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CONTENTS 1912.

George Archibald McCall (Portrazt) ‘ _ WITMER STONE | Bae % ue)
Bird Migration in Pennsylvania a Hundred Years Ago WELLS W. Cooke e%
A Preliminary Report on Roosting Habits of the Purple Grackle JULIAN K. POTTER. S ye
Pigeons by the Million (A Reprint) Dr. Louis B. BisHoP. OEY
In Days before The Club” . SPENCER Ts 26
Bird Notes . ' 4 ah 33.
Report of the Spring Migration of 1912 WITMER Seong a
Abstract of the Proceedings of the Delaware Valley Bntheles:

ical Club for 1912 J. FLETCHER STREET

Club. Notes: Notes and News

In Memoriam: William H. Werner
Bibliography, for 1912
List of Officers and Members of the D. V. O. C., 1913
Index to Species

PUBLICATIONS OF THE D. V. 0. C.

The Birds of Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey, by
; Witmer Stone, pp. 176 with two maps and portrait of
Alex. Wilson. One Dollar and a‘half. | (Post paid $r. oye
Abstract of Proceedings, Full Set Nos. I-IV. (1890-1900) pp. 98, Fifty cents
Cassinia, published annually beginning with 1901; comprising t
papers relating to the Ornithology of Pennsylvania, ‘
New Jersey and Delaware, and an abstract of the pro-
ceedings of the Club. Edited beginning with No. XV, cir
1911, by Robert Thomas Moore. Subscription price — Fifty cents”

address Delaware Valley Ornithological Club,
: care Academy of Natural Sciences, ,
Logan Square, Philadelphia.

Contributed articles, books, and all publications should be sent to Mr. Robert
‘Thomas Moore, Haddonfield, N. J.

Publication Committee.
FRANCIS R. CopE, Ropert THOMAS Moore, GEORGE SPENCER Morris,

*

otto

SS

CASSINIA

PROCEEDINGS OF THE DELAWARE
VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB

No, XVI. PHILADELPHIA, PA. 1912.

George Archibald McCall

BY WITMER STONE

AN army career in the first half of the nineteenth century
offered the best, indeed often the only, opportunity of visiting
the western and southern wilds of North America, then mainly
populated by Indians more or less hostile to the whites.

Consequently it is not surprising that many an army officer
has contributed materially to our knowledge of the natural his-
tory of the country; some having an inherent interest in nature,
exploration or hunting, others doubtless influenced by the nov-
elties which they found about them.

Prominent among these army naturalists was George A. Mc-
Call, whose name is perpetuated in our American Ornithology
by the Texas Screech Owl, Otus asio mccalli, which was named
in his honor by John Cassin, and described in the well-known
‘¢ Birds of California and Texas’’ ‘‘as a slight memento of long-
continued and unbroken friendship, and in testimony of our
high appreciation of him as a naturalist who has contributed
much of interest and importance, especially to the ornithology
of Western America.”’

D PROCEEDINGS OF THE

George Archibald McCall was born March 16, 1802, at Phila-
delphia, son of Archibald McCall and Elizabeth Cadwalader.
He was educated at West Point Military Academy where he
graduated in 1822, and was commissioned lieutenant in the
Fourth Infantry stationed at Pensacola, Florida. The territory
of Florida had just been acquired by the United States, the
purchase having been ratified in March, 1822. From there Lt.
McCall went with his regiment to Hillsborough [Tampa] Bay,
where the Seminole Agency’s headquarters were located, and
where he remained until sent north on recruiting service in
July, 1830.

In an autobiographical volume which he prepared during the
last years of his life,’ we find many allusions to hunting and
occasionally an ornithological note of interest, although it is
evident that much material of this kind was eliminated from
the journals and letters upon which the volume is based, as
being of little general interest. Fortunately, however, many
ornithological notes from the journal had been furnished to
Cassin and published in his ‘‘ Birds of California and Texas,”’’
to which reference has already been made.

From a letter dated Hillsborough Bay, December 1, 1827,
and published in his ‘‘ Letters from the Frontier,’’ he describes
the shooting of a Flamingo on Anclote Key, thirty miles above
the entrance to Hillsborough Bay, where later he got three
others. Two were adult males and two young of the year ‘‘in
pale, grayish, rose-color’’? plumage. He says: ‘‘As I de-
bouched from the thicket my eye caught sight of the grotesque
figure but splendid plumage of a Flamingo on the beach not
over fifty yards from where I stood. It was the first bird of
the species I had ever seen in the flesh, although I had from
childhood been familiar with the stuffed specimens of the
museums. As the bird had not yet perceived me, I stood for
several minutes to observe his manners. He was standing in
the water knee-deep and was with his great clumsy beak cleans-
ing and arranging the pen feathers on the side of his body, just

1 Letters from the Frontier, written during a period of Thirty Years’ Ser-
vice in the Army of the United States. By Major General Geo. A, McCall,
late Commander of the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, Philadelphia, 1868.

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 3

under his wing. The latter was extended and partially re-
vealed to me the deep scarlet of the wing coverts and the glossy
black of the quill feathers.’’ Having read in Horace of the
famous Roman delicacy, a dish of Flamingo tongues, Lt. Mc-
Call had the tongues of his specimens cooked, but while they
had a delicate flavor they proved so exceedingly oily that only
a small portion could be eaten.

In another letter he describes Millet Key, a small island ab-
solutely covered with eggs while clouds of terns, gulls and
skimmers flew screaming overhead. The eggs were so thickly
spread upon the sand that without great care one could not
walk over the ground without breaking them. ‘‘ Next morn-
ing,’’ he adds, ‘‘ we gathered four or five bushels of eggs from
the ground we had cleared the day before, and I candidly con-
fess, I should not have credited the thing had I not been
present.”’

Lt. McCall seems to have been the first to notice the differ-
ence in the Florida Quail, as he says ‘‘ the Partridges appeared
to me smaller than our northern bird and somewhat differently
marked.’’? These observations are among the first made on the
birds of Florida by an American naturalist.

In 1831 Lt. McCall was appointed Aide-de-Camp to Gen.
E. P. Gaines, and reported at Jefferson Barracks, Mo. From
that time until 1836 he was stationed at Memphis and Nash-
ville, Tenn., Courtland, Ala., and Little Rock and White River,
Ark. At the last place he made the acquaintance of the Prairie
Chicken, which abounded on the Big Prairie all about Mrs.
Black’s Halfway House where travelers stopped.

The year 1836 found him back in Florida under Gen. Worth,
subduing the Seminole uprising, in which campaign he gained
distinction and became a captain on Sept. 21.

The next ten years were spent mainly on the western frontier,
in Missouri and Indian Territory, although he was in Tennessee
in 1838 and Florida in 1841. At Fort Scott, Indian Territory,
he described the hunting of turkeys and grouse and the abund-
ance of Sandhill Cranes.

In 1846, after the declaration of war with Mexico, Capt. Mc-
Call was ordered to join General Taylor and served throughout

4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

the war, gaining distinction in the battles of Palo Alto and
Resaca de la Palma, and was commissioned Major of tae Third
Infantry, December 26, 1847.

In November, 1849, Ges a year’s leave of absence on account
of ill health, he was ordered to Santa Fé, New Mexico. He
reached San Antonio, January, 1850, and traveled over the
route to El Paso, crossing the Pecos February 19, and reaching
his destination March 12, where he remained until August 31.
In the meantime, he had on June 10 been appointed Inspector-
General of the Army, and he now spent several months inspect-
ing other posts in the department of New Mexico.

Inspired no doubt by the novelty of the fauna, General Mc-
Call seems to have paid much more serious attention to orni-
thology during his sojourn in New Mexico than ever before,
and encouraged by Cassin he published, on his return east, his
paper on the birds of this region.’ This was a notable contri-
bution to ornithology, treating of a country practically unknown.
Gambel, who crossed from the Ratone Mts. and Santa Fé to
California in 1841, being apparently the only ornithologist who
had previously entered it. In this paper Gen. McCall describes
as new a Jay, Cyanocorax cassiniu, which proved later to be
Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus, named by Wied in 1841, now
known as the Pinon Jay. Also a Purple Finch, Carpodacus
obscurus, not different from C. mexicanus frontalis, and a Lark,
Otocoris occidentalis, which still stands in our Check List.

In 1852 General McCall was engaged in an inspection of the
military posts of California and Oregon. Just what his route
was upon this tour I have been unable to ascertain, but from
the notes contributed to Cassin he evidently paid close atten-
tion to the birds which he encountered. On April 22, 1858,
finding his impaired health unequal to the duties of his posi-
tion, he resigned and retired to his home ‘‘ Belair’’ near West
Chester, Pa., where he remained until the breaking-out of the
Civil War. He then offered his services to the State and was

‘Some Remarks on the Habits, etc., of Birds met with in Western Texas,
between San Antonio and the Rio Grande, and in New Mexico; with descrip-
tions of several species believed to have been hitherto undescribed. Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., V, pp. 2138-224, 1851.

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 5

made commander of the Pennsylvania Reserves. He rendered
valuable service during 1861 and 1862, especially in the penin-
sular campaign, and was finally captured at Frazier’s Farm,
June 30, 1862, in the seven days’ battle before Richmond. He
was confined in Libby prison until his exchange in August, but
his health was so affected that he was unable to return to the
war, and resigned March 31, 1863. He died February 15, 1868.

General McCall was married August 30, 1851, to Miss Eliza-
beth McMurtrie, by whom he had five children.

He is described by his brother, in a manuscript history of
the family, as a man of extraordinary determination and force
of character, and who possessed much scientific ability. He
describes himself as ‘‘ one for whom nature in her mildest hour
of infancy has always possessed unrivalled charms.’’ He be-
came a member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-
delphia, June 29, 1847, and, besides the paper on the Birds of
Texas and New Mexico already referred to, published in the
Proceedings of the Academy, the following:

‘¢ Description of a supposed new species of Columba inhabit-
ing Mexico, with some account of the habits of the Geococcyx
viaticus Wagler.’’ Vol. III, pp. 283-5, 1847. The new species
Columba solitaria proved to be C. flavirostris described by Wagler
from Mexico in 1881.

‘Notes on some Mexican Birds heretofore not fully de-
scribed.’’ Vol. IV, pp. 68, 64, 1848. Orpheus curvirostris and
Columba leucoptera.

‘¢ Note on Carpodacus frontalis (Say), with description of a
new species of the same genus from Santa Fé, New Mexico.’’
Vol. VI, p. 61, 1852. This was C. familiaris based on excep-
tionally red specimens of C. frontalis.

In addition to these papers there are the numerous contri-
butions to Cassin’s ‘‘ Birds of California and Texas.’’? Indeed
to judge from some statements in Cassin’s letters to Baird, Gen.
McCall seems to have had no little part in starting this publica-
tion. Under date of June 7, 1851, he writes: ‘‘ Col. McCall is
here, constantly engaged in ornithology at the Academy. He
is a devout ornithologist and possesses great knowledge about
western specimens’’; and again, February 9, 1852, he says:

6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

‘¢McCall is quite excited about my new book; he has been
urging me to it for the last six months and is getting notes
ready.’’

It will thus be seen that General McCall played no small part
in building up our knowledge of the North American Avifauna,
although like many other field naturalists he had no selfish de-
sire to gain notoriety by publishing all his notes over his own
name, but gave the results of his experience cheerfully to others,
who could use them in the advancement of his favorite science.

He gave many valuable specimens to the Philadelphia Acad-
emy, not only birds but mammals and reptiles as well, and
among the latter his name is perpetuated in that of the curious
Horned Lizard of New Mexico, Anota mccallii, named by Mr.
Hallowell from a specimen collected by Gen. McCall.

The published observations by Gen. McCall constitute ap-
parently but a small portion of the natural history lore with
which his mind was stocked, but we have enough to show that
he should occupy a high place in that wonderful group of early
naturalists whose activities centered about the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and whose explorations car-
ried them far beyond the then frontier boundaries of our
country.

Bird Migration in Pennsylvania a Hundred
Years Ago

BY WELLS W. COOKE

MopeErn theories in regard to bird migration agree that present
migration routes are but the present stage in development of
routes that have been evolved from other original routes widely
different. How fast changes have taken place there is no means
of knowing, but the present inquiry is an endeavor to learn
whether any perceptible changes have occurred in the past hun-
dred years. The history of bird migration in the United States
dates from the appearance in 1799 of Barton’s ‘‘ Fragments of
the Natural History of Pennsylvania’’, which contains his mi-
gration records for the year 1791 at Philadelphia. Something
about the bird life on this continent had been appearing in print
for many years previously, beginning with Hernandez, who
published in 1628 the first local bird list for this hemisphere,
being a list of the birds of Mexico, and containing 229 out of
the actual 1500 in that country. The first local list of Canada
was issued by Baron de la Hontan in 1703, and six years later
Lawson published his list of the birds of Carolina, the first local
list of the United States. Nearly a hundred years elapsed after
that before any one considered it worth while to record in print
the dates of the arrival of the birds.

Dr. Benjamin 8. Barton was ‘‘ Professor of Materia Medica,
Natural History and Botany in the University of Pennsylvania’,
as the title-page of his ‘‘ Fragments’’ announces, and he wrote
this tract of 42 pages as ‘‘ Part First’’ of a series of treatises
which he hoped to issue, and two others, which he says he
had already in preparation. As they were never published it
seems probable that the first part was not a sufficient financial
success.

(7)

8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

The ‘‘ Fragments’’ are in three parts, an introduction of 15
pages, the main text occupying 14 pages, followed by a 10 page
appendix. Barton explains that he uses Linnean names, but
sometimes those of ‘‘ Professor Gmelin, the laborious and often
successful editor’, and sometimes had to impose new names of
his own making. He first gives the dates of arrival of 99 species
in the spring of 1791, of which 71 are land birds. Next come
notes on 26 species of fall migrants and remarks on the time
when the summer residents depart. Last are four pages of ob-
servations on the ‘‘ Resident Birds of Pennsylvania.’’

’ The notes on the spring arrivals are the most interesting part
of the whole treatise and these will be compared with the dates
at which these same species now arrive at Philadelphia. The
Biological Survey has a very large amount of data on the
arrival of the birds in the vicinity of Philadelphia, and the
average dates compiled from these records are used as the basis
for the comparison with Barton’s dates. He begins with the
arrival of the Red-winged Blackbird March 1st, which is close
to the average. Then no more records until on March 12th he
records the arrival of six species of which the Pheebe is just
about average. The Fox Sparrow is two weeks late, but Bar-
ton says that in 1792 he saw it February 28th, which is just
average. Among these six are the Chipping Sparrow and the
Swamp Sparrow both far ahead of their usual time and both
probably errors. His Chipping Sparrow is probably the Field
Sparrow. The next day he adds the Cowbird just on time; two
days later the Bluebird and the Killdeer, both late; then no
more until April 10th, when he notes the Purple Martin, a week
late; April 15th he records six species all but one of which, the
Barn Swallow, probably came long before. From April 20th
to May 1st he seems to watch arrivals carefully, and most of
his species were probably seen shortly after their arrival. In-
deed, the Kingbird, Baltimore Oriole and Orchard Oriole are
recorded earlier than they are usually seen at Washington, D. C.

After May 1st Barton seems to have lost interest in his migra-
tion watching, and reports no more arrivals until May 12th,
and only a few more for the rest of the season. The eleven
days then from April 20th to May Ist are the period he is

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 9:

watching the birds most closely and when his notes have most
value. It is fortunate that this is the part of the migration
season when birds are little influenced by the variations in the
seasons. The following table gives Barton’s dates of arrival for
the twenty-one species he noted from April 20th to May 1st,
and compares these dates with the average dates of arrival for
Philadelphia computed from the data of the Biological Survey.

Barton’s date of Average date of

Species. arrival in arrival during
1791. late years.

Green Eleron. |) ))6))'66('./\ / «| Aprik'20 April 19
BEGUISE MV TET ee 0s ce ahh Ka) al Nihari (ae Grae
WHaMNSy OWL 6 (ae fel) '4!) ey, 4 8) SO Ran GF)
Mibtp-poor-wall 2) oe.) 0) 8S) 28 Sree
LETioGr Lo i Oe A Ee AE es eae
Baltimore Orioles! oj 6 eyes iia en Bo May 3
Orehard: Oriole yi yg. tf) 28 i 2
CEE DTG ra ae EU Re a 3 April 26
Black and White Warbler. . ‘‘ 23 Seid
Summer Warbler )y.)) jie fe). ir 20 Hae
Northern Water-Thrush . . ‘* 28 2S
Wanbling Vireo ly aes pilcinul te Be i a0
JE Npraaueany ove) On g0 MEN we Rr RU an @ May)
Maryland Yellow-throat . . ‘‘ 30 April 24
Creme ri HN a CS BO) ae
Seamleh Manager fio fe i.) 80 ao.
Red-eved Wireo) s/s) ih te BO eal)
rec Stati men iA A yet ake Nay 4 ch ‘¢ 24
Nirood il mush ei Memes Mal ge 1 STE
Great-Crested Flycatcher. . ‘ 1 ooO
Yellow-breasted Chat . . . ‘ 1 eoo

PNVGRAGE VI jin Cy cea AUDIEHL 2a April 26

The average dates of arrival of these 21 species agree quite
closely with the dates when they were first seen by Barton.
Only one-quarter of the dates vary more than three days from
the average. The differences vary from nine days earlier than:

10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

the present average in the case of the two Orioles to six days
later in the case of the Chimney Swift. The average of the
whole 21 species is within one day of the present average day
of arrival.

So far then as the report of this single season of 1791 is con-
cerned, it indicates that birds have not changed, during the last
100 years, their times of spring arrival.

Two of Barton’s birds have not been used in the above calcu-
lation. One of these, the Red-headed Woodpecker, winters
sparingly at the present time in favorable localities near Phila-
delphia, while the other, the Towhee, is apparently much more
common near Philadelphia now than in Barton’s time and
arrives much earlier than the date noted by Barton.

Barton’s ‘‘ Fragments’’ contains records of the dates of flower-
ing of many of the common trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants.
It is to be hoped that some Pennsylvania botanist who has
dates of the vernal advance of vegetation in these later days will
make a comparison of plant growth similar to that outlined
above for the birds.

Some of Barton’s remarks and observations are interesting
from the standpoint of modern ornithology. He mentions the
Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Purple Martin and Nighthawk as
species known locally in Pennsylvania, but not as common near
Philadelphia. Now all three of them are common there and all
have been known to nest near that city. He failed to discrim-
inate between the Marsh Wren and the Winter Wren, called
them the same bird, and said they remained the whole year.
He says of the Chat: ‘‘This is a bird of very singular form,
manners and language.’’ The coming of the Phcebe seems to
give a ‘‘ confident assurance to the farmer that he may very soon
begin to open the ground and plant.’? The Pennsylvania
Indians regarded the arrival of the Whip-poor-will as a sign of
planting time, while their white neighbors commonly remarked
that when the Whip-poor-will arrives it is time to go barefooted.

Barton devotes four pages to expressing his belief that birds
do not hibernate, and he gives the interesting fact that previous
to the cold winter of 1783-4, the Mockingbird was not rare in
winter near Philadelphia. The Swallow-tailed Kite which he

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 11

saw July 4, 1791, is the earliest record for Pennsylvania, though
it has since been noted a few times, but his is almost the only
record for the state of the Carolina Parakeet, which he reports as
occurring occasionally near Carlisle, and also the only record for
the state of New York, where he reports that the Dutch settlers
near Albany were exceedingly alarmed in 1780 by the arrival
in the depth of winter of a very large flight of Parakeets.

Barton has been led into a gueer error with regard to birds
dividing their time half and half between the summer and winter
homes. He says that in general those species which arrive late
in the spring do not disappear until late inthe autumn. The
facts are just the reverse; the latest birds to arrive are most
likely to leave first, and instead of spending six months near
the nesting site, the extreme is reached in the Orchard Oriole,
many individuals of which begin their fall migration within
seventy days after they enter the state.

The last three pages of the ‘‘ Fragments’’ are devoted to the
usefulness of birds as insect destroyers and to a plea for their
protection. Thus Barton was one of the first champions of that
bird protection which in these later years is at last coming to
fruition.

Preliminary Report on Roosting Habits of the
Purple Grackle in the Delaware Valley

BY JULIAN K. POTTER

On August 1, 1912, Mr. Stone sent out a circular letter to the
migration corps of the D. V. O. C., asking the following ques-
tions concerning the roosting habits of the Purple Grackle:

If there is a regular evening flight near your home,

(1) How long does it take to pass? Does the time of flight
change as the season advances? How many birds pass?

(2) Where do the birds roost? Where do they feed? Where
does the flight start?

(3) When do they abandon the roost? Do they change
their roosting place or feeding ground as the season advances ?

Papers on the subject were received from ten observers: W.
L. Baily, E. C. Emlen, Russell Mason, George Spencer Morris,
S. C. Palmer, C. J. Pennock, J. K. Potter, 8. N. Rhoads,
Witmer Stone and K. R. Styer.

It being the purpose of this report to deal only with the fore-
going questions, much interesting data taking up other phases
of Grackle life could not be considered.

As soon as they arrive in the spring the Grackles gather at a
definite roosting place, generally one occupied for a number of
years. Already they find at this roost a few birds which have
spent the winter there. Mr. C. J. Peck’ and Mr. E. C. Emlen?
have shown that these main roosts are practically permanent
the year round, being deserted completely only for a few days
during severe weather in January and December. During
March the roosts fill up and the number of birds reaches large
proportions, but in April and May the roosts are almost de-
serted again, while the Grackles are busy with courtship and

1 The Overbrook Grackle Roost, Cassinta, 1905, p. 36.
? Notes on the Germantown Grackle Roost, Cassrnra, 1902, p. 22.

(12)

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 138

nesting duties. Although there may be a small nesting colony
in the roost itself, practically all the birds nest in various ever-
green clumps about the neighborhood. For a brief period, four
weeks according to Mr. Lynds Jones,’ the Grackles appear to
stay about the nesting colony trees, although Mr. Peck’s ob-
servations showed that even at this time from two to three thou-
sand returned to the Overbrook roost every night, and Mr.
Emlen states in regard to the Germantown roost that ‘‘all
through the nesting season quite a large number of birds came
back to spend the night.’’ It seems hardly probable that a
large number can be referred to unmated birds. Certainly as
soon as the females commence to incubate, the old males start
to make their nightly trips to the roost, leaving the females to
guard the nests. As the young mature they join the old males
in the sunset flight until by the middle of June, when nesting
duties are over, they commence to appear in flocks of some
size. (Mr. Pennock noted 250 June 12th.) Up to this time the
Grackles come into the roost from all directions, apparently
from the scattered nesting colonies, but as soon as the nests are
completely abandoned and the birds have taken to their feed-
ing grounds, definite lines of flight are established to the roost
and these lines are followed by detached companies of birds.
The establishment of flight-lines occurs about the last week in
June.

In regard to one particular flight-line Mr. Stone writes: ‘‘ For
some years past 1 have noticed during late June and July a
regular evening flight of Purple Grackles passing over my home
near 51st St. and Hazel Ave., West Philadelphia, in a north-
easterly direction toward Kirkbride’s Insane Asylum at 46th
and Market Streets. My idea of this evening flight was that it
represented the old and young from the asylum grounds, return-
ing from their day’s feeding along the Schuylkill or Delaware,
to their nesting-place to roost. This year I paid closer attention
to the flight than during any previous season and came to the
conclusion that the flight of mid-July was altogether too large
to be referred wholly to the birds breeding about the asylum.”’

1 Bulletin 415 Wilson Ornithological chapter of the Agassiz Assoc.

14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

‘(In order to obtain some definite data on the subject I sta-
tioned myself at a window facing to the south and counted the
birds as accurately as possible, as they flew over in detached
bunches or larger flocks. This counting was repeated for sev-
eral nights with the following resulis:

Time. July 22. | July 28. | July 24. | July 25. | July 26.
6.15 3 4
6.20 3 2
6.25 318 9 16
6.30 15 102 11 25
6.35 123 41 108 115
6.40 125 11 15 576 70
6.45 205 433 1 87 141
6.50 137 248 42 311
6.55 23 52 2 4
7.00 103 as
7.05 75
7.10 2

Mota. 02. 808 744 483 841 682

‘Tt will be noted that the time of the flight was approxi-
mately the same except on July 24th which was a cloudy day
with more or less rain, all the other evenings being perfectly
clear. Evidently the amount of light influenced the time of
flight.

‘‘T verified the supposition that the birds were roosting at the
Asylum by visiting the grounds, where I located the birds in
an avenue of maples in the northern part of the west enclosure.
I likewise determined, by visiting the lower Schuylkill during
the time of flight on another evening, that the birds did not come
from there, but did apparently come from beyond Lansdowne,
the flight-line apparently crossing a little south of that place.
I left home on August 1st returning about the end of the month.
I at once took up my station to note the change in time of flight.
and numbers of the Grackles, but not a Grackle did I see from
that time on, either flying over or about the Asylum grounds.

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 15

Evidently the entire roost had gone elsewhere, and as I do not
recall seeing any flights in late August of former years, this
change may be a regular feature of the life-cycle of the species.
I heard of no attempt to drive the birds from their roost at the
Asylum, and there was no apparent disturbing cause.”’

Three interesting facts are brought out by these observations:
first, that the line of flight follows the same course and the same
direction each evening for several weeks of every year; second,
that the Asylum trees are also nesting sites for some Grackles;
third, that this roost was abandoned this year and is probably
abandoned every year long before the southern migration
begins, and has therefore not the same status as the roosts at
Germantown and Overbrook, which are occupied the year round.

Following out these lines of thought, it was noted that the
directions of the flight-lines are permanent for each roost. At
Swarthmore, Pa., Mr. Palmer states, the birds arrive from the
south and southwest; at Germantown they come from the
northwest, north, northeast, and east; at Olney, N. J., Mr.
Morris reports, they come from the southeast; and at Woodbury,
N. J., they appear from the northeast. To all these roosts a
few individuals come in from all directions, but the large flocks
follow the main flight-lines.

In regard to the second fact, observations of the members
seems to suggest that in the beginning most of the roosts were
nesting colonies, but as each wood was occupied by more and
more roosting birds, the nesting Grackles abandoned it for
quieter quarters. This was the case of the Germantown roost,
which was originally the scene of much nesting activity, but
now holds not more than a dozen nests each spring.

That several of the roosts are not permanent for the whole
year and that others are merely gathering-places for each after-
noon is evident from the various reports. The Kirkbride roost
was deserted by the first of August. At Kennett Square Mr.
Pennock reports a woods, to which the males retired during the
breeding season and which was not occupied as a permanent
roost. The author, while hunting for a permanent roost in
Camden County, N. J., came across several gathering-places.
and at least one of these transient roosts.

16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Investigation along a line of flight leading to North Wood-
bury, N. J., showed that the birds passed through three distinct
stages of flocking. From the accompanying plan of the roost
the movements of the Grackles can be easily traced.

P. G. Primary gathering at Collingswood, six =
miles from R.

S. G. Secondary gathering at Westville, one mile
from R.
F. G. Final gathering, 100 yards from R.

R. Roost at North Woodbury.
S. R. Roost occupied by Grackles, about Oct. 1, we

one mile from R.
5.R I

GENERAL PLAN OF GRACKLE ROOSTS,
NORTH WOODBURY, N. J.
Showing formation of one line of flight.

At 5 p. m., August 8th, a small flock was located feeding near
Newton Lake, Collingswood (P. G.). At 5.15 they flew to
nearby trees, and after a short concert took wing, flying south-
west. This line was followed as opportunity presented. On
August 15th, at a point three miles southwest of P. G., about

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 17

two hundred birds were seen to pass in flocks of from two to
forty. The flight started at 5.30, ceasing at 6.45 p.m. On
August 24th at Westville (S. G.) the birds started to gather in
a grove of trees at 5.30 p. m. The flight stopped at 6.35.
Birds came in by detachments of from ten to two hundred,
some of the larger flocks being long-drawn-out and scattered.
About fifteen hundred birds assembled here, coming in from
directions indicated by lines converging at (S. G.). The
Grackles kept up a continual creaking while they waited for late
arrivals. At 6.45, five minutes after sunset, all left in three
compact flocks at intervals of one-half minute, flying southwest
toward the roost, indicated by line running from (S. G.)
ton(h. Gz).

On September 5th, the final gathering place (F. G.), an ex-
tensive wood of high chestnuts, was located at North Woodbury.
The birds commenced to come into it at 5.15, first appearing in
small flocks, later, about sunset, in flocks of five hundred or a
thousand. From (F. G.) the birds started to go into the roost
(R) proper about sunset, over a line of tall shade trees leading
from (F. G.) to (R.). The final gathering-place was used by
the birds only when disturbed by gunners, who frequented the
place. When not disturbed, the large flocks, late arrivals, went
direct to the roost (R).

Examining this data, it is evident that, though some of the
Grackles went through three stages of flocking, the most of them
passed through but two, before they reached the roost. From a
comparison of the times, given for the beginning and end of the
flights, and from other data which was secured along the line of
flight, it can be seen that the birds commenced to gather at
(P. G.), (S. G.), CF. G.) about the same time each evening.
Hence it is undoubtedly true that some of them went through
only one flocking stage and others none at all, flying direct to
the roost from a feeding-ground nearby. Similar gatherings
were noted by other observers, one being observed at a feeding-
ground and two others consisting of huge flocks some distance
from a roost. It may also be observed from this data that the
Grackles, which fed far from the roost and also those nearby,
started to fly at about the same time each evening, those nearest

18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

the roost arriving earliest. Of course, stormy and cloudy weather
advanced the time of the flight, as was noted by Mr. Stone. It
should also be mentioned that the number of birds along the
flight-lines varied greatly at different dates. At a point where
200 were seen August 22d, only 1 was observed September Ist.
On August 24th 1500 Grackles gathered at Westville, but on
September 15th only 500. This indicated that the exact loca-
tion of the feeding-grounds had probably changed, though not
enough to alter the direction of the flight-line.

The birds in the North Woodbury roost (R) increased in
numbers till about the middle of September, when they aggre-
gated about six thousand birds. From this time they slowly
decreased, until on October 1st only a dozen birds approached
the roost. These circled about it a few times and flew due north,
almost in the opposite direction to the main flight-line. Up to
this date the daily routine of flocking at the various gathering-
places had been kept up, but now the secondary gathering-place
at Westville broke up, though the flight-line was not altered.
Investigation on October 8th located the birds in a much larger
piece of woodland (8. R.), one mile north of the old roost.
The numbers of the birds had increased enormously. The roar
of their evening concert could be heard a quarter of a mile away.
About twenty thousand birds roosted here until the third week
in October, when they gradually disappeared. The last birds
were seen October 26th. The unexpected abandonment of the
roost (R) was very similar to the mid-summer abandonment of
the Kirkbride roost, and it seems likely that Mr. Stone’s sug-
gestion is correct, that the smaller roosts combine as the season
advances.

The main facts of the various roosts, other than those already
noted, are as follows: Germantown roost, situated in growth of
deciduous and coniferous trees in the town. Occupied by birds
about forty years. Formerly a large nesting site. Largest num-
ber occupying roost, fall of 1912, about ten thousand. Most
birds depart about last week in October. Number of birds
remain till later, some all winter. These birds roost in the
conifers. Other species observed roosting with Grackles—Robins,
Cowbirds, Red-winged Blackbirds and English Sparrows.

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 19

Swarthmore roost, moved several times in and near the town.
Occupied for thirty years. Trees, deciduous and coniferous,
of low and high growth. Used as nesting colony in spring.
Largest number of birds recorded in fall, about five thousand.
Most of birds left last week of October, 1912. A few seen up
to December 15. Other species roosting, Robins and Cowbirds.

Kirkbride roost, situated in mixed growth at Kirkbride’s
Asylum, 46th and Market Sts., Phila. Used as nesting colony
in spring. Occupied by birds in fall to number of one thou-
sand. Roost deserted some time in August. Other species
roosting, Red-wings, Starlings, Cowbirds.

North Woodbury roost, situated in grove of Sweet Gum trees
one acre in extent, in outskirts of town. Occupied by birds
till about October 1st. Then moved about one mile north.
Located in tract of woodland forty acres in extent, composed
almost entirely of scrub oak, only a few tall trees. No traces of
nests. Said to have been used at least six years. Birds left
for south last week in October. Other species occupying roost,
Robins and Starlings. Robins came to roost independent of
Grackles; Starlings came in associated with them. The Robins
remained in the old roost after the Grackles had removed to
the new, but the Starlings accompanied the Grackles and appar-
ently deserted the new roost at the same time the Grackles did,
a possible clue to the rapid spread of the Starling southward.

Audubon roost. Very little data. Birds occupied tall trees
in and about the town to extent of about one thousand. Strange
to say this roost was located within one mile of the line of flight,
which passed from Collingswood to North Woodbury, yet at no
time were birds observed to fly in direction of Audubon.

Summing up the foregoing, any kind of growths, whether
high or low, are satisfactory for roosting purposes. Grackles
appear to occupy the same roost year after year. When the trees,
in which the roost is located are removed, the roost is then
stationed at some favorable point in the neighborhood. Perse-
cution of birds, other than destruction of trees, does not appear
to affect roost stability. The main lines of flight come to each
roost from the same general direction, but the direction varies
greatly in different roosts. The number of birds occupying the

20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

different roosts varies greatly and constantly increases up to the
middle of September or later. This increase may be partially
due to the arrival of migrating birds from the north, but our
data points to a combination of the smaller roosts. The depar-
ture of the main body of Grackles occurs about the last week in
October, two of the observers noting that the roosts are virtually
abandoned immediately after the first hard storm takes the
leaves off the roosting trees. Further investigation by the
members of the Club during the coming summer is expected to
bring together much more data for the solution of the problems,
suggested by this report.

Pigeons by the Million’
The Great Nesting Grounds in Pennsylvania

** Bradford, Penna., May 8.—Millions of wild pigeons are
nesting in the woods on the borders of Forest and Warren
Counties, in what is known as the Spring Creek region. The
country thereabout is almost an unbroken wilderness, a few
bark-peelers, log-cutters, and oil well ‘ wild-catters’ forming
the entire population. The vast beech woods that cover much
of the area afford the food that attracts the pigeons to the
locality, every fruitful beechnut year being sure to be followed
by the appearance of the birds in greater or less numbers. The
beech tree is uncertain in its yield of nuts, and never bears two
years in succession. When the trees bear well thousands and
thousands of bushels of the nuts fall to the ground after the
frosts of Autumn. They are covered by the falling leaves and
buried deep beneath succeeding snow, their soundness and
sweetness are preserved, and on the approach of Spring the
pigeons swarm to the beech woods to feed on the nuts, which
are their favorite food, and at the same time mate, nest, and
hatch their young.”’

At this point the unknown author propounds an astounding
theory that during the southern migration the main body sends
out ‘‘ flocks of scouting pigeons’’ to the beech woods to learn
the ‘‘ condition of the nut crop,’’ and that this information is
used the following Spring to decide the location of the great
nesting colonies! The source of this theory and in fact much

1 This article, offered for reprinting by Dr. Louis B. Bishop, appeared in
the Sunday issue of the New York Times, May 9, 1886, and is valuable as a
contemporary account of a species virtually extinct. Although some of the
statements are rendered dubious by a context of astonishing theories, there is
a residue, sufficiently reliable to warrant a reprint almost in full. Italics and
comments are the editor’s.

(21)

22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

of the article seems to be the ‘‘ professional pigeon netters, who
make it a business to keep posted on the movements of wild
pigeons and to follow them wherever they may fix their roost-
ing and nesting places.’? He adds that ‘‘all of the common
wild pigeons in this country form one great colony ’’ and when-
ever the food conditions are favorable, ‘‘the entire body of pigeons
nest . . . in one locality.”’ He admits, however, that ‘‘it is
generally arranged by the birds . . to nest in two or three colo-
nies in different parts of the country,’’ and continues, ‘‘the
last time the Pennsylvania beech was populated by the main
body of visiting birds was in 1880, when they filled five miles
square of the woods in Forest County. The roost this Spring
in those woods is much smaller in dimensions. In 1880 the
birds began to arrive in the woods as early as February, and
for two weeks there was a ceaseless influx. The snow was still
deep in the woods, and the pigeons swept down upon it by the
million and by using their wings uncovered the buried beech
nuts. Untold thousands perished from starvation and cold
during the first two weeks of the roost.’’

‘¢ Another large division of the main colony sought feeding
grounds that year in Indian Territory, and another in the Mich-
igan woods, but the woods in Pennsylvania was so much larger
than the others, and so easy of access and convenient to the
market, that the professional netters came from all parts of the
country to Forest County. The roost broke up in the latter
part of April, and in that time more than $200,000 was received
by netters and hunters for pigeons and squabs killed and netted
in the woods. The main body of the wild pigeon colony of
North America nested in Forest County in 1867, 1868, 1871,
1878 and 1880. Itisthis year in Missouri. Twenty-five years
ago the beech woods of Sullivan County, N. Y., less than a hun-
dred miles from New York City, were still so extensive that the
main body of the colony roosted there as it had done in that
county and in the adjoining counties of Wayne and Pike, Penn.,
at intervals, ever since the earliest days of the white settlements.
It is not because these birds are becoming extinct that they are
seldom seen nowadays in localities where they were abundant a
few years ago, although they are ruthlessly destroyed every

Be Se

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 23

Spring, wherever they may roost; but their disappearance from
old haunts is due to the destruction of former roosting and
nesting place.”’

‘‘The appearance of the pigeons in the Spring Creek woods
and in the woods along Palate Creek has been quickly followed
by hundreds of hunters and netters, both professional and
amateur. The farmer, the bark peeler, the villager, the oil
scout, and the wild-catter are now out in force, and, in spite of
the strict law forbidding the capturing of wild pigeons during
the nesting season, are making away with the birds and their
young by the thousand every day. Besides the barrels full of
pigeons and squabs that are daily shipped away from every
available railway station myriads of the birds are killed and
left to rot in the woods.”’

‘¢ As soon asa colony of wild pigeons is settled in its roosting
place the mating of the birds begins. The cooing of thousands
upon thousands of pigeons in the roost during the courting
period is kept up constantly for three days. This is the love
note of the male. A tom pigeon, as the male is called, selects
the hen he fancies, and wooes her alone. If another tom wants
her, there must be a fight between the rivals, which is always a
fierce one. The hen perches on a limb near by while the fight
for her possession is going on, and when it is over she is claimed
by the winner, and she becomes his at once. She has no other
mate during the succeeding nesting period, and if a hen loses
her mate she remains a widow until the next season. The tom
gathers sticks and moss to make the nest with and his wife
builds the nest. It takes three days to complete the nest. She
lays one egg generally, but sometimes two. While she is on
the nest the tom carries her the choicest food he can find and
takes his place on the egg every afternoon for an hour or two
while the hen takes an airing. There may be 50 nests in one
tree. The egg is 18 days in hatching. The young bird is fed
by its parents for 13 days. The food is sometimes carried 20
miles or more by the old birds. By some mysterious process it
is changed in their crops toa sort of whey. This the young
bird sucks from the crop by inserting its beak in the open mouth
of the old bird. This food is called ‘pigeon milk.’ When the

24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

squab is 13 days old it is as round and fat as a butter-ball, and
is left to itself by its parents. The woods are constantly full of
these comical looking birds during the nesting time. They
cannot fly for two or three days, and during that interval they
tumble and stagger about like tipsy men. By and by they find
their wings. These helpless squabs are virtually ‘scooped up’
by the thousand and shipped to market. They are worth $3 a
dozen. A pair of pigeons hatch three broods before the roost
breaks up. Then the mass of birds separate and go to all parts
of the country in isolated flocks that are seen from late in the
Spring until Fall. In November they gather together and seek
a common home for the Winter.’’

‘* Before glass balls and clay pipes ever came into use profes-
sional netters made an especial business of capturing the bird
alive. One netter, who always appears with the birds in Forest
County, frequently netted and disposed of 50,000 birds in a
single season to sportsmen’s clubs to be used in shooting
matches. That branch of the business has now shrunk to
small proportions. Netting pigeons is a simple and effective
method of capturing the birds by wholesale.’’ The rest of the
paragraph describes the method of netting, by which a net,
‘sometimes 20 by 40 feet in extent’’ is attached to two hickory
poles, which have one end fastened flat on the ground. Then
the poles with the net are bent back and fastened to two stakes,
in such a way that they can be sprung by a rope from ambush.
The ground over which the net is fo spring ‘‘is spaded up and
scattered over with salt or buckwheat.’’ ‘‘ Wild pigeons,’’ he
states, ‘‘are fond of salt, as an old woodman discovered by see-
ing them gather about the salt springs in Michigan 10 years
ago.’’ ‘Tf the netter is operating before the pigeons are nest-
ing,’’ he uses ‘‘a pigeon with a long string tied to its leg.’
The bird by its fluttering attracts the pigeons to the food.
During nesting time ‘‘a stool pigeon is used’’, which is always
blinded by sewing its eyelids together to prevent it from seeing
and giving warning to the wild birds. ‘‘As many as 1,100
pigeons have been caught by a single springing of a net.”’

‘Tn spite of all the destruction that weather, netters, hunters,
hawks, crows, and other enemies of the wild pigeon work in a

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 25

pigeon roost, it is more than probable that more pigeons leave
the woods when the roost breaks up than enter it at the begin-
ning of nesting.’’ This comforting statement and what follows.
reminds one of the present attitude of complaisance toward the
destruction of our diminishing wild fowl. He continues: ‘‘'The
roost of 1880 in Forest County, it was estimated, contained not
less than 2,000,000 pigeons, and that naturally this number
was increased by 38,000,000 hatched during the stay in the
county. The same ruthless hunting of the birds on and off
their nests, by night and by day, which is now going on in the
present roost, was carried on in 1880 by a much larger force of
law breakers, but after all their destruction it could not be dis-
covered, anywhere in the woods, where the trees contained
apparently one less bird than they did before the slaughter be-.
gan. A gentleman who visited the Spring Creek region recently
says that one cannot walk in any direction a rod through the-
woods without coming upon scores of dead and wounded
pigeons. The McKean Gun Club, an association of gentlemen
who believe only in legitimate sport, are taking measures to.
send representatives to the roosting and nesting grounds to
arrest all persons guilty of violating the strict game law. Dur-
ing all the year that this law in regard to wild pigeons has been
openly and notoriously broken in this part of Pennsylvania, a.
single arrest of an offender has never been made.’’

In Days Before): Phe @lnbi

SomME PHILADELPHIA BirD COLLECTIONS AND COLLECTORS

BY SPENCER TROTTER

THIs paper is reminiscent of youthful days spent in the de-.
lightful pursuit of ornithological study. Very few persons that
I knew then seemed to care much about birds. A cousin in
New York, Newbold T. Lawrence, a nephew of the ornithologist
George N. Lawrence, early fired my zeal in the direction of form-
inga collection. Newbold Lawrence had a fine collection of birds
‘stowed in a great case of drawers, over which I used to linger as
a boy when staying at his home in New York. It was he who
first instructed me in the art of making a bird-skin. That was
at his summer home near Far Rockaway, Long Island, back in
the early seventies. I have a vivid recollection of this first
bird-skin —it was a Least Tern. Lawrence had a very complete
collection of the water fowl, bay snipe, and plover of the Long
Island coast. I have spent many hours with him on the salt
marshes, lying in a ‘‘ blind’? on the border of the ‘‘ Big Pond,”’
or some of the other shallow waters of these ‘‘ flats,’’ shooting
Yellowlegs, Dowitchers, Willets, and other species over the
‘“stools.’? One of the visits to his New York home was a red
letter experience. I took supper one evening with ‘‘ Cousin
George’’ (George N. Lawrence), who showed me his splendid
collection and told me of his early acquaintance with the great
Audubon, and also of a certain Philadelphia collector of birds,
one Christopher D. Wood, who had a shop on Market Street,
Philadelphia, somewhere between Thirty-fourth and Thirty-
Sixth Streets. On that visit I was presented with a copy of
Coues’ ‘‘ Key,’’ 1st edition, by my uncle. On another visit I
met Harold Herrick, who later married one of my cousins, a
sister of Newbold. Herrick had recently described the inter-

(26 )

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 27

esting Warbler, Helminthophaga lawrencei, named by him in
honor of George N. Lawrence. He had also published a list of
the birds of Grand Manan. All this, however, concerns New
York and not Philadelphia.
Armed with ‘‘ Chris’? Woods’ address I soon found my way
to his shop and expended twenty-five cents on the skin of a
‘Chestnut-sided Warbler. For many years after I was on in-
timate terms with the genial ‘‘ Chris,’’ a constant visitor to his
shop, which was always redolent of the smell of bird flesh, dried
skins and arsenic. Wood was really a wonderful collector and
a splendid field ornithologist, but he had no more idea of
scientific ornithology than a cat. He belonged to a race that
has become well-nigh extinct; a peculiar race of unlettered men,
‘but possessed of a marvelous instinct for finding birds and with
lots of information as to the habits and notes of various species.
I remember ‘‘ Chris’’ once saying that, if you heard a Chipping
Sparrow’s song in the woods, it was sure to be a Worm-eating
Warbler that was the performer, for a Chippy was not a dweller
in woodland, and the songs of the two birds had a certain re-
‘semblance. Woods’ father and one or two of his brothers were
also good collectors. Charlie Wood was taxidermist in John
Krider’s old gunshop at the N. E. corner of Second and Walnut
Streets at onetime. John Krider himself belonged to this same
type, a quasi-scientific sportsman. Public sentiment against
killing song birds, the spread of suburbs over the near-by
countryside, the wilder woodlands thus becoming more and
more remote from the city, and the precarious livelihood de-
‘pendent upon taxidermy and commercial bird-collecting, were
factors in the extinction of this interesting race.

The instinct to collect things isa kind of bower-bird trait that
develops in many normal individuals at a certain period of their
lives. Its particular nature may be predetermined by circum-
stance—a few books, running later to first editions (and in some
cases to book-plates), stamps and coins, clocks and china (I
-even know a man, who at one time collected wish-bones, and
thought the wish-bone of a Bobolink his highest acquisition),
butterflies and birds’ eggs. Out of it all may come an orderly
arrangement of the mind—a life-long pursuit, a master in some

28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

branch of technical study, or it may all become the junk of
abandoned youthful enthusiasms. It seems to me that of all
things, the most lasting and refreshing, the most liable to lead
to some permanent good to the individual, is the collecting of
natural objects, for it takes the devotee away over the hills and
out under the wide sky, and therein lies much of the inspiration
of the natural history collector—the incipient state of mind that
makes a good naturalist. The butterfly net, the fishing for
species rather than sport, the small-bore gun and the dust-shot
load—what meanings they have in the life of the mind! Inthe
days of which I am writing about it was not uncommon for
men to go shooting in the fall of the year, and a variety of the
smaller birds, Meadow Larks, Robins, Blackbirds and Flickers,
fell to their guns. Nor was this slaughter considered so dia-
bolical a crime as it is to-day. And these were ordinarily
humane gentlemen, mark you! I remember that Cousin George:
Lawrence went robin-shooting every autumn for years, and
probably my very first interest in birds came when as a small
chap I used to pick up Red-headed Woodpeckers, Flickers,
Bluejays and Cedarbirds that my father shot on the hills near
Baltimore. Very well I remember the Wild Pigeon that he
killed out of a small flock that flew over us on one of these
occasions. This going afield with a gun was, I think, a survival
of old pioneer days. Iam glad that these days are past, but I
am glad also that I was born before they had wholly disappeared.
The camera has come, and these recent collections of bird pic-
tures are full of wonderful interest, but among the formative in-
fluences of my youth, and in the days of ‘‘ Chris’? Wood, out-
door photography was but an ill-developed art. A man is in
large measure always a part of his youthful fancies and his
youthful environment.

I reaped many a good harvest from ‘‘ Chris’? Wood’s gun,
and my bird collection grew apace, but his data were not with-
out question. He never kept a note or Jabeled a specimen.
The locality and approximate date of a specimen’s capture were
generally all that I could get out of ‘‘Chris.’? The peculiar
hybrid Swallow came into my hands a few days after it was:
shot, and also the second specimen of Brewster’s Warbler.

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 29

Both of these birds brought me into relations with the then
young men of the Nuttall Club and with their newly-started
‘‘Bulletin.’”? The Swallow later brought a great letter from
Elliot Coues and also a notice of it in his ‘‘ Birds of the Colo-
rado Valley.’? During the years 1878-79 and ’80 I was a
Jessup Fellow at the Academy of Natural Sciences, working on
the bird collection which was in a state bordering on chaos. In
those days I met Coues, Baird, and two British ornithologists,
F. Ducane Godman and Henry Seebohm. Mr. Seebohm had
come over from London to look up some specimens of Thrushes
in the Academy’s collection, on which family he was then en-
gaged in writing a monograph. From ‘‘ Chris’? Wood I got
some good data for a list of rare birds taken by him around
Philadelphia. This paper was sent to the Linnean Society of
New York and first published in ‘‘ Forest and Stream,’’ and
later in the ‘‘ Nuttall Bulletin.’’ It was all fine enthusiasm in
those days.

At school, in the early seventies, I first met Will Collins, a
boon companion who, like myself, was just starting to make a
collection of birds. JI have his collection now at Swarthmore;
my collection went to Bryn Mawr. Collins made an honest
collection ; the majority of the specimens were shot by him-
self around his home, on a farm near Frankford. Before ill
health forced him to give up, he had accumulated most of the
species of the smaller land birds of this district. The days
spent with Collins hunting birds over that country about his
farm are among the most delightful recollections of my youth.
We both became quite expert in the use of an implement, called
the ‘‘slap-jack,’’ and a good many interesting birds fell into our
hands through this means, especially when pursuing birds in
more or less thickly-settled places. I remember one day in
October, 1876, Collins and I started for the Centennial Exhi-
bition in Fairmount Park. We got as far as Snyder’s Woods,
a most attractive spot in those days and really quite wild, when
‘the sight of some shy migrant lured us from the path. Pres-
-ently I heard Collins calling in a low voice, and when I reached
him he was standing under a small tree, on one of the lower
limbs of which sat a little Saw-whet Owl, at which he was pep-

80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

pering away with his slap-jack. He finally hit it, and then we
walked back to my home in the city and made a skin of it that
evening. On another occasion, one September morning, Collins
shot a Philadelphia Vireo from among some willows on the
breast of an old dam near his Frankford home. In September
of the following year, I shot another of this species at a spot not
a quarter of a mile from where Collins captured his bird. This
was rather remarkable for a species quite rare in this region.
In those days the Dickcissels used to nest in certain fields of
timothy and clover about the farm (we called them Black-
throated Buntings). Collins and I each got several specimens,
but we did not realize how limited was their eastern distribution
or how soon they were to vanish from this locality. In May
and June the dry, monotonous note of the bird could be heard
all day long from fence rail or telegraph wire along the road
near these fields) Among many interesting birds secured by
Collins in his neighborhood were a female Blue Grosbeak and a
Mourning Warbler, the former taken in the fall of 1879. The
winter of that year (January and February) was remarkable for
great numbers of Red-poll Linnets, of which Collins secured a
goodly lot. Through Collins I first heard of S. N. Rhoads, of
Haddonfield, N. J., an enthusiastic young ornithologist whose
early promise has been amply fulfilled. He it was who first re-
ported the nesting of the Blue-winged Yellow Warbler in Chester
County, Pa., as an early contribution to the ‘‘ Nuttall Bulle-
tin.’? George Spencer Morris rose on my horizon a little later,
though I did not meet him for some years. Both of these orni-
thologists have made valuable collections, much of Rhoads’ ma-
terial being now in the collection of the Academy. William L.
Baily I have known from boyhood, but he was not inoculated
with the bird fever until the days when he was a student at
Haverford College. J know that he made a good collection,
but later dropped the gun for the camera, with which he has
done such splendid work. William L. Abbot, I also knew asa |
frequenter of the Academy, a good field ornithologist and old
time collector. I met him one day in the fall of 1890 and told
him that I had a fine baby boy. He retorted that he had a fine
elephant gun and was just starting for East Africa after big

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 31

game. I do not remember having seen him since that day.
All of the young ornithologists I have just mentioned made col-.
lections of birds around Philadelphia, and these, together with
their notes on various species, laid much of the foundation of
our present useful data.

Somewhere along in these years I made the acquaintance of
Mr. John McIlvaine, a retired lumber merchant of West Phila-
delphia. He was a delightful old gentleman, and I always re-
member him as wearing a high silk hat in his own home. He
was still collecting birds, which he mounted in remarkably life-
like attitudes. William Freedley was another ornithologically-
inclined sportsman and egg-collector. About this time, too, I
met William F. Lee of West Chester, Pa., who had he lived
would have been my brother-in-law. Lee was an artist in tax-
idermy and a good all-round ornithologist. His collection of
mounted birds is still at his mother’s home in West Chester.
What delightful additions Lee and Collins would have made to-
our coterie of Club members had they lived, both as ornitholo-
gists and as companions !

Witmer Stone and Stewardson Brown were making a fine col-
lection of birds in the Germantown district during the eighties,.
but I did not meet Stone until he came to the Academy as a
Jessup student. I believe that I voice the sentiment of all who
know him that he is the bright and particular star in our orni-
thological firmament, and that the life and vigor of our Club
has been in largest measure due to his broad knowledge and.
untiring zeal.

In later days I came to know Charles J. Pennock, and with
him I have renewed my youth and enthusiasm in the field.
C. J. is an old-time ornithologist and not much of anything
rare and desirable gets into Delaware that gets out again, with-
out leaving a record of itself in the shape of either hide or note.
Pennock began his ornithological life away back in the seventies,
but his earlier work was largely about Ithaca, N. Y., and
Princeton, N. J., and around his home at Kennett Square,
Penna.

One other ornithologist I must mention, though he was not of
our generation and did not regard himself as an ornithologist—.

32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

the late Professor Edward D. Cope. His was a brilliant and
widely-ranging mind, of a vast acquirement of knowledge and
profound philosophy. He was a pioneer in the study of faunal
distribution, and his review of the zodgeographical regions in
the ‘‘Bulletin’’ of the U. 8. National Museum published in
1875, contained much interesting matter relating to the ranges
of various birds. The copy which he presented to me, and
which I still have, opened a new field of interest and one to
which I have ever since been attracted. Cope edited a small
book, ‘‘Our Own Birds,”’ written by William Lloyd Baily (an
uncle of our Wm. L. Baily). Among Cope’s extensive collec-
‘tion of vertebrates was a small collection of bird skins, which
had been made by Bernard Hoopes, who like Cope, belonged
to the generation before us. I remember this collection as con-
‘taining several specimens of the Cape May Warbler and, rarest
-of all, a Bachman’s Warbler. This collection is now a part of
the Academy of Natural Science’s collection.

There must have been many other persons interested in orni-
thology during these years, but I did not have the good fortune
to meet them. That was in the days before The Club. To me,
the one great feature of the Club has been the bringing together
of men of like tastes and interests—pleasant companions to fore-
gather with at the meetings, where communications and discus-
sions enrich one’s mind and fill the days that follow with much
fine thinking about birds and men and the background of the
world beyond the door-step—of deep woods and tangle-bordered
streams, of wind-swept beaches and lonely marshes, of the up-
lifting hills, and over all the light and dark of the brooding sky
—the highway of the bird.

General Notes

ReEcorps oF UNusuaAL OccURRENCES FoR 1912!

Holboell’s Grebe. Kennett Sq., Pa. (Pennock), Feb. 15.
Caspian Tern. Brandywine Cr., Pa. (Sharpless), Sept. 27.
Canvasback. Fish House, N. J. (Potter), March 23-31.
American Bittern. Haddonfield, N. J. (Moore), Jan. 20.
White Egret. Audubon, N. J. (Tatum), Sept. 4.
White Egret. West Chester, Pa. (Brinton), summer, 1911.
White Egret. Sugar Bridge, Pa. (De Haven), July 26, 1911.
Field Plover. Bred Westtown, Pa. (Rhoads), spring, 1910.
Semipalmated Plover. Chester, Pa. (Carter), May 16.
Semipalmated Plover. Camden, N. J. (Potter), May 21-26.
Golden Eagle. Germantown, Pa. ( Windle), Nov. 1.
Baltimore Oriole. Haddonfield, N. J. (Moore), Jan. 16.
Lapland Longspur. Delaware City, Del. (Pennock), Feb. 5.
Prothonotary Warbler. Egg Harbor R., N. J. (Emlen),
May 4.
Cerulean Warbler. Moorestown, N. J. (Linton and Mickle),
May 14.
Yellow Palm Warbler. Moorestown, N. J. (Hallett), Dec.
25, 1911.
Mourning Warbler. Westtown, Pa. (De Haven), May 25.
Mockingbird. Kennett Sq., Pa. (Pennock), Dec. 15-Jan. 4.
Mockingbird. Concordville, Pa. (Palmer and Styer), through
winter.

1These records are unusual either on account of locality or date. For
details see Migration Report.

(33 )

34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

CuristMaAs List, Dec. 257TH, 1912.

Moorestown, N. J.

6:30 a. m. to 7:00 a. m. and 7:50 a. m.

to 4:50 p. m. clear; 9 in. snow; wind west, light; 18° (at start).

co

Duck (species unknown)
Great Blue Heron .
Bob-white :
Mourning) Dove) anne
Marsh Hawk
Sharp-shinned Haniel
Cooper’s Hawk
Red-tailed Hawk . .
Red-shouldered Hawk
Sparrow Hawk .
Long-eared Owl .
Belted Kingfisher .
Hairy Woodpecker
Downy Woodpecker .
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker.
Flicker BHAT eel etal
Horned Lark

Blue Jay.

Crow .

Starling . Stent ao) hie
Meadowlark (singing) . 30

“IO PRO WF DF WL oo RH eH & bb Pp

rar
Or
“I ot

Goldtinehiyine ONG
White-thoated Spano Ban oy)

Tree Sparrow . 141
Chipping Sparrow. . . 1
Meld Sparrow (i) 2/6 2
Junco. B15

Song Sparrow (Ginga 80-
Swamp Sparrow :
Cardinale 000) 0% ae
Northern Shrike ( ne
Carolina Wren .

Winter Wren

Brown Creeper. . .
White-breasted Natures
Red-breasted Nuthatch
Tufted Titmouse

Chickadee

Golden-crowned Kinelene
Robin .

Bluebird .

Ol CO mR Re we

wo CO oo Ht OD

Total, 41 species, 968 individuals.

JoHN D. CARTER,

M. ALBERT Linton,
WiiiamM B. Evans,
GEORGE H. HALLert, JR.

Report of the Spring Migration of 1912

CoMPILED BY WITMER STONE

Forty-nine schedules were returned in 1912. Weagain thank
those who are aiding in this important work and urge them to
interest others in the study. Names of capable observers should
be sent to Mr. Wm. E. Roberts, Chairman of the D. V. O. C.
Migration Committee, Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan
Square, Phila., who will furnish schedules or answer inquiries
regarding the work.

The record increases in value with each year and should not
be allowed to deteriorate. The observers for 1912 were as
follows.

New Jersey.

Cape May, H. Walker Hand.
Atlantic City, Norma 8. Cromie.
Vineland, Mrs. Alice K. Prince.
Downstown, Wm. W. Fair.
Yardville, Rachel E. Allinson.
Bordentown, Minnie V. Flynn.
Three miles S. E. of Trenton, Richard M. Abbott.
Beverly, J. Fletcher Street.
Bernardsville, J. D. Kuser.
Englewood, W. W. Grant.
Rancocas, Frances B. Stokes and Emily Haines.
Moorestown, Anna A. Mickle.
Moorestown, M. Albert Linton.
Moorestown, Margaret 8. Roberts.
Moorestown, Elizabeth A. Roberts.
Moorestown, Agnes M. Wierman,
Haddonfield, Mr. and Mrs. Robert T. Moore.
Camden, Julian K. Potter.
| (35 )

36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Pennsylvania.

Kennett Square, Charles J. Pennock.
Concordville, Katherine R. and Elizabeth P. Styer.
West Chester, Isaac G. Roberts.

West Chester (near), Mrs. Hugh P. Brinton.
Westtown, Miss Sarah C. De Haven.
Swarthmore, Mary S. Pusey.
Swarthmore, Eleanor A. Bye.
Swarthmore, Samuel C. Palmer.

Crum Creek, S. Earl Riddle.
Lansdowne, John D. Carter.
Lansdowne, Edwin L. Nicholson.
Media, Lydia G. Allen.

Moylan, Benj. F. Whitson.

Ardmore, Wm. L. Baily.

Haverford, Wm. J. Serrill.

Wayne, Mary K. Baker.

Wayne, Leonard S. Pearson.

Rosemont, Saml. Scoville, Jr.

Bryn Mawr, Emily H. Thomas.

West Philadelphia, Leonard S. Pearson.
West Philadelphia, Thomas R. Hill.
Darby, Jesse E. Packer.

Holmesburg, Henry W. Fowler.
Frankford, Richard F. Miller.

Fox Chase, Alexander Patman.

George School, W. W. Swayne.
Collegeville, Henry Fox.

Doylestown, Russell Mason.
Norristown, Martha Simpson.
Harrisburg, A. F. and Elizabeth A. Satterthwait.
Lopez, Otto Behr.

The month of February was marked by temperature slightly
below normal. The first half of the month was the colder and
snow and ice covered the ground until the 18th. A marked
rise in temperature occurred on the 25th bringing numbers of
Purple Grackles and Robins. Then the temperature fell, reach-

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. yf

ing the lowest point March 2-4, with a mean of 24° and snow
fall on March 4, 5 and 6. No migration was noted until the
8th when the snow had disappeared and flocks of Red-winged
Blackbirds passed north. A gradual rise culminating on the
18th brought many Fox Sparrows, Field Sparrows, Kildeers
and Flickers.

A sudden fall brought the mean temperature to 32° on the
21st and more or less rain prevailed. In spite of this a marked
rise in temperature culminating on March 29 brought a flight
of Flickers, Field, Chipping and Vesper Sparrows.

A marked warm wave on April 6 brought the Hermit
Thrushes and one on April 16 the Ruby-crowned Kinglets.
The great migration waves of the month however were on the
22d and 27th with but slight rise in temperature and cloudy
weather. The former movement consisted of House Wrens,
Thrashers, Yellow Palm Warblers, Barn Swallows, Chimney
Swifts and Towhees; the latter of Wood Thrushes, Catbirds,
Maryland Yellow-throats, Ovenbirds, and Black and White
Warblers.

Then came a period of cold rain, the temperature rising again
by May 2, and an immense migration of Warblers, etc. on May
3 and 4 then rain until May 9 and the greatest movement of
the season on May 11, closing the migration.

The fact brought out in last year’s report, that birds moving
at the same time are affected in the same way by weather con-
ditions so that early migrants may be late and late migrants
early or vice versa, is clearly demonstrated by this year’s record
as well as the fact that the time of arrival except in the early
migrants, which winter just to the south of us, does not vary to
any great extent.

These facts may be seen by glancing down the appended list
in which the species are arranged in order of their arrival, the
dates being the average of eleven years’ bulk arrivals at Phila-
delphia computed in the usual way. The + or — figures
represent the number of days that the 1912 dates were earlier
or later than the average.

38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Purple Grackle

Robin H
Meadowlark .

Fox Sparrow . :
Red-winged Blackbird
Flicker . :
Phoebe .

Cowbird

Kingfisher

Vesper Sparrow
Chipping Sparrow .
Sapsucker :
Hermit Thrush ‘
Ruby-crowned Kinglet .
Yellow Palm Warbler
Towhee.

Barn Swallow

Bank Swallow

Chimney Swift

Brown Thrasher

House Wren . , :
Black and White Warbler
Spotted Sandpiper .
Maryland Yellow-throat.
Grasshopper Sparrow
Yellow Warbler

Catbird .

Ovenbird

Wood Thrush

Redstart .

Black-throated Blue Warbler .

Parula Warbler

Crested Flycatcher.
Kingbird

Baltimore Oriole

Scarlet Tanager
Blue-winged Warbler
Chestnut-sided Warbler .

J+4++4+] 41

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1X)
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DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB.

Red-eyed Vireo. : k ‘ ‘ Se i Ve a
@hag t 4 ; 4 . Hd ee 8 — 8
Rose-breasted Grosbeak . : i f LON Ri 8 — 1
Indigobird . : ; i i } ae 0 8 — 2
Magnolia Warbler . ! ; k : SMAPS td Soi Smee Ae
Bobolink ) ! i : ; : ie 9 — 2
Olive-backed Thrush . ; A , bine 9 — 3
Hummingbird : : : Y : ONY eT MeL 0
Wood Pewee. ‘ 6 : : i CR eo 0
Yellow-billed Cuckoo . ! : i COG SSO RAP oti IH)
Blackpoll Warbler. : : é : BIA ID MNES A
Canada Warbler . ! , ‘ s BRUSSEL ey aE

Two striking features of this spring’s migration were the scar-
city of Bluebirds and the unusual abundance of Goldfinches in
April.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE

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44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Holboell’s Grebe, Colymbus holboelli. Kennett Square, one
killed, February 15 (Pennock).

Horned Grebe, Colymbus auritus. Fish House, N. J., April
20 (Potter). '

Pied-billed Grebe, Podilymbus podiceps. Delaware River at
Riegelsville, March 30 (Carter); Fish House, N. J., March 31—
April 6 (Potter); George School, April 1 (Swayne); Beverly,
April 9 (Street); Maurice River, N. J., Oct. 12 (Prince).

Loon, Gavia immer. Petty’s Island, N. J., one shot February
21 (Miller); Fish House, N. J., May 4-5 (Potter).

Herring Gull, Larus argentatus. Bridesburg, September 1-
May 19 (Miller); Delaware River, Oct. 4 to May 25 (Mickle) ;.
Oct. 12 to May 138 (Potter); one at Swarthmore, March 23 (Pal-
mer); up the Delaware as far as Holland, March 29 (Carter);
five flying northeast over Darby, April 6 (Packer); Yardville,
N. J., one, April 14 (Allinson).

Caspian Tern, Sterna caspia. Two shot on the Brandywine at
Lenape, Chester Co., Pa., September 28 (R. P. Sharples).

Common Tern, Sterna hirundo. Four on Delaware at Chester,
May 17 (Carter); Fish House, N. J., May 7, 9 and 12, one or
two each day (Miller).

Wilson’s Petrel, Oceanites oceanicus. Cross Ledge Light, Del-
aware Bay, many flying about fishing boats, July 4 (Prince).

Merganser, Mergus americanus. Fish House, N. J., Feb. 12—
May 25 (Potter); Schuylkill River, Phila., January 2-February
24 (Fowler); Buckshutem, N. J., May 28 (Prince).

Black Duck, Anas rubripes. A pair, Rancocas, N. J., Janu-
ary 31 (F. B. Stokes).

Green-winged Teal, Nettion carolinense. Doylestown, March
30 (Mason).

Pintail, Dafila acuta. Fish House, N. J., large flocks, Feb-
ruary 21 (Miller).

Wood Duck, Aix sponsa. Holmesburg, April 9 (Miller);
Doylestown, May 14 (Mason).

Redhead, Marila americana. Pensauken Creek, N. J., com-
mon, November 4—5 (Miller); Fish House, N. J.. March 23-
May 10 (Potter).

Canvasback, Marila valisineria. Fish House, N. J., March
23-31 (Potter).

|
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S. 42.

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Baltimore Oriole ............... May 8
Purple Grackle................. Feb. 27

Chipping Sparrow ............. Apr. 5

Wie wine ese ees seeesc se tacos Mar.27

HORT ODIRGY...e cere: oaks tecMocss Apr. 22
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umple Martin f22.0-.6c. 2-0 Apr, 2
Barn) Swallows icc. e5sis0. ceo. Apr. 5

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Black and White Warbler.,.|Apr.28

Chestnut-sided Warbler......|.........

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Maryland Yellow-throat. Apr.25

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Brown Thrasher,............... Apr. 5

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aN BUCKS JCQUKTY
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nite we S Meteen g N TABLE II.
Beh \, NSO Rincocas
@ iA Ss
rear foun novey SPRING MIGRATION, 1912.
HARLIEST DATES OF ARRIVAL OF
THIRTY-TWO SPECIES AT NINETEEN
STATIONS OUTSIDN THR PHILADEL-

PHIA CIRCLE,

BEN ‘
COUNTY \

\

t

CLL “EaTOn ¥

emcatcty
eran)

c'
& GLONCESTER CRUNTY WMERIOE
THE DELAWARE VALLEY

Shoring circle of fen miles around
PHILADELPHIA

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 45

'Scaup, Marila marila. Fish House, N. J., March 3—-May 25
(Potter); Maurice River, Buckshutem, N. J., a pair, May 18
(Prince).

Goldeneye, Clangula clangula americana. Fish House, N. J.,
March 23 ( Potter).

Ruddy Duck, Erismatura jamaicensis. Maurice River, Oct.
20 and July 3 (Prince).

Greater Snow Goose, Chen hyperboreus nivalis. Flock of five
at Cape May, N. J., February 25 (Hand).

Whistling Swan, Olor columbianus. Trenton, N. J., two on
April 27 (Abbott).

Bittern, Botawrus lentiginosus. Shores of Maurice River, N. J.,
November 3—May 17 and all summer (Prince); Haddonfield,
N. J., one caught alive, January 20 (Moore); Wayne, one on
April 21 and May 5 (Pearson); Pensauken, N. J., April 20 (Pot-
ter); Cape May, N. J., May 8 (Hand); Yardville, N. J., May 4
(Allinson); Trenton, N. J., April 11 (Abdott); Moorestown,
N. J., May 3 (Mickle).

Least Bittern, Ixobrychus exilis. Camden, N. J., June 24
(Potter). None in Richmond marsh this year, a few at Brides-
burg (Miller).

Great Blue Heron, Ardea herodias herodias. Moorestown, N.
J., April 14 (Mickle) ; George School, April 2 (Swayne); Holmes-
burg, May 10, and Bethayres, May 15 (Miller).

White Egret, Herodias egretta. One on Newton Creek near
Audubon, N. J., September 4 (J. W. Tatum); One on the
Brandywine near West Chester for two weeks during summer
of 1911 (Brinton); Probable the same one seen July 26 and on
several other occasions, near Sugar Bridge, W. Bradford Twp.
(S. C. De Haven).

Little Blue Heron, Florida caerulea. South Vineland, N. J.,
two seen and one examined which was killed by camper, Aug.
13, 1911 (Potter).

Clapper Rail, Rallus crepitans crepitans. Arrived Maurice
River, N. J., April 5 (Prince); Avalon, N. J., eggs May 30
( Miller). }

Sora, Porzana carolina. Buckshutem, N. J., September 14
( Prince).

46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Florida Gallinule, Gallinula galeata. Moorestown, N. J.
Male found dead May 4 (Mickle) ; Richmond, nest and ten highly
incubated eggs June 1; Bridesburg, nest with eight eggs June
12 (Miller).

Coot, Fulica americana. Caught in dense fog, Aramingo, No-
vember 11 (Miller).

Woodcock, Philohela minor. Cape May, N. J., scarce only
saw 7 or 8 during the entire spring (Hand); Maurice River,
April 25 (Prince); George School, April 13 (Swayne).

Wilson’s Snipe, Gallinula delicata. Arrived Cape May, N. J.
March 17, large flight May 7 and 8 (Hand); Barnegat, N. J.
April 8 (Pearson); Beverly, N. J., April 7 (Street); Tinicum
and Bridesburg, March 23 (Miller).

Least Sandpiper, Pisobia minutilla. Cape May, N. J., May
8 (Hand); Camden, N. J., May 8-May 26 (Potter); Bridesburg,
May 18 (Miller); Doylestown, May 5 (Mason).

Semipalmated Sandpiper, Hreunetes pusilla. Camden, N. J.,
May 19 (Potter).

Field Plover, Bartramia longicauda. Bred at Westtown,
Spring 1910 (S. NV. Rhoads).

Hudsonian Curlew, Numentus hudsonicus. Cape May, N. J.,
April 14 and May 21 (Hand).

Greater Yellow-legs, Totanus melanoleucus. Pensauken Creek,
N. J., May 4 (Miller).

Willett, Catoptrophorus semipalmatus semipalmatus.’ Cape
May, N. J., March 22, also flocks August 20-24, 1911 (Hand);
Cape May, N. J., one Aug. 27, 1911 (Potter).

Black-bellied Plover, Squatarola squatarola. Cape May, N. J.,
May 8 and 21 (Hand).

Killdeer, Oxyechus vociferus. Buckshutem, N. J., some re-
mained all winter (Prince); Pensauken, N. J.. common No-
vember 4 and 5, and two pair bred at Holmesburg (Miller).

Semipalmated Plover, Aegialitis semipalmata. Three flying
up Delaware River at Chester, May 16, weather foggy, wind
N. E. (Carter); Camden, N. J., two frequented a meadow May
21—May 26 (Potter).

1 Western Willet, C. s. inornatus ?

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 47

Bob-white, Colinus virginianus virginianus. Plentiful at Cape
May, N. J., keeping to the woods feeding on acorns (Hand).

Mourning Dove, Zenaidura macroura carolinensis. Moores-
town, December 25, 1911 (Hallett).

Marsh Hawk, Circus hudsonius. Doylestown, November 11
and April 5 (Mason).

Cooper’s Hawk, Accipiter cooperi. Gladwyn, eggs May 13.
(Miller).

Red-tailed Hawk, Buteo borealis borealis. Camden, N. J., last
seen March 2 (Potter).

Red-shouldered Hawk, Buteo lineatus lineatus. Camden,
N. J., last seen March 3 (Potter).

Broad-winged Hawk, Buteo platypterus. Wayne, arrived April
21 (Pearson); Darby, one on April 25 (Packer); Holmesburg,
nest with two eggs, May 20 (Miller); pair bred at Gladwyn
( Miller).

Rough-legged Hawk, Archibuteo lagopus sanctijohannis. Tini-
cum, March 23, and Holmesburg, March 27 (Miller); one at
Castle Rock, April 5 (Riddle); one on Darby Creek, April 20.
( Baily).

Bald Eagle, Halizetus leucocephalus leucocephalus. Gathering
nesting material, Dennis Creek, Cape May Co., N. J., April 5
(Hand); Buckshutem, N. J., May 28, taking fish from Osprey
(Prince); Beverly, May 30 (Street); Holmesburg, November 2
(Fowler); seen January 10, 1911, near Stroad’s Mill, E. Brad-
ford Twp., Chester Co., Pa., afterwards shot (S. C. DeHaven);
Bernardsville, N. J., May 31 (Kuser).

Golden Eagle, Aquila chrysaétos. One shot at Germantown,
November 1, and examined by Francis Windle.

Barn Owl, Aluco pratincola. Camden, N. J., Jan. 11, 1912
(Potter); Lansdowne, January 1 and March 26 (Carter); Hun-
tingdon Valley, May 15 (Miller).

Long-eared Owl, Asio wilsonianus. George School, one found
dead, February 16 (Swayne).

Barred Owl, Strix varia varia. Pensauken, N. J., Oct. 13,
1911 (Potter).

Saw-whet Owl, Cryptoglaux acadica acadica. Camden, N. J.,.
Dec. 38, 1911 (Potter). :

48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Coccyzus americanus americanus. Chel-
tenham, eggs, May 31 (Miller).

Black-billed Cuckoo, Coccyzus erythrophthalmus. Moorestown,
N. J., Aug. 8, 1911, found dead (Mickle).

Belted Kingfisher, Ceryle alcyon alcyon. Holmesburg, Janu-
ary 23 (Miller).

Hairy Woodpecker, Dryobates villosus villosus. Camden, N. J.,
nested (Potter); Moorestown, N. J., May 3 (Mickle); two nests
with eggs, Holmesburg, May 1 (Miller).

Downy Woodpecker, Dryobates pubescens medianus. Nest
with eggs Holmesburg, May 10 (Miller).

Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, Sphyrapicus varius varius. Doyles-
town, January 7 (Mason).

Red-headed Woodpecker, Melanerpes erythrocephalus. Kennett
Sq., January 23, one (Pennock); Buckshutem, N. J., young
bird November 3 (Prince).

Flicker, Colaptes auratus luteus. Doylestown, seen all winter
(Mason); Holmesburg, January 24 and February 26 (Fowler);
Ardmore, January 14 (Baily); Haverford, January 27 (Serrill);
Vineland, N. J., a few all winter (Prince); Holmesburg, Janu-
ary 23 (Miller).

Chimney Swift, Chaetura pelagica. Moorestown, N. J., Oct.
7, 1911 (Mickle).

Ruby-throated Hummingbird, Archilochus colubris. Bustle-
ton, nest and eggs June 22 (Miller).

Phoebe, Sayornis phoebe. Frankford, December 13 (Miller).

Acadian Flycatcher, Empidonix acadicus. Bustleton, eggs
June 12 (Miller).

Horned Lark, Otocoris alpestris alpestris. Six at Rancocas, N.
J., January 29, 30 (Stokes and Haines); Camden, N. J., flock
of 20, Feb. 12 (Potter); Kennet Sq., flock of 10, January 5
(Pennock); Concordville, January 4 (Styer); Flock of 75 at
Villa Nova, January 14 (Baily); flock of 17 at Darby, February
9 (Packer); Doylestown, flock on January 1 (Mason); Delaware
City, Del., February 5 (Pennock).

Blue Jay, Cyanocitta cristata cristata. Camden, N. J., two
Jan. 14 (Potter); Trenton, N. J., one March 11, common in
April; none during winter (Abbott); occasional at Wayne until

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 49

April, then common (Pearson); Frankford, none from October
until April (Miller); none until March 30 at Media (Allen);
none at Swarthmore until March 16 (Palmer); Darby not until
April 15 (Packer).

Crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos. Young hatched
April 20 Frankford (Miller).

Fish Crow, Corvus ossifragus. Pensauken Creek, N. J., eggs
May 19 (Miller).

Starling, Sturnus vulgaris. Abundant all winter in north-
eastern Philadelphia, and twenty nests were found in late April
and May, usually in Flickers’ holes. Young hatched by May
10, second sets laid after middle of June (Miller); George School,
present all winter, increasing in numbers, several nests
(Swayne); Phoenixville, two June 9 and breeding at Wayne
May 1 (Pearson); four at Yardville, N. J., in autumn and early
spring (Allinson); Westtown, occasionally since January 3, at
one time a flock of 20 (S. C. De Haven); Holmesburg, flock all
winter (Fowler); Swarthmore, appeared for the first time Janu-
ary 6 (Palmer); Cape May, N. J., nesting March 8 (Hand). —

Bobolink, Dolichonyz oryzivorus. Moorestown, N. J., August
15, 1911 (Mickle).

Cowbird. Atlantic City, N. J., January 13 (Cromie).

Baltimore Oriole, Icterus galbula. One found dead at Had-
donfield, N. J., January 16, 1912 (R. T. Moore).

Meadowlark, Sturnella magna magna. Nest with young just
hatching, Mt. Moriah, May 26 (Hill).

Purple Grackle, Quiscalus quiscula quiscula. Holmesburg,.
January 22 (Fowler).

Purple Finch, Carpodacus purpureus purpureus. West Chester,
September 10 to April 11, large flocks March 2 to April 11
(Roberts); flocks observed at Rosemont February 24, March 3,
10 and 17 (Scoville); very common at Haddonfield, N. J., No-
vember to January (Moore); Doylestown, flock of 11, February
23 (Mason); Wayne, March 30-May 11 (Pearson); Trenton,
N. J., Feb. 9 to April 25 (Abbott); Bernardsville, N. J., April
24 (Kuser); Moorestown, N. J., Feb. 1-April 7 ( Wierman);
Camden, N. J., Dec. 5 and April 16 (Potter); three at Swarth-
more January 28 (Palmer); Lansdowne, April 20 (Micholson);

50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Kennett Square, February 4, six (Pennock); Concordville, March
5 Styer).

Crossbill, Loxia curvirostra minor, George School, January
27, one bird (Swayne); four at Media, January 29 (Allen); three
at Swarthmore, April 30 (Palmer); Germantown, February 1
CHa Cope,( dn).

Lapland Longspur, Calcarius lapponicus lapponicus. Delaware
City, Del., specimens obtained February 5, 1912 (Pennock).

Redpoll, Acanthis linaria linaria. Trenton, N. J., February
13 (Abbott); Doylestown, January 1 and February 4 (Mason);
Rancocas, N. J., January 16 (Haines); flock of fifteen, Haddon-
field, N. J., January 5-13 (Moore).

Goldfinch, Astragalinus tristis tristis. Harrisburg, flock of 50
to 100, May 8 to 5, and abundant for three weeks (Satterthwazt);
common after April 6 (Pearson); exceptionally abundant in
early May at Ardmore (Baily); not common at Swarthmore
until end of April (Palmer); unusually abundant at Downs-
town, N. J. (Fair); unusually plentiful at Yardville, N. J.
(Allinson).

Pine Siskin, Spinus pinus. Doylestown, November 18 and
February 23 (Mason); irregular, Nov. 19 to Feb. 22, on Upper
Crum Creek, Delaware Co., Pa. (Riddle); two or three feeding
on dandelion seeds, Swarthmore, April 26, 27 and 30 (Palmer);
Wayne, several, April 27 (Pearson); West Chester, March 30
and May 15 (Roberts).

Henslow’s Sparrow, Passerherbulus henslowi henslowi. Buck-
shutem, N. J., arrived May 7 (Prince).

Sharp-tailed Sparrow, Passerherbulus caudacutus. Avalon,
N. J., eggs, May 30 (Miller).

Seaside Sparrow, Passerherbulus maritimus maritimus. Mouth
of Maurice River, N. J., May 16, last seen 1911 on October 19
(Prince); Avalon, N. J., eggs, May 30 (Miller).

White-crowned Sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys leucophrys.
Darby, one on May 19 (Packer); Concordville, May 11 (Styer);
Holmesburg, May 10 (Miller).

White-throated Sparrow, Zonotrichia albicollis. Vineland,
N. J., September 29-May 8 (Prince); Moorestown, N. J., Sept.
20 to May 15 (Wierman); Crum Creek, October 1—-May 12

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 51

(Riddle); Frankford, September 27—-May 15 (Miller); Westtown,
September 19-May 6 (S. C. De Haven); West Chester, March
28-May 10 (Roberts); Wayne, March 80-May 12 (Pearson);
last seen Swarthmore May 4 (Palmer); Lansdowne, April 20
(Nicholson); Camden, N. J.,. May 10 (Potter); George School,
May 1 (Swayne); Harrisburg, May 19 (Satterthwait).

Tree Sparrow, Spizella monticola monticola. Westtown, De-
cember 25—March (S. C. De Haven); arrived at Doylestown
November 18, Frankford November 5 (Miller); last seen at
Darby March 31 (Packer); Crum Creek, Dec. 24—March 10
(Riddle); Camden, N. J., March 23 (Potter); West Chester,
March 27 (Roberts).

Junco, Junco hyemalis hyemalis. Moorestown, N. J., Sept.
20 to May 1 (Wierman); Westtown, September 27-April 11
(S. C. De Haven); West Chester, October 9—April 17 ( Roberts);
Crum Creek, October 8—April 28 (Riddle); Lansdowne until
April 12 (Nicholson); Holmesburg until April 13 (Fowler);
Frankford, October 10-April 26 (Miller); Doylestown, October
8—May 5 (Mason); Downstown, N. J., October 15-April 14
(Fair); Yardville, N. J., October 25-April 24 (Allinson); last
seen Darby, April 28 (Packer); Concordville, April 28 (Styer);
Camden, N. J., April 28 (Potter); Trenton, N. J., April 21
(Abbott).

Swamp Sparrow, Melospiza georgiana. Bridesburg, eggs May
16 (Miller).

Fox Sparrow, Passerella iliaca iliaca. Atlantic City, N. J.,
January 21 (Cromie).

Chewink, Pipilo erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus. Camden,
N. J., Dec. 24, 1911 (Potter); Cape May, N. J., some all winter
(Hand).

Cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis cardinalis. George School,
April 1 (Swayne); one pair in Elmwood Park, Norristown
(Simpson); Wayne, regular resident, but local (Pearson); Con-
cordville, rather more than usual (Styer); Vineland, young just
left nest May 8 (Prince).

Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Zamelodia ludoviciana. Eddington,
nest and three half-grown young June 9 (Miller).

Scarlet Tanager, Piranga erythromelas. Busleton, nest and
three eggs June 18 (Miller).

52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Purple Martin, Progne subis subis. Moorestown, N. J., Sept.
3 (Mickle).

Tree Swallow, Iridoprocne bicolor. Avalon, N. J., eggs May
30 (Miller).

Red-eyed Vireo, Vireo olivaceus. Fox Chase, eggs June 6
(Miller).

Northern Shrike, Lanius borealis. One at Milford, N. J.,
November 30, 1911 (Moore); one at Beverly, N. J., February
10 (Beatty); Moorestown, N. J., March 17 (A&ckle); Kennett
Square, one on January 23 (Pennock); Westtown, one seen sev-
eral times in January (S. C. De Haven); one at Swarthmore
January 28 (Palmer); Frankford, December 13, November 17
(Miller).

Migrant Shrike, Lanius ludovicianus migrans. New London,
Chester Co., September 8, and Landenburg, October 14, one
bird each time (Roberts).

Black and White Warbler, Mniotilta varia. Wissahickon,
young left nest June 15 (Miller).

Worm-eating Warbler, Helmitheros vermivorus. Wissahickon,
nest and four eggs, June 4 (Miller).

Prothonotary Warbler, Protonotaria citrea. Seen on Egg
Harbor River, May 4, and positively identified (A. C. Hmlen).

Blue-winged Warbler, Vermivora pinus. Cape May Court
House, May 25, and nest and eggs at Bustleton, May 23 (J/ller).

Golden-winged Warbler, Vermivora chrysoptera. Kennett
Square, May 10 (Pennock); Darby, one on May 4 and May
11 (Packer); Doylestown, May 6 (Mason); Holmesburg, May 10,
Bethayres, May 15 (Miller).

Nashville Warbler, Vermivora rubricapilla rubricapilla. Doyles-
town, May 38 (Mason); Moorestown, N. J-, May 4 (Linton);
West Chester, May 4 (Xoberts).

Tennessee Wanplen Vermivora peregrina. West Chester, May
2, one only ( Roberts).

Cape May Warbler, Dendroica tigrina. Moorestown, N. J.,
May 11 (Mickle); unusually common and seen on four different
days (Linton); Westtown, May 10, several (S. C. DeHaven).

Yellow Warbler, Dendroica exstiva exstiva. Building at Vine-
land, N. J., May 18 (Prince).

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 53.

Myrtle Warbler, Dendroica coronata. Atlantic City, N. J.,.
January 7 (Cromie); Doylestown, January 9 (Mason).

Cerulean Warbler, Dendroica cerulea. Moorestown, N. J.,
May 14 (Mickle). Bird observed continually under most favor-
able circumstances, and song heard. Same bird seen also by
Linton.

Bay-breasted Warbler, Dendroica castanea. Doylestown, May
10 (Mason); Holmesburg, four on May 10 (Miler); West Ches-
ter, May 15 (Roberts); Kennett Square, May 19 (Pennock); one
on Crum Creek, May 19 ( Riddle); common at Swarthmore, May
11 (Palmer); Rancocas, N. J., May 12 (Stokes and Haines);
Moorestown, N. J., May 10 (Mickle); May 10 and 19 and two
intervening days, unusually plentiful (Linton); Trenton, N. J.,
May 6 (Abbott); Bernardsville, N. J.. May 11 (Kuser).

Black-poll Warbler, Dendroica striata. Kennett Sq., until
May 28 (Pennock); Moorestown, N. J., May 29 (Mickle).

Blackburnian Warbler, Dendroica fusca. Moorestown, N. J.,
unusually abundant (Mickle).

Yellow Palm Warbler, Dendroica palmarum hypochrysea.
Moorestown, N. J., December 25, 1911 (Hallett).

Ovenbird, Seiwrus aurocapillus. Bustleton, eggs May 27
(Miller).

Louisiana Water Thrush, Sezurus motacilla. Doylestown,
April 18, and one in same place April 8, 1911 (Mason); Wissa-
hickon, adults and young June 15 and 19 (Miller); Wayne,
May 26 (Pearson).

Kentucky Warbler, Oporornis formosus. Valley Falls, eggs
May 29 (Miller).

Mourning Warbler, Oporornis philadelphia. Westtown, May
25 (S. C. De Haven).

Maryland Yellow-throat, Geothlypis trichas trichas. Bustleton,
eges May 23 (Miller).

Hooded Warbler, Wilsonia citrina. Doylestown, one on May
5 and 6 (Mason); Collegeville, May 6 (Fox); West Chester, May
4 (Roberts). .

Wilson’s Warbler, Wilsonia pusilla pusilla. Doylestown, May
6 (Mason); West Chester, May 15 (Roberis); Bernardsville, N.
J., May 11 (Kuser); Beverly, N. J., May 19 (Street); Moores-

54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

town, N. J., May 18 (Linton); Mt. Moriah, May 18 (Hill);
Darby, one on May 11 and 19 (Packer).

Redstart, Setophaga ruticilla. Cape May Court House, two
birds seen May 25 (Miller); South Vineland, N. J., June 29 in
full song (Potter).

Titlark, Anthus rubescens. West Chester, flock on May 2
(Roberts), and another some miles west of West Grove, October
8, 1911 (Roberts); Cheney, November 3, 1912 (S. Trotter);
Doylestown, flock of 200 April 6 (Mason); Trenton, N. J.,
March 20 (Abddott); Kennett Sq., flock of 100 April 11 (Pen-
nock); Concordville, May 1 (Styer).

Mockingbird, Mimus polyglottos polyglottos. Kennett Square,
one observed from about December 15 to January 4 (Pennock) ;
Concordville, one seen from December 2 through the winter
(Styer); same bird observed during very cold weather, January
14, by (S. C. Palmer).

Brown Thrasher, Toxostoma rufum. Atlantic City, N. J.,
January 21 (Cromie); Pensauken, N. J., eggs May 4 (Miller).

Carolina Wren, Thryothorus ludovicianus ludovicianus. Con-
cordville, scarcer than usual (Styer); Camden, N. J., less
common than usual, seen Nov. 14 and Dec. 3 (Potter).

Winter Wren, Nannus hiemalis hiemalis. Downstown, N. J.,
January 9-16 (Fair); Swarthmore, January 17 and 28 (Palmer);
Crum Creek, November 7—April 14 (Riddle); first seen Frank-
ford, September 18 (Miller); last seen Darby, April 20 (Packer);
Wayne, April 13, scarce (Pearson); Trenton, N. J., March 27
(Abbott).

Long-billed Marsh Wren, Telmatodytes palustris palustris.
Richmond, eggs June 1 (Miller).

Brown Creeper, Certhia familiaris americana. Doylestown,
November—April 26 (Mason); West Chester, October 14 to
April 20 (Roberts); Wayne, frequent March 80—April 24
(Pearson); Upper Crum Creek, October 12—April 5, not common
(Riddle); Swarthmore, common in January (Palmer); Frank-
ford, October 2—April 24 (Miller); Moorestown, N. J., Feb. 26
and March 10 (Mickle); Sept. 25 ( Wierman); Last seen, Darby,
April 28 (Packer); Camden, N. J., April 20 (Potter); Kennett
Square, April 14 (Pennock).

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 5d

Black-capped Chickadee, Penthestes atricapillus atricapillus.
Doylestown, November 15-May 5 (Mason); Westtown arrived
November 14 (S. C. De Haven); More frequent than usual at
Media (Allen); Common all winter at Swarthmore (Palmer).

Carolina Chickadee, Penthestes carolinensis carolinensis. West
Grove, one pair observed near West Grove July 28-September
11, 1911, none at West Chester (Roberts).

Golden-crowned Kinglet, Regulus satrapa satrapa. Doyles-
town, November 19-April 18, not common (Mason); Frank-
ford, September 5-April 24 (Miler); West Chester, October 3—
April 12 (Roberts); Crum Creek, October 1 to April 5, not
common (Riddle); Wayne, March 17-April 13, a few (Pearson);
arrived Westtown October 12 (S. C. De Haven); Moorestown,
N. J., Sept. 20 (Wierman); last seen at Darby April 15
(Packer); more frequent than usual at Media (Allen); not com-
mon at Swarthmore (Palmer).

Hermit Thrush, Aylocichla guttata pallasi. Frankford, one
December 7 (Miller).

Robin, Planesticus migratorius migratorius. Atlantic City, N.
J., January 7 (Cromie); Frankford, January 17 (Miller);
Downstown, N. J., January 17 (Fair); Trenton, large flocks in
January (Abbott); West Chester, one all winter (Brinton);
Darby, January 1 (Packer); Wayne, January 6 (Pearson);
Frankford and Holmesburg occasionally during January (Fow-
ler); Mt. Moriah, January 28 (Hill); Ardmore, January 13
(Baily); Lansdowne, January 28 (Nicholson); one bird passed
the winter at Media (Allen); and five were at Concordville
January 6 (Styer); several at Swarthmore all winter (Palmer);
West Chester, one all winter (Brinton); Doylestown, several
wintered, sometimes six seen at once in January and February
(Mason); also resident at other points (see schedules).

Bluebird, Sialia sialis salts. Common at Swarthmore during
January and February, but rarely seen afterwards (Palmer);
decidedly scarce in northeastern Philadelphia, have not seen
more than two dozen this year, and none after April (Miller);
vrey scarce at Media (Allen). Only two seen at Ardmore after
February 17 (Baily).

Abstract of the Proceedings of the D. V. O. C.,
Igi2

January 4, 1912. Twenty-second Annual Meeting. Twenty-
seven members present. The following officers were elected for
the ensuing year:

President. Samuel N. Rhoads.

Vice-President. Stewardson Brown.

Secretary. J. Fletcher Street.

Treasurer. Samuel C. Palmer.

The following standing committees were appointed to serve
during 1912:

On Publication. Cope, Moore and Morris.

On Migration. Carter, Roberts and Stone.

On Field Work. Baily, Pennock and Street.

Mr. Stone made a report on ‘‘ Bird Migration of 1911.’’ Mr.
Morris read a biography of the Catbird.
The meeting adjourned to the annual collation.

January 18, 1912. 'Twenty-four members and two visitors
present. Mr. William L. Baily addressed the Club upon ‘‘A
Trip to the Magdalen Islands’’, illustrated with lantern slides.
The bird life of Bird and Little Bird Rock was described, with
reference to the life and habits of the Gannets, Murres, Kitti-
wakes, Puffins, Petrels and Razor-billed Auks inhabiting these
islands. Mr. Moore supplemented Mr. Baily’s remarks with a
description of the flight of the Gannet.

February 1, 1912. 'Twenty-six members present. Mr. Stone
made a communication entitled ‘‘ Another Word on the Formi-
cariidae.’’ Mr. Stone illustrated how these groups, although
belonging strictly to South America, bear superficial resem-
blance to our song birds.

(56 )

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 57

February 15, 1912. Twenty-three members present. Mr.
Mr. Samuel Rhoads was appointed a delegate to the Academy
Centennial Celebration to be held March 19th to 21st inclusive.
Mr. Rhoads spoke on ‘‘A Trip to Ecuador with Special.
Reference to the Tierra Templada.’’ The talk was illustrated
with lantern slides depicting the character of country traversed
and illustrative of many interesting associations. In the neigh-
borhood of Mt. Pichincha sixteen species of humming birds
were observed.

March 7, 1912. Three visitors and twenty members present.
Mr. Moore gave an interesting account of the ‘‘ Birds of the
Magdalen Islands.’’ The talk was illustrated by lantern slides.
Photographs depicting the nesting habits of several species of
birds were shown. A report on the field trip to Haddonfield
was made. This revealed that nine enthusiasts braved the
wintry blasts and were amply rewarded with a good list of
birds and most enjoyable refreshments provided by their host,
Mr. Moore.

March 21, 1912. On account of the Academy Centennial
celebration, extending from March 19th to 21st, the D. V. O. C.
meeting was omitted.

April 4, 1912. ‘Twenty members present. Mr. Emlen dis-
coursed upon the ‘‘ Distribution of Some Breeding Birds in the
Delaware Valley.’? Mr. Emlen’s compilation of data on the
breeding of our common birds within the limit of the map-
published in Stone’s ‘‘ Birds of Pennsylvania and New Jersey ’’
comprises some exceedingly valuable records. Mr. Stone in
commenting upon the Centennial Celebration of the Academy,
gave a brief and interesting account of the growth and develop-
ment of the Academy with particular reference to its ornitho-
logical collections.

April 18, 1912. Fourteen members present. Mr. Potter
spoke upon the subject, ‘‘Some Local Bird Notes.’’ Mr. Potter:
related some interesting and unusual experiences with birds, and
gave extensive notes upon the mortality among nesting birds.

58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

A list of species nesting within the limits of Camden city was
reported.

May 2, 1912. One visitor and twenty-one members present.
Dr. Trotter addressed the Club upon ‘‘ The Classification of
Birds.’? The speaker emphasized the divergence of opinion
among writers as to the exact classification of birds, pointing
out, however, their agreement as to the reptilian origin of birds.

May 16, 1912. Twenty-three members present. Messrs.
Charles Platt 3d, Dr. William Pepper and Frank B. Foster were
proposed for associate membership. Mr. Pennock and Mr.
Fowler addressed the Club upon ‘‘Some Birds of the Coast of
Delaware and Virginia.’?’ Mr. Pennock spoke of the general
northern movement of shore birds as observed at Rehoboth,
Del. The observance of Blue-gray Gnatcatchers was mentioned.
Mr. Fowler spoke of observances made among the shore birds
of the Chincoteague Islands, Virginia.

October 3, 1912. Thirty members present. Mr. Rhoads
spoke upon the subject, ‘‘ Exhibition of Audubon’s Favorite
Fowling Piece, with Some Facts and Fancies as to its Identity.’’
Mr. Rhoads exhibited the gun in question, which was in excel-
lent condition. Upon its barrel was engraved ‘‘ John James
Audubon, Citizen of the United States, F. L. 8. L.’’ The gun
‘bore the maker’s name, Conway of Manchester, a prominent
manufacturer of firearms during Audubon’s time. Mr. Rhoads
read a great deal from correspondence with Edward Harris, Jr.,
Brewster and others relative to its identity. Mr. Rhoads also
exhibited the gun used by Edward Harris upon the Fort Union
Expedition in 1848. Mr. Stone made mention of the Club’s
collection of birds, stating that of the one hundred and fifty-
five species known to breed in Pennsylvania, there are now
on exhibition one hundred and thirty with nests and eggs.

October 17, 1912. Nineteen members present. The name of
Mr. Shippen Lewis was proposed for associate membership.
Mr. Stone spoke upon the subject, ‘‘A Year of the Auk’’,
reviewing the growth of the Auk and commenting upon the

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 59

excellent work of its former editor. A discussion on the status
of the Grackle was indulged in by members.

November 7, 1912. One visitor and fifteen members present.
Messrs. Charles Platt 8rd, Frank B. Foster, Shippen Lewis and
Dr. William Pepper were elected associate members. Mr.
Poole spoke on ‘‘The Summer Birds of McKenzie Pond, Adi-
rondacks.’’ A detailed account of the species observed was
given. The occurrence of the Evening Grosbeak was noted.

November 21, 1912. Twenty-three members present. Mr.
Palmer addressed the members upon ‘‘The Embryology of a
Bird.’’ The talk was illustrated by slides showing the develop-
ment of the embryo through its various stages of growth. Mr.
Stone described in general the proceedings of the annual meeting
of the American Ornithologist Union.

December 3, 1912. Twenty members present. Upon the
subject, ‘‘General Discussion of the Roosting Habits of the
Purple Grackle’’, Mr. Stone gave a detailed description of the
Grackle Roost at Kirkbride’s, West Philadelphia. Mr. Potter
followed with an account of a newly discovered roost at North
Woodbury, which was abandoned and re-established at South
Westville. Mr. Emlen mentioned his observations among the
Grackles of the Awbury roost. Dr. Trotter mentioned the
absence of Grackles this year from the Media roost.

December 19, 1912. One visitor and eighteen members pres-
ent. Mr. Pearson spoke upon the subject ‘‘ Birds and Chestnut
Blight.’’ The speaker’s remarks related to species observed
during the past summer in Huntington Co., Pa. The Wild
Turkey was observed. Mr. Stone read a paper by Wells W.
‘Cooke, entitled ‘‘ Bird Migration in Pennsylvania One Hundred
Years Ago.”’

Club Notes

FIFTEEN meetings were held by the Club during the year, the:
average attendance being twenty-two. This is a gratifying re-
turn toward the high-water mark of 1905, 1906 and 1907, when
the average was twenty-four for each year. In fifteen years it.
has only once (1902) fallen below nineteen.

OK OK

The attendance of D. V. O. C. members at the A. O. U.
meeting in Cambridge was lamentably small, Messrs. Stone and
Pennock active, and Mr. W. D. W. Miller corresponding, being
the only ones present.

* OK OK

As usual Club members were away during the summer; Stone.
in Wisconsin and Minnesota, Rehn in Texas, Weygandt in New
Hampshire, Palmer in Maine, Brown in Bermuda, Hughes in
South America, Trotter in the Orkneys, and Moore in Germany.

kk OK

Mr. Chas. J. Pennock was appointed on December 3, 1912,
Curator of the Oological Collection of the Academy of Natural
Sciences, Philadelphia, and is making an earnest effort to build
up a thoroughly representative collection of eggs and nests,
about the nucleus left by the egg collectors of early days.

* OK OK

The Club enjoyed three outings during the spring, the first at
Haddonfield on Washington’s Birthday, the second at Ardmore.
on Good Friday, and the third at Beverly on Decoration Day.
Seven members participated in the first, ten in the second and
eight in the third.

* OK OK

We are indebted to Mr. Wm. A. McCall for the loan of the.

engraving, from which the plate for the frontispiece of Gen.

McCall was made.
( 60 )

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 61

WiLu1AM H. WERNER

1842—1912

William H. Werner, a Corresponding Member of the Club,
died at his home in Atlantic City, N. J., May 13, 1912, aged
seventy years. Mr. Werner was born at Nazareth, Pennsyl-
vania, January 18, 1842 and at an early age became interested
in collecting birds and in taxidermy.

He traveled in various parts of the United States, Mexico and
the Bahamas in search of specimens which he mounted with
much skill. For many years past his collection has been on
exhibition on the ‘‘ Boardwalk ’’ at Atlantic City and is familiar
to visitors as the ‘‘Wonderland.’’ Previously some of them
were exhibited at the Centennial Exposition in 1876 and were
pronounced by Mr. William Brewster as ‘‘ masterpieces of taxi-
dermal skill’’.

Mr. Werner was an unassuming man, with no ambition for
such reputation as may be gained from publication, and who
found fulfillment of all his desires in the collecting and mount-
ing of his specimens. Unfortunately his modesty has deprived
ornithology of many valuable facts concerning the habits and
distribution of the birds which he met with. It must not be
supposed however that he withheld the information which he
had acquired, for on the contrary he cheerfully shared it with
anyone who was interested and placed no restriction upon its use.

In the ‘‘ Nuttall Bulletin’’ for 1879 (pp. 75, 80, 99, 103)
Mr. Brewster discusses briefly several rare birds and eggs which
formed part of ‘‘a superb collection ’’ obtained by Mr. Werner
in Comal County, Texas during April and May 1878, and pub-
lishes accounts supplied by Mr. Werner on the breeding of the
Golden-cheeked Warbler and Black-capped Vireo. Later in the
October number for the same year appears a colored plate of a
pair of the Vireos and their nest from an exquisite little study
in water colors by Mr. Werner himself.

Of late years Mr. Werner has been taxidermist for the New
Jersey State Museum, and the writer has been indebted to him
for valuable data on New Jersey birds, which appeared in the
recent report on birds of the State.—W. S.

Bibliography 1912

Papers relating to the birds of Pennsylvania, New Jersey and
Delaware:

ALLEN, WALTER Fox. The Starling in New Jersey. Burd Lore,
Mar.—Apr., 1912, pp. 111-112.

BurieicH, THos. D. The Cardinal at Harmarville, Pa. Oolo-
gist, July 15, 1912, p. 317.

Field Notes [near Pittsburgh]. Oologist, Dec. 15, 1912,
p. 395.
A Week on Lake Erie. Oologist, Dec.15, 1912, p. 397.

[CaMPBELL, E. W. Notes on Pennsylvania Captures.] Oolo-
gist, Jan. 15, 1912, pp. 218, 266.

CHAPMAN, F. M. Unusual Abundance of Goldfinches. Bird
Lore, May-June, 1912, p. 171 [ef. list at end of migra-
gration report antea].

CuristMAs Birp Census. Lists from twenty-nine localities in
Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Bard Lore, Jan.—Feb.,
1912, pp. 26-30.

Cox, E1izaBetH C. The Northern Shrike. Bird Lore, Nov.—
Dec., 1912, p. 352.

Daruineton, E. J. Bald Eagles. Oologist, Jan. 15, 1912, p.

206.
Kentucky Warblers [in Delaware]. Oologist, June 15,
1912, p. 308.

Deses, V. A. Winter Robins. Bird Lore, Mar.—Apr., 1912,
ibitals

Dicxry, 8. S. The Bewick’s Wren [in 8. W. Pennsylvania].
Oologist, June 15, 1912, pp. 299, 302.
Hagar, A. F. Starlings in Princeton, N. J. Bird Lore, Mar.—
Apr., 1912, pp. 112-1138.
Note on the White-throated Sparrow. Bird Lore, July—
Aug., 1912, p. 229.
(62)

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 63

HavuLenBeck, R. F. Winter Robins. Bird Lore, Mar.—Apr.,
1912, p. 110.

Hartow, Richarp C. Additional Records of the Evening
Grosbeak in Pennsylvania. Auk, Jan, 1912, p. 103.
The Louisiana Water Thrush and Broad-winged Hawk
in Southern New Jersey. Auk, January, 1912, pp.
105-6.

Nesting of the Savannah Sparrow in Center County, Pa.
Oologist, May 15, 1912, p. 279.

Nesting of the Virginia and Sora Rails in Pennsylvania..
Oologist, July 15, 1912, p. 308.

The Breeding Birds of Southern Center County, Penn-.
sylvania. Auk, October, 1912, pp. 465-478.
Pennsylvania and New Jersey Nesting Dates for 1912.
Oologist, Oct. 15, 1912, p. 304.

Hotmes, Groreiana K. Bird Notes from Summit, N. J.
Wilson Bull., March, 1912, p. 51.

Jackson, THomas H. Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) in Chester
Co., Pa. Auk, April, 1912, pp. 243-4.

Kouter, Louts 8. Status of the European Starling in Essex
County, N. J. Walson Bull., March, 1912, pp. 44-46.
Observations of Bird Life in Northern N. J. during the-
winter of 1910-1911. Wilson Bull., March, 1912, pp.
21-26.

Fall Migration Notes at Bloomfield, N. J. Oologist, June
15, 1912, p. 298.

New Jersey Notes. Wilson Bull., June, 1912, pp. 111-
114.

Kusrr, JoHN DrypENn. The Birds of Somerset Hills. 8vo, pp.
1-160, pl. 22, and a map. Published by the author,
1912.

Egret in Northern New Jersey. Auk, January, 1912,
-p. 100.

The Turkey Vulture in New Jersey. Burd Lore, Jan.—
Feb., 1912, p. 14.

The Increase and Decrease of Birds. Oologist, June 15,
1912, p. 301.

Notes on the Bald Eagle, Starling and Song Sparrow at

64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Bernardsville, N. J. Bird Lore, Nov.—Dec., 1912, pp.
349-350.

McAter, W. L. Gentry’s ‘‘ Life Histories’’—A Belated Re-
view. Auk, Jan., 1912, p. 119.

Marx, Epwarp J. F. Hooded Warbler ( Wilsonia citrina) at
the Delaware Water Gap, Pa. Awk, April, 1912, p. 249.
Hermit Thrush Wintering at Easton, Pa. Auk, April,
1912, p. 250.

Martin, IsapeL D. A November Black-throated Blue Warbler.
Bird Lore, Mar.—Apr., 1912, p. 110.

Mencet, G. Henry. A Second Winter Oriole. Bird Lore,
Mar.—Apr., 1912, p. 109.

Minier, Ricnarp F. The Semipalmated Sandpiper in Phila-
delphia County, Pa. Auk, Jan., 1912, p. 101.
Occurrence of the Yellow-headed Blackbird on the Del-
aware River near Philadelphia, Pa. Awk, Jan., 1912,
pp. 102-108.

Additional Notes on the Summer Residents of Phila-
delphia County, Pennsylvania. Oologist, Jan. 15, 1912,
p. 208.

Birds Left Behind in Migration in Philadelphia County,
Pennsylvania. Oologist, Mar. 15, 1912, p. 252.

The Wild Goose in Spring Near Philadelphia, Pennsyl-
vania. Oologist, Mar. 15, 1912.

Nesting of the Worm-eating Warbler in Philadelphia
County, Pa. Oologist, Nov. 15, 1912, p. 375.

The Starling at Philadelphia and Vicinity. Oologist,
May 15, 1912, p. 287.

A Preliminary List of the Water Birds of the Middle
Delaware Valley. Oologist, Sept. 15, 1912, p. 341.

A very misleading publication. It is largely compiled, although
the fact is nowhere stated and no authorities are quoted for records
of rare birds. A number of species quoted have apparently never
been taken in the Delaware Valley.

Karly Solitary Sandpipers in Philadelphia County, Pa.
Oologist, Nov. 15, 1912, p. 370.

Scarcity of Bluebirds in the Delaware Valley. Oologist,
Dec. 15, 1912, p. 400.

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 65

NicHOoLs, JOHN TREADWELL. The Semipalmated Sandpiper as
a Marsh Bird. Bird Lore, July—Aug., 1912, pp. 227-8.

Moorg, Ropert THoomas. The Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus).
Wintering in New Jersey. Auk, April, 1912, p. 236.
Last Record of the Piping Plover (Aegialitis meloda) in
New Jersey. Auk, April 1912, p. 238.
The Baltimore Oriole (Icterus galbula. Wintering in New
Jersey. Auk, April, 1912, pp. 244-5.

PatmMEeR, Wm. J. Pine Siskin in Trenton, N. J. Bird Lore,
May-June 1912, p. 163.
Bluebird Scarce in the Delaware Valley. Oologist, Aug.
15, 1912, p. 335.

Pater, T. S. The Man-o’-war-bird (Fregata aquila) on the
Coast of Georgia. Auk, October, 1912, pp. 531-2.

Refers to an overlooked New Jersey record of this bird at Cape May Court
House in the spring of 1877 (Maynard, Birds of Eastern N. America, p. 473,
1881).

Pearson, T. G. Night Heron Colonies. Bird Lore, Jan.—Feb.
1912, p. 70.

Contains note on a colony at Bordentown, N. J.

Birds in the Recent Snowstorm. Bird Lore, Mar.—Apr.,
1912, 131-2.

PENNOcCK, CHARLES J. Crossbills (Loxta curvirostra minor) in
Chester Co., Pa., in Summer. Auk, April, 1912, pp.
245-6. .
Lapland Longspur (Calcarius lapponicus lapponicus) in
Delaware. Auk, April, 1912, pp. 246-7.

Lawrence’s Warbler (Vermivora laurencei) in Chester
County, Pa.. Auk, April, 1912, p. 247.

Porrer, JuLIAN K. Red-headed Woodpecker at Camden, N. J.
Bird Lore, July—Aug., 1912, pp. 216-7.

REDFIELD, ALFRED C. Making an Acquaintance; the White-
eyed Vireo. Burd Lore, May-June, 1912, pp. 153-4. -

Scutty, CHas. Auison. The Starling in Philadelphia. Bird
Lore, Mar.—Apr., 1912, 113.

Simpson, R. P. Piping Plover in Pennsylvania. Oologist, Jan.
ib, 1912) p. 212.

66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Some Ducks and a Hawk. Oologist, Mar. 15, 1912, p.
247.
A Friday’s Hunt and a Day on the Peninsula [on Lake
Erie]. Oologist, Mar. 15, 1912, pp. 246, 249.
Hunting Warblers’ Nests. Oologist, May 15, 1912, p.
276.
On the Tionesta. Oologist, Aug. 15, 1912, p. 329.
Some Erie, Pa., Notes. Oologist, Sept. 15, 1912, p. 350.
Winter Notes [Warren, Pa.]. Oologist, Nov. 15, 1912,
p. 370.
The Pine Siskin [breeding at Warren, Pa.]. Ovlogist.
Mar. 15, 1912, p. 372.

Stone, Witmer. Franklin’s Gull (Larus franklint) at Phila-
delphia. Auk, Jan., 1912, p. 99.

Jacops, J. WARREN. Where are the Bluebirds? Bird Lore,
May-June, 1912, p. 163.

Weser, J. A. An Unusually Late Nesting Date of the Catbird,
Auk, January, 1912, p. 106.

OFFICERS AND MEMBERS

OF THE

Delaware Valley Ornithological Club.

19138.

STEWARDSON BROWN, President.

HENRY W. FOWLER, Vice-President.

J. FLETCHER STRERT, Secretary, Beverly, N. J.
SAMUEL C. PALMER, Treasurer, Swarthmore, Pa.

ACTIVE MEMBERS.

Va UANEI | ATV ATOMOEGS | Edao is clsletereeiaisieia ohelsnays ete miateve slic Founder.
STEWARDSON Brown, 20 E. Penn St., Germantown, Phila......... *1891
JOHN D. Carter, Lansdowne, Delaware Co., Pa................. 1900
PP NORRIS OE ETAVEN wArGmOre, ais silc isis icieje «is se! sla =\s/e7aln eo) e's 4) 1891
Henry W. Fow Ler, Holmesburg, Phila.............0.....0000- 1894
WILLIAM E. HuGuEs, M. D., 3945 Chestnut St., W. Phila......... 1891
Ropert T. Moore, Haddonfield, N. J.......... 0... eee cee eee eee 1897
GEORGE SPENCER Morris, Olmey, Phila.................0.05 Founder.
SAMUEL C, PaLMER, PH. D., Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pa.. 1899
Lronarp S. PEARSON, 4642 Penn St., Frankford, Pa............. 1908
CHARLES J. PENNOCK, Kennett Square, Pa................-.00- 1895
James A. G. REHN, 6033 Catherine St., Phila................... 1899
SamurEL N. RHoaps, Haddonfield, N. J. ................... Founder.
Witiam E. Roperts, 5501 Spruce St., Phila................... 1901
Wituiam A. SHryock, 210 S. Seventh St., Phila................. 1891
WitmER Stone, Academy Nat. Sciences, Phila.............. Founder.
Je) BLETOBER) STREET, Beverly.) IN.) Jlecsys/iclea)- c+ e/e)e = +/slelsin\ai\e 2) = se 1903

Spencer Trotter, M. D., Swarthmore College, Delaware Co., Pa. Founder.

CORNELIUS WEYGANDT, PH. D., Wissahickon Ave. below Frank St.,
Cerniane ome eile waa iistetslolatatayat sive tabetel eis eilstst(allsay/s etal aiat eile el . 1891

SAMUEL WricHT, Conshohocken, Pa. ...........0..2-02eeecsens 1892

ASSOCIATE MEMBERS.

GEORGE ABBOTT, JR., Riverton, N. J........ 2.2 eee ee cee eee eee 1908
ROBERT ADAMS, JR., Oak Lane, Pa. ............ 0.00 cece cence 1910
J. Haro~p AvustTIN, Lansdowne, Delaware Co., Pa..............- 1903
ALBERT I; Baty, JK., Haverford, Pass... 22 2. you)... else 1911
ape DATE Mice Diy ub rankhondsy EnGlaL joe niae) seep aretsjlareres /alei/s\n ele) («el 9) < 1910
HD Win, Boy BARTRANE MP raze. (Eaats saiclala)s\ajel ayevel ciel siee|(aia mils (21s, »\(e< «lela 1908
Guorce Brarty, JR., Beverly, N. Je... 5.52. ee eee eee eee 1911
Pau C. BREWER, 261 W. Rittenhouse St., Germantown ......... 1906
Lewis S. Byrom, 127 W. Susquehanna Ave., Phila..............-. 1909

* Date indicates year of election to Club.

(67 )

68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Francis R. Cops, Jr., Awbury, Germantown, Phila. ............ 1895
HENEST) CORTS)) Weyncote, (Pati ney bite ac le 5)00 ue Sc ena 1909
C. EB: EINGER, M. Di, West Chester, Pan 2)... 25). ts ee elem oetens 1909
ARTHUR C. EMLEN, Awbury, Germantown, Pa. .............-.0- 1897
Wat. S; EISSICK, p36) Penn! (Stieadsng, Pas) 2!) 2) ajanie eiaparelereneiees 1908
WituiamM B. Evans, 827 Livingstone Hall, Columbia University,

DOD aN Og OAR NPD ea PAH USL Sl Ge UIP PIPE 1 teh ne! 1898
GnorcE ForsytH, West Chester (Route 4), Chester Co., Pa....... 1891
TRAIN: Be) EO SINT ave ten le) Enae a teacnuslely/sy a Syal2|<)s halle fytevette lcd eee 1912
STEPHEN) FuGUET) 1024 Spruce (Sti, btan) se ise). ce sya aint 1911
BaRTRAM W. GrRiFFITus, 4024 Green St., W. Phila. ............. 1902
ArTHuR F. Hacar, 626 Westview Ave., Germantown, Phila....... 1906
SaMuEL S. Haines, M. D., 124 E. Main St., Moorestown, N. J..... 1901
GEORGE HALLETT, Haverford College, Haverford, Pa............. 1911
THos. R. Hruu, 47th St. and Baltimore Ave., Phila............... 1908
Davip E. Harrower, State College, State College, Pa. .......... 1905
Ohevumiios) dp Aone, IDIDIS Mineobl, IER) Go o4 kos vucd ol ogedosussosooons 1906
Winiiam W. Justice, Jr., 7803 St. Martins Lane, Chestnut Hill,

lara ae ey vi sci edie eine aunlahsyeate etl alteloile ute tal elle) o/e| is azalo\tel = uiellel= Caen 1893
RayMonp Kester, 1514 Chestnut St., Phila. ................... 1892
NavHan Kirt, Moylan, Delaware Co., Pa. .................-:0- 1898
JOHN DrypDEN Kuser, Bernardsville, N. J................--..-- 1911
SHIPPEN) JunWwIs, )1620) Bane Ste MP Wile ey... es a). falalelaiisteoieieicteteteln 1912
M. Apert Linton, 409 Chestnut St., Phila..................... 1905
JOSEPH B. Lopes, 3340 N. Sixteenth St., Phila. ................ 1900
ParKE L. LONGNECKER, DDS., 2015 Chestnut St., Phila........... 1910
Davip N. McCappEn, 5039 Osage Ave., W. Phila................. 1892
RicHAaRD C. McMourrrig, Fort Washington, Pa. ................ 1904
#. Guy Meyers, 1010 8. Forty-seventh St., W. Phila. ........... 1897
Isaac P. Minter, 409) Chestnut St., Phila... ...... 0.25.22). 1907
RICHARD FI, Minurmr, 2073 H. Tioga St., Phila. .......-.2...-..% 1908
Wituam O. Minusr, 5002 Larchwood Ave., Phila............... 1910
WAYNE B. Morrewu, 5525 Jefferson St., Phila. ................. 1905
FREDERICK OLDACK, 2008 N. Marvine St., Phila................. 1911
ELMER ONDERDONK, 1031 Pallas St., Phila...................-+.- 1903
JESSE PacKeEr, 444 So. West St., Darby, Pa. ..............+.-.. 1911
CHARLES W. PatmER, Westtown Boarding School, Chester Co., Pa. 1910
Dr, WILLIAM PEppEr, 1811 Spruce ‘St. (Phila... 2.0... oot 1912
CHARLES PLATT, 3RD, E. Graver’s Lane, Chestnut Hill, Phila..... 1912
Be Poons. | 2027 IN 2nt by Sts Pita ie yeletaiaicie sie leyeletal atreteee tea 1910
JuuIAN K. Porrsr, 6th and Baily Sts., Camden, N. J. ........... 1911
JAMES F. PRENDERGAST, M. D., 4012 Chestnut St., W. Phila....... 1899
CHARLES PIU RHOADS Biryani Nawrs Paknivalseieverievenelaitaleieteretael siete 1899
SM BARE VRIDDUE oO 244 ryan Sb Milas seer lieve a elsiete lene aniatats 1910
ANTHONY W. Ropinson, 409 Chestnut St., Phila. ............... 1898
Wiutu1am B. ScuEuine, 317 N. 63d St., Phila. ................- 1893

SAMUEL ©. SCOVILLE, Penna. Bldg., 15th & Chestnut Sts., Phila..... 1907

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 69

C. Few Seziss, 1338 Spring Garden St., Phila. .................. 1892
EpwarpD A. SELLIEZ, 1317 N. Nineteenth St., Phila. ............. 1902
WEEREAN (J. SERRILL,) Haverford, Pas! ici velsciee sce mode alas alee 1891
WALTER G. SIBLEY, 6626 McCallum St., Germantown, Phila. ...... 1900
L. I. Smith, JR., 3908 Chestnut St.. W. Phila. ................. 1901
WALTER GORDON SMITH, Eyebrow, Saskatchewan, Canada.......... 1898
WiLLiaM H. StTRANG, 27714 Chestnut St., Camden, N. J. ........ 1907
GrorGcE H. Stuart, Girard Trust Co., Broad and Chestnut St., Phila. 1910
MO SMDDERS, COMMON TL Yalu) leal'elef ascii tal atc ole Malate alalty sonin ja wherein 1910
NORMAN W. Swayne, George School, Pa. ...........2.-. eee eeee 1906
SaMvuEL A. TaTNALL, 409 Chestnut St., Phila, ................... 1910
Jao sibese Me) MNO ein oa AN GEAR WGA Gaba oa cco ddd beolodlse 1892
Francis H. Tomuin, DDS., Haddonfield, N. J................... 1909
Wituiam H. Trorrer, Chestnut Hill, Phila. .................... 1899
BENBY vbouCKER, M.D: 2000) Pine St.) Philan if). .).f). 0. .\.). 23. 30 1906
CHARLES A. VOELKER, Aldan, Delaware Co., Pa. ............ Founder.
BAG VOSBERG,) 1710) |Green) St. hia ei ci\/seiee ee leale s/s oe « 1905
CHARLES S. WELLES, Elwyn, Delaware Co., Pa. ................. 1900
AMS Ube MNasnoborer ae, 2 IDE spayed INERT amy Te ie a WeNe eB S Simla Hina 1905
ALBERT L. WHITAKER, Cedar Grove, Frankford, Phila. .......... 1896
JAMES L. WHITAKER, Cedar Grove, Frankford, Phila. ........... 1904
WALTER R. WHITE, Lansdowne, Delaware Co., Pa. .............. 1903
FRANCIS) )\WINDLE,. West, Chester, Pite oc) 2s)e)a)5 oes elcle ne «lee = + alo == 1910
Epwakp W. WooLMaANn, 44 N. Thirty-eighth St., W. Phila. ....... 1902
HONORARY MEMBER.
Witiiam Lovis Apsott, M. D., Berlin, Germany................ 1912

CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.

CHARLES H. Baker, Verona, Alleghany Oo., Pa. ...............- 1900
OLE EANNARD, (Cleamwabens) Hie). slstrayorel/atepaleiays jaca (ata dla lola) Aelia) iit « 1911
THomas J. BEANS, Moorestown, N. J. .......... 0c eee eee eee 1895
PERCE RGAN ESESEDEE, | VOTIVE OS 2h IME N20). ath oe let alee (a eet @halasselns to) ojos) lel eam 1897
Orn VPEnE | bopez, wsulliyam Co. i Eae yee isi ia)a 4) cle) oye] wr a)aial/mils/@\ s\lete)lay 1897
W. H. Buuisr, Marietta, Lancaster Co., Pa. ............. 020 e eee 1895
CHARLES Buvincer, M. D., Newark, N. J. ........--2.-. 0. eee 1900
HERBERT L. CocGIns, 770 Mission St., San Francisco, Cal......... 1897
WILLIAM J. CRESSON, Box 249, Pittsburg, Pa. .................. 1899
Wirt .) | CRISPIN, allem ING Dei ereeleiere ie) ete) lalellale) sve) c)siisia) vs = 1911
THoMAS C. DESMOND, Cambridge, Mass. ..........0...-2200-0e> 1905
Lizut. Frank B. Eastman, U.S. A., Chester Military Academy, Pa. 1898
MARCUS! SHARE| EIINCCUOMs, ING iMei)-la/ciat slays) aa sictia'e o/eis)0\c\ ew) cielal sees 1901
Aurrep M. Girtaens, New York City ...................0-00:- 1895
Harry L. GRAHAM, Redlands, Cal. .................22.00-eeee- 1897
Anni He GROSH,, York, York: Cos, Pas) oi) cic) oi) ajaieise a leya ea) elle eal = 1900
Henry Hates, Ridgewood, N. J. ....... 2. cee eee ee eee eee 1895

H. WALKER Hanp, 1002 Washington St., Cape May, N. J. ....... 1900

70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Nf Ghee Dials PGs ps op chet Da aabaey AUK Cee EAS Vn RAPES BARS E:Hhs Bis t5 Gigicic dG 1901
RicHArD C. HARLOW, State College, Pa.................---+--- 1904
CHEESWELL J. UND, Oak Park Me. ln vie cioie cere rnereietene 1902
THOMAS H. JACKSON, West Chester, Pa. ...............cece0ee 1895
J. WARREN JACOBS, Waynesburg, Greene Co., Pa. ............-- 1895
THomMaS D. Keim, 405 Radcliffe St., Bristol, Pa. ............... 1902
SYA qup ote) ee by litepyobualed, ERAS Ws Gob ako abp Ke ablob Gono cos O58 - 1895
PauL L. LORRILLIERE, 108 E. Lexington St., Baltimore, Md....... 1904
LO ies dds MIU URC eC ioi erl oN ON Sa ASB BC omODIGn obo aise soc cs ¢ 1909
WALDRON DE W. MiLuErR, Plainfield, N. J. ............-00--0e- 1900
Howarp Y. PENNELL, M. D., Downingtown, Pa. ................ 1894.
ACHE, UP HILLIPS. Princeton wiNindemelversiscmispeicis sis era levalcl sie srersueketeneate 1895
WE Ne dae eps ME IDE benversinae. JE Go aa og onnadoee@odaaodsoco sc 1895
ALFRED C. REDFIELD, Cambridge, Mass..................0.-2005 1908
H. Justin Roppy, State Normal School, Millersville, Lane. Co., Pa. 1895
Cuas. H. Rogers, 240 So. Broad St., Elizabeth, N. J........... 1905
ROBERT P. SHARPLES, West Chester, Pa. ..............20. 0000s 1906
BR. IB. SimePson, Warren, ‘Warren Ge. Pa...) 2.0. =o ks. ee eee 1907
FREDERICK SORENSEN, Chalmersgarten, Géthenburg, Sweden ..... 1900
REYNOLD A. SpanTH, Cambridge, Mass. ...............00+s+--s> 1901
FREDERICK W. Stack, Doubleday Page and Co., N. Y. City ....... 1905
Jefogiss IDE Siwompo, Clopnresyallley 12k is cls sop boecdd caso docdgoooGKEERS 1895
eS ACY SURKAGCE WLPATTis DCO Mamie eile levels ietelatele tatters ieiateteleretentens 1900
OW IDA Sa ainaoswuoey leaciietol ING IS Goods oodduaooobastdsacc os sce 1901
W. E. CuypE Topp, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburg, Pa. ........... 1895
HENRY WARRINGTON, San Francisco, Cal. ...........-....------ 1896
A SAGE WVAYS ETI CObOn IN. latins elie sie wi elolvielc chalet aisle aaatets fae 1902
VV EEA a0) WERE AIR SACs a ORa si cie oy iiatsilel eleecyeleve hele tate tenet steetate 1893
Uo dihve \ipisinon, (Ornilinenjorey VERB ON BSR as Re sooudaoooD Goo Sa bdooS 1904
RoBerT T. YOUNG, State University, N. Dakota................. 1892
DECEASED MEMBERS. Died.
JOHN Farnum Brown, Active member................ May 13, 1894
Water D. BusH, Corresponding member........... August 11, 1904
JoHN W. DETWILER, M. D., Corresponding member September 26, 1898
Hrnest M. Evans, Associate member.................. June 29, 1911
LaRvE K. Houmess, Corresponding member ............ May 10, 1900
JOSIAH HOoPES, Corresponding member............. January 16, 1904
Avcust Kocu, Corresponding member ........... February 15, 1907
GILBERT H. Moorz, Associate member ...............- May 28, 1899
FREDERICK N. OWEN, Associate member .......... December 27, 1905
WILLIAM PATTERSON, Corresponding member ........ August 27, 1900
Francis W. RAWLE, Associate member ............... June 12, 1911
EDWIN SHEPPARD, Associate member .............+++-- April 7, 1904
Witutiam W. SmitH, Associate member ...............- July 3, 1892
Wittiam H. WERNER, Corresponding member.......... May 13, 1912

SaMuEL W. WoopHouss, M. D., Honorary member... October 23, 1904

INDEX TO SPECIES.

Every mention of a bird, either by common or technical name, ezcepé in tlic
migration report, is indexed under the current technical name of the species.

Acanthis linaria linaria, 30
Accipiter velox, 34
cooperi, 34
Agelaius pheeniceus pheeniceus, 8, 18,
19, 28
Aigialitis semipalmata, 33
Alcea torda, 56
Antrostomus vociferus vociferus, 10
Aquila chrysaétos, 33
Archilochus colubris, 9
Ardea herodias herodias, 34
Asio wilsonianus, 34
Astragalinus tristis tristis, 34

Beolophus bicolor, 34
Bartramia longicauda, 33
Bombycilla cedrorum, 28
Botaurus lentiginosus, 33
Buteo borealis borealis, 34
lineatus lineatus, 34
Butorides virescens virescens, 9

Calearius lapponicus lapponicus, 33
Cardinalis cardinalis cardinalis, 34
Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis, 4, 5
Catoptrophorus semipalmatus semipal-
matus, 26

Certhia familiaris americana, 34
Ceryle alcyon alcyon, 34
Chetura pelagica, 9, 10
Chordeiles virginianus virginianus, 10
Circus hudsonius, 34
Cistothorus stellaris, 10
Colaptes auratus luteus, 28, 34
Colinus virginianus virginianus, 34

virginianus floridanus, 3
Columba flavirostris, 5

leucoptera, 5

Colymbus holbeelli, 33
Conuropsis carolinensis, 11

Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhyn- |

chos, 34
Cryptoglaux acadica acadica, 29
Cyanocitta cristata cristata, 28, 34
Oyanocephalus cyanocephalus, 4

| Dendroica zstiva zstiva, 9

cerulea, 33
chrysoparia, 61
palmarum hypochrysea, 35
tigrina, 32
Dolichonyx oryzivorus, 27
Dryobates pubescens medianus, 34
villosus villosus, 34
Dumetella carolinensis, 9

Ectopistes migratorius,
25, 28
Elanoides forficatus, 10

2h,

Falco sparverius sparverius, 34
Fratercula arctica arctica, 56

Geothlypis trichas trichas, 9
Grus mexicana, 3

Guiraca cerulea czrulea, 30
Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus, 4

Helminthophila lawrencei, 27
Helmitheros vermivorus, 27

Herodias egretta, 33

Hesperiphona vespertina vespertina, 59
Hirundo erythrogastra, 8

Hylocichla mustelina, 9

Icteria virens virens, 9, 10
Icterus spurius, 8, 9, 11
galbula, 8, 9, 33

| Junco hyemalis hyemalis, 34

Lanius borealis, 34

Macrorhamphus griseus griseus, 26
Marila valisineria, 33

Meleagris gallopavo silvestris, 3, 59
Melanerpes erythrocephalus, 10, 28

| Melospiza georgiana, 8, 34

melodia melodia, 34
'Mimus polyglottos polyglottos, 105733

(71)

72

Mniotilta varia, 9
Molothrus ater ater, 8, 18, 19
Myiarchus crinitus, 9

Nannus hiemalis hiemalis, 10, 34

Oceanodroma leucorhoa, 56

Oporornis philadelphia, 30, 33

Orpheus curvirosiris. 5

Otocoris alpestris alpestris, 34
occidentalis, 4

Otus asio mecalli, 1

Oxyechus vociferus, 8

Passer domesticus, 18

Passerella iliaca iliaca, 8

Penthestes atricapillus atricapillus, 34

Pipilo erythrophthalmus erythroph-
thalmus, 10

Phcenicopterus ruber, 2

Piranga erythromelas, 9

Planesticus migratorius migratorius,
18, 19, 28, 34

Polioptila czerulea czrulea, 58

Progne subis subis, 8, 10

Protonotaria citrea, 33

Quiscalus quiscula quiscula, 12, 12,
14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 28, 59

Regulus satrapa satrapa, 34
Rynchops nigra, 3
Rissa tridactyla tridactyla, 56

Sayornis pheebe, 8, 10
Seiurus aurocapillus, 9
noveboracensis noveboracensis,
9

INDEX TO SPECIES.

| Setophaga ruticilla, 9
| Sialia sialis sialis, 8, 34
Sitta canadensis, 34
carolinensis carolinensis, 34
| Sphyrapicus varius varius, 34
| Spiza americana, 30
Spizella passerina passerina, 8, 34
monticola monticola, 34
pusilla pusilla, 8, 27, 34
Sterna antillarum, 26
caspia, 33
Sturnella magna magna, 28, 34
Sturnus vulgaris, 19, 34
Sula bassana, 56

Thryothorus ludovicianus ludovici-
anus, 34
Totanus flavipes, 26
melanoleucus, 26
Toxostoma curvirostre, 5
Troglodytes aedon aedon, 9

Tympanuchus americanus americanus,
3
Tyrannus tyrannus, 8

Uria lomvia lomvia, 56
troille troille, 56

Vermivora bachmani, 32
leucobronchialis, 28
pinus, 30

Vireo atricapillus, 61

Vireosylva gilva gilva, 9
olivacea, 9
philadelphica, 30

Zamelodia ludoviciana, 10
Zenaidura macroura carolinensis, 34
Zonotrichia albicollis, 34

hi) ge
sen ait

——

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; ABIRD ANNUAL

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‘9

CASSINIA

An Annual Devoted to the Ornithology of.
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware

CONTENTS 1913

Wilsoniana (Frontispiece) WITMER STONE 1
’ Some Local] Fish-eating Birds Henry W. FOWLER . 50,
The Oven-Bird’s Call-song (Plate) - ROBERT THOMAS MOORE 17
The Snow Hill Bird-roost SAMUEL N, RHOADS 25
A Census of the Turkey Vulture in Delaware CHARLES Ke PENNOCK 30
Bird Notes - : ESS
Report of the Spring Migration of 1913 ~ WITMER STONE gigi
Abstract of the Proceedings of the Delaware Valley. Ornitholog-
ical Club for 1913 J. FLETCHER STREET 52.50
Club Notes: Notes and News : ee apa ee
In Memoriam: Elmer Onderdonk, Henry Hales, William B. Crispin 58
Bibliography for 1913 59
List of Officers and Members of the D. V. O. €., 1914 ‘R363

Index to Species 67

PUBLICATIONS OF THE D. V. O. C.

The Birds of Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey, by
Witmer Stone, pp. 176 with two maps and portrait of
Alex. Wilson. One Dollar and a half. (Post paid $1.62) —

Abstract of Proceedings, Full Set Nos. I-IV. (1890-1900) pp. 98, Fifty cents ~

- Cassinia, published annually beginning with 1901 ;. comprising

papers relating to the Ornithology of Pennsylvania,

New Jersey and Delaware, and an abstract of the pro-

ceedings of the Club. Edited beginning with No. XV,

1911, by Robert Thomas Moore. Subscription price — Fifty cents

Address Delaware Valley Ornithological Club,

care Academy of Natural Sciences,
Logan Square, Philadelphia.

Contributed articles, books, and all publications should be sent to Mr. Robert
Thomas Moore, Haddonfield, N. J.

Publication Committee.
FrAncis R. Cops, ROBERT THOMAS MooRE, GEORGE SPENCER Morris.

S

LYSE MES.
A te he oe A

ALEXANDER WILSON
STATUETTE BY ALEX. CALDER

PRESENTED BY HIM TO

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA

CASSINIA

PROCEEDINGS OF THE DELAWARE
VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB

No. XVII. PHILADELPHIA, PA. 1913.

Wilsoniana

BY WITMER STONE

In the United States Gazette for August 23, 1813, just one
hundred years ago, there appears the following notice: ‘‘ Died,
this morning, Mr. Alexander Wilson, author of the American
Ornithology. His friends and acquaintances are invited to
attend his funeral, from Mr. William Jones’, No. 233 Spruce
Street, Philadelphia, at 9 o’clock to-morrow morning.’’

Thus briefly is chronicled one of the greatest blows that has
ever befallen American Ornithology. Wilson was but forty-
seven years of age, and in the prime of life. His great work
was little more than half completed, and he had reaped no
- financial return for the labor and privation that the publication
had cost him, while that return ever dearer to the author’s
heart, the praise of the scientific world, had scarcely begun to
reach him.

_ As we contemplate Wilson’s career, its premature termination
stands out with striking prominence. We often hear his work
compared with that of Audubon, yet the impossibility of such
comparison is obvious. Audubon’s ornithological interests

o
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2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

date from his earliest days, and he was permitted to round out.
the usual term of years allotted to man, while Wilson’s entire
ornithological career, from the day he announced his intention
of making a collection of ‘‘all our finest birds,’’ to his prema-
ture demise, covered but ten years. Who of us, with no artis-
tic training, could learn in that time to depict birds as well as
Wilson did, and who could have produced such a book as his,
with only such works as those of Catesby, Bartram and Pennant
to supplement his own observations. Baron Cuvier, in com-
menting on Wilson’s Ornithology, stated that ‘‘ he has treated
of American Birds better than those of Europe have yet been
treated,’? and his work was one of the first scientific produc-
tions of America, one that opened the eyes of Europe to the
possibilities of the New World in a field that up to that time
had been regarded as belonging exclusively to countries of long
established literary and scientific reputations.

It is difficult after the lapse of one hundred years to find
much that is new in the history of a man, whose life has been
so carefully traced as has been that of Alexander Wilson, and
the two items that have come under my observation and lay
claim to place under the head of Wilsoniana, have really noth-
ing to do with the ornithologist’s life.

About a year ago I was surprised to learn that there was in
Philadelphia a statue of Alexander Wilson, which had been
exhibited at the Academy of Fine Arts, sometime in the sey-
enties. Since then this has been presented to the Academy of
Natural Sciences, and now adorns the library. It is by Alex.
Calder, a well known sculptor, and represents the Ornithologist
in pursuit of his favorite study. He is bending over with one
foot on a boulder, upon which his gun and note-book are rest-
ing, while his cap and knapsack are on the ground; in one
hand he holds a pencil, in the other a freshly killed bird, which
he is studying intently. Mr. Calder informs me that the gun
was copied from Wilson’s own fowling-piece, in possession of
Mr. J. M. Wade, then of Philadelphia, while the features of
the ornithologist were based on a study of all the available en-
gravings. The result, however closely it may agree with any
one of the engravings, is strikingly like the water-color now in

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 3

the possession of the Academy, and formerly the property of
George Ord, but which Mr. Calder assured me he had never
seen until I showed it to him.

This statue attracted much attention when exhibited and the
suggestion was made that it be cast in life-size bronze and placed
in Fairmount Park. Although this was never realized, it seems
very desirable that the idea should now be carried out and the
statue be located in the park or on the new Parkway, which will
pass by the front of the Academy.

My second item under Wilsoniana deals with a certain trunk
belonging to Wilson, which was in the possession of a member
of the Rittenhouse family’ of Germantown and came to the
notice of Wm. Redwood Wright Esq. In response to my request
Mr. Wright has furnished the following memorandum regarding
his experience with this trunk.

‘* October 27th, 1913.

‘*My dear Mr. Stone: You ask me for some particulars in
reference to my purchase of Alexander Wilson’s trunk and
contents.

‘‘As a boy I had become very fond of observing bird life,
and was a great admirer of Alexander Wilson’s Ornithology, a
a copy of which I had access to in a friend’s library. |

‘Sometime not long after my return from the army in 1865,
I learned (just how I have forgotten) that Wilson had been
very intimate with a member of the Rittenhouse family, who
in his time lived in a house on the bank of the Wissahickon
below where Poor House Lane (now Rittenhouse Street) joins
the Wissahickon Drive, and that when Wilson died he left his
trunk and contents to this person. Knowing at that time, by
sight at least, every man, woman and child, in Germantown,
and most of the dogs and horses, I very soon located the trunk
in the possession of a lady living on Poor House Lane near
Greene Street, and by the exercise of a little diplomacy got her
to show me the contents, which consisted almost entirely of
printed matter and papers connected with Wilson’s lifework.

1A descendant, apparently, of Sarah Miller, to whom Wilson was engaged to
be married and who with George Ord was an executor of his estate.

4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

‘Tt seemed a great ‘find’ to me, but the price she put upon
it ($100) seemed an immense amount of money, and I did not
quite see how the deal could be financed. I mentioned the
matter to a Scotch friend and ornithologist, Wm. P. Turnbull,
who at once said, ‘I will furnish the money and we will divide
the contents,’ which was accordingly done, very much on the
lines of the celebrated division between white man and Indian
of a gamebag consisting of a turkey and a turkey buzzard.

‘‘My share, however, was about as much as I could carry,
and when I toted it home and arranged the ‘odds and ends’
that fell to my lot, I found I had a complete set of the letter
press and plates, a good many duplicates and some original
matter that must have been hidden in the letter press. I be-
lieve the part that did not fall to my share enriched the collec-
tion of some institution in Scotland, but I was never furnished
with an inventory of what Mr. Turnbull considered as the cap-
italist’s share.

“*T enclose you a few papers that may be of interest.

‘Tt is somewhat of a coincidence, that while my sympathies
and enthusiasm were all with Wilson, my great-grandfather
(Miers Fisher) was the legal adviser of the Audubon family,
and Audubon, the naturalist, was much at ‘Ury’, Miers Fisher’s
residence near Fox Chase, now in the 23d Ward. The tra-
dition in the family is that the naturalist Audubon was not only
a good shot with a gun, but was capable of drawing a very
‘long bow’. Very sincerely yours,

“Wm. ReDwoop WRiGHT.’’

The papers consisted of two original drawings, supposed to be
by Alex. Wilson, one being a sketch of Wilson’s schoolhouse
at Kingsessing, and the other a portrait of Michael Heinego.
Also a manuscript account of Michael Heinego, of York Co.,
evidently written at request of Alex. Wilson by an unknown
correspondent, after Wilson’s visit to Heinego; and uncolored
plates 57 and 64.

In response to an inquiry Mr. Ruthven Deane writes me as
follows concerning some of the contents of the trunk that consti-
tuted Mr. Turnbull’s share. ‘‘ Certain of these Wilsoniana relics

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 5)

were in the possession of Mrs. Elizabeth Gray of Edinburgh,
Scotland and were originally presented to her husband Robert
Gray by his friend Wm. P. Turnbull. Among them were a
long letter from Wilson to Miss Sarah Miller dated Nashville,
Tenn., May 1, 1810,which was published in ‘ Poems and Liter-
ary Prose of Alexander Wilson’ by Alex. B. Grosart 1876, pp.
203-206 ; the negative of Wilson’s Silhouette (the original is
now in the National Portrait Gallery in Edinburgh); a colored
drawing of the Hermit Thrush, under glass with the following
inscription on the back : ‘This drawing by Alexr. Wilson (and
cut by him so as to occupy its place in the plate) being part of
the contents of his trunk, left by his will to Miss Sarah Miller
who afterward married a Rittenhouse) and purchased by me
from her son’s widow E. R. Rittenhouse, William P. Turnbull,
Phila. 1866.’ ”’

No one realizes better than I the comparatively trivial nature
of the items I have described, but every scrap of information
about such men as Wilson seems worthy of our notice. If
only as an excuse to bring to our attention for a moment the
man and his work, they have perhaps served a good pur-
pose. The impetus that such a work as Wilson’s produced in
America and by the support of American subscribers gave to
American science is hard to estimate, as is also the attention
that it must have directed toward America, as a country which
not only possessed a rich fauna and flora, but which gave prom-
ise of producing men thoroughly capable of making known its
riches to the scientific world, and in the van of this assem-
blage will ever stand Alexander Wilson, a Scotchman by birth
but an American in his interests and sympathies.

Some Local Fish-eating Birds

BY HENRY W. FOWLER

THE water-birds of the Delaware Valley have always been of
primary interest to me in my studies of natural history. Liy-
ing near the Delaware River, and close to one of its smaller trib-
utaries, my opportunities for study have been more advan-
tageous than many other investigators. Added to this are
many opportunities while studying fishes along the coast, or off
the shores of our adjacent States. A number of the more im-
portant notes, made at odd moments, are here embodied as a
slight contribution to science, and in the hope that they may
stimulate further efforts in this direction by our ornithologists.
Acknowledgment should be made to Messrs. David McCadden,
D. E. Culver and Richard F. Miller, who have supplied me with
notes, as well as material, used in these studies.

The information gathered is at best fragmentary, and refers
largely to our commoner species of birds. The element of fish-
eaters is doubtless larger than here outlined, though the list is
characteristic for the fresh-water tidal regions about Phila-
delphia. Off the coast are hosts of water birds, feeding on
marine life of one form or another. Such are gannets, shear-
waters, various gulls and terns, smaller species of auks, murres,
guillemots, jaegers, petrels, ducks, geese, skimmers, etc. No
local information appears available, and many of the statements
given in Wilson and Audubon will remain as purely conjectural
about their vague ‘‘fish’’ diet, until detailed studies are made.

Three methods of observation are open to the study of the
food of fish-eating birds. The first, and most important, is the
examination of stomach contents, or such remains as are in the
alimentary canal, of the freshly-killed bird. Thesecond method
is the observation of the living bird, feeding about waters where
the fish-life has been previously examined. The last method is

(6)

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 7

the examination of nests, with their fragments of food, bones,
etc. In the first case, it is often remarkable how well preserved
some specimens found in the gullets of their captors may be.
I have frequently secured very interesting or valuable specimens
of fish in this way. Often the important bones are not com-
pletely dissolved, and usually the pharyngeal bones of cyprin-
oids remain intact. As these latter are the chief, and thus
nearly certain clues, the identification of the fish is usually easy.

The most important conclusion which the writer may premise
is that the evidence shows our fish-eating birds in a very favor-
able, if not altogether harmless, light. The fishes they devour
are rarely, and in the case of the majority, of slight or no direct
importance to man. Even among marine fishes very few of
commercial value are taken by birds, and never in appreciable
numbers. In fresh-water streams, the herons and kingfishers
seldom do much damage, except occasionally taking a trout or
bass. There is thus no legitimate reason whatever for the de-
struction of any of our fish-eating birds.

Horned Grebe (Colymbus auritus). An irregular, though
sometimes abundant species along the tidal reaches of the Del-
aware River. I have examined the stomachs of several birds
killed near Philadelphia, and in each case they contained the
remains of small fishes. Some of these were identified as killi-
fish (Fundulus heteroclitus macrolepidotus and F. diaphanus). Very
likely other small fishes, as cyprinoids, catostomoids and cen-
trarchids, may also be devoured, as they are frequently active
in cold weather. The occurrence of several birds, or a solitary
individual, about ponds near the river, may be explained by
the great abundance of small fish which I have noted in such
locations during all seasons of the year.

Dabchick (Tachybaptus wpodiceps). Our most abundant
species, and migratory, in the Delaware River tidal regions.
Its favorite haunts are about the breasts of dams, of water-falls,
mill-ponds, quiet coves, and usually where the water is still.
It is often confiding, even permitting a close approach, though
quickly divingif alarmed. Like the other grebes, as it is a good
swimmer and diver, it doubtless secures an ample supply of
food from the vast schools of small fishes. I have not exam-

8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

ined any stomachs, though I have caught numerous small fishes
in the very locations from which the birds were driven on num-
erous occasions. Such fishes were largely small cyprinoids, etc.
(Abramis crysoleucas, Notropis bifrenatus, Notropis whippli analos-
tanus, Notropis cornutus, Notropis chalybaeus, and Erimyzon sucetta.
oblongus). It is reasonably certain that most of these, as well
as some others, are devoured.

Loon (Gavia immer). About our inland lakes solitary birds,
or pairs, are usually seen. In rivers nearer the coast, small
flocks often occur. The loon is mostly found in the Delaware
River tidal regions in the spring and fall. Though a shy and
wary bird, itis frequently reported by river fishermen as becom-
ing entangled in their set-nets. It devours larger fishes than
the grebes, and such as are more characteristic of open, deeper
waters. Warren mentions that fall fish (Semotilus bullaris),
suckers, carp (Cyprinus carpio) and the brook trout (Salvelinus
fontinalis) are sometimes eaten by loons. In one he found a
brook trout seven inches long. In fresh-waters, where loons
were noted, I have found mostly cyprinoids (Hybognathus
nuchalis regius, Notropis hudsonius amarus and N. whipplir analos-
tanus), and in salt-water, white perch (Morone americana), sil-
versides (Menidia menidia notata), mullets (Mugil curema) and
pampanos (Trachinotus carolinus). All these fish very likely
are devoured, though I have not made any examinations of
stomachs.

Herring Gull (Larus argentatus), A common winter visitor
along the New Jersey coast and the Delaware River tidal, and
sometimes straggling inland insmall numbers. This gull prob-
ably does not capture living fish, though it will occasionally
nibble at dead fish, as alewives (Pomolobus pseudoharengus) float-
ing about with the tides. They will also feed on offal and bits
of sewage. Along the coast they sometimes devour dead killi-
fish (Fundulus heteroclitus macrolepidotus when frozen in the salt
ponds and then thawed out.

Laughing Gull (Larus wtricilla). Found along our larger
rivers during migrations. I reported this bird some years ago’

'Cassinra, 1903, p. 46.

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 9

from the Delaware, feeding on dead alewives during the shad
season. Like the herring gull they feed on floating offal,
though they do not disturb living fish.

Common Tern (Sterna hirwndo). Occurs in small numbers:
along our rivers and other inland waters, during migrations.
Along the coast it feeds chiefly on small fish, as silversides.
(Menidia menidia notata), and crustaceans.’ I have frequently
seen this tern at Atlantic City, Great Bay and Ocean City, fly
by with a bright silvery fish grasped in its bill, likely a silver-.
sides. In fresh water the tern doubtless secures cyprinoids
(Hybognathus nuchalis regius and Notropis hudsonius amarus),
and killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus macrolepidotus and F. dia-
phanus).

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus). Occurs
along the coast, and in the Delaware River tidal during spring
and fall. The cormorant is an adept fisher, and devours great.
quantities of the smaller fishes along our coast, such as ancho-
vies (Anchovia brownti, A. mitchilli), silversides (Menidia menidia
notata), young pampanos (Trachinotus carolinus), etc. The
above list is from the schools of small fish I found about the
pounds in Delaware Bay, and off the shores of New Jersey,
Delaware, Maryland and Virginia. In such places cormorants.
were abundant. I only examined the stomachs of two birds,
killed in Pennsylvania, and they were empty.

Common Merganser (Mergus americanus). Abundant in
winter on our larger rivers, sometimes in large flocks. Though
often killed and brought into the markets of Philadelphia, it is.
not highly valued, on account of its poor and often fishy flavor.
This merganser often frequents reservoirs in cities, where it finds.
security and a feod-supply in the fishes living in such places.
These usually consist of carp (Cyprinus carpio), silver-fins
(Notropis whipplii analostanus), spot-tails (N. hudsonius ama-
rus), and sunfish (Hupomotis gibbosus). The variety of fish
eaten is likely very great, as I have several gobies (Gobiosoma.
bosci) and a small sole (Achirus fasciatus) taken from an ex-
ample secured at Chincoteague, Virginia, by Mr. I. N. De

‘Rep. N. J. State Mus., 1911 (1912), p. 363.

10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Haven, about ten years ago. Dr. Mearns (Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist. N. Y., x, 1898, p. 322) says the sole is often found
in the gullets of our Mergansers (Mergus americanus and M.
serrator). Recently, the contents of two stomachs were given
to me for examination by Mr. D. EH. Culver. These birds
were taken at the same locality in January, 1913. One con-
tained two silversides (Menidia menidia notata), about 3} inches
long, and a mullet (Mugil cephalus) 74 inches long, the last in
the gullet. Apparently such prey is quite large. The other
bird contained two partly-digested white perch (Morone amer-
aicana), 64 and 4 inches in length respectively. This merganser
is often fond of eels (Anguilla chrisypa), and one taken near
Philadelphia was reported to have contained an eel ten inches
long. The fishes usually devoured here are killies (Fundulus
heteroclitus macrolepidotus and F. diaphanus), and roach (Abramis
crysoleucas). These, and various shiners (Notropis), will often
collect in shoals about the mouths of little estuaries after the ice
breaks in the spring, and then the mergansers may be seen in
‘small flocks, all on the lookout or chasing their prey.

Red-breasted Merganser (Mergus serrator). This occurs in
similar situations as the last, and in flocks of various size.
They feed on small fish, Mr. R. F. Miller having opened one
killed at Bristol on November 5th, 1910, which contained nine
unidentified ‘‘minnows.’’ One example from the Delaware
River which I examined contained remains of killifish (Fundulus
diaphanus).

Black Duck (Anas rubripes). A most highly valued game-
bird, and, while feeding largely on vegetable matter, it some-
times devours small fish. I have examined several stomachs
from Sea Isle City and Cape May that contained large killifish
(Fundulus heteroclitus macrolepidotus) entire.

Golden-eye (Clangula clangula americana). This duck is
credited by Wilson as a fish-eater, as he mentions that it feeds
on ‘‘smallfry.’’ Several examples in the Philadelphia markets
which I examined had their stomachs crammed full of the small
river-snail (Goniobasis virginica), so common in the Delaware.

Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus). Usually occurs in migrations,
lurking about swamps and marshes. I have found the stomach

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. dial

-contents of several to consist of killifish (Fundulus diaphanus)
almost exclusively, and sometimes roach (Abramis crysoleucas).

Least Bittern (Ivobrychus exilis). A summer resident on the
Delaware River marshes, and seldom noticed on account of its
secretive habits. Six examples which I examined contained
remains of small fishes and insects, and in one were three quite
large killifish (Fundulus diaphanus).

Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias). Frequent in spring and
fall migrations, and occasionally occurs in winter. Wilson
mentions’ a specimen, the stomach of which ‘‘was entirely
filled with small fish, among which were some small eels”’
(Anguilla chrisypa). This heron doubtless feeds on various of
-our cyprinoids and killifish, though I have no data. Audubon
mentions’ a bird he captured at Key West, which contained
the undigested large head of a fish which lodged among the
viscera, and thus rendered it sickly. Apparently these large
‘herons swallow extraordinarily large fish, as I found a Great
White Heron (Ardea occidentalis) on Sugar Loaf Key in Florida,
which appeared greatly inconvenienced after swallowing a large
-sheepshead.?*

Little Blue Heron (Florida cxrulea). Occurs occasionally in
late summer in the Delaware River valley, or about streams
-along the coast. In the white plumage it is usually confused
with the Egret by sportsmen and others. Recently I had the
opportunity of examining the contents of the stomachs of two
of these birds, killed near Sea Isle City, on August 138, 1913.
They were obtained by Mr. W. J. Fox, and both were in the
white plumage. Both also contained killifish exclusively. In
-one example were 46 mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus mac-
rolepidotus), of which several of the largest were 24 inches long,
and 14 small pursy minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus). The
-other bird had 62 small mummichogs and one adult pursy
‘minnow. These show it to be quite a voracious feeder.

Green Heron (Butorides virescens). Our most abundant and

1 Amer. Ornith., ili, 1829, p. 63.
* Birds of America, vi, 1842, p. 127.
~3 Auk, xxiii, 1906, p. 397.

12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

familiar heron. It is usually seen along our creek or river:
shores, moving stealthily over the mud in search of prey, or:
silently standing motionless on the lookout. Green Herons are
very partial to small killies (Fundulus heteroclitus macrolepidotus
and F. diaphanus) along our tidal regions. They also devour-
young roach ( Abramis crysoleucas) and minnows (Notropis:
whipplu analostanus and N. cornutus). The birds are very agile:
in capturing young fishes, which they seize by suddenly dart-
ing the long sharp beak into the water. The victim is quickly
gulped down, head first, with equal dexterity. Often the bird
may appear to crouch, even if the head and neck are not com-
pletely folded on the shoulders. An examination of a number~
of stomachs shows that their food varies, consisting of insects,
grubs, dragon-flies, etc. One bird was reported to have swal-
lowed a dead bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus), though this is.
likely exceptional, living prey being preferred.

Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax nevius). Next to the last,
this is our most common heron. It is a summer resident, ap--
pearing generally distributed about our larger bodies of water.
Examples I examined had fed on roach (Abramis crysoleucas),
killifish (Fundulus diaphanus), and sunfish ( Eupomotis gibbosus).

Greater Yellow-legs (Totanus melanoleucus). This occurs.
along our rivers sometimes, in the spring and fall. They often
feed on small fish, as roach (Abramis crysoleucas), and other
shiners. It is interesting to note Le Sueur in his remarks on
the killifish (virtually Fundulus heteroclitus macrolepidotus), men-
tions it is preyed on by the Yellowlegs (‘*‘ Scolopax melanoleuca .
and S. flavipes’’).*

Solitary Sandpiper (Totanus solitarius). A common visitor-
during the spring and fall migrations. Most examples I exam-
ined contained insects, though in one case a small killifish.
(Fundulus diaphanus).

Bald Eagle (Halizxtus leucocephalus). In my experience an:
occasional resident. Its habit of stealing fish from the Fish.
Hawk is well known. I have seen it feeding on alewives (Pomo-
lobus pseudoharengus) thrown out from the fisheries along the~

1Journ, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., i, pt. 1, 1817, p. 131.

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 13

shores of the North East River, in Maryland. Haldeman men-
tions’ that it dives for fish in the Susquehanna, when not able
to rob the Fish Hawk. Audubon gives an interesting note of its
fish-eating habits.” In the Perkiomen Creek he saw one secure
-a number of redfins (Notropis cornutus) by wading through the
water and striking at the fish with its bill.

Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura septentrionalis). This familiar
bird frequently devours dead fish along our river shores. I
have seen numbers eating dead alewives (Pomolobus pseudo-
-harengus) along the shores of the Bohemia River, in Maryland.

Fish Hawk (Pandion haliztus carolinensis). Found in our
region, except during the cold weather, the Fish Hawk is our
most formidable fish-eater.

Wilson gives* the following interesting notes:

‘¢ A shad was taken from a Fish Hawk near Great Ege Harbor,
~on which he had begun to regale himself, and had already eaten
a considerable portion of it, the remainder weighed six pounds.
Another Fish Hawk was passing Mr. Beasley’s, at the same
place, with a large flounder in his grasp, which struggled and
‘shook him so, that he dropped it on the shore. The flounder
was picked up, and served the whole family for dinner. * * *
“The hawk, however, in his fishing pursuits, sometimes mistakes
‘his mark, or overrates his strength, by striking fish too large
-and powerful for him to manage, by whom he is suddenly
dragged under; and though he sometimes succeeds in extri-
‘cating himself, after being taken .three or four times down, yet
oftener both parties perish. The bodies of sturgeon and several
other large fish, with that of the Fish Hawk fast grappled in
them, have at different times been found dead on the shore cast
up by the waves.’’

Ekstrém also mentions * that in the back of a large pike ( Hsox
lucius) he found the skeleton of an Osprey, which had been
-drawn below the water and drowned. Similar stories of other
‘Huropean birds, as Sea Hagles, have also been told.

1Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, p. 2.
2 Birds of America, i, 1840, p. 58.

3 Amer, Ornith., i, 1828, p. 74.

4 Vet.-Akad. Handligar, 1831, p. 79.

14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Audubon figures’ the Fish Hawk grasping a weakfish (Cynos--
cion regalis).

I have frequently seen Fish Hawks capture alewives ( Pomolobus.
pseudoharengus), menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus), roach (Abramis:
erysoleucas), and carp (Cyprinus carpio), along the Delaware
River. Once at Cape May, New Jersey, I saw a Fish Hawk fly
over with a large writhing eel in its talons, which shortly forced
it to alight in a near-by field. At the off-shore pounds, off Re-
hoboth in Delaware, and Ocean City in Maryland, numbers of
Fish Hawks resort. They sit on the posts supporting the nets,
and, as they desire, fly down and lift out a fish. The species I
have seen them secure in this fashion are sea-robins (Prionotus-
evolans strigatus), croakers (Micropogan undulatus), weak-fish
(Cynoscion regalis), flounders (Paralichthys dentatus), and ale-
wives. Doubtless from the multitudes of fish entrapped they
also secure many others.

Kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon). The Kingfisher appears to bear
the same ecological relation to our smaller bodies of water that
the Fish Hawk does to the larger. Often it is resident in the
Delaware River valley.

The food of the Kingfisher appears to consist entirely of small.
fishes, of which he takes a continual and heavy toll. Mr. Richard
F. Miller says that along the Wissinoming Creek, in Philadel-
phia, he flushed a Kingfisher from a favorite perch. This was on
February 10th 1902, and as snow covered the ground, a dead
minnow (Fundulus diaphanus ?), and several disgorged balls of
fish-scales and bones, probably of minnows, and large as small
grapes, were found underneath the perch.

On May 8th, 1915, Mr. Miller sent me a lot of fragments of
food belonging to a nest dug out of a burrow in a bank, about
eight feet in elevation. This was located along the Pennypack
Creek near Vereeville, in Philadelphia, and contained seven
fresh eggs. The enlarged end of the nest was seventeen inches
deep, the tunnel fifty inches deep and four inches wide at the
aperture. The fragments consisted of crawfishes (Cambarus.
bartoni), roach (Abramis crysoleucas), redfins (Notropis cornutus)
and suckers (Catostomus commersonit) .

1 Birds of America, i, 1840, Pl. 15.

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 15

I have frequently seen the Kingfisher dive into the water and
capture aroach (Abramis crysoleucas), which in many places
seems to be its chief food. This is doubtless the case, as the-
roach is one of the most common and easily secured of all our
small fishes. Other minnows it takes are fat-heads (Pimephales
notatus), spawn-eaters (Notropis hudsonius amarus), bridled min-
nows (CN. bifrenatus), silver-fins (NV. whipplii analostanus), besides
those already referred to. Its menu is likely still greater, as most
all of our small cyprinoids are devoured.

Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos). A familiar resident, and
especially abundant along our rivers in cold weather. Though
the examples I examined usually contained vegetable matter,
occasionally remains of small fish were noted,evidently roach
(Abramis crysoleucas), and killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus macro-
lepidotus).

Purple Grackle (Quéscalus quiscula). Occurs in the summer
months scattered along our streams, where it will sometimes
devour young minnows, left by the tides or otherwise accessible.
I have seen them take young roach (Abramis crysoleucas), when
less than two inches in length, along the shores of the Delaware.
Mr. Joseph Wilcox has reported the habit of grackles feeding
on fish many years ago. *

In concluding it may be interesting to note that the larger
and more powerful predatory fishes are able to capture and
overcome birds which may frequent the shores, swim on the
water, wade through it, or dive below its surface. Large pike
(Esox luctus) and eels (Anguilla anguilla) are known to capture:
water birds in Europe. Regan’ mentions, ‘‘not many years
ago a large eel was captured in a pond near Sherborne by a
laborer, who noticed a swan in difficulties and went to see what
was the matter; the bird had put its head under water and this
had been seized by the eel, who would not let go until it was in
the grasp of the man who landed it.’’ The most famous of bird-
eating fishes is the angler (Lophius piscatorius), also called goose
fish, as some ‘‘ have been known to swallow live geese.’’ Storer

1Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1877, p. 38.
2 British Freshwater Fishes, 1911, p. 156.

16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

mentions, on the authority of two quite reliable Cape Cod fish-
ermen, that ‘‘ when opened, entire sea-fowl such as large gulls,
are frequently found in their stomachs, which they supposed
them to catch in the night, when they are floating upon the
surface of the water.’’ He also notes he was ‘‘informed by
Captain Leonard West, of Chilmark, that he had known a goose-
fish to be taken haying in its stomach six coots in a fresh con-
‘dition. These he considered to have been swallowed when they
had been diving to the bottom in search of food.’’ According
to Brown-Goode, a fisherman informed him ‘‘he once saw a
struggle in the water, and found that a goose-fish had swallowed
the head and neck of a large loon, which had pulled it to the
surface and was trying to escape. There is authentic record of
seven wild ducks having been taken from the stomach of one of
them. Slyly approaching from below, they seize birds as they
float upon the surface.’?* Bigelow recently mentions? two
goose-fish taken in North Carolina, which contained ducks in
‘good preservation. One had a Lesser Scaup and the other a
Red-breasted Merganser.

1Gill, Smiths. Mise. Coll., xlvii, 1905, pp. 507-508.
2 Forest and Stream, Ixxx, February 8th, 1913, p. 173.

The Ovenbird’s Call-Song

BY ROBERT THOMAS MOORE

I have used the term ‘‘call-song’’ to differentiate the Oven-
bird’s common song from the more ornate flight-song. Any
other term I can think of seems a misnomer. Perch-song,
sometimes used, implies that the song is sung from a perch,
whereas in my experience it is more often sung from the ground.
‘*Call-song’’ is at least not misleading, for it connotes a mus-
ical production made up of call-notes, and that is what the
common song generally is, a series of identical couplets, any of
which would sound like the slurred call-note of some species, if
issued alone.

I suppose there is no bird-production which has claimed so
much attention and provoked such divergent opinions as the
common song of this species. From that early work’ of Mr.
John Borroughs, who suggested the ‘‘ teacher’’ designation to
the present time, there has been an intermittent discussion of
the problem, which note of each couplet receives the accent.
That the first note received it was Mr. Borroughs’ opinion, and
with this Simeon Pease Cheney’ agreed, illustrating his belief
by means of an interesting musical record. Butin 1904 Mr. F.
Schuyler Mathew’s* declared that both were at fault, insist-
ing that the accent is placed ‘‘on the second syllable, thus:
Teachér.’’ He, too, offered musical records as proof of his
contention. Mr. Chapman, who in his ‘‘ Handbook’’ had
praised Mr. Borroughs’ syllabic rendering, wrote in his excel-
lent compilation* on the warblers: ‘‘ Formerly, singing Oven-
birds said, to my ear, with remarkable distinctness and deci-

1 Wake-Robin, 1865, p. 52.

7 Wood Notes Wild, 1891, p. 63.

3Field Book of Wild Birds and their Music, 1907, p. 199.
*The Warblers of N. America, 1907, p. 222.

(17)

18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

sion, téacher, téacher, etc. - - -, but as I now hear the song the
accent is placed on the last syllable.’’ To this Miss Paddock
assented, but Mr. Gerald Thayer,’ unlike all the rest, noted some
variation. He wrote: ‘‘Its tone-quality is, I believe, prac-
tically changeless, but its volume, speed and accentuation vary
somewhat. Often, for instance, it is accented on the second
syllable of each teacher, instead of on the first.’’ This last,
though it suggests a solution in variation of product, lacks
authority, because it does not produce musical data to sub-
stantiate the position taken.

Believing that the real solution would be found by securing a
large series of accurate records from different localities, the
author has taken every opportunity to do this during the past
four years and has now a considerable number, obtained largely
from three localities; southern New Jersey, central New Jersey
and central Maine. These throw so much light on the problem
cited, as well as on other matters of interest connected with the
call-song, that the most notable seem worthy of publication.
They are not the result of snap judgment, but of careful decis-
ion after hours of concentration in the field. Indeed, whole
days were devoted to the task of stealing up to singing Oven-
birds and deciphering their enigmatic vocalizations, so that the
records, I believe, are practically free from error.

There seems to be a general impression that the call-song is
subject to little variation. If this were so, the wide divergence
of opinion, cited above, would be incomprehensible, except by
another supposition that the song-properties areambiguous. A
careful study of my records proves the last supposition correct
and the general impression false. One of the song-properties,
quality of tone, is extremely ambiguous, but the difficulty lies
in the great variation the song undergoes at the throats of various
Oven-birds. No two birds sing the same song and most indi-
viduals during hours of repetition change their productions con-
siderably. There is not one song-property that does not at
sometime or other vary or vanish. Even the tone-quality, gen-
erally a thick breathy whistle, is subject to some variation, for

1 Quoted in “ Warblers of N. America,’”’ p. 224. ?Thayer, MS.

PLATE II

Oven-bird Songs.

o8va

1 ?= vo P Lyes is ye s-

4

ey, Teach- ev. Teach- ev, Teach- ast lena ev Teach!

a2Bbva
* 4 Da 3 ESE

ge See ieres zsf i Ea = z &

er le ade — ey ae a th 2 erVeach!

Tend! Gleach | eset: ead ev, leachey, RAAF Beale clevalewelney. Teach!

9 Sva, mf cyes 5
Zz Bey ee mip rs o a eo ge

f.200 nl

|] See ny leeeme zy lag ay ees ey
5. = keer E Sa ESS S13
KS [ Y S| SSeS

er, Toad’ ey, Tend er TheTahi Diba hevaleaels Soe Wleateher,

ea ty.

arb
cyes.

ye es ee

Abad. evieatela ov enel ey, etc.

bi See

ey shear LY, le aallysalle selealeeeh ey, le aes reall: Bela e eal | rs anh J

38va
# 8 400 P 4f

ey, Teach cy, Teach! Teach ey alc, ach \ Taal) = ey, leach \

* These records have been shortened for convenience. Recs. 2 and 4 should have
two more identical couplets and Rec. 8, four more. It should be noted that Rees. 7
and 8 are written 38va, while the rest are 28va.

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 19

the author of Rec. 5 went to the other extreme and used a thin,
weak tone, decidedly warbler-like, while the author of Recs. 7
and 8 differed greatly from most Oven-birds in the possession
of a just and distinct intonation. Still more in the other
song-properties is variation common. The rate of speed is
slow or rapid, the pitch is high or low, the couplets alter
in number from three to eleven, the position of the accent
shifts here and there, the unaccented note (‘‘er’’) is sometimes
dropped completely and that famous crescendo, to which so
many have pinned their faith as to an immutable ear-mark of
identification, exhibits the extreme limits of deviation possible
to a musical expression! I have known songs to increase in
power during the deliverance of six ‘‘teachers’’ from ppp to
fff, or in other words the first notes carried no farther than a
few feet and the last half a mile, while other songs betrayed the
merest suspicion of crescendo!

A comparison of the records (Plate II) indicates these varia-
tions precisely. For instance, the rate of speed in Record 2 is
marked as § = 200, which means it was rendered presto quick,

é
while Rec. 4 is still faster, uP = 220. On the other hand,

Rec. 9 ( a = 160) is about two-thirds as fast, while Rec. 3 was

sung in such slow irregular rhythm that it could not be timed
with a metronome. An illustration of a typical crescendo
effect is found in Rec. 4. In the space of eleven couplets it
increases in intensity from a soft tone (pp) to a very loud
tone (ff). On the other hand, Rec. 5 exhibits no crescendo
whatever! The general pitch of Rec. 9, (page 21), is low,
while that of Rec. 5 is an octave higher. When we come to the
position of the unaccented note (‘‘er’’) we find it is higher
than the accented one (‘‘teach’’) in Rec. 1, while in Rec. 2
just the contrary is true, and in Rec. 4 the unaccented note in
the first four couplets is dropped entirely! This omission seems
rather common, for it occurs in four of my records.

But these variations, of tone-quality, time, intensity and
pitch, are, after all, not more than one would expect from a
persistent songster, whose song is not nearly so constant as
bird-students have supposed. Far more unusual is the occa-

20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

sional presence of aberrant notes, which add greatly to the diffi-
culty of deciding exactly what the bird is doing and may have
confused many reliable students. These perplexing notes may
be divided into two classes: those which interrupt the regular
couplets and those which do not, the latter being mere orna-
ments to the couplets, which are sounded at the same time.
Rec. 8 is a good example of the first class. Here the aberrant
triplets (sets of three notes barred with two lines) break up the
couplets (‘‘ teacher ’’ notes) which cease while the triplets are
being sung. The latter differ in tone-quality and are pitched
about an octave higher than the couplets. Probably the trip-
lets are plagiarized from the flight-song, for the combined effect
is similar to that of the flight-music and approaches, I doubt
not, the aberrant utterances mentioned by Mr. Thayer.* Un-
like Mr. Thayer’s song, this was probably not a prelude to the
flight-song, for it was rendered from a tree in the middle of the
day and continued for three-quarters of an hour, after which
the bird dropped to the ground.

The second class of aberrant notes is more extraordinary and
has not been mentioned, so far as I am aware, in the literature
of the Oven-bird. I have caught it on several occasions, both
in Maine and New Jersey, and in not one case was it a prelude to
a flight-song. Sometimes it was a trill (Rec. 6), sometimes the
repetition of a single note (Rec. 9, p. 21) and sometimes an
extra series of high couplets (Rec. 7), but in most cases the
regular couplets are continued to the end.* When I first de-
tected this supplementary series of notes, I did not ascribe it to
the Oven-bird above my head, but to some unknown warbler
farther away, because it was rendered an octave higher than the
main part of the song and with an entirely different tone-~
guality. On this occasion it was a rapid trill, like a Pine
Warbler’s song, for which my companion mistook it, but de-
livered with the tone-quality of a violin string. Though it
generally entered about the middle of the song, it often did so
at any point from the beginning to the end, and occasionally it

‘ Quoted in ‘‘ Warblers of N. America,” p. 223.
? Rec. 7 is an exception, in which one aberrant triplet breaks the couplets
at the end.

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 21

was whistled very softly without the lower couplets at all.
With its inception the regular call-couplets sometimes reversed
the accent (after the manner of Rec. 5, which I will explain
later) to correspond to the accent of the trill. The remarkable
feature of this performance is the ‘‘double-noted”’ effect, an
effect which is the almost peculiar possession of the great song-
sters, notably the thrushes. Potentially, at least, this places
the Oven-bird in their ranks, a position which he may actually
attain, if he continues to experiment with these remarkable
musical devices. It indicates that he has not yet attained and
accomplished, but even now, perhaps, is ascending to some rare
achievement, possible only to an evolving genius.

It is a suggestive fact that Rec. 7 was produced by the same
bird which sang Rec. 8, the example chosen to illustrate the
first class of aberrant songs. And this indicates the diversity
that exists in the productions of individual Oven-birds. A
more remarkable example of this is the following group of five
songs which were all sung by one bird on May 19, 1911, during
a period of three and a half hours. One other record, which has
not been inserted, was sung by the same bird. I was with
him from 11a. m. until 2:30 p.m. He was not once out of
my sight! At 11:00 he sang thus,

Mie a
1 (CESS SSE SRC LU ASR CARTE TS TR
6 GRY OS SB El UROUAE 2 EL A a
fi 7 AE DAR. Lee “OT

We aa) ey, es etl a Aalt eee ze Te “lee et c.-

employing crescendo, a moderate rate of speed ( uy = 160) and

the aberrant repeated note. This he sang a number of times
with slight variations until 11:30, when he raised it a ‘‘ third’”’
in pitch. About noon, which was unseasonably hot, the song
gradually deteriorated. The trill and crescendo were dropped

3 o8va

and the couplets reduced totwo. At the same time the accented

ae PROCEEDINGS OF THE

note lost its characteristic sledge-stroke, so that both notes were
struck with equal languor and the rate of speed became very
slow. Shortly after this the song went to pieces on single coup-
lets and ceased for an hour. At 1:30 p. m. it was resumed in
the form of a typical song, while the rate of speed and accent

ev, Teach- er. Teach-. ev Teach- : ev, leach- x ev, Te ach!

were restored. In this rendering the unaccented note came
first: ‘‘er-Téach, er-Téach, etc.’’ But at 2 p. m. this eccentric
individual reversed the accent, and sang Mr. Borroughs’ song,
although he elided the unaccented note from the first two coup-

: PP

Teach! Tea Te Nea ee ete.

lets. But this was not all! A half-hour later the accented
note was placed lower than the unaccented and the song dropped
in pitch. This Oven-bird was a versatile individual, far beyond

etuo ny ava.

ees neech TATA ey, eke;

the ordinary, no doubt, and yet every Oven-bird, to which I have
devoted an hour’s patience, has exhibited the same tendency
towards variation.

In this description I have alluded to a ‘‘ change of accent,”’’
which brings up the problem of the call-song. Every one is
acquainted with Mr. Borroughs’ syllabic rendering, the best of its
kind, ‘‘ Teacher, teacher, TEAcHER, THACHER, TEACHER,”’
which provoked the popular question: ‘‘ Does the first or sec-
ond syllable receive the accent?’’ To begin with, this does not
state the problem correctly. It is bad enough to force an un-
musical word down a bird’s throat, but it is the last straw of

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 23

insult to accuse him of mispronouncing it! Miss Paddock?
realized this and, though noting a song similar to Mr. Mathews’
records, rendered it syllabically ‘‘cher-téa, cher-téa, cher-téa,”’
instead of ‘‘ teachér, teachér, teachér.’? So too did Dr. Witmer
Stone in his ‘‘ Birds of New Jersey.’? The real problem after
all is not whether the bird sings ‘‘téacher’’ or ‘‘teachér,’’ but
whether he begins his song with an accented or unaccented
musical note.* The solution of this problem may be found,
not only in my records, but also in the combined records of
Messrs. Mathews and Cheney, as well as in the perfectly ac-
curate observations of Messrs. Borroughs, Chapman and Thayer.
The bird does both of these things. Hach individual places that
accent just where he sees fit and shifts it when he chooses, with
the result that some songs accent the first note throughout the
call (Recs. 4 and 10) and most the second (Recs. 1, 2 and 6)!
About fifteen per cent. do the former according to my records,
and this average is probably not far wrong.

Most interesting of all, quite a few individuals shift the accent
in the middle of the song, stressing the second note of each
couplet during the first half and the first note during the sec-
ond. So that in the single performance of one Oven-bird we
have the solution of the problem which has caused so much
divergence of opinion! My best example of this is Rec. 5.
The break is represented syllabically at the end of the fourth
couplet for the benefit of those who are not familiar with mus-
ical notation. It would not be detected, except by a keen ear,

on account of the speed ( Bh = 200), with which the song is de-

livered, and yet it would produce an ambiguous effect upon the
listener’s attention. Indeed this shift of accent, as it may occur
unexpectedly at any point in the song, is a most confusing trick
and probably more responsible for the divergent report of so
many careful scientists than any other eccentric trick of this
most eccentric warbler.

Despite the variability in the accent’s point of attack, it is in
one sense the most constant quality of the call-song. It is always

1 Quoted in Chapman’s ‘‘ Warblers of North America,’’ p. 224.

? Mr. Mathews in one record recognizes a supplementary initial grace note,
which I have detected but once.

24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

present, so far as my experience goes, in all performances, how-
ever erratic and immature.’ It is the characteristic trait, which
together with the crescendo effect, makes all of these productions
instantly recognizable as belonging to the Oven-bird. When
heard at a distance, it is invariably decided, almost sledge-like
in its stroke, though curiously enough at close range, muffled
and obscure. Again it is beat off in exact rhythm, like the tick-
ing of a clock with no sign of decrease or increase of speed.
Occasionally interrupted for snatches of the flight-song, the reg-
ular beat is at once reasserted, when the borrowed theme has
been abandoned.

The name, Golden-crowned Accentor still persists in the syn-
onymy of this species and to a musician seems a better term
than Oven-bird. Other birds have evolved roofs for their nests,
notably the wrens, who have outdone our whimsical oven-
builder, but no other bird in the East has developed such a re-
markable accent by the most effective medium for displaying it,
that of crescendo. As far as my experience goes, it is the most
tremendous crescendo in the bird-world, quite capable of as-
tounding the blasé intruder into its region of high oaks and beech-
es. There from the bush-free earth out of the heaps of restless
leaves will swell that voice, which in the time of three seconds
will surge from distant wood to his very feet. No musician can
render it with more precision! Heard at a distance it is free of
all vagaries and has that confident ring, which at once claims the
woods and dominates all other songs, however much finer mu-
sically. Other birds have conceived some value in crescendo
and have employed it more or less effectively, particularly the
Screech Ow], who has pushed it to the extreme in the service of
mystery, and the Flicker, whose product is as harsh as the Oven-
bird’s is soothing, but neither of them has caught the full con-
ception of its noblest power, the ability to express unbounded
exultation by one mighty surge to climax, as has this great
Acceutor, wee of form, but gigantic of voice.

1 Even here 1] must note an exception and this only proves how variable this
bird is. In Rec. 3 each note was sounded with the same intensity, so that there
was no accent, but this happened when the song was deteriorating apparently
under the influence of the heat.

The Snow Hill Bird—Roost

BY SAMUEL N. RHOADS.

Snow Hill is an old negro settlement, probably entitled long
ago to its centennial anniversary, and located a mile or more
south of Haddonfield, Camden Co., N. J. Approached from
the Haddonfield side, it has a sandy, hilly appearance, but on
other sides that feature is not manifest. On the northeast side
of the hamlet it slopes rapidly toward the spring-heads of a
branch of Cooper’s Creek, and at this point is located what I
have decided to call a Bird-roost, as distinguished from a Black-.
bird, or Robin-roost.

It may seem as strange to you as it has to me that with all
my gadding about for forty years after birds, not only around
home, but abroad as well, I had as yet never discovered a
Blackbird or a Robin-roost. Imagine therefore my feelings on
August 31, 1913, when after a few hours scouting, I found my-
self in a roost of that kind within rifle shot of my old home.
Nor was this all, a negro, whose house stood close by the roost,
said that this piece of woods had always been a fall resort for
thousands of birds, and a white farmer on the other side said
that he had known them to frequent the place for roosting dur-
ing the fourteen years he had lived there.

This roosting place does not strike one as ideal. It is small ;
the wooded portion of a hillside covering only about four or
five acres. The higher portion is a sandy knoll covered with
bushy pines twelve to eighteen feet high; below these, oaks,
gums and chestnuts, of twenty to thirty-five feet, thickly cover
the slope, and at the bottom, which is swampy, oaks, red
maples and black gums, some forty to fifty feet high, reach out
to the cleared meadow and brush lands of the trueswamp. The
roost is thus isolated from other pieces of woods in the vicinity
by cleared or partially cleared areas on all sides. This fact may

( 25 )

26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

.afford some protection for the assembling birds from the gun-
ners who frequently disturb them; at least it gives them a
chance to reconnoitre before entering the roost, a precaution
which many flocks take, except those coming in at very late
hours. The shape of the roost is like that of a reversed map
of Africa, and the widest portion is on highest ground.

In observing the birds assemble, I selected the Haddonfield
or northern side, where was a swampy meadow commanding a
wide view of the horizon north and west, out of which the great
bulk of birds approached. It should be stated that my dis-
covery of the roost was primarily due to observing the regular
flight of Crow Blackbirds from 5.30 to 6 p. m. over my home,
81 Haddon Avenue, Haddonfield, during the latter part of |
August of the present year. Every evening the line of flight
was remarkably true to a course over my little garden and cer-
tain lofty trees in my aunts’ yard, thence over the Town Hall,
southward. The elevation of this aerial course was about one
hundred and twenty feet, or well above the highest tree-tops.
‘Occasionally the Blackbirds would alight in the woods just
behind the garden and gather acorns or pick gumberries with
the flocks of Robins there gathered, but that would be earlier
in the afternoon. There were about three or four thousand
Blackbirds in these flocks, and I supposed on discovering the
roost that there would be practically nothing but Blackbirds in
it. In this I was greatly mistaken, for though they formed the
bulk of roosting birds, there were hundreds of Robins, scores of
Starlings, dozens of Doves, and a large number of migratory
warblers, finches, thrushes and woodpeckers, nightly associated
with them in various parts of the wood.

Probably a version of my verbatim field-notes, taken on the
‘ground, will give the most real picture of what went on at the
roost after the ‘‘ roosters’’ began to arrive.

‘‘ First visit. 4.30 p. m., searching for roost, walked beyond
it, when saw some Starlings flying over and back of me, as if to
shelter, so asked some boys who directed me to go back } mile.
Found roost, and a few Starlings in top of high tree near-by,
about 200 yards east of Snow Hill School House. More Star-
lings circle around, then all clear out. 5.12: first Grackles

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 27

‘coming from Haddonfield way, 15 or 20 alighting in top of big
gum over spring. 5.20: about 60 Swamp Blackbirds (or are
they Cowbirds?) fly swiftly clear over and beyond roost (not
seen again). 5.30: a Dovecamein. (A clear, calm, hot night
this; fine for observations.) 5.40: a dozen Crow-blacks from
Haddonfield way go to big gum; many warblers in swamp,
scolding and calling; many Night Hawks appear above trees,
circling about, not migrating? 5.45: about 50 Crow-blacks
leave roost, fly toward Haddonfield, also the Dove. 5.54:
Blackbird flocks coming from Haddonfield way, together with
3 Robins, also first Starling from that way. 6.15: 100 Crow-
‘blacks and 4 Starlings. 6.20: 20 Doves in twos and sixes and
150 Crow-blacks, with 30 Starlings, all from Haddonfield way,
being first to settle down and begin palaver in roost, also some
Flickers, Robins and Brown Thrushes come in. 6.38: 15
Doves, many Robins continually dropping in, mostly from
‘Haddonfield way, also Doves in twos and threes, continuously
‘from same point, about 18 more in all. 6.40: 150 Crow-blacks
and another 109 from a new point, viz., eastward. 6.45: large
flocks from Haddonfield way, continue ; big bunch Starlings
from Audubon way, viz., westward, also more Doves, all of
which latter appear to settle among pine-scrub on sandy knoll,
away from Blackbird roost, most Robins settle in and around
same locality, the Blackbirds confining themselves to central
portions of taller wood, over space of 2 acres; getting dusk, bats
flying, 100 Crow-blacks from east; see a planet; Robins increas-
ing, dashing in low from all points; Brown Thrushes, Veery and
-Chewinks calling in bush margins of wood. 6.50: Doves and
lot of Crow-blacks in continual streams, just over tree tops,
dropping in, the latter quite noisy. 7.05: scattering Robins
dashing in close to me, out of the dusk. 7.10: no more birds
appear to come in, so I leave the roost for home.’’

Unfortunately, two weeks intervened between my first visit
-and the next one. The second visit was made on the afternoon
of September 15th. The weather was clear, cool and hazy. I
arrived at the roost on my bicycle about 4 p. m., and took five
-photo-views of the roost from various positions. My notes on
this visit run substantially as follows:

28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

‘4.15: a few Robins already in wood. 5.15: 8 Crow-blacks:
flew over roost toward Haddon Heights, viz., westward. 5.30:
flock of 30 Robins flew into big gum. 5.50: 15 Crow-blacks:.
flew over and came back in three minutes. 5.55: growing dark
and apparently no Blackbirds likely to come, when suddenly a
flock of 150 drop in from the east, Robins meanwhile com-.
ing in fives and tens, scatteringly from Haddonfield way, many
others descending from a great height from Audubon way;
Night Hawks dashing about high up; some Cedar Birds seen.
6.05: 50 Crow-blacks from the west; Wood Thrushes scolding,
also Chewinks, Brown Thrushes and Robins making quite a.
commotion in woods, probably caused by Owls there, also noted
Cat Birds, and a Least Flycatcher, plainly seen, earlier. 6.15:
quite dark, but saw 25 to 80 Doves come in, in close file, just.
over swamp bushes, evidently in much fear. As many Robins
as on my first visit. 6.30: went home.”’

The great reduction in numbers of roosting birds observed on
my second visit was evidently not due to lack of birds in the.
region or to migration, as my observations in neighboring locali-
ties proved, but was undoubtedly due almost entirely to gun-.
ners, who, I was informed, had, on several evenings since {my
first visit, been shooting the Blackbirds as they came in.

Third visit, Sunday, September 28th. ‘‘ Arrived at roost on
my wheel. 5.50 p.m., many Robins coming, in irregular flocks:
from Haddonfield way, which, I do not doubt, are the same
flocks observed in the gum trees back of my house that afternoon,
where there seemed to be several hundred. No Blackbirds nor
Starlings appeared that night in any direction viewed from the
roost, though flocks of the former were in my woods and vicin-
ity that day at Haddonfield. Remained till late dusk, 6.20,
and heard a Wood Thrush and Chewink. About 30 Doves came
to their roost in the pines in twos and threes, over a period of
about twenty minutes. Fine clear day and evening, neither
cold nor hot. Should say there was no diminution in number
of Robins coming to roost from that noted on previous visit. ’’

This was my last visit. These observations can be considered
merely as a preliminary report on a Roost which will bear fur-
ther and more careful investigation next year, and it is my hope-

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 29

to be able to take the matter up with greater thoroughness in
‘the future, as this old-established Bird-Roost appears to be of
a much more cosmopolitan character than those which have been
reported in last year’s issue of Cassinia. Owing to the irregular
and imperfect manner of making the above observations, it will
be best to reserve any deductions or conclusions, which may
shave occured to me, for a future paper.
HapponFietp, N. J. Jan. 1st 1918.

A Census of the Turkey Vulture in Delaware

BY CHARLES J. PENNOCK

So far as the writer has found there has been but little pub-.
lished on efforts at an enumeration of the individuals of any
species of birds, resident in any extended territory. In Illinois
a few years ago there was a careful bird census reported,’ and
various writers have mentioned points bearing on this subject.’
It is obvious that the larger birds may be counted with more
accurate results. They are to be seen farther and hereabouts
are fewer in numbers.

My notes on the occurrence of the Turkey Vulture in Dela-
ware extend over several years and may prove of interest.
The deductions are probably subject to criticism, but are in-
tended to be conservative. The territory covered is for the
most part level, except in the extreme northern part (less than
one-tenth of the total area of the state), and there the species
are less numerous than elsewhere in Delaware. Many of these
notes were taken from railway trains and trolleys, but this bird
is so readily recognized even at a long distance that there is little
chance for an error in identification. Probably this would hold
true for comparatively few species of birds. It will be noted
that the count in winter sometimes equals or exceeds that for
warmer weather. This may not exactly reflect actual condi-
tions, as in May and June incubation takes place and fewer
birds would be moving; in summer more dense foliage would
usually interfere with a full count. Nevertheless, this bird is
strictly resident throughout the state, unless there is a slight
increase in the colder weather from birds that drifted north-
ward in summer, Delaware being almost the northern breeding

1 An Ornithological Cross Section of Illinois in Autumn. Bull. of the Il.
State Lab. of N. Hist., Vol. VII, Article IX, April, 1907, byS. A. Forbes, Ph. D.

2Knight, Birds of Maine, 1898, pp. 236-237, and p. 348. Wilson Bulle--
tin, No. 14, ete.
(30 )

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 31

limit of the Turkey Vulture along the Atlantic seacoast. The
factor of timber land interposing has been used, because the
birds can be observed at such a long distance, that woods close
at hand would cut off open country beyond, and again this
species may be found in woods, feeding when opportunity
offers, and frequently roosting there in the day time, and then
they are not likely to be seen in passing.

The separate figures represent separate observations (birds.
close together or in the same immediate neighborhood) and are
given to indicate better the distribution of this bird throughout
the region.

It has been assumed that the observer was able to see a belt
one mile wide, an arbitrary assumption dependent on various.
conditions, including height of the bird above the earth, but
numerous observations suggest this distance as being within
bounds.

Distance in miles.
To square mile.

o

SI

Sali:

Zi

Dec. 18, 1900. Odessa to River Farm. Driv- |
TEA eS eI A NS Ta ag en ee te
Mar. 8, 1901. Wilmington to Dover. From |
car window. (8 percent. added) . . . . |
Oct. 8, 1904. Hockessin. From trolley. | 10
Oct. 11, 1906. Hockessin. Walk, various. 6

Feb. 9, 1907. Greenbank. Trolley. 75 (not |
considered). These birds were feeding and
probably had been attracted from a distance.

Dec. 27, 1907. Middletown to Lewes. From
car window. 1-1-1-1-2-2-1-2-2-2-2-3-23-3-2-3-
3-2-2-1-3-3-3-3-2-1-2-2-2-1-2-2-1-10-3-2-2-3-2-
2-2-9-1-19-1-1-2-1-3-1-2-12-2-2-1-3-2. 57 ob-
servations, 174 birds seen. Add 8 per cent.
for loss from woods, 14. Tne TN GeG

SE
On

188/77.5| 2.4
17.9

32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Number.

Distance in miles.
To square mile.

Dec. 30, 1907. Lewes and vicinity. Walk-
ing. 129 were counted in 3 days’ tramping.
Different routes taken each day, and none
counted on homeward bound trip, say. . 50
May 15, 1908. Rehoboth and vicinity. |
Walking. 9-1-9-9-4-3-4-2-2 , ‘ 22
May 16, 1908. Morning, Rehoboth. Walk.
ESTEVES WEN 12
May 16, 1908. Afternoon, Rehoboth. Walk.
ee een! ar EN The
June 6, 1908. Porters and vicinity. Walk-
ing. feqep tate olen) (i) 22
Sept. 29, 1908. Rehoboth to Wilmington.
From car window. To Georgetown, 20 miles,
1-1-5-1-8-5-2-1-1-1-10-1-6-1-2-18 = 59. To
Harrington, 23 m., 7-3-5-5-2-3-1-1-2-1-1-2-3-4-
4-1-2-2-3-2-7 = 61. To Dover, 17 m., 3-2-1-2-
1-1-1-5-1-1-1-3-11-3-2-1-1-1-1=42. To Wil-
mington, 47.5 m., 1-1-1-1-1-2-2-4-1-1-2-1-1-1-
0-41-1-1 =66. 72 observations. Total 228
counted one side of car only, add 8 per cent.
for loss by woods and then 4 for other side of
car. MUS IMUM EB UUTO AN Aluaually GAO
Jan. 2, 1909. State Line to Summit Hill.
‘Trolley, various . . 10
March 29, 1909. State Line to Summit Hill.
Trolley, 3- sup nh : 8
Sept. 11, 1909. Yorklyn. Walk, 163,954) 6
Sept. 30, 1909. Summit Hill. Walk, 1-1-
2-3-1. , 8
Oct. 18, 1909. "Wilmington to Dover. Rail-
road, 6-1-1-2-3-1-1-1-1-2-1-2-9-1-1-1-1-2-2-4-1-
Pou eer ee es lg Te) Add 8 nes cent,
CO eM Vs ; ‘ : 65

_—
oa

or

= Se

~I

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 33
het AE OEE AC ERE SER ie 810A OU LN

Number.
| Distance in miles.
To square mile

66.9
Noy. 12, 1909. State Line to Wilmington.
prolley Eb -p-4-2-9. 9) 8 is i ee 18 9) 2.
May 14, 1910. State Line to Yorklyn. Walk,
Oct. 29,1910. Springs to Newport. Walk,
Goo aa 2-O-N-S aa ee ck
May 27, 1911. Henderson to Clayton. From
car window. Seen 76 birds, add 10 per cent.
for heavier timbered country. (Both sides of
car were observed, but opposite side only in
Paneer wuals about ss iat Bs 84! 16.6
November 30, 1912. Newport. Walk, 1-2-4. 7 1
Dec. 30, 1912. Brenford to Rehoboth. From
car window. To Dover, 8.2 miles, 8-20-5-1-1-
1-2-2-1-3-2-2-1-1-1-4-6 = 61. Dover to Har-
rington, 16.7 miles, 2-5-2-4-2-3-1-3-3-1-2-1-3-
1-1-1-1-5-2-5-2-3-2-1 = 56. To Rehoboth,
43.6 miles, 2-1-1-2-1-4-1-1-1-2-1-1-2-2-1-2-3-1- |
1-2-1-1-2-1-2-1-1-3-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-7-12-1-1-5-1- |
1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 = 87. Total of 204. Add 8/
per cent., say 16. 91 observations. . . . 220) 68.5) 3.2

28 3] 9.3

Fed

Nerber ob nips 22 ini IC MMR Oe) 22) 98.4
BMV CRR 1) 1 Gay A cal rats dag UANURN Vu CA ke AR

It is to be noted that the observations off the cars average 6.1
while from a car window the average is only 2.53 which would
indicate that many birds are missed on hurried trips, as might
be expected. Taking the average of all of these Records we
have 4.47. Itis probable that such a method in counting would
not embrace over 50 to 60 per cent of the entire Vulture popu-

34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

lation, as many birds would not be moving. Granted that
two-thirds of all these birds were seen and we would have
an average of 6.71 birds to the square mile. About 4, of the area
of the state may be included in the hilly section of the North,
where the Turkey Vulture is less numerous than in the remain-
der of the state. Again assuming, and taking 3, per square mile
as a fair number for this hilly region we would have the general
average for the entire State as 6.40 birds to the square mile.
The area of Delaware is somewhat over 2100 square miles so
that under such a system of reckoning we have a total of about
13.440. It would appear that we might almost ignore the R.
R. records, as they are so constantly lower than the others and by
so doing and adding 4 would have an average about 8.5 to square
mi., and a total of about 17.850, * as a number for the Turkey
Vulture population of the state. It is evident that the factor of
uncertainty has appeared several times in the forgoing estimate
and that the result may be far from exact. However the records
are given as taken and those interested may draw their own con-
clusions.

For reference Wilson Bulletin No. 74, March, 1911, p. 41 and other ‘‘ Bird

Horizons.’’ Bunes in Wilson Bulletin No. 37, Dec., 1901, and Osprey, Vol.
II, p. 48. Gault in Wilson Bulletin No. 28, Vol. 6, No. 5, p. 65.

1 With one exception no Records on cars equalled 33 to the square mi.,
while off the cars none was below 4.

Bird Notes

ReEcorps oF UnusuaL OccuRRENCES FoR 1918.'

Green Heron. Camden, N. J. (Potter), Nov. 30.

Florida Gallinule. Bridesburg, Pa. (R. F. Miller), Feb. 12.

Wilson’s Phalarope. Pocono, Pa. (Carter), Sept. 10.

Saw-whet Owl. Westtown, Pa. (Carter), Dec. 7.

Saw-whet Owl. Camden, N. J., (Potter), Nov. 27.

Arkansas Kingbird.” Rehoboth, Pa. (Peniaock and Trotter),
Dec. 31, 1912.

Olive-sided Flycatcher. Marple, Pa. (Culver), Aug. 29.

Savannah Sparrow. Lester, Pa. (Pearson), Jan. 29.

Chewink. Melrose, Pa. (Barker), Jan. 1 and 38.

Rose-breasted Grosbeak. Nesting Pensauken, N. J. (R. F.
Miller), July 7.

Rose-breasted Grosbeak. Nesting Beverly, N. J. (Street),
summer.

Cape May Warbler. Unusually common. Reported by
Abbott, Baily, Kuser, Mason, Palmer, Serrill, Stone and Styer.
See Migration Report.

Mourning Warbler. Paoli, Pa. (Baily), May 18.

Mourning Warbler. Aldan, Pa. (Culver), May 25.

Hooded Warbler. Swarthmore, Pa. (Harrower), May 5.

Hooded Warbler. Bustleton, Pa. (R F' Miller) May 8.

Short-billed Marsh Wren. Breeding Haddonfield, N. J.
(Rhoads), July 1.

Gnateatcher. Atlantic City, N. J. (Cromie), April 238.

Gnatcatcher. Fish House, N. J. (Potter), March 28.

Back-YARD OBSERVATIONS IN PHILADELPHIA.

These are the birds observed by Mrs. Stone and myself in
our 20x40 ft. garden, in a thickly built-up section of West
Philadelphia. A series of similar yards runs along for the

1These records are unusual, either on account of locality or date. For
details see Migration Report.
2 Reported in Awk, 1913, p. 573.
: (35 )

36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

whole block, backed by a similar series belonging to houses on
the next street. Ours is protected from cats by a chicken-wire
extension to the open iron fence:

Mar. 26. Flicker (onchimney). Sept. 80. Cape May Warbler

April 20. Hermit Thrush. (2 juv.).
May 11. Maryland Yellow- Brown Thrasher.
throat. White-throated Spar-
Nighthawk (flying row.
over). Oct. 1. Junco.
May 13. Towhee (female). Oct. 2. Catbird.
May 15. Purple Martin (flying Oct. 3. Myrtle Warbler (2).
over). Oct. 4. Brown Thrasher.
May 18, 27, 28. Maryland Yel- Catbird.
low-throat. 5. Hermit Thrush.
Aug. 31. Maryland Yellow- Oct. 16. Maryland Yellow-
throat. throat.
Least Flycatcher. Oct. 17. House Wren.
Sept. 8. Maryland Yellow- Oct. 18. Maryland Yellow-
throat. throat.
Sept. 10. Blackpoll Warbler. Oct. 19. House Wren.
Sept. 12. Tennessee Warbler. Ruby-crowned King-
Maryland Yellow- let.
throat. White-throated Spar-
Sept. 14. Oven-bird. row.
Sept. 21. Cape May Warbler Junco.
(1 ad 2 juv.). Oct. 28. Ruby-crowned King-
Sept. 22. Brown Thrasher. let.
Sept. 24. Black-poll Warbler. Oct. 25, 27. White-throated
Black-throated Blue Sparrow.
Warbler. Oct. 29, 30. Ruby-crowned
Sept. 25. Hummingbird. Kinglet.
Sept. 28, 30. Maryland Yel- Oct. 30. Woodcock.
low-throat.

As all these birds were unquestionably migrating, the dates
throw some interesting light on the length of time of the
migration period for certain species, as for instance the Maryland

Yellow-throat.
WITMER STONE.

Report on the Spring Migration of 1913

COMPILED BY WITMER STONE

Only thirty-eight schedules were received for the spring of
1913. The increasing importance of this series of migration
records makes it imperative that the observations should be
kept up and that the corps of observers should be increased.
Arrangements have been made, by which inquiries will be
answered promptly and schedules furnished to any one applying
to Dr. Witmer Stone, Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan
Square, Philadelphia.

The observers for 1913 were the following:

New Jersey.

Cape May, H. Walker Hand.

Atlantic City, Mrs. Norma 8. Cromie.
Vineland, Mrs. Alice K. Prince.

Downstown, Wm. W. Fair.

Yardville, Rachel E. Allinson.

Bordentown, Minnie V. Flynn.

Three miles §. E. of Trenton, Richard M. Abbott.
Beverly, J. Fletcher Street.

Bernardsville, J. D. Kuser.

Rancocas, Frances B. Stokes and Emily Haines.
Moorestown, Anna A. Mickle.

Moorestown, Agnes M. Wierman.

Camden, Julian K. Potter.

Pennsylvania.

Concordville, Katherine R. and Elizabeth P. Styer.
West Chester, Isaac G. Roberts.
West Chester, Robt. P. Sharples.
Westtown, E. L. Nicholson.
(37)

38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Westtown, H. M. Webster.
Swarthmore, H. M. Harrower.
Swarthmore, Samuel C. Palmer.
Addingham, D. E. Culver.
Lansdowne, John D. Carter.
Media, Lydia G. Allen.
Ardmore, Wm. L. Baily.
Haverford, Wm. J. Serrill.
Wayne, Mary K. Baker.
Wayne, Leonard 8. Pearson.
Rosemont, Saml. Scoville, Jr.
Bryn Mawr, Emily H. Thomas.
West Philadelphia, Thomas R. Hill.
Norwood, Jesse E. Packer.
Germantown, Arthur C. Emlen.
Holmesburg, Henry W. Fowler.
Frankford, Richard F. Miller.
Newtown, Alexander Patman.
Newtown, Cornelia Hicks.
Newtown, Nancy Emhardt.
Melrose, Saml. H. Barker.
Doylestown, Russell Mason.
Easton, Edw. J. F. Marx.
Lopez, Otto Behr.

The weather during the first half of February, 1913, was cold,
but the last two weeks were for the most part mild, the temper-
ature reaching its maximum on the 20th, on which date Purple
Grackles, Robins and Killdeers were reported.

Early March was cold, with rising temperature March 12-15
accompanied by rain. The highest temperature of the month
was registered on March 21, following a heavy rain, marked by
arrivals of Phoebes and Field Sparrows. A considerable migra-
tion took place on the 28th and 29th, clear days following rain
—Kingfishers, Grackles, Vesper Sparrows and Chipping Spar-
rows.

The first half of April was generally rainy, clearing on the
17th, with no more rain until the 27th. There was a marked

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 39

migratory movement on the 18th and 19th and another on the
25th and 26th and on the 30th, which was a clear day, follow-
ing three days of rain.

The first of these waves brought the Towhee, Tree Swallow,
Myrtle Warbler and Brown Thrasher; the second the Chimney
Swift, Black and White Warbler, Yellow-throat and House
Wren; and the last the Spotted Sandpiper, Whip-poor-will,
Ovenbird, Catbird and Wood Thrush.

May was clear until the 18th, with an enormous migratory
movement on the 3d and 4th.

The spring was noteworthy for the great number of rarer
warblers observed, notably the Cape May, Bay-breasted and
Wilson’s.

The autumn of 1912 was characterized by the great abund-
ance of Red-breasted Nuthatches, which remained through the
winter and weil into the spring at a number of stations. In the
autumn of 1913 came an unusual influx of Black-capped
Chickadees.

A table similar to that prepared last year is appended show-
ing the number of days earlier (++) or later (—), by which the
1918 bulk-arrival dates for the Philadelphia district differed
from the average.

Purple Grackle . : : : : . Feb. 28 + 7
Robin. ; ; : , : ‘ Mane Wiese 9
Fox Sparrow . : : : : : Aarne ll hcl ams be
Red-winged Blackbird . 4 : i Si hs eet 2G
Flicker . : , : d p : SA cinta hel
Phoebe . : A é 4 : : fa peilaea 0
Cowbird . : ; A : : j OANA AS Raed
Kingfisher . ve : : : Manat) 0
Vesper Sparrow. . i : i 5 SE OO Wate 2
Chipping Sparrow . : : : 3 SP nA 2,
Sapsucker. f ! ; : : .Apr. 7 + 38
Hermit Thrush ; : X 5 : Bae vive yeaa
Ruby-crowned Kinglet . : : , BAG ett VO
Yellow Palm Warbler. : d : OP aid Wms aga
Towhee . q i : ; 3 : AMO netomat
Barn Swallow . : : : ‘ ‘ Seen aly ste Riley

40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Chimney Swift

Brown Thrasher

House Wren .

Black and White Warbler
Spotted Sandpiper .
Maryland Yellow-throat .
Grasshopper Sparrow
Yellow Warbler

Catbird .

Oven-bird

Wood Thrush .

Redstart . :
Black-throated Blue Warbler :
Parula Warbler

Crested Flycatcher .
Kingbird

Baltimore Oriole

Scarlet Tanager
Blue-winged Warbler
Chestnut-sided Warbler .
Red-eyed Vireo

Chat ; :
Rose-breasted (unease 4
Indigobird ‘
Magnolia Warbler .
Bobolink. 4
Olive-backed Bhrvel
Hummingbird

Wood Pewee . u
Yellow-billed Cuckoo
Blackpoll Warbler .
Canada Warbler

+/+) +++

-+-

}t+i)++++4+4++ 4+

See ee ee ae

--

Horned Grebe, Galamnbus auritus Avestan. April 5 (Web

ster).
Pied-billed Grebe, Podilymbus podiceps.
31 (Miller).

Holmesburg, March

Loon, Gavia immer. Fish House, N. J., April 12-16 (Pot-

ter); Atlantic City, N. J., May 3 (Cromie).

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 4}

Wilson’s Petrel, Oceanicus oceanites. Delaware Bay below
Ledge Light, June 5 (Prince).

Bonapart’s Gull, Larus philadelphia. Delaware River at
Chester, April 8, five; April 9, one; April 15, 16, numerous;.
and a few April 18 (Carter); Fish House, N. J., April 9-24
(Potter).

Laughing Gull, Larus atricilla. Delaware River at Chester,
gne, April 29 (Carter); mouth of Maurice River, N. J., August
22-23, 1912, several (Prince).

Black-backed Gull, Larus marinus. Atlantic City, N. J.,.
January 5 (Cromie).

Common Tern, Sterna hirundo. Gloucester, N. J., Sept. 2,.
1912 (Potter).

Black Tern, Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis. Pensauken
Creek, N. J., July 8-9 (Miller).

Merganser, Mergus americanus. Delaware River at Camden,
N. J., Feb. 2-April 27 (Potter).

Red-breasted Merganser, Mergus serrator. Buckshutem, N.
J., April 6 (Prince).

Black Duck, Anas rubripes. Swarthmore, April 17, three
(Harrower); Buckshutem, N. J., July 25, 1912, flock of 7
(Prince).

Redhead, Marila americana. Fish House, N. J., March 30,
four (Potter).

Scaup, Marila marila. Delaware River at Camden, N. J.,
March 16—May 4 (Potter); a pair seen in a little cove of Maurice
River, N. J., May 30, 31, and June 5, nesting? (Prince).

Goldeneye, Clangula americana. Fish House, N. J., April
18, two seen (Potter).

Bufflehead, Charitonetta albeola. Buckshutem, N. J., pair
shot, Nov. 28, 1912 (Prince).

Old Squaw, Harelda hyemalis. Tinicum, one shot April 5
(Pearson).

Ruddy Duck, Erismatura jamaicensis. Maurice River, N. J...
Oct. 15, 1912; Delaware Bay, May 22 (Prince).

Canada Goose, Branta c. canadensis. Six over river at Ches-
ter, May 6 (Carter); Buckshutem Pond, N. J., over 30 left each
day, flying down Maurice River and returning at night for two

-42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

weeks in November (Prince); Richmond, two on river May 4
(Miller).

Brant, Branta bernicla glaucoguster. Several at Buckshutem,
N. J., for two weeks in November (Prince).

Bittern, Botaurus lentiginosus. Trenton, N. J., April 12
(Abbott); last seen at Buckshutem, N. J., Nov. 2, 1912, were
present all summer (Prince); Bridesburg, May 22, and Pen-
sauken, N. J., July 7 (Miller).

Least Bittern, Ixobrychus exilis. Bridesburg, May 19, three
nests with eggs (Miller).

Great Blue Heron, Ardea h. herodias. Moorestown, N. J.,
March 9 (Mickle); Yardville, N. J., May 26 (Allinson); Atlantic
City, N. J., Nov. 28, 1912, and Jan. 19. Counted over 400 on
Grassy Bay, Aug. 31, 1912 (Cromie); Tinicum, Jan. 29, two
(Pearson) ; first seen at Maurice River, N. J., June 10-July 16;
last, October 4 (Prince); Wayne, Oct. 4-6, 1912, May 10
(Baker); Lester, January 29 (Pearson); Riverside, N. J., Feb-
ruary 17-18 (Street).

Green Heron, Butorides v. virescens. Last seen 1912, Nov.
30, Camden, N. J. (Potter).

Clapper Ruil, Rallus c. crepitans. Many at mouth of Maurice
River, N. J., May 21 (Prince).

Florida Gallinule, Gallinula galeata. Richmond, Feb. 12
caught alive; also nest and 12 eggs at Bridesburg May 29 (Mil-
ler).

Coot, Fulica americana. Fish House, N. J., April 9-11 (Pot-
ter).

Woodcock, Philohela minor. Yardville, N. J., Jan. 18 (Al-
linson); Trenton, N. J., March 29 (Abbott); Buckshutem, N. J.,
Nov. 2 (Prince); Haverford, May 4 (Servill).

Wilson’s Snipe, Gallinago delicata. Addingham, April 19
(Culver); Tinicum, April 5, Ocean City, N. J., April 11 and
Wayne, May 18 (Pearson); Buckshutem, March 9-11 (Prince);
Aramingo, March 29 (Miller).

Least Sandpiper, Pisobia minutilla. Camden, N. J., May 15
and 380 (Potter); Atlantic City, N. J., May 30 (Cromie).

Yellow-legs, Totanus melanoleucus. Camden, N. J., April 6-
May 25; Bernardsville, N. J.,. May 6 (Kuser); Atlantic City,

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 43

N. J., April 23 (Cromie); Pensauken, N. J., April 26; Tinicum,
April 28, and Bridesburg, May 19 (Miller).

Upland Plover, Bartramia longicauda. Swarthmore, April 26
(Palmer); Doylestown, May 11, one (Mason).

Semipalmated Plover, Aegialitis semipalmatus. Camden, N.
J., May 20-June 1 (Potter); Atlantic City, May 14 (Cromie).

Bobwhite, Colinus v. virginianus. Covey of 15 wintered at
Yardville, N. J. (Allinson).

Mourning Dove, Zenaidura macroura carclinensis. Nest and
eggs, Swarthmore, April 12 (Harrower); Buckshutem, N. J.,
all winter, a roost at Buckshutem Pond contained over 60 doves
Sept. 8, 1912 (Prince); Haverford, Jan. 26 (Serrill).

Osprey, Pandion haliaétus carolinensis. Arrived Maurice
River, N. J., March 18, and began repairing old nest. Young
leaving nest July 17 (Prince).

Barn Owl, Aluco pratincola. Gloucester, N. J., March 21
(Potter); Timber Creek, N. J., August 24, 1912 (Potter); Vine-
land, N. J., Sept. 20 (Prince); Lansdowne, Feb. 4 (Carter);
Tinicum, nest and six eggs, Feb. 22 (Pearson).

Long-eared Owl, Asio wilsonianus. Camden, N. J., Feb. 9
( Potter).

Great-horned Owl, Bubo v. virginianus. Fish House, N. J.,
April 24 (Potter); nest and eggs, Tuckahoe, N. J., April 10-20,
1906 (R. T. Moore).

Saw-whet Owl, Nyctala acadica. Frankford, Jan. 22 and
Feb. 22 (Miller),

Kingfisher, Ceryle a. aleyon. Haverford, Feb. 9 (Serrill).
Melrose, Jan. 7 (Barker).

Flicker, Colaptes a. luteus. Holmesburg, Jan. 24 and Feb.
28 (Miller).

Red-headed Woodpecker, Melanerpes erythrocephalus. Swarth-
more, May 20 and 23 (Palmer); Norwood, March 15 (Packer).

Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, Empidonax flaviventris. Trenton,
N. J., May 6 (Abbott).

Olive-sided Flycatcher, Nuttallornis borealis. Marple, one
shot August 29 (Culver).

Horned Lark, Otocoris a. alpestris. Rosemont, February 16,
six (Scoville); Easton, Oct. 26, 1912, March 17 (Marz).

44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Blue Jay, Cyanocitta c. cristata. Several wintered at Wayne
(Pearson); and in New Jersey, but at most localities they were-
not recorded till spring; Walnut Hill, April 29 (Miller); West
Chester, April 17 (Roberts); Easton, April 27 (Marx) ; Camden,
N. J., April 22 (Potter).

Starling, Sturnus vulgaris. Abundant breeder all over north--
east Philadelphia. Nest with young at Sandiford April 21,
young on wing May 8 at Frankford (Miller); Wayne, scattered.
flocks of 5-20 also at Tinicum (Pearson); Doylestown, several
pairs nested in 1912, and several wintered; common spring of
1913 with Grackles (Mason); Melrose, flock of 20-50 present for
over a year (Barker); Paoli, May 18 (Baily); Swarthmore, Feb-
ruary 8-15 and May 22 (Harrower); Yardville, N. J., flock
Jan. 21, but not seen after spring opened (Allinson); more-
abundant every year at Atlantic City, N. J. (Cromie).

Bobolink, Dolichonyx oryzivorus. Arrived Moorestown, N. J.,.
Aug. 28, 1912 (Mickle); two at Pensauken Creek, July 8 (4Ml--
ler).

Purple Grackle, Quiscalus q. quiscula. Doylestown, Nov. 15,.
21; Dec. 25, 29, 1912, and Jan. 12, 16 (Mason); Rosemont,.
Jan. 27 (Scoville); Downstown, N. J., January 2 (Fair); Easton,
Jan. 1 (Marz).

Pine Siskin, Spinus pinus. Swarthmore, May 4, three (Har--
rower); Westtown, May 2 ( Webster).

Purple Finch, Carpodacus p. purpureus. Swarthmore, April
17, 22 and 24 (Harrower); Easton, April 20 (Marz); Ardmore,
April 18 (Baily); West Chester, April 25-May 3 (Roberts);-
Vineland, N. J., Oct. 16-May 1 (Prince); Norwood, March 21
(Packer); Easton, April 20 (Marx); Addingham, one in Jan-
uary (Culver), Wayne, one January 18 (Pearson).

Tree Sparrow, Spizella m. monticola. West Chester, March 9°
( Roberts); Doylestown, Nov. 29-April 1 (Mason).

Junco, Junco h. hyemalis. Last seen, Swarthmore, April 25:
(Harrower); Easton, April 27 (Marx); Rosemont, May 18 (Sco-.
ville); West Chester, Oct. 16, 1912-May 38 (Roberts); Doyles-
town, Oct. 5, 1912-May 2 (Mason).

White-throated Sparrow, Zonotrichia a. albicollis. Last seen,
Swarthmore, May 15 (Harrower); West Chester, March 22-May-~

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 45

‘14, few if any during winter (Roberts), to May 18 (Sharples),
Doylestown, Oct. 5, 1912—-May 17 (Mason); Rosemont, May 18
Scoville).

White-crowned Sparrow, Zonotrichia |. leucophrys. Concord-
ville, May 18 (Styer).

Swamp Sparrow, Melospika georgiana. ‘Tinicum, Jan. 29
( Pearson).

Fox Sparrow, VPasserella i. iliaca. Wayne, Jan. 18, two
{ Pearson).

Towhee, /ipilo e. erythrophthalmus. Melrose, Jan. 1, 3 and
March 28 one individual, (Barker).

Cardinal, Cardinalis c. cardinalis. Nest and eggs, Swarthmore
April 15 (Harrower).

Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Zamelodia ludoviciana. Rancocas,
N. J., June 19, 1912 two in song. (Haines). Nest, Pensauken
“Creek, N. J., July 7 (Miler).

Bank Swallow, Riparia riparia. A large colony nesting at
Manantico, N. J. on Maurice River. (Prince).

Migrant Shrike, Lanius ludovicianus migrans. Frankford, Sept.
-4 (Miller).

Warbling Vireo, Vireosylva g. gilva. Paoli, May 18, with
‘newly made nest. (Baily).

Nashville Warbler, Vermivora r. rubricapilla. Atlantic City,
N. J., May 18 (Crome); Lansdowne, May 4 (Carter).

Goldexi-winged Warbler, Vermivora chrysoptera. Norwood,
May 4 (Packer); Doylestown, May 6 (Mason).

Myrtle Warbler, Dendroica coronata. Lansdowne, noted fre-
-quently during February, probably one individual (Carter);
Wayne, Jan. 12-19, several (Pearson).

Bay-breasted Warbler, Dendroica castanea. Moorestown, N.
J., May 19, several (Mickle); Fish House, N. J., May 18 ( Fot-
ter); Bernardsville, N. J., May 8-24 (Kuser); Lansdowne, May
17-24, numerous (Carter); Addingham, May 18 (Culver);
Haverford, May 18 (Serrill); Swarthmore, May 18 and 20
(Palmer); Paoli, May 18 (Baily); Bryn Mawr, May 17, abund-
sant (Thomas); Concordville, May 18 (Styer); Doylestown, May
18 (Mason).

Cape May Warbler, Dendroica tigrina. Trenton, N. J., May

46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

3 (Abbott); Bernardsville, N. J., May 8 and 12 (Kuser); Swarth--
more, May 12-15 and 20, a number (Palmer); Haverford, May
10 and 15 (Serrill); Paoli, May 18 (Baily); Concordville, May
5-18 (Styer); Doylestown, May 18 (Mason).

Louisiana Water Thrush, Seurus motacilla. Swarthmore,
April 17, May 14-19 (Harrower); Wissahickon Creek, pair at.
Valley Green, June 6 (Miller).

Mourning Warbler, Oporornis philadelphia. Addingham,
one shot, May 25 (Culver); Paoli, May 18 (Baily).

Kentucky Warbler, Oporornis formosa. Fox Chase, nest and
four eggs, May 27 (Miller).

Hooded Warbler, Wilsonia citrina. Swarthmore, May 5.
(Harrower); Bustleton, May 8 (Miller).

Wilson’s Warbler, Wilsonia pusilla. Swarthmore, May 15
(Palmer); Fish House, N. J., May 18 (Potter); Wayne, May 18.
(Pearson); Doylestown, May 18 (Mason); Haverford, May 11
(Serrill); Paoli, May 18 (Baily).

Pipit, Anthus rubescens. Doylestown, November 25, 1912—
April 20 and 28 (Mason).

Catbird, Dumetella carolinensis, Haverford, March 380 (Emlen).

Winter Wren, Nannus h. hiemalis. Swarthmore, April 30
( Harrower); Doylestown, Oct. 5, 1912 (Mason); Westtown, Jan.
5; West Chester, Dec. 11, 1912 (Roberts); Ardmore, May 4 in
song (Baily).

Short-billed Marsh Wren, Cistothorus stellaris. Pair breeding
near Haddonfield, N. J. Male singing and scolding about July
1, and fledgeling found in same place two weeks later. Nest
not found (S. N. Rhoads).

Brown Creeper, Certhia fam. americana. Last seen, Swarth-
more, April 22 (Harrower); Wayne, April 19 (Baker); West
Chester, April 22 (Roberts); Doylestown, Nov. 21, 1912-April
20 (Mason); Haston, April 20 (Marz).

Red-breasted Nuthatch, Sitta canadensis. Rancocas, N. J.,
Oct. 13, 1912, and quite often during the winter (Haines);
Moorestown, N. J., Aug. 28, 1912, and common all the early
part of the winter (Mickle); Atlantic City, N. J., seen all winter
and as late as May 31 (Cromie); at Vineland, N. J., April 30;
Frankford, arrived Sept. 3, 1912, in abundance during Sept...

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 47

disappeared in October, one on April 21 and May 3 (duller);
Swarthmore, April 15, 17, 21, 22, 24, May 5 (Harrower); Ad-
dingham, Dec. 24, 1912, to March 20 (Culver); Haverford,
April 12 (Serrill); Wayne, March 21 (Pearson); Doylestown,
Sept. 9, 1912-April 20 (Mason); Easton, Oct. 17 (Marz).

Black-capped Chickadee, Penthestes a. atricapillus. Last seen,
Swarthmore, March 24 (Harrower); West Chester, December
11, 1912—March 3 (Roberts); Doylestown, Nov. 10, 1912—April
13 (Mason).

Golden-crowned Kinglet, Regulus s. satrapa. Last seen
Swarthmore, April 10 (Harrower); West Chester, Oct. 16, 1912,
to April 9 (Roberts); Doylestown, Nov. 21, 1912-April 20
(Mason); Ardmore, April 18 (Baily); Wayne, April 19 ( Baker);
Easton, April 10 (Marz).

Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, Poloptila c. cxrulea. Fish House,
N. J., March 28 (Potter); Atlantic City, N. J., April 23
(Crome).

Hermit Thrush, Hylocichla guttata pallasi. Easton, Decem--
ber 25, 1912, one (Marx); Wayne, Jan. 18 (Pearson).

PROCEEDINGS OF THE

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51

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Abstract of the Proceedings of the Delaware Valley
Ornithological Club, 1913

January 2, 1918. Twenty-third Annual Meeting. Thirty-
five members and two visitors present. The following officers
were elected for the ensuing year:

President. Stewardson Brown.

Vice-President. Henry W. Fowler.

Secretary. J. Fletcher Street.

Treasurer. Samuel C. Palmer.

Dr. Stone made some remarks on various North-American
birds now nearly or quite extinct.

Dr. Spencer Trotter gave an account of a trip to Rehoboth,
Delaware, where three Arkansas Kingbirds were observed.
Mr. Pennock exhibited two specimens secured on this trip,
Dec. 31,1912. The meeting adjourned to the annual collation.

January 16, 1913. Highteen members present. Mr. Robert
Bradford was proposed for associate membership.

The following standing committees were appointed to serve
during 1913: ;

On Publication. Cope, Moore and Morris.

On Field Work. Baily, Rhoads and Street.

Dr. Spencer Trotter addressed the Club upon the “‘ Birds of
the Orkney Islands’’. The islands were described as practically
treeless and consisting of rolling moorlands with numerous lochs.
Characteristic birds were described.

February 6, 1918. Fifteen members present. Mr. Samuel C.
Palmer gave an interesting account of the ‘‘ Birds of Moose Pond,
Maine.’’ A detailed list of birds was given.

February 20, 1913. One visitor and sixteen members present.
Messrs. George B. Benners, Archibald Benners and Delos P.

(52)

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Crested Flycatcher... ......... Myc | tt oc ilcnae news May 3
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Scarlet: Tanager... ...5.......|sicesenes May 3|/May 1).2......1
Purple Martins. s<.ccsssc se Ata ees ee Apr. 3/Apr,14
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Maryland Yellow-throat |Apr.30|Apr.25|Apr.30}Apr.29
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WAL DING a. see eats essen oe eades Apr30| er 2k. ALPE. USleesa-tese 4
Brown Thrasher.........-.::.0 Apr.18]Apr.29|Apr. 20|Apr.19
"FIGUTE@y (WARS Te nee lear ea Niaiye tsi ete etc: Apr.30/Apr. 23
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Whip-poor-will................. es BEES eM Ihe ILIV PAB 4 cooaool|oocens200|Connoonccfooona5nse IV esy amet ¢Ainyo Tose | eee | een |
Nighthawk, .............1..-.0.. Ree | Meteceeisteretel eticie’s viet | te walemoes Mie WEEN? EWEN T UD oops cose. | oanonacoalloonanncce||aoncacoe0| lanomssenel cnsanccee
Chimney Swift................. Apr, 20/Apr.20/Apr, 24) Apr, 27|Apr. 18]Apr. 12} A pr. 23) Apr.22| Apr, 27 Apr.22
Vahrpaebenv days HIE 565 congener anon 6 6cb0c00!| Aegedpeoe Plt 22 4 arsenal leeaneRne May 5|May 25|May 18|/May 2).........|......... May 4/May 18].........|........-
KGbAYEUTDIEL, aoonoqesonononeeon eBSe 5|Apr.29]/Apr.26|Apr.28|May 11|May 1)......... May 4|May10|/May 2|May 2).........
Crested Flycatcher... ......... May 4/May 6)Apr.28/Apr.27/Apr.25/Apr,25|May 2/Apr.24/May 5|May 4
OGD Cass sinessenvace so sAnce ss Mar. 18/Mar, 16|/Mar.15|Mar,23}Mar.20)......... Mar, 3/Mar.18)Apr.23/Mar.21
Bobolink... a0 ..|May 3|May 9)May 11).........|...---++| May V4)... ..cleceecceee May 18|May 10
(Wow bindicensectes causes stars Mar.29|Mar,21|Mar, 9 Mar, 22)Apr.23|Mar, 7
Red-winged Blackbird.. ..... n ; . 2\Feb.28)Mar. 1/Mar. 1 b 6 Feb.28)Apr. 8/Mar. 4]......... Mar, 12
Baltimore Oriole............... Apr.30|May 14)/May 4\May 6)......... jApr.30/Apr.28)/May 4/Apr.30/May 9/May15|May 4/May 4|May 4|May 6 May 3
Purple Grackle................. Ble Ds 2G | Wereevess Res. |Jan. %|Feb.21/Feb.20|Feb.27|......... Feb. 26|Feb.21/Peb 21|Feb. 22 feb. 22)Feb.28).........
Chipping Sparrow ............. Ape, Ae seek Mar. 11)Mar,29/Mar,30)/Apr, 4/Mar,28|Mar, 27|Mar,28)Mar,24|Apr. 3)Mar.25 Apr. 7|Mar,30|Apr, 23
(hewn Greeseeemeens na ey a ae TES e || cence Apr,17/Apr.23]........-, Apr. 19/Apr.11/Apr.26/Apr.10/Apr, 9|/Apr.25|Mar,26)A pr, 24| Apr. 20) Apr.27|Apr, 25
Indigobird ....... eae Pees ral eens Sacanees N) Eh aa: eee May 5|May 12\/May 4/May 5)May 3/Apr.26)May 20|May 11|May 4/May 6)/May 16
CATS HM AIMED letersi sereeen| testes con Nilay Sleny Illoosceoon May 5|/Apr.29)/May 6|May 6|May 7|May 15|May 4|May17|\May 4I......... May 7
Purple) Martin’ ..7-...---.. ----- NEE AON cone: colfanno.a090 APL O|\ ccc sssculkcasscemalbecesecea teccssece Apr 5/May 10).........
Barn Swallow .. Apr.29)Apr.20/Apr. 4/Apr.29|Apr.10/Apr, 4/Apr.27|Apr.19]Apr.27| Apr.20
Red-eyed Vireo May 2/May 4|May 1)/May 6|/May 1|May 2|May 8)......... May 3|May 6
Black and White Warbler...|..... ... Apr.19/Apr.17|/May 4/Apr.26/May 3]Apr.24|May 2)Apr 20/Apr,26/Apr.25|Apr.23]Apr.25|May 41...
Chestnut-sided Warbler......]......... WER? Bilaab6qonc9|eosocnpedtacondaden Ming WauMasy GIINIES? G)locrocoadol} snonnoa0|)oscc0abcellacocoso00 May 4/May 4)........
Apr.26|/Apr.29|May 1}Apr.25|May 3)May 3/May 4/May 3\May 4j.........
: Apr.25|Apr.29/Apr.27/Apr. 20]......... Apr.25/Apr.23|/May 4/May 4)...
Chai ie cer vcce ne vnngexcer juaae veal eemesees lscecieecs Matyi ltl Seettaces| Sete: May 15|May 17/May 18)......... May 10)......... May “6|i5..csns<e May 4 ‘
Apr.26|Apr.29/Mar,27/Apr.15)Apr.23|May 4/May 3)/Apr.30/May 4|/May 6|May 4
2\Apr 17|Apr.24|Apr.19] Apr. 16]Apr,22/Apr.22|Apr,18}Apr,24|Apr.24|May 5|Apr.27
2|Apr.19}Apr.20|Apr.17/Apr.15)/Apr.24|May 3)Apr.25/A pr.23|Apr.24|A pr.27|A pr, 25
May 2)Apr.27|May 2)/Apr.28/Apr.28|May 1|May 3|/May 4|Apr.25|Msy 7]|.........
Apr. 4|Apr. 8|Mar.16}......... JX DPA OPE) | soe.605000 ||ooaa>0000 Apr.20|Apr. 5)Apr. 5
Feb. 22|/Feb.16| Res. Ress, |Heby 22) Mans blle.csene Res. |Mar. 7)Mar.10|Mar,12
Feb. 16|/Feb. 23} Res. | Res. |Feb,10}Feb.11)Jan.15) Res. | Res. |......... Mar, 1

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TABLE II.

SPRING MIGRATION, 1913.

HARLINST DATES OF ARRIVAL OF
THIRTY-TWO SPECINS AT SIXTEEN
STATIONS OUTSIDN THER PHILADBL-
PHIA CIRCLE,

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GS, GLOOGESTER CQUNTY wine OF
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DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 53

Culver were proposed for associate membership. Mr. B. S.
Bowdish was proposed for corresponding membership. A reso-
lution in the interest of bird protection was passed by the Club,
that it might be presented to the Pennsylvania state legislature.

Mr. William E. Roberts discoursed upon the ‘‘ New Britain
Crow Roost’’. Mention was made of the change in locality of
the roost.

March 6, 1918. Eighteen members present. Messrs. Robert
Bradford, Delos E. Culver, George B. Benners and Archibald
Benners were elected to associate membership. Mr. B.S. Bow-
dish was elected a corresponding member. An amendment to
Article 1, Section 1 of the By-Laws was offered.

Mr. Arthur C. Emler made a communication entitled ‘‘ More
about the Breeding Distribution Maps’’. The results presented
constitute an important contribution to the knowledge of the
geographical distribution of our local species.

March 20, 1913. Five visitors and twenty-five members
present. An amendment to Article 1, Section 1 of the By-laws
was adopted. This section as amended now reads: Active
members shall be limited to twenty in number in addition to
the ex-presidents.

Mr. William L. Baily spoke upon the subject ‘‘Some Birds
of Pelican Island, Florida’’. The talk was beautifully illus-
trated with lantern slides. One of these showed a fine speci-
men of the White Pelican. Frigate Birds, Sanderlings, Skimmers
and Least Sandpipers were mentioned as being common to the
locality.

_ April 8, 1918. Twenty-one members present. Mr. John D.
Carter gave an interesting talk upon ‘‘ Difficulties with the
Beach Birds’’. The speaker’s description of the voice, color
and actions of the several common species were much appreci-
ated. Observations were made principally in the vicinity of
Atlantic City, N. J., and such species as the Pectoral Sand-
piper, Dowitcher and Great White Egret were observed.

54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

April 17, 1913. Two visitors and twenty-one members pres-
ent. Mr. Henry S. Borneman was proposed for associate
membership.

Mr. Robert T. Moore addressed the Club upon the subject
‘Notes on Bird Songs’’. This paper constituted the most
valuable contribution ever presented before the Club upon this
subject. The speaker explained how the pitch and value of
bird tones could be accurately obtained through the use of
several musical instruments. The song birds were classified as
singers of several song phases. Hach group was described in
detail.

May 1, 1918. Twenty-five members present. Mr. Joseph S.
Evans was proposed for associate membership.

Mr. Samuel N. Rhoads addressed the Club upon the subject
‘* Bird Song versus Bird Music’’. The speaker quoted several
books upon bird song and suggested that Thomas Nuttall was
the first to study seriously the songs of American birds.

May 15, 1913. One visitor and twenty-one members pres-
ent. The untimely death of William B. Crispin was reported.
Mr. James A. G. Rehn gave an interesting account of ‘‘Some
Birds of Texas and the Florida Keys’’. The speaker mentioned
among the species observed among the Florida Keys such birds
as White Heron, Gray Kingbird and Black-necked Stilt.

October 3, 1918. Two visitors and twenty-one members pres-
ent. The death of Elmer Onderdonk was announced. Mr.
W. H. Liebelsperger was proposed for associate membership.

Under the subject, ‘‘ The Snow Hill Bird Roost’’, Mr. Samuel
N. Rhoads described a very interesting general bird roost, situ-
ated in a growth of oak, maple and scrub pine. The roost was
said to have been occupied for sixteen years. Grackles, Red-
wings, Cowbirds, Nighthawks, Starlings, Flickers, Robins,
Thrushes and Doves were noted and described.

October 16, 1918. One visitor and nineteen members present.
Messrs. David G. Baird, Samuel Mason, Jr., William Henry

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. a}

Newbold and Dr. Max M. Peet were proposed for associate mem-
bership. Messers. George W. Stuart and Julian K. Potter were
proposed for active membership.

Under the subject, ‘‘ Wilson’s Phalarope at Pocono Lake’’,
Mr. John D. Carter described the finding of this exceedingly un-
common species upon the waters of Pocono Lake. This obser-
vation is noteworthy in being the first of the species recorded
from Pennsylvania. Mr. Stone outlined some ‘‘ Valuable
Recent Additions to the Academy’s Collection ’’.

November 6, 1918. One visitor and eighteen members present.
Messers. Arthur C. Emlen, George W. Stuart and Julian K.
Potter were elected to active membership. David G. Baird,
Samuel Mason, Jr., Joseph 8. Evans, William Henry Newbold,
Dr. Max M. Peet, Henry S. Borneman and Donald S. Sherrerd
were elected to associate membership. Mr. W. H. Liebelsper-
ger was elected a corresponding member.:

Mr. Julian K. Potter presented a communication entitled ‘‘ A
Week with the Birds at Lord’s Valley, Pa’’. A detailed account
of the species observed there was given.

November 20, 1913. Two visitors and twenty members were
present. An interesting paper was read by Dr. Spencer Trotter
upon the ‘‘Relation of Birds to Seasonal Conditions’’. The
whole subject of migration and its contributory causes was
freely discussed. Dr. Stone followed with a verbal report upon
the proceedings of the recent Convention of the American Orni-
thologists Union held in New York City.

December 4, 1913. One visitor and nineteen members present.
Mr. Harold M. Harrower was proposed for associate member-
ship. The first. portion of the meeting was held in conjunction
with the Ornithological Section of the Academy, the report of
Dr. Stone as conservator being read.

Before the Club’s scientific session Dr. Stone read a paper on
Alexander Wilson, the present year being the one-hundredth
anniversary of Wilson’s death.

56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

December 18, 1918. One visitor and twenty-two members
present. Mr. L. Carum was proposed for associate membership.

Mr. Henry W. Fowler addressed the Club upon the subject,
‘“Some Local Fish-Eating Birds’’. The subject was treated
from an ichthyological point of view from data prepared through
the examination of the stomachs of birds. Mr. J. Fletcher
Street followed with a paper entitled ‘‘ Random Notes on the
Food of Birds’’, reading from extracts, which described the
feeding of several species under various conditions.

Club Notes

Fifteen meetings were held by the Club during the year, the
average attendance being twenty-two, the same as last year.
x
The D. V. O. C. was represented at the A. O. U. meeting in
New York City by Messrs. Baily, Fowler, Moore, Morris,
Rhoads and Stone, active members; by Messrs. Bartram and
Kuser, associate members, and by Messrs. Keim, W. De W.

Miller, Rogers and Todd, corresponding members.
x ®
The Club outings this year were held in Beverly on Washing-:
ton’s Birthday, and in Haddonfield on Decoration Day.
Twenty-two members participated in the first and eighteen in

the second.

Fx

The following species are still unrepresented in the Club col--
lection of nests and eggs of Pennsylvania and New Jersey birds.
Members should keep these desiderata in mind on their outings-
this spring.

Pied-billed Grebe. Black-billed Cuckoo.

Loon. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker.

American Bittern. Pileated Woodpecker.’

Sora Rail. Red-bellied Woodpecker.

Little Black Rail. Traill’s Flycatcher.

Coot. Prairie Horned Lark.

Solitary Sandpiper. Bobolink.

Bartramian Sandpiper (Field Bronzed Grackle.
Plover). Pine Finch.

Ruffled Grouse. Cliff Swallow.’

Wild Turkey. Warbling Vireo.

Red-tailed Hawk. Black and White Warbler.”

Broad-winged Hawk. Golden-winged Warbler.

Bald Hagle. Nashville Warbler.

1Only eggs desired.
(57 )

58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Duck Hawk. Mourning Warbler.
Long-eared Owl." Mocking-bird.
Short-eared Owl. Bewick’s Wren.
Great-Horned Owl.’ Red-bellied Nuthatch."
Barred Owl. Golden-crowned Kinglet.
Saw-whet Owl. Gnatcatcher.*

*

The thanks of the Club are due to Dr. Henry Skinner for an
admirable photograph of the statuette of Alexander Wilson in
the Academy of Natural Sciences, and to the librarian of the
Academy, Dr. Edward J. Nolan, for permission to publish it in
‘CASSINIA.

x 7 x

The Club lost three members by death during the past year.

Elmer Onderdonk, elected an Associate Member in 1903, died
on September 4, 1918. He was for a number of years a regular
attendant at the meetings, and a valuable contributor to our
migration records. For some time past, however, he has been
an invalid and confined to his room.

Henry Hales, one of our original correspondents, died on
November 6, 1913, at an advanced age. Mr. Hales had long
resided at Ridgewood, N. J., where he was a constant student of
the local bird life and a frequent contributor to numerous Jour-
nals dealing with nature study.

William B. Crispin, recently elected a correspondent, was
well known as a collector of birds’ eggs. He resided at Salem,
N. J., and was thoroughly familiar with the breeding habits of
the birds of that neighborhood. His death, which occurred on
May 9, 1918, was tragic. He had visited the Nocka Mixon
Cliffs on the Delaware River below Easton, in search of the nest
of the Duck Hawk, which annually breeds there. Insome way
he fell from the top of the cliff, and his body was later discoy-
ered on the ground below. Mr. Crispin was a frequent con-
tributor to The Odlogist, and furnished much valuable data to
Stone’s ‘‘ Birds of New Jersey’’, published by the New Jersey
State Museum. He was thirty-two years of age.

Bibliography 1913

Papers relating to the birds of Pennsylvania, New Jersey
-and Delaware :

Benners, ArcHIE. Breeding Warblers of Harvey’s Lake, Pa.
Oblogisi, 1913, p. 135.

_ Bewick’s Wren is mentioned, but as this locality is far beyond its normal

range, and no specimen was apparently secured, it would seem that there was

possibility of an error.

BurweieH, THos. D. Unusual Nesting Sites. Odlogist, 1913,
p. 59.

Grackle in hole in tree, etc., near Pittsburgh, Pa.

Bird Life on the National Pike [in western Pa.]| Odlogist,
19138, p. 258.
A July Tramp in Allegheny Co., Pa. Odélogist, 1913,
p. 258.
Unusual Winter Birds [at Pittsburgh, Pa.] Odlogist,
pp. 279 and 281.

‘CuristMas Lists. By numerous observers. Bird-Lore, 1913,
pp. 27-30.

Crispin, W. B. Bald Hagle. Odlogist, 1913, p. 68.

Nests apparently in southern N. J.

Cutver, D. E. Two Days with the Boys of Camp Delmont.
Boy Scouts’ Bulletin, Sept. 19138, p. 9.

List of birds seen on White’s Island above Trenton.

A Late Goldfinch. Bird Lore, 1913, p. 371.
DicxEy, S. 8. The Red-shouldered Hawk a Summer Resident
of Greene County, Pa. Odlogist, 1913, p. 28.
Nesting of the Prairie Horned Lark in Southern Penn-
sylvania. Odlogist, 1913, p. 48.
Near Waynesburg, Pa.
(59 )

60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Nesting of the Whip-poor-will [at Waynesburg, Pa.]
Odlogist, 1913, p. 74.
Nesting of the American Sparrow Hawk [in Greene Co.
Pa.| Oélogist, 1913, p. 75.
Nesting of Bewick’s Wren [at Waynesburg, Pa.] Odlogist,.
1913, p. 119.
The Louisiana Water Thrush [at Waynesburg, Pa. ]
Oologist, 1913, p. 185.
The Northern- Hairy Woodpecker [in Huntingdon Co.,.
Pa.|] Oédlogist, 1913, p. 280.
The Henslow’s Sparrow a Summer Resident in Central.
Pennsylvania. Odlogist, 1913, p. 299.

FosHay, P. M. Notes on the Robin. Bird Lore, 1918, p. 378

At Montclair, N. J., nest on window-sill.

GRINNELL, GEO. Birp. Brazilian Tree-duck (Dendrocygna:
viduata) in New Jersey. Auk, 1918, p. 110.

Hackensack Meadows, early October, 1912.

Griscom, LupLow. The Orange-crowned Warbler at Engle--
wood, N. J. Auk, 1913, P. 585.

Hariow, Richarp C. Bittern Breeding in New Jersey. Auk,
1918, p. 268.
Nesting of the Black Rail (Creciscus jamaicensis) in New
Jersey. Auk, 1918, p. 269.
The Marsh Hawk Nesting in New Jersey. Auk, 1913,,.
p. 272.

HEGEMAN, KaTHARINE R. An Albino Pewee at Montclair,
N. J. Bird Lore, 1913, p. 373.

Jackson, THos. H. The Barn Owl’s Scrap-pile. Bird Lore,.
19138, p. 245.

Kouter, L. S. Preliminary List of the Birds of Northern
Passaic County, New Jersey. Wilson Bull, June, 1913,,
pp. 71-85.
The Oven-bird [in Essex Co., N. J.] OdGlogist, 1918, p. 80..

Includes notes on bird banding.

The Hooded Warbler [in northern N. J.] OdGlogist,.
1918, p. 81.

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 61

An Albino Starling [at Bloomfield, N. J.] Odlogist,
1918, p. 96.
Karly Roosting Flights of the Tree Swallow at Bloom-
fleld, N. J. Wilson Bull, June, 1913, p. 97.
May 25 to June 10.
A Runt Crow at Pompton Lake, N. J. Wilson Bull,
June, 1913, p. 97.
Two Brewster’s Warblers at Leonards, N. J. Wilson
Bull, June, 1913, p. 98.
Two Unusual Sets [at Bloomfield, N. J.] Odlogist,
1913p. 120.
Abnormal Song Sparrow and Crow.
Migration Notes [in northern N. J.] Odlogist, 1913,
p. 274.
Kusrer, Joun Drypen. Nocturnal Songsters. Bird Lore, 1913,
poll
Editor of ‘‘ The Oriole,’’ Vol. I., No. 1. Official Organ
of the Somerset Hills Bird Club. Bernardsville, N. J.
‘Martin, IsapeL D. The Evening Grosbeak in New Jersey.
Bird Lore, 1918, p. 174.
. Princeton, N. J., January 2, 1912.
“Marx, E. J. F. Moving a Robin’s Nest. Bird Lore, 19138,
p. 245.
Random Notes from Easton, Pa. Auk, 1913, p. 279.
Notes on 11 species.
Mitier, AnseL B. The Song Period of the Brown Thrasher.
Bird Lore, 1918, p. 311.
MILLER, RicHarp F. Harly Solitary Sandpipers. Odlogist,
1918, p. 52.
Vicinity of Philadelphia.
Late Nesting of the Common Crow. Odlogist, 19138, p. 55.
At Avalon, N. J.
Miscellaneous Bird Notes from Philadelphia and Vicinity.
Oblogist, 1918, p. 84.
Preliminary List of Water Birds of the Middle Delaware
Valley—A Correction. Odlogist, 1913, p. 298.

-Most of the misleading statements referred to in Cassinia, 1912, are admitted

62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

to be without substantiating records, and the whole list stated to be ‘‘ purposely~
written to excite the professional ornithologists to adverse criticism.’? Why
a magazine, supposedly devoted to advancing ornithology, published articles.
with such purpose, is difficult to understand.
MitutER, W. D. W. Problems in the Local Distribution of
Birds. Burd Lore, 19138, p. 876.
Gnatcatcher, Kentucky Warbler, etc., in N. J.
NicHo1s, Jonn T. The Worm-eating Warbler in April. Bird.
Lore, 19138, p. 175.
At Englewood, N. J., April 14, 1918.
PALMER, WiLLIAM M. Bluebird Notes from Trenton, N. J.
Oologist, 1918, p. 46.
Potter, JuLIAN K. Long-eared Owl. Illustration. Bird Lore,
1913, p. 285.
Simpson, R. B. Some Raptore Notes. Odélogist, 1918, p. 32.
At Warren, Pa.
Large Set of [Black-billed] Cuckoo. Odlogist, 1918, p. 53..
Seven eggs at Warren, Pa.
Bird Nesting Time. Odlogist, 1913, p. 16.
In Chester Co., Pa.
SHARPLES, Ropert P. Caspian Tern in Chester Co., Pennsyl-
vania. Auk, 1918, p. 105.
Stone, W. Bird Migration Records of William Bartram, 1802-
‘ 1822. Auk, 1913, pp. 325-358.
From original manuscript diary.
TROTTER, SPENCER. Arkansas Kingbird (Tyrannus verticalis) in
Delaware. Auk, 1913, p. 278.
Wiuxinson, G. Norman. Horned Owl Killing a Skunk. Bird’
Lore, 1913, p. 369.

OFFICERS AND MEMBERS

OF THE

Delaware Valley Ornithological Club.

1914.
STEWARDSON BROWN, President.
HENRY W. FOWLER, Vice-President.
J. FLETCHER STREET, Secretary, Beverly, N. J.
SAMUEL C. PALMER, Vreasurer, Swarthmore, Pa.

ACTIVE MEMBERS.

NV TANG SAUL Ye Ardmore. sia id pnp h iii sel lalteie ee Founder..
STEWARDSON Brown, 20 H. Penn St., Germantown, Phila......... *1891
JoHN D. Carter, Lansdowne, Delaware Co., Pa................. 1900
IOeNORRIS DEV ELAVEN, cArdmores Pani sei (ios. ks ils isles sisi) erelsters 1891
ARTHUR C. EMLEN, Awbury, Germantown, Phila................ 1897
Henry W. Fowuer, Holmesburg, Phila........................ 1894
WILLIAM EH. Hucues, M. D., 3945 Chestnut St., W. Phila......... 1891
ROBERT MOORE pivad domtiel dss INe fdiseys tr erale) <1 51) 1 ievotedes/ciste isles 1897
GEORGE SPENCER Morris, Olmey, Phila..................... Founder.
SAMUEL C. PALMER, PH. D., Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pa.. 1899
LEONARD S. PEARSON, 4642 Penn St., Frankford, Pa............. 1908
CHARLES J. PENNOCK, Kennett Square, Pa...............-..00: 1895
JULIAN K. Porter, 6th and Baily Sts., Camden, N. J............. 1911
JAMES A. G. REHN, 6033 Catherine St., Phila................... 1899
SamueL N. Ruwoaps, Haddonfield, N. J. ................... Founder.
Wittiam E. Roperts, 5501 Spruce St., Phila................... 1901
Wittiam A. SHRyock, 210 S. Seventh St., Phila................. 1891
WITMER Stone, Sc. D., Academy Nat. Sciences, Phila......... Founder.
JEM EMUCHER SURED isOverlyay) Nisa) sa\sit cyclone) sssjeyeite/s /slasalavclsielelala\lcll« 1903
Grorce H. Stuart, 3rd, Girard Trust Co., Phila........... sacavedtevalle 1910:

SPENCER TrorTer, M. D., Swarthmore College, Delaware Co., Pa. Founder.

CoRNELIUS WEYGANDT, PH. D., Wissahickon Ave. below Frank St.,
Germancoway ye il aye eyes ia ioe sl eladatsies siete palepul ayers ails ala lalalevehel el oe 1891

SAMUEL WRIGHT, Conshohocken, Pa. ...........202.2 ees ceeeees 1892

ASSOCIATE MEMBERS.

GeorcE ABBOTT, JR., Moorestown, N. J............0. ee se ece cena’ 1908
RoBERT ADAMS, JR., Oak Lane, Pa. ............ 22 ccc cnccrecnce 1910:
Appr? dy. BAILY, JR, Elavertord, Bai oc steric. els secede cle 1911
DAVID Ga vBAIRD ) Beverly Ni Vebles) soo) scoleve sate Sickatiaeis eo a) «sic aiele a's ere 1913
SRE ATsS Me DB rATMCHOEC. Hest rare clare tety steyenslas level sisi» lols lin sire 1910
HDWIN Bo BARTRAM, Wayne, Pa... 3225. seen s once lo clen cece 1908.

* Date indicates year of election to Club.

( 63)

‘64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

(GEORGE) BEATING ce) Re MOVED yar heliaei ren ale iicstol toll iielevee eile elaine nati 1911
ARCHUBATD, UDENNEBS.) Am Dlen MDA iegsn tye ls (alae, (eob vali tatal Sete eate aes 1913
GEORGE (BU BENNERS.) Ambler iibay adnan 45 sisters sale ra ene a neiela 1913
Henry 8. BoRNEMAN, 801 Franklin Bank Bld., Phila............. 1913
R. R. Porter BRADFORD, 146 W. Lehigh Ave., Phila...... ALE 1913
Pau C. Brewer, 261 W. Rittenhouse St., Germantown ......... 1906
Lewis S. Byrom, 127 W. Susquehanna Ave., Phila............... 1909
Francis R. Cope, Jr., Awbury, Germantown, Phila. ............ 1895
DRO SVE OUR Vee Acc omic: beam iia eh ean ap.) 2) eee 1913
C.)E. HeINGER, Mi: 'D., (West Chester: (Pa...) ,-).\.,.02. <-laete acres 1909
Wo. 8S. Essicx, Union Trust Co. Bld., Harrisburg, Pa........... 1908
JOSEPHS: EVANS,” Mir] bom aviNnedesiisenaneielclels\elsiecieloeielels) ele lel seneenats 1913
WiIGTTAM Bo EVAINS,) Westtown, mea dei ics si lolesisieie soil terete neteleretene 1898
‘GEORGE ForsyTH, West Chester (Route 4), Chester Co., Pa....... 1891
RANK By Mo smik. cle verdon deme iey sow-t.. illic) iia he eee 1912
STEPHEN MO UGUED O27 Sip mice ison ee bile ee alleys evel ieee lel eieeete 1911
BaRTRAM W. GRIFFITHS, 536 S. 48th St., Phila.................. 1902
ARTHUR F. HaGar, 626 Westview Ave., Germantown, Phila....... 1906
SAMUEL S. Harnzs, M. D., 124 E. Main St., Moorestown, N. J..... 1901
GEORGE HALLETT, Haverford College, Haverford, Pa............. 1911
THos. R. Hin, 47th St. and Baltimore Ave., Phila..........2/.00 1908
Davin E. HARROWER, Swarthmore, Pa....-.......-.....222-2.0 1905
CHARLES) SACK UD D Su MMe dia iba nel iuicya sleveiis\cisiacs ine sleleletolealetaleteeniene 1906
Witiiam W. Justicr, Jr., 7803 St. Martins Lane, Chestnut Hill,
Rha eBay ee ete tara ia tatatslerd Metal ooh al elalies eget /o(6) aici satay shee isle tate ee 1893
NATHAN Kamm, Moylan, Delaware Co., Pa. ............----.-+-66 1898
JOHN DRYDEN Kuser, Bernardsville, N. J.............-..-----> TOTSE
fSremierstony Mponwadsp USPC ebay Ships MetIE AO OSA Aa Sk mlaw ead Aa Glo G4 « 1912
PauL L. LORILLIERE, 725 Bartram Ave., Collingsdale, Pa.......... 1904
M./Arprnr anon) 409) Chestnut! St.) (has. 32) elariienaaene 1905
JOSEPH B. Lopez, 3340 N. Sixteenth St., Phila. ................ 1900
PaRKE L. LONGNECKER, DDS., 2015 Chestnut St., Phila........... 1910
Davip N. McCappENn, 5039 Osage Ave., W. Phila................. 1892
RicuHarp C. McoMourrriz, Fort Washington, Pa. ................ 1904
"SAMUEL Mason, JR., 522 Locust Ave., Germantown, Pa........... 1913
F. Guy Meyers, 1010 8. Forty-seventh St., W. Phila. ........... 1897
TSAACHPS Miner. 409) (Chestnut) Ste elimlacy lve tecval aie eieliole sieyelelevaetele 1907
RICHARD (HA MIEEER 20 7a) hin Loma) iSite.) leben viele eyelelelorerale ites 1908
Wiuuiam O. Miuurr, 5002 Larchwood Ave., Phila............... 1910
WAYNE B. Moree, 5525 Jefferson St., Phila. ................. 1905
WituIAM Henry NEWBOLD, 511 Chestnut St., Phila............... 1913
FREDERICK OLpACK, 2008 N. Marvine St., Phila................. 1911
JESSE NAB. / PACKER MINOT WOO G5) Pac ialtiaie eedeletenile lelelelicueteeveleiateneiereueneitete 1911
CHARLES W. PALMER, Westtown Boarding School, Chester Ce., Pa. 1910
Max M. Pret, M. D., University of Pennsylvania, Phila........... 1913
WILLIAM PEPPER, M. D., 1811 Spruce St., Phila.................. 1912
‘CHARLES PLATT, 3rD, E. Graver’s Lane, Chestnut Hill, Phila..... 1912
By. ee POOmm 202/70 \IN.) 256) St.) aed 3) eerie cel areal ena c are ea ea 1910
JAMES F. PRENDERGAST, M. D., 4012 Chestnut St., W. Phila....... 1899

‘CHARLES Ji, REOADS, Girard Trust) Col) Piao.) 2.2m os leeielersinieneletal 1890

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 65

PeeOARR RIDDLE, Vie WE, (Ol An, \CheStery) Pale ste aise sc cisvele isle slaeec nies 1910
ANTHONY W. Rosinson, 409 Chestnut St., Phila. ............... 1898
WILLIAM B. ScHEUING, 317 N. 63d St., Phila. ................. 1893
SAMUEL C, ScovILLE, Penna, Bldg., 15th & Chestnut Sts., Phila..... 1907
C. Few Sess, 1338 Spring Garden St., Phila. .................. 1892
Epwarp A. SELLIEZ, 1317 N. Nineteenth St., Phila. ............. 1902
NV TERLAME SD, SRGRELI, ELAVORLOEGS | Ets a wstilara cin ols sic \ere\siaistaietw aie, aielai'e 1891
DONALD SHEBRERD, Haddonfield, N. Ji. ee cscs cece ncn tcae see 1913
WALTER G. SIBLEY, 6626 McCallum St., Germantown, Phila. ...... 1900
L. I. Smita, JR., 3908 Chestnut St., W. Phila. ................. 1901
WALTER GORDON SMITH, Eyebrow, Saskatchewan, Canada.......... 1898
WILLIAM H. StRane, 27714 Chestnut St., Camden, N. J. ........ 1907
ODDEN Olney Pa. 3 clle is estates wiassie laisse) o/shale abet lar tials 6/') hata 1910
SAMUEL A. TATNALL, 409 Chestnut St., Phila. ................... 1910
VOSHP HOV UAT UM. VANTCIUD ONL) Ney Vleis) <tsyavelaiersioie «i aielors ‘el cyatelaleyetoser als « 1892
Francis H. Tomiin, DDS., Haddonfield, N. J................... 1909
Wittiam H. Trorrer, Chestnut Hill, Phila. .................... 1899
HENRY) DOCKER. Mis D:) 2000\Pine St.) Phwlae se /cihe ce cinleveyer helene 1906
CHARLES A. VOELKER, Aldan, Delaware Co., Pa. ............ Founder.
PAnuMVOSBERC.cLolonArchy Ste. Phailacs ss cleats siecletars aie eyatels «asi ciate 1905
A. lL. WHEELER, PH. D., Bryn Mawr, Pa.................20. 0000. 1905
ALBERT L. WHITAKER, Cedar Grove, Frankford, Phila. .......... 1896
JAMES LL. WHITAKER, Cedar Grove, Frankford, Phila. ........... 1904
‘WaLTER R. WHITE, Lansdowne, Delaware Co., Pa. .............. 1903
ERANCIS WINDLE, West Chester, Pa. .......... ccc ccee cesses ees 1910
Epwarp W. WooutMaN, 44 N. Thirty-eighth St., W. Phila. ....... 1902
HONORARY MEMBER.
WILLIAM Louis AsBort, M. D., Berlin, Germany................ 1912
CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.
CHARLES H. Baxer, Verona, Alleghany Co., Pa. ............-.-- 1900
©. EH. BAyNARD, Clearwater, Wla......... 2.5 c cece eee e sect er eens 1911
THOMAS J. BEANS, Moorestown, N. J. .......eeseeececscerceers 1895
HERMAN BeEuR, Jennings, Md. .............- eee reser ee sence 1897
Orto Breur, Lopez, Sullivan Co., Pa. .........-ee eee eee eee eeee 1897
B. S. BownisH, Demarest, N. J. 2.2... es ee cee eee ee ee ete een ences 1913
W. H. BuLuer, Marietta, Lancaster Co., Pa. ........-.-.-2220ee- 1895
CHARLES BuvineErR, M. D., Newark, N. J. .......2 eee e eee er eeeee 1900
L. Cavum, Honolulu, Sandwich Islands ...........-..+se-esseeeees 1913
HeErBert L. Coccins, 770 Mission St., San Francisco, Cal......... 1897
WILLIAM J. CRESSON, Box 249, Pittsburg, Pa. ...............0-- 1899
Lieut. Frank B. Eastman, U.S. A., Chester Military Academy, Pa. 1898
Marcus S. Farr, Princeton, N. J. .......-2. sec eee ese ccereees 1901
ALFRED M. GiTHENS, New York City ...........eeceeecseceees 1895
HARRY Iu. (GRAHAM Redlands, (Cali!) isaac sale els se c's 1897
ATeeN) ie) GROSH.)| Work. |)York (Co. Paci isco:. 1. tise 2 s'cie)+ = sie's\0\0/0) 6 1900
H. WALKER Hanp, 1002 Washington St., Cape May, N. J.......- 1900
Wm. E. Hannum, Lynn, Mass. .......-. ces eee esc ce cece ecceees 1901

RicHarp C. HarLow, State College, Pa............2-seeeeeeees 1904

66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

CHRESWELL J. Hunt, Chicago, Ill....... Hh altel alana tal ohareiat ia ua negate 1902
THomas H. JACKSON, West Chester, Pa. ..........0...0-eceee 1895
J. WARREN JACOBS, Waynesburg, Greene Co., Pa. .............- 1895
THOMAS Di Sine WStelton, UNisdecryeia sieleleje ce elale/elelelslaie) oats clave 1902
RAYMOND JISESTER, | Williamsport. bids. (i ¢ i215 /+se/ <6 ele eiale velo ely mwas 1892
SARMUEE jy ADD, VGA CaMe, Mee iets. 21.) 2 1.5) dal allelni wilia el ielel atal e 1895
W. H. LitBeLSPeRGER, Fleetwood, N. J.......-.:-2eeeeeeceecces 1913
DW eds sis) MEARS St Om, aly vlep la atoyalely s <l~ )s) slr \eis) seh wide ale tadet elas 1909
WaLpron DE W. Miuuer, Plainfield, N. J. ........0.cescceccens 1900
Howarp Y. PENNELL, M. D., Downingtown, Pa. ................ 1894
ALE SP EILETPS ie ranicet Ol ile kede ws tetay evel llsta)isjcicl st eleai'-)=/n\lal elelatia irate ieee 1895
MoW. RAUB, M.D. Wuaneastber pieces steieie's = «ls \c\c\ 2c eels elele eielaven ae 1895
ALFRED C. REDFIELD, Cambridge, Mass............2.0000ceceens 1908
H. Justin Roppy, State Normal School, Millersville, Lane. Co., Pa. 1895
CHas. H. Rocsers, 240 So. Broad St., Elizabeth, N. J........... 1905
Ropert P. SHARPLES, West Chester, Pa. ............22.2c+- eee 1906
(Oy 1D) Sianyansunie, ekabce ay) INS B64 6 05656 uo5ec00b obs cacere soe - 1901
R. B. SIMPSON, Warren, Warren Co.) Pas. /)0 2 cn. c elem ei 1907
FREDERICK SORENSEN, Chalmersgarten, Gothenburg, Sweden ..... 1900
REYNOLD A. SPAETH, Cambridge, Mass. .........2.0eeseeeeeeees 1901
FREDERICK W. Stack, Doubleday Page and Co., N. Y. City ....... 1905
Hues: EH. STONE, Coatesville, Pal. eo ee eee ee eee elele mie 1895
EAL SUERMACE NElaprisp unas) baie ye leveleioitcl sella: <iolelehahe) «joie (ellen fellate teat 1900
W. E. CiypE Topp, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburg, Pa. ........... 1895
HENRY WARRINGTON, San Francisco, Cal. ...........+-02-0e-eee 1896
ASACIPE WAI. Bri ebom UNS Dicks sient (cereale ielw's Jo la) vel elel pate isan 1902
Wittam 1. Warraker, Ada, Okla. ..............0.2s eee eeeeee 1893
Se LAN: INVESEMR Co lair botany yeibrens o/c) sfete/ ela, c/a)a\e(n ellen o\ a telloliial 6. iat vee 1904
Rosert T. YounG, State University, N. Dakota................. 1892
DECEASED MEMBERS, Died.
JOHN FarNuM Brown, Active member................ May 13, 1894
WaLTEeR D. BusH, Corresponding member........... August 11, 1904
WILLIAM B. CRISPIN, Corresponding member............ May 9, 1913
JOHN W. DetwitieR, M. D., Corresponding member September 26, 1898
ERNEST M. Evans, Associate member.................- June 29, 1911
Henry Hawes, Corresponding member............. November 6, 1913
LaRue K. Houmes, Corresponding member ............ May 10, 1900
JostAH HoopPEs, Corresponding member............. January 16, 1904
August Kocu, Corresponding member ........... February 15, 1907
GiLBErT H. Moors, Associate member ..............-. May 28, 1899
ELMER ONDERDONK, Associate member...........-- September 4, 1913
FREDERICK N. OwrENn, Associate member .......... December 27, 1905
WILLIAM PATTERSON, Corresponding member ........ August 27, 1900
Francis W. RAWLE, Associate member ............... June 12, 1911
EpWIN SHEPPARD, Associate member ...........+-.-+-- April 7, 1904
WILLIAM W. SMITH, Associate member ..............-.- July 3, 1892
CHARLES §. WELLES, Associate member ............ February 24, 1914
Wittram H. WERNER, Corresponding member.......... May 13, 1912

SAMUEL W. WoopHouss, M. D., Honorary member... October 23, 1904

INDEX TO SPECIES.

Every mention of a bird, either by common or technical name, except in the
migration report and Club Notes, is indexed under the current technical name

of the species.

Agelaius p. phoeniceus, 27, 54
Aluco pratincola, 60
Anas rubripes, 10
Antrostomus v. vociferus, 60
Archilochus colubris, 36
Ardea h. herodias, 11

occ: identalis, 11, 54
Asio wilsonianus, 62
Astragalinus t. tristis, 59

Bombycilla cedrorum, 28
Botaurus lentiginosus, 10, 60
Bubo v. virginianus, 62
Buteo 1. lineatus, 59
Butorides v. virescens, 11, 35

Calidris leucophea, 53

Cathartes a. septentrionalis, 4, 13, 30,
31, 32, 33, 34

Ceryle a. alcyon, 14, 15

Chordeiles v. virginianus, 27, 28, 36, 54

Circus hudsonius, 60

Cistothorus stellaris, 35

Clangula c. americana, 10

Coccyzus erythrophthalmus, 62

Colaptes a. luteus, 24, 27, 36, 54

Colymbus auritus, 7

Corvus b. brachyrhynchos 15, 53, 61

Creciscus jamaicensis, 60

Cryptoglaux a. acadica, 35

Dendroica c. cerulescens, 36
coronata, 36
Striata, 36
tigrina, 35, 36
vigorsi, 20
Deudrocygana viduata, 60
Dryobates v. leucomelas, 60
Dumetella carolinensis, 28, 36

Empidonax minimus, 28, 36

Falco s. sparverius, 60

Florida czrulea, 11
Fregata aquila, 53

Gallinula galeata, 35
Gavia immer, 8
Geothlypis t. trichas, 36

Haliztus leucocephalus, 12, 59
Helodromas s. solitarius, 61
Helmitheros vermivorus, 62
Herodias egretta, 11, 53
Hesperiphona v. vespertina, 61
Himantopus mexicanus, 54
Hylocichla f. fuscescens, a
g. pallasii, 5,
mustelina, 28, o
Iridoprocne bicolor, 61
Ixobrychus exilis, 11

Junco hyemalis hyemalis, 36

Larus argentatus, 8, 9
atricilla, 8

Macrorhamphus g. griseus, 53
Marila affinis, 16
Melospiza m. melodia, 61
Mergus americanus, 9
serrator, 10, 16
Molothrus a. ater, 27, 54
Myiochanes virens, 60

Nuttalornis borealis, 35
Nyticorax n. nevius, 12

Oporornis formosus, 62

philadelphia, 35
Otocoris a. praticola, 59
Otus a. asio, 24

Pandion h. carolinensis, 12, 13, 14
Passerculus s. savanna, 35
Passerherbulus h. henslowi, 60

(67 )

68 INDEX TO SPECIES.

Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, 53 Sterna caspia, 62
Phalacrocorax auritus, 9 hirundo, 9
Philohela minor, 36 Sturnus vulgaris, 26, 27, 28, 54, 61
Pipilo e. erythrophthalmus, 27, 28, 35,

36 Tachybaptus podiceps, 7
Pisobia maculata, 53 Thryomanes b. bewicki, 59, 60

minutilla, 53 Totanus melanoleucus, 12

Planesticus m. migratorius, 25, 26, 27, solitarius, 12

28, 54, 60, 61 Toxostoma rufum, 27, 28, 36, 61
Polioptila ce. czrulea, 35, 62 Troglodytes ae. aedon, 36
Progne 8. subis, 36 Tyrannus dominicensis, 54

verticalis, 35, 52, 62
Quiscalus q. quiscula, 15, 25, 26, 27, :
28, 54, 59 Vermivora c. celata, 60
[leucobronchialis], 61
Regulus c. calendula, 36 perce eee

Rynchops nigra, 58 Wilsonia citrina, 35, 60
Seiurus aurocapillus, 17, 18, 19, 20, | Zamelodia ludoviciana, 35

21, 22, 23, 24, 36, 60 Zenaidura m. carolinensis, 26, 27, 28,
Sialia s. sialis, 62 54

Steganopus tricolor, 35, 55 Zonotrichia albicollis, 36

C RRs
om

pet ces CHUB
70h Siemaeiinl

aie

A Vigh 2 Ses eR ETE

CASSINIA.

An Agnel Devoted to the: Qrnichologs! a La
_ Pennsylvania, New Jersey, ‘and Delawate

CONTENTS 1914.
Some Old Philadelphia Bird Collectors and Taxidermists oi a

tispicce) SPENCER TROTTER.
River Bird Life ber: Joun D, Carter. Ra
The Valley of the Tacony (Zwo Plates), /> Gzorce SpeNcER Morris. 17
Individual Variety of Bird Songs ( 7wo Plates) ' Henry OnDys. :
Summer at Buck Hill in the Poconos. CORNELIUS WEYGANDT.
Bird Notes te ;
Report of the Spring Migration of 1914 WITMER STONE“
Abstract of the Proceedings of the Delaware Valley Ornitholog-

ical Club for 1914 J. FLETCHER STREET ©

Club Notes: Notes and News

Bibliography for 1914

List of Officers and Members of the D. V. O. C., 1915
Index to Species

PUBLICATIONS OF THE D. V. 0. Cc. ee

The Birds of Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey, by | ot tee
Witmer Stone, pp. 176 with two maps and portrait of ae
Alex. Wilson. One Dollar and a half. (Post paid $1.62)
Abstract of Proceedings, Full Set Nos. I-IV. (1890-1900) pp. 98, Fiftycents ‘/ a
Cassinia, published annually beginning with 1901; comprising Sh he e

papers relating to the Ornithology of Pennsylvania,

New Jersey and Delaware, and an abstract of the pro- ae
' ceedings of the Club. Edited beginning with No. XV, m oy

1911, by Robert Thomas Moore. Subscription price Fifty cents

address Delaware Valley Ornithological Club, aes
care Academy of Natural Sciences, a

‘Logan Square, Philadelphia. 4 q

Contributed articles, books, and all publications should be sent to Mr. Robert 4 ‘A 4
Thomas Moore, Haddonfield, N. J. av |
DS apres 1a i

Publication Committee. 6? Mae
FRANCIs R. COPE, ROBERT THOMAS MOORE, GEORGE SPENCER Morris. !

JOHN KRIDER
TAXIDERMIST

CASSINIA

PROCEEDINGS OF THE DELAWARE
VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB

No. XVIII. PHILADELPHIA, PA. 1914.

Some Old Philadelphia Bird Collectors and

Taxidermists
BY SPENCER TROTTER

‘¢ Curis’? Woop

During the middle years of the last century there was a type
‘of man—type of mind would probably be a happier way of ex-
pressing it—individuals of which appeared here and there in a
community, though always sparingly and often in unexpected
walks of life. This race or type is apparently now extinct. It
was my good fortune to know quite intimately one of these per-
sons, tospend many hours in his company, and to become more
or less familiar with this attitude of mind. Christopher D.
Wood, or ‘‘ Chris’? Wood as he was always called, was a typical
old-time bird collector and taxidermist. I first made his ac-
quaintance in the summer of the year 1875. The picture that
‘¢ Chris’? Wood’s name calls up is that of a man of medium
hight, possibly a trifle under the average, of spare build, a rather
prominent nose, dark chestnut hair with a tendency to curl, and
a drooping reddish moustache. His eyes were blue—a sort of
light china blue. The color of his eyes was further impressed

2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

upon me by acircumstance which showed the peculiar streak of
realism that often runs through minds of such men as ‘‘ Chris’’.
He owned a dog—a white and orange-blotched English setter
called ‘‘ Prince,’’ in which he took great pride. I persuaded
my father to paint a small portrait of this dog, for which ‘‘Chris’’
would give me a considerable number of bird skins. The dog,
of course, was the prominent feature in the picture, but father
painted in the middle background the small figure of a man
with a gun, hardly more than an inch or so in height, which
‘‘Chris’’ took to be a portrait of himself and complained that
the eyes of this man in the picture were dark (they were mere
little pin-point spots), while his were blue. He was further
dissatisfied with the shading on the dog’s belly, saying that he
always kept ‘‘ Prince’’ very clean and the picture showed him
to be dirty where he should be snow-white.

‘Chris ’’ lived in a small house on the north side of Market
Street west of Thirty-fourth. His taxidermic shop, on the
ground floor front, I can still see perfectly, and it had a
smell peculiarly its own. I can see it again whenever I get a
whiff of raw bird-flesh and arsenic. Back of a counter, littered
with the materials of his craft, stood ‘‘Chris,’’? in a cardigan
jacket, skinning birds. I can see him very clearly as I write
this—always cheerful and friendly to the boy who must have
bothered him many times. I am somewhat hazy as to a row
of glass-door cases, containing mounted specimens back of
where he stood, but there were drawers under the cases—deep
drawers filled with bird-skins thrown in helter-skelter without
labels. Mrs. ‘‘Chris,’? a short darkish woman, used to urge
‘* Chris’’ to ‘‘ laybil’’ his specimens, but ‘‘ Chris’’ knew where
each one had been taken and the approximate date, so he said,
and I believe that he was fairly accurate, though there were
several hundred bird-skins in those drawers. I used to spend
afternoons rummaging among these specimens and bought a
good many, some very interesting ones. Twenty-five cents was
the price for a fairly common species of small bird, though I
paid him ten dollars for the hybrid swallow which I had de-
scribed. ‘‘Chris’’ did a fairly good business, I think, mounting
birds that were brought to him by sportsmen, and he was always

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 3

quite reasonable in his charges. He had little of the artistic in-
stinct and his specimens were rather conventional mounts, but
they came pretty close to the natural form and characteristics of a
species. He was a fast and skilful worker and would strip the
skin off a small bird, dose it with arsenic and push in the
cotton while he talked away—one bird after another in quick
succession—and the skins were all remarkably good, quite free
from blemishes of any sort. I do not remember if he tied the
wings—I think not in many of the smaller kinds—and he never
wrapped them in any way to dry into form, just gave each one
a few dextrous pinches and tossed it on the counter. Yet, as
I say, they were all good skins.

‘‘Chris’’ had no technical knowledge of birds. I doubt if
he knew anything about genera, or what such a thing as a genus
meant. He had that primitive sort of knowledge about birds
that was characteristic of the early field naturalists—botanists,
ornithologists and entomologists alike. It was a lively interest
in the differences between one kind of animal and another, a
curiosity about habits and distribution of species, a native love
for color and form, and a very deep-seated feeling for the back-
ground—woods and fields and streams. I imagine this was
Audubon’s attitude of mind, tinged with his artistic tempera-
ment, and also Alexander Wilson’s to a large extent, influenced
by his poetical nature. Neither of these persons were what we
of to-day would call strictly ‘‘scientific’”’. The Bartrams,
Townsend and Nuttall were probably men of the same type.
“‘Chris’’ was neither artist nor poet visibly, but though he
never expressed himself, no one knows what inward satisfaction
possessed his soul, for as Stevenson has said ‘‘ the ground of a
man’s joy is often hard to hit’’.

When the migration was on, ‘‘Chris’’ was out every day.
The Clifton Woods on the ridge to the right of the old West
Chester railroad, between what are now the stations of Primos
and Secane (then Oak Lane and Spring Hill) was a favorite
collecting ground of his. I have passed by these woods every
day for the last thirty years. They have been much thinned
out, and their southern side opened up for building, but the
sight of them often evokes a memory of ‘‘Chris’’. Darby and.

4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Crum creeks were also haunts of his, and the Lazaretto Woods
on Tinicum (‘‘the Lazarette,’’ he used to call it). Linwood
(Marcus Hook) near the Delaware state line, was another place
he used to tramp over. I have known him to walk all the way
out to the Clifton Woods and back again day after day during
the height of the spring migration. He sold very few of the
specimens he got on these trips and in the later years of his
life he was much straightened for money, but still he would
tramp far afield for the pure love of it. He had a wonderful
eye for birds and a quick ear for their notes, but that was not
remarkable since he spent his whole life in their pursuit. He
was an entirely unlettered man and had many curious notions
and expressions. JI remember one day in the autumn many
years ago, when I was loafing with him in his shop, he forboded
a winter of great sickness because Red-headed Woodpeckers had
appeared in unusually large numbers in the country about
Philadelphia. ‘‘I never knew it to fail’’, he said. This is
probably a remnant of some old folklore. In his earlier youth
‘¢Chris’’ Wood had collected birds in Panama and had suffered
from an attack of Chagres fever. When only sixteen years of
age he enlisted in the Rush Lancers (during the Civil War), so
he told me, and was in several desperate cavalry charges.

The last I saw of ‘‘ Chris’? was the year I entered Swarth-
more College (1889). The college collection of birds needed
overhauling and I got him to come out and put the mounted
specimens in shape. He seemed downcast and in poor health.
The date of his death I do not know ; it was not long after this,
perhaps a yearor so. I was busy at the college and do not
remember having gone to his shop after that year. He had
hardly reached the middle years of life when he died. He was
altogether an interesting personality—a genial, kindly soul, and
I owe him now many pleasant memories. Where his grave is I
do not know, but wherever it may be, surely that exquisite,
though forgotten verse of the poet Gray would be a fitting

elegy—

There scatter’d oft, the earliest of the year,
By hands unseen are show’rs of violets found ;
The redbreast loves to build and warble there,
And little footsteps lightly print the ground.

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 5

JOHN AND JOE KRIDER

Personally I knew little of the Kriders. John Krider’s old
gun shop, still standing at the northeast corner of Second and
Walnut streets is an ancient landmark of local ornithology, and I
remember the second story—a dingy cubbyhole where ‘‘Charlie’’
Wood, a brother of ‘‘ Chris,’’ presided as taxidermist. Charlie
struck me as very different from ‘‘ Chris’’—much more of a mel-
ancholy cast of mind, but I really did not know him very well and
saw him only afew times. Krider’s shop was a rendezvous of the
‘‘sunning’’ fraternity and among them were many ornithologic-
ally inclined sportsmen. It was quite natural for men of this
type to be interested in birds in a quasi-scientific way. This
attitude of mind is reflected in that rare old book of D . Elisha
Lewis, ‘‘The American Sportsman, ’’ and to a lesser extent in
Frank Forester’s ‘‘ Field Sports’’. Such books are in a sense
unique and altogether representative of the type that frequented
Krider’s shop. John Krider, himself, published a small book
under the title, ‘‘ Forty Years’ Notes of a Field Ornitholo-
gist ’’, with a sub-title as follows—‘‘ Giving a Description of
All Birds Killed and Prepared by Him’’. It bears the imprint of
1879 from the press of Joseph H. Weston—Philadelphia—and
is an annotated list, with the scientific names then current, of
300 species, beginning in the old style with the rapacious birds
and ending with the guillemots and auks. The specific names
all begin with a capital letter, the name of the describer following.
It is by no meansa local list, much of the matter relating to Iowa,
where Krider and his son Joe spent their summers collecting.
Ruthven Deane and I visited the old shop some years ago and
were each given a copy of this book by Mr. Lee Siner, the pres-
ent incumbent. Joe Krider also wasacharacteristic field man
and a good collector, though like his father entirely unscientific.

One of these kindred spirits that I came to know was Charlie
Westcott. He was an out-and-out sportsman with a strong bias
toward ornithology. Charlie was in no way professional, how-
ever. At one time he was in the gun business, I think with
the old firm of Philip Wilson. Westcott used to collect in a
casual sort of way, shooting warblers along Crum Creek during

6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

the migration, but I do not remember that he made skins. He
just went out for the fun of it and gave his specimens to Krider
or tothe Woods. I met Westcott at the Academy of Natural Sci-
ences in 1878, where he was making copies of various bird
pictures on plaques from several of the larger works of orni-
thology. He was among the first who imported the Laverack
setter into this country—a race of dogs bred in and in to such
an extent that they had become degenerate. Wesicott’s famous
dog ‘‘ Pedigree’ had a wonderful nose, but in every other respect
was an idiot and quite useless in the field.

OTHER TAXIDERMISTS

I remember once meeting in ‘‘Chris’’ Wood’s shop an old
fellow named Ben Child who was a bird collector of the same
ilk. J knew nothing further about him except that ‘‘Chris’’
seemed to regard him as an encroacher upon some of his collect-
ing haunts. On Ninth street above Arch, on the east side, was a
taxidermic shop kept by a man named Galbraith. He made
some very good-looking mounts, but I do not recall any skins.
My father purchased several mounted specimens from him as
models for paintings—one of them, a Meadowlark in excellent
pose, was the subject of a picture called, ‘‘Onthe Alert’’. Among
other birds, which were used as the subjects of paintings, was a
Junco, a Blue Jay, a Baltimore Oriole, and a pair of California
Valley Quail (Lophortyx), all of which I fell heir to when father
had finished with them. I remember carrying the Baltimore
Oriole home from the studio in a bitter cold wind one afternoon
in February, the paper blew away and the specimen never quite
regained the original set of its tail feathers. This was some-
where about 1875.

There was another taxidermist on Thirteenth street above
Market but I never knew him nor was in his shop. Dave Mc-
Cadden has kindly given me his business card which I insert
here as a specimen of the craft:

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. if

JAMES TAYLOR,
No. 36 N. THIRTEENTH ST.,

ONE DOOR BELOW FILEERT,

PREBRBADBLPRMA.
PRESERVER OF

080%, BRIS, ROPCILEY,

FISH & INSECTS,
IN ASUPERIOR MANNER AND WARRANTED.
[>> Old Birds cleaned and repaired.

This particular card has an interesting history. It was found
wrapped up in a copy of the Philadelphia Ledger for December
8th, 1858, which was used as part of the stuffing in the old
bison, that long stood in the exhibition gallery of the Academy
at Broad and Sansom streets and later in the Nineteenth street
gallery.

All of these men, with the exception of Westcott, were pro-
fessional collectors and taxidermists. There were others, not
ornithologists in the real sense of the word, who took up the
pursuit in a purely amateur way. One of these was John Mc-
Ilvaine who lived on Baring street. He was a delightful old
gentleman and I remember him always as wearing a high silk
hat, evenin his home. He made very artistic and natural mounts.
of birds, especially of warblers, in various characteristic poses.
I met him once on the train, on a May morning, going out to
shoot warblers at Grubb’s Bridge (now Wawa). If I remember
rightly he had a cane gun. The cane gun was much in yogue
among collectors near the city in those days. I had one that
generally hit me in the face and the bird usually flew away.
The ramrod, too, was a jointed affair—and one was forever leav-
ing the stock at home. This, I think, was the experience also
of Dr. Coues—who refers to it in his ‘‘ Field Ornithology’’ as
having ‘‘ only two recommendations. If you approve of shoot-
ing on Sunday and yet scruple to shock popular prejudice, you
can slip out of town unsuspected. If you are shooting where
the law forbids destruction of small birds—a wise and good law

8 PROCEEDINGS

that you may sometimes be inclined to defy—artfully careless
handling of the deceitful implement may prevent arrest and
fine.”’

All this is a ramble among old memories—very pleasant
memories to me. ‘The latter-day attitude toward bird-life has
put an end to the business of the professional bird-collector
and few, if any, now ply their trade. There is no longer
a market for such a commodity as a bird-skin. There are
taxidermists still among us—born artists in their line—and
far superior to the old-fashioned bird-stuffers. The money side
of it was undoubtedly a very important element in the business.
The conditions have changed. We value the bird for its life,
its beauty of form and color, its song, its fascinating ways,
far more than the mere possession of its skin. And yet there
are some of us still, those of us who were born back in the last
century, who have what Tom Montgomery once described to
me as the absolutely illogical desire to get out and shoot speci-
mens. It came upon him in the spring; it comes upon some
of us at various seasons—always with the same old tingle of
enthusiasm. And I very much doubt, if it is altogether so il-
logical as Montgomery imagined. It was this same tingle of
enthusiasm, this desire to secure the specimen, that made life
so worth while to this interesting and almost forgotten type—
the old-time bird collector.

River Bird Life

BY JOHN D. CARTER

Tuer time has long passed when even the keenest observer can
reasonably hope to find a new species of bird in the Delaware.
valley. Stragglers from other regions may be found, for acci-
dents always have happened and always will happen. Such
sporadic occurrences are interesting, but are not usually of much
significance except in the rare cases in which a bird is shifting
itsrange. The outstanding facts of the lives of most of our birds,
the times of migration, feeding and nesting habits, plumage
changes and so forth, are fairly well determined. The day of
the intensive student, the observer with a metaphorical fine-
toothed comb, has come. Most of us have little opportunity
for such study. But if each one would record what he does
observe, there must result a decrease in the great sum-total of
ourignorance. So much in explanation of the publication of the
following notes, made beside the Delaware River at Chester, Pa.

The time of observation has been limited to an hour or less
near noon of each day. The point of vantage made use of, is-
the end of a dock extending into deep water. Down river, toward
the southwest, the high ground near Wilmington forms the.
horizon. In the opposite direction the tall stacks at League
Island can be seen in clearweather. In front beyond two miles.
of open water rise the low shores of New Jersey. Somewhat
up stream and near mid-river, lies Chester Island, an expanse
of reeds, relieved by a few small trees. Below the visible end
of the island, a bar extends for more than a mile.

At the outset, let it be understood that the bird-life of the river:
differs from that of the land very strikingly, in that the winter,
and not the summer, is the season of greatest activity. Even:
the wonderful spring migration which fills our forests and shade-
trees with birds of marvelous beauty, is represented but feebly
on the river.

About the middle of the 4th month (April) come the very
attractive little Bonaparte Gulls. Trim and neat in figure, light

(9)

10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

-and airy in motion, they make the Herring Gulls seem heavy and
awkward. Instead of pounding the water with their feet, as the
Herring Gulls do, when they rise from the surface, the Bonapartes
spring lightly up, more like pigeons leaving the ground. Their
dark heads, when they happen to have them, are good field-
marks, permitting confusion only with the Laughing Gull. These
seldom stray so far from the salt water. I have seen only one
at Chester in three years, so the confusion is more possible than
actual. In any plumage the Bonaparte may be recognized by
its three white areas, as seen from above, namely, its tail and a
broad band along the front edge of each wing, from the bend of
the wing outward. When flying away from one, the white of
the tail flanked by two waving bars of the same color may serve
for identification at any distance up toa mile. The Bonapartes
tarry only a few days. With their passing, the bird life of the
river dwindles rapidly. The Herring and Ring-billed Guils
gradually vanish away. An occasional flock of geese may
afford brief excitement and a few Ospreys may draw their easy
circles above the river. The sweet whistle of the Yellowlegs
may sometimes be heard, and even less frequently, a bunch
of misguided Semipalmated Sandpipers or Ring-neck Plovers
may drift past. A few kinds of land birds may be seen, but
these clearly have no interest in the river. To them it is buta
mere accident of the landscape. The Swallows, however, do
seem to use the river as a highway. Barn and Bank Swallows
have been identified. It is probable that other species also
should be included. What use is made of the river by night
migrants, of course does not appear from these limited obser-
vations.

By the middle of 5th month (May) except for the noting of
Turkey Vultures over New Jersey, (where they may be seen at
any season) and an occasional Crow, the daily record begins to
read thus: ‘‘no birds’’, ‘‘no bird life of any kind’’. This
dearth of life continues almost unbroken until summer has be-
gun to wane. Ofcourse, the rails, marsh wrens, bitterns, ete.
are hidden away among the reeds, and do not show themselves
in the open.

Sometime in the 8th month (August) there come the Black

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 11

‘Terns for their annual visit. They are never seen in spring.
A few wear their dark body-clothes, making them look very
different from what is expected of a tern. The birds in im-
mature plumage, appear more nearly normal. So far as I have
seen they are the only terns which resort to the river at that
time. They go actively about, at times uttering a rather shrill
squeak. They appear never to plunge into the water, but
descend lightly to the surface and at once rise again. When
the reeds are well grown, the metallic clink of Reed Birds is
heard, but their little forms are so lost in the expanse of air
that they are not seen as frequently as might be expected.

Early in the 9th month (September) the first gulls appear.
For some time there was much uncertainty in my mind regard-
ing the identification of Herring and Ring-billed. Even yet
there are cases of doubt. When it is remembered that their
-colors are almost identical, that either may look, black, gray,
bluish, white or parti-colored according to circumstances, and
‘that the lights and distances over the water vary interminably,
this need not cause much surprise. The Ringbills are slighter
‘in build than the ponderous Herrings, more airy in flight, rising
more easily from the water, more likely to make sudden turns
while flying, and work their wings more rapidly. A color
difference which appears to be useful and generally reliable is
that the Ringbills in immature plumage show the basal part of
the tail much whiter than the Herrings in corresponding plum-
age. The general habits of the two appear very similar, though
I have no record of the Ringbill soaring at great height, as the
Herring frequently does. The voices of the two are similar, so
far as I have heard them, but that of the Ringbill is rather
more shrill on the squealing notes. I have never heard them
eackle as the Herrings do.

At first the Ringbills have it all to themselves, but in 9th
month there appear a few Herrings, fore-runners of the winter
population. The two species mingle freely together, and even
-during keen competition for some article of food, I have never
‘seen evidence of ill-feeling of either toward the other. The same
may be said of occasions, when Crows also come to the feast.
-All through the bright autumn weather the two kinds of gulls

12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

add life to the broad expanse of water. As the days become
colder and drifting snow-squalls tell of the approach of winter,
the Ringbills slowly decrease in numbers, while the Herrings
become more numerous until they are the only species to be
seen for weeks or months together. In fact the Herring Gull
must be regarded as much the most notable bird of the whole
river avi-fauna.

As indicated above, the Herring Gulls look very different
under varying conditions. The birds in immature plumage
often seem to be of one color throughout, and that so dark as
to appear black, when seen against fleecy clouds or tossing white-
caps. Between this and the blue and white adult plumage there
are many phases, grading one into another. Some of the last
to be seen in the spring, as well as the first to arrive in the fall,
are in the dark plumage. When settling down upon the water
they nearly always drop gently, unless in a great hurry to secure
a morsel of food. If they spy something of interest while passing
rapidly over it, they either apply the brakes by taking almost an
upright position in the air and beating the wings directly for-
ward, or they pass on and return by a series of spiral curves.
I have never seen them check their momentum by skating along
on their feet after the manner of some water birds, which have
heavier bodies or less wing surface.

Frequently they endeavor to secure the food by catching it up
in their beaks as they pass over. When the wind is high and
the waves are running, there are many exhibitions of admirable
balancing in executing this feat. Sometimes the object thus
secured is at once dropped again, indicating that even gull eyes
may be deceived. At other times, they settle upon the water
and eat more at leisure. Even then there is no loss of time, for
in a surprisingly short space, many others assemble so that there
may not be enough for a taste apiece. It is probable that civili-
zation furnishes most of their food while on the river. The only
fragment which I have been able to identify was a piece of bread.

When swimming or resting on the water, the gulls carry the
points of their wings well above the surface, making them look
‘high behind,’’ in contrast to most, or all, of the ducks. The
flight may be direct by steady beating of the wings, or this may

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 13

be interrupted by periods of sailing or by graceful circling.
Sometimes, and more frequently as spring approaches, they soar
in beautiful circles to great heights. At such times they may
be mistaken easily for hawks. On a few occasions I have seen
great numbers of them engaged in this sport,—the whole wheel-
ing concourse drifting slowly before the wind.

As a rule the Herring Gull in winter on the river is a rather
silent bird. One may sometimes fly about uttering a plaintive
squeal. A less common sound is a low chuckle, not audible
for more than a few yards. But when a bunch of them get to-
gether, especially in disagreement over an insufficient supply
of food, they sometimes show that they have real voices. There
may be only one or two notes; or these may be continued into
a long cackle, not musical to be sure, but with a delicious flavor
of wildness. It is a rather curious fact that during most of
the winter, at the noon hour many more gulls pass up the river
than move down. Sometimes the count reads about ‘‘ 30 up’’ to
‘¢2 down.’’ Or it may reach the unusual total of nearly one
hundred, divided in about the same ratio. No doubt they come
back again sometime. On other days, as though by common
‘consent, they all go foraging promiscuously, without any de-
finite lines of flight. I have not been able to detect any rela-
tion between these movements and either tide or weather con-
ditions.

Associated more or less with the gulls is the everyday Crow.
Sometimes great flocks assemble on Chester Island or the Jersey
shore. When ice is plentiful in the river they ride about on it
and fly from place to place seeking food. When the surface of
the water is free from ice and not too rough, they go about as the
gulls do, descending and picking things from the surface. They
look as though they were in danger of falling in and drowning,
but I have never seen any such accidents. It should be men-
tioned that, a few times, I have noted Purple Grackles acting
in the same way. On two occasions, when the sounds of civil-
ization were hushed, when there was no slapping of waves nor
grinding of ice, I have heard the faint voices of Crows and on
looking through field-glasses have found them on the shore or
treetops on the other side of the river. There were none any-

14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

where nearer in that direction, so it seems certain that the voice-
of the Crow can be heard for two miles. On one of these occa-
sions the voice of a rooster also carried across the river.

Of the ducks I can give no satisfactory account. This is be-
cause of their settled practice of keeping far from the Pennsylvania
shore, or because of the limitations of human vision, or both
combined. At the distance of a mile, aduck is a small object, and
at two miles approaches the invisible. So although I see some
thousands in the course of a season, I can rarely learn what they
are. Why does not some one who knows, publish a scheme by
which distant ducks may be identified? During three years I
have known four Ducks to pass fairly close to the end of the
dock. Two, which came along while I was not there, appeared
to be American Mergansers. Another might have been a Buffle-
head. The fourth deserves more particular mention. There
was much ice in the river, more particularly over the bar below
the island and along the Jersey shore. Perhaps for this reason,
a Duck came in from mid-river and settled on the water, close to
the shore, and not more than three hundred yards from my look-
out. Thecrownwas dark. Just below that on theside of the face
and neck was a large light spot. These marks showed it to be
a Ruddy Duck. I at once looked to see if its tail was pointed
skyward and found that it was not. The bird dived frequently,
doubtless in search of food in the shallow water. After some
time it drifted away with the tide, without diving. Its tail then
appeared to be held up, as I expected it to be at first. This sug-
gested that perhaps the Ruddy Duck makes some special use of
its stiff tail while under water, and when not expecting to dive,
lifts it carefully out of the way. If this is not the reason, why
does this duck have a stiff tail?

Throughout the winter ducks of whatever kind they are, may
be seen in flocks of 10 to 80, passing either up or down, or
resting on the water over the bar or near the Jersey shore.
They never seem to dive. I suspect that they are chiefly Black
Ducks and Pintails. Occasionally, and without notice, the ducks
have a moving day. On one such day there passed up-river
during an hour, 20 flocks, estimated to contain 1035 birds.
There also passed down 5 flocks, containing 108 birds. This

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 15.

can scarcely be considered a migration, as it happened on 1st
mo. (Jan.) 21 of this year. The greatest numbers appear late.
in the winter or early in the spring. The flocks are so inter-
mingled that it seems hopeless to try to estimate the numbers,
and mere guesses carry such a large persentage of error that they
are scarcely worth making. At such times I always feel glad
that so many have escaped destruction, and wish that their
numbers might be doubled and trebled. JI never wish for a
gun—still less for a gunner—but only that I might know what
they are.

One particular incident, although briefly noted in a previous
issue of Cassinia, is thought worthy of fuller description
because of its rarity and the questions which it raises. One
day in early spring, the tide was flowing rapidly but smoothly
up-river. A sea-going tug, with a string of loaded coal-barges
was passing down. A few Herring Gulls were doing nothing
in particular, some hundreds of yards from shore. Everything
was quiet and perfectly normal. Suddenly, from over the city,
came a bird of medium size, carrying something in its talons.
The sharp-pointed wings, the powerful figure, the swift direct
flight and the dark color showed it to be a Duck Hawk. Why
it was carrying its prey out over the river, where there could be
no resting place for the sole of its foot, is not clear. But it soon
became evident that it had made a very bad blunder. Under-
other circumstances, I have seen gulls and hawks in close
proximity, when neither seemed to notice the other. But
this time, the moment the gulls spied the hawk coming toward
them they shouted ‘‘Ha! Ha!’’ in tones that seemed full of
derision. At once the chase began. The unincumbered gulls
gained rapidly on the laboring hawk. For a few seconds it
tried to escape, then, in despair, dropped its prey upon the
water with a splash. I expected to see the gulls descend upon
the fallen quarry and wrangle for a morsel apiece. But to my
surprise they seemed to have no interest in it whatever, and not
very much in the hawk, except that they were determined to
prevent it from recovering its lost property. Time and time
again it would circle about and come near to the coveted prize,
as though to lift it from the water. Whenever it came near,.

16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

one or more gulls would dive at itand force it to move on. At
such times the speed of the gull seemed fully as great as that of
the falcon. There was no sign of retaliation, not even any back
talk, and the usually courageous bird of prey fled like a driven
coward.

While this was going on, the tide had carried the whole action

a quarter of a mile up river. Then the hawk gave up the
struggle and flew entirely away, while the gulls scattered to their
usual occupations. It seemed to be the end of the incident, but
it was not. After about twenty minutes the hawk reappeared.
The tug and barges were then nearly out of sight down the river,
but without hesitation the hawk went to the spot where it had
dropped its prey. Beating back and forth, it carefully examined
the surface of the river, following the course taken during the
altercation with the gulls. Naturally, it did not find what it
was looking for, because by that time its prey was a half mile
or more futher up the river. Instead of continuing the search,
the hawk gave up, at the point where it had been driven away,
rose high in the air, made a few vicious-looking plunges at
some gulls, which were not doing any harm just then, and
finally disappeared in the distance.

I have seen gulls mob a Fish Hawk which had made a good
catch. In that case there was every reason to think that the
gulls would gladly have eaten the fish, if they could have se-
cured it. But why did they assail this Duck Hawk, which had
a perfect right to carry something about if it wished to, if they
did not desire what it carried? Was it simple meanness for
them to prevent it from recovering its property ? Did the hawk
go away so as to allow the troublesome gulls to disperse? If
it had that much sense, why did it fail to understand that the
drift of the tide would go on while it was away? Did it know
anything about the tide at all? Or was the sense of time poorly
developed or altogether wanting ? Memory there surely was, and
an accurate sense of locality, not disturbed by the removal of
one of the most prominent features of the landscape. There
was every indication of resentment toward those gulls. But
who can say how nearly these psychic processes correspond to
our own? Perhaps that is part of the work laid out for the ob-
servers of the present and the future.

The Valley of the Tacony

BY GEORGE SPENCER MORRIS

In the minds of most ornithologists the bird and its environ-
ment are inseparably linked together. We pick up a dry and
dusty museum skin and instantly there springs before our men-
tal eye a vision of green meadow, breezy upland, tangled thicket
or dense forest as a setting for the living prototype of this dead
thing which we hold in our hands. Carrying the thought still
further, most of us have in mind some particular spot, with
which we instinctively associate a given species; some actual
tree or grove or thicket where, perhaps in the distant days of
boyhood, we first came to know this bird, or where years of
acquaintance with it may have proved this or that spot to be its
favorite dwelling or resting place. Again every ornithologist
has made a more or less accurate geographic study of the region
about his home, and as a result has come to have some favorite
tramping ground, which he knows and loves with special inti-
macy in an ornithological as well as geographicsense. The care-
ful study of these quite restricted sections may often give just
as important scientific results as the mere listing of species seen
over much wider areas. There is a certain intimate charm in
such works as Gilbert White’s ‘‘ Natural History of Selborne’’
which is in great measure dependent on the narrow limitations
of the region dealt with.

For weil nigh fifty years I have lived on the edge of the valley
through which winds the Tacony Creek, a stream flowing into
the Delaware in the northern section of the county of Philadel-
phia. Each year the city creeps closer to us. That red-brick
wave has almost reached to the opposite edge of our valley, yet
still the quiet stream comes down as of old between its wooded
hillsides, its marshy meadows, its over-hanging willows and its
alder thickets. For the study of bird-life this valley is almost
ideal, especially that stretch of some two miles which extends

(17)

18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

to the north of my home. I have long felt that I should like to
pay written tribute to this my favorite bird-walk.

The hillside in front of our old mansion is thickly wooded.
The trees are for the most part tall and stately oaks, beeches,
chestnuts or tulip poplars. Here, in summer, the Wood
Thrush sings his sweetest, and several nests may invariably be
found. In the early spring two or three pairs of Crows almost
always build among the upper branches. Throughout the long,
hot days of summer the Red-eyed Vireo reiterates his simple
sentences and leaves his little cup to hang upon some naked
limb, a mute reminder of happier days, when the icy winds
of winter sweep down the valley. Along this wooded hillside
the Carolina Wren makes the valley ring with his rollicking
song on crisp winter mornings, or chatters and scolds as he
searches for spiders among the logs of an old woodpile. It is
a favorite bit of woods for the Flicker ; the Downy Woodpecker
is common, the Hairy less so, the Yellow-bellied Sapsucker
is a not infrequent visitor in spring or fall, while the Red-
head is intermittently common or scarce over periods of several
consecutive years, as is his curious custom. In summer the
mournful note of the Wood Pewee is always characteristic of
the place, and migrating warblers flit in great numbers among
the buds and blossoms of spring or the ripening leaves of au-
tumn.

Over the fence at the foot of the hill lies the meadow and
through it flows the placid Tacony. When I was a boy this
meadow was a marsh with tussocks and rushes and skunk cab-
bages. The Red-wings always nested here and so did the Mary-
land Yellow-throat. Modern drainage, alas, has converted
this delightful swamp into a commonplace, but useful bit of
pasture. Therefore the Red-wings and Yellow-throats have
moved on.

Our walk will be up the valley. Looking down the stream
we see the water broadening into a pond, with a mill and a
village clustered about the dam-breast. Going back over my
notes of the past thirty years, I find quite a number of water
birds recorded for this pond. I well remember the flock of
geese that once alighted in the meadow on a foggy day, but were

CASSINIA, NO. XVIII PLATE II

HERE DWELLS THE BLUE-WINGED WARBLER

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 19

frightened off. Occasionally Butter-balls are seen, and once a
Whistler. One Mallard and two Black Ducks are the only rec-
ords I have of these species, but there have been several Red-
breasted Mergansers and one American Merganser. The Pied-
billed Grebe is often seen in the spring or fall, a Great Blue
Heron stops occasionally, the Night Heron and the Green
Heron are comparatively common, the Wilson’s Snipe some-
times drops into the meadow in the early spring, the Solitary
Sandpiper is a regular migrant, the cry of the Kildeer is a
familiar sound, while the Spotted Sandpiper is common through-
out the valley.

Turning northward we come at once to the old turnpike bridge
with its two stone arches. Here looking back to boyhood, I can
remember when the Rough-winged Swallows used to build in
the cracks and crannies of these same stone arches, but that is
very ancient history. Above the bridge we have a meadow on
the right bank of the stream and a wooded hillside on the left.
Then the Tacony takes a sharp bend to the eastward and im-
mediately we find ourselves at the back doors of a crumbling,
but picturesque old village. The mill which once gave employ-
ment to the community is now a ruin, and several of the houses
are fast falling to decay, while the best of them give but poor
shelter to the human derelicts who still inhabit them. A small
and long-deserted quarry, now much overgrown, indents the
hillside to the right before you come to the village. Here,
years ago a few Bank Swallows nested, and on several occasions
the Kingfisher selected this spot for his tunneling.

At this village we have another dam and just below it another
stone bridge ; this one being a three-arched structure. In the
crevices of this bridge the White-bellied Swallows used to build
when the Rough-winged frequented the lower bridge, but many
years have passed since this occurred, and now only the Phoebe
darts in and out to her mossy nest beneath the cool, gray arches.
Clumps of willows and alders and tangles of swampy growth
make good bird ground about the headwaters of the pond.
Here dwell the Song and the Swamp Sparrows, the Maryland
Yellow-throat and Red-winged Blackbird. One can frequently
find the nest of the Yellow Warbler, while the Indigo Bunting

20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

usually builds in the bushes over on the edge of the marsh.
In winter this weedy, bushy bog gives good cover and food for
flocks of finches. Here gather the Whitethroats, the Juncos,
the Song and the Tree Sparrows, while occasionally a few Field
Sparrows linger throughout the winter.

As we pass up the stream, we come to a drier bit of bottom
land, yet still thickly overgrown with weeds, bushes and bram-
bles. Here the Blue-winged Warbler almost invariably builds,
as does the Yellow-breasted Chat. The Cardinal also is apt to
frequent this particular part of the valley, and here I always
expect to hear the first faint flutings of the Fox Sparrow in the
warm winter days of late February.

Ahead of us the valley now grows narrower ; the hillsides are
steeper and more rocky as they draw in closer to the stream,
while the water flows more swiftly as we get above the influence
of the dam. Rocks protrude here and there from the stream
bed and little rapids rush musically across the shallows. Here
in winter the Carolina Wren and the Winter Wren greet us with
their cheerful chatter as they bustle and rummage about the
overhanging banks or peer and pry among the twisted roots of
trees that stand by the stream side. In the migrations we often
get the strident chirp of the Water Thrush, and more rarely the
wonderful song.

The Hooded Warbler is a rare bird in the vicinity of Phila-
delphia. In fact I have never seen but two hereabout in all
my ornithological experience. On May the 9th, 1885 one
flashed before me in some bushes by the stream side in this
narrow part of our valley. A light load of dust shot was the
means of his finding a resting-place among others of his kind
in my collection, gathered from regions where the Hooded is
more abundant. Three years passed by all but a day, and on
May the 8th, 1888, in an afternoon’s stroll I approached the
same clump of bushes, and lo another Hooded suddenly ap-
peared before me, not two feet from the spot in which I had
seen the first one. Is it possible that he sought his long lost
brother? Ifso, his hope was realized; for they now rest side by
side. An odd coincidence truly, that the only birds of this
species that I have ever seen in this region should have been

CASSINIA, NO. XVIII PLATE III

THE HAUNT OF THE WATER THRUSH

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 21

encountered at widely separated dates, but in the same identi-
cal spot.

Along these steep, wooded hillsides we are almost certain in
summer to hear the loud, rollicking note of the Kentucky
Warbler. Now here is a bird that has unquestionably increased
in numbers in this vicinity in recent years. WhenI was a boy
I never saw the Kentucky along the Tacony, although I was
quite familiar with the species, for it frequented certain similar
valleys lying immediately to the south of Philadelphia, such as
the valleys of Crum Creek, Ridley Creek, Chester Creek ete.
It seemed then as though the great bulk of the city acted as a
barrier to the further progress of the Kentucky so that it did
not come into our more northerly valley. Be that as it may,
it appeared there some twenty years ago and seems to me to
have been steadily on the increase ever since.

At a certain point a small stream draws in from the north-
west, coming down through a charming little wooded valley of
its own. It is my custom in tramping up the Tacony to make
a detour along the course of this smaller stream, returning again
to the main valley. In doing this we first follow upa short
stretch of open meadow and then plunge into a fine bit of thick
growth some twenty feet in height, consisting of willows and
alders and other low trees, overhung in some places with a cur-
tain of wild grape vine. The ground beneath is somewhat
boggy, though to the left is a high and dry wood of tall timber,
and to the right an open hillside. On two occasions I have
found the White-eyed Vireo breeding in this lower growth, and
White-eye is a rather rare summer resident in these parts.
The Tufted Titmouse for some reason seems especially fond
of the high wood to the left. He is almost always there whistl-
ing or scolding, but only once have I been able to find his nest
in all the years that I have passed to and fro beneath these
stately trees.

A short distance beyond we enter a wider piece of woodland
with a swampy centre through which the stream flows. The
spring always seems to make an early start in this protected bit
of marsh, and I come here to find my first Maryland Yellow-
throat, just as I might go to some particular spot to find the first

22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

hepatica or earliest arbutus. This is one of the very few places
on the northern edge of the city where the Worm-eating Warbler
may be found, but it now appears to breed here regularly. Its
history hereabout is identical with that of the Kentucky
Warbler, though it has not yet become so abundant. I never
knew the bird in this immediate region until recent years,
although in my boyhood it was common enough in the valleys
lying just south of Philadelphia. Thus it appears that within
the last thirty years our valley has lost the Rough-winged and
White-bellied Swallows as breeding birds and gained the Ken-
tucky and Worm-eating Warblers.

I do not know why the Rose-breasted Grosbeak should show
such special preference for this bit of woodland through which
we have been passing, but during the spring migrations I seem
to meet with it here much more frequently than elsewhere.
There is a certain group of fine oaks just on the edge of the
wood. When their leaves are the size of squirrels’ ears and dainty
catkins hang trembling on every twig, then is the time one is
most apt to catch the gleam of the stately Rosebreasts moving
among the upper branches against the warm spring sky, though
it may be a mere coincidence with no significance whatever that
I should see this lovely bird so much oftener in this particular
grove than elsewhere. This wood is a favorite haunt of the
Ovenbird. I have several times found his kennel-like nest
along the hillsides, and all day long in summer his lilting note
rings high and clear among the leafy aisles. The Wood Thrush
also is here heard at his best. In the early spring it is a favorite
breeding ground of the Crow. A few years ago I found here a
Cooper’s Hawk nest and an old resident has told me that when

he was a young man, a small colony of Night Herons nested in

this wood.

Circling around a half-stagnant little pond, from which a Green
Heron springs with dangling, yellow legs and ungainly flight, we
turn back on our course and ere long come again into the valley
of the Tacony. There is still a mile of splendid bird-walk
ahead of us. There is meadow and marsh, thicket and wood-
land, steep stream banks, pebbly shores and jutting rocks.
There are ripples and rapids and quiet pools, and the varied
bird-life that goes with these changing conditions.

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 23

At length at the head of a long meadow we come to a good-sized
village, through the centre of which the stream flows. It is the
usual terminus of my walk, and it is the stretch of valley lying
between this village and my home which has taught me more
of bird-life and given me more ornithological thrills than any
other section that I have ever known. Barring some water
birds and a few upland species, I have here seen practically all
the birds of eastern Pennsylvania. I have always felt most grate-
ful to this little valley for all that it has given me, and trust
that the day is far distant when the hard hand of the city shall
be laid upon it.

Individual Variety of Bird Songs

BY HENRY OLDYS

Volume XVII of Cassinia (1918) contains a record of pains-
taking observations made by the editor, Robert Thomas Moore,
of what the author denominates the ‘ call-song’ of the Oven-bird.
Mr. Moore settles authoritatively and finally the disputed ques-
tion of whether or not John Burroughs’ ‘teacher’ characteriza-
tion of the Oven-bird’s song is correct. By a series of notations
that have every evidence of accuracy he demonstrates that Mr.
Burroughs’ characterization is correct as far as if goes, but that
it represents only one of many forms taken by the bird’s song.
I was much pleased to see this article, which is amply supported
in its conclusion by similar material in my own possession. If
necessary I could greatly increase the variety shown, and thus
give added emphasis to this demonstration of the Oven-birds’
versatility as a songster. It is not my purpose to do so at this
time, though I cannot refrain from publishing one unusually
aberrant song I secured from an Oven-bird in the grounds of
the United States Department of Agriculture at Washington
some years ago (Plate lV, Rec. 1). This song was delivered in
the style of a Carolina Wren and with the timbre (quality) of a
Maryland Yellow-throat. Ishould never have attributed it to an
Oven-bird, bad I not seen the singer, which, fortunately, was
perched on a low tree and afforded me two or three minutes of
close and perfectly satisfactory inspection.

Let me advert also to one point concerning the ‘‘teacher’’
song which seems to have escaped attention, viz: that it isa
northern song. I have heard it many times, but never south of
Vermont. Mr. Moore’s records were obtained, he informs us,
in New Jersey and Maine, and I will venture to suggest that if
he will examine them, he will find that all those in which the
first note of each couplet was accented were secured in Maine.

(24)

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 2p

The northern birds are not confined to this form, nor are the
southern birds confined to any particular form; but the
‘‘teacher’’ song is, apparently, used only by northern birds.
Nor do they so far as my experience may be taken as a guide,
ever sing it while on their migratory journeys through more
southerly states.

Individual variety may be found in the songs of most, if not
all, other species. Even the humbler vocalists, such as the
Black-capped Chickadee, the Black and White Warbler, the
Maryland Yellow-throat, and others of this less musically ex-
alted type, exhibit marked variety in the simple songs they
utter. Let us take the Chickadee as an example. My obser-
vation has been chiefly of the southern form carolinensis, though
I have noted considerable variety in the singing of atricapilla
also, and could doubtless show its repertoire to be as varied as
that of its southern congener, had as much attention been devoted
to one as to the other. In the case of the Carolina Chickadee I
have notations of nineteen different songs, besides five or six
slight variations of these. This does not include any of the six
or seven distinct and separate call-notes; nor does it, of course,
include any songs of which I made no musical record. On one
warm day in late summer—the 22d of September,—when the
thermometer registered a maximum temperature of 98° (are-
markable record for a period when Washington is usually enjoy-
ing its first frosts of the season), one Chickadee, out of a flock
that I was observing, uttered nine or ten different songs and
calls, most of them newto me. Idid not note these on the staff:
had I done so, the foregoing totals would have been materially
increased. And there have been other occasions when I might
have added to my records, but did not do so.

One common form of song with the Chickadees of the neigh-.
borhood of Washington—the southern form (I have never noted
the northern form here)—is noted in Rec. 2. Another is shown
in Rec. 3. This last I usually refer to in my notes as the early
spring song of the Chickadee, not because it is confined to the sea-
son when the bonds of winter are beginning to relax their grip,
but because it has often happened to be the first song to break
the long silence of winter. It is a welcome herald of the season:

26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

of song. Yet winter with us is not absolutely silent. Though
songs are rare at this season, still even on inclement and typic-
ally wintry days one may occasionally hear a bit of cheery
music from a Song Sparrow, Carolina Wren, or Chickadee ;
while on those calm vernal days that sometimes ensconce them-
selves in the very heart of winter, Cardinal, Bluebird, Tufted
‘Titmouse, Meadowlark, White-throated Sparrow, Field Sparrow,
Tree Sparrow, or Junco may try its voice; though seldom does
one hear more than one or two of these species at once.

My records attest that I have heard Chickadee songs in every
month of the year except June, and that this exception is
merely accidental I have no doubt. Yet never have I noted
the well-known two (sometimes three) note song of the
northern Chickadee—the so-called ‘phoebe’ note—in this lat-
itude. It may be that some of the minor songs—those num-
‘erous combinations of glassy notes the Chickadee delights
in—which I have ascribed to the Carolina Chickadee were ut-
tered by the northern bird, which has many similar phrases at
its command ; but the clearly whistled song of atricapilla has
never greeted my ears in the vicinity of Washington.

Anent this song, so frequently referred to as the ‘ phcebe’ note
of the Chickadee, let me say a word or two. The name was
originally used by Thoreau and was by him evidently applied
to the ordinary spring song of the northern Chickadee, as it has
been applied by others ever since. The characterization is only
fairly good ; for the Chickadee song is a clear whistle, while
Pheebe’s note is of mixed quality. Phcebe’s voice is a very high
tenor ; that of Chickadee is nearer a childish or feminine treble.
Chickadee’s note can be imitated perfectly by the human whistle,
but Pheebe’s cannot. But both Chickadees utter a phrase that
is truly entitled to be called the phebe note—a reproduction of
Pheebe’s song so nearly exact that in four successive springs it
misled me into the belief that the Pheebe had arrived from the
South. This is the real phebe note of the Chickadee, not the
clear-toned whistle of atricapilla.

The singing of the Robin shows great individual variety. By
this I do not mean to imply that one Robin will vary his songs
according to the time of day or condition of the weather—I

CASSINIA, NO. XVIITL. PLATE IV.

Song Records.

Oven- bird.

, Gece Bra.
}-84. Chickadee

a Pg\ «24 Fa 7]
45 228.2446 974448211

Gumus See zeseecensea: 4

2 TS Ba, Pj _ la — Ws

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 27

have never observed any such adaptation of Robin music, —but
that each individual Robin has his own particular phrases, by
which he may be distinguished from all other Robins by the
close observer. Records 4, 5, and 6 show some different Robin
phrases I have secured. The phrases given in Record 4 were
followed by two or three other phrases, some moving upward
instead of downward ; the little run from ¢ to e in Record 5 was
very clean cut ; while the song, reproduced in Record 6, was
beautifully clear.

Most Robin songs have little melodious coherency, but I have
noted a number of exceptions to this rule. I once heard three
related phrases (Rec. 7) sung by a Robin, usually though not
invariably, in the order here given. It will be observed that
the three taken together form one melodious whole. Another
Robin sang a six-phrase song, as indicated in Record 8. The
bird sometimes varied this song slightly and sang also a num-
ber of other combinations. I would direct especial attention
to the fact that the first three of these phrases were in dominant
harmony while the last three were in tonic harmony, which
makes the whole song very well balanced. Other examples of
more or less melodious combinations of phrases, heard at vari-
ous places, both north and south, might be given did space
permit.

Sometimes a Robin will depart from convention and utter a
song that is very unlike the normal Robin song in style.
Thus, afew years agoa Robin was wont to greet meas I re-
turned to my home of a summer afternoon with the continuous
melody shown in Record 9. And one April day I heard a
Robin in the grounds of the United States Department of Agri-
culture singing a sub voce song (Rec. 10) that was also decidedly
aberrant.

A notable difference is observable in the quality of voice and
style of different Robins. One, as though greatly pressed by
the stress and strenuousness of this life, will utter a high-pitched
hurried, eager song, that communicates a spirit of unrest
to the listener and creates a hope that the feverish singer may be
moved to take up his summer’s abode at some far-distant point.
Another, disposed apparently to take life more easily, will sing

28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

on a lower pitch and with a less excited tempo. Another, re-
membering, perhaps, that he is a thrush, will sing still more
deliberately and with a thrush-like quality of tone that is a
joy to hear. On the other hand there are some whose voices are
thick and throaty and lack the clear bell-like tone that is usually
characteristic of Robin music. On account of these differences it.
may or it may not be desirable from the musical point of view
to have a Robin fora permanent neighbor. His singing may
be a delight, or it may be very wearisome to the nerves.

Yet greater variety is noticeable in the songs of Meadowlarks.
Like the Chickadee, Song Sparrow, Wood Thrush, and many
other birds, each Meadowlark has a more or less extensive
repertory of songs; while the individual differences are so
great that it is rather rare that one hears a duplication of phrases
by separate birds. I have such a wealth of Meadowlark songs
among my records that it is difficult to choose which to present
here. However, I shall select a few that best exhibit the great
diversity that exists among them. One song (Rec. 11) I heard
on the 4th of April, 1905. Another, heard on the 38rd of the fol-
lowing March, (Rec. 12) makes an appropriate musical response
—or would do so were the two in the same key. It furnishes a
pretty bit of ascending melody in waltz time. The third, (Rec.
13) heard at 5 p.m. on the 13th of the preceding June, offers a
descending waltz theme. The fourth, (Rec. 14) sung on the
twelfth of April, 1906, was one of four or five different themes
uttered by one bird within a few minutes. These four were all
heard near North Takoma, a Maryland suburb of Washington,
D.C:

On May 1, 1906, two birds I heard near Washington, Pa.,
gave me two very diverse songs (Recs. 15 and 16). The sec-
ond of these songs is quite aberrant in style from ordinary Mea-
dowlark music. At North Takoma again, on the 7th of June,
1906, I heard the phrase shown in Record 17 sung in beautifully
clear, liquid, and penetrating tones. A few days later, at the
same spot—a large field that was a most popular Meadowlark
resort—I heard the attractive phrases shown in Record 18
sung antiphonally by two birds. The motive of this duet might
have been taken almost bodily from Verdi’s ‘ La Donna e Mobile’

CASSINIA, NO. XVIII. PLATE V.

Song Records.

Meadowlark. ag
4-168. : SoM A ~ Jriogteadow!

3=68

Meadowlark. EET ES

Meadowlark.
d= 120:

380. Meadow ae
- tz. iz: ip 2 [) A s ——~ :
15 Hat * Ee Z Pattus
SS NE On Se STE]

d=80. RC
AD Ae i 4
ee 18. CaP
IE Meadowlark.

ie 3144

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 29

in the opera of Rigoletto. On July 14, 1909, near my present
home, two miles farther into Maryland, I heard the theme,
shown in Record 19 which, though it has a ponderous look, was
sung with graceful slurs that robbed it of all heaviness.

Two more only will I select out of my large store—I have 118
notations of songs of the eastern Meadowlark. One was sung
near my home on the 4th of July, 1911, without the usual
Meadowlark portamento slur, and even slightly staccato (Rec. 20).
The other was given on the 7th of June, 1913, by a Setauket,
Long Island, Meadowlark (Rec. 21). In the last example the
first three notes were perfectly true to our scale and were
staccato. The last three were not quite so true. The final note
was a tsee, like one of the afternotes of a Wood Thrush, though
less emphatic and not so metallic.

I could tell also of a flight-song, an ecstatic warble like that of
an Indigo Bunting and uttered in like manner while descending
from a height ; of the geographic difference in voice and style of
song between Meadowlarks of the Middle West and those east of
the Alleghanies, birds that are not even subspecifically differen-
tiated ; of different degrees in beauty of tone or adherence to the
intervals of the diatonic scale ; of variant lengths of songs, ranging
from two notes to a dozen or more ; of differences in what seems
to be actual appreciation of melodic beauty on the birds’ part.
I could also take up many other species of song-birds and show
that the same rule of individual variety holds with each. But
my paper is already too long and I will content myself with
letting the case rest here, satisfied if I shall have aided in awak-
ening in the minds of any of the readers of Cassinia a new and
fuller sense of the great variety in the songs of the birds.

Summer in the Poconos
BY CORNELIUS WEYGANDT

It may have been that it was because our arrival was almost
two weeks earlier than it had been the previous year ; it may
have been because the solid fruit of the oxheart cherry was just
reddening toward the sun; it may have been because the dry
weather of the previous summer prevented the usual drowning
out of innumerable fledglings ;—but from some cause or other
there were many more birds about our home in Buck Hill Falls
when we arrived there on June 25, 1909, than there had been
when we arrived there on July 6, 1908. This day of our arri-
val was the warmest day the summer had yet brought, almost
the warmest it was to bring, but birds were about our cottage in
great plenty, and in evidence through incessant song. Catbirds
and Wrens and Robins were busy with broods, but unwontedly
noisy for a late afternoon that was as hot and humid as mid-
day. In the after supper time that on more propitious days
would have been the cool of the evening Chewink and Oven-bird
and Indigo Bunting sang nearby. After dark a Chipping Spar-
row trilled time after time, the more often perhaps since he had
had little to say earlier because of the heat. Before the Chipping
Sparrow had done a Whip-poor-will began to call, coming nearer
and nearer, until, when he took up his station on the woodshed
roof, he was so close at hand you could here the cluck prelim-
inary to each utterance of his cry. Next morning the Robin
chorus was so loud it woke me even before there was red in the
eastern sky. I lay abed until its first burst had ended, then
hung out the eastern window to drink in what freshness the
night had brought,—it had brought little alleviation of the heat.
As I watched the glow creep into the eastern sky and then
spread low over the Pike Country barrens a Catbird began to
sing, sing as I had never heard a Catbird sing before, more won-
derfully than even a Mockingbird I had listened to one moon-

(30)

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 31

light night fifteen years before, a night far more terrible in its
heat than this had been, a night so hot that I think none of us
in the Green Springs Valley, westward of Baltimore, slept at all
from bedtime until sunrise. There was coolness in this Cat-
bird’s voice ; his notes were cool flames, the eastern ruddiness
transmuted into sound, cool flames that played up about the
dooryard thicket as lovelily as Loki’s fire-music in the Rhein-
gold. Isuppose it was the ‘‘morning redness’’ that brought
Loki to my mind, and it was undoubtedly this that brought to
me thoughts of Jacob Boehme. I wondered had any of the Ger-
man immigrants to Pennsylvania, to whom Boehme was ‘“‘a light
in this world’s darkness’’, thought of him on like mornings two
hundred years ago, when they, too, were watching the ‘‘ morn-
ing redness’’, perhaps with prayer on their lips and ecstasy in
their hearts.
_ My Catbird sang long and when he did come to an end, what
I thought a new song set me hunting its singer, who turned out
to be, when I at length located him, a Baltimore Oriole. His
song was individual, but it was not beautiful, the only unbeau-
tiful Oriole song I ever heard among these hills. Bluebirds
warbled about the house all day, and Barn Swallows again and
again passed twittering, and the Solitary Vireo many times
bubbled up his song from the patch of woods westward. Red-
eyes were as vociferous as could be, morning, noon and evening,
and Cedarbirds and Tanagers, respectively quiet and talkative,
came every few minutes to help the Robins and Chipping Spar-
rows strip the oxheart tree of its cherries. The day’s end was
memorable for the two Wood Thrushes that sang from the trees
of the little place, their first visit here so far as I can remember.
As soon as I began to resume my old walks all the birds so
familiar hereabouts were come upon again, in the very same
places as in former years ; for they are very local, as indeed are
the rarer birds everywhere, in my experience. The very frequent
hearing of Cuckoo voices was a feature of these walks, the cooing
of both the Yellowbill and the more mellow-voiced Blackbill
being very often heard. The Sloitary Vireos, too, had in-
creased. I never heard their songs so often before, and each.
hearing of it increased my liking for its full and delightful war-

32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

‘bling. There were more Redstarts, too, which, are singularly
rare in this region. Woodcocks were the new bird of this sum-
mer, two families in swamps about a mile apart being frequently
seen, though they were more resolute in refusing to be flushed
until you were about to put your foot in the tussock where they
were hiding, than even Woodcocks usually are. The varieties
listed this summer totaled at sixty-nine.

Up to within four days of our leaving Buck Hill it had seemed
that the summer was to pass without our having any notable
experience with the birds. There had been the pleasant belief,
gradually deepening until certainty was reached, that there were
more Hermit Thrushes than there had been; there was the
equal certainty that the Eave Swallows were greatly diminished,
the barn that bore fifty-one nests in 1905 having but three in
1909 ; and there had been the little spectacle, interesting, and,
to me, new, of seeing a Chipping Sparrow chase a female Cow-
bird on its every appearance one morning on our place, as, it is
said, so many European birds chase the Cuckoo. But there
had been nothing distinctive to the summer, only the old pleas-
ures, deepening with each experiencing. There had been a joy
in Robin song never known at home, for here many Robins sing
as beautifully as Orchard Orioles. There had been eager drink-
ings-in of the ecstasies of the Solitary Vireo and marvelings at
the swift drivings of Doves over the high barrens. There had
been many things good ornithologically other than these, but
no bird hitherto unmet recorded, no new song heard, no new
habit of old friends discovered, save perhaps the Chipping
Sparrow’s behavior with the Cowbird. Nor was there to be any
experience startlingly new, but there was on Wednesday, Au-
gust 4, an afternoon’s visit to a Cardinal swamp that brought
me face to face with a miniature warbler migration.

It was about quarter after four that I came out of the dark-
ness of the rhododendron-thicketed tall swamp into the open
where the old-field white birches shivered in a light stir of wind.
I heard twitters and calls as I came into the strong sunlight.
For a week and more song had almost ceased. This afternoon
I had heard as yet but a Song Sparrow sing, and in several days
before only the Hermit Thrush and Chipping Sparrow and Tan-

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 33

ager and Redeye and Yellowbird, with broken notes from Indigo
Buntings and Robins and Wrens. The warblers had been all
but silent, and when you came upon one who had something
to say his song was broken, as much as you could expect being
a lisp from a Magnolia, a shattered trill from a Canadian or the
faintest nasality from a Black-throated Blue. Not only had
they been as a rule silent, but I had come upon only one or two
aday. Here in the Cardinal swamp I was at once aware of
many, from dartings between birch and wild-apple, and from
broken bits of song and twitters on all sides. There must have
been a hundred birds about, more than I had seen in any one day
for a month, save where swallows were gathered on the wires pre-
paring for their southward movement. The Black and White
Creepers were most in evidence. There were young and old of
them, some in half song, and all twittering and scolding. The
next bird I identified was a young Chestnut-sided Warbler,
rather unlike his brilliantly arrayed father of June; the next
was another Chestnut-sided Warbler, and the next and the next.
Then I saw Redstarts, flirting out their fantails as usual when
on the move. There must have been a family of them at least,
all in subdued colors. Then I came upon a Nashville Warbler,
a rare bird about here, and previously come across only in the
September migration. There were several of these natty fellows,
bright yellow below and dark ashy and olive-green on their
backs, and with prominent eye-ring of white. They moved
about more slowly than most warblers, with something of the
deliberation of the Redeye, who soon nosed in among them.
With the warblers was a family of Chickadees, the father,
moth-eaten from his moult, still phoebeing as he secured prov-
ender for his family. More active than any of these busy little
fellows, warbler or Titmouse, were the Hummingbirds, busy as
bees about the many cardinal spikes in the dry wallows. A
Song Sparrow, songless, fluttered about among the meadow-
sweet, and a great clumsy Flicker stumbled over his feet under
the tall huckleberry bushes, making as much noise as if he
were a magnified Chewink. This completed the list of birds
within the swamp, but from the wild-apple thicket that wedged
into the tall gums and poplars and oaks of its environs a

34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Hermit Thrush gently swept the silver strings of his high-
pitched harp. I came upon him as I started out to the road
and I followed him as he flew from tree to tree, resting on a
dead limb every twenty paces, to tilt gently his tail and to
touch again those silver-ringing strings.

Again before I left I was to come on another gathering of
warblers. <A little before seven o’clock on the morning of
August 6 I went down into the glen of the Buck Hill stream.
I followed the drive down to where rhododendron thicket and
open woods meet within hearing of the falling water. I had
sat here only a few minutes when I heard chickadees, which
proved to be the heralds of a little warbler host. In another
few minutes they were all about me, playing their various roles
of flycatcher, creeper, vireo,—all of whose ways are in the
repertoire of the warblers. First I identified a Magnolia ; then
the little fellows, with two yellow wingbars, green back and
gray breast, I took to be young Chestnut-sided Warblers.
Among these was another fellow, similar save he had but one
white wingbar and was yellower beneath. Canadian Warblers
were very numerous and one soon sang his full song from a
laurel not ten feet from me. Redstarts in dull plumage flirted
by higher up in the trees and a Black-throated Blue sent out
his full complement of nasal notes. Black and White Creepers
were present, too, and, gradually, increased to profusion.
They sang, tszitted, and worked over everything from ground to
tree tops. There was no cessation of the song of the Black and
White Creepers and Canadian Warblers, and every once in
awhile a Redstart would sing. The Blackthroat was least
noisy of them all.

What was this movement? There were fully two hundred
birds in all in it,—I counted over a hundred as they crossed the
road southward and I noted as I counted that very few re-
crossed again northward. This is a far greater number than
you would see here, at least together, in June or July. Was it
an assembly for migration? Against this theory is the fact that
in previous years I had found Blackthroats and Black and
White Creepers here in September. Perhaps it was the late
summer flocking that precedes migration with most birds.

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 35

Perhaps some would be off before the morrow, the Magnolias
and Canadians and Redstarts most likely. The night before I
had heard in the clear starlight before the moon rose many war-
bler notes from low-passing southing birds.

It must have been a migration in little, I think ; perhaps only
the going-down of the Redstarts and Canadians to the lower
valley of Broadhead’s Creek, as I had found was the self-dis-
posal of the Great-crests that had all disappeared by July 15,
but which I found in plenty two weeks later down the valley,
where Stony Creek joins the larger stream. I think it was a
warbler migration in little because on my walk over the same
ground the next morning, August 7, I saw only Black and White
Creepers and Black-throated Blues and heard no warbler songs
but theirs.

On the eve of our leaving I heard no Wood Robins or when,
on August 8, I got back to the Wissahickon home, but the
night before we left I heard Hermit Thrushes as full-voiced
and eager to sing as in June. I went up the observatory on Buck
Hill for a last look over the uplands, without thought of the
thrushes, for I had never heard them there. It was halfpast seven
when I reached the observatory. I sat there watching the mists
and the oncoming night blotting out the hills. The Blue Moun-
tain was but discernible, nothing more. The valley fog was
rising from all the streams, although the country was very dry,
suffering indeed from a great drought. High Knob in Pike
County was fading away toward the northeast. Not a bird
called until, just after I had taken in these details of the land-
scape all around, a distant tinkle of thrush music rang far off
across the scrub. The singer came nearer and nearer, until I
could see him as he sang from the dead top of a chestnut close
by. Others joined in the song to the departing day, one by
one, until three more were in hearing, but none of them was as
this bird, full-voiced,—less metallic than is wont to be the
Hermit’s song, with his notes as fresh as if he had just come
home. During his singing a Flicker rattled out his spring song
and a Chewink called good-night, but the Thrush had the last
word, silver-voiced and lonely.

Bird Notes

Recorps oF UNUSUAL OccURRENCES For 1914. !

Wilson’s Petrel. Maurice Riv. Cove, N. J. (Prince) June 11.
Hooded Merganser. Marple, Pa. (Culver) Jan. 1.
Canvas-back. Cooper’s Creek, N. J. (Potter) Feb. 27.
King Rail. Bridesburg, Pa. (Miller) Dec. 1913.
Piping Plover. Cape May, N. J. (Culver) Sept. 7 and 13,
1913.
Goshawk. Wayne, Pa. (Pearson) March 29.
Frankford, Pa. (Miller) Feb. 28.
Saw-whet Owl. Gloucester, N. J. (Potter) Feb. 4-21.
Kennett Square, Pa. (C. A. Thomas) Dec.
LSE MS) bss.
Snowy Owl. Bridesburg, Pa. (Miller) Dec. 1913.
Sandiford, Pa. (Miller) Nov. 1913.
Red-headed Woodpecker. Haddonfield, N. J. (Moore) July
13.
Crossbill. Swarthmore, Pa. (Palmer) Mar. 22.
Redpoll. Observed by Culver, Pearson, Potter, Roberts and
Thomas. See Migration Report.
Snow Bunting. West Chester, Pa. (Hhinger) Mar. 2.
Camden, N. J. (Potter) Feb. 25-27.
Delair, N. J. (Miller) Feb.
White-crowned Sparrow. Moorestown, N. J. (Mickle) May
13 and 17.
Lincoln’s Sparrow. West Philadelphia. (Stone) May 2.
Chewink. Camden, N. J. (Potter and Culver) Dec. 25, 19138.
Frankford, Pa. (Miller) Dec. 3, 1913.

1These records are unusual, either on account of locality or date. For
details see Migration Report.

( 36 )

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 37

Prothonotary Warbler. Maurice R. Swamp, N. J. (Potter)
June 16.

Tennessee Warbler. West Philadelphia. (Stone) Oct. 1, 1918.

Cape May Warbler. Noted by many observers both spring
and fall.

Cerulean Warbler. West Chester, Pa. (EHhinger) May 9.

Mockingbird. Frankford, Pa. (R. F. Miller) Oct. 3, 1913.

Moorestown, N. J. (Wiermann) Mar. 22.
Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. Cape May, N. J. (Hand) May 17.

Kennett Square, Pa. (C. A. Thomas)
Apr. 19.

Report on the Spring Migration of 1914

COMPILED BY WITMER STONE

The efforts of the committee to secure additional observers for
the season of 1914 met with gratifying success and reports were
returned by 80 persons. It is to be hoped that both old and
new members of the migration corps will be stimulated to con-
tinue with the work. Information and blank schedules may be
obtained at any time from Dr. Witmer Stone, Academy of
Natural Sciences, Logan Square.

SUGGESTIONS FOR OBSERVERS

The following suggestions are made for the guidance of ob-
servers. ‘The value of all records depends upon their accuracy,
and any recommendations that make for increased accuracy,
are of the utmost importance both to the observers and to the
users of the report.

1. Every observer should familiarize himself with the usual
time of arrival of each species in his neighborhood (see appended
list). With the exception of the February and March migrants,
the time of arrival of most species varies only a few days, so
that a remarkably early occurrence demands very careful and
positive identification as it is always suggestive of an error on
the part of the observer.

2. The record of a very rare or unusual species should be ac-
companied by some statement of : (1) how the identification
was made; i. e. distinctive markings noted, or peculiarities of
song or action; (2) the length and character of the observation ;
(3) whether the observer was previously acquainted with the
species. The committee always reserves the privilege of pub-
lishing only such records as it feels absolutely sure of, since the
real benefit or detriment to science lies in the act of publication.
We do not wish to advocate the killing of every rare bird in
order to make identification sure, and must therefore take the
greatest care to publish only such sight records as will occasion

no question of accuracy.
(38)

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB, 3u

3. Observers should take care to familiarize themselves with
the differences between closely related species which are often
confused, i. e., White-crowned and adult White-throated Spar-
rows (which have white crowns); Least and Acadian Fly-
catchers; the two Water-Thrushes; Olive-backed and Gray-
cheeked Thrushes which are equally abundant here; Rusty
Blackbirds and female Purple Grackles, etc. Specimens of all
these may be seen in Dr. Stone’s room at the Academy.

4, Please follow exactly the instructions on the schedule and
do not write in additional species between the lines, as this causes
great annoyance to the compiler and is likely to result in the
omission of such records altogether.

5. Following are the average dates of first arrival and ‘‘ bulk
arrival’? for the species on the schedule, arranged in order of
“‘bulk arrival.’’ In all cases ‘‘bulk arrival’’ is intended to
denote the date upon which the species reached half of the
stations within the Philadelphia ten-mile radius, the last quarter
of the arrival records for each species being rejected in the com-
putation as being probably not the real dates of first arrival at
those localities.

as | AS
Name. aus | sas

9S" Sica

< <
Purple Grackle. : i : . |Feb. 22\Feb. 28
Bluebird ; f i : i Se Med lid Mare |) 2
Robin . : fh : i : . |Feb. 14/Mar. 2
Fox Sparrow . : 4 l ; Hoaveard al Miar (77
Meadowlark . f : y -: |Feb.. 6|Mar. 8
Red-winged Blackbird f i , Maren votMar.) (10
Killdeer. . ¥ : f avery | 2\ Mar) \ 20
Flicker . I ‘ ‘ : Wiel: eg Mar.) 9 IN
Rusty Blackbird i : : : a Mar: to! Mar)” 20
Phoebe . : i ‘ 4 : HW vere ie Marat (Deh
Field Catal , : : ‘ . |Mar. 4/Mar. 22
Dove. i d : 5 . (Mar. 7|Mar. 22

Cowbird j A ‘ A ihe Mar. 15'Mar. 25

40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

£4 St
a AL
NAME aie a c
‘ m > ~ >
2 Oe POH
< <
Kingfisher. ; : , : . |Mar. 14/Mar. 29
Vesper Sparrow. : , : . |Mar. 16/Mar. 30
Canada Goose. : : : : oi Marie ¢4
Cedarbird . : : : } falar, 2.7
Turkey Vulture. : 4 : yet Mar enied
Savannah Sparrow . : , , . |Mar. 16
Night Heron . : ‘ : : a Mar ao
Swamp Sparrow . s ; i . |Mar. 29
Osprey . : , i A . |Mar. 30
Chipping Sparrow : i : 5 .. \Mar. 22)Aypril at
Purple Martin : : : .» (Mar. . 29|Aprilia
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker : : . \Mar, 29 Apmliine
Hermit Thrush : : : . » |April’ 1 Aspniaaat
Ruby-crowned Kinglet . : A . {April 2jApril 14
Yellow Palm Warbler . A : . {April 10j|April 16
Chewink : . ; A . {Mar. 21/April 19
Brown Thrasher . 4 : : . (April April 22°
Tree Swallow. : : : : . {April 8jApril 22'
Barn Swallow. , : : : . {April 10)April 22
Bank Swallow : : : ‘ . {April 14/April 22
Cliff Swallow . : : : ; . April 29
Rough-winged Swallow . : : . |April 13j|April 23
Chimney Swift . L 4 : . {April 17|April 23:
Pine Warbler . : : : : . | April 20
Myrtle Warbler. : A : . {Mar. 29)April 24
Solitary Vireo. : : i : . {April 24)April 26
House Wren . : 4 . {April 21jApril 26
Black and White Warbler. : . {April 18)April 26.
Spotted Sandpiper . ; A : . {April 12/April 27
Maryland Yellow-throat . : ; . {April 21/April 28
Green Heron . ‘ , : . |April 21/April 29
Wood Thrush. 4 : : : . {April 24|April 30
Catbird . : : : , : . |April 21/April 30:
Oven-bird . : : ; : . {April 26/April 30:
Yellow Warbler. t : . {April 24|April 30
Grasshopper Sparrow . ‘ : . |April 21'April 30
Prairie Warbler. : aioli Manin el

Wilson’s Thrush (Veery) : ‘ . ‘April 26May 2

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB, 41

NAME.

Whip-poor-will.
White-eyed Vireo .
Least Flycatcher

Black-throated Green Warbler.

Parula Warbler
Redstart. :
Water-Thrush :
Crested Flycatcher .
Kingbird ;
Red-headed Woodpecker.

Black-throated Blue Warbler

Yellow-throated Vireo
Baltimore Oriole
Solitary Sandpiper .
Orchard Oriole , ;
Chestnut-sided Warbler .
Blue-winged Warbler
Kentucky Warbler.
Scarlet Tanager

Acadian Flycatcher
Red-eyed Vireo
Indigobird

Worm-eating Warbler
Rose-breasted Grosbeak .
Chat. : :
Warbling Vireo.
Magnolia Warbler .
Bobolink :
Olive-backed Thrush
Blackburnian Warbler
Black-poll Warbler.
Hummingbird

Wood Pewee .
Gray-cheeked Thrush
Yellow-billed Cuckoo
Black-billed Cuckoo
Long-billed Marsh Wren
Canada Warbler f
Nighthawk

of First Ar-

Average Date
rival.

of Bulk Ar-

Average Date
rival.

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~AD, PROCEEDINGS OF THE
Observers for the Spring of 1914 were as follows :

New Jersey
Cape May, H. Walker Hand.
Atlantic City, Mrs. Norma S. Cromie.
Salem, Benjamin A. Carpenter.
Salem, Mrs. Horace S. Foster.
Salem, Mrs. William Johnson.
Pennsgrove, Garnett Summerill.
Woodstown, Helen C. Woodruff.
Vineland, Mrs. Alice K. Prince.
Donnstown, William W. Fair.
Atco, Harry L. Pyle.
Laurel Springs, Miss Cora E. Tomlinson.
“Camden, Julian K. Potter.
Audubon, Joseph W. Tatum.
Haddonfield, Samuel N. Rhoads.
Haddonfield, Robert T. Moore.
Moorestown, Anna A. Mickle.
Moorestown, Dr. S. 8. Haines.
Moorestown, Margaret S. Roberts.
Moorestown, M. Albert Linton.
Moorestown, Mrs. Victor Wierman.
Rancocas, Emily Haines.
Beverley, David G. Baird.
Bordentown, Minnie V. Flynn.
Yardville, Rachel E. Allinson.
Allentown, Miss Mary Emma Gordon.
Trenton (38 miles s.), Richard M. Abbott.
Bernardsville, John Dryden Kuser.

Pennsylvania

Kennett Square, C. Aubrey Thomas.
Concordville, Mrs. K. R. and Miss E. P. Styer.
Media, Sanford Omensetter.

Media, J. Percy Moore.

Media, S. Earl Riddle.

Media, Lydia G. Allen.

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 43

Media, Francis C. Beekley.

Moylan, Benjamin F, Whitson.
Swarthmore, Dr. Samuel C. Palmer.
Swarthmore, Frances B. Stokes.
Swarthmore, H. M. Harrower.
Swarthmore, Philip E. Howard, Jr.
Addingham, Delos E. Culver.
Lansdowne, Louisa M. Jacob.
Lansdowne, John D. Carter.

Aldan, Christine C. Morley.

West Philadelphia, Thos. R. Hill.
Germantown, Arthur C. Emlen.
Chestnut Hill, Wm. H. Trotter.
Chestnut Hill, Chas. Platt, 3rd.
Olney, Joseph C. Sudders.

Melrose, Samuel H. Barber.
Frankford, Richard T. Miller.
Holmesburg, Henry W. Fowler.
Ardmore, William L. Baily.
Haverford, William J. Serrill.
Haverford, George H. Hallett, Jr.
Bryn Mawr, Miss Emily H. Thomas.
Rosemont, Samuel Scoville Jr.
Wayne, Leonard 8. Pearson.

Wayne, Miss Edith B. Emerson.
Wayne, Mrs. M. V. Alexander.
Wayne, Miss Mary K. Baker.
Wayne, Miss Helen Morris.

Wayne, Miss Mary B. Morrison.
Wayne, Mrs. J. Dutton Steele.
Newtown Square, Miss Josephine A. Morris.
Westtown, Wm. B. Evans, Clifford Jones and Turner Moon.
West Chester, Robert P. Sharples.
West Chester, Isaac G. Roberts.
West Chester, Miss S. C. De Haven.
West Chester, Dr. C. E. Ehinger.
West Chester, Mrs. Hugh P. Brinton.
Newtown, Alexander Patman.

44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Newtown, Nancy Emhardt.

Doylestown, Mrs. Irvin M. James.

Doylestown, George MacReynolds.

Forest Grove, Miss Anna K. Bewley.

Buckingham, Miss Elizabeth C. Cox.

Mechanicsville, William E. Wilson.

Easton, Edward J. F. Marx.

State College, C. Russell Mason.

Lopez, Otto Behr.

The spring of 1914 was distinctly a late one: both February
and March were cold, and there was more or less snow on the
ground from February 11 to March 13, although the early
winter had been open.

A sudden rise in temperature on March 15 with clear weather
brought the advance of the migrants—Grackles, Robins, Fox
Sparrows, Redwings and Killdeers.

Another marked rise on the 26th and 27th brought Phoebes,
Cowbirds and Kingfishers. Later the coincidence between
temperature changes and migratory movements is less marked,
and the dates of bulk arrival of species arriving at the same
time does not show as uniform a departure from the normal
as has been the case in some years, viz. (—, late; +, early):

Purple Grackle . ‘ : 4 4 : . — 12 days.
Robin , : : i 4 : ‘ .)) = Se
Fox Sparrow. ; : : f ‘ .
Red-winged Blackbird : i : : _
Kildeer. : : ‘ : : ‘ =>
Flicker . ? : : ; : 3 _
Phoebe . ; : : , 3 : —
Field Sparrow . : ; : , : _—
Cowbird : 4 : : ; : Sees
Kingfisher. : 5 ; : : : ~ +
Vesper Sparrow. : : : i =
Chipping Sparrow. é : 4 e =
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker . : ;
Hermit Thrush . : : : : . =
Ruby-crowned Kinglet ‘ i é _

—

let
BrPwWNOaADrFRNAINNHN SO

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB,

Yellow Palm Warbler
Chewink

Barn Swallow

Brown Thrasher.

Chimney Swift .

House Wren . , ,
Black and White Warbler .
Spotted Sandpiper
Maryland Yellow-throat
Grasshopper Sparrow.
Yellow Warbler.

Catbird

Oven-bird .

Wood Thrush

Redstart

Parula Warbler.

Crested Flycatcher
Kingbird .

Baltimore Oriole 4 :
Black-throated Blue Warbler
Scarlet Tanager .
Blue-winged Warbler.
Chestnut-sided Warbler
Red-eyed Vireo .
Rose-breasted Grosbeak
Yellow-breasted Chat.
Indigobird

Magnolia Warbler
Bobolink . : 3
Olive-backed Thrush.
Hummingbird .

Wood Pewee.
Black-poll Warbler
Yellow-billed Cuckoo.
Gray-cheeked Thrush.
Canada Warbler.

Night Hawk

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50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Inst of Other Species Reported by Observers during 1914, and
Additional Notes on Species Contained in the Schedule.
Autumn Dates Refer to Autumn of 1913.

Unless Otherwise Stated*

Horned Grebe, Colymbus auritus, Kennett Square, female Apr.
16 (Thomas) ; State College, May 12 (Mason) ; Doylestown, Apr.
21 (MacReynolds) ; Fish House, N. J. Apr. 19-28 (Potter) ;
Addingham (probably this species) Apr. 18 (Culver).

Pied-billed Grebe, Podilymbus podiceps, Fish House, N. J.,
Apr. 25 (Potter) ; Audubon, N. J. two Apr. 6 (Tatum).

Loon, Gaviaimmer, Bridesburg, Oct 9, 1913 (Miller) ; Maurice
River, N. J. Nov. 11, 1918 (Prince) ; Fish House, N. J. Apr.
19—May 24 (Potter) ; Cape May, N. J. Apr. 4 and flock on Apr.
24 (Hand) ; Atlantic City, N. J. Apr. 18 (Cromie) ; Haverford,
May 3, flying north (Serrill).

Black-backed Gull, Larus marinus, Avalon, N. J. Sept. 12-17
(Prince).

Herring Gull, Larus argentatus, arrived Atlantic City, N. J.
Aug. 27, 1913 (Cromie) mouth of Maurice River, N. J., Aug. 28
(Prince) ; Corson’s Inlet, N. J., Aug. 80 (Culver) ; last seen,
Atlantic City, N. J. May 16 (Crone) ; Camden, N. J. May 5
(Potter). Observed inland Mar. 12 flying N. E. at Lansdowne
(1), Darby (3), Sharon Hill (14), Glenolden (6), Norwood
(15) and on Mar. 17 Lansdowne (9) flying N. (Carter).

Laughing Gull, Larus atricilla, Cape May, N. J. arrived April
26 (Hand).

Bonaparte’s Gull, Larus philadelphia, Fish House, N. J. April
fq), April) 22 (15) (Potter); Oct. 21) 1913" C7) ian
Chester, several April 18 (Carter).

Black Tern, Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis, Fish House,
N. J. May 14 one watched for half an hour at distance of 20 yds.
(Potter). :

Wilson’s Petrel, Oceanites oceanicus, Maurice River Cove, N. J.,,
June 11 (Prince).

Gannet, Sula bassana, Cape May, N. J., April 18 (Hand).

* Localities are in Pennsylvania unless otherwise marked.

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VRAD O)-NOLOPATAUNL,«, ocogeencccnscen| ADRS oon sssndllonneanorel nessnoncellososeacee Apr.28;)May 1May: 17]......... Mayalaieee
Nighthawk, ......... 25 Gr We Wocneeod : JooSoqno00 May 24+/May 24
Chimney Swift ................ UAL oonacane Apr.19 Apr. 26) Apr. 21 125° }Apr.17|Apr,18}Apr. 22] 4
Jeli oa ead HIVES! em angco anor IMiay gL eveueene Apr, 29|May 7|May 12/May 17|May 7)Apr.30)May 10|May 18|May 8)...
[sin Oink eenasnenessuceeeteo ee 3\Apr.24|May 1/May 6/Apr,25|/May 8 Apr 29) Apr.30 Apr.28|)Apr,28
Crested Mlyicatclrersseseeeerssg VclygelD|peese seer Nema eriies May Wseo00a05 May 3\May 4/Apr,28/May 4/Apr.29|Apr.28
Bhochera ee on een Apr.12|May 1)Apr.12|Mar.30] Apr. 15 Mar, 16/Mar.25|/Mar,16|Mar.19
BX ONMONS 5 oso amp osemnnnceesameee PNG) | sdeac5alloxsb005nnlaossdoonel oateno0n0 acs wae |May 18|May 15|/May 3
Covjbindipeestsen. coer ccteee , ON Nem TUT Nhe 8310) saooaoall sononooo Apr.20)Mar,22|/Apr. 4/Apr, 4|/Mar.25
Red-winged Blackbird........ Res. |Apr. 4/Feb. 5/Mar,13| Res, |Mar. 6 Apr. 10/Mar,15)Mar.16 Mar, 16|Mar,27
Baltimore Oriole ............... 1 May 10)......... May 16/May 4|May 4/|May 12/Apr.28)Apr.28/Apr.s0|May 5
Pwo (ChE oonnemncoaco0n5 _ |Mar, 2)Feb.28|Jan. 9/Feb.11|Mar,21|Mar.15) Res. |Jan 30/Mar. 8|Mar.15
Chipping Sparrow ... (May 3|Mar.15}Apr.10)Apr.12/Apr. 6|/Apr. 1/Mar.24|Apr. 9 Mar, 24|/Apr. 1
Chewinilkeesenmeecre one Apr, 18}........+ Apr.18|Apr.21|Apr,23!Apr.16)Apr.18|May 1)Apr.26)May 3
IGaVCHO) MRC ceesesnc7ooqneaccoadbeDD 5 Aa00000||o55a000ddl| coaodecnn| lcuaoKAD Maly210)| Ose -s5..c«|hcs seme een May 16|May §8)........ :
Scarlet Tanager,...............! May 16|May 18)May 7|May 10|May Apr,30]Apr.30] Me
Purple Martin ..... no | scanca6ed Apr.12}Apr.10|/Apr, 1/Apr. Mar,31)Apr.12
Barn Swallow ........... ; May 2\Apr.18/May l\Apr. 9)......... r. I .19| Apr. 10) Apr. 14
Red=eved Ware Ove eteccscsctescre|iece- es: ay 13} May?12|May 10)May ) May 4|/May 7
Black and White Warbler.../Apr 24 2] | Peeler ee MLeuya oll eeetsrtar May 3/Apr.20|Apr 27|May 5/Apr.29)/May 3
Chestnut-sided Warbler...... I eseshae May 23].. ere ANSTO etertceretanee | ceetneetetts | steteanemnas May 13|May 12|May 6!May 7
Qscoorsas WW, 1 rcccadca Apr.29|May 5 Apr.28/Apy.29/A pr, 28/Apr 26
Maryland Yellow-throat. ...|......... Bias ..|May 1/May 10 Apr. 26|May 1jApr.21!Apr.29|Apr.29|May 3
(GRIME conaogondaedcebooto0 cov006005 |May 17 May 17|/Mar.21)/May 31)/May 10 May 10)......... May 9)\May 10
(Of Web| oosnascnooee ..|Apr.23 May 1)/May 3/May 10)May 10/Apr.30 Apr.30/Apr.29|May 2

Brown Thrasher.. Apr.12)Apr O=cesbebd | Apr. 22|Apr.20)/Apr, 20) Apr. 19|Apr.30]A pr. 19) Apr.26
House Wren....... [Apr.26, 3\May 1|May 4/Apr.20|/May 1!Apr.19)Apr.21/Apr,20|Apr.28
Wood Thrush..... .|May 17 vssseeee|May 12/May 10)May 5|Apr.28|/May 7/Apr 28/Apr.29
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May 12

Mar. 28
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MONTGOMERY COUNTY 7
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PHILADELPHIA

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Trenton, N. J.
E, 23; N,

Mar. 14
Apr, 12
May 4
May 10
May 17
Mar. 30
Apr.19
May 10

May 5/May 2

Apr, 7

Mar.14)|Mar,13

meen

SPRING MIGRATION, 1914.

HARLINST DATHS OF ARRIVAL OF

May 7|

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connec \May 3
May 18}.........

May 4
Mar, 19
Apr, 7
Apr, 21
May 18
May 4
Apr, 2

57; W. 150,

State College, Pa.
N.

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Keseauece ‘Apr.19)

Mar. 23 seeeatved
|
ee eu Rsceneas
Mar,17|Mar.16
Apr. 4/Apr, 9

Apr, 23

May 4/May 2
Apr, 28] A pr.30
May 5/Apr.30

Apr.30
May 4
May 13
Apr,30

9) Apr. 19

Apr. 29
May 4

Apr.20
Mar, 15

Mar,17

TABLE II.

Mar,13)Mar,19 -

W. 60; N. 192,

Lopez, Pa.

Apr.13

May 12
May 18
May 5

Apr. 7

May 4

Apr. 17
May 1
May 1
May 5
May 6

3|/May 5

Apr.10
Mar,19
Mar, 20

THIRTY-TWO SPHCIEBS AT TWENTY-
THREE STATIONS OUTSIDH THR
PHILADELPHIA OIRCLR,

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RABIN Sen exw
oh “4

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 51

Double-crested Cormorant, Phalacrocoraz dilophus dilophus.
Cape May, N. J., April 4 and 18 (Hand).

Merganser, Mergus americanus, Wayne, May 5 (Pearson) ;
near West Chester on the Brandywine, March 18 (Brinton) ;
Fish House N. J., February 15—May 5 ( Potter).

Hooded Merganser, Lophodytes cucullatus, Darby Creek near
Marple ad. female, January 1 (Culver).

Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos, Haverford May 2, 4 flying over
(Hallett) ; Buckshutem, N. J., Nov. 12 (Prince).

Black Duck, Anas rubripes, Frankford February 3, also
Pensauken Creek, N. J., large numbers March 29 and one July
4 (Miller) ; Ocean City, N. J., May 30 (Pearson); Avalon, N. J.
September 18 and Maurice River, N. J., November 8, 1913
(Prince) ; Doylestown, April 12 (MacReynolds).

Green-winged Teal, Nettion carolinense, Fish House, N. J.,
Mar. 25 (Potter).

Pintail, Dajfila acuta, many on Delaware at Pensauken Creek,
N. J., Mar. 29 (Miller) ; Fish House, N. J., May 4-15, and
numerous at the mouth of Woodbury Creek, N. J., Apr. 4
( Potter).

Wood Duck, Aix sponsa, Cape May, N. J., a pair Apr. 10
(Hand); Woodstown, N. J., May 1 ( Woodruff) ; Kennett
Square, a female killed by striking wire, Nov. 14, 1913 (Thomas).

Redhead, Marila americana, Bridesburg, Oct. 17 (Miller) ;
Mouth of Cooper’s Creek, N. J., Feb. 27 (Potter).

Canvas-back, Marila valisineria, Mouth of Cooper’s Creek, N.
J., Feb. 27 ( Potter).

Lesser Scaup, Marila affinis, Maurice River N. J., Oct. 29-
31, 1913 (Potter); Fish House, N. J., Mar. 25—May 24 ( Potter);
West Chester, Apr. 5-6 (/oberts).

Canada Goose, Branta canadensis canadensis, wintered at Cape
May, N. J., increasing Mar. 16; big flight Mar. 21 (Hand); Mau-
rice River, N. J., flock of 150, Apr. 6 (Prince); Avalon, N. J.,
Sept. 17, 1918 (Prince); Concordville, 80 bewildered in heavy
fog, Oct. 28, 1918, flew around barn (Styer); 9 came down Del-
aware River at Chester, May 14, alighting on the water, where
they were seen the next day also (Carter).

Bittern, Botaurus lentiginosus, Salem, N. J., April 10 (Car-

ae PROCEEDINGS OF THE

penter); Buckshutem, N. J., July 16 and Aug. 28 (Prince);
Ocean City, N. J., May 380 (Pearson); Fish House, N. J., April
19-May 2 (Potter); Paoli, April 25 (Pearson).

Least Bittern, Ardetta exilis, Woodstown, N. J., May ( Wood-
ruff); Paoli, May 11 (Baily).

Great Blue Heron, Ardea herodias herodias, Camden, N. J.,
Jan.14 (Potter); Addingham, Mar.29 (Culver); Swarthmore, Mar.
30 (Harrower); Maurice River, N. J., May 22—Nov.12 (Prince).

Little Blue Heron, Florida caerulea, Stone Harbor, N. J.,
flock of 12, Sept. 15 (Prince).

Egret, Herodias egretta, mouth of Pensauken Creek, N. J.,
Aug. 11 (Miller).

King Rail, Raillus elegans, Bridesburg, one killed Christmas
week, 1918; nest and 7 eggs, June 10 (Miller); Salem, N. J.,
first seen April 26 ( Carpenter).

Clapper Rail, Rallus crepitans, Cape May, N. J., Mar. 27
(Hand); mouth of Maurice River, N. J., Sept. 25 and June 11
CEaiice):

Sora, Porzana carolina, Salem, N. J., April 29 (Carpenter) ;
Crum Creek near Swarthmore, Mar. 30 (Harrower).

Florida Gallinule, Gallinula galeata, Richmond, one pair,
Bridesburg, two pairs, April 24 (Miller); Fish House, N. J.,
April 25—May 1 (Potter).

Coot, Fulica americana, Bridesburg, 40 on the Delaware, Oct.
17 (Miller) ; Audubon, N. J. ; April 12 (Tatum).

Woodcock, Philohela minor, Frankford, Nov. 6 and 16, 1913
(Miller); Cape May, N. J., Mar. 21 (Hand); Buckshutem, N. J.,
Nov. 11, 1918 (Prince); Kennett Square, Mar. 16 (Thomas);
Doylestown, Mar. 22 (MacReynolds); Easton, April 7 (Marz);
Haverford, May 6 (Serrill).

Wilson’s Snipe, Gallinago delicata, Cape May, N. J., Mar. 18
(Hand); Buckshutem, N. J., April 80 (Prince); Camden, N. J.,
April 4-16 (Potter); Audubon, N. J., April 12 (Tatum); Ken-
nett Square, April 10 (Thomas); State College, April 5 (Mason) ;
Addingham, April 8 (Culver).

Pectoral Sandpiper, Pisobia maculata, Aramingo, Phila., one
dead, Sept. 14, 1913 (Miller).

Least Sandpiper, Pisobia minutilla, Cape May, N. J., April 4
(Hand); Camden, N. J., May 4-24 (Potter).

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. ae

Semipalmated Sandpiper, Hreunetes pusillus, Atlantic City,
N. J., May 23 (Cromie); Bridesburg, May 12 (Miller).

Sanderling, Calidris alba, Cape May, N. J., Mar. 80 (Hand).

Greater Yellow-legs, Totanus melanoleucus, Cape May, N. J.,
Mar. 18 (Hand); Atlantic City, N. J., May 9 (Cromie); Avalon,
N. J., six, Sept. 15, 1913 (Prince); West Chester, one, May 17
(Roberts); Camden, N. J., three, May 6 (Potter); Audubon,
N. J., May 3 (Tatum); Bridesburg, May 6 (Miller).

Lesser Yellowlegs, Totanus flavipes, Tinicum, one shot, Sept.
1, 1913 (Culver); Cape May, N. J., April 29 (Hand); Salem,
N. J., April 29 (Carpenter).

Solitary Sandpiper, Helodromas solitarius, arrived Addingham,
Aug. 6, 1913 (Culver).

Upland Plover, Bartramia longicauda, Bridesburg, Oct. 18,
1913 (Miller); Doylestown, Apr. 19 (MacReynolds).

Hudsonian Curlew, Numenius hudsonicus, Cape May, N. J.,
flock of 300, Apr. 23 (Hand).

Black-bellied Plover, Squatarola squatarola, Cape May, N. J.,
May 6 (Hand); White’s Island in the upper Delaware, one on
Aug.10, 1918 (Culver).

Killdeer, Oxyechus vociferus, Buckshutem, N. J., young out
of nest May 11 (Prince); Downstown, N. J., nest robbed by
Crows, second set laid by May 31 (Fair); wintered at Vineland,
N.J., Newtown and West Chester.

Sempalmated Plover, Aegialitis semipalmata, Cape May, N. J.,
Apr. 24 (Hand); Camden, N. J.. May 5 (2), May 6 (8)
(Potter); Avalon, N. J., Sept. 15, 1913 (Prince).

Piping Plover, Aegialitis meloda, Cape May, N. J., Sept. 7,
1913 (5), Sept. 18, 1913 (1) (Culver).

Turnstone, Arenaria interpres, Cape May, N. J., May 6
(Hand).

Bob-white, Colinus v. virginianus, Addingham, May 22
(Culver).

Ruffed Grouse, Bonasa u. umbellus, Lopez, nest with 13 eggs,
May 17, bird incubating (Behr).

Ring-necked Pheasant, Phasianus colchicus, Buckshutem, N.
J., 3 shot Nov. 10, 1913 (Prince).

Mourning Dove, Zenaidura macroura carolinensis, flock of 6

54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

wintered at Cape May, N. J. (Hand); wintered also at Vine-
land, N. J. (Prince), and one was seen at Concordville, Jan.
30 (Styer).

Turkey Vulture, Cathartes aura septentrionalis, flock of 14 ob-
served along the upper Delaware between Manunka Chunk and
Martin’s Creek, July 11, 1918 (Marx); seen through the winter
at West Chester and Media and throughout southern N. J.

Goshawk, <Astur atricapillus, Frankford, Feb. 28 (Miller) ;
Wayne, March 29 (Pearson).

Red-tailed Hawk, Buteo borealis borealis, last seen at Camden,
N. J., March 29 (Potter).

Red-shouldered Hawk, Buteo lineatus lineatus, last seen at
Camden, N. J., March 18 (Potter); Frankford, Apr. 17 (Miller).

Broad-winged Hawk, Buteo platypterus, Frankford, arrived
March 28, also nest on Wissahickon Creek, June 9 (Miller);
Addingham, Apr. 18 (Culver); Wayne, Apr. 22 (Pearson).

Bald Eagle, Halixetus leucocephalus leucocephalus, Pensauken
Creek, N. J., July 8-9 (Miller); Easton, Apr. 18 (Marx); Buck-
shutem, N. J., Oct. 10 (Prince); Cape May, N. J., Mar. 18
(Hand).

Sparrow Hawk, Falco sparverius sparverius, Lopez, arrived
Apr. 10 (Behr).

Osprey, Pandion haliaétus carolinensis, four nests at Buck-
shutem, N. J., birds incubating, Apr. 30 (Prince).

Barn Owl, Aluco pratincola, Bridesburg, Jan. 2 and Mar. 4
(Miller); Audubon, N. J. one killed Apr. 5 (Tatum); Paoli, Apr.
25 (Peurson).

Long-eared Owl, Asio wilsonianus, Frankford, one found dead
Mar. 19 (Miller); Swarthmore, 3, Apr. 10-15 (Palmer); Haver-
ford, 4 wintered (Hallett); Gloucester, N. J. 3 wintered (Potter).

Short-eared Owl, Asio flammeus, Bridesburg, Nov. 18—Mar.
( Miller).

Saw-whet Owl, Cryptoglaua acadica, Gloucester, N. J. one
wintered in a clump of pines in company with 4 Barn and 3
Long-eared Owls; was last seen Feb.21 (Potter); Kennet Square,
one found dead Dec. 11, 1913 (Thomas).

Screech Owl, Otus asio asio, Camden N. J. young out of nest
June 9 (Potter) ; Swarthmore, young out June 6 (Palmer).

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DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 5D

Snowy Owl, Nyctea nyctea, shot near Bridesburg, Dec. 1913
and another taken alive at Sandiford, Nov. 19138. Both were
mounted (Miller).

Yellow-billed Cookoo, Coccyzus americanus americanus, last seen
Vineland, N. J., Oct. 11, 1913 (Prince).

Belted Kingfisher, Ceryle alcyon alcyon, wintered at Borden-
town, (Flynn); also observed Frankford, Feb. 4 (Miller) ;
Swarthmore, last of Feb. (Palmer) ; Camden, N. J., Feb. 28
(Potter) ; Holmesburg, Feb. 4 (Miller).

Hairy Woodpecker, Dryobates villosus villosus, Camden, N. J.,
nest with young, May 24 ( Potter).

Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, Sphyrapicus varius varius, observed
in winter at Swarthmore, Jan. 28 (Howard) ; Moorestown, N.
J., to Jan. 20 (Mickle) ; Salem, N. J., in Feb. (Carpenter).

Red-headed Woodpecker, Melanerpes erythrocephalus, wintered
at State College (Mason) ; feeding young in nest Addingham,
Aug. 19 (Culver) ; one at Haddonfield, N. J., July 18 (Moore).

Flicker, Colaptes awratus luteus, some wintered at Addingham,
and Vineland N. J., also seen in winter at Frankford, Jan. 30 ;
Holmesburg, Feb. 4 ; Yardville, N. J., Feb. 18; Salem, N. J.,
Feb. 23 ; West Chester, Jan. 18.

Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, Empidonax flaviventris, Doyles-
town, May 17 (MacReynolds).

Horned Lark, Otocoris alpestris alpestris, Kennett Square, 10
on Feb. 16, last seen Mar. 11 (Thomas); Aramingo, Phila., 10
on Feb. 22 (Miller); Concordville, Mar. 8 (Styer); Easton,
Mar. 7, also during Feb. (Marx); Darby, 12 on Mar. 7 and 2
at Lansdowne same day (Carter); Ardmore, 100 on Mar.7( Baily).

Prairie Horned Lark, Otocoris alpestris praticola, Addingham,
8 on Mar. 8, specimens secured (Culver).

Crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos, 2000 roosted in
Busby’s thicket, Frankford (Miller).

Blue Jay, Cyanocitta cristata cristata, several at Wayne all
winter (Alexander), and one pair at Addingham (Culver). At
the following stations none were seen until date given: Kennett
Square, May 1; West Chester, May 2; Haston, May 3; Media,
Apr. 25 (plentiful May 2); Frankford, May 15.

Starling, Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris, reported from the follow-

56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

ing stations: Vineland, Salem, Atco, Downstown and Yardville
in N. J., and from Penna. at Newtown Square., Frankford,
Kennett Square (first record Mar. 8, 1913), Concordville, West
Chester, Newtown, Easton (first record Jan. 17, 1912, next
Feb. 19, 1914), Media, Swarthmore, Ardmore, Haverford and
Wayne.

Cowbird, Molothrus ater ater, Bordentown, Feb. 18 (Flynn).

Red-winged Blackbird, Agelaius phoeniceus phoeniceus, wintered
at Vineland and Cape May, N. J., also observed in winter at
Salem N. J., Feb. 5, and Bordentown, N. J., Feb. 20.

Meadowlark, Sturnella magna magna, wintered at Melrose,
Media, Wayne, Addingham, Swarthmore, Forestgrove, Doyles-
town, West Chester, Concordville, Trenton, N. J., and all over
southern New Jersey. Seen in winter at Easton, Jan. 1; Yard-
ville, N. J., Feb. 22; Newtown, Jan. 25.

Purple Grackle, Quiscalus quiscula quiscula, wintered at Cape
May, N. J., and West Chester; reported in winter from Wayne,
Feb. 20; Haverford, Jan. 27; Swarthmore, Jan. 29; Yardville,
N. J., Feb. 2; Bordentown, N. J., Feb. 19; Newtown, Jan. 24;
Woodstown, N. J., Jan. 9; Salem, N. J., Feb. 28. At Chester
six were seen flying north against a driving snowstorm follow-
ing a week of intensely cold weather ( Carter).

Purple Finch, Corpodacus purpureus purpureus, Holmesburg,
Dec. 31 (5) (Miller); Laurel Springs, N. J., Mar. 2 (Zomlinson) ;
Haverford, none in winter, frequent in spring (Hallett); Haston,
none in winter after Oct. 12, 1918; occurred in spring, April
17-May 11 (Marz); none at Addingham until May 3 (Culver);
Wayne, Mar. 7-May 2 (Steele); Kennett Square, first seen April
30 (Thomas).

Red Crossbill, Loxia curvirostra minor, Swarthmore, pair on
Mar. 22 (Palmer).

Redpoll, Acanthis linaria linaria, Camden, N. J., Feb. 25 (8),
27 (5), 28 (20), Mar. 24 (2) (Potter); Kennett Square, Mar. 3
(1) (Thomas); West Chester, Mar. 5 (Roberts); Fairmount Park,
Mar. 7 (Culver and Pearson); Addingham, Mar. 8 (2) (Culver).

Goldfinch, Astragalinus tristis, ten to twelve wintered at
Addingham (Culver); Easton, one, Feb. 24, then none until
Mar. 24 (Marz); Aldan, not seen until April 29 (Morley).

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 57

Pine Siskin, Spinus pinus, Marple, Nov. 2, 1913 (Culver);
Vineland, N. J., Oct. 80 (2), Nov. 10, 1918, many with Gold-
finches (Prince); Yardville, N. J., Nov. 11, 1913 (Allinson);
Atco, N. J., Jan. 20, large flock (Pyle); Woodstown, N. J.,
Jan. 23 ( Woodruff); Easton, Oct. 29, 1913 (1), May 8-18, pairs
and small flocks (Marx); Camden, N. J., last seen Feb. 27
(Potter); Atlantic City, N. J., Apr. 30 (Cromie); Concordville,
Feb. 26 (Styer); West Chester, Apr. 22 (Ehinger), Apr. 8,
May 17 and 19 (Roberts).

Snow Bunting, Plectrophenax nivalis nivalis, West Chester,
Mar. 2 (18) (Ehinger); Camden, N. J., Feb. 25-27 (1) ( Potter);
Delair, N. J., 2 late in February, one was shot and mounted.
Ambler, Pa., one shot by Jas. R. Gillen Mar. 18 (Miller).

Grasshopper Sparrow, Ammodramus savanarrum australis,
Addingham, Nov. 4, 1913 two—one shot (Culver).

Sharp-tailed Sparrow, Passerherbulus caudacutus Atlantic
City, N. J., May 16 (Cromie); Avalon, N. J., Sept. 14
(Prince).

Henslow’s Sparrow, Passerherbulus henslowi henslowi, summer
resident as usual along Maurice River, N. J. (Prince); Ocean
City, N. J., May 30 (Prince).

White-crowned Sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys leucophrys,
Moorestown, N. J., May 13 and 17 (Mickle).

White-throated Sparrow, Zonotrichia albicollis, Atlantic City,
N. J., Sept. 24-May 17 (Crome); Vineland, N. J., Oct. 5-
May 1 (Prince); Downstown, N. J., Sept. 28-May 3 (Fair);
- Rancocas, N. J., Sept.29-May 10 (Haines); Kennett Square,
Mar. 23-May (Thomas); Concordville, Sept. 28-May 19 (Styer) ;
West Chester, Oct. 6-May 6 (De Haven); Easton, Apr. 19-May
29 (Marz); Wayne, Sept. 28-May 17 (Baker). Last seen:
Woodstown, N. J., Apr. 26 ( Woodruff); Buckshutem, N. J.,
Apr. 12 (Prince); West Chester, May 19 (Roberts); Camden,
N. J., May 17 (Potter); Media, May 11 (Allen); Swarthmore,
May 10 (Harrower); Haverford, May 22 (Hallett); Addingham,
May 15 (Culver); Rosemont, May 17 (Scoville).

Tree Sparrow, Spizella monticola monticola, last seen: Doyles-
town, N. J., Apr. 19 (Fair); Concordville, Mar. 26 (Styer);
West Chester, Apr. 5 (Roberts); Camden, N. J., Apr. 5 (Potter).

58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Field Sparrow, Spizella pusilla pusilla, wintered at Haddon-
field, N. J. (Rhoads); Frankford, Jan. 380 (dfiller); Audubon,
N. J., Jan. 17 (Tatum).

Junco, Junco hyemalis hyemalis, Atlantic City, N. J., Sept. 24—
April 4 (Cromie); Downstown, N. J., Oct. 12-April 22 (Fair);
Kennett Square, Oct. 4—May 2 (Thomas); West Chester, Oct. 4—
May 2 (DeHaven and Roberts); Wayne, Sept. 28-April 380
(Baker); Easton, Sept. 15-May 8 (Marx); Moorestown, N. J.,
‘Oct. 4-April 12 (Mickle); State College, Oct. 8-April 28 (Jason).
Last seen: Woodstown, N. J., May 1 ( Woodruff); Trenton, N. J.,
April 30 (Abbott); Camden, N. J., April 22 (Potter); Swarth-
more, May 10 (Harrower); Addingham, April 27 (Culver);
Haverford, May 2 (Hallett). Arrived: Rancocas, N. J., Sept.
29, 1918 (Haines).

Lincoln’s Sparrow, Melospiza lincolni lincolm. One seen in
yard in West Philadelphia, May 2, studied for an hour at a
distance of six feet (Stone).

Fox Sparrow, Passerella iliaca iliaca, Swarthmore, Jan. 1 (1)
{ Palmer); Oak Lane, wintered (Barker).

Chewink, Pipilo erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus, Camden,
N. J., Dec. 25, 1913 (1) (Potter and Culver); Yardville, N. J.,
Feb. 19-Mar. 1 (1), probably perished in blizzard of early
March (Allinson); Juniata Park, Frankford, one female, Dec. 38
(Miller).

Cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis cardinalis, Kaston, one on
March 24 (Marz).

Indigobird, Fasserina cyanea, Vineland, N. J., still singing,
Sept. 28, 1913 (Prince).

Purple Martin, Progne subis swbis, Maurice River, N. J., full
grown young July 16 (Prince).

Tree Swallow, Jridopronce biciolor, Avalon, N. J., thousands
Sept. 18, (Prince).

Northern Shrike, Lanius borealis, Cape May, N. J., Jan. 10
(Hand); Gloucester, N. J., Feb. 21 (Potter); Wayne, Mar. 9
(Steele); Mar. 23-27 (Thomas); Moorestown, N. J., Apr. 5
(Mickle).

Prothonotary Warbler, Protonotaria citrea, one seen in river
swamp two miles west of South Vineland, N. J., June 19, 1914.

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 59

‘“Heard note resembling that of the Water-Thrush and finally
the bird came to within 15 feet of meand was easily identified ’’
(Potter). [A very important record which certainly indicates
the probable breeding of this species in New Jersey—W. §].

Golden-winged Warbler, Vermivora chrysoptera, Germantown
Apr. 28 (Hmlen); Easton, May 4 (Warx); Trenton, N. J., May
5 (Abbott); Camden, N. J., May 6-7 (Potter); Haddonfield, N.
J., May 7 (Rhoads); Haverford, May 7 (Hallett); Moorestown,
N. J., May 8 and 10 (Linton); Addingham Sept. 14, 1913
( Culver).

Nashville Warbler. Vermivora rubricapilla rubricapilla, Easton,
Apr. 29 (Marx); Haverford, May 2 (Hallett); Camden, N. J.,
May 7 (2) (Potter).

Tennessee Warbler, Vermivora peregrina, West Philadelphia,
Oct. 1, 1918 (Stone).

Cape May Warbler, Dendroica tigrina, Avalon, N. J., Sept.
15, 1918 (Prince); Kennett Square, Oct. 2, 1913 (Thomas);
Addingham, Sept. 13, 1913 (Culver); West Chester, May 7
(Ehinger) and May 11 (Sharples); State College, May 7-12
(Mason); Haverford, May 11-16 (Serrill and Hallett); Swarth-
more, May 11 (2), May 16, 17 (Palmer and Harrower); Moores-
town, N. J., May 13, 16, 17 (Mickle); Chestnut Hill, May 14
(Platt); Concordville, May 18 (Styer); Kennett Square, May
15 common (Thomas).

Myrtle Warbler, Dendroica corenata, Vineland, N. J., Nov.
13, 1913 (Prince); Atlantic City, N. J., Jan. 7 (Cromie); a few
wintered at Oak Lane (Barker) and at Haddonfield, N. J.,
{ Rhoads).

Cerulean Warbler, Dendroica caerulea, West Chester, May 9
one carefully identified ( Hhinger).

Bay-breasted Warbler, Dendroica castanea, Camden, N. J.,
May 6 (Potter); Kennett Square, May 3 (Thomas); Doylestown,
May 10 (MacReynolds); Aldan, May 11 and Addingham, May
15 (Culver); Wayne, May 12 (Baker); Swarthmore, May 13 and
23 (Harrower); 22 (3) (Palmer); Woodstown, N. J., May 14
( Woodruff); Crum Creek, May 17 (Serrill); Haverford, May 19
(Serrill) and May 21 (Hallett); West Chester, May 18 (Ehinger) ;
Atlantic City, N. J., May 28 (Cromie); Audubon, N. J., May
20 (Tatum).

’

60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Water-Thrush, Seiwrus noveboracensis noveboracensis, Vineland, —

N. J., Aug. 12-30 and Oct. 3 (Prince).

Louisiana Water-Thrush, Sezwrus motacilla, Addingham,
Aug. 6, 2, one shot (Culver).

Hooded Warbler, Wilsonia citrina, Kennett Square, May 12
(Thomas); West Chester, May 14 (Ehinger); State College, May
17 (Mason) ; Cape May, N. J., April 27 (Hand).

Wilson’s Warbler, Wilsonia pusilla, Vineland, N. J., Sept. 23
and 28 (Prince); Kennett Square, May 14-15 (Thomas); West
Chester, May 14 (Ehinger); Laurel Springs, N. J., May 15
(Haine); Camden, N. J., May 15 and 17 (2) (Potter); Swarth-
more, May 20 (Falmer); Addingham, May 18 (Culver); Haver-
ford, May 17 and 21 (Serrill).

Titlark, Anthus rubescens, Concordville, Mar. 8 (Styer); Ken-
nett Square, Apr. 2, flock of 20 (Thomas); West Chester, Apr.
25 (Roberts); Downstown, N. J., May 4 (Fair).

Mockingbird, Mimus polyglottos polyglottos, Frankford, Oct. 3,
one eating pokeberries (J/iller) ; Moorestown, N. J., Mar. 22
one watched for an hour ( Wierman).

Winter Wren, Nannus hiemalis hiemalis, Easton, Sept. 15-Apr.
26 (Marx); Moorestown, N. J., Nov. 4, 1913 (Mickle); Adding-
ham, last seen April 22 (Culver); Ardmore, May 3 (Baily).

Brown Creeper, Certhia familiaris americana, Atlantic City,
N. J., Sept. 24-May 16 (Cromie); West Chester, Oct. 6-May 1
(DeHaven); Easton, Sept. 15-May 1 (Marr); State College,
Oct. 16—-April 28 (Mason); Rancocas, N. J., Sept. 15-May 3
(Haines). Last seen: Atco, N. J., April 25 (Pyle); Camden,
N. J., May 4 (Potter); Swarthmore, April 25 (Howard); Add-
ingham, April 27 (Culver). Arrived Moorestown, N. J.,
Sept. 29, 1913 (Mickle).

White-breasted Nuthatch, Sttta carolinensis carolinensis, Atlan-
tic City, N. J., Sept. 24—May 2 (Cromie); Moorestown, N. J.,
Oct. 5-April 12 (A“%ckle).

Red-breasted Nuthatch, Sitta canadensis, arrived: Vineland,
N. J., Oct. 30 (Prince); Easton, Sept. 15 (1) (Marx); Wayne,
Oct. 1, 18, 26 and Nov. 2 (Baker). Last seen: Swarthmore,
May 13 (1) (Palmer); Haverford, May 11 (Serrill and Hallett);
Wayne, April 30 (Baker); Moorestown, Jan. 12 ( Wierman);
Atlantic City, April 18 (Crome).

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 61

Black-capped Chickadee, Penthestes atricapillus atricapillus, un-
usually abundant, Swarthmore, until Apr. 25 (Howard) ; West
Chester, Oct. 7—Apr. 22 (DeHaven) ; Haston, Oct. 4—May 15
(Marx) ; State College, Oct. 16—May 10 (Mason) ; Wayne, until
Apr. 25 (Vearson) ; abundance ‘‘ unprecedented’’ at West
Chester, Camden, N. J., Media, Lansdowne, Wayne and Add-
ingham.

Golden-crowned, Kinglet, Regulus satrapa satrapa, West Ches-
ter, Oct. 7-—Apr. 22, (DeHaven) ; Easton, Oct. 4—May 38
(Marx) ; arrived ; Vineland, N. J., Oct. 80 (Prince) ; Rancocas,
N. J., Sept. 29 (Haines); Moorestown, N. J., Sept. 29 (AUckle) ;
last seen: Atlantic City, N. J., Apr. 18 (Cromie) ; Kennett
Square, Apr. 19-25 (Thomas) ; Wayne, Apr. 25 (Pearson) ;
Swarthmore, Apr. 23 (Harrower); Addingham, Apr. 26 (Culver) ;
Haverford, Apr. 7 (Hallett).

Ruby-crowned Kinglet, Regulus calendula calendula, Vineland,
N. J., Nov. 4. (Prince).

Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, Polioptila caerulea caerulea, Cape May,
N. J., May 17 (Hand) ; Kennett Square, saw and studied one
closely Apr. 19 (Thomas).

Hermit Thrush, Hylocichla guttata pallasi, Vineland, N. J.,
Nov. 4 (Prince) ; Atlantic City, N. J., Jan. 19 (Cromie).

Robin, Planesticus migratorius migratorius, winter records,
Media, Feb. 20; Allentown, N. J., Feb. 17; Moorestown, N.
J., Jan. 15; Newtown, Jan. 22; Woodstown, N. J., Jan. 23;
reported resident at Vineland and Cape May.

Bluebird, Sialia sialis sialis, resident in N. J. at Atco, and at
Addingham and Moylan, Pa. West Chester, Jan. 4 ; Woodstown,
N. J., Jan. 5; Moorestown, N. J., Jan. 16; Laurel Springs,
N.J., Jan. 27 ; Moylan, Jan. 28 ; Ardmore, Jan. 28 ; Rosemont,
Jan. 30; Salem, N. J., Feb. 20 ; Swarthmore, Feb. 23 ; Haver-
ford, Feb. 27 ; Frankford, Feb. 28.

Abstract of the Proceedings of the Delaware
Valley Ornithological Club, 1914

January 1, 1914. New Year’s Day. Meeting omitted.

January 15, 1914. Twenty-fourth annual meeting. Thirty-

seven members and one visitor present. The following officers
were elected for the ensuing year: President, Stewardson Brown;
Vice-President, Henry W. Fowler; Secretary, J. Fletcher Street;
Treasurer, Samuel C. Palmer.

The following standing committees were appointed: On Pub-
lication, Cope, Moore and Morris; on Field Trips, Street,
Rhoads and Stuart; on Migration, Potter, Carter and Stone.

Dr. Stone addressed the Club upon ‘‘ Present Day Aspects of
Ornithology’’. The speaker reviewed the work of the ornitholo-
gists of the past generations and outlined the branches of the
subject yet to be mastered.

February 5, 1914. Twenty-one members and one visitor
present. Mr. George Harding, upon invitation of Mr. Morris,
spoke upon the subject ‘‘ Birds of the Eastern Archipelago”’.
The fauna of the islands comprising the lower part of the Hast-
ern Archipelago, including Australia, Tasmania, New Guinea
and Java, was described.

February 19, 1914. One visitor and sixteen members present.
Mr. Samuel N. Rhoads made a communication entitled ‘Then
and Now; or Forty Years of Bird Life in our Village’’. The
speaker’s remarks pertained to the relation of the birds of
Haddonfield N. J. to former and present-day environments.

As a new feature of the Club’s activity Dr. Spencer Trotter
gave a general review of the articles contained in the January
Auk.

( 62)

aN 1
mei
ie

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 63

March 6, 1914. One visitor and twenty-two members pres-
ent. Mr. Edward L. Caum, Swarthmore, Pa., was elected to
associate membership. Dr. Max M. Peet addressed the meet-
ing upon ‘‘Some Recent Theories of Bird Migration’’. An
outline of all the important theories upon the subject was given.

March 19, 1914. One visitor and twenty-one members pres-
ent. Mr. Arthur C. Emlen spoke upon the subject ‘‘ Among:
the Birds of Manatee County, Florida’’. A detailed list of the
birds common to the locality was given.

April 2, 1914. One visitor and eighteen members present.
Dr. Samuel C. Palmer gave an interesting talk upon ‘‘ The Rela-
tion of Color to Bird Plumage’’. The speaker described the
localization of color as due to several causes, such as the pres-
ence of pigment in the feather, mechanical refraction and pris-
matic forms.

Apri 16, 1914. One visitor and twenty-nine members pres-
ent. Mr. Samuel Mason, Jr., read a paper entitled ‘‘ Notes on
the Nesting of the Vesper Sparrow’’, giving a detailed account
of the incubation and feeding of the young. Dr. Stone, gave a
review of the proceedings of the meeting of the American Orni-
thologists’ Union held at Washington.

May 7, 1914. Two visitors and twenty-three members pres-
ent. Mr. Robert T. Moore addressed the Club upon the sub-
ject, ‘‘ Notes on the Songs of the Hermit Thrush ’’. Individuals
of this species were said to possess as many as nine distinct
song-phrases. The sequence of these various forms was ex-
plained.

May 21, 1914. Seventeen members present. Mr. Philip E.
Howard, Swarthmore Pa. was nominated for associate member-
ship. Mr. Samuel N. Rhoads spoke upon the subject ‘‘My
Clarina’’. His remarks were descriptive of a captive specimen
of the Spanish-American Thrush commonly known as ‘‘Cla-
rina’’. The speaker expressed his belief that the song of this

64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

species surpasses that of any other bird in the world. The
quarterly review of the Auk was made by Mr. Morris.

October 1, 1914. Three visitors and twenty-one members
present. The names of J. W. Mercur, Jr., Wallingford, Pa.,
Henry F. Fry, 224 W. Manheim St., Germantown and Edward
L. Wildman, 4431 Osage Ave., Philadelphia, were proposed
for associate membership.

Mr. Samuel Scoville, Jr., spoke upon the topic, ‘‘ Bird Notes
of a Novice’’. The general advantages to be derived through
bird study were dwelt upon. Under general discussion Cheney,
Marple, Rushland and Doylestown were cited as nesting stations
of the Boboiink.

October 15, 1914. One visitor and twenty-one members pres-
ent. The names of Dr. B. W. Mitchell, 4826 Pine St., and
Edward Norris, St. Martins, Chestnut Hill, were proposed for
associate membership.

Mr. Samuel N. Rhoads spoke upon the subject, ‘‘ A Sunday
at Homewood ’’. Homewood, as explained, is the name of Mr.
Rhoads’s estate at Haddonfield, N. J. The speaker’s remarks
related to the flora and fauna of the place and its natural attrac-
tions, productive of a generous bird-life.

November 5, 1914. One visitor and twenty-four members
present. The following were elected to associate membership:
J. W. Mercur, Wallingford, Pa.; Edward L. Wildman, 4431
Osage Ave., Phila.; Dr. B. W. Mitchell, 4826 Pine St., Phila. ;
Philip E. Howard, Swarthmore, Pa.; Edward Norris, St.
Martin’s, Chestnut Hill, Pa.

Dr. Stone gave an interesting communication entitled, ‘‘Some
Impressions of South Carolina and its Birds’’. A detailed list
of the birds to be found in the vicinity of Manning, Clarendon
Co., was given. A set of two eggs of the Chuck-will’s-widow
was found.

Dr. Stone announced the presentation to the Academy of
Natural Sciences of a collection of mounted birds by Mr. George
B. Benners.

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB, 65

November 19, 1914. Twenty members present Mr. John D.
Carter presented a communication entitled ‘‘Syracuse and Re-
turn’’. The speaker described a list of thirty-two species ob-
served from the train on a trip from Philadelphia to Syracuse
during the latter part of May. Mr. Carter’s remarks evidenced
the tendency of certain species to concentrate in particular
environments.

December 8, 1914. One visitor and twenty-six members
present. Upon the subject, ‘‘Concerning Certain Autumnal
Warblers’’, Dr. Spencer Trotter expounded several theories
upon the relationship of warblers, as evidenced by the plumage
of nuptial males.

December 17, 1914. One visitor and twenty-three members
present. Mr. William L. Baily addressed the Club upon the
subject, ‘‘ November: or Good-bye to the Robins and Blue-
birds’’. <A detailed list of the last appearances of migrating
birds up to and during November was given. The lack of food
and proper shelter was given as the prime cause for local
changes.

Club Notes

THE TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY BANQUET

Although not strictly within the activities of the year 1914 it
seems desirable to describe at this time the proceedings at the
banquet held at the Roosevelt, on January 7, 1915, in com-
memoration of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the founding of
the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club. Sixty-six members.
were presentand seven guests represented the notable organ-
izations of the East. Avian decorations were conspicuous in all
parts of the dining hall and in addition the Entertainment Com-
mittee secured a number of ‘‘hitherto undescribed birds,’’
which were mounted on stands for the delectation of students of
speciation. Mr. Stewardson Brown, President of the D. V. O.
C., presided with genial dignity and Dr. Spencer Trotter acted as
toastmaster in his usual inimitable style, introducing the speak-
ers with happy allusion or appropriate story.

Responding to the toast, ‘‘ When I was in Sing Sing,’’ Dr.
A. K. Fisher, President of the American Ornithologists’ Union,
defended his choice of habitat and referred to his abiding affec-
tion for the D. V. O. C. The Secretary of the A. O. U. was
also with us, Mr. John H. Sage, who described the activities of
his local Connecticut society. Mr. Chas. F. Batchelder pre-
sented a written testimonial of congratulation from the Nuttall
Ornithological Club and greetings were brought by Dr. T. S.
Palmer from the Biological Survey, and by Mr. John T. Nichols
from the Linnean Society of New York. Messrs. William
Palmer and Alexander Wetmore, of Washington, D. C., were
also honored guests.

A former member of the Club, Dr. Robert T. Young, of the
University of North Dakota, related incidents in his career when
he was associated with Dr. Wm. E. Hughes on several ques-
tionable escapades. Dr. Hughes was given an opportunity to
defend himself, responding to the toast, ‘‘ The Odlogist,’’ and

( 66 )

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB, 67

announced his complete conversion to the spirit of the Audubon
Society. Mr. Wm. L. Baily was then heartily acclaimed the
‘‘Mamma and Papa Bird” of the Club and related how it
happened. Responding to the toast, ‘‘ Cassinia,’’ Mr. Robert
Thomas Moore read extracts from an ancient manuscript,
recently discovered and entitled ‘‘The D. V. O. C., or How a
Great Egg was Hatched,’’ and Dr. Witmer Stone, prime insti-
gator of all Club activities, closed the evening with congratula-
tory remarks and telling verses.

The splendid attendance as well as the spirit of good-fellow-
ship, which was a conspicuous feature of the banquet, drew
from Dr. Fisher a memorable tribute. He said: ‘‘I believe
that such another gathering of bird students could not be as-
sembled to a local ornithological banquet in any other city of
America or possibly on either side of the Atlantic.”

We gather every fortnight from afar,

To smoke and talk and keep our friendship green;
And we join in Trotter’s laughter,
Both before we meet and after,

For our appetite for humor still is keen.

When Brown calls us to order from the chair,
And Fleicher Street has read the minutes through,
Weare all anticipation
For Sam Rhoads’ communication,
For we never know just what he means to do!

But we know that at a meeting
No matter who is speaking,

’Tis well worth while for each one to be there.
%

x *
Sometimes Will Baily brings some lantern slides
Or Billy Hughes a clutch or two of eggs;
Or Morris has a paper
On some canoeing caper,
Or Shryock talks of bones in wings or legs.

Perhaps Bob Moore will bring his tuning-fork
And tell us how the Chippy ought to sing;

Or Stuart urge perfection

In laws for bird protection,
While De Haven tells what game is on the wing.

68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

And we know that at a meeting
No matter who is speaking,
?Tis well worth while for each one to be there.
*
* *

When Weygandt reads a bird biography,
Each chair is filled and every man intent;
When Carter is the speaker,
Every member there is eager
For the novel observations he’!l present.

Sometimes we have a general debate
On the origin of migratory flight,
On protective coloration,
Or the length of incubation—
And the argument continues half the night.

But we know that at a meeting,
No matter who is speaking,
Tis well worth while for each one to be there.
*
ei cas,

Once a year we have a little spread,

Some cheese and crackers, oysters and the like,
And no matter what the weather,
We gather there together

To plan for meeting, camping-trip or hike.

For five and twenty years our Club has thrived,
And still we see no sign of its decay;

And may its ties grow stronger,

Its list of members longer,
And may it live for many another day.

And at every future meeting
No matter who is speaking,
Twill be well worth while for each one to be there !
*
*k OOK

Fifteen meetings were held during the year, the average at-
tendance being 23.67. This is so close to our high-water mark
of 24 that it should be an incentive to make the average attend-
ance for 1915 the highest in our history.

Devry
pales

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 69

The first Club outing of the year was held at New Lisbon,
N. J. February 23, 1915. Only ten members were in atten-
dance, there being a heavy fall of snow during the entire day.
The storm and cold was so intense as to render extended walking
prohibitive. A tramp of four miles brought to light but six spe-
cies of birds and ended with the accidental drenching of Dr.
Peet. The walkers then repaired to a bungalow belonging to
one of the members and passed the remainder of the day relat-
ing previous ornithological experiences.

*
* OX

The Decoration Day outing of the Club was held at Rushland,
Pa., May 380, 1915. Fifteen members attended. Fifty-two
species were noted. The following were found to be nesting in
the vicinity: Worm-eating Warbler, Bobolink, Grasshopper
Sparrow, Red-eyed Vireo (singing upon nest).

*

* O*

Two additions have been made to the Club collection of nests
and eggs of Pennsylvania and New Jersey birds during the year.
The nest and eggs of the Broad-winged Hawk were contributed
by Robert P. Sharples, and those of the Warbling Vireo by
George H. Stuart. Dr. E. Culver presented tree sections, one
containing a nest of the Bluebird and the other a nest of the
Tufted Tit. Many individual birds were also supplied from
the Benner collection. The following species whose nests are
still unrepresented should be kept in mind by our members on
their outings this spring.

Pied-billed Grebe. Black-billed Cuckoo.

Loon. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker.

American Bittern. Pileated Woodpecker.’

Sora Rail. Red-bellied Woodpecker.

Little Black Rail. Traill’s Flycatcher.

Coot. Prairie Horned Lark.

Solitary Sandpiper. Bobolink.

Bartramian Sandpiper (Field Bronzed Grackle.
Plover). Pine Finch.

1Only eggs desired.

70 PROCEEDINGS

Ruffed Grouse. Cliff Swallow.’

Wild Turkey. Black and White Warbler.’
Red-tailed Hawk. Golden-winged Warbler.
Bald Eagle. Nashville Warbler.

Duck Hawk. Mourning Warbler.
Long-eared Owl.’ Mockingbird.

Short-eared Owl. Bewick’s Wren.

Great Horned Owl.’ Red-bellied Nuthatch.*
Barred Owl. Golden-crowned Kinglet.
Saw-whet Owl. Gnatcatcher.’

1 Only eggs desired.

Bibliography, 1914

Papers relating to the birds of Pennsylvania, New Jersey and
Delaware:
BuruEieH, T. D. Birds seen on a Day’s Tramp in Allegheny
County, Pa., May 2, 1914. Odlogist, 1914, p. 190.
Carter, JAMES B. Just Notes [Southwest Pennsylvania].
Oodlogist, 1914, p. 231.

Diptock, Crcit. Starlingsand Cows. Bérd-Lore, 1914, p. 187.

Dickey, 8S. §. Bachman’s Sparrow a Summer Resident in
Southern Pennsylvania. Oélogist, 1914, p. 8.

Not positively identified. See also p. 42.

Nesting of the Northern Raven in Pennsylvania. Odélo-
gist, 1914, p. 28. In Clinton County.
Some Experiences with the Red-tailed Hawk. Odlogist,
1914, pp. 28-29.
The Pileated Woodpecker in Southwestern Pennsylvania.
Oologist, 1914, p. 105.
Nesting of the White-breasted Nuthatch in Central Penn-
sylvania. Odlogist, 1914, p. 66.
Worm-eating Warbler. Odlogist, 1914, p. 98.
The Golden-winged Warbler. Odlogist, 1914, p. 99.
Rough-winged and Bank Swallows. Odlogist, 1914, p.
154.
The Carolina Wren. Oodlogist, 1914, pp. 158-160.
Some Central Pennsylvania Birds. Odélogist, 1914, pp.
168-171.
The Killdeer. Odlogist, 1914, pp. 184-186.
Early June Birds of Cambria County, Pa. Odlogist, 1914,
pp. 206-207.

Hartow, R. C. Nesting Dates for Pennsylvania and New
Jersey. O6logist, 1914, p. 71.

Dates for one set each of 99 species collected during 1913. As neither

localities nor condition of eggs are given, the scientific value of the list is
much impaired.
(71)

he, PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Nesting of the Pileated Woodpecker. Odlogist, 1914, pp.
83-84.
Peculiar Nesting of the Scarlet Tanager. Odlogist, 1914,
eo Cf. also Darlington, E. J., same page.
After Great Blue Herons. Odlogist, 1914, p. 90.
A Peculiar Nest of Clapper Rail. Odlogist, 1914, p. 92.
Nesting of the Black and White Warbler. Odlogist, 1914,
p- 99.
Nesting of the Worm-eating Warbler in Huntingdon
County, Pa. Odlogist, 1914, p. 98.

HavutenBeck, R. F. Little Blue Heron in New Jersey. Bird-
Lore, 1914, p. 446. At Lake Hopatcong.

Kent, Epwarp G. Pileated Woodpecker in Northern New
Jersey. Burd-Lore, 1914, p. 116.

Kouter, L. S. Blue-winged Warbler. Oriole, 1914, ii, No.

Ziv vas
A June Day at Greenwood Lake, N. J. Oriole, 1914, ii,
Not 2 plo:

The Black and White Warbler. Odlogist, 1914, p. 94.
The Maryland Yellowthroat. Odlogist, 1914, p. 111.
The Yellow-breasted Chat. Odlogist, 1914, p. 116.
Lippincott, J. W. The Early Woodcock. Bird-Lore, 1914,
p. 186.
McConneELL, T. L. The Diary of a New Purple Martin Colony
for the Season of 1918. Bird-Lore, 1914, pp. 116-117.
Mitter, R. F. Starlings [at Philadelphia]. Odlogist, 1914,
p. 64.
The Cowbird in Philadelphia and Vicinity. Odlogist,
1914, pp. 67-71.
Data on 55 nests containing Cow-birds’ eggs.
Summer Residents of Pensauken Creek, N. J. Odlogist,
1914, p. 123.
Nesting of the Black-billed Cuckoo at Philadelphia.
Oologist, 1914, pp. 174-176.
Further Notes on the Summer Residents of Philadelphia
County. Odlogist, 1914, pp. 188-189.
Nesting of the Rose-breasted Grosbeak in South Jersey.
Odlogist, 1914, p. 221.

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB, ney

Large Sets of Birds’ Eggs. Odlogist, 1914, pp. 231-282.
Srupson, R. B. Broad-winged Hawk. Odélogist, 1914, p. 27.
Nesting at Warren, Pa.
A Flight of Pine Grosbeaks. Odlogist, 1914, pp. 53-54.
At Warren, Pa.

Cardinal at Warren, Pa. Odlogist, 1914, p. 80.
A Day of Records. Odlogist, 1914, p. 91.
The Warblers of Warren County, Pa. Odlogist, 1914, p.
LTO:
The Winter Wren. Odlogist, 1914, pp. 186-188.
A Great Flight of Grebes. Odlogist, 1914, p. 210.
The Solitary Vireo. Odlogist, 1914, p. 229.
Tuomas, C. AuBREY. Bird Notes from Kennett Square, Pa.
Burd-Lore, 1913, p. 111.
TrotrerR, W. H. An Abnormally-colored Scarlet Tanager.
Bird-Lore, 1914, p. 359.
An orange-yellow male breeding at Chestnut Hill.

TROTTER, SPENCER. The Bobolink Breeding in Southeastern.
Pennsylvania. Auk, 1914, p. 400.

Curistmas Lists. By Numerous Observers. Bird-Lore, 1914,
pp. 35-39.

CO-OPERATIVE STuDY oF Birp Micration. Data from several
Pennsylvania and New Jersey observers. Buard-Lore,,
1914, pp. 180-185.

OFFICERS AND MEMBERS

OF THE

Delaware Valley Ornithological Club.

1915.

STEWARDSON BROWN, President.

HENRY W. FOWLER, Vice-President.

J. FLETCHER STREET, Secretary, Beverly, N. J.
SAMUEL C. PALMER, Treasurer, Swarthmore, Pa.

ACTIVE MEMBERS.

WaiLTADt Ha BAILY, WATOmore, Va. yee Sevetejayeciarate oem sete een Founder.
STEWARDSON Brown, 20 E. Penn St., Germantown, Phila......... *1891
JOHN D. CarTER, Lansdowne, Delaware Co., Pa..............+5- 1900
i NORRIS (Dr (HAVEN) Ardmore, Partiaen saieaiyes siiearn eee seks 1891
ARTHUR C. EMLEN, Awbury, Germantown, Phila................ 1897
EEENRY) W.) HOWLER, “Eolmesbure, VPhila.. sic sie = yeni le leo 1894
WILLIAM E. HuGuHEs, M. D., 3945 Chestnut St., W. Phila......... 1891
OBERT TE MOORE,, Had donticld SING ile) =): -lejels ters oles ola oleh eters telat 1897
GEORGE SPENCER Morris, Olney, Phila..... SU AIA Se eran Sia Founder.
SAMUEL C. PALMER, PH. D., Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pa.. 1899
LEONARD 8. PEARSON, 5341 N. 13th St., Logan, Pa. ............. 1908
JULIAN K. PorrEer, 6th and Baily Sts., Camden, N. J............. 1911
JAMES A. G. REHN, 6033 Catherine St., Phila................... 1899
SAMUEL N. RuHoaps, Haddonfield, N. J. ................... Founder.
WiInnIAM E. ROBERTS, 5513 Irving St., Philas:. 2... 2.2.00. o ose 1901
WinErAnt “AS (SERVOCK, 216 (8.0 7thist., bila. iene mises sentra 1891
WITMER STONE, Sc. D., Academy Nat. Sciences, Phila......... Founder.
Je Iso 0Is Simo Ie adhe ING dst ossbognoncogscnddododss56 1903
GEORGE H. Stuart, 3RD, Girard Trust Co., Phila. ................ 1910

SPENCER TROTTER, M. D., Swarthmore College, Delaware Co., Pa. founder.

CORNELIUS WEYGANDT, PH. D., Wissahickon Ave. below Frank St.,
Germeantowarme ilar ie siatcl usteleichsseierctsnstenele ietetep cit eneietetcteletekekalatens 1891

SAMUEL, WEIGHT, ‘Conshohocken, UPa.) 1. 1s)... wile nejoinie oie seein stareetene 1892

* Date indicates year of election to Club.

(74)

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 76

ASSOCIATE MEMBERS.

GEORGE ABBOTT, JR., Moorestown, N. J... cece cece ecw essen 1908
ROBERT ADAMS.) In. 9 Oak uae, vEay ise csis'c cis sislsclclsis sa\s ole ec/s ule oes 1910
ATBERI 1.) AT, IRs ELAVEPLOLG, Eas): clere/erels se ieleiels «es cies eis ele « 1911
DAVIE UG ATR ISG VOrlye: UNmmuler telelaittey cVeletelaie a /sielaialsi(cialle! a's! 9) 016 «a's 2 1913
ee ee SATE Veo Dag) RICH ORC ul) Lee falsovsraicyal/ole\ess cls) «/4\'sie\ehets. «| 5/6 1910
EDWEN Do. DARTRAM.) Wa Wes aati. toiorala|aicis)s tie t)alele aishsie. «ails ele lsle «0 1's 1908
GRORGEDEAUT Ye) Rep Overly iN betalalistes setais laiatelalaitelelelielolalevetel «)'0) =) «16 ufylal
ARCHIBALD) BENNERS) Ambler) danieaialelcloiis lalellslelolellelahs\ sls) 0) +) «et el0) ole 6 1913
GEORGE B. BENNERS, Ambler, Pave. fi. i css. sew ew sees e we 1913
Henry 8S. Borneman, 801 Franklin Bank Bld., Phila............. 1913
R. R. Porter BRADFORD, 146 W. Lehigh Ave., Phila.............. 1913
PauL C. BREWER, 261 W. Rittenhouse St., Germantown ......... 1906
Lewis S. Byrom, 127 W. Susquehanna Ave., Phila............... 1909
Epwarp L. Caum, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pa. ........ 1914
Francis R. Cops, Jr., E. Washington Lane, Germantown, Phila. .. 1895
DrEnos! H. Cunver, Addingham) Pav... 2. ee sees ees 1913
C. E. Enincrr, M. D:., West Chester, Pa. .................----- 1909
Wo. 8S. Essicx, Union Trust Co. Bld., Harrisburg, Pa........... 1908
JOSEPH, S. HivANS, Marlton, No Dec... 5 5 cine slic eimaiele em icle won o's = 1913
WILLIAM B. EVANS, Westtown, Pa................0.ssseeeeeees 1898
GEORGE ForsytH, West Chester (Route 4), Chester Co., Pa....... 1891
RANK eM OSPER. Ta VeTnORG,) slr cls si. tjelesefa/helayelalo|s is) o)=).=0))*1=)>) 2 1912
STEPHEN FuGUET, 1027 Spruce St., Phila...................+--s 1911
BaRTRAM W. GRIFFITHS, 536 8S. 48th St., Phila.................. 1902
ARTHUR F. Hacar, 626 Westview Ave., Germantown, Phila....... 1906
SamueEt S. Harnss, M. D., 124 E. Main St., Moorestown, N. J..... 1901
Grorce H. HauueTt, Haverford College, Haverford, Pa. ......... 1911
Davin E. Harrower, Swarthmore, Pa.................-..e-e0- 1905
Haro~p M. HaRROwER, Swarthmore, Pa. .................--e0-- 1914
Puitie H. Howarp, Swarthmore, Pa. .................seeeeeee- 1914
(CHUM! SL JUNC, IDIDSY INEGI, IA Yoeucbodsocpooosuecogss00KD 1906
Witiiam W. Justice, Jr., 7803 St. Martins Lane, Chestnut Hill,
Una ear Pete ey ela a ele novel ee Ue acalaye patel shaltchel SMe ol al oyeiialiafa/a4) sici'o/aa{a\s) si) « 1893
NatHan Kire, Moylan, Delaware Co., Pa. ..........0ceeeeeeeee 1898
JOHN DrypEN Kuser, Bernardsville, N. J..............-------- 1911
‘SSHIPPEN LEWIS, 1820 Pine St., Phila.................-..-20--- 1912
M. AtBert Linton, 409 Chestnut St., Phila................----- 1905
JOSEPH B. Lopez, 3340 N. Sixteenth St., Phila. ................ 1900
PARKE L. LONGNECKER, DDS., 2015 Chestnut St., Phila........... 1910
Davip N. McCappEn, 5039 Osage Ave., W. Phila...........--.--- 1892
RicHarpD C. McMurrriz, Fort Washington, Pa. ............---- 1904
SaMuEL Mason, Jr., 522 Locust Ave., Germantown, Pa..........- 1913
Guy F. Meyers, 1010 8S. Forty-seventh St., W. Phila. .........--. 1896

Jas. WATTS Mercur, Wallingford, Pa. ...........---20seeee eee 1914

76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Isaac P. Mintzer, 409 Chestnut St., Phila. ..............2..000 1907
Ricwarp F. Minter, 2073 BE. Tioga St., Phila. ................. 1908
WiuiiAm O. Minuer, 5002 Larchwood Ave., Phila............... 1910
IDR B.W | NEERCHEnG, O26 (Pine St. iPlay i see Mane aon ioe 1914
WAYNE B. MorReELL, 5525 Jefferson St., Phila. ................. 1905
WILLIAM HENRY NEWBOLD, 511 Chestnut St., Phila............... 1913
Epwarp Norris, St. Martins, Chestnut Hill, Phila. .............. 1914.
FREDERICK OLDACK, 2008 N. Marvine St., Phila................. 1911
JESSE (BE. PACKER, | NOFWOOG, Vases. Ne wets mateiee ele ace a oleae ee eae 1911
CHARLES W. PALMER, Westtown Boarding School, Chester Co., Pa. 1919
Max M. PEET, M. D., University of Pennsylvania, Phila........... 1913
WILLIAM PEPPER, M. D., 1811 Spruce St., Phila......... eee ei ibe J 1912
CHARLES PLATT, 3RD, E. Graver’s Lane, Chestnut Hill, Phila..... 1912
HARD Ta. POOuE, (2027 UN 2obh) St.) melita eee. ee) aicraie em nua iat 1910
JAMES F', PRENDERGAST, M. D., 4012 Chestnut St., W. Phila....... 1899
CHARLES J. RHoaps, 406 Chestnut St., Phila. ................... 1896
S: HARD RIDDLE, Yi.) Ma CopAs Chester! (Pa. sec dec sulle see elder teene 1910
ANTHONY W. Rosinson, 409 Chestnut St., Phila. ............... 1898
WILT 3. Scmeuine i317 UNG Gad ests) eebtlar ) serve elses eee 1893
SAMUEL SCOVILLE, JR., Penna. Bldg., 15th & Chestnut Sts., Phila... 1907
C. Few Seiss, 1338 Spring Garden St., Phila. .................. 1882
Epwarp A. SELLIEZ, 1317 N. Nineteenth St., Phila. ............. 1902
WiLEAN: | Ji: SERRE, Haverford, \ bebe) se ietei-islsyapvleletsveyein ini treier vepe patel 1891
DONALD SHERBERD: (lad donfield Nie dijitule slercinys: pelele setebetel cis a ae 1913
WALTER G. SIBLEY, 6626 McCallum St., Germantown, Phila. ...... 1900
Lh SMITE, JE... 3908 Chestiuti st, | We lonley clean aere en 1901
WALTER GORDON SMITH, Eyebrow, Saskatchewan, Canada.......... 1898
WILLIAM H. StRANG, 27714 Chestnut St., Camden, N. J. ........ 1907
JOSEPH CSSUDDERS, Olney Mena own ieitc als midis Me leunelsh eee) aa eset 1910
SAMUEL A. TaTNALL, 409 Chestnut St., Phila. ................... 1910
DOSEPE: Wie WAT UUNG PANTIE OTS \uIN (a eliciasielaperaie vse ieicts evesnieis oven steda iia even 1892
Francis H. Tomiin, DDS., Haddonfield, N. J..................- 1909
WithtAM He) Troprer. Chestnut all) Pala. es ope ee ciole eens areas 1899
HENRY) DOCKER, IME D:,/2000) Pine St. Phila. /c/). ccd ee cs center 1906
CHARLES A. VOELKER, Aldan, Delaware Co., Pa. ............ Founder.
PAUL IVGSBERG. MoT OVATCR tte, EDI: Gc acis bie lelaletetaueie sleneiietale melee 1905
An LOW IHEBEER, MET. Widower yan IMLer wars! iain heneyeini ea ela yeteete) ke ciety etal 1905
ALBERT LL. WHITAKER, Cedar Grove, Frankford, Phila. .......... 1896
JAMES L. WHITAKER, Cedar Grove, Frankford, Phila. ........... 1904
WALTER R. WHITE, Lansdowne, Delaware Co., Pa. .............. 1903
Epwarp L. WILDMAN, 4331 Osage Ave., Phila.................... 1914
PRAN CIS WINDER WNVeEStU Chester, van) lai iii sevene bina re cians ielaeercliet ete 1910

Epwarp W. Woouman, 44 N. Thirty-eighth St., W. Phila. ....... 1902

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. (iti

HONORARY MEMBER.

WiLL1AM Louis Asport, M. D., London England ................ 1912
CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.
CHARLES H. Baker, Verona, Alleghany Co., Pa. ...........+.0-- 1900
OPE BAVNARD, |) CLOArW AGO, Aas ciulalerers sl alslalaulsilalajatolsleielele/.s)\t/e/e\/el\s)/s 1911
THOMAS! J. BEANS, Moorestown, No Jo ceo. c ccc eee ewes ce sene 1895
PM RACAN ERE 4 SeNnnin os VU Cain lapaena miele talclelaletslelisletelsl ee) cl/alela\‘e\ eta) eis 1897
OnTo SEAR uO pez. Sullivan COs Er demeiels ee ralcialaloletel sfallavetaielesle\ a)istalct’s 1897
Pe See SOW DISH DOMArESt, | INI eleliveialesisiele\elalelal of sraiestale) eh ichiel al alel shsitate)s 1913
W. H. Buuier, Marietta, Lancaster Co., Pa. ... 0... cece eee aees 1895
CHARLES BuvinGcER, M. D., Newark, N. J. .......052....2 0 cesses 1900
HERBERT L. Coccins, 770 Mission St., San Francisco, Cal......... 1897
WILLIAM J. CRESSON, Box 249, Pittsburg, Pa. ..........0-seeee- 1899
Lieut. FRANK B. Eastman, U.S. A., Chester Military Academy, Pa. 1898
MEARGU Si. WARE UE MTACOLODS INa al) arel aevaleralatelolalatsl a] celetalsi/alsleetis\ol ere 1901
Aurrmp Mi Grramns,! New York |Ciby occas loc ets ojesie e s)ae(eie «lel 1895
ERASE etl GVATTAM Wve Clans Callen eletielceiaie sistarsialolel el atelayelelelntel atais 1897
AGUNG He GROSH WY Oni aYOrka GOs Ertalicyatale sister /alare) als lelanal ole) s/eleleial= 1900
H. WALKER Hanp, 1002 Washington St., Cape May, N. J........ 1900
VV MieeE SEDARIN Mops ly amt a MASS De ictelahel are) Spelallelleloatofolsie/elo) sie) \e\elatereisl< 1901
RicHarp C. Hartow, State College, Pa.....................0-> 1904
Tuomas R. Hitt, Bee Building, Omaha, Neb. .................. 1908
MRM NV Ae) ENN Oakes ane wD: ais stereo) abel oa2 .e\alal «Va o\ol.e/shaiel 1902
THOMAS H. JACKSON, West Chester, Pa. ...........2.ceeceeees 1895
J. WARREN JACOBS, Waynesburg, Greene Co., Pa. ..........00-- 1895
THomas D. Keim, 405 Radcliffe St., Bristol, Pa. ...............- 1902
RAYMOND Kuster, Williamsport, Paw)... 0. sce cece eens cone 1892
SAMUEL B. LApD, Reading, Pai... 2.0.6. eee w tee ee cece e ee eee 1895
W. H. LinBeLSPERGER, Fleetwood, N. J......... cece cee eee eees 1913
PAT vice GORRIMEE, |) Baltimore. NEG) <7. /8)2 2/5 o)aye'a'a) alalels\ ja lele's + + 3 1904
IP nyveete ee Mates) MASON Ebay velataarel Steralabs fofevalajatelct«\/s/eis |e) a)sl =) 4)is/aihn) <= 1909
WALDRON DE W. Muir, Plainfield, N. J. .............--2-220s 1900
Howarp Y. PENNELL, M. D., Downingtown, Pa. ...............- 1894
AGM OLDIE EE Sy Erinl COLOMS Need aliatele) cleo evaiiel stel(si ale ol erelisle}'ele)/s} s\iclielai sie) = 1895
ALFRED C. REDFIELD, Cambridge, Mass..............0eeeeeeeees 1908
H. Justin Roppy, State Normal School, Millersville, Lane. Co., Pa. 1895
CHas. H. Rogers, 240 So. Broad St., Elizabeth, N. J........... 1905
RoBert P. SHARPLES, West Chester, Pa. ..........ceeeeeeeceees 1906
CHE SILVESTER, | ETANCELOM WIN Pua iaiclays sho alalalic/ atte x a/c\/e\a|e + e's /<1s) #1 s'/6 1901
R. B. Stmpson, Warren, Warren Co., Pa. ........e0seee eee eeees 1907
FREDERICK SORENSEN, Chalmersgarten, Gothenburg, Sweden ..... 1900
REYNOLD A. SPAETH, Cambridge, Mass. ............02ceeeeeeees 1901
FREDERICK W. Stack, Doubleday Page and Oo., N. Y. City ....... 1905

Hueu HE. STonu, Coatesville, Pa. ........... ee eee cece ee tee eee 1895

78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

EOVAS) SURBA GE) Detar Dit Et cine lists ioe peiale/ edn lalate) aielelatete ete etatetal 1900
CA SVOVESTER, Se DIN GCELOM MIN. Velie yo) eters) a) ele) ele \sheh el jel o¥ol exe ielt et euetateiene 1901
W. E. Cuype Topp, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburg, Pa. ........... 1895
HENRY WARRINGTON, San Francisco, Cal. ...........0. eee eeeeee 1896.
SAGE INVA SEIG SOLO FIN ojala is (atsye nya eliriels eta iatershetalalete ncaa tala cetele 1902
Wrutiam L. WHITAKER, Ada, Okla. ..............0. cece vecves 1893
Js daes Wass, (Chili, JERS Abs oko dangeboebedoob0GGKuEHe Cds 1904
Ropert T. Youne, State University, N. Dakota................. 1892
DECEASED MEMBERS. Died.
JOHN FarNuM Brown, Active member................ May 13, 1894
Wa.Ter D. BusuH, Corresponding member........... August 11, 1904
WILLIAM B. CRISPIN, Corresponding member............ May 9, 1913
JOHN W. DETWILLER, M. D., Corresponding member September 26, 1898
Ernest M. Evans, Associate member...............--- June 29, 1911
HENRY HALES, Corresponding member............. November 6, 1913
LaRvst K. HouMEs, Corresponding member ............ May 10, 1900
JOSIAH HOopPES, Corresponding member..)........... January 16, 1904
Avucust Kocu, Corresponding member ........... February 15, 1907
GILBERT H. Moore, Associate member ................ May 28, 1899
ELMER ONDERDONK, Associate member............. September 4, 1913
FREDERICK N. OwEN, Associate member .......... December 27, 1905
WILLIAM PATTERSON, Corresponding member ........ August 27, 1900
CHAS. J. PENNOCK, Active member (disappeared),........ May 15, 1913
M. W. Raus, M. D., Corresponding member............ August 8, 1914
FRANCIS W. RAWLE, Associate member ............. .. June 12, 1911
Epwin SHEPPARD, Associate member ................-- April 7, 1904
Witiam W. SmitH, Associate member ................ July 3, 1892
CHARLES S. WELLES, Associate member ............ February 24, 1914
Witt1am H. WERNER, Corresponding member.......... May 13, 1912

SAMUEL W. WoopHouss, M. D., Honorary member... October 23, 1904

INDEX TO SPECIES.

Every mention of a bird, either by common or technical name, except in the
Migration Report, Bird Notes and Club Notes, is indexed under the current

technical name of the species.

Accipiter cooperi, 22
Actitis macularia, 19
Aegialitis semipalmata, 10
Agelaius p. pheeniceus, 18, 19
Anas rubripes, 14, 19
platyrhynchos, 19
Antrostomus vy. vociferus, 30
Archilochus colubris, 33
Ardea h. herodias, 19, 72

Beolophus bicolor, 21, 26, 33
Bombycilla cedrorum, 31
Buteo b. borealis, 71
platypterus, 73
Butorides v. virescens, 19, 22

Cardinalis c. cardinalis, 20, 26, 32, 33,
73

Cathartes a. septentrionalis, 10

Ceryle alcyon, 19

Charitonetta albeola, 14, 19

Coccyzus a. americanus, 31
erythrophthalmus, 31, 72

Colaptes a. luteus, 18, 33, 35

Corvus b. brachyrhynchos, 10, 11, 13,
14, 18, 22

c. principalis, 71
Cyanocitta c. cristata, 6

Dafila acuta, 14

Dendroica x, estiva ,19, 33
c. cxerulescens, 33, 34, 35
magnolia, 33, 34, 35
pennsylvanica, 33, 24

Dolichonyx oryzivorus, 11, 73

Dryobates p. medianus, 18

villosus, 18

Dumetella carolinensis, 30, 31

EHreunetes pusillus, 10
Erismatura jamaicensis, 14

Falco p. anatum, 15, 16
Florida cezrulea, 72

Gallinago delicata, 19
Geothlypis t. trichas, 18, 19, 21, 24, 25,
72

Helodromas s. solitarius, 19
Helmitheros vermivorus, 22, 71, 72
Hirundo erythrogastra, 10, 31
Hydrochelidon n. surinamensis, 11
Hylocichla g. pallasii, 32, 34, 35
mustelina, 18, 22, 28, 29,
31, 35

Icteria v. virens, 20, 72

Icterus spurius, 32
galbula, 6, 31

Iridoprocne bicolor, 19, 22

Junco hyemalis hyemalis, 6, 20, 26

Lanivireo s, solitarius, 31, 32, 73
Larus argentatus, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15
atricilla, 10
delawarensis, 10, 11, 12
philadelphia, 9, 10
Lophortyx c. vallicola, 6

Melanerpes erythrocephalus, 4
Melospiza georgiana, 19
m. melodia, 19, 20, 26, 28,
32, 33

Mergus americanus, 14, 19

serrator, 19
Mimus p. polyglottos, 30
Mniotilta varia, 25, 33, 34, 35, 72
Molothrus a. ater, 32, 72
Myiarchus crinitus, 35
Myiochanes virens, 18

(79)

80

Namus h. hiemalis, 20, 73
Nyticorax n. nevius, 19, 22

Oporornis formosus, 21, 22
Oxyechus vociferus, 19, 71

Pandion h. carolinensis, 16

Passerella i. iliaca, 20

Passerina cyanea, 19, 29, 30, 33

Penthestes a. atricapillus, 25,26, 33, 34
c. carolinensis, 25, 26, 28

Peucea estivalis bachmani, 71

Petrochelidon 1, lunifrons, 32

Philohela minor, 32, 72

Phlceotomus p. abieticola, 71, 72

Pinicola 1. leucura, 73

Pipilo e. erythrophthalmus, 30, 33, 35

Piranga erythromelas, 31, 32, 72, 73

Planesticus m. migratorius, 26, 27, 28,

30, 31, 33
Podilymbus podiceps, 19
Progne s. subis, 72

Quiscalus q. quiscula, 13

Rallus c, crepitans, 72
Riparia riparia, 10, 19, 71

-Sayornis phoebe, 19, 26

INDEX TO SPECIES.

Seiurus aurocapillus, 22, 24, 30
n, noveboracensis, 20
Setophaga ruticilla, 32, 33, 34, 35
Sialia s. sialis, 26, 31
Sitta c. carolinensis, 71
Sphyrapicus v. varius, 18
Spizella m. monticola, 20, 26
p- passerina, 30, 31, 32
p. pusilla, 20, 26
Stelgidopteryx serripennis, 19, 22, 71
Sturnella m. magna, 6, 26, 28
Sturnus vulgaris, 71, 72

Thryothorus 1. ludovicianus, 18, 20
24, 26, 71

Totanus melanoleucus, 10

Troglodytes ae. aedon, 30

Vermivora chrysoptera, 71
pinus, 20, 72
r. rubricapilla, 33
Vireosylva olivacea, 18, 31, 33
Vireo g. griseus, 21

Wilsonia citrina, 20
canadensis, 33, 34, 35

Zamelodia ludoviciana, 22, 73
Zenaidura m. carolinensis, 32
Zonotrichia albicollis, 20, 26

ASSINIA| |
| ae

N\A on

at y PH me “

‘ ee ne : UNE A]

_CASSINIA

An Annual Devoted to the Othithelbey of
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware

CONTENTS 1915

PAGE
Titian Ramsay Peale (Frontispiece) WITMER STONE
Nesting Birds of Pocono Lake (Zwo Plates) J. FLETCHER STREET 14
Days with the Blue-gray Gnatcatcher and Prothonotary ? £2 aie

Warbler GEORGE H. STUART 3RD. 24 —
Egg and Nestling Destruction JuLian K. Porrer 30! fs:
Mortality Among Birds at Philadelphia, May 21st-22nd,

1915 DELos E, CULVER Ree x}
Bird Notes 3 38
Report of the Spring Migration of 1915 WITMER STONE 39
Abstract of the Proceedings of the Delaware Valley Sie oT

ical Club for 1915 J. FLETCHER STREET 56 .
Club Notes: Notes and News : ~ 61
Bibliography for 1915 63
List of Officers and Members of the D, V. O. c, 1916 66
Index to Species % aay

PUBLICATIONS OF THE D. V. O. C.

The Birds of Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey, by

Witmer Stone, pp. 176 with two maps and portrait of Ae ae

Alex. Wilson. One Dollar and a half. (Post paid $1.62) Asam
Abstract of Proceedings, Full Set Nos. I-IV. (1890-1900) pp. 98, Fifty cents
Cassinia, published annually beginning with 1901 ; comprising

papers relating to the Ornithology of Pennsylvania,

New Jersey and Delaware, and an abstract of the pro-

ceedings of the Club, Edited beginning with No. XV,

1911, by Robert Thomas Moore. Subscription price Fifty cents

cigs 0

ee ae :

ph Nera
Soe Fe

Address Delaware Valley Ornithological Club,
Care Academy of Natural Sciences,
Logan Square, Philadelphia.

Contributed articles, books, and all publications should be sent to Mr. Robert
Thomas Moore, Haddonfield, N. j.

Publication Committee
GEORGE SPENCER Morris, Chairman,
Dr, SAMUEL C. PALMER, FRANCIS R. Corr, ROBERT THOMAS Moore.

CASSINIA

PROCEEDINGS OF THE DELAWARE
VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB

No. XIX. PHILADELPHIA, PA. 1915.

Titian Ramsey Peale

BY WITMER STONE

To the naturalist the name of Peale is probably more closely
associated with the museum, conducted by members of the
family in Philadelphia during the early part of the last century,
than it is with the personality of the individuals to whom the
museum owed its existence.

To the artist and historian on the other hand the name at
once recalls the portraits of Washington and other revolutionary
heroes which were painted by Charles Willson Peale, the founder
of the museum. The artistic associations of the name are
further emphasized in the surnames of some of the sons of
Charles Willson Peale, who were christened: Raphael, Rem-
brandt, Rubens and Titian. The second of these was probably
a better artist than his father, while all seem to have shared the
gift in greater or less degree.

Titian, the youngest son, was the naturalist of the family,
his father’s interests in this line being always those of the prep-
arateur rather than of the scientific investigator. The life of
the son was however so obviously influenced by the environ-
ment of the museum, and the history of the museum so closely

2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

interwoven with the life of the father, that any biography of
Titian Peale must of necessity be prefaced by a brief sketch of
Charles Willson and the famous institution which he established.*

Charles Willson Peale was born at Chestertown, Queen Anne
County, Maryland, April 15, 1741. His father Charles Peale
had emigrated from England about 1726 and taught school in
Maryland until his death in 1750. Charles Willson and his
mother then removed to Annapolis and we find him at the age
of thirteen apprenticed to a saddler, while at twenty-one he is
married and engaged in the saddlery business on his own ac-
count.

At the age of twenty-four he discovered his talent for portrait
painting and after studying under several masters, including
Benjamin West of London, he established himself in Phila-
delphia in 1774 and began his professional career as an artist.
Service in the Pennsylvania militia during the Revolution in-
terrupted his work, but at the close of the war he reestablished
himself at Third and Lombard streets, adding to his house a —
large room to serve as a studio and art gallery. Here were
placed as ornaments various natural curiosities presented to him
by friends; and as this display increased, he conceived the idea of
converting his gallery into a museum of natural history. Peale
worked diligently to carry out his idea and fora time, owing
to neglect of his portrait painting, he was in sore straits finan-
cially. He accumulated many specimens mainly ‘‘large and
striking to the sight’’, as he tells us in his unpublished auto-
biography,’ while he devoted much time in devising methods
of preserving them from decay and the ravages of insect pests.
His museum was opened in 1784, and at once attracted much
attention. It soon outgrew its quarters and was transferred to
the hall of the American Philosophical Society of which Peale

1For the data upon which this sketch is based the writer would make
especial acknowledgment to a biographical sketch of Titian R. Peale by Dr.
A. C. Peale (Bull. Philos. Soc. Washington, xiv, pp. 317-326), and to an
account of Peale’s Museum by Dr. Howard Sellers Colton (Pop. Sci. Monthly
Ixxv, pp. 221-238). Cf. also an article by Witmer Stone (Auk., 1899, pp.
166-177).

2 Cf. Colton.

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB 3

had been chosen curator and librarian. He rented the part of
the building required for his museum and apparently made his
residence there also. The transfer of the collection was effected
in a spectacular manner. He says: ‘‘To take advantage of
public curiosity, I contrived to make a very considerable parade
of the articles, especially those which were large. As boys are
generally very fond of parade, I collected all the boys of the
neighborhood. At the head of the parade was carried on men’s
shoulders the American buffalo, the panthers, tiger cats, and a
long string of animals carried by the boys. The parade from
Lombard Street to the Hall brought all the inhabitants to their
doors and windows to see the cavalcade. It was fine fun for
_the boys. They were willing to work in such a novel removal
‘and saved me some expense in moving the delicate articles.’’ *

Later on a board of twenty-five directors was formed with
Thomas Jefferson as president in an effort to make the museum
a great national institution and to obtain legislative aid for its
improvement. In 1802 it was moved to Independence Hall
which had been vacated by Congress. The whole second floor
and tower were devoted to housing the collections, while Rem-
brandt Peale had his studio on the first floor. By 1805 and
probably earlier the name, ‘‘ Philadelphia Museum ’’, had been
adopted and in subsequent years there has often arisen a con-
fusion between this museum and that of the Academy of Nat-
ural Sciences. Many types and historic specimens, recorded as
being in the the ‘‘ Philadelphia Museum,”’ have been errone-
ously credited to the Academy.

The extent of Peale’s collection, especially for that early per-
iod, was really astonishing. Not only were the series of birds,
mammals and reptiles reasonably complete in the then known
species—even to the ‘‘Platipus’’ and ‘‘ Orang Outang’’ but
there were specimens which would attract attention anywhere
today, notably two mounted skeletons of the Mastodon. Many
museum methods which we associate with comparatively recent
years were practiced in Peale’s exhibits. Groups of birds and
mammals with painted backgrounds illustrating their habits

1 Colton.

4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

or habitats were installed, while framed copies of published
matter descriptive of certain exhibits were mounted near them.
Other frames contained, what we should now call, synoptical
‘collections of certain groups with full descriptive labels ; while
microscopes with insects etc. arranged under them were availa-
ble to the visitor. Special exhibits included a wolf tearing a
Jamb to pieces and we are told that the papier-mache entrails
‘of the latter from the skilled and realistic hands of Rubens
Peale bulged out so naturally that they appeared living and in
motion. There was also a ‘‘ South American Mermaid ’’—half
fish and half hairless, dried monkey. *

This was about 1820, but a catalogue of the museum pub-
lished in 1805 gives us an idea of its extent at a much earlier
date. ‘‘ There are now in the collection’’, it states, ‘‘ perhaps
all the birds belonging to the middle, many of which likewise
belong to the Northern and Southern States and a considerable
number from South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and New
Holland and the recently discovered islands in the South Seas.
The number exceeds 760 without the admission of any dupli-
cates, contained in 140 cases.’’ The mammals included ‘‘ the
Orang Outang or wild man of the woods. The Crested Porcu-
pine, some of whose quills measure 18 in., the American and
New Holland ditto, Madagascar Bats (measuring 4 ft. from tip
to tip). The Lama or Camel of South America, the untameable
Hyaena and fierce Jackall, American Elks, the Picary, remark-
able for a secretary organ on its back. The slow-moving
Bradypus or Sloth, Antelopes from Africa, the Indian Musk of
astonishing agility and the Kangaroo or Opossum from Botany
Bay etce.”’

The ornithological specimens of most importance in Peale’s
museum were Wilson’s types of North American birds, the
originals of the descriptions in his ‘‘ American Ornithology.”’
Some of these were apparently collected and presented by him
and under each species in his work is given the catalogue num-
ber of a specimen exhibited in the museum. There were also
some types of George Ord, Bonaparte and Say. Fortunately

1Colton.

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB 5

many of these have been preserved and are now in the Museum

of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, while two others, the
types of the Broad-winged Hawk and Mississippi Kite, are in the
Philadelphia Academy and one, the Cape May Warbler, is in
Vassar College.’

Charles Willson Peale withdrew from the active management
of the museum in 1808 and retired to his home ‘‘ Belfield’’ in
Germantown, leaving his sons in control. He died February
22, 1827.

In 1821 he had had the museum company incorporated, the
five trustees being with one exception members of his family.
Following his death the museum moved in 1828 to the Arcade
building on Chestnut Street above Sixth, and in 1838 to a fine
building at Ninth and Chestnut, where the Continental Hotel
now stands. Here in 1846 financial depression resulted in the
failure of the concern which in strenuous efforts to maintain an
existence had added vaudeville and other attractions. The
collections were sold at auction, the natural history material
being largely kept together and exhibited until 1850, when P. T.
Barnum and Moses Kimball secured it at sheriff’s sale and
it went to museums which they maintained in New York and
Boston. Most of the specimens were later destroyed by fires
which consumed several of Barnum’s establishments.

Thus ended an enterprise which during the days of its pros-
perity exerted a wonderful influence on the development of
science in America and to which Charles Lucien Bonaparte
refers ay ‘‘an enterprise, accomplished alone and unaided,
that could hardly have been exceeded under the fostering hand
of the most powerful government.’’* The details of the mu-
seum’s history are fascinating reading and are well worthy of
detailed study, but this brief outline will suffice to show us the
nature of the environment which surrounded young Titian
Ramsay Peale, the subject of the present sketch, and the influ-
ence which it must have exerted in shaping his life.

He was born in 1800 in the Hall of the Philosophical Society.

10f. Faxon. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. LIX, No. 3, pp. 119-148.
2 Amer. Ornith., vol. ii.

6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

His mother was the second wife of Charles Willson Peale,
Elizabeth de Peyster, a descendant of Johannes de Peyster, who
came over to New Amsterdam about 1645. Titian was named
after his half-brother who had died at the age of eighteen after
giving great promise as a naturalist. He was educated at Ger-
mantown and Montgomery County schools, though it seems
probable that he derived quite as much inspiration and knowl-
edge from the great museum and its founder as from his school-
teachers. At the age of seventeen he was elected a member of
the Academy of Natural Sciences and in the autumn of the
same year was one of a party to visit the Sea Islands and adja-
cent coast of Georgia and east Florida. His associates were
William McClure, Thomas Say and George Ord.

Say, describing this trip in a letter to Rev. John F. Mels-
heimer’ under date of June 10, 1818, says: ‘‘I accompanied
the president of our Academy, Mr. Wm. McClure (a gentleman
well known in Europe and America for science and beneficence)
in his carriage by easy journies as far as Charleston ; we then
took the steamboat to Savannah and sent on the carriage by
land. At Savannah we met our companions, Messrs. Ord and
Peale, who had arrived a day or two before us from Philadelphia
by sea. Here the carriage and horses were sold and we chart-
ered a sloop of about thirty tons burden and after laying in our
stores and necessarys we commenced our journey toward the
promised land.’’

They stopped at each of the Sea Islands and ascended the
‘‘St. Juan’’ river as far as Picolata, crossing from there to St.
Augustine on foot where they presented their passports to the
Governor, for Florida was then a Spanish province. Finding it
impossible on account of the hostility of the Indians to follow
out their plans, the party was forced to return to Charleston,
stopping again at the Sea Islands and embarking in the spring
of 1818 on a packet ship for Philadelphia. Unfortunately Say’s
letter makes no mention of the vertebrate collections and the
only ornithological results of the trip were two papers pub-

1Tn library Acad. Nat. Sci. See also publication in Entom. News, 1901,
pp. 234-236 et seg., by W. J. Fox.

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB 7

lished by Ord on the Florida Jay and Boat-tailed Grackle,*
and a number of specimens secured by Peale and deposited for
the most part in his father’s museum.

The year after their return Say, then thirty-two years of age,
was selected as zoologist on Major Long’s expedition to the
Rocky Mountains, and Peale, a youth of nineteen, was engaged
as his assistant. Say writes to Melsheimer on March 13, 1819:
‘Mr. T. Peale will accompany me to prepare skins of such ani-
mals as may be discovered.’’ Long’s instructions to Peale show
more explicitly what was expected of him. He says: ‘f Mr.
Peale will officiate as assistant naturalist. In the several de-
partments above enumerated his services will be required in
collecting specimens suitable to be preserved, in dating and de-
lineating them, in preserving the skins etc., of animals, and in
sketching the stratifications of rocks, earths, etc., as presented
on the declivities of precipices.’’ He received $1.50 per day
and Say $2.00 each being allowed one ration per day until they
left Council Bluffs.

Peale’s half-brother Rembrandt, who was twenty-two years
his senior, wrote him at this time: ‘‘I suspect that you will be
the only draughtsman; I therefore recommend you to practice
immediately sketching from nature. I know how well you
draw when you have the object placed quietly before you; but
if you practice sketching from human figures as well as animals
and trees, hills, cataracts, etc., you will be able to present us
with many curious and interesting representations. Get into
the habit of making notes of everything as it occurs, no matter
how short. Memoranda written at the moment have always
an interest of accuracy that distant recollections never have.”’
This last sentence is admirable advice and as true today as when
it was written, even though the camera has in a great measure
removed the necessity for sketching.

Long’s expedition followed the regular highway to the fron-
tier—the Ohio river; down which Lewis and Charles had gone
in 1803 to join their men; down which in 1808 went Audubon
and his bride to establish himself in business in Kentucky; and

1Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Vol. I.

8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

down which in 1810 Alexander Wilson had guided his little
row-boat the ‘‘Ornithologist’’ on his trip to New Orleans.
They left Pittsburgh on May 5, 1819, reaching St. Louis June
9 and Council Bluffs (near the present city of Omaha) in the
early autumn, and here passed the winter. The summer of
1820 was spent in exploring the eastern base of the central
Rocky Mountains, returning to the mouth of the Ohio by No-
vember. The Rocky Mountain party consisted of twenty per-
sons with twenty riding animals and eight pack-horses, each
man carrying his personal belongings. Peale was one of a side
party under Dr. James which made the first ascent of Pike’s
Peak; Pike after whem it was named having merely viewed it
from a distance. To Peale would seem to belong all the credit
for the discovery of the many new birds, which date from this
expedition, since we have Bonaparte’s word that he procured
them and drew them on the spot.’

Say in a letter to Melsheimer under date of August 29, 1821
speaks of the task of describing the new birds and quadrupeds
having been added to his duties in connection with the prepara-
tion of the report of the expedition. One would infer that he
had expected Peale or some one else to attend to this work as
his interests were mainly with the invertebrates. Possibly this
fact may account for the meager treatment of the vertebrates in
Long’s report, or possibly Say was aware that Bonaparte in his
forthcoming continuation of Wilson’s Ornithology proposed to
publish full accounts of all the birds, as well as colored plates of
them, engraved from Peale’s sketches. Bonaparte’s work ap-
peared in 1825 and he does full honor to Peale’s labors on the
Long expedition at the same time praising him as a ‘‘ painter-
naturalist.’’

The first ornithological novelty of the expedition was appar-
ently the Lark Sparrow procured near the mouth of the Missouri
while at the camp near Omaha were secured the first specimens
of the Orange-crowned Warbler and Yellow-headed Blackbird.
In Douglas County, Colorado, not far from the present site of
Denver were discovered the Band-tailed Pigeon and Rock Wren

1 Bonaparte’s Amer. Ornith., preface to vol. i.

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB 9

and at Colorado Springs as they turned southward they obtained
the Dusky Grouse. The Lazuli Bunting and Cliff Swallow
were secured near the present Canyon City and reaching Pueblo.
on the return march the House Finch and Arkansas Goldfinch
were added to the collection of novelties. Near La Junta in
southeastern Colorado they secured the type specimen of the
Arkansas Flycatcher and not far away Say’s Phoebe. Several
other birds previously known only from Mexico were added to
our fauna through Peale’s energy on this expedition. The sci-
entific collections, as reported, consisted of 60 skins of animals
rare or new to science, several thousand insects, 500 species of
plants, a large collection of shells, many minerals and 122
sketches by Peale, all of which were deposited in the ‘‘ Philadel-
phia Museum.”’

In 1824 Peale was engaged by Bonaparte for a trip to Florida
to secure additional novelties to be published in the later vol-
umes of his ‘‘Ornithology.’’ Interesting specimens were ob-
tained and copious notes, which appear in Bonaparte’s work,
but the only novelty secured seems to have been the so-called
‘*Peale’s Egret’’, now regarded as a dichromatic phase of the
Reddish Egret, Dichromanassa rufescens. It is unfortunate that
the name given by Bonaparte in Peale’s honor could not have
been perpetuated. A manuscript diary kept by Peale on this.
trip was picked up by Mr. §. N. Rhoads some years ago in the:
shop of a dealer in old metals and miscellaneous curios in
Philadelphia and is now in the possession of Col. John E.
Thayer, of Lancaster, Mass.

In 1881, according to Dr. A. C. Peale, Titian accompanied
an expedition to the Magdalena River in Columbia, which was
financed through the liberality of Dr. Marmaduke Burrough,
after whom the much-disputed Turkey Vulture, Cathartes burro-
vianus of Cassin, was named. The collections obtained were:
presented to the Philadelphia Museum, though later Dr. Bur-
rough presented many specimens to the Philadelphia Academy.

On September 6, 1836 the Academy, apparently in conjunc-.
tion with other similar societies, received a letter from the
Secretary of the Navy requesting an outline of fields, which it
would be desirable to cover in the scientific investigations of the

10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

‘proposed United States Exploring Expedition, as well as sug-
gestions as to the personnel of a scientific corps. The matter
was referred to a committee, the results of whose deliberations
are not clear, but, whether through their recommendation or
not, Titian R. Peale was eventually selected as one of the natur-
-alists of the expedition, his field covering ornithology and
mammalogy.

He had, since his return from South America, become director
of the Philadelphia Museum and had published the first part of
a work on American butterflies which was never completed.
He had also prepared a number of plates for various scientific
works, and his reputation both as a naturalist and draughtsman
had evidently increased.

The exploring expedition, under Captain Charles Wilkes was
‘gone about four years. The vessels left Norfolk, Virginia,
August 18, 1838 going in turn to Madeira, Brazil, Chili, the
South Sea Islands, New Zealand, the Sandwich Islands, the
west coast of North America, Japan, the Philippines, Singapore

-and Cape of Good Hope, and returning to New York in June
1842. A river in one of the Fiji Islands was named after Peale,
who had been zealous in collecting material and making sketches.
His vessel the Peacock was wrecked at the mouth of the Colum-
bia River, May 18, 1840 and he with others of the crew traveled

-overland to San Francisco, through the then Mexican province

‘of California, to join another of the fleet, the Vincennes. The
collection of Hawaiian birds and much other invaluable ma-
terial was lost in the wreck.

Peale wrote the report on the birds and mammals of the

-expedition which was issued in 1848, but without the atlas of
plates which he had prepared. This was his only ornithological
work, indeed almost his only scientific contribution, which
seems remarkable, when we consider the opportunities that he
had and the really great part that he played in advancing our
knowledge of American ornithology.

This report of Peale’s is one of the rarest of books and its
history is involved in obscurity. It has been claimed that he
was not afforded opportunities to properly study and compare
‘his specimens ; but it would seem that at that time neither

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB 11

specimens nor books adequate for his work were to be found in
this country. It was not until 1846 and 1847 that Dr. T. B.
Wilson began to accummulate his great collection and library
at the Philadelphia Academy and there was none elsewhere.
At all events of 109 new birds that Peale described scarcely one
third were really new. Only about 90 copies of his report were
actually distributed by the government, the remainder having
been destroyed by fire, while Peale seems not to have availed
himself of the opportunity to have an edition struck off for
himself as authors of the other volumes had done. Whether
Peale refused to have anything more to do with the report,
owing to the failure to publish his illustrations, or whether
those in charge realized the shortcomings of the work cannot
be determined ; but John Cassin after a long and stormy cor-
respondence with Wilkes, as is shown in his letters to Baird,
was finally engaged to publish a new report, which appeared in
1852 along with a folio volume of colored plates comprising
most of the Peale drawings. Peale is said to have considered
himself very badly treated in the matter.

On May 17, 1848 the Philadelphia museum, having passed
out of existence, Peale was appointed assistant examiner in
the United States Patent Office in Washington and was later
promoted to principal examiner in the division of Fine Arts and
Photography, an office which he held until June 80, 1873 when
he resigned and returned to Philadelphia.

During his twenty-five years residence in Washington he was
active in organizing the ‘‘ Saturday Club’’, which later became
the ‘‘ Philosophical Society of Washington.’’? He was also one
of the first amateur photographers of this country and made
many photographs of great historic value. His scientific in-
terests seem to have been mainly centered in his collection of
butterflies, which he had gathered together on the various ex-
peditions in which he took part, and after his return to Phila-
delphia he spent the time in completing the manuscript and
plates of a work on butterflies based upon his collection. While
he had practically succeeded in this, the publication was never
begun, as he died of pneumonia on March 13, 1885.

10. Jardine’s Contr. to Ornith., 1852, p. 89.

12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

When the Academy of Natural Sciences moved to its present.
location on Logan Square in 1876, Peale was given a room
opening off of the library, where his collection of butterflies was.
housed and which in 1888 the writer occupied and began the
care and development of the Academy’s study collection of bird
skins. Peale was also given a room on the entresol floor which
he furnished, and here his wife used to come and sit with him
during the day. This room he was forced to vacate when the
Wm. S. Vaux collection of minerals was received and this and
the adjoining rooms were required for its arrangement. Curi-
ously enough, when the Vaux collection was removed to the new
wing of the museum in 1896, the collection of bird-skins was
placed in the old Peale room; and here for thirteen years the
Delaware Valley Club held its meetings.

In 1889, after the death of Mrs. Peale, the collection of
butterflies and quantities of books, letters, sketches and relics
of the Exploring Expedition were removed from the cases where
they had been stored. The collection was presented to the
Academy and the other things distributed among relatives or
destroyed. The writer regrets his failure to realize the fund of
historical information which was no doubt available at this time
and which is now lost forever. Many books etc. from Peale’s
library have turned up in second-hand stores and ‘‘junk shops’’
from time to time, showing that they had been disposed of by
those who had inherited them. Peale’s manuscript journals of
the Exploring Expedition were picked up by Mr. Rhoads along
with the Florida journal already referred to and have now been
secured by the Library of Congress where their preservation is
assured.

’ Dr. Edward J. Nolan and Dr. Spencer Trotter both remem-
ber Peale in his later days as a genial, entertaining old gentle-
man with interesting reminiscences of his long and varied
career. He was twice married ; first to Eliza Cecilia La Fogue
in 1822 and in later life to Lucy McMullin. He had eight
children by his first marriage, a daughter being named Florida
in remembrance of his trip of 1824 and one of his sons, George
Ord after the ornithologist. Only one son reached manhood
and both he and his only son are now dead, leaving four great-

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB 13

grandchildren as the only descendants of Titian R. Peale.
There is something pathetic in the history of the natural history
interests of the Peales. There was great ability in matters
scientific and tremendous energy and zeal manifested in scien-
tific exploration and exploitation; and yet there are today no
adequate results to stand forth as a monument to the earnest
efforts of this notable family.

The great museum which the founder felt that he had estab-
lished on a permanent foundation, crumbled and was destroyed.
And Titian Peale, the naturalist, whose travels and opportun-
ities fitted him for a place in the first rank, has left us not
one completed work; while his collections, with the exception
of his butterflies and the Exploring Expedition material’ are
scattered and destroyed. Only a few of his manuscripts,
snatched by chance from oblivion, have been saved—a single
memorial to his worth.

1 Cf. also Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1915, p. 199, for notes on the eth-
nographic material.

Nesting Birds of Pocono Lake

BY J. FLETCHER STREET

Way.ayine birds in their nesting haunts was the conspicuous
feature marking the activities of members of the Delaware Valley
Ornithological Club during the spring of 1915. Scientific data
concerning the breeding haunts and habits of even some of our
more common species was found to be incomplete and a strong
determination to fill up these voids in the matter of club records
seemed to possess each member individually. The results not
only have been gratifying but have shown that there are many
interesting facts yet to be learned of our common birds in the
matter of behavior and distribution.

To extend this period of endeavor it was determined by a few
of us to follow the gayly colored troop of warblers and their
migrating associates to the Poconos, and there inquire more in-
timately into their habits. Dr. William E. Hughes, William
L. Baily, George H. Stuart, 3rd, John D. Carter and the writer
comprised the party.

To the writer as well as to the majority of the members of
the D. V. O. C. the mention of the Poconos has always held a
peculiar charm. The breeding there of several species of birds
occurring about Philadelphia only as migrants is a sufficient
reason for rendering a first trip to the Poconos a memorable one
to the uninitiated.

When we arrived at Pocono Summit on the evening of June
eleventh the country was shrouded in a heavy fall of rain, the
end of a thunder shower which had swept up the valley of
Broadhead’s Creek in the late afternoon; but an automobile was
there to meet us and our destination, the summer camp of
Carter at Pocono Lake, was reached after an uneventful ride of

nine miles.
(14)

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DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB 15.

The general aspect of the region about Pocono Lake is sug-
gestive of a typical boreal country, yet there are certain conspic-
uous areas of second growth resulting through the reforestation
of burnt areas, which possess an environment not unlike that
of the typical Carolinian regions farther south and support an
invasion of such characteristic Carolinian forms, as the Yellow-
breasted Chat and Chewink. The forests adjacent to Pocono
Lake are principally of second growth and are composed of
deciduous trees. Farther back pine, spruce and balsam hold
sway, and wherever little streams break through, tamarack and
rhododendron swamps abound, with associated flora of such con-
spicuous forms as the Withe Rod, Labrador Tea, Rhodora and
Azalea canescens, and a wealth of herbaceous plants including
the Dwarf Cornel, Trientalis, Painted Trillium, Golden Thread,
Clintonia and in the more remote bogs the Creeping Snowberry,
Calla and Linnaea.

How circumspect and limited one’s impressions may become:
was evidenced on the morrow at daybreak, or rather during the
gray hours preceding dawn, when the bird chorus broke forth.
The writer, who had been accustomed to awaken from day to
day to a medley of Carolinian bird-songs, was utterly con-
founded by a chorus of entirely unfamiliar notes. For the
Wood Thrush call had been substituted the high-pitched,
deliberate phrases of the Hermit. The Solitary Vireo had pre-
émpted the rights of the Red-eye. The Magnolia Warbler, it
seemed, was contributing fully one-half the volume of the entire
bird chorus, and as incidents to the whole the merry twitter of
Juncos and the soft plaint of the White-throats were difficult
to disassociate from bleak and wintry aspects of our home
meadows.

The writer does not wish to convey the impression that the
finding of bird nests in this varied and wooded country is an
easy matter. On the contrary it is not. Most of the nests
were located only after persistent and diligent search. Hx-
cepting to Baily and Carter the place was an unfamiliar one,
and many of the species had never been noted by the rest of us
save as migrants.

Pocono Lake is bordered by a narrow strip of timber princi--

16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

pally of deciduous second-growth, which is separated from the
more heavily wooded section to the rear by a roadway which
follows its outline. It was here directly opposite the bungalow,
that we hunted and found our first nest, that of the Grouse.
The hen had flushed only after we had advanced to within five
feet of its position and the nest was found without difficulty.
It was located under a shrub in a low depression lined with
leaves and contained but six, partly-incubated eggs. While
approaching this Carter flushed a Chestnut-sided Warbler from
its nest and announced four eggs. It was placed in a low birch
sapling amid characteristic scrub growth. While here the note
of the Alder Flycatcher was heard constantly along the lake
orders and was recognized by Baily and Carter, who had
become familiar with it as a resident, but had never been suc-
cessful in obtaining its nest or eggs. As we had planned to
spend our day in the vicinity of Butz Run, a favorite locality
at the southern end of the lake, we did not tarry here.

We had proceeded but a short distance along the road when an
excited Junco flew up at our feet, chirping incessantly. Its
actions bespoke the presence of a nest and the surrounding area
was searched without results. Some one suggested our retreat-
ing a short distance, which we did and almost immediately the
mother bird returned, going directly to the hidden nest at the
base of a huckleberry bush among dried leaves and bracken.
Constructed principally of grasses and rootlets, it contained four
pale blue eggs, heavily spotted with rufous, principally at the
larger end. This nest had been built not over ten feet from the
roadway and within five feet of a trail leading up to a bungalow,
which was then under construction, with workingmen passing
by several times a day.

The Solitary Vireos were calling from the deeper woods be-
hind us and we all penetrated confident of finding a nest.
‘Several birds were watched and noted for hours on this and
succeeding days but without success. A nest of the previous
year, which was readily identified, was found hanging from a
spruce limb at a height of five feet. Yet we were all glad to
have spent this time among them, for the Solitary Vireo is truly
-a wonderful songster. As we listened to it, it sang, generally

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB 17

in notes suggestive of the Red-eye, but clearer and pitched
higher in scale. In the early mornings particularly, it would
indulge us with a sustained warble of purest quality, generally
rendered from a higher elevation.

While looking for the Solitary’s nest the only Robin’s nest
found during our stay was discovered well up upon an outlying
branch of a spruce tree. It was not a common species with us
along the southern margin of the lake.

At length we reached Veery Cove at the extreme southwestern
corner of Pocono lake. Here the lake converges into a narrow
pointed wedge, pushing up under the roadway and receiving
the waters of Butz Run. At Veery Cove thickets of rhododen-
dronsabound. Here are the chosen haunts of the Black-throated
Blue Warblers. Many were singing when we arrived there, so
we instigated a search among them, crawling at times upon
hands and knees to obtain an underside view of the foliage, so
completely do the whorls of broad leaves hide the nests from
view. There were surely at least a dozen breeding pairs in the
vicinity, but all our efforts resulted in securing but a single nest.
It was placed in a crotch of Rhododendron growth, not over
two feet from the ground and well concealed by overlapping
leaves. The nest was a closely woven affair of plant bark in
grays and browns. The inner body was composed of coarse
grasses and pine needles interwoven with a great quantity of
black, hair-like rootlets. It contained but one egg finely spotted
with pale purplish brown.

Carter announced another find and led us to the nest of a
Canadian Warbler. It was cushioned in a loose mass of leaves
and twigs carried down by some spring freshet and caught upon
a rhododendron snag. It possessed deep-cupped walls of skel-
eton leaves woven in with fine rootlets. The four eggs were
white with chestnut spots. The sitting bird expressed little
concern at our presence and at one time Stuart approached
within four feet of the nest before the bird quietly flew off and
lost itself in the underbrush without uttering a note.

From here we penetrated the deeper woods above the stream,
pausing at times to listen to Kinglet notes coming down from
the tops of the tall spruces. Surely they must have nested

18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

hereabouts in the earlier year, but we could gather no evidence
of recent progenies. Here the Black-throated Green Warblers
were incessant with song but no nest of the year could be found.
Baily remarked that we were approaching the area where he
had encountered the Nashville Warbler in other springs. Shortly
he detected a song in the distance which he identified as of this
bird. Presently we reached a partial clearing. Tamarack,
balsam and spruce formed the principle tree-growth of the area ;
viburnum and low huckleberries the shrub material and rolling
mounds of sphagnum the ground cover; conditions relating to
a typical Canadian swamp. This was the haunt of the Nash-
ville Warbler as well as a similar area about one hundred yards
distant. Only in these two places were the birds noted during
the five days of our stay. Baily had told us how he had found
it nesting here two years previously, and how he had photo-
graphed the bird upon its nest.

We heard probably four singing birds altogether in the two
bogs. They were not birds to be confidential with. Only with
the greatest care might they be approached. The very restless-
ness of their nature seemed to impel them to be always on the
move and to indulge in incessant song. The song comprised
‘two distinct phrases; the first, a tsip4, tsipa, tsipa, tsipa re-
preated from four to six times and in character suggestive of
the deliberate, introductory notes of a Blackpoll Warbler’s
song ; the second, a clear trill, similar to the notes of the Pine
Warbler ; altogether a very easy song to become familiar with.

After a thorough search of the two districts, upon the author-
ity of Baily, we were able to announce three nests. These were
all placed in the sides of sphagnum mounds and were lined
with pine needles and soft grasses. One had a hole through
the bottom of it. None of these contained eggs and no birds
had been flushed from them. We waited about for hours hop-
ing to see a nest visited, but no bird would approach closer
than a nearby tree where perchance it would perch and sing
lustily.

Another bird of this area, which we were coming to be ac-
quainted with, was the Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. It haunted
the same open bogs as the Nashville and although its plain-

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB 19

tive call-note was frequently heard, the bird itself was seldom
observed.

To the east of those positions occur dense, low woods of
spruce, so dense that little direct light penetrates them, so bar-
ren as to be utterly devoid of undergrowth, the ground beneath:
being covered deep with mats of brown needles. From the
recesses of these frequently came the song of the Olive-backed!
Thrush. No nest was found.

Near the head of Butz Run the Parula Warbler was compar-
atively common. Beyond there is an absence of standing tim-
ber. Bleached boles clearly indicate the visitation of fire several
years earlier. At a distance of probably one-half mile a solitary
Olive-sided Flycatcher called from the top of a dead tree. ‘‘Quip-
que-peu-4h’’ came his note from over the intervening spaces or:
‘* Three Cheers,’’ as Stuart would have it. Into the late after-.
noon we hunted for its mossy nest among the isolated ever-.
greens without success. Upon returning across these desolate:
sphagnum moors we were awarded with the sight of an eagle
soaring high overhead.

When we returned that evening to the bungalow we again
hunted in its immediate vicinity. On a spruce branch, six feet.
from the ground Carter discovered a Magnolia Warbler’s nest.
The nest was remarkable in its structure. Loosely woven grass-
stems stretched out on all sides fully twelve inches from the
bulk of the material. The nest itself was composed of grass
and weed stems lined with vegetable fiber and black rootlets
resembling horsehair. The four eggs possessed rufous-brown
markings, principally at the larger end.

In a nearby thicket a Whitethroat’s nest containing four eggs
was found. Carter had again taken up the hunt for the nest of
the Alder Flycatcher and carefully surveyed the swamp bor-
dering the lake. At length he came across a small nest of
bleached grasses, placed two feet from the ground in a viburnum
bush. No bird had been noted in its vicinity. It remained to
be absolutely identified upon another day.

At dusk Baily announced the finding of a Hermit Thrush’s
nest behind the bungalow in a raised hummock. It contained
four eggs. _

“20 ’ PROCEEDINGS OF THE

On the morrow we all went up the lake to a spot where Baily
‘had encountered a number of Whip-poor-wills the night before.
Here we found our second Oven-bird’s nest which contained
four eggs and Baily, at length, flushed a Whip-poor-will from
its nesting site. Its two eggs had been laid directly upon the
ground and when found, were separated by about three-quarters
of an inch, indicating how the bird had sat between them with
an egg concealed beneath each wing.

From here it was decided to cross the lake and work down
the Tobyhanna Creek below the dam. After crossing we fol-
lowed a pair of Blackburnian Warblers through the tree-tops
with our glasses and thought that we detected them nest-build-
ing; at least, there was a dense bulk of material which they
seemed to visit from time to time. Nothing definite could be
determined, yet this was the nearest we came during our stay
towards determining the nesting site of the species.

We soon came to an open area characterized by broad grass-
fields and individual large spruces. Carter and Baily both had
mentioned the trees as favored nesting-sites of the Purple Finch.
We were not to be disappointed, for the song of the bird was
everywhere and each tree-top seemed to possess at least one pair
of birds. Several nests upon the outlying branches of spruces
were examined but were found empty, indicating perhaps an
earlier nesting season, but I remembered noticing a hen bird
acting suspiciously and its later flight to the top of a small
spruce not over ten feet in height. I lifted Stuart up and he
‘startled the bird from its nest which contained two eggs. When
‘the nest was again examined two days later it was found to have
been destroyed. It is interesting to note that this grove appears
‘to be the nesting site of most of the Purple Finches in the
Pocono Lake region, only a few individual birds being heard
-outside of it during our entire stay.

From here, during the afternoon we worked down the valley
of Tobyhanna Creek. A drizzling rain was falling and the
character of the country did not offer an equal opportunity
for nest-finding as that above the dam. Three Catbirds’ nests
and two of the Maryland Yellow-throat were all that this side
excursion netted us. We made an early return to our bungalow.

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB PA |

During the evening it cleared and we all walked up the Lake
road to the vicinity of Wolf’s Spring Run, where we found
Canadian Warblers in comparative abundance. The natural
conditions here are similar to those of Butz Run and support
similar bird-types. It was interesting to note the Chewink as
a characteristic bird of the open shagnum bogland adjacent to
this area, amid conditions so dissimilar to typical Carolinian
country.

On the next day Carter slipped out in the early morning
without arousing any of us as, if he had something important
on his mind, only to return shortly and announce that there
was an egg in the Alder Flycatcher’s nest. This was a wel-
come declaration.

Upon leaving the bungalow after breakfast we split forces ;
Baily and Hughes going up to Wolf’s Spring Run and Carter,
Stuart and myself holding Butz Run as our destination. Our
purpose was to further examine the supposed nests of the Nash-
ville Warbler, a day having intervened since our initial visit.
We were disappointed not to find a single egg in any of the nests ;
nor were we able to determine by the actions of the bird any-
thing that would indicate ownership. Both the Nashville
Warbler and the Yellow-bellied Flycatcher frequented the areas
as before.

Out in the open barrens at the head of Butz Run could be
heard the call of the Olive-sided Flycatcher and it was interest-
ing to identify here as well the Alder Flycatcher, which we had
associated heretofore only with the borders of the Lake.

Upon our return Carter flushed a Hermit Thrush from its
nest, set even with the ground in a bed of Wintergreen.

Baily and Hughes had been more successful; Baily had
found another Canadian Warbler’s nest with two eggs at Wolf's
Spring Run ; Hughes had located a White-throated Sparrow’s
nest with four eggs and among sphagnum moss a Chewink’s
nest with young.

In the early afternoon Bailey, Hughes and myself left for
home. As we motored from the Camp to the railroad station
we noted several old barns where Cliff Swallows had established
nesting-sites along the eaves. Forty nests were counted along
a single eave.

22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Carter and Stuart remained two days longer. On the six-
teenth, near the head of the Lake, Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers
were observed feeding young, which fact establishes the early
breeding of this species in the region. Several Bronzed Grackles
were seen and the first Veery’s nest was found.

On the twenty-sixth of June Stuart and myself returned to
the Poconos and spent the day there. Our mission was to col-
lect the nest of the Alder Flycatcher which contained but one
egg when Stuart and Carter left on the sixteenth and to inquire
further into the nesting habits of the Nashville Warbler.

When we examined the Alder Flycatcher’s nest in the early
morning, we were dismayed to find that it had been destroyed.
Evidently the bird had become aware of its discovery and had
done away with it. We hunted the neighboring swamp for a
new one, but without success. It was to be regretted that this
first record of the nest from Pennsylvania was to be obliterated
in this manner.

Yet we hoped for better fortune among our so-called Nash-
ville Warblers’ nests in the tamarack swamps of Butz Run.
Here, too, disappointment awaited us, for not one of the three
nests contained an egg. We were beginning to believe that our
trip was to be a fruitless one when Stuart flushed a bird, which
he recognized to be a Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, as it paused
a moment upon a low shrub before him. At his feet in the
side of a raised sphagnum mound reposed its nest. Formed of
moss, soft grasses and pine needles, it was a nest well worth the
trip to have obtained. It contained four eggs of creamy white
with pale cinnamon-brown spots. What was the value of the
find? It convinced us that the nests that we had been holding
under observation were old or abandoned ones of this species
and not of the Nashville Warbler. On this day no Nashville
Warblers were heard in either of the two bogs where the nests
occurred. The presence of the Yellow-bellied Flycatcher was
still marked. Later in the morning we heard two Nashvilles
in the open sphagnum moors above Butz Run, which seemed to
establish them, as summer residents however, ahout Pocono
Lake. Who will determine their nesting grounds ?

The Olive-sided Flycatcher which had been so conspicuous a

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB 23

bird of this district in the earlier month was no longer to be
found. Nests of the Cedarbird and the Black-throated Green
Warbler were new ones obtained this day; they had not been
secured earlier in the month.

When we returned to Philadelphia, Baily was advised of our
finding the nest of the Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. He at once
looked up the photographs which he had taken two years before
and was convinced that his nest also was that of the Flycatcher
and not of the Nashville Warbler as he had assumed. His
photographs of the bird upon the nest clearly indicate the pale
eye-ring of the Flycatcher and the white upon the wing coverts.
It is indeed interesting to note that these pictures had been
shown before a convention of the American Ornithologists Union
as being of the Nashville Warbler, without arousing any adverse
comment. However, it remained for Baily to complete the
work of this expedition. On July 17th he again visited the
swamp border, where we found and lost the first nest of the
Alder Flycatcher. ‘‘On July 17th, ’’ he writes, ‘‘ I found a new
nest containing three fresh eggs in almost the same spot or
within six feet of the former nest; it was well hidden and it
was by the luckiest chance that I happened to see it. The bird
was not flushed, but was generally heard uttering its short, harsh
note at a distance of one hundred to five hundred feet away,
giving little clew to the general position of the nest. While I
was photographing, the parent bird ventured within fifteen feet
of me, yet all the time hidden in the thickets and occasionally
uttering an unconcerned low single note. The nest was built
of soft, bleached grass, lined with fine thin material. The eggs
were rich cream color spotted almost exactly like the Wood
Pewee’s egg. I think this nest is the first recorded in the State.”

On July 19th Baily again visited the tamarack swamps above
Butz Run and found another nest of Yellow-bellied Flycatcher
with young.

What were the net results of these days spent among Pocono
birds? Sixty-eight species had been observed, twenty-seven of
which were found nesting; of Canadian forms there were ten,
of Transitional three, of forms extending from the Transitional .
into the Carolinian seven, of species widely spread eight.

Days with the Blue-gray Gnatcatcher and the
Prothonotary Warbler

GEORGE H, STUART, 3RD

To ornithologists who have been frequently in the southern
Atlantic states these two species—the one sprightly and the
other so wonderfully gorgeous—are doubtless very familiar, but ~
as our experience in those regions had been limited to the late
autumn, it was with keen expectancy that we headed for one of
their most northern habitats on the Atlantic seaboard.

Although in each case the breeding-ground of these birds
extends up the Mississippi Valley almost to the river’s source
and into a portion of southern Ontario, the southern tip of
New Jersey and Delaware mark their northern limit east of the
Alleghanies.

In the Spring of 1915 Dr. Spencer Trotter and the writer
determined, if possible, to locate not only the birds, but their
nesting-sites as well. Accordingly in early May we entrained
for one of the localities where both varieties had been reported.
The country at our destination was flat farm-land for the most
part, with scattered woods of pine on the dryer surfaces. The
streams which drain this level country naturally broaden into
wide swamp areas, which are covered with a heavy forest of
deciduous trees and undergrowth—greenbriar, holly and poison-
ivy—deterring even the most enthusiastic from penetrating
many parts of the tangled bogs. But it is here, and particularly
about the edges of the small ponds, out of which the silvered
skeletons of old trees protrude, and in the little vistas, that one
must look for these species.

Taking advantage of the long twilight upon our arrival, we
hurried into the nearest woods with the hope of having a
glimpse of one of these birds. Entering a thick tangle of green-

( 24)

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB 25

briar and grape vines along the edge of a stream which mean-
dered through the deep damp forest, almost tropical in its
appearance, the notes of many familiar friends greeted us;
White-eyed Vireos, Carolina Wrens, Cardinals, Titmice and
Wood Thrushes, perhaps most prominent, in addition to the
general list of warblers in the vanguard of migration. Soon
there broke forth within a few feet of us the loud call which so
much resembles that of the Spotted and Solitary Sandpipers.
Thinking that it might be a Prothonotary, we crept carefully
around a large gum tree and there on one of the lower
branches, peering somewhat in the manner of a vireo, was our
bird, the most striking of all the warbler family and of whose
praises so much has been written. As the sunset glow through
the trees struck his gorgeous yellow plumage, we felt repaid for
any effort expended in the search. Mosquitoes soon reminded
us that further investigation should be postponed till morning,
so we contented ourselves with this glimpse, and dreamed of
Gnatcatchers on the morrow.

No one should be indoors after four a. m. on a May morning,
and the mosquitoes, in alliance with a nearby Barred Owl,
proving effective prompters, all hands were up at the break of
day. A magnificent concert was in full career ; the cool air,
ruffling the surface of a nearby pond, on the margin of which
budding willows and willow-oaks gave a charming Corot effect,
made one wonder why they should wait till sultry August for a
holiday. We were remarkably fortunate on this fine day ; for
no sooner had we reached the edge of the woods across the
stream, where grew tall ash, elm and gums fringing the meadow,
than, at the report of a shot, fired at a Redstart high among the.
branches, we saw the unmistakable form of the little Blue-gray
Gnatcatcher flit across an opening in the trees. It was incess-
antly active for a moment and, following it with glasses, we
saw it alight on a small dead branch of an elm directly over-
head and settle on its nest, carefully placed near the base of the
branch protected from above by a main limb, some thirty-five
feet from the ground. Its momentary fright at the shot, so near,
had passed away and the bird sat close, showing only its long
tail projecting over the deep-rimmed cup covered with lichens.

26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

The appearance of the cock was soon announced by strange
high-pitched wiry notes resembling much the cry of some young
bird.

The nest, which contained five fresh-laid eggs, was shaped
like a high cone, exceedingly deep for its width, the depth
within being 1? inches by 14 inches, lined with small feathers
from some good Plymouth Rock on the nearest farm. It was
secured only after considerable maneuvering which required the
cutting away and lowering down of a section of the main limb.
The eggs, of the customary pale blue, varied considerably in size
and shape from pointed to rounded oval, with profuse and
lightly spotted specimens. To one interested in bird architecture
this small member of the feathered tribe will attract the ad-
mirer’s attention as can few others, for not even the Humming-
bird can excel the ingenuity and beauty of its workmanship.
Twice later in the day, although the wind had risen somewhat,
we were attracted by the peculiar squeaks of the Gnatcatcher,
and observed a male in the tree-tops and closer search would
have doubtless revealed the nest.

On three other trips’ during the season we discovered their
homes through having our attention arrested by their feeble
cries. All the others contained young—one built in a swamp
maple in woods which had been partly cleared, far out on a
horizontal branch some fifty or sixty feet up, and another in a
yellow birch sapling growing out of the water, in a crotch on
the main stem and almost at the top. The parents seemed ex-
cellent foragers, returning to their young with food alternately
every three or four minutes.

In the same swampy country and always bordering on the
water the Prothonotary makes its home. Bearing the distinction
of being the only warbler to occupy the interior of an old branch
or stub, the bird has many traits to fascinate the observer. The
clear loud call, or the beautiful warbled song, resembling that
of the Water-Thrush—which, however, we were only fortunate
to hear uttered once during all our visits—the ball of gold, as

' Mr. Stewardson Brown accompanied the writer on the second expedition,
and Mr. Samuel Scovill on the third.

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB 27

he appears flying across the water from shore to shore just
above the Spatter-docks (Nuphar advena) seeming as though
one of their bright flowers had veritably taken wing, the appar-
ent indifference, with which he regards your presence when you
think you must surely be at his front door,—all combine to give
a visit to his haunts unusual charm.

Many were the old woodpeckers’ borings and rotted knot
holes examined, but without result, until in our discouragment
we began to realize that the Prothonotary enjoyed a consider-
able period of freedom before settling down to family cares.
Although a second visit some two weeks later rewarded us with
a view of mating birds, they would not reveal their nesting site,
and it was not until the third trip in June, after a fruitless
morning following apparently this will-o-the-wisp, that we
finally succeeded in locating a nest. On this occasion another
unsuspecting friend volunteered his companionship and was
pressed into the service of galley slave in the leakiest home-
made batteaux that ever floated, with inverted and very un-
stable horseshoes for oar-locks.

While drifting idly along, a Prothonatary, which we followed
in its flight, went straight to a small hole in a live willow eight
feet above the water and disappeared within ; presently he re-
appeared, hesitating at the entrance for a moment, and then flew
off again. Ina state of ecstasy the faithful slave overcame all
obstacles, the tree was reached, and climbing to the nest we
found a brood of youngsters probably three days old. The nest,
which was in the abandoned cavity of a Downy Woodpecker,
placed about four inches below the entrance, was composed of
bits of moss and fine strips of bark. The willow was not large
and its rather sparse foliage afforded a very light screen, but
taking up a comfortable position within four feet of the entrance
we awaited developments. The cock soon returned with a small
green worm and alighting near at hand, eyed us with interest,
but apparently without any nervousness. After some shifting
about, including several attempts to reach the hole, during
which he could not quite decide to enter before an intruder at
such close quarters, he finally braved it, slipped in, fed the
youngsters, reappeared at the entrance, looked about him with

28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

perfect composure and flew away for more supplies. Soon he
returned with a May-fly, hesitated for a second, then went
straight to work and never faltered thereafter during the forty
minutes in which we remained glued to the spot, witnesses to
the most intimate relations of this fascinating bird and hungry
brood and in the closest proximity it has ever been my good
fortune to be placed. In that space of time this devoted parent
carried in some six or seven worms, two May-flies and a beetle,
and twice removed cases of excrement as he came out. The
hen at first did not appear, and when she did with a worm, ex-
hibited much excitement, and although she made several ad-
vances toward the nest, her courage failed and she would shy
off, uttering constant chipping notes of alarm. Her actions in
no wise daunted the brave little cock, who continued about his
duties unflinchingly. It seemed extraordinary that courage
inspired by parental devotion should have been thus shown so
much more strongly in the male than in the female, from whom
it naturally would be expected.

Once while thus posted in the willows, a Yellow-throated
Vireo lit almost on my shoulder, and his surprise at meeting us
in such a sequestered spot and his subseqent panic were most
amusing, for it was not long before he concluded that it was
wiser to put more space between us.

Passing on in a further search amongst the willows, our
attention was attracted to a movement in the crevice of a dead
stub which projected from a live tree. Within the tiny hole
fifteen inches above the water, something like a mouse seemed
to be revolving. It proved to be the tail of a bird, and pres-
ently the head of the owner appeared and out popped a female
Prothonotary to our profound astonishment. Within was a
nest carefully built of moss, bark strippings and grasses about.
ready to receive the eggs. After a wait of two or three minutes,
the bird returned with a small piece of grass, which she carried
in, performing again the same revolving antics. Here at last
was the prospective chance of finding a nest of eggs, but it
involved another expedition, so we withdrew and reflected with
satisfaction upon the experience of the day. It had indeed
been one of ample reward and one not to be forgotten or soon.
repeated.

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB 29

Notwithstanding that this last discovery provided a more
definite attraction than at any time previously, no one could be
found to reinlist, and when our host, a patient man, who had
controlled his feelings during these several descents upon him,
heard that another was proposed, his curiosity gained the upper
hand and he modestly inquired if the purchase of his farm was
contemplated.

Much as the writer shrank from the trip alone, the previous
‘difficulties in finding the eggs emphasized the wisdom of follow-
ing up this opportunity. Accordingly on June 19th, although
the real-estate transaction was not concluded, he had the satis-
faction of seeing four rather round glossy white eggs, heavily
marked with lavender, in the crevice of the little stub.

Egg and Nestling Destruction

BY JULIAN K. POTTER

For several years past I have been interested in gathering
data with the view of determining approximately the number
of nests destroyed, before they ever fulfil their mission—that of
keeping the young and eggs in safety until the young reach the
fledgling stage of their existence. How often have we in visit-
ing a nest found its contents missing or the nest destroyed! So
often indeed that we are led to believe that the majority of nests
never fulfil their mission.

The ground covered in this report lies almost entirely within
one mile of the limits of Camden, New Jersey, a city of 100,-
000 inhabitants, and receives no protection whatever, not even
a ‘‘No Trespass’’ sign being in evidence. Of course it was
impossible to keep track of every nest found and those tabulated
are by no means all that were discovered, but refer to those that
were actually known to have fulfilled their office or to have
failed. Any nest that there was any doubt about was cast off
the list. For this reason, no doubt, the list of percentages is
somewhat inaccurate and also because too few nests of some
species were examined. Nevertheless some interesting facts
were brought to light. Investigations were made during the
years 1912-13-14-15.

From the table it may be seen, as one would naturally
expect, the hollow-tree dwellers show the highest percentage
of successes (82%). This is followed by the ground nesters,
successes (51%), with the tree and bush dwellers coming last
with the lowest percentage of successes (48%). The trees in
which the woodpeckers and Starlings had their nests were
almost without exception quite high and out of reach of human
interference. This accounts to a great extent for the very high

average of these birds.
(80 )

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB

oo
pars

Cause of destruction.

3 | ss
BI |. ve Ns
FiE\2 ee
* Y 3 ° a ° i) =)
o;d |] & E -)}/H ia] 8] ae A
Si te aaeaniveani se) ae | sa plc
zlzlalsilolaialalSs| &
Spotted Sandpiper. . .| 19 | 8 | 11] 6]. “ Swell te ald ie 574+
Rilldeeryy itr ay! Veins 4 2 2 Dats ° 5 1 50
Hairy Woodpecker, ..| 3]..)| 3 cuical lic . . - .| 100
Downy Woodpecker. .| 3]. 3 4 ANE : ac 100
Red-headed Woodpecker.| 3]. .| 3 y . 100
IECKere ici tia teresa ite NG 3 6 Ni pen xe Ay | Welle Ai le » »| 66+4
COWEN ays) sively ot city, & Valiys Wola a raiilite eicdl vigk
Star ee als 15} 1} 14].. : t Ib}. .7 93-6
Cinpping Sparrow...) 4 Lae oe a el IAAT AN Wiiefe
Song Sparrow! 2). 3/1) 44.3 Liliane Billie = 2 2 25
Cardinal). ek.) sia A GHAI ey OTR SW ee 4 - 1{ 37+
Rough-winged Swallow.| 2] 2/{..] 2 Suiteiits aati siete
Brown Thrasher. . ..| 5 2 3 Dilits 2 : seul uit 60
House Wren, ..... eae Hay cera eva Hk a) e «|---| 100
Tufted Titmouse. ...| 3 2 pi Bae oian ie ° 2 33-+-
Wood Thrush. ....| 3 2 ING ahs : 2 33
RODIN Aan eineiievctiie wey 1 Loy i 4 4 4]. ° 3 26-4
Bluebird ira ials janis ts 5 237) 3 ee 60
OLAS Weilteileitre ivevilertitan te 113 | 45 | 68 | 18 | 3?) 5 2 6 | 10 601

The Spotted Sandpipers were very closely watched for three
seasons, 1913-14-15. During 1913-14 only one failure was
noted and this was due to the nest being flooded. During 1915
a professional egger discovered the whereabouts of the sand-
pipers, and six out of nine of the nests were robbed of their
contents. Of the remaining three one was flooded. It will be
of interest to note whether the birds will be as common next
spring as usual in this particular locality or not.

While investigating the homes of the Flickers which came to
my notice, I was rather surprised to discover that their large
broods of five to seven usually dwindled to three or four
by the time they are ready to leave the nest, two or three in
each brood dying for some unexplainable reason.

1 A similar record taken several years ago of a larger number of nests of this:
bird showed only 10% successful,

? Flickers destroyed one.

32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Five instances were noted in which not only the contents of
‘the nest were destroyed, but also the brooding bird. A Cardi-

nal’s nest was discovered one morning with the tail and wing
feathers of the female bird scattered over the top of the eggs.
In like manner a brooding Song Sparrow suffered the same fate.
An owl might have been responsible for these two tragedies.
A Rough-winged Swallow built a nest in a pipe leading into a
stone wall. A boy came along and, seeing the hole, threw a
large-sized stone in the entrance preventing the escape of the
bird. A few days later a very much bedraggled swallow was
removed from the nest and soon died.

In 1913 two Crested Tits’ nests were found, the only ones
probably in the neighborhood canvassed. Both of these nests
together with the mother birds were destroyed, I think by cats.
The male birds promptly left the locality and not a Tufted Tit-
mouse have I seen in that particular woods since, showing how
easily a species may be exterminated over a certain area. Will
this species ever work back? Probably not, for the tendency
of nearly all forms of bird-life about a city, is to contract and
decrease.

Attention is called to the large numbers of Robins’ nests de-

stroyed by sparrows. These nests were all built in tall trees in
close proximity to the city, where sparrows are very abundant.
The Robin’s nest forms an excellent foundation for the bulky
sparrow’s nest and they seem to neglect no opportunity to take
advantage of it. The Robin seems totally unable to cope with
the situation. I knew of a pair of Robins that built three nests
last spring among the trees in a little city park and as fast as
‘they were built, they were ceded to the sparrows, the Robins
not being allowed to raise a single young. I have no doubt
that the Robin would inhabit all parts of the city where there
are tall trees, if it were not for the sparrow pest.

The Robin and Song Sparrow with one exception, exhibit the
smallest number of successes, yet these are the two most num-
erous native birds inhabiting the locality under observation.
The remarkable fecundity of these two species is probably the
factor which must be considered in searching for an expla-

-nation of this peculiar situation.

Mortality among Birds at Philadelphia,
May 21-22, 1915

BY DELOS E. CULVER

Axsout 10 a. m., May 22d, 1915, there was received, at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, a call from the
‘‘Hvening Bulletin”’ of that city for aid in the identification of
a small ‘‘ yellow and green”’ bird which had been picked up
in the court yard of the City Hall.

From this it was learned that hundreds of birds were lying
about on the ledges surrounding the Public Buildings and City
Hall Tower. Immediately upon receiving this information, I,
accompanied by a ‘‘ Bulletin’’ photographer, hurried to the
scene, and the mortality, when ascertained, was really appalling.

Upon reaching the court-yard the areaways were first exam-
ined. Looking down into them, we found that although very
few dead specimens were visible (most having been gathered by
employees), there were many living birds continually flying
up and down the full length of the areaways, apparently having
lost all sense of direction. Maryland Yellow-throats were in
evidence everywhere. Every areaway was full of fluttering
birds of this species, and it was among them that the greatest
mortality occurred.

Upon entering the areaways from below, the following species
were identified: Maryland Yellow-throat, Parula Warbler,
Redstart, Red-eyed Vireo, Chewink, Long-billed Marsh-
Wren, Water-Thrush, Black-throated Blue, and Black-poll
Warblers. Of the Vireo, Chewink and Wren but single speci-
mens were observed. The former was caught alive and later
liberated in the country, making little or no effort to escape
when approached. The Wren was the most active of the three,
while the Chewink, apparently hungry, was continually picking

(38)

34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

at dirt particles and other minute objects in search of something
to eat.

After making the above notes, we proceeded to the roofs for
further examinations, and here the conditions proved even
more pitiful than those below. Dead birds lay everywhere,
while others, seemingly bewildered, flitted about on the ledges
of the building, apparently too weak to resume their weary
journey, or, as before stated, had lost all sense of direction. If
such was not the case, the birds were certainly on the point of
exhaustion, otherwise one cannot conceive anything to prevent
them from resuming their northward journey from these upper
ledges, high above the city, its noise and confusion.

The birds in the areaways acted in the same way. When we
entered from below they immediately flew to the top and
alighted on the surrounding railings; but when we withdrew,
the birds, instead of flying up to the roof and continuing their
journey, immediately flew back down into the pits, which were
sooner or later to be their tombs, apparently frightened by the
crowds and continuous bustle. Most of these birds seemed
very much exhausted, but were quite able to fly continually
back and forth the full length of the areaways.

After about an hour and a half, spent in gathering up speci-
mens, and in identifying them, I was able to prepare the follow-
ing list :-—

1. Chewink, 1 2. (Alive). 11. Magnolia Warbler, 4.

2. Indigo Bunting, 12. 12. Black-poll Warbler, 28.

3. Maryland Yellow-throat. 13. Black-and-white War-
130, (three-fourths 2’s). bler, 6.

4, Parula Warbler, 60. 14, Chestnut-sided Warbler, 2.

5. Canada Warbler, 2. 15. Oven-bird, 21.

6. Water-Thrush, 7, 16. Red-eyed Vireo, 2.

7. Bay-breasted Warbler, 6. 17. English Sparrow, 1.

8. Black-throated Blue War- Ad. 6
bler, 15. (13 2’s.) 18. Scarlet Tanager, 1. Ad. 6

9. Yellow Warbler, 1 &. 19. Long-billed Marsh Wren,
10. Redstart, 35 (82 2’s.) 1. (Alive).

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB 35

And now let us consider some of the most interesting points
in the case; i. e. the cause of such an appalling destruction.
Following an unusual cool period of weather for the month of
May, on the 21st considerable moderation took place, and
about 10 p. m. rain began falling. Prior to the rain quite a
heavy mist hung about the city, but was later cleared away by
the falling rain. By midnight and in the early morning hours.
the rain had turned to a thunderstorm with a terrific downpour,
which continued well into the morning. Various data were
collected regarding weather conditions and the facts seem to
indicate, that in the vicinity of Philadelphia prior to the storm
quite a heavy mist or even fog prevailed; but as above stated,.
was later cleared away by the falling rain. Employees at the:
City Hall, between 11 p. m. and midnight, report having heard.
great quantities of birds passing over, continually chirping..
‘A heavy rain’’, they said, ‘‘ was falling all the time, but.
neither wind nor fog was in evidence.”’

Although many of the birds became exhausted from contin-
uous fluttering about the lights and Jater succumbed to expos-
ure, the greater number of the hundreds of lives lost were
caused by coming in contact with hard structures, as the
fractured limbs, bruised bodies, indented and blood-clotted
skulls proved, when examinations were made after skinning the
specimens.

As shown by the above list, Maryland Yellow-throats suffered
the greatest mortality. The one hundred and thirty specimens
of this species gathered does not in the slightest represent the
probable hundreds of individuals that lost their lives. Dead
Yellow-throats lay on every roof and ledge visible, while this
species occurred in the greatest numbers flying up and down
the areaways. Some ten days later individuals (females) of
this species were still seen flitting about the courtyard.

Next to the Yellow-throat the Parula Warbler was found in
the greatest abundance, and this beautiful species doubtless.
also suffered appalling destruction. Of the Myrtle Warblers
not a single specimen was found, although the species was at
the time quite common throughout the country. This seems.
of rather special interest.

36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Turning now from the number of individuals and species to
the sex, we find that practically three-fourths, if not more, of
the birds found were females. Of the sixty Parula Warblers
examined, I cannot recall a single adult male specimen. In
explanation of the above facts we can only refer to the late date
of the occurrence. As in practically all species the males arrive
some time in advance of the females, and this, being in all
probability one of the last migratory ‘‘waves’’ of the season,
was composed almost entirely of the latter sex.

We must however bear in mind that this was but one imme-
diate locality, and when we consider the number of towers, and
equally as tall buildings through the city, we realize that the
loss of life must have been tremendous, and can certainly not
help but have a noticeable effect upon bird-life at one locality
or another.

Although a few birds are picked up every year about the
City Hall, from information gained from employees, August
28, 1905 marked the last slaughter in anyway comparable to
the one cited above, and this like most others, occurred in the
late summer or early autumn.

As before stated the greater number of. birds were killed by
striking hard structures, and it is the writer’s opinion that the
birds, being forced to migrate low on account of the storm, were
attracted by the bright lights, and apparently misconceiving
them to be suspended in midair, attempted to fly past just
above or below the center of illumination, and therefore struck
the darker portions of the tower, which were unilluminated.

Since the above occurrence many others birds have lost their
lives by striking the City Hall Tower, and under conditions
that appear puzzling, when we consider the theories that were
formerly advanced. On the morning of September 28th,
1915 an adult Flicker was picked up in the courtyard after
an absolutely clear night, during which a bright moon was
shining. Although not indented, the skull showed heavy blood
clots, indicating a severe blow against some hard structure.

Again on October 17th-18th 1915 another migratory ‘‘ wave’’
passed over the city and many more birds struck the towers, as
a result of apparently unknown reasons. The night was abso-

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB 37

lutely clear, with a bright moon shining until daybreak. A
very light fog became evident towards morning, but was
hardly responsible for the loss of life that occurred. Personal
examination of the roofs and ledges in this case was not made
by the writer. Twenty-nine specimens however were kindly
presented to him by an employee at the City Hall, and the data
connected with them are as follows :—

Twenty-nine Specimens. Twelve Species; arranged in the
order of their greatest abundance.

Myrtle Warbler. Black-throated Green War-
Maryland Yellow-throat. bler, 1.

Parula Warbler. Water-Thrush, 1.

Yellow Palm Warbler, 2. Chipping Sparrow, 1.
Oven-bird, 2. Solitary Vireo, 1.

Palm Warbler, 1. Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 1.

Pine Warbler, 1.

Bird Notes

RECORDS OF UNUSUAL OCCURRENCES FoR 1915!

‘American Scoter. Fish House, N. J. (Potter) Oct. 17.
King Rail (Nest). Cape May, N. J. (Hand) May 23.
Black Rail. Stone Harbor, N. J. (Miller) May 30.
Pectoral Sandpiper. Camden, N. J. (Potter) Nov. 8.
White-rumped Sandpiper. Camden, N. J. (Potter) May
HOM dia:
Willet. Seaside Park, N. J. (Potter) Aug. 23, 1914.
Piping Plover. Cape May, N. J. (Culver) Sept. 2.
Turkey Vulture (Nest). Buckingham Mt., Pa. (McReynolds).
Yellow-bellied Flycatcher :
(Nest*) Pocono Lake, Pa. (Stuart) June 26.
(Nest?) Pocono Lake, Pa. (Baily) July 19.
Alder Flycatcher :
(Nest?) Pocono Lake, Pa. (Carter) June 12.
(Nest?) Pocono Lake, Pa. (Baily) July 17.
Henslow’s Sparrow. Sussex, N. J. (Rhoads and Moore)
July 9.
Henslow’s Sparrow (Nest). New Lisbon, N. J. (Stuart)
May 30.
Hybrid Warbler.* Sussex, N. J. (Moore) July 8.
Tennessee Warbler. Ardmore, Pa. (Baily) May 18.
Palm Warbler.* Philadelphia. (Culver) Oct. 17.
Palm Warbler. Philadelphia. (Baily) Oct. 25.
Mourning Warbler. Swarthmore, Pa. (Palmer) June 4.
Mockingbird. Westtown, Pa. (Morris) Wintering.
Mockingbird (Nest). Westgrove, Pa. (Roberts) June 25.
Thrasher. Cape May, N. J. (Hand) 12/9/14 and 2/3/15.

1These records are unusual either on account of locality or date. For
details, unless noted below as recorded elsewhere, see Migration Report.

4See second article of this issue, entitled “ Nesting Birds of Pocono Lake.’’
5See “Auk,’’ April 1916.
“See page 37 of this issue.

(38 )

Report on the Spring Migration of 1915

COMPILED BY WITMER STONE

Reports were returned this season by 53 observers and showed
a higher average of excellence than for many years past. The
D. V. O. C. Committee on Migration extends thanks to the
corps of observers and encouragement to continue the valuable
work in which many of them have been engaged now for ten
years or more. Information and blank schedules may be ob-
tained at any time from Dr. Witmer Stone, Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia, Logan Square. Attention is particu-
larly called to the ‘‘Suggestions for Observers ’’ published in
last year’s report, which every observer should read carefully
and follow.

Observers for the Spring of 1915 were as follows :

New Jersey
Cape May, H. W. Hand. Moorestown, Mrs. V. Wier-
Atlantic City, Mrs. N. S. man.
Cromie. Rancocas, Miss E. Haines.
Salem, Mrs. H. S. Foster. Mount Holly, N. D. W.
Vineland, Mrs. A. K. Prince. Pumyea.

Downstown, W. W. Fair. Beverley, D. G. Baird.
Laurel Springs, Miss C. E. Bordentown, Miss M. V.

Tomlinson. Flynn.
Camden, J. K. Potter. Yardville, Miss R. HE. Allin-
Audubon, J. W. Tatum. son.
Haddonfield, R. T. Moore. Allentown, Miss M. E. Gor-
Moorestown, A. A. Mickle. don.

Bernardsville, J. D. Kuser.
(39 )

40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Pennsylvania

Concordville, Mrs. K. R.
Styer, Miss E. P. Styer.
Media, L. Omensetter.
Media, J. P. Moore.
Media, Miss L. G. Allen.
Swarthmore, Dr. S. C. Pal-
mer.
Swarthmore,
rower.
Swarthmore, P. E. Howard,
Jr.
Ridley Park, R. L. Lloyd.
Ridley Park, C. V. Gross.
Ridley Park, Wm. J. Myatt.
Addingham, D. E. ‘Culver.
Lansdowne, J. D. Carter.
Norwood, J. E. Packer.
Germantown, S. Mason, Jr.
Chestnut Hill, W. H. Trotter.
Frankford, R. F. Miller.
Ardmore, W. L. Baily.
Haverford, W. J. Serill.
Haverford, G. H. Hallett, Jr.

H. M. Har-

Bryn Mawr, Miss E. H.
Thomas.

Rosemont, 8. Scoville Jr.

Wayne, Mrs. M. V. Alexan-
der.

Wayne, Miss M. K. Baker.

Westtown, W. B. Evans, C.
Jones.

West Chester, R. P. Shar-
ples.

West Chester, I. G. Roberts.

West Chester, Miss 8S. C. De
Haven.

Newtown, Rev. A. Patman.

Newtown, Miss M. Packer.

Doylestown, G. MacReynolds.

Mozart, M. Slack and H. A-
Rand.

Forest Grove,
Bewley.

Buckingham, Miss E. C. Cox.

Lopez, O. Behr.

Miss A. K.

The open winter during January and February rendered an
early movement of the first migrants possible, and Bluebirds
and Purple Grackles were twelve days earlier than in 1914.
High temperature April 19-20 and 24-27 was accompanied by
a very heavy flight, and many species arriving about the end

of April, were earlier than normal this year.

in May, with much rain, caused considerable irregularity among

the late arrivals and concentrated movements on certain favor-

able days.

Variable weather

4V

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Crested Flycatcher............. Apr.29|May 18|May 23/May |May 8|May 8|May 8|May 5|May 6|May 7/....... “IM y s ee 9\May 4)/Apr.27|Apr.27|May 3|May 6)Apr.29),........
BR OOD ON Mate serene cececcannctcceleneser ees emeense ..[Apr. 2|May 15 Mar r. 6|M: [ar.19|Mar.16 SUE ees ee eae May S\May 6\Mey 2/May 6/May ¥)........
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Re s. |Apr. pr.2 ee Apr.27|Apr,25|Apr. 10|Apr. 10] Apr. 17/Apr,18]Apr.25|Apr.13/Apr. 6|/May 1}......... |Apr.15|Apr.11/May 14|Apr.16/Apr,29| Apr. 28
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Pa tole Mantis R 5 - y y l)May 2)......... May 8|May 7|May 7|May §8)......... May 7
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Black and White Warbler...| ........ Apr.24|May 11)Apr.21/May 2)......... Apr. 25 Apr.24|Apr.30|Apr. 21 ase 29 y May ljMay 1 aes 26 re 3 wey De eye Say ee May a
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Chestnut Sidedmvjarbleteses|secess ces May 18]......... WER NB} c5000n60|}eo0n0a000}1s00000000 May 4|/May 20)......... WEN ~ Cll goaecooadltodg0a. Go May 4l......00 May 20 May 8 May 6
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aryland Yellow-throat. .. .; Apr.20|Apr,23/May 22|Apr.21)Apr.25|Apr,24|Apr.25|Apr.30|Apr. 25) Apr. 25|/Apr.24|Apr,25)|May 1/Apr.26)......... Apr.27|Apr,30|May 10)Apr.24|May 10/May 9
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rown Thrasher | Apr. 26|Apr.17|A pr. 25) Apr. 26| Apr. 25/ Apr. 25| Apr. 22 Apr.24/Apr,20}Apr.25)Apr.25| Apr. 20]......... Apr.39| Apr, 24|Apr.28]Apr.27|May 2)Apr.25
OTE WARE soco5nadooanos00K006 | EN ea Renopecod Apr.26|Apr.26|Apr, 26|Apr.25|Apr.25) Apr. 20} Apr. 25)......... Apr. 18|Apr. 28] Apr. 29|A pr. 24|A pr, 12/Apr, 26|May 10)Apr.12|May 1)/Apr,28
Apr.22|May 3/May 9|May 5/May 2) ........ |Apr.27|Apr.27/Apr. 25) Apr. 24), ......4- May 3]/May 6!May 3\May 4\/May 9/Apr,21
lessees Apr. 12)....0000.|-.cceeee-| Feb. 271.........;Apr. 9/Apr.16)Apr. 9/Apr.17/Apr. 8).....06feceeeees Apr. 9}.........|Apr. 9|May 1
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o Qe TABLE II.

ee \ \, y SPRING MIGRATION, 1915.
- Re eereeram ae c EARLIEST DATES OF ARRIVAL OF

THIRTY-TWO SPECIES AT TWENTY~
ONE STATIONS OUTSIDE THE PHILA-
DBELPHIA CIRCLE,

2 Pag

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, GLOUCESTER CQUNTY
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DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB 45

List of Other Species Reported by Observers during 1915,
and Additional Notes on Species Contained in the
Schedule. Autumn Dates Refer to Autumn
of 1914 Unless Otherwise Stated.*

Pied-billed Grebe, Podilymbus podiceps. Camden, N. J.,
Apr. 18 (Potter) ; Westtown, Apr. 8 occasionally to May 2
(Jones and Evans).

Loon, Gavia immer. Fish House, N. J., Apr. 25-30 (Pot-
ter) ; Lopez, two, Apr. 22 (Behr) ; Westtown, Apr. 26 and 27
(Jones and Evans).

Herring Gull, Larus argentatus. Mouth of Maurice River,
N. J., Aug. 14, 1914 (Prince); arrived Frankford, Oct. 15
(Miller) ; Beverly, N. J., Sept. 14 to May 9 (Baird) ; Wayne,
Feb. 17, three (Alexander).

Ring-billed Gull, Zarus delawarensis. Essington, Mar. 19,
several (Miller).

Laughing Gull, Larus atricilla. Cape May, N. J., May 1
(Hand); mouth of Maurice River, N. J., Sept. 12, 1914
(Prince).

Bonaparte’s Gull, Larus philadelphia. Fish House, N. J.,
Apr. 25-26 (Potter).

Wilson’s Petrel, Oceanites oceanicus. Below Egg Island
Light, Delaware Bay, Aug. 14 and 27, 1914 (Prince).

Double-crested Cormorant, Phalacrocorax auritus. Cape
May, N. J., Mar. 16 (Hand).

Merganser, Mergus americanus. Feb. 12 to Apr. 16 (Pot-
ter) ; Audubon, N. J., Apr. 8 (Tatum).

Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos. Audubon, N. J., May 23
(Tatum).

Black Duck, Anas rubripes. Cape May, N. J., fed largely
on periwinkle ; most of those taken were full of them (Hand) ;
Avalon, N. J., Dee. 9, 1914 (Prince).

Pintail, Dafila acuta. Fish House, N. J., Feb. 19-21 (Pot-
ter).

Wood Duck, Aix sponsa. Millville, N. J., eight, Oct. 12
(Potter).

* Localities are in Pennsylvania unless otherwise marked.

46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Lesser Scaup Duck, Marila affinis. Buckshutem, N. J., Mar.
6 (Prince) ; Fish House, N. J., Mar. 28 to Apr. 23 (Potter).

Bufflehead Duck, Charitonetta albeola. A pair at Doyles-
town, Apr. 23 (MacKeynolds).

Scoter, Oidemia americana. Fish House, N. J., Oct. 17
(Potter). .

Canada Goose, Branta c. canadensis. Vineland, N. J., flock
of 200, Oct. 26, 1914, and another Feb. 3 (Prince).

Bittern, Botaurus lentiginosus. Pt. Elizabeth, Maurice
River, N. J., Aug. 26 (Prince) ; Bustleton, May 11; Thor-
oughfare, June 5 (Muller).

Least Bittern, Ixobrychus exilis. Fish House, N. J., May
23 (Potter) ; Bridesburg, nest with eggs, May 20 (Miller).

Great Blue Heron, Ardea herodias herodias. Wayne, Sept.
10, 1914 (Baker) ; Westtown, Apr. 13 (Hvans and Jones) ;
five on Neshaminy Creek, Forest Grove, Apr. 25 (Bewley).

White Egret, Herodias egretta. Maple Shade, N. J., Aug.
15 (Miller).

Black-crowned Night Heron, Nycticorax n. naevius. Ber-
nardsville, N. J., Apr. 21 (Kuser).

King Rail, Rallus elegans. Cape May, N. J., May 23, nest
and 14 eggs (Hand) ; Fish House, N. J., Oct. 17 (Potter).

Sora, Porzana carolina. Bridesburg, four nests during
June with 7, 9, 11 and 12 eggs (Miller).

Little Black Rail, Creciscus jamaicensis. Stone Harbor,
N. J., May 30, flushed bird (Miller).

Florida Gallinule, Gallinula galeata. Bridesburg, three
pairs nested, nest and 12 eggs, May 31; another with 11 eggs,
June 12; June 25, seven young nearly half-grown (Miller).

Woodeock, Philohela minor. Buckshutem, N. J., Apr. 4
(Prince) ; Fish House, N. J., Apr. 4 (Potter) ; Media, Mar.
17 (Moore) ; Swarthmore, Mar. 14 and 17, Apr. 5 and 9, May
12 (Harrower) ; Jordantown, June 1, and Palmyra, N. J.,
June 20 (Miller) ; Haverford, Apr. 26 (Dunn) ; Forest Grove,
Apr. 10 (Bewley) ; Lopez, Apr. 7 (Behr) ; Doylestown, Mar.
21 (MacReynolds).

Wilson’s Snipe, Gallinago delicata. Cape May, N. J., Mar.
20 (Hand) ; Camden, N. J., Apr. 4-11 and May 17 (Potter) ;

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB 47.

Audubon, N. J., May 21 (Tatum); Addingham, Apr. 20
(Culver) ; Holmesburg, Apr. 30 (Miller) ; Haverford, Apr.
26 (Dunn); Forest Grove, Apr. 10 (Bewley) ; Doylestown,
three on Apr. 14 (MacReynolds).

Pectoral Sandpiper, Pisobia maculata. Camden, N. J., Nov..
8, 1914 (Potter).

Least Sandpiper, Pisobia minutilla. Atlantic City, N. J.,
May 2 (Cromie) ; Camden, N. J., May 9-23, flocks of 3 to 30:
(Potter).

Semipalmated Sandpiper, Hreunetes pusillus. Atlantic
City, N. J., May 18 (Crome).

Greater Yellowlegs, Totanus melanoleucus. Cape May, N.
J., Apr. 12 (Hand) ; Atlantic City, N. J.. May 2 (Cromie) ;
Camden, N. J., May 1-23 (Potter) ; Bernardsville, N. J., May
3 (Kuser); Darby Creek marshes near Essington, May 9
(Packer) ; Ridley Park, May 7 (Gross).

Lesser Yellowlegs, Totanus flavipes. Cape May, N. J., May
3 (Hand).

Willet, Catoptrophorus semipalmatus. Seaside Park, N. J.,
four seen Aug. 23, 1914 (Potter).

Upland Plover, Bartramia longicauda. Cape May, N. J.,
Apr. 12 (Hand); Rushland, May 31 (Potter) ; Doylestown,
May 6, several (MacReynolds).

Hudsonian Curlew, Numentus hudsonicus. Cape May, N. J.,.
Apr. 19 (Hand).

Black-bellied Plover, Squatarola squatarola. Cape May, N..
J., May 3 (Hand) ; Seaside Park, N. J., flock of 20, Aug. 23,
1914 (Potter).

Killdeer, Oxyechus vociferus. Buckshutem, N. J., nest and
two eggs, Mar. 26; heavy snowstorm, Apr. 2, and nest de-
serted with three eggs; Apr. 20, nest and four eggs near same
spot (Prince) ; Haddonfield, N. J., two nests with eggs on
Country Club grounds a quarter of a mile apart, Apr. 30, one’
incubated about two weeks (Moore).

Semipalmated Plover, Aegialitis semipalmata. Cape May,
N. J., May 9 (Hand) ; Atlantic City, N. J., May 18 (Cromie) ;
Camden, N. J., May 22 (Miller).

Piping Plover, Aegialitts meloda. Cape May, N. J., Sept..
2,1915 (Culver).

-48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Dove, Zenaidura macroura carolinensis. Swarthmore, nest
-and eggs, Mar. 30 (Harrower) ; Addingham, six or eight win-
tered (Culver). .

Turkey Vulture, Cathartes aura septentrionalits. Nest and
two young in small rock cave near Bycot Station on Bucking-
ham Mt., apparently the first breeding record for Bucks Co.,
where twenty years ago this bird was almost unknown (Mac-
Reynolds).

Broad-winged Hawk, Buteo platypterus. Audubon, N. J.,
May 7 (Tatum) ; Norwood, several Apr. 18, only one a week
later (Packer) ; Westtown, a pair May 2 (Evans and Jones) ;
Addingham, Apr. 17 (Culver).

Rough-legged Hawk, Archibuteo lagopus sanctijohannis.
Tinicum, Mar. 19 (Miller).

Bald Hagle, Haliaetus leucocephalus(?). Swarthmore, one
seen flying before a storm, May 22, a dark bird showing no
white (Palmer).

Pigeon Hawk, Falco columbarius. Audubon, N. J., May 9
(Tatum) ; Doylestown, Apr. 7 and 12 (MacReynolds) ; Wild-
wood, N. J., May 2 (Rhoads).

Wood Duck, Aix sponsa. Audubon, N. J., Apr. 10 (Ta-
tum) ; Forest Grove, Bucks Ca., Apr. 7 (Bewley).

Duck Hawk, Falco peregrinus anatum. Chester, Mar. 2
(Carter).

Osprey, Pandion haliaetus carolinensis. Buckshutem, N. J.,
three occupied nests summer 1914, birds had left nests Sept.
12 (Prince) ; Pensauken Creek, N. J., July 9 (Miller).

Barn Owl, Aluco pratincola. Gloucester, N. J., Oct. 25 to
Mar. 28 (Potter) ; Swarthmore, one shot Mar. 21 (Palmer).

Long-eared Owl, Asio wilsomanus. Gloucester, N. J., Dec.
25, 1914 to Feb. 13, 1915 (Potter).

Short-eared Owl, Asio accipitrinus. Camden, N. J., Oct. 7,
1914 (Potter); North Pensauken Creek, N. J., Aug. 22
(Miller).

Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Coccyzus a. americanus. Camden, N.
J., nest with one fully-feathered young, Sept. 5, 1914 (Pot-
ter).

Kingfisher, Ceryle alcyon alcyon. One wintered at Swarth-

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB 49

more (Harrower) ; Doylestown, a pair wintered at Turk Dam
(Mackeynolds).

Hairy Woodpecker, Dryobates v. villosus. Camden, N. J.,
nest with young, May 8 (Potter).

Red-headed Woodpecker, Melanerpes erythrocephalus. Ju-
venal bird, Marple, Feb. 12 (Culver) ; West Chester, two on
Feb. 6 (Brinton) ; Haddonfield, N. J., June 15-29 (Moore).

Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, Sphyrapicus varws varus.
Swarthmore, Jan. 9 (Harrower); Ridley Park, Jan. 2
(Gross).

Flicker, Colaptes auratus luteus. Addingham, four or five
wintered (Culver).

Hummingbird, Archilochus colubris. Last seen Vineland,
N. J., Sept. 28, 1914 (Prince).

Great-crested Flycatcher, Myzarchus crinitus. last seen
Buckshutem, N. J., Sept. 17, 1914 (Prince).

Olive-sided Flycatcher, Contopus borealis. Lopez, May 29
(Behr).

Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, Empidonaxz flaviventris. Last
seen Buckshutem, N. J., Sept. 17, 1914 (Prince) ; Moores-
town, N. J., May 8 (Mickle) ; Pocono Lake, Pa., nest and four
eggs, June 26 (Stuart), nest and young, July 19 (Baty),
eggs, May 24 (Bewley).

Alder Flycatcher, Empidonax traidli alnorum. Rushland,
May 30 (D. V. O. C.); Pocono Lake, Pa., nest and one egg,
June 12 (Carter), nest and three eggs, July 17 (Baily).

Blue Jay, Cyanocitta cristata cristata. Became much more
plentiful at Media, Mar. 7 (Moore); not seen about Frank-
ford until Apr. 26 (Miller) ; Haverford, none until Mar. 8,
and quite abundant after Apr. 138 (Hallett) ; Forest Grove,
nest and five eggs, May 23 (Bewley).

Meadow Lark, Sturnella magna magna. Rosemont, May 23,
nest and five eggs (Scoville); Forest Grove, nest and four
eggs, May 24 (Bewley).

Red-winged Blackbird, Agelaius phoeniceus phoeniceus.
Rosemont, May 20, nest and four eggs (Scoville).

Bobolink, Dolichonyx oryzworus. Torresdale, June 28
(Miller).

50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Purple Grackle, Quiscalus quiscula quiscula. Cape May,
N. J., Dec. 27, 1914, flock (Hand) ; a flock wintered 1914-15
at West Chester (Sharples) ; a number wintered with Star-
lings in evergreens at Concordville (Styer).

Purple Finch, Carpodacus p. purpureus. Addingham, a few
wintered (Culver) ; last seen at Norwood, May 2 (Packer) ;
arrived Frankford, Oct. 21 (Miller); Haverford, none till
Apr. 27 (Hallett) ; Rosemont, Mar. 18 and 25, flock in song,
only one pink male (Scoville) ; Doylestown, Apr. 27 (Mac-
Reynolds) ; West Chester, Apr. 27 to May 8 (Brinton) ;
Westtown, last seen May 2 (Hvans and Jones).

Goldfinch, Astragalinus tristis tristis. Swarthmore, very
abundant Apr. 28 (Palmer) ; Addingham, six wintered (Cul-
ver) ; rare until Mar. 26, Haverford, very abundant after May
3 (Hallett).

Redpoll, Acanthis linaria linaria. Wyncote, ten to fifteen,
Jan. 24 (Culver).

Pine Finch, Spinus pinus. Audubon, N. J., Apr. 10 (Ta-
tum).

Vesper Sparrow, Powcetes gramineus gramimeus. Cape
May, N. J., Feb. 28, 1915 (Hand); Norwood, Jan. 10, one
feeding with Juncos (Packer).

Henslow’s Sparrow, Ammodramus henslowi. Meadows
along Maurice River, N. J., heard singing, Aug. 15, 1914
(Prince) ; Sussex, N. J., observed singing in bog, undoubtedly
breeding or had bred there, July 9 (Moore and Rhoads) ; New
London, Chester Co., six carefully observed Oct. 11, 1914
(Roberts) ; New Lisbon, N. J., nest and four eggs May 30
(Stuart).

-White-throated Sparrow, Zonotrichia albicollis. Audubon,
N. J., Nov. 10, 1914 to May 6 (Tatum) ; Moorestown, N. J.,
Sept. 22, 1914, to May 24 (Wickle) ; Rancoeas, N. J., Sept. 20,
1914 to May 17 (Haines); Haverford, abundant Apr. 5
until May 19 (Hallett); last seen Camden, N. J., May 23
(Potter) ; Addingham, May 12 (Culver) ; Norwood, May 25
(Packer) ; Ridley Park, May 2 (Lloyd); Rosemont, May 23
(Scoville) ; Doylestown, Apr. 25 to May 16 (MacReynolds) ;
Wayne, Sept. 25, 1914 to May 23 (Baker) ; Westtown, May

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB 51

18 (Jones and Evans) ; West Chester, Sept. 11, 1914 to May
22 (Sharples); Beverly, N. J., Sept. 18, 1914 to May 16
(Baird).

Field Sparrow, Spizella pusilla pusilla. Addingham, six
wintered (Culver) ; Swarthmore, Feb. 22 (Harrower).

Tree Sparrow, Spizella m. monticola. Last seen Camden,
N. J., Apr. 4 (Potter) ; Norwood, Mar. 28 (Packer) ; Frank-
ford, Oct. 22, 1914 to Apr. 18 (Miller) ; Westtown, Mar. 19
(Jones and Evans) ; Doylestown, scarce, only seen Mar. 15
and 29 (MacReynolds); arrived Wayne, Oct. 24, 1914
(Baker) ; West Chester, Mar. 17 (Roberts) ; Beverly, N. J.,
Oct. 5 to Feb. 12 (Baird).

Junco, Junco h. hyemalis. Last seen Camden, N. J., Apr.
23 (Potter) ; Addingham, Apr. 20 (Culver) ; Norwood, Apr.
18 (Packer) ; Ridley Park, Apr. 15 (Lloyd) ; Haverford, Apr.
21 (Hallett) ; Moorestown, N. J., Sept. 11, 1914 to Apr. 24
(Mickle) ; Rancocas, N. J., Sept. 28, 1914 (Haines) ; Yard-
ville, N. J., Nov. 12, 1914 to Apr. 14 (Allinsona; Frankford,
Oct. 17, 1914 to Apr. 27 (Miller) ; Wayne, Oct. 1, 1914 to
Apr. 27 (Baker); Westtown, Apr. 27 (Jones and Evans) ;
West Chester, Apr. 18 (Sharples) ; Doylestown, Oct. 1 to
Apr. 20 (Mackeynolds) ; Beverly, N. J., Oct. 12 to Apr. 14
(Baird); West Chester, Sept. 21, 1914 to Apr. 17 (De-
Haven), Apr. 23 (Roberts).

Fox Sparrow, Passerella iliaca iliaca. Swarthmore, Jan. 1
(Palmer).

Cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis cardinalis. Nest at Forest
Grove, Bucks Co., May 15 (Bewley); nests at Doylestown
(MacKeynolds).

Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Zamelodia ludoviciana. Oakview,
July 14 (Culver) ; two nests at Torresdale (Miller).

Tree Swallow, Iridoprocne bicolor. Nest and six eggs, Pen-
sauken Creek, N. J., June 1; two males and one female seen
(Miller).

Cedarbird, Bombycilla cedrorum. Cape May, N. J., Nov. 6,
1914, flocks (Hand) ; Swarthmore, Feb. 10, flock of ten, com-
mon, Mar. 19-28 (Harrower) ; West Chester, flock of 100 on
Mar. 23 (DeHaven).

52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Northern Shrike, Lanius borealis. Haddonfield, N. J., two,
Mar. 2 (Moore).

Prothonotary Warbler, Protonotarea citrea. Henderson,
Md., June 4-5, two new nests made of green moss in old
Downy Woodpecker holes, also one with young (Scoville and
Stuart).

Worm-eating Warbler, Helmitheros vermivorus. Adding-
ham, Sept. 4, 1915, first I have seen in Darby Creek Valley
(Culver); nest and four eggs, Chestnut Hill, June 17
(Miller).

Blue-winged Warbler, Vermivora pinus. Moorestown, N. J.,
May 1 (Mickle).

Hybrid Warbler, Vermivora leucobronchialis. Sussex, N.
J., July 8, young bird of year secured from family of three
or four; pure adult Golden-winged parent present. See
“*Auk’’ for April, 1916 (Moore).

Golden-winged Warbler, Vermivora chrysoptera. Moores-
town, N. J., May 1 (Mickle); Norwood, May 2 (Packer) ;
Haverford, Apr. 27 and May 18 (Hallett) ; May 9 (Serrill) ;
Ardmore, May 9 (Baily).

Nashville Warbler, Vermivora r. rubricapilla. Audubon,
N. J., May 25 (Tatum) ; Moorestown, N. J., Apr. 30 (Mickle) ;
Swarthmore, May 3 (Harrower) ; West Chester, Apr. 28 and
May 1 (Roberts) ; Ardmore, May 16 (Baily).

Tennessee Warbler, Vermivora peregrina. Addingham, one
shot Sept. 26, 1914 (Culver) ; Ardmore, May 18 (Baily).

Cape May Warbler, Dendroica tigrina. Buckshutem, N. J.,
Sept. 14, 15 and 20, 1914 (Prince) ; Moorestown, N. J., May
22, many present for nearly a week, one on May 31 (Wieer-
mann); Swarthmore, several May 12-19 (Harrower); Ad-
dingham, one shot, Sept. 26, 1914, another Sept. 4, 1915 (Cul-
ver); Lansdowne, May 18, 15 and 17 (Carter) ; Norwood,
several males and four females, May 9 (Packer) ; Haverford,
May 10-11, at least nine (Hallett and Serrill) ; West Grove,
Chester Co., Sept. 12, 1914 (Roberts); Ardmore, May 10
(Baily) ; Coneordville, May 10 (Styer) ; Rosemont, May 16
(Scoville) ; West Chester, May 7-19 (DeHaven).

Bay-breasted Warbler, Dendroica castanea. Camden, N. J.,

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB 53

May 22-23 (Potter); Audubon, N. J., May 16 (Tatum) ;
Mooretown, N. J., six on May 23 (Wtermann) ; Bernadsville,
N. J., May 23 (Kuser); Swarthmore, May 19, 25-31 (Har-
rower); Ridley Park, May 15 (Gross) ; Haverford, May 18,
19, 28 and 31 (Hallett and Serrill) ; Rosemont, May 23 (Sco-
ville) ; Westtown, May 18-19 (Hvans and Jones) ; Ardmore,
May 18 (Baily) ; West Chester, May 24-26 (DeHaven).

Pine Warbler, Dendroica vigorst. Noted regularly at Ad-
dingham every spring and a few in autumn (Culver).

Palm Warbler, Dendroica palmarum palmarum. City Hall,
Oct. 25 (Baily) ; Oct. 17 (Culver).

Prairie Warbler, Dendroica discolor. New Lisbon, N. J.,
June 20, nest in laurel bush, lined with fern wool, four eggs
(Scoville).

Louisiana Water Thrush, Seiurus motacilla. Haverford,
Apr. 27, and several times later, well identified (Hallett).

Mourning Warbler, Oporornis philadelphia. Swarthmore,
male shot June 4 (Palmer).

Maryland Yellow-throat, Geothlypis trichas trichas. Buck-
shutem, N. J., arrived Apr. 21, building by May 8, two eggs
May 15, four eggs May 18, young well grown June 5 (Prince).

Hooded Warbler, Wilsonia citrina. Cape May, N. J., May
4 (Hand) ; Camden, N. J., May 9 and 11 (Potter).

Wilson’s Warbler, Wilsonia pusilla. Ridley Park, May 12
(Gross) ; Haverford, May 16 and 18 (Hallett) ; Rosemont,
May 23 (Scoville) ; Westtown, May 20 (EHvans and Jones) ;
Ardmore, May 16 (Baily) ; Beverly, N. J., May 17 (Street) ;
Camden, N. J., May 18 (Potter); Audubon, N. J., May 19
(Tatum) ; West Chester, May 18 (Roberts).

Redstart, Setophaga ruticilla. Buckshutem, N. J., seen a
great deal May 8-20, found with young at same spot June 22
(Prince). .

Titlark, Anthus rubescens. Norwood, Mar. 28, flock of 10
to 15 (Packer) ; West Chester, Mar. 29 and May 10 (Sharp-
les) ; Doylestown, Nov. 8, 1914, and Apr. 30 (MacKeynolds).

Mockingbird, Mimus polyglottos. Westtown, wintering
(Morris) ; Westgrove, nesting, June 25 (Roberts).

Catbird, Dumetella carolinensis. Pleasantville, N. J., Jan.

54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

3 (Packer and Potter); Cape May, N. J., Dec. 9, 1914, and
Jan. 24, 1915 (Hand).

Brown Thrasher, Toxostoma rufum. Cape May, N. J., Dec.
9, 1914, and Feb. 3, 1915 (Hand).

Carolina Wren, Thryothorus ludovicianus ludovicianus.
Wayne, present in May, first time in years (Baker).

House Wren, Troglodytes aedon aedon. Forest Grove, nest.
and six eggs, May 28 (Bewley).

Winter Wren, Nannus h. hiemalis. Last seen Addingham,
Apr. 27 (Culver) ; Norwood, Apr. 21 (Packer) ; Westtown,
May 2 (Jones and Evans); Haverford, Apr. 20 to May 3
(Hallett) ; last seen Rosemont, May 9 (Scoville) ; Wayne,
Oct. 1, 1914 to May 2 (Baker).

Brown Creeper, Certhia familiaris americana. Last seen
Camden, N. J., Apr. 20 (Potter) ; Moorestown, N. J., Sept. 27,
1914 to May 6 (Mickle) ; Rancocas, N. J., Sept. 15 (Haines) ;
Swarthmore, Apr. 27 (Palmer) ; Addingham, Apr. 27 (Cul-
ver); Norwood, Apr. 28 (Packer); Haverford, Apr. 21
(Hallett) ; Wayne, Sept. 21, 1914 to Apr. 24 (Baker) ; West-
town, Apr. 21 (Jones and Evans); arrived Beverly, N. J.,
Oct. 2, 1914 (Baird); West Chester, Sept. 26, 1914 (De-
Haven) to Apr. 28 (Roberts) ; Doylestown, abundant, Apr.
13-20 (MacKeynolds) ; Frankford, Oct. 18, 1914 to Apr. 10
(Miller).

White-breasted Nuthatch, Sitta c. carolinensis. Rosemont,
Apr. 12, building nest, using wood fiber, down and fur (Sco-
ville) ; Wayne, Dec. 30, 1914, one seen on ground drinking
melted snow (Alexander).

Red-breasted Nuthatch, Sitta canadensis. Audubon, N. J.,
Apr. 10 (Tatum) ; Moorestown, N. J., Jan. 16 (Mickle) ; Ger-
mantown, Feb. 27 (Mason) ; Wayne, Oct. 2, 11 and 12, 1914,
and May 19 and 23 (Baker).

Chickadee, Parus atricapillus(?). Haverford, Apr. 26 and
May 11, one on each date (Hallett and Dunn) ; Crum Creek,
Feb. 22 (Baily).

Golden-crowned Kinglet, Regulus s. satrapa. Last seen Apr.
27 (Culver) ; Norwood, Apr. 18 (Packer) ; Haverford, Apr.
16-21, common; last Apr. 23 (Hallett) ; West Chester, Apr.

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB 55

10 (Sharples) ; Frankford, Oct. 13, 1914 to Apr. 10 (Miller) ;
Beverly, N. J., arrived Oct. 18, 1914 (Baird) ; West Chester,
Oct. 20 to Apr. 24 (Roberts) ; Wayne, Sept. 24, 1914 to Apr.
12 (Baker) ; Westtown, Apr. 18 (Jones and Evans) ; Vine-
land, N. J., Oct. 28, 1914 (Prince).

Hermit Thrush, Hylocichla guttata pallast. Lansdowne,
Apr. 7, one sang freely for several minutes, and while the
song was not up to the summer standard, it could not be
called a ‘‘whisper song’’ (Carter) ; Rosemont, Apr. 19, heard
one sing for nearly five minutes as loudly as in summer, sit-
ting on low branch two feet from the ground (Scoville) ;
Doylestown, Apr. 9-29 (MacReynolds) ; Darby Creek, Jan.
30 (Baily).

Abstract of the Proceedings of the Delaware
Valley Ornithological Club, 1915

BY J. FLETCHER STREET, SEC.

January 7, 1915. The 25th Anniversary of the Club was
duly celebrated at the Dinner held at the Roosevelt. The old
officers were elected for the ensuing year as follows :—

President—Stewardson Brown,
Vice-President—Henry W. Fowler,
Secretary—J. Fletcher Street,
Treasurer—Samuel C. Palmer.

Ten visitors and sixty-five members present.

Dr. Spencer Trotter acted in the capacity of Toast Master.
Short addresses were were made by Dr. A. K. Fisher of Wash-
ington, D. C., Mr. J. H. Sage of Portland, Conn., Mr. C. F.
Batchelder of Cambridge, Mass., Mr. John T. Nichols of New
York, Dr. T. S. Palmer of Washington and Dr. Robt. T. Young
of the University of North Dakota.

Dr. William E. Hughes responded to the toast, ‘‘The Oolo-
gist.’’ Mr. Robt. T. Moore read from a rare volume of Club
history, entitled ‘‘D. V. O. C. or How a Great Egg was
Hatched.’’ Dr. Witmer Stone made some pertinent remarks
about the work of the Club and read original verses pertaining
to the work and spirit of the organization.

January 21, 1915. Twenty-six members present.

Dr. Samuel C. Palmer addressed the Club upon the subject
“‘ Hos Zygotes Damnatos Trotteri.’’ The processes of hybridi-
zation, as determined by Mendel’s Law, were described with
special reference to Lawrence’s Warbler.

February 4, 1915. Seventeen members and one visitor pres-

ent.
(56 )

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB 57

The following standing committees were appointed to serve
during 1915.
On Publication—Messrs. Morris, Moore and Cope.
On Field Work—Messrs. Baily, Stuart and Street.
Mr. David Harrower addressed the Club upon the subject
‘*Coast Mountain Notes.’? His remarks referred to the birds
of the Coast Range Mountains of North-western California.

February 18, 1915. One visitor and fourteen members present.

Mr. Julian K. Potter made a communication entitled :—
‘‘Camden’s Shore Bird Meadow.’’ The communication was
noteworthy by the fact of a great many shore birds having been
recorded from a limited area close to the city of Camden. The
rare White-rumped Sandpiper was first observed on May 19th,
1913. The Pectoral Sandpiper was listed only as a fall migrant.

Mr. Samuel Mason, Jr., spoke upon ‘‘ A Plea for better Note
Keeping,’’ expressing several valuable suggestions along this
line.

March 14, 1915. One visitor and sixteen members present.
Dr. Witmer Stone addressed the Club upon the subject, ‘‘ Re-
port on the Spring Migration of 1914.’’ The necessity of
recording the time of the bulk arrival of birds as well as the
earliest arrivals was dwelt upon.

March 18, 1915. ‘Twenty-two members present. Mr. George
Spencer Morris addressed the meeting upon ‘‘ The Valley of the
Tacony.’’ This being the vicinity of the speaker’s home, the
results of his observations of birds during the last thirty years
were reviewed. Rough-winged and White-bellied Swallows
were cited as formerly breeding in the district, but not at the
present time. The Kentucky and Worm-eating Warblers were
mentioned as comparatively recent additions to the region.

April 1, 1915. One visitor and seventeen members present.
Dr. Spencer Trotter gave an interesting talk entitled ‘‘ Outlying
Types of Certain Families of North American Passerines.’’ The:
speaker’s remarks pertained to the existing classification of
passerines. The relations of certain groups and species were
dwelt upon.

58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

April 15, 1915. One visitor and twenty-five members pres-
ent. President Brown addressed the Club upon the subject,
‘*Some Impressions of Porto Rico and its Birds.’’ Observa-
tions were made principally about the southwestern portion of
the island. Grackles, mockingbirds and orioles were men-
tioned as characteristic birds of the low country. Finches and
doves frequent the higher wooded districts.

May 6, 1915. One visitor and seventeen members present.
Dr. Max M. Peet gave an interesting talk entitled ‘‘ Birds of
‘the Michigan Pine Barrens.’’ The speaker made a comparison
between the district and similar lands in New Jersey. The
Kirtland Warbler was mentioned as the most abundant species
of the district under observation.

Mr. Stewardson Brown gave a comparison of the flora of the
Michigan and New Jersey Pine Barrens.

May 20, 1915. Nineteen members present. Mr. Samuel N.
Rhoads addressed the Club upon the subject, ‘‘Some Remark-
able Birds Observed in Guatemala.’’ Mr. Rhoads described
the bird-life of the dry country as comprising many species of
parrots, cuckoos; also Roadrunners and Inca Doves, while in the
wet country Macaws, Tinamous, Plumbeous Kites and Mot-
mots were the common birds.

Mr. Poole, who accompanied Mr. Rhoads upon the trip,
augmented Mr. Rhoads’ remarks and described the call-notes
and songs of several of the species observed.

The following were proposed for Associate Membership: Mr.
Harry E. Parker, Southampton, Pa.; Mr.. Edward Woolman,
Haverford, Pa.; Mr. Wm. W. McCall, Jr., 4055 Chestnut St.;
Mr. E. P. Irwin, Swarthmore, Pa.; Mr. Henry J. Fry, 224 W.
Manheim St., Germantown.

October 7, 1915. Twenty-seven members present. The fol-
lowing resolution was adopted: ‘‘ The members of the Delaware
Valley Ornithological Club have heard with sincere sorrow of
the death of their Associate, C. Few Seiss, and desire to place
upon record their appreciation of the loss which they, both as
an organization and individually, have sustained in his death.’’

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB 59

Dr. William E. Hughes gave an interesting talk on ‘‘ Italian
Bird Notes.’’ The talk was illustrated by a remarkable series
of lantern slides from photographs taken in the Azores, Algiers,
Pompeii, Paestum, Amalfi, Capri, and the hill-towns of
Hitruria.

October 21, 1915. Twenty-nine members present. Dr. Wit-
mer Stone gave a most interesting account of his trip ‘‘To
California and Return with the D. V. O. C. Glasses and a Vest
Pocket Kodak.’’ Going west, the Santa Fe route was taken,
and the return trip was by the Canadian Pacific as far as
Chicago. Many interesting places were visited, including the
Yosemite Valley, Grand Canon, Vancouver and the Canadian
Rockies. Characteristic birds of the points visited were de-
scribed. The account was illustrated with lantern slides of
great beauty and interest.

November 4, 1915. One visitor and twenty-two members. In
the business session the following were elected to Associate
membership: Edward Woolman, Haverford, Pa.; Henry J.
Fry, 224 W. Manheim St., Germantown ; Harry E. Parker,
Southampton, Pa.; Wm. W. McCall, Jr., 4056 Chestnut St.,
Philadelphia; Everett P. Irwin, Swarthmore, Pa.

Mr. Samuel N. Rhoads addressed the Club upon the subject,
*‘Snapshots and Field Notes from Guatemala.’’ Mr. Rhoads
read from his journal and that of Mr. Poole, who accompanied
him. The bird-life of the country was described.

November 18th, 1915. (Twenty-six members present.

The name of Mr. Richard Burdsall, Swarthmore, Pa. was
proposed for Associate membership.

Mr. J. Fletcher Street described a spring field-trip under the
subject: ‘‘Waylaying Boreal Birds in the Poconos.’? The
speaker described a trip to the Pocono Lake in company with
Messrs. Baily, Stuart, Hughes and Carter covering a period
extending from June 11th to June 14th inclusive and on June
26th of the present year.

Thirty-four species of nesting birds were found including the
Yellow-bellied and Alder Flycatchers, Canadian, Black-throated

60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Green, Black-throated Blue and Magnolia Warblers. The
Olive-sided Flycatcher was noted and the Nashville Warbler
was mentioned as a summer resident, although no nest was
found.

Dr. Stone exhibited a beautiful series of lantern slides of
the birds of California.

December 2nd, 1915. One visitor and twenty-three members
present.

The annual meeting of the Ornithological Section of the
Academy was held and the report of said section was read.

Under a general subject entitled ‘‘General Discussion upon
recent Observations,’’? Dr. Stone reviewed a paper of Dr. Wat-
son relating to bird-flight.

December 16th, 1915. Wighteen members present.

Mr. David Harrower addressed the Club upon the subject :
‘* Impressions of Central American Birds.’’ Gatun on the Pan-
ama Canal was used as a base for several collecting trips. In
Costa Rica the birds noted included motmots, parrots, macaws,
honey creepers and certain species of Formicaridae. The
most interesting jungles visited occurred between Guapiles and
Greytown, Nicaragua.

Club Notes

SIXTEEN meetings were held during the year, the average
attendance being 23.93, this being the nearest approach to an
average of 24 possible, for if one member had attended one
meeting, at which he was marked absent, the average would
have been exactly 24. It should be noted that this is the aver-
age attendance of members only ; if visitors were included the
attendance would average over 25. Twenty-four is the highest
average the Club has had and was reached in the years 1905,
1906, and 1907.

*
* *

The first outing of the Club for the year was taken along the
valley of the Crum Creek, Pa. February 22nd, 1915. The day
was warm and fair. Two visitors and sixteen members were
present and twenty-five species of birds were observed.

The Good Friday outing, April 2nd, 1915, was a walk to
Bear Swamp and a visit to Camp Catoxen near Medford, N. J.
Eighteen members and visitors participated. Thirty species of
birds were observed, among them a host of Red-winged Black-
birds. Fifty thousand was the conservative estimate determined
upon by all. The flock which was nearly two miles long, was
flying southeast. Later it was suggested that these birds were
going south because of the snowstorm, which occurred on the
following day, accumulating fourteen inches of snow by 5:00
p- m.

_ May 30th, 1915 was the date of the third Club outing taken
in the vicinity of Rushland, Pa. along the Neshaminy Valley.
Two visitors and fifteen members were present. Sixty-four
species of birds were observed, including the Upland Plover and

(61)

62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Alder Flycatcher ; and twelve species were found breeding, in-

cluding the Bobolink.

The following additions have been made to the Club collection
of nests and eggs of Pennsylvania and New Jersey birds during

the year:
Ruffed Grouse Set of Eggs R. P. Sharples.
Ruffed Grouse Nest and Eggs Street & Stuart.
Alder Flycatcher Two nests Carter & Baily.
Cliff Swallow Set of Eggs Carter & Stuart.
Bobolink Nest and Eggs Packer & Stuart.
Upland Plover Set of Eggs R. P. Sharples.

The nests or eggs of the following species are still desiderata:

Pied-billed Grebe,
Loon,

American Bittern,
Sora Rail,

Little Black Rail,
Coot,

Solitary Sandpiper,
Upland Plover,’
Wild Turkey,
Red-tailed Hawk,
Bald Eagle,

Duck Hawk,
Long-eared Owl,*
Short-eared Owl,
Great Horned Owl,’
Barred Owl,
Saw-whet Owl,

*

Black-billed Cuckoo,
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker,
Pileated Woodpecker,’
Red-bellied Woodpecker,
Alder Flycatcher,

Prairie Horned Lark,
Bronzed Grackle,

Pine Finch,

Black and White Warbler,’
Golden-winged Warbler,
Nashville Warbler,
Mourning Warbler,
Mockingbird,

Bewick’s Wren,
Red-bellied Nuthatch,’
Golden-crowned Kinglet,
Gnatcatcher.*

*

The thanks of the Club are due to Mr. Samuel N. Rhoads for
the loan of the photogravure of Titian R. Peale, used in the

making of the frontispiece.

1 Only eggs desired.

? Only: nest desired.

Bibliography, 1915

Papers RELATING TO THE BIRDS OF PENNSYLVANIA, NEW
JERSEY AND DELAWARE

Bompercer, A. W. Report of the Norristown Audubon Club.
Bird-Lore, 1915, p. 522.

BownpisH, B.S. Fifth Annual Report of the N. J. Audubon
Society. Bird-Lore, 1915, p. 516.

Burns, F. L. The Downy. Odlogist, 1915, p. 33. <A ‘‘fin-
ter nest.’’

Second Sectional Bird Census 1914 Taken at Berwyn,
Chester County, Pennsylvania. Burrd-Lore, 1915, pp.
109-111.

The Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata) at Berwyn,

Pa. Auk, 1915, p. 225.
The Cape May Warbler (Dendroica tigrina) as an
Abundant Autumnal Migrant and as a Destructive
Grape Juice Consumer at Berwyn, Pa. Awk, 1915, pp.
231-232.

Occurrence of the Pectoral Sandpiper (Pisobia ma-
culata) near Salem, N. J. Awk, 1915, p. 226.

Second Breeding Record of the Chestnut-sided War-
bler (Dendroica pennsylvanica) for Chester County,
Pennsylvania. Wilson Bulletin, 1915, pp. 288-289.
The Introduction and Local Distribution of the Star-

ling (Sturnus vulgaris) in Southeastern Pennsylvania.
Wilson Bulletin, 1915, pp. 289-290. :
Bur.eicH, THos. D. Birds Seen on a Day’s Tramp in Alle-
gheny County, Pa. Odlogist, 1915, p. 20.
Curistmas Lists. By Numerous Observers. Bird-Lore, 1915,

pp. 31-34.
Cutver, D. E. Piping Plover at Cape May, N. J. Awk, 1915,
p. 97.

( 63 )

64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Dicxry, S. 8. The Great Horned Owl [in Greene Co., Pa.].

Oologist, 1915, p. 49.

The Blue-gray Gnateatcher [in Greene Co., Pa.].

Odlogist, 1915, pp. 67-71.

The Northern Raven [near State College, Pa.]. Odlo-

gist, 1915, pp. 106-107.

Rare Birds near Waynesburg, Pa. Auk, 1915, p. 236.
Yellow-crowned Night Heron, Bald Eagle and Florida
Gallinule.

Eastman, A. B. The Wood Duck [at Wilmington, Del.].
Oologist, 1915, p. 95.

Epiroriau. Bird Protection on the New Jersey Coast. Bird-
Lore, 1915, p. 344.

Cats and Birds [at Montclair, N. J.]. Bird-Lore, pp.
408-409.

FisHer, KE. W. Annual Report of Pennsylvania Audubon
Society. Burd-Lore, 1915, p. 517.

Hartow, R. C. The Cooper’s Hawk in Pike County, Pa.
Oodlogist, 1915, p. 25.

A Broad-wing’s Nest, and Nesting of the Red-shoul-
dered Hawk. Odlogist, 1915, pp. 29-33.

Haworru, M. M. A. Report of the Sewickley Valley Audu.
bon Society. Buird-Lore, 1915, p. 527.

Koutuer, L. 8. Unusual December Birds in Northern New
Jersey. Oologist, 1915, p. 34.

Cowbirds’ Eggs. Odlogist, 1915, pp. 35-38. A long

list of nests which contained Cowbirds’ eggs.

The Indigo Bunting in Northern New Jersey. Odlo-

— gist, 1915, pp. 77-78.

Early Nesting of the Ruffed Grouse [in Northern New

Jersey]. Odlogist, 1915, p. 91.

Loon, Red-shouldered Hawk, ete. [in Northern New

Jersey]. Odlogist, 1915, p. 116.

Corrections and Additions to the Preliminary List of

_ the Birds of Essex County, New Jersey. Wilson Bul-
letin, 1915, pp. 309-318.

Kusrr, J. D. Egret at Bernardsville, N. J. Bird-Lore, 1915,

p. 207.

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB 65

Lippincott, J. W. How Winter Thins Their Ranks. Bird-
Lore, 1915, pp. 11-14.

McConnetuz, T. L. Chickadee Notes from ee Penn-
sylvania. Odlogist, 1915, p. 35.

Minter, R. F. Notes on the Black-crowned Night Heron’s

Nest and Eggs [at Red Bank, N. J.]. Odlogist, 1915,

p. 53.

Notes on the Red-eyed Vireo in the Vicinity of Phila-

delphia. Odlogist, 1915, pp. 96-98.

The Least Tern at Philadelphia, Pa. Odlogist, 1915,

p. 172.

Notes on the Acadian Flycatcher in the Vicinity of
Philadelphia, Pa. Odlogist, 1915, p. 199.

Minuer, W. dE W., and Rogers, C. H. Plainfield, N. J., Bird
Census. Walson Bulletin, 1915, pp. 403-407.

Porter, J. K. Prothonotary Warbler at South Vineland,
N. J. Auk, 1915, p. 370.

Stupson, R. B. The Barred Owl and Great Horned Owl [at
Warren, Pa.|. Odlogist, 1915, pp. 9-12.

Goshawk Notes [at Warren, Pa.]. Odlogist, 1915,
(Darel

StonE, Witmer. Cape May and Tennessee Warblers in
Philadelphia. Auk, 1915, p. 106.
Weser, J. A. Numerous Migrant Pine Warblers (Dendroica
vigorst) at Fort Lee, N. J. Auk, 1915, p. 498.
Wiuuson, W. E. Report of the Sussex County Nature-Study
Club. Bird-Lore, 1915, p. 527.

Wricut, A. H. Early Records of the Wild Turkey, III.
Auk, 1915, pp. 71-75. [Notes for Pennsylvania, New
Jersey and Delaware. |

OFFICERS AND MEMBERS

OF THE

Delaware Valley Ornithological Club.

1916.

STEWARDSON BROWN, President.

HENRY W. FOWLER, Vice-President.

J. FLETCHER STREET, Secretary, Beverly, N. J.
SAMUEL C. PALMER, Treasurer, Swarthmore, Pa.

ACTIVE MEMBERS.

WithniANn i. SS Atiy, “Ardmore iPan helene ietaratatehsiane ee eters Founder.
STEWARDSON Brown, 20 H. Penn St., Germantown, Phila......... Son
JOHN D. Carter, Lansdowne, Delaware Co., Pa............-.-.. 1900
T. NOREIS (Dn EVAVEN, eAirdmore,; iPass lnc oletaucts ate)cyeteietelnenec terete 1891
ARTHUR C. EMLEN, Awbury, Germantown, Phila................ 1897
Henry W. Fowuer, Holmesburg, Phila...................----- 1894
WILLIAM EK. HucuHEs, M. D., 3945 Chestnut St., W. Phila......... 1891
ROBERT. AVOORE, ac Gonteld, UN veins e.cisttak\ in mlel= «'s sleiele pia) opel eae 1897
GEORGE SPENCER Morris, Olney, Phila...............-.--.- Founder.
SAMUEL C. PALMER, PH. D., Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pa.. 1899
LEONARD S. PEARSON, 5341 N. 13th St., Logan, Pa. ............. 1908
JULIAN K. Potter, 6th and Baily Sts., Camden, N. J............. 1911
JAMES AG. EEN, GUaaCatbernnerSt., shila. iam. oleh yee en ete 1899
SAMUEL N. Ruoaps, Haddonfield, N. J. .............-...--- Founder.
WEE TANT EH ROBERTS woolla) Mutvinl ome is mls nile le ieee iene ea sleiene eter ater 1901
WiDr ASI SHRYOCK 220 S, 1GbhiSt.,) (hilar js .7-) <ieleyate ereye rere sles 1891
WITMER STONE, Sc. D., Academy Nat. Sciences, Phila......... Founder.
J. PHRMA ER SURE ioe very nN Wellies tale iaistete eilsvelatohtetsleisteuelateietal 1903
GEORGE H. STUART, 3RD, Girard Trust Co., Phila. ................ 1910

SPENCER TROTTER, M. D., Swarthmore College, Delaware Co., Pa. Jounder.

CORNELIUS WEYGANDT, PH. D., Wissahickon Ave. below Frank St.,
Erarihnoyiil, ERS RGM AG Nh SOAS Sok Som ak aes Suns Some 1891

SAMUEL WRIGHT, Conshohocken, Pa. .............--0-0-+eccoee 1892

* Date indicates year of election to Club.

( 66 )

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB 67

ASSOCIATE MEMBERS.

IROBERO ADAMS) Ry, Oks uae Eas ie lrtarsielele ctsvona lovee lslahslovetale! \sle/ei) « 1910
BRR La SUESANUAY oy el Bis EAE ‘aa vay teh chawn saith als ea) 2%) ATala ot») »| els) eles 1911
DAviIO Ge MBATED, Beverlys Nica) eieiinte eieis sels c.2 ais) fue Mtn 'e/ole «ep 's/ae' 1913
See ESAT ole PLDs, a HREOC, GEMM cate kas felatleaya aye, pla malic elelsvaye'» 1910
IDEN) toe ESARMRAM, | WiSi7ne Erbe a (cha cya) ein cies stelojare sl sia) nel »ja) oj/8) #0) = \s'a 1908
GRORGE SHAME Tn dite ee MeLlya iN ie) letaiepays letalsitahctadelatereielaiy steliavelsi‘e) ol eteifsi'e 1911
ARCHIBATD MEE NNERS.) AIM DLODs Mele selajeeveialstel ey s)elalere|eleie/el s\alel'sleels)/s/e 1913
GRORGHME BENNERS,) Ambler Pare iayuecraieisslelaeicletshs eleia/e:«lsjells'aje = 1913
Henry S. BorneMAN, 801 Franklin Bank Bld., Phila............. 1913
R. R. Porter BraprorD, 146 W. Lehigh Ave., Phila.............. 1913
PauL C. BREWER, 261 W. Rittenhouse St., Germantown ......... 1906
Lewis S. Byrom, 127 W. Susquehanna Ave., Phila............... 1909
Epwarp L. Caum, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pa. ........ 1914
FRANCIS R. Cops, Jr., E. Washington Lane, Germantown, Phila. .. 1895
DmmO sme CuivEn. Aid din cham Pal) erin etta Olvera slats c\lsieloletlchoks 1913
CSESHBINGER My DE West) Chester Paso cisiaie wils's 10 c's/oa 4) ate) 9 1909
Wm. 8S. Essicx, Union Trust Co. Bld., Harrisburg, Pa........... 1908
JOSPIEN Sh TGS NERO INO Dc obegd dadgouonpedgscHounuoGeNooS 1913
WEA BS PBVAINIS He WEStLOWAL, aio oclielevee o/c) si etaseiefeysisteroyn tar o\/alni« 1898
GEORGE ForsytH, West Chester (Route 4), Chester Co., Pa....... 1891
IBinAasice | 1B} MI Molsuunis 1alehWeimcael EBC Goan coo dn6cd clo ojo obo UoKoMs 1912
Henry J. Fry, 224 W. Manheim St., Germantown, Phila. ........ 1915
SEPPHON HUGUET. 1027, Spruce St... Pha i skies eine 6 1911
BARTRAM W. GRIFFITHS, 536 S. 48th St., Phila.................. 1902
ARTHUR F. HaGar, 626 Westview Ave., Germantown, Phila....... 1906
SAMUEL 8. Haines, M. D., 124 E. Main St., Moorestown, N. J..... 1901
GrorGE H. HatLert, Haverford College, Haverford, Pa. ......... 1911
DAVID HA eELARROWAR.d) OW ATE NIMOTeN WE ay reales ehs olejciteisla al siel-t=leleie 1905
PEAROTD IME TARO WER OMarb nin One ae sai ahi er miseaialc) el eietreiciels 1914
EMT aD EL OVGARD sao ALAIN OC. ckerdebel stor. leelarataarsaeielelevaliar cite cl/atellelele 1914
EVE TIO is TR WAN.) OWealnb iy Ores| ede) (eb/s)aya aie 2! \n l= aaileic/=) 4 0) «'~ <i) = 1915
CHART SE Ss ACK DID) S eMedia pba ic uwslabar ater olaietaiapel ster e\cilnl'eVe lol suis) 1906
WiLtiamM W. JUSTICE, JR., 7803 St. Martins Lane, Chestnut Hill,
alee Paavo slates Ai Palys ven aot sella Mata Chee MPR tal es) o Sil ayb lal 1893
NatHan Kite, Moylan, Delaware Co., Pa. .............0..000005 1898
JOHN DRYDEN) KUSER | Bernardsville) Neelam -oieice siiyel=/< is ols! oi 1911
SHIPPEN Un Wiss SA Ome ine Ste wont asap eieiatayereletciajels/aia/eis) © wlsiale) 1912
M. Apert Linton, 409 Chestnut St., Phila..................... 1905
JOSEPH B. Lopez, 3340 N. Sixteenth St., Phila. ................ 1900
PaRKE L. LONGNECKER, DDS., 2015 Chestnut St., Phila........... 1910
Davin N. McCappEn, 5039 Osage Ave., W. Phila.................- 1892
WILLIAM McCauL, JR., 4056 Chestnut St., Phila. ................ 1915
RicHarp C. McMurtriz, Fort Washington, Pa. ................ 1904

SaMuUEL MAson, JR., 522 Locust Ave., Germantown, Pa,.......... 191%

68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Guy F. Meyers, 1010 8. Forty-seventh St., W. Phila. ............ 1896

JASNVALESIMERCUR. WViallinotord sea mp ets oils yaicyetle este a iaaina 1914
Isaac P. Miuurr, 409 Chestnut St., Phila. ...................-. 1907
RICHARD IF. MiuuEr, 2073 E. Tioga St., Phila. ................. 1908
WiLLIaAM O. Miner, 5002 Larchwood Ave., Phila...... Rau a 1910
DEB. Ww. MITCHELL, 4326 Pimelst., (Plas. men lent sees Monee 1914
WAYNE B. MorRELL, 5525 Jefferson St., Phila. ................. 1905
WILLIAM Henry NrEwsoup, Art Club, Phila. .................. 1913
Epwakp Norris, St. Martins, Chestnut Hill, Phila. .............. 1914
FREDERICK OLDACK, 2008 N. Marvine St., Phila................. 1911
JESSEN. “PACKER, INO WOOG.)) Exdsc)ale Wee te calehsl anal Mae wena to ene era at 1911
CHARLES W. PALMER, Westtown Boarding School, Chester Co., Pa. 1910
HARRY Ee ARKER Southam pion pian Aliya erin ltt s nos Mui aaa 1915
Max M. PEEt, M. D., University of Pennsylvania, Phila........... 1913
WiLuiam PEPPER, M. D., 1811 Spruce St., Phila.................. 1912
CHARLES PLATT, 3RD, E. Graver’s Lane, Chestnut Hill, Phila..... 1912
ISA IDE oro PUPA INIG Zain Sis Tell So ea knd son banGobsnuGoce 1910
JAMES FE. PRENDERGAST, M. D., 4012 Chestnut St., W. Phila....... 1899
CHARLES J. Ruoans, 406 Chestnut St., Phila. ................... 1890
S. Hart RIDDLE, Box No. 402, Chester, Pa. ...............+-..-- 1910
ANTHONY W. RosBInson, 409 Chestnut St., Phila. ............... 1898
WILLIAM B. ScHEvING, 317 N. 63d St., Phila. .......-..-.5...-. 1893
SAMUEL ScovILLE, JR., Penna. Bldg., 15th & Chestnut Sts., Phila... 1907
Epwarp A. SELLIEz, 1317 N. Nineteenth St., Phila. ............. 1902
WEELEANE J, SERRE. ELAVvertords Peteins asic\aleju te liieiclelalglalerele ole ialiecalonele 189)
HONATD /SHERRERD; | Etad domitelds) INeWdies s s)ate|<\alss=/reielel eal =) elapailele sleet 1913
WALTER G. SIBLEY, 6626 McCallum St., Germantown, Phila. ...... 1900
SMITE MR. S008) CBESLAIG tes MV Wee nMae leis lala wis cietolotonhe 1901
WALTER GORDON SMITH, Eyebrow, Saskatchewan, Canada ........ 1898
WILLIAM H. Srranc, 27714 Chestnut St., Camden, N. J. ........ 1907
JOSEPH CI SUDDERS | Olney. we hia gic ci terse ens ieee voreie) <iieyetale 1910
SaMvuEL A. TATNALL, 409 Chestnut St., Phila. ................... 1910
JOSEPEM Va WAT NEN) Anica ON WINE elie ail sialstaarnlelpabe) eiolelleiolel maraienaions 1892
Francis H. Tomuin, DDS., Haddonfield, N. J................... 1909
WiiamM H. Trotrer, Chestnut Hill, Phila. .................... 1899
Henry Tucker, M. D., 2000 Pine St., Phila. ................... 1906
CHARLES A. VOELKER, Aldan, Delaware Co., Pa. ............ Founder.
PauL VOSBERG, Franklin Bank Bldg., Phila. ................... 1905
XO AGE Nasinciy,, Weisi) IDA Bimal Wiha ERG A Wed oA Ou Wa bone oo obe 1905
ALBERT L. WHITAKER, Cedar Grove, Frankford, Phila. .......... 1896
JAMES L. WHITAKER, Cedar Grove, Frankford, Phila. ........... 1904
WALTER R. WHITE, Lansdowne, Delaware Co., Pa. .............. 1903
Epwarp L. WILDMAN, 4331 Osage Ave., Phila.................05- 1914
FRANOIS WINDER, West. Chester, Pan injec cise ale) cain baal siete) a leiere ale 1910
Epwarp W. Woouiman, 44 N. Thirty-eighth St., W. Phila. ....... 1902

EDWARD), WOOLMAN, wElavyerford, Pal (ee) cieiniiticl<\elelelelele eles) ellolenelels 1915

DELAWARE VALLEY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB 69

HONORARY MEMBER.

WILLIAM Louis AsBorr, M. D., London, England ............... 1912

CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.

CHARLES H. Baker, Verona, Allegheny Co., Pa. .......++.--..4-. 1900
ie. Au Nae, Clearwater, Eas. lon sje aisieia sir aliicieliclevom sei¢iselaleeinl w eile 1911
PHOMAS Jy) BEANS, MGOrestO pat, IN Dis) eile ei's/eeies/suo mi eld wis) sie) aieje/ anlar a(t 1895
HERMAN UBER SONTINS Sh MVCN ies srepataladeiel aie ele claiclalalevareholslle)sie sjele/ale 1897
Ono) Brae, Lopez, Sullivan) Coy, (Pas) ois eis cs ee iain win sieleiale qteblate 1897
SEO WDESEU LIGIIALOSty ING hay vabie lala alacets/aresaal ate psoeis cis aye oie alah es 1913
W. H. Burr, Marietta, Lancaster Co., Pa. ............. cece ee 1895
CHARLES BuvINGER, M. D., Newark, N. J. ......... 0... cece eee 1900
HERBERT L. Coccins, 770 Mission St., San Francisco, Cal......... 1897
WILLIAM J. CRESSON, Box 249, Pittsburg, Pa. .............+..-- 1899
Lizvut. FRANK B. Eastman, U.S. A., Chester Military Academy, Pa. 1898
MAROUSH SG.) LARK. . EIN GOTO, IN. din ia) civela al eblisie eysisteraiecalia) sje) aera tails) aie 1901
ATERED WME NGUDEENS, New iY OPK) CED Yi erciale stein aote vate) siuiete ayelorteleravels 1895
ERARR a ity GRAEA MT Vite Clan ds.) Calis cases aialejeielere la <yeloieliavetesisialay s 1897
TENE HE GROSH sn YOLK.) hODK) COln |Eas! ie miasts sis ataiel pein sis ei sverclelele 1900
H. WALKER Hann, 1002 Washington St., Cape May, N. J. ....... 1900
SVVeeiee Dy EMAININ GTI Way Tis MINAS} eiarel ofeveterctctllavayaiatiateislteifel aleve allele Veyiaioys fe 1901
Ricuarp C. Haritow, State College, Pa...................2006- 1904
Tuomas R. Hiuu, Bee Building, Omaha, Neb. .................. 1908
(Cisne yanmin dio lehonsmy Ob lebadc IIR Eb adigdic Goud kelos econo dono 1902
THoMAS H. JACKSON, West Chester, Pa. ..................-0-- 1895
J. WARREN JACOBS, Waynesburg, Greene Co., Pa. ...........-.. 1895
THomas D. Keim, 405 Radcliffe St., Bristol, Pa. ................ 1902
RAYMOND KESTER, Williamsport, Pa...............2 cece reeves 1892
SARUM Ere ADD CACO Maeve lo aiiaieia lain scram tort eheyels Decal nie the 1895
W. H. LinBELsPerGerR, Pleetwood, N. J.......... 0. ccess ccc wees 1913
Paut L. LORRILLIERE, Baltimore, Md. .................--20002s 1904
Biya Bhs NDA BASE Only eae) id tisbotel aye sun pravone laine alepaue ls) 4 002 olaislfalars 1909
WALDRON Dz) W. Miner, Plainfield, | NiiSe\s).i0 26 eee ee sec 1900
Howarp Y. PENNELL, M. D., Downingtown, Pa. ................ 1894
APH EAI LEIPS WET IN COLO HON ei elatilarsiatey reelele stalelovorerevelo)cVailclinya, eteiayeta 1895
ALFRED C. REDFIELD, Cambridge, Mass..............0sceeeenees 1908
H. Justin Roppy, State Normal School, Millersville, Lance. Co., Pa. 1895
Cuas. H. Rogers, 240 So. Broad St., Elizabeth, N. J........... 1905
Ropert P. SHARPLES, West Chester, Pa. .............00 ee eeees 1906
CAB SIVESTERS (ERI COO Nite aeieterer rele ia) lat tstat «| olaliol/o(c) evan sie elie 1901 .
R. B. Suupson, Warren, Warren Co., Pa. ............200ccceeee 1907
FREDERICK SORENSEN, Chalmersgarten, Gothenburg, Sweden ..... 1900
ReyNoLtp A. SPpaETH, Cambridge, Mass. ..............seeceeeees 1901
FREDERICK W. Stack, Doubleday Page and Co., N. Y. City ....... 1905

Huan E. StaNnn, Coatesville) Waa) tasers oe)c/el els olale (ein em e/a ale ol m= 1895

70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

He pAM SURMACE Harris Dro Entel vetolelere telrlel sialyl efalekayeyeietevens eieliatelleranenorts 1900
W. E. Cuypr Topp, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburg, Pa. ........... 1895
HENRY, ‘WARRINGTON, San) Pranciseo, (Cal voi.) )cc\cyeleisle\eistepsls «fetatsheyele 1896
INSAUIE RMI AY. iSTTCOebOM: WINE Met aticlarstale ts netete bilan teh vale ekatel suelel one ae 1902
WEEE DARE TE IW EEDA Adel, NOKIA ala )o ntoilelelare chalele le fsiialicalarelanetevelta aie 1893
Ja AV IWVESGER, Colnmibia, ME ase tin somo eteleiee sensilla creicven valle le ere rette 1904
Rosert T. YOuNG, State University, N. Dakota................. 1892
DECEASED MEMBERS. Died.
JOHN FAaRNUM Brown, Active member................ May 13, 1894
Water D. BusH, Corresponding member........... August 11, 1904
WILLIAM B. CRISPIN, Corresponding member............ May 9, 1913
JOHN W. DetwiLteR, M. D., Corresponding member September 26, 1898
ERNEST M. Evans, Associate member ................. June 29, 1911
HENRY HALES, Corresponding member............. November 6, 1913
LaRvE K. Houmss, Corresponding member ............ May 10, 1900
JOSIAH HOOPES, Corresponding member............. January 16, 1904
Aucust Kocu, Corresponding member ........... February 15, 1907
GILBERT H. Moore, Associate member ................ May 28, 1899
ELMER ONDERDONE, Associate member............. September 4, 1913
FREDERICK. N. OWEN, Associate member .......... December 27, 1905
WILLIAM PATTERSON, Corresponding member ........ August 27, 1900
CHAS. J. PENNOCK, Active member (disappeared),........ May 15, 1915
M. W. Raus, M. D., Corresponding member............ August 8, 1914
FRANCIS W. RAwLE, Associate member ............... June 12, 1911
Si Luw Serss, Associate member 0.00000). 2. a ee September 5, 1915
EDWIN SHEPPARD, Associate member .................. April 7, 1904
Wituiam W. Smiru, Associate member ................ July 3, 1892
CHARLES 8. WELLES, Associate member ............ February 24, 1914
WILLIAM H. WERNER, Corresponding member.......... May 13, 1912

SAMUEL W. WoopHovusE, M. D., Honorary member... October 23. 1904

INDEX TO SPECIES.

Every mention of a bird, either by common or technical name, except in the
Migration Report, Bird Notes and Club Notes, is indexed under the current

technical name of the species.

Accipiter cooperi, 64
Actitis macularia, 25, 31
Aegialitis meloda, 63
Agelaius p. phceniceus, 61
Aix sponsa, 64

Dichromanassa rufescens, 9

Dolichonyx oryzivorus, 62

Dryobates p. medianus, 27, 31, 63
villosus, 31

Dumetella carolinensis, 20

Antrostomus vy. vociferus, 20

Aphelocoma cyanea, 7 Empidonax t. alnorum, 16, 19, 21, 22,

Astragalinus p. psaltria, 9 23, 59, 62
Astur a. atricapillus, 65 flaviventris, 18, 21, 22, 23,
59

Beolophus bicolor, 25, 31, 32
Bartramia longicauda, 61
Bombycilla cedrorum, 23
Bonasa v. umbellus, 16, 64
Bubo vy. virginianus, 64, 65
Buteo 1. lineatus, 64
platypterus, 64

virescens, 65

Gallinula galeata, 64
Gavia stellata, 63
Geothlypis t. trichas, 20, 33, 34, 35, 37

Halizetus 1. leucocephalus, 64
Helodromas s. solitarius, 25
Helmitheros vermivorus, 57
Herodias egretta, 64
Hylocichla f. fuscescens, 22
g. pallasii, 15, 19
mustelina, 15, 25, 31
v. Swainsoni, 19

Cardinalis c. cardinalis, 25, 31, 32
Carpodacus m. frontalis, 9
p- pupureus, 20

Cathartes burrovianus, 9
Chondestes g. grammacus, 8
Colaptes a. luteus, 31, 36
Columbia f. fasciata, 8
Compsothlypis a. americana, 19, 33, | Icteria v. virens, 15

34, 35, 36, 37 Ictinia mississippiensis, 5
Corvus b. brachyrhynchos, 31 Iridoprocne bicolor, 57

¢. principalis, 64
Junco hyemalis hyemalis, 15, 16

Dendragapus o. obscurus, 9
Dendroica . zstiva, 34

c. cerulescens, 17,33, 34, 60

castanea, 34

coronata, 35, 37

fusca, 20

kirtlandi, 57

magnolia, 15, 19, 34, 60

p- palmarum, 37

p. hypochrysea, 37

pennsylvanica, 16, 34, 63

striata, 18, 33, 34

tigrina, 5, 63, #5

vigorsi, 18, 37, 65

virens, 18, 23, 37, 59

Lanivireo flavifrons, 28
8, solitarius, 15, 16, 17, 37

Megaquiscalus major, 7
Melanerpes erythrocephalus, 31
Meleagris g. silvestris, 65
Melospiza m. melodia, 31, 32
Mniotilta varia, 34

Molothrus a. ater, 64
Myiochanes virens, 23

Nuttallornis borealis, 19, 21, 22, 60
Nyctanassa violacea, 64
Nyticorax n. nevius, 65

(71)

72

Oporornis formosus, 57
Oxyechus vociferus, 31

Passer domesticus, 31, 32, 34
Passerina amcena, 9
cyanea, 34, 64
Petrochelidon 1, lunifrons, 9, 21
Pipilo e. erythrophthalmus, 15, 21, 33,
34

Piranga erythromelas, 34
Pisobia fuscicollis, 57
maculata, 57, 63
Planesticus m. migratorius, 17, 31, 32
Polioptila c. czerulea, 24, 25, 26, 64
Protonotaria citrea, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28,
65

Quiscalus q. zeneus, 22

Regulus c. calendula, 37
satrapa, 17

Salpinctes 0. obsoletus, 8
Sayornis sayus, 9
Seiurus aurocapillus, 20, 34, 37
n. noveboracensis, 26, 33, 34,
37
Setophaga ruticilla 25, 33, 34

INDEX TO SPECIES.

Sialia s. sialis, 31

Sphyrapicus v. varius, 22

Spizella p. passerina, 31, 37
Stelgidopteryx serripennis, 31, 32, 57
Sterna antillarum, 65

Strix v. varia, 25, 65

Sturnus vulgaris, 30, 31, 63

Telmatodytes p. palustris, 33, 34
Thryothorus 1. ludovicianus, 25
Toxostoma rurum, 31
Troglodytes ae. aedon, 31
Tyrannus verticalis, 9

Vermivora c. celata, 8
leucobronchialis, 56
peregrina, 65
r. rubricapilla, 18, 21, 22,
60
Vireosylva olivacea, 15, 17, 33, 34, 65
Vireo g. griseus, 25

Wilsonia canadensis, 17, 21, 23, 34, 59
Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus, 8

Zonotrichia albicollis, 15, 19, 21

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