their power saws for making top cuts for gable studs and side or cheek cuts for Hip, Valley an# Jack rafters, bridging lengths and cuts in degrees, and all Pob'gon cuts in degrees.
This valuable information is printed on decalcomanias that can very easily be attached to any smooth surface, such as, a tool bo.t, mitre box. power saw, or wallet. When a protective heavy coat of clear lacquer is ap- plied over the decalcomania. it will last indefinitely. The table decalcomanias can be obtained at the very reasonable price of TWO for $1.00.
1. Saves time and speeds production.
2. Assurance of perfect fitting gable studs and H. or v., and Jack rafters for any pitched roof.
3. No need for marking side cuts with a square.
4. Information available when and where needed.
5. Xo guessing or adjusting of power saw to a side cut line marked with a square.
6. Perfect fitting rafters and gable studs help pre- vent plaster from cracking in new homes.
7. Sold by a journeyman carpenter.
Fill in and mail handy order form below.
UNO POHJOLA
P. 0. Box 73 Detroit 6. Michigan
Gentlemen: Please send me ( ) number of table decalcomanias priced at 2 for $1.00. I enclose cashier's check ( ), postal note ( ), or cash ( ) for the amount of order ($ ).
Name
Address K.R
City
State Zone
(Please print clearly.)
Fig. 2 shows a square apphed to a rafter timber, for, let's say, the last step. But before the square is removed or the deduct- ing is done, mark along the edge of the blade, as indicated on the drawing. Then keeping the edge of the square on the pen- cil mark, pull the square back the distance that has to be deducted, and mark the plumb cut along the edge of the tongue. That's all there is to it.
EARN BIG PROFITS
SHARPENING AND RETOOTHING SAWS
ENCE and SEGU- BITY with a full or part time SAW SHOP BUSINESS OF YOUR OWN Burr's precision saw shop machines help you do m better, faster Job. and re- quire less space less time and less effort They (five a lifetime of service and have a 1 year guarantee. WRITE FOR FREE FOLDERS Valuable Book. Send 25c in coin for Burr's Blue Book of Coast to Coast saw shop char- ges and other valu- able information.
BURR MFG. CO.,
Depl. GI2 S945 Venice BKd.
Vz Lighter than Aluminum
UNBREAKABLE FRAME OF EXTRUDED MAGNESIUM
• Profitable, Fast Selling, Nationally Advertised
• Available in 10 sizes from 12 to 72 inches
• Adjustable, Replaceable Vial Units
• Beautifully Designed, Accurate, Dependable
J. H. SCHARF MFG. CO., Omaha, Nebr.
QUICK CHANGE MULTIPLE DRILL
can be purchased complete unit or Head only. Can be used on a rip Saw. 7,5 w. Abriendo Ave.
HADWIGER MFG. CO. PUEBLO. COLO.
KEEP THOSE EDGES RAZOR SHARP
on your plane blades and chisels WITH THIS NEW, PROVEN, CARPENTER'S ACCESSORY THAT ASSURES A STRAIGHT. SHARPENED EDGE ALWAYS AT A RIGHT ANGLE TO THE SIDES.
Plane Blade and Chisel Sharpener
by Marsh
1
.25 POSTPAID
(plus tax in Calif.)
SMALL, COMPACT, READY FOR IMMEDI- ATE USE — WING SCREW IN THE HOLDING CLAMP IS THE ONLY ADJUSTMENT.
• ■Holds blade at correct angle for sharpen- ing • A few strokes back and forth on stone keeps the edge razor sharp • No guesswork • No round corners •' 14 Ga. steel construc- tion • Weight only 8 oz. • For the bench or on the job • Satisfaction guaranteed or your money refunded.
BE SHARP! START SHARP • STAY SHARP
SEND YOUR CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO: 47 E. WALNUT ST. PASADENA 1, CALIF.
SPEEDY HINGE SPACER
Pat. Pending
BUnges spaced quickly and accurately. Er- rors in spacing impossible.
If Jambs are accurately set all doors of equal size will be interchangeable throughout en- tire building.
This tool is particularly valuable in fit- ting wood doors to metal jambs.
Adjust knives to fit mortise in jambs, then transfer to doors, no waste of time in measuring. Place end tight against head jamb hook on top of door will give proper head clearance.
Knocks down in three sections 26" each. Made of Aluminum channels with hardened ad- justable knives.
^
Shipping Weight Approximately 4 lbs.
Price $7.50 Delivered
BAKER MACHINE CO.
330 Bryan St. Fort Worth 4, Texas
New- Butt Mortise Plane
"Made by a Carpenter for Carpenter's'
• Hang Doors Quicker and Better
• Uniform Depth
$4.65
Cuts Clean and Even
Also for Lock Fronts, vStriking Plates Etc.
Easy To Use
SIMPLE TO OPERATE -HERE'S HOW
I. Use Chisel as Shown In Illustration.
2- Set Butt Mortise Plane blade for depth by
holding plane bottom side up and placing hlnee
In front of blade.
3. Push Blade Through Until Flush with Hinge. tighten thumbscrew. (If door has bevel, set hinge a trifle deeper.)
4. Plane out remainder of wood in both directions by reversing plane. Repeat operation on jamb.
Over o// %nti 9S^"-B»ac/e 13/16" Cash with Order, $4.65 Prepaid. If C. 0. D., postage extra.
WELBERT DOHMEYER
1646 Main St., Crete, Illinois
with the
FOLEY LAWN MOWER SHARPENER
"I have sharpened over 10,000 mowers in my Foley Lawn Mower Sharpener in the last 10 years — only repairs needed were new belts" — Charles H. Smith. From Ralph Rand — "The first month's business paid for my machine." The Foley sharpens all sizes and types of mowers in 15 or 20 minutes (with handles on). Prices rim from $1.50 to $3.00 for hand mowers, and $5.00 to $8.00 for power mowers. This is tha way to make money!
FREE BOOK — "Hov) To Sharpen Power Mowers"
shows just how to sharpen any make of power lawn mower with the Foley. Prices .?97.50 to $159.50 — easy payment terms available. Mail coupon today — we'll also send FREE PLAN telling how to start your own busl- ,,, ness without previous experience. Ko sales- HOW to \\\ man will call.
Sharpen 11-^^ — — — — _-
FOLEY MFG. CO., 1201-0 Foley BIdg., Minneapolis 18, Minn.
Send FREE BOOK "IIow to Sharpen Pow- I er Mowers." and FREE PLAN on lawn I _ mower business.
NAME 1
[ ADDRESS I
HOW
r Earn Better Pay This Easy Way
CARPENTRY ESTIMATING
...QUICK.. .EASY.. .ACCURATE
with this simplified guide!
You can earn higher pay when you know how to estimate. Here is everything you need to know to "take off" a bill of materials from set of plans and specifications for a frame house. Saves you time figuring jobs, protects you against oversights or mistakes that waste materials and cost money. Nothing compli- cated— just use simple arithmetic to do house carpentry estimating with this easy-to-use ready reference handbook.
SIMPLIFIED CARPENTRY ESTIMATING
Shows you, step by step, how to figure mate- rials needed for (1) foundation, (2) framing, (3) exterior finish, (4) interior finish, (5) hardware, and (6) stairs. Gives definite "take- off" rules, with many quick-reference tables and short-cut methods that simplify the work.
CDCAIAI ECATIIDrC- Lumber Checking List. Mill- OrCblHU rCHIUnCd. work Checking List. Hard- ware Checking List. Materials Ordering Information. Quick- Figuring Tables for estimating concrete footings and walls, concrete piers, window frames, door and window areas, sash weights, nail quantities. How to figure labor hours per unit of work. Rules for linear, area and volume measurement. Mathematical reference tables, including dec- imal equivalents, lumber reckoner, conversion of weights and measures, etc. New chapter, "How to Plan a House." gives useful data for contractors and material dealers.
Til DM TA rUADTPD 11 ^ben you receive this book, lUKR lU UnHrlCK 0, and see the "Estimating
Short Cuts" you can use for quick figuring of board foot- age. Here are simplified ways to estimate lumber needed for floors, walls, ceilings, roof, door and window frames, inside trim for these frames, inside trim for inside doors, and drawers and cabinets. This chapter alone can be worth the entire price of the book to you!
Send No Money
EXAMINE 10 DAYS FREE
Just fill in and mail cou- pon below to get "Sim- plified Carpentry Esti- mating" for 10 DAY.S FREE TRLJX. If not fully satisfied, return the book and owe nothing. If you keep it. send only $3.50 plus few cents post- age in full payment. You take no risk. Mail cou- pon now.
MAIL THIS COUPON
SIMMONS-BOARDMAN Publishing Corp. (Carp. 1230) ■ 30 Church Street, New York 7, N. Y.
Send me for 10 DATS FREE TRIAL. "Simpli- fied Carpentry Estimating." I will either return it in 10 days and owe nothing, or send only $3.50 (plus shipplns charges) in full payment.
NOTICE
Name
■ Address
I I
I City & State ^
The publishers of "The Carpenter" reserve the right to reject all advertising matter which may be, in their judgment, unfair or objectionable to the membership of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America.
All Contracts for advertising space in "The Car- penter," including those stipulated as non-can- cellable, are only accepted srbject to the above reserved rights of the publlshetB.
Index of Advertisers
Carpenters' Tools and Accessories
Page
The American Floor Surfacing
Machine Co., Toledo, Ohio 47
Ardee Tool Co., Rocky River
Station, Ohio 43
Baker Machine Co., Fort Worth,
Texas 45
Burr Mfg. Co., Los Angeles,
Cal. 44
Wilbert Dohmeyer, Crete, 111 45
Dremel Mfg. Co., Racine, Wis. 47
Eliason Tool Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 43
E-Z Mark Tools, Los Angeles,
CaL 48
Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 45-48
Hadwiger Mfg. Co., Pueblo, Colo. 44 The Lufkin Rule Co., Saginaw,
Mich. 3rd Cover
North Bros. Mfg. Co.,
Philadelphia, Pa. 47
Uno Pohjola, Detroit, Mich 44
J. H. Scharf, Mfg. Co., Omaha,
Nebr. 44
Sportsmans Specialties,
Pasadena, Cal. 45
Stanley Tools, New Britain,
Conn. 3rd Cover
Carpentry Materials
The Upson Co., Lockport, N. Y. 4
Doors
Overhead Door Corp^ Hartford
City, Ind. 4th Cover
Technical Cotirses and Books
American Technical Society,
Chicago, 111. 47
Audel Publishers, New York,
N. Y. 3rd Cover
Chicago Technical College, Chi- cago, 111. 3
H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans. 42
Simmons-Boardman Publishing
Corp., New York, N. Y 46
Tamblyn System, Denver, Colo.- 48
KEEP THE MONEY IN THE FAMILY!
PATRONIZE ADVERTISERS
Get behind a
SPIRAL SCREW DRIVER
and get ahead of the job
YANKEE TOOLS NOW PART OF
[STANLEY]^
THE TOOL BOX OF THE
the spiral do the heavy wrist work. A simple push on a turdy "Yankee" drives or draws the screw with a spinning start. Good for years smooth, willing part- Tship with your good right hand. Three sizes, each with 3 size bits. Pop- ular 30A size, range of screws #2 to #8. For one- hand operation, buy the 130A Yankee" with the "quick- return" spring in the handle. Send for the "Yankee" Tool Book
NORTH
]MFG. C?0.
Philadelphia 33, Pa.
12th Edition for EXAMINATION
SEND NO MONEY
Learn to draw plana, eatlmate, be a lire-wire builder, do remodeling, take contracting jobs. Those 9 practical, pro- fusely illustrated books cover subjects that will help you to get more work and make more money. Masonry, con- crete forms, carpentry, steel square, roof framing, construc- tion, plumbing, heating, painting, decorating and many other subjects. More than 4000 pages — 2750 lIlustratlonB.
UP-TO-DATE
EDITION
These books art the most up-to- date and compleU we have ever pub- lished on then many subjects. Examination
BETTER JOBS -BETTER PAY
A nationwide building boom Is In full swing and trained men are needed. Big opportunities are always for MEN WHO KNOW HOW. These books sup- ply quick, easily understood training and tiandy, permanent reference Information that helps solve building problems.
Coupon Brings Nine Big Books For
Publishers since 1898
AMERICAN TECHNICAL SOCIETY Dept. G-936, Drexel at 58th Street, Chicago 37, III. You may ship me the Up-to-Date edition of your nine big books, •"Building, Estimating, and Contracting" with- out any obligation to buy. I will pay the delivery chargei only, and if fully satisfied in ten days, I will send you $3.00, and after that only $4.00 a month, until the total price of only $34.80 Is paid. I am not obligated In any way unless I keep the books.
Name
Addresa
City State
Attach letter stating age, occupation, employer's naioH and address, and name and address of at least one buaineii man as reference. Men In service, also give home address.
FINER FINISH SANDING AT A NEW LOW PRICE!
Double yont production . . . increase your profit . . . sand floors with a new American Super 8! Curs twice as fast as standard 8" machine! Powerful 2 H.P. motor . . . drum speed range 1600 to 2800 r.p.m. assures greatest efficiency under varying conditions ... correct drum pressure selected by varia- ble control — 52 lb. to 103 lb. — to meet all conditions in floors. Operates efficiently even with low Voltage, Plus many more all- new features. Write for bulletin and prices.
AMERICAN Floor Surfacing Machine Co.
520 So. St. Clair St. • Toledo 3, Ohio
14,400
SANDING STROKES
PER MINUTE
EVERY CARPENTER NEEDS
EVERY CARPENTER CAN AFFORD THIS TOOL!
Here for the first time in the building field, is a fast cutting finish sander at a remarkably low price. It's sturdily built to witlistand con- tinuous operation, and has a siraight-line recip- rocating action— leaves no cross-grain or rotary scratches. Weighs 5 lbs. No bearing-down . . . weight of sander does the work. Only 2 mov- ing parts . . . never needs oiling. Uses 110- 120 V. A. C. Dust-proof, fool-proof, fully guaranteed. Size 3%"x4y2"x7". Paper can be changed in seconds. Call your sup- ritmc \ plier or write for details.
DREMEL MANUFACTURING CO.
2422 18th Street
Racine, Wisconsin
/^ HANG THAT DOOR THE PROFESSIONAL WAY!
ilakes a clean-cut, deeply-etclied profile on door. Remove chips. Repeat operation on jamb. Hang doorl No adjustments. No fussing. Precision made. Drop-forged, heat-treated steel. Comes in 3", 3J" 4" (Std) sizes.
ONLY $1.75 ea. — $3.50 a pair (any two) — $5.25 complete set of three. If dealer can't supply, send only $1.00 -with order and pay postman balance plus post- age C. O. D. In Canada, .25c higher per order. No C. O. D. State sizes ■wanted.
USERS PRAISE HIGHLY
"Really a help for the 'old hands' and almost a 'must' for the new boys."
S. H. Glover Cincinnati, Ohio
"The greatest help in
banging doors I have ever seen."
J. Allen Charles
Mullins. S. C.
Comes With Conceded by carpenters to be almost indispensable, Leatherette case g^g hundreds of testimonials in file show. ("E-Z Mark" Trade Mark Reg.)
E-Z MARK TOOLS, Box 8377 DepL C, Los Angeles 16, Cal.
E-Z MARK TOOLS, Box 8377, Oept. C. Los Angeles 16, Calif.
V
hari
I
YOU DO THIS
Clip and mail handy order form below.
Gentlemen: Please send the following "E-Z" Mark Butt Gauges as checked below:
Check Size
□ one of any size $1.75
n two of any size $3.50
n complete set of three any size' $5.25
I enclose check or money order D Send C. O. D D
Name:
Address:
State:
City Zone.
^!^
$900
IN SPARE TIME
"1 did very well last |
year with my Foley
equipment, about 950
taws and 240 lawn '
mowers. In my spare
time. About J900 for
me." Leo H. Mix.
Carpenters Mcike up to $2 or $3 an hour in
Bpare time. With a Foley Automatic Saw
Filer you pan file hand, band and circular
saws better than the most expert hand filer.
Cash business, no canvassing. No eyestrain,
no experience needed.
FREE BOOK
"INDEPENDENCE AFTER 40"
ehows just ho'w you' can start at home in spare time, ■with email investment, no overhead, — and develop into a full- time repair shop. Send coupon today — no salesman ■will call.
S^d 0(Kcfr<ut 7(w FREE BOOK
FOLEY MFG. CO., 1218-0 Foley Bldgr^
Minneapolis 18, Minn.
Send FREE BOOK — "Independence After 40'
Name
Address
LEARN TO ESTIMATE
If you are ambitious to have your own busi- ness and be your o'wn boss the "Tamblyn System" Home Study Coarse in Estimating will start you on your way.
If you are an experienced carpenter and have had a fair schooling in reading, writing and arithmetic you can master our System in a short period of your spare time. The first lesson begins with excavations amd step by step instructs you how to figure the cost of complete buildings just as you would do it in a contractor's office.
By the use of this System of Estimating you avail yourself of the benefits and guidance of the author's 40 years of practical experience reduced to the language you understand. You will never find a more opportune time to establish yourself in business than now.
Study the course for ten days absolutely free. If you decide you don't want to keep it, just return it. Otherwise send us $8.75 and pay the balance of $40.00 at $10.00 per month, making a total of $48.75 for the com- plete course. On request we will send you plans, specifications, estimate sheets, a copy of the Building Labor Calculator, and com- plete instructions. What we say about this course is not important, but what you find it to be after you examine it is the only thing that matters. You be the judge; yoor deci- sion Is fined.
Write your name and address clearly uid give your age, and trade experience.
TAMBLYN SYSTEM
1115 So. Pearl St., C-48, Denver 10, Colo.
■• ALL THE BEST IDEAS of skilled workers in wood for over 70 years have been built into these Stanley Planes. Naturally they feel right and work right. Stanley Tools, 163 Elm Street, New Britain, Connecticut
THE TOOL BOX OF THE WORLD
[Stanley!
Reg. U.S. Pat. Off.
HARDWARE -TOOLS -ELECTRIC TOOLS STEEL STRAPPING -STEEL
No. 5 Plane
AUDELS Carpenters and Builders Guides
4vois.$6
InsideTrade Information
for Carpenters. Builders. Join- ers. Building Mechanics and all Woodworkers. These Gaidea give you the short-cot instruc- tions that yoa want— including new methods, ideas, solutions, plans, systems and money sav- mg suggestions. An easy pro- gressive course for the appren- tice and student. A practical daily helper and Quick Refer-
for the
Carpenters everywhe ing the -^ ■ '
worker.
nply fill in and
lil FEEE COUPON below.
Helping Hand to Easier Work, Better Work and Better Pay. To get this assistance for yourself, eimplx fin i
Inside Trade Information On: mail
How to use the steel square — How to file and
set saws — How to build lurniture — How to use
a mitre box — How to use the chalk line — How
to use rules and scales — How to make joints —
Carpenters arithmetic — Solving mensuration
problems — Estimating strength ol timbers —
How to set girders and sills — How to frame
houses and rools — How to estimate costs — How
to build houses, barns, garages, bungalows, etc.
— How to read and draw plans — Drawing up
specifications — How to excavate — How to use
settings 12, 13 and 17 on the steel square — How
to build hoists and scaffolds — skylights — How
to build stairs — How to put on interior trim — .
How to hang doors — How to lath — lay floors — How to paint
AUDe"" Pubrishers, 49 W. 23rd St., New York 10, N. Y.
Mail Audels Carpenters and Builders Guides, 4 vols., on 7 days' free trial. If OK I will remit SI in 7 days and $1 monthly until S6 is paid. -Otherwise I will return them. No obligation unless I am satislied.
Name • ■ ■ "
Employed by-
CAB
EXCLUSIVE
•MIRACLE WEDGED
•SALT SPRAY STEELE 7ft<MucU OR Siectncc OPERATION
■k Trade Mark