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Frontispiece.
GOLD MEDALLION OF JUSTINIAN I.
FORMERLY IN THE FRENCH COLLECTION.
CATALOGUE
OF THE
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE
COINS
IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM
BY
WARWICK WROTH
ASSI8TANT-KBEPER OF THE COINS AND KEDALS
IN TWO VOLUMES WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND 79 PLATES
VOLUME I
LONDON
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES
SOLD AT THE BRITISH MUSEUM, AND BY
LONGMANS & CO., 89 Paternoster Row ; BERNARD QUARITCH, 11 Grafton
Street, Bond Street, W. ; ASHER & CO., 13 Bedford Street, Covent
Garden; HENRY FROWDE, Oxford University Press Warehouse,
Amen Corner, E.C. ; and ROLLIN & FEUARDENT, 6 Bloohsbury
Street, W.C, and 4 Rue de Louvois, Paris
1908 [All righti retervwi}
THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
475494
TILDES FUUNUATlOhl. 19U9
OXFORD: HORACE HART PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY
PREFACE BY THE KEEPER OF COINS
The present Catalogue describes in two volumes (paged continuously) the coinage of the later Boman or Byzantine Empire from the accession of Anastasius I in a.d. 491 to the Fall of Constantinople in 1463. With the exception of some of the specimens arranged under the headings of ^ Italian ' and 'Proviocial' coinages, the coins here catalogued are those that are believed to have been issued by Imperial authority at Constantinople and the other mint-places of the Empire. The eoinages of the so-called 'Empires' of Nicaea, Thessalonica and Trebizond, as well as those of the Vandals, Goths, and Lombards, which have often been confused with the true Imperial coinages, are reserved for treatment in a subsequent volume.
The size of the coins is given in inches and tenths, and the weight in English Troy grains. Tables for converting grains into grammes and inches into millimetres, as well as into the measures of Mionnet's scale, are placed at the end of the second volume. Two lists of Emperors, one a brief alphabetical list, the other chronological and more detailed, will be found at the end of the Indexes.
The whole work has been written by Mr. Warwick Wroth, Assistant-Keeper of Coins and Medals, and the proof-sheets have been read by myself and by Mr. G. F. Hill, Senior Assistant in the Department.
H. A. GRUEBER.
BmnsH Museum, February, 1908.
CONTENTS
VOL. I
PACK
PiBFAGE ill
LuT OF Plates viii
Additions Ain> Gobbections x
IimoDucnoN : —
§ 1. Extent and arrangement of Byzantine Coinage . . . xi
§ 2, Historical and numismatic summary xiii
§ 8. Denominations and weights Ixziv
§ L Tyt>e8y art and portraiture Ixxxiv
§ 5. Imperial mints xcix
§ 6. Inscriptions and dates civ
Caxalooue op Coins: —
Anastasius I 1
Justin I 11
Justin I and Justinian I 28
Justinian I 26
Justin n 75
Tiberius IE, Constantino 105
Maurice Tiberius 127
Phocas 162
Heradius and family 184
Gonstans II (Constantinus III) 255
VOL. n
Constantine IV, Pogonatus 818
Justinian n (first reign) 880
Leontius 846
Tiberius III, Apeimarus 846
Justinian 11 (second reign) 854
Philippicus (Bardanes) 858
Anastasius II (Artemius) 860
Theodosius III 868
Leo in, the ' Isaurian ' (Syrian) 865
Constantino V, Copronymus 878
Artavasdes and Nicephorus 891
vi CONTENTS
Catalogue op Coins {continued) : — page
Leo lY, the Kbazar gdS
Constantine VI 397
Irene 400
Nicephorus I and Stauracius 401
Michael I, Bhangabe 405
Leo y, the Armenian 409
Michael II, the Amorian 414
Theophilus 418
Michael III, the Drunkard 429
Basil I, the Macedonian 435
Leo VI, the Wise 444
Alexander 450
Constantine VII, Porphyrogenitus 451
Bomanus I 451
Bomanus II 465, 468
Theophano, widow of Bomanus II 470
Nicephorus II, Phocas 471
John I, Zimisces 474
Basil II, Bulgaroktonos 484
Constantine VIII 484 and 491
Bomanus III, Argyrus 494
Michael IV, the Paphlagonian 496
Michael V, Kalaphates 498
Zoe and Theodora 499
Constantine IX, Monomachus 499
Theodora (daughter of Constantine VIII) 505
Michael VI, Stratioticus 509
Isaac I, Comnenus 511
Constantine X, Duoas (and Eudocia) 514
Eudocia, Michael VII, and Constantine 521
Bomanus IV, Diogenes 523
Michael VII, Ducas 529
Nicephorus III, Botaniates 535
Nicephorus Melissenus (pretender) 539
Alexius I, Comnenus 540
cJohn II, Comnenus 555
Manuel I, Comnenus 566
Alexius II, Comnenus 582
Andronicus I, Comnenus 582
Isaac II, Angelus (first reign) 588
Isaac Ducas Comnenus, of Cyprus 597
Alexius III, Angelus, called Comnenus 599
Isaac II (second reign) and Alexius IV 607
Alexius V, Ducas Murzuphlus 607
Latin Emperors of Constantinople • • 607
CONTENTS vii
Catalogus of Ck)iNs {canUnued^ : — page
Michael VUI, Palaeologus 608
Miehael Vm and Audionicus n 618
Andronicus 11, Palaeologus (alone) 614 and 625
Andronicns II and Michael IX 618
Andronicus II and Andronicus III 626
Andronicus III, Palaeologus 629
John y, Palaeologus 631
John VI, Caniacuzenus 688
Andronicus IV 684
Manuel II, Palaeologus 685
Manuel II, Helena (Irene) and John VII 689
John VIII, Pahieologus 640
Constantino XI 648
Ikdxxes: —
L Emperors, dynasts, &c 647
IL Mints 650
m. General Index (including Types) 651
IV. Bemarkable Inscriptions 664
Afpbsdices : —
I. Alphabetical list of Emperors, &c., with dates .... 678
IL Chronological list of Emperors 681
Table for converting English Inches into Millimetres and the measures
of Mionnet's scale 685
Table of the Eelative Weights of English Grains and French Grammes 686
LIST OF PLATES
VOL. I
IVonHspiece. Qold medallion of Justinian I. I. Anastasius I. 11. Anastasius I — Justin I. III. Justin I.
lY. Justin I — Justin I and Justinian I — Justinian I. V-X. Justinian I. XI-XII. Justin 11.
XIII. Justin II— Tiberius II. XIV-XVI. Tiberius 11. XVII-XIX. Maurice Tiberius.
XX. Maurice Tiberius — ^Theodosius — ^Phocas. XXI-XXII. Phocas. XXin-XXIX. Heraclius.
XXX. Heraclius — Gonstans II. XXXI-XXXV. Constans IL
VOL. II
Frontispiece. Medal of John VIII by Vittore Pisano. XXXVI-XXXVn. CJonstantine IV.
XXXVni. Constantine IV — Justinian II (first reign). XXXIX. Justinian II (first reign).
XL. Justinian II (first reign) — ^Tiberius III. XLI. Justinian II (second reign) — Philippicus — Anastasius II. XLIL Theodosius III— Leo III. XLIIL Leo III— Constantine V. XLIV. Constantine V. XLV. Constantine V — ^Artayasdes — Leo IV. XLVI. Leo IV — ^Constantino VI and Irene — Irene — Nicephorus I
and Stauracius. XLVIL Nicephorus I and Stauracius — Michael I and Theophy-
lactus — Leo V and Constantine. XLVIIL Michael II and Theophilus— Theophilus. XLIX. Theophilus— Michael IIL L. Michael III— Basil I. LL Basil I— Leo VI.
LIST OF PLATES ix
LII. Alexander — Constantine VII and Zoe — Gonstantine YII and Somanus I. Lin. Constantine YII, Romanus I and GhriBtopher — Period of Constantine YII, Romanus I, Stephen and Constantine — Constantine YII alone — Constantine YII and Bomanus II. LIY. Constantine Vll and Bomanus II — ^Nicephorus 11, Phocas — John I, Zimisoe& liY. John I, Zimisces. LYL BaeU II and Constantine YUI. LVIL BasQ II and Constantine YIII— Constantine YIII (alone)—
Bomanus IIL LYin. Michael lY— Michael Y— Constantine IX. LIX. Constantino IX.
TjX. Theodora — ^Michael YI — Isaac L LXL Constantine X — Eudocia, Michael YII and Constantine — Bomanus lY. LXn. Bomanus lY— Michael YIL
LXIIL Michael Vll — Nicephorus III — Nicephorus Melissenus. LXIY-LX v. Alexius L
LXYT. Alexius I— John II. LXVIL John H. LXYIII. John II— Manuel I. LXIX-LXX. Manuel L
LXXL Manuel I — Andronicus I — Isaac II. LXXn. Isaac II— Alexius IJL LXXIIL Alexius IIL LXXIV. Michael VIII— Andronicus IL LXXY. Andronicus II. LXXYI. Andix>nicus II — Andronicus III — John V — ^Andronicus IV
— Manuel IL LXXYIL Manuel II— John VUL
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS
Page 10 As to the tremissis of Vitalian see further, p. xiii n.
15 Add No. 84^ M 96. Wt. 1462 grains. On r., T ; above, star ; below, star. [Purchased, 1904].
25 To the mints of Justinian add Cherson, and see p. xviii.
50 Add No. 243\ M 5. Wt. 820*2 grains. Same as No. 244, but on rev. A instead of B. [Presented by Mr. B. A. Inglis, 1907].
74, last line but one, for is closely modelled on read much resembles.
440, 1. 11, and on p. 494, 1. 6, for B read b.
Pages 507, 528, 536, for IC read IC.
Plate LXIV. No. 8 obv, (Bust of Emperor) is the ohv. of No. 10 rev. (Christ seated). — No. 10 ohv, (Bust of Emperor) is the obv. of No, 8 rev. (Bust of Christ).
INTRODUCTION
§ 1. Extent and Arbanqement of Byzantine Coinage.
Sabatieb, in his well-known work entitled Deacription ginirdU des numnaies byzantines, published in 1862, has dealt with the coinage of the later Roman Empire from the reign of Arcadius onwards. But in choosing this reign as his starting-point he was influenced— as he admits (ch. i, p. 151) — by motives of convenience and the desire to make his book a supplement to Henri Cohen's Corpus of Imperial coins. Cohen's descriptions extend to the reign of Romulus Augustulus, but do not embrace the coinages of Arcadius and his successors in the Eastern division of the
Although collectors and compilers of catalogues have usually followed Sabatier in regarding the reign of Arcadius as the point de dipart of the later Roman or 'Byzantine' coinage, there is really no historical justification for such a view. It may^ no doubt, be convenient for a historian of the later Roman Empire to adopt the year 395 (Arcadius and Honorius) as a starting-point,^ but (as Prof. Bury remarks') just as there is no question of two Roman Empires in the days of Constantius and Constans, BO ' the relation of Arcadius and Honorius, the relation of Theodosius II and Yalentinian III, the relation of Leo I and Anthemius, were exactly the same as the political relation which existed between the sons of Constantino. However independent one of another, or even hostile, the rulers from time to time may have been, theoretically the unity of the Empire which they niled was unaffected '.
If this is true of the general political relations of East and West, it is no less true of their financial relations — at any rate so far as coinage is concerned. The coins of both great divisions of the Empire from the reigns of Arcadius and Honorius till the reign of Romulus Augustulus are homogeneous in style, type and fabric, and cannot be profitably studied except as a whole.
The position is simplified when the Emperors of the West (and their mints) disappear from the scene with the resignation of Romulus Augustulus, A. B. 476. This event is coincident with the early part of
^ Cp. Bury, Hist, later Swn. Emp., i, p. ix. ' Op. cii, i, p. vii.
xii INTRODUCTION
the reign of Zeno (a. d. 474-491), but it seems better to begin a description of the later Roman coinage, not with Zeno but — a few years later — with Anastasius I (a.d. 491-518), who, though he adhered, in the case of his gold money, to the models of his predecessors, instituted an important reform in the bronze coinage and inaugurated the large fclles (PL I. 8, 9) which long remained characteristic of Byzantine coinage.
It may be added that several distinguished numismatists — such as de Saulcy (in his valuable pioneer Esmi de Classification des auitea monStaires byzantiv^s^ 1886) ; T. B. Burgon (CcUal. of Pembroke Collection, 1848, p. 810); Barth^emy {Bev. num., 1863, p. 456); Babelon {Traiti, i, p. 14), and, apparently, de Salis — have already expressed the opinion that a descriptive catalogue may best begin with the coinage of Anastasius I.^
In the arrangement of the coins the important factors are the mint- place, the denomination and the date of bsue. An arrangement according to 'metals' such as Sabatier adopted can have no scientific justification, and it can hardly be questioned that, both on historical and numismatic grounds, the primary classification, in each Emperor's reign, must be according to mints. Under each mint the coins would probably be arranged most scientifically if they were placed in strict chronological order. Thus, all the coins of year 1 of each Emperor's reign— of whatever denomination — would be placed together ; all those of year 2, of year 3, and so on. But an arrangement of this kind presents some practical difficulties in the case of the catalogue of a large collection; one objection being that the description of each denomination would have to be again and again repeated under each year. It seems best, then,^ under each mint, to group the coins according to denominations, the specimens of each denomination being, of course, arranged chronologically, wherever possible. In this way an important feature — the denomination — is brought into relief, while the chronological sequence is not greatly, if somewhat, obscured.^ In each reign, therefore^ the gi*eat bulk of the coinage will be placed first, under * Constantinople ' ; then will follow the coins of Thessalonica ; those of the Asiatic mints (Nicomedia and Cyzicus), and then the coinages minted at Antioch, Alexandria and Carthage, in Sicily, and at Rome and Bavenna. Under the mint-heading * Constantinople * (e.g.) we shaU have (i) the gold solidi (or nomismata), semisses and tremisses^ described in their approximate chronological order ; (ii) the silver coins ; (iii) the bronze coins, which, till the seventh * century usually bear their own dates, and can be arranged mechanically year by year.
^ Gp. also Madden in Num, Chtvn,, 1878, p. 169:— 'the trae Byzantine type of coinage commences under Anaataaius/ Cp. Finlay, Hist. Gr., ii, p. 8.
* As proposed in a paper on the ' Study of Byzantine Numismatics * contributed by the present writer to Corolla Numiamatica (Oxford, 1906), pp. 325-335.
' In a Corpus of Byzantine coinage, the arrangement might also be affected by the necessity of noting the different series of (Thermae-marks and even the differences of dies.
* Or even the eighth century.
§ 2. ANASTASIUS I— VITALIAN xiii
§ 2. HiSTOBICAL AND NuMlSMATIC SuMMARY.
The first ruler whose coins are described in these volumes is Flavius Anutasius, who was proclaimed Emperor in April, 491, in sucoession to
Zeno. Anastasius was an Imperial iniardsman (sileiir'
*' ' \ J J u- J.- X A • J i.u ANASTASIUS I,
tianus) and owed his promotion to Ariadne, the '
widow of his predecessor, whom he married shortly _ '
after his accession. There are coins of Ariadne with '
her portrait, but these were all issued during the lifetime of her first
husband.
The reign of Anastasius was, on the whole, a prosperous one^ though troubled by an Isaurian war, by Bulgarian invasions of Thrace and, ^pedally, by a war with Persia lasting from the summer of 502 till 506, when the Persians restored their conquests in return for a large indemnity. In the religious disputes of his time the Emperor ranged himself on the side of the Monophy sites. A rising in 514 in defence jr^yoit of Vitalian of the Orthodox party was headed by the general ^ ^ 514-616 Vitalian. In the following year Vitalian advanced to Constantinople, defeated the Imperial troops, and compelled the Emperor to come to terms. The coins that have been usually attributed to Vitalian are undoubtedly barbarous pieces of the time of Justin I or later.^
Anastasius is described by Procopius (HibL arcy xix. 2) as 7rpoyor}TiK<»' totSs T€ ifia xal oiKovo/iiKciTaTO^ irdvT<ov avTOKpaT6p<ov. He built for the protection of the Capital the Long Wall stretching from the Sea of Marmora (at Selymbria) to the Black Sea, and rendered service of a rarer kind by giving his personal attention to the details of finance^ by abolishing the Chrysargyron, the oppressive tax on receipts that weighed on the humblest of his subjects, and by practising economy in the Court and public expenditure. He was thus able, in spite of the large disbursements of his reign, to leave his successor a treasure of 820,000 pounds of gold.
The great currency-reform of his time was the introduction, in a.d. 498, of the large bronze ^ foUis of 40 Tiummiaj with its smaller denominations of 20, 10 and 5 nummia (PI. I. 7, 10, 11 ; PL 11. 1). The new coinage was welcome to the people as taking the place of bronze coins that were usually of very small module, and which had evidently become scarce. It also commended itself by the conspicuous way in which each denomina- tion proclaimed its value on the reverse — M = 40 ; K = 20, &c.^ These
^ See infra, p. 10. The tremissis belonging to Mr. J. W. Barron there referred to, IB thought (as its owner kindly informs me), by some numismatists who have seen it, to have been altered in the obverse legend, and cannot therefore be claimed as a coin of Vitalian.
* In some cases brass rather than bronze : cp. § 3, infra.
' The passage in the Ckranicon of Count Marcellinus, under a.d. 498, has been discQssed by Mommsen in Pinder and Friodlaender, BeihUge zur aUeren MUnzkxtnde
xiv INTRODUCTION
coins were siruck at the three mints which were in operation under Anastasius — Constantinople, Nicomedia and Antioch. The Imperial gold and silver money, from this reign onwards, is struck chiefly at Constan- tinople, or at Carthage and in Italy.
Anastasius was succeeded by Justin I, an illiterate man of peasant- birth, but a good soldier and at that time commander of the Imperial Quards. His reign has been described as a mere prelude * to the reign of his fiBuoQOus nephew Justinian. In 521 ' Justinian assumed the Consulship, and by his display of
magnificent Games won the favour of the populace. On 1 April, 527, Justinian was created Augustus, and reigned jointly with his uncle till 1 Aug., when Justin died. The coins of the joint rule are now rare, especially the bronze pieces, but the gold
, ^. . , coins wei'e probably struck in considerable numbers,
Justinian I, , i 1. 1 i • i_
. . . as there are two varieties of the solidus, each with
1 Ai>ril-1 Aue 627 ^^ ^^'^^ ®®* ^^ officinae-numerals. The Constantinople mint must have been active during the short period- four months — when these solidi were issued.
The gold coins of Justin I are of rude work, and it is difficult to separate them from the numerous * barbai'ian ' pieces that bear the name and head of IVSTINVS (see infra, p. 21). A silver coin with the name of ' Justin * (rev., FELIX CARTA), assigned by Sabatier to Justin I, is probably a Yandalio piece (infra, p. 13, n. 2, and p. 21).^
(Berlin, 1851), p. 123 f. ; cp. p. 135 f. and in his Hist. monn. ivm. fed. Blacas), iii, p. 100 ; cp. p. 108; see also 0. Seeck in Zeitf. Num., xvii, p. 164; Finlay, Hist. Gf\, i, p. 445; Babelon, TmitS, i, p. 770. The text in Roncallius, Vet Lot. Script, Chtvn. (1787), p. 305= Mon. Germ. H, xi, p. 95 is : — * Nummis quos Roniani Terentianos vocant, Graeci follares, Anastanius prinecps sue nomine figuratis placihilem plebi commutationem distraxit.* The text apparently contains several corruptions. Scaliger and later critics read placabilem for placibilem: for follares is read phollaf^es (Babelon) or phoUerales (Scaliger); for Terentianos or terentianos some read teruncios or teruncianos; for commutationem Nipperdey proposed computatiotiem direxit. Mommsen, who was inclined to read com- mutationem instruxit, supposed the passage to mean that Anastasius marked each coin
with its respective name {suo nomine flgumtis), i.e. with its mark of value, M. K> &c., and thereby introduced a change that was welcome to the common people. Pinder and Friedlaender (Beitrage, p. 135 f.) declare that suo nomine figuratis must mean that Anastasius issued coins stamped with his own name. The words may certainly (and perhaps more easily) bear this latter meaning (subsequently adopted by Mommsen, Hist. monn. rom., iii, p. 101), but the passage thus translated seems to lose its force, because the novelty or reform introduced by Anastasius was surely not the stamping of coins with the Imperial name or monogmm — a thing done by his i)redece&sor8— but the stamping them with their marks of value in a conspicuous manner. Another reading that has been proposed by Mommsen {ap. Pinder and Friedlaender, p. 135) is implacabilem plebi commutationem distixujcit, i.e. ' die bisherige dem Volke unbequenie Art des Mdnzveikehrs beseitigte der Kaiser.'
* The alleged repi-esentation of EUPHEMIA, the wife of Justin I, on the reverse of a small bronze coin of her husband (Sab., i, p. 167, No. 59 ; cp. Mem. Soc. arch. St. Pet.,
§ 2. JUSTINIAN I XV
The dose of the year 527 ushers us into the spacious times of Justinian, of Belisarius and Tribonian. The character of Justinian was one strangely eompounded of elements of strength and weakness, and even his ability has been depreciated as of '
a mediocre type. Yet he was certainly the cause of greatness in others, and was himself inspired with an exalted, or at least grandiose, sense of the dignity of Empire. His great ideals were those of Imperial and Christian unity ^ — ideals to be attained by the re-conquest of the ancient Empire of Bome and by the organization and surveillance of State and Church in every detail
Tet Jastinian, the law-giver and diplomatist, the theologian, the master-builder of church and fortress, the patron of the Arts, hardly here concerns us, and it is remarkable that his coinage so imperfectly reflects the general artistic achievements of his reign. He did nothing to improve its mechanical execution or to vivify its reverse designs, though he certainly made an effort in the direction of portraiture so far as his own head is conoemed.' But the head of Theodora is absent from his coins, though the repi-esentation of an Empress had for centuries been familiar on Roman coins, and though his immediate successor (Justin II) associated his wife with himself on most of his obverses. It is the more remarkable because Theodora bad immense political influence and shared to the full her husband s Imperial honours. Her name in inscriptions accompanies that of Justinian ; mosaic portraits and statues of her were everywhere displayed.*
But Justinian the organizer of victory has left ineffaceable traces on the coinage, and in place of the five mint-centres of Justin I we have the eleven or twelve mints of Justinian. The conquest of northern Africa, of Sicily and Italy, made Carthage, Catina,^ Rome and Ravenna Imperial mints which will interest us till they are lopped off one by one, through the loss, in the seventh century, of Africa ; of Sicily in the ninth century ; of Italy in the eighth and the eleventh centuries.^ We are conceited, moreover, with Justinian on account of the great attention that he paid to
IF, p. 293) is in the highest degree doubtful. I suspect the coin to be a badly preserved example of the piece with rev.y Tyche of Antioch, like PI. lY. 4, infm ; cp. de Saulcy, Enai^ p. 11.
> Cp. Diehl, Justinien, pp. 21, 22.
' Jostinian^s portrait is discussed, infm, § 4, Period I.
' Diebl, Jutlinien, pp. 52, 53, and his Figures hyzantines (1906), ' Theodora,' p. 67.
* This was probably the mint of Sicily as was certainly the case under later Emperora.
^ Cp. Bryce, Holy Roman Empire , chap, zvii, p. 318 f., ed. 1904. Justinian has been Bometimes reproached for making these re-conquests instead of confining himself to the viaer policy of strengthening his Eastern provinces. But, as Prof Diehl has remarked (Jutiinienj p. 662), he could not foresee the future. Justinian was not a mere Byzantine rder bat, in his own belief, the heir of the Caesars, bound to recover, if he could, his glorious heritage.
XVI
INTRODUCTION
economics, at least as understood by him.^ His reign^ in spite of grinding
taxation, of devastating plague (a. d. 542), of extravagant expenditure and
maladministration of the public finances, witnessed a great development
of commerce. His coinage is remarkably abundant and was evidently
regularized with care. This was especially the case with the bronze money
which, from his twelfth year (i.e. A.D. 538/9) onwards, is made to indicate
by regnal years the date of issue, so that at the mints of Constantinople,
Nicomedia and elsewhere we can foUow the currency year by year.
Constantinople. The principal mint, as at all periods, was at the
capital. Under Justinian, though not in most later
™^ ® reigns, the issue of gold was confined to this centre,
nor was silver elsewhere coined, except at Carthaire.
^ The important city of Thessaloniga, and the Asiatic
cities, Nicomedia and Cyzicus, contmued to issue
bronze on the model of Constantinople.^
Antioch. The usual legend on the coins is ' Theoupolis ',^ a name
assumed by the city after the disastrous eaithquake of 29 Nov. 528.
AlTTlOCH ^® name * Antioch ' is not found on the coins after this
period though of course it was never really superseded
by the new name. After the destruction of the city by Chosroes in
June 540, it was rebuilt and beautified by Justinian.^ We shall note in
later reigns that in this gi*eat city of Greeks, Syrians and Jews, Latin seems
to have been imperfecUy understood by the Antiochene die-engravers^
and even under Justinian the Latin legends are sometimes most barbarously
reproduced.
Alexandria. This mint, after having been long dormant, once more
^v^^^-n-^^^^ comes into operation.^ It was never important, its
ALEXANDRIA. .,. „ ., v jxjj
coins being usually small bronze pieces, undated, and,
as time advances, of barbarous style. The highest denomination is
IB (12 nummia).
Carthage. The conquest of Africa necessitated a new coinage, and the
establishment of a mint at Carthage, the capital. Carthage had fallen
CARTWAas ^^^ ^^ hands of Belisarius shortly after his victory at
Decimum, 13 Sept. 533. The native chieftains hastened
to make their submission, and Belisarius disbursed large sums as presents.
It is possible that the issue of a silver coinage may have taken place at
once (the coins with CONOS = CONOB, p. 63, m/m), but the minting
of the bronze (marked KAKT), and, it may be, of the silver, was
probably not canied out till about Sept. 534, when the organization of the
^ Diehl, Justinien^ p. 534.
' Theasalonica, however, has denominations peculiar to itself, infra, p. 43. ' See the Catalogue, infra, p. 53. * Procop., De aedif, ii, 10 ; v, 5.
^ The coins assigned by Sabatier to Justin I, seem to be better attributed to Justin II ; see infra, p. 62, note 2.
§ 2. JUSTINIAN I— MINTS xvu
new province was proceeding. Africa was placed under a Praetorian Prefect who had his official residence at Carthage. This city was also the residence of the Afiican commander-in-chief {magister TaUitum)}
It was perhaps in this year (a.d. 534), the date when Belisarias celebrated at Constantinople his triumph for the overthrow of the Vandals and king Gelimir, that the enormous gold medallion, formerly in the French Collection (see frontispiece, vol. I and p. 25, infra)^ was produced, no doubt, at the mint of Constantinople.
Sicily. The conquest of this island by Belisarius followed hard upon hb African success. By the end of 585, Sicily became arrTj v an Imperial province under the governorship of a praetor {rrpaTijyS^y Its scanty bronze coinage does not seem to be earlier than A.D. 538.2
There are numerous gold, silver and bronze coins beaiing the name of Justinian which can be identified by style, &c., as the products of an Italian mint. (In some cases KOMA is named on the TTAIalAir coins). The difficulty is to determine whether these miKTS
coins, or any of them, were struck by the Imperial ^ Bomb. mint-masters.
Speaking broadly, and without dwelling on details partly discussed infra, pp. 73, 74, it may be said that several considerations lead one to suppose that the whole of these coinages, with the exception of a few bronze and possibly a few gold pieces, are not Imperial but Ostrogothic. A oomparison of the heads of Justinian on these coins (silver and bronze) with the heads of the same Emperor on undoubted Ostrogothic coins (Le. those with the King's name or monogram), suggests that the entire series was issued under the same (Ostrogothic) authority.
From the accession of Justinian in 527 till the taking of Home by Selisarius in 536 the Imperialists had no foothold in Italy, and it was not till 552, on the defeat of Baduila (Totila) and the Ostrogoths by Karses, that Italy really became Imperial.^ There was thus ample time and opportunity for the Ostrogothic mints to continue their operations.
If, moreover, we consider the output of the mint of Rome in the reign of Justin II and other immediate successors of Justinian, we find that its issues are exceediugly scanty and chiefly confined to bronze piecoM of the ^denominations XX and X.** No doubt a great mass of Ostrogothic coins bearing the name of Justinian long remained in circulation, and even continued to be imitated over a long series of years, but it is certain
^ See Diehl, UAfrique hyzaniine, especially pp. 40 f., 97, 116, &c. ^ The coins are undated, but have the full-face obverse which was first introduced on Jugtinian*8 coinage in a.d. 5B8/9.
* The struggle did not even quite end till 555. Qregorovius, Hist. Rome^ i, p. 483, Eng. trans.
* There are some solidi and a tremissis that may possibly be Imperial issues of Justinian, but this is very doubtful ; see infray pp. 73, 74.
I c
xviii INTRODUCTION
that the Imperial Boman mint ^as not important under the immediate successors of Justinian, and it is probable that in his reign it had not assumed a position of any significance.
The only coin assigned in this work to the Roman mint is the bronze
piece (p. 70), marked XX, which is dated year 26, i.e. a.d. 552/3, the year of the practical conquest of Italy.^
Ravenna. This city passed from the Ostrogoths to Belisarius in
.. 539/40, but money does not seem to have been coined
there till about fifteen years after this event. The
establishment of the Exarchate of Ravenna apparently dates only from the
reign of Maurice Tiberius (a.d. 584).
Chei*son and uncertain mints. Justinian had various friendly relations with the interesting city of Cherson,^ which was an outpost of commerce, an oasis of Hellenic civilization, in a desert overrun by barbai'ian Huns. Some small bronze coins, no doubt of 5 nummia, have been attributed to it. They bear the head of Justinian, and on the reverse a mono- gram which may be read as the name of Cherson.^ This coinage was scanty and unimportant, though it is possible that it may have been supplemented by the somewhat similar bronze pieces described, infra, pp. 72-78, under * Uncertain Mints *.
Corsica and Sardinia, which fell to the Empire along with Africa, seem to have had no independent mints. So long as Carthage remained Imperial these islands doubtless used the coins that emanated from that centre.
Nor do the successes of Justinian in south-eastern Spain (from a.d. 554)- seem to have led to the establishment of Imperial mints, for the gold coins with the name of Justinian which are discovered in Spain appear to be chiefly the currency of the Visigoths.*
Justinian died on 14 Nov. 565, and his successor was his nephew,
Justin IL He was manied to Sophia, niece of Justinian's wife, Theodora.
TT ^® conspicuous events of the rfeign of Justin II * and
' of his successors Tiberius II and Maurice Tiberius are
fi o t 1578 concerned with the exhausting struggle with the Persians ;
with the devastation of the Balkan Peninsula by Slavs
and Avars; and the conquests (from a.d. 568) of the Lombards in Italy.
^ Even to this coin Ravenna may have a claim ; see infra, p. 70, note 1. In 554 the Emperor confided to the revived Senate of Rome the supervision of weights and measures. The governor of Rome at this time was the pfnefectus urbis nominated by the Praetorian Prefect. Cp. Diehl, iitudes sur Vadminiatfation hyz, dafis Vexarchat de Bavenne, p. 125 f. " Cp. Procop., De aedif., iii, 7. See Byz. Zeitschnfty iv, 397.
'^ A. V. Oreshnikov, ' Ghersono-Byzantine coins' in vol. iii of the Transact I'otis of the Moscow Numismatic Society, 1905, p. 362 ; PL VIII. 1-3. See also Sab., PI. XVII. 17 and infixi, p. 43, note.
* Cp. F. GOrres, 'Die byzantinischen Besitzungen an den Etlsten des Spanisch- Westgotischen Reiches (554-624) ' in B. Z., 1907, p. 515 f. ■ Bury, Hist., ii, p. 67 f.
§ 2. JUSTIN II- SOPHIA xix
The general difiintegration of the Empire reaches a climax in the reign of Phocas'^ (a.d. 602-610), but in the course of the seventh century the Empire is rescued from destruction and revived by the energy of Heraclius*
Durii^ the last four years of his life Justin II was insane, but in a keid interval in Dec. 574 he created Tiberius II Caesar, and, till the dealh of Justin 11 in 578, Tiberius ruled (as a subordinate co-regent) with tiie Empress Sophia.
Sophia, unlike her aunt Theodora, assumes a prominent place on the Imperial coinage from the very first year of Justin's reign ; the usual type of the bronze coins being a group of the Emperor and Empress enthroned (PL XL 8-11). She does not ^ . .
appear on the gold and silver. On the coins of Carthage, not only the effigy but the name of the Empress is added to that of her husband, in the inscription DN IVSTINO ET SOFIE VITA (p. 99, infra). Perhaps these figures reproduce actual statues such as those which are known to have stood in public places at Constantinople — statues of Justin II and Sophia, of his daughter Arabia and of Helena his niece.^
During this reign all the mints of Justinian continue in operation, and gold coins seem also to have been stinick at Ravenna. At the Capital, a new reverse type is introduced on the solidxca, a seated figure of Constantinople (Nia 'Pcofirj : PI. XL 1). John of Ephesus * says that on his ' darics ' (i. e. solidi) Justin * introduced a female figure which was generaUy compared to Venus ', but that his successor Tiberius II discon- tinued this design and, in accordance with the dictation of a vision, caused the Cross to be represented on the reverse of his coins. It seems strange that the armed and draped figure of Constantinople should have been mistaken, even by the most ignorant, for the Goddess of Love, yet John's statement is at any rate correct as to the reverse-type substituted by Tiberius.*
The coins of Antioch are remarkable for the entirely barbarous legends of the obverses, which must have been prepared by engravers who were unacquainted with Latin.
At Carthage, the variety of types is noteworthy. We know that in Jnstin's reign some special care was bestowed on the administration of Africa and the regulation of its finances. Carthage erected statues in honour of this Emperor.^ The silver coins (PI. XIII. 8) bear
* Bury, op. cit, ii, p. 68. ' Unger's Quellen der Byz. Kunsigesch., pp.251, 263. ^ iii, 14, trans. R. Payne Smith.
* On the cbv. of his solidi Justin II holds the globus surmounted by a Victory offering a wreath : on the solidi of Justinian I the Emperor holds the globus cruoiger. "Hie Victory introduced by Justin may be compared with the wreath-bearing Victory that surmounted the Imperial throne of Justin JI ; cp. Corippus, In laud. hi$t,, iii, 201 f. ; Bayet, UArt hyz., p. 94.
* Diehl, UAfrique hyzantine, p. 458 f.
XX INTRODUCTION
the legend FELIX KESPVKL(ica) and Justin's panegyrist Corippus declares : —
Felix est totus lustino principe mundus ; ^
Ijut probably this particular inscription was suggested by the FELIX CARTHAGO of the Vandalic coinages.*^
Tiberius II, Constantino,^ Count of the Excubiti, who had been
appointed Caesar by Justin II in Dec. 574, became Augustus and sole
Emperor in Sept. 578, in the knonth preceding the
II, death of Justin IL In the dates on his coins he
usually reckons his 'reign' as beginning with his
' ' Caesai'ship, but there is no evidence that decisively
HI P^^^v^ ^^^ ^® struck money till he became sole ruler
mifi 90 Sant S78 *^^ Augustus.* His wife Anastasia now received
-13 Anff 582 Imperial honours and took the place of his former
co-regent, the widowed Empress Sophia (cp. obv. of
coins of Thessalonica, PI. XV. 2, Tiberius II and Anastasia).
Tiberius merited praise as a ruler for the attention which he paid to the army and for his remission of taxation throughout the Empire. But his popularity was largely achieved — to the great detriment of the Imperial treasury — by the most extravagant donations to ail sorts and conditions of men. One of the most politic of his gifts was the presentation to Chilperic, King of the Franks, of gold coins or medallions each of a pound's weight (cp. infra, p. 105).
The election of Tiberius to the (sole) consulship gave occasion at Constantinople and several provincial mints for a new obverse type representing the Emperor in Consular dress. The earliest of these coins belong to 578/9 (regnal year *5'). The bronze coins of this type are large and well struck, and the solidus is of relatively good work (PI. XIV. 5 ; XVI. 3 ; XIII. 20). We have already noticed (p. xix, supra) that he inti'oduced a sacred reverse-type— the Cross— on all denominations of his gold money. Another innovation was the introduction of a bronze piece of XXX nummia.
Tiberius died on Aug. 13, 582. A few days earlier (Aug. 5), realizing that he was dying, he had elected as his successor Mauiicius, the Count
* CorippuB, Pantg. in laud, Ancutasii, 1. 33 ; ed. Partsch. At the ]}fvcessm of Justin IPs Gonsulship, the Senate (according to Corippus, In lavd, lust,, iv, 1. 130 f.) saluted the Emperor-Consul with cries of * Vincas ' and * Consule te felix, te principe, floreat orbis *.
* Corippus, lohann,, vi (v), 58, 59, * felix Carthago lustiniana.' Cp. Felix Roma the favourite motto of the Ostrogoth Theodoric: *Regnante Theodorico Domino nostro felix Roma' (Gregorovius, Borne, Book II, chap, ii, pp. 315, 316, £ng. ti-ans.).
^ The name of Constantine had been bestowed on Tiberius by Justin II when he appointed him Caesar ; John of Ephesus, iii, 5, 10, 23 ; Chfvn. Poach., p. 376 A, cited by Clinton, Fast. Rom,, p. 834. As to the name on the coins, see infra, p. 130 n.
* On the difficulties of the dating on the coins see the discussion, iuftv, p. 125.
§ 2. MAURICE TIBERIUS xxi
of the Foederati (barbarian auxiliaries), a good general who had recently retorned from the campaign in Persia.
Maurice — who had assumed the additional name of Tiberius — had a reputation for piety and moderation. He was stigmatized as avaricious, but be seems only to have practised a wise economy mattrtck wbich contrasted strongly with the lavish expenditure TTBERina of bis predecessor. Until the peace of A.n. 591, the .^ . ^* Persian War was a perpetual drain upon his resources, o^ ^^^ ^^2
wbile he was further harassed, during his twenty /^ ge or 27 Nov.) years' reign, by the stniggle with the Avars and Slavs. His iins}rmpathetic treatment of the army, or perhaps his disciplinary zeal, led to a revolt in which the centuiion Phocas took a leading part. Fhocas mardied on Constantinople and Maurice fled to Chalcedon, but was captured and put to death by Phocas on 26 (or 27) Nov. 602.
The mints of this reign continue as before, and the coinage is abundant At Thessalonica, the flourishing city where the Prefect of Uljricum resided, the dated coinage extends from the second to the last year of the Emperor's reign, but there are apparently no coins of years 16, 17, 18, i.e. from a.d. 597/8 to a.d. 599/600. It seems to have been in the year 597 that the city experienced a siege at the hands of the
The coinage of Cabthage — partly dated by Indictions — is fairly important. In this reign the Exarch of Africa (in place of the Magister milUura Africae) is mentioned (a.d. 591) for the first time. The Exarchs were selected judiciously by Maurice, and they governed and defended the country with success against native risings. The insuirection of 595 was the last revolt of the Africans against the Byzantine authority.^
The coinage of Rome continues to be very scanty, but that of Ravenna is more important : the Exarch of Ravenna was appai-ently first created in tbis reign, circ. A.D. 584.^
The bronze of Sicily, now marked with the mint-name Catina, becomes more abundant, and was issued during many years of the reign.
The Lombard and Gaulish imitations of the coinages of Maurice * lie beyond the limits of this work, though they illustrate the history of his reign. The Duchies of Spoletium and Beneventum had already been formed by Lombard chiefs, and from 584 onwards the Lombardic conquests in northern Italy b^an to be consolidated and completed. Against the Lombards Maurice sought the help of the Franks, and sent a subsidy of 50,000 solidi to Childebert, whom he saluted as his * son '.
The somewhat interesting family coinage of Maurice Tiberius must be
^ Bury, Hist.y ii, p, 134 f. Thessalonica was thrice besieged in the seventh century.
* Diehl, VA/r. byz., pp. 478, 482.
* Bury's Gibbon, iv, p. 545 ; Diehl, L'Exafrhat de Bavenne,
* Cp. p. 161, infi-a.
xxii INTRODUCTION
noticed. It consists (i) of bronze coins (PL XX. 1) bearing the figures of
^ ., ^ . the Emperor and his wife Constantina (the daughter
Pamily Coinaffe. « m*i .▼▼/>• • v i i
of Tibenus II, Constantine), and — on the reverse —
their son Theodosius, represented in youth or manhood. These coins
wei'e struck at Cherson, which, though commercially important and
tenacious of its old Hellenic independence, was never one of the great
mints of the Empire and had apparently issued coins hitherto only under
Justinian I.^ It is pi-obable that Maurice had some special connexion
with this city, and that the issue of coins from its mint was intended as
a compliment, on one side or the other.^ (ii) There are silver coins of
Carthage bearing the name of Theodosius (Augustus) only. On one type
of these (PL XX. 3) are three busts which may be best identified as those
of Theodosius and of his father and mother.
As to the date of these family coins : Theodosius was bom 4 Aug. 584. A few yeai-s later (about 5891) he was created Augustus. This is the earliest date at which these coins can have been struck, but unless we are to assume that the representation of Theodosius is purely conventional (a child represented as youth or man), it is better to place the issue a few years later when the precocious Augustus was at any rate about twelve or thirteen. Perhaps the issue of the coins took place about 596/7 when Maurice made a remarkable will by which he bequeathed the Empire to his sons. The share assigned to Theodosius as the eldest was Constantinople and the East. The coins are not likely to have been struck so late as 601/2, because in that year Theodosius was very much in disgrace with his father (who, indeed, chastised him with rods) on account of his connexion with Germanus, who was charged with rebellion against the Emperor. Theodosius was put to death by Phocas in 602, shortly after his father. His mother Constantina was imprisoned, and put to death in 605.
Phocas, who had been crowned Emperor on 23 Nov. 602, shortly
before his execution of Maurice Tiberius, was an ignorant and brutal
soldier, res^arded by his contemporaries as a sort of
PSOCAS » o J r
' monster — the * New Gorgon *. His very appearance was
* repulsive, and Cedrenus^ describes him as shoi*t and
deformed, with red hair and shaggy eyebrows that met
together (but with a shaven chin),^ and a face disfigured by an ugly scar
which darkened in moments of auger. On his coins (PI. XX. 4, &c.) Phocas
* Cp. p. xviii, 8up}xi,
' The inscription in Boeckh, C. I. G., vol. iv, No. 8740, mentions the restoration of the palace (icaiadpiov) in Bosporus which Eupaterios, arparri^dTqf tcai doit^ Xcpo-^Mf, undertook at the expense of a Byzantine Emperor. According to Latyschev (cited B, Z., iv, 1895, p. 397) the Emperor in question is probably Maurice Tiberius and the dat^; A, D. 590.~To the references to the Cheraon coins on pp. 158, 159, infra, add A. V. Oreshnikov, * Ghersono-Byzantine Coins,' printed in vol. iii of the Transactions of the Moscow Numismatic Society^ Moscow, 1905, PI. VIII, 5-12.
' P. 404 = i, 708, ed. Bonn. * 2vuo(f>pvs n koi tj yiptwv Knpofityo^.
§ 2. PHOCAS— HERACLIUS xxiii
has an unkempt, almost ruffianly appearance : he is always represented bearded,^ so that the description of Cedrenus must^ in this particulai*, be inaccarate.^ We may rely all the more on the testimony of the coins because, in this case, a bearded Emperor is a deliberate innovation on the beardless type of the previous reigns. Moreover, the leaden seals of this Emperor have the same legend and bearded bust as the coins.^
During the earlier years of his rule Phocas places on the bronze coins the two standing %ui-es of his wife Leontia and himself, Leontia being Qsoaliy nimbate.^ The coinage as a whole was fairly abundant, and was sbrock at nine mints. Many of the bronze pieces are i-estruck, chiefly on the coins of Mamice Tiberius.
'The reign of Phocas ' (says Gibbon) ' afflicted Europe with ignominious pace and Asia with devastating war.' The peace was that which was concluded with the Avars in 604, when at the same time the Imperial tribute to them was increased. The Persian war was especially disastrous. In 606-607 the Persians oven*an western Mesopotamia and Syria, and in 606 their army advanced across Asia Minor to Chalcedon so that blazing Tillages could be seen from Constantinople itself.
The tyranny and stupidity of Phocas increased the disorders of a troubled period. His endeavour to constrain his Jewish subjects to accept the Christian sacrament of Baptism led to serious revolts (a.d. 609) in Antioch and Alexandria.^ The many conspiracies of the reign were sDCcessfully repressed by him, but, finally, on 4 Oct. 610, a new rival, Henudius, the son of Heraclius the elder, the venerated Exarch of Africa, defeated the Emperor's fleet. The tyrant was put to death, and Heraclius was proclaimed Augustus and crowned by the Patriarch in Constantinople on Oct 5.
A coinage of solidi {vofitcfiaTa), now very scarce, was evidently prepared in haste for circulation with the name of ^r-,^ p Heraclius. • This ySfiia-fia was closely modelled upon '
the corresponding coin of Phocas, and the portrait is '
not distinguishable from that of Phocas (see infra, p. 184, note 3 ; PL XXIU. 1). But Heraclius soon instituted a new t/6fiiafia
^ On the CoDBtantinopolitan semisses and tremisses he is beardless, but the obverses of tiiese denominations are purely conventional and are repeated from reign to reign. On the corresponding Ravenna pieces Phocas is usually given a beard.
' Unless possibly it means that the beard on his chin was trimmed [cp. the pointed Wrd of the coins] but not dean shaven.
' Schlumberger, Sfgillogr., p. 420 ; Konstantopoulos in Journal intemat. cTatxh, mtm,, 1908, p. 70. A steelyard weight in the British Museum having the form of a bearded Emperor has been identified with probability, on comparison with the coins, as Phocas : see Dalton, B. M. Cat, Eatiy Christian AniiquHies, No. 485.
* Cp. Gibbon, v, p. 64, ed. Bury : — * The images of the Emperor and his wife Leontia weiv exposed in the Lateran to the veneration of the clergy and Senate of Rome.'
' Of Alexandria there arc a number of extremely barbarous coins which appear to ^loug to this reign.
xxiv INTRODUCTION
on which the cross potent (already found on the tremissis of Phocas, but without steps) takes the place of the figure of Victory. From his third year onwards variations in the obverse type in all metals become frequent. Most commonly Heraolius appears with his young son Heraolius Constantine, who was bom in May, 612 and crowned Augustus in 613. His son (by- Martina, his second wife) Heraclonas, who was born in 615 and crowned Augustus in 638, appears on the coins with his father and elder brother, but not (at Constantinople) before the year 639/40.^ When the Empress Martina is seen it is in conjunction with her husband and her stepson Heraclius Constantine.
These family groupings are represented quaintly but not without a touch of artistic feeling (see PI. XXIII, 7, 10 ; XXIV. 10), and it may be said that the engraving of the gold and silver coins of Heraclius (at any rate at Constantinople) is throughout fairly neat and skilful. Heraclius himself, according to the description in Cedrenus,' was a man of middle height, strongly built and broad-chested, with fine eyes and yellow hair: he had a long bushy beaixl, but when he became Emperor he shaved. The coins represent him in a.d. 610 with a pointed beard like Phocas,'^ but shortly afterwards with a close beard (PI. XXIII. 1 and 2). From about 629/30, the twentieth year of his reign, he presents a grotesque appearance with a long flowing beard and a moustache of enormous extension (PL XXIII. 9).
The earlier years of the reign of Heraclius wei*e times of grievous disaster for the Empire. Persia was, indeed, a vetua hodis, but its hostility was now productive of unexampled misfortune. Phocas had lost Mesopotamia ; but Asia Minor was now overrun by the Persians right up to Chalcedon. Syria was attacked, and in 611, Antioch, and in 614, Jerusalem were captured.* A precious relic, the Holy Rood, was carried off to Persia. The new coin-legend, Deus adiuta Roi^ianis, first adopted on the silver of 615,^ must have had an almost pathetic significance. In 617 the Persians captured Alexandria and robbed the Empire of ' Egypt ', the granary of Constantinople. But in 622 there came a change. Heraclius had proclaimed a crusade which was welcomed with something like national enthusiasm. The churches of Constantinople lent their plate and treasure, and the free doles of corn to the populace were discontinued. The Emperor himself commanded in person, and by a long series of campaigns lasting from 622 to' 628^ completely shattered the power of Persia.
^ On coins of Rome (p. 243, infixi) Heraclonas appears a.d. 622/8.
« Bury, Hist, ii, p. 208.
^ No doubt a fancy portrait : see p. xxiii, aupm, and infra, p. 184, note 8.
* Pemice, VImp, Eradio, p. 64, note.
'^ Tovr&> r^ crei (615) ytyovtv qw6 v6fiov vofiitrfjui i^ypafifiop apyvpoivf Koi fitujiXucai fiAyai bi aifTOv y€y6va(n Ktii Kara to rjixia-v rrjf apxaifivTiTos, Chwn, Alex,^ vol. i, p. 706, ed. Bonn.
' So Pemice, op. cit., p. 57. In 626 a formidable but unsuccessfiil attack was made upon Constantinople by the Persians allied with Avars and Slavs.
§ 2. HERACLIUS— MINTS xxv
In 628 the Persian King Chosroes died. His son made submission to Henidins and peace was established. In the following year (629) the Empire was again in possession of Egypt and of the other provinces of which Persia had deprived it. The Holy Rood was given back to Heraclius and was solemnly reinstated by him at Jerusalem (a.d. 629).^ The long cross seen on the coins of a.d. 629/30 in the hands of the Emperor may perhaps be not a mere cruciform sceptre but the Rood itself (PI. XXIV. 5 ; XXVn. 20; infra, p. 234).
But a power more formidable than the Persian was already rising, and at a time when the Empire was exhausted by long warring and drained by new taxation, the great Islamic movement under Mohammad had to be reckoned with. In 634 the Arab conquest of Syria began. Damascus, Antioch and Jerusalem fell into the hands of the Saracens, and by 638 the conquest was complete. The Arab invasion of Egypt was reserved for the last melancholy years of the reign of Heraclius, and its capital Alexandria did not fall till some time after his death, which took place on 11 Feb. 641.
During this long and momentous reign no less than twelve mints were in operation, but no important changes were made in the coinage beyond the issue of the 'silver Hexagram' (= double miliaresion), a piece of six scripula, extant specimens of which weigh a little over 100 grains Troy, A curious feature of the bronze coinage, probably significant of an ill-supplied treasury and of careless administiution, is the constant evidence of restriking. Instances in which new JUtTbs were prepared for the coinage of Heraclius are probably exceptional ; the general rule being to utilize as iiana any older coins that came to hand, especially those of Tiberius II Constantine, Maurice Tiberius and Phocas. Restriking has been noticed in previous reigns, but under Heraclius it was pai-ticularly extensive and slovenly. Little or no attempt is made to obliterate the first types, and the original dates and mint-names are often more conspicuous than those impressed by Heraclius. Sometimes the old coin restruck by Heraclius
has itself been originally restruck. In Sicily, the large M coins of the fifth and sixth centuries (Anastasius I — Justinian I) and certain coins of Heraclius himself, struck at various mints, were reissued with no alteration beyond two countermarks which showed the reigning Emperor's head and the name of * Sicily ' (PI. XXVni. 3, 4, &c.). A curious parallel may be found in the history of the English coinage under 'George III, when the government of the day — as a makeshift for a much-needed new issue of five-shilling pieces — put into circulation a great mass of Spanish dollars, countermarked either with O. R. (Georgius rex) or with a small head of George III.
Of the twelve mints, the most important was Constantinople, where
' On the date of the restoration of the Rood, see Pemice, op. cit., pp. 317 f., 174 f. I d
xxvi INTRODUCTION
a long and nearly unbroken series of dated coins was issued from the
first to the thirtieth year of Heraclins. In bronze, the
Mints of "KA
Heraoliiu ^^^ important denomination was the foUis (marked 1*1).
The succession of the types can be studied conveniently
on the dated bronze pieces of this mint. In years 1 to 3 we find
Heraclius alone; from year 8 to 5, Heraclius and his son Heraclius
Constantine ; from year 6 to 19, the group of Heraclius, Heraclius Con-
stantine and Martina. In year 20 (= a. d. 629/30) there is a new variety — '-
Heraclius in military dress and Heraclius Constantine. In year 30
(a. d. 639/40) we find the three figures of Heraclius, Heraclius Constantine
and Heraclonas.
Carthage in this reign is also a mint of considerable importance. Heraclius as the son of an exarch of Africa had a peculiar regard for the province, and at one time contemplated the substitution of Carthage for Constantinople as his capital. Under Heraclius, Africa was prosperous and peaceful, though towards the end of his reign the disorganization of the province had already begun, and the Berbers and other native peoples were asserting theii' independence.^ The African coins present several peculiarities, especially the representation of Heraclius and his eldest son in the guise of Consul. The first appearance here, cii-c. a. d. 629, of a Greek legend — €N T06T0 NIKA — is also noteworthy.
Alexandbia has a varied and somewhat curious coinage. The capture of the city by the Persians took place at the end of a. d. 617,* but in 627/8 the Persians evacuated Egypt, and the Imperial supremacy was restored and confirmed by the peace of 629. It is strange that there
should be coins (see infra, p. 224, M) that beai- dates from 622/3-623/4, and thus fall within the period of Persian rule. The undated coins (infra, p. 224; PI. XXVI, 7, 8) with the star and crescent on the obverse are also remarkable,^ and these symbols may perhaps commemorate the victory over the Persian king Chosroes, whose emblems they were ;* and if this is the right interpretation the coins were probably struck in 628, the year of the death of Chosroes, or in 629.
The Persian invasion of Egypt was to be followed, aftei* some yeara interval, by the still more important attack of the Arabs. This latter invasion began in Dec. 639,^ and in June 641 (i. e. a few months after the death of Heraclius) Alexandria was attacked. It capitulated in Nov. 641, and was finally evacuated by the Romans in Sept. 642. At the end of 645 the city was retaken by the Romans, but was finally regained by the
^ Diehl, L'A/r, hyz.y p. 517 f. In Spain, most of the Imperial possessions were lost in A.D. 616 and again 621-631 ; Diehl, p. 531.
• A. J. Butler, Arab Cmquest of Egypt, pp. xxvii, xxviii.
' Notice also the crown with cross in crescent on No. 276, p. 224, infra.
* Cp. Froehner, Annuaire de la $oc.frang, de Num., 1890, p. 472 f. ^ Butler, op. cit., for this and the following dates.
§ 2. HERACUUS CONSTANTINE, ETC. xxvii
Anbfi in the summer of 646. It will thus be seen that there was opportunity for the intermittent activity of the mint of Alexandria during the earlier years of Constans II, the successor of Heraclius. I have not, however, ventured definitely to assign coins to his reign, though, as indicated, infra^ p. 227, some of the more barbarous pieces described under 'Hetadios I, Alexandria' may have been issued a.d. 641-646, and thus duiiug the reign of Constans. It seems likely that with the Arabian conquest in the summer of 641 the mint came to an end. Yet it is just possible that some of the coins with apparently barbarous legends, HAN , nON, &C. {iiifray p. 227), may have emanated from Alexandria even under the domination of the Ai*abs; for under the new rulers the old civil administration of Egypt was, on the whole, maintained unaltei'ed, and many official posts were even filled by Coptic Christians.^
The coinage of Home is insignificant ; that of Ravenna in gold, silver and bronze of much greater importance. In Sicily we have already ol)fierved (p. xxv, supra) the issue of old follea stamped with the Empei-or's oountermark. The smaller denominations in bronze were struck at Catina.
Antioch (Theoupolis), captured first by the Persians in A.D. 611,^ and then by the Arabs in 636,^ issued no coins under Heraclius, though once so prolific a mint The only exception is formed by the coins of year 7 ( = A. D. 616/7) with the inscription S€HSH , apparently a blundered rendering of * Theoupolis '.
The old mints of Thessalonica, Nicomedia and Cyzicus continued in operation, and two other places now strike for the fii'st and last time under Byzantine rule — Isaura Palaia, which issued coins of year 8 (= a. d. 617/8), and a Cypriote mint, doubtless Constantia, which struck in year 17 (= a. D. 626/7) or perhaps as early as year 15 (= a. D. 624/5).
Heraclius by his will left the administration of the Empire to his tiRTo sons Heraclius Constantino and Heraclonas, and to the Empress Martina. Heraclius Constantino died, ibbacliits
aaer a few months' reign, on 24 May, 641. In Constawtinb September, Constantinus (III), called also Constans (11),^ the young son of Heraclius Constantino and grandson of the great Heraclius, was chosen Emperor. He was crowned in October, and Heraclonas and his mother, Martina, were deposed.
' Butler, op. cit., p. 450. Fustat Miur, not Alexandria, was now the capital of Egypt
- Buiy'B Gibbon, v, 69 f.
' Bury, HUt., ii, 267 n. ; Bury's Gibbon, v, 437 n.
* His baptismal name was Heraclius, changed at his coronation to Constantinus. This last was evidently his official name, Constans being a popular appellation (Bury^s Gibbon, v, 176 n. ; Kaestner, De Imperio Constantini III (1907), p. 24). On the coins he is always ' Constantinus *, but to avoid possible difficulties in the numbering of the many Emperors named Constantine, and in accordance with the usage of most modem 'hiitoiians (following Theophanes), the Emperor has here been spoken of as Constans II.
xxviii INTRODUCTION
There are no coins that can, with any certainty, be assigned to this period between the death of Heradius in Feb. 641 and the coronation, of Constantinus III (Constans II) in October of the same year.
The coinage of Constans II is closely modelled on that of his grand- father, Heraclins, and in various series he associates himself with tli3 figures of his son Constantino IV, PoTOnatus (Aucfustus from A. D. 654), and his younger sons Heradius and TTT^ n AAi Tiberius. His coins were struck at five mints only — -s i n\ flflft Constantinople, Sicily (Catina or Syracuse), Carthage, Borne and Ravenna — as compared with the twelve mints of Heradius; in other words, Thessalonica, Nicomedia, Cyzicus, Antioch and Alexandria^ have ceased to coin, as well as the short-lived mints of Isaura and Cyprus.
The gold coinage issued at the Capital is abundant and well struck: and the number of dies employed is very remarkable. The bronze coinage^ on the contrary, is very badly struck, and the types are usually impressed on earlier coins, which are sometimes the large coins of the sixth century cut up into two or three pieces. The chief denomination
is the follis (marked M) which is now of small module : on most of these coins the inscription dvavkoxris occurs (see infra, p. 266 n.).
The Carthage mint continues to be of considei*able importance, though after the Arab invasion of 647 the Imperial domination of Northern Africa began to be seriously threatened. Sicily, in place of the old sixth-century coins which Heradius had made current by his countermarks, has now types of its own, but even these are generally restruck on eaiiier money.
Under the rule of Constans, a man of energetic and independent character, the territory of the Empire was not materially curtailed, though in the earlier pai't of his reign Cyprus was attacked, Rhodes plundered and Armenia lost. Alexandria was razed to the gi'ound in a.B. 646.^ In 658/9 Muaviah the Caliph made peace with the Emperor. In 663 hostilities were renewed and the Arabs made yearly invasions of Asia Minor.
* Some of the barbarous Alexandrian coins catalogfued under Heradius I may possibly have been struck in the early years of Constans II ; see mpra^ p. xx?ii.
* In A.D. 647 Gbegoby the Patrician, Governor of Africa, revolted and assumed the purple. According to Ibn Abd-el-Hakam he struck coins with his own effigy (Eaestner, De Imp. Cofistanf,y p. 34 ; Diehl, UAfr. hyz,, p. 557). Some small silver coins have been sometimes attributed to him (Mev, helge, 1856, p. 191, cp. p. 492 ; 1857, p. 22 ; Helbing Sale Cat., 13 May, 1907, lot 170 and i^late. The ohv, has a crowned Imperial bust
o Jiev,^ ^-f K. The attribution does not seem to me certain, and the style of the obverse
€ appears to be later than the time of the African Gregory. Two specimens in the British Museum are assigned to the series of Beneventum : one of these formed part of the large collection of Italian coins purchased by the Museum in 1847 from Baron Eolb.
§ 2. CONSTANS II— CONSTANTINE IV xxix
Constans was unpopular in the Capital, and bis famous Tuttos, which forbade all discussion as to the nature of the will and the nature of the eneigjr of Christ, though intended to make for peace, seemed to his subjects to treat with contemptuous indifference the burning theological issues of the day.^ In 662 he left Constantinople never to return. On his way to Italy he visited Athens, and it is likely enough that he and his courtiers brought with them the numerous gold coins that in our own time have been discovered buried at the site of the Asklepieion.^ After ravaging the territory of the Dukes of Beneventum, which he was unable to recover for the Empire, Const-ans took up his residence at Syracuse, where he lived till 668, when he was assassinated by his bathing-attendant. He had reigned twenty-seven years.
His son Constantine IV had, since 654, been associated with his father as Augustus, and it is from this year that Constantine reckons his regnal years when— as is only exceptionally the case— qonsTANTINB IV, a date is inscribed on his coins. He is said to p o attts
have acquired the nickname Pogonatus from the gept. MS^Sept. 685. drcumstance that when he left the Capital for
Sicily to avenge his father's death his face was smooth, but when he returned he had grown a beard. On the coins we find both beardless and bearded types, but ' Pogonatus ' is an epithet more suitable to the enormous beards of Heraclius and Constans II than to the short dose beard of Constantine as shown on his coins (PL XXXVI).
During this reign the Bulgarians settled to the south of the Danube (their kingdom was established a«d. 679), and the Slavs more than once besi^ed Thessalonica, now no longer an Imperial mint. But the life-and- death struggle was with the Caliph Muaviah and the Saracens. A great aege of Constantinople, extending over the years 672-677, was successfully misted, and the ai'my and fleet of the infidel suffered disastrous defeat. ^ 678 peace was made with the Caliphate on honourable terms, and Constantine, who played something of the heroic part of Heraclius and Leo the 'Isaurian', received the congratulations of the western world. It IS probably not without significance that on the obverses of his coins this Emperor is represented — almost throughout— as an armed warrior. The design is borrowed from the earliest type of the solidi of the great Justinian (itself modelled on a type found in preceding reigns), and the cbatacteristic feature is that the Emperor holds a spear and a shield (adorned with the device of a horseman attacking a prostrate enemy). Od the second type of the solidi of Justinian I (and afterwards on the ^lidi of his successors) the Emperor holds the globus cruciger instead of tbe spear, but Constantine IV only exceptionally lays aside his spear for tbe globiLs.
> Bury, Hist., ii, 304.
* Svoronos, in Joum. inteittat, d'atxh. num,, 1904, p. 143 f.
XXX INTRODUCTION
Constantine's bronze coins struck at the Capital are of about the same large module as those of Justinian I, though it may be suspected, perhaps, that old coins of Justinian have been restruck with the types of the later Emperor. His Sicilian coins are like those of his father Constans. His Carthage coinage, though showing (on the thick solid!) traces of barbarism, continues to be impoi*tant : in spite of the Arab invasion of Africa in 669, and of the foundation of Kairouan, south of Carthage, the Imperialists still held their ground^ and at the end of the seventh century, Carthage and Hadrumetum and many citadels of the interior were still in their hands.^
In the acts of his reign and on many of his coins, Constantine IV is associated with his younger brothers Heraclius and Tiberius, but he deposed them from their Imperial position, circ. 680. The extraordinary demand made by the army of the Anatolic district that Constantine should associate his two brothers in his rule because — being believers in the doctrine of the Trinity — they wished to be governed by a trinity of Emperors, may perhaps throw light on the feeling that inspired the frequent representation on Imperial coinage of groups of three (e.g. Heraclius and family and later Emperors).
Constantine died in 685, leaving his throne to his' eldest son Justinian II, who was then sixteen, and who had been associated with his father (though not apparently on the coins) since 680.
Justinian II was successful in a wai- with the Bulgarians, but in 692 he quaiTelled with the Caliph Abdalmalik, and the Imperial arms suffered defeat in Cilicia and Cappadocia at the hands of the Saracens.
Justinian employed as his ministers two men, Stephanus and
Theodotus, whose rapacity and extortionate dealing —
not alien to a certain strain of cruelty in his own
H ^' character — made him immensely unpopular. In 695
"he was oveiiihrown by the general Leontius and
banished with his nose slit,^ or at any rate branded, to Cherson.
Leontius reigned three yeai*s, and like most of the LEONTIUS, ephemeral monarchs who ascended the Imperial throne,
696-698. probably issued coins, though none are known to be extant^
With regard to the coinage of Justinian II during the period 685-695 it may be noticed that he introduced some interesting types, notably the head of the Saviour (in two foi-ms), which now appeal's for the first time on the Imperial coinage (PI. XXXVIII. 15-17).* In one of his coin-legends
' Diehl, VA/r, hyz., p. 580. ' Hence his nickname Rhinotmetos.
' A leaden seal reading Deus aiuta Leontii Aug, Romion is attributed to Leontius by Mordtmann in B. Z., 1906, p. 614.
* There is, previously, an isolated case of the representation of the figure of Christ
§ 2. COINS OF CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN ITALY xxxi
the Emperor describes himself as Semnis Christi; on other coins the vord PAX is conspicnous. His mints are Constantinople, Carthage and SyracQse.
There are no coins (at any rate in the British Museum) belonging to the Ravenna mint, though bronze money may well have been struck there, as was certainly the case in one or two later reigns. Bat the issue of the great bulk of the gold coinage of Coinages of Cen- Bavenna (distinguishable by its bracteate-like fabric) "^ Soutnem
s^ms to have ceased with the reiim of Heraclius or y in e
Ccmstansn. '^^^t^""
Under Justinian II the coinage of Italian mints differs greatly in style and fabric from that previously issued by the Lombards (in the north of Italy) and by the Imperialist authority at Ravenna.^ This Italian coinage continues throughout the eighth century and during the ninth till the time of Theophilus and Michael III, i.e. circ, A.D. 842. It consists of solidi and tremisses which, as a rule, reproduce the types of die Imperial coinage of Constantinople, reign by reign. But it may be distinguished from the Constantinopolitan money by the following criteria: — 1. The coins are rudely engraved in high relief, and type and legend are very rough to the touch, almost, one might say, as if designed to be fingered by a blind man. They nearly always show some trace of barbarism, especially in the frequent blunders of the inscriptions. 2. The gold is often much alloyed either with silver or with basei* metals : some of the coins have the appearance of electrum, others of silver, more or less debased. 3. Various letters and a star are often found in the field of the reverses.
These coins have been much neglected by numismatists, though de Salis, in arranging the British Museum collection, has rendered a useful service in bringing a number of them together under the heading of * the Italian class*. I have arranged many others in the same way, but the great difficulty is to determine at what mints, and by whom, these pieces were struck. Their general provenance seems to be Italy, Central and Southern, and many bear a remarkable resemblance to the gold coins of the Lombard Duchy of Beneventum.^ This ducal coinage of Beneventum
on a rare solidas of Marcian, struck circ, A.D. 450. On the I'ev., the Saviour, wearing the nimbus cruciger, stands blessing the bride and bridegroom, Pulcheria and Marcian ; see 6. Macdonald, Coin Types, p. 234 ; PL IX. 8, solidus in Hunter Museum ; cp. Dressel in Zeit,f. Num,, xxi, p. 247 f.
^ Even before the time of Justinian II there are gold coins, inscribed with the names of Constans II and of Constantine IV, which are not of the 'bracteate* fabric but resemble the Italian coins with the name of Justinian II here referred to.
' On the Beneventum coinage see Keary, Coinages of Western Europe, p. 99 ^ Blanchet, Nouv. manuel de num., II, p. 212 ; Engel and Serrure, Tmiti de num., i, pp. 35, 288. The coins of the Principality of Salerno may also be compared, but these do not
xxxii INTRODUCTION
took its rise under Bomoald II, circ. A. D. 698, and consists of imitations of the solidi of Justinian II, whose bust and legends (much blundered) are copied by Romoald and his successors. Grimoald III, the contemporary of Charlemagne, first places his own name on the Beneventine coins instead of the blundered name of Justinian 11.^
The provenance of the Italian coins now under discussion, and their resemblance to the Beneventum coinage, seem to authorize us in describing them as a coinage of Central and Southern Italy. They can hardly Lave formed part of the Beneventine currency, though another Lombard Duchy, that of Spoleto,^ in Central Italy, might be a possible claimant. On the whole, it seems best to i*egai'd these coins — or at least certain groups of them — as Imperial issues minted at Rome and in the South Italian possessions of the Empire in the toe and heel of the peninsula. The barbarous style and blundered lettering are difficulties in attributing many of the coins to Home ; on the other hand (as Prof. Oman has pointed out to me) the style of the eai'liest Papal coins (those of Adrian I, A. D. 772-795 ; rev. K fD) ^ recalls the style of these Italian gold coins. Probably only a careful study of the provenance of these coins — such as could best be made by an Italian numismatist — will enable us to determine their classification. Meanwhile, I have catalogued all these pieces under the heading Central and Southern Italy, even though they ai*e not demonstrably of Imperial mints; at the same time assigning specifically to Home those specimens which by their style and from the presence of letters in the field seem to suggest this attribution.^
begin till the time of Siconolfus, A. D. 839-849 : see Engel and Serrure, i, p. 291 and F. Gaetano, Le Monete dells Zecche di Salerno, Salerno, 1891.
' The coins before Grimoald III are assigned to different Dukes according to the letters and symbols found in the field of the coins.
^ The earliest pieces hitherto assigned by numismatists to the Duchy of Spoleto are coins of Guido (d. 894): Gnecchi, Bibliogr,y p. 368. It may be also remarked that the earliest coins of the Duchy of Naples— another conceivable claimant—are assigned by A. Sambon to the time of Leo III the Isaurian, a.d. 717. They are followed, but probably not till circ, 821, by the money of the later Dukes : Engel and Serrure, Traiti, i, p. 293 f. The coins now in question are certainly not of the Lombard Kingdom of North Italy, where coinage inscribed with the kings* names probably begins with Grimoald, a.d. 662, and is continued by his successors of the seventh and eighth centuries. This regal Lombardic coinage is of thin^ bracteate-like fabric. On the coinage of Central and Southern Italy, especially in the tenth and eleventh centuries, see J. Gay, Vltalie niiridionale^ Paris, 1904, p. 587 f. During those centuries there are abundant references in extant documents to the Byzantine solidi (solidi Rotnanati; soteriki, i.e. with the type of the Saviour; shyphati) as forming a medium of exchange in Italy, side by side with the local silver coins such as the tari of Amalfi. These solidi must have been the ordinary solidi minted at Constantinople, for our Central and Southern Italian class of gold coins does not seem to have been minted subsequently to cifx, A. D. 842.
» Engel and Serrure, TraiU, i, p. 284.
* Some portions of this section are expanded from my article in Cotvlla numiamatica (1906), p. 330 f.
§ 2. PROVINCIAL COINAGE— JUSTINIAN II (2) xxxiii
In 698 LeontiuSy the supplanter of Justinian 11, was dethroned and hmished to a monastery by the admiral Apsimarus, who, as Emperor, assumed the name of Tiberius (III). '
Daring his reign the Imperialists took the offensive '
against the Saracens, invaded Northern Syria, and were victorious in Cilicia. We have coins of Tiberius III struck at Constantinople, Syracuse, and (in bronze only) at Bavenna.
A few gold coins may be also, possibly, assigned to Carthage in
698, the year in which that city was finally taken by the Arabs.^ After
this capture, which was followed in a few years
(A.D. 709) by the surrender of Septem (Ceuta), the C^^e of Africa.
B^nnan rule, and, with it, the Roman official coinage, vino ^
eeased to exist in Africa. In spite of this, we find
in the reign of Tiberius III, and in many subsequent reigns, till as
late as the time of BasU I (died 886), a series of gold and bronze coins
which bear Imperial types, and which by their provenance, style and
bfamdered inscriptions seem to proclaim themselves as of African origin,
or at least as modelled on coins of the old Cai*thaginian mint The
coins of this series are generally in high relief and often of alloyed
gold (in these respects resembling the Italian coins discussed on p. xxxi),
but they have other peculiarities ; the heads, for instance, are very stiffly
drawn, and the face presents the appearance of a mask. Count de Salis,
who partially arranged the series of these coins in the British Museum,
has labelled it 'African'. But it seems, on historical grounds, highly
improbable that all these coins can have been minted in Africa and
exclusively used there. I have therefore catalogued them (whether Imperial
or non-Imperial) under the purposely vague title of the ' Provincial Coinage'.
It is possible that this coinage may have been in use in Sardinia, while
SicDy has, a priori, a still better claim, and there is some little evidence
as to the Sicilian provenance of the coins.^ Another alternative is that
some of the coins may have supplemented the Arab issues in Africa, or
have been struck by native tribes who had been previously accustomed
to use the Imperial money issued at Carthage.^
Tiberius UI was reigning only in fancied security. In 704 the dethroned Justinian managed to escape from Cherson,
J • nr/^C xU XI. J r XU ^ 1 • JUSTINIAN II
and m 705, with the aid of the Bulgarian army, a - \
made himself master of the Capital where, in the ^ 711
Hippodrome, he put to death the two usurpers,
1 On the chronology, Diehl, BAfr, hyz„ p. 582 f.
* e;g. Tarious coins of this class, chiefly of the eighth and ninth centuries, which came to me at the British Museum for examination (in 1905) were found mixed with Byzantine and other coins that were undoubtedly of Sicily.
• The Arab coins in use were those of the Omayyad Caliphs (a.d. 661-750) and the Abbasid Caliphs (a.d. 750, &c.). Then, the coinage of the Aghlabids in Tunis, &c A.D. 800-909. (Also the Idrisids of Morocco, a.d. 788-985.)
I e
xxxiv INTEODUCTION
Leontins and Tiberius III, Apsimarus — 'treading', as it was said in scriptural language, *upon the Lion and the Asp.'
Justinian caused his young son Tiberius to be crowned Augustus, and associated him with himself on all the coins struck after his restora- tion. These coins were struck only at the Constantinople mint. There are no coins of Syracuse or Ravenna. In 705 Syracuse had been attacked by the Arabs and great spoils taken from it: from this time the issue of Sicilian coinage appears to have ceased, unless the * Provincial ' coinage just referred to (p. xxxiii) is to be regarded as Sicilian. The Ravenna mint ceased to coin in the reign of Leo III (a. d. 717-741).
Justinian 11 was put to death in 711 by the Armenian Bardanes, called Philippicus, who had induced the army to revolt and seize Con- stantinople. The little Tiberius, a child of about six years, was torn from the altar to which he clung for safety and brutally killed. Such was the pathetic end of the last representative of the great House of Heraclius, once the bulwark of the Empire against its Persian and Arab foes.
Philippicus, as Emperor, proved himself a mere man of pleasure, who
paid no attention to public affairs. He was dethroned in June, 713, as
the result of a conspiracy, and his eyes were put out-
' On the obverse of his coins Philippicus is repre-
^ -,, , J,« sented as holding in addition to the usual elobus Deo. 711-June 713. , , , ,^ . /t>i vtt n\ Ti. • x x-
an eagle-headed sceptre (Fl. XLI. 11). It is tempting
to connect the appearance of this sceptre with the story ^ that Philippicus had been banished by Tiberius HI .because of a dream in which Philippicus was seen with his head overshadowed by an eagle — an omen betokening future sovereignty. But on these coins Philippicus seems to be repre- sented as Conavl, this eagle-headed sceptre being a characteristic of the representations of Heraclius, Phocas, and their predecessors in their consular capacity: it is found also on the well-known consular diptychs.
The coins of this reign are chiefly of Constantinople, but the solidus (PI. XU. 14) described, in/raf ii, p. 359, No. 9, is undoubtedly Italian, and was apparently struck at the Roman mint. It must have been issued in the usual course immediately after the accession of the Emperor, for we know that as soon as it was ascertained at Rome that Philippicus was a heretic and a monothelite, there was a violent popular outbreak. The people refused to recognize his acts of sovereignty, and declined to use the solidi bearing his eflig}': — hisdem temporihvs cum statuisset popvXua Bcynianus nequaquaini haeretici Imperatoria nomen, aut chartas, vd Jiguram solidi svscipere.^ A new Duke of Rome sent by the Exarch
» Burj, Hist, ii, p. 357.
• Lib. Pontif., 174 ; Diehl, VExarchat de JRavenne, p. 362 ; Gregorovius, Rome, ii, pp. 208-212, Eng. trans. ; Wroth in Corolla Numismatica (1906), p. 331.
\
§ 2. ANASTASIUS II— LEO III xxxv
on behalf of PMlippicos was resisted by the former Duke, Christopher,
and expelled from the city.
Anastasiiis U, the successor of Fhilippicus, was overthrown in 716,
after a short reign, by the soldiers of the Theme . ^, . ^„ . ^,^-. ^
r^ n - * ., J 17 u ANASTASIUS II,
Qpsikion. As an orthodox Emperor he was - «,« • ^^J
1 J V iu 1 r T> u u J • X Jnne 713-Jan. 716.
weloomed by the people of Home who had just
rejected his predecessor, and his coins were struck at Rome as well as
at Constantinople. On the coins, his private name 'Artemius' appears
in coDJonction with his assumed Imperial name ' Anastasius '.
The place of Anastasius was taken by Theodosius III, an obscure commissioner of taxes, of Adramytium in Mysia, who under the stress of a great Saracen onslaught w wo wo ,
upon the Empire soon abdicated in favour of the '
distinguished general Leo, who was proclaimed on 25 March, 717.
Leo III, generally known in history as the Isaurian, though, as a native of Germanicia in Commagene, he was really a Syrian, was, Uke Heradius and Constantine IV, one of the heroic defendera of the Empire and Christendom against ^-EO III ^
the Moslem. From the great siege of Constantinople, ® isaunan ,
which took place in the first year of Leo's reign, ^
A.D. 717—718, the Saracens retired discomfited — with '
the great army of the Caliph decimated and his armada shattered. ^ The date 718 (says Bury) is really oecumenical ', and Leo is more important in history than Charles Martel.^ Under Leo and his House the Empire now begins to acquire that new vigour which, in the ninth and tenth centuries, was to animate its still more expansive life under the dynasty of Basil the Macedonian.
Leo was a great reformer. He reorganized the army, developed the system of the Themes,^ and devoted attention to finance. By the issue of his Edoga (a legal handbook written in Greek) and of military, agricultui-al, and maritime codes ^ ho rendered notable service to his subjects, to whom Roman law and the Latin language had ceased to be intelligible.*
The great iconoclastic movement — the centre of interest in this reign and in many succeeding reigns — was inaugurated by Leo III in 726 by
* Leo*8 decisive battle over the Saracens at Akroenos in 789 is also noteworthy : see W. M. Ramsay in Studies in hist, and art of the Eastern Provinces (1906), p. 288.
' On this subject, see, besides the well-known essay of Gelzer, Lombard, Constantin F, p. 82 f.; Diehl, in his Etudes hyz.^ pp. 276-292 ('Un trait caract^rise essentiellement le r^me des themes ; c^est la reunion entre les mains d*un m§me gouvemeur des poavoiis dvils et militaires,* p. 277).
' Leo's connexion with the two last-named codes is not, however, ascertained with certainty ; cp. Lombard, op. cit., p. 84 f.
* The coins, however, continue to bear Latin legends.
XXXVl
INTRODUCTION
his decree commanding the total abolition of images, but it concerns us here only in one of its minor manifestations — its influence on the Imperial coin-types. Ever since the time of Tiberius 11 Constantine, the reverse
type of the coins, whenever it was not a mere mark of value (M, i>, &c.), had consisted of a representation of the Cross. Towards the close of the seventh century Justinian II made an innovation by introducing two interesting heads of the Saviour, with a cross shown behind the head. Justinian's successor (Tiberius III) once more displayed the cross on his coins, but there can be little doubt that but for the reforming zeal now directed against both iconolatry and mariolatry, the experiment of Justinian 11 would have been repeated and improved on, and that those figures of the Saviour, of the Virgin, and the Saints, which are common on the later Byzantine coinage would have appeared much earlier and probably in greater variety.
On his coins Leo retained the cross, with the symbolism of which he had no quarrel, for we know that when the great image of Christ was removed from the Palace gateway — to the outrage of a popular feeling which (according to the point of view adopted) we may account either devout or superstitious — he caused a simple cross to be set up in its stead. Under his successor (Constantine V) the coinage becomes more secularized,^ and the ingenious device is adopted of placing the head of an Imperial personage on each side of the coin, instead of merely placing both the heads on the obverse and a religious device on the reverse. Constantine V is known to have set up in Constantinople many statues, in gold and silver, of himself, some of which, if Nicephorus* is to be trusted, occupied the site of images of the Saviour.
In 720 Leo III had crowned his infant son Constantine V (born 718). De Salis and others have denied the existence of any coins belonging to this joint rule, but certain pieces representing Constantine beardless and Leo bearded seem to have a good claim to fill the lacuna.^ The gold coinage of the Emperor Leo is fairly abundant, but his bronze, and still more the silver * money is now extremely rare and can never have been very plentiful. At Ravenna, only bronze pieces were struck, probably at the beginning of the reign ; but the coins that can be assigned to Rome and to the Central and South Italian class are fairly numerous. In what I am obliged to call vaguely the 'Provincial' class, there are solidi obviously modelled on the eai*lier products of the Carthage mint.
^ The Emperor, however, holds a cross, and the cross is the reverse type of the silver coins.
^ Cp. Lombard, op. cit., p. 101.
» Cp. vol. ii, p. 366, No. 8, infra.
* Finlaj (Hist.^ i, p. 450 ; cp. ii, p. 32) woald attribute silver coins usually given to Leo V, to Leo III in conjunction with Constantine V, but he has not examined the numismatic difficulties in his proposed arrangement.
§ 2. CONSTANTINE V xxxvii
Leo died in 741 and was succeeded by his son Constantino V, a good soldier and a vigorous and intelligent statesman, who has too long suffered in the eyes of posterity from being known coj^g^^^TINB V, inainly through the distorting medium of biosn:a- _ phers who were his tneological opponents/ Like _ ^- «
his father, he joined eagerly in the iconoclastic _. - - ' „„-
movement, with which (in the later part of his
leign) he coupled a crusade of his own against monasticism — undertaken probably quite as much on political and social as on religious grounds. He was successful in defending his frontiers, and beat back the Slavi tiie Saracen, and the Bulgai'ian. In Italy he fared less well, and the je&r751 is memorable for the taking of Bavenna by the Lombards under Aistulf and the overthrow of the Exarchate, which then passed by the donation of the Frank King Pepin to the Pope. In 773 Charlemagne destroyed the kingdom of the Lombards and sided with the Pope, Hadrian I, who was the jBrst successor of St. Peter to strike a coinage independently of the Emperor.
Constantine maintained the finances of the Empire in a flourishing condition,^ though we hear much of his brilliant court and costly larg^esses, and of public works, such as the restoration of the aqueduct of Valens. On both sides of his coins he continues the practice that long subsisted of representing the heads and figures of various members of the Imperial family. His coins retain the head of his father, Leo m, and in A. D. 751 he introduces the head and name of the newly-crowned * Leo the younger *, ie. Leo IV, his son by Irene, daughter of the Chagan of the Khazars.
At Constantinople, in addition to the gold and silver money, there is a fairly plentiful issue of bronze, most of which is dated in the thirtieih year of his reign = 749/50 a. d. The custom of dating the bronze coinage had fallen into desuetude, and it is doubtful if it was revived in later reigns.^ The coinage of the 'Provincial' class is also abundant, and the bronze coins with the title A€CTT[OTHC] are well struck.^ The coinage of Ravenna had long since dwindled down to the issue of a few bronze pieces, and had apparently come to an end even before the Lombard conquest of a.d. 751. The Imperial coinage struck at BoiCE, on the other hand, is somewhat important, in spite of the inauguration (already referred to) of a purely Papal currency and of the break between Pope and Emperor, which practically dates from eirc. 756. What we have called the Central and South Italian class eeases to be of importance after the death of Constantine Y, though Kaples and Calabria and Sicily still adhered to the Empire.
' See A. Lombard, Constantin F, Paris, 1902 ; especially chap, ii, ' La l^gende de Coiutantin V/
* Lombard, op. eit., p. 101. • See t«/m, § 6, under ' Dates.*
* On the use of d€a'ir6Tijs, see p. xl n., infra.
^ I
xxxviii INTRODUCTION
The earlier part of the reign of Constantine V was disturbed by the rising of Artavasdes, the son-in-law of Leo III, who seized the capital and assumed the Imperial crown, which he also shared with his son Nioephorus. Both father •wTOTP-PTTo-RTTfl ^^^ ®^^ "WQTQ capturcd crc long and blinded by -*- * -.^o' Constantine, but the coins figured in PL XLV exist 27 June, 742? • i r xu • • tp- i^ • ^i
_ A as rare memorials of their reign. Fig. 16 is a neatly-
engraved solidus of Constantinople^ but Figs. 18 and 19 are of the Boman mint, and are closely modelled on the Roman solidi of the previous reign (Leo III jointly with Constantine V). The strange conjunction, in the case of Fig. 18, of Artavasdes with his rival Constantine V is perhaps due to nothing more than the error of an engraver, who more or less mechanically copied the reverse of a solidus of Leo ni and Constantine V,^
Leo IV (niclmamed the Khazar), who had ruled jointly with his father Constantine V since A.D. 751, became sole ruler on Constantine's
,„^ , death in 775. His health was weak, and special
LEO IV, X 1 X u • 8 i.
^_ _ measures were taken to secure the succession^ to
the Ehazab, ^ . ^^-. - , , T 1 1 M'o ^
14 8 t 77S Constantino VI, his son by Irene, the beautiful
-8 Sg t ' 780 Athenian. On 24 April, 776, this son, a child of
with his son *^l>out six, was crowned at Constantinople, the gover-
CONSTANTINB VI ^^^ ^^ *'^^ thcmes and all classes of the citis&ens
from 24 April 776. ^*^^^g already sworn allegiance to him. Constantine
VI is associated with his father on all the coins
issued by Leo IV, and appears on the solidi, e.g. PI. XLV. 21, as his
throne-fellow. The figures are of nearly equal size and height, but the
chubby face of the child-Emperor is quaintly contrasted with the father's
conventional oval visage and ' beard of formal cut '.
The gold and bronze money of this reign further displays the heads of Leo in and Constantine V, identified by the coin- legends as the ' grandfather ' and ' father ' of Leo IV.
On the death of Leo IV, 8 Sept. 780, the boy Constantine VI and his mother Irene began their joint reign. The whole soul of Irene vrsa
possessed by ambition, but it was the ambition
CONSTANTINE VI J^^ yj^j^y j^jy remarks) of reigning alone, not
and IBBNB, ^j. reigning well. It was not, indeed, till 790,
^ ' when Constantine was about twenty, that he tried
—15 Auff 707
* ' to break loose from his mother's control. Irene
15 A 797 ^^^ ^^^^ deposed by the soldiers, and her favouiiteB
-31 Oct! 802 ^^^ dismissed, though in Jan. 792 she was again
i*estored by Constantine to her old position.
^ It may be noted that there are some Papal documents dated by the yeais of Artavasdes.
* Bury, Hist, ii, p. 478.
§ 2. CONSTANTINE VI— IRENE xsxix
The rule of Constantine and his mother lasted till 797 when, on Aug. 15, Irene caused her son to be deposed and blinded. She then niled— the sole occupant of the throne and. the last representative of die *Isaurian' dynasty — ^for about five years, until in 802 (31 Oct.) she was herself deposed by Nicephorus, her treasurer, and finally died in banishment in Lesbos.
On the coins of the joint reign, the heads of the two rulers are always AEsociated. In the case of the gold coins of her sole reign the Empress tdopts the unusual practice of placing her own bust on the reverse as well as on the obverse (PL XLVI. 10). She appears in a robe embroidered, like the consular dress of the Emperors, with a lozenge pattern and holds a erueifoi-m sceptre and the globus ; but the portrait is highly conventional, and does not materially differ from the portrait of her son. The bronze coins of Irene and, no doubt, some of her gold pieces were probably employed for the {mar^ta or consular donative which Irene liberally distributed to the people on the Easter Monday (1 April) of 799, the day on which she went in procession from the Church of the Apostles to the palace.^ This procession, we are told, was carried out with unnaual pomp. * The Roman world (says Gibbon) bowed to the govern- ment of a female ; and, as she moved through the streets of Constantinople, the reins of four milk-white steeds were held by as many patricians, who marched on foot before the golden chariot of their queen.'
In style and types the coinage of Constantine and Irene follows the stereotyped model of the earlier ' Isaurian ' rulers, i. e. it displays only Imperial busts and figures.^ Yet a new departure in coin-decoration might well have been expected from Irene, for she reversed the policy of her iconoclastic predecessors, and at the Seventh Oecumenical Council, held (at Nicaea) in 787, the figure of the holy cross and holy images (especially figures of Christ, the Virgin, angels and holy men) were de- elared to be lawful in stone or any other material, inasmuch as they stimulated those who beheld them to think of the originals.
The annals of the two reigns include disastrous campaigns against the Bulgarians, and the payment to the Arabs of a great tribute of gold pieees to purchase peace for Asia Minor.^ But the most remarkable event of Irene's reign took place on the Christmas Day of 800, when the Pope (Leo in) crowned Charles the Great, King of the Franks, as Roman Emperor. The allegiance of successive Popes to the Imperial throne had
* *P»+o(ro vvarfiav iv rjj /uarf ^oXX^v, Cedr., vol. ii, p. 28, ed. Bonn. Coins were liberally distributed on the occasion of a coronation— three gold solid!, three silver coins aad three ' obols * in purses (firuc6fi0ia), or there were distributions of vofuafmra (aolidt) : cp. Codin., De ojf., cap. 17, p. 88, Bonn ; ib., p. 98 ; cp. Comm. in Codin., pp. 355, 856, vwanla of semisses, tremisses and newly-struck solidi.
' Except the silver coinage, of which the cross potent long remained the usual type.
' Haroun-er-Rashid was Caliph in a.d. 786.
xl INTRODUCTION
long been weakening. Now came the absolute and final breach, and we have henceforth to deal mainly with an eastern, as distinct from a western, Boman Empire.
It is probably significant that there are, apparently, no Imperial coins struck at the mint of Bome under Constantine V,^ the scourge of monks and image- worshippers, nor are any found under Constantine VI and Irene, though (in 785) these rulers were gratefully hailed by the Pope as a new Constantine the Great and a new Helena.
Nicephorus, Irene's successor, reigned alone till Dec. 803, when he
crowned his son Stauracius. On the solid! of his sole reign he ha,d
restored the cross potent as the reverse type, but the
' solid! of the joint reign display an Imperial head
on each side, after the model of his iconocl^ic
* predecessors. On these latter coins Nicephorus has
/, . X the title of Baa-iXevSi his son being described as
(his son), j> . 2
Dec, 803 S^^^^OTTi,,^ -2 Oct 811 ^^® ex-treasurer turned his attention chiefly to
finance. He imposed new taxes and tributes but practised a well-judged economy as a set-off to the extravagance of his predecessor. In this reign Haroun-er-Bashid again overran Asia Minor, and was again bought off by an indemnity. But the most interesting political event is the treaty of Nicephorus (a. d. 803) with Charlemagne, defining the limits of the eastern and western Empires. The authority of Charlemagne over Bome, the Exarchate of Bavenna, and the Pentapolis was acknowledged by Nicephorus^ while at the same time the western Emperor admitted the supremacy of his eastern * brother * over the maritime parts of Dalmatia and the south of Italy.
The cessation of the (eastern) Imperial coinage at Bome has already been noticed, but we still find under Nicephorus and in a few subsequent reigns solidi of Italian origin bearing Imperial types. These pieces have a quasi-barbarous appearance, and are of base gold, or electrum, but they presumably represent a currency issued for the use of Byzantine subjects in the south of Italy.^ Nicephorus was killed during a campaign in Bulgaria on 26 July, 811; Stauracius then reigned till October 2, when he was deposed by Michael I, Bhangabe, the husband of his sister Procopia.
^ At least of his sole reign.
* AcflnroTiys had already first appeared on the * Provincial * bronze of Leo III, where it is applied to Leo himself and to his son Constantine V. Again, on the corresponding coins of Constantine Y, it is applied to the deceased Emperor Leo III and to the reigning Emperor Constantine Y. On the coins of Nicephorus I, dc orr^f has more the sense of * Piince ', * heir-apparent ', and is applied to the Emperor's son, while ^<u^^>«w 18 reserved for the father.
' Cp. p. xxxii, suptn.
5 2. MICHAEL I— LEO V— MICHAEL H
xli
MICHAEL I,
2 Oct. 811
-11 July, 813
and
THBOFHTIiAOTXTB,
26 Dec. 8U
-11 July, 818.
LBO V,
the Armenian,
11 July, 813
-25 Dec. 820.
CONSTANTOnB
(his son),
25 Dec. 813
-25 Dec. 820.
A few months after his accession Michael crowned his son Theophylactus, who appears with him on the coins. But Michael's ineompetent conduct of the Bulgarian war led to the deposition of both father and son, after about two years' rule (813). Michael, although, like Irene, a supporter of the image-worshippers, made no change in the types of the coinage : the head of Christ which Sabaiier ajid others have described as appearing (m his solidi clearly belongs to the coinage of SGchael ni.^
Leo Y, the Armenian, the competent officer who had been chosen by &e army to replace the weak Michael I, drove back the Bulgarians when they appeared before Constanti- Dople, and after the death of Krum (815), their formidable ruler, concluded a thirty years' peace with King Omortag.
Leo r^tored the discipline of the army, purified the civil administration, and enforced a stricter dis- pensation of justice. But the trimming policy of the 'Chameleon' (as he was called) on the image- eontroversy pleased nobody, and at last the Council of 815 re-established the Acts of the Council (754) of Constantino V ordering the removal of images and pictures.
Leo's coins are of the usual character, and on nearly all he is associated with his son Constantino. He met his death in his own chapel on Christmas Day, 820, at the hands of conspirators who proclaimed the distinguished general Michael of Amorium his successor, and banished ^onstantine to a monastery.
£arly in his reign Michael 11 crowned his son Theophilus, and all the known coins appear to have been issued in their joint names.^ Michael died a natural death in Oct. 829, but his reign had been marked by many disasters.^ Crete was lost to the Arabs in 826, and held by them till an Eastern Emperor (Kicephorus Phocas) long after (961) recovered it; Sicily, often attacked in the eighth century, was now agun invaded by the Arabs (827), who began gradually to settle there, with Palermo as their chief military centre, though the conquest was not completed till 878, in the reign of Basil L
MICHAEL II,
25 Deo. 820
-Oct. 829, and
ThxsofhuiXTB
(his son), 821?- Oct. 829.
' See note, in/>ti, ii, p. 405.
* See notes, infra, ii, pp. 414, 416, on Michael II, and Brooks in B. Z., 1901, p. 540 f. 48 to the coronation of Theophilus.
' Thomas the Slavonian, in the course of his remarkable rebellion, 822-Oct. 824, was 4:T0wiied at Antiocb, but there is no evidence that he struck coins.
I f
xUi INTRODUCTION
Theophilus was an iconoclast of a rather violent type, but some sympathy
may be felt with his passion for building, and his taste for the acquisition
of gems and embroidery, and all the productions of
' goldsmith and silversmith. The famous golden tree 3 Oct 829 • •
with its (mechanically) roaring lions and its melodious
* * birds was an elaborate toy in which he delighted.
More important was his reconstruction and improve-
, . ., * ment of the sea-waDs of the capital, and his pride in
Michael IH ^^^^ useful undertaking is proclaimed with unexampled
(born 830). frequency by inscriptions on the walls.^ Theophilus
was unfortunate in his wars with the Saracens, and
lost Amorium, his family city, to the Caliph Motassem. In this reign
the coinage that we have attributed to the South Italian possessions of
the Eastern Empire apparently comes to an end. The 'Provincial'
coinage ceases in the next reign but one, i.e. under Basil I.
Some space ought here to be devoted to discussing the family history
of Theophilus in connexion with the coins. The wife of Theophilus was
Theodora, ' the Paphlagonian \ and legend, wearing only, it is to be feared,
the mask of history, declares that he chose her (as Paris chose the loveliest
goddess) by presenting her — one among many fair competitors — with
a golden apple. The marriage (however brought about) probably took
place in a.d. 821,^ during the lifetime of his father Micha;el IL There were
several children of this union whose names occur on coins in conjunction
with Theophilus, and these coins may be classified as follows : —
1. With the head of Theophilus alone.
2. Heads of Theophilus and Theodora and their three daughters (all otherwise known), Theda, Anna and Anastasia (PL XLVIIL 14).^
3. Theophilus in conjunction with a ' Michael ' (always bearded) and a 'Constantine ' (always beardless).
4. Theophilus and Constantino (the latter, beardless). 6. Theophilus and a beardless 'Michael.'
Of these series, No. 2 (PI. XLVIIL 14) is, in many ways, the most interesting and important. This coin can hardly have been struck during the lifetime of Michael 11 (with whom Theophilus was then associated es 'prince'), because Michael II (Emperor) finds no place upon it. The earliest possible date of its issue must therefore be Oct. 829, when Theophilus became Emperor after his father's death. From the fact that only the female household of Theophilus is represented thereon, it may be
1 Van Millingen, Byz. Const. (Walla), pp. 182, 183.
» Brooke in B. Z,, x (1901), p. 540 f.
' Maiy, another female relation of Theophilus is sometimes supposed (Brooks in B, Z., z, p. 544) to have been his eldest daughter; by others (E. K. in B. Z.y xi (1902), p. 256j to have been his sister. She does not figure on the coins. There is also a Pulcheria named as the daughter of Theophilus. She is likewise absent from the coins.
§ 2. THEOPHILUS xliii
fwrly assumed— as Schlumberger has suggested ^ — that at the time when the eoin wafi struck Theophilus and his wife had not been favoured with male offspring. Yet Theophilus had son& The young Constantine on Nos. 3 and 4 in our list, tiiough often said to be * unknown to history ' IB evidently the ' Constantine, son of Theophilus/ of whom there is a bare mention in the De Cerimoniia^
The bearded Michael on No. 3 has been sometimes assumed to be a son (otherwise unknown) of Theophilus. As he is represented bearded, his birih would have to be placed soon after the marriage of Theophilus (a.d. 821). But from our argument about the * family' coin (No. 2), it TesultB that Theophilus had no male children till after circ. 829. lliis bearded Michael, therefore^ was probably not the son of Theophilus, nor do we know that he was his brother. I fall back, then, on the simple hypotiiesis that he is Michael II, the deceased father of Theophilus, who is placed on the coin (as was the practice under the Isaurian dynasty) in commemoration, and perhaps also to range symmetrically with previous types. It is, indeed, noticeable that this bearded Michael only appears as one of the family group of three, and not alone with Theophilus, as does the young Constantine (No. 4).
The beardless Michael (No. 5) is clearly the well-known son of llieophilus who became Michael III, and earned the unenviable nickname of 'the Drunkard'. He was bom late in his father's reign (a. D. 839), and was only three when Theophilus died.
The course of events I suppose to have been as follows. At the time of his accession in 829, Theophilus had no sons. For a time he reigned alone, but in a year or two {circ. 882 ?) ^ a son Constantine was bom, and was associated in the Empire. This son died, or was displaced, probably in or before 889, when Michael (lU) came into existence, Michael being crowned in 840 and associated with Theophilus on the coins.
In the coinage some innovations were made by Theophilus. He restored the cross (now the patriarchal cross) on some specimens, and 0&ihe/oZ£e8,anin&cription— inthiscasee€OFIL€ AV^OVSTE SV hICAS—
takes the place of the familiar mark of value M.^ He also introduces on coins the legend Kvpie PorjOei t& <r& 8ov\<p so familiar on Byzantine seals and other monuments.' On some of his coins Theophilus describes himself and his son Constantine as the SovXoi of Christ : Justinian 11, on his solidi, had called himself Servus ChrktL
' Melanges d*arch. hyz., i, p. 141 f.
* Const Porph., De Cerim,, ii, 42 = vol. i, p. 645, ed. Bonn :— ercpov Xapvaxiov npcurtvov^ fV 4 a»6KtiTat K^parcarrivos 6 vl^s 6(o^ov. The difficulty naturally found by Mr. E. W. Brooki (who cites this passage, u. s.) as to Constantine being sometimes bearded is caused only by a mistake of Sabatier*s : Constantine is always beardless on the coins.
' Cp. Brooks, loc. cit, p. 544.
* This mark of value is continued only on the * Provincial * bronze.
* Schlumberger, SigiUographie, pp. 29-35, 42, 43, &c.
xUv INTRODUCTION
Theophilus died in Jan. 842, leaving his child Michael III to the
care of his widow Theodora, who proved a prudent and economical regent.
At the opening of the reign solidi were issued with
MICHAEL in, ^^^ ^^^ ^f Theodora (styled -D€SPVhA) on one side,
Drunkara ^^^ ^^ ^^^ other the little Emperor and his sister
20 Jan. 842 rpj^^^ ^^^^^ ^ * Augusta* (PL XLIX. 14). On a
" ' solidus struck when the Emperor was a few years
. . older, the busts only of Michael and Theodora appear,
Th hil ) ^^^ *^® reverse presents the head of the Saviour resent till 856 ^^'* XLIX. 16). The reappearance of this last-named type is clearly due to the action of Theodora, who restored the worship of images, and brought the great controversy to an end by the overthrow of the iconoclasts. The divine image had been first introduced by Justinian II, A. d. 685-695, but was not destined to reappear on the coins till the reign of Michael III. There can be little doubt that it is reproduced from one of the old coins of Justinian 11 (PI. XXXVIII. 16), though the encircling legend is somewhat altered. The sacred head is not nimbate, but the cross is seen behind it.^
In 856 Theodora retii-ed from the regency, and her daughter Thecla and the two daughters Anastasia and Anna, who once figured on a coin of Theophilus (PI. XLVIII. 14), were at this time, or earlier, banished to a monastery.
Michael himself had grown up dissolute and sottish; he plunged eagerly into the contests of the Hippodrome, and lived on familiar terms with the charioteers: with his boon companions he mimicked the sacred rites of the church and the solemn religious processions.
A noteworthy incident in this reign is the appearance in the Bosporus of a new enemy, the Russians, who attacked Constantinople (a. d. 860), though they were finally driven o£ It has already been stated that the ' Provincial ' coinage comes to an end in the ninth century (reign of Basil I), but a mint for several centuries doimant, that of Cherson in the Crimea, now displays some activity. Its coins are all of bronze, and are of very rude workmanship and design. This important commercial centre had been, from the time of Justinian II till the reign of Theophilus, governed by a president, npmTeijmv or TrpcDTonoXiTi]?, and a council of senators. Theophilus had in a.d. 833 sent thither a strategoa, and an Imperial officer of this name thenceforward ruled there, with the nfrnT^imv and senate in subordination.^
^ A aimilar head of Christ appears on a nog of Basil, the great chamberlain (iropoicoftfMo/ifvoff), who is in all probability identical with Basil (I), afterwards the colleague of Michael 111 : Schlumbeiger, Melanges d'afxh. byz., i, p. 39 f. Cf. Cabroli Diet,f 8. ▼. Anneanx, p. 207.
" Schlumberger, Sigil,, p. 235 ; Bury, Hist.y ii, p. 357 ; Koehne, Mua, Kotschoubey, i, p. 200 f.
§ 2. MICHAEL m— BASIL I xlv
The end of the worthless Michael came on 23 Sept. 867 when, 4n the hour of mtoxication and sleep/ he was murdered at the instigation of his familiar companion, the grand chamberlain Basil (I), whom he had associated with himself in the Empire since May, 866.
Basil, the groom and horse-tamer, who had risen to be a high court
official and co-emperor, was the founder of the great Macedonian dynasty
which was destined to rule the Eastern Empire for -daott
nearly two centuries. Though not himself a great ^^ „ ^ \
ij- i? 1* u r i. J the Macedonian,
soldier or a man of culture, he was of acute and qa a^ ♦ 0^7
vigorous intelligence ; he recognized the immense ^^o ATiff aqr
opportunities of his position, and possessed the useful
kingly art of choosing his agents wisely. He was a great builder and
i^torer of chm-ches. He improved the navy ; revived in his handbook
(the irp6x€ipo9 ySfios), and in the Basilicaj planned by himself and com-
jdeted by Leo YI and Constantine YII, the neglected laws and law-books
of Justinian, and — a hardly less useful service — strove to regulate the
public expenditure and to lessen the grievous burden of taxation.
By the fall of Syracuse in 878 Sicily was finally won by the Arabs, but a compensation to the Empire may be said to have been found in the Imperial successes in southern Italy. In 875 Bari had surrendered and became the military centre of the eastern Empire in the west. The Arabs were driven out of Calabria, and the new theme of Longobardia was formed. These successes had, however, no influence on the coinage, and the 'Provincial' issues^ cease to be struck after this reign, having dwindled down to little more than a currency of bronze. But the appearance is now to be noted at Naples of local coins bearing the name of the Emperor BasiL^ The rude bronze of Cherson remained the solitary example of a currency issued beyond the walls of the Capital.
The Constantinopolitan money of Basil I is fairly abundant and neatly executed. Attention was evidently paid to the regular issue of the bronze currency, though cases of restriking occur. On the reverse of the solidus, which Basil must have struck about the time of his coronation, he introduces for the first time the figure of the Saviour erUkraned ('lesus Christus, rex regnantium '), whose head had already appeared on the money of Michael IH.^ His sons Constantine, Leo VI, and Alexander, all appear on the coins in association with their father, and there is an interesting solidus (PL L. 13) of Basil with Constantine (his son by his first wife Maria) and Eudocia, Basil's second wife. Such Hamily groups were represented in mosaic on the walls of the palace
' The provenance of some specimens snggests that they may have circulated in SicOy and Italy.
' Engel and Serrure, TraiU^ i, p. 295 ; Eev. Num., xiv, p. 245.
' The head of Christ is also found on the exception&l four-solidus piece of Basil I (PL L 10).
xlvi INTRODUCTION
of Bajail, and are found in the Paris MS. of the Homilies of Gregory of Nazianzus.^
Basil died on 29 Aug. 886, from an injury received while engaged
in his favourite pastime of hunting. He was succeeded by Leo VI, the
Wise, who passed as his son, though geneittUy supposed
. ' to be the son of Michael III by Eudocia Ingerina,
' who had been the mistress of Michael before she became
-J^' the wife of Basil I. Leo's long reign and that of his
' ' son Constantino VII, Porphyrogenitus (died 959), carry
us onward far into the tenth century. Leo and Constantino were not
men of sti*ong character or great rulei*8, but most scholars feel a kindness
for these literary Emperors — punctilious and pedantic though they were —
to whom we owe the Tdctica^ the De Cerimoniia, and the De administrando
Imperio.'^ The writers themselves, like other encyclopaedic compilers of
their age had, no doubt, something more than a literary aim, namely,
the desire of rendering the wisdom and experience of the past practically
useful to their contemporaries — of producing in fact some Koiyoixf>€\h
The administration of Leo was lax and incapable, and this Emperor, as Finlay has remarked, typified a bad feature of Conservatism — its ' idle spirit'. In some respects he much resembles Hhe British Solomon', James I. If the army, as one may judge from the Tactica, was well organized and well officered, the military history of the reign is a record of disaster. Bari, in South Italy, was lost, at least temporarily, to the Langobards of Beneventum ; Thessalonica, the second city of the Empire, was captured by the Saracens (904), and the invasion of Bulgaiia, then ruled by a powerful king, Symeon, was unsuccessful. The Islamite pirates of the Aegean still continued a scourge of the Empire. Yet the Empire, as a whole, was not materially affected, and in the east the Empire of the Caliphs was breaking up, just as the Empire of Charles the Great had broken up in the west. The Bulgarians were being converted to Christianity and were settling down. One characteristic feature of the period of the Macedonian dynasty is the growth, in the provinces, of powerful families and theii* mutual strife, which tended to the weakening of the thi'one.
Basil I had died, leaving his sceptre to his sons Leo VI and Alexander, who had already been crowned in his reign. Little brotherly love subsisted
' Bayet, VArt hyz,, p. 156 (ed. 3).
* The Taetica is doubtless of the reign of Leo VI, if not actually from his own pen. See Mitard in B. Z., xii (1903), p. 585 ; Bury's Gibbon, vi, p. 515 f., citing Oman's Art of War, Some writers (cp. Erumbacher, Byz. Lit.y pp. 636, 721) had assigned the work to Leo III, the Isaurian. Cp. Neumann, Weltstellung (French trans., p. 51 n.).
' On this treatise. Bury in B. Z., 1906, p. 517 f.
* C. Neumann, WeltsteUung, &c., French trans., p. 23.
§ 2. LEO VI— ALEXANDER xlvii
between them,^ and Alexander, a mere lover of pleasure without kingly- tastes or habitudes, naturally fell into the background. The names of the two brothers are found at times conjoined in lapidary inscriptions as late as A. D. 904, but it has been thought ' that after some years Leo practically reigned alone. It does not seem likely, however, that Alexander was ever formally displaced, for he was assigned by Leo as the guardian of his young son Constantino YII, and he himself for a time struck coins as sole ruler (PL LII. 1).
Turning to the coinage of Leo's period, we find Leo and Alexander associ&ted only on the bronze money, but we have coins of Leo aJone strack in gold, silver, and bronze. Sp. Lambros has supposed that the ccoDs with the name of Leo aJone were struck subsequent to A. d. 904, bat an examination of the whole series (see infra^ p. 448 f.) suggests, thou^ not very strongly^ that Leo's ' sole ' coins belong to the beginning and middle rather than to the end of his reign. As the predominant partner Leo may have thought it sufficient, as a general rule, to place his sole name on the coinage, and the absence of the name of Alexander need not perhaps necessarily imply that he was not, at least nominally, eo-emperor at the time.
Leo's coins follow the model of his predecessor Basil I, but he introduces (PI. LI. 8) a new and important type — ^the Virgin (HAKIA. This type is a bust of the Virgin orans, and it is interesting to compare with it the ivory in the Berlin Museum, whereon the Blessed Virgin is represented as crowning the Emperor Leo.^
In 911 Leo crowned Constantino VII, his son by his fourth wife Zoe, and the young Emperor is portrayed on the solidi then struck — a tall, slim figure, almost equal in height to his father, though he was but six years old (PI. LI. 9). This is an instructive instance of the conventionality of the coin-types when representing the younger members of the Imperial family.
Leo VI died on 11 May, 912, and was succeeded by his brother Alexander, the guardian of the young Constantino VIL It seems likely that Alexander, during his yearns reign, struck coins in axexattder all three metals, but the only extant pieces are some -_ '
laie solidi of Constantinople and rare bronze of the _g June' 913 Cherson mint. On these coins the existence of Con- stantine VII is ignored, and on the solidus Alexander puts himself under the protection of a saint, no doubt his namesakci St. Alexander, who is represented placing the Imperial crown on his head (PL LII. 1). This
* Vita Euihymii, cap. i, 16 ; xi, 5, ed. C. De Boor.
" Sp. Lambros in B, Z., iv (1895), p. 92 f.
' W. Yoga, Bilder der christl. Epoch. (Berlin Mus.), Elfenheinhildwerkey PL 4, No. 7. Scfalamberger, MHanges tParch. hyz.^ i, p. Ill f. and additions at end of that volume. On the Virgin orans see further, § 4, period IV, infra.
xlviii INTRODUCTION
type of a saint, or, more often, the Saviour or the Virgin, bestowing the crown upon Imperial personages becomes sufficiently common on coins and other monuments in later times, and on the solidus of Romanus I, struck drc. A. D. 927, we find Romanus crowned by the Saviour (PL LIII. 2), as Alexander was by St. Alexander.
We pass on to the long reign of Constantine
OONSTANTINB VII, VII, Porphyrogenitus. For the first six years
POBPHTBOGBNITUS, after the death of his guardian Alexander, Con-
e June, 013 stantine was under the tutelage of his mother
-15 (?) Nov. 059. 2oe and other regents, and the coins are issued
in the name of mother and son.
During the next period, from A. d. 919 to 944, Constantine still remains
in the background, and new co-emperors come forward to share his
honours. The ruling spirit is Romanus I, Lecapenus
' (father of Constantino's wife Helena), who was crowned
T«Tnf! A IPTnTTTTH
_ , ' Emperor at the end of 919. Prof. Bury has remarked^ 17 Dec 910
' Q4.4. ^^^^ Romanus has been unjustly represented as a man
of weak character. In foreign politics and war he was
successful, and by his important law of 935 he attempted to stop the
growth of enormous estates in Asia Minor, and their pernicious absorption
of the small agricultural farmers.
In 921 Christopher (died 931), the son of Romanus I, was crowned co-emperor, and in 924 the two yoimger sons of Romanus, namely Stephen and Constantine, were likewise raised to Imperial rank. We possess coins of all these rulers: on some pieces, Constantine VII takes a secondary position ; on others, he does not appear.
Romanus I was deposed by his sons Stephen and Constantine, 16 Dec. 944, but they were themselves shortly afterwards (27 Jan. 945) banished to the island-monastery to which they had consigned their father. 'Old Romanus (to quote Qibbon*s version of his authority) met them on the beach with a sarcastic smile, and after a just reproach of their folly and ingratitude, presented his Imperial colleagues with an equal share of his water and vegetable diet.'
Constantine VII was at last independent. For about two months he reigned alone, and at this time doubtless issued the solidus and the numerous bronze coins which show his head beai*ded (PI. LIII. 7). It is interesting to observe that nearly all these last-named pieces are struck on the bronze money of Romanus I, which had probably been hastily called in and put out of circulation. In April 945 Constantine crowned his son Romanus II, and placed his head on the coins.
Constantine was among the kings who reign but do not rule; yet his mild manners and the absence of great disasters under his government
^ Bury's Gibbon, v, p. 209 ; cp. p. 215 n.
§ 2. KOMANUS II— NICEPHORUS II xlix
endeared him to his subjects. As a man of cultivation, as author^ painter, uehitect, connoisseur and patron of the arts, he stands conspicuous among Byzantine emperors.^ He died in Nov. 959, and was succeeded
by Bomanus 11, the son for whose behoof he had
vnittett the De adminutrando Imperio^ very much as ^ •
Lord Chesterfield wrote his Letters to his son, Bomanus, ^f^ jL^^I' ^" like Piiilip Stanhope, proved a disappointing pupil. '
He grew up indeed handsome and fascinating, but, as Emperor, had odIj the interests of a man of pleasure. It is strange that we seem to have no coins of his reign ' beyond the trivial currency of Cherson. He died at the age of twenty-four, leaving his wife, the tHBOPHAKO beaatifal but unscrupulous Theophano, regent for his / . . ^
young sons Basil 11 and Constantino VIII.* Bomanus II)
This regency lasted a few months only, till ^^^^^ ^^ j^^ 16 Ang. 963, when Nioephorus H, Phocas, the most ^^js Aug. 968 fstingoished soldier of his time, became Emperor, i&d in the following month married Theophano, of whom he was deeply aamonied. The young Emperors, Basil and Constantino, though necessarily kept in the background, were not ousted from their ■M-rr^^iT*^.^^^.- »» pontoon. On the corns, Nioephorus appears alone, Phocab
exeept in the case of the solidus, PL LIV. 4, ^^ j^ ^^^
whereon he is represented with Basil H ; and this _jq P^ ^^^ pieee we may conjecture to have been struck
immediately after his accession, in order to show that he was the guardian, not the Bupplanter, of the young Emperors. On the solid! with his sole name the bust of Nioephorus is associated with the effigy of the Virgin.
Under Nioephorus 11 and his great successors, John Zimisces and Bttil n, the Empire reached the zenith of its military glory. Already under Romanus 11 Nioephorus had recovered (a.d. 961) for the Empire the island of Crete, which had been so long the stronghold of the Saracen C0T8U1& In 962 he had been victorious over the Saracens in Cilicia, and taken Aleppo from its Emir Sayf-al-dawla, the redoubtable Hamdanid dynast Further suoeessful campaigns in Cilicia and northern Syria followed kter, leading up to the capture in 969 of the great city of Antioch, which was henceforth to remain, almost continuously, in the hands of the Imperialists for more than a century. In 965 the fleet under Niketas had recovered Cyprus from the Saracens.
The great military services of Nicephorus had made him popular at the time of his accession, but his religious policy alienated ecclesiastic
* Bamband, V Empire grec au dianhne siide — Ckmstantin ForphyroginHe ; Bayet, Vart ^.p. 117 f. ; A. van Milliogen, Bye, Const. (The Walls), p. 112.
* See infra, p. 468.
' If the bronze coin that has been described (cp. infra, p. 470) as bearing the name 0' Theophano is correctly read, it probably belongs to the period of her regency.
I g
1 INTRODUCTION
and monk,^ and the imposition of taxation, necessitated by a succession of important campaigns, aroused the discontent of the laity. Cedrenus ^ and Zonaras ^ tell us that he tampered with the coinage, and issued two kinds of vojitajiaTa (solidi); one^ of the usual weight and fineness, in which payment of taxes had to be discharged; another, of diminished weight, which had to be accepted in payments made by the Treasury. The latter coin is stated to have been called T€TapTfjp6i/ or reTaprcpoi/. This was probably not its official denomination, but its popular nickname — as if we were to speak of a debased English sovereign as a crovm (i. e. five- shilling piece). It is further stated that the Emperor refused acceptance, except at a discount, of the solidi of his predecessors.
Now with respect to the debasement of the coinage, it is important to observe that the extant uo/iia-iiaTa of Nicephorus are of the usual weight and, so far as is known, of the ordinary fineness. There is thus no evidence to support the statement that the Emperor issued base money. Suspicions to the effect that the solidus was only a quartet of what it purported to be may have been rife among the subjects of Nicephorus at a period when he was unpopular and when — during a time of famine — he, or his brothei- Leo Fhocas, was suspected of buying up com to seU it at an enhanced price, and the historians may have confounded suspicion with fact.* The whole story of debasement and of the issue of more than one kind of yo/iKr/ia has probably been antedated, for it would be true of some of the successors of Nicephorus.^
The end of the great soldier, and stem, ascetic ruler was tragic. On a December night of the year 969, as he slept alone on a tiger's skin spread in a comer of his palace, he was attacked by a band of assassins and murdered. The chief conspirator was another distinguished general, John Zimisces, the Armenian, and the Empress Theophano, who had become his lover, was privy to the act
Zimisces was at once proclaimed Emperor by his friends, but as the
price of his consecration in St. Sophia's he had to promise the Patriarch
T *^ repeal the ecclesiastical legislation of his predecessor,
ZiMiscisa ^^^ ^^ banish the guilty Theophano. This remarkable
11 Deo 969 8^'^®r, who is described as short of stature but of
-10 Jan 976 ff^^^^ bodily strength and beauty, carried on the work
of Nicephorus in the East, and his campaigns of
974 and 975 justified his own boast that 'all Phoenicia, Palestine, and
^ He forbade the building and endowment of new monasteries and required ecclesiastical appointments to be sanctioned by the Emperor. « Vol. ii, p. 369, ed. Bonn. ' Vol. iii, p. 507, ed. Bonn.
* Cp. Paparrigopoulos, Hist, du peuple grec, iv, 151-153, cited by Schlumbeiger, Un Emp. hyz., p. 539.
* Of his namesake Nicephorus III, Botaniates, for instance. Gp. also the statement of Zonaras (zviii, 22) about Alexius I, cited infra, p. Ixii.
§ 2. JOHN I— ANONYMOUS BRONZE li
Syria were deliYered from the tyranny of the Unbelievers and had become obedient to the Romans'. But his great service to the Empire was his eomplete overthrowing of the Russians who, under Sviatoslav, had invaded Bulgaria, and were threatening Constantinople itself. As a further result of tiiis Bulgarian war (a. d. 970-972), Bulgaria — or, rather, the Eadem kingdom of Bulgaria — was annexed to the Empire, and the Imperial frontier was once more extended to the Danube. The marriage (in 972) of Theophano the younger^ (daughter of Romanus 11 and Theophano) to Otto (11), son of the Emperor Otto I, brought the Eastern Empire, in this reign, into intimate relations with the Western*
John had been proclaimed as guardian of the two young co-emperors, Basil n and Constantine Vm (sons of Romanus II), but their names do not appear upon the coinage, though their existence is implied in the inscription (= rdi^ fiaaiXeva-i) on the silver coin, No. 7, p. 476, infra. John's gold and silver coins are not now very common, though he gained popularity by his charitable distributions, and by the unusual lavishness of his largesses. He abolished the kapnikoUy a hearth-tax that had been instituted by the unpopular Nicephorus I.^
In the choice of types, John, who was known for his piety and for his approval of monasticism, seems to have been influenced by his devotion to the Blessed Yiigin. He engraves on his solidi the bust of Mary, who places the crown on his head, while the JUanvs Dei is stretched over him in blessing. The remarkable silver coin, PL LIY. 14,^ which there is good reason for attributing to this Emperor, may have been struck in 972, when he celebrated at Constantinople his tiiumph after the victories in Bulgaria, and displayed the ikon of the Theotokos that had been captured during the war.
There are no bronze coins bearing John's name or efligy,^ and this
is true also of his successors until Constantine X Ducas (a. d. 1059) once
more issued bronze money with the Imperial
-rr 1 1 1 J. -I • Anonymous bronze
name. We have, however, the formal testimony of j hn I
of Scylitzes that John first issued (in a.d. 972) ^^iS successors.
bronze coins with the head of the Saviour
and a religious inscription in Latin, and that a similar practice was
followed by his successors: — irpoaira^t Sk kol iv t^ vofita-fiarL Kal iv
t£ oJSoX^ eUSva iyypd^ea-OaL rov Soi>Tripo9y fiff TrpSrepov rovrov yevo-
nivov iypd<f>ovTO S^ Kal ypd/ifiara ^fiaioTi kv OaTip<p fi€p€i &Si tt]]
* Represented on an ivory plaque, see infra, p. lix n.
* Schlnmberger, L^ipop. hyz,, i, p. 188.
^ The British Museum specimen has unfortunately suffered injuries which distort the &ce of the Virgin and the head of the Infant Christ.
* The bronze of Cherson, however, bears the monogram of John I and (later) of Basil II.
Hi INTRODUCTION
Bu^iSvra* 'Irfo-ovs Xpiarbf Bao-cXei); BaaiXia^i^. Tovto 8i Kat ol KaOt^rj^ €Trjprj(ray pcuriXeT?.^
There are extant a large number of bronze coins bearing a sacred type and legend as described by Scylitzes (or with similar types and legends), which must undoubtedly be assigned to John and his successors. An attribution of these types to various Emperors has been attempted in this Catalogue^^ and is discussed in detail infra, p. 480 f. A clue to the arrangement is afforded by the restrikings, and by noting the varying ornamentation of the nimbus of the Saviour.
John died suddenly on 10 Jan. 976, on his return from the East,
and Basil II and Constantino VIII (the sons of Bomanus II) were now
« * «»» »» J l^ft fl* joint Emperors. Their busts appear side
BASIL II and . . / .J^ u j i • v ^
ooNSTAirriiTB vra, ^^ ^'^^ ^^ ^^^ 8^^^ *^^ *^^^ "^"^^ ^"^^
976-1026 Constantino was the faint Imperial shadow of
his brother Basil — the ascetic warrior, abrupt of speech, who was feared rather than loved, and indifferent to all the refining influences of art and literature.^ The person of Basil is known to us from a description in Fsellus and from the miniature representing him as a soldier in the Venice Psalter/ His portrait on the coins seems conventional, or of little value as a likeness.
In the earlier years of his reign — for we may speak of it as his — Basil was absorbed by the serious rebellions of Bardas Phqcas and Bardas Skleros. But in 991 he entered on the task of his life, the subjugation of the Bulgarian nationality in both its eastern and western kingdoms. The great struggle continued under Czar Samuel and his successors, and did not close till 1018, when Basil — ' Bulgaroktonos '—celebrated his triumph at Constantinople* By the subjugation of the Slavs and — a more doubtful policy — ^the annexation of Armenia, the Empire acquired a greater extent of territory than it had possessed since the days of Justinian I, but its greatness culminated with Basil 11.
In the Constantinopolitan coinage the only feature of interest is the adoption, probably towards the end of the reign, of a new fabric for the nomiania (PL LVI. 4). This fabric is thin and spread^ and tends
^ Gedren., vol. ii, p. 413, ed. Bonn ; Finlay (Hist,, i, p. 451) remarks on the first part of this passage that its plain meaning is that ' John I made a change in the type of the gold nomisma and of the copper obolos which had previously been distinguished by the portrait of the Emperor *. The facts are that on all the extant gold and silver of John his name and head appear, though with the addition of the Virgin. On the bronze, the Imperial name and head are, for the first time, omitted, and a religious type and inscription take their place.
' On the lines proposed in my article in Corolla Num., p. 838 f.
' Schlumberger, L*^pop, hyz.. Parts I and II.
^ Reproduced in colours in Schlumberger, Un Emp, hyz.<, p. 304. On the coin- portrait, see infra, § 4, Period Y. Basil II (with Gonstantine VIII) appears also in the miniature of the Bari MS. figured in Schlumberger, vipop. by?., iii, 801.
§ 2. BASIL n, CONSTANTINE VHI-ROMANUS HI liii
(o become conoave on the obverse,^ forming the nummi scyphati so
often HMtttioned in documents of a later age. The
eoncavity appears more distinctly in the following
reign; and for a considerable period the fabric of
the old nortvisma or solidus, thick and of small module, subsists beside
the thin and concave fabric of the new Tvomi&nia,^
In this reign the coinage of Cherson comes to an end, and the date of its cessation is doubtless the year 989, when the old Greek city — ' dernier d&nia da i?rand naufra<;e du monde hell^nique' — the intermediary between the trade of Constantinople and ^^
Southern Russia, was taken by Vladimir, son of ^^
Syiatoslav.^ Cherson was, indeed, restored to the Empire when Vladimir married the sister (Anne) of the two Basileis and embraced Christianity, bat there is no indication that its coinage was continued after the Russian capture of the city.
Constantine VIII^ left to rule alone by the death of Basil II in
Dec 1025, was an idler "^ who committed the chief offices of government
to ins eunuchs. In his expenditure he was
Javish, and the gold corns of his three-years .
reicn are of three difierent tvnes. He died
1^^ irviQ Vu , " ,'' ^^ w- P 1« ^®0. 1025
11 Nov. 1028, the last male representative of -.. i/joq
the great Macedonian House. Just before his
deaUi he had compelled Ronuinus Argyrus, a Byzantine noble, to marry
bis seeond daughter Zoe,^ and Romanus duly succeeded to the throne.
The coinage of Romanus IH is not abundant. There are apparently
no silver coins, and the Tiomisma is known only of a single type. This
type departs from the model of his predecessor, and
the obverse shows the Emperor crowned by the '
TheotokoB (PL LVn. 13). The Virgin Mother seems i^^^028
to have been specially invoked as his patron — as ' ,Qg^
she had been by an earlier ruler, John I, Zimisces.
In her honour he built at Constantinople the church and convent of
St. Mary Peribleptos, and the ikon of the Mother of God which served
as the standard of the Emperors was embraced by him with tears and
kisses in a moment of peril in his unfortunate campaign in Syria
(A.D. 1030).«
^ The aide bearing the Emperor's name and figure may be conveniently described as the obverse.
' The nomisma of concave fabric is of heavier weight than the flat nomisma ; see farther, infra, p. IziL
' On the date, Schlnmberger, VEpop, byz., i, p. 758.
* On his character, Schlumberger, UJ^pop. hyz.y i, 334, 335 ; iii, p. 2 f.
' On Zoe, Schlumberger, op. cit., iii; Diehl, Etudes hyz., p. 70, and his Figures ^zantines, chap. x.
* FtelluB, Hist., 334 (p. 31, ed. Sathas, 1899).
liv INTRODUCTION
Romanus died in 1034, and was succeeded by Michael IV, an able
and handsome court-officer, for whom Zoe had, while still the wife of
T Romanus III, conceived a passion, and whom
_ ' she now married without a moment's delay.
. In this reign, the mcrease of the taxes and
-10 D ' 1041 iheii arbitrary collection led to a revolt of the
Bulgarians and Servians, and the independence
of Servia began now (1040) to be tacitly recognized. An attempt to
reconquer Sicily from the Saracens was undertaken by the brave George
Maniakes with Normans and Varangians in his army, but was not
successful, though Messina was stormed (1038). Michael died 10 Dec.
1041.
Zoe caused to be crowned as Emperor, Michael Y (the nephew of
Michael IV), her *son' by adoption. On 18 April, 1042, the adopted son
T ^^^ ^^ ^^^^ exile, but as the result of a popular
^ ' outbreak Michael was deposed and Zoe restored to
EAIiAFHATIDS, mi 1 . 1 1
T) 1041 throne. The only com that has any claim to
-21 A ril 1042 belong to Michael V is that figured in PI. LVIII. 5,
a nomisma showing the Emperor crowned by the
Virgin. The Emperor's head may be compared with the portrait of him
that appears in the MS. of Zonaras at Modena,^ representing his face
as long and oval with a somewhat long beard and moustache.
For a few months Zoe shared the government with her younger sister
Theodora, and though no coins have been identified as of their joint rule,
it is not improbable that such pieces wei'e issued.
_ Psellus describes the two Empresses seated side by
THBODOHyA.
T ' ®^^® ^^ *^® thi'one, and states that they made immense 1042 ' largesses to the multitude.^ Theodora (according to
Psellus) was calm and restrained. Zoe passed rapidly from the transports of joy to the depths of gloom. Zoe was extravagant and lavish^ while Theodoiti husbanded her resources.^ Their porti-aits appear in the Modena MS. of Zonaras,^ and they were represented, conventionally, on the ci'own of 'Constantine Monomachus' now in the National Museum of Pesth.^
On 11 June, 1042, Zoe, who was now sixty-two, took to herself a third husband, the handsome Constantine Monomaohus, who was
' Schlomberger, L^^pop, hyz., iii, p. 532.
' Cp. Schlumberger, op. cit., iii, 388, 889. Type 1 of the nomisma of Theodora's 9ole reign, infra, p. 505, might be assigned to her joint reign, were there in existence a corresponding nomisma with the portrait of Zoe. Or, the two Empresses may have been represented side by side.
' Cp. Schlmnherger, op. cit., pp. 391, 392.
* Schlumberger, op. cit, p. 541.
^ C. de Linas, Hist, du tmv, d VExp. unit, de 1867, p. 121 f. (in colours) ; N. Eondakofi, Hist, . . . des emaux hyz.^ p. 228 (243 f. in German ed.) ; Molinier, Vorftvrerie, p. 52.
§ 2. CONSTANTINE IX, MONOMACHUS Iv
erowned Emperor the next day. Their court was frivolous, not to say scandalous, and the Emperor, who was little interested in military aflaurs, was prodigal in his expenditure, Qo^jg^AKTIWE IX pleasure-loving and somewhat Bohemian in '
his tastes. Yet the reim of Constantino IX ,,, ,^^«'
r^i • • ,7 4. A xu llJune, 1042
was fertile in important events, and even the - -
Emperor has his serious side, as evidenced by
his encouragement of literary men— among them, the ' humanist ' Michael
P^ns — and by his re-institution of the University of Constantinople.
Philosophy and Law were once more to be studied, and the Law (decliured
the Emperor) was no longer to remain as obscure as an oracle. It was
to be hedged round by science, and the professional lawyers were to
be recruited only from the students of the University.
It was in this reign that the great schism of Uie churches of east and west took place (1054), and it was under Constantine that the permanent settlements of the Normans in Apulia (circ. 1042) and their e^uie of Otranto (1055) practically crushed the Byzantine power in Southern Italy ; while the attacks of the Seljuk Turks began to weaken the structure of the Empire in Asia.^ Yet, at the time, the future gravity of these attacks could hardly have been foreseen: the prestige of the Elastem Empire was, indeed, still considerable, and Armenia was completely under its control.^
The nomismata that may be assigned to Constantine IX are of no leas than five types,- and it is important to notice that, until the reign of Alexius I, we have to do with nomismata of two distinct fabrics ^ : (i) the thick small coins resembling the earlier solidi (PI. LVUI. 6-8) ; (ii) coins of the thin, spread concave fabric that had been introduced by Basil II and Constantine VIII (PI. LVIII. 9-12). The usual weight of (i) is about 62 grains ; the weight of (ii) is about 68 giuins. The old (flat) nomisma was thus reduced in weight, but the new (scyphate) nomisma retains the original weight (about 68 grains) of the old solidus or nomisma. Both classes seem to belong to the Constantinopolitan mint — though very likely to different officinae — and they probably represent the same denomi- nation. Of course, if Class I (62 grains) passed current as a nomisma, the government was a gainer by its issue. It may be conjectured that one class was more especially used as the currency of widely extended commerce, while the other class chiefly circulated in the capital. A study,
* Finlay, Hist., ii, pp. 433, 434.— Cp. Diehl, Introduction to French trans, of Nenmann's WeUsUllung des byz. Reiches, p. 5 : — 'La bureaucratie civile, jalouse des barons et de Tarm^e, devint toute puissante au palais, et elle crat, en tenant les gen^rauz en suspicion et en desorganisant Tarm^e, avoir ^vit6 a toat jamais la rt^volution. Le regno de Gonstantin IX . . . marqua le plein triomphe de ce systeme.'
* Neumann's WeUstdlung, &c., pp. 66, 67 (French trans.).
' The two nomismata had been first introduced under Basil II and Constantine VIII.
Ivi INTRODUCTION
if it could be made, of the usual provenance of each of these classes of nomismata would probably thi*ow light on the cause of their contem- poraneous issue. The silver coins bear interesting types of the Virgin (PL LIX. 3, 4, 5) who, on one denomination, is expressly identified as the Virgin of Blachemae, H RAAX6PNITICA. Another silver coin supplies an instance, very rare on coins, of a metrical inscription: — AiairoLva aco^ois evaePrj Movo/idxov. This is an iambic trimeter of the kind usually found on the metrical Bullae} A coin of Bomanus IV {infra, p. 626) is inscribed with a hexameter line.
It may be added that the Empress Zoe does not appear on the coins whether alone or in conjunction with her husband Possibly the position of the beautiful Skleraina — herself ci-eated Augusta— may have caused a diflSculty, though we know that wife and mistress lived together in the Imperial palace on strange terms of amity.
Constantino IX died on 11 Jan. 1066. Zoe had died in 1050^ and her aged sister Theodora — she was now seventy — once more made her appearance upon the Imperial stage, and was proclaimed Empress, even before the dying sovereign had expired.
The Empress took an active part in the administration, but died
after a short reign on 31 Aug. 1066, the last representative of the
Macedonian House. Her gold coins show her
' adorned with a profusion of jewellery, and wearing
A-. A ,^«/> elaborately embroidered robes (see PL LX. 1-3,
-81 Aug. 1066. _ ^jI^ . - ^ ,, TT . X rw . .J
and p. 506, ^nfray note 1). Her sister Zoe is said
to have disdained both jewellery and bix)caded dresses.^ Theodora's
coins are of neat and careful workmanship, paiiicularly the standing
figure of the Saviour (PI. LX. 4-7), which has been supposed to be a
reproduction of the image of the Saviour of Chalce (part of the Imperial
palace), which stood above the gate.^
Theodora nominated as her successor Michael VI, Stratioticus, once
an able soldier, but now old and incapable. The army soon rose
against him, and proclaimed as Empeix)r Isaac
* Gomnenus, a member of the great family of the
' Comneni who had acquired rich estates in Aaia
y^' Minor. Michael abdicated on 31 Aug. 1067,* and
the next day Isaac was crowned in St. Sophia.
' See Proehner in Annuaire de la Socfranf. de Num,y 1882, p. 44 ; 1884, p. 312 f.
^ Schlumberger, VJ^pop. byz,, iii, p. 892.
» See Dumont in Rev^Num., 1867, p. 195, where a silver coin, with cbv,, the Virgin; rev.y standing figure of IC XC O XAAKHTHC, is published. Dumont thinks it may belong to the time of John III, Ducas, Vatatzes, Emperor of Nicaea. The coin was formerly in the Photiades coll. and is described in Photiades Cat., No. 676.
* His portrait in the Modena MS. of Zonaras, figured in Scblumberger, op. cit,, m, p. 533. (Portrait of Isaac I, ib., p. 540.) The type of an angel— apparently the archangel Michael— on Michael's coins is novel (p. 509, type 2, inftn).
§ 2. ISAAC I— CONSTANTINE X Ivii
Isaac's energy was directed to financial reform, and to curtailing the expenditore at court But he was weakened by illness, and near the end of the year 1059 he followed the example of his predecessor and abdicated. Zonaras and Scylitzes *
record that Isaac caused himself to be represented ^, ^ , .1 « his gold coma with a drawn sword in his hand .^^ d'^/iom. (see this type, PL LX. 12), and they take this repre- aentation to be an act of vainglory on the part of the Emperor, who thus seemed to ascribe his good fortune in securing his throne not to Providence hot to his personal prowess. But Isaac does not seem to have been a man of the stamp of Hybrias the Cretan, and it is probable that these authors are merely echoing the sneers of persons who wished to lidieiile the Emperor — disappointed courtiers, for instance, to whom Isaac's reforms were naturally not palatable.^ For though the representation of an Emperor with a drawn sword was an innovation, it was not a startling one. Ck>nstantinB IX (died 1056) had already been shown (on his silver coins) holding a sword in its sheath; and on two types of his nomisma Lsaac I himself likewise holds his sword ensheathed.' To r^Rresent the sword withdrawn from its sheath was, therefore, only to develop slightly a motive already familiar.
On his only known silver coin Isaac used the epithet * Orthodox ', one not found on the coins of other reigns.
Constantine X, the Cappadodan noble who succeeded Isaac I, has been called by Finlay 'an avaricious pedant'. This may be a crude ehsraeterization, but it is certain that his policy
was anti-military, and that his chief efforts were CONSTANTINE X, direeted to replenishing the treasury at all hazards. _^ ^nito
The Senate, the bureaucratic classes, and the clergy who supported the Emperor against the military
and land-owning classes, believed, or affected to believe that the age of wars was over. Part of the army was disbanded ; pay was lowered, and the apkeep of stores and munition neglected. Yet at no time was a great Imperial army more needed. The gravest danger arose from the Seljuk Toiks under Togril-bey and his successor Alp-Arslan. In 1064 the Seljuks had captured Ani, the ancient capital of Armenia, and their numberless raids and invasions laid Asia Minor waste. In 1065 a new
* GedreiL, vol. ii, p. 641 ed. Bonn :~avruca r^ /3airtXuc« pofuafuirt (mQBff^6p0K im)fapdTr€TtUf fuj rA 0«f r6 ww fwiypdcp^p aXKa rfi l^iif laxvi Kal Tfj ircpi iroXc/bunw iymtip'uf. The verrified account df Ephraemius is to tho same effect ; p. 140 ed. Bonn.— Similarly alio Zonaraa, Ep.y xviii; vol. iii, pp. 665, 666 ed. Bonn (rw pofutrfiari (itf^np'l cavTd» tmxopoi*). But Zonaras, in another passage (Ep., zviii ; vol. iii, p. 667 ed. Bonn) about Ime, teems to take the drawn sword {t6 $i*pof yvfav6v) as symbolizing the Emperor^s dnstic and over-hasty methods of making reforms.
' Cp. Maedler, ITieodam, Michael Strat,, Isaac Kotnnenos, p. 45 n.
I h
Iviii INTRODUCTION
enemy, the Uzes, broke into Bulgaria. In 1064 Belgrade had fallen into the hands of the Magyars.
The coinage of this unfortunate and ill-judging ruler is abundant. We may note especially, that in the course of his reign he abolished the ' anonymous ' bronze coinage that had subsisted since the time of John I, Zimisces (dtij^ra, p. li), and substituted one with the Imperial name and effigy. The time-honoured practice of using old jUina for the bronze currency was not, however, discontinued.
Constantino X died in May, 1067, and for a few months his wido^w
TZTrnftTT A / f\ ^"^^^ carried on the government with two of her
Tien 1M7 ®^^ — Michael VIE and Constantino. She struck
* a nomisma (PL LXI. 10) with her own figure
(which had already appeared on one of the bronze coins of Constantine X)
placed between her two sons.
In December (1067) Eudocia took a husband in the person of
Romanus (IV), Diogenes, a Cappadocian noble famed for his valour. But
he was as impetuous as brave, and rashly hurried an
BOMAJTuS I V, undisciplined army into the field. He made head
^ ' against the Seljiiks in Armenia, Cappadocia and
Bee. 1067 g^^^^ ^^^ j^ ^^ ^^^^ j^^^^ ^^ Manzikert, in
^* Armenia, the Byzantine army suffered a crushing
defeat at their hands (a.d. 1071). The same year is also memorable for the taking of Bari by the ITormans under Robert Guiscard, and the ending of the long-lived domination of the Eastern Empire in Italy.
During the three or four years of his reign Romanus issued coins remarkably varied in type. On one of his nomismata he placed his ovm portrait (alone) ; on another the portrait of himself and Eudocia in con- junction. A third (PL LXI. 11) is a family-coin, showing, on the reverse, the three stepsons of the Emperor (the sons of Constantine X by Eudocia), and on the obverse, a figure of the Saviour crowning the Emperor and his wife. This subject — Christ crowning Romanus IV and Eudocia — ^is famifear to students of art from the ivory (the cover of an Evangeliaxium) in the Biblioth^ue Nationale, Paris. The ivory is of far higher artistic merit than the coin, as may be discerned from the mild and gracious aspect of the Saviour and the easy action of the arms in blessing, which are extended nearly horizontally and not raised as on the coin.^
' Molinier, Hitt. des arts appliquds, ^c, vol. i, ' IvoireB," p. 97 ; Babelon, Ouide aiiuM au Cabinet des MidaiUes, Paris, 1900, fig. 145 and p. 818; Diehl, jttudes b^,, p. 119; Venturi, St<nia deW arte ital., ii, p. 583. On the coin, the ChriBt stands on a zectangnlar footstool or platform which, on the ivory, is itself raised on a basis of omphalic form. On the ivory, the Emperor and Empress are nimbate as well as the Christ The coin-types are reproduced on a leaden piece (presumably a seal) figured by De Marchant, Manges de num.^ letter iv; PL; No. 2, and by Sabatier, leanographie, PI. suppl. 24, No. 1.— -The motive of the Saviour blessing two Imperial persons is found, in the tenth century, on the ivory plaque of the Musee de Cluny,
I 2. MICHAEL Vn— NICEPHOKUS III lix
On one of the silver coins (PI. LXII. 2) occurs a beautiful figure of the Keesed Yii^pii holding (in her left arm) the Infant Jesus. This has been thought to be the Virgin called the Conductress — H OAHrHTPIA — who is firniilJAr firom other works of Byzantine art, such as the Spitzer ivory .^ The legend of this piece forms a hexameter verse : — IlapOive aoi iroXvaive tt ijXTriK^ irdvra xaTopOoT.^
After Manzikert, Romanus lY became the prisoner of Alp-Arslan, and a revolution at Constantinople soon disposed of both Emperor and
Michael VII, Ducas (the eldest son of Eudocia and Constantine X), was now prodaimed Emperor. His reign was a period of disaster and revolt. The Emperor, a pupil of Michael Psellus, amused himself with rhetoric and verse-making, but '
was careless of affiurs of State. The Seljuk hordes '
eontinaed to pour into Asia Minor, and the Seljuks i^^li io78
of Rum or Iconium, under Suleiman, now became an independent power. At last, Nicephorus HI, Botaniates, one of the pretenders to the throne, was proclaimed Emperor at Constantinople on 24 March, 1078, and Michael retired to the monastery of the Studium.
The reign of Nicephorus was short and troubled. His expenditure
WIS wastefiiil, and we know from the testimony of extant coins that he
debased the nondsma, which is often struck in ^,^«^„^«„« „, 11 J ij IX A X XV 1 NICEPHORUS III, alloyed gold or electrum. As to the personal _ „, ^..^^
rxUT7 1.x -Txi. BOTAWIATBS,
appearance of the Emperor : what purports to be «. March 1078 a portrait appears in the MS. of Chrysostom in , Anril 'l08L
tiie Biblioth^ue Nationale, Paris,^ but his por- trait on the coins is evidently conventional, and is practically identical with the head of Michael VU as found on coins. Nicephorus, on his silver coins, placed beside his own the bust of his wife, the Empress Maria, the widow of Michael VII, who had represented her on some of his coins.
Three rebellions of this reign (including that of Nicephorus Bryennius) were put down by the aid of the general Alexius Comnenus, nephew of the former Emperor Isaac I, Comnenus ; but in the crushing of a fourth rebellion, that of his brother-in-law Nicephorus Melissenus, Alexius reftised
repceaentiiig Christ bleeaing the Emperor Otto II and his wife Theophano, the daughter of Bomanus II and the famous Theophano : Schlumberger, Un Emp, hyz., p. 651.
* Schltunbeiger, SigiUogr., p. 37. Spitzer ivory triptych, Schlumberger, Uh Emp. iy7., p. 105 ; ivoiy triptych, ^y^ch^ de Liege, Schlumberger, V^pop, byz.f i, p. 181 ; cp. miniatuxe, ib., p. 105 ; copper plaque in Victoria and Albert Museum, South Kensington, Vipop. htfz,, iii, frontispiece.— On the Virgin Hodegetria, see further, Bauer and Sfcr^gowski, Eine Alexandrinische Weltchronik, p. 159 (in Denkschrifien der kais, AJead. der WissenM^ Wien, 1906, Bd. 51).
' See p. 525, infra. On metrical inscriptions, supra, p. Ivi.
' Bayet, L'Art byz., p. 169; Diehl, Etudes byz., p. 121.
Ix INTRODUCTION
to take part. This pretender was proclaimed Emperor at Nicaea, and
17ICEPH0BTJS ^^^^^^ * silver coin with his name as Secir^rtf^
MELISSENXJS (^^^^» P* ^^^5 PI- LXIII. 11). But Alexius Com«
(pretender) i^^J^us, a much abler rival, was now himself a
1080-ApriL 1081. <»ndidate for empire ; on 1 April, 1081, he entered
and plundered Constantinople, and Nicephorus III
retired to a monastery. Melissenus was given the title of Caesar, but
ceased to be of political importance.^
The accession of Alexius I, Comnenus, a representative of one of the great feudal families, put an end to a period of anarchy and weakness.^ During his long reign this able Emperor had to con- ' tend against Norman, Patzinak, Turk, and Crusader, inai y®* ^^ organizing skill and his subtle, if unscrupulous, -16 Anff 1118 diplomacy constantly stood him in stead, lie de- cadence of the Empire was at least arrested by Alexius, as it was afterwards by his successors John II and Manuel I.
His earlier years, 1081-1085, were occupied with the war in Illyria and Thessaly against the Normans, under the famous Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia, but the danger of the Norman invasion passed away with the death of Guiscard in 1085. A stiniggle with the Seljuk Turics, and with the Patzinaks, who were at last annihilated at the battle of the Lebumion in 1091, ^ filled the years 1084-1092. The First Crusade began in 1095. Europe (as Gibbon says) was ' precipitated on Asia ', and Constantinople was almost swept away by the impetuous deluge. Alexius with great adroitness avoided a conflict with these hordes of western warriors: he regarded them as mercenaries in his pay, and tried to win their chiefs by costly presents.^ Some of the Imperial possessions in Asia Minor were won back by the Crusaders, and the war with the Seljuks, 1110-1117, ended in favour of the Emperor.
One of the great tasks of Alexius was the creation of a navy and the strengthening and reorganization of the military forces, especially in the cavalry arm. Over his aimy Alexius exercised absolute control, and usually took the command in person. A vast increase in the public expenditure was the result of these militaiy necessities; the subjects of Alexius groaned under the burden of taxation, and endured the numberless losses and vexations brought about by a systematic debasement of the currency.
^ Waddington in Sev. num., 1863, p. 399.
' ' L'aT^nement des Gomnenes en 1081.' 'Ge fut le triomphe de raristocratie fdodale et da parti militaire sur le gouvemement central et la bureaucratie civile.' Diehl, Introd. to Neumann's WelUiellung (Fi'ench trans.), p. 6 ; cp. note, p. Iv, n., etfprti, as to the state-policy under Gonstantine IX.
' They were finally extinguished under his successor, John II, a.d. 1128.
* Ghalandon, Essai mtr le figne d' Alexia I, chap. vi.
§ 2. ALEXIUS I, COMNENUS Ixi
Alexius was about thirty-three at his acoeesion, and is deecribed as a man of short stature, with broad ohest and shoulders. His bust sod full-length figure often ocour on the coins, but the portrait seems to be conventional. He is represented also on seals ^ and in a MS. of the Vatican.^ In the earlier part of his reign he associated with himself Constantine Ducas, the son of Michael VII, Duoas ; but Constantine does not appear on the coins, for the pieces assigned by Sabatier (ii, p. 194) to Alexius I and Constantine are doubtless of Alexius III and Stmt Constantine. In 1092 Alexius associated his eldest son John (II) in the Empire, and it was no doubt on this occasion that he put forth a nomisma (PI. LXV. 1) bearing figures of himself, his wife Irene,^ and John, His famous daughter Anna Comnena does not appear on the coins, thougfa her seals are extant.^
The coinage of Alexius I presents many varieties of types — the bust, or the full figure, holding the cross, the labarum or a jewelled sceptre. But there is no bold departure in the designs. The interest of his coinage lies in the metals and denominations.
(i) Bronze coinage (PL LXV. 9-16), consisting mainly of small pieces of irr^nlar shape and thick fabric. Extant specimens weigh from about 50 to 70 grains. (This is probably the fcllU.)
(ii) A silver coin (PI. LXV. 2-6), nearly identical in size and fabric with the bronze just described. The weight of the specimens in the British Museum is about 60 grains; no doubt the mUiareaion. There are also flat, thin coins in silver ; the British Museum specimen weighs 32 grains.
(iii) Nomiama. This is found in various metals : —
Type 1 in gold.
Type 2 in bronze.
Type 3 in gold and in electrum.
T}rpes 4 and 5 in base silver or billon.
Type 6 in electrum.
Type 7 in gold and in billon.
. ^ On the teals of Alexias, see Schlumberger, Melanges d^arch. byz., i, pp* 263, 264 ; SigiUpgr,, p. 79; and p. 423 {rev., seated Christ); p. 638; Sorlin-DorigDy in Bev. arch., 1877, pt. i, p. 82 ; Birch, SmJs in British Museum, v, p. 4 ; Eonstantopoulos in Joum. hUemat. d'areh, num., 1905, p. 214 f. (Alexius and family).
' See the reproductions of Cod. gr. Vat., No. 666, in Chalandon, op. cit., frontispiece and p. 50.
* The standing figure of Irene occurs in enamel in the pala d'ofv of St. Mark's, Venice : see 7eludo in Fksini, II iesaro di San Marco, PI. XV-XX ; Venturi, op. cit., p.645f.
' See Schlumberger, Melanges d'areh. byz., i, p. 267 ; Sigilloffr., p. 641, and in Rev. muH^ 1905, p. 339 f. Cp. CampUs retidus de VAcad.finn^., 1905, p. 142 (ring of Irene ? wife of Alexius I).
Ixii INTRODUCTION
It is certain that Alexius was reduced to great straits for money. Early in the reign he had recourse to the precious vessels of the churches, and from the doors of one church he stripped the gold and silver plating ; he also melted down various public monuments made of bronze.^ And he was easily led on by the example of his predecessors to the adulteration of the nomisma.
The changing fortunes of the nomisma may here be briefly recapitulated. We have seen that as far back as the tenth century, Nicephorus 11, Phocas, was accused, though apparently unjustly, of tampeiing with this coin. Under Constantino VIII (1025-1028) we find tivo gold coins, both pre- sumably intended to pass as nomismata though one is inferior in weight to the other. These coins are (a) a scyphate piece (first introduced by Basil 11) with the weight of 68-70 grains ^ ; (/3) a small thick coin of the weight of 62-63 grains. These two coins continue to be struck down to the reign of Michael VII, Ducas (1071-1078), but after his time the gold coin of 62-63 grains ceases to be issued.
Among the extant nomismata of Michael VII there are some specimens struck in pale gold or electinim, and even in silver and billon.^ Already, therefore, the debasement of the gold nomisma was being attempted. The nomisma-coinage of the next Emperor, Nicephorus III (1078-1081), the predecessor of Alexius I, is particularly shameless, specimens in pure gold being of exceptional occurrence, while the majority of pieces are in electrum or base gold. The part that Alexius himself played can be made out fairly well from the following statement in Zonai*as, which we can confront with the testimony of the coins themselves : —
OSroy i fiaaiXei)? Kal to pS/iia/jLa K€KiP8rj\€Vfiivoi/ irapk t&v irpb avrov eiprjKO)? xdXKeov €0€to, ^ c/y ri r^y fiaaiXeia? cjccxpiyro dvaXcifiaTa, Toi>9 Si y€ <f>6pov9 Slit \pv<rivcoi/ SoKifjL<ov eia-inpaTTCy nrj Si ye Kal Si' iripo^v, \pv(rii/a>i/ iikv kAk^ipcdv^ aXX* 'fi/ii\pv(rcov, iari S* o5 koi ffii t£i/ \aXKio>v kSatriio^op^i (Zonaras, Ep,^ xviii, 22= vol. iii, p. 738, ed. Buttner-Wobst, Bonn*).
The changes introduced by Alexius involved not merely the debase- ment of a single denomination (the nomisma), but the setting up side by side of nomismata of varying intrinsic value. Thus, there was the old gold nomisma, of 68-70 grains, which tended to become electrum ; there was the new silver nomisma, which tended to become billon ; and finally, the new bronze nomisma. All this produced a hopeless confusion in accounts and furnished fresh opportunities of exaction to the collectors who farmed the
» Bet, num., 1866, p. 36 f., on Nicetas.
'i.e. the weight of the nomisma (solidus) of earlier reigns.
' See p. 530, infra, note 1.
* Buttner-Wobst translates :— * Hie rex cum solidum a decessoribus suis adalteratam repperisset, aeneum fecit, quo in regni ezpensis uteretur; in vectigalibus vero probes aureoB exigebat, aliqaando etiam nummos semiaureos, interdum aeneos.*
\
§ 2. JOHN II, COMNENUS Ixui
taxes. For inBtance^ the collector of the supplementary taxes (the SiKiparoy, i^a^ciXXoy, &c.) sometimes tried the device of reckoning fractions and small payments as if twelve miliaresia still went (as formerly) to the nomisma. Thna, for a tax of i nomisma eix miliaresia were demanded, though the Domisma was at this time only worth four ^ miliaresia. The contributory Ham paid six miliaresia instead of two, or (in the new money) one whole nomisma+two miliaresia.
In large transactions, as e.g. in his treaty with Bohemund, Prince of Antioch, Alexius agreed that his own payments should be made in 'MiehaelB \^ L e. in the nomismata coined by Michael YII, thus putting his own money and that of his predecessor hors de combed. A subsidy paid by Alexius to the German Emperor Henry lY was discharged in silver coin, a proof, as Finlay has remarked,^ that Byzantine silver money was formerly not 80 rare as it now for the most part is.^
John H — ' Kalojoannes ', — who was left by his father's death sole Kuperor, has the distinction of being probably the most amiable ruler that ever occupied the Byzantine throne.^ His reign mA not inglorious, and in fortunate campaigns against JOHN II,
the Seljuk Turks he extended the boundary of the Comotntjs, Empire east and west. But he neglected to restore q a ^ iiaa e the fleet, and the Venetians, who now traded direct '
with the Christian principalities in Syria, and were rapidly becoming the tnding rivals of Constantinople, plundered with impunity Rhodes and oSier islands and coasts of the Empire. In the end, John was forced to renew the commercial privileges of the Venetians in Constantinople (A.D. 1126).
The coinage of this «reign of nearly twenty -five years is varied, and there are at least seven types of the nomisma.*^ Two of these types are entirely in billon, and two others are chiefly in electrum. There are three types, however, usually struck in gold, and it would seem that John —
^ Or perhaps five.
' Finlay, Hi8i.j iii, p. 63 n., and p. 123 ; Ghalandon, op. cit., p. 248 ; Ducange, a. v. MiehaeHtae.
» Hi9t., iii p, 74.
* On the tax-collecting and the difficulties caused by the new coinage, see an excellent section in M. Ghalandon's Alexia J, pp. 299-309, founded partly on the model acoonnts for the revenue-collectors of Alexius I (published, Zachariae von Lingenthal, ha GraeeO'Bomanum, pt. 3, p. 385 f.). — On the expressions vofiurfia rpaxy, rpaxy cunrpov vofu^fta^ which apparently designate the nomisma in silver, see Svoronos, Joufn. intemat. d*<irc^ num., ii, p. 352 f. According to Svoronos, vofi, rpax* is a translation of nummtis otper, Le. a coin freBh from the mint, and rough to the touch because not yet worn BDOotii by circulation. "Ainrposy as applied to coins (especially to the silver of the Emperors of Trebizond), afterwards—it is suggested — meant ' white ^ or * silver ' money.
* Finlay, ffist^ iii, p. 130.
* On the chronology, &c., of this reign, £. Kurtz in B. Z., 1907, p. 69 f. ^ No silver coins, apart from the silver nomisma, appear to be extant.
Ixiv INTRODUCTION
while maintaining the electrum and billon nomismata — ^made an effort to improve on the gold nomisma of hifi father Alexius I. The Virgin crowniii^ the Emperor is a frequent type, and the iigure of a saint — St. Qeorge — is introduced (PL LXYII. 12^). The warrior-saint wears a cuirass and sword; his hair is curly and his head nimbate.^
John II was succeeded by his youngest son Manuel I, Comnenns,
a man of exti*aordinary physical endowments; a Samson who could tear
a stirrup in two ^ and whose lance and buckler not
ALJi^ u j!ixj X, ^^^^ Raymond * the Hercules of Antioch ' could wield.
OMiTBNUB, jj^ ^^ ^ g^^j soldier, but had more the tempei* of
1^ ' a knight-errant who loved fighting and adventure for
' their own sake. He was enamoured of Western
civilization and delighted in tournaments. Both of his wives were western
princesses, and he married his son Alexius to Agnes, daughter of the French
king Louis YII.
Manners reign of thirty-seven years was spent in incessant warfare. He invaded Hungary and won the battle of Zeugmin. He repulsed the Normans under Roger of Sicily. He was involved in a naval contest with the Venetians, but had finally to restore then- trading privileges, which he had tried to suppresa In his struggle with the Seljuks he failed to re-conquer Asia Minor. If in his dealings with the warriors of the Second Crusade Manuel showed considerable discretion, his general foreign policy was grandiose and Utopian; thus, he sought from Pope Alexander III, who was at enmity with Barbaroasa, a union between the Eastern and Western churches, a condition being that he should be crowned Emperor of the West. At the same time he neglected to make radical internal reforms — a heroic task, no doubt — and the opportunity of reform was rapidly passing away.
His coinage is varied and abundant, there being at least eight t3rpes of the nomisma in the precious metals, and five types of the nomisma in bronze or a mixture of bronze. There are also at least eight types in the ordinary bronze coinage. Qold is not frequently employed for the nomisma, but only a very pale electrum, which is often hardly distinguishable from silver. According to Nicetas^ he coined bad nomismata to deceive the Crusaders. These may, however, have been only the ordinary bronze or billon nomismata of the time, and Manuel of course was not responsible for the first introduction of the nomisma in bronze.
' An earlier but isolated representation of a Saint on coins occarred in the time of Alexander, see supra, p. xlvii.
* The curly hair and cuiiusft—sometimes a tunic— are found on other monuments. The Saint, however, usually stands holding a spear and shield: see Schlumberger, L'ipop. hyz,y i, p. 13 ; ii, pp. 49, 182, 273 ; cp. Dalton, Cat, of Early Christian Anti^ities, 8.V. 'Saints'. St. George is found with spear and shield on the coins of Manuel I (PL LXX. 16).
' So at least says an Arab author. ^ i, 5 ; cp. Ducange, Gloss,, s. v. Manlat.
§ 2. MANUEL I— ANDRONICUS I Ixv
As his predecessor had introduced St. George on the coinage, Manuel Introduced Si. Theodore and St. Demetrius. The head of the youthful Chnst, inscribed 'Emmanuel' (PL LXVIII. 15), may perhaps have been chosen as suggesting the name * Manuel \
Manuel I was succeeded by his son Alexius II, a boy of thirteen, but in Oct. 1183, Andronicus (I, Comnenus), a cousin of Manuel and grandson of Alexius I, was associated with him as joint ruler. In Sept. 1184, Andronicus put Alexius -^iJBXIuS II, to death and reigned alone. nub.
The sole reign of Alexius 11 lasted about three _ ^ ' years, and it would seem probable that even in that '
snarehic period coins were struck in his name. No extant pieces can, however, be attributed to him with any certainty, for all the coins inficribed * Alexius' show a bearded head, and we should expect, even amid the conventionalities of Byzantine coinage, that he would be repre- s^ted as beardless. However, to the single year (1188-1184) during which Alexius II reigned jointly with Andronicus I, some of the coins inaeribed with the sole name of ' Andronicus ' may possibly belong.
Andronicus Comnenus is one of the most striking, though not one of the most important, figures who occupied the Imperial throne. He has been described as a Byzantine Alcibiades, and ATtf-n-RmarrrT he was, indeed, in character, as many-sided as his '
Athenian prototype. He had the same ambition, ^^ iiaa-ae t H84 the same intellectual gifts and personal charm, /with Alexius II> • combined with an almost equal want of moral ^^ ^^g^
stability. Viewed from some aspects, he may be _j^2 sept 1186 portrayed as a blood-stained tyrant and a traitor (alone)
to his country. But he appears also as a romantic
adventurer at Turkish courts, and even as a prison-hero. He was, no doubt, a profligate, but (as Mr. Finlay puts it) 'a sober and abstemious profligate.' Certainly he had many qualities of a statesman, and in his brief reign, when he was nearly seventy years old, carried through with iron will reforms which, if begun earlier or continued later, might have propped a falling state.
These reforms were chiefly in finance, judicature, and general ad- ministration. He lightened the taxes and paid the tax-collectors large salaries, that so they might be less tempted to extortion. He abolished many useless posts that had previously been sold to the highest bidder, and appointed to the judicual bench men of professional knowledge and high character. like Basil H and other great Emperors, he tried to curb the feudal nobility, whose vast estates had been acquired to the detriment of the small proprietor. His interference with the public spectacles, and his abolition of court-festivities, were likewise excellent is theory, but probably hardly expedient : certainly these measui'es earned I i
Ixvi INTRODUCTION
for the reformer immense unpopularity, and the people came to have a peculiar detestation of any aged man who wore the forked and pointed beard that was characteristic of Andronicus.^
On 12 Sept. 1185 (when Andronicus had reigned alone but one year), a rising of the mob of Constantinople set on tiie throne Isaac Angelas, a survivor of the great family of the Angeli, which Andronicus had. ruthlessly suppressed. Andronicus was not only dethroned, but put to death with refinements in the way of torture and indignity that can hardly be described.
In his coinage, Andronicus had made no innovations. His nomi8ni& is of gold, electrum, and bronze, but seems to be scarce in the two first metals. When Andronicus was dethroned, great stores of gold, silver, and copper, both coined and in bullion, were found in the palace.-
Isaac n, in his love of pleasure, and inattention — amid a luxurious
court — to public business, recalls king Charles 11, though he had, probably,
XT ^®^® natural ability than the English monarch. His
' reign was signalized by a great rebellion of the
la 8 t iisk Wallachian and Bulgarian peoples between the Haemus
-8 April 1195 *^^ Danube : a new monarchy, the Wallachian, was
formed, and the great work of Zimisces and Basil
was brought to naught. Cyprus, also, was lost to the Empire, and the
rebel Isaac, Ducas Cohnenus, ruled there as 'Emperor' (1184-1191),
and issued coins ^ until he came into ill-advised collision with Richard
the lion-hearted, who seized the island and gave it to Quy de Lusignan.
The revolt of Theodore Mankaphas (1189 and latei*), who became master of the country round Philadelphia, and likewise assumed the title of Emperor, requires some mention hei)e, as, according to Nicetas,^ he struck silver money with his own effigy. But this coinage has not been identified with certainty.^
Isaac n is accused by Nicetas of debasing the currency,^ but it must be said that his extant money is not worse than that of his predecessor Andronicus I, the nomisma being in gold, pale electrum, billon, and bronze J
^ See this beard represented on the coins of Andronicus I, infra, p. 588, No. 1, and PL LXXI. 3, 4.
' Nicetas, 223 ; cp. Finlay, iii, p. 220 ; £. Miller in Bet. num., 1866, p. 40.
' His rebellion had begun in the previous reign. See infra^ p. 597, on his coinage.
* Hist,, p. 522, ed. Bonn : — apyvptov MKOff^t vofutrpa rrfv oiKtlav iy\apd^s iv avrif
* A silver nomisma (ohv., Imperial figure crowned by the Virgin; rev., bust of Christ) is assigned to Mankaphas by Thomsen Cat,, No. 809, PI. I ; but the legend of the obv, seems very indistinct.
' P. 584, ed. Bonn : — dKKa jcal t6 dpyvpiop fCi/Sdi^Xrv^rap dd6Ktnov to v^fuafw. imVo^c. ^ The archangel Michael appears on his coins (PL LXXI. 16) wearing a cuirass and not the long robes in which he is often represented in Byzantine art.
§ 2. ALEXIUS m— LATIN EMPERORS Ixvii
Isaac II was deposed (8 Apr. 1195) by bis brotber Alexius III, wbo blinded him and kept bim in prison.
Alexias III was anotber weak Emperor, beedless of public business. At his accession be made a lavisb distribution of bonours, titles, and money, and was ready (it was said), if requested, to pile AthoB upon Olympos. His coinage is '
abundant and, like tbat of Isaac 11, includes the ^ '
Domisma in gold, pale electrum, and mfenor a a rii hob
metals. But the taxation that he authorized was _.. . . ' .^^^ eruBhing; the army and navy were out of gear;
roads, bridges, and aqueducts were left in a ruined state, and in spite of the magnificence and wealth of the capital, the general condition was one of national demoralization.^
Bis reign ended on 17 July, 1203, when a great blow fell upon tibe Empire with the first capture of Constantinople by the Venetians ind the warriors of the Fourth Crusade.
The Crusaders brought forth Isaac II from his toaap tt
prison and restored him to the throne in conjunction . v
with his son Alexius IV. No coins are known of ^ *.j
and DIB son wis joint reign, which lasted rather more than six aubxiub IV
"^*^ 18 July, 1208
A rising in the capital against the Franks was _28 Jan. 1204. headed by Alexius V, who was crowned 5 Feb. 1204, and stood manfully at his post till the final great AT.TgYTTra v stonning and capture of Constantinople by the DTrnAa called Crnfiaders on 12 April (1204). A nomisma in MuBZxrpmus, hxmxe (Thomsen Cfcrf., No. 811) and a bronze coin crowned
(Sahatier, PI. 58, 14 ^) have been assigned to this ^ p^l^^ 1204 brief reign, but both attributions are perhaps open _j^2 April, 1204. to doubt.
The great orgy of plunder — the pillage of shrine and reliquary ; the destruction of priceless works of ancient art, was followed by the estab- lishment of the new line of Latin Emperors.^ ^ . „..„^ «,»^«'«^«« V ^ •*!. T> ij • n X r TTi J IiATIW EMPEBOBS,
Yet neither Baldwm, Count of Flanders, nor ,^^^ ,-^,
1204^1201 liis successors, who reigned till 1261, appear
to have assumed the Imperial right of coinage. The few bronze coins which Sabatier and others have ascribed to these Emperors bear no Imperial name and belong i-athei* (as I have endeavoured to show^) to the time of Alexius I and the First Crusade.^ M. Schlumberger has well
^ E. Peara, Fall of Constantinople, pp. 102 f., 113.
' A specimen of this coin in the British Museum reads A€CP, the rest of the l^end being quite obscure. It is perhaps of the Empire of Nicaea.
' K Gerland, Gesch. dea hOeinisehen Kaiserreiehes von Konstantinopelj 1905, &c.
* InfiVj p. 564.
* Tet it would appear from Nicetas, that bronze coins were minted circ. 1204, made
Ixviii INTRODUCTION
suggested^ that the coins current under the Latin Emperors, 1204-1261, were the silver coins of Venice, and that the mints were controlled by Venetians.^ This is probable enough when we consider the commercictl importance of Venice at Constantinople; the predominating part that she played in diverting the Fourth Crusade to the capture of the Capital, and the large share that she enjoyed from the spoils of the divided Empire (Crete, the Aegean Islands^ &c.)
The Empire was now split up into a number of feudal principalities,
and into the so-called * Empires' of Nicaea (1204-1261), Thessalonica
(1223-1234), and Trebizond (1204r-1462). The
coins issued by these * Emperors' are of the
THBSSALOinCA ^*°^*^ Byzantine types and fabric,^ but as
ATiTT^ mDis.T>T<7ni«r^ ^^^ dcscription of them lies beyond the scope of
these volumes, we must again take up the story
of the Empire in the year 1261, when Michael VIII, Palaeologus, the
last Emperor of Nicaea, ousted Baldwin II, the last Latin Emperor, and
himself reigned at Constantinople as monarch of the restored Eastern
Empire.
Michael VIII, the first of the dynasty of the Palaeologi, was crowned
on 15 Aug. 1261. He ruled over a shrunken Empire, shorn of its ancient
glories, and was the last Emperor of any con*
inOHABI. Vin, spicuous political and militaiy ability. Under
PAiiABOiiOQUS, ^YxQ Palaeologi, Constantinople, though no longer —
ug. (corona on; j^ ^^^ ^£ Italian competition — the commercial
1261 — 11 Dec. 1282: « ,, ij i.-n j
' emporium of the world, still remained a centre
^^ of artistic and intellectual culture, but the two
8 N 1273 ? ' centuries of their rule are marked by the decadence -11 Deo 1282 ^^ ^^^ Empire as a whole.*
Michael's gold nomismata (PI. LXXIV. 1-4) represent on the obverse the kneeling Emperor supported by St, Michael
from bronze statues melted down : see Nicetas, De Signis^ pp. 856 and 859. 'AXXa xat ravra [statues in the Hippodrome, &c.] K€K6<lKunv fls v6fjuaiia, dinra\\aaa'6fi€voi fUKp&v ra fuydkoj ictX. * Num. de VOrient lot, p. 274.
* The principal denomination in the Venetian coinage was the silver Ducato or Matapan, more often called the Orosso. This coin was instituted by Enrico Dandolo the Doge (a.d. 1192-1205) who took so prominent a part in the capture of Constantinople. (See N. Papadopoli, Monete di VM$zia, i, 1893, p. 84.) The Venetian gold ducat {Zecchino d'aro) was not known in the period of the Latin Empire, for it was first coined in A.D. 1284.
' Those of Trebizond (silver atnrpa) are less distinctively Byzantine.
Umpire of Nicaea. Sab., PL 64-66 ; Engel and Serrure, TmiU de nwm., ii, p. 902.
Empire of Theeaahnica. Sab., PI. 66, 67.
Empire of Tnbizond. Sab., PI. 67-70; F. de Pfoffenhoffen, Eesai eur les aspres Comninats , . . de Tr^bieande, Paris, 1847 ; Engel and Serrure, op. cit., ii, p. 903. On the coins of the Deepotate o/Epirus (1205-1358), Engel and Serrure, ii, p. 901 ; P. Lambros in Numismatische Zeitechri/t (Vienna), iii, 1871-72, pp. 485-500; Schlumbeiger, Num. de VOr. lat, p. 358 f. * Diehl, jhudes hjz., pp. 217 f., 220, 233.
§ 2. MICHAEL Vm- ANDRONICUS II Ixix
tnd crowned by the Saviour. The reverse tjrpe is still more original, and rq^iesents (as Pachjmeres has recorded) the city of Constantinople. The representation is conventional, and consists of the encircling walls, flanked by towers arranged in gi'oups of three. Only the inner wall, the main bulwark {to fi4ya TcJxor) of the city, is reproduced. The outer wall (ri €J0 T€ixo9), which was separated from the inner by a moat, and flanked by towers of lesser height, has not been indicated by the engraver.^ In Uie centre is a figure of the Virgin orans. It is conceivable that the idea of this type may have occurred to the Emperor when, just before hk coronation, he entered Constantinople through the Golden Gate with the image of the Virgin Hodegetria borne before him, or when his attention waa directed — as it soon was — to the restoration of the walls of the city guarded by God or by the Mother of God.
Pachymeres^ states that he debased the coinage more than his pre- deeesors, but an analysis has shown that some (at any rate) of his gold pieces are not inferior in fineness to the gold coinage of an earlier thirteenth-centur3' ruler, Theodore II, Lascaris, of Nicaea, which are '16 carats fine and 8 alloy'.'' Some extant specimens, however (see, e.g., Michael VIII, infra, No. 3), have a brownish colour, which suggests the presence of a considerable alloy of copper.
Michael VIQ was succeeded by his son Andronicus 11^ who had already been joint ruler (from a.d. 12731), and had probably issued bronze coins (see imfira, p. 613, note) in conjunction ^^j^d^oNICUS II with his father. U Deo. 1282 '
The long reign of Andronicus II lasted till _^. -- ' -g«g 1328, and witnessed the rising power of the Ottoman
Turb under Othman, and the incuraion of the Grand Company of the Catalans who, if they drove off' the Seljuks, made conquests on their own behalf and to the Empire's detriment. Moreover, from 1321 till 1325, a civil war went on between Andronicus II and his grandson Andronicus III.
The coinage may be divided into four Periods. In Period I, \. d. 1282- 1295, Andronicus II ruled alone. He struck gold nomismata, much alloyed, generally it would seem with copper.* On these he retains as the reverse type the View of Constantinople, and with some appropriate- QttSi because he himself afterwards undertook (in 1317) a general repair of the fortifications of the Capital. On the obverse, the Emperor appears
^ See Van Millingen, Byzantine Constantinople (The Walls), and cp. the map ffibntupiece) of BondelmontiuB, a.d. 1422, showing the circuit of the walls ; cp. Journal ^^Bfitvlk School at Athens, xii (1905-6), PI. I. 2 ; p. 2U (Hasluck),
' Lib. vi, cap. 8 = vol. ii, p. 493, ed. Bonn, and Svoronos^s comment, Jowti, intemat, *«tfc. iii*m., ii, p. 347 ; Pinlay, Hist., iii, pp. 320. 352.
* H. P. Borrell in Num. Chron,, iv, 1841, p. 21.
* The lowering of the standard of fineness is recorded by Pachymeres ; see Finlay, ^< iii, pp. 320, 397.
Ixx INTRODUCTION
prostrate before the Saviour (PL LXXIV. 10-12), and this figure of
Andronicus recalls the figure of an Emperor (before the enthroned Saviour)
in a well-known mosaic of St. Sophia.^
In Period II, 1295-1320, Andronicus 11 is associated on the coins —
as he was in the Empire — with his son Michael IX. On the gold nomisma
(PL LXXV. 2) Christ is seen in the act of blessing
* or crowning the joint rulers.* We note at this
,« ^^' ,««^ time, or a little later, traces of Western influence
-12 Oct. 1820 .' . m. 1 • • • p u • J
, .^ on the coinage. The silver com is m fabric and
AOT)Bomous n). *yP® * servile copy of the Venetian grostso or
viatapan (PI. LXXV. 17), and some of the bronze
coins have a Western look due to the adoption of the circular inscription
and the type of the cross patt^ or potent with pellets in its angles
(PI. LXXV. 16).
The coinage of Period III, Oct. 1320-1325, is not easily to be identified. On the death of Michael IX in 1320, Andronicus 11 was again left sole Emperor. Some of the coins assigned to Period I may perhaps, therefore, belong to this later period of his solitary rule. There is, again, the possibility that his grandson Andronicus III— though not actually crowned Emperor till Feb. 1325 — may have been associated with Andi^onicus £1 during this period; and, on this hypothesis — not, however, a very likely one — some of the coins assigned to Period IV would belong to Period IIL
In Period IV, 1325-1328, Andronicus II and
^"^2 P^^^^^^ ^^' Andronicus m are associated a^ Emperors. The
^, ,t " coins that have been assigned to them usuaJly
—24: mffty 1328
( 'th ^'^^^^ — perhaps purposely — the rather vague in-
AwDBomous III) »^^*^^^ AVTOKPATOP6C PUJMAIUJN.
^' In May, 1341, on the abdication of Andronicus
ANDRONICUS III ^^' Andronicus III became sole ruler. His coinage
(alone), ^^ scanty, and no gold coins appear to have been
24 May, 1328 struck.^ It was in this reign that Orkhan, the
-16 Jnne, 1341. son of Othman, captured Nicomedia and Nicaea,
and completed the Turkish conquest of Bithynia. Andronicus III was succeeded by his son John V, Palaeologus, a boy of nine. His long i*eign brings us near to the end of the fourteenth JOTTTv V century, and is marked at every stage by loss of
-.,, . ' territory and financial distress. The real Emperor^
16 J 1S4.1 early part of this period was the Servian
-16 Peb 1391 monarch Stephen Dushan who styled himself ' Car
and Autokrator of the Servians and Greeks, the
' Bayet, L*Art hyz., 3rd ed., p. 53, fig. 12 ; Salzenberg, PL XXVII. ' The nomisma (PI. LXXV. 3) representing, apparently, the Empress Irene with her husband and their son Michael IX should be noticed.
^ The coin, No. 1, p. 629, infirit often described as of gold, is really of silver (gilt). * Cp. Gelzer in Erumbacher's Gesch. Byz. Lit., p. 1057.
§ 2. JOHN V— JOHN VI Ixxi
BalgsruLDs and Albanians '. Later, the Sultan Murad I, the successor of Orkhan, extends the Turkish borders to the Balkans, and John V becomes
The dynastic troubles and changes of this period are likewise manifold. At the very outset of John's reign he was opposed by a rival Emperor in the person of John VI, Cantacuzenus, the Grand tottw itt
Domesticus, now chiefly interesting to us as an his- '
torian, and for the part that he played in hastening ^^ '
the invasion of the Turks.^ After a long civil war, / ' -^ _, .
John VI was formally acknowledged Emperor in i847\_T)go 1354 1847, but abdicated in 1354. '
Other Imperial figures flit across the scene. Matthew, the son of John YI, was made joint Emperor with his father in 1358. Manuel II (see farther, infra), the second son of John V, .^^«^^»^^« ..^ wucrownedjoint Emperor m 1373. AndromcusIV, ^q q^x 1976-1379 the eldest son of John V, temporarily ousted his fiither from the throne in 1376, and ruled as Emperor.
It IB disappointing to find the coinage of this whole period so scanty. The unearthing of a hoard, or a more careful examination of the very obscore coinage of the FaJaeologi, may modify our views, but at present it would seem that there . johw v
was no issue of gold money from 1341 to 1391,
vhile even some of the coinages attributed by Sabatier and other numismatists to John V may perhaps have to be withdrawn ; for instance, the bronze and silver pieces inscribed nOAITIKOh4 (p. 632, infra) seem to be rather tickets than coins.
There are no coins that can be readily attributed to John YI or to his son Matthew, though there are some pieces that may be assigned, if not without hesitation, to Manuel 11 (in conjunction with his father, John V), and to the rebellious son, Andronicus IV.
The known straits of the Imperial Treasury, and the shabby make- shifts of a court .where (as at the coronation in 1347) gilded leather took fte place of gold, and glass of precious stones,^ seem to find expression in the mean currency of the period. It may well be suspected that throughout this long reign of John V the Imperial mints almost ceased to be operative, and that the currency of the dwindling Empire was mainly furnished by the abundant issues of Venice and Genoa, its great and intrusive rivals.'
^ Cp. Jorga in B. Z., 1906, p. 222. M. Diehl (hudes byz., p. 232) says:— 'Jean Cantacnzene, viai Bjzantin, au meilleur sens du mot comme au pire: intelligent, instndt, on dee plus habiles politiques de son temps : ^crivain de merite, Tun des plus ^hstingaes de son si^cle ; mais ambitieuz k Texces, sans scrupules, d^nue de sens moral iatant qa*un Borgia, et avec cela capable de sentiments mystiques, et qui finira dans la paix dn clottre sa longue existence troublee.' * Parisot, Cantacuzine, p. 228.
' Cp. Diehl, jSif. byz.f p. 240 f., ' La colonie v^nitienne a Constantinople a la fin du «v« riecle.'
Ixxii INTRODUCTION
A serious effoi*t to restore the Imperial coinage was evidently made
by John Y's son and successor, Manuel II, an able, magnanimous and
TT accomplished man, worthy of a wider Empire than
_, _ ' one that had shrunk almost to Constantinople^
16 Feb 1381-1423 ^"^8*"<>^i^> ^^^ * provmce of Peloponnesus. Me
(d July 1426^ restored the gold nomisma, retaining the familiar
type of the View of Constantinople, but this coin is
now, from whatever cause, extremely scarce, and the bulk of Manuel's
extant currency consists of silver pieces which must have been issued in
considerable quantities. There are three or four denominations of the
silver, the highest of which, judging by the similar coins of Manuel's
successors, was intended to weigh about 135 grains.^
In his struggle with the Turks, Manuel sought aid from the West,
and is now, as then, an interesting figure to Frenchmen and Englishmen.
TOPTW VTT ^^ ^^^ ^® ^^ ^^ London, the guest of King
4 Dec. 1399-1402 ^^^^ ^^'' ^^^^S ^^ absence (till 1402) his
( 'th MAjffTTEii 11^ nephew John VII was regent and co-emperor, and
John is probably the Emperor who figures on
a bronze coin of Manuel II {infra, p. 639). The Turkish pressure on the
Empire was at last relieved by the invasion of Timur, the £a.mous Khan
of the Mongols who, in the great battle of Angora, a.d. 1402, defeated
Sultan Bayezid, and for a time annihilated the Ottoman power. The
Empire had thus a breathing space till 1422, when the Turks — with
renewed hostility — laid siege to Constantinople. In the following year
Manuel, stricken by apoplexy, retired to a monastery, to die two years
later.
Manuel's son John VIII continued the silver coinage on his father's
model. It is now not uncommon, but no gold money is known.^ John's
long reign was passed in peace, but in ignoble
•B., .«^,^« ' peace as a vassal of the Turks. In 1423 his brother,
PALABOLOGUS,
1423-3 Oct 1448 *^® governor of Thessalonica, sold this city to the Venetians, and seven years later it was annexed by the Turks. John's efforts on behalf of the Empire were chiefly confined to the restoration of the walls of the Capital, and to seeking aid &om the Pope against the Unbeliever. In 1438 he attended the Council of Ferrara (a Council continued at Florence), and as the price of such assistance as the Pope afforded him agreed to the union of the Elastem Church with the Church of Rome. It was doubtless in 1438 and at Ferrara that Yittore Pisano made the wax model that he utilized for his well-known medal of the Eastern Emperor.^ Pisano's medal (see Frontispiece to
^ On the silver coinage of this period cp. Finlaj, Hist,, iii, p. 490 n. ' A gold bulla of John VIII is published by Schlumberger, Milangea d'arch, hyz,, i, p. 184, No. V, PI. X. 4.
•'» G. F. Hill, IHsauello, p. 106 f. ; PI. 29.
§ 2. JOHN VIII— CONSTANTINE XI Ixxiii
vqL ii of this work) shows the Emperor's head in profile, wearing a tall, hehnei-like head-dress, with a jewelled apex and a great brim of strange device. And it is interesting to compare this portrait by the first and greatest of the Renaissance medallists with the portrait produced by the latest of the Byzantine mint-engravers, who had inherited traditions readiing back to Constantine and even to Augustus (PL LXXVII. 7-13). The coin-portrait of John may, perhaps, be set aside by some numismatists as purely conventional, since it closely resembles that of his aged father, Manuel IL But this resemblance may be due to a family likeness, and I think we may discern on the coin some attempt at reproducing the mild, grave, irhscmciaTU expression of Palaeologus, which is rendered with SQdi artistic delicacy on the medaL^
Of Constantine XI, John VIII's brother and successor, no coins have been identified.^ It is hard to believe that he struck no money. If his coronation, through taking place at Sparta, did CONSTAWTIWB XI not involve the customary largesses, his subse- -- . ^^g '
qaent entry into Constantinople must have done (orowned%an. 1449) 80, and coins must have been needed even in the _«g ^ iA5S
few troubled years that followed. Constantine,
one of the best and bravest of the Palaeologi, was confronted by Mohammad II, ' the most commanding personality among the whole race of Ottoman Sultans.' ^ A cause of quarrel was soon found by the ambitious Sultan, and the actual siege of the great city guarded of God began in April, 1453. On 29 May the cannon of the Turks made its fatal breach in the walls, and the enemy poured into the city over the dead bodies of the Emperor and his gallant companions. The next day the Sultan ^ entered Constantinople, and the dome of St. Sophia rang with the cry 'Mohammad is the prophet of God.*^
The great edifice of Empire had long been tottering, yet even to
^ Compare also with the head-dress on the medal, the crown on the coin, which is ihaped like a helmet and surmounted by a pearl. In addition to Pisano*s medal there tte two contemporary representations of John YIII : (i) The bas-reliefs on the bronze doors of St. Peter's at Rome by Averlino (called Filartte), These reliefs show the Emperor at the Council of Ferrara-Florenoe ; his departure from and return to Gontantinople. (ii) Bronze bust, life-size, in the Museum of the Propaganda, Rome» closely resembling the medal by Pisano. Lazzaroni and Munoz (Cwnptea rendus^ Acadimie ia InscripHcns, 1907, pp. BOO-309, cp. their monograph Filarete) ascribe it to Filarete, A.0. 1439. Cp. also Hill, op. cit., p. HI n.
' His gold bullae are extant and there is a fine specimen in the Vienna Museum, engrared. Von Sallet, MUnzm und MedaiOen^ Berlin, 1898, p. 105 ; see also Schlumberger, d&ttn^ d'arcK hyz^ i, p. 64 ; cp. B. Z., 1905, p. 743, citing Sp. Lambros.
' Oman, The ByzatUine Empire^ p. 348.
* The bronze coins with Greek inscriptions attributed in Sabatier, PI. 64, 4, 5 to Mohammad II are now recognized as the money of the Danishmend Dynasty: see Caaanoira in Bev, num., 1896, p. 217 and Schlumberger, M^langes^ i, p. 10.
' Oman, op. cit., p. 349.
I k
Ixxiv INTRODUCTION
ihe student who has attentively observed the leading features of its history, art and coinage, the fall seems to come with suddenness. A fiainiliar landmark of the world's history is removed ; and the glory of Byzantium fades almost like the ' insubstantial pageant ' of the magician.
§ 3. Denominations and WEiaHTs.
At all periods the coinage in gold was of the first importance, and extant specimens in this metal are very common. Coins in silver, on the other hand, are now rare, though they were probably fairly abundant in antiquity (cp. p. Ixiii, awpra). The bronze coinage was entirely re- organized by Anastasius I in 498, and imder his successors, till about the time of Constantine IV, formed no unimportant part of the state- currency.
GOLD.
The chief coin is the solidua or, as usually named in Byzantine
authors, the nomisma.^ The weight of this coin varied but little thit>ugh
the long period of its existence. It is always (when
aoT.rnTTA struck at the Capital) of more, than 60 grains, and
the heaviest extant specimens usually weigh from 68 to 70 grains.^ The fineness of the Constantinopolitan nomisma — so far at least as the eye can discern, and in the absence of a systematic series of analyses — is well maintained almost till the reign of Michael VII (a. d. 1071), when the nomisma tends to become an electrum coin. Some- what later, under Alexius I, the nomisma (as explained supra, p. bd) was issued in several difierent metals simultaneously, but there was evidently
^ I am not able here to enter into a detailed account of the vaiying names, or nicknames, borne by the solidus and other Byzantine coins at different periods (Romanati; MichaJati, &c.)- This subject would alone require a little treatise to itself! Some material may be found in Du Gauge's Dissertation on Byzantine Coins; in an article in Bevue archeol, 1876, zxzii, p. 283 ; in Svoronos, Joum. d'ardi. num., ii, p. 845, &a ; A Engel, Recherchea sur la numismatique , , , des Nofynands de SicUe ei d^lMie, Paris, 1882/ pp. 72-75 (nummi schifati; heaantii; Bcmanati, &c.); Diehl, Andes hyz.j p. 249 (kyperpre ; cp. Svoronos, op. cit., ii, pp. 362, 345 n., vircpn-vpop v6fuafui ■» tiie solidns ; Schlumberger, PrincipatUis Franques du Lwant, p. 7 ; Eubitschek in Nwn. ZeUaehHft, zxix, 1897 (1898), p. 168 f., on the solidus, &c., in Egypt). For the world-wide use of the solidus in the time of Justinian I there is the testimony of Eosmas Indicopleustes, cited by Mommsen, Gesck, des r6m. MUnzwesens, p. 817. — On the 'bezant* as money of account in Cyprus and on the bisante bianco of Cyprus (the last-named not an Imperial Byzantine coin), see N. Pftpadopoli, Ze Monete di Venezia, ii, p. 484.— On the name 'bezant' applied (twelfth and thirteenth centuries) to Arab gold coins {difuirs), see P. Casanova in Bev, num.t 1897, p. 535.
' Specimens that attain 70 grains are, however, decidedly uncommon. A solidus of Justin I weighs 70*3 grs. A gold nomisma of John II weighs 74'2 ; one of Alexius III, 74*6 ; SCanuel II, 72-5. The solidus of the ' Provincial ' and ' Italian ' coinages weighs less than 68, viz. 60-65 grs., and is often much alloyed. Throughout this section the weights cited (unless otherwise stated) are those of coins in the British Museum.
§ 8. GOLD AND SUiVER COINAGES Ixxv
an attempt made to preserve at least one type of it unalloyed. The wide European circulation of the * bezants* (nornismata) was probably one reason why the standard of fineness was protected from a more rapid deterioration.
From the time of Anastasius I till the period of Constantino Y, the solidus is accompanied by two small divisions, the half (aemissis) and &e third (trefmissis). After the last-named reim these divisions were not issued with the same regularity, lad in the tenth century they entirely disappeai*.
The semissis always exceeds 30 grains, and the tremissis 20 grains. The usual weight of the semissis may be stated as from 84 to 85 grains, and the weight of the tremissis as from 22 to 23 grains.^ The weights of these divisions point to a solidus of about 70 grains.
In the reign of Basil 11 and Constantino Y III, i. e. about the beginning of the eleventh century, we find (as already noted, p. liii) the curious phenomenon of a heavy and light nomisma side by side. The light coin bears a general resemblance „ to the old solidus in fabric, but weighs, at the
most, only 63 grains.^ The heavy coin is of a novel (cup-shaped) fabric, but maintains the weight of the familiar solidus — 68 to 69 grains.
The light nomisma disappeared under Alexius I (circ. A. D. 1081) or under his predecessor, leaving the heavier scyphate coin in possession of the field. The curious scyphate form has never been satisfactorily ezphuned, and is usually supposed to have been adopted for some meehanical convenience in striking. Yet we find that flat coins (in faronze and silver) of the usual fabric continue to be struck at the same time as the scyphate pieces, and I would suggest that the original reason for the adoption of this peculiar fabric was simply in order to distinguish the heavy from the light nomisma. It would be thus a device of the kmd that we sometimes find in modem coinages when a nickel coin is issued with a hole in its centre, in order that it may be readily distin- guished from any contemporary silver coins which it resembles in size and colour.
SILVER.
The silver coinage, on account of its oompai*ativ6 rarity, cannot be thoroughly studied until something like a Corpus of extant specimens is available; it may be useful, meanwhile, to set forth in detail the weights of representative coins, mainly those in the British Museum.
' The semiBsiB rarely weighs quite 35 grs., though this weight is found under GonstaoB XL The tremissis sometimes slightly eicceeds 23 grs., as 23*2 (Gonstans II) ; 23^ (Constantine lY).
* This weight occurs under Michael VII. The usual weight is 62 grains, a little more or less.
Ixxvi INTRODUCTION
The chief mint is Constantinople. Carthage, Ravenna, and Rome also coin in this metal, but their issues, as a rule, consist only of pieces of the lowest denominationB. The principal coin, till the time of Heraclius, was the mUiaresion (ifniliarenae), which had been introduced by Constantine the Great, and which, after being struck in succeeding reigns, continued to b^ issued by Anastasius I and his immediate successors. Its normal weight approaches 4-55 grammes, i. e« over 70 grains Troy.^
In the following lists the weights (unless otherwise stated) are in Troy grains.
Anastasius I. 29-3 {sUlqua ; ? noimal about 40). 1 gram. 42 — 1 gram. 28 = 22-20 grains {half-aillquaey
Justin I. 61*4 (pierced) ; 60-8,52; also 44*0 gram. (=68 grains) in French coll. (miliaresion). 2 gram. 22 — 2 gram. -09 (=34-83 grains) in French coll. {hoIf-mUmresia),^ 294, 27«9 (sUiquae).
Justinian I. 75-5, 64-8. Specimens in French Coll. 67 to over 68 grains Troy: Dieudonn^, in Rev. rmm., 1899, p. 196; Babelon, Traitiy I, p. 571 {mUiaresion). The small coins of Carthage weigh 19-3, 15«3, 10-1, each of these being of a different type.
Of the four following reigns there are (at least in the British Museum) only coins of small denominations, as follows : —
Justin IE, 16 (Constantinople mint) ; 18-4 (Carthage mint).
TiBEKius II. 17«7, 9.7 Carthage ; 7 Ravenna. (A large silver medallion, Photiades Cat, PI. I, No. 225).
Maubige Tiberius. (No Constantinople silver) ; 14-5, 12*3 Carthage ; 5*6 Ravenna.
Phocas. (No Constantinople silver; cp. p. 164, note 2, infra), 9-5 Carthage (injured) ; 6-5 Ravenna.
Heraclius. Under Heraclius, in a. d. 615, a new silver coin, the Iiexagram, is issued (cp. p. 195, n., infra). This coin generally weighs more than 100 grains: the highest weight in the British Museum is 105*3. Its issue is continued in the three following reigns, and under Heraclius it was coined at Ravenna as well as at Constantinople. Also, coins weighing 10-5, 11-6, 12-7 (worn) all of Carthage ; 7 Ravenna.
CONSTANS II. 104*8, 105*5 (hexagram ; abundant) ; 8*2 Carthage ; 6*2 Rome ; 5*5 Ravenna.
Constantine IV. 102*2 (hexagram) ; 8 Rome ; 4-7 Ravenna.
Justinian II. 102-3 (hexagram).
Tiberius III, Philippicus, Anastasius II, Theodosius III, Leo III. No coins in British Museum. (A coin of Tiberius III in Rev. num,^ 1865, p. 286, weighs 3*32 grammes (about 51 grains) ; perhaps a clipped specimen of the hexagram.)
' Babelon, Traite, i, p. 570. 2 i^jja., i, p. 579.
»Ibid.,l.c.
§ 3. WEIGHTS OF SILVER COINS Ixxvii
CoNSTANTiNE V. The hexagram having ceased to be coined, Con- stantine V (a. d. 741-775) inaugurated a silver piece characterized by its thin, flat fSskbric, and by a reverse ' type ' consisting entirely of an inscription. Hub coin was minted in most succeeding reigns, ai^d remained, practically, the sole representative of Byzantine silver currency till the reign of Alexias L Extant specimens, which are often fairly common, vary a good deal in weight : the coin often attains more; than 40 grains, and sometimes reaehes 50 grains.
CoNSTANTiNE V, 29-8 (wom). At Rome, a coin of 7-6.
Leo rV. 82-7. — Constantine VL 41.— Michael I and Theophylact. 82-6.— Leo V. 34-5. — Michael II. 26.— Theophilus. 47-5.— Michael III. 31-6 (pierced). — Basil L 42*6 — Leo VI. 44, 48*7 — Pebiod of Constan- TIKE VII. 50-2. — NiCEPHORUS H. 44-4. — John I. 497 — Basil II and Constantine VIII. 46-2. An exceptional specimen (ii, p. 487, note 1, infra) weighs nearly 67 grains, and would seem to belong to a special doiomination. — (Constantine VIII, alone, Romanus III, Michael IV and V. No silver coins in British Museum.)
Constantine IX. 23 gmins. Nos. 16 and 17, p. 502, infra, are of another module and fabric. They weigh 324 and 37 gi'ains respectively, and must originally have weighed more.
Theoboba. About 19 grains (pierced: Paris Coll.). — Michael VL (No silver in Brit. Mus.). — Isaac I. 1 gram. 38 (= over 21 grains), Paris. — Constantine X. 19-5 grains (pierced; Brit. Mus.); 24 grains (pierced; Ptois).— Romanus IV. With rev. Bust of Virgin, 11-3 (broken and pierced) ; with rev. Vii-gin and Child, inscr., nAP0€N€ COI &c., 41-8.
Michael Vin. Obv. Two busts ; rev. Inscr., 34-3. Sev. Virgin stand- ing, 38'S (pierced). Obv. Christ seated. Eev. Inscr. 16-7 (wom). Obv. Bust of Virgin. JReu. Inscr. 20-7.
NiCEPHORUS III. JBev. Inscr. 18 grains (Berlin Mus.).
Alexius I (a. d. 1081-1118), who made changes in the nomisma, introduced a new silver coinage. Though, like his predecessors, he issues a thin coin with the reverse consisting of an inscription (a specimen in Brit Mus. weighs 32 grains), his silver money consists mainly of thick pieces of small module which are usually of the same fabric and general appearance as his bronze coinage. The types employed are numerous, but the denomination throughout is the same, as follows : —
Obv. Emperor standing. Bev. Christ standing. 60«3.
Obv. Emperor standing. Rev. Christ seated. 58.
Obv. Bust of Emperor. Bev. Christ seated. 57-2.
Obv. Bust of Emperor. Rev. Bust of Christ. 50-6.
Obv. Bust of Emperor, Rev. Bust of Virgin. 54-8.
(John n, Manuel I, Andi'onicus I, Isaac II. No silver coins in Brit. Mqs.).
Ixxviii INTRODUCTION
Alexius in strikes a coin of the old thin fabric with rev. Inscription. A worn specimen in Brit. Mus. weighs 16-8 grains. — (Miohael VIIL No silver in Brit. Mus. : Photiades Gat,y No. 573, describes a silver coin.)
Under Anbbonigus II and Michael IX (a.d. 1295-1320) a serious attempt was made to restore the silver currency, and a model was found in the grom) (or matapan)^ the neatly struck silver coin of the Venetians. Coins (in the British Museum) struck on this model weigh as follows : — Andronious n and Miohael IX, 31*1. (There is also a lower denomina- tion, rev. Cross radiate and circular inscr., weighing 20.) — Andronious II and in, 82-4, 82*8, 31 ; Andbonicus m, 33-6.
John V. Jtev. Bust of Christ, 15*4 (pierced and worn). — (John VI. No coins known.) — Andbonicus IV. Small silver or billon, 18«2, 10.6.
Under Manuel II (a.d. 1391-1423) there is again a reform in the silver coinage, and specimens in this metal are still comparatively abundant. Manuel had re-introduced the gold nomimtmy but it does not seem to have been an important element in the currency of the time. The weights of the silver coins in the Brit. Mus. are as follows : — Si25e -95. Wt. 111-5 (broken). Sizes .&-7. Wt 544, 54-6, 55-2, 56-5, 558. Size .6. Wt. 142 (broken), 11-3, 8. Of John VIII (a. d. 1423-1448) no gold coins are known. His silver is of the same character as that of Manuel II, as follows : — Sizes 1.1-1.05. Wt 132, 133.8, 129. Sizes .fr-.r. Wt 53, 45-6. Sizes .65-6. Wt 17.2, 12-5 clipped. (Constantine XI, no coins known.)
BRONZE.
The bronze coinage introduced by Anastasius I remained the model
of the Imperial currency till about the time of Constantine IV (died 685).
It bore marks of value, an indication of the mint and
COIITAOS officina, and (from the twelfth year of Justinian I) the
date of issue. The weights of extant specimens vary
very greatly, even in the case of coins that bear identical marks of
value, yet, when due allowance is made for the exceptional wear and
tear which Byzantine bronze coins seem to have undergone, it becomes
clear that the weight of the original flans was adjusted with considerable
care.
The chief denominations are marked M (the follis), K, 1, C, being pieces of 40, 20, 10, and 5 nummia. These pieces are mainly stmck at Constantinople, at the Asiatic mints (Cyzicus and Nicomedla), and at Antioch and Carthage. Thessalonica has, to a great extent, denominations
of its own. At Alexandria, the usual denomination is 1 LJ, i. e. 12 nummia.
§ 3. BRONZE COINAGE Ixxix
Anastasius I. The coinB marked M, K, 1, are struck in two main series: (i) of large module; (ii) of small module. The coins of small module are always lighter tiian those of the large size, no attempt }xing made to add to their weight by increasing their thickness. We are thus in presence of a heavy and a light coinage, the latter being about half the weight of the former. This system appears to have been partially continued by Justin I, but not hy his successors.
{Large Module) M 301.6, 287, 282.6, 278, 276, 260, 252. K 140-5, 188, 124.
I 62.2,
{Small Module)
M 162, 155, 150.6, 148, 121-5, 1194. k 87-7, 77-8, 702, 66. I 38-6, 857, 88.
€ 88.4, 84.2, 80.
JUSTIH I.
{La/rge Module) M 284-2, 282.2, 275-5 (at Nicomedia not above 269-2). K 189-6, 187.2, 126-7, 118.
{SmaU Module) (M and K coins are described by Sabatier of the Constantinople mint)
I 85, 76-6, 752, 68, 566. 6 88-7, 885, 866.
Justinian I.
{Profile type)
M 278-2, 275-6, 2648; at Nicomedia, 285.
K 148.
I 115, 90-8, 83 and lower; 67 at Nicomedia; 94 at Carthage; 644 at Bavenna.
X 102-4 Carthage; 58 Sicily. 6 62-2, 51.6. Others of 30, &c.
Ixxx INTRODUCTION
{FvlL-fdce type)
This type was introduced in A. D. 538/9 (Justinian's twelfth year), and the weight of the coins was inci'eased.
M In the earlier years of the issue the weight is almost always above 800 grains (363.8, 8392, 852). From year 20 (a.d. 546/7) to the end of the reign the weight of 300 grains is hardly ever reached (298-6, 283-2, 281, 2644, 247.7).
K 180.6, 158-7, 149 Constantinople; 174-2 Nicomedia; 176-2 Cyadcus; 98, 76 Thessalonica; 206.3 Carthage.
At AlexaTidria, IB (12) coins, wt. 84-3;^ S (=6), wt. 52; and 1 (= 8), wt. 82 (cp. p. 62, note 1, infra). Also the denomina- tion Al (88 nummia), wt. 223.3 (cp. p. 62, note 1, infm).
At Thessalonica exceptional denominations occur (cp. p.. 43,^ note, infra)i as follows : —
IS (16;, wt 123.6, 104.
H (8), wt. 72.2 (highest).
A (4),wt. 26.5.
r (3),wt. 17.2.
B (2),wt. 12,,
Justin IL The coins show a falling off in weight as compared with Justinian's coinage.
M 2355, 2484 Constantinople; 2482 Nicomedia.
K 128 Constantinople; lighter at Thessalonica; 153-6 Carthage.
XX 79-7 Rome.
I 46-4 Thessalonica ; 77.4 Antioch ; 75-6 Carthage.
X 83 Carthage ; 47 Sicily.
I B 79-7 Alexandria.
Tiberius IL
M 277 Constantinople; 260-2 Nicomedia ; 242-2 Cyzicus; at Antioch generally below 200 grains, the highest weight being 238-8.
^ For weights of coins of Alexandria in various reigns, see Kubitschek in Num. Zeitsehrift, xxix, 1897 (1898), p. 193 f. This piece of * 12 ' was in Egypt reckoned as the foais, ibid., p. 183 f.
§ 3. BRONZE COINAGE. PHOCAS Ixxxi
A/\/\, a new denomination (p. 110, infra\ wt. 199-6.
XX 121.8 Constantinople (p. 110) ; 133.7 Nicomedia ; 102-7 Antioch ; 99.7 Rome.
K 97.4 Thessalonica ; 121 Antioch.
1\ 66 Constantinople (p. 111).
1 55*6 Constantinople ; 72*5 Ravenna.
LI (5) 42-1 Constantinople.
IB 7^6.3, 84.4 Alexandria.
Maurice Tibebixjs.
M Nearly always below 200 grains. The heaviest specimen at Constantinople weighs 206*6 ; at Nicomedia, 213*6. At Cyzicus only one specimen reaches 200. At Antioch always below 200.
K generally below 100. Highest weight, 109*9.
1 504» Constantinople ; 51*5 Cyzicus; 56*6 Antioch; 66*4 Sicily.
C 37*1 Constantinople ; 36 Carthage.
IB 78-2, 8O.5 Alexandria.
XX 125.6 Caithage; 97*1 Rome.
X 672 Carthage; 63 Sicily; 366 Rome.
V 56.4 Carthage.
At Gherson (pp. 158, 159, infra\ in addition to M and K coins, there
are pieces marked H (wt. 190*7, 178*6) and A (wt. 101-9). These are respectively pieces of 8 pentanummia (5 nummia x 8
= 40 nummia^ i.e. M), and 4 pentanummia (5 nummia x4
= 20 nummia, L e. K).
Phocas.
M 220-8 Constantinople, year 1. At Antioch, of lower weight (177, 166-5, &C.).
XXXX introduced in year 2. Wt. 195, 194, 192*8, 185*7; at Ravenna, 95.8.
K 99-2, 87.7 both at Thessalonica.
XX 115.8, 111*7 Constantinople. At Thessalonica the rudely- prepared flans weigh less (98-7, &c.). At Antioch, 84*6.
X 50-1, 60 Carthage ; 32 Rome. I 1
Ixxxu INTRODUCTION
€ 27-5 Caiihage. U 39*2. IB 48-7, 41-6 Alexandria, Hbkaclius and Family.
M The weight of the foUis is now considerably lower than in. previous reigns (188*2, 168-2, 151, 145), and many of the latex- specimens in this reign fall below 100 gi-ains. If a high weight occasionally occurs, it is because the coin has been restruck ; thus 226 grains, restruck on a coin of Tiberius 11; 216-5, restruck on Justin II.
/\/\XX at Carthage, 251-5 (worn).
/\ (30) a scarce denomination (Constantinople, p. 210, infra), 90,
restruck on M coin ; 74-8 (restnick : cp. Sab., i, p. 68).
K 84-6, 83.7. At Carthage, 96-5, 1294 ; at Rome, 994.
XX At Carthage, 137-2, 129-6, 86-6; at Rome, 59-9.
X At Carthage, 70, 59, 48-7.
V At Carthage, 29-6.
IB 225 (exceptionally large), 174*6, 144, 121, and lower. Also 55-4 and 51*6 of thinner fabric (Alexandria).
S 82 grs. Another series weighs 50 or less (Alexandria). Sicily. The M coins are those of Anastasius I, Justin I, &c., counter- marked by Heraclius. Also 1 (10 nummia) 66-7, 63-7.
CoNSTANS II. ConstarUiTiople. The M coins are now small, rudely struck, and frequently restruck. The weight is usually considerably under
100 grains and even under 50. K coins weigh 44 grains and less.
CaHhage. M 113-1. XXXX 130. XX 101-3; usually under 100
grains. /V 53-5. Sicily. M Small; wt. under 100. 1 61-5 and less.
Rome. /\/\ 79 and less. K about the same weight as /\/\*
X about 20.
CoNSTANTiNE IV. The PQ coins are once again of large module (wt. 290, 274-7), but this is because they are, in all probability, coins
of the fifth and sixth centuries restruck. K weighs 94-3 and less. 1 59-7.
XX at Rome, FO-5 and less.
Justinian II — Leo III. The coinage inaugurated by Anastasius I, disappeared, after many vicissitudes, under Constantine IV. The bronze
currency is now represented by a small foUis, marked M, without date; even this coin seems almost to be absent (till the time of Constantine V)
§ 8. BRONZE COINAGE. CONSTANTINE X Ixxxiii
from CaQstantinople, and to be struck only at the less important mints.
(Justinian XL M at Carthage and in Sicily, wt. under 100 grains.
Tiberius HL M at Ravenna, wt. 77-6.)
CoNSTAi^TiNE V (iL D. 741-775). M The foUis (now bearing on the
leverse a type in addition to the mark of value M) is re-introduced at Constantinople. There is a heavy coinage of this denomination with a maximum weight of about 181 grains, and a light coinage weighing from 80 to 40 or less. The * Provincial ' coins (cp. p. xxxiii, supra) ^ which bear no mark of value, weigh frrom about 40 to 56 grs*
Leo IV. M 97-5, 795. CONSTANTINE VL 56-4, 87. IBENE. M 616.
NiCEPHOBira I and Staubacius. M 115. * Provincial ', 61-5. Michael I and Theophtlact. M 89,752. * Provincial', 29-9. Leo V. M 91-2. ' Provincial ', 904, but often less. Michael U. M 116-8, 92-3. * Pro vindal ' under 100 grains.
Theophilus. M Constantinople, 116-1, 105. Without mark of value (foUis), 138, 122-2, all specimens exceeding 100 grains. A smaller denomina- tion weighs 68-1. * Provincial ', M, 75-5. Without mark of value, 69-8.
Michael III. Follis, 128-7. 'Provincial', 60-6 (M); 84 (without mark of value).
Basil L Follis, 120-4, 121. •Provincial', 328 (without mark of value). Cherson. 117*1, also 56, and a smaller denomination.
Leo YL Follis, 135-8, 123-8, 111-2. Another denomination 68. Ghersor^ 48.
CoNSTAKTiNE VII (PERIOD OF). Follis, 164 grains, but generally less (119-8, &C.). Cheraon, 136-6 ; another denomination, 65-2.
Nicbphobub n, Phocas. Follis, 113-1. Cherson^ 60-3.
John I. Follis, 318-6. The restruck pieces weigh much less. Cherson, 44*8.
Basil II and Constantine Vin. Size 1-35, weighs 256-5 ; size 1-1, weighs less. Cheraon, 57.
CJOKSTANTINE VH 182-7.
Romanijs m. 162-4.
Michael IV. 275-2, Mostly restruck.
CiONBTANTINE IX. 151-6.
Theodora. 165-3 and a small denomination* Some restruck. Michael VL Chiefly restruck pieces. Isaac L 128, 120-8. Constantine X. Chiefly restruck.
Ixxxiv INTRODUCTION
Rom ANUS IV. 156.5.
Michael VII. 146.8.
NiCEPHORUS III. Chiefly restruck.
Alexius I. As in the gold and silver coinage, Alexius introduces changes in the bronze which, more often than not, in the reigns of many of his predecessors had been restruck on old flans. His bronze coins are generally of small module, and weigh 68.5 grains, though often less. There is a smaller denomination weighing about 20.
John n. 78, 67.4. Smaller denomination, 36-3.
Manuel I. 63-3 and less. (Sizes .85—6.)
Andronicus I. 69. (Sizes •85—65.)
Isaac II. About 81-3 and less. (Sizes .9—65.)
Alexius III. 66-6, &c. (Sizes •75—6.)
Michael VIIL 34,29-4. (Size -85.)
Andronicus II. 48-3 and less. (Sizes .9-.7.)
Andronicus II and IIL 404.
Andronicus III. 53-4.
Manuel n. 34.6.
John Vill. Small bronze, 14-4, &c.
The coins, at all periods, consist mainly of copper with an alloy of tin and zinc, and often of lead. Some analyses recorded by Bibra and by Sabatier are brought together by J. Hammer in his article, *Der Feingehalt der griech. u. rom. Munzen ', in Zeit. filr Nuni.y 1907, pp. 140, 141.
§ 4. Types, Art, and Portraiture.
Although most of the intei-esting types found on Byzantine money have been already referred to as they made their appearance in the reigns noticed in our historical summary (§ 2), it may be convenient here to take a more general survey of the coinage as a whole, with especial reference to its types, art, and portraiture.
Byzantine coinage^ as regai*ds type, fabric, and mechanical execu- tion, may be said to have its roots deep in the past. Thus, the gold
coins of Anastasius I (a.d. 491-518), the fii-st
-^ J. ^ . Emperor dealt with in these volumes, are simple
Syzantine Coinago.
reproductions of those of his predecessor Zeno.
Zeno followed the traditions of Arcadius (a.d. 395), the ruler of the Eastern
division of the Boman Empii-e. Arcadius went back to Constantine, and
the coinage of Constantine, though in some respects an innovation, can yet
be shown to be evolved from that of Augustus, as the money of Augustus
can be traced — by a circuitous course — to the model furnished by the
portrait-coins of the Greek successors of Alexander.
§ 4. ART OF BYZANTINE COINS Ixxxv
The Byzantine coinage, therefore, in its choice of types follows the custom of earlier kings and Emperors, that is to say, its types are in the main either Imperial (such as busts or figures a ral Yl raGtar of the Emperor and his family), or religious, in the of the tvnes
latter case the deities of the classic pantheon being
replaced by sacred emblems, by the Saviour and the Virgin, and, in the later periods, by the Saints.
Secular types, apart from those of strictly Imperial import, can hardly be said to exist. If the coins of Anastafiius and of many of his successors display the conventional figure of Victory, it is yet a Victory whose sceptre is surmounted by the cross or the saci'ed monogram (PL I. 1 ; PI. IV. 9) ; if Michael VlJLl introduces a topographical type — a view of Constantinople — he at the same time represents its patron and protectress the Blessed Virgin (PL LXXIV. 1, 2). Justin II represents the City, or the City-Tyche 'Constantinople' (PL XL 1), but she holds the cross-surmounted orb, and even this type is said to have been objected to as pagan, and it was at any rate removed by his successor to make way for the cross.^
An exception to the prevailing character of Byzantine coin-types may seem to be found in the great bronze currency instituted by Anastasius I, the chief feature of which is the bold indication, on the reverse, of the value
of the coin (M ; K, fee): even here, however, the cross is usually present, though in a subordinate position.
Coinage, whether in the ancient or modem world, has rarely — except in the case of the Greeks — reached the level of fine art, if by fine art we miderstand (with Ruskin) a product to which the mu t^ t
hand, the brain, and the heart have simultaneously ^^ Coins
contributed. The Byzantine currency as a whole cannot certainly be reckoned among the artistic coinages of the world, yet a dose examination of it suggests that it has. been (from the artistic stand- point) unduly depreciated.^ In execution it is often, indeed, either careless or unskilful, and in the choice of types limited in range, yet it is not hard to find individual specimens which have some of the charm of art, and in most periods it may be said to display, if not artistic quality, yet at any rate a certain numismatic propriety. I would instance the typical Byzantine bronze coins where the reverse consists of a large letter, or rather, numeral, which forms a bold and not undecorative device.' Such a reverse cannot iairly be compared with reverses that attempt a figure-subject, but, given the oommercial necessity of clearly marking each coin with its value, the Byzantine engraver has done well. The same sort of propriety may be found also in those reverses which merely consist of an inscription — in the
^ See the statement of John of EphesuB noticed supm, p. xiz. * On the influence of Byzantine coins on other coinages, see Keary, Numismatie CknmicU, 1886, p. 77 ff. ; Macdonald, Chin Types, p. 251. »e.g.Pl. IL3. 4; VL 9, 10, 11.
Ixxxvi INTRODUCTION
bold letters of the coins of John Zimisces, for instance, with their littie ornament above and below the writing (PI. LV). In the case of the silver coins, again, where the reverse is made up only of an inscription, a not inelegant finish is provided by the triple border (e.g. PL LDI aja.<l PL LIV).
We shall probably be able to make a more satisfactory survey of tlie ^ . , ^ vai-ied details of types and portraiture if we divide
the whole Byzantine coinage mto some six or seven periods, fixed, partly by historical considera- tions, partly by observing impoitant changes in the coins themselves.
Period I. Anastasius I — Constantine IV (a. d. 491-685).
Period II. Justinian II — Theodosius III (a.d. 685-717).
Period III. Leo HI— Theophilus (a.d. 717-842).
Period IV. Michael III— John I (a.d. 842-976).
Period V. Basil II and Constantine VIII— Nicephorus III (a.d. 976—
1081). Period VI. Alexius I— Alexius IV (a.d. 1081-1204). Period VII. Michael VIII, Palaeologus — Fall of Constantinople
(a.d. 1261-1453).
Period I. Anastasius I — Constantine IV (a.d. 491-685).
In the annals of the coinage, this period is remarkable for the number of mints that were in operation, and for the abundant issues of bronze money.
The reverses of the bronze coins consist, as already remarked, of a conspicuous numeral indicating the mai*k of value. The reverses of the gold coins do not, at first, diverge much from the ' ^^ ' models furnished by the predecessors of Anastasius I, and Victory remains the stock type. Justin II introduces * Constantinople ' on his gold (PI. XI. 1), for which his successor Tiberius 11 substitutes the cross — a cross potent, on steps. Maurice Tiberius restored the Victory, but the cross potent was once more adopted by Heraclius, and proved to be one of the longest-lived of Byzantine coin-devices.
Next with regard to the representations of the Emperor seen on the obverse.^ At fii'st, the coins display the fully armed helmeted bust that
had been familiar on Imperial coins since the reign
verse- yp s of Arcadius. A bust in coTisiUar dress was intro-
T ^'ai duced by Tiberius 11 and occurs at intervals in
later periods of Byzantine coinage. The full-length
figure also occasionally occurs in this period.
' The Emperor rarely occupies the reverse, but see PL III. 1, Gloria Bomanorum^ and the equestrian figure of Justinian I on the large gold medallion, frontispiece, toI. i.
§ 4. PERIOD I. PORTRAITURE Ixxxvii
The Empress does not appear — even Theodora is not an exception — till the reign of Justin II, when Sophia is represented enthroned beside her hiisband. Similar representations, seated or standing, which were probably aoggested by statues, are found in the case of Anastasia the wife of 'nberius II, and of Leontia the wife of Phocas.
Maurice Tiberius (on the coins of Cherson) i*epre8ent8 his son as well AS his wife (PL XIX. 22-23 ; PI. XX. 1), and Heraclius establishes the praetiee, followed down to the latest periods of coinage, of representing two or more members of the Imperial family in addition to himself Such representations, though often extremely quaint and. apparently, conventional (cpu PL XXHL 10-12; PL XXXL 1, 2; PI. XXXVII. 9), are pleasing to look upon, as are all family groups in which the young are mingled with dieir elders. (Cp. the pleasing heads of Heraclius and his son, PI. XXIII. 5 ; cp. also PL XXXIII. 8 and 10.)
The Imperial busts and figures of the coins are not merely valuable for
detailB of costume, but are — or may be presumed _
. « , . • -n 1 0 Portraiture on
to be — ^interestinc? for their portraiture. But before ^ ^. ^ .
. "^ I Ti Byaantine Corns,
notieing these portraits one by one, it may be well
to say a few words as to the conditions under which they can be profitably
studied.
Nearly all extensive coinages — those of France and England, for example — which both precede and follow the Renaissance period, present us with r^al portraits of two kinds — the conventional portrait and the daracterized portrait. We determine a portrait to be conventional when it appears on the coins of several different monarchs unchanged, except, perhaps, in small details of coiffure or head-dress. Such a portrait is the youthful head which on our English coinage does duty for the early Edwards and Henries. When, on the other hand, each ruler--as, in our own coinage, first Henry VII, then Henry VHI—is distinctly differentiated by the engraver, we have the characterized portrait. Unfortunately, such a portrait is not necessarily characteristic or true to the original, and we can only decide whether the characterized portrait is faithful or otherwise by comparing it with other contemporary portraits, preferably those by a painter or sculptor, whose work belongs to a higher sphere of art and who is free from the trammels and limitations of the craftsman of the mint.
But in the Byzantine series it is not otten that we can confront a ooin-portrait with a contemporary portrait found elsewhere. Even when this is possible (as when we compare the Justinian of coins with the Justinian of the Ravenna mosaics) the trustworthiness of the non- numismatic monument may itself be open to question. The small scale on which the Imperial heads are reproduced on coins is one obstacle, in the case of not very skilful engravers, in the way of attaining life-like portraiture. Again, the mechanical rendering of the eye by a mere globule
Ixxxviii INTRODUCTION
or pellet constantly interferes with the likeness. We may see this by comparing the heads of certain Empei'ors found on coins with those th&t appear in the miniatures of the Zonaras MS. referred to in detail later on (p. xcvi, infra). Coin and miniature often agree as to the contour of the face and the treatment of the beard, but the coin makes no attempt, as the miniature does, to represent the eye with truth to nature. The task of discriminating between the characterized portrait and the portrait that is not only characterized but also faithful thus becomes a delicate one, and in many cases appears to be hopeless.
In studying Byzantine coin-portraits, then, the first step is to rule out of court all representations that can be demonstrated to be conventional. Thus, it is quite certain that the beardless profile-head that is invariably found on the eemissea and tremiaaea is conventional, because it subsistB unchanged through several centuries, and in each reign accompanies sclidi which bear a totally different Imperial image.^ Commercial reasons — ^such as the popularity of these small denominations of the gold currency with barbarians and foreigners — probably led to the retention of the purely conventional effigy. Again, there are certain whole periods during which the same, or nearly the same, portrait is served up as the representation of different Emperors ; such conventional representations occur, for instance, in our second Period.
Turning to the portraits of the present period we find that the
representation of the first Emperor, Anastasius I (PI. I. 1), is undoubtedly
^^^ conventional, for it is a beajxlless, armed bust resembling
the busts of his predecessors. The same view must
be taken of the similar bust of Justin I (PI. II. 10).'
Passing over, for the moment^ the representations of the great Justinian, we reach the reigns of Justin II, Tiberius II, and Maurice Tiberius. The busts of these Emperors, though differing in some details (e. g. Tiberius II introduces the consular costume, PI. XIV. 5), resemble in essentials not only one another but also the head of Justinian (PI. IV. 12). We cannot therefore regard them as true portraits; for if the head of Justinian is decided to be conventional, then these heads are cleai'ly in the same case; if, on the contrary, the Justinian head is a true portrait, then these heads merely reproduce the features of Justinian without material modification.
The next Emperor, Phocas, presents a characterized portrait, and
1 In aome cases, e.g. PL XXXI. 4, 6; PI. XXXIII. 11-U, it might be thought that the semisses and tremissea bear a tme, or at least a characterized, portrait. But the examination of a number of specimens will prove that it is merely the same youthful bust barbarously rendered.
* Equally conventional are the beardless heads in profile found chiefly on the bronze coins of Anastasius I and Justin I, and in the first coinage of Justinian I. They are to be classed with the conventional beardless heads found on the semisses and tremisses.
§ 4. PERIOD I. HERACLIUS, ETC. Ixxxix
a 8h<Bi^ pointed beard (PL XX. 4, 5, 12; PL XXII. 16, profile, bended). Having in view the fact that this portrait diflfers markedly from the oonventional heads of his three predeeessors, we may, I think, venture to regard it as a true likeness. A similar head is repeated on the seals of this Emperor.^ Of Heradins, four representations are found : —
1. With pointed beard. PL XXIII. 1.
2. With short beard and helmet. PL XXIIL 2, 8.
3. With short beard and crown. PL XXIII. 4-8 ; PL XXVIII. 3, 4.^
4. With long beard. PL XXIH. 9.
No. 1 (PI. XXni. 1) is, as I have already pointed out (p. xxiii, supra), simply a repetition of the portrait of Phocas (PL XX. 4), made probably before the engraver to the mint had been able to obtain a * sitting' from ihe new Emperor. No. 2 (PL XXIIL 2, 3) represents Heradius with a close beard, not pointed. It is a characterized portrait, but not one to be depended on as a likeness. It is really the conventional head of Tiberius II or Maurice Tiberius, with the addition of a fringe of beard : the eyes, too, are clumsily represented by prominent pellets, as they were, indeed, in the case of Phocas.
The portrait No. 3 (PL XXIIL 4r-8 ; XXVIIL 3, 4) has a better claim to be accepted as a likeness of Heraclius.^ In the case of the coin %ored PL XXIIL 7, an engraver of more than ordinary skill was evidently at work, and other coins, though less carefully executed (e. g. PL XXIIL 4 ; XXVIII. 4) present a portrait which does not materially differ from the model of PL XXIIL 7.
The last portrait, No. 4 (PL XXIH. 9 ; cp. XXIII. 11), may readily be held to furnish evidence that Heraclius in the latter part of his reign grew a beard of portentous length and a moustache in accordance, but, probably, it does not well reproduce the features of the Emperor, for the eye is strangely represented by a ring with the centre hollowed out.*
Constans II, son of Heraclius Constantine, and grandson of the Emperor Heraclius, is represented by three portraits : —
1. Beardless head. PL XXX. 12, 13.
2. Short beard. PL XXX. 14, 15.
3. Long l)eard. PL XXX. 16-21.
* See »upra, pp. xxii, xxiii, and the description of Cedrenus there referred to.
* On the delicately executed gold coins of Carthage, PL XXVII. 11, 12, Heraclius weaiB a milder aspect than on the coins of Constantinople, and the bfeard is more pointed. The bronze coin of Carthage, PL XXVII. 21, has, however, the portrait of the Constantinopolitan coins.
' On the personal appearance of Heraclius, see the description of Cedrenus, cited p. xxiv, supra,
* This way of representing the eyes is found on some coins with portrait No. 3, e. g. PL XXIII. 4, which may be contrasted with PL XXIII. 7.
I m
xc INTRODUCTION
The coins on which these portraits occur were issued, so far as can be made out (see infra^ p. 255 n.), at three periods, when Constans ^was about eleven, sixteen, and twenty-one, but none of the portraits tally well with the age of the issuer. It must be said, however, that No. 2 (PL XXX. 14), with its long-drawn visage, recalls the portrait of Heraclius Constantine (father of Constans), as seen in PI. XXIII. 9, and has so far a claim to be considered life-like. On the other hand, No. 3 is a slavish reproduction of the long-bearded head of Heraclius ; cp. PI. XXX. 17 with
PI. xxin. 9.
Constantine IV, son of Constans II, has a bust strongly characterized, in so far as it is almost invariably that of a wariior in panoply ; but whether the portrait is a faithful one seems open to question, for the general idea of the armed bust has evidently been suggested by, and copied from, much earlier coins, probably those of the firat issue of Justinian I. Fui*ther, in the case of many representations, such as PI. XXXVn. 10-12, we are precluded from relying on the portraiture, owing to the mechanical rendering of the eyes by hollowed-out circles.
rtm.-H f ^® ^*^® ®^^ ^ notice the portrait of Justinian I.
, _^. . , The material for a discussion of the subject is mainly Jufltmian I. i. n , '^ "^
as lollows ^ : —
1. Solidus, three-quarter face, circ. A. D. 527 (PL IV. 9, 10).
2. Solidus and bronze coins, /W^/oce, a.d. 588 and later (PL IV. 11,
12; VII. 1, 3; VIII. 4, &c.); cp. gold medallion, a.d. 584?
frontispiece to voL i, and p. 25. 8. Bronze coins struck at Rome (by the Ostrogoths, or by Justinian ?)
with profile head of Justinian (Pinder and Friedlaender, Die
Milnzen Juatinians, PL V. 3). 4. Barberini ivory (Louvre) with equestrian figure (Schlumberger,
in Momumente Pioty voL vii, p. 79, PL X; Diehl, Judinien,
frontispiece). 6. Mosaic, S. Vitale, Ravenna (Diehl, Justinien^ pp. 15, 16 ; Venturi,
Storia delT arte itaZ., i, pp. 130, 181).
6. Mosaic, S. ApoUinare nuovo, Ravenna (Diehl, Justinien, p. 18).
7. Elquestiian statue of Justinian in the Augustaion of Constantinople,
known from the description in Procopius, De Aedif, i. 2, and from a drawing reproduced in Diehl, Justinien, p. 27 ; cp. p. 77.
8. Silver disk found at Eertch (Diehl, op. cit., p. 30; cp. Dalton,
B. M, Cat. Christian Antiq,^ No. 548). No. 1, the three-quarter face solidus (PL IV. 9, 10) struck at the beginning of Justinian's reign, a. D. 527, is certainly to be set aside as a conventional portrait, for both in pose and features it resembles the heads on the solidi of his predecessors.
> Cp. Diehl, Justinien, pp. 14-16 ; W. G. Holmes, Age of Justinian, ii, p. 865 n.
§ 4. PERIOD L PORTRAITS OF JUSTINIAN xci
In A.]>. 538 Justinian made certain changes in the coinage: he caused the bronze money to be inscribed with the year of issue, and placed a new bust of himself both on the gold and bronze currency. This hxMst differs in features from the preceding bust, and is shown full-&ce, and not three-quarter face, or in profile, as on earlier coins (PL IV. 11, 12; Vn. 1, 8; VHI. 4, Ac). It must be borne in mind that this head -was never again changed throughout Justinian's long reign, and is therefore evidence only for the year 588 and thereabouts.^ It is a beardless visage, plump, rounded, and not without a smile. It so far agrees with the contemporary description of Procopius, who says {Hid. arc^ viii. 4) that Justinian had a round face, a ruddy complexion, not ill to look upon, and that he was a man of medium height, with a body neither thin nor corpulent. Procopius (op. cit., viii. 4-6) was struck by his resemblance to representations which he had seen of the Emperor Domitiaiu No. 6 in our list, the mosaic portrait of Justinian in S. ApoUinare nuovo, presents a head which is of the same character as these coins of A. D. 588 ; but the mosaic was made about A. D. 557, and represents a much older man, who has been sorely buffeted in the storms of life. Another portrait of the same character, but evidencing more skilful and delicate treatment, is to be found in the horseman of the Barberini ivory (No. 4).'
In contrast with the above-mentioned portraits must be set the figui*e of Justinian seen in the deeply impressive groups of San Yitale (a. d. 547). Here the Emperor has an oval rather than a rounded face, and he wears a moustache. John Malalas (p. 425) vouches for the existence of a moustache, and perhaps the Emperor adopted this fashion for a time, subsequent to the issue of the coin-portrait of 588. I am not sure, however, that we can rely on this San Vitale representation. The black, staring eyes, for instance, seen in the case of Justinian as well as of Theodora and the courtiers that surround them, are, one may suspect, not necessarily true to life, but due partly to convention and to the difficulty of manipulating mosaic cubes for the purposes of portraiture.
No. 8 (if really of Justinian) and No. 7 (the figure in the Augustaion) add nothing very important to the evidence. They are both beardless figures, and No. 7 wears the plumed head-dress found also on the gold medallion (frontispiece^ vol. i).
One representation. No. 8, remains. It is the coin of Rome (whether Ostrogothic or an actual issue of Justinian's^), and is interesting from
^ If the gold medallion of Justinian (fi-ontiapiece, vol. i ; p. 25) is rightly assigned to A.n. 534, be had already attempted a characterized portrait some years before it was introdaced on the ordinary currency.
• This figure is, however, believed by Strzygoweki (Der Dom zu Aachen, p. 49 ; ep. Mrs. iL Strong, Boman Sculpture (1907), pp. 344-346) to represent Constantino the Great
' It much resembles in treatment the head of the Ostrogothic ruler Theodahat (a.i>. 534-536) figured in Keary, Coinages of Western Eufvpe, PI. VII (II), No. 18 ;
xcii INTRODUCTION
its skilful execution and because it shows the head in profile. The h&ir is cut straight over the forehead, and the whole head reminds one of a Roman Emperor of about the end of the first century ▲. D., rather, however, of Trajan than of Domitian, the Emperor to whom, acoording to Frocopius, Justinian bore the most resemblance.
On the whole, it may be said that, if we were preparing a * composite photograph' of Justinian, we should find the best material in the coin- portraits of 538 (and the gold medallion of 584?), in the Roman coin (No. 8), the mosaic of San Apollinare, and perhaps in the Barberini ivory.
Regarding Period I as a whole, it may be remarked that the coinage —
so fSar as the reverse-types are concerned — displays little originality or
.^ ^ . . ^ artistic feeling. The portraits of the eariy Emperors CharaotenstiCB of / -x* .i v ui i.« r t x- • \
(with the probable exception of Justinian) ajre
conventional, but from Phocas to Constantino IV
portraits occur which have a claim, in varying degrees, to be accepted
as genuine likenesses.
The gold coinage issued before the reign of Heradius is carelessly
struck ^ ; but under Heraclius and his successors it is better engraved and
more neatly turned out. Qreater care is generally bestowed on the bronze
coinage which, however, begins to deteriorate after Heraclius. The custom
of reetriking or countermarking old flana largely pi-evails after the time
of Justinian I.
Period IL Justinian IE— Theodosius HI (a.d. 685-717).
This period is marked by the disappearance of several of the older Imperial mints and by the diminishing importance of the bronze coinage. It is noticeable, from the point of view of types, for the first appearance of the image of Christ on Byzantine coins. This sacred type occurs both in the first and second reigns of Justinian II — the Servus Ghrieti: other Emperors employ the cross for their reverse-types.
The image of the Saviour consists of a bust with the cross placed behind the head, which is not nimbate. There are two representations — one, a head with hair and beard flowing, a work of some artistic feeling
Friedlaender'B MUnsen der Ostgothen, PL II. 4 ; Sabatier, PL XVIII. 24, 25 .^Cp. also the standing figure holding Yictoiy in the Barberini ivory above-mentioned.
^ The careless execution of the gold coins— even in the reign of Justinian — ^is, perhaps, to be accounted for by supposing that money in this metal was chiefly struck, and on a large scale, for the purpose of paying tributes and taxes (cp. Eeary, Coinages of Western Europe, p. 24), and was thei-efore coined rapidly and without much regard to the requirements of artistic, or even of Imperial, dignity. Extant Byzantine coins struck in gold are (as is well known to collectors) generally remarkable for their good preservation. On the other hand, the bronze and silver coins, the part of the currency which bore the brunt of everyday transactions, more often than not display lamentable evidence of wear and tear.
§ 4. PERIODS n AND IH xoiu
(PL XXXVIIL 15, 16, 24); the other, a more crudely treated head, of stno^e facial contours, with the hair curly, the beard cut cdose (PL XXXY III. ir, 22, 25 ; PL XXXIX. 20 ; PL XLL 1-6).
The attempts at portraiture which we discovered in certain reigns of Period I are now abandoned, and the heads become entirely conventional. The engraver outlines the f&ce as if it were a sort of inverted omphalos ; he surronnds it with a hardly discernible fringe representing whiskers and beard, while another straight-cut fringe of hair is made to run across the brow.
The general execution of the coinage (always excepting, in this Period «nd later, the rude ' Provincial ' and ' Italian ' coinages, some of which may not be Imperial) is neat, and, but for the conventionality of the portraiture, would do credit to the Imperial mint The best specimens are such as n. XXXYIU. 13, and 15 where Justinian II stands holding the cross potent ; PL XXXIX. 4 ; PL XLI. 11, of Philippicus.
Pebiod m. Leo III— Theophilus (a.d. 717-842).
This is the period of the great iconoclastic movement. The head of the Saviour (first introduced by Justinian II) is no longer represented, but die reverse-type consists only of the cross,* or, moi*e often, of the bust of some member of the Imperial family.^
Clonstantine V, in introducing a new silver coin, entirely filled the reverse-space with an inscription, and placed the cross on the obverse ; and this arrangement was repeated in many later reigns. The triple or double border which surrounds each side imparts some finish to an otherwise plain coin.
On the coinage as a whole the types are practically confined to the representation of the cross and the Imperial family. Human portraiture fares, in a way, hardly better than the sacred image. It is throughout conventional, the face being represented in the manner described in Period H: see e.g. PL XLIIL 22, 23; XLVI. 15; XLVHI. 14, Theophilus, his wife and three daughters. Though two rulers of this period, Irene and Michael I, were image- worshippers they made no change in the coinage of tiieir iconoclastic predecessors, and their portraits were not more life-like ; thus (except by the head-dress) the head of Irene is hardly to be distinguished from that of her son Constantino YI : see PL XLVI. 5, 6, 9, 10, 11.
The only exception to the conventionality of the portraits is to be foond at the beginning of this period in the case of Leo III, whose head
^ The CT08S potent. Theophilus, PL XL VIII. 15, first introduces ihe patriarchal cross. ' As to the influence of the iconoclastic movement on the coins, see further, pp. XXX7, zxxri, supra.
xciv INTRODUCTION
as shown in PI. XLII. 7, 8 is strongly characterized and may well be a likeness. But even Leo is, after the firat part of his reign, represented by a conventional head : see PI. XLII. 9, 10, &c.
Pebiod IV. Michael III— John I (a. d. 842-976).
The beginning of this period is marked by the close of the long iconoclastic controversy and the revival of image- worship by Theodora the regent-mother of Michael IIL The change is evidenced in the new life and artistic vigour imparted to the coinage, and it may be noted that the quasi- barbarous * Provincial ' currency comes to an end in the earlier part of this period.^
A succession of new reverse-types now appears. Michael III restores the head of the Saviour, and his successor Basil I represents the Saviour enthroned. Leo VI introduces the image of the Virgin ; Constantino VII represents the Saviour in the act of crowning the Emperor ; Alexander for the first time places a head of a Saint on the coins. John I (at the end of the period) takes a step in the same direction in connexion with the bronze coinage, which in his reign and long afterwards was made to display only religious types and inscriptions,^ while ' the things of Caesar ' — the * image ' and the ' superscription ' — ^were surrendered and excluded.
With regard to the types relating to the Saviour and the Virgin, the head of Christ re-introduced by Michael III (PL XLIX. 16, 17) is copied, as can hardly be doubted, from the coins of Justinian 11 (a. d. 685- 695), reproducing, however, the head with flowing hair (PI. XXXVIII- 15, 16) and not the bizan-e image (PI. XXXVIII. 17) with the dose beard. The heads of Christ, found later, in the reigns of Constantine VII and of Nicephorus II Phocas, are rendered with delicacy and artistic feeling : see especially PI. LIIL 7, 12-14; LIV. 4, 5 ; and cp. coins of John I, PL LFV. and LV. In contrast with this, the seated figure of Christ introduced by Basil I and destined to become stereotyped on the coinage has not any special merit either in pose or expression (PI. L. 11, 12).
The Virgin-type inti-oduced by Leo VI is a bust or half-length figure orans (PI. LI. 8). It is treated with grace and freshness, and, though often repeated in later reigns, never, perhaps, quite loses its charm.^
Under Nicephorus II Phocas, the Virgin (a half-length figure) is shown beside the Emperor (PI. LTV. 5) in the place previously filled by emperors' wives or sons. In the next reign (John I) she is seen crowning the Emperor (PI. LIV. 10-12). The Virgin with the medallion of the
' Under Basil I. The * Italian * coinage had ceased in the reign of Theophilus.
* See 9upra^ p. li.
^ On the orana tjjpe, see Bauer and Strzygowski, 'Eine alexandrinische Weltchronik/ pp. 155-158 in Denkschriften der kaia. Akad. der Wissenach. Wien, 1906, Bd. 51 ; L. von Sybel, Christliche Antike I (1906), p. 261 ; Kaufinann, Handhueh der ehristl Arch. (1905), p. 412. Cp. W. E. Crura, P. S. Bib. Arch., xxi. 251. Further reflF. it^ra, p. 502.
§ 4. PERIODS IV AND V xcv
in&nt ChriBt, though a subject old in axt,^ is not seen on the coins till the idgn of John I (PL UV. 14).
In the manipulation of the Imperial busts and figures we may discern an adyance on the previous (ioonodastic) period — more variety of pose, and a richer and more decorative treatment of the costume. None the less, the conventional, uncharacterized head still continues to be prominent, and liie contour of the face which we noticed in Period II as resembling an inverted omphalos now recalls an inverted triangle. But in addition to tiiese conventional heads we often find, and on the coins of a single Emperor, a strongly characterized bearded type.
Michael lU and his family and Basil I do not really break away from die iconoclastic tradition in the matter of portraiture, but Leo VI (side by aide with a purely conventional head, PL U. 13, &c.) presents on the gold coin of PL LI. 8 a fine bearded head, which we might without difficulty beUeve to be a genuine portrait were it not that its issue probably took place when Leo was only twenty.^
A similar long-bearded head, engraved with gem-like delicacy, appears also on some coins (PL LIU. 7) of the art-loving Constantine VII (Porphyrogenitus), but from its close resemblance to the above-mentioned portrait of Leo VI we must doubt whether it is true to life. There are, farther, three heads with shorter beards which appear on the coins, respec- tively, of Romanus I (PL LIL 9-11), Nicephorus II Phocas (PL LIV. 5-7), and John I (PL LIV. 10-13). Each of these heads taken separately might well be deemed an authentic portrait^ but when we compare the three together their resemblance becomes so obvious that it is almost certain that two, at any rate, of the heads (Nicephorus II and John I) cannot be the vera irnago of the Emperors they pretend to represent.
With regard to the general characteristics of this period, it may be remarked that the best executed and best designed of the coins contrast &vourahly with the angular and arid work of the iconoclastic period, and many specimens prove that the engraver had a good notion of filling a coin-space in a decorative and not inelegant way (see e. g. PL LI. 9 ; LEV. 4, 5, 10, 18). The present period, and the next (Period V) may, indeed, almost be looked upon as the Qolden Age of Byzantine coin-art, especially when we compare them with the periods that preceded and followed.
Period V. Basil 11 and Constantine VIII — Nicephorus III (A. D. 976-1081).
This period is transitional between Periods IV and VI. It witnesses the introduction of the soyphate fabric for the nomisma (a fabric finally
* See text, infin, p. 476, No. 7.
■ Cp. p. 449, infra^ as to the date of this coiq of PI, LL 8.
xcTi INTRODUCTION
adopted in Period VI by Alexins I), and, at the same time, the retention of the old solidus or nomisma of small module. . The difficulty of filling the comparatively broad ' field ' of the new scyphate pieces was ingeniously overcome by placing a triple border on each side of the coin (e. g. PI. LVI. 8). The Imperial busts could now be represented on a rather larger scale, and the rich jewelled details of Imperial costume were fully displayed (e.g. PL LVm. 2, 10; LX. 3),
During the greater part of this period the coins (with certain exceptions) present the neat, decorative appearance that we found in Period IV (e.g. PI. LVI. 6, 7, 9-11). There is considerable variety and, at times, artistic merit in the types employed, e.g. the Virgin crowning Romanus HI (PI. LVII. 18) ; the Virgin orans (PL LIX 3) ; the Christ of Chalce (PI. LX. 4, 6, 7) ; standing figures of Emperors, as Isaac I with his drawn sword (PL LX. 12); and the beautiful design of the Virgin and Child in PL LXn. 2.
The busts and figures of Emperors are represented with considerable care, variety of treatment, and attention to detail^ but in the majority of cases it is certain, or may be strongly suspected, that the portraiture is not true to life. ^
In the two latest reigns of this period, those of Michael VII and Nicephorus III, instances of feeble engraving and careless striking sufficiently indicate that the decadence of Byzantine coin-art has already begun.^
^ Further details of this period may be noted a3 follows : —
Bcutil II and Constantine VIII. The two portraits PI. LVI. 1 are clearly conventional, but the bearded head of Basil, PL LVI, 2, 3, 8, &c., is at least a more characterized representation. No. 8 on this plate bears some resemblance to the head of Basil II as it appears in the Venice Psalter (see supra, p. lii), but when we confront it, as well as Nos. 2 and 8, with the coins of the preceding Emperors John I and Nicephorus II Phocas, it becomes hardly doubtful that we are dealing with a stereotyped bearded representation and not with an exact portrait.
Constantine VIII, in his sole reign, presents the bearded heads seen in H. LVII. 6-10. Of these, the heads Nos. 6-8 recall (perhaps too vividly to be independent likenesses) the heads of Leo VI (PL LI. 8) or Constantine VII (PL LIII. 7) ; Nos. 9, 10 have a portrait of a somewhat different character.
Bomanus III has an ohv, of elegant design— the Virgin (his special patron) placing the crown on his head (PL LVII. 13). Cp. Schlnmberger, VEpop, byz., Hi, p. 532.
Michael IV. His head, as represented in PL LVIII. 1, 2, has certainly distinctive features, and, so far, might be a portrait. (Cp. the portrait in the Zonaras MS. at Modena ; Schlumberger, op. cit., p. 533, which is like the Zonaras Romanus III.)
Michael V, The head of this standing figure (PL LVIII. 5) may be compared with his head in the Zonaras MS. (Schlumberger, op. cit., iii, p. 532). The form of the face, beard and moustache are practically the same, but the eyes on the coins are clumsily represented by two pellets.
Constantine IX. This portrait (PL LVIII. 6-12) seems to be suggested by the coins of Michael IV, and can hardly, therefore, be regarded as trustworthy. In some respects, however, it resembles the head of this Emperor in the Zonaras MS. (Schlumberger, op. cit., iii, 540). The beautiful figure of the Virgin orans, PL LIX. 3, is to be noted.
§ 4. PERIOD VI xcvii
Period VL Alexius I— Alexius IV (a. d. 1081-1204).
With the accession of Alexius I the very distinctive Byzantine coinage of which the scyphate nomisma is the chief feature, may be said to have beeu completely established. The old solidus or nomisma of thick fabric bad already disappeared from the currency.
In respect to mechanical execution there is a decided change for the worse. Cases of double-striking, due to the shifting of the dies, seem almost to have been the rule and not the exception at the Imperial mint, and it is on the reverse side — the side bearing the sacred image — that the most flagrant instances of such carelessness occur : see e. g. PL LXVII. 8. Details of costume, moreover, are less delicately ti-eated than in Period V, and the figures have either a bizaxre appearance (as PL LXIV. 3, obv.), or are so stiff and wooden as almost to recall a primitive age of xoana (PL LXVni. 9; LXV. 14). In particular, the seated figure of Christ (PL LXVII) and the seated figure of the Virgin (PL LXX) are usually most domsily rendered. The beardless bust of Chiist (Emmanuel) (PL LXVIII. 15; LXIX. 1, 2) is something of a variation from the usual type of the Saviour found on the coins, but it is of small artistic merit. The intro- duction of saints on the coinage of this period lends it some little interest and variety.^
But although throughout this period the number of types is exceptionally large, there is little real invention or free play of the artistic spiiit, and the varieties of type are chiefly brought about by presenting sometimes the Christ, sometimes the Virgin — seated or standing, as a bust or a whole lengthy in the attitude of prayer or of blessing.
Tkeodot-a. The coins are very delicately executed. Her bust and figure (PL LX. 1-3) are shown richly attired, but the features seem little characterized, an observation that is true also of her portrait in the Zonaraa MS. (Schlumberger, UJ^pop. hyz.^ iii, 541). The Christ of Chalce (cp. p. Ivi, supra) appears on her coins.
Michael VI — Isaac I—Constantine X, On the coins of these reigns, the Emperor is generally represented as a standing figure, and the details of portraiture cannot be well made out. Isaac I holds the drawn sword referred to p. Ivii, supm,
Bamanus IV. The portrait (PI. LXI. 13 ; LXII. 1) is on a small scale, but resembles the Zonaraa miniature of Romanus III : Schlumberger, op. cit, p. 532, so that some doubt may be felt as to whether the portrait of Romanus IV is taken from life. Several interesting types occur:— The family groups of PL LXI, 11, 12, in which the Emperor and Empress are crowned by the Saviour, a type known also from the ivory in the Biblio- theque Nationale, Paris (see p. Iviii, suptxi) ; the bust of the Viigin with the medallion (PI. LXI. 13, 14; LXII. 1), a type now revived after a long interval; and the beautiful figure of the Virgin and Child in PL LXII. 2 (see further, p. lix, supra).
Michael VII—Nicephorus III. Michael is represented by a sturdy bust with features that resemble his predecessors. Nicephorus closely resembles Michael and neither p:>rtrait can be relied on as faithful.
' John II (successor of Alexius I) introduces St. George ; Manuel I introduces St. Theodore and St. Demetrius. The only Saint seen on coins before the reign of ^ohn II is St. Alexander, on the coins of his namesake Alexander, a.d. 912-913. I n
xcviii INTRODUCTION
Period VII. Michael VIH— Fall of Constantinople (a. d. 1261-1453).
The types of this period, which begins with the restoration of the Greek Emperors, arrest the attention by reason of the curiously crowded grouping of the Imperial figures; e.g. the kneeling Michael VIII, Christ and St. Michael in PL LXXIV; the grovelling figure of Andronicus 11 (PL LXXIV ; cp. LXXV. 1, 2).^ Of the types new to Byzantine coinage, the most remarkable are the representation of a seraph (PL LXXV. 10)^ and the view of Constantinople (PL LXXIV. 1).^
Under the Palaeologi of the fourteenth century there was a sort of Renaissance in mosaic and some other branches of art,^ but the general execution of the coins, especially of the nomisma, is extremely rough, and proves that a very low standard of mechanical skill and care existed during this period at the Imperial mint. There was, however, a counter* acting Western influence at work which tended to alter, and in some cases to improve, the appearance of the currency. This influence came chiefly from Venice, and is visible in the direct copying of Venetian coins (both fabric and types: see PL LXXV. 17), in the employment of a new form of the cross (PL LXXV. 7), and in the disposition of the inscription in a circular arrangement (PL LXXV. 16).
In the period of John V, Byzantine coinage apparently almost ceased to be issued^ and its place was probably taken by the money of Venice. Manuel II, followed by John VIII, made evident efforts to restore the currency^ and his silver coins (still fairly abundant), though not skilfully engraved, show a certain attempt at decorative effect (PL LXXVL 9-13)* In these coinages, Western influence is again traceable^ and the latest specimens of the coin-art of Constantinople may be pronounced ' Mediaeval ' rather than ' Byzantine ' in character.
With regard to portraiture, some attempts at characterization appear to have been made, but they are of little importance owing to clumsy execution or to smallness of scale. In the case of John VIU it is possible that we may have a poi-trait, and his coins can be compared with the portrait-medal by Vittore Pisano figured as the frontispiece to vol. ii.^
^ And see further on this type, p. Ixz, mtpra.
' With the representation in PL LXXV. 10 compare the angels represented in a Vatican MS. of the eleventh century, photographed in Bertaux, V Art dans fltalie mMd,^ PI. XII. The archangel Michael had already appeared in the eleventh century on a coin of Michael VI (p. 509, infixt).
' See further on this type, p. Ixix, stipra,
« Diehl, Etudes hyz,, p. 431.
* See further on this portrait, p. Ixxii, supra.
$5. MINTS. CONSTANTINOPLE-THESSALONICA xdx § 5. Imperial Mints.
In the reign of Anastasius I three mints only, Constantinople, Nioomedia, and Antioch, were in operation. Under Justin I, Thessalonica and Cy^ens were added. The conquests of Justinian necessitated the establishment of new centres of coinage, and eleven or twelve mints
were at work during his reign. Under his three immediate successors the number of mint-places remains nearly the same. Heraclius coins at twelve mints. In the reign of Constans II (the successor of Heraclius) ihe nnmber of mint-places does not exceed five or six, and from about the time of Nioephorus I (a. d. 802) to the reign of Basil 11 and Con- stantine Yin, only two or three mints (so far as is known) continued in operation. From the sole reign of Constantine VIII (a. d. 1025) <mward8, all coins seem to have emanated from the Capital.
Constantinople (a. d. 491-ciVc. 1448). The ^
,....« ••11 XI COHSTANTINOPLB.
chief mint for coins m all metals.
MinUname. (i) CO NOB (on the gold coins till the time of Leo III), (ii) CONOS, COB (on the earlier silver), (iii) CON (on the earlier bronze coinage).
CO NOB (found also on the gold of Carthage, Rome and Ravenna) is sow generally admitted to consist of the mint-name with the addition of OB, an abbreviation of dbryzum, * refined gold*.' In CONOS, S, if not a blander for B, must be an abbreviation mark. COB is perhaps C (the name of Constantinople) and OB(ryssum). (For the occurrence of OB on bronze and sUver coins, see iinfra^ under ' Thessalonica ').
Officina marks. On the solidi from Anastasius I to Justinian II numerals occur with great regulaiity, ranging from A to I (i. e. 1 to 10). After that time they are more sporadic, and finally disappear. On the sohdi of Heraclius (see p. 192, infra, note) various letters or numerals occur in addition to the ofiicina numei*als. Probably a series of these varieties was struck at each ofiicina.^
On the bronze (chiefly M) coins the officina numerals are A, B, f, A, €
a-5).3
Thessalonica {circ. a. d. 518-circ. 620). Coinage in bronze only, usually not of a higher denomination than K. The „
. -^ , ,* J J r. ^ 1 THBSSAIiONIOA.
corns are carelessly engraved, and often struck on irregular flans with jagged edges.
' Babelon, art ' Obiyzum * in Daremberg and Saglio, Did. dee ant., and authorities tbere cited. On gold of Phocas (p. 164, note), OBXX takes the place of CONOB. BOXX occurs under Heraclius : cp. also Tiberius II, p. 106, No. 9.
' There are occasionally exceptional marks, such as 0 9" on a solidus of Tiberius II ; p. 106, No. 9, infra.
' On the peculiar numerals All, fll, &c., found under Constans II, see I'n/hi, pb 268 n. It is doubtful whether these are officina marks.
0 INTRODUCTION
Mint-name, T€S; GCC. Under Justin I, THESSOB (p. 17), but th© inscription OB (i.e. oh^yzuniy 'refined gold') is quite inappropriate oa a bronze coin, and has probably been copied mechanically from the gold coins of the predecessors of Anastasius I, which are inscribed THSOB ; TESOB.^ It may be noted that OB had even previously appeared oa Bilver coins, the gold and silver coins of Leo I (for instance) being alike marked THSOB. In the mint-indication COB found on some silver coins of Constantinople (see supi^a), we may probably discern the word OB(ryzum) loosely used for refined silver instead of refined gold.*
Officina Tnarks, These are rarely present.
NicoMEDiA (circ. A. D. 498-circ. 627). The two Imperial mints of Asia Minor were Nicomedia and Cyzicus.' Their coinage, closely modelled on that of the Capital, is in bronze only.
Mint'TUtme. NIKO; also NIKOMI, NIKM, NIC, NIK, Nl. Officinae, Two only (A and B *), as compared with the five indicated on the bronze coins of Constantinople.
Cyzicus (circ, A. D. 5lS-circ. 628). Coinage in bronza ^^ * only, resembling that of Nicomedia (q.v.). Mint-name. KYZ; KY. Ojfficinae. Two only (A and B) : cp. Nicomedia.
Antioch {circ. a. d. 498-c/ro. 617). Bronze coins only. The legends
on the obverse (i.e. the Imperial name and titles) are
constantly blundered and often unintelligible.
Mint-name. At first, ANTX; ANTIX; AN. After a.d. 528 (see
p. 53, n.), the name of the city having been changed to SeoviroXi^t
* Antioch ' disappears from the coins, and we find the new name, sometimes
as ^TTOAS or GY, but commonly in the Latin form TH6MP0 ; rH€MP^.
r7 ; P ; ^ (see p. 59, n.) also indicate this mint. The exceptional S6USM (p. 223) is no doubt only a blundered reproduction of THCMP^. Offijcinae. Four or five officinae were usually at work.
IsAUBA (a. d. 617/8). A mint for bronze, in the reign ISAUBA. ^^ Heraclius only (see p. 221). Miid-nams. IS^^YK. Officina. A only.
^ On No. 49, p: 17, we might read THESSOB as THESSO B, i.e. the mint name with the officina numeral added. But this interpretation is precluded by No. 50 (p. 17), where, in addition to THESSOB we find the officina numeral €.
■ Argentutn pusulatum (abbreviated Pv., Ps., &c.) is the proper term for refined silver.
^ The short-lived mint of Isaura (q. v.) hardly forms an exception to this statement*
* There is an exception in the reign of Justin I ; see infiv, pp. 17, 18.
§5. MINTS. CYPRUS— ALEXANDRIA— CARTHAGE ci
Cyprus (circ, a,d. 627/8). Bronze coins were struck in this island under Heraclius, probably at Constantia, the chief city. It is doubtful whether the coinage continued beyond this reign, though ^^ some pieces struck by Heraclius, and countermarked by Consians II (or Constantine IV ?), may have for some time circulated in Cyprus (see p. 222, n, 4 ; cp. p. 267 n.).
JUini'Tiame. KVnP'^.
Officvnae, The only oiBcina numeral (at least on the British Museum specimens) is f.
Alexandria (from circ. a.d. 538: p. 62, n. 2 to Heraclius or Con- stans n : p. 227, n« 3). The coins (in bronze only) are
mainly of the denomination 1 D. They are often very rade in appearance, and of peculiar thick fabric.
ifirU^naTne. AA€i ; AA€I (on ABAZ ; HON, &c., see pp. 227-229).
Officinae. No numerals occur at this mint.
Cabthaqe {circ. a.d. 534-c/re. 698). This was a mint of importance during the whole period of the Imperial domination in Africa, i. e. from the conquest by Belisarius till the time of Justinian II or Tiberius IHJ Its bronze coinage is abundant and its silver coinage (mostly confined to the smaller denominations) is not very rare.
The gold coinage must have been extensive, though it was not set on foot, apparently, till the reign of Heraclius. It is inscribed CONOB, like the gold coins of Constantinople, Ravenna and Rome. It is therefore identifiable only by its style and fabric and by a knowledge of provenance. When the solidus is of small module and lumpy fabric (e.g. PI. XXXIII. 2) it is easily recognized as African, but the African solidus when struck of the ordinary size and with flat fabric (e.g. PI. XXXIII. 6) is less readily distinguish^. But there are certain criteria, in addition to the clues given by provenance.^ Thus, a linear border generally takes the place of the border of dots found at Constantinople and elsewhere, and a straggling form of A — ^/^ or ^ — is employed by the Carthaginian engraver. The engraving of the types is oflen crude, and unusual letters or numerals frequently appear (e.g. under Constans U).
Though there seem to be good reasons for attributing both the thick and the flat series of solidi to Carthage, it is not obvious why these two dissimilar fabrics were employed at the same mint, and even, it would seem, contempoitineously.
Mint-name. Gold. CONOB.
Silver. CONOS (p. 63), but the mint-name is usually omitted. Bronze. KAKT; KAK; OAK; KKT^; CKTC; KT^; CT.
^ Cp. alao p. zxziii, supra, on the ' Provincial Coinage '.
' Wroth in Corolla Numismaika, p. 329, and infra, p. 290 n., and p. 292 n.
cii INTRODUCTION
Ojfficinae. On the solidi of Heraclius, officinae A-l (1-10) are recorded : the numerals 11, 12, 13, 14 which are also found on these coins are probably to be explained as officinae marks (pp. 230-232). On the solidi (both of the thick and the flat fabric), and on the semisses and tremisses of Constans II, peculiar mai'ks occur. Thus (in the flat series) we find at the end of the inscription — the usual position for the officina number — such letters or numerals as C ; 6 ; Gl* ; 61, &c., each of these being accompanied by a letter (or numeral) placed in the field (P ; I ; C ; A, &c.). Similar marks occur under Constantine IV.
The bronze coins are as a rale without officina marks. Under Justinian I, however, there are perhaps indications of five or six officinae
(see pp. 64r-67). We also find on some M and K coins of this reign the letters SO and O (p. 66), which may possibly indicate the second or the sixth officina. On coins of Phocas (p. 179) and of Hei-aclius, € (fifth officina) is found.
Sicily (Cattna, Syracuse), circ. a.d. 538?— circ. 705 or later %
Coinage begins in this island a few years after the
conquest by Belisaiius (p. 69), and lasts till the sacking
of Syracuse by the Arabs in a.d. 705 (see further, aupra, p. xxxiii,
• Provincial Coinage' as to a possible coinage in Sicily after A.D. 705).
Mint-name. SECILI A (p. 152) ; SCL^ ; SC^ ; SCL ; CAT ; CVPAKOVCI (cp. pp. 69, 153, 237 n.). The usual mint-place was Catina, but, from the time of Constans II, Syracuse was probably the chief centre of coinage. One coin of Justinian II (Num. Zeitachrift, i, p. 431) is inscribed CVPAKOVCI .
OfficiTUte. Officina mai-ks do not occur.
RoMK (circ, A.D. 552/3-circ. 775). From the time of Justinian I to the reign of Heraclius inclusive, this mint seems to have been of little importance, and to have coined only small denominations in bronze (see supra, pp. xvii, xviii).
Under Constans II a coinage in gold begins ^ and continues till the reign of Constantine V (died 775), after which it appai-ently ceases. The solidi attributable to this mint are marked CONOB but may be distinguished from the corresponding Constantinopolitan issues by their comparatively high relief (rendering the coins rough to the touch), by the appearance of symbols (star, &c.) and letters in the field, and to some extent by the colour of the gold, which from the time of Leo III is greatly alloyed.
Mild-name. CONOB (on gold) ; KOM ; Km ; K (pp. 387, 888).
Offijcinae. No marks on the bronze. On the gold (from Constans II) various officina numerals and letters occur in the field.
^ There are also some small silver coins. The coins that seem to have the best claim to be Imperial Roman issues are the bronze pieces with the name and portrait-head of Justinian (Pinder and Friedlaender, MUmen Justinians, PL V. 3, and p. 48), but even these may be Ostrogothic.
§ 5. - MINTS. RAVENNA— CHERSON—* PROVINCIAL ' ciii
Ravenna (eirc. a.d. 555-eire. 741). Coinage begins some years after the taking of Ravenna by Belisarius, and continues almost to the time when it was lost to the Empire through its capture by the Lombards in 751. Ravenna was a somewhat important mint for gold coinage.^ The silver (as at Carthage) is generally of small denominations, though the hesiagram of Heraolius was minted there as well as at Constantinople. The bronze coins are now somewhat scarce.
The coins of this mint are often very neat, even sometimes rather elegant, in style. The gold coins (inscribed CO NOB) may be distinguished from the corresponding pieces of Constantinople by their bracteate-like &bric and by the prominent relief of inscription and type.
JUiTit'TiaTne. CONOB (on gold) ; KAVENNA ; RAVEN ; RAV ; RA.
Ojfficinae. There are indications that ten officinae were generally in operation for the coining of the gold. Marks on the bronze rarely occur (E, Maurice Tiberius ; A, A, Heraclius : on SS, see p. 157).
Chebson (6th cent. ; and circ. A. d. 886-989). This mmt was never important, and issued bronze coins only, usually of small size. It perhaps
first came into operation in the reiim of Justinian I ^
(see p. xvui, supra). Its next issues were made under Maurice Tiberius (p. 158 f.), but it does not seem to have coined again till the reign of Michael III (with Basil I, A. D. 866). From this period there is a continuous coinage till the time of Basil II, when Cherson was taken (a» d. 989) by Vladimir the Russian.
MiTU-name, In monogram under Justinian I (see A. V. Oreshnikov,
'Chersono-Byzantine Coins' in Trans. Moscow Num. /Soc, iii (1905),
PL Vm. 1-3); X6PCUJNOC, X6PC0N0C (reign of Maurice Tiberius);
o o
nX = 'O npnyr^viov X€p<r&yo^% or n = PIOAICI
Officinae. No officina marks occur, but on the coins of Justinian I,.
of an uncertain mint (possibly Cherson), described infra^ pp. 72, 73, the
marks A to A are found.
Provincial Coinage {clrc. a. d. 698-^trc. 886). The coinage which it is necessary to classify thus vaguely has been already referred to> p. xi[xiii, supra. It consists of gold and bronze pieces , ,
(the former often much alloyed), and the engraving is stiff and crude. Coins of Carthage have evidently served as its prototypes, yet it cannot be of Carthage, for it continues to be issued long after the Imperialists had lost their foothold in Africa. Sardinia and Sicily may possibly have had a share in it. It lasts from the reign of Tiberius III to the time of Basil I.
Central and South Italian Coinages (seventh cent.-circ. 842).
' Apparently first issiie<l in the reign of Justin II (see pp. 103-104).
CIV
INTRODUCTION
Cehtbal and south italian
COXErAGES.
These strange coinages are closely modelled on the Constantinopolitan money, though they are generally struck in gold of a more or less debased quality. They have been dis- cussed, p. xxxi f., 8upra. They were probably struck- for the Imperial possessions in Southern Italy, though some specimens (included in this Catalogue for convenience) may not have been really issued at Imperial mints. The gold coins attributed to Rome (see supray p. xxxii) are akin to these Central and South Italian coinages. The following table summarizes the details given above : —
|
A.D.498- 518 |
6th cent, from A. D. 518 Constanti- |
7Ui cent. |
8th cent. Constanti- |
9th cent. |
10th cent. |
llth-15tb cent. |
|
Constanti- |
Constanti- |
Constanti- |
Constanti- |
Constanti* |
||
|
nople |
nople Thesssilonica |
nople |
nople |
nople |
nople |
nople |
|
Thessalonica |
||||||
|
Nicomedia |
Nicomedia Cysicus |
Nicomedia Cyzicus |
||||
|
Antioch |
Antioch Alexandria Carthage Sicily Rome Ravenna Cherson |
Antioch Alexandria Carthage Sicily Rome Ravenna Isaura Cyprus * Provincial ' |
Sicily Rome Ravenna * Provincial ' |
Cherson * Provincial * |
Cherson |
|
|
* Italian' |
* Italian ' |
'ItaUan' |
Obvbbsx Legends.
§ 6. Inscriptions and Dates.
The inscriptions found on Byzantine coins are short and not very vaiied in character.^ The material that they supply for study is therefore somewhat scanty, but can be dated with considerable accuracy.
Obverse legends. The obverse legend usually consists of the name of the Emperor, preceded by DN (Doininus noster) and followed by PPAVC {Perpetuus Augustus), This applies to the coins from Anastasius I to Justinian 11.^ Greek inscriptions begin to make their appearance (on the obvei'se) under Ii-ene, the mother of Constantino VI (a. D. 797-802),' but Latin is not completely abandoned till the time of Isaac I (a. d. 1057). In the Greek legends, the place of Dominus and Perpetuus Augudus is taken by BACIA6VC or BACIA6VC PnMAinN; sometimes by AVTOKPAT/; and, from the time of Romanus IV (a. d. 1067-1071), by MCHOTHC
^ Metrical legends are very rare, see supm^ p. Ivi.
' Philippicus and some of his successors have Multus An. (&c.) instead of PPAVC. ' There are still earlier instances of ohv, Greek inscriptions on the * Provincial ' coinage of Leo III (a.d. 720).
§ 6. LATIN INSCRIPTIONS cv
Reverse legends. In the earlier reigns we find' such legends as Victoria Aug. ; Olaria Romanorum ; Victori{a) Mauri (Maurice Tiberius). Heradins introduces Deus adiutcc Romanis and the legend €N T8TO NIK A, the latter furnishing the fii-st ^^^^^^sb instance of a Greek legend on Byzantine coins.^ But it is long befoi-e Latin legends are finally discarded. Justinian II introduces IhS CKISTOS K€X K€3"NANTmM (often used in later reigns). Under Constantino V (a.d. 751) we have IhSHS XRISTWS hICA (ii, p. 380), a carious instance of the mingling of Latin and Greek, and of the partial writing of Greek words in Latin letters, errors into which the engravers of later reigns were prone to lapse ; e. g. GCOFVLACrOS T)6SP ^ (Michael 1 and Theophylact): CVKl€ bOHGH TO SO "DOVLO (TheophUus) ; PICTOS for mCTOC; PATHK for HATHP (Leo IV). These mixed legends are not completely supplanted by purely Greek legends till about the time of Romanus IV (a.d. 1067-1071).
The following forms of letters ai-e those which chiefly call for notice : —
L Latin Inscriptions.^ A The usual form is A (sometimes A). The form A is very rare ; it is found chiefly at Carthage and Ravenna. At Carthage LATiir
the straggling form ^ is often used* A is not very i^srsoBiFTiovs. common, and chiefly occurs in the word ANNO.
B B, or with the lower lobe projecting as in the word CONOB. From the time of Tiberius II onwards, b, or more usually b.
D
D (Anastasius I — Justin II : on the coins of Justin II and Maurice
Tiberius carelessly formed so that it appears nearly as O). Under Tiberius II
T) comes in and tends to oust D in later reigns. (Under Heraclius,
d occurs ; under Constantino V, O"; on coins of Artavasdes and Leo VI, C.)
E
€ is nearly always preferred to E.
G
C ; C, the latter form often carelessly engraved so as to resemble 1 ; e.g, AVI = AVC. Q is not found. Under Tiberius II we find C (in AWQ, which form occurs in later reigns as well as G and ^. Under Justinian II "Sand C are found as forms of Q.
^ Except in mint-namefl like KYZ.
' A division between Latin and Greek is not always easy, owing to the admixture of letters and the writing of Greek words in Latin letters.
I o
cvi INTRODUCTION
H
The form employed is h : cp. p. 831 n.
L Both L and L occur.
M
M, bub under Tiberius II ro comes in on the Constantinopolitan coins (on coins of Rome and Ravenna the form is (D).
Maurice Tiberius. M ; fO ; (D ; (at Carthage, generally M). Phocas, rn ; Heradius, PH. Constantino IV (at Carthage, 1 n). Constantine V, fO , Michael I, (P.
Michael III, m (at this period M is chiefly retained in the insor. K€CNANTmM).
N
N is the usual form. Under Justinian II, h is found, and from the time of Constantine V this form takes the place of N.
K. On the coins of Anastasius 11 Artemius, the Greek P is generally written for K in * Artemius '.
T. The form Z first occurs in the word rHCHP^ = Theoupolis (Antioch) under Justinian I, whose other coins, however, have T (r also often occurs on the blundered coins of Antioch struck under Justin II).
T continues in use till the reign of Heraclius, when T begins to be used, and is the usual foim subsequently employed (the form T is, however, also retained in stereotyped legends like VICTOKIA AVC).
7 is an occasional variant of T (Constantine IV, Justinian U, &c.). The form 7^, found on some coins of Constans II (pp. 266, 301), is no doubt r with the abbreviation mark ^ subjoined. Anastasius II has T ; Theodosius III, T and T. Under Leo VI (p. 445) the form 3" is found.
V (as in AVC ; VOT). Under Tiberius II, ^ becomes prominent ss in qiCTOK(m) Tlb€KI and MW (i.e, vlvat) F€LIX (p. 106), but V is found at Carthage, as in LVX MVNDI.
Maurice Tiberius has V.
Phocas, Heraclius, Constans II, use both ^ and V. Afterwards, M is the usual form. (A rare form U. is found, p. 54.)
§ 6. GREEK INSCRIPTIONS cvu
II. Greek Inscriptions.
Usually A ; also A. Under Nicephorus II, Phocas, John I and Basil I, A sometimes occurs. ^ (p. 221, No. 267, Heraclius) is found on a coin of Heraclius struck at Isaura aad ^ occurs also on coins of John VIII (see infra, p. 637, note 1 and p. 641, note 1).
The form A (Alexandria, Heraclius, p. 227) is exceptional. The transverse bar is sometimes omitted, notably on the coins of Alexius I (A for A).
B
Beta as a numeral often occurs on the coins. It has the forms B, B, B and B (chiefly sixth and seventh centuries).
b occurs in such words as bASLIS, bASILISSH (Constantine V ; L-ene) ; miXAHL bASIL€ (Michael I); bOHGH (Theophilus), but in these cases there is a curious mixture of Greek and Latin.
Under John I Zimisces, the K form appears, as in KOH6H (for BOHGH). Also H R7\AX€PNITICCA, i.e. the Virgin of Blachernae (coins of Theodora); IUCIA6VS PnM (Isaac I). Cp. p. 527, note 1.
Under Andronicus U and later Emperors the B form once again takes the place of the K form.
A ; sometimes A.
E
€ (not E) is the almost invariable form. On coins of Andronicus II and in (A.D. 1325-1328), € has the form e or h (p. 626 n.).
K. The Latin letter C used for K appears under Constantine V and is the usual form till about the time of Isaac I (a.d. 1057) when K re-asserts itself. €C 064 =€K e€OY ; C€ = K€ = KAI (Basil I) ; CVKI6 dc = K VPI6.
A
A; but the Latin L often takes its place, as in "DOVLO = AOVAUi (Theophilus).
M
Sometimes M, as on coins of Isaac II, p. 594, infra.
cviii INTRODUCTION
This letter chiefly occurs on the rude coins of the Alexandrian mint where we find i (Justinian I, p. 62 ; Justin II, p. 97) ; Z (Tiberius II, p. 121) ; 2 (Maurice Tiberius, p, 148).
2 in AA€EAhCKOS (coins of Basil I, p. 437, No. 5, and of Leo VI, p. 447).
I in OPeOAOlULI (silver of Isaac I).
S or Z is usual in the spelling of the name of Alexius I, but X is also used.
Z and X (Alexius III).
n n or n.
p
P ; but until about the time of Constantine IX the Latin K is often used, as in the word KLUMAILUN ; again, we find on coins of Basil II nOKFVKOV (i.e. nOP<t>VPOr€NNHTULI as written on coins of Theodora).
I The Latin S is often used for Z till about the time of Constantine IX when the lunate sigma — C — becomes the regular form. The straggling form 2^^ i sometimes occurs under Manuel I and later (see p. 572, note 1, infra and p. 630).
Y
H is used for Y (as in e€Y = GCOV). But the fonn in the purely Greek inscriptions is V.
Neai-ly always ULI, but sometimes approximating to W, as on the coins of Romanus I, circ, a.d. 919. O sometimes occurs, as under Constantine X (p. 515) and under Alexius I (p. 543).
Abbreviation Marks.
These do not frequently occur till the time of Constantine VI or Nicephorus 11 Phocas, when they become common.
ABBBSVIATIONS. mi 1 1 • ^ .«C^i>n^ * / 7 MAX
The usual mark is / as in T)6SP0/ (despot^) ; ^ also occurs, as in bASILE^ ; SCL^ ; also j.
S = e* or KAI (SIK = et Irene ; period of Constantine VI).
C = S = 6* (Constans II, p. 259).
On coins of Constans II, ^ and a* are perhaps marks of abbreviation (see infra, p. 266 n.).
§6. LIGATURES. MONOGRAMS. NUMERALS cix
The omission of lettei's is sometimes marked by -, as in the familiar ffp BV accompanying the figure of the Virgin ; SCL^ = SicU^.
More rarely a dot indicates an abbreviation, as in €N XULI, i.e. €N XPICTUU (John I, Zimisces). On a coin of Leo VI (ii, p. 444, No. 1) we find ^, in the word KOJpUJH, i.e. KOmAIULIN.
0 = 0 = 6 (Jyioy before the name of a Saint; e.g. O eCOAULIPG^, St Theodore (coins of Manuel I).
Ligatures.
These are of very rare occurrence till the time of Alexius I. Those found are chiefly as follows :— MSH (in KOMNHNUJ) ; W=NH; a) = Tp; CJ and U1 = 2T (Alexius III, -^-i^^^ruBBB. pp. 599, 600) ; iC in r€d5riOC = St George (Alexius III) ; » = OY ; i^Fp = MHTHP; T = ZT (Andronicus II, p, 615); ZH = AH ; <1 = €Y (John
II; TT?^
VIII, p. 640) ; HVN8.A = Manuel II ; \ tf\ Manuel II = Palaeologus.
Monograms.
The monogrammatic combinations that are so characteristic of Byzantine art occur but rarely on the coins. Their use is, in fact, mainly confined to the city of Cherson, where mono- grams form the usual ' types ' of the coins from Romanus I to the period of Basil II and Constantine VIII, L e. circ. 920-1025. Some eoins of Justinian I also bear monograms as a * type ' (i^ pp. 72, 73) : these are of ' Uncertain mints ', though possibly of Cherson (p. xviii, supra). The monograms of the Justinian period are arranged so as to form a block of letters; but from the time of Constantine VII and Romanus I, the letters of the monogram ai*e usually attached to the extremities of a cross ; e.g.Pl.UL14.
Apart from these instances the monogram is hardly found except to indicate the names of various Emperors : — Heraclius (subsidiary device
in field) ; PL XXIII. 10, rev.^ &c. JS = monogram of Constans II and of Constantine IV (p. 267 n. ; PI. XXXIV. 15 ; PL XXXVH. 21) ; mono- gnun of Justinian II, p. 339, No. 47 (Sicily) ; monogram of Tiberius HI (PL XL 18). See also at end of Index III.
Numerals.
The oflicina numerals and the marks of denomination (e. g. M = 40 nummia) are in Greek.
Dates (see further, infra) are nearly always indicated by Boman numerals, and the following examples may be cited : —
M = 5 (usual form). 11111 = 5 (Justin II, p. 94).
ex INTRODUCTION
^ = 6 (usual form). Ml = 6 (Justin II).
mi and lig = 7 (Justin II); ^1 and MM =7 (Tiberius II, Antioch) ; VII = 7 (Heraclius, Ravenna).
^11, Mill and IIW = 8 (Justin II) ; VIII = 8 (Justin II, Caithage). (On a coin of Heraclius, No. 469, p. 253, iw/ra, Mill = 8 occurs. This coin is attributed doubtfully to Ravenna : the use of U instead of the V usually found at Ravenna is one of the reasons for regarding the attribution to that mint as doubtful.)
IX = 9 or 11 1 (Justin II, p. 95),
MIX = 13 (Maurice Tiberius, p. 147).
XM = 15 (Justinian I).
Xqi, X^ = 16 (Justinian I) ; MIX = 16 (Maurice Tiberius, p. 147) ; XVI = 16 (Heraclius, Ravenna).
mix = 17 (Maurice Tiberius, p. 147).
Xqilll = 19 (Justinian I).
XX^, XXVI = 26 (Justinian I).
XXqilll, XXVI 1 1 1, XX^III = 29 (Justinian I).
XXX^, XXXMI = 36 (Justinian I).
XXX^I, XXXVII = 37 (Justinian I).
Dates.
Dates first make their appearance in 'yeai*s 12' of Justinian I
(a. d» 538/9), and occur regularly (though only on the bronze money, and
not on all denominations of tjie bronze) till the reign of
Constans II. After that reign (as will be seen below) they
are rarely found.
The dates nearly always indicate regnal yeai-s, the first year of the • reign ' being reckoned from the day on which the Emperor became Caesar or Augustus, a creation which may have taken place before his sole reign began. For example, Tiberius II, who became Augustus and sole ruler 26 Sept. 578, dates his (Constantinopolitan) coius from Dec. 574, when he was created Caesar by Justin II.
Dating by Indictions is found only on coins of Maurice Tiberius and Constans II.
Justinian I. Regnal years. At Thessalonica (p. 41, ivfra)^ the lettei-s A P occur, with no accompanying date. It is not certain whether these stand for anno primo.
Justin II. Regnal years, dated from his accession. (At Carthage, p. 97, iafra, PK ANNO presumably = pi^irao anno.)
Tiberius II. On his coins of Constantinople, the earliest date found is 'year 4', reckoned from his Caesarship of a.d. 574, and therefore indicating the year 578, the first year of hLs sole reign. But at Thessalonica, years * 1 * and * 3 ' occur, apparently reckoned from the first year of his
§ 6. DATES. TIBERIUS H— IRENE cxi
sole reign, i. e. fi*om A. D. 578. At the Thessalonica mint, however, there arc other dates (year 8, &c.) which are reckoned, in the usual way, from his Caesarship of 574.
At Antioch, the system of dating pi-esents some difficulties which are diseassed in/ra, pp. 125, 126.
Uaubige Tibebius. Regnal years. At Carthage the only dates found are the Indictions.
Phocas. Regnal years.
Hebaclius. Regnal years. At the Carthage mint dates are not found, unless the numerals inscribed on some of its gold coins ai*e dates rather than officina numerals (p. 232, infra).
CoNSTANS II. At Constantinople, some of the coins are dated in the Qfiaal way (by regnal years), but a carious series of numerals is also found there which may be either dates (regnal years), or dates (regnal yeai*s) combined with the officina number. This latter class is discussed infra^ p. 268.
In Sicily, there is a case of dating by Indiction (cp. coins of Maurice
Eberius), and on the K and 1 attributed to Sicily, a date * year 1 ' occurs, perhaps indicating the first year of the residence of Constans II at Syi-acuse (a.d. 662 ; see p. 305, infra).
CoNSTANTiHE lY. Dates (regnal years) occur at Ravenna, but at Constantinople they cease to appear except in an isolated instance, viz. X = year 30 = A. D. 683/4, reckoned in the usual way, from a. d. 654,
X
the first year of Constantine's Augustus-ship.
Justinian II. A few dates occur during his first and second reigns (see pp. 335, 356). In the following reigns no dates are found, and the bronze coins, on which alone it had been customary to mark the dates, now become rare.
CoNSTANTiNE V (A. D. 741-775). The only date found — and it is
apparently an exceptional commemorative date — is A X = year 30 =
NX N X
A.D. 74^50, reckoning from 25 March, 720, when Constantino was made
Augustus by Leo III (see p. 380).
On coins of Leo IV and Constantino VI no dates are found.
Irene has M coins with N X (apparently- modelled on the A X of
NX NX
NX NX
Constantine V). The same combination of letters and numerals is repeated in subsequent reigns, but finally ceases in the time of Theophilus. As this combination is found on coins of Emperors who reigned less than thirty years, it cannot indicate 'year 30'. Probably it is a religious ejaculation, Xpurrh^ viKa^ thrice repeated (see p. 400, infra).
cxii INTRODUCTION
In concluding this Introduction, I am anxious to express my indebted- ness, especially in regard to its historical section (§ 2), to the writings of Finlay, Bury, Diehl, Schlumberger and other scholars whose monographs are cited in these volumes. I am also indebted to Professor Oman's brilliant sketch of Byzantine history, and to the learned historical summary by Qelzer appended to Krumbacher's great work on Byzantine Literature.
In preparing the main body of the Catalogue I have referred throughout to Sabatier's Description (1862), a laborious and useful work, though defective in many ways, as has long been recognized. De Saulcy's Essai de classification (1836), I have also found well worth reading. Yet there are numerous problems in connexion with Byzantine coins which these meritorious numismatists did not suspect or did not attempt to solve, and it is to be regretted that their successors, the numismatists of the last forty years, have — with a solitary exception or two, such as Dr. Kubitschek and M. Svoronos — almost entirely neglected the study of Byzantine coins — a field of study which (it cannot be denied) is at times an arid one, but which would already have yielded to historical students an infinitely better crop had it been sown with a more liberal hand and cultivated with less intermittent care. There is one numismatist, indeed, the late Count J. F. W. de Salis, who, although he left little in print or manuscript on Byzantine coins, must be gratefully remembered by an official of the British Museum writing on this topic. For de Salis not only enriched our national collection with numberless Byzantine and quasi-Byzantine coins (barbarous imitations, &c.), but classified the series with his usual skill and acumen. Unfortunately, his an*angement was in many places left incomplete, and he published nothing to record or justify his classi- fication— a classification no doubt often suggested by the knowledge of provenance which as an ardent collector he probably possessed. His special service to the scientific study of Byzantine coins is the discrimination attempted by him between the Imperial and the non-Imperial money, and if I have been able to carry this division farther it is because the path has been indicated by this remarkable numismatist
For kind help in reading the proof-sheets of these volumes, I have greatly to thank Mr. Grueber, the Keeper of Coins, and Mr. G. F. Hill. Mr. 0. M. Dalton has also been so kind as to read the proofs of the Introduction and has made several valuable additions and corrections.
WARWICK WROTH.
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
ANASTASIUS I
11 Apbil, 491—1 July, 518
The primary classification of the coins is under Mints, which, in the present reign, are as follows : L Constantinople ; II. Nicomedia ; HL Antioch.
|
H.' |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse |
Reverse |
|
I. CONSTAl^TiNOPTiE |
||||
|
Solidus |
||||
|
DNANASTA SIVSP |
VICTORI AAVCCC |
|||
|
PAVC ' Bust of Anasta- |
Winged Victory in |
|||
|
sius, beardless, with |
chiton and peplos |
|||
|
head three-quarters r. ; |
standing 1., holding in |
|||
|
wears helmet with |
r. staff surmounted by |
|||
|
plume and armour; r. hand holds spear behind |
sacred monogram (^) ; |
|||
|
his head ; L hand (not |
in ex., CONO Bj in |
|||
|
represented) supports |
field 1., star. |
|||
|
shield decorated with |
||||
|
the group of a horseman |
||||
|
r. attacking with spear |
||||
|
a prostrate enemy.* |
||||
|
1 |
68.6 |
i^.8 |
B at end of inscr. [PI. 1. 1.] |
^ PPAVQ = PerpetauB Augustus. G has here (and in later reigns) the form C, C, (, or even |. The shield (originallj nearly of oval form) can be seen more distinctly on the solidi of preceding reigns, e. g. Arcadius (Montagu Ckit., PI. XXXVI, No. 1086) ; so also its device of the horseman and enemy.— Bobdebs of Byzantine Coins. As a rule, all Bvzantine coins are ornamented both on obverse and reverse with a border (see e.g. PL II. 3), which may be described as a reel border, from its resembling a series of leels or nnes strung together. In the present Catalogue the borders are, as a rule, only described when of some unusual character.
B
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
7 8
Weight
69.
664
69.
(pierced)
64-3
33-6
33.2 31-7
Metal and Size
AT. 8
AA.85
AT .8
JJ.85
N -1
AT .7 N .1
Obverae
DNANASTA SIVSP PAVC Bust of Anasta- sins, as on No. 1.
Bevene
VICTOR! AAVCCC
Victory (as on No. 1), holdingstaff with mono- grammatic cross (9,) ;
inex.,CONO B; in field 1., star.'
fF. Parkes "Weber gift, T at end of inscr. *■ 1906]
A at end of inscr. [PI. I. 2.]
[Bank of Engfland ffift, € at end of inscr. 1877]
[de Salis gift]
H at end of inscr.
Semissis
DNANASTA SIVSP PAVC Bust of Anasta- sius r. beardless, wear- ing diadem, cuirass and paludamentum.
[Purchased, 1904]
VICTOMAAVCCC
Victory wearing mantle over lower limbs seated r. on shield and cuirass'; on her knees she sup- ports a shield on which with her r. hand she in- scribes XXXX ; in front, ^ ; in ex., CONOB
[Montagu sale, 1896, No. ^ 1086f
[PL L 8.]
[J. E. Sinyanki, 1852]
(Cuirass rude) »(.p)
* There are Italian imitations of this type with reverses of fiiirly good work, but with obverse unskilfally treated, especially as regards the eyes. Those in the British Museum supply the numerals T, S, and I.
' These details appear more clearly on earlier coins, e. g. on a solidus of Arcadius (Montagu Cat^ No. 1086), and on a semissis of Zeno (Monta^, No. 1071).
' Compare a semissis of another type, Montagu CkU,, No. 1089 (from Coll. d'Am^conrt) ; rev.^ VICTORIA ACVSTORVM (sic) Victory seated on cuirass, and winged Genius supporting shield inscribed VOT' P* C ; in ex., COMOB. (Cp. Catdl. Ponton cTAm^court, p. 140, No. 870.) This is, perhaps, not of the Imperial mint.
ANASTASIUS I— CONSTANTINOPLE- GOLD, SILVER
No.
10
11 12 13 14 15
Weifirbt
16
22.6
22.
22.5 21.8 21.2 22.8 172
29.3
Metal and Size
US
AT .55
US
U'55
US
US
U'5&
M'7
Obverse
Reverse
Tremissis
DNANASTA SIVSP
PAVC Bast of Anasta-
sius r. beardless, wear-
inff diadem, cuirass and
paludamentum.
(DNANASTAS IVSPER PAVC)
[PI. I. 4.]
VICTORIAAVCVSTO RVM Victory in cbiton advancing to fix>nt, looking back 1. ; in r., wreath; in 1., globus cruciger ; in field r., star; in ex., CONOB
(AVCVSTRPVM altered in the die from AVCVS TOPVM sic). [deSalisgift]'
[de Salis gift] [PL I. 6.]
[de Salis gift]
[de Salis gift]
[Royal Collection]
[Dr. Cullen of Kustendji, 1868]
Silver
DNANASTA SI[VSP PAVC] Bust of Anasta- sius r. beardless, wear- ing diadem, cuirass and paludamentum.
VOT AVL" MTI
M VLT within wreath * ;
inex.,CONO[S?].
[Purchased, 1902] [PI. I. 6.]
^ llie excellent style and the lectio difficilis (PERP) of the obverse seem to show tbat this coin is of the Imperial mint, in spite of the blundered reverse.
* The type and legend recur under Justinian I, inftxt 'Carthage*, M: cp. Sab., PL Xn. U (VOT MVLT HTI). Cp. also Finder and Friedlaender, MUnzen Justinmmt, p. 26.
There are also silver coins of a higher denomination (size -9): — (i) InscT., Bust of Anastasius 1. ; rev. CLORIA ROMAN RV Emperor nimbate staadingl. ; r. hand raised ; 1. hand holds globe ; in ex., CONOB. Sab., No. 7 (>=Saulcy, Fl 1. 8) ; cp. Quelen, Cat, No. 2360 (' Romanorvm ').
(ii) Inscr., Bust of Anastasius r. ; t^, CLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor nimbate standing L : r. hand holds spear ; 1. hand rests on shield ; in ex., COR {sic). Sab., No. 8 ; PL IX. 2.
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse |
Reverse |
|
Bronze |
||||
|
(i) Large module with marks of value, M, K, 1 |
||||
|
M |
||||
|
(40 nummia) |
||||
|
DNANASTA SIVSP PAVC Bust of Anasta- sius r. beardless, wear- ing diadem, cuirass and paludamentum. |
M on r., star ; onl., star ; above, cross: in ex., CON |
|||
|
17 |
269-5 |
M 1-4 |
[de Sails gift] |
(On r.,crescent,onl.,star), beneath, €. Pellets in field. [PLI.7,r^t^.] |
|
18 |
301.6 |
M 1-4 |
Beneath, A |
|
|
19 |
237.6 |
M 1-25 |
[de Salis gift] |
Beneath, A (the M thicker than on No. 18). |
|
20 |
261.7 |
J& 1-3 |
Beneath, 5 |
|
|
21 |
2826 |
M 1-3 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
Beneath, B (the M thicker than on No. 20). |
|
22 |
278-2 |
M 1.3 |
(Bust smaller than on No8. 20, 21) |
Beneath, B (the M as on No. 21). |
|
23 |
248. |
JE 1.4 |
Beneath, r' |
|
|
24 |
269.7 |
M 1.55 |
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. I. 8, oftc] |
Beneath, A (unusually large flan). |
|
25 |
287. |
M 145 (washed loUhtilver) |
[de Salis gift] |
Beneath, A |
|
26 |
271.7 |
JE 1.45 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
Beneath, L |
|
27 |
274. |
^ 14 |
Beneath, A [PI. I. 9.] |
|
|
28 |
278-3 |
^ 1-45 |
Beneath, € |
|
|
29 |
276. |
JE 1.3 |
[de Salis gift] |
Beneath,€ (theMthicker than on No. 28: cross above, obscure). |
^ Here and at times elsewhere f has the form f.
ANASTASIUS I— CONSTANTINOPLE— BRONZE
No.
30
31
33
34
35
37 38
Weight
133.
12a 124. 14a5
58-6
{pitreed)
62.2
150-6
162.
143-
Metal and Sise
^ 1.
M 105 iB 1.05 M 11
JB .85
iE 1. iE .95
Obyene
Reyene
DNANASTA SIVSP
PAVC Bust of Anaatar
sius r. beardless, weax-
ing diadem, cuirass and
pflJudamentum.
[de Salis gift]
K
(20 nummia)
K on 1., long cross.
[de Salis gift] [Purchased, 1904]
On r., B
[PL I. 10.]
On r., r On r., A On r., €
I
(10 nummia) DNANASTA SIVSP I around, CON CORD I ;
PAVC Bust of Anaata- sius r., as on No. 30.
[Presented by Hon. J. L. Warren, 1860]
on r.andL,pellet ; above, cross ; in ex., CON
A' before CON COKDI
[Purchased, 1904] [(ii) Smaller modules with marks ofvaluey M, K, I, €
€ before CON COKD [PL L U.]
M
DNANASTA SIVSP PAVC Bust of Anasta- sius r. beardless, wear- ing diadem, cuirass and paludamentum.
[Townley Coll.]
(AV for AVC)
[Purchased, 1904]
M on r., star; on L, star'; above, cross; in ex.,
CON
Beneath, A
Beneath, B
Beneath, B (restruck ?)
^ Sabatier, No. 22, has B.
* There is another variety (small module) with M between star and crescent (M^moires Socimp. d*arch., Saint-Petersbourg, iv (1850), p. 291, No. 3) corresponding to the M of large module, supra. No. 17.
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size M .95 |
ObTCne |
Revene |
|
|
39 |
122.5 |
Beneath, P (star on r. obscure). [PL I. 12.] |
|||
|
40 |
155. |
^ 1. |
[Townley CoIL] |
Beneath, € (star on r. obscure, or absent ?). |
|
|
41 |
119-4 |
iE 1.05 |
Without stars ; no numeral beneath. |
||
|
K |
|||||
|
DNANASTA SIVSP PAVC Bust of Anasta- sios r., as on No. 36. |
K on 1., long cross ; above and below, star. |
||||
|
42 |
66. |
iE |
.8 |
[de Salis gift] |
On r., A [PL 1. 13.] |
|
43 |
66.1 |
^ |
.85 |
[de Salis gift] |
On r., B |
|
44 |
52.3 |
M |
.7 |
On r., B |
|
|
45 |
64.4 |
M |
75 |
[de Salis gift] |
On r., r |
|
46 |
77.8 |
JE |
.85 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., A |
|
47 |
70.2 |
JE |
.75 |
Inscr. obscure. [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., € (without stars). |
|
48 |
36.7 (worn) |
M |
.8 |
On r., g- |
|
|
49 |
54. |
J& |
.7 |
(AV for AVC) 1 DNANASTA SIVSP PAVC Bust of Anasta- sius r. wearing diadem, cuirass and paludamen- tum. |
(Without letter or stars.) |
|
I around, CON CORDI |
|||||
|
50 |
35.7 |
M |
•65 |
[de Salis gift] |
On r., A (CON COR?) |
|
51 |
38.6 |
JE |
.65 |
On 1., € ; on r., pellet. [PL I. 14, rev.] |
|
|
52 |
25.7 |
M |
.6 |
[de Salis gift] |
Onr.andl.,peUet(ICON CORD). |
|
53 |
33. |
M |
.65 |
(ICON CORD) |
ANASTASIUS I— NICOMEDIA-BRONZE
Na
54 55 56
57
58
59
61
Weight
37.8 384 28- 30.
30
14.
Metal and Sue
252-2
M
.5 .5
^ .55 je; -55
M -45
9-6 JE -35
M 1.35
Obvene
BeTene
(5 nummia)
DNANASTA SIVSP G with two peUets. PAVC Bust of Anasta- sias r., as on No. 50.
[Purchased, 1904] [Purchased, 1904]
[de Sails gift] [Purchased, 1849]
[de Salis gift]
[DNANASTA?] Bust of Anastasius r., as on pre- vious coins.
[de SaUs gift]
(?no inscr.)
On r., A
On r., B
On r., B
On r., r
[PL n. 1.]
On r., L
rt (mon. in Greek of Anastasius) within wreath.*
[PI. n. 2.]
[Purchased, 1904]
n. NICOMEDIA
Bronze
(i) Large Module
M
DNANASTA SIVSP PAVC Bust of Anasta- sius r. beardless, wear- ing diadem, cuirass and paludamentum.
(Rude work)
M on r. andl. , star ; above, cross ; beneath, star ; in ex., NIKOMI
[PI. II. 8.]
^ Folbwing the example of bii« predecessors Zeno and Leo (cp.Sab., PLVIII.21 ; VII. 9), Anastadiis issued small coins with his monogram as the rev, type (Friedl. MQnzen der y^ndiden, pp. 42 and 50). This issue doubtless preceded the otner bronze coinages of Hs reign, which are apparently nut earlier than A. D. 498 (see Introd. suproy § 2, under 'AnasUsins I ').^ Most of the extant specimens of this monogram type appear however to be Ostrogothic imitations (cp. FriedL, p. 41 f.) on which the bast is rudely represented ud the inscription curtailed or omitted (on rev., usually border of dots instead of wreath).
IMPERIAL BYZAJWINE COINS
No.
Weight
62
121.5
Metal and Size
63 64 65
66-2
87-7 66-
66
31-7
67
68
260-2
236-3
M 1-
M
-8 -8 •75
^31-7
M 1-3
M 1-2
Obverse
RoTetse
(ii) Smaller module, M, K,
M
DNANASTA SIVSP
PAVC Bust of Anasta-
sias r., as on No. 61.
[de Salis gift]
DNANASTA SIVSP PAVC Bust of Anasta- sius r. beardless, wear- ing diadem, cuirass and psiudamentum.
[Purchased, 1835] [Purchased, 1904]
M on r. and 1. , star ; above, cross ; beneath, star ; in ex., NIC
fpi. n. 4.]
K on 1., long cross and N I
[PL n. 6.]
On r., star.
On r., )|C ; above, o, be- neath,[K](i.e. NIKO).
I
DNANASTA PAVC Bust of
SIVSP
Anasta-
sius r., as on No. 63. [de Salis gift]
hI-
around, ICON COKD
[PI. n. e.]
m. ANnocH
Bronze
M
DNANASTA SIVSP PAVC Bust of Anasta- sius r. beardless, wear- ing diadem, cuirass and paiudamentum ; on, or above, head, globus cruciger.
(DNANASTTA P[AV]CI)
[PI. II. 7.]
ISP
M on L , on r., and above, long cross.
Beneath, B ; in ex., ANTX [de Salis gift]
Beneath,A;inex.,[A]NTX
ANASTASIUS I— ANTIOCH-6
No.
Weight I M^^^i^^
69
70
34.2
26-
72 73
276 30-5
M 45
.E .55
31-5 I ^ .55
45 5
Obverse
Reverse
Inscr. Headof Anastasius r. beardless, wearing diadem ; on, or above, head, cross.
[ANAST?] OSPP
(Inscr. obscure)
SIVSPP..
[PI. II. 8.]
(Head and inscr. obscure)
DN IV (bust r. in
diadem, jmludamentum and cuirass).'
On r., A AN
[Presented by Mr. Doable- day, 1846]
Onr., ATN
[Purchased, 1863]
Onr., A AN
[de Salis gift]
Onr., A AN
On r., N
[de Salis gift] [PI. II. 9.]
COINS WITH NAME OF ANASTASIUS NOT STRUCK AT THE
IMPERIAL MINTS.
In this reign, and in the following reigns, only those coins are catalogued which there is reason to think were struck at the Imperial mints (in the present case, Constantinople, Nicomedia, and Antioch). The numerous imita- tions (chiefly in gold, and of the fifth, sixth, and seventh centuries) of the Emperors' coinages which were struck by the Ostrogoths and other invaders of the Empire are reserved for description in a future volume. The British Museum collection of Ostrogothic, Yandalic, &c., coinages was originally airanged by Count de Salis (cp. Keary, The Coinages of Western Europe^ 1879), who has divided the various series with his usual numismatic acumen. The chief criteria are furnished by style and provenance.
The following are brief notes on the imitations of the coins of Anastasius: —
Gold. — Solidtis. The Victory on the rev, usually holds a broad-limbed cross, not the monogrammatic cross of the Imperial mints, though this latter type is occasionally imitated (see supra^ p. 2, n. 1). On the solidi assigned by de Salis to the Vandals the lettering is curious and the type somewhat rude.
The attribution to Anastasius is not quite certain.
10 IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
The Visigothic solidi, also, are not hard to distinguish from the Imperial coins: they frequently read COHOB. The series classed by de Salis as ^Italian imitations' are often of good work (except sometimes in the treatment of the eyes on the obt\) but have rev. Victory with broad-limbed cross. The Burgundian and Merovingian imitations are rude. Tremtssts. This denomination is often reproduced, but usually with 7'ev. Victory in 'profile with wreath and palm. The rev, of the Imperial tremissis has a different Victory (PI. I. 4, 6). The legends of the Visigothic and ' Italian ' tremissea are often blundered. The Imperial tremissis is itself of poor work, and in cases where its reverse type is exactly copied discrimination is difficult. The details of the Emperor's cuirass are, however, less exact in the imitative pieces and the brooch of the paludamentum is sometimes omitted. Count de Salis classes some pieces reading COMOB (cp. Rev. helge^ 1867, p. 156) as Italian imitations. Silver. — Sabat., No. 11, rev. monogram in wreath, has peculiar letters and high relief. Ostrogothic or Italian. Sabat., No. 12, rev. ' Invicta Roma '. Probably Ostrogothic, struck at Rome : see Friedlaender, Munzend. Ostgotlien^ p. 56. The well-executed gold and silver coins of Tlieodoric the Ostrogothic monarch (a. d. 493) bear the name and bust of Anastasius, but are distin- guished by Theodoric's monogram (Keary, op. cit., p. 45 f.).
VITALIANVS. Most of the coins that have been published as those of Vitalian (for whose revolt see Introd., supra^ § 2, * Anastasius I') are un- doubtedly barbarous pieces of the time of Justin I, Justinian I, &c. Thus a tremissis which reads lAVITA JIVOVAVG, and which has been attributed to Vitalian, is undoubtedly a barbarous coin (Visigothic), probably of the time of Justin I or later. (Two specimens in British Museum.) See further Sabatier, i, p. 157 ; de Saulcy, Essai^ p. 6 ; Friedlaender, RepertoHum^ p. 426 ; Rev. bel(/e^ 1857, p. 10. There is a tremissis^ however, in the possession of Mr. J. \V. Barron (1907) which appears to read DNVITALIANVS (pbv. beardless diademed head, rev. Victory). Unless this legend has been altered from DNIVSTINIANVS the coin must be of VitaHan.
Bbonzb. — Small M with rev. V in wreath. The wreath, the Roman (instead of Greek) numeral and the style of the ohv. (with type and letters in rather prominent relief) indicate that this coin is of Italian mintage. This being so, it cannot have been struck by Anastasius, but must be an Ostro- gothic coin bearing the head and titles of the Emperor as was usually the
11
JUSTINUS I
1 July, 518—1 August, 527 »
Mints = L Constantinople ; IL Thessalonica ; in. Nicomedia ; IV. Cyzicos ;
V. Antioch.
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse |
Reverse |
|
|
I. CONSTANTINOPT.E Solidus |
|||||
|
DNIVSTI NVSPPAVC Bust of Justin, beard- less, with head three- quarters r.; wears hel- met with plume and armour J r. hand holds spear behind his head ; L hand (not repre- sented) supports shield decorated with the group of a horseman r. attacking with spear a prostrate enemy. |
VICTORI AAVCCC Victory standingfecing, holding in r. , long cross ; in L, globus cruci^er; wearschitonand pej^os; in ex.,CONOB ; in field r., star.' |
||||
|
1 |
68-4 |
N |
.85 |
[Bkcas, 1867]« |
A at end of inscr. [PL II. 10.] |
|
2 |
69. |
N |
.85 |
[Bkcas, 1867] |
r at end of inscr. |
|
3 |
68-6 |
JJ |
.85 |
[Rich] |
r at end of inscr. |
|
4 |
70.3 |
N |
.8 |
(DIMIVSTI NVSPPAVC) [de Salis gift] |
(VICTO[RI] AAVCCC) ^ at end of inscr. (COMOB).* [PI. II. 11.] |
|
5 |
68.7 |
N |
.85 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
1 at end of inscr.^ |
|
6 |
40.8 |
M .8 {plated) |
(iE with gold plating; probably an ancient forgery.) |
1 at end of inscr. |
^ For coinB of his Joint reign with Justinian I see infra after ' Justinus I *.
* The solidi of this reign (cp. also those of Justinian) are vei^ rude, and the speci- mens here described might well be classed as 'barbarous imitations'. If there were prototypes more worthy of the Imperial mint they must have disappeared or hove become exceediugly scarce. One solidus of this style was procured in Roumania (colL of Mr. Horace Sandars, 1905).
' A description of the gold coins acquired by the British Museum from the collection of the Due de blacas was published by Madden in Num. Chron.y 1867 and 1868.
* This coin may not be of the Imperial mint.
^ A specimen in Photiades Cat., No. 95, with the numeral 6 (9).
12
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No
7
8
9
10
11 12 13
Weight
Metal and Size
34.3 32.8 333
32.
{pierced)
21.5 22.6 23.
U .75
JJ .75
U .7
M 7
N .6 A^ .6 N .65
Obvene
Reverse
Semissis^
DNIVSTI NVSPPAVC
Bust of Justin r. beard- less, wearing diadem, cuirass and paludamen- tum.
[Purchased, 1852]
[Blacas, 1867] [C. R. Fox, 1850] [Purchased, 1904]
VICTORIAAVCCC Vic- tory, wearing mantle over lower limbs, seated r. on shield and cuirass ; on her knees she sup- ports a shield on which with her r. hand she inscribes X X X X ; in
front, •^; behind, star;
in ex., CONOB
[PL IL 12.]
(Ancient forgery ?)
Tremissis
DNIVSTI NVSPPAVC
Bust of Justin r. beard- less, wearing diadem, cuirass and paludamen- tum.
[de Salis gift]
[C. A. Murray, 1849] (Ends RV)
VICTORIAAVCVSTO RVM Victory in chiton advancing *to front, looking back 1. ; in r., wreath; in 1., globus . cr. ; in field r., star ; in ex., CONOB
[PI. II. 18.]
^ Besides the aemiasea and tremisses here catalogued there are other pieces with the same t3rpes and legends, but distinguished (a) by their thinner, spread fabric, (5) by ruder
work and lower relief, especially on the cibv. These may, conceivably, be (i) the coins of Justin I, (ii) barbarous imitations of the coins of Justin I, or (iii) the coins of Justin II. The third of these attributions seems to be the most satisfactory, especially as it pro- yides Justin II (to whom Sabatier has assigned only solidi) with eemisses and tfemi^ses. (See further under Justin II.) The history of the small gold currency seems to have been as follows : Justin I issues aemisses and tremisses of relatively jB^ood style. Then Justinian I strikes pieces of ruder style, thinner fabric and lower relief. His successor, Justin II, issues similar pieces of still ruder style. Lastly, under Tiberius II Constant tine, a new rev. type— the cross— is substituted for the Victory that had hitherto appeared on semissis and tremissis.
JUSTIN I— CONSTANTINOPLE— SILVER
13
No.
Weight
Metal and Sue
Obyerse
Reverse
14
15 16
17 18 19
614 ipierted)
M .9
60.8 62.
M -85
294 27.7 27.9
M 75 M 75 M .65
Silver
DNIVSTI NVSPPAVC CLOR[IA RJOMANO Bust of Justin L beard- RVM The "Emperor, less, wearing diadem, > nimbate, in cuirass and paludamentum and paludamentum, stand- cuirass, ing 1. ; r. hand upraised;
L hand holding globus ; in field r., star ; in ex., CO[B]
[Purchased, 1904]
DNIVSTI NVSPPAVC
Bust of Justin r. beard- less, wearing diadem, crested helmet, paluda- mentum and cuirass.
[de Salis gift] [Purchased, 1868]
DNIVSTI NVSPPAVC
Bust of Justin r., as on No. 15.
[Purchased, 1904] [Purchased, 1904] [Purchased, 1904]
[PL in. 1.] '
CLORIARO MANO RVM The Emperor, nimbate, in cuirass and I)aludamentum, stand- ing to front looking r. ; r. hand rests on spear ; L hand holds globus cr. ; in field r., star : in ex., COB'
[PI. m. 2.]
(Ends RVn)
[PI. m. 8, rev.]
CLOKIAKO MANO RVM The Emperor
standing, as on No. 15;
in field r., star ; in ex.,
COB
[PI. III. 4.]
(Exergue obscure)
(Ex. and part of inscr. obscure)
* From the plate it maj appear that the portrait of the obv. differs from other portiaitB of Justin, bat this difference is merely due to the state of this specimen, which m been cracked and injured. With the coin cp. Sab., No. 8=Saulcy, PL I. 8.
' Cp. a similar coin in the French coll., wt. 4*40 grammes (Dieudonn^, Rev. num., J^, p. 196.) Cp. Babelon, Traits, i, p. 570 ; Mommsen-Blacas, Monn. rom., iii, p. 78. ^« M piece with inscr. FELIX CARTA assigned by Sabatier to Justin 1 (No. 17) is VaBdalic. See 4nfm at end of coins of Justin I.
14
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverae |
Reverse |
|
Bronze |
||||
|
(i) Large module with Tnarks of vcdtie^ M, K |
||||
|
M |
||||
|
DNIVSTI NVSPPAVC Bust of Justin r. beard- less, wearing diadem, cuirass and paludamen- tum. |
M on r., star ; onL, star *; above, cross; in ex., CON |
|||
|
20 |
236.8 (piened) |
^ 125 |
([DNIJVSTI l/ISPPV Bust rude.) |
Beneath, A (COM^ [Purchased, 1«)4] |
|
21 |
235.8 |
JE 1-25 |
Beneath, B |
|
|
22 |
229.2 |
^ 1.25 |
([DNIVISTIN VSP PAVC) Above head, small cross. |
Beneath, T [de Salis gift] |
|
23 |
223-6 |
^ 1.2 |
Beneath, T [Purchased, 1904] |
|
|
24 |
235.2 |
JE 1-25 |
(Legend and type bar- barous) |
Beneath, F [Presented by Mr. (now Sir) John Evans, 1847] |
|
25 |
275.5 |
JE 1.25 |
Beneath, A [Purchased, 1904] |
|
|
26 |
239. |
M 1.3 |
Beneath, A [Purchased, 1904] |
|
|
27 |
199. |
^ 1-2 |
Beneath, € |
|
|
28 |
252- 2822 |
M 1.2 JE 1-2 |
Beneath, € (ex., [CO]N) |
|
|
29 |
(A for A) [PI. in. 6.] |
(On r., cross ; on 1., star), beneath, A |
||
|
30 |
261.4 |
JB 1.3 |
[de Rails gift] |
(On r., cross ; on 1., star), beneath, B |
|
31 |
284.2 |
^ 1.25 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
(On r., cross ; on L, star), beneath, P |
|
32 |
253-8 |
^ 125 |
(On r., cross ; on L, star), beneath, A |
^ There are varieties of the large M coins, (i) with rev., two stars, (ii) with cross and star (No. 29, &c., infra), (iii) with two crosses; see Sab., No. 19.
JUSTIN I— CONSTANTINOPLE— BRONZE
15
Ma Wdght
U
35
68-
126.7
118-
Metal and Size
joa »oO
JR 1.
JE 1.05
76.6
^ -65
ObFene
Bevene
DNIVSTI NVSPPAVCiKonl.,loiig Bust of Justin r. beard- less, wearing diadem, paludamentum and cuirass.
cross.
[de Salis gift] [Purchased, 1904]
[de Salis gift]
Onr., B'
On r., B ; above, star.
On r., €
[PI. ni. e.]
(ii) Smaller module with marks of value, M, K, I, €
M
For a specimen (size -85) see Sabatier, No. 22 ; PL X. 5.
See Sabatier, Nos. 29 and 30 ; PL X. 12, 13.' I
DNIVSTINVSPPrSV?] Bust of Justin r. beard- less, wearing diadem, paludamentum and cuirass.
[Northwick sale, 1860]
1 surmounted by cross. BOON CORDI
(Thick fabric).'
[PL III. 7.]
^ Strnck on a flan too small for the types, but probably intended to pass for the nine valae as Nos. 34 and 35.
* fier. num. iv (1839), p. 244; PL X. 3, with DNIVS IVSTVSP. is apparently of Jastin I and Justinian I.
* No. 36 is certainly of Justin I (cp. fabric and inscr. of Anastasius 1). Nos. 37-9 differ &om it in fabric and No. 88 presents a new ohv. type. These may possibly be of Jutin II, but it seems best to keep to the general rale that the coins of the second Jutin (witiii certain fairly clear exceptions as at Carthage) always represent the Emperor and Empress on the o&r., and not the Emperor singly.
16
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverae |
Beyene |
|
|
DNIVSTI NVSPPA/C Bust of Justin r. beard- less, wearing diadem, paludamentum and |
1 surmounted by cross; on r., star ; on L, star ; in ex., CON |
||||
|
cuirass. |
|||||
|
37 |
56-6 |
^ |
.9 |
[de Sails gift] |
[PI. 111. 8.] |
|
D NIVSTI NVS PPAVC Justin wearing cuirass standingfacing, looking r. ; in r., spear ; in 1., globus. |
1 surmounted by cross; on r., star ; on L, star ; in ex., CON |
||||
|
38 |
68. |
^ |
.85 |
[de Salis gift] |
[PI. in. 9.] |
|
39 |
75.2 |
M |
.8 |
[de Salis gift] G |
|
|
DNIVSTI NVSPPAVC Bust of Justin beard- less r., wearing diadem, paludamentum and |
5p on r. € * |
||||
|
cuirass. |
|||||
|
40 |
36.1 |
^ |
.6 |
[Royal coU.] |
On 1., A [PI. in. 10.] |
|
41 |
35.8 |
M |
.5 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On 1., A |
|
42 |
333 |
M |
•55 |
(AV for AVC) |
On 1., B [de Salis gift] |
|
43 |
36.6 |
M |
55 |
(Inscr. blundered; 1 VTfor IVST, &c., ends APV) |
On 1., B [Purchased, 1904] |
|
44 |
38.5 |
JE |
.55 |
(PAC for PPAVC) |
Onl., B [Purchased, 1904] |
|
45 |
35. JE |
55 |
[de Salis gift] |
On L, r |
|
|
46 |
37. |
M |
.55 |
[de Salis gift] |
On L, A |
|
47 |
27-4 |
M |
55 |
(Inscr. obscure and blun- dered ?) [de Salis gift] |
Onl., H('^Nummia?) |
|
48 |
38.7 |
.E |
.55 |
(PP omitted) |
On 1., N [Purchased, 1904] |
* There may be some doubt on account of the style and rev. type as to whether these are Imperial coins and of the Constantinople mint.
JUSTIN I— THESSALONICA— BRONZE
17
|
No. |
Wei^t |
Metal and |
Obverse |
Revene |
|
XL THESSALONICA |
||||
|
M |
||||
|
QNIVSTI NVSPPAVC Bust of Jostin r. beard- less, wearing diadem, palodamentam and cairass. |
M on r., star ; on L, star ; above, cross ; in ex., THESSOB |
|||
|
49 |
286. |
m 1.25 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
[PL in. U.] |
|
50 |
224.2 |
M 1.25 |
[de Salis gift] |
Beneath, € |
|
m. NICOMEDIA |
||||
|
M |
||||
|
DNIVSTI NVSPPAVC Bast of Justin r., wear- ing diadem, paludamen- tum and cairass. |
\r\ on r., star ; on L, star ; above, cross; in ex., NIKM |
|||
|
51 |
269.2 |
M 1.25 |
[de Salis gift] |
Beneath, A [PI. in. 12.] |
|
52 |
262.3 |
M 1.25 |
(Head smaller) |
Beneath, A |
|
53 |
2596 |
M 1.25 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
Beneath, B |
|
54 |
176. |
M 1.25 |
(ONIVSTI NVPPAC) (Type rude) |
Beneath,r;inex.,NIKOH [Borrell sale, 1852, lot 1057] |
|
55 |
263.6 239. 265.1 |
iEl.2 M 1.2 ^125 |
Above head, cross. [Purchased, 1904] |
Beneath, L. |
|
56 |
(Restruck ?) |
(On r., cross ; on L, star), beneath, A |
||
|
57 |
(VST for IVST) |
(On r., cross ; on L, cross), beneath, B |
||
|
58 |
223.3 |
M 1-2 |
(Ends NVSPAC) [Purchased, 1904] |
(On r., cross ; on 1., cross), beneath, B |
|
59 |
261. |
& 1-25 |
(As No. 58 but different die) |
(As No. 58 but different die.) [F. Parkes Weber gift, 1906] |
18
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
Weight J'«£-^
60 61
137-2 123.
62
M 1.1 JE -95
Obverse
Revene
220.6
139-6
M 1-25
M 1.1
64
260.7
^ 1.4
DNIVSTI NVSPPAVC Bust of Justin r. beard- less, wearing diadem, paludamentum and cuirass.
[Purchased, 1904]
(Inscr. obscure), cross above head.
i> on 1., long cross be- tween N and I
On r., B
Onr.,[€?]
IV. CYZICUS
M
[DNIVSTI] NVSPPAV Bust of Justin r. beard- less, wearing diadem, paludamentum and cuirass.
Cross on cuirass.
DNIVSTI NVSPPAVC Bust of Justin r. beard- less, -wearing diadem, paludamentum and cuirass.
[Purchased, 1852]
M
on r. [cross?]; on L, cross; above, cross; in ex., KYZ
Beneath, A
[Purchased, 1904]
^ on 1., long cross be- tween K and Y
On r., A ; beneath, star. [PI. m. 18.]
V. ANTIOCH
M
DNIVSTINVSPPAVCS
Bust of Justin r. beard- less, wearing diadem, paludamentum and cuirass.
[de Salis gift]
M on L, star; on r., crescent ; above, cross ; in ex., ANTIX
Beneath, T
JUSTIN I— ANTIOCH
-M
19
Ho. 'Weight IM*^^'"'^
65
273.
204.4 (wprw)
M 14
M 1.35
67
225.
225.
118-7
70 71 72
85. 55- 60.
M 1-4
M 1-85
Obverse
Bevene
(D N I V2 Tl N V[S] P PAV i Beneath, A
CI) (I on brooch fes- 1 ^^^jj^^i^f*^
tening cuirass) double- j
struck.
[de Salis gift]
Beneath, L
[With rev. M between two stars ; Sabatier, p. 162, No. 20.]
M 1.
(DNIVSTIN VSPP AVCS) Above head, cross.
Similar to No. 67.
DNIVS[TIN] VSPPAVC Bust of Justin r. beard- less, wearing diadem, paludamentum and cuirass ; on head, cross.
[Presented by the Rev. Arthur Dixon, 1906]
(On L, cross ; on r., cross),
beneath, L (ANTX)
[de Sails gift]
Similar to No. 67. [de Salis gift]
Konl., #^
On r., B
I
M .9 M .85 M .8
DNIVSTINVSPPAVC
Bust of Justin r. beard- less, wearing diadem, paludamentum and cuirass.
[Purchased, 1904]
(Inscr. obscure ; head larger)
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. IV. 2, rev.\
1 surmounted by cross CON COKDI ; in ex., ANTX
A before CON ; on r. and 1., pellet.
A before CON ; on r. and 1., peUet.
r before CON ; on r. and 1., pellet.
» Cp. Sab., No. 24 ; Rev. num., vii, p. 18.
20
IMPERIAL BYZAJJTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse |
Reverse |
|
|
73 |
55.6 |
^ |
.85 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
(I DCON CORDI; on r. and L, cross; in ex., ANTIX) |
|
74 |
53- |
^ |
•65 |
(DNIVST INVSPPAC) |
(rCON CORDI) [Purchased, 1904] [PI. rv. 3, rev.] |
|
G |
|||||
|
DNIVSTINVSPPAVC Bust of Justin r. beard- less, wearing diadem, paludamentum and cuirass. |
9 The Tyche of Antioch seated 1. on rock within distyle shrine; at her feet river-god Orontes swimming r. She wears turreted head-dress, chiton and peplos, and (on some specimens^her r. hand is outstretched, holding ears of com (or palm-branch ?).* |
||||
|
75 |
36.5 |
JE |
.6 |
(Ends AVCS) |
[Northwick sale, 1860] |
|
76 |
31.3 |
JE |
.6 |
(Ends AV) |
[H. P. BorreU sale, 1852, lot 1057] |
|
77 |
32.5 |
JE |
55 |
(Ends AV) |
[Purchased, 1904] |
|
78 |
30.8 |
JE |
55 |
(PAV for PPAVC) |
[Northwick sale, 1860] |
|
79 |
38. |
JE |
.55 |
(PAV for PPAVC) |
[de Sails gift] [PI. IV. 4.J |
|
80 |
31.4 |
M |
•45 |
(PAV for PPAVC) |
[Purchased, 1904] |
|
81 |
26.7 |
JE |
5 |
(Inscr, obscure, blun- dered ?) |
|
|
82 |
267 |
JE |
5 |
(Inscr. blundered, ends PPIAS) |
^ On the group of the Tyche of Antioch and the Orontes which was apparently originated by Ilutychides, a pupil of Lysippus, and which first appears (so far as coins are concerned) on the money of Tigranes, king of A *Galatia/p. Iz.f.
• Armenia, see Wroth, Brit. Mu9. Cat.,
JUSTIN I— NON-IMPERIAL COINS 21
COINS WITH THE NAME OF JUSTIN I NOT STRUCK AT THE
IMPERIAL MINTS.
SouBUs. — ^As stated above (note 2, p. 11) even the solid! that appear to have emanated from the Imperial mint are deeply tinged with barbarism. Besides these ve have the foUo^wing Italian imitations : (i) rev. Victory 1. with broad cross •CO MOB* obt\ of fairly good work ; (ii) rev. Victory with monogranimatic cross, rude work; (iii) later, extremely barbarous. Other imitations, apparently Burgundian, are very similar to the ' Italian ' both of classes i and ii. Montagu Cat.^ lot 1092 (now in British Museum) belongs to this series. Tbehissis. Burgundian and Visigothic imitations ; rev. Victory r. with wreath. The Visigothic pieces are of rough work. There are also 'Italian' imitations with the same rev. type as those of the Imperial mint, but distinguished by the high relief of the letters. (The treatment of the letters in. high relief is characteristic of the M coins struck in Italy— Ostro- gothic, &C.)
Vaudalic Silveb. — Obv. name and head of IVSTINVS in profile ; rev. FELIX CAKTA ; female figui-e standing. Though this coin is assigned by Sabatier (No. 17) to Justin I, it is clear that it cannot have been struck by the authority of Justin I, i. e. before the taking of Carthage, which did not occur till the reign of Justinian. Mr. Keary (JJdnages of Weatetm Europe^ p. 36 ; cp. p. 32) supposes that the coin was struck by Justin H, and though this is a possible view, I am inclined to doubt it for the following reasons : — (i) We have other M (African) coins of Justin H with obv. head facing ; rev. FELIX RESPVBL(ica). (ii) The Felix Carta type first occurs on coins of Hilderic the Vandal king, a. d. 523-30 (Friedl., Vandalen^ PI. I, and pp. 30-3). There is great difficulty in supposing that Justin II would have adopted a Vandal type, and one, moreover, that had been for many years disnsed, for it was never adopted by his predecessor Justinian for his African coinage.
It will thus be seen that there are difficulties in assigning the coin either to Justin I or to Justin II. I therefore regard it as a Vandalic issue of the period of Justin I. There are, of course, numerous instances of the barbarian rulers placing the name and head of the reigning Emperor on the obverses of their coins.
OsTBOGOTHic SiLVEB. — There are a number of small M (rev. CN ;£ &c. ; also M with rev. K) which bear the name and head of IVSTINVS- It is certain from style and provenance that these were struck in Italy. They closely resemble (on the obv.) the silver coins that bear the names or mono- grams of the Ostrogothic kings, and I believe the whole series to be Ostro- gothic, struck either during the lifetime of Justin I, or possibly even after his death, for in style (especially in the case of the obv.) many of them seem to be later than the silver coins of Justinian. Baduila, when at war with
22 IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COmS
Justinian, is known (Kearj^, Coinages of Western Europe^ p. 52) to have placed on his money the head and name of the long-deceased emperor, Anastasios I, and he may also have adopted on his money the head of Justin L
Bbonze. — SmallJEl with rev. V in wreath. These must be Ostrogothic ; cp. similar coins with name of Anastasius, supra^ p. 10, ' Bronze *.
Small M with rev. € and -|- in wreath. Although these have the Greek (not Roman) numeral, I am inclined to regard them as Ostrogothic on accotiut of the wreath and the style of the o6r., with head and letters in prominent relief. (One specimen (British Museum) has rev. fcN, the wreath being- omitted.)
23
JUSTINUS I AND JUSTINIANUS I
1 Apbil — 1 August, 527 a. d. Mints « L Constantinople ; 11. Nicomedia ; HI. Antioch.
No. Weight
Metal and Size
Obverse
Reverse
1 I 69.2
2 i 68-5
68-6
67-8 694
69.1
Af .8 Af .85
N .85
N .8 N .85
N -85
I. CONSTANTINOPLE Solidus
Type 1
DN IVSTIN6TIVSTI NIANPPAVC Justin and Justinian, beardless, nimbate and draped in long robes, seated facing, hands clasped on breast; in ex., CONOB
[Blacas, 1867]
[Purchased, 1904]
VICTORI AAVCCC
Victory standingfacing, holding in r. , long cross ; in L, globus cr.; wears chiton and peplos; in field r., star; in ex., CONOB
B at end of inscr.
A at end of inscr. [PI. IV. 6.]
[Purchased, 1904] I at end of inscr.
Type 2
Inscr. and type similar to i Inscr., type, &c., as No. 1. No. 1, but each Emperor I holds globe in 1. hand and rests r. hand on ! breast ; above, between ^ the heads, cross.
[Purchased, 1904]
(IVSTINAN sic) [Purchased, 1904]
r at end of inscr." ^ at end of inscr.*
(I VST I N I for I VST I • e at end.of inscr.» NIAN) [PI. IV. e.]
[Purchased, 1862]
^ Cp. Montaffu Cat,, No. 1096, with L ; Ponton d*Am^court Cat,, No. 878, with €.
' Cp. Fhotiades Cat., No. 113.
' Cp. Sabatier, No. 1, and Moustier Cat., No. 3959, with I.
24
IMPEMAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obvene |
Reverse |
|
M. |
||||
|
DNIVSTIN6IVSTINIAN PAV Bust of Justin r. beardless, wearing diadem, paludamentum and cuirass. |
M on r., cross; on L, star; above, cross; in ex., CON |
|||
|
7 |
249.2 |
^ 1.15 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
Beneath, B(?)» |
|
8 |
226. |
M 1.2 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
Beneath, f |
|
n. NICOMEDIA |
||||
|
M See Friedlaender, Munzen Justiniana^ p. 17, PL L 4,* |
||||
|
m. ANTIOCH |
||||
|
M See Sabatier, No. 3. |
||||
|
K |
||||
|
9 |
125-3 |
M 1- |
[DNllVSTINVrSCTIVST 1 Koiil.,longcro88andAN IN IAN?] Busts of| TX Justin and Justinian, , beardless, facing ; nim- bate ; draped. , [de Salis gift] ! On r., L. (obscure) ' [PL IV. 7.] G |
|
|
32. |
M -5 |
f D N 1 VST |
9 The Tyche of Antioch seated L on rock within distyle shrine; at her feet Orontes swimming; wears turreted head- dress, chitonand peplos ; r. hand outstretched holding (ears of com ?). [PI. IV. 8.] |
|
|
10 |
NIANVSPPA* Busts of Justin and Justinian, beardless, facing, draped and crowned. [de Salis gift] |
|||
|
11 |
28.4 |
JE .45 |
[BorreU sale, 1852, lot 1057] |
* Cp. Friedl., Munz. Justinians, p. 17, PI. I. 8 ; Sab., No. 4.
2 See also Friedl., op. cit , p. l^^Rev. num., 1839, p. 244, Pi. X. 8 ; cp. Sab., No. 7.
' The identical specimen described by Sabatier, No. 6 ; the engraving (BL XL 22) ' restores ' the coin too much, and 1 cannot read the word VITA stated by him to occur on the obv. Cp. Num. Chron., 1878, p. 170, PI. VI (VIII), No. 2.
* The inscr. begins above the right-hand bust and is partly obscure ; cp. Sab., No. 8 ; Friedl., M, Justin., p. 17.
•Jo
JUSTINIANUS I
1 August, 527 — 14 Novbmbbb, 565
Hints = L Constantinople ; 11. Thessalonica ; IIL Nicomedia ; IV. Cyzicus ; V. Antioch (Theoupolis) ; VI. Alexandria ; VIL Carthage ; VIIL SicUy ; IX. Rome; X. Ravenna; XI. Uncertain Mints.
No.
Metal and Size
Obverse
Reverae
I. CONSTANTINOPLE
Gold Medallion
Circ. A. D. 534 ?
; DNIVSTINM {sic) ANVSPPA VC Bust of JuBtinian,
I nimbate, three-quarter face to r. ; wears nchly orna- mented helmet with plume of peacocks' feathers ; also diaidem, cuirass and mili- tary cloak fastened by brooch; in his r. hand, spear; behind 1. shoulder, shield. Border of dots.
SALVSETCL ORIA RO- MANO RVM Justinian on horse riding r., preceded by winged Victory m chiton and mantle, holding in 1. palm-branch and trophy ot arms. Justinian is nimbate and diademed, and wears plumed helmet, cuirass wi th vteryges, militaiy cloak and boots. On the hone is a decorated saddle-cloth and jewelled trappings. In field, star; in ex., CONOB : border of dots.
Fboktispibce. — Ny size 8-35 Inches. Photographed from an electrotype (in the British Museum) of the original, wbich was formerly in the French Collection. The only specimen of this medallion that has ever come to li^ht was found in 1751 at Odj&naeBk in Cappadocia. It passed into the French Collection, but was melted down bj the thieyes who plundered the coin-cabinet in 1881. A mould, fortunately taken from the original some time before tlus date, has been preserved in the British Museum, and from this electrotypes have been made for tbe French and English collections. See Babelon, M&angea numismatiques, iii, p. 805 f., and his article in Rev, num,, 1899, p. 1 f. ; Hnder and Friedlaender, MUnzen Justinians, p. 18 f., PI. II. Cp. note, infra, under Tiberiiis II Constantine, as to the gold medallion sent to Chilperic.
The original weighed *cinq onces deux gros', equivalent to 86 solidi or half a Roman pound (Babelon, MHanffes, pp. 812 and S21). The head-dress on the chv, is like the ToC^a worn by the equestri^ figure of Justinian in the Augusteum at Constantinople ; see Diehl, Justinien, p. 27. With the rev. type compare the Barberini ivoiy (frontispiece to Diehl's JusHnien), where, however, the imperial figure has been called by Strzygowski (Der Dam zu Aachen^ p. 49) Constantine the Great. Cp. also the Eertch silver disk <Diehl, op. cit., p. 80) and a plaque in British Museum, Dalton, C<xt. Christian Antiq,, No. 54a
With r^^rd to the date of the medallion, Babelon (Melanges, iii, p. 381) cites Gedrenus (voL i, p. 649, ed. Bonn) to the effect that this Emperor struck a coin repre- senting himself on one side and on the other side his general Belisarius in armour and the inscription BcXto-dptor rj d6$a t&p *Pa>fiaia>y. In this passage Babelon sees, and no doubt rightly, an aUusion to this gold medallion, though the description of the reverse figure as Beluarius is an inexactitude. The description of Cedrenus may, however, ^ve a due to the date, and Babelon would assign the issue of this medallion to the time vhen Belisarius celebrated at Constantinople his triumph for his conquest of Africa [spring of A. D. 5^]. It may be add^ that the bust on this medallion bears a general resemblance to the bust that appears on those gold solidi of Justinian that were issued previous to his twelfth year, i e. 588/9. In that year a new bust (differing from the bust on the ^old medallion) was introduced. The date of the medallion is therefore in all probability not later thim a. d. 588, and may be as early as A. D. 584.
26
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
Weight
1 2
3 4 5
Metal and Size
69. 69.
65- 68. 672
66-3
Obverse
69.4
|
AT |
.85 |
|
M |
.8 |
|
N |
.8 |
|
M |
•85 |
|
N |
•8 |
N ^5
N .8
Reyerse
Solidus
''Three-quarter face types * Before April a. d. 538
DNIVSTINI ANVSPl PAVC Bust of Justi- nian, beardless, with head three-quarters r. ; wears helmet with plume and armour; r. hand holds spear behind his head ; 1. hand (not represented) supports shield decorated witii the group of a horseman r. attacking with spear a prostrate enemy.
[Purchased, 1904]
(DNIVSTmi AUVSP PAVC)
[Purchased, 1904]
(Ruder than No. 3)
[Sinyanki, 1852]
[Purchased, 1904]
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAVC Bust of Justi- nian with head three- qufuiiers r. (as on No. 1, but wears diadem as well as helmet).
[Purchased, 1904]
VICTOM AAVCCC Victory standing tacing', holding in r. , long cross ; in L, ^obus cr. ; wears chiton and peplos; in ex. , CO NOB ; in field r. , star.
B at end of inscr.
r at end of inscr. [Royal Collection]
€ at end of inscr.
€ at end of inscr.
6 at end of inscr. [PL IV. 9.]
I at end of inscr.
VICTOR! AAVCCC Victory standing L, holding in r. globe with the monogram J^ ; wears chiton and peplos; in ex., CONOB ; in field L, star.'
I at end of inscr.
[PI. IV. 10.]
^ The solidus with the three-quarter face obv, (with two different rev. types) precedes the solidus with the full-face obv., which latter was probably introduced in April A.D. 588 as a comparison with the laige bronze coins marked anno xii (bA.d. 538/9) suggests (cp. PL V. 4, &c.).
' A rare coin (cp. the specimen at Paris, also with I, figured by Pinder and Friedl., p. 71sSab., No. 1). Both the * three-quaiter face ' and the later ' full-face * soUdi hare on the rev, a faciiu^ Victory. The appearance of this profile Victory is, therefore, remarkable. Possibly the coin may not belong to the Gonstantinopolitan mint, but there is no particular evidence in the matter.
JUSTDOAN I— CONSTANTINOPLE— SOLIDUS, FULL-FACE 27
^•^*r'sie""*
68-4 67.2
68^6 (pierced)
68-
6fr3
65.
67.
67.3
68-5
66.6
69-
N .8
JJ .85
Al S
JJ -8
AT .8
AT .8
AT .8
Af -8
JJ .8
AT .8
AT 85
Obverse
Revene
Full-face type April A. D. 538 and later
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAVC Bast of Justi- zkian, beardless, fucing, wears helmet with plume and armour; r. hand holds globus cr. ; L hand (not repre- sented) supports shield decorated with the group of a horseman r. attacking with spear a prostrate enemy.
[PI. IV. IL] (A for A) (IC for VC)
[Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904]
[de Bosset] [Purchased, 1904]
(A for A)
[Royal Collection]
(Ends ANVSPPA/C) [C. A. Murray, 1849]
(A,C^
Purchased, 1905] [PL IV. 12.]
[Royal Collection]
VICTORI AAVCCC
Victory standing^ fetcing, holding in r. long cross surmounted by letter P ; in L hand, globus cr.; wears chitonand peplos; inex.,CONOB; infield r., star.
A at end of inscr.^
(P twice repeated in the die). A at end of inscr. [Purchased, 1870]
B at end of inscr.
B at end of inscr.
A at end of inscr.
A at end of inscr. (Cross without P)
€ at end of inscr. (Cross without P)
Z at end of inscr. [PurchajBcd, 1905]
e at end of inscr. (Cross without P)
0 at end of inscr. (CGC for CCC)
1 at end of inscr.
' The obv. of this coin is somewhat finer and bolder than usual, and on the cuirass are three globules instead of the small pellets that usually decorate it.
28
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverae |
Reverte |
|
|
Sem |
issis |
||||
|
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAVC Bust of Justi- niarii r. beardless, wear- ing diadem, cuirass and paludamentum. |
VICTOM AAVCC C Victory wearing mantle over lower limbs seated r. (on shield and cuirass, ruaely delineated); on her loiees she supports a shield on which with her r. hand she inscribes numerals ; in front, ^, ; behind, star; in ex., CONOB |
||||
|
19 |
34-3 |
N |
.75 |
[Rich] |
On shield, XXX » [PI. IV. 18.] |
|
20 |
32.8 |
N |
.7 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
(rev. rude) |
|
21 |
34-7 |
N |
.8 |
[de Salis gift] Trenr |
(rev. rude : in front, £) 1 issis |
|
• |
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAVC Bust of Justi- nian r. beardless, wear- ing paludamentum and cuirass. |
VICTORIAAVCVSTO R V M Victory in chiton advancing to front, looking back 1. ; in r., wreath; in L, globus cr. ; in field r., star; in ex., CONOB' |
|||
|
22 |
222 |
Af |
•65 |
[Bank of Engknd gift, |
[PL IV. 14.] |
|
23 |
22.6 |
Af |
.6 |
[C. A. Murray, 1849] |
|
|
24 |
21.5 |
N |
.65 |
[de Salis gift] |
|
|
25 |
214 |
N |
.65 |
(DNIVSTINI VNVSP PAVI) |
[C. A. Murray, 1849] |
^ Probably the numerals have no significance at this period, and are more or less blundered. Cp. Pinder and Friedl., op. cit., p. 22.
' These are of careless work, especially on the rev. In spite of this they appear to belong to the Constantinople mint; the style of the Italian /^^^miss^^ is very oifferent. A specimen of the Constantinople tremissis of better style than our Nos. 22-5 belongs to the Nikosia Museum, Cyprus.
JUSTINIAN I— CONSTANTINOPLE— M, PROFILE 29
No. Weight
26
27
28 29 30 31
64^
75.5
264.8 275.6 269.6 278-2
Metal and Size
M 9
M 1-
M 1.15 ^12 M 1.25 M 1.25
Obverse
Reverse
Silver
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAVC> Bust of Justi- nian r. beardless, wear- ing helmet, diadem, cuirass and paludamen- tum.
[S. Verkovich, 1859]
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PA VC Bust of Justinian r, beardless ; as No. 26, but without helmet.
[Purchased, 1904]
CLORIARO MANORVM Justinian, beardless, nimbate, in military dress, standing L, look- ing r. ; holds in r. hand, long spear, in L hand, globus cr. ; in field r., star; in ex., COB =
[PL V. 1.]
CLOKIAKO MANOKVM
Justinian, beardless, nimbate, in military dress, standing L ; holds in r. hand, long spear ; 1. hand rests on shield ; in field r., star.'
[PI. V. 2.]
Bronze
M
Profile type
Sttmck before Ap7*il a. d. 538
M on 1., star; on r., cross; above, cross; in ex..
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PA VC Bust of Justinian r. beardless, wearing diadem, cuirass and paludamentum fastened by a brooch ornamented with 5K.
(Brooch plain)
(Brooch obscure) [PI. V. 8.]
CON
Beneath, A
[de Salis gift]
Beneath, B j [de Salis gift]
Beneath, f
[Purchased, 1904]
Beneath, f
^ C (=G) here and elsewhere has often nearly the form of I.
' Gp. specimen in Photiades Cat., PL I, No. 117 ; cp. also Babelon, MSlanges, iii, p. 828, Fig. 4 ; Dieudonn^ in Bev. num., 1899, p. 196.
' Nob. 26 and 27 were probably struck before April a.d. 538. Another coin <Babelon, op. cit, p. 827), with the same rev. as No. 27, has the full-face obv. type that was introduced on Justinian's bronze coinage in April, 538.
80
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
32
34 35 36 37
38
Weight
39
235.7
268.5
278.
240.5
169.
216.
264.2
321.2
Metal and Size
M 1.2
M 1.25 M 1-3 M 1.3 M 1.2 M 1.2
M 1.2
M 1.5
Obverse
Reverse
Beneath, L
[de Salis gift]
(AV for AVC) [Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904]
(Brooch obscure)
(Brooch obscure) [Purchased, 1904]
(Brooch plain) [Purchased, 1904]
(On L, star),
(On L, star),
(On L,
star),
(On L, star),
(On L, star).
star; on r., beneath, A
star; on r., beneath, &
star; on r., beneath, L
star; on r., beneath, L
star; on r., beneath, €
(On L, cross; on r., cross; (cross ? above), beneath, €
Full-&ce tyi)e Struck April a.d. 538 and later Monl.,A
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAVC> Bust of Jus- tinian, beardless, facing; wears hel- met with plume and armour; r. hand holds globus cr. ; 1. hand Qaot repre- sented) supports shield decorated with the group of a horseman r. attack- ing a prostrate enemy*; in field r., cross.
N
N
O above, cross ; in ex., CON
Onr.,XII»; beneath, A
^ C sometimes represented by a carelessly formed C or by I.
' Rudely represented by a thick line beneath the horse.
' The years of Justinian's reign are reckoned from his accession as joint-ruler with Justin I, i.e. from April 1, 527 a.d. His twelfth year therefore corresponds to A. D. 538/9, beginning April 1.
JUSTINIAN I— CONSTANTINOPLE— M, FULL-FACE 31
|
B«». |
Wei^t |
Metid and Size |
|
40 |
339-2 |
M 1-6 |
|
il |
332.2 |
JE1.55 |
|
42 |
337-4 |
M 165 |
|
43 |
363.8 |
^ 1-7 |
|
44 |
325-5 |
JE 1.7 |
|
45 |
334- |
M 1-65 |
46
47
48
341-
3434
315-
Obvene
(Cairass narrower than on No. 40)
[F. Parkes Weber gift, 1906]
M 1-5
JE 1-5
M 1-6
|
4» 50 |
318.5 326.7 |
|
51 |
3308 |
|
52 |
349. |
|
53 |
3444 |
|
54 |
363-3 |
|
55 |
351-3 |
|
56 |
340.8 |
M 1.5
JE 1-55
M 1.65
JB 1.55
M 1.55
iG 155
^ 1.5
BeTene
[Parchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904]
[de Sails gift] [Parchased, 1904]
[PresentedbytheRev. Arthur Dixon,1906]
On r., XI I ; beneath, B
On r., XII ; beneath, B [Gampana sale, 1846, lot 1044] [PL V. 4.]
On r., Xii ; beneath, T
On r., XII ; beneath, A
On r., XII ; beneath, €
On r., XII ; beneath, € (O in CON larger than on No. 44)
On r., X ; beneath, A III
On r., X ; beneath, B III
On r., X ; beneath, f III
On r., X ; beneath, L III
On r., X ; beneath, € III
On r., X : beneath, € III
On r., X ; beneath, B
II
On r., X ; beneath, T II II
On r., X ; beneath, /i II II
On r., X ; beneath, € II II
On r., X ; beneath, A (4
Date
12= 538/9 12= 538/9
li=
538/9
12=
588/9
12=
538/9
12=
538/9
13= 539/40
13= 539/40
13= 539/40
13= 539/40
13= 539/40
13= 539/40
14= 540/1
14= 540/1
14= 540/1
14= 540/1
15=
541/2
32
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight 324. |
Metal and Size |
Obverse |
Bevene |
Date |
|
57 |
M 1-7 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, A |
15= 541/2 |
|
|
58 |
352. |
M 1.5 |
On r., X ; beneath, B |
15= 541/2 |
|
|
59 |
3372 |
M 1-55 |
[Purchased, 1904J |
On r., X ; beneath, T |
15= 541/2 |
|
60 |
318. |
M 1.55 |
[Blacas, 1867] |
On r., X ; beneath, T |
15= 541/2 |
|
61 |
3194 |
JE 1.55 |
On r., X ; beneath L |
15= 541/2 |
|
|
62 |
3504 |
^ 1-55 |
[Blacas, 1867] |
On r., X ; beneath, € M |
15= 541/2 |
|
63 |
343.5 |
JE 1-55 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, € (double-struck) |
15= 541/2 |
|
64 |
326.3 |
JE 15 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X : beneath, A Ul |
16= 542/8 |
|
65 |
290.4 |
^ 1.4 |
On r., X ; beneath, A gi |
16= 542/3 |
|
|
66 |
316.3 |
JE 1-5 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, B gi |
16= 542/3 |
|
67 |
295.6 |
JE! 1-4 |
On r., X ; beneath, A Ml |
16= 542/3 |
|
|
68 |
273-2 |
JE 1.4 |
On r., X ; beneath, A g II |
17= 543/4 |
|
|
69 |
317. |
JE 1.45 |
On r., X ; beneath, B g II |
17= 543/4 |
|
|
70 |
314.8 |
M 1-4 |
On r., X ; beneath, T g II |
17= 543/4 |
|
|
71 |
326. |
^1.3 |
On r., X ; beneath, L M II |
17= 543/4 |
|
|
72 |
288.3 |
^ 1.3 |
On r., X ; beneath, A Mil |
17= 543/4 |
JUSTINIAN I— CONSTANTINOPLE— M, FULL-FACE 38
|
Ho. |
Weight |
Metal iu>d Size |
Obverse |
BeTezM |
Date |
|
73 |
292> |
iEl-35 |
(Ends A/) |
On r., X ; beneath, A III |
18= 544/5 |
|
74 |
2521 |
M 1-3 |
[Parchased, 1904] |
On r., X : beneath, L III |
18= 544/5 |
|
75 |
292.2 |
M 1-35 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, € III |
18= 544/5 |
|
76 |
299-1 |
M 14 |
CDNIVSTIN ANVS PPAVC) |
Or r., X ; beneath, A |
19= 545/6 |
|
77 |
313. |
M 14 |
(Ends ANVSPPAV) |
On r., X ; beneath, T gi III |
19= 545/6 |
|
78 |
265-2 |
M 1-35 |
(DNIVSTIN ANVSP PAVC) [Parchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, € Ml Hi |
19= 545/6 |
|
79 |
298-6 |
M 1-3 |
(A for A) |
Onr., X; beneath, A |
20= 546/7 |
|
80 |
3094 |
M 1.35 |
(A for A) [Parchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, € |
20= 546/7 |
|
81 |
302- |
M 1-35 |
On r., X ; beneath, € X • |
20= 546/7 |
|
|
82 |
267-5 |
JB 1-35 |
On r., X ; beneath, A 1 |
21= 547/8 |
|
|
83 |
281- |
M 1-3 |
(DNIVSTIN ANVS &c.) |
On r., X ; beneath, f 1 |
21= 547/8 |
|
84 |
281-7 |
M 14 |
(M for second N) |
On r., X ; beneath, € 1 |
21= 547/8 |
|
85 |
2764 |
M 14 |
On r., X ; beneath, € II |
22= 548/9 |
|
|
86 |
272-7 |
M 1-3 |
[Parchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, A II II [PI. V. 6.] K |
24= 550/1 |
34
DIPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse |
Reverw |
Date |
|
87 |
282. |
M 1.35 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, L II . II |
24= 550/1 |
|
88 |
284-4 |
M 1.3 |
On r., X ; beneath, A X |
26= 552/3 |
|
|
89 |
265. |
M 13 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, S X II |
28= 554/5 |
|
90 |
259.5 |
M 1-3 |
[de Sails gift] |
On r., X ; beneath, A X SI II |
29:= 555/6 |
|
91 |
283.2 |
M 1.35 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, T X SI II |
29= 555/6 |
|
92 |
258.7 |
M 1.2 |
[Pui-chased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, € X ISI 1 |
29= 555/6 |
|
93 |
221.4 |
M 1-15 |
[Blacas, 1867] |
On r., X ; beneath, A X |
30= 556/7 |
|
94 |
263. |
M 1.3 |
[Purchased, 1863] |
On r., X ; beneath, € X |
30= 556/7 |
|
95 |
264.4 |
M 1.3 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, T X X 1 |
31= 557/8 |
|
96 |
271.4 |
M 1.3 |
Ou r., X ; beneath, A X X 1 |
31= 557/8 |
|
|
97 |
264.4 |
M 1.3 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, € X II |
32= 558/9 |
JUSTDOAN I-CONSTAMINOPLE— K, PROFILE
86
98
99 100 101
102 103 104
Weight
258-7
286-
241-2
•2477
136-3 148- 89.7
Metal and Size
^ 13
M 1-3
M 1-25
M 1-25
M 1- M M ^ .9
Obverae [Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904] [Purchased, 1904]
Revene
On r., X ; beneath, B XX II II
On r., X : beneath, B XX
s
On r., X ; beneath, L XX
On r., X ; beneath, A XX «il
K
Profile type Sti^uck before April a. d. 538
K on 1., long cross ; above and below,
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAVC Bust of Jus- tinian r. beardless, wearing diadem, cuirass and paluda- mentum fastened by brooch.
[Blacas, 1867]
[Purchased, 1904]
(5|c on brooch) [de Salis gift]
star.*
On r., A On r., L
On r., €
[PL V. e.]
Date
34= 560/1
36= 562/3
36= 562/3
37= 563/4
' K series, profile and fall-face types. The coins here described bear no mint- name, except Nob. 113, 114, of years 14 and 15, which are marked CON and which are pieces of exceptionally small module. There are also K coins of year 14 which are triihaut mint-name and of the ordinary module.
There is, no doubt, considerable difficulty in supposing that Constantinople issued this double series of coins in year 14, and it may be thought that the K coins without mint-names cannot belong to Constantinople. On the other hand, it would be sur-
S rising if the capital which issued I coins (with mint-names) did not issue the higher enomination, K, year by year. The small K coins marked CON can hardly be its sole issues of this denomination, and 1 am disposed to attribute the whole series of K coins to tins mint. q
K coins marked f^ and C are attributed infra to Antioch.
86
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
105
106
Weight
Metal and Size
107 108 109 110
111
112 113
114
584
120-
158-7 155. 157.3 130.4
180.6
142. 128.1
77.
■Al 'Od
M .9
M 1.1
JE 1.1
M 1.15
M 1.2
M 1.1
JE 1-2
M .75
Obverse
[Purchased, 1904]
(DNIVSTINIAN
VSPP) (dress varied)
[Purchased, 1904]
Reyerse
On r., S (head of cross downwards; border of dots).
No letter on r. (head of cross down- wards).
[PL V. 7.]
Full-face type Stntck April a. d. 538 and later DNIVSTINI ANVSP K on 1., A
PAVC Bust of Jus- tinian beardless, fEkcing; wears hel- met with plume and armour; r. hand holds globus cr. ; 1. hand supports shield with horse- man device ; in field r., cross.
[Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904] [Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904]
[Townley ColLJ [PL V. 9, rev,\
[Pl. V. 10, rev."]
N N O
above, cross.
On r., XII; beneath, B On r., XII; beneath, & On r., XII ; beneath, € On r.,XIII ; beneath, B
Onr.,X ; beneath, T [PL V. 8.]
Onr.,x]];beneath,r(1)
(The K smaller than on previous coins) (A for A); on r., XIIII;inex.,CON
(The K smaller than on No. 113) (A for A) ; on r., a peUet and XV; in ex., CON
Date
12= 538/9
12= 538/9
12= 538/9
13= 539/40
14= 540/1
14= 540/1
14= 540/1
15= 541/2
JUSTINIAN I— CONSTANTINOPLE— K, FULL-FACE 37
|
Na |
Weight |
Metal and Sixe |
Obrerse |
RoTerae |
Date |
|
115 |
134^ |
JE 1-05 |
[Townley Coll.] , |
On r.,XUI; beneath, B |
16= 542/3 |
|
116 |
139.2 |
JE 1.05 |
[Purchased, 1904] ; |
On r.,Xm; beneath, r |
16= 542/3 |
|
117 |
146- |
JE M |
rONIVST ANVSP PV sic) (Townley Coll.] |
Onr., XX; beneath, r 1 |
21= 547/8 |
|
118 |
149. |
^ 1.05 |
[de Sails gift] |
Onr., XX; beneath, B |
22= 548/9 |
|
119 |
143. |
M 1.05 |
[de Salis gift] |
Onr., XX; beneath, € XII |
32= 558/9 |
|
I Undated |
|||||
|
Struck before April a. d. 538 |
|||||
|
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAV Bust of Jus- tinian r. beardless, wearing diadem, cuirass and paluda- mentum. |
I surmounted by small cross ; on 1., star; on r., star; in ex., CON |
||||
|
120 |
72.8 |
JE .75 |
[Purchased, 1904] Inscr. Bust of Jus- tinian r. beardless, wearing diadem, cuirass and jwluda- mentum. |
[PL VI. 1.] 1 on L, long cross; on r., long cross; in ex., CON |
|
|
121 |
90.3 |
JE .75 |
DNIVSTI [Purchased, 1904] |
||
|
122 |
115. |
JE .75 |
DNIVSTIN [Purchased, 1904] |
[PI. VI. 2.] |
|
|
123 |
74.3 |
^ .75 |
DNIVSI[IN] lANVS PPA |
[de SaUs gift] |
|
|
124 |
77.1 |
M .75 |
DNIVSTIN lANIP PAC |
[de Salis gift] |
|
|
125 |
67.8 |
M -8 |
DNIVS[T] [l]NIAN VPP |
[de Salis gift] |
38
IMPEROlL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and SiM |
Obvewe |
Reverse |
Date |
|
|
Dated |
||||||
|
Issued f ram April |
A. D. 538 onwards ' |
|||||
|
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAVC Bust of Jus- tinian r. beardless, wearing diadem, cuirass and paluda- mentum. |
1 surmounted by small cross. On 1., A N N O in ex., CON |
|||||
|
126 |
83. |
M 1. |
[Purcliased, 1904] |
On r., X III |
13= 539/40 |
|
|
127 |
82-4 |
M |
.85 |
[de Salis gift] |
On r., X III |
13= 539/40 |
|
128 |
81-6 |
M |
.95 |
On r., X II II [PL VI. 8.] |
14= 540/1 |
|
|
129 |
83.2 |
M |
•85 |
On r., X II II |
14= 540/1 |
|
|
130 |
82. |
M |
.95 |
[Purchased, 1904] [PL VI. 4.] |
{Obv. type (L) and inscr. repeated in incuse) * |
— |
|
131 |
67.8 |
M |
.75 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X Ml |
16=t 542/3 |
|
132 |
54.4 |
M |
•85 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X X III |
23= 549/50 |
|
133 |
56.6 |
M |
•8 |
(PK(Mc)forPPAVC) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X X VI (beneath, P' instead of CON) [PL VX 6.] |
26= 552/3 |
' For year xii, Pinder and Fried!., p. 44. ' This fw. type is produced, unintentionally, by _
of another coin (mm tlie same die), which, through an oversight, was not remoVed
produced, unintentionally, by the impression of the obv, type
from between the dies after being struck. Similar instances are found in the earlier Roman mints, and indeed in mints of most periods and countries.
^ The letter P occurs on K coins assigned infra to Antioch. But all the dated I coins of that mint have the fullrface type on ohv, Constantinople seems to be the most likely mint.
JUSHNIAN I— CONSTANTINOPLE— I, DATED
B^ Weight
135
136
137
eae
49.5
65.7
40.4
138
71.3
139
516
Metal and Siae
JE -65
JR .65
M -65
M -65
M .75
jtB •o
Obverse
(AVC omitted) [Purchased, 1904]
[Purcliased, 1904]
[Purcliased, 1904]
(DNIVSTI NIANVS
rest omitted])
[de Sails gift]
Bevene
On r., X X VI (beneath, P instead of CON)
On r., X X X
On r., X X X
On r., X X X
III
[Purchased, 1904] [PL VI. e.]
(1 surmounted by star; CON obscure) On r., X
XX
Sll
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAVC Bust of Jus- tinian r. beardless, wearing diadem, cuirass and paluda- mentum.
[BankofEnglandgift,
tSw
ithin reel border.
On r., A
[PI. VI. 7.]
Daie
26= 552/3
30=
556/7
30= 556/7
33= 559/60
38=
564/5
^ The coins with € are without the mint-name. Some € coins with a letter (numeral) in front of the € were struck by Anastasius I (Pi. II. 1) presumably at Constantinople— or, at any rate, not at any African or Italian mint. The € coins of Jastinian I may, therefore, with some pi-obability, be attributed to Constantinople, with the exception of one class, which shows the € encircled by a wreath and which is of thicker fitbric than usual. These thick coins, in type, resemble the Ostrogothic bronze pieces bearing the name of Justin I (cp. also those with the name of Justinian), and I am inclined to regard them as Ostrogothic issues, although the style and lettering of their obverses is not distinctively Italian. Of these Ostrogothic € coins there are two obr, types, profile and full-face.
The coins of the € denomination with rev. monogram of Justinian within C (i. e. €), obv,, a head and blundered legend, are described infra under * Uncertain mints' of Justinian I. Another series of € coins with obv,, monogram of Justinian I, is also described among the * Uncertain ' of Justinian. ^
There are also scarce € coins of Cyzicus, marked y (see injra) : the fabric of these is like that of the € coins here assig^^ed to Constantinople.
40
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
MeUl and Size |
Obverse |
Rerene |
Date |
|
|
140 |
51.2 |
M |
•75 |
[de Sails gift] |
On r., A |
|
|
141 |
33.8 |
M |
7 |
(AV for AVC) [de Balis gift] |
Onr., A |
|
|
142 |
47.6 |
JE |
.75 |
[Parchased, 1904] |
On r., B |
|
|
143 |
522 |
M |
.85 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., r |
|
|
144 |
48.3 |
M |
.75 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., r |
|
|
145 |
5a |
M |
•8 |
[Purchased, 1853] DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAVC Bust of Jus- tinian r. beardless, as on No. 139. |
On r., L € within reel border. |
|
|
146 |
31.8 |
M |
.6 |
On r., A |
||
|
147 |
30.4 |
M |
.6 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., A |
|
|
148 |
32-8 |
M |
.65 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., B |
|
|
149 |
25. |
& |
.65 |
[de Salis gift] |
On r., B |
|
|
150 |
24.5 |
M |
.6 |
(AV for AVC) |
On r., r |
|
|
151 |
32.2 |
M |
.65 |
(AV for AVC) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., L |
|
|
152 |
333 |
M |
.65 |
(AV for AVC) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., A |
|
|
153 |
338 |
M |
•65 |
(A for AVC) |
Onr., 8« |
|
|
154 |
312 |
M |
.6 |
(AV for AVC) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., 8 [PL VI. 8.] |
|
|
155 |
44.1 |
M |
.7 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
[PL VI. 9.] |
|
|
156 |
333 |
M |
.7 |
[de Salis gift] |
||
|
157 |
29-2 |
M |
.6 |
(DNIVSTIN ANVSP PAV)» |
On r., star. |
|
|
158 |
315 |
M |
.6 |
(DNIVSTIN ANVS PAV) |
In fh>nt, star, [de Salis gift] |
|
|
159 |
27-7 |
M |
.6 |
(DNIVSTIN ANVSP PAV) |
In front, star. [Purchased, 1904] |
|
|
1 but ii t |
i.e.OV; 1 thisca* Nob. 157 |
poanblyant B A and N k -9 are of cai |
idumbration (in combinatic onld be omitted, 'eless work on the o&e. |
m with the tjrpe) of lOVCTI |
NIANOV. |
JUSTINIAN I— THESSALONICA
-K
41
Weig^
160
161
162
98.
76.4
74.6
Metal and Siae
M -95
.^Sj •"
^ .9
164
104.
83-7
-m 'bo
JS .85
Obverse
Revene
n. THESSALONICA »
DNIVSTINI ANVSP i K on L, A
PAV Bust of Jus- tinian beardless, I fJEkcing ; wears hel- | met with plume . and armour ; r. hand , holds globus cr. ; 1. hand supports ; shield with horse- | man device ; in field | r., cross.'
N
N
O above, cross; in ex., T€S
[de Salis gift]
[de Salis gift]
(V for AV) (double- struck)
[Presented by Mr. George Finlav, 1854]
On r., XXX Mil [PL VI. 10.]
On r., XXX Ulll
On r., XXX Ullll
IS (16)
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAVC Bust of Jus- tinian r. beardless, wearing diadem, cuirass and paluda- mentum.
[Royal Collection]
[de Salis gift]
aISp»; in ex., T€S
Above, • 4- • [PL VI. 11.]
Above, • + •
Date
37=
563/4
38= 564/5
39= 565.
^ The coins of this mint are nearly always carelessly engraved and struck on irregular and jagged flans.
* Op. Finder and Friedl., p. 51.
' AP. Possibly —anno prime; but the interpretation is not certain. Cp. Pinder and FriedL, pp. 42 and 50. Cp. Nos. 172, 175, and ISO, infra.
0
42
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
165 166 167 168 169 170
171 172
173 174
Weight
93-9
72.3
96.7
912
97.
81-7
123-6 65.6
103.2 88.7
Metal and Size
Ja .9
M .75
JB .85
M .8
M .95
M .9
M .85
Obvene
|
175 |
55.2 |
|
176 |
72.2 |
|
177 |
39. |
|
178 |
43.5 |
|
179 |
64. |
JE .9
JE .65 JE .8
[de Sails gift] [de Salis gift] [de Salis gift] [de Salis gift] [Purchased, 1904] [Purchased, 1904]
[de Salis gift]
(Ends AC ?)
[de Sahs gift]
[Townley ColL]
Bevene
Date
Above, • + •
Above, • + •
Above, 5|c-h5|c
Above, 3IC4-5IC
Above, 5|c+5|c
Above. 5|c + 5|c (€T$ for T€S)
Above, ^
Above, [A] • W; on r., I *
Above, -A* Above, ? and K
H
JE .7
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAVC Bust of Jus- tinian r. beardless, wearing diadem, cuirass and paluda- mentum.
[de Salis gift]
[de Salis gift]
[Purchased, 1904]
[de Salis gift]
^H
ArlP
Above, + Above, + Above, 5|c+5|c
Above, ^
[PI. VI. 12.]
[Purchased, 1904] ; Above, ^
Cp. a Bpecimen in Sab., No. 89 ; PI. XVT. 7.
JUSTINIAN I— THESSALONICA-A
48
No.
Wei^rht
180
181
182
26.5
17.2
12.
Metal and Size
JE .45
JE 45
Obverse
ReTerae
Date
DNIVS[TI]NIANVC (sic) Bust of Jus- tinian r. beardless, wearing diadem, cairass and palnda- mentum.
[Presented by Mr. George Finlav, 1854f
DNIVSTINIANVSP PAVC Bust of Jus- tinian r.. like No. 180.
[PL VL la-]
on r. of which, star.
(Inscr. partly obscure) [Presented by Mr. I George Finlay,
1854] [PL VI. 14.]
B
DNIVSTINIANVSP PAVC Bust of Jas-
tinian r., as on No.
180.
(Inscr. partly obscure)
B
between two stars.
[Presented by Mr. George Finlay, 1854]
[PL VI. 16.]
' Yarietiei exist with a cross (Finder and FriedL, p. 41) and ^ (Bevue beige, 1862,
p. 183) above the A. No. 180 was found at Athens (Finlay, Hist, of Greece, i, p. 446), as wete also Nos. 181, 182, marked f and B. The f and B coins closely resemble in the ilyle of their obverses the obv. of No. 180, and 1 have no hesitation in attributing them to Thessalonica. The coins of this mint are pieces of 16, 8 and 4 units, with 3 and 2 as smaller change. The ordinary Imperial system of 40, 20, &c., only makes its appearance here at the end of the reign (see coins with K). In Mommsen*8 view [kmn, nmi., iii, p. 166), the coins of Thessalonica marked '16' (1^), '8,' and '4* are probably ' des seiziemes, trente-deuzi^mes et soixante-quatri^mes de siliqua, et peuvent «tre 6valn^s a 15%, 7"/^^, 329/30 deniers.' CHERSON. For a coin attributed by Sabatier to this mint, see Sab., No. 130 (Justinian I) ; cp. Finder and Friedl., p. 41.
u
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
Weight
Metal and Sise
183
285-3
184 2654
185
186 187
188
iB 1-2
M 1-2
2684 ^ 1-2
352.2 349.5
245.2
M 1-65 M 1-75
M 1.35
Obverse
Bevene
ra. NICOMEDIA
M
Profile type Struck before April a. d. 538
M on 1., star; on r., cross; above, cross; inex., NIKM
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PA Bust of Justinian r. beardless, wear- ing diadem, cuirass and paludamentum.
Beneath, A
(EndsANISVPrPT) [Purchased, 1905]
[de Salis gift]
(On 1., cross; on r., cross) ; beneath, B [PI. VI. 16.]
(On L, cross; on r., cross) ; beneath, B
M
Full-face type Sti'uck April a. d. 538 and later
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAVC» Bust of Jus- tinian beardless, facing; wears hel- met with plume and armour ; r. hand holds globus cr. ; L hand supports shield with horse- man device ; in field r., cross.
[Campana sale, 1846, lot 1044]
[Purchased, 1904]
M on L, A N N O
above, cross ; in ex. , NIKO
On r., XI I ; beneath, A On r., XII; beneath, B
On r., XI I ; beneath, B
* C often nearly C.
JUSTINIAN I-NICOMEDIA-M, FULL-FACE
45
|
Ho. |
Wdghi |
Metal and Sise |
Obverse |
Reverse |
Date |
|
189 |
359.5 |
M 1.75 |
[ReT. G. J. Chester, 1889] [H. vn. L] |
On r., XII; beneath, B (in ex., NIK) |
12= 538/9 |
|
190 |
326-7 |
M 1-65 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, A ii 1 (in ex., NIK) |
13= 539/40 |
|
191 |
345-2 |
M 1-7 |
On r., X ; beneath, A II 1 (in ex., NIK) |
13= 539/40 |
|
|
192 |
328-5 |
M 1-6 |
[de SaUs gift] |
On r., X ; beneath, B 1 (in ex., NIK) |
13= 539/40 |
|
193 |
348-5 |
M 1-6 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, A II (in ex., NIK) |
14= 540/1 |
|
194 |
314. |
M 1-45 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, A • II |
14= 540/1 |
|
195 |
346-5 |
M 15 |
(Emperor's neck long) [PL Vll. 2.] |
On r., X ; beneath, A [Purchased, 1904] |
15= 541/2 |
|
196 |
335-3 |
M 1.55 |
[de Salis gift] |
On r., X ; beneath, A |
15= 541/2 |
|
197 |
371-3 |
M 1.6 |
[Rev. G. J. Chester, 1889] |
On r., X ; beneath, B |
15= 541/2 |
|
198 |
323-6 |
M 14 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, B gi |
16= 542/3 |
|
199 |
318- |
M 1.45 |
[de Salis gift] |
On r., X ; beneath, A g II (above, -p) |
17= 543/4 |
|
2O0 |
275-3 |
M 1-35 |
On r., X ; beneath, A g II (above, +) |
17= 543/4 |
^ With B beneath, in collection of Mr. H. P. Hall of Oldham (1904).
46
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse |
Bevene |
Date |
|
201 |
296.6 |
M 1.45 |
On r., X ; beneath, B U II (above, t) |
17= 543/4 |
|
|
202 |
298.2 |
M 1.35 |
[Parchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, A M II 1 (abore, t) |
18= 544/5 |
|
203 |
268. |
M 1.4 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, A M II 1 [above, t] |
18= 544/5 |
|
204 |
279.3 |
M 145 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X : beneath, B M II 1 [above, T] |
18= 544/5 |
|
205 |
291.3 |
M 1.5 |
[de SaUs gift] |
On r., X ; beneath, A M II II (above, t) |
19= 545/6 |
|
206 |
281.4 |
M 14 |
On r., X ; beneath, B q II II (above, +) |
19= 545/6 |
|
|
207 |
310.8 |
M 1.4 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, A |
20= 546/7 |
|
208 |
301.7 |
M 1.45 |
On r., X ; beneath, B 1 |
21= 547/8 |
|
|
209 |
283. |
M 1.4 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, A II |
22= 548/9 |
|
210 |
3ia |
M 1.4 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, B II |
22= 548/9 |
JUSTINIAN I— NICOMEDIA— M, FULL-FACE 47
|
So. |
Weight |
Metal and Sice |
Obvene |
Revetw |
Date |
|
211 |
259^ |
M 13 |
On r., X ; beneath, A II II (double-struck) |
24= 550/1 |
|
|
212 |
263. |
M 1-3 |
On r., X ; beneath, A |
25= 551/2 |
|
|
213 |
263. |
M 14 |
[Parchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, A 1 II (or II P) |
28?= 554/5 |
|
214 |
276.5 |
M 1-25 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, B 1 1 1 |
28= 554/5 |
|
215 |
255.2 |
M 13 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, A |
29= 555/6 |
|
M II II |
|||||
|
216 |
247. |
JE 1-25 |
On r., X ; beneath, B /v M II II |
29= 555/6 |
|
|
217 |
259- |
M 1-3 |
On r., X ; beneath, B X |
30= 556/7 |
|
|
218 |
267-6 |
M 1-3 |
[de Sails gift] tw. vn. 8.] |
On r., X ; beneath, A X 1 |
31= 557/8 |
|
219 |
259. |
M 1-2 |
1 On r., X ; beneath, B /v X II |
32= 558/9 |
|
|
220 |
262-3 |
M 1-3 |
(A/C) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, B X II II |
34= 560/1 |
48
MPERIAL BYZAOTTNE COINS
No.
221
222
223
224
225 226
Weight
227
174.2 166-7
Metal and Sise
84.5
1195 125.2
616
JS 1-35 M 1-05
M h
M 1.
M 1- JE 1.05
M
Obvene
Revene
K
FuU-fece type St nick April a. d. 538 and later
K on L, A N
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAVC Bast of Jus- tinian beardless, facing; wears hel- met with plume and armour; r. hand holds globus or. ; in 1. , shield with horse- man device ; in field r., cross.
[de Salis gift]
(PPI for PPAVC)
[Townley Coll.]
(Legend obscure; as No. 223 ?)
[de Salis gift] [Purchased, 1904]
N O
above, cross ; beneath, Nl
On r., XII
Onr.,Xm ; (above, t) II
On r., XX VI
[n. vn. 4,]
On r., XX VI
[Purchased, 1904]
On r., XX Mil
On r., XX
Vim
I
Undated
DNIVSTI NIANrVS PPAVC?] Bust of Jostinian r. beard- less, wearing dia- dem, cuirass and paludamentum.
+I+; beneath, NIK'
[PI. vn. 6.]
Date
12= 538/9
18= 544/5
26= 552/3
26= 552/3
27= 553/4
29= 555/6
' There is another m. type, probably earlier, consigting of I bettreen inder and FriedL, p. 45 ; PI. V. 1).
N and I
(Knd
JUSTINIAN I-NICOMEDIA— I, DATBD
49
Wei^
Metal and Sim
Obvene
Reretw
Dat«
231
232
624
6&6
67.3
44.5
49-5
JR .6
M -6
-ffi .7
.£ -D
JB -65
283
3374
-« 175
DNIVSTINI ANVSP
PAVC Bast of Jns-
tinian r. , as No. 227. '
Dated
I above, croes ; on L, A; in ex., NIK N N O
|
[Parchased, 1904] |
Onr.,X X |
|
X |
|
|
(Inscr. obscure) [de Salis gift] |
Onr.,X X X II |
|
[de Salis gift] |
On r., X V |
|
X II |
|
|
[de Salis gift] |
On r., X V |
|
X |
|
|
[de SaUs gift] |
On r., X XX SI [PI. vn. e.] |
rv. CYzicus M
FuU-face type Struck April a. d. 538 and later
M above, cross; on L, A ; in ex-, KYZ
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAVC Bust of Jus- tinian beardless, f&cing; wears hel- met with plume andarmour; r. holds globus cr. ; L hand supports shield with horseman device ; in field r., cross.
[Purchased, 1904]
N N O
On r., Xl I ; beneath, A
30= 556/7
558/9
32::=
558/9
32= 558/9
37= 563/4
12= 538/9
The bust of these dated coins is of rude work.
|
50 |
IMPERIAL BYZAHTINE COINS |
||||
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Sise |
Obvene |
Reverse |
Date |
|
234 |
351.8 |
JE 1-6 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., XII; beneath, B (double-struck) |
12= 538/9 |
|
235 |
344.3 |
JE 1-7 |
On r,, X ; beneath, B* 1 |
13= 539/40 |
|
|
236 |
3226 |
^ 1-6 |
[de Salis gift] |
On r., X ; beneath, A II II |
14= 540/1 |
|
237 |
361.1 |
JE 1-55 |
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. VII. 7, r^r. J |
On r., X ; beneath, D II II |
14= 540/1 |
|
238 |
341.3 |
JE 1-55 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, A |
15= 541/2 |
|
239 |
3591 |
^ 1-65 |
^ |
On r., X ; beneath,'B* |
15= 541/2 |
|
240 |
303. |
M 1-55 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, A |
16= 542/3 |
|
241 |
282.6 (pierced) |
M 1-4 |
[Blacas, 1867] |
On r., X ; beneath, A (form of S different flrom No. 240) |
16= 542/3 |
|
242 |
296.6 |
JE 1-55 |
[G. Hanulton-Smith, 1893] |
On r., X ; beneath, A |
16=: 542/3 |
|
243 |
300-6 (pierced) |
M 1-5 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, B |
16= 542/3 |
|
244 |
305-8 |
JE 1-5 |
[de SaUs gift] |
On r., X ; beneath, B mi |
17= 543/4 |
|
245 |
309- |
^ 1-4 |
[de Salis gift] |
On r., X : beneath, B HI II |
18= 544/5 |
|
246 |
2935 |
JE 1-45 |
On r., X ; beneath, A HI II 1 |
19= 545/6 |
JUSTINIAN I— CYZICUS—M, FULL-FACE 51
|
1 Ho. 1 Weight |
Metal and Sise |
Obvene |
Bevene |
Date |
|
|
247 |
308. |
M 1.35 |
On r., X ; beneath, A |
20= 546/7 |
|
|
m |
323.7 |
JB 1-4 |
[de Sails gift] |
On r., X ; beneath, A 1 |
21= 547/8 |
|
m |
272. |
JE 1-45 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, B 1 |
21= 547/8 |
|
250 |
294.5 |
^ 1.35 |
[de Sails gift] |
On r., X ; beneath, A II |
22= 548/9 |
|
251 |
278.4 |
^ 145 |
[de Sails gift] |
On r., X ; beneath, B II |
22= 548/9 |
|
m |
253.6 |
M 1.3 |
(AV for AVC) |
On r., X ; beneath, A |
24= |
|
[Purchased, 1904] |
X II II |
550/1 |
|||
|
253 |
255.3 |
JE 1.35 |
On r., X ; beneath, B |
25= 551/2 |
|
|
1 1 |
u |
||||
|
254 |
257.4 1 |
JE 1.25 |
On r., X ; beneath, A <;ii |
29= 555/6 |
|
|
255 |
1 246.2 |
M 1-4 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
1 On r., X ; beneath, A |
30= |
|
(pUned) |
X X |
556/7 |
|||
|
256 |
274-5 |
JE 14 |
(EndsANV SPPAV) |
On r., X ; beneath, B X X [de Sails gift] |
30= 556/7 |
|
257 |
•265.4 |
M 1.35 |
(P PforPP) |
On r., X ; beneath, A X 1 [de Sails gift] |
31= 557/8 |
52
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
258 259
Weight
260 261 262
263
264
176.2 154.5
Metal and Size
144.7 150-7 135.4
127.4
41.6
Obverse
M 1.25 M 1-2
M M
M 1-1
M 1.05
M 1.
M .75
Reverse
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAVC Bust of Jus- tinian beardless, facing (as on No. 233); in field r., cross.
K
Full-face type
K on 1., A N N O
above, cross ;
beneath, Y *
[PI. VIL 8.]
[Purchased, 1904]
(AV for AVC)
[de Sails gift]
[Purchased, 1904]
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAVC Bust of Jus- tinian r. beardless, wearing diadem, cuirass and paluda- mentum.
(Inscr. partly obscure) [PI. VII, 9.]
Onr., X]]
(The K reversed; on r., A
N
N
O onl.,HXO
On r., X[j Ml
On r., x7, On r., xii
Onr.,j^4f,(ZforY)«
Z on r., K Y border of dots.*
[Presented by the Hon. J. L. Warren,
1860]
Date
14= 540/4
15= 541/2
17= 543/4
18= 544/5
24= 550/1
29= 555/6
' K serves both as the mark of value and as the initial letter of the town-name. ' The engraver, probably using an actual coin as his model, has failed to reverse the details on the die, so that K appears aa )l, &&
' For coins of the denomination 1, see Finder and Friedl., p. 45. * Instead of the usual reel border.
JUSTINIAN I— ANTIOCH— M, PROFILE
53
No.! Weight
265
Metal and Size
215-2
^ 125
266
267
217-8 1 M 1-2
212-
M 1-2
Obvene
Reverse
Date
V. ANTIOCH (THEOUPOLIS)'
M
Profile type ' Antioch ^ Aug. a. d. 527-Nov. 528
DNIVSTINI ANVSP M above, cross; in PAVC Bust of Jus- ex., ANTIX
tinian r. beardless,
wearing diadem,
cuirass and paluda-
mentum.
[PL Vin, 1, rev.'\
(Cross obscure), on L, star ; on r., star ; beneath, f
Profile type 'Theoupolis*, circ. a.d. 529-539 =
DNIVSTINI ANVSP M above, cross; on L, PAVC Bust of Jus- star; on r., star.
tinian r. beardless,
wearing diadem,
cuirass and paluda-
mentum.
[de Salis gift]
NVS
([DNIVSTIINIA PPAVSC]
[Purchased, 1904]
Beneath, A?; in ex.,
evnoAS
Beneath, A ; in ex., eYnOA[S]
^ The coins of this mint which bear the name *Antioch' must be earlier than Nov. 29, 5%, when tiie city, having suffered severely from an earthquake, assumed the name of B^ovnoKny which is henceforth alwavs found on the coins (H. Leclercq in Cabrol's Diet. , < An tioche ' , p. 2390) . (The title of the Patriarch was 6 irarpuipxnt rris t^tyakrfs Btov^v6k€»9 'AiTto;^ciW, Pinder and Friedl., p. 82 n. ; Schlumber^er, SigiL, p. 814, &c.
The coins with the name 'Theoupolis* (written sometimes in Latin) probably extend ^m circ. a.d. 529 onwards. There are three obv. types: (i) profile, (ii) seated figure, (iii) fnll-fitce. The full-face type, introduced at most mints in year 12, i.e. A.D. 588/9, here first appears in year 13=A. d. 539/40. There are no coins of year 14 = April, 540-March, 541, a circumstance accounted for by the destruction of Antioch by Chosroes in June, 540. Subeequently the city was again rebuilt and beautified by Justinian, and there are coins of many of the later years of his reign.
The name of Theoupolis is still found on a seal of a Byzantine Duke of Antioch of the eleventh century—AOYE THC MEfAAHC e€OYnOA€a)(r) ANTIOX(«ar), Schlum- beiger, Siffil., p. 810, No. 4.
' There are two principal varieties: (i) with the mint-name written in Greek, (ii) with the mint-name in Latin. S at end of the Greek name is an abbi-eviation mark.
54
IMPERIAL BYZAOTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverae |
RoTene |
Date |
|
268 |
233.8 |
M 1.35 |
Beneath, f; in ex., evnoAS |
||
|
269 |
171. |
M 1-25 |
Beneath, A ; in ex.. |
||
|
247. |
M 1.35 |
evnoAS |
|||
|
270 |
[PI, VIII. 2.] |
Beneath, A ; in ex., +TH€q?+ |
|||
|
271 |
238.4 |
M 1.25 |
[de Sails gift] |
Beneath, D; in ex., +TH€g[P+] |
|
|
272 |
184. |
M 1.2 |
Beneath, 5; in ex., +TH€yp+ |
||
|
273 |
221.2 |
M 1.3 |
[de Sails gift] |
Beneath, T; ex. as No. 272. |
|
|
274 |
2249 |
M 1.3 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
Beneath, T; ex. as No. 272. |
|
|
275 |
210. |
M 1-25 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
Beneath, A; ex. as No. 272. |
|
|
276 |
209.2 |
M 1.25 |
[de SaUs gift] Seated Struck ? A. N DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAVa Justinian beardless, seated facing on throne ; he holds in L globus on long sceptre ; wears long garment of state and a head- dress of plumes; feet on footstool. |
Beneath, A; ex. as No. 272. figure D. 529-539 1 M above, cross ; on L, star : on r. , crescent ; in ex., -|.TH€U,P |
|
|
277 |
268.6 |
M 1.35 |
[de SaUs gift] |
Beneath, A |
|
|
278 |
260.4 |
M 1.25 |
Beneath, B |
||
|
279 |
241.6 |
M 1.35 |
(u forn) [Purchased, 1904] |
Beneath, 5 |
JUSTINIAN I— ANTIOCH— M, FULD-FACE
55
Waght
»0,246.
m
25&3
260-
241.
Metal and
^ 1-25
M 1-3
JE 1-25
^ 1-35
|
2M |
338-' |
|
285 |
338-2 |
|
286 |
339- |
|
287 |
367-3 |
|
288 |
364. |
|
289 |
311. |
M 1.7 M 1.6 J& 1.5
M 1.55 ^ 1.6
M 1.45
Obverse
(w for n)
(S in inscr. ; u for n) [Purchased, 1904]
(8 in inscr.) [Purchased, 1849]
[de Salis gift]
Reverse
Beneath, T Beneath, f
Beneath, A
[PL vm, 8.]
Beneath, A (-l-THeyp-l-)
Fu11-£eu^ type Struck A. D. 539/40 and later
M above, cross ; on L, A N N
O _
in ex., eVTTO
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAVC Bust of Jus- tinian beardless, fstcing; wears hel- met with plume and armour; r. holds globus cr. ; 1. hand supportsshieldwith horseman device ; in field r., cross.
[Presented by Col. W. J. Massy, 1904]
[Purchased, 1856]
[Purchased, 1904]
[Gampana sale, 1846, lot 1044]
[Purchased, 1904] [Purchased, 1904]
Onr., XI 1 1 ; beneath, A On r.,XIII; beneath, r
Onr., XIII ; beneath, r (exergual letters larger than on No. 285).
Onr.,XIII ; beneath, A [PI. vin. 4,]
On r., X^ ; beneath, T
rcReypo: the €
aouble-struck). On r., X^ ; beneath, f
(CHeypo)
Date
13= 539/40
13= 539/40
13= 539/40
13= 539/40
16= 542/3
16= 542/3
' Including weight of a bronze loop evidently attached to the coin in antiquity so tbkt it might be worn as an amulet or ornament. Col. Massy supplies the information that this specimen was found in a tomb on the site of Sycaminum m Pkdestine.
56
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obvene |
Bevette |
Dste |
|
290 |
362.5 |
M 1.6 |
On r. , X^ ; beneath, A (CH€UPo) |
16= 542/3 |
|
|
291 |
290.2 |
M 1.45 |
[de Sails gift] |
On r., X and crescent ; beneath, A (yHyw) |
20= 546/7 |
|
292 |
284.6 |
M 1.4 |
[Parchaaed, 1904] |
On r. , X and crescent ; beneath, T (ex. as No. 291) |
20= 546/7 |
|
293 |
285.3 |
^ 1.4 |
[PuTcha^d, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, T 1 (ex. as No. 291) |
21 = 547/8 |
|
294 |
284.7 |
JE 135 |
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. VIU. 6.] |
On r., X ; beneath, € 1 (ex. as No. 291) |
21= 547/8 |
|
295 |
288-2 |
^ 135 |
[Purchased, 1856] |
On r., X ; beneath, D II (ex. as on No. 291) |
22= 548/9 |
|
296 |
288.6 |
M 1-35 |
(VAC for AVC) [de Sails gift] |
On r., X ; beneath, T III (ex. as No. 291) |
23= 549/50 |
|
297 |
281.7 |
JE 14 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, A M (ex. rHunr) |
25= 551/2 |
|
298 |
286.6 |
^ 1.3 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, T H (ex. as No. 297) |
25= 551/2 |
|
299 |
259.5 |
JE 1.4 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, A (ex. as No, 297) |
26= 552/3 |
|
300 |
261.8 |
JE 14 |
[de Salis gift] |
On r., X ; beneath, Z (ex. as No. 297) |
26= 552/3 |
JUSTINIAN I-ANnOCH— M, FULL-FACE
57
|
Mo. |
Wei^t |
Metal and Sise |
Obverse |
ReverBe |
Date |
|
301 |
309^ |
M 1-5 |
[de Salis gift] |
On r., X ; beneath, A (ex. as No. 297) |
27= 553/4 |
|
302 |
293^ |
M 1-3 |
[Purchased, 1855] |
On r., X ; beneath, A X (ex. as No. 297) |
27= 553/4 |
|
303 |
276. |
M 1-45 |
[deSaU gift] |
On r., X ; beneath, D X (ex. as No. 297) |
28= 554/5 |
|
301 |
266- |
M 1-4 |
[de Salis gift] |
On r., X ; beneath, T X (ex. as No. 297) |
29= 555/6 |
|
305 |
27a9 |
M 1-4 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
[X] Onr., X ; beneath, r (in ex., THME) |
30= 556/7 |
|
306 |
•2924 |
M 1-35 |
(AV for AVC) [Purchased, 1904] |
X On r., X ; beneath, f XI (ex. as No. 305) X |
31= 557/8 |
|
307 |
2653 |
M 1-3 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r.,X; beneath, r(?) II (ex. as No. 305) X |
32= 558/9 |
|
306 |
285-5 |
M 1-25 |
(AV) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, T III (ex. as No. 305) X |
33= 559/60 |
|
309 |
287. |
M 1-4 |
(DNIVTINI [A]NVS [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, T nil (ex. as No. 305) X |
34= 560/1 |
|
310 |
286-5 |
M 1-3 |
(AV) [Purchased, 1904] [PI. VIII. 6.] |
On r., X ; beneath, f (in ex., rH€HP) I |
35= 561/2 |
58
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No. I Weight
311
312
313
314
315
269-3
289-6
280-2
131-
138-5
Metal and Sise
JE 1-4
M 135
JE 1-3
^ 1-
M 1-15
Obvene
(Inscr. meaningJ VNDSLLf ADSNLP VI) [Purchased, 1856]
(Inscr. meanmgless, VNSPULAD.§.NV
El)
[Purchased, 1904]
(Inscr. meaningless, [. .PCAIC?] ALN PAON [de Salis gift]
Revene
On r., X ; beneath, T (ex. as No. 310)
On r., X ; beneath, T
HII (ex. as No. 310)
On r., X ; beneath, T
[Mil?]
(ex. as No. 310)
K
Profile type 'Theoupolis^ circ. a. d. 529-539
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAVC Bust of Jus- tinian r. beardless, wearing diadem, cuirass and paluda- mentum.
[PI, VIII. 7.]
K on L, T H
€ H o P
and long cross. ^
On r., r
Seated figure Stj^ck A. D. 529-539 ?
bNIVSTINI ANVSP PAVu Justinian beardless, seated facing on throne; he holds in 1., globus cr. ; r. hand rests on long sceptre ; wears long garment of state and a head- dress of plumes ; feet on footstool.
[PI. vm. 8.]
K on 1., T H € H
O P
and long cross.
On r., r
Date
35= 661/2
37= 563/4
37.?> 563/4
^ Another variety of the profile type, probably earlier than this, has the inscr. eVTTOAS (see Finder and Fnedl., p. 35, PL IV. 5); cp. the inscr. on the M profile type of Antioch, supra.
JUSTINIAN I— ANTIOCH— K, FULL-FACE
316
317
Weight
MeUaand Sise
169.2
147.2
M 1*3
M 11
|
318 |
123-7 |
|
319 |
114.7 |
|
320 |
1412 |
|
321 |
138.7 |
|
322 |
109.4 |
|
323 |
160- |
1.05
M 1.15
M 105
JS 1.05
M 1.
M 1.05
Obyene
Bevene
Fall-face type Struck A. D. 539/40 and later
K above, cross ; on 1., A
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAVC Bust of Jus- tinian beardless, fEtcing; wears hel- met with plume and armour ; r. holds globus cr. ; L hand supportsshield with horseman device ; in field r., cross.
[PI, vni, 9.]
(AV for AVC)
[Purchased, 1904]
[Townley Coll.]
(AV for AVC)
[de Salis gift]
(Inscr. obscure) [Townley Coll.]
[Purchased, 1904]
[de SaLis gift] [PI, IX. 8.]
[Purchased, 1904]
N N O
On r., XIII beneath, 6?
On r., XX ; o beneath, u ' [PI. IX. 1, rev.]
Onr., XXIIII; o beneath, 17
Onr., XXIIII; o beneath, m^ [PI, IX. 2,]
On r., XXM ; o beneath, ut
Onr., XXM; o beneath, fjt
On r., XX VI
beneath, P (A for A)
On r., XXXI ;
beneath, C
Date
13rr
539/40
20=
546/7
24= 550/1
24= 550/1
25= 551/2
25= 551/2
26= 552/3
31=
557/8
^ Noe. 817-23 may be attributed to Antioch on account of r>, P, and C, which
o "•
seem to indicate abbreviations of the legends THHCI', THHC, and THCHP found on the M coins of Antioch. In point of style also these pieces agree hirlj well with the M pieces. The obv. of No. 319 is remarkably like in style to the obv, of an I coin baainng the name of Antioch, No. 827 infra.
The coins with q had already been attributed to Antioch by Sabatier (No. 79), as
well as another variety with CH (No. 78).
60
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
Weight
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
68.2
69-2
74.
51.5
83.3
85.5
59.7
Metal and Size
^ -9
M .9
JE -85
M -95
^ .9
M -9
M .75
Obyerse
Reverae
I
Profile type See Pinder and Fiiedlaender, p. 33.
Seated figure Struck A. D. 529-539 ?
DNIVSTINI ANVSP
PAVI Justinian
seated facing on
throne (as on No.
315).
[de SaUs gift]
1 surmounted by cross ; on L, cross ; on r., cross. Inscr. CON CORDI; in ex., TH6HP
B before CON [n. IX. 4,]
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAV Bust of Jus- tinian facing (as on No. 316); in field r., cross.
Full-face type
1 surmounted by
cross; on 1., A
N
N
O
[de Salis gift]
[Purchased, 1904]
(A for AV)
[PI. IX. 6.]
[Purchased, 1904]
[de Salis gift]
On r., J
in ex., Hmrr
X
On r., X II ex. as No. 325.
X
On r., X
nil
ex. as No. 325.
X
On r., X M inex., [r?]HHn'
X
On r., X
<i
in ex., ZWn
X
On r., X (ill
ex. as No. 329
JUSTINIAN I— ANnOCH— I, FULI,-FACE
61
|
So. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obvene |
Revetse |
Date |
|
331 |
65- |
^ -95 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
X On r., X <tll ex. as No. 329 |
28= 554/5 |
|
332 |
83-7 |
^ -8 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
X On r., X <)lll ex. as No. 329 |
29— 555/6 |
|
333 |
55-5 |
^ .95 |
X On r., X X [III?] in ex., rHM[e ?] |
33= 559/60 |
|
|
334 |
49-4 |
M .8 |
(Inscr. meaningless, VANIOA NAPA NM)' [de Salis gift] |
X On r., X X M in ex., rH€MP |
35= 561/2 |
|
335 |
50-6 |
M -7 |
(Inscr. meaningless) [de Salis gift] |
X On r., X X ex. as No. 334 |
36= 562/3 |
|
3:36 |
46.8 |
^ .75 |
(Inscr. obscure, appa- rently meaningless) [Purchased, 1904] |
X On r., X X Ml ex. as No. 334 |
36= 562/3 |
|
337 |
58.5 |
M .8 |
(A for AV) [Purchased, 1904] |
X On r., X X Ml ex. as No. 334 |
36= 562/3 |
|
338 |
555 |
M -8 |
(Inscr. meaningless, VINOA.NSANC) |
X On r., X X MM ex. as No. 334 [PI. IX. 6.] |
37= 563/4 |
' Cp. the blundered obv, lesrendB on some of the later M coins of Antioch, supra^ Nob. 311-313.
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
340 841
Weight
2233
182-8 (ttom) 213-7
342 343
74- 84-3
Metal and Sue
JE 1-15 M 1-1
JE 1-2
M -7 ^ -75
Obverse
Bevene
VL ALEXANDRIA
Af (33) Sti-uck A. D. 538/9 or later
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAVC Bust of Jus- tinian beardless, facing; wears hel- met with plume and armour ; r. hand holds globus cr. ; L hand supports shield with horse- man device ; in field r., cross.
[de Salis gift]
(DNIVSTI [NIIAN VSPP
AA€i
[PI. IX. 7.]
[Purchased, 1904]
I B (12)
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAVC Bust of Jus- tinian r. beardless, wearing diadem, cuirass and paluda- mentum.
[Purchased, 1904]
AA€i
[PL IX. 8.]
Date
^ On the analogy of other coins Af must be the mark of value 33 (nammia) though it does not fit in ivith the other denominations of Alexandria, ivhich are 12, 6, and 8 nammia. Gp. Pinder and Friedl., p. 30; Num. Chron., TYi^ fAl4. On the excep- tional denominations of Alexandria, see Mommsen, Monn, fvm., iii, p. 167, and Babelon, TraiU, i, p. 617.
' These appear to be the earliest coins issued at Alexandria during the ' Byzantine * period. The Alexandrian coins marked IB, assigned by Sabatier (PI. Al. 15) and other writers to Justin I, may, it seems to me, be much more conveniently assigned to Justin II (see PL XIII. 1), (i) because the increase in the number of the mints of the Empire appears to begin with Justinian, (ii) because these pieces are ruder in style than the corresponding coins sbruck by Justinian, but (iii) chiefly because IB coins of Alexandria are needed for the reisn of Justin II, otherwise there would be an inexplicable g[ap between Justinian I and Tiberius II Constantine, both of whom issued Alexandrian coini of the same type and fabric.
JUSTINIAN I-CAETHAGE-SILVER
63
|
Ho. |
Weight |
Metal and SiM |
1 Obrene Bevetae |
Date |
||
|
344 |
81-7 |
JE |
.65 |
(Ends AV) |
||
|
345 |
71- |
JE |
7 |
(Ends AV) [de Sails gift] |
||
|
346 |
54.7 {umm) |
JS |
65 |
(Inscr. Incomplete) | S (6)» |
||
|
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAV Bust of Jus- tinian r. beardless, wearing diadem, cuirass and paludar mentum. |
S |
|||||
|
347 |
52. |
JE |
.6 |
[PI. IX. 9.] |
||
|
348 |
44-6 |
M |
•6 |
(DNIVST INIAN VSR) |
||
|
r(3) |
||||||
|
349 |
32. |
M |
55 |
(Inscr. ?) Bust r. |
r [PI. IX. 10, rev.] |
|
|
Vn. CARTHAGE |
||||||
|
Silver |
||||||
|
First struck circ. a. d. 534* |
||||||
|
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAC Bust of Jus- tinian r. beardless, wearing diadem, cuirass and paluda- mentuTT) ; border of dots. |
VOT MVUT within wreath; HTI beneath, CONOS^ |
|||||
|
350 |
18.4 |
M |
•55 |
(A for A) [Purchased, 1904] |
[PI. IX. U.] |
^ See Finder and FriedL, p. 31. For coins with palm-tree, rev, S (ibid., p. 82), see mfra under HeracUns, Alexandrian mint.
* Though the bust is worn and the inscription ille^ble, the coin may with proba- bQitj be attributed to Justinian. It has the thick fabnc and the broad border (on the ret.) of the Alexandrian mint, and differs in fabric from the f coins of ThesoEdonica described supra. Gp. the M in Finder and FriedL, p. 32 ; obp. I+, rev. pabn-tree.
' Possiblj at the end of ▲.D. 583; see Introd., supm, § 2, Justinian I (Carthage).
* These coins tho^h inscribed CONOS («CONOB) were undoubtedlj struck in Africa (at Carthage). Ae mde style of the obv, and the wreath of the rev, are evidently soggested by the silver coins of Gelimir, the last king of the Vandals. The rev, type and thelegend CONOf^ ?] (but MTl for HTt) had already occurred on the JR of Anastasias I stmck at Constantinople ; see Anastasius I, No. 16, suproy and note.
64
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obvene |
Reverse |
|
|
851 |
15-8 |
JR |
.6 |
[Presented by Capt. A. Gordon, R. E., 1846] |
[PI. IX. 12,] |
|
352 |
18. |
JR |
.65 |
[Purchased, 1847] |
|
|
353 |
19.3 |
JR |
.55 |
||
|
854 |
17.3 |
M |
.55 |
[Purchased, 1849] DNIVSTINI ANVSP PC Bust of Jus- tinian r., as on No. 350 ; border. |
Cross patt^e sur- mounted by P ; on 1., A; on r. UJ; whole in wreath.* |
|
355 |
15.3 |
M |
5. |
(C for AC) [PI. IX. 13.] |
[BankofEnglandgift, 1877] |
|
356 |
139 |
M |
55 |
(EndsPPA?) DNIVSTINIANVSP PAC Bust of Jus- tinian r., as on No. 350; border of dots. |
[de SaUs gift] V O m^ J (i.e. vot%8 mul" Ha) ; each letter in an angle of a cross ; whole in wreath; beneath wreath, CONOS; border of dots.* |
|
357 |
10.1 |
JR |
■45 |
[Purchased, 1849] |
[PI. IX. 14.] |
|
358 |
9.2 |
JR |
•45 |
(Inscr. incomplete) |
[Purchased, 1853] |
|
359 |
94 |
JR |
.45 |
(Inscr. incomplete) |
[Purchased, 1853] |
|
M |
|||||
|
Profile type |
|||||
|
A. D. 534-539 |
|||||
|
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAC Bust of Jus- tinian r. beardless, wearing diadem, cuirass and palu- damentum with brooch ; on breast, |
M above, cross ; on 1., star; on r., cross; in ex., KAR.T |
||||
|
cross. |
|||||
|
360 |
198.8 |
M 1.05 |
[Blacas, 1867] |
Beneath, i |
Date
' The combination of the A (x) (<y« ^i 5X^a km to S>) with the Chriatian monogram (the whole sometimes within a wreath) is yery common, especially on the epigraphic monuments. A good instance of the combination occurs on the Ravenna sarcophagus figured in DiehPs Justinicn, p. 201 ; on the whole subject see the article A H by Gabrol in his Diet, d'arch. chrit. •
* These coins are of the same style as No. 350, and Nos. 358 and 359 are known to come from Tunis.
JUSTINIAN I— CARTHAGE— M, PROFILE
65
|
1 Ho. Weight |
Metal and Size |
|
|
361 1 181-3 |
M 1-15 |
|
|
362 |
162- |
JE 11 |
|
363 169-2 |
^ 1.05 |
|
|
364 184-3 |
M 115 |
|
|
365 |
241-3 |
M 1.15 |
|
366 |
214. |
JE 1.05 |
|
367 |
169.7 |
M 1-1 |
|
368 |
159.6 |
M 115 |
|
369 |
231- |
JE 12 |
|
370 |
213. |
^ 125 |
|
371 |
217. |
JE 1.25 |
|
372 |
261.2 |
JE 1.1 |
|
373 |
192.9 |
M 1.05 |
|
374 |
160-7 |
M 1.05 |
|
375 |
32*4 |
M 1-15 |
Obvene
[Purchased, 1847]
[Purchased, 1904] (On breast, cross ?)
(ANIforANVS)
(/TV on breast)
(ANIforANVS)
(/K on breast)
(DNIVSTIN lANIP
PAC)
(MonogramPonbreast)
[Blacas, 1867] [Purchased, 1904] [Purchased, 1904] (A for A in inscr.)
[Blacas, 1867]
r A for A)
(No break in inscr.) (no cross)
(A for A)
(No ' '
(No break in inscr.) (no cross)
(A for A)
(No cross)
(No break in inscr.)
(no cross) (A for A.?)
Reverne
Date
Beneath, B
[PI. IX. 16.]
Beneath, 5
Beneath, f
[Townley CoH]
Beneath, f
[Blacas, 1867] [PI. IX. 16.]
Beneath, f
[Townley Ck)lL]
Beneath, T
Beneath, C Beneath, <J * Beneath, • • • [Bla<»s, 1867]
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. IX. 17.]
[Purchased, 1849]
[Purchased, 1849]
(On 1., short cross;
on r., star) ; thick
fabric. (A for A)
[Bkcas, 1867]
^ Apparently =^ (6), not €, the • in the centre being a private mint-sign, which on No. 367 IS placed above the C
66
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No
Weight
376
377
378
264.8
301.7 331.7
379
380
151.2
248.6
Metal and Size
M 15
M 1.55
M 1.6
M M5
JE 1-25
Obverse
Reverse
Date
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAVC Bust of Jus- tinian beardless, facing; wears hel- met with plume and armour ; r. holds globus cr. ; 1. hand supportsshieldwith ' horseman device; in i field r., cross. i
(A for A)
[de Salis gift] [PI. X. 1, rev,]
[Purchased, 1904]
[PI. X. 2.]
M
Full-fiace type Struck A. D. 539-541
M above, cross ;
onl., A
N
N
O
in ex., CAR.
On r., XIII;
beneath, SO ■ (KM. for CAR)
On r., X ; beneath, S III
On r., X ; beneath, S III!
13= 539/40
13=
539/40
14= 540/1
Full-face tyjw First struck a. d. 539/40
IN above, cross ;
on 1., A
N
N
O
in ex., CAR.
DNIVSTINI ANVSP
PAVC Bust of Ju.s-
tinian facing (as on
No. 376); in field r.,
cross.
(A for A) [Purchased, 1904] [PI. X. 8, rev.]
[de Salis gift] [PL X. 4.]
On r., XIII ;
beneath, SO ' (KAR. for CAR)
On r., X ; beneath, S III
13= 539/40
13= 539/40
O possibly for offichta. S—aeeunda, or ? =?• (sixth officina).
JUSTINL\N I— CARTHAGE— X
67
No. Weight
206-3
i
382 91.
383 384
385
71-6
7ai
49-3
386 i 88-5
387
1024
Metal and Size
^ 1-2
M .75
M .75
M .7
M 1
Obverse
(End of inscr. not visible) [de Salis gift]
Reverse
On r., X ; beneath, S III
Restruck on M coin (Carthage mint ?) of Justinian, like PL IX. 17 : on r^\, traces of drapery and inscr. SPPAC ; on o6»., remains
of M , and, on 1. of it, star.
A. D. 53it-539 or later
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAC Bust of Jus- tinian r. beardless, wearing diadem, cuirass and paluda- mentum.
[Purchased, 1849J
[Purchased, 1849]
(A for AC) [Louis Frazer, 1847]
(A for AC) [Louis Frazer, 1847]
(A for AC)
[Purchased, 1904]
(A for AC) [Purchased, 1904]
VICTORIAAC Vic- tory advancing to front; in r., wreath; in 1., globus cr. *;
in ex., X between two stars.
(A for AC)
[PI. X. 6.]
Li field r., M (ACC for AC) (ACC for AC)
(Inscr. incomplete)-
[PL X. e,]
Date
13= 539/40
^ Pinder and Friedl. {MUnzen Justin,, p. 37 f.) suffgest that the type (cp. \ TOR I A on the € coins described infra) refers to tne victory of Belisarius
the word VICTORIA on the € coins described infra) refers to the victory of Belisarius over the Vandals. The type is certainly appropriate, but it had long been familiar as the type of the trtmissis (legend, Victoria Augustorum). In any case the attribution to Oarthage on the groand ot provenance, &c., is well made out by them, loc. cit., p. 88.
'Of thick, rough fabric, curiously like the Alexandrian coins of the third century a. d.
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Sice |
Obverse |
Reverse |
Date |
|
I A. n. 539-541 |
|||||
|
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAVC Bust of Jus- tinian r. beardless, wearing diadem, cuirass and paluda- mentum. |
1 above, cross on 1., A N N O in ex., CAR. |
||||
|
388 |
85-8 |
M .8 |
[de Salis gift] |
On r., X III |
13 = 539/40 |
|
889 |
94. |
M .8 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X III |
13= 589/40 |
|
390 |
88-3 |
JE .8 |
(Second S blundered) |
(A for A) On r., X Mil [PI. X. 7.] |
14= 540/1 |
|
391 |
77. |
M .75 |
(ANIforANVS) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X nil |
14= 540/1 |
|
392 |
84.4 |
M .75 |
(AC for AVC) |
(A for A) On r., X nil |
14= 540/1 |
|
893 |
97. |
M .lb |
(A for AVC) |
On r., X nil |
14= 540/1 |
|
G |
|||||
|
Circ. A. D. 534 and later |
|||||
|
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PA Bust of Justinian r. (as on No. 388). |
VICTOR.IAAC G in ex., CAR. |
||||
|
394 |
45.2 |
M .6 |
[PI. X. 8.] |
||
|
395 |
382 |
M .65 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
JUSTINIAN I— SICILY
-X
No. Weight 396
397 398
48. 43.
23.2
(worn)
399
400
401
48-4
46.2
53.
Metal and Size
M' -6 M .55
M .6
jE -oo
M .55
Obverse
Reverse
[Purchased, 1904] (ACC for AC) (CAR) [de Salis gift] (ACC for AC) (CAR)
[Purchased, 1904] | (Mint, &c., off flan)
VIIL SICILY
X
A. D. 538 or latei*
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAVC Bust of Jus- tinian beardless, fetcing; wears hel- met with plume and armour; r. holds globus cr. ; traces of shield (in 1. hand) ; in field r., cross; border of dots.
\ on r. and 1. of which, star ; whole in wreath.^
[PI. X. 9.]
DNIVSTI I T star in each angle;
Bust facing, as No. ! whole in wreath. 399, but ruder style. I
[Purchased, 1864] [de Salis gift]
[PI. 3L 10.]
Date
^ 1 follow de Salis (who has not, however, recorded his reasons) in assigning this coin to Sicily. It has some of the neat characteristics of Italian coins (also note the wreath on the rev,), but cannot be proved to be Italian. Nor is it Carthaginian, for the Carthaginian coins of the ^\ denomination are of a different type and fabric.
The mint-place may have been Catina, the name of which is recorded on M of Maurice Tiberias and later coins. The full-face type of the ohv, almost certainly proves that the coin was not issued earlier than A. d. 588. It is thus a few years later than the conquest of Sicily by Belisarius (a. d. 535).
Nob, 400, 401 {rev. cross) aie of ruder work on the obv. than No. 899, but the thick fabric and the stars (on rev.) are in favour of the Sicilian attribution. They are evidently of the same denomination as No. 399, and the cross can be so turned that it presents nearly the appearance of X.
70
IMPERIAL BTZANTINE COINS
Ho.
402
403
404
Weight
113-3
(tem-n)
16&
63-6
Metal and Size
^ -95
M 1-4
JE .65
Obverse
Bevene
DL ROME'
XX
DNIVSTINIANVSPP AVC Bust of Jus- tinian beardless, facing; wears hel- met and armour ; r. holds globus cr. ; 1. hand supports shield; in field r., cross.
[de Salis gift]
XX
in centre, A N N O
beneath, XXVP
[PI. X. 11, rev.]
X. RAVENNA
M
DNIVSTINI ANVSP
PC (sic) Bust of Jus- tinian beardless, facing; wears hel- met with plume and cuirass (of check pattern); r. holds globus cr. ; 1. hand supports shield with horseman device ; in field r., cross.
[PI. X, 12.]
M
on L, A N N O above, cross ; beneath, RAVEN NA
X
On r., XX
nil
I
DNIVSTINI ANVSP PAVC Bust of Jus- tinian fjEicing, &8 on No. 403 (but cuirass of usual pattern); in field r., cross.
1 onL, A; onr., date; N N O whole in wreath.
On r., XX Villi
Date
26= 552/3
34= 560/1
29= 555/6
' On this mint see Introd., § 2, Justinian I, Italian mints ; also infra, on ' Coins with the name of Justinian not struck at Imperial mints'. The word ANNO and the date on this coin recall the money of Ravenna (cp. Pinder and Friedl., p. 47), bnt the attribution to Rome seems preferable (i) from the resemblance to the M of Rome struck by Justinian's successors, (ii) because Greek (not Latin) numerals (for the denomination) appear to be usual on the Ravenna coins of Justinian's reign.
' Cp. Pinder and Friedl., MUmen Justin., p. 57 (with year 81) ; cp. p. 48. Compare X of Justin II (PI. Xin. 13) with XX rom.
JUSTINIAN I— UNCERTAIN MINTS
71
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse |
Reverse |
Date |
|
|
405 |
64-4 |
M |
.7 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., XX Vim |
29= 555/6 |
|
406 |
37-8 |
M |
•6 |
(Inscr. blundered ; partly obscure) |
On r., XX Villi [Blacas, 1867] |
29= 555/6 |
|
407 |
32.6 |
M |
•7 |
(Inscr. partly obscure) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., XX XVI |
36= 562/3 |
|
408 |
52-7 |
M |
.65 |
(2for8;AVforAVC) [de Salis gift] |
On r., XX XVII [PL X. 18.] |
37= 563/4 |
|
409 |
627 |
M |
•65 |
(AV for AVC) |
On r., XX XV 11 |
37= 563/4 |
XI. UNCERTAIN MINTS Silver
Small silver pieces with dbv. helmeied head, rev. K (also rev. R, &c.)f are assigned by Sabatier (i, p. 180, Nos. 23, 24, PL XII. 9, 10) to the time of Justinian I 'on grounds of sijle *, but it can hardlj be said that their style is conspicuouslj like that of the coins of this emperor. Some pieces are of neater work than others, and some of the heads may be compared with the heads on the Invieta Bama series of M Ostrogothic coins (Sab., PL XIX. 25). A solitary specimen (pbv, bearded head, L, rev. K) occurred in the Ohatby (Alexandria) find (see infra) of * Byzantine * gold coins, which ranged in date fiom^ Constantius II to HeracUus, i. e. fourth cent. ▲. D. to circ ▲. D. 641. Their date is not easily determined, but they would seem to be not earlier than the fifth or later than the middle of the seventh century. I think also it may be a question whether these pieces are not teaaerae rather than coina
Sabatier interpreted K and R as 'Constantinople' and 'Rome*, but he did not know of a third variety with P on the rev., which can hardly be identified as the initial- letter of a city-name.
The British Museum possesses the following specimens (sizes 45 in. to ^G in.) : —
I. Obo. Helmeted female bust, r. ; border. Bev. K ; border. Cp. Sab., PL XII. 10.
M 22 grains. Bought of N. Dimitri (together with some Lycian and Phrygian coins) in 1862. 20 grs. Purchased, 1904. 15-7 grs. de Salis gift. 14-8 grs. Woodhouse gift, 1866. 12*8 grs. de Salis gift. (Cp. also Revue beige, 1905, p. 160, describing a M piece, weight 1*5 gramme=24 grains, obv. ' Buste barbu toum^ a gauche ' ; border of dots. Rev. K ; border of dots. From the Chatby find of 1903.)
II, Ohv. Similar to Class I. Rev. P; border.
Ai 15*1 grs. de Salis gift {obv. of pretty style). 11. grs. Purchased, 1860.
III. Obv. Similar to Class I. Rev. R ; border. Cp. Sab., PL XII. 9.
JR 15-2 grs. Bought of de Salis, 1867. 10-3 grs. „ „ „ „
10*3 grs. Bought in 1902 (perhaps procured in Constantinople).
72
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
Weight
Metal and Size
|
410 |
25.4 |
M |
.65 |
|
411 |
35. |
JE |
.7 |
|
412 |
24.8 |
M |
.65 |
|
413 |
26-6 |
JE |
.6 |
|
414 |
36. |
^ |
5 |
|
415 |
30-2 |
M |
.65 |
|
416 |
32.3 |
JE |
.75 |
|
417 |
28. |
JE |
.55 |
|
418 |
27. |
JE |
.55 |
|
419 |
25.5 |
^ |
65 |
|
420 |
237 |
JE |
.6 |
|
421 |
2a6 |
JE |
.7 |
Obverse
Reverse
Bronze
Blundered inscrip- tion. Bust of Jus- tinian r. beardless, wearing diadem, paludamentum and cuirass.
DNIVSTNI ANVSP PAC (Partly obscure)
(i.e. the denomi- nation C (5) and IOVCTINIANOV)»
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. X. 14.]
Date
|
VNIAW &c. |
|
|
VNOTSICVMSP..A (?) |
[Presented by Mr. Doubleday, 1850] |
|
VNO.u. &c. |
[Purchased, 1904] |
|
[de Salis gift] |
6 In front, A |
|
In front, A |
|
|
[de Salis gift] |
In front, A |
|
[de Salis gift] |
In front, B |
|
[Purchased, 1904] |
In front, B |
|
In front, f |
|
|
[de Salis gift] |
In front, T |
|
[de Salis gift] |
In front, A |
^ Gp. Pinder and Friedl., p. 55 f. ; Koehne, Mus. Kotschaubetf, i, p. 205. The obv, legend appears to be always blundered, and it is possible that these coins are not the product of any Imperial mint
* Sabatier's interpretation (i, p. 191, No. 125) as 0. lOVCTINIANOVC, or rather <t>. lOVCTINIANOV, seems almost certain, though the use of < for C or C is somewhat curious (Sabatier's PI. XVII. 5 is incorrectly drawn).
Most of Justinian's coins of the € denomination appear to have been struck at Constantinople (see note, supra^ p. 39) ; some others at GyzicvLB. The specimens here described (No. 414 ff.) have UAually jagged or irregular flans, like the smaller M of Thessalonica. They might, therefore, be attiibated to that mint, were it not that the denomination € (5) does not readily flnd a place in the system of division (16, 8, 4) that predominated at Thessalonica. Information as to the usual provenance of these coins 18 desirable. Some pieces are of thick fabric. (Koehne, Mu8. Kot,y i, p. 203, strives to read the insor. as the name of Gherson, and assigns the coins to that city.)
JUSTINIAN I— NON-LMPERIAL COINS
73
So. Weight
422 423 424 1 425 426 427 I
428
429
430
33.
26.2
48-7
41.4
297
38-4
26.6
20-8
20.9
Metal and ! Size
Obvene
JE .55
M 55
JE -65
M -6
M -55
^ .5
JE -6
M .5
M .55
[Purchased, 1904]
[de Salis gift]
[Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904]
[de SaUs gift]
[PresentedbytheRev. T.H. Hopkins, 1869]
[de Salis gift]
Kevene
U
[Gen. C. R. Fox, 1853]
In front, A In front, K In front, K In front, N In front, N In front, (N ?)
In front, T
[PI, X. 15.]
G
In front, T
[PI. X. 16.]
In front, T
no
For JE coins with rev. K and bearing mint-name, see ' Constantinople ' supra.
For M coins with i> and mint-mark H', P, and C, see ' Antioch ' supra.
Date
COINS WITH THE NAME OF JUSTINIAN I NOT STRUCK AT THE IMPERIAL MINTS.
Gold. — Visigothic. Chiefly tremisses of very barbarous work (j^ev. Victory in profile with wreath). Some solidi classed by de Salis as Hispano-Byzantine are rather rude on obv. (facing type) and read P.P.AV or PAVI sic.
Burgundian. Solidus. Obv. inscr. blundered ; rude bust with head in high relief. Rev. Victory in profile.
Ostrogothtc and Italian. Solidi. Three-quarter face type of bust on obv. Rev. Victory in profile holding broad cross, inscr. CO MOB. These are certainly not Imperial. Also obv. Full-face type. Rev. Victory facing^ liolding long cross. Some of these are obviously non-Imperial, with the face
74 IMPERIAL BYZANTENE COINS
very broad and large eyes, a caricature of the ordinary full-face type. On. the other hand some of the better-executed specimens of this full-face type may possibly be issues of the Imperial mint (Rome or Ravenna), hxxt. this is doubtful. On the whole, however, a comparison with the non- Imperial Italian coins (especially with the o6t>.) rather suggests that these pieces also are not Imperial but Ostrogothic. A solidus at Berlin (JZ. f. iVl, i, p. 303) and a neatly executed tremissis (Brit. Mus. ; cp. Binder and Friedl. , p. 23), each inscribed KOMOB, also have some claim to be regarded a« Imperial coins.
The Ostrogothic or Italian tremissis is easily recognized by the com- paratively high relief of types and lettering (cp. Knder and Friedl., p. 24, PL in. 5). The Victory on the rev. has a blurred and rough appearance. There are also some very flat thin specimens (Lombardic ?).
Indian Imitations. — A thin, bracteate-like gold piece with barbarous legend imitating 'the solidus (chv. full-face head of Justinian). This was acquired by the British Museum in 1886 from Lieut. -General G. G. Pearse, a well-known collector of Indian coins. There can be little doubt that it was made in antiquity in India, probably in Southern India, where imitations of ancient coins are generally found, according to the information given me by- Prof. Rapson.
Silver. — ^There are many small coins of various types which are of undoubted Italian work. Specimens in British Museum : rev. cross on globe ; star ; sacred monogram ; monograminatic cross and stars ; CN ; PK ; PK€, &c. All these have the rev. type enclosed in a wreath. Comparison (especially as regards the high relief of the dbv,) with the money of the Ostrogothic kings suggests that these pieces also are Ostrogothic and not coins of the Imperial mint. There are similar M with the head of Anastasius and the head of Justin I.
Bbonze. — Pieces of minute size with various rev. types, and obv.y usually of barbarous work, diademed head, accompanied by the more or less blundered name of I VST . ., IVSTINIAN . ., &c. ; cp. Friedl., Vandalen^ pp. 42 f. and 50 f. Some of the rudest pieces appear to have circulated among the Vandals (though some specimens are found in Italy, Friedl., op. cit.), to whom small coins with the heads of earlier emperors had long been familiar. Possibly the issue of these — at a local mint (hardly Carthage) — continued even after the conquest of Africa. These pieces have been little studied by numismatists, and may be left over for description among the coins of the Vandals and Ostrogoths.
The Italian M coins are of peculiar style and may be generally recog- nized by the high relief of the o6v., the wreath enclosing the rev. type, the patina, &c. The fine bust of Jusljnian on the Boman M with rev. M in wreath is closely modelled on the bust of Theodahat, as portrayed on his large, thick M coinage.
75
JUSTINUS 11
15 NOYSUBSB, A. D. 565—5 OCTOBEB, 578
Mints = I. Ck)iistantinople ; IE. Thessalonica ; HI. Nicomedia ; IV. Cyzicus ; Y. Antioch ; VI. Alexandria ; VII. Carthage ; VIII. Sicily ; IX. Rome ; X. RaTenna.
No. Weight
68.7 69.
67.5
68.
69.
Metal and Size
AT .8
N .8
N .8
N .8
N .8
Obverse
Reverse
I. CONSTANTINOPLE Solidus
DNI VSTI NVSP PAVC ^ Bust of Jus- tin II beardless, facing; wears hel- met with plume and armour ; his r. hand holds globe sur- mounted by Victory r. extending wreath to his head ; his 1. hand supports shield with horse- man device.
[Royal Collection]
[RParkes Weber gift, 1906]
(DNIVS Tl NVSP PAV)
(Ends AV) [Purchased, 1904]
VICTOW AAVCCC
I Constantinople I (Nca 'Pw/xi;)^ seated I on throne facing, I looking r. ; she
wears helmet, tunic
and mantle; r. leg ' uncovered; on r.
shoulder, aegis; r. ' hand holds spear;
1. hand holds globus I cr.; in ex., CO NOB
A at end of inscr.
A at end of inscr. (Different dies from No. 1)
B at end of inscr. [Purchased, 1904]
r at end of inscr. (A for A)
[PI. XI. 1.]
r at end of inscr. ; in field 1., star.
Date
* D (in DN)has sometimes nearly the form of O, and C (=Q) has sometimes nearly the appearance of I : so also on the semissis.
» Cp. B. Z., iii (1894 ^ p. 219. The figure can hardly be Victory, though cp. the JB. coin, No. 26, infra.
76
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size A^ .75 |
Obverse |
Reverse |
Date |
|
6 |
67-6 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
r and two pellets at |
||
|
end of inscr. ; in |
• |
||||
|
field 1., C |
|||||
|
7 |
69. |
N -8 |
(Ends AV) [Purchased, 1904] |
€ at end of inscr. (A for A) |
|
|
8 |
68-3 |
U .8 |
(DNIVSTI NVSPP AV) [Purchased, 1904] |
S" at end of inscr. |
|
|
(A for A) |
|||||
|
9 |
67.3 |
JJ .8 |
[Bankof England gift, 1877] |
S at end of inscr.' |
|
|
10 |
66.5 |
AT -8 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
H at end of inscr. |
|
|
11 |
68.7 |
AT .8 |
(A for A) [Royal Collection] |
H at end of inscr. ; in field 1., star. [PI. XT. a.] |
|
|
12 |
68.3 |
M .85 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
0 at end of inscr. |
|
|
13 |
69.1 |
AT .8 |
(A for A) [Purchased, 1904] |
1 at end of inscr. |
|
|
14 |
65. |
N .8 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
1 at end of inscr. ; in field L, star. |
|
|
15 |
68.8 |
N .85 |
[Drake, 1875] |
1 at end of inscr. ; in field 1., C |
|
|
16 |
6ai |
U .85 |
[de Salis gift] Sem DNIVSTI NVSPP AVC Bust of Jus- tin n r. beardless, wearing diadem, cuirass and paluda- mentum. |
1 at end of inscr. ; in field, + • ssis^ VICTORIAAVCCC Victory wearing TTiantle over lower limbs seated r. on shield and cuirass ; on her knees she supports a shield on which with her r. hand she inscribes numerals (rudely represented by dots); in front, ^ ; behind, star; in ex., CONOB |
|
|
17 |
32.7 (pierced) |
AT .7 |
[Souratty, 1867] |
^ A veiy similar solidus with S» set as a pendant, is in the British Museum, and will be published in the catalogue of Greek and Roman gold ornaments.
^ The semissea and tremisses that may be assigned to Justin 11 have the same types and inscriptions as those of Justin 1, but are in lower relief and of more barbarous work, especially on the rev,
» AVI on Nos. 18-20.
JUSTIN n— CONSTANTINOPLE- SILVER
77
No. Weight 18 I 34-6
19 33.2
Upkreed)
■20 I 33-5
■21 j 224
22 ' 21.5 ^{pureed)
23 I -22.1
24 2a4
25
224
26
16.
|
Metal and Size |
|
|
Al |
.75 |
|
N |
.65 |
|
N |
.7 |
|
JU |
•65 |
|
N |
•6 |
|
M |
.65 |
|
AT |
•65 |
|
N |
.65 |
|
M |
.6 |
Obverse
Reverse
[Dr. CuUen of Kus- tendji, 1868]
[Blacas, 1867] [Purchased, 1904]
[PI, XI, 8,]
[PI. XI. 4.]
Date
Tremissis
DNIVSTI NVSPP AVC Bust of Jus- tin n r. beardless, wearing diadem, cuirass and paluda- mentum.
[de Salis gift]
[de Salis gift] [Royal Collection]
VICTOfclAAVCVS TOfcVM Victory in chiton advancing to front, looking back 1. ; in r., wreath ; inl., globus cr. ; in field r., star; in ex., CONOB
[PI. XI. 5.]
(H for M) (fcVI for fcVM)
[C. A. Murray, 1849] (fcVI for fcVM) Silver
DNIVST INVS Jus- tin n and the Em- press Sophia draped and nimbate, seated on double throne side by side, facing ; each rests r. hand on book ; between heads, cross ; in ex., CONOB; border of dots.
SALVS[AVC?] Half, length figure of Constantinople facing, looking r. ; she wears helmet and tunic ^ and aegis on r. shoulder ; in r. hand, spear; in 1. hand, globus cr. ; in ex., VIC TORI[A]; border of dots.»
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. XI, e.]
' As appears by comparison with the costume of ' Constantinople ' on the solidi of Jastin II, though here the dress has rather the appearance of a cuirass with pteryges.
' Cp. Sab., No. 9. The word VICTORIA (which is not the main legend) would at first sight seem to label the figure as Victory. But an unwinged Victory is improbable, uid the figure is evidently identical with the figure on Justin's solidi, which (from a comparison with other similar representations) would appear to be Constantinople. VICTORIA, then, is probably an ejaculation, like the VITA on other coins of Justin and Sophia.
78
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
27
28 29 30
31
Weight
16.
210.3 185.5 189.7
207.
Metal and
M -65
M 1.3 M 105 M 1.05
JE 1.15
Obverse
Reverse
(Each has tall head- dress instead of the nimbus ; the hands of each are clasped on breast ; thrones separate ; no book.) j
[de Salis gift] [PI. XI. 7.]
Bronze
M
DNIVSTI NVSP PAVC Justin n (on L)and Sopliia(onr.) nimbate, and wear- ing tall head- dresses ^ and long robes,*seated facing on double throne ' ; Justin holds in r. globus cr. ; Sophia holds inr. cruciform sceptre.
[Purchased, 1904]
[PI. XI. 8.]
(AC for AVC)
[de Salis gift]
M on 1., A
N
N
O
above, cross ; in ex.,
CON
On r., I ; beneath, T On r., I ; beneath, f On r., I ; beneath, A
[Purchased, 1904] I On r., I ; beneath, €
Date
565/6 1 = 565/6 1 = 565/6
1= 565/6
^ The head-dresses are apparently of the same ceremonial kind as those worn by Justinian and Theodora in the famous mosaics of San Vitale at Ravenna. Sophia's (like Theodora's) is a kind of ' stephane \ which has jewelled pendants and is surmounted by jewelled ornaments, which on the coins are conventionally represented by a sort of turreted crown (No. 29) or by three leaf-like projections (Nos. 42, 43).
' The jewels worn by the Empress are clearly seen on No. 38.
' The throne is cushioned, and in front are separate foot-rests, or more often a sort of ornamented dais, on which the feet are placed (see especially the M coins of Cyzicus, note on M coin of year 11, infra).
An upright projection of the throne is shown on the side of the Empress ; this has at first su^ht the appearance of the side of the throne, but probably it is the upright support of the back of the throne (see the details clearly given on a M coin of Cyzicus of year X, in/Vw, note).
On the mosaic of St. Sophia above the doors of the narthex the Christ is seated on a throne with a horizontal crossbar at the back, which is supported on each side by a nearly semicircular support. In front of the throne is a solid dais-like footstool (Bayet, L*art Byz,, p. 53, Fig. 12).
The introduction of tMs detail on the coins is probably due to a desire for sym- metry—the projection of the throne is made to balance the globus cruciger held by the Emperor.
* Justin's accession took place Nov. 15, 565 ; see Bniy's (xibhon^ v, pp. 1, 2.
JUSTIN n— CONSTANTINOPLE
-M
79
|
So. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
|
32 |
214.5 |
M 1.06 |
|
33 |
23a6 |
^ M |
|
34 |
235. |
M M |
|
35 |
235.5 |
M 1-1 |
|
36 |
192. |
^ M |
|
37 |
212.3 |
M M |
|
38 |
233.8 |
M 1.15 |
|
39 |
208.3 |
^ 1-2 |
|
40 |
19a8 |
^ 1-2 |
|
41 |
209. |
^ 115 |
|
42 |
209.5 |
^ 1.25 |
|
43 |
22a |
M 1.26 |
|
44 |
210- |
M 1.2 |
|
45 |
2oa |
JE 1.15 |
|
46 |
197.3 |
JE 1.2 |
Obverse
(A\ for AVC) [Purchased, 1904]
(A\ for AVC) [de Salis gift]
(O for AVC) [Purchased, 1904]
(A for AVC) [Purchased, 1904]
(C for AVC)
(Inscr. partlvobscure) [Purchased, 1904]
(AV/)
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. XI. 9, obv.]
[Purchased, 1904]
(End of inscr. obscure)
(A for AVC)
[Purchased, 1904]
(A\ for AVC) [PI. XI. 10.]
rA for AVC) [Presented by Mr.
Rohde Hawkins,
1848]
(Inscr. partly obscure) [Purchased, 1904]
(Inscr. partly obscure) [Purchased, 1904]
|
Reverse |
Date |
|
On r., II ; beneath, B |
2= 566/7 |
|
On r., II ; beneath, T |
2= 566/7 |
|
On r., II ; beneath, ^ |
2= 566/7 |
|
On r., II ; beneath, € |
2= 566/7 |
|
On r., 1 ; beneath. A' II |
3= 567/8 |
|
Onr., Ill; beneath, € |
3= 667/8 |
|
On r., II ; beneath, B |
4= 568/9 |
|
On r., II ; beneath, T II |
4= 568/9 |
|
On r., II ; beneath, A |
4= 568/9 |
|
Onr., t|; beneath, B [Procured in Syria and presented by Mr. J. S. Agnew, 1906] |
5= 669/70 |
|
On r., U ; beneath, T |
5= 569/70 |
|
On r., U ; beneath, T |
5= 569/70 |
|
On r., U ; beneath, A |
6= 669/70 |
|
On r., t| ; beneath, € |
6= 669/70 |
|
On r., U ; beneath, € (above t) |
6= 569/70 |
* With B, Moustier Cat.
80
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No. 47
48 49 60
51
52
53 54 55 56
Weight
Metal and Size
1444
208.6 (pfefwd)
2126
200-7
231.
224-6
222-2
215-4
232-5
233.9
M 1.15
^ 1-15
M 1-1
M 1-2
Obverse
[Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904]
[do Salts gift]
('ONVSTI NVSP PAC)
[Capt. Manso di Villa, 1856]
M 1-3 [Purcliased, 1904]
^ 1-2
(VSTI for IVSTI)
[de Sails gift]
JE 1-25 ' [Purchased, 1904]
57 248-
58
59
191.
204-7
M 1-1
JE 1-2
JE 1-2
JE 1-2
JE 1-2
JE 1-2
[Purchased, 1904] [Purchased, 1904]
[de Salis gift] [Purchased, 1904]
(Inscr. partly obscure) [Purchased, 1904]
Bevene
On r., *i ; beneath, A
On r., 'i ; beneath, A (above, 'P)
On r., ^ ; beneath, A (above, SP)
On r., *i ; beneath, B
On r., *1 ; beneath, B (above, 'r)
On r., *i ; beneath, P (above, *)
On r., 'i ; beneath, A (above, 'l^)
On r., *i ; beneath, L (above, ^)
On r., 'il ; beneath, A (above, ^)
On r., 'il ; beneath, B (above, ^)
On r., *1l ; beneath, T (above, Sr)
On r., 'il ; beneath, A On r., *1l ; beneatli, €
Date
6= 570/1
6= 570/1
6= 570/1
6= 570/1
6= 570/1
6= 570/1
6= 570/1
6= 570/1
7=
571/2
7= 571/2
7=
571/2
7= 571/2
571/2
' Here and elsewhere on the coins of this reign D (in DN) has nearly the form of O.
JUSTIN n— CONSTANTINOPLE— M
81
|
So. Weight |
Metal and Siie |
|
|
eo |
-343^ |
JE 1-2 |
|
61 |
201.5 |
J& 1-2 |
|
62 |
217. |
^ 1-2 |
|
63 |
218-4 |
M 12 |
|
64 |
182-7 |
M 1-15 |
|
65 |
190-7 |
^ 1-2 |
|
tie |
204-7 |
JS. 115 |
|
67 |
234.8 |
M 1-2 |
|
68 |
198- |
JE 1-2 |
|
69 |
•207-3 |
M 12 |
|
70 |
•208-6 |
^ 1-2 |
|
71 |
200 |
M 1.15 |
|
72 |
218-2 |
^ 1-15 |
|
73 |
•208-2 |
JE 1-2 |
|
74 |
193- |
.E 115 |
|
75 |
2^24-3 {pierced) |
JE 1.2 |
Obverse
(AC for AVC) [Purchased, 1904]
(A ? for AVC) [Bkcas, 1867]
[Purchased, 1904]
(A\ for AVC) [de Salis gift]
(A\ for AVC) [Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904]
[de Salis gift]
[Purchased, 1904]
[Northwlcksale,1860]
[Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904]
(Inscr. partly obscure) [Northwicksale,1860]
[Purchased, 1904]
Revene
Date
Ou r., ^1 ; beneath, € (above, 'r)
On r., ^ ; beneath, K II
On r., ^ ; beneath, 6 II
On ^,^11; beneath, A II
On r., <1l ; beneath, B II
On r., *il ; beneath, T II
Ou r., 'i ; beneath, T 11 I
Ou r., 'il ; beneath, A II
On r., ^1 ; beneath, L II
On r., 'i ; beneath, € II I
On r., <1l ; beneath, € II
(above, 'r) On r., X ; beneath, A
On r., X ; beneath, B
On r., X ; beneath, &
On r., X ; beneath, L
On r., X ; beneath, 6 (alx)ve, H^)
7= 571/2
8= 572/3
8= 572/3
9= 573/4
9= 573/4
9= 573/4
9= 573/4
9= 573/4
9= 573/4
9= 573/4
9= 573/4
10= 574/5
10= 574/5
10= 574/5
10= 574/5
10=
574/5
82
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight 231. |
Metal and Size M 1.3 |
Obverse |
Beretae |
|
76 |
(Inscr. partlv obscure) [Parchased, 1904] |
Onr., X; beneath, € (above, ^) |
||
|
77 |
201-6 |
M 115 |
(A\ for AVC) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, A |
|
78 |
214.2 |
JE 1.25 |
(A\?) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, & [PI. XI. IL] |
|
79 80 |
247. 226- |
M 135 ^ 1.15 |
(A for AVC) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, A (above, 'l^) On r., X ; beneath, A |
|
81 |
236. |
JE 13 |
(A\ for AVC) |
On r., X ; beneath, & (above, ^) |
|
K |
||||
|
DNIVSTI NVSPP AVC Justin and Sophia seated facing, as on No. 28. |
K on 1., A N N O above, cross. |
|||
|
82 |
96. |
JE .85 |
(DNIVST 1 NVSPP) [de Rails gift] |
On r., 1 ; beneath, T |
|
83 |
128- |
M .9 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., 1 ; beneath, € |
|
84 |
112.7 |
JE .8 |
(A for AVC) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., II ; beneath, & |
|
85 |
ia3.3 |
JE .9 |
(IVTI for IVSTI) (\ for AVC) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., Ill; beneath, & |
|
86 |
75. (worn) |
JE .8 |
(Inscr. obscure) [Purchased, 1904] Rest |
(MforN) (above?) onr., Ill beneath, (?) juck |
Dat«
10=
574/5
11= 575/6
11= 575/6
11= 575/6
12= 576 7
12=
576/7
1= 565/6
1= 565/6
2= 566 '7
3=
567/8
3= 567/8
JUSTIN n— CONSTANTINOPLE— K
Ho.
87
Weight "«»f J"^
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
88^ 121-6 1203
11-2.6
1075
103.7
100.5
80-8
115.3
84.8
99
100
99.
70.
99.7
86.5
Size
^ -9 M 1.
M 1-
^ .9
M 105
M -95
M .9
M .95
M .9 M .9
^ 105
^ .9
Obverse
(Inscr. obscure) [de Salis gift]
(Without AVC) [Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904]
(Inscr. obscure) [Purchased, 1904]
(DNIVS[TI?] NSVP PAVn
[de Salis gift]
(DNIVST [INVS PPAVC ?] [Purchased, 1904]
(AV for AVC) [Purchased, 1904]
[de Salis gift]
[Purchased, 1904]
(Inscr. incomplete) [Purchased, 1904]
[de Sails gift]
[Purchased, 1904]
(C for AVC) [Purchased, 1904]
(Inscr. incomplete) [de Salis gift]
Bevene
On r., II ; beneath, L II
On r., I I ; beneath, € • I
On r., *i ; beneath, L (above, ^r)
On r., *1 ; beneath, 6 (above, 'r)
On r., ^1 ; beneath, T (above, SP)
On r., ^ ; beneath, B II
(above, 'r)
On r., ^ ; beneath, B II
Onr.,<1ll beneath, CON
^above, ^) (double-struck)
Onr.,^111; beneath, € (above, H^)
On r., X ; beneath, A
On r., XI ; beneath, A
On r., XI ; beneath, T (and star ?)
On r., XI ; beneath, € [PI. XI. 12.]
On r., XI I ; beneath, A
Date
4= 568/9
4=
568/9
6= 570/1
6= 570/1
7= 571/2
8= 572/3
8= 572/3
8= 572/3
9= 573/4
10=
574/5
11= 575/6
11=
575/6
11= 575/6
12= 576/7
84
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No. i Weight
Metal and Sice
101
102
103
104
105 106 107
814
100.4
72-1
97-3 67.
77.
M .8
^ .8
JR 'uO
M .8
Obverse
JEk 'O M .9
Bevene
n. THESSALONICA
K
(a) With head of Justin 11 DNIVSTI NVSPPAV K on 1., A
Bust of Justin 11 beardless, facing ; wears helmet with plume and armour ; his r. hand holds globus cr. ; his 1. hand supports shield with horse- man device.
[de Salis gift]
[de Salis gift]
N N O
above, cross ; beneatli, T€S
Onr., II
Onr., Ill
[Purchased, 1904] On r., A
(Restruck on a 1 «D coin of Justinian, of the Thessalonica mint ; on the rev.^ traces of
S and star and P : cp. Rev. Ntim,^ iv, 1839, p. 246)
[Purchased, 1904]
On r., L
[PL XI. 18.]
Date
(fi) With figures of Justin II and Sophia
K on 1., A N
DNIVSTI NVSPPAV
Justin n and Sophia seated, facing, as on No. 28.
([DNIV] STINVSPP)
[Purchased, 1904]
[Northwicksale,1860]
[Purchased, 1904]
N O
above, cross ; beneath, T€S
On r., A On r., L
On r., A (above, cross ?)
Double-struck, and apparently restruck
2=
566/7
3=
567/8
4=
568/9
4=
568/9
4=
568/9
4= 568/9
4=
568/9
JUSTIN n— THESSALONICA
-K
86
|
Ko. |
Weight |
Metal and Sise |
|
106 |
723 |
M .75 |
|
109 |
834 |
M .85 |
|
110 |
55.7 |
M .9 |
|
111 |
99.2 |
M .8 |
|
112 |
94.7 |
M .85 |
|
113 |
86. |
M .9 |
|
114 |
87.2 |
M .9 |
|
115 |
91. |
M .85 |
|
116 |
71-8 |
M .9 |
|
117 |
99-3 |
M .9 |
|
118 |
82.5 |
M .8 |
|
119 |
1174 |
M .9 |
|
120 |
94.4 |
M .85 |
|
121 |
86.5 |
^ .8 |
|
122 |
86.3 |
M .8 |
Obverse
Reverse
[de Salis gift] [Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904]
On r.,€ (above, eKC> and cross)
On r., € (above, SKC and cross) (double-struck)
On r., M (above, M and cross ?)
Double-struck
[Purchased, 1904] [Purchased, 1904]
(AVC)
[Purchased, 1904]
(Inscr. incomplete) [Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904]
(Inscr. incomplete) [de Salis gift]
[Purchased, 1904] j [Purchased, 1904]
On r., g
Onr.,Z«
On r., mil
On r., mil (above, M and cross)
On r., m III [PI. XI. 14,]
On r., til III
On r., X (above, 6 C and cross)
On r., X (above, 0 C and cross)
On r., X
(A for AV) [Purchased, 1904]
Restruck on a coin of Justinian ; on rev.^ ANVSPPA visible.
(DNVIII incomplete)
(Inscr. incomplete) [Purchased, 1904]
(Inscr. incomplete) [de Salis gift]
Onr.,XI(Smis-formed) [Purchased, 1904]
On r., XI (above, 0 C and cross)
On r., XI I (above, 4) C and cross)
Date
5=
569/70
6=
569/70
5= 569/70
5=
569/70
7=
571/2
8=
572/3
8=
572/3
9= 573/4
9=
573/4
10=
574/5
10=
574/5
10=
574/5
11 = 575/6
11 = 575/6
12=
576/7
* These letters and the 4> C, 0 C, and M on other coins of Thessalonica await satis- factory explanation. Words like 46>f, e«5r, Q€or6KOi^ Mapia suggest themselves, more especially as the letters occur in close connexion with the cross.
^ Year 7 is also marked Mil on the coin of Thessalonica in Photiades Cat, No. 214 ; cp. Nos. 108, 110, supra, where both € and M are used for 5.
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obvene |
Reverse |
Date |
|
123 |
76.4 |
M .8 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., XII (above, <J>C and cross) |
12= 576/7 |
|
124 |
75.7 |
M .8 |
(Inscr. partly obscure) [Purchased, 1904] |
Onr., XI (above?)' I 1 surmounted by cross ; on 1., A N N 0 in ex., T€S |
13= 677/8 |
|
DNIVSTI NVSPPAV Bust of Justin 11 r. wearing diadem, paludamentum and cuirass. |
|||||
|
126 |
42-6 |
M .7 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
Onr., Ill [PI. XI. 16.] |
3= 667/8 |
|
126 |
46.4 |
M .7 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., A |
4= 568/9 |
|
III. NICOMEDIA |
|||||
|
h |
1 |
||||
|
DNIVSTI NVSPP AVC Justin n and Sophia seated, facing, as on No. 28. |
M on 1., A N N O' above, cross ; in ex., NIKO* |
||||
|
127 |
219-3 {pierced and plugged) |
M 1.15 |
[de Salis gift] |
On r., II ; beneath, B |
2= 566/7 |
|
128 |
200.6 |
M 1.15 |
[de Salis gift] |
Onr., II; beneath, A |
3= 567/8 |
|
129 |
223. |
JE M |
[de Salis gift] |
On r., II ; beneath, B |
3= 567/8 |
|
130 |
209. |
M 1.25 |
[PI. XII, 1.] |
On r., II ; beneath, A |
4= 568/9 |
|
131 |
210.4 |
JE, 1.2 |
(A/C) [Purchased, 1904] |
Onr., II; beneath, B (NIKO) |
4= 568/9 |
^ The obliterated object may be either the cross or 0C and cross as on the coins in K(Jhne's M^moires eoc, imp. d^arch., St. Petersburg, iv (1850), p. 302. *^ Sometimes o for O.
JUSTIN n-NICOMEDIA
-M
87
No.
Weight
132
133 134
135
136
137 138 139
140
141 142 143
144
145 146 147
148
198^
199-2 165-4
248-2
133-4
207-7 204-8 209-
18a6
182-
178-8
201-1
191-2
227-
208-6
213-2
138-5
Metal and Sise
M 1-2
M 1-15 ^ 1-2
J& 1-2
M 1-
M 1-1 M 1-2 M 1.15
^ 1-1
iE 12 M 1-1 ^ 1-15
^ 11 ^ 1.2 M 115 M 12 M 1-
Obvewe
[^9
Parkes Weber gift, 1906]
(A/C) [Northwicksale,1860]
(A/C) [Purchased, 1904]
rWC for AVC) (Above heads, cross) [Purchased, 1904]
(Cross above heads)
[F. Parkes Weber gift, ItTUbJ
rA/c)
(Cross above heads) [Purchased, 1904]
[de Sails gift] [Northwick8ale,1860]
(AVC carelessly en- gTaved) P»urchased, 1904]
(A/C for AVC) [Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904]
BevoTse
Onr., il ; beneath, B II
(DNIVSTI&c.) ?Cros8 between heads) [Blacas, 1867]
Onr. Onr.
Onr,
Onr.
Onr. Onr. Onr.
Onr.
Onr. Onr. Onr.
Onr. Onr. Onr. Onr. Onr.
U ; beneath, B ^ ; beneath, A
^ ; beneath, h
^ ; beneath, B
'il ; beneath, A ^1 ; beneath, B ^1 ; beneath, B
^ ; beneath, A II
^ ; beneath, A II
^ ; beneath, A II
^ ; beneath, B II
'il ; beneath, A II
'il ; beneath, A II
'il ; beneath, A II
'il ; beneath, B II
X ; beneath, A*
Date
4=
568/9
5=
569/70
6= 570/1
6=r
570/1
6= 570/1
7= 571/2
7= 571/2
7= 571/2
8= 572/3
8=
572/3
8= 572/3
8= 572/3
9= 573/4
9= 573/4
9=
573/4
9= 573/4
10=
574/5
88
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse (2 for S ; A/C) [Northwicksale,1860] |
Reverse |
Date |
|
149 |
222.5 |
JE 1-2 |
On r., X ; beneath, A |
10= 574/5 |
|
|
150 |
204. |
JE 1-25 |
(A/C) |
On r., X ; beneath, B |
10=r 574/5 |
|
151 |
205-7 |
JE 1-1 |
rA/C) (Cross above heads) |
On r., X ; beneath, A |
11= 575/6 |
|
152 |
213.3 |
M 1-2 |
(Cross above heads), scroll-ornament in ex.' [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, B [PL XII. 2, obv,] |
11= 575/6 |
|
153 |
2122 |
JE 1-15 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, B |
11= 575/6 |
|
154 |
148.4 (pitreed) |
M 1- |
(Cross?) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, B 1 |
11= 575/6 |
|
155 |
192.2 |
JE 1-15 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, A II |
12= 576/7 |
|
156 |
194-6 |
JE 1-1 |
(Ends A/) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, B |
12= 576/7 |
|
157 |
196.6 |
M 1-1 |
(Ends NV8PPA/C) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, A II 1 |
13= 577/8 |
|
158 |
193-8 |
^ 1-2 |
On r., X ; beneath, A 1 |
13= 577/8 |
|
|
159 |
207-8 |
JE 1-2 |
(A/C) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, B 1 c |
13= 577/8 |
|
DNIVSTI NVSPP AVC Justin n and Sophia seated, facing, as on No. 28. |
K on 1., A N N O beneath, Nl above, cross. |
||||
|
160 |
111-5 |
JE 1- |
[Purchased, 1904] |
Onr., l' |
2— 566/7 |
* This is really the decoration of the foot-rest or dais beneath the throne. A similar ornamentation may be seen on many of the M coins of Cyzicus, and from a coin of Gyzicu^ of year XI (PI, XII. 5) it is clear that an ornamented dais is intended to be repre- sented.
JUSTIN n— CYZICUS— M
!fo. Weight
161 I 79.3
162 86.5
163
102.8
161 : 13&4
165
lOt.2
166 100-6
167 j 237.2
168 ' 229.1
169 188.8
170 171 172
19a 191. •203-2
I Metal and
I Size
I JE .85 M .9 M 1. M -85 M -95 ^ -9
Obvene
Revene
[de Salis gift] On r., <\
(A/8)
[de Salis gift]
[Purchased, 1904]
On r., <1l
[Fi. zn. 3.]
On r., <1l
M 1-25 M 12 M 13
M 1-2 M 1-1 M 1-2
[Purchased, 1904] , On r., ^
! "
[Purchased, 1904] i On r., <il ! >l
[de Salis gift] ' On r., X
IV. CYZICUS
M
DNIVSTI NVSPPlMonl., A
AVC Justin n and 1 N
Sophia seatedl N
facing, as on No. 28 ; I O
above heads, cross. 1 above, cross ;
i in ex., KYZ
I Date
6= 570/1
571/2
7= 571/2
8= 572/3
9= 573/4
10=
574/5
(SVC for AVC)
(SVC for AVC) [Purchased, 1904]
On r., I ; beneath, B ' II
; On r., I ; beneath, B II
(DNIVST NVSPPAI) , On r., H = ; beneath, B I [Obtainedintheisland ' of Cosand presented by Mr. Alan J. B. Wace, 1906]
[Purchased, 1904]
(DNIVST IN VSPP SAV)
(DNIVSTINA SPP SAVS)
[de Salis gift]
On r., *il ; beneath, A On r.,^ll; beneath, A Onr.,^11; beneath, B
3=
567/8
3=
567/8
5=
569/70
7=
571/2
8= 572/3
8= 572/3
' Also with A beneath (private coll., 1905). * Year ^ (6) occurs in Photiades Cat, No. 208.
90
IMPERIAL BYZAIWINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse |
Reverse |
Date |
|
173 |
214-9 |
M 1-15 |
(AC lor AVC) [Purcliased, 1904] |
On r., ^11; beneath, A |
9= 573/4 |
|
174 |
214-2 |
M 1-15 |
(DNIVSTI ANVSIIC) C^ above heads) |
On r., ^1 ; beneath, A |
9= 573/4 |
|
175 |
199-2 |
M 1-15 |
(DNIVSTI NV2P (Jt- above heads) |
Onr.,^; beneath, B |
9= 573/4 |
|
176 |
195. |
M 1-2 |
(A for AVC) (star above heads) ' [de Sails gift] |
On r., X ; beneath, A [H. XII. 4.] |
10= 574/5 |
|
177 |
180- |
M 115 |
(AC for AVC^ [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, A |
10= 574/5 |
|
178 |
161-6 |
M 105 |
(DNIVS TIN VSPP AVC) [Sotheby's, Dec. 20, 1852, lot 206] |
On r., X ; beneath, A |
10= 574/5 |
|
179 |
1473 |
M 1-05 |
(DNIVS TIN VSPP AVC) |
On r., X ; beneath, A [Townley Collection] |
10= 574/5 |
|
180 |
198- |
M 1-2 |
(A for AVC) |
On r., X ; beneath, B |
10= 574/5 |
|
181 |
218-4 |
M 1-2 |
(DNIVSTN ANVS PC)* [Purchased, 190^ \vi. XII. 6, o6». J |
On r., X ; beneath, A |
11= 575/6 |
|
182 |
202-8 |
M 1-2 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, B |
11 = 575/6 |
|
183 |
182-6 |
M 1-2 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, B |
11= 575/0 |
|
184 |
182-6 |
M 1-1 |
(A for AVC) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, A |
12= 576/7 |
' On this specimen part of the framework of the throne is clearly shown : see supi'a^ p. 78, note 3, on M coin of Constantinople.
' This specimen clearly shows a dais-like foot-rest before the throne ; it is orna- mented in front with scroll-work and pellets, ornamentation which is often seen in the exergues of the M coins of Gyzicus (cp. Nicomedia, supm^ p. 88, note)^ <
JUSTIN n-CYZICUS-K— ANTIOCH— M
91
Weight
Metal and Size
99-
1052
99.4
73-
88-5
95.2
101.4
114.6
M .95
.^ 'VO
JEi •&
JXli •o
.£ 'O
JSi 'c/D
.£ 'V
M -95
Obvene
Revene
DNIVSTI NVSPPKonl., A
AVC Justia U and N
Sophia seated N
facing, as on No. 28 ; O
above heads, cross. above, cross ;
beneath, KYZ
gDNiyiSTIN [VSP On r., II (KY^) [Purchased, 1904]
(. .IVSTIN rest;Onr., III(KYZ); obscure) in centre, pellet.
[Purchased, 1904]
(DNIVSTN AN[VSP On r., <i (KY^) PAVC?]
[deSalisgift] i
DNIVSTIN &c. [Purchased, 1904]
[de Salis gift]
(/ for AVC)
[Purchased, 1904]
[de Salis gift] [Purchased, 1904]
On r., X On r., X
On r., X
On r., X I
On r., X II
[PI. xn. e.]
V. ANTIOCH'
M
(o) With head of Justin II
See Sab., i, p. 225, No. 4, PI. XXI. 4. The obt. has the head of Justin II facing, holding globe on -which is Viotoiy (like the corresponding K coin, injra). The coin described hy Sabatier is of year 2.
Date
2= 566/7
3=
567/8
6= 570/1
10=
574/5
10=
574/5
11=
575/6
11=
575/6
12=
576/7
' Jostin II's coins of this mint show a variation of the ordinary type on the cbv^ and the ehc. legends are generally blundered. A border of dott sometimes takes the place of the ordinary reel border.
92
IMPEMAL BYZ^VNTINE COINS
|
No. |
T)ir«:~v* Metal and '^*«^*: Size |
Obverse |
Reverse |
Date |
|
|
■ |
()3) With figures of Justin 11 and Sophia |
||||
|
DNIVSTI NVSPP |
M on 1., A |
||||
|
AVC ^usually blun- derea or unintelli- |
N |
||||
|
N |
|||||
|
gible\ Justin II Ton 1.) and Sophia |
O |
||||
|
above, cross ; |
|||||
|
(on r. ) nimbate, and |
in ex., rH€gP^ |
||||
|
wearing tall head- |
|||||
|
dresses and long |
|||||
|
drapery, seated |
|||||
|
1 |
facing on double |
||||
|
1 |
throne. They sup- |
||||
|
port between them |
|||||
|
1 |
globe surmounted |
||||
|
1 |
by a smaller globe |
||||
|
and a long cross. |
|||||
|
Justin holds in r. |
|||||
|
sceptre with globu- |
|||||
|
lar top; Sophia |
|||||
|
! |
holds a similar^ |
||||
|
sceptre in L |
|||||
|
193 , 234. |
M 1.3 |
(VN2APT SPST..)' |
On r., II ; beneath, B |
5= |
|
|
(border of dots) [de Salis gift] |
III |
569/70 |
|||
|
(border of dots) |
|||||
|
[PI, XII, 7.] |
|||||
|
194 |
223.2 |
M 1-2 |
(NTAP23 VNMrSl) |
On r., Ml ; beneath, B |
6 = |
|
(border of dots) [Purchased, 19(M] |
(border of dots) |
570/1 |
|||
|
195 |
199.6 |
M 1.2 |
(Inscr. asNo. 194?) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., m ; beneath, f |
6= |
|
570/1 |
|||||
|
196 |
210.7 |
M 1.15 |
gnscr. as No. 194) [Procured in Syria |
On r., Ml (larger than |
6= |
|
on No. 195); be- |
570/1 |
||||
|
and presented by |
neath, r |
||||
|
Mr. J. S. Agnew, |
|||||
|
1906] |
|||||
|
197 |
203.5 |
M 1.3 |
(VNTAC. .TAM. UA) |
On r., t|; beneath, f |
7= |
|
II |
571/2 |
||||
|
1 |
(border of dots) |
(border of dots) |
" Contrast the description of No. 28, supixt. The foot-rest is here represented only by the line of the exergue.
' These blundered and unintelligible legends must have been engraved by workmen ignorant of Latin. In most cases letters seem to have been arbitrarily inserted without meaning and without attempt to adumbrate the forms of the original inscription. Th« only element that remains nearly constant is VN = DN (daminus noster). It is not easy —nor perhaps veir important — ^to reproduce the exact forms that occur in these bar- barous legends. On most of Justin*s coins (Constantinople, &c.) the D is badly formed (sometimes becoming nearly O) or is placed sideways. This D has given rise to V.
JUSTIN n— ANTIOCH
-M
93
So. Weight
I
198 I -234-
199 I 222.5
•JOO I 211-4 •201 ' 248-3 m \ 196-5
203 ! 202-5
■m I 205-5
I
I :'05 175-
I
■206 i 184-
!
•207 ' 188-6
208 I 1764 (piereed)
■m I 212-5
210
211
225-7
205-8
Metal and Sise
M 1-3
JE 1-2
^ 1-25
M 1-3
M 13
M 1-2
JE 1-15
M 1-1
JE 1-2
ja 1-3
^ 1-2
M 1-3
M 1-2
JE 1-2
Obvene
Reverse
(.NTD23 MrPSC.) (border of dots)
(VNTD28 MrPSC.)
(border of dots)
[de Sails gift]
(VN.... TOOA)
(VNMSS )
(VNTMD NCLP)
(VNTLrAI ACUL SC)
( VATSLLNC)
[de Sails gift]
VTPCP LANMLL
(VNrPL NrDC\)
(border of dots)
[Purchased, 1904]
(VTNrPL MCLL
AC) (border of dots) [Purchased, 1904]
(VNTOT MNriAC)
(border of dots)
(VNTAn .LANL)
(border of dots)
(VNTCrTA VUD
LN) ^border of dots) [Purchased, 1904]
(VATNr &c.) (border of dots) [de Salis gift]
On r., y ; beneath, T 11 (border of dots)
On r., M; beneath, P II (border of dots)
On r., M; beneath, T 11
On r., t| ; beneath, T II
On r., *i ; beneath, T II (inex., rH€HPo')
On r., *1 ; beneath, T II (in ex., rH€MPo/)
On r., t| ; beneath, T III
On r., 'i; beneath, P III
On r., X ; beneath, T (reel border)
On r., X ; beneath, T (reel border)
On r., X ; beneath, T (reel border)
On r., X and star; beneath, P
rrH€ypo)
(reel border)
On r., X ; beneath, T I (reel border) [PI. xn. 8.]
On r., X ; beneath, T I (reel border)
Date
7= 571/2
7= 571/2
7= 571/2
7= 571/2
8= 572/3
8=
572/3
8= 572/3
9= 573/4
10=
574/5
10=
574/5
10=
574/5
10= 574/5
11= 575/6
11= 575/6
94
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
212
213
214
215 216
Weight
22a2
106.2
105.1
118.5 91.5
Metal and Size
M 1.25
M 1.05
M M
M 1. M 1.
Obverse
(VNTC. PNTIAX)
(border of dots) [Purchased, 1904]
Reverse
On r., X ; beneath, T III (reel border)
(a) With head of Justin 11
[DNIVSTINVS] PP
AVr (sic) Bust of Justin II facing, wearing" helmet and armour. His r. hand holds globe surmounted by Vic- tory r., extending wreath to his head ; his 1. hand holds shield with horse- man device ; in field r., cross.
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. xn, 9.]
K on L, A
N
N
O above, cross ; beneath, ^
Onr., IP
()3) With figures of Justin 11 and Sophia DNIVSTI NVSPPA K on L, A
VC (usually blun- dered and unin- telligible) Justin n and Sophia seated facing, as on No. 193; border of dots.
N
N O
above, cross ; beneath, C ; border of dots.
(VONITI NOSPAN) Onr., II I III
[de Salis gift] [PL XII. lO.J
.. ONLLA)
I [de Sails gift]
lOnr., ll;(Afore) = I III
' On r., m
[de Salis gift]
^ Op. the similar coin in Sab., No« 5, year ' T. On ^ as mint-mark of Antioch, see tmptyiyp. 59, note.
' In spite of the absence of any of the characteristic mint-marks of Antioch, this coin clearly belongs to that mint, on account of the obv. type and the bordeis of dots. It is noteworthy that it is one of the few Antioch coins of this reign on which the oftf. legend is intelligible.
JUSTIN n— ANTIOCH
-I
95
|
-1 |
Weight |
Metal and Siw |
Obverse |
Reverae |
Date |
|
il7 |
111.5 |
^ .95 |
(VNTIP TPV.) (reel border) |
On r., mi (reel border) [de SaUs gift] |
7= 571/2 |
|
218 111.6 |
JE 1. |
( PMCI2C) |
On r., IW [Purchased, 1904] [H. xn. U,] |
7= 571/2 |
|
|
219 |
102-6 |
^ 1. |
(VNTIV\ ) |
On r., IIU [de Salis gift] |
7= 571/2 |
|
220 |
93-5 |
M .9 |
(VAPINC NAT..) [de SaUs gift] |
Onr., IIW (reel border) |
8= 572/3 |
|
221 |
102.7 |
JE -95 |
(VNT . . . mrv\) [de Salis gift] |
On r., IX (reel border) [PI. xn. 12, rev.] |
9 (or 11?) |
|
222 |
80- |
M 1- |
(VNTI? ITALC) [de Salis gift] |
0nr.,X (reel border) |
10= 574/5 |
|
223 |
107. |
M 1- |
rVNTri VAN [LC?]) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X (reel border) ' |
10= 574/5 |
|
1 (a) With head of Justin 11 |
|||||
|
DNI VSTI PPAVr? Bust of Justin 11 facing, as No. 213; in field r., cross. |
1 surmounted by cross ; on 1., A N N O in ex., TH€MP |
||||
|
•224 |
77.4 |
JE .75 |
(Inscr. partlvobscure) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., 1 ; above and below which, small cross. |
1 = 565/6 |
|
225 |
61. |
JE -8 |
(Inscr. blundered) [Purchased, 1904] |
AU as No. 224. [PI. xn. 13.] |
1= 565/6 |
|
1 |
08) With figures of Justin II and Sophia |
||||
|
1 |
DNIVSTI NVSPPAV (blundered and un- intelligible). Jus- tin n and Sophia seated facing, as on No. 193 ; border of dots. |
1 surmounted by cross ; on L, A N N O in ex., rH€yP' border of dots. |
|||
|
226 |
: 39.5 1 |
JE .8 |
(Inscr. obscure) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., II III |
5= 569/70 |
^ Sabatier (No. 30) describes a specimen of year MIX (13).
96
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obvene |
Reverse |
Date |
|
|
227 |
38-6 |
JE |
.75 |
(VNCrA IN..N) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., m |
6= 570/1 |
|
228 |
55.6 |
M |
.8 |
(TNIIA ....) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., m [PI. XTT. 14.] |
6= 570/1 |
|
229 |
49-4 |
^ |
•75 |
(TNIIA ....) [Purcliased, 1904] |
On r., m |
^6= 1 570/1 |
|
230 |
45.2 |
M |
.75 |
(...T. N.T..) (reel border) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., y n |
7= \ 571/2 |
|
231 |
40.6 |
^ |
•75 |
(VNIC ....) [de Sails gtft] |
On r., ^ III (reel border) |
8= 572/3 |
|
232 |
47.3 |
M |
■7 |
(...., NMTCX) [North wicksale,18(S0] |
On r., y III (reel border) |
8= 572/3 |
|
233 |
52.4 |
M |
.75 |
(VNTCI ANUCX) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., 1 II (reel border) |
8= 572/3 |
|
234 |
46.3 |
JE |
.75 |
(V . Nr . . . .) [de Sails gift] |
On r., X |
10= 574/5 |
|
235 |
38.2 |
JE |
.75 |
(. . . . NtrCAC) [Purchased, 1864] |
On r., X (reel border) |
10= 574/5 |
|
236 |
54.6 |
JE |
.75 |
(Inscr. obscure) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X and star (reel border) |
10= 574/5 |
|
237 |
43-2 |
M |
.7 |
(Inscr. obscure) [Northwick sale, 1860] |
On r., X and star |
10= 574/5 |
|
238 |
38. |
JE |
•7 |
(.... AUrNC?) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X |
11= 575/6 |
|
239 |
52- |
M |
•7 |
(N3r ? . . . .) |
On r., X (reel border) |
11= 575/6 |
|
240 |
51-2 |
JE |
•75 |
(Inscr. obscure, ends riAC ?) [de Sails gift] |
On r., X II |
12= 576/7 |
JUSTIN n— ALEXANDRIA-CARTHAGE
97
|
So. |
Weight ^"^J^^ |
Obverse | Reverse 1 |
Date |
|||
|
VI. ALEXANDRIA |
||||||
|
IB |
||||||
|
DNIVSTI NVSPPAV Bust of Justin n r., wearing diadem, cuirass and palada- mentum. |
I+Binex.,AA€i |
|||||
|
S41 |
70i3 |
JE |
.65 |
(A\ for AV) |
[PI. xni. 1.] |
|
|
542 |
59-2 |
M |
.6 |
(A\ for AV) 1 i |
||
|
m 69-1 |
JE |
.65 |
(A for AV) |
|||
|
!44 61. |
M |
.65 |
(A for AV) |
[North wick sale, 1860] |
||
|
!45 79-7 |
JE |
•65 |
(Without AV) i |
|||
|
{46 |
84. |
JE |
.75 |
(Without AV) 1 |
||
|
1 |
VIL CARTHAGE |
|||||
|
1 |
(i) Head in profile X |
|||||
|
J47 |
83. |
JE |
•75 |
DNIVSTI NVSPPA Bust of Justin nr., wearing diadem, paludamentum and cuirass. (A for A usually) [Blacas, 1867] |
X on 1., P R. on r., A N N O above, + beneath, ^ in ex., CAR. (A for A usuaUy) » |
Year 1 |
|
m |
82.3 |
JE |
.8 |
! (Inscr. blundered ?) > |
Year 1 |
|
|
>49 |
66. |
M |
.75 |
(DNIVST INVS [PPAPT) Double-struck |
[E. Aschkenasi of Tunis, 1854] |
Year 1 |
^ A specimen (Rev. beige, 2nd ser., v, p. 337) is restruck on one of the Carthaginian coins of Justinian I with rev. Victory (as PL X. 6). PR is doubtless for PRIMO. "Riere are stated to be similar coins of Justinian I ; but are the obv. legends of these correctlj read ? (see Sab., i, p. 166 ; Finder and Friedl., Mnmen Justin.^, pp. 29 (note) and 38; de Saulcy, Esaai, p. 15 ; Windisch-Grfttz Cat., No. 112).
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
250 251
252 253 251
Weight
255
256 257
258 259
564 53-8
184 16.3 16-4
66.
75.6 62-5
60-8 46.2
Metal and Size
M .75
jE .7
M -6 JB. 55 Si .55
M .8
M 75
M .7
M .75
M .65
Obverse
Reverse
(Without A)
[PI. xm. 2.]
(Inscr. incomplete)
[Purchased, 1904] [Purchased, 1904]
(ii) Head facing Silver DNIVSTI NVSPPA! FELIX*
Bust of Justin II facing, wearing hel- met and cuii-ass ; 1. hand holds shield with horseman group.
[de Salis gift]
[Blacas, 1867]
[Bank of England gift, 1874]
R E S within wreath. PVBL
[PI. Xin. 3.]
I
Date
Year 1 Year 1
DNIVSTI NVSP
P[A ?]^ Bust of Jus- tin "IE facing, as on No. 252.
[de Salis gift]
[de Salis gift] (Ends PPC)
[Blacas, 1867]
VITI « SlNI
(Ul)
[PI. xni. 4.]
[R Parkes Weber gift,
^ On the legend see Introd., «upro, § 2, * Justin 11*.
' The I is here both the mark of value (10) and the initial of the Emperor's name.
Pinder and Friedl., MQnzen Justinians, p. 50, cite Gorippus, In laudem lustiniy i. 353-6, where the sanctum Iota of Justin's name is mentioned. So also in the same poem (ii. 139 and 140 ; cp. Bury, Hist, Later Rom. Emp., ii, p. 70) it is said that the Emperor raised on a shield at his coronation stetit ut sua rectus littera. For other | coins see p. 101.
JUSTIN n-CARTHAGE
;_M
No. Weight
260 23.3
Metal and Sise
^ .6
261
242.
M 1.3
I
Obverse Reverse
[DNIVSTI NVSPi Y * PA?] Bust of Jus- M+<
tin n &cmg, as on C
No. 252.
[de Sails gift]
(iii) Justin and Sophia (on obv,)
M
DNIVSTI NOETSOFIAV ' M on L, A ; on r., V Boats of Jaetin II and N III
Sophia facing; in ex., N
VITA' O
beneath, S ; above, "f ;
in ex., KAR
My size M ; see Sab., No. 13 ; Photiades Cat., No. 207.
3|C
X
M
DNIVSTINO ET, SOFIEAC Justin H \
and Sophia, wearing I
head-dresses and j
long drapery seated | on r.
facing on double
throne; each rests
r. hand on knee ; :
between heads, |
cross; in ex., VITA'
[Purchased, 1904]
Double-struck
on I., A N N O
K
A
K
Date
10=
574/5
^ The € and C are not very distinct: cp. a specimen referred to by de Saulcy (Essai, p. 25), who attributes it to Gherson, but the obv, very decidedly resembles the obv. of Jostin's African coins, de Saulcy reads the letter on r. as € ; if it could be read O we should have an intelligible monogram of the name of Justin.
* An acclamation for the long life of the Emperor and Empress— ItMftno et Sophiae tita, Cp. Vita ttbiy Felices vivatis, Vivas in Christo, &c., of the inscriptions, and see art. * Acclamations * in Cabrol, Diet, d'arch, chr. It is doubtful whether VITA occurs on the coins earlier than the reign of Justin II ; cp. note on p. 24, note 8, supra. At the coronation of Justin II, according to Corippus, In laud. lustiniy ii 167-9 ; cp. 1.310. Laudibus innumeris regnantum nomina toUunt. lustino vitam ter centum vocibus optant. Aug^stae totidem Sophiae plebs tota reclamat.
The usual formula of the irokvxponovwM €ls woXXa trr) 'qua acclamatione mirum quam (^raeci delectati fuerint : hinc nihil crebrius apud illos quam ilia TroXv^poviaCciv, 9roXuxp<$- w/io, voKvxp^vinv * (Gomm. in Godin., De Off,, cap. xiv, p. 163, ed. Bonn). Such acclama- tions were used at the coronation of an Emperor and Prince ; at tne imperial table (Cod., cap. vii, p. 55, Bonn); at the Christmas Day service attended by the Emperor; "^vXKowTiv ol y^akrai rh itoXvxiioviov (Cod., cap. vi, p. 52), &c.
4754S4
100
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse |
Reverse |
Date |
|
|
262 |
221-8 |
M |
1.1 |
(DNIVSTI SOFIA) [Purchased, 1904] |
[PI. XIII. 6.] |
10= 574/5 |
|
263 |
291.6 |
M 1.15 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
10= 574/5 |
||
|
K |
||||||
|
DNIVSTINOETSO FIAA Busts of Jus- tin II and Sophia facing. Justin wears helmet and cuirass and holds shield with horse- man group ; Sophia is draped and wears tall head-dress ; between heads, cross ; in ex., VITA |
i> on 1., A N N O on r., V III above, + beneath, S in ex., KAK |
|||||
|
264 |
98- |
JE |
.85 |
(Inscr. incomplete), top of head-dress semicircular and ornamented with cross. |
[de Salis gift] [PL XIII. e.] |
8= 572/3 |
|
265 |
117.6 |
M |
•9 |
Top of head-dress pointed. [PL XIII. 7, ofro.] DNIVSTINOETSO FIEAC Justin II and Sophia, wearing head-dresses and long drapery, seated facing on double throne; each rests r. hand on knee; between heads, cross; in ex., VITA |
[Borrell sale, 1852, lot 1065] TwoVictories, r. and 1. , supporting shield ^ ornamented with 5K ; above, cross ; beneath, K (20 nummia). NM |
8= 572/3 |
|
266 |
153.6 |
M |
.9 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
[PI. xm. 8.] |
|
|
267 |
125.1 |
M |
.9 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
||
|
268 |
127.6 |
M |
•9 |
(A for AC) |
^ A circular shield appears to be intended, though on some specimens the form tends to become oval.
|
JUSTIN |
n— CARTHAGE— I, |
TWO BUSTS |
101 |
|||
|
1 Ko. Weight |
Metoland Size |
Obverse i |
Reverse |
Date |
||
|
269 ; 111-3 |
M |
•85 |
(Inscr. obscure) |
|||
|
•270 107-4 1 |
J2 |
.8 |
1 Inscr. Busts of Jus- tin n and Sophia facing, asonNo. 264, supra; between heads, cross; in ex., VITA |
|||
|
nIm |
||||||
|
271 65-2 |
M |
•8 |
DIS ACC (sic). Top of head-dress semi- circular, with pellet in front. |
[PI. XTII. 9.] |
||
|
272 53- |
JE |
•75 |
DIS ACC Head-dress as No. 271. |
|||
|
273 66-8 1 |
J^ |
-7 |
D[IS...?] NSC Head- dress as No. 271. |
|||
|
■274 |
55-6 |
^ |
-7 |
... N Top of head- dress pointed. [Purchased, 1904] |
(Restruck; on rev,^ NVS and traces of helmeted facing head.'^ visible) [PI. xrii. 10.] |
|
|
275 |
638 |
M |
-7 |
DIV Topof head-dress semicircular ? |
[BorreU sale, 1852, lot 1065] |
|
|
27U |
476 |
M |
-7 |
DIV NSC Top of head-dress semi- circular. |
[L. Fraser, 1847] |
|
|
277 |
385 |
M |
•7 |
(Inscr. obscure) [L. Fraser, 1847] |
(Restruck on a coin of Justin II similar to No. 255, sup7'a ; on |
|
|
i obv.^ traces of \ |
||||||
|
! i 1 |
and 1 ; on rev. , traces of Emperor's head facing) |
|||||
|
278 51-8 1 |
^ |
•8 |
... NSC |
(Restruck on a coin of Justin II similar to No. 255) |
||
|
279 |
38-3 |
JE |
-55 |
(Inscr. obscure) [PI. XIII. 11.] |
[L. Fraser, 1847] |
A I
102
IMPERIAL BY7ANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse Reveree |
Date |
||
|
vrn. SICILY |
||||||
|
X |
||||||
|
DNIVI IVNI Bust of Justin n facing, wearing helmet and cuirass; border of dots. |
/\ in each angle, star ; whole in wreath. |
|||||
|
280 |
47. |
JE |
.6 |
[PI, XTIL 12.] |
||
|
IX. ROME |
||||||
|
XX |
||||||
|
DNIV S TINVSPP AVC Justin n (on 1.) and Sophia (on r.), wearing tall head- dresses and long drapery, seated &cing on double throne. Justin holds in r. globus cr. ; Sophia holds in r. cruciform sceptre ; above heads, cross. |
XX above, cross; beneath, KOM |
|||||
|
281 |
79-3 |
M |
.85 |
|||
|
282 |
54.5 |
M |
.8 |
[Presented by Mr. Lockyer, 1848] |
||
|
283 |
61-5 |
M |
75 |
(DNIVSTINVSPPA) |
[Purchased, 1904] |
|
|
284 |
74. |
JE |
.8 |
(DNIVSTINVSPPA) (no cross) |
(Exergual line in- serted) [Northwick sale, 1860] [n. Ton. 18.] |
|
|
285 |
67. |
M |
.8 |
(DNIVSTINVSPPA) (no cross) |
(Exergual line in- [Northwick sale, I860] |
|
|
286 |
79.7 |
M |
.8 |
(DNIVSTINV S PPA VCC (Justin nim- bate) (no cross) |
[Purchased, 1864] |
JUSTIN n— RAVENNA— GOLD
103
|
Ha Weight |
Metal and Size |
ObYerse |
Reverse |
Date |
|
|
X. RAVENNA > Solidus |
|||||
|
DNI VSTI NVSPPA VC Bust of Justin n facing; wears hel- met with plume and armour ; his r. hand holds globe sur- mounted by Victory r. extending wreath to his head ; his 1. hand supports shield with horseman |
VICTOW AAVCCC Constantinople seated on throne facing, looking r. ; she wears helmet, tunic and mantle; r. leg uncovered ; onr. shoulder, aegis; r. hand holds spear ; 1. hand holds globus cr.; in ex., CO NOB |
||||
|
group. |
|||||
|
287 |
674 |
N .85 |
S : at end of inscr. |
||
|
288 |
68.7 |
M .9 |
[Northwick sale, 1860] |
Z at end of inscr. |
|
|
289 |
70. |
^f .8 |
(AVI) [PI. Xlll. 14.] |
1 at end of inscr. [Royal Collection] |
|
|
Semissis |
|||||
|
DNIVSTI NVSPPA VC Bust of Justin n r., wearing diadem, cuirass and paluda- mentum. |
VICTORIAAVCCC Victory wearing mantle over lower limbs seated r. on shield and cuirass ; on her knees she supports a shield on which with her r. hand she is writing ; |
||||
|
in front, T; behind. |
|||||
|
star;inex.,CONOB |
|||||
|
290 |
34- |
M .65 |
[de Salis gift] |
[PI. xni. 16.] |
^ The bracteate-like fabric and prominent relief of these gold coins prove that they vere Btruck in Italy, and I am inclined to regard them as Imperial issues of the Ravenna (ponbly the Roman) mint. That there was an Imperial mint for gold coins in Italy is io itself probable, and at Ravenna at the end of tne sixth century we find mentions of tlte ttnntttift aureae tnassae and of the monetarii auri (Diehl, UExarchat de Ravenne, P* 164). The exarch was liberally supplied from the Imperial treasury at Constanti- nople. ThuB, in A.D. 577, 3,000 pouncfc of gold were sent to him (Diehl, p. 200).
104
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
291 292 293
Metal and
Weight -—
21.
20.7
22.7
N .65 N 7
N .7
Obverse
Reverse
Date
I
Tremissis DNIVSTI NVSPP, VICTORIAAVCVS
AVC BustofJustinll r., wearing" diadem, cuirass and paluda- mentum.
[Purchased, 1904]
[Pembroke sale, 1848, lot 1456]
(AVI)
[C. A. Murray, 1849]
TORVM Victory
in chiton advancing* ' to front, looking I. ; in r., wreath; ' in L, globus cr. ; in field r., star; in I ex., CONOB (type | rude).
(N for M)
[PI, xni. 16.]
(N for M)
COINS wrm the name of justin ii not struck at the
IMPERIAL MINTS,
Gold. — Lombardic Imitations (.?). * Solidi ' of ruder work and more blundered than those described supra under ' Ravenna ^ ' Tremisses * of ruder work, especially on the rev,^ than those described supra under * Ravenna '.
Gaulish Imitations, — See Babelon, Trait^^ i, p. 640.
105
TIBERIUS II CONSTANTINUS
CAESAR (under Justin 11), Decembeb, a. d. 674 — Septembeb, 578. AUGUSTUS AND SOLE RULER, 26 SeptJ, a. d. 578—13 August, 582.
Mints =rL Constantinople; IL Thessalonica ; ICL Nicomedia; IV. Cyzicos; T. Antioch ; YL Alexandria ; VIE. Carthage ; VIII. Rome ; IX. Ravenna.
No. ! Weight
Metal and
1
67.8
N .8
Obverse
Reverse
L CONSTANTINOPLE Gold Medallions
Tiberius II sent as presents to Chilperic, kine of the Franks, gold coins each weighing a pound. On the €hv, was the inscription TIBER II CON- STANTINI PERPETVI AVQVSTI and the image of the Emperor; on the t-ev. GLORIA ROMANORVM and a chariot and charioteer. These coins were shown by the king to Gregory of Tours (Hist. Franc., vi, 2), but are not now known to exist. In general appearance they must have resembled the large gold medallion of Justinian I described supra, p. 25. As to gold medallions of this kind sent by emperors to barbarian princes, see Babelon in Rev, num,, 1906, pp. 185-9.
Soli
-DmribCONS TAN TPPAVI Bust of Tiberias IE facing, wearing crown (with circular orna- ment in front and surmounted by cross) and armour ; in r., globus cr. ; L holds shield with horseman device.
[Purchased, 1904]
dus
VICTOM AAVCC
Cross potent on four steps; in ex., CO NOB*
A at end of inscr.
Date
] Justin II died 5 October, 578, after inaugurating Tiberius as Emperor in the previous month.
'Most specimens of this type are of very careless work on the obv., but in spite of this they are probably of the Imperial mint ; at any rate they have not the unmis- takable fabric of Italy. This type of the solidus was probably issued in the first few months of the reign, if we may judge by comparing the obv, type of the M M coins (tn/m, No. 18) struck at Constantinople in year * 4 ' (Sept.-Nov. A. D. 578).
106
IMPERIAL BYZAIJTINE COINS
No. 2
3
4 5
10
11
Weight
65-6
68-2
67.2 69.1
67.8
67.5 67.8
63. 67.5
68.7
Metal and Size
N .8
iJ .8
AT .85
N .8
N .85
N .8
AT .8
iJ .8
M .85
A^ .85
Obverse
Revene
[Purchased, 1904]
(DNforT>m) [de Salis gift]
[Rich]
(AV for AVI) [Blacas, 1867]
(AVC) [Purchased, 1853]
[Royal Collection]
(AVC)
[Purcliased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. xin, 18.]
•OmTlbCONS TAN TPPAVI Bust of Tiberius 11 facing, wearing" crown (surmounted by gl. cr.) and armour ; in r., globus cr. ; 1. holds shield with horseman device.
CONSTANTA qCU mF€LIX (i.e. Vivat felix) Bust of Ti- berius II facing (as CJonsul).* In up- lifted r., mappa ; in 1., sceptre sur- mounted by eagle with spread wings, and above it, cross. The Emperor wears cro\>Ti, surmounted by cross, and con- sular robes (tunic and embroidered scarf).
B at end of inscr. [PI. XIII. 17.]
r at end of inscr. *
€ at end of inscr. ?■ at end of inscr.
Z at end of inscr.'
0 at end of inscr.
1 at end of inscr.
0?" at end of inscr. (in ex., OB+3IC instead ofCONOB).»
mCTORTI [b]€RI AMS Cross potent on
four steps; in ex.,
CONOB [RoUin sale, London,
1853, lot 245] [PI, XIII. 19.]
MICTORTI b€RIAMS
Cross potent on four steps; in ex., CO NOB [Blacas, 1867] [PI. Xin, 20.]
Date
^ One with A ; in private poBsession, 1905.
* H at end of inscr. : see de Saulcy, Easaiy PL III. 6 ; and Ponton d*Am^coart CW., No. 880 (Lombardic).
' A similar exergue on a solidus of Phocas described infm ; PI. XX. 5.
^ Represented like the consuls on the ivory diptycbs of the fifth and sixth centuries;
TIBERIUS n— CONSTANTINOPLE— M
107
Mo. ! Wei^t
12 13
272 34-3
15 16
17
22.5 219
22-6
224
Metal and Size
N .7 N .75
N .65 JV .7 JV .6
N .6
Obvene
Reverse
Semissis
■OmCOSTANTIN
VSPPAC Bust of Tiberius U r., wear- ing diadem, palu- damentum and cuirass.
[Purchased, 1904]
[C. A. Murray, 1849]
Tremissis "OmCOSTANTlN j mCTORTIbCMAMS
yiCTORTIbCMAyS
Gross potent, be- neath which, globus (circle with pellet in centre) ; in ex., CONOB
[PL XIV. 1.]
VSPPAC Bust of I Tiberius 11 r., wear- ing diadem, cuirass and paludamentum.
[C. A. Murray, 1849]
[C. A, Murray, 1849]
(DmCOSTAN TIN VSPPAI)
romcosTAN tin
VSPPAI)
Crosspotent; in ex., CONOB
[PL XIV. a.]
(VCITORTIbCMA VS)
[C. A. Murray, 1849] [PL xrv. 8.]
AHSn for AMS) A. Murray, 1849]
(A«
[C.
Silver A silver ' medallion ' (of Constantinople ?),
rev. ^, is figured in Photiades CaL^ PL I, No. 225. See also under 'Carthage* and ' Ravenna ' infra.
M
(sic) Buj
OmTlbCON
TANTSPPAV Bust ofTiberius Ilfacing, wearing crown (sur- mounted by cross) and armour; in r., globus cr. ; 1. liolds shield with horse- man device. (Cp. the solidi«M«ra, first type, Nos. 1-9).
M on 1., A N N O
above, H^ in ex., CON
Date
cp. especially the diptychs of Anastasius (Diehl, Justinien, jp. 255) ; Magnns (ibid., p- 111) ; Areobindns (ibid., p. 453) ; Boethius (Daremberg ajid Saglio, i, p. 1478).
This type of the Bolidus was probably struck some time between Decemb^, 578, and November, 579, because a similar obv. begins to appear on the bronze coins of Constanti- nople and provincial mints in year '5 ' = 578/9. The type commemorates the first consulship of Tiberius II ; cp. Pauly-Wissowa, art. 'Consul *, p. 1137.
108
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse |
Reverse |
Data |
|
18 |
235.7 |
jE 1.3 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
Beneath, A: on r., li |
4= |
|
[PI, XIV. 4.] |
il |
577/8' |
|||
|
19 |
203-7 |
JE 1.25 |
(A for AV) |
Beneath, A; on r., il |
4= |
|
[Purchased, 1904] |
ii |
577/8 |
|||
|
•OmTlbCONS TAN |
m on L, A |
||||
|
TPPAVI Bust of |
N |
||||
|
Tiberius 11 facing |
N |
||||
|
(as Consul). In up- |
0 |
||||
|
lifted r.,mappa; in |
above, cross. |
||||
|
L, sceptre sur- |
|||||
|
mounted by eagle |
|||||
|
with spread wings, |
|||||
|
and above it, cross.* |
|||||
|
1 |
The Emperor wears |
||||
|
1 |
crown (surmounted |
||||
|
by cross, and with |
|||||
|
circular ornament |
|||||
|
in centre'), and |
|||||
|
consular robes |
|||||
|
(tunic and embroi- dered scarf). |
|||||
|
20 |
234.2 |
JE 1.45 |
Onr.,q;inex.,CONB |
5= 578/9 |
|
|
21 |
2724 |
JE 1.45 |
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. XIV. 6.] |
Onr.,M;inex.,CONB |
5= 578/9 |
|
22 |
277. |
M 1.45 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
Onr.,M;inex.,CONr |
5= 578/9 |
|
23 |
273.2 |
M 1.35 |
On r., M (obscure) ; in ex., CONr |
5= 578/9 |
|
|
24 |
253. |
M 1.45 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
Onr.,M;inex.,CONA |
5= 578/9 |
|
25 |
275.2 |
M 1.4 |
[de Salis gift] |
Onr.,t|;inex.,CON€ |
5= |
|
578/9 |
^ Tiberius II dates his * reign* from his creation (under Justin II) as Caesar in December, 574; cp. Da Gange, Gloss., vol. vii, p. 155 (Diss, de num. §xxiii). Year '4* therefore corresponds to December, 577-November, 578. As he did not become Emperor till September, 578, the exact date of the present specimen is doubtless September, October, or November of a. d. 578. In fabric, and in the details of the rev,, this coin closely resembles the Constantinople M coin of Justin II struck a.d. 576/7 (s^year 12) ; mtfra, p. 82, No. 81. There is stated {Rev, beige, 1862, p. 184) to be a Constantinopolitan coin with the date ' year 1 '. On this date see note, p. 126, infra.
' On the later coins (vear 7, &c.) the cross forms the top of the sceptre.
' A circle with a pellet in the centre, probably a jewel. On some specimens it seems to form a globus on which the cross rests ; cp. the t^v, of the semissis 9upra,No. 12.
TTBERIUS n— CONSTANTINOPLE— m
109
Ko.
26
28 29
31
32
33 34 35
36 37
|
Weight |
Metal and Size |
|
256.5 |
M 1-4 |
|
159-3 |
M 1. |
|
200. |
M 1.2 |
|
177.7 {pierced) |
M 1.3 |
|
158.8 |
M 1.25 |
|
182. |
M 1.2 |
|
20a6 |
JB 1-3 |
|
170.3 |
M 1.2 |
|
173. |
M 1-25 |
|
203- |
JE 1.2 |
|
178.7 |
M M |
|
206.7 |
-E 1.15 |
Obverse
Reverse
[Purchased, 1904] Onr.,t|;mei.,CON€ (pellet near centre of coin)
[de Sails gift]
(CO NS,&c.) [Borrell sale, 1852, lot 1066]
(CO NS, &c.) [Purchased, 1904]
(CON §,&c.) [Borrell sale, 1852, lot 1066]
(CON S,&c.) [PI. xrv. 6.]
(CO NS,&c.) [Purchased, 1904]
(CON S,&c.)
(CON S, &c.) [Purchased, 1904]
(CO NS, &c. A- for AVI)
(T>mTI[bCON]ST ANT PPAy)
[de Sails gift]
([■D]mTbCON ST A TPPAI)
[Purchased, 1904]
On r., y inei., CON(Zi?)'
On r., <il in ex., CONA
On r., ^1 in ex., CONB
On r., <il in ex., CONB
On r., ^1 in ex., CONr
On r., ^1 in ex., CONA
On r., ^1 in ex., CON€
Onr.,^;inex.,CONA II
Onr.,^;inex.,CONB 11
Onr.,<i;inex.,CONr 11
Onr.,^;inex.,CON€ II
Date
5=
578/9
5= 578/9«
7=
580/1
7=
580/1
7= 580/1
7= 580/1
7= 580/1
7= 580/1
8= 581/2
8= 581/2
8= 581/2
8= 581/2
' Nos. 20-26 are of fairly good work on the cbv. and are struck on broad, spread flans ; evidently an effort was made at the Constantinople mint (and some of the pro- vincial mints) to give eclat to the new emperor's assumption of the consulate in ' year 5 '. No. 27 was probably struck at the end of 'year 5 ', and shows Hike the coins that follow) a change for the worse. The obv. work is much coarser, the fabric thicker, the module nsaallysmaller, and the weijjht considerably diminished.
* Tear 6 is represented in Fhotiades Cat., No. 227.
110
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obyeree Revene 1 |
Date |
|
|
XXX^ |
|||||
|
■OmTlbCONS TAN TPPAVI Bust of Tiberius II facing; wears crown (sur- mounted by cross and with circular ornament in cen- tre), paludamentum and cuirass. His hands are not repre- sented. |
/\/\/\ above, cross. |
||||
|
38 |
115.1 |
M 1.05 |
(CO NS, &c.) (A for AVI) |
In ex., CONA [Purchased, 1904] [PI. XIV, 7.] |
|
|
39 |
199.6 |
M 1-4 |
[PI. XIV. 8.] |
In ex., CONB |
|
|
40 |
170.4 |
M 1-25 |
[de Salis gift] |
In ex., CONr |
|
|
41 |
184.4 |
M 1.35 |
[de Salis gift] |
In ex., CONA |
|
|
42 |
170-6 |
JE 1.15 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
In ex., CON€ |
|
|
XX |
|||||
|
•OmTlbCONSTAN TPPAVI Bust of Tiberius II facing; wears plumed hel- met and armour ; r. hand holds globus cr. ; L holds shield with horseman device. |
XX above, cross. |
||||
|
43 |
694 |
M 1. |
(C[0]N S,&c.) |
In ex., CONA [Purchased, 1904] |
|
|
44 |
109.4 |
M 1. |
(CON S,&c.) (AV) |
In ex., CONB [Purchased, 1904] |
|
|
45 |
121.8 |
M 1.25 |
(CONS TANT, &c.) |
In ex., CONr [de Salis gift] [PI, XTV. 9,] |
|
|
46 |
1044 : |
M .85 |
(-OmTlbCO NSTA NPPA) |
Inex., CONA» |
A new denomination introduced by Tiberius II.
With CONE, M^m. 80c. d'arcK St, P^ersb., iv (1850), p. 308 ; Sab., PI. 28. 8.
TIBERIUS n - CONSTAMTNOPLB— M
111
KiLjWaglit
66-
sas
60.2 50^3
592
45-
29.2
{pierved)
55.6
31-7
Metal and Sise
M .8
M -9
M -8
JE .75
M -85
JE .65
M .7
M .7
^ .7
ObTene
Rerone
Date
•OmTlbCONS TAN PPAVI Bust of Tiberius II facing ; wears crown (with cross and circular ornament '), pala- damentum and cuirass. (Hands not represented.)
[de Salis gift]
romTbCO TANP PAV)
(CO S, &c.)
(CO S, &c.) [Purchased, 1904]
(CO S,&c.) [de Salis gift]
(Inscr. partly obscure ; rude work).
CpmTIb CONTP P\) (double-struck)
X
above, cross.
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. XIV. 10,]
[PI. XIV. 11.] [de Salis gift]
I
NTb€ PPAV Bust ofTiberius II facing ; wears crown, sur- mounted by cross, cuirass and paluda- mentum.
[PI. XIV, 12.]
1 above, cross ; on L, star; in ex., CoN
On r., A»
^ (5 nummia)
"OmTIb PPAVI Bust of Tiberius II r., wearing diadem, paludamentum and cuirass.
[de Salis gift]
[PI. xrv. 18.]
* As on the * XXX * coins, suj^tn.
* Cp. Sab., No. 34, with €.
112
BIPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
56 57
58
Weight
28.5 242 42.1
59
Metal and Size
^ .7
jE .6 JE .7
97.4
60
86.
M 1.
M .8
Obverse
[de Salis gift]
[de Salis gift]
(. ..IBCO TANP PAV)
Reverse
[Purchased, 1904 »]
IL THESS^UiONICA
DNTIb€R
Tiberius 11 (on 1.) and the Empress Anastasia (on r.) nimbate, seated facing on double throne. They sup- port between them globe with long cross; Emperor holds sceptre in r. ; Empress holds in 1. a similar sceptre.'
[Purchased, 1904]
•OmTlbCONS TAN TPPAVI Tiberius H and Empress (Ana- stasia) nimbate and crowned, seated facing on double throne; Emperor (on 1.) holds in r. globus cr. ; Empress holds in r. sceptre. Above their heads, small cross.
[Purchased, 1904]
V above, cross ; beneatii, T€S ; on 1., A
N
N
O
Date
On r., I
[P1.XV. 1.]
K above, cross ; beneath, T€S ; on L, A
N
N
O
On r., g
[n, XV. 2.]
5=
578/9
^ This specimen was formerly in the Soleirol collection, «and was figured in de Saulcy, Ess., PI. III. 10. It was bought by the Museum of MM. Rollin.
* This oibv, type differs somewhat from those that follow. It is copied froixL an obv. of Justin II and Sophia, but curiously enough not from the o6p. used under Justin at Thessalonica, but from one that appeared on the coins of Antioch; PI. XII. 10. Other coins (with cbv, like No. 60, infra) nave year III (Sab., No. 41 ; Mim, aoc, iTareh, &. P(it,y iv (1850), p. 305; Photiades Cat, No. 237). Sabatier, No. 28 (^Mim. soc d'arck. 8t. Pit,, iy (lo50), p. 304), describes another piece with year II and with obv. Bust of Tiberius II (alone) facing. Does the coin really belong to the Thessalonica mint, and is Sabatier*s reading T€b correct ? On the date I, see infra, p. 126.
TIBERTOS n— NICOMEDIA-M
113
Ro. 61
64
65
67
Weight
76-9
88-8 72-2 96-4
70
251. 260-2 193-1 207-8
111-6 (i0om)
207-2
Metal and Size
M -85
M 14 M 1-5 M 1-1 M 1-2
M 1-05
M 1-1
Obvene
Bevene
[Presented by Mr. Rohde Hawkins, 1848]
Doable-stmck. [Purchased, 1904]
[de Sails gift]
On r., g
On r., U
On r,, m On r., l|j
m. NICOMEDIA
M
•OmTlbCONS TAN TPPAVC Bust of Tiberius II ^as Consnl)&clng,hold- ing mappa and sceptre (as No. 20, supra).
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. XV. 8.]
[Northwlcksale,1860]
(A/C) [Purchased, 1904]
[Borrell sale, 1852, lot 1066]
(Endof inscr. obscure) Crown and dress varied ; no cross above sceptre.
[Borrell sale, 1852, lot 1066]
(A/C)
[Campana sale, 1846, lot 1044]
m on L, A
N O
above, cross.
On r., ^ in ex, NiKOA
On r., ^ in ex., NIKOB
On r., ^1 in ex., NiKOA
On r., <il in ex., NIKOB
On r., <il inex., NIKO(B?)'
On r., <il I inex., NIKOrB?) [PI. XV. 4.J
Date
5=
578/9
5=
578/9
6= 579/80
8= 581/2
6s
579/80
6=
579/80
7=
580/1
7=
580/1
7= 580/1
8= 581/2
* The obt. resembles a
coin of year 7 of the Cyzicus mint described infra ^ No. 78.
114
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
71
72
73 74
75
Weight
193.
182.6
133.7 90-6
81.7
Metal and Size
^ 1.3
^ 125
M 11
M .9
JE .95
Obverse
Reverse
XXX
T)mTlbCONSTAN TPPAVC Bust of Tiberius 11 facing, wearing crown, paludamentum and cuirass. His hands are not represented. (As No. 38, supra,)
[de Salis gift]
[Blacas, 1867]
XXX above, cross.
Inex., NIKOA [PL XV. 6,]
Inex., NIKOB
XX
T)mTIBCONS TAN TPPA/C Bust of Tiberius 11 facing ; wears plumed hel- met and armour; r. hand holds globus cr. ; 1. holds shield with horseman device. [Purchased, 1904]
(CON for CONS) [PI. XV. e.]
XX
above, cross.
Inex., NIKOA
Inex., NIKO(A)» [de Salis gift]
•om PPA
(WCy Tiberius H crowned and Ana- stasia nimbate seated facing. Emperor (on 1.) holds globus cr. ; Empress holds in r. cruciform sceptre. Above their heads, small cross.
[PI. XV. 7.]
XX above, cross.
Inex., NIKOB
Date
' With B in ex. Sab., No. 21 ; Mdm. soc, cTarch. St. Pit., iv (1850), p. 303. Sab., No. 22, describes a specimen with the numerals H (2) in the field.
' The name is wanting, but the form "OrO leaves little doubt that it is a coin of Tiberias II. Sab., vol. i, p. 228, No. 28, describes (correctly ?) a nearly similar coin as of Justin II and Sophia.
HBERIUS n— OPTICUS— M, ETC.
115
Ho.
Weight
76
77
78
79
242.2
235.
166-7
194 5
Metal and Size
M 1-45
M 1-4
M 1-1
M 14
Obverse
Reverse
IV. CYZICUS
M
■OmTlbCONS TAN ITl on L, A
TPPAVC Bust of Tiberias U (as Con- sul) facing, holding mappa and sceptre (as No. 20, supra).
[de Salis gift] [PI. XV, 8.]
[Borrell sale, 1852, lot 1066]
(Ends PPAV)
^Crown and dress varied ; no cross above sceptre.) [Purchased, 1904]
N N O above, cross.
Onr.,H;inex.,KYZA
Onr.,H;inex.,KYZA
Onr.,<il;inex.,KY2' [PI. XV, 9.]
XXX
T>nnTlbCO NS TA XXX above, cross. NTPPAYI Bust of
Tiberius 11 facingr,
wearing- crown, |
paludamentum and
cuirass. His hands '
are not repre^iented.
(As No. 38, sujjra.)
[North wicksale, 1860] In ex., KYZA
[PL XV. 10.]
XX
de Saulcy (^Rev. Nuvi. iv (1839), p. 248) describes a coin (Soleirol Coll.) with rev.
XX
in field r., II ; in ex., KYZA
Date
5= 578/9
5=
578/9
7= 580/1
' The ebo. resembles a coin of Nicomedia of year 7 described eupra. No. 69.
116
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
80 81 82 83 84
85
86
87
Weight
182.7
198-7
173-
1954
205.6
185.3
167.
198.8
Metal and Size
M 1.25
JS 1.25
^ 1.2
M 1.2
M 1.15
M 1.15
M 1.25
M 1.2
Obverse
Beyene
V. ANTIOCH
M
Inscr.» Bust of Ti- berius II facing (as Consul); wears consular robes and crown surmounted by trefoil device. In upraised r., mappa ; in L , sceptre surmounted by eagle.
T) hTATIOCiw iw TANPP\
PDTAri
Asgr
PCCT
.^ iwANTA
IPP
T) nriNOCir
NITIPPIV
niTNOCs/^ ANPPIV
ivAIT
nriNOCs/^
TAPP.
HTNIOCv/^ lATAPPV
iwTIAN
^ITA
111 above, cross ; on L, A
N
N
O in ex., rHCgPX
On r., I On r., I Onr., II
Onr., II
[de Salis gift]
Onr., II
[Presented by Mr. H. M. Jewitt, 1887]
Onr., Ill
[Northwicksale,1860] [PI. XVI. 1.]
Onr., Ill
[Northwicksale,1860]
T>NTI[b?]CON
NTPPA5 Bust of Tiberius 11 facing; wears armour and crown surmounted by cross. In r., globus cr. ; L, holds shield with horse- man device ; in field r., cross.
[de Salis gift] [PI, XVI. 2.J
M
above, cross ; on 1., A
N
N
O in ex., rH€yP/
On r., II ; beneath, T II
' The inscription, as in the case of Antioch coins of the previous reisn (Justin 11), is almost invariably blundered. It appears correctly, or at anj rate not badly blundered, on Nob. 94, 96, injfa. As to the dates, see infra, p. 125.
TIBERIUS n-AOTlOCH
-M
117
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
|
88 |
2362 |
M 1-2 |
|
89 |
181-7 {piereedj |
M 1-2 |
|
90 |
1904 |
JE 1-2 |
|
91 |
199.2 |
M 1-15 |
|
92 |
170.2 |
M 1-15 |
|
93 |
191. |
JE 1-2 |
|
94 |
218.3 |
M 1-3 |
|
95 |
238.8 |
M 1-3 |
|
96 |
185-5 |
M 1-2 |
|
97 |
199. |
JE 1-2 |
|
98 |
174.6 |
M 1-1 |
|
99 |
183-2 |
JE 1-25 |
|
100 |
179-5 |
JE 1-2 |
ObTerae
(Inscr.partlyobscure)
Inscr. Bust of Ti- berias n facing, as Consul (as No. 80).
nVNOCv* iN,TAIT APPIV
nriNocu «wiANi
TAPPV
nNTC. iwTAMTA <1<!IV
niTINCOv* *mIAII TAPPIV
...AIOCv» »wlTAIA TAPPV
•DNTISCON TAN.. PAV
nTl8C0N . TAINT PPV.
"OmTlbCON TANT PPAT
TirPy...ACCAPP TDSAIV
rOANTIS? TNUn CALTv.
niTNCv* «,ITIAT APPIV
niTITNCv/* «vAIN TIAPPV-
BevetM
Onr., II ; beneath, T II
111 above, cross ;
onL, A
N
N
O
in ex., THCUPX >
Onr., Onr.^ Onr., Onr.,
On r., t|
[de Salis gift]
On r., q (rHCyPO [Purchased, 19(tf|
On r., ^
[BoneU sale, 1852, lot 1066]
On r., ^1
On r., ^1
[de Salis gift]
On r., ^ II [Purchased, 1904]
On r., II
g
[de Salis gift] Onr., 11
Date
4 4 4 4 5 5 6
7 7 7
' An abbreviation mark, sometimes resembling /.
118
IMPERIAL BYZAI<[TINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse |
Reverse |
Date |
|
101 |
191-5 |
M 1-2 |
•D mTIPCON. .mA lANTPPA |
On r., <ill |
8 |
|
102 |
1945 |
M 1-15 |
DmrmcoNS tan TPAVI |
On r., ^ III [de Salis gift] > |
8 |
|
103 |
174-5 |
M 1-1 |
DrnTNCONS TAN PPAVI |
On r., Ill g [de Salis gift] |
8 |
|
104 |
180-5 |
M 1-2 |
mimTITNOIT NIN |
On r.. Ill U [Purchased, 1904] |
8 |
|
105 |
180- |
M 1-2 |
•DrnTIUCONS [T AN]PPAV[I ?] |
On r., y nil [de Salis gift] |
9 |
|
106 |
170-5 (pierced) |
M 1-2 |
•OmTIACOU IS.AI NTPPITV |
On r., <illll (double- struck =<illl) [PI. XVI. 8.] |
9 |
|
XXX |
|||||
|
omTbbCO NSTAN TPP Bust of Ti- berius n facing. |
XXX above, cross ; in ex., THeUP' |
||||
|
wearing crown and consular dress. His hands are not repre- sented.* |
|||||
|
107 |
135-3 |
M 1-05 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
[PL XVL 4.] |
|
|
K |
|||||
|
ONTIOCON TANT PPA Bust of Ti- berius II facing, wearing crown and armour; in r. , globus cr. ; 1., holds shield with horseman de- vice. In field r., |
K above, cross ; beneath, E on L, A N N 0 |
||||
|
108 |
121- |
M 1- |
cross, [de Salis gift] |
On r., nil' [PL XVI. 6.] |
4 |
^ Another coin (sulphur cast in British Museum) is in all respects similar to No. 102, except that on the rev. m is represented bv M, beneath which is the officina numeral r.
^ On the XXX coins of other mints the Emperor is represented in paludamentum and cuirass.
^ Cp. Sab., No. 26, obv, consular bust; rev. K, anno II and T.
TIBERIUS n— ANnOCH
-XX
119
|
5o. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse |
Reverse |
Date |
|
|
XX |
||||||
|
Tnscr. Bust of Ti- berias n facing, as Consul (as No. 80). |
/\*/\ above, cross ; beneath, C onL, A N N |
|||||
|
109 |
94. |
M |
.9 |
niTIOCv* -AITP PIV |
0 Onr., 11 |
2 |
|
110 |
95. |
M |
•9 |
niMOP- IN.APP-V |
On r., II [de Salis gift] |
2 |
|
111 |
94-7 |
M |
•85 |
niTATI^ iN,MVPPT IV |
Onr., II |
2' |
|
112 |
63.5 |
M |
.75 |
niAINCv* #wANAN PIV |
On r., ^ [Purchased, 1904] |
5 |
|
113 |
85.4 |
M |
•9 |
niTTTCN?] IN.A.. PPIV |
On r., ^ [Purchased, 1904] |
5 |
|
114 |
85. |
M |
.95 |
n v» «N*IPPA N\/(?) Inscr. Bust of Ti- berius n facing, holding globus cr., &c. (as No. 87). |
On r., ^ [de Salis gift] [PI. XVI. e.] X*X above, cross ; beneath, C on 1., A N N |
5 |
|
115 |
94.4 |
M |
.85 |
•OmTIOCO. . IN.N TPPAV |
O On r., <il [Purchased, 1904] |
7 |
|
116 |
loa? |
M |
.9 |
■omTioco. .«N*N TPPAV Inscr. Bust of Ti- berius n feeing, as Consul (as No. 80). |
On r., <il f de Salis gift] /\*/\ above, cross ; beneath, C on L, A N N 0 |
7 |
|
117 |
86. |
M |
.9 |
-nrioc- -AHs TIV |
Onr.,<ill [de Salis gift] |
8 |
> With year 3, Sab., PI. XXIII. 13.
120
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
Weight
118
119
120
121 122 123
102.7
53.3
45-8
43-5 43.3 534
124 478
Metal and
JXj 'O
M .75
M .7
JE .75 M .75 JE .75
M .75
Obyerse
niTNI..iw....PPV
Reverse
Onr., Ill (R fore) ^
I
[DNTIbCONS?] TA NTbbA.. Bust of Tiberius II facing, holding globus cr., &c. (as No. 87). In field r., cross.
[de Salis gift]
•OmTNCO ANPP/ Bust of Tiberius 11 facing, as Consul (as No. 80).
[Purchased, 1904]
Inscr. Bust of Ti- berius n facing, as Consul (as No. 80).
TITITPA.^
RTIT
DTIT.v/^ -^TPPW
[D]NTIPCON A...
. . Bust of Tiberius IE facing, holding globus cr., &c. (as No. 87). In field r., cross.
[PL XVI. 8.]
1 above, cross ; on L, A
N
N
O in ex., THCgP
Onr., in II [PL XVI. 7.]
1 above, cross ; on L, A
N
N
O in ex., rHCgP
On r., M III
/\ above, cross ; beneath, ^ on L, A
N
N
O
On r., I [Purchased, 1904]
On r., I
[de Salis gift]
Onr., 11 [Purchased, 1904]
/\ above, cross ; beneath, ^ on L, A
N
N
O
On r., ^
Another specimen, Mem. soc. cTafxh, St. FH., iv (1850), p. 305.
TIBERIUS n— ALEX^VNDRIA
121
Weight
50-
58-
474
38.6
50.
45.6
294
Metal and Size
M .7
M .8
M .75
-Aj -O
JE .7
JE -7
JE .7
735
66.6
76-3 71.
Obvetse
Bust of Tiberius 11 facing, as Coiisxil (as No. 80).
RHTIAC */»THm H.?
SVTCAW?
nTIOIiw .\2TPPY3 XMDTW.TANPA
"OmTIO. VAIT. [Purchased, 1904]
•DITlTmC. TANPP
[de Salis gift] [PL XVI. 9.]
OSMRIT
Revene
/\ above, cross ; beneath, C on L, A
N
N
O
On r., q
[de Salis gift]
On r., ^
[de Salis gift]
On r., ^1 [Purchased, 1904]
On r., II
g
Onr., ^11 (r instead of t) •
On r., t| III (R. instead of C)
On r., Ill
g
[Purchased, 1904]
VI. ALEXANDRIA
Date
IB
M .65
M -6
JE -6
M .65
DmCONSTANTIN VPPA> Bust of Ti- berius II r. wearing diadem,paludamen- tum and cuirass.
[de Salis gift]
(. PTA3VI") Tjrpe barbarous.
I+D; inex., AA€Z
Beneath cross, pellet (d^ for A)
(5 for E)
[PI. XVI. 10.]
5
6 7 7 8 8
' In spite of the absence of C the coin is clearly of Antioch. The officina T is found on other coins of this mint ; see Nos. 87 and 88, supra, also notes to Nos. 102 and 108. * Fart of the inscription often off the flan.
|
122 |
IMPERIAL BYZA2JT1NE COINS |
|||||
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
ObTene |
Bevene |
Date |
|
|
DPnCONSTANTIN VPPA Bust of Ti- berius n r. , wearing diadein,paludamen- tum and cuirass ; holds globus cr. |
1+D ; in ex., AA€Z |
|||||
|
136 |
711 |
M |
.65 |
(DmCONST ANTI NV) |
||
|
137 |
66.2 |
JE |
.65 |
[Presented by Mr. G. Macleay] |
||
|
138 |
84.4 |
M |
.6 |
( TINP?) |
||
|
139 |
62.5 |
JE |
•55 |
(. AT2VION) |
[PL XVI. 11,] |
|
|
140 |
71.7 |
M |
.65 |
(moA ) |
||
|
141 |
67.3 70.7 |
M JE |
•6 .6 |
(mon . . ) |
||
|
142 |
( NV) |
(Between iD, T on steps, instead of +) |
||||
|
143 |
523 |
^ |
.6 |
(DmCONSTA NT.) |
(Similar to No. 142) |
|
|
144 |
56. |
^ |
.6 |
( INVI) |
(Similar to No. 142) [PI. XVI, 12, rev.] |
|
|
145 |
75.2 |
JE |
•6 |
(DmIONS ) |
(Similar to No. 142) |
|
|
Vn. CARTHAGE |
||||||
|
Silver |
||||||
|
Inscr. Bust of Ti- berius n facing, wearing helmet (or crown) and cuirass. |
LV XM Crosspotent; VNDI above each arm, pellet; whole in palm-wreath. |
|||||
|
146 |
17.6 |
M |
.55 |
DNTIbTCONS] TAN TIPP |
[Purchased, 1864] |
TIBERIUS n— ROME
1*23
Mo. , Weigfat
147 17-7
148
149 150
151
152
153 154
9.7
82.7 99.7
86.1
75.5
77.3 97-7
Hetaland Size
Obvewe
JR -55
M 45
JE -8
M -85
M .8
M .8
M -8
JE .9
165 I 65.7 JE .8 (,
DNTIb.. VSPPA
. ... NSTAN... Bast of Tiberias 11 fiiciiig,'inlielmet (or crown) and cuirass.
(Carelessly struck)
Reverse
[Purchased, 1868] [PI. XVI. IS.]
Christian monogfram within palm- wreath.
[Purchased, 1904]' [PI. XVI. M.]
VIIL ROiME
XX
DmTlbCON STAN TPPA Bust of Ti- berius II facing, wearing helmet (or crown) and cuirass ; in r., globus cr.
("DmTlbCON STAN PA)
^,
DmTlbCON[S?] -ANTPPA)
(DfnTbCO STAMP PA)
[Royal Collection]
(Ends [S]TANTPA)
XX
above, cross ; in ex., KOM
[n. XVI. 16.]
(X-X)
[Purchased, 1904]
[F. Parkes Weber gift, 1906]
(XX-)
[de Salis gift]
AUTPPA) [Purchased, 1904]
Date
^ Sabatier, i, p. 233, No. 16, assigns a Carthaginian bronze coin of XXXX nummia to TibetiuB II, referring to Grote's Blatter f&r Munzkunde (Leipzig, 1836, vol. ii, p. 177, PL XIII, Fig. 173), where, however, it is described by Falbe as of Ck>nstantine IV. (Cp. XXXX coin of Gonstans II, infra, Carthage.)
124
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse |
Reverse |
Date |
|
|
DC. EAVENNA Solidus^ |
||||||
|
DmTlbCONS TANT PPAVS Bust of Ti- berius II facing, wearing crown (with circular orna- ment in front and surmounted by cross) and armour ; in r., globus cr. ; L holds shield with horseman device. |
VICTORI AAVCC Cross potent on four steps; beneath, CONOB |
• |
||||
|
156 |
674 |
N |
.86 |
[Royal Collection] |
H at end of inscr. |
|
|
157 |
68.3 |
N |
.85 |
[Presented by Mr. Edward Wigan, 1864] |
T (=r.?) at end of inscr. [PI. XVI. 16.] |
|
|
Tremissis |
||||||
|
DmCOSTAN TINVS PPAV Bust of Ti- berius 11 r. , wearing diadem, cuirass and paludamentum. |
giCTORTIb€RIAVS Cross potent; be- neath, CONOB |
|||||
|
158 |
23.2 |
N |
.7 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
||
|
159 |
22.7 |
AT |
.65 |
(AC for AV) [PI. XVI. 17.] |
[C. A. Murray, 1849] |
|
|
160 |
22. |
N |
.7 |
(Ends AVC) |
[F.P.Webergift,1906] |
|
|
Silver |
||||||
|
OmCOSTAN TINVS PPA Bust of Ti- berius II,wearing diadem and cuirass; border of dots. |
Cross potent on two steps; whole in wreath. |
|||||
|
161 |
7. |
M |
.4 |
[n. XVI. 18.] |
^ The ffold and silver coins are of the Italian fabric, i.e. they have a tbiD bracteate-like appearance, with the type, border, and letters in prominent relief.
TIBERIUS n— DATES ON COINS
125
v^ xiT'tt.-nV.f ' Metal and No. I Weight gj^g
|
162 |
72-5 |
|
163 |
56.2 |
|
164 |
44.3 |
|
165 |
44.7 |
M .7
iE .7
JE .65
M .65
Obverse
Reverse
Date
I
DmTlbCONS TANT PPAVC Bust of Ti- berius II facing, wearing helmet (or crown) and cuirass ; in r., globus cr. ; border of dots. ^
([DmTllbCON S[T AN]TPPA)
[PI. XVI. 19.]
between two small crosses ; wreath-like border.
[Purchased, 1904]
[de Salis gift]
[Presented bv Mr. Felix Slade, 1868]
DATES ON THE COINS OF TIBERIUS II.
On the dated coins bearing the name of Tiberius II we find marked the years (ANNO) 1-8 inclusive. [At Antioch on the M coins there is an exceptional year ' 9 ', referred to below.] As already remarked under * Constantinople ', 9upra, p. 108, note 1, the years 5-8 cannot have been reckoned from Tiberius's accession to the Empire— he leigned only about four years— but are calculated from his Caesarship, which began in Bee, A.D. 574, under Justin II. Year 5, therefore, corresponds to Dec, a.d. 578-Nov., 579; year 6 to Dec., 579-Nov., 580, and so on.
It does not appear to have been sufficiently observed that a complication arises when— as at Antioch — ^we find the whole series of years 1 to 8. At first sight the coins marked 1, 2, 3, 4 would seem to belong to the years of Tiberius's Caesarship (under Justin II), while those marked 5, 6, 7, 8 would be the pieces struck when he became sole ruler. But there are considerable difficulties in supposing that Tiberius II struck coins during his Cacwirship, because (i) on coins of years 1-4 he is called Augustus (not Caesar) ; (ii) it can be proved (from extant dated coins) that during the Caesarship of Tiberius the various mints were issuing money in the name of Justin II ; (iii) at Intioch, coins marked 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent Tiberius on the obv. in the character of Consul, a dignity which there is every reason to suppose he did not assume till after he became Emperor, i. e. in his regnal year * 5 *« a. D. 578/9.
If then the coins of years 1-3 (or 4) were not struck by Tiberius as Caesar, they must, in some way, be compressed into the period of his Imperial rule.
The coins may best be studied at the mint of Antioch, where we find not only the whole series 1-8, but curious variations in the obv, types. Thus years 1, 2, 3, 4 have the ' Consular * o^. But of year 4 there is also an ' Imperial * obv. (Emneror holding globus). Of year 5 there are both Consular and Imperial obverses. (So also in year 7.) Year 8 has the Consular type. There is thus (apparently) an Imperial-type issue running side by side with a Consular-type issue, or rather side by side with two Consular-type series.
The dates on the ' Imperial ' series are clearly regnal, dated from the Caesarship. (Year ' 4 ' is the earliest date found on these ' Imperial ' types.)
^ The obv. is of somewhat delicate work and in rather high relief
126
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
The dates on the ' Ck>nBular * series must be (as regards 5-8) regnal yean reckoned from the Caesarehip. Years 1-4 may be either years of the CwisuUhip issued simul- taneously with the regnal coins of years 5 to 8, or, possibly, years 1-4 may have been issued m Hoc at the accession of Tiberius so as to complete the series of reffnal years reckoned from the Caesarship. The following table, compiled from coins in the British Museum and other sources, shows the various 'years* of which coins exist and the alternative schemes for their arrangement : —
DATED COINS OF ANTIOCH
Oho, Sept.-Nov. A.D. 578 Dec. 578-Nov. 579
579-580
580-581
581-682
Imperial bust Regnal year 4 Regnal year 5 No coins Regnal year 7 No coins
Ohv Consular bust No coins
Consular year 1 + Regnal year 5 fi f» 2+ „ ,, 6
♦» »l <'+ »l 91 •
(Altebnative Aeeanoehent)
Sept.-Nov. 578
578-579 579-580 580-581 581-582
Ohv. Imperial bust Regnal year 4 Regnal year 5 No coins Regnal year 7 No coins
Oht, Consular bust No coins
Regnal years 1, 2, 3, 4+ Regnal year 5 Regnal year 6
»i »» •
11 11 8
fThe year *9* found only on the M coins of Antioch— if not an engraver's error I being written instead of HI 1 1)— may have been arrived at by oountinff Dec. A. D. 574 when Tiberius became Caesar as a complete year: thus Dec. 574 womd be year 1 ; Jan.-Dec. 575 would be year 2, and so on, j^ieldinff nine regnal years. In this case the dating in the tables given above will be slightly aisturbed, but the arrangement is not substantially affected.]
At Constantinople (M coins) the Consular type occurs on years 5-8 inclusive. On year 4 we find the Imperial type. [According to Rev, beige, 1862, p. 184, there is a year ' 1 ' of the Imperial type.]
At NicoMEDiA and Cyzicub only the Consular type— not earlier than year 5—18 found. (The numeral II (= 2) found here is not accompanied by the usual ANNO and perhaps does not indicate ' year 2 * ; cp. p. 114, note 1, supra.)
The case of Thessalonica (K coins ojAj) is peculiar. Here the Consular type, which at other mints first appears in year 5, i. e. snortly after Tiberius's accession as Emperor, is not represented at all. The obv., as under Justin II and Sophia, shows the £mperor and Empress seated side by side.
Years 5-8 must here be regnal years, but the rather curious coin in the British Museum (p. 112, No. 59, supra) gives year * 1 ' and Sabatier mentions ^ear 8 (cp. note 2, p. 112, supra), * 1 ' and *3' evidently belong to the sole reign of Tiberius, and not to his Caesarship, because he represents on them the Empress Anastasia as well as himself. In this case there is a double system of dating: years '1* and '3' axe reckoned from his accession to the Empire, Sept. 578, and years 5-8 are reckoned from his Caesarship, Dec. 574.
COINS WITH THE NAME OF TIBERIUS II CONSTANTINE NOT STRUCK AT THE IMPERIAL MINTS.
Silver. — A rude imitation (Brit. Mas.) of the small M described supra under ' Ravenna * is probably Lombardic.
127
MAURICIUS TIBERIUS
13 August, 582—22 Novbmbeb, 602 (dibd 26 or 27 November)
Mints = L Constantinople; 11. Thessalonica ; IIL Nicomedia; IV. Cyzicus; Y. Antioch ; VI. Alexandria ; VII. Carthage ; VIII. Sicily (Catina) ; IX. Rome; X. Ravenna; XL Cherson.
CONSTANTINA, wife of Mauricius Tiberius. THEODOSIUS (bom 584, died 602), son of Mauricius Tiberius. (For their coins see p. 158, infm.)
No.
Weight
Metal and Size
68.8 (pieixed)
N'S5
Obverse
Reveree
I. CONSTANTINOPLE
Solidus
DNITIAVRC TIbPP AVC Maurice Ti- berius (as Consul) seated facing on throne ; in upraised r., mappa ; in 1., cross. The Emperor wears crown with triple projections, tunic and em- broidered scarf.
[Purchased, 1868]
VICTORI AAVCC
Victory in chiton and peplos standing facing; in r., long
cross ending in T ; in L, globus cr. ; ex., CONOB
in
At end of inscr. H * [n. xvn. L]
Date
> Similar specimens with H on rev, at Paris (s=Sab., No. 1); also in Montacni Cat,, No. 1109. With r, Photiades Cat, Na 238. With I, Thomsen Cat„ No. 830. In spite of the rude style of the obv. these coins are perhaps best assigned to the Gonstan- tmopolitan mint. At any rate they have not the distinctive fabric of Italian mints. Specimens with A and Z occurred set as jewellery in the Cyprus find of Kyrenia: see A. Sambon in Le Mus^, iii, April, 1906, pp. 125 and 126. — In the same find occurred also, set as jewellery, four gold * medallions * of Maurice Tiberius (rev. Emperor in chwot). According to M* Sambon each of these pieces weighed, with its setting, 46 grammes (more than 700 grains) adn was of the value of at least six solidL As they were apparently cast, and not struck, they were doubtless jewellers' ornaments, probably modelled on actual coins. On coins of Maurice Tiberius, Justinian, &c., used as jewellery in the C^rus Treasures, see Dalton, in Archaeoiogia, vol. 60, pp. 2 and 11, and in Butiinffton Magazine^ 1907, p. 356.
128
IMPERL^L BYZANTINE COINS
No.
10
Weight
69.5
(piefved)
69.5 67.7
66.5
68. 68.1
68.
65.8
68.5
Metal and Size
AT .9
AT .8 U .8
N .85
N .9 JJ .8
U .85 N .8 AJ- .9
Obverse
^DNmAVRC TIbPP A VC Bust of Maurice Tiberius facing; wears helmet with semicircular orna- ment and plume, and armour'; inr., globus cr.
(AV for AVC)
[C. A. Murray, 1849]
[Purchased, 1904]
rAVI for AVO
(Visage broad)
In field r., star. [Rich]
[Cracherodegift,1799]
(Visage broad) [Presented, «'/r. 1833,
by Sir Alexander
Burnes] *
(Restruck on another solidus of Maurice Tiberius) •
(DH for DN) In field r., star. [Royal Collection]
[Bank of England gift, 1877]
Reverse
VICTORI AAVCC
Victory in chiton and peplos standing facing; in r., long
cross ending in t ; in L, globus cr. ; in ex., CONOB
At endof inscr., A
At end of inscr., B"
At end of inscr., f [Purchased, 1904] [PI. XVII. 2.]
At end of inscr., L in field r., star.*
At end of inscr., €
At end of inscr., S"
At end of inscr., Z
At end of inscr., Z. in field r., star.
At end of inscr., H
Date
^ D has nearly the form of O.
' In this reign the shield with horseman device so long held by the Em^ror disappears from me gold coinage except from a few specimens of the Italian mints. It however reappears long afterwards, on the solidi of Constantino IV Pogonatns.
' A eolidos in British Museum with rev. numeral B has on ohv, DNTIbCKPH AVKICPPAV. Bust focing, with cross (instead of plume) on helmet; holds shield. From the peculiarities of this coin I believe that it should be classed with the Hispano- Byzantine imitations (see infra, * Coins not issued at the Imperial Mints *), though it has not the letters AN usualhr characteristic of the obverses of those coins.
* A specimen in Rollin Collection (1903) is unthout star on obv, or rev.
' By whom it was found at ' Khoju oban, the ruins of an ancient city, thirty miles N. W. of Bokhara *. (H. Wilson and J. Prinsep, Observationa on Lieut. Burnetts Collection ofBactrian and other Coins, p. 377.)
* On obv., traces of inscription (VKC Tib) and plume of helmet; on rev., CONOB and exergual line.
MAURICE TIBERTOS— CONSTANTINOPLE— GOLD
129
No. I Weight
11 12
13 14
65.5
69. (fiereed)
67.7
67.
15 33-4
16 34-3
17
19.6
|
Metal and Sice |
|
|
JJ |
•85 |
|
U |
.9 |
|
N |
•8 |
|
AT |
•85 |
|
N |
•8 |
|
U |
•75 |
|
N |
•65 |
Obvene
[C. A. Murray, 1849] [C. A. Murray, 1849]
(Visage broad) [Purchased, 1904]
Reverse
At end of inscr., H altered in die.
At end of inscr., G altered from Z ? (double-struck)
At end of inscr., I [Lord Elgin]
At end of inscr., I [PI. XVll. 8.]
Semissis
DNfOAV RIPPAVC Bust of Maurice Ti- berius r., wearing diadem, cuirass and paludamentum.
[Royal Collection] [Royal Collection]
VICTORI AAVCC
Victory in chiton advancing to front, looking back 1. ; in r., wreath ; in 1., globus cr. ; in ex., CONOB^
[PI. XVII. 4.]
(Victory looks r.)
Tremissis
«DNTIbE RIPPAVC Bust of Maurice Ti- berius r., wearing diadem,paludamen- tum and cuirass.
(AVI)
[Purchased, 1904]
VICTORimAVRIA
VS Cross potent; beneath, CO NOB »
(UlCTORinriAVRA VS)
[PI. XVII. 6.]
Date
^ The type is copied from the tremmis of Justin II. The semissis of Tiberius II hote a cross and globe on the rev.
* D has often nearly the form of O, as on the solidi described supra. On No. 17 the semicircular part of b is not closed.
• Tremisses -mih rw. VICTORI mAVRI. Maurice (Tiberius) held the chief com- Jnaod in the Persian war in the reign of Tiberius II Constantine. In a.d. 581 the HomasB gained a sreat victory at Constantina, and in the summer of 582 Maurice niurned from the East On Aug. 5 of that year he was elected Caesar by the dying Emperor and given the name of ' Tiberius *. He succeeded to the Empire a few days later (Aug. 18) on the death of Tiberius II (Bury, Hist., ii, p. 82).
These tremisses vrith the name of Maurice on the rev, can hardly be earlier than the last few days of the reign of l^berius II. It is conceivable that their issue was ordered directly Maarice was elected Caesar, the name on the ohv. being that of the Emperor Tiberius II. On the other hand, it seems to me a preferable supposition that they were ittaed by Maurice himself after he became Emperor. The reasons are : (i) On the rev, ifaorice is called ' Augustus *, and not ' Caesar *. (ii) There are some divergences of
8
iso
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
18 19 20 21 22 23
Weight
23.
22-5
224
22-6
21-
19-7
24 25
26
21.5 21.7
174.3
Metal and Size
N -&
JJ .65
U .65
AT .65
AT .65
M' -6
U .65 N .65
M 11
Obverse
Reverse
[C. A. Murray, 1849] |
(€ for E)
(A for A)
(DNTI[b€] RAPPA VI 8ic)
(VICTORm &c.) (C for S)
[Royal Collection] (AVC) [Rich] (UlCTORfn &c.)
DNmAVRI TIbPPA
VC Bust of Maurice
Tiberius r., wearing
diadem,paludanien-
tum and cuirass.
[C. A. Murray, 1849]
(DNmAVR.C TIbPPA VC)
[Purch:;sed, 1904]
VICTOR lAAVCC
Cross potent; be- neath, CONOB
At end of inscr., L
At end of inscr., I ? [PL xvn. 6.]
Date
M
Inscr. BustofMaurice Tiberius facing; holds in r., fi^lobus cr. ; 1. hand sup- ports shield with horseman device ; wears helmet with plume and cuirass.
DNTIb€R mAVRP
PA VI (cross insteadof
plume on helmet).
M on 1., A N N O
above, cross ;
in ex., CON
On r., I ; beneath, A [de Salis gift]
1 = 582/3
style and^lBttering between these tremisses and the corresponding coins of Tiberius II (p. 107, Nos. 14-17, supra), e.g. we find on the odt;. ON ( = DN) instead of the "Dm characteristic of the coins of Tiberius II. (iii) On the ohv, the Imperial personage represented is called 'Tiberius' (only). It has been assumed by Sabatier and others that this must mean Tiberius II, but that Emperor on the obv. of his coins is accuatonied (with rare exceptions) to style himself ' Tibenus Constantinus \ or ' Gonstantinus * on the dbv. and * Tibenus* on the rev. ; see especially the tremisses {supraf p. 107, No. 14, &c.) with obv. COSTANTINVS, tw. VICTORaa Tlb€W. (iv) Phocw the Emperor who succeeded Maurice had the same legend VI CTOKI A (FO CAS), and presumably imitated the then current coins of his predecessor. The ' Tiberius ' mentioned on the obv. of our tremisses I take to be Maurice, who uses his new name * Tiberius ' on the obv, (corre- sponding to the ' Gonstantinus * of Tiberius II) and his original name ^ Maurice * on the rer.,VICTOWa ITIAVW, corresponding to the VI CTOWa TlbCRI.
MAURICE TIBERIUS— CONSTANTINOPLE
_M
131
|
No. |
Weigbt |
Metal and Sise M 1.2 |
|
27 |
185.3 |
|
|
28 |
1955 |
M 1-2 |
|
29 |
140.2 |
M M |
|
30 |
179. |
JE M |
|
31 |
193.1 |
M 1.15 |
|
32 |
197. |
^ M |
|
33 |
180-5 |
^ 1.25 |
|
34 |
174.5 |
JE 1.1 |
|
35 |
194.8 |
JE 1.15 |
|
36 |
189.5 |
JE M |
|
37 |
180.1 |
JE 1.15 |
|
38 |
180.2 |
JE M |
|
39 |
183.8 |
M 1.05 |
|
40 |
1584 |
^ 1.1 |
|
41 |
156.7 |
M 1.15 |
Obrene
DNTIb€Rfn AVRCP PA VI (cross instead of plume).
DNmA.. CPPAV/
(cross instead of plume).
DNmAVRIC [TJIbP PAVC (cross instead of plume ?).
[DNmAVW?] Tlb€ KPPAVC
DNnnAVRC Tlb€R PPAVC
[Purchased, 1904]
DNnnAVRC Tlb€RP PAVC
[Purchased, 1904]
DNnrVAVRlC Tlb€R PPAV
nrvAVRjc
DNrrUVRC Tlb€RP PAV
DNITVAV RICIPPA VC
DNPnAVRC Tlb€RP PAV
[Purchased, 1904]
DNmAVRC Tlb€R PPAV
DNITkAVRIC Tlb€ RPPAVC
DNimAVRC Tlb€RP AVI
DNmAVRC Tlb€RP PAV
DNPnAVRI TIbeRP PAV
[Purchased, 1904]
Revene
Date
On r., I ; beneath, € [Purchased, 1904]
Onr., 11 ; beneath, A [Purchased, 1904]
On r., Il ; beneath, A
On r., 11 ; beneath, € [Purchased, 1904]
On r., II ; beneath, A I
On r., II; beneath, € I
[PI. xvn. 7.]
On r., II ; beneath, A II
On r., II ; beneath, D II
On r., II ; beneath, T II
On r., II ; beneath, € II
On r., H ; beneath, A
On r., M ; beneath, A [Purchased, 1904]
On r., U ; beneath, T [de Sails gift]
On r., y ; beneath. T * On r., M ; beneath, €
1=
582/3
2=F
58S/4
2= 583/4
2= 583/4
3=
584/5
3=
584,5
4=c
58S/6
4=
585/6
4= 585/6
4=
585/6
5=
586/7
5=
586/7,
5=
586/7
5=
586/7
5=
58C/7
With A beneath, Thomsen Cat., vol. i, No. 844.
132
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Sise |
|
42 |
179. |
M 1-25 |
|
43 |
170.3 |
M 1-2 |
|
44 |
167.1 |
M 1-25 |
|
45 |
205.6 |
M 1-2 |
|
4G |
181.8 |
M 1-15 |
|
47 |
159-8 |
JE. 1-15 |
|
48 |
163-8 |
M 1-25 |
|
49 |
168-7 |
M 1-3 |
|
50 |
204-6 |
M 1-3 |
|
51 |
168-1 |
M 1.2 |
|
52 |
197-6 |
M 1.2 |
|
53 |
193-4 |
JE 1-25 |
|
54 |
191-8 |
M 1-25 |
|
55 |
157-4 |
M 1-3 |
Obverse
DNmAVR (rest obscure).
[DNmAVlRIC Tl 6€RPPA/
DNmAVRC Tlb€RP PA[V]
rDlNmAVWCI Tib
IPPAV
Bevene
On r., 'll ; beneath, A [Purchased, 1904]
On r., ^1 beneath, L
On r., ^ ; beneath, A II [Purchased, 1904]
On r., 'l ; beneath, A II [Purchased, 1904] (Restruck)
DNmAVRC Tlb€R.P PAP
DNITIAVRTI b€RIP PAVC
DNPnAVMCI [Tl b€R.P]PAVS
TIbCRPPA
VC
DNITVAVRf Tlb€KIP PA
DNITIAVR Tlb€RP
DNmAVR [Tlb€R
PP?]
rD]NmAVRICI Tib CRIPPAV
[DlNmAVR Tlb€RP
(Restruck ?)
DNPnAVR Tlb€RIP PAVC
On r., 'l ; beneath, B
On r., *! ; beneath, B II [Purchased, 1904]
On r., ^ : beneath, T II (Restruck)
On r., 'i ; beneath, L
On r., ^ ; beneath, € II
On r., 'll ; beneath, A
On ^,^11; beneath, €
[Purchased, 1904]
On r., X ; beneath, T [Purchased, 1904]'
On r., X ; beneath, A [de Sails gift]
On r., X ; beneath, € (Restruck)
Date
7= 588/9
7= 588/9
8= 589/90
8= 589/90
8= 589/90
8= 589/90
8= 589/90
8= 589/90
8= 589/90
9= 590/1
9= 590/1
10= 591/2
10= 591/2
10= 591/2
' Tear X with A in Voetter, Cat. Winditdi-OrOtz, No. 170.
MAURICE HBEMUS— CONSTANTINOPLE— M 133
No.
56
57
58
59
Weight
61
62
63
64
65
178.3
1584
166-3
Metal and Sise
M 1-05
^ 1-2
^ 1.15
|
165. |
M 1.15 |
|
168.2 |
M 1.1 |
|
1984 |
M 1.3 |
|
196.3 |
M 1.2 |
|
1874 |
M 125 |
|
188.8 |
M 1.15 |
|
165. |
M 1.25 |
Obveiae
DNmAVRICI Tlb€R PPAVC
DNmAVWCI Tlb€R PPAVC
Rerene
DNmAVRICI
DNmAVRC Tlb€RP PAV
DNmAVRC Tlb€RP PAV (globus cr.,
instead of plume, on
helmet).
"DNmAVRIC Tlb€R PPAV
"DNnnAVRIC Tlb€R PPAV
T>NmAVWC Tlb€R PPAVC
•DNmAVRIC Tlb€R PPAV
"DNmAVRIC Tlb€R PPAV
On r., X : beneath, B II I [Purchased, 1904]
On r., X ; beneath, B
I
[de Salis gift]
On r., X ; beneath, B II I [Purchased, 1904]
On r., X ; beneath, C
I
[Purchased, 1904]'
On r., X ; beneath, A
I
[de Salis gift]
On r., X ; beneath, A ^1 II [de Salis gift]
On r., X ; beneath, T ^1 II [Purchased, 1904]
On r., X ; beneath, A ^1 II
On r., X ; beneath, € ^1 II [Purchased, 1904]
On r., X ; beneath, € ^1 II [Purchased, 1904]
Date
13= 594/5
13=
594/5
13= 594/5
13= 694/5
18= 599/ 600
19=
600/1
19= 600/1
19= 600/1
19= 600/1
19= 600/1
> Tear XM (15) in Fhotiades Cat., No. 243.
134
LMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No. "66^
67
68
69
70
Weight
186.5
196.6
204.2
201.8
(pierced)
85.4
Metal and Size
jE 1.35
JE 1.25
jE 1.3
JE 1.25
JE .9
Obverse
[T>]NmAVRC
Reverse
On r., X : beneath, A X [Purchased, 1904]
Inscr. BustofMaurice Tiberius (as Consul) facing: nolds in r., mappa ; in 1., eagle- headed sceptre; wears crown, sur- mounted by cross, tunic and broad scarf.
X)N Tlb€ PPA
[•DlNmAVWCI Tib €Rl [P]PAS
M on L, A N N O
above, sp in ex., CON
On r., X; beneath, f*
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. XVII, 8.]
On r., X ; beneath, A X
Restruck ; on rei\y traces of ANNO
•DNm &c. (Double- struck) ; in field r. and 1., small cross.
On r., X ; beneath, B
I
[Purchased, 1904]
Restruck on a coin of Justin II. On rev.^ traces of DNIVS[TI]NVS and of the seated nimbate figures of Justin II and Sophia.
Inscr. BustofMaurice i K on 1., A
Tiberius facing; holds in r., globus cr. ; L hand supports shield with horse- man device; wears helmet with plume and cuirass.
DNTIb€ mAVPPAV
(cross for plume in helmet).
N N O above, cross.
On r., I ; beneath, B [Purchased, 1904]
» With B in Revue beige, 1855, p. 403.
MAURICE TTBERTOS— CONSTANTINOPLE
-K
135
Na
n
72 73 74 75
76 77 78
Weight
90^ 774
1054 92-6 77-2
1034 76-5 93-9
Metal and Size
|
79 |
79- |
|
80 |
64-6 |
|
81 |
54^ |
|
82 |
92.6 |
|
83 |
93-7 |
|
84 |
72. |
|
85 |
77.2 |
J^ .8
.£ •o5
M h
JE .95
.£ •o5 M .75
JE .8
^ -9
^ 1.
Obverse
DN Tlb€R.PA
VI
DNmAV RICPPAV
DNmAVR Tlb€PP AV
DNmAVR AVC
PP
DNmAVR.[l] CIT.
DNmAVR Tlb€PP AV
DNmAVRC Tlb€ [PPAV]
T) NmA VIRIC («c) (cross for plume on helmet).
X>Nm. VRIb(Mc)
TIbCRPPA
(cross for plume on helmet).
rpiNmAVR Tlb€RP PA VI (cross for plume on helmet).
ONPnAV.. (helmet without plume or cross).
DNm .... lb€RPP
(cross for plume on helmet).
....VRIT lb€RPPA
DNnOAVRIC Tlb€R PPA
[Townley Collection]
Reverae
On r., Ill ; beneath, T
Onr., nil ; beneath, b [Purchased, 1904]
On r., II 1 1 ; beneath, L [Purchased, 1904]
Onr., nil ; beneath, € [Purchased, 1904]
On r., t| ; beneath, B
On r., U ; beneath, A [de Salis gift]
On r., U ; beneath, € [Purchased, 1904]
On r., ^ ; beneath, A [de Salis gift]
On r., ^ ; beneath, B [Lynch, 1856]
On r., ^1 ; beneath, A [de Salis gift]
On r., ^1 ; beneath, B [Purchased, 1904]
On r., ^1 ; beneath, B
[Purchased, 1904]
[PI. XVn. 9.J
Onr., ^11 ; beneath, A
On r., ^111; beneath, B [de Salis gift]
On r., X ; beneath, A [H. xvn. 10.]
Date
3^~
584/5
4= 585/6
4= 585/6
4=
585/6
5=
586/7
5=
586/7
5=
586/7
6=
687/8
6=
587/8
7= 588/9
7= 588/9
7= 588/9
8= 589/90
9= 590/1
10= 591/2
136
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
|
86 |
81-6 |
M .75 |
|
87 |
103.7 |
M .75 |
|
88 |
102. |
M .7 |
|
89 |
166. |
M .85 |
|
90 |
134. |
M .95 |
|
91 |
98. |
M .8 |
|
92 |
88.5 |
^ .9 |
|
93 |
98.8 |
M .8 |
|
94 |
109-9 |
J^ .8 |
|
95 |
95.4 |
.Aa Aj |
|
96 |
80.8 |
M .85 |
Obverse
[DNmAVRIO?] Tl [blPPAV (cross on helmet?).
rpNmiAVRIO TbP pAV (cross on hel- met).
DNmAVRO TIbPP A I Qcross on hel- met).
DNMAVM ...bP...
(globe and cross on helmet).
[DINMAVR ITbPP AV ('globe and cross on nelmet).
DNMAVRTIbPPAV.
(globe and cross on helmet).
[DlNmAV. T(?)RI d€ . . (cross on helmet).
DNMAVM [TlbP
PAV?] (globe and
cross on helmet).
D|NM.... OTIbP PAC (globe and cross on helmet).
DNnrUVRIO ....R
PPAV (globe and
cross on helmet).
DNnnAV(Tlb€RP?)
Reverse
(A for A; no cross above) ; on r., X ; in ex., CON [deSalisgift]>
(A for A; no cross above) ; on r., X ; in ex., CON [Purchased, 1904]^
[PI. xvn. u.]
(A for A; no cross above); on r., X; in ex., KULIN ^ [Purchased, 1904]
On r., XI ; beneath, A Thick fabric. [Purchased, 1904]
On r., XI ; beneath, A [Purchased, 1853]
On r., XI ; beneath, A [D. Campkin, 1853]
Onr., XI ; beneath, A [Purchased, 1904]
On r., XI ; beneath, A
On r., pellet and XI ; beneath, A [Purchased, 1904] [PI. xvn. 12.]
On r., X ; beneath, B III [de Salis gift]
Onr.,XM; beneath, A [Purchased, 1904]
^ Nos. 86-88 are smaller and thicker than the rest of the Constantinopolitan K coins. The fiibric is, in fact, more like that of Carthage, but the insertion of the mint-name CON (the officina numeral is omitted) decides where the coins were struck. No. 89 is also of exceptionally thick fabric.
MAURICE TIBERIUS- CONSTANTINOPLE
-I
137
N«. Weight 97 69-8
62.2
504 48-8
70.
46.8
38-5 43-6
40.2 ipieretd)
18.2 (leom)
Metal and Size
M .85
.£1 •o
M .7
M .8
M .7
M .7
^ .7
M .65
M .7
^ .55
ObTerse
DNmAVW Tb€P.
(double-struck).
Inscr. obscure (flan inegukr).
Bevene
Date
On r., XMI ; beneath, 5 I [Purchased, 1904]'
On r., X ; beneath, L [Purchased, 1904]'
17= 598/9
19= 600/1
I
Inscr. BustofMaurice Tiberius facing, wears helmet with cross, cairass and paludamentum.
DNMAVRI T[b]P
PAV (trefoil device
instead of cross).
DNMAVRI TbPP..
(trefoil device in- stead of cross). [Louis Fraser, 1847]
DNMAVRI
(trefoil device in- stead of cross).
. NITIA VPPA
DNITIAV RICPPAVI
DNITIAV RICPPAVI
VRPPAI
. mAVR TIbPPA .
1 surmounted; by cross; in ex., CON
On 1., star ; on r., star (cross between- two pellets).
[Pi; XVII. 18.]
On 1., star ; on r., star (cross between two
pellets). (I larger than on No. 99.)
On 1., star ; on r., star (pellet on 1. of cross).
On 1., star; on r.^ A [Purchased, 1904]
On 1., star; on r., A On 1., star; on r., B
On 1., star; on r., L [Purchased, 1904]
On 1., star; on r., € [de Salis gift]
1 With year XHIII (18) and B, Mim. soc. dearth. St. P4L, 1850, p. 306. ' With year XX and B, Moustier Cat., No. 3988.
T
138
IMPERIAL BTfZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse |
Revene |
Date |
|
|
€ |
||||||
|
Inscr. BustofMaurice Tiberius facing; wears helmet with trefoil device, cuirass and paluda- mentum. |
whole in wreath.' |
|||||
|
107 |
37.1 |
M |
.55 |
DNMAV. ...PPAV |
[de Salis gift] [PI. XVII. 147] |
|
|
108 |
31.6 |
M |
•5 |
DNMAVRIO TIbP PAV |
[PI. XVU. 16.] |
|
|
n. THESSALONICA |
||||||
|
K |
||||||
|
Inscr. Bust of Mau- rice Tiberius fiwing; wears helmet and armour; in r., glo- bus cr. |
K on 1., A N N O above, cross ; beneath, T€S |
|||||
|
109 |
89.2 |
M |
.8 |
DNTIb. .[RIC?]P PAV |
Onr., II [de Salis gift] |
2= 583/4 |
|
110 |
81.7 |
M |
•8 |
.NTI CPPC |
On r., II |
2= 583/4 |
|
HI |
88.8 |
M |
.85 |
DNnnAVRC TIbP PAVI |
On r., II [Presented by Mr. Horace Sandars, 1904; procured at Bucharest] |
2= 583/4 |
|
112 |
106.8 |
M |
.85 |
..nnAVR ..bPP |
Onr., Ill [de Salis gift] |
3= 584/5 |
|
113 |
84.4 |
M |
.8 |
TIbPPAVC |
On r., r [Purchased, 1904] |
3= 584/5 |
|
114 |
80. |
M |
.75 |
...AVR [TibJPPAV |
On r., gi |
6= 587/8 |
^ The rev. type is rather suggestive of the Carthage mint (cp. No. 245, infra) but the obv.y on the other hand, closely resembles (cuirass and helmet with trefoil deyice) some of the Constajitinopolitan I coins (Nos. 99-101).
MAURICE TIBERIUS-NICOMEDIA— M
139
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obvene |
Berene |
Date |
|
|
115 |
U-S |
M |
.8 |
DNdlAVRC [T]lbPP |
On r., Ul [Purchased, 1904] |
6= 587/8 |
|
116 |
69. |
JE |
.75 |
.NnriAVR ...PAV |
Onr.,mi> [Purchased, 1904] |
7= 588/9 |
|
117 |
112. |
M |
.9 |
..mAVR .IbPPAVC |
On r., g II [de Sails gift] |
7= 688/9 |
|
118 |
101.9 |
JE |
.75 |
DNITIAVRC TIbP PAVC |
On r., g 1 M [Purchased, 1904] [PL XVn. 16.] |
8= 589/90 |
|
119 |
96*8 |
JE |
.85 |
.NITIAVRC TIbP P.. |
On r., X [Purchased, 1904] |
10= 591/2 |
|
120 |
91.6 |
JE |
.9 |
DNmARC(»tc) Tib PPAC |
On r., XM [de Sails gift] |
15= 696/7 |
|
121 |
75.3 |
M |
.85 |
rDlNmAVRC Tib PPAVC |
On r., XM nil [F.Parkes Weber gift, ItfOuJ |
19= 600/1 |
|
122 |
78.7 |
JE |
.9 |
DNmAVR TIbPPA |
On r., X X [Purchased, 1904] |
20= 601/2 |
|
123 |
84-5 |
M |
.8 |
.NnriAVR |
On r., J [de Salifl gift] |
21= 602 |
|
m. NICOMEDIA |
||||||
|
M |
||||||
|
Inscr. BustofMaurice Tiberius facing, wearing helmet •with cross and armour ; r. holds globus cr. ; 1. sup- ports shield -with horseman device. |
M on L, A N N 0 above, cross ; in ex., NIKO |
|||||
|
124 |
213.6 |
M 1.15 |
[DNTIB61R.I mAVR CPPA/ |
On r., 1 ; beneath, B [de Salis gift] |
1 = 582/3 |
^ So apparently, with the M imperfectly formed.
140
LMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
|
125 |
197. |
£ 1.15 |
|
126 |
192.2 |
M 1.15 |
|
127 |
185-5 |
M 1.15 |
|
128 |
181.2 |
-E 1-2 |
|
129 |
172.8 |
^ 1-2 |
|
130 |
172.4 . |
JE 1-2 |
|
131 |
169.9 (pUrced) |
M 1.15 |
|
132 |
185.4 |
M 1.25 |
|
133 |
168-2 |
JE 1-2 |
|
134 |
139.7 |
^ 1-05 |
|
135 |
171.1 |
M M |
|
136 |
164.3 |
JE 1.05 |
|
137 |
180. |
M 1.15 |
|
138 |
166.5 |
M 1-2 |
|
- |
Obverse
• mrib €R.imAVc
(in field r., cross).
DmTlb€RI MC.
nnAV
JlTIT IPPA/
(helmet with spikes).
"DNPnAVRIC IP€RP PA
T)NnnAVPII(C?) b(?)€PRA(«c).
0(=D) NmAP
. NimAVR. (Tlb€R. PP?)
Tlb€R.P
D Nnn AV [PI?] Tlb€ . (helmet with plume).
DNmAV
(helmet with plume).
..mAVTI b€R...
(helmet with plume).
TIB€ (hel- met with plume).
ONmAV TIB€ (hel- met with plume).
Tlb€R.R. (aic) rith
Reverse
Onr., II ; beneath, B I [Purchased, 1904]
On r., II ; beneath, B
[de Sails gift]
Onr., 1 1 ; beneath, A
On r., M ; beneath, A
[Purchased, 1904]
[PI. XVXU. 1.]
On r., ^ ; beneath, A [de Sails gift]
On r., ^ ; beneatb, B [de Sails gift]
On r., ^1 ; beneath, A [Purchased, 1904]
On r., ^1 ; beneath, B [Purchased, 1904]
On r., *!; beneath, A II !
[Purchased, 1904]
On r., *i ; beneath, B II [Purchased, 1904]
On r., <i ; beneath, A III
[Purchased, 1904]
On r., ^ ; beneath, B III
On r., X ; beneath, B
On r., X ; beneath, A III
(helmet w plume). I
(Restruck on a coin of Justinian I ; on obv., theinscr. IVSTINI; on >•«»., the Inscr. ANNO still visible.)
Date
3= 584/5
3=
584/5
4= 585/6
5=
586/7
6=
587/8
6=
587/8
75=
588/9
7= 588/9
8= 589/90
8= 589/90
9= 590/1
9= 590/1
10= 591/2
13=
594/5
MAURICE TIBERIUS— CYZICUS-
-M
141
No. 139
Weight
140
141
142
143
168-4
198.7
1824
Metal and Size
M 1.15
^ 1-2
^ 1-2
144
197.5
200.2
185.3
^ 1-25
M 1.2
M 1.15
Obverse
Reverse
DNnnAVR? Tlb€RR (sic) (helmet with plume).
On r., X ; beneath, A III [Purchased, 1904]
(Restruck on a coin of Justinian I; on rev., DNIVSTIN and helmet visible ; on obv.,
anKio).
D NmAV PI€RP
(sic) (helmet -with plume).
Tlb€R.PPA
(helmet with plume ?)
On r., X ; beneath, B Ml
On r., X Ul II [Procured by Sir C.T. Newton, 1856]
Inscr. BustofMaurice Tiberius &cing, as Consul ; wears crown and consular dress ; in r. , mappa ; in L, sceptre sur- mounted by eagle.
DNtnAVRI CITI R.P
(cross above sceptre).
DNmA/RIC ITI b€R
(in field 1., cross, and cross above sceptre).
M on L, A ! N N O
above, ^ in ex., NIKO
On r., X ; beneath, D X [Purchased, 19©4] [PI. xvni. i.]
On r., X; beneath, B X (whole in wreath).' [de Salis gift]
IV. CYZICUS
M
Inscr. BustofMaurice Tiberius facing, wearing helmet with plume and armour ; r. holds globus cr. ; 1. sup- porlis shield with horseman device.
D NTia€)Jm AVM CPPA (cross instead of plume).
M on L, A N N O
above, cross ;
inex., KYZ
On r., II ; beneath, A
Date
13= 594/5
16=
597/8
18= 599/ 600
20= 601/2
20=
601/2
2— 583/4
' The wreath is developed from the ordinary ' reel ' border of Byzantine coins. On No. 142 this^ reel border has the appearance of a succession of spikes or thorns ; on No. 143 this is transformed into an unmistakable wreath of pointed leaves.
142
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No. 145
U6
147 148 149
150 151
152 153
154
155 156 167 158
159
Weight 175.1
195.7
1794 183.3 162-2
178.6 181.1
172.7 173-
178-1
162. 170.6 184.6 169.8
180.
Metal and Size
M 1.15
M 1.1
^ 1.1
JE 1.1
je: 1.15
JE 1.2
JE 1.2
JE 1.15
JE 1.1
-E 1.15
JE 1-1
^ 1^
-E 1-05
^ 1.15
M 1-05
Obvene
....VRIC Tlb€R.P PA (cross instead of plume).
TlbCRPPA
(cross instead of lame).
DNPnAVWC Tlb€R. PPA (cross instead of plume).
...AVRI CTIb€R.P PA (cross instead of plume).
DNPnAVRI CTIbCR. PPA (cross instead of plume).
OHmAV
OHmAVRI Tlb€R.P PA
• NmAVW Tlb€R.P PAV
..rmAlVRICI Tib €KPP
AV
TlbCWPP
b€RPPA
• NdlAKAl Tlb€R.I PPA
ONmAR.C ITIIb€R. (sic)
DNmAVR.1 Tb€RPP
. NmAVM Tb€RP PA
RevetM
On r., ; beneath B
[Blacas, 1867]
On r., II ; beneath, A
[Purchased, 1904]
On r., ^ ; beneath, B [Purchased, 1904]
On r., 'il ; beneath, A [de Salis gift]
On r., ^1 ; beneath, A [Purchased, 1904]
On r., ^11 ; beneath, A
On r., ^11 1 beneath, A
[Purchased, 1904]
[PI. XVIU. 8.]
Onr.,^11; beneath, B
On r., ^ ; beneath, A III [Purchased, 1904]
On r., ^ ; beneath, B III [de Salis gift]
On r., X ; beneath, A [de Salis gift]
On r., X ; beneath, B [Purchased, 1904]
On r., X ; beneath, A
On r., X ; beneath, B II [de Salis gift]
On r., X ; beneath, B
<iir
Date
3= 584/5
4= 585/6
6= 587/8
7= 588/9
7= 588/9
8= 589/90
8= 589/90
8= 589/90
9= 590/1
9= 590/1
10= 591/2
10= 591/2
11= 592/3
12= 593/4
18= 599/ 600
MAURICE TffiERTOS-CYZICUS— I
143
So.
Weight
161
188-7
188-
162
205-5
163
81-
164
51-5
Metal and Sice
JE 1-25
JE 14
M 1-35
M -75
^ -7
Obvene
DNmA.-.IC b€ll...
ONmAVR..
Tl
Reverse
On r., X ; beneath, A (above, t)
rpi ■
[Purchased, 1904]
n r., X ; beneath, A X
(above, t) [Purchased, 1904]
DNmAV RICITIb €R PPAV Bust of Maurice Tiberius flEicing, as Consul; wears crown (with globe and detached cross) and consular dress; in r., mappa ; in L, sceptre sur- mounted by eagle ; above sceptre, cross.
[Purchased, 1904] [PI, XVUI. 4.]
[DNm TIbA/?] Bust of Maurice Tiberius facing, wearing helmet and armour; in r., globus cr.
[Purchased, 1904]
M on L, A N N O
above, t in ex., KYZ
On r., X ; beneath, B X
i\ on L, A
N
N
O above, cross ; inex., KVZ»
On r., X
[PI. XVin. 6.]
I
Inscr. BostofMaurice Tiberius facing ; •wears helmet with cross and armour; in r., globus cr.
DNmAVK
I above which, cross ; in ex., KYZ
Onl., A; onr., * [de Sails gift]
Date
20= 601/2
20= 601/2
20= 601/2
10= 591/2
' Cp. Sev. num., ir, p. 249.
144
IMPERIAL BYZAiniNE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse |
Reverse |
Date |
|
165 |
36.2 |
M .65 |
. NCDAV RITIb€P [PI. XVUI. e.] |
On 1., * ; on r., A [Northwick sale, 1860,lot724,p.55]. |
|
|
166 |
37.4 |
^ .65 |
. NmAV RICPPA |
On 1., * ; on r., B [de Salis gift] |
|
|
V. ANTIOCH |
|||||
|
M |
|||||
|
TSMmAqn cnT>a ^T Bust of Maurice Tiberius feeing (as Consul) ; wears consular robes and crown surmounted by trefoil device. In upraised r., mappa; inl., sceptre (with short stem) surmounted by eagle.* |
M ' above, cross ; on L, A N N o in ex., rHCgP/ |
||||
|
167 |
191.6 |
M 1.25 |
[de Salis gift] |
On r., M ; beneath, T |
8= 589/90 |
|
168 |
188. |
JE 1.2 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., t| ; beneath, T III |
8= 589/90 |
|
169 |
180.2 |
JE M5 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, A |
10= 591/2 |
|
170 |
1934 |
^ 1.15 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, B |
10= 591/2 |
|
171 |
184. |
JE M5 |
[PI. XVIII. 7.] |
On r., X ; beneath, T |
10= 591/2 |
|
172 |
170.8 |
^ M |
[Purchased, 1904] |
Onr., X; beneath, A |
11= 692/3 |
|
173 |
184.2 |
JE M5 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X; beneath, T 1 (rHegps) |
11 = 592/3 |
' The dbv. is in nearly every respect a reproduction of the Antioch ohv, of Tiberius II Constantine, the lecrend being again blundered though less grossly (PnAMri «rnAUR.I
or mAMPI : CNP apparently = Tb-P-P- (i.e. Perpetuus).
' In contrast with the PO found on the corresponding coins of Tiberius Constantine. In Windisch-Grratz Cat., No. 171, m of year ill! is described of Maurice Tiberius. Is not tlus coin, possibly, of Tiberius Gonstantme ?
MAURICE TIBERIUS— A>rnOCH
-M
145
|
So. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse |
|
174 |
180-6 |
M 1-15 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
|
17J |
174-3 |
JE 1-2 |
|
|
17G |
186-2 |
M 1-15 |
[Northwicksale,1860] |
|
177 |
169-9 |
M 1-15 |
|
|
178 |
1784 |
M 1-05 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
|
179 |
171- |
M 1-05 |
|
|
180 |
169-7 |
M 1-1 |
|
|
, 181 i |
163- |
M 1-15 |
[de Sails gift] |
|
: 182 j |
173-4 |
M 1-1 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
|
183 |
182-2 |
M 1-1 |
[MasaalU, 1857] |
|
184 |
170-2 |
M 1-05 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
|
185 |
176-2 |
M 1-05 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
|
186 |
1722 |
M 1-05 |
|
|
187 |
171-8 |
M 1-1 |
|
|
188 |
174-6 |
M 11 |
[de Sails gift] |
|
189 |
180-5 |
M 1-15 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
|
190 |
172-6 |
M 1-15 |
(DM) |
|
Revene |
Date |
|
|
On r. |
, X ; beneath, T 1 |
11 = 592/3 |
|
Onr. |
, X ; beneath, T 1 |
11 = 592/3 |
|
Onr. |
, Xl ; beneath, T |
11= 592/3 |
|
Onr. |
, X ; beneath, A |
12= 593/4 |
|
Onr. |
, X ; beneath, T II |
12= 593/4 |
|
Onr. |
, X ; beneath, T II (Restruck) |
12= 593/4 |
|
Onr. |
, X ; beneath, A III |
13= 594/5 |
|
On r. |
, X ; beneath, T III |
13= 594/5 |
|
On r. |
, X ; beneath, € III |
13= 594/5 |
|
Onr. |
, X ; beneath, P nil |
14= 595/6 |
|
Onr. |
, X ; beneath, € nil |
14= 595/6 |
|
Onr. |
, X ; beneath, A ' |
15= 596/7 |
|
On r. |
, X ; beneath, f |
15= 596/7 |
|
Onr. |
, X ; beneath, € |
15= 596/7 |
|
Onr. |
,X;beneath,r(?) Ml |
16= 597/8 |
|
Onr. |
, X ; beneath, T Ml |
16= 597/8 |
|
Onr |
, X ; beneath, T Ull |
17= 598/9 |
^ Leas probably A.
146 No.
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
191 192
193 194
195 196 197 198
199
200 201 202
Weight
159-2 170.
1684 160-6
168-4 157.4 171.6 172-6
82-5
88-7 764 75.2
Metal and Size
M 1-05 M 115
M 1-05 M 1-1
M 1-05
M 1-05
M 1-1
JE 1-1
M -85
M .85
M -9
M .85
Obverse
[Purchased, 1904] [Purcliased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904] [de Sails gift]
[Purchased, 1904] [de Sails gift]
Reverse
On r., X ' ; beneath, € UN
On r., X ; beneath, T Clill
On r., XI ; beneath, A Mill
On r., X ; beneath, A X
(or A?)
On r., X ; beneath, f X
On r., X ; beneath, €
On r., X ; beneath, €
On r., X ; beneath, S X
"DNmAMri CNPAU
Bust of Maurice Tiberius facing (as Consul), holding mappa and sceptre (as on No. 167, supra).
[de Sails gift]
[de Sails gift]
(ITIAtir) [Purchased, 1904]
[Purcliased, 1904]
V above, cross ; on L, A
N
N
O in ex., E
On r., y III [PI. XVIU. 8.]
On r., IX
(= 9 or 11 ?)
Date
17= 598/9
18= 599/ 600
19=
600/1
20= 601/2
20= 601/2
20= 601/2
20= 601/2
20= 601/2
On r., X
On r., XI (in ex., R.)
8= 589/90
9=
590/1
10= 591/2
11= 592/3
* The second I is obscure, but comparison with a coin in the collection of Mr. J. T. T. Reed (London, 1906} leaves no doubt that the reading is XUI I.
MAURICE TIBERIUS-ANTIOCH-I
147
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse |
Revene On r., XII' |
Date |
|
|
208 |
80-6 |
JE |
•85 |
rmAy) [de Sails gift] |
12= 593/4 |
|
|
204 |
88-6 |
^ |
.95 |
(mAU) [Purchased, 1904] |
Onr., mX |
13= 594/5 |
|
205 |
83.8 |
^ |
.8 |
(mAtI) [de Salis gift] |
On r., XU |
15= 596/7 |
|
206 |
95.2 |
JE |
.8 |
(IHm lAMT) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., MIX |
16= 597/8 |
|
207 |
76. |
£ |
.8 |
[de Salis gift] |
Onr., mix ' I 1 surmounted by- cross; on 1., A N N 0 in ex., rH€MP/ |
17= 598/9 |
|
•DF4mAti cnPam Bust of Maurice Tiberius facing Qm Consul), holding mappa and sceptre (as on No. 167, aupra). |
||||||
|
208 |
56-6 |
^ |
.75 |
[de Salis gift] |
On r., X |
10= 591/2 |
|
>09 |
423 |
M |
.65 |
{Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X 1 |
11= 592/3 |
|
JIO |
43.8 |
M |
.7 |
[de SaUs gift] |
On r., X II |
12= 593/4 |
|
Jll |
40.8 |
M |
•65 |
[de Salis gift] |
On r., X nil |
14= 595/6 |
|
J12 |
35.7 |
M |
.65 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X Mil |
14= 595/6 |
|
J13 |
39.7 |
M |
.65 |
(mA) (A for AM) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X tl (THCMP) [PI. xvm. 9.] |
15= 596/7 |
^ There are traces of an obliterated X. The engraver seems first to have written XX by mistake^ then to have engraved the first I over the second X.
» Also of year XX, Mim, aoc. cTarch. St. Pet., iv (1850), p. 307, No. 46. Thomsen Cat., ▼oL i, No. 349, describes a coin of Antioch of the denomination XX; this may be suspected to be a misdescribed coin of Tiberius II Constantine.
148
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight 38.1 |
Metal and Size |
Obverse |
Revene |
Date |
|
|
214 |
M |
•65 |
On r., X y (rHCMP) |
15= |
||
|
•215 |
422 |
M |
.65 |
[I»urchased, 1904] |
On r., X Ml |
10= 597/8 |
|
216 |
39. |
M |
.7 |
(IMnV\ AINT) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X qil |
17= 598/9 |
|
217 |
39.2 |
M |
•65 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X UN |
17= 598/9 |
|
218 |
35.6 |
M |
.65 |
[de Sails gift] |
On r., X Mill |
18= 599/ 600 |
|
219 |
40. |
M |
.65 |
(ITIA) (A for AM) |
On r., X X [Purchased, 1904] |
20= 601/2 |
|
YL ALEXANDRIA |
||||||
|
IB |
||||||
|
DNmA RICPPAV Bust of Maurice Tiberius r., wearing diadem, paludamen- tum and cuirass. |
I+B; inex.,AA€E |
|||||
|
220 |
78.2 |
M |
.65 |
|||
|
221 |
55. |
JE |
.6 |
|||
|
222 |
80.5 |
M |
.65 |
(mAV) (A for AV) |
||
|
223 |
71-5 |
M |
•6 |
(A for AV) |
||
|
224 |
78.7 |
M |
.6 |
(Partly oflf flan) |
||
|
•225 |
63.2 |
M |
55 |
(Partly off flan) |
||
|
•226 |
50-4 |
M |
•7 |
(Inscr. partly obscure ; A for AV) |
||
|
227 |
44.4 |
M |
.55 |
(ANtTIA IIA) |
[PI. XVin. 10.] |
MAURICE TIBERIUS-CARTHAGE-
XX
14U
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse |
Reverse |
Date |
|
Vn. CARTHAGE |
|||||
|
(See also infra under 'Family Coinage' of Mauricius Tiberius) |
|||||
|
Silver |
|||||
|
DNTIBMA VRICP PA Bust of Maurice Tiberius facing, wearing helmet with cross and armour. |
^ SALVSMVNDI Small cross potent within circle of dots. |
||||
|
228 |
14-5 |
M -55 |
[Purchased, 1864] |
[PI. xvm. 11.] |
|
|
229 |
13.8 |
M 55 |
Inscr. Bust of Maurice Tiberius facing, as Consul ; wears liel- met (with plume and circular orna- ment) and consular robes ; in r., mappa ; in L, globus cr. DNMAVR .. PP |
Cross on three steps between ^ and lU ; circleof dots; whole in wreath. [BorreU sale, 1852, lot 982] [PI. xvm. 12.] |
|
|
230 14.2 ipiereed) |
M .6 |
DNMAVRI C[P]PA |
[Purcliased, 1904]» [PI. xvm. 18.J |
||
|
xxxx |
|||||
|
For a bn)nze coin of this denomination (40 nummia), see Falbein Crete's Blatter fUr Munzkunde, ii (183G), p. 17G, No. 2. |
|||||
|
XX |
|||||
|
DNTIBMAV RICPP AVS Bust of Maurice Tiberius, wearing helmet (with globus cr.) and armour; in r., globus cr. ; 1. holds shield with horseman device. |
K T R ^ In centre, cross potent placed above circlet of dots orna- mented with star (i.e. globus cr.); in ex., NXXM (20 nummia). |
||||
|
231 |
115. |
JE .9 |
[Bought of E. Asch- kenasi, of Tunis, 1854] |
[PI. xvni. 14.] |
|
|
232 |
118-5 |
JE 1. |
[de Salis gift] |
' A specimen of this class found in Barbary (Falbe in Qroie's Blatter far MUnzkunde, u(1886),p.l76, No. 1).
15()
mPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
233
234
235
236
237
238
Weight
125.6
122.
94-8
99.4
81.8
67.2
Metal and Size
M .7
M -8
M .8
JS .75
M .7
M -lb
Obveise
DNMAVRITPPAVr
Bust of Maurice Tiberius facing, wearing helmet (with globus cr.) and armour.
[Bought of Louis Fraser in 1847 with other African coins]
(dnmavr.it ..a vcr)
Reverse
N M In centre,
cross potent placed above small globus ; beneath, XX
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. XIX. 1.]
K
Inscr. Bustof Maurice I ^(cK^lc above, N+M Tiberius facing'; | in ex., INDIII (In-
wears helmet (with cross and globe) and armour ; in r. , globus cr. ; 1. liolds shield with horseman de- ! vice.
I
DNfTIBM?] AVRIC
IP [Purchased, 1904]
DNTIBEIIA VWC.
[Purchased, 1904]
DNTIB[EM] AVRICI
dictio m) »
[PI. XIX. 2,]
Inscr. Bust of Maurice Tiberius facing, wearing helmet (with cross and globe) and armour.
DNTI VC
RICPPA
N M In centre, cross potent placed above circlet of dots with pellet in mid- dle (i. e. globus cr. ) ; beneath, X
[PL XIX. 3.]
Date
Iud.ni
= A. D.
584/5 IncLin
= A. D.
584/5 Ind.in
= A. D.
584/5
* There is aho an Indictio III equivalent to a.d. 599/600, but it seems more likely that these coins and others of similar fabric were an issue made early in the reign of the Rmperor, i. e. in the Indictio III that corresponds to a. d. 584/5.
MAURICE TIBERIUS- CARTHAGE-6
151
No. j Weight
-I-
239 240
51.7 56.
Metal aod Sue
JE .7
JE -65
241 242 243
6-2.4 63.7 59-8
244
245
53.2
36.
JE -7
JE .65
M .65
M .7
M .5
Obverse
DNTIBMAV KICIVS PPA
DNMAVR[TI B?]P A., (helmet with plume).
Reverae
[E. Aschkenasi of Tunis, 1854]
(Small globus instead of circlet ; pellets above and below N and M) [Purchased, 1904]
Inscr. BustofMaurice Tiberius to front, looking 1. ; wears diadem,paludamen- tum and cuirass ; in ex., INDS (Indictio VI).
DNMA RICIT(«c)
DNMAV RICITI
DNMA VRIC.
N M In centre, cross potent on two steps ; be- neath, X
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. XIX. 4.]
[Borrell sale, 1852, lot 1072]
I
DNTIM AVRICI .
Bust of Maurice Tiberius facing, wearing helmet (with cross and globe), paludamen- turn and cuirass.
[E. Aschkenasi of Tunis, 1854]
DNMAV [TIB€R?JP Bust ol Maunce Tiberius r., wearing diadem,paludamen- tum and cuirass.
surmounted by cross; above, N M; on r. and 1., cross; in ex., INDIII (In- dictioUI).^
[PI. XIX. 6.]
Cross potent ; on 1. , N ;
M ; beneath,
on r., €
[Purchased, 1904]* [PI. XIX. 6.]
Date
Ind.VI
= A. 1).
587/8 Ind.VI
= A.I).
587/8 Ind.VI
= A. D.
587/8
Ind.ni
= A. D.
584/5
> Cp. Thomaen Cat., No. 380.
* Cp. Thomsen Cat., No. 888 ; Sab., PI. XXVI. 14. The € denoiuination also occun with the date IND III (odr. bust facing); see Thomsen Cat,, No. 381 ; Sab., No. 64.
152
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
Weight
246
247
248
249
250
251
56-4
30.7
25.7
63.
64-8
35.7
Metal and Size
M .6
-E .5
^ .6
JE .55
^ .6
M .55
Obverse
Revene
Date
V
DNCnA VRICI Bust of Maurice Tiberius facing but looking 1. ; wears diadem and armour ; in ex., INDS(IndictioYI).
[Presented bv Miss K. McDowali; 1904]
[Purchased, 1904]
N M In centre, palm-tree ; beneatli,
(Thick flabric)
[n, XIX. 7.]
Vni. SICILY (Catina mint)
Inscr. Bust of Maurice Tiberius facing; wears helmet and armour; in r., globus cr.
. . PPAVS
^Ll A(i.e.StaKa)» CI
[Prof. S. Verkovich, 1859] [PI. XIX. 8.]
DNmAVR [TBPPA ; (A for A)
VC?] j [de Salis gift]
DNmAVR ..PPAVC (AforA)
i [Purchased, 1864]
Ind.VI
= A.I>.
587/8 Ind.VI
= A.T>.
587/8
Ind.VI
= A.D.
587/8
Cp. Rev, num,, vii. 20 ; Photiades Cat., No. 250.
MAURICE TIBERIUS-SICILY— V
153
|
1 No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse |
Reverse |
Date |
|
|
1 Inscr. BustofMaurice Tiberius facing:, wearing^ helmet Twith cross), palu- aamentum and cuirass ; in r. , globus cr |
I on L, A N N 0 in ex., CAT (i.e. CAT) |
|||||
|
252 |
514 |
M |
.55 |
..mAVRC |
On r., 1 [de Salis gift] [PI. XIX, e.] |
1 = 582/3 |
|
253 |
44.2 |
^ |
.55 |
R.ICPPAVC |
On r., 1 [Northwicksale,1860] |
1= 582/3 |
|
254 |
45. |
^ |
.55 |
ICPPAVC |
On r., Ill [Purchased, 1904] |
3= 584/5 |
|
255 |
43.3 |
^ |
.55 |
TIBPPA VC |
On r., ^ [Northwick sale, 1860] |
6 = 587/8 |
|
256 |
59.3 |
^ |
•6 |
DNmAVRC TIB (helmet with plume). |
On r., ^l [Presented by Mr. Felix Slade, 1868] |
7= 588/9 |
|
257 |
47.6 |
JE |
.55 |
[DNmAVKC TIBPP AVC ?] (helmet with plume). |
Onr.,<illl [Presented by Mr. Felix Slade, 1868] |
9= 590/1 |
|
258 |
40. |
M |
.55 |
TIBPPAV (helmet with plume). |
On r., X III [M. J. Borrell, 1852] |
13= 594/5 |
|
•259 |
664 |
JE |
.6 |
TIBPPAVC (helmet with plume). |
Onr., X [Purchased, 1904] |
19= 600/1 |
|
260 |
48-8 |
M |
.6 |
ONPnAVKC TIB (helmet with plume). |
Onr., X <1lll [Purchased, 1904]' |
19= 600/1 |
|
V |
||||||
|
261 |
19.6 (worn) |
JE |
.5 |
[DNMAVR.ICIVSPP AV?]« Bust of Maurice Tiberius r., wearingdiadem and armour. |
* V* in ex., CAT [Northwicksale,1860] [PI. XIX. 10, rev.] |
* de Saulcy {Rev. num,, iv, p. 249) mentions year XXI in the Soleirol collection ; also yean 11 and XVII.
» Cp. Sab., H. XXVI. 16; de Saulcy in Rev. num., 1842, p. 407.
154
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
Weight
262
97.1
69.5
264 265
266
36-6 28.2
23.
267
67.8
Metal and Size
Obverse
Reverse
JE .7
^ .75
^ .55 M .55
N -9
IX. ROME
XX
Inscr. Bust of Maurice Tiberius facing wearing helmet and armour; in r. , globus cr.
..mAVRICITIbPPA
[Purchased, 1904]
CnAVRICTIbPA
Inscr. BustofMaurice Tiberius facing, wearing helmet and armour; in r., globus cr.
..CnAVR ICIPPAC
..mAVR ICIPPAC
DNCnAVR
/V/V above, cross ; in ex., KOM
Pellet between numerals; two pellets above cross.
Pellets below second numeral. [PI, XIX. u.]
within wreath.
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. XIX, 12.]
[Purchased, 1904]
X. RAVENNA Solidus
DNTIb€Rm AVRIC PPAVC Bust of Maurice Tiberius facing; wears hel- met (with cross) and armour; in r., globus cr. ; L holds shield with horse- man device.
(A for A)
[de SaUs gift]
VICTORI AAVC
Victory in chiton and peplos standing facing; in r., long cross ending in P or P; in L, globus cr.; in ex., CO NOB
B at end of inscr. [PI. XIX. 18.]
MAURICE TIBERIUS-RAVEXXA— GOLD
155
Weight
69.
G8.
68-3
68-7
67.
68.
68.7 67.9
62.3
22.
Uetal and Size
N .85
N .8
N -8
N .8
AT .85
N .85
AT .85
Af .85
AT .8
U .6
Obverse
(A for A but ends
AVS) [C. A. Murray, 1849]
Bevene
B at end of inscr.
DNtnAVRC TIbPP ;
AVS AsNo. 267, but helmet has plume instead of cross, and I semicircular oma- ' mcnt ; no shield.
[Blacas, 1867] ;
[Blacas, 1867]
[Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1863]
(A for A) [Purchased, 1864]
(A for A) [Royal Collection]
(m for m) (AVC) (head lai-ge)
(AVC)
[Bank of Engfland gift, 1877]
VICTORI AAVCC
As No. 267 ; in ex., CONOB
B at end of inscr. [PI. XIX, 14.]
B at end of inscr. (A for A)
r at end of inscr.
? at end of inscr.
H at end of inscr. ; in field r., star.
^ at end of inscr. ; in
field r., cross. (A for A)
6 at end of inscr. (A for A) [Purchased, 1870] [PI. XIX. 16.]
I at end of inscr. (in ex., C+N+B)
Tremissis
DNCnAVRC TIbPPA
VC Bust of Maurice
Tiberius r., wearing
diadem, paludamen-
tum and cuimss.
[Dr. Nott's sale, 1842]
VICTORIAAVCVS TORVN (sic). Vic- tory advancing to front, looking L ; in r., wreath; inl., globus cr. ; in ex., CONOB; in fieldr., star.
[Pl. XIX. 16.]
Date
156
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
|
278 |
23. |
|
279 |
22-7 |
|
280 |
22.1 |
|
281 |
5.6 |
282
283
133.
Metal and Size
M .6 N .6
Ai 45
63.2
M 1.05
M .75
Obverse
[Bkcas, 1867] [Purchased, 1904] [Cracherode gift]
Reverse
(RVm for RVN)
Silver
Inscr. Bust of Maurice Tiberius r. dia- demed, wearing cuirass.
DNCnAVRC . . . . P AV
Cross potent on two steps; whole in wreath.
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. XIX. 17.]
M
|
DNmAVR TIbPPA VC Bust of Maurice Tiberias facing, wearing helmet |
pa on 1., A N N 0 |
|
and armour; in r., globus or. [de Salis gift] |
on r., Q. V 1 N T above, cross ; beneath, € in ex., RAVEN ' [PI. XIX. 18.] |
DNCnAVRC TIbPPA | rKa; above, cross' VC Bust of Maurice! VENN
Tiberius facing,
wearing helmet
(with plume) and
armour; in r.,
globus cr.
[PI. XIX. 19.]
' Cp. de Saulcy, Essai, p. 41 ; Sab., PI. XXIV. 17. For year II (2) see Sab., PI. XXIV. 15 and Windisch-Gratz Cat,, No. 168.
« For ANNO Mill (5), see Thomsen Cat, i, No. 346.
MAURICE TIBERIUS-RAVENNA— I
157
No. Weight
•284 80-7
285
Metal and Size
M .75
M -8
Obverse
(mAVR.)
[Royal Collection]
[Purchased, 1904]
286
43.6
^ .65
XX
DNTIbCm AVRICP I W PA Bust of Maurice \ n/\VEN '
Tiberius facing, wearinghelmetwith cross and armour; in r., globus cr.
[de Salis gift] [H. XIX, 20.]
287
288
36-2
40-5
JE
M -6
DNCnAVR. TIbPP
AVC Bust of Maurice
Tiberius r. , wearing
helmet' and ar-
mour.
[Royal Collection]
Prof.
1859]
S. Yerkovicli,
5|cl3|C
[PI. XIX. 21.]
I
^ This specimen is somewhat worn, but the weight is very light compared with the K coins of Kavenna. S S awaits explanation. The letters cannot be the mark of value, nor do they seem to indicate a date or officina. Perhaps they refer in some way to the type, which is a peculiar variety (e. g. Signum Salutis). Or the letters inay conceivably relate to the official or board of officials under whose immediate i^ponsibility the coin was issued (e.g. Scnnium suhurbicanum, mentioned in Diehl, I'Exarchatde Ravenne, pp. 163,164).
' Only the plume or crest of the helmet is represented.
158
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
Weight
289
204.3 ipiet-ced)
Metal and Size
M 1.2
Obverse
Reverse
FAMILY COINAGE: MAURICIU8
TIBERIUS, C0N8TANTINA, his wife, and
THEOD08IU8,hisson.»
CHERSON (a) With Mint-name
M (40
X6PCUJ NOC
Maurice Tiberius (on 1.) and Con- stantina (on r.) standing facing, each nimbate and wearing long robes. The Emperor wears crown and holds in r., globus cr. The Empress wears head-dress with tliree projections and holds in r., long cross. Exergual line.
[Purchased, 1904]
nummia)
M (on r.) ; above it, cross; on 1., Theo- dosius standing facing. He is nim- bate, wears long robes, and holds in r., long cross with
T. Exergual line.*
[Fl. XIX. 22.]
K (20 nummia)
Tvi3es and chv. inscr. as No. 289 ; see Revue heUje, 1862, p. 186.
H
(8 pentanummia = 40 nummia) •
Types as No. 289 ; ohv, inscr. X€PCO*NOC, see Burachkov, Cliersonesus^ PL 17, Nos. 127 and 128 ; cp. Sab., i, p. 249, No. 4, and p. 250, No. 6; and Thomsen 6«^, No. 405, with countermark of Heraclius.
' As to the date of these coinaffes see ' Introd action', § 2, tupra,
' Qi^,Rev.num.,i\, p.249; Sab., i, p.249, No.3 ; Burachkov, Chersonesus, PL 17, No. 125.
' On the denomination, Paul Lambros quoted by Babelon, TmiU, i, p. 617 ; Bev, num^y
1869-70, p. aes.
* O for CO is found on seals of Cherson
Schlumberger, Sigil, p. 238.
MAURICE TIBERIUS AM) FAMILY-CHERSON
159
No.
290
•291 292
Weight
1019
190-7 178.6
Metal and Size
JB 1-05
M 1-15 M 1-2
Obvene
Reverse
A
(4 pentanummia = 20 nummia)
XA. (on r.) ; above it, cross ; on L, Theo- dosius standing", as on No. 289.*
X€P CO NOC Maurice Tiberius and Con- stantina standing facing. (As No. 289.)
[Purchased, 1904]
[PL XIX. 28.]
{p) Without Mint-name
M (40 nummia) ' Types similar to No. 289, but obv. inscr. •ONmAVPPAV ; see Sab., i, p. 249, No. 1.
H
(8 pentanummia = 40 nummia)
■ONnnAVRIC PPAV CAVC Maurice Ti- berius (on 1.) and Constantina (on r.) standing facing, each nimbate and wearing long robes. Above their heads, cross. Tlie Emperor wears crown and holds in r., globus cr. Tlie Empress wears head-dress with two projec- tions and holds in r., long cross. The exergue forms a sort of dais.
[Northwicksale,1860]
rl (on r.) ; above it, cross; on L, Theo- dosius standing facing. He is nim- bate, wears long robes, and holds in r., long cross. Ex- ergual line.
[PI. XX. 1.]
(Exergual line only) [Northwicksale, 1860]
A
(4 pentanummia = 20 nummia) Types as No. 291, obv. inscr. name of Maurice. See de Saulcv, Essai^ p. 44, PI. IV. 9.
Bate
p. Sab., i, p. 250, No. 5 ; Burachkov, op. cit., PI. 17, No. 129.
he following series of M, H and A coins are without the name of the mint, but the specimens resemble in style and fabric (notice especially the jagged ed^es) the pieces that are inscribed with the name of Cherson, and were doubtless issued from the same mint;.
160
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse |
Reverse |
Dat« |
|
CARTHAGE Silver |
|||||
|
rpiNTCODO SIVSP PA Bustof Theodosius |
AM€ |
||||
|
NIT A within border |
|||||
|
facingf, wearing hel- |
SD€I |
||||
|
met (with plume) |
of dots ; whole in |
||||
|
and armour; border |
wreath.^ |
||||
|
of dots. |
|||||
|
293 |
10.2 |
M 55 |
[de Salis gift] DNT60D0 SIVSPPA Bust of Theodosius lacing, wearing hel- met (with circular |
(Pellet over M) [PI. XX. 2.] Long cross, on 1. of which male bust (Maurice Tiberius) |
|
|
wearing helmet |
|||||
|
ornament and triple |
(with triple device) |
||||
|
device) and armour ; |
and armour; on r., |
||||
|
border of dots. |
female bust (Con- stantina) wearing tall head-dress and |
||||
|
drapery; in field, |
|||||
|
r. and L , small cross ; |
|||||
|
in ex., ACTI, i. e. |
|||||
|
Au^usti); border of |
|||||
|
. |
dots.' |
||||
|
294 |
12-3 |
A\ .55 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
[PI. XX. 8.] |
|
|
295 |
11.5 |
Al 55 |
", |
(On r. and L, pellet instead of cross) |
^ Cp. Penoiif Bev. beige, 1857, p. IJ. Sabatier (ii, p. 41, No. 5) assigns this coin and those here described infra to the Emperor Theodosius III of Adramytium, a. d. 716-717. But as Penon and Buchalais have already pointed out the coins in style and types incontestably belong to the sixth or eariy seventh century (cp. M of Carthage, of Mannce Tiberius and previous emperors, with -our No. 293; with Nos. 294, 295 cp. the ^ of HeracliusI, r^.Heracliu8lIandMartinainBriti8hMuseum,'Garthage,*tn/hi) ; they can only belong, therefore, to Theodosius, the*' son of Maurice Tiberius.— Amoenitas seems to have its classical sense — ' voluptas quae ex amoenis rebus percipitur,* as in amoenitatea etudiorum guaerere (Pliny, praef. Nat. Hist.) ; uxor meat ^^^ amoenitas (Plautus). In mediaeval Latin amoenitas has the technical sense of a *pleasaunce* or pleasure-ground (see Du Cange, s.v.). ^ ^
For a silver coin ascribed to Theodosius with rev. ^ see Bev. num., xviii, p. 211, and Sab., ii, p. 42, No. 6.
* Cp. Sab., ii, p. 42, No. 8 (* Theodosius III of Adramytium ') ; C. Penon in Rev. helge, 1857, p. 18 f. Penon, who published a specimen of this coin, rightly assigned it to the time of Theodosius, son of Maurice Tiberius, but his identification of the busts on the rev. as the infant son (otherwise unknown to history) and the wife of Theodosins is veiy improbable. The marriage of Theodosius -his wife was the daughter of Germanus— only took place in a. d. 601-602, and it may be further noted that these busts are inscribed Augusti (cp. Ave, AVC on the M supra, No. 291). The simplest explanation is to regard the bust on the ohr. as that of Theodosius and the two busts on the rev. as those of Maurice Tiberius and Constantina the Empress. The very youthful appearance of the busts on the i^v. is probably not intentional, but due to the unskilfulness of the engraver.
MAURICE TTBERroS—NON-MPERIAL COINS 161
COINS WITH THE NAME OF MAURICE TIBERIUS NOT ISSUED AT THE IMPERIAL MINTS.
LoMB^BD Imitations. — Chiefly tremisses^ some yery rude. There are also tilver coins, type CN in wreath, which are probably Lombardic. Aiao % series of 9oliat classed by de Salis as Hispano-Byzantine. Some of these are of nnnsaally small module and of thick fabric, and are characterized on the obv. by the letters AN followed by a numeral (A, B, T, &c.). Montagfu Cat.y No. 1111, is a specimen of the solidus of small module. MIontagu CcU.j No. 1108, is a coin of larger module, and is in that catalogue mi^akenly attributed to * Tiberius Constantino, Maurice Tiberius, and Anastasia'.
On the Merovingian imitations, see Prou, Cat. dea monn. Mirov.y p. xxiii, &C., p. 300, Ac, ; de Belfort, Monn. Mhw, ; Babelon, Traite^ i, p. MO ; Keary, Coinages of West. Eur.^ p. 71 f.
162
PHOCAS
23 NovBMBEB, 602—4 Octobkb, 610
LEONTIA, his wife.
Mints = I. Constantinople; IL Thessalonica ; m. Nicomedia; IV. Cyzicas; V. Antioch ; VI. Alexandria ; VII. Carthage ; VIII. Catina ; IX. Rome ; X. Ravenna.
No.
Weight
67-8
65-3
67.0
68-2
68.3
69-2
67.
(pierced)
65.7
Metal and Size
Obvene
Reverse
AT -85
U .85
N .85
N .85
N -85
AT .8
N -8
M .8
I. CONSTANTINOPLE Sol id us
"ONFOCAS P6R.PA VC Bust ofPhocas, facing, withpoiijted beard; wears crown (with globus cr.) and armour; in r., globus cr.
(AVC)
[Pl. XX. 4.]
(Inscr. imrtljT double- struck) '
[C. A. Murray, 1849] SP€RP
(■ONFOCA AVC)
CONN for T)N) (•DNNforT)N)
CONN for -ON) On r., star.
Date
VICTORIA AVSM
Vi(ftory in chiton and peplos standing facing; in r., long
cross ending in T ; in L, globus cr. ; in ex., CONOB
At end of inscr., A [Purchased, 1904]
At end of inscr., B [Purchased, 1904]
At end of inscr., P [C. A. Murray, 1849]
(VICTORI AAVCC) At end of inscr., P
(VICTORI AAVCC) At end of inscr., A [Royal Collection]
i At end of inscr., € [Colonel de Bosset]
At end of inscr., € [Bankof England gift, 1877]
At end of inscr., € ;
on r., ^ [C. A. Murray, 1849]
PHOCAS-CONSTANTINOPLE- GOLD
163
|
No. . Weight |
Metal and Size |
|
|
9 69. |
N .85 |
|
|
10 68-7 ipiened) |
N .85 |
|
|
11 66. (pierced) |
AT .8 |
|
|
12 ' 68.3 |
U .85 |
|
|
13 |
68-5 |
AI .85 |
|
14 |
67.7 |
N .8 |
|
15 |
68. |
AT .8 |
|
16 |
69. |
AT .85 |
|
17 |
68.8 |
AT .85 |
|
18 |
66.9 |
N .85 |
|
19 |
66.8 |
AT .8 |
|
20 |
67.2 |
N .8 |
|
21 |
66.2 |
AT .85 |
|
22 |
684 |
N .8 |
|
23 |
68-5 |
AT .85 |
|
■u |
68-4 |
AT .85 |
|
25 |
65.7 |
AT .8 |
Obyene
[Royal Collection]
(Ends AV)
[Lord Elgin] (DNNforT)N)
[C. A, Murray, 1849] [C. A. Murray, 1849]
(P€R for P€RP) [C. A. Murray, 1849]
On r., star. [Royal Collection]
(dNNforT)N)
[C. A. Murray, 1849]
[C. A. Murray, 1849]
(T)NNforT)N) On r., star. [Blacas, 1867]
Reverse
(VICTORS AAVCC) At end of inscr., €
At end of inscr., € [C. A. Murray, 1849]
At end of inscr., € [C. A. Murray, 1849]
At end of inscr., Z [Pembroke sale, 1848, lot 1461]
(Ends AVSM[€?]); in field r., S
(Ends AVSg[€ ?]) ; in field r., Z
(AVSMI)
[Purchased, 1904]
(AVSM for AVSM) At end of inscr., H
At end of inscr., H
(VICTORI AAVCC) At end of inscr., H
At end of inscr., 6 [C. A. Murray, 1849]
(VICTORI AAVCC) At end of inscr., 6
(VICTORI AAVCC) At end of inscr., 6 ; on r., star.
At end of inscr., I [Lieut.-Col. Ross, 1846]
At end of inscr., I At end of inscr., I
(VICTORI AAVCC)
At end of inscr., I ; on r., star.
Date
164
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No. 26
27
28 29
30 31
32 33
34
Weight
652
62-8
30. 312
Metal and Size
22-
22-3
(piei'ced)
22.7 22.6
22.
JJ .85
AT .85
AT .75
U .7
Al .65
N .7
Al .7
N .65
N -65
Obverse (O for "0)
[Rich] [PI. XX. 6.]
Reverse
Date
(VICTORI AAVCC) I I At end of inscr., I
At end of inscr., I ; i in ex. (instead of CO NOB) OB+JK'
Se missis
"DNFOCAS P€RAVC Bust of Phocas r., beardless, wearing diadem, cuirass andpaludamentum.
[de Salis gift] [Purchased, 1864]
VICTORIA AVSM Victory in chiton advancing to front, looking back 1. ; in r., -wreath; in 1., globus cr. ; in ex., CONOB
[PI. XX. 6.]
Tremissis
"DNFOCAS P€RAVC Bust of Phocas r., beardless, wearing diadeni,paludamen- tum and cuirass.
[PI. XX. 7.]
(d for X))
(ONFOCA SPPAV) (DNFOCAS PPAVC)
VICTORIFOCAS
AVS Cross potent ; beneath, CONOB
[de Salis gift] (AVC)
(AV)
[Cracherode gift, [PI. XX. 8.]
(AVI)
[Purchased, 1847] «
* Cp. Sab., i, p. 252 (Phocas), No. 2 with OB. XX. A similar exergue ocean on a Bolidus of Tiberius II Constantine, supra, p. 106, No. 9. On a solidus of Heraclins and his son (Brit Mus. infm) we find BoXX in the exergue.
' Silver.— See in/m, under Carthage and Ravenna. There is also a small silver coin, nv, cross between two palm-branclies (mint, ? Carthage), weight 6 to 7 grains: see descriptions in Sab., No. 6 ; Photiades Cat., p. 17, No. 258 ; Sabatier in Mem. soc. tTarek. St. Pit., iv (1850), p. 314, PL XX. 38 ; Thomsen Cat., No. 408. A large silver medallion
PHOC^— CONSTANTINOPLE— M
165
No.
Wei«^t
Metal and | Size
Obvene
35
189-
JE l.-i
36 I •220.8 I JE 1-3
M 1.15
|
37 |
177.5 |
|
38 |
149.8 |
|
39 |
171.5 |
M 1.15
^ 1-25
Reverse
M
T>mFOCA 6PPAVC Phocas, bearded, and Leontia stand- ingto front, wearing longrobes ; between their heads, cross. The Emperor is
! crowned and holds in r., globus cr. ; the Empress is nimbate and holds in r. , long cross. *
(Traces of restriking) [de SaHs gift]
CDmFOCA[€?] PPA VC)
[de Sails gift]
(End of inscr. off the flan) [Purchased, 1904]
(Restruck) [de SaUs gift]
(Inscr. partly obscure) [Purchased, 1904]
m
on L, A
N
N
O
above, cross.
Onr.,1; inex.,CONr
On r., I; in ex., CON A [PL XX. 9.]
Onr., l;inex.,CON€
Onr.,l;inex.,CON€
Onr.,ll;inex.,CONr 2=
608 4
Date
1 = 602 8
1 = 602 S
1 = 602/8
1 = 602/8
with a similar rev, type (wt. about 215 grains) is published by A. Tauber in Num, Zeit.,
described sus of silver ?) ; also a silver coin with >w. TORA : Sab., i, p. 254, No. 9 ;
C de Saulcy, p. 46, PL V. 4, probably of Heraclius I (Carthage) : see on this, Barth^lemy, fiev. num., 1857, p. 261.
^ On well-preserved specimens (like No. 86) the Empress is seen to wear pendent ornaments over the breast and the edge of the dress is dotted as if fringe or embroidery were indicated.
166
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE , COINS
No.
40 41
42
43
44
45 46
47
Weight
160.G (pierced)
192.8 152. 1522 169.5
194. 152.3
184.7
Metal and Size
M 11
M 1.2
^ 1.3
^ 1.1
M 1-15
^ 1.2 ^ 1.15
-E 1.25
Obverse
Reverse
xxxx
•OmFOCAS P6RPA VC Bust of Phocas facing', bearded, wearing crown (with cross) and consular robes; in r., mappa; in 1., cross.
[Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904]
XXXX
above, ANNO
Onr.,IP;inex.,CONA Onr.,ll;inex.,CONA
Onr.,ll;inex.,CONB*
Onr.,ll;inex.,CONA II
Onr.,U;inex.,CONA
(Restruck on M coin of Maurice Tiberius, Antioch mint : on obv.^ remains of TH€UP^, &c. ; on rev.^ remains of legend CNFAUT and traces of bust.)
[Purchased, 1904]
(Ends AV ; inscr. partly obscure) [Purchased, 1904]
(Inscr. incomplete) [do Salis gift]
Onr.,^;inex.,CON€
On r., ^1 ; in ex., CON€ (Restruck.?) [PI, XX. 10.]
On r., ^ II in ex., [C]ON€
(Restruck on M coin of Maurice Tiberius : on obr., remains of .AVRICITI b€RIPPAVC and traces of helmet; on rev.^ ANNO and traces of M)'
* This year (here slightly obscure) occurs in Thomsen Cat, No. 412.
« With r, Pichler, Bepertorium, p. 229.
^ On the rev, of this specimen, owing to the restrikinff, the denomination appean OS XXX instead of XXXX. According to Photiadcs Cat., No. 260, and Windisch-Gr&tz CVif., No. 181, there was a distinct denomination XXX at the Constantinople mint of years 4 and 5. No such coins occur in the British Museum. The denomination XXX was represented on coins of Tiberius II Gonstantine.
PHOCAS— CONSTANTINOPLE-
xx
167
No. Weight; '*Ǥ^'"<'
48 , 115.8
50
1024
83-6
ol , 81.7 (pierced)
52 j 111.7
53
91.6 (pierced)
54 i 81-7
JE 1.
M .8
M 1.3
-E 1.
M 1.
^ 1.
£ .85
Obvene
Reverae
XX
Date
•OmFOCA 6RPAV Phocas and Leontia standing facing, each crowned and wearing long robes. The Emperor holds in r., globus cr. ; the Empress, cruciform sceptre. Above, small cross.
[Found at Candia in Creteand presented by Mr. Akn J. B. Wace, 1905]
•DNFOCA P6RPAVC Bust of Phocas facing, in consular dress, holding mappa and cix)ss (as on No. 40).
/\/\ above, small ! cross; in ex., CON A |
[PI. XX. 11.]
XX
[Purchased, 1904] I In ex., CON A
[Presented by Mr. j In ex., CONB Rohde Hawkins, i 1848] I
[Townley Coll.] | In ex., CONB ; above,
(AV)
[Purchased, 1904]
[Townley Coll.]
[Purchased, 1904]
star.
In ex., CONf; above, star. [PI. XX. 12.]
Inex.,CON/i; above, cross.
In ex., CON€ ; above, star.
168
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
Weight
50 57
50.1 31.8 31.6
58 59
39.2 22.
60
175.3
61
136.5
Metal and Size
M .7 M .7 M .75
M .6 M .55
M 1.15
M M
Obverse
Reyene
"OmFOC APPAVC Bust of Phocas facing, bearded ; wears crown ^with cross) and paluda- mentum and cuirass.
[de Salis gift] (T>mFO CAP€) (T>FO CAP€)
above, cross.
[PI. XX, 18.]
[de Salis gift]
(Rectangular flan) [de Salis gift]
LI (5 nummia)
Inscr. Bust of Phocas | (J r., beaniless ; wears diadem and dra- pery.
.OCASPPAV
.OCAPAV
[de Salis gift] [PI, XX. 14. J
[Purchased, 1904]
n. THESS.VLONICA
xxxx
•OmFOCA P€RP AVC Bust of Phocas facing, bearded; wears crown (with globus cr.)and con- sular robes; in r., mappa; inl., cross.
XXXX
above, ANNO in ex., T€S
Onr., II II [PI. XX. 16, rev.]
(Restruck on M coin of Maurice Tiberius, Antioch mint :^ on rei\^ remains of inscr.
•DNmAgn cNPAur)
[PI. XX. 16.] ! On r., M
PHOCAS— THESSALONICA— X X
169
No.
Weight
62
74.5
63 68-
64
65
78.4
88-5
66
69-3
Metal and Size
M -85
M .95
JE -9
M .85
J^ »^o
Obverse
Reverse
XX
"OmFOCA 6RPAVC
(sic) Phocas, beard- ed, and Leontia standing' to front, wearing long robes ; betweentheirheads, cross. The Em- peror is crowned and holds in r., globus cr. ; the Em- press is nimbateand holds in r., long cross.
[Purchased, 1904]
/\*/\ above, cross; in ex., T€S
[de Sails gift] [Pl. XXI. 1.]
(Kestruck on a K coin (of Maurice Ti berius ?) of Thessalonica ; on reo.^ traces of T€S, ANNO I)
[Lynch, 1856]
(■DNFOCA [P€RP AVC?])
(Restruck : on rec.^ traces of SPPAVI ; a Thessalonicii coin of Justinian I or Justinus
n?)
[Purchased, 1904]
ONFOCAS P6RPA V*C Bust of Phocas facing, bearded ; wears crown (with globus cr.) and con- sular robes; in r., mappa; in L, cross.
[PresentedbytheHon. J. K Warren, 1860]
•\ 4\ above, cross ; in ex., T€S
[PI. XXI. 2.]
(Restruck on another coin of Phocas, probably of Thessalonica: on rec,^ traces of FOCAS)
Date
170
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse |
Reverse |
Date |
|
r |
i K |
> |
|||
|
1 |
T)mFOCA€ P6RPA VC Bust of Phocas facing", bearded; 1 wears crowa (witli . globus cr.), cuirass '> andpalndamentum; 1 in r., globus cr. |
K on 1., A N N O in ex., T€S |
|||
|
67 |
87.7 |
JE .9 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., 1 |
1 = 602/3 1 = G02/» |
|
68 |
74.2 |
iE .8 |
[de Salis gift] |
On r., 1 |
|
|
69 |
99.2 |
M .85 |
(ONFOCAS P€RPA VC) |
Onr., II [Northwick sale, 1860] » [PI. XXI. 8.] |
2= 603'4 |
|
m. NICOMEDIA |
|||||
|
M |
|||||
|
•OmF OCA INP€R AV« Phocas, bearded, and Leontia stand- ing to front, wear- ing long ix)bes ; be- tween their heads, cross. The Emperor is cro\\Tiedand holds in r., globus cr. ; the Empress is nimbate and holds in r., long cross. |
Ill above, cross ; on 1., A N N 1 O ' |
||||
|
70 |
190. |
JE 1.3 |
[Presented by Mr. Rohde Hawkins, 1848] |
In ex., NIKOB; on r., 1 (Double-struck) [PI. XXT. 6.] |
1= 602/3 |
^ A specimen of year 5 is published in M^, ai-ch, soc, Sf, Pdt, iv (1850), p. 315 ; cp. Sab., No. 32, PI. 27. 15.
' A corresponding coin of Gyzicus has NPCRAV (or NP€PAV); at Antiocb we find N€P€AV (cp. blundered legend on XX coins of Thessalonica).- de Saalcy {Essai, p. 50) suggests that the exclamation Ne Pereat is intended, but adds: 'Toilk une interpretation qui rappelle quelque pea le P. Hardouin et pour la defense de laquelle je ne suis vraiment pas dispose h. rompre des lances.' Probably the legends are only blundered. Such blunders would not be surprising at Antioch, though some- what strange at Cysicus.
No.
Weight
Metal and Size
PHOCAS— NICOMEDLV— X XXX Obvene
171
71
72
73
161-8
176-8
173-
74
76
193-
1868
76
162-
M 1-1
M 1-15
M 1-2
M 1-16
M 13
M 1.2
Berene
Date
xxxx
X>mFOCA P6FUV S I XXXX Bust of Phocas above, ANNO facing;, bearded ; wears crown (with globus cr.) and con- sular rol)es ; iii r., mappa; inl., cross.
On r., II II I inex., NIKOA
(Restruck)
[North wicksale, 1860]
(Inscr. obscure)
Onr., II II in ex., NIKOB [PI. XXI. 4.]
On r., M in ex., NIKOA
(Restruck, probably on M coin of Jus- tinian I, of Nicomedia: on rev.y traces of profile bust r. ; on oir., traces of M)
[de Salis gift] On r., H
in ex., NIKOB
(Double-struck or restruck)
[Purchased, 1904]
Onr., H(?) in ex., NIKOB
(Restruck on M coin of Maurice Tiberius : on rev., traces of legend, Tib, &c., and remains of bust and plume of helmet)
[Purchased, 1904] , On r., M(?)
! in ex., NIKOB
Restruck ou M coin of ^Maurice Tiberius : on *rc., ivinnins of legend, fHAVKI Tlb€R.PP; on obe., A
N
N
O
4=
606/6
4=
605/6
5=
606/7
6= 606/7
5?
5?
172
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
Weight
77 78
79 80
64-7 87-2
794 91.3
81
82
191.
148.2
Metal and Size
JE -75
M -8
M .85
M .9
M 1-2
M 1-25
Obverse
Beverse
XX
Inscr. BustofPhocas facing, holding mappa and cross (as No. 71).
•OmFOCA
[Porcliased, 1904]
"OmFOCA P€PA...
(helmet with triph^ device instead of cross).
"DFOCA P€P C
[de Salis gift]
XX
above, cross.
■omFO
[de Salis gift]
Onr., Ill in ex., NIK6B
Onr., II I in ex., NIKOA [Purchased, 1904]
On r., M in ex., NIKOB> [PI. XXI. 6.]
On r., M II in ex., NIKOB
IV. CYZICUS
M
Inscr. Phocas, beard- ed, and Leontia standing to front, wearing long robes ; between their heads, cross. The Emperor is crowned and holds in r., g'lobus cr. ; the Empress is nimbate and holds in r., long cross.
Ill above, cross ;
on 1., A
N
N
O
J
"DNFOCAV NP€R' AV
[de Salis gift]
.NFOC>i[2.^]. NP€
Onr., I; inex.,KYZA [PI. XXI. 7.]
Onr., l;inex.,KYZA
[Presented bv Mr.
RW.Hasluck;i905]
» Year Ml (6) in Thomsen Cktt., No. 422.
' On tho legend see note on M coins of Nicoiuedia, sttpm.
PHOCAS— CYZICUS-XXXX
173
No. i Weight 83
81
208-5
180-8 (pierced)
85
86 87
195.
174. 156.2
162. 89 I 156-6
90
91
92
180.6
140-6
176-7
Metal and Size
M 1-2 M 1-35
-E 1-3
M 1-2 JE 1-15
iE 1-25 ^ 125
iE 1-15
JS 1-15
M 1.25
ObTene
Revene
"DN €PPAV Onr.,l;iiiex.,KYZA
[de Sails gift]
■DNFOCA Our,, [1-?]
[de Sails gift] i in ex., KYZB
(Restruck ?)
xxxx
Inscr. Bust of Phocas j XXXX facing, bearded ; ] above, ANNO wears crown (with i globus cr.) and con- I sular robes ; in r., I mappa ; in 1., cross ; j in field L, small cross.
ONFOCA [S^JPCR. PAV (no cross in field), [de Salis gift]
(Inscr. obscure) [Blacas, 1867]
X>NFOCAS
[Presented by Mr.
Henry Doubleday,
1854]
(Restruck)
Onr., ill in ex., KYZA [Fl. XXT. 8.]
Onr., Ill in ex., KYZB
Onr., II; in ex., KYZA 11
"DNFOCAS P6R.PA
X>MFOCAS P6R.PA VC
[de Sails gift]
Onr.,li;inex.,KYZB 11
Onr., nil in ex., KYZB
On r.,^; in ex., KYZA
•DNFOCAS P6R.PA VC
[de SaUs gift] (Restruck on coin of Maurice Tiberius : on obv., traces of legend.)
pNFO0]AS P€R.PA Onr.,<i;inex.,KYZB
[de Salis gift]
■DNFOCAS P6R.PAV Onr.,^;inex,,KYZ^ [Purchased, 1904]
Date
1 = 602/3
73
3=
604/5
3= 604/5
4=
605/6
4=
605/6
4= 605/6
6= 607/8
6= 607/8
6= 607/8
174
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No. 93
94
95
9G
Weight
164.7
100.4 170.6
185.7
97 98.7
Metal and Size
M 1.15
M .9
M 1.05
M 1.3
M 9
98
99
90.2
M -95
M .95
Obverse
"DNFOCAS P6RPAV
[F. Parkes Weber gift,
•DNFOCAS
[M. J. Borroll, 1852]
•DNFOCAS P6RPA VC
[de Sails gift]
Inscr. obscure
Reverse
Onr.,^;inex.,KYZB
Onr.,^;inex.,KYZB [PL XXI. 9.]
Onr.,^l;inex.,KYZB
(Date and exergual letters not visible)
(Restruck on M coin of Maurice Tiberius, Cyzicus mint, year XX : on oJr., traces of T>Nm Tib €RP PAV and bust of Maurice Tiberius facing as consul holding^ eagle-headed sceptre; on rei\^ traces of M ANNO XX KYZ : on each side the types of Phocas are less distinct than the original types of Maurice Tiberius.)
XX
T>N.. CA. €PPAVC
Phocas and Leontia standing facing (as onNo.81); between their heads, cross.
[de Salis gift]
iDScr. Bust of Focas facing, bearded; weai-s crown (with globus cr.) and consular i-obes ; in r., mappa; in L, cross.
ONFOC AP6RPA [Purchased, 1904]
•OmFOCA P€RPA VC
[de Salis gift]
XX
above, cross.
In ex., KYZ^ [PL XXI, 10,]
XX
Above, cross ; on r., II in ex., KYZA
Above, cross ; onr., II
in ex., KYZB [Fl. X3CI. 11.]
Date
607/8
607 8
7= 60«/9
2= 603 4
2= 60.^ 4
PHOCAS— ANTIOCH— M
175
No. KJf)
101
Weight
81.6 67.
102
103 104 105 10<> 107 108 105) 110
172.
1605 165.9 166.5 147-3 151-7 151.4 162-8 146.2
Metal and Size
M -95 M -9
^ 1-15
JE 1.05 ^ 1.05 JE 1-05 JE 105 JE 1.05 M 1-05 M 1-05 JE 1-1
ObTerse
"DNFOCAS P6RPAV
[de Salis gift]
•DNFOCAS P6RPA VC
[Purchased, 1904]
M
X)NFOCA N€P€AV' Phocas, bearded, and Leontia stand- ing to front, wearing long robes ; between their heads, cross. The Emperor wears crown (with cross) and holds in r., globus cr. ; the Empress wears crown (with cross) and holds in r., long cross. Pellet in centre of coin.
(Empress has nimbus as weU as head- dress)
[Purchased, 1904]
[de Salis gift]
[Borrell sale, 1852, lot 1075]
[de Salis gift]
|
Reverse |
Date |
|
Above, star; in ex., |
|
|
KYZ* |
|
|
Above, star; in ex., |
|
|
KYZB riocH |
|
|
1 111 above, cross ; |
|
|
onL, A |
|
|
N |
|
|
N |
|
|
o |
|
|
in ex., THCyP' |
|
|
On r., 1 |
1 = |
|
[de Salis gift] |
602/3 |
|
[PI. XXII. 1. |
|
|
On r., il |
2= |
|
[PI. XXTI. 2.] |
603/4 |
|
On r., ii |
2= |
|
603/4 |
|
|
On r., Ill |
3= |
|
604/5 |
|
|
On r., II |
4= |
|
II |
605/6 |
|
On r., M |
5= |
|
606/7 |
|
|
On r., ^ |
5= |
|
606/7 |
|
|
On r., Ml |
6= |
|
607/8 |
|
|
On r., U |
7= |
|
II |
608/9 |
* On the legend see note on M coins of Nicomedia, supra, p. 170. T> has nearly the form of O on the Antioch coins.
176
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse Reverse |
Date |
||
|
"DNFOCA N€P€AV fTl above, cross ; Bust of Focas, on 1., A bearded, facing; N wears crown with N cross and consular | o robes ; in r., mappa ; ] in ex., TH€UP^ in L, eagle-headed sceptre. |
||||||
|
Ill |
155.3 |
M 1. |
[Purchased, 1904] On r., U |
8= 609/10 |
||
|
112 |
1393 |
M 1-05 |
[de Salis gift] On r., U j III 1 [PI. XXIL 3.] |
8= 609/10 |
||
|
XX |
||||||
|
X>NFOCA N€P€AV Phocas, bearded, and Leontia stand- ing to front, as on No. 102. Between their heads, cross. |
/\*/\ above, cross ; on 1., A N N 0 beneath, E |
|||||
|
113 |
72. |
M |
.9 |
(FOC A) [de Sjilis gift] |
On r., 1 |
1= 602/3 |
|
114 |
73.5 |
M |
•85 |
(FO CA) [de Salis gift] |
On r., II [PI. XXTT. 4.] |
2= 603/4 |
|
115 |
84-6 |
M |
.85 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., Ill |
3= 604/5 |
|
116 |
74.6 |
M |
•85 |
Onr., IP II |
4= 605/6 |
|
|
X |
||||||
|
X>NFOCA N€P€AV Phocas and Leontia standing to front, as on No. 102. Be- tween their heads, cross. |
X above, cross ; onL, A N N O beneath, C |
|||||
|
117 |
37.4 |
M |
.65 |
[Purchased, 1904] [PL XXII. 6.] |
(R. for E) ; on r., 1 |
1 = 602/3 |
With year qi (6) in Mtm, soc, anh. St. Pet,, iv (1850), p. 316, No. 56.
PHOCAS— ALEXANDRIA
177
No.
Weight
118 35-2
119
120 121
41.
29. 48.6
122
37.3
123
124
41-6
55.7
Metal and Sise
M .65
M .7
M .65
M .65
M .65
M .55
M .65
Obvetse
[Presented by the Hon. J. L. Warren, 1860]
(€forN€; AforAV) [de Sails gift]
(€ for N€)
(FO for FOCA) [Purchased, 1904]
"ON FOCA N€P€AV Bastof Focas facing, in consular dress, as on No. 111.
[de Sails gift]
BevetBe
(Rfor E); on r., I
On r., II
Onr., 11 On r., Ml
/\ above, cross ; on L, A
N
N
o beneath, E
On r., M 'll [Fl. XXII. 6.]
VI ALEXANDRIA
IB*
Inscr. Bust of Phocas r., beardless, wear- ing diadem, palu- damentum and cuirass. (Type, more or less bar- barous.)
DNISI IVrPPAV
rDNI?)AVC NSSP
I+E)
In ex., AA€X [Purchased, 1904] [PL xxn. 7.]
In ex., AA€[i ?]
Bate
1 = 602/3
2=
603/*
2=
603/4
6»= 607/8
8= 609/10
^ Year ^ (5) in Mim. soc, arch, St, PH,, iv (1850), p. 316, No. 57.
' These coins are so barbarous that it is difficult to believe that they were struck at the Imperial mint. Yet they appear to belong to the time of Phocas, because (i) the Alexandrian coins of his predecessors (Justinian I, Justin 11, Tiberius Constantino, and Maurice Tiberius) are of different fabric, size, and lettering, and (ii) the Alexandrian coins of his successor Heraclius present new cht. types, mne of the specimens in the British Museum show the inscr. DN FOCAS recorded by Sab., i, p. 257, No. 43. On one or two specimens the legend rather suggests the name Justinus (II), but the coins cannot be with certainty assigned to his reign.
A a
178
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
|
125 |
31.8 |
|
126 |
36-6 |
|
127 |
48-7 |
|
128 |
472 |
|
129 |
26-2 |
|
130 |
25-2 |
|
131 |
42-5 |
|
132 |
325 |
|
133 |
24.9 |
|
134 |
27.8 |
135
9.5
Metal and
Size
M 5
.55
M .6
M .6
M .45
M .5
M .55
M 55
M 55
M 45
M 5
Obyerse
(NIVII?) NAPA
NAPP.
DNI2
Nl
N.. IIPAV
OIV VIT?
VA. AIA
OVO OVO
OV. OVO
Reverse
In ex., AA€Z [de Salis gift]
In ex., AA€r
In ex., AA€ (i blun- dered)
In ex., AA€Z [de SaHs gift]
In ex., AA€i [de Salis gift]
In ex., AA€Z [Purchased, 1904]
In ex., AA€Z [Purchased, 1904] [PL xxn. 8.]
Inex.,AA€rZ?1 [Purchased, 1904] [PI. XXII. 9.]
In ex., AA€r [de SaUs gift]
Date
ATAV ; In ex., AA6Z ?
Vn. CARTELVGE
Silver
DNFOCAS rP€RPA VC ? off flanj Bust of Phocas, oearded, facing ; wears crown Twith globus cr.) (and armour ?) ; 1. hand holds cross.
[Purchased, 1904]
A«rUJ within circle of dots; whole in wreath.*
[PI. xxn. lo.j
Another specimen in Schlumberger. MHanges d'arch. byz,, i, p. 63.
PHOCAS— CARTHAGE— X
179
Na
136
137 138
139
140 HI
142
Weight
1125
101. 80-5
100.
60. 60.
4a3
Metal and Sise
M .85
JE .75 M .75
M .65
JE .7
M .6
Obverse
Reverse
XX'
DNFOCAS P€RPA VC Bust of Phocas, bearded, facing; wears crown (with globus cr.) and con- sular robes; in r., mappa; in 1., cross.
[PI. xxn. 11,]
DNFOCA P€RPAV NS («tc). Bust of Phocas, bearded, facing ; wears crown (with globus cr.) and consular lobes ; in r., mappa.
[Purchased, 1904]
(DNFOCAC P€RPA VNS) [D. Campkin, 1853]
(Ends AVS) (triple device instead of cross on helmet).
DNFOCAS P6RPAV
Bust of Phocas, bearded, facing; wears crown (with globus cr.) and robes.
[Purchased, 1904]
[E. Aschkenasi of Tunis, 1854]
(Inscr. obscure) [Purchased, 1 904]
/\*/\ above, cross; in ex., KRTC
On l.,star; onr., €* C * A
[PI. xxn. 12.]
[Purchased, 1904]
nVm above, cross; beneath, star.
[PI. XXII. 18.] (Star ?)
(NO
Date
^ There is also the denomination XXXX, according to de Saolcy, Essai, p. 48; Sab.. No. 18.
' C is probablj a mint-mark (5th officina ?) ; at any rate, as de Sanlcj (p. 48) ba»
B>inted out,. it is not likely to be a date for it occurs also on the Carthage coins of eraclius.
180
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
Weight
143 144
43-5 44-
145
27.6
Metal and Size
^ .7 M .65
M .65
146 147 148
30. 32. 29-1
M .55 M .55
Obverse
DNFOCA P€RP[A
VS?] BustofPhocas, bearded, facing; wears crown (with globus cr.) and robes.
(Inscr. partly off flan) [de Salis gift]
[DNFOCAS P€R
PA?] BustofPhocas, bearded, facing, wearing crown and robes.
Reverse
FOlCA
• X •
(A)
N tS M above, cross ; beneath, cross.*
Vni. CATINA
According to de Saulcy (Rev. num.j iv, p. 250) there is a bronze coin with qY-t and
two stars (like Maurice Tiberius, supra) : cp. Sabat., No. 39 ; also No. 40, of which there is a foj^ry ^NumismatischeZeitschrift (Vienna), vol. 27, p. 124. Also a coin of ANNO III according to Rev. num.^ 1. c.
IX. ROME
X'
DNFOCA P6RPAV X border of dots. Bust of Phocas, bearded, facing, wearing crown (with cross) and robes; in r., cross.
Date
(...OC ASPPAV) (DNFOCA SPPAVC)
[PI. xxn. 14.]
[Purchased, 1904]
^ Another specimen, Tbomsen Cat.^ No. 481 ; cp. Sab., No. 42.
^ For the XX denomination (with ROM), see Thomsen Cat., No. 434.
PHOCAS— RAVENNA— GOLD
181
No.
Weight
149 150 151 152
153
68. 69-1 66-8 67.6
66.5
154
34.
155
22-5
Metal and Size
Al .85
N .85
AT .8
N .8
U -85
N -65
U .65
Obvene
'Reverse
X. RAVENNA Solidus
DNFOCAS PERPA VG Bust of Phocas facing, with pointed beard ; wears crown (with globus cr.) paladamentum and cuirass ; in r. , globus cr.
[de Salis gift]
(DNFOCA SPPAVC)
fCracherode gift, ■■ 1799] ^
(At end of inscr. ,cross) — ' - ,1849]
[C. A. Murray,
(DNF0CA6 P€RPA VC) (no globus on helmet).
VICTORI AAVCC
Victory in chiton and peplos standing facing ; in r., long
cross ending in T ; in L, globus cr. ; in ex., CONOB
At end of inscr., f [PI. XXII. 16.]
At end of inscr., f
(=0
At end of inscr., A (A for A)
(VICTOR I &c. ; A for A) ; at end of inscr., H
At end of inscr., -e- [Purchased, 1904]
Semissis
DNF0CA6 P6R.PA
VC Bust of Phocas r., bearded, wearing diadem( with cross), paludamentum and cuirass.
[de SaUs gift]
VICTORI AAVCC
Victory advancing to front, looking 1. ; in r., wreath; in L, globus cr. ; in ex., CONOB
At end of inscr., 7 [PI. XXII. 16.]
Tremissis
DNFOCAS P€RPA
VC Bust of Phocas r.,
bearded, wearing
diadem(with cross),
paludamentum and
cuirass.
(Beardless) (no cross).
VICTOMAAVCVS TORVN Victory advancing to front, looking 1. ; in r., wreath ; inl. , globus cr.;inex., CONOB; in field r., star.
[Pembroke sale, 1848. lot 1461] [PI. XXII. 17.]
Date
182
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obvene |
Reverse |
Date |
|
|
156 |
22-8 |
Al |
.6 |
(PERP) [Rev. G. J. Chester, |
||
|
1889] |
||||||
|
157 |
229 |
AT |
•6 |
(A for A) Pellet after inscr. |
(A for A) |
|
|
158 |
22-8 |
N |
.6 |
(A for A) Pellet after inscr. [Blacas, 1867] |
||
|
159 |
21.9 |
N |
6 |
[Purchased, 1863] |
(RVm for RVN) (No star) |
|
|
Silver |
||||||
|
DNFOCA SPPAVC |
^K Tname of Phocas) witnin wreath. |
|||||
|
Bust of Phocas r.. |
||||||
|
beardless, wearing diadem (with cross) |
||||||
|
and cuirass ; border |
||||||
|
of dots. |
||||||
|
160 |
53 |
M |
•4 |
|||
|
161 |
6.5 |
& |
.4 |
(No cross) [PI. xxn. 18.] |
[liollin sale, London, 1853, lot 587] |
|
|
162 |
6.1 |
& |
•4 |
[Purchased, 1867] |
||
|
xxxx |
||||||
|
Inscr. Bust of Phocas, | ^ ^ in centre, star bearded, facing ; ■ and two pellets ; in |
||||||
|
wears crown and ex., RAV |
||||||
|
cuirass and paluda- |
||||||
|
mentum; in r.. |
||||||
|
mappa ; in 1., cross. |
||||||
|
163 |
95-8 |
M |
1- |
•OmFOCAS P€R.r.A VC |
Above, AN N^l [de Salis gift] ' fPl. XXU. 19.] |
7= 608/9 |
|
XX |
||||||
|
Inscr. Bust of Phocas, |
X X in centre, star; |
|||||
|
bearded, facing; |
in ex., RAV |
|||||
|
wears crown and |
||||||
|
armour. |
||||||
|
164 |
7a3 |
M |
.6 |
€RPAV. |
[de Salis gift] = |
|
|
[PI. XXII. 20.] |
» Cp. Thomsen Cat, No. 421 ; Sab., PI. 27. 7. Thomaen Cat., No. 411, coin of year 1 ; ? correctly assigned to this Emperor. « Cp. Sab., No. 30.
giTca
PHOCAS— NON-IMPERIAL COINS 183
COINS WITH THE NAME OF PHOCAS NOT ISSUED AT THE
IMPERIAL MINTS.
luombardic imitations. Rude copies of the Ravenna semissis and tremissis.
Merovingian imitations, see Prou, Cat des vionn, M4fvv.^ p. xxvii ; De Bellbrt, Monn. Meroving,^ ^ Massilia/
184
HERACLIUS AND FAMILY
A.D. 610-641.
HERACLIUS, crowned 5 Oct. 610; died 11 Feb. 641.'
HERACLIUS CONSTANTINUS, son of HeracUus (by his first wife Eudocia, who died August, 612), bom 3 May, 612 ; crowned 22 Jan. 613 ; died 24 May, 641.
HERACL0NA8 (Heraclius), son of Heraclius (by his second wife Martina), bom A. D. 615' ; crowned Augustus 4 July, 638.
MARTINA, second wife of Heraclius; married a. d. 614.
Mints = L Constantinople; 11. Thessalonica ; III. Nicomedia; IV. Cyzicas; V. Isaura ; VL Cyprus ; VII. Antioch ; VIII. Alexandria ; IX. Carthage ; X. Sicily ; XI. Rome ; XII. Ravenna.
No.
Weight
65.7
Metal and Size
Obverse
Reverse
N .85
I. CONSTANTINOPLE Solidus
A.D. 610
T>Nh€IUCLI gSPPA VC Bust of Heraclius facing", with pointed beard ; wears crown Twith cross), palu- aamentum and cuirass ; holds in r. globus cr.
[de Salis gift]
VICTORIA AV^y
Victory standing facing,' holding in r.
long cross with T ; and in L , globus cr. ;
m ex..
CONOB
At end of inscr., in ' [PI. XXIII. 1.]
Date
^ On the date, A J. Butler, Arab Conquest of Egypt, p. 800.
' So Bury, Hist, Bom. Etnp., ii, p. 282 : according to rernice {L'Imp, Eindio, p. 294) in A.D. 626.
' Op. Sab., No. 1. The usual rev, of Heraclius is the cross on steps. This itv. is the same as that of the solidi of Phocas, while the ohv. head is scarcely to be distinguished from the head of Phocas, except by the inscription. It is hardly rash to coi^'ecture that the dies for this solidus were engraved before Heraclius became Emperor. The die* engraver, who had had no ' sitting ' and received no directions from the future Emperor, prepared the designs as best he could, on the model of the current solidi of Phocas.
\
HERACUUS— CONSTANTINOPLE— SOLIDUS
185
Weight
694
6?.6
69-
(58.8
67.7
67.7
61.
62.
Metal and Size
N .8
A^ .8
N .8
N .8
N .8
iJ .8
N -75
AT .8
Obvene
Bevene
Circ. A. D. 610— f/rc. a. d. 613 '
dNhCKACLI MSPPA VC Bust of Heraclius facing, with short beard; wears crested helmet (withglobus cr.) and palada- mentum and cuirass ; holds in r., globus cr.
(ON &c.) [Purchased, 1904]
(dNh€IUC LIUSPP AC)
rdNNr«*V)n€RAC LI [Royal Collection]
(E for €J (A for A) [Royal Collection]
fCracherode gift, ^ 1799]
(Crest of helmet smaller than on No. 6) [de Sails gift]
[Blacas, 1867]
[Lonl Elgin]
VICTORIA AVCM
Cross potent on three steps ; in ex., CONOB
At end of inscr., A
At end of inscr., € [Fi. xxm. 2.]
At end of inscr., €
(two steps). (A for A)
At end of inscr., €
At end of inscr., € [PI. XXIII. 8.]
At end of inscr., €
At end of inscr., € ; in field, r., ^
At end of inscr., € ; in field r., H
Date
' Here, and in other cases, undated coins are approximately dated by comparison with the dated bronze coins.
Bb
y
186
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
10 11
12
13 14
15
16 17
Weight
Metal and Size
684 64.6
67.7
69. 57.6
68.
63.7 68.
.8 .85
Obvone
Reverse
Circ. A. D. 613/14— arc. a. d. 630 or later ^
N .85
.85 .8
M .85
.8 .8
ddNNh«€IUCUgS€
rh€iucoNsrpp
AV Bustof Heraclius (on 1.) with short beard, and smaller bust of youthful Heraclius Constan- tine (on r.) facing* ; each wears crown with globus cr., paludamentum and cuirass; above, cross.'
[C. A. Murray, 1849]
(Circular ornaments on crowns)
[Presented by Lord Stratford de Red- cliffe, 1856]
[C. A. Murray, 1849]
(D for d ; A for AV) [Purchased, 1904]
At end of inscr., 5
At end of inscr., B (beneath, BoXX* insteadofCONOB). [PI. xxm. 4.]
At end of inscr., f ; on 1., pellet.
At end of inscr., L
At end of inscr., L [Royal Collection] I
[PI. xxm. 6.] 1
* This coinage probably began about the time of the coronation of the inf&nt Heraclius Gonstantine.
' Sometimes with O form.
' The ohv, type and legend are almost exactly identical with those on a seal of Heraclius (rev. the Vii-gin standing between two crosses) described by Schlumbeiger, Milanges (Tarch, hyz,^ i, p. 261. Man^ solidi of this type were found on the site of the Asklepieion at Athens ; see Svoronos in Joum. int. d'atrh. ttum., 1904, p. 151 f.
* Gp. OBXX on solidi of Tiberius II Gonstantine and Phocas ; note* p. 164, wpm (Phocas). Gp. No. 25, ittfra.
^ The solidi with the small bust of Heraclius are exceptionally neat on the o^- On these pieces the side hair of the Emperor is arranged to curve inwards, and not to point outwards as on most other specimens.
(Without AV) [Purchased, 1904]
[C. A. Murray, 1849]
(Er; AVC) (Bust of Heraclius small).'
VICTORIA AV^y Cross jwtent on three steps ; be- neath, CO NOB
At end of inscr., A
At end of inscr., A [Royal Collection]
At end of inscr., A
Date
HERACIIUS, ETC.— CONSTANXmOPLE— SOUDUS
187
Weight
67.7 68-6
67-6
67.7 (pierced)
68.6 62.7
68.3 57.3
65.4
Metal and
Size
N .85
AT .85
N .8
N .85
N .8
JJ- .9
U .8
N .8
JJ .85
67.3 N 75 66.3 A7 .8
69.2 (pierced)
67.4
A^ .85
Obverse
JJ .75
[CoL de Bosset]
Pellet on r. of Hera- clius.
(A for AV)
(Cup-shaped)
(AVC)
[C. A. Murray, 1849]
(AC for AV) (Double -struck; thin fabric)
[C. A. Murray, 1849]
CA for AV)
[C. A. Murray, 1849]
(Bust of Heraclius small) [de Salis gift]
[C. A. Murray, 1849]
(qqHHhEHAC &c.) (A/ for AV)
(P for M) above, on edge, do NOB and H in intaglio, appa- rently produced by the impression of the 7'ev, of another solidus accidentally left between the dies.
Reverse
At end of inscr., €
At end of inscr., € [C. A. Murray, 1849]
At end of inscr., € [Lieut. -CoL Ross, 1846]
At end of inscr., € [Bankof England gift,
[K, XXm. 6 obv,]
At end of inscr., € ; on r., I
At end of inscr., €0
(o=e?y
[de Sans gift]
At end of inscr., S
At end of inscr., S (beneath, BoXX insteadofCONOB)'
At end of inscr., S ; in field r. and 1., star ; double-struck.
At end of inscr., Z
At end of inscr., H [C. A. Murray, 1849]
At end of inscr., H (Double-struck) [Purchased, 1904]
Date
At end of inscr., H [C. A. Murray, 1849]
» With N or H in field, Ponton D'Am^court Cat., No. 903; for 10 (officina I) see infra. No. 87.
* See note on No. 14, supra.
188
MPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No. 31
32
33
34
35 36
37
38
Weight 69.3
68.
67.6
68.9
69. 673
69.
68.4
Metal and Size
39
40
68. 67.
M .75
N .8
N .8
M .75
N .8
M .8
N .8
N .8
hf .8 N .75
Obverse
'k for AV)
[C. A. Murray, 1849]
[C. A. Murray, 1849]
[J. M.Hilpern,1878] [Bankof Englandgift,
[C. A. Murray, 1849]
(SforR; P for H; head of Heraclius small)
(Bust of Heraclius Constantine large) [Purchased, 1904]
(Bust of Heraclius Constantine large)
Reverse
At end of inscr., H (blundered; B, ap- parently, having been altered in the die to H)
At end of inscr., H (blundered; B al- tered to H ?) ; in field r., e
At end of inscr., H ; in field r., T
At end of inscr., 0; in field r., 0
At end of inscr., I
At end of inscr., I [Purchased, 1904] [PL XXin. 7.]
At end of inscr., 10 [PI. XXTII. 8.]
At end of inscr., 10 [Purchased, 1904]
Issued cin\ a. d. 630 or later
ddNNh€IUCLNS€r h€IUOONSrPPAV Bust of Heraclius (on I.) with long moustache and long beard, and bust of Heraclius Constan- tine (on r.) with whiskers, mous- tache and short beard; each wears crown with globus cr., paludamentum and cuirass ; above, cross.
[Rev. Francis V. J. ArundeU, 1839]
A/)
X. A. Murray, 1849]
'i
VICTORIA AVCH
Cross jwtent on three steps ; be- neath, CONOB
At end of inscr., A * At end of inscr., €
^ Cp. Photiades Cat,, No. 281, with B.
HERACLTOS, ETC. -CONSTANTINOPLE -SOLIDUS
189
|
No. |
Weight |
|
41 |
67.2 |
|
42 |
677 |
43 ! 68.
44
45
624
Metal and Size
hi lb
N .75
N -8
N .57
46
68.5 Al .85
69.1
Al 75
Obverse
[Rich]
(AVI)
[J. E. Sinyanki, 1852]
(AV omitted) [Purchased, 1904]
A for A
[C. A. Murray, 1849]
Reverse
At endof inscr., € [Fi. xxm. 9.]
At end of inscr., € ; in field r., K
At end of inscr., S
At end of inscr., S;
in field r., n (monogram of Hera- clius).*
At end of inscr., I'
Ciix. A. D. 629/30 and later ^
Heraclius (in centre), Heraclius Constan- tino (on r.), and Heraclonas (a di- minutive figure, on L) standing facing; each wearing long robes and holding in r., globus cr. Heraclius has mous- tache and long beard, and wears crown with cross. Heraclius Constan- tlne isbeardless,and wears crown with cross ; Heraclonas wears crown, but the cross is detached from it in order to range with the crosses of the two taller figures.
[C. A. Murray, 1849]
VICTORIA AVCH
Cross potent on three steps; be- neath, CO NOB
At end of inscr., B; in field r., n
Date
^ With 8, Joum. int. eTarch, num^ 1904, p. 152, No. 86 (Svoronos).
« With IB, Joum. int. d'areh. num., 1904, p. 152. No. 88 (Svoronoa).
' The long beard and moustache worn by Heraclius on these coins first appears on dated JS of je&r 20 (=a.d. 629/80). The issue of these gold pieces may, therefore, have begun m that year. At Ravenna a similar sroup of three occurs on the M coins, A.D. 631/2 to 639/40. On the bronze M coins of Constantinople the group of Heraclius, Heraclius Constantine, and Heraclonas is found in year 80, i.e. 689/40 A.D. (Cp. Pemice, VImpemtore Eradio, pp. 294, 295.)
190
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
47
48
49
50 51
52
53 54
Weight
Metal and Size
61.8 N .75
68.4
67.1
69. 68.8
68.5
67.8 (pierced)
69.
N .75
N .8
Obverse
N .75
N .75
N .75
N .8
N 75
[Royal Collection]
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. xxm. 10.]
Heraclius (in centre), Heraclius Constan- tino (on r.), and Heraclonas (on 1.) standing facing, the last two figures being of equal height. Each wears long robes and crown with cross (which sometimes has a trefoil form) and holds in r., globus cr. Hera- clius alone is beard- ed and has mous- tache.
[Purchased, 1904]
(The cross above Heraclonas is de- tached) ' [Purchased, 1904]
[C. A. Murray, 1849]
[Purchased, 1904]
(Cross above Hera- clonas detached) [C. A. Murray, 1849]
Reverse
At end of inscr., H ; in field r., n
At end of inscr., H ; in field r., n
At end of inscr., 0; in field r., n
VICTORIA AVCH
Cross potent on three steps ; be- neath, CO NOB
At end of inscr., A ; on 1., n; on r., A
At end of inscr., A ; on L, "ft ; on r., I
[PI. xxin. 11.]
(At end of inscr., A ;
on 1., n ; on r., b (beneath, 00 NO BA)
At end of inscr., B; on 1., n ; on r., €
At end of inscr., B; on 1., n ; on r., I *
^ This peculiarity is found on the solidi of various officinae that have I in the field of the rev, ; cp. No. 54, &c. Gp. also No. 69 with 6 in field of rev.
* In RoUin Collection (1904) a specimen with + after CONOB ; cp. No. 57, infra.
HERACIIUS, ETC.— CONSTANTINOPLE -SOLIDUS
191
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
|
55 |
69. |
AT .8 |
|
56 |
675 |
U .75 |
|
57 |
69. |
AT .8 |
|
58 |
68. (pmted) |
A/ .7 |
|
59 |
68.7 |
Al .75 |
|
60 |
69. |
N .85 |
|
61 |
68-3 |
AT .8 |
|
62 |
67.8 |
JJ .8 |
|
63 |
67.2 |
N .8 |
|
64 |
66.6 |
AT .75 |
|
65 |
69.6 |
AT .75 |
|
66 |
681 |
U -75 |
|
67 |
68.8 |
AT .8 |
Obverse
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. xxin. 12.]
[George Dennis, 1868]
(Cross above Hera- clonas detached) [Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904] [Purchased, 1904]
[R Parkes Weber gift, 1906]
[Lord Elgin]
[Rich] [Purchased, 1904]
(Cross above Hera- clonas detached) [Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904] [C. A. Mumiy, 1849] [C. A. Murray, 1849]
Reverse
At end of inscr., B; on 1., n ; on r., b
At end of inscr., f ; on 1., n ; on r., A
At end of inscr., f;
on L, n ; on r., I (beneath, CON 0B+)^
At end of inscr., A ; on 1., n ; on r., A
At end of inscr., A ; on 1., n ; on r., 6
At end of inscr., A; on 1., n
At end of inscr., € ;
on 1., n (A for second A)
At end of inscr., € ; on 1., n
At end of inscr., €; on 1., n ; on r., A
At end of inscr., €;
on 1., n ; on r., I (beneath, CON 0B+)«
At end of inscr., €; on 1., n ; on r., b
At end of inscr., € ; on 1., n ; on r., K
At end of inscr., S ;
on L, n
(A for second A)
Date
Gp. Montagu Cat, No. 1132, officma A ; on 1., n ; on r., I ; beneath, CONOB+. Beneath CONOB, Z Z in graffito.
192
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
|
68 |
69- |
N .8 |
|
69 |
68-5 |
N .8 |
|
70 |
67-8 |
A/ .75 |
|
71 |
68. |
.V .75 |
|
72 |
68.6 |
Al .75 |
|
73 |
67. |
N .8 |
|
74 |
68.6 |
JJ .8 |
|
75 |
68.4 |
A/ .7 |
|
76 |
68-3 |
.V .75 |
|
77 |
68.8 |
N .75 |
|
78 |
69. |
A/' .75 |
|
79 |
68. |
N .8 |
|
80 |
68.2 |
A/ .75 |
Obverse
(Cross above Hera- clonns detached) [Purchased, 1904]
(Cross above Hera- clonas detached)
[Miss P. Monk, 1878]
[Sotheby's, 20 Dec, 1852, lot 139]
[Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904]
[Royal Collection]
[C. A. Murray, 1849]
(Cross above Hera- clonas detached) [Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904]
(Cross above Hera- clonas detached) [Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904]
Reverse
At end of inscr., S ; on L, n ; on r., A
At end of inscr., Z ; on L, n; on r., 0
At end of inscr., S ; on L, n ; on r., I
At end of inscr., S ; on L, n
At end of inscr., S; on 1., n ; on r., A
At end of inscr., Z ;
on 1., n; on r., € (A for second A)
At end of inscr., S ;
on 1., n ; on r., b ouble-struck)
At end of inscr., H ;
on 1., n ; on r., A (beneath, 00 NO
At end of inscr., H ; on 1., n ; on r., €
At end of inscr., H ; on 1., n ; on r., 0
At end of inscr., H ; on L, n ; on r., b
At end of inscr., I ;
onL, n; on r., C (A for second A)
Like No. 79, but on r., b (beneath, CON OBA«)
^ A specimen with € in field r. in a private collection, August, 1905. * The solidi, Nos. 50-80, present many varieties on the rev. It is probable that most (if not all) of these varieties were represented at each of the oifferent officinac.
HERACLTOS— CONSTANTINOPLE-SEMISSIS
193
No.
81 82 83
84
85
Weight
Metal and Size
Obverse
Reverse
333 34. 34.4 32.5
33.8
Semissis'
N .7
N .7
dNhERACLI gSPPA VS Bust of Heraclius r., beardless, wear- ing diadem, paLu- damentum and, cuirass. |
(dNhRAOU MSPAl VI)
[Purchased, 1904]
VICTOR.IAAVCM
Cross potent on
M .75 [Royal CoUection]
^ 75
Af .65
[Colonel de Bosset] (A for A; ends AVI)
Inscr. Bust of Hera- clius r., beardless, wearing diadem, paludamentum and cuirass. (Thin fabric ; rude work.)
T)Nh€IUCII NSr^P PAV
globus.
[PI. xxni. 18.]
At end of inscr., €
[PI. xxni. 14.] At end of inscr., € ?
(A)
At end of inscr., I
VIOTORIAAVCM
Globus surmounted by cross potent.
At end of inscr., € [Purchased, 1864]
Date
Although, for convenience of reference, the solidi in this Catalogue are arranged under officlnae (all coins of officina A being placed together, followed by those of officinae B, r, &c.), another instructive arrangement mignt be made by grouping each set of varieties together without regard to the officinae. Thus, the specimens in the British Museum might be classed ^ Allows : —
1. Monogram ( n) and A at officinae A, f, Zi, €, S, Z, H
|
2. |
„ € „ „ B, Z, H [1 in private coll.] |
|
8. |
11 0 )• » S» H, 1 |
|
4. |
„ 1 „ „ A, B, r, s |
|
5. |
,. b „ „ A, B, A, 6, Z, H, 1 |
|
6. |
„ K at officina € |
7. Monogram only at officinae €, S, Z
(The exact chronological order in which these varieties appeared can hardly be determined.)
^ There are no data for determining precisely when the issue of the semissis and tremissis took place. Nos. 85-90 and No. 95 are, obviously, in each denomination the latest issued.
* These legends share some of the barbarity of the ohv. type. From No. 85 it would seem that the legend intended was Dn, Heraclifus) [et?J rColnstfantinus] or Dn. Heraclius Gonstantmus. On other coins we can read Dn. Heraclius T. PP. Au. Svoronos {Joum, int. cTarch. num., 1904, pp. 149, 152) assigns these pieces to Heraclius Con- fitantine. This may possibly be correct, but on the semissis and tremissis (which are always highly conventional) an Emperor who is on other denominations bearded is often represented as beardless. The absence of the beard does not necessarily, therefore, exclude Heraclius I, and it seems to me a littie doubtful whether Heraclius Gonstantine would be represented alone, 1 have described the bust as Heraclius (I). A good many specimens occurred in the finds at Athens {Joum. int, d'arch, num., 1904, p. 152 f.).
C C
Idi
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No. 86
87
88
89
90
91 92 93 94
95
|
Weight |
Metal and Size |
|
33.8 |
N -7 |
|
337 |
AT .7 |
|
32-2 |
AT -7 |
|
332 |
N -75 |
|
33-6 |
AT .75 |
|
22-9 |
M .7 |
|
21.6 |
N S |
|
23-4 |
Af -65 |
|
22.8 |
N .65 |
|
22.2 |
U .7 |
Obvei-se
T>Nh€RACII PAV
HSIP
T>Nh€RACI\ HSIP PAV
T>Nh€RACI\ HirP PAV
Inscr., as No. 88 ? blurred.
T>Nh€RACII PAV
VI€P
Reverse
At end of inscr., S [Burgoyne, 1877] •
At end of inscr., S
At end of inscr., S [PI. xxni. 16.]
At end of inscr., S
At end of inscr., S [Purchased, 1904] (Restruck)
T re missis
dNh€R.ACLI HSPPA VS Bust of Heraclius r., beardless, wear- ing diadem, palu- damentum and cuirass.
(Ends AV)
[C. A. Murray, 1849]
(AVC) (bearded)
[Royal Collection]
(6 omitted ; A for A ;
ends AVI) [C. A. Murray, 1849]
DNh€RACI\ HirPP AV Bust of Heraclius r., beardless, wear- ing diadem, palu- damentum and cuirass (thin fabric ; rude work).
VIOTORIAAVCH
Cross potent on base; beneath, CONOB
[PI. xxin. 16.]
(VICTORI AAVSH6)
[Purchased, 1904]
At end of inscr., S (iy\ye small)
At end of inscr., S (type small) [PI. xxm. 17.]
VICTOMAAVCH
Cross potent; be- neath, CONOB
[PI. XXIII. 18.] At end of inscr., S -
1 Coins of Cyprus, Antioch, Phoenicia, and Egypt were included in the same purchase.
* Cp. Revue helge, 1855, p. 408.
HERACLIUS, ETC.— CONSTANTINOPLE— SILVER
195
No.
Weight
Metal and Size
ObTerse
ReTerse
96
97
99 100
101
102
103 104
100.3 Ai 95
105.3
67.5
(worn)
104. 96.
999 ' M 105
86.
98.8
M .9
Al .9
101.6 I iR .95
Silver Issued A. D. 615 and later *
M .95 M .9
M 1. AX 9
T>T)NNh€IUCLigS6 rh€RACONS Hera- clius (on 1.) with short beard, and Heraclius Constan- tine (a somewhat shorter figfureon r.), beardless, seated facing on double throne; between their heads, cross. Each wears long robes and crown w ith cross,and holds in r., globus cr.
[H. P. BorreU sale, 1852, lot 984]
CONh6IUCILH8€rh €RA)
CONh€IUCIL &c.) [Purchased, 1904]
(After CONS, PPA) [de Sails gift]
(coNrs) roN)
[M. J. Borrell, 1852]
(coNsrp)
(CONST)
T>€gSAT)NrAROm ANIS Cross patt^ on globus resting on three steps. (Base of cross some- times more or less forked; as in Fl. xxm. 20.)
Onr
J
On L, n ; on r., I [de Salis gift]
On 1., n ; on r., I
On L, I
(EndsROTimANIS); on r., K
On r., K
[H. P. Borrell sale, 1852, lot 983]
On r., K
[PI. XXIII. 19.]
On r., K
[de Sails gift]
On r., K [Purchased, 1904]
Date
^ Nos. 96-107. The y6fu(rfm i^pafifioy apyvpAivv = double miliaresion, first coined, according to the Ckfrmieon Alexandrinum (vol. i, p. 706, ed. Bonn), in a.d. 615. Sec further on this denomination, Mommsen, Monti, ivm., iii, pp. 80, 84 ; Babelon, TraiU^ i, p. 573 ; Finlay, Hist., i, p. 449.
196
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse Reverse |
Date |
|
|
105 |
103-2 |
M .85 |
CDN)(COforCONS) ! On r., K ; [Purcliased, 1904] |
||
|
106 |
102. |
M .95 |
(End of inscr. ob- scure) |
' On r., 5|c [de Salis gift] [PI. XXTTT. 20, rev.] |
|
|
107 |
100.6 |
M .85 |
(CO NSr) [Purchased, 1904] ' Circ. A. D. 629/30 and later |
||
|
Heraclius (in centre), Heraclius Constan- tine (on r.), and Heraclonas (on 1.) standing facing, th(» last two figures |
-oensA-omrARonn AMIS Cross patt^e on globus resting on three steps. |
||||
|
being of equal height. Each wears long robes and |
|||||
|
crown with cross, and holds in r., globus cr. Hera- clius alone is beard- ed and has mous- tache. |
|||||
|
108 |
100.6 |
M 1. |
[Purchased, 1904]' |
[PI. XXIII. 21.] |
|
|
M |
|||||
|
(Heraclius only) |
|||||
|
"ONh€RACLI P€RPA 1 M onL, A VC BustofHeracUus' N with short beartl N facing ; wears hel- i 0 met with cross, I above, cross; paludamentum and in ex., CON cuirass ; inr. , globus | cr. 1 |
|||||
|
109 |
145. |
JE M |
(Helmet has plume instead of cross) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., 1 ; beneath, T |
1 = 610/11 |
^ Two coins of the same tvpes as Nos. 96-107 are described, it^jfm, under Ravenna, to which mint 1 have assigned uiem on account of their spread fabric ; also because the cbv, heads resemble those on some of the solidi of Ravenna ; and because Tand V occur (as on the Ravenna coins) instead of T and H found at Constantinople. Also the rep. has a wreath-like border.
' Sabatier possessed six examples of this coin purchased at Tiflis {Mim, soe. arch. St. Pit., 1851, p. 808, No. 40). For another type {rev., cross on globus between two palm-branches), see Sab., i, p. 285, No. 108, and M^. soe. arch. St. FH.. 1851, p. 308, No. 41.
HERACLIUS, ETC.— CONSTANTINOPLE-M
197
No. 110
111 112
113
114
115
116
Weight
1436 151.
226.
182-6
158-2
162-5
152-6
Metal and Size
M 1-2 JE 1.05
JB 1-55
M 1-3
JE 1.15
J£ 1.25
J& 1.2
Obverse
[PL JUUV. 1.]
Beretse
On r., II ; beneath, T
Onr., II ; beneath, A (Restruck)
LIVSPP
Onr., tl ; beneath, A
(DNhlUC AV) [Purchased, 1854]
(Restrack on a lai^ M coin of Tiberius II Ck)nstantine : on rev,, traces of helmet and CONS TANT)
(DNhlU AV) On r., II ; beneath, f
[de Salis gift] I
(Restruck on M coin, probably of Tiberius Constantine : on obv., traces of ANNO &c.)
(Inscr. partly obscure) On r., II ; beneath, A
[Purchased, 1904] (Restruck)*
(DNh &c,, partly obscure)
On r., II ; beneath, € [Purchased, 1904]
(Heiaclins and Heradius Ck>nstantine) Inscr.* Heiaclius (on i M on L, A
L^, bearded, and Heraclius Constan- I tine ^shorter figure > on r.), beardless, standing facing; between their heads, cross. Each wears long robes, crown witii cross, i and holds in r., ; globus cr,
N N O
above, * in ex., CON
ddNNh€R.. €RA
ect\
(Restruck)
On r., II ; beneath, A I
Date
2= 611/12
2= 611/12
3=
612/13
3= 612/13
3= 612/13
3= 612/13
3= 612/13
^ A specimen of year lit is restruck on a coin of Phocas, Bevue beige, 1855, p. 406. ' The inscription is often obscure or incomplete owing to the restriking of the coins. I have generally only recorded the letters about which there can be no doubt>
198
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
Weight
156-5
172.
172.2
1(>4.8
192.«
168.
216.5
Metal and Size
M 1.2
M 1.3
Obverse
Reverse
Our., I [I]'; beneath, A
ddNNh€K
. . CONSTPPA I
I [Purchased, 1904]
(Restruck)
ddNNh€RAC m€R i On r., II ; beneath, B
AC] CONSTPPA 1 [1]
i [Purchased, 1904] I [PI. XXIV, 2.] . (Restruck ; on obc, traces of inscr., AVC)
M 115 ddNNh€IUCLI €rh €R
On r., II ; beneath, B I
[de Sails gift]
(Restruckon M coinofJustinlor Justinian: j on rci\, VST ; on obc, star.)
M 115 ddNNh CONSTP
On r., II ; beneath, B I
(Restruck on IM coin of Heraclius ; on / rt'., RAC PERPAV)
M 1.2
,.NNh€RACU[HS?] .rh€
On r., II ; beneath, B I [M. da Villa, 1856]
(Restruck on M coin of Tiberius II Constantine, Constantinople mint : on rev., ANTPPA and traces of bust ; on o6j>., ANNO <il CONB)
M 1-25
. . . . hCRACLi . . er
h€RACONSTPPA
(Each holds long sceptre surmounted by cross, instead of globus cr.)
(Restruck)
Onr., II ; beneath, T I
(cross instead of 'P) [de Sails gift]
JE 1.2
I DDNNh€IUC €r I [PI. xxrv. 8.]
On r., II ; beneath, A I
(mint obscure)
(Restruck on Im coin of Justin 11: ono&r., I DNIVSTI and upper part of seated figure of Justin 11; on rev., ANNO, M &c.)
Date
3= 612/1.3
3= 612/13
3= 612/13
3= 612/13
3= 612/13
3= 612/13
3= 612/13
' The I has almost certainly become obliterated in restriking. The figure of Heiaclias Constantine does not seem to have been introduced on coins before year III.
HERACHUS, ETC.— CONSTANTINOPLE— M
199
No.
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
Weight
1694
191-4
172-5
165-7
186-5 (pierced)
160-3
160-4
Metal and Sice
^ 1-3
^ 12
M 1-25
M 1-2
^ 1-35
^ 1-2
M 1-1
Obverse
DDNNhe»ACLIHS €rh€
Reverse
Onr., II ; beneath, A I [Purchased, 1904]
(Restruck)
B.CONPAV
H€r h€ On r., II ; beneath, € I
[de Salis gift]
(Restruck on M coin of Tiberius II Constantine,Antioch mint: onrev., HITSNOC and traces of helmet ; on obv., AN No and traces of THCMP/)
ddNNhCKA HSC I On r., II ; beneath, € r &c. I I
(Restruck on /\/\/\ coin of Tiberius II Constantino : on rev., PPAVC ; on obv., X &c. and line of exergue.)
dd N NhCKA I On r., 1 1 ; beneath, T
[Purchased, 1904] | II
(Restruck)
. . NNh€RAC 6rh6R I On r., II ; beneath, f ' II
I [Purchased, 1904]
(Restruck on M coin of Maurice Tiberius, consular type (cp. Cyzicus, year XX): on dw., mAVRICf Tlb+€R.PP AV and traces of bust and eagle-sceptre ; on rev., traces of M, ANNO.X)
€rhRACONS TPP
[de Salis gift]
(Restruck)
On r., II ; beneath, T II
€rh€IUCON (Figure ofHeraclius not visible).
On r., II ; beneath, T II [Purchased, 1904] [PL ZXIV. 4.]
(Restruck on Antioch M coinjof Maurice Tiberius, year 10: on rev., GNPAUT, con- sttUr robes and sceptre ; on obv., M, X &c.)
Date
3= 612/13
3= 612/13
3= 612/13
4= 613/14
4= 613/14
4= 613/14
4= 613/14
200
IMPERIAL BYZA^P^NE COINS
No. 131
Weight
177.5
132
184-4
133
148-7
134
187-4
135
160-
136
168-
Metal and Size
M 115
M 1-2
M 116
M 1-15
JE 1-25
JE 115
Obvene
ddNNhCIUCl. (Figure ofHeraclius Gonstantine not visible).
Revene
On r.,l[l]; beneath, T [Purchased, 1904]
(Restruck on Antioch M coin of Maurice Tiberius, year 10: on rev., "DNfnAUTI GNPAMT and traces of bust : on obv., rH€UP/, X &c.)
ddNNh€IUC €rh€ I On r., II ; beneath, A RACONSr I II
I [de Sails gift]
(Restruck; on obo., traces of fFOCAS?! P€RP)
€rh€RAC .... On r., II ; beneath, € II [de Sails gift]
(Restruck on 1 1 1 coin of Fhocas, Antioch mint ; on obv., N€P€AV and standing figure of Leontia (on 1.) ; on rev., THeMP/ Ac.)
CONST On r., M ; beneath, A (above, cross in- stead of 5^) [Purchased, 1904]
(Restruck on M coin of Maurice Tiberius, Antioch mint: on rev., "DRlTIAJri &c.,and remains of bust in consular dress : on obv.. ANNO, rH€MP &c.)
ddNNhCR h€IUC On r., ^ ; beneath, A
[de Sails gift]
(Restruck on XX XX coin of Phocas: on obv., "OrnFOCA and remains of bust ; on rev., X &c.)
ddNNhCKA €rh€R. AGO
On r., M ; beneath, T (above, cross in- stead of 'r) [Purchased, 1904]
(Restruck on I II coin of Phocas, Antioch, year I : on rev., OCA IN€P€A, standing figures of Phocas and Leontia; on obv., rH€MP/, I)
Date
4= 613/14
4= 613/14
4= 613/14
5= 614/15
5= 614/15
5= 614. 15
HERACLIUS, ETC.— CONSTANTINOPLE-
M
201
No.
137
Weight
141.6
Metal and Size
M M
138 140.
iE M
139
180-4
JE 1.2
140
156.2
141
161.5 M 1.2
142
160.3
M 1.15
Obverse
Reverse
ACONSPPA I On r., M ; beneath, f I [Purchased, 1904]
(Restruck on M coin of Phocas, Antioch mint : on rev,^ DNFOCA, standing figures of Phocas and Leontia, and between them cross ; on obi\, ANNO, rH€MP/)
I ddNNh€RA I On r., H ; beneath, L
(Restruck on M coin of Phocas, Antioch mint: on rev.^ DNFOCA, traces of standing I figures of Phocas and Leontia : on ohi\. I ANNO, rH€llP/)
' ddNNh[€]RA CO I On r., M ; beneath, € ? i [de Sails gift] |
(Restrack: on o6t\, .P6RPAVC &c. ; on rev,^ /\ ; DNIVS &c. Apparently restruck on /\?\/\?N coin of Phocas, which is itself struck over a M coin of Justin 11.)
M 1.15
erneiucoN
ST
I [Purchased, 1904]
On r. [date obscure owing to restrik- ing] ; beneath, B (mint obscure).
(Restruck: on obv,^ GNPAM and top of helmet; also NFOCAS, helmet; on rev,^
X X ; KYZ. Restruck on XXXX coin of Phocas (Cyzicus mint), which is itself
struck over a M coin of Maurice Tiberius of the Antioch mint.)
ddNNhCKA €hKA CO
[Purchased, 1904]
On r. [date obscure owing to restrik- ing] ; beneath, A
(Restruck: on obi\^ FOCAS P€, traces of head; on rev,^ ANNO. Restruck on
/\/\/\/\ coin of Focas.)
(Inscr. not visible) [Purchased, 1904]
On r. [date obscure owing to restrik- ing] ; beneath, B
(Restruck on M coin of Phocas, Antioch, year I : on obv.^ DNFOCA N€P€AV, Phociis and Leontia standing; on rev.^ ANNO I,
rH€yp)
i)d
Date
5= 614/15
5= 614/15
5= 614/15
202
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No. Weight
143
147.8
Metal and Size
M M5
144 169.2
JE 115
145
179.
Obverse
Revene
Inscr. obscure and blundered (no cross between nffures ; figures rudSy re- presented).
ri4esentedbytheHon. J. L. Warren, 1859]
(Restruck on M coin of Phocas, Antioch mint : on rev., figures of Phocas and Leontia and part of inscr. ; on obv,^ TTHeUP/ &c.)
On r. [date obscure owing to restrik- ing] ; beneath, L (above, cross), [mint in ex., oblit- erated].
. . . . h€IUCLI ? 6RC0N
€rh
JE 1.25
On r. [dateobscureow- ing to restriking] ; beneath, B [mint in ex., obliterated].
(Restruck on M coin of Maurice Tiberius, ^Vntioch mint: on o6t?., part of bust; on rev., rH€MP/ &c.)
(Heraclius, in cuirass, and Heraclius Constantine)
Heraclius (on 1.) and M on L A Heraclius Constan- ' |sj
tine (on r.J stand- |sj
ingfacing; oetween q
their heads, cross ; ; ^
Heraclius has long above, C * ; beard and mous- ' in ex., CON tache, and wears crown with cross, cuirass and paluda- mentum ; in r.,long sceptre with cross ; L hand at side; his son has close beard (.5^), and wears crown with cross and long robes ; in j r., globus cr. Infield 1
1., R; infield r.,K»'
Date
[Purchased, 1904]
(Restruck on M coin: on obv., ANNO)
On r., X; beneath, A
•20= 629/30
^ These letters are evidently added to identify the figures, i.e. HeraclioB and (Heraclius) Constantine. ' C probably for (Keraclius) Constantine^ as its place is afterwards taken (No. 164, &c.)
by n the monogram of Heraclius.
HERACLTOS, ETC.— CONSTANTINOPLE— M
203
No. 146
Weight
194.7
Metal and Siie
147
148
149
143-
154-6
125.
150
151
152
153
188-
156.5
189.6
104.6
154
109.5
M 1-15
JE 1-2
M 12
M 1.2
M 1.25
JE 1-2
M 1.25
.^ 'VO
M .9
Obvene
(Letters in field not visible) [de &lis gift]
RevexBe
Date
On r., X ; beneath, B
donbleHstruck [PI. xxrv. 6.]
(Restruck)
(Letters in field not visible) [de ^alis gift]
Onr.,rX?Y;
beneath, B (Restruck)
[Purchased, 1904] l On r., X P ; beneath, B
(Restmck on coin of Maurice Tiberius : on o6v., NPnAVMCI)
[Purchased, 1904] I On r., X ; beneath, f
I ^
(Restruck on M coin of Heraclius, of Alexandria: on obv^ 6KACLI0C, &c. ; on rev., ANNO, AA€ZANA ; cp. Photiades Cat., PL L 277.)
On r., X ; beneath, f (Restruck)
(Letters in field not visible) [Purchased, 1904]
(Restruck)
On r., X ; beneath, A
On r., X ; beneath, A X
(Restruck)
(Letters in field not visible)
(Letters in field not visible) [Purchased, 1904]
(Probably restruck)
On r., X ; beneath, A X I [Presented by the Rev. Arthur Dixon, 1906]
On r., X ; beneath, B
I
20= 629/30
20=r
629/30
20=
629/30
20= 629/30
20= 629/30
629/30
629/30
21= 630/1
21=
630/1
204
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
Weight
155
102.4
Metal and Size
Obverse
156
160.
157
134.7
158
181.7
159
1007
160
76.
161
162
113-4
67.5
M .95 I [Purchased, 1849]
Reverse
On r., X ; beneath, B
I
(Probably restruck)
^ M (K not visible)
[Purchased, 1904].
^ M ; [Purchased, 1904]
On r., X ; beneath, T
I (above, ?)
On r., X ; beneath, A I
(Restrack ?) M 1.3 [Purchased, 1904] , On r., X ; beneath, €
I I i
I (Restruck)
JE h , [Purchased, 1904] i On r., X ; beneath, A
(Restruck)
M M I [Purchased, 1904] ; On r., X ; beneath, A
II
I
(Restruck)
M -9 I [Purchased, 1904]
On r., X ; beneath, B X II I
M 1. I [Purchased, 1904] On r., X ; beneath, A
i II
: II
(Restruck on M coin of Constantinople, apparently of Maurice Tiberius: on oi«., ifTlAV? on /ei-., CON &c.)
Date
21 = 630/1
21= 630/1
21= 630/1
21= 630/1
22= 631/2
23= 632/3
23= 632/3
24= 633/4
HERACLIUS, ETC.— CONSTAMINOPLE— M
205
|
No. |
1 Weight 1 |
Metal and Size JE 1. |
Obverse |
1 Beveise |
Date |
|
163 |
88. |
Between them, ^ (no monograms 1. and r.). |
(Above, X) on r., X X II II |
24= 633/4 |
|
|
beneath, B* [PI. XXTV. 6.] |
|||||
|
164 |
79-2 |
JE .9 |
(No lettei-s in Held r. and 1. ; K beneath the cross). |
On r., X ; beneath, A (above, "n) [H. P. Borrell sale, 1852, lot 1080] |
25= 634/5 |
|
(Restruck ?) |
|||||
|
165 |
72. |
M .95 |
(Letters in field not visible) |
On r., X ; beneath, A (above "n [Purcha^d, 1904] |
25= 634/5 |
|
(Restruck?) |
|||||
|
166 |
76.2 |
^ .95 |
(Letters in Held not visible) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, A (above, "n |
26= 635/6 |
|
167 |
78.8 (cut) |
^ 1. |
(Letters in field not visible) [Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, € /V (above, "n, obscure) |
26= 635/6 |
|
(Restruck on a coin of Justin I: on rev,y DUIVS and diadem, &c.) |
|||||
|
168 |
94.2 |
JE 1. |
(Letters in field not visible) [Lynch, 1856] [PI. XXTV. 7.] |
Onr., X; beneath, € (above, n) |
26?= 635/6 |
|
(Restruck ?) |
* A similar coin is asngned by Sabatier (i, p. 284, No. 105, PL XXXI. 5), but on no sure grounds, to Heraclius and Martina, Ilie monogram (the name of Heraclius?)
is curious: cp. the T and T form on the early Arab imitations of Heraclius and Constans II struck at Damascus and Emesa (Brit. Mus. Cat. Or, Coins^ Add. ix, PL I).
206
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obyerse |
Reverse |
Date |
|
169 |
64. |
JE -8 |
(Letters in field not visible) [H. P. BorreU sale, 1852, lot 1080] |
On r., X ; beneath, A X (above, + ?) (inex.,C0f4©) |
3Q 639/40 |
|
(Restruck?) |
|||||
|
(Heraclius, Heraclius Constantine, and Martina) |
|||||
|
Three figures stand- ing facing, namely, Heraclius (in cen- tre), HeracLus Con- stantine (on r. ), and Martina (on 1.). Each wears crown with cross * and long robes, and holds in r. globus cr. Hem- clius is bearded. The hair of Martina falls in two long tresses. Above Heraclius, two |
M on 1., A N N 0 above, cross ; in ex., CON |
||||
|
crosses. |
|||||
|
170 |
95.7 |
M 1.05 |
[de Salis gift] (Rest! |
On r., ^ ; beneath, A ruck?) |
6= 615/16 |
|
171 |
147.6 |
M M |
[Purchased, 1904] On r., ^ ; beneath, € [PI. XXTV. 8.] (Restruck on M coin of Maurice Tiberius, Antioch mint : on obv.j remains of consular robes, &c.; on rev.^ ANNo, THCMP^) |
6= 615/16 |
|
|
172 173 |
1334 113- |
M 1. JE 1. |
[Purchased, 1904] (Rest] |
On r., ^1 ; beneath, A On r., ^1 ; beneath, f ruck) |
7= 616/17 7= 616/17 |
|
174 |
137-6 |
JE 1.1 |
[de Salis gift] |Onr., ^1; beneath, f (Restruck) |
7= 616/17 |
|
|
175 |
121.8 |
M 1.05 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, B |
10= 619/20 |
^ Martina's crown is usually distinguished by two hoops or arches.
HERACLIUS, ETC.-CONSTANTINOPLE— M
207
Weight
127. 1342
1172 83-2
133.7
93-2
79-4
80.
184 99-4
Metal and Size
Obvene
JE .9
JE M
JE 1.15 M 105
M 1.
JB .9
JE .95
JE 1.
Reverse
[Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904J
(Restruck, probably on another coin of the same type : on rev.^ figure standing feeing.)
Onr., X; beneath, B (CON obscure)
Onr.,X(?);beneath,B
[Purchased, 1904]
(Martina has short hair, like Heraclius Constantine); in field r., cross. (No crosses above Hera- clius) (cp. No. 194, infra).
[Sotheby's, 20 Dec, 1852, lot 207*]
On r.,[X]; beneath, A
On r., X ; beneath, vj l| (ANNO above; in field L, I 8)
(ro]oN)
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. XXIV. 8.]
On r., X ; beneath, A
I
(Restruck)
[Purchased, 1904]
On r., X ; beneath, B
yror^?)
(AN No above; on On r., X ; beneath, f
^
(ANNO above; on
On r., X ; beneath, f (ANNO above; on
1.J)
(Restruck; apparently on /N/\ coin of Phocas ; on rev., traces of bust and inscrip- tion.)
(No crosses above Heraclius) [Purchased, 1904]
(No crosses above Heraclius) [de Salis gift]
jE -8 (No crosses above I Heraclius) ! [de Salis gift]
On r., X ; beneath, A
(ANNO above; on 1.J)
Date
10= 619/20
10?= 619/20
11= 620/1
12=
621/2
13=
622/3
15?= 624/5
15=
624/5
16= 625/6
16= 625/6
208
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
|
185 |
97.7 |
|
186 |
724 |
|
187 |
97-5 |
|
188 |
96. |
|
189 |
91-8 |
|
190 |
62. |
|
191 |
112-8 |
|
192 |
64.5 |
|
193 |
77.8 |
Metal and
Size
M 1.
Obverse
(No crosses above Heraclius) [Purchased, 1904]
M 1- (No crosses above Heraclius) [de SaUs gift]
Reverse
On r., X ; beneath, A (ANNO above; on
On r., X ; beneath, B
(ANNO above ; on 1., -ft C)
Date
16=
625/6
17=
626/7
(Restruck)
^ .9
M .95
JE .9
M -9
M .95
(No crosses above Heraclius) [Purchased, 1904]
On r., X ; beneath, T (AN NO above ; on
On r., X ; beneath, f ^1
(No crosses above Heraclius) [PI. XXIV, 10.] (ANNO above ; on
L, R)
M .95
M .85
(No crosses above Heraclius) [Purchased, 1904]
(No crosses above Heraclius) [de Salis gift]
(No crosses above Heraclius) [Purchased, 1904]
(No crosses above Heraclius) [Purchased, 1904]
(No crosses above Heraclius) [de Salis gift]
17= 62677
17= 626/7
On r., X ; beneath, L I 17= ^1 !626 7
(ANNO above; on 1., R) !
On r., X ; beneath, L (ANNO above; on
On r., X ; beneath, A
II (ANNO above; on
1.
On r., X ; beneath, A
II (ANNO above; on
1.J)
On r., X ; beneath, L
II
(ANNO above; on 1.J)
17=
626/7
18= 627/8
18=
627/8
18= 627/8
HERACLIUS, ETC.— CONSTANTINOPLE— M
209
No. 194
Weifrht
92.
195
158-5
196
713
Metal and Size I
M .85
M -75
M .85
197
84-
JE, \.
Obverse
Reverse
(No crosses above Hcniclias). (Mar- tina has short hair like Heraclius Coa- stantine.) [Purchased, 1904]
On r., X Ml III beneath, A [CON?] (ANN© above; on
1 fi). Cp. No. 17y, supra.
On r. [date obscured through restrik- ing] ; beneath, T
(Restruck on coin of Maurice Tiberius ; on obv.^ traces of inscr. and consular robes.)
[de &ilis gift]
(No crosses above Heraclius.) [Purchasecl, 1904]
On r. [date obscured through restrik- ing]; beneatli, B.^ (ANNO above; on
1., R) (C[ON])
(Restruck on coin of Focas : on /rr., FOCA &c. ; on obi\. ANNO IK \\)
(Heraclius, Heraclius Constantine, and Heraclonas)
Three figures stand- ing facing, namely, Heraclius (in cen- tre), Heracuus Con- stantine (on r.),and Heraclonas (on L). Each wears crown with cross. Hera- clius, bearded, is in military dress, and holds in r. long cross, 1. hand at side. The two other figures, beardless, wear long robes and hold in r. globus cr.
[de Salis gift] [PI. XXIV, 11.]
M on 1., A N
above, in ex..
N
O
■ft
CON
On r., X ; beneath, B
X
(mint obscure)
Date
19=
(528/5)
30= (539/40
K e
210
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No. 198
199 200 201
203
Weight
82-8
79.
817
715
202 90.
74-8
Metal and Size
M .85
JE .9
M 1.
JE -9
Jij •y
^ 1.
Obverse
Reverse
[de Salis gift]
[Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904]
On r., X ; beneath, A
X
! On r., X ; beneath, €
I X
i X
I (mint obscure)
On r., X ; beneath, € X X (CON©)'
On r., X ; beneath, € X X
(CON©)
A'
Date
30=
639/40
30= 639/40
30= 639/40
30= 639/40
Heraclius (on 1.) in military dress and Heraclius Gonstan- tine (on r.) in long robes, standing facing ; above, cross. Heraclius holds in r. long sceptre with cross; Heraclius CoDstantine holds in r. globus cr.
In field r.,K (field L, obscure) [de Salis gift]
A
on ]., A
m ex.
N N O CON
ANNO obscure owing to restrik- ing ; on r., date (off Ami); beneath, b [PL XXIV. 12.]
(Rcstruck on M coin.)
(Field r. and 1. ob scure) [de SaKs gift]
On r., date (X &c.); beneath, A ; (in ex. ?)
(Restruck)
^ Cp. No. 169, supra, of Heraclius and Heraclius Constantine, year 80.
' Specimens of this denomination (80 nummia) seem scarce, and are generally in ftn iinsatis&ctory state owing to restriking. An example (Sabatier Coll.) in Sab., i, p. 278, No. 69, is dated year XXII =:= a.d. 681/2.
HERACLIUS, ETC.-CONSTANTINOPLE-K
211
No.
Weight
201 205
83.7 79.5
206
207
105.
91.8
208
50.2
Metal and Size
M .9
^ .85
M .85
JE 9
JE .8
Obverse
DNh€iUCLI P6R.PA VC BastofHeiaclius, with close beard, facing; wears hel- met with plame and armoar; in r., globus cr*
[de Salis gift]
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. XXV. 1.]
Heraclius (on L), bearded, in military dress,and Heraclius Constantine (on r.), bearded ? in long robes, standing facing ; above, cross. Heraclius holds in r. long sceptre with cross ; Heraclius Constantine holds in r. globus cr.
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. XXV. 2.]
Reverse
K on L, A
N
N
O
above, cross.
On r., II ; beneath, A
On r., Ill ; beneath, B
K on 1., A
N
N
O
above, cross.
On r., XX ; beneath, A
(Restruck ?)
I Onr.,XX ; beneath, A
(Restruck on Constantinople M coin of Heraclius, Heraclius Constantine, and Martina, similar to No. 179, svpra : on rev., traces of the three standing figures ; on obv,, ANNO,
monogram of Heraclius, M and C[ON].)
[Purchased, 1904] | On r., XX ; beneath, T
(Restruck on Constantinople M coin of Heraclius,Heracl]us Constantine,and Martina, similar to No. 191, supra ; on rev.j ANNO ; X^l[l] and [CO]N)
Date
2r=
611/12 612/13
20= 629/30
20=
629/30
20=
629/30
212
No. 1 Weight
209 ■ 764
210
96.8 {piereed)
I
211
94-6
212 I 65.
213
214
215
•159.6
151.4
176-8
Metal and Size
M -85
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS Obverse
JE .85
M -9
M 1.05
JE 1-15
JE 1-2
JE 1-2
[Purchased, 1904]
RcTerge
On r., XX ; beneath, f
(Restrack)
[de Salis gift] Onr., XX
beneath, [r ?]
(Restruck)
[Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904]
On r., XX; beneath, ?
Onr., XrX?];
beneath, A ?
(Restruck on a Constantinople M coin of Heraclius, similar to No. 194: on rev.y re- mains of figure of Heraclius Constantino on r, ; on obv.j date X and CON visible.) X
n. THESSALONICA
M
dNh€IUC LIFSPPA , M on 1., A VC Heraclius (on L),
with close beara, |
and Heraclius Con- j
stantine (on r.), a
shorter figure,
beardless, standing
facing. Each wears
crown with cross
and long robes, and
holds in r. globus
cr. ; above, cross.
[Purchased, 1853]
N N O
above, cross ; in ex., e€C
On r., H; beneath, B
[de Salis gift] | On r., P ; beneath, B
(Restruck on XXXX coin of Phocas, of Cyzicus, year 6: on rev,, P€RP and re- mains of bust : on obv,, X ; ^ ; YZA ; NNO)
[Purchased, 1904] | On r., H ; beneath, B
Sestruck on XXXX coin of Phocas, essalonica : on rec, ITlFOCA PERPAVC; (m obv,, T6S)
Date
20= 629/30
20= 629/30
20= 629/30
20?= 629/30
5= 614/15
5=
614 15
5= 614 15
HERACMUS, ETC.-THESSALONICA-
-M
213
No.
216
217
218
Weight
166.5
97.2
Metal and Size
M 1.2
M 1.
1546 M 12
219
220
97.2
136.5
221
102.
M 1.
M 1.
M .95
Obverse
[Purchased, 1904]
Reverse
On r.,[M?]; beneath, B
(This specimen has been washed with
silver. It is struck on a /V/V/V/V coin of Phocas, of Cyzicus: on rev.^ €RP and re- mains of bust ; on obv,^ XX ; KYZB)
(dNNh€RAC ...
[de Salis gift]
On r., Ml I; beneath, B
On r., Ml ; beneath, B II [PI. XXV. 8.]
(Restruck ?)
M on L, A N N O
above, cross ;
in ex., e€C
Three figures stand- ing facing, namely Heraclius (in centre), Heracbus CoDst£uitine (on r.), and Martina(onL).' Each wears crown with cross and long robes, and holds in r. globus cr. Above Heraclius, who has close beard, two crosses.
I On r., X ; beneath, B
! II
I II
[Purchased, 1904] ! On r., X ; beneath, B? [PL XXV. 4.] ^
(Restruck ?)
[Purchased, 1904]
Onr.,[X]; beneath, B II
Date
5?
616/17
8= 617/18
14= 623/4
16= 625/6
19= 628/9
^ This figure on 1. might possibly be Heraclonas, as it is not distinguishable from the figure of Heraclius Constantine on r. I have called it Martina because at the Constantinople mint, about the same period, we have an undoubted figure of Martina forming one of a similar group of three. At Nicomedia (infixt) we find an undoubted Martina (No. 248), though on other specimens the figure resembles Heraclius Con- stantine.
214
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
Weight
222
223
224
225
226 227
84.6
79.6
82.9
79.2
74.6 49.8
Metal and Size
JE .85
^ .75
JE .85
JE .9
^ .8 JE .76
Obverse
Reverse
DNh€IUC LISPPAV Bust of Heraclias, with close beard, facing; wears armour and helmet with plume and globus cr. In r., globus cr.
[PI. XXV. 6.]
dNh€RAC (LIUS?) PPAVC Heraclius, bearded (on 1.), and Heraclius Constan- tine* (onr.) stand- ing facing. Each wears crown with crossandlong robes, and holds in r. globus cr. Above, cross.
[de Salis gift]
^ on 1., A N N O
in ex., T€S
Onr., II II
[Townley Ck)lL]
K on L, A
N
N
O
in ex., e€S
On r., M
[Purchased, 1849] On r., M
Restruck on I> coin of year
Justin n?): oh o6r., I> ; A
(RAC for RAC) On r,, M [Purchased, 1904] (double-struck)
[PI. XXV. 6.]
[Purchased, 1904]
(of
Date
4=
613/ U
5=
614/15
5=
614/15
[Gen. Haug, 1865]
On r., U II
On r., Ml III
5=
614/15
7= 616 17
9= 618/19
* On No. 225 Heiaclins Constantine is bearded: the other specimens are obscnre.
HERACLIUS -NICOMEDIA- M
215
No.
228
Weight
44-6
229
230
187.
196-6
231
202.8
232 I 150.4
233 188-2
Metal and Size
M 7
Obvene
Reverse
[Purchased, 1904] ■ (A) on r., X (■pi. XXV. 7.1 H
. H I O
IlL NICOMEDIA
M
(Heraclius)
j laser. Bust of Hera- I clius, with close beard, facing ; wears armour and helmet I
M
on 1., A N N O
with cross ; in r., | above, cross ;
globus cr.
in ex., NIKO
M 1.2 DNhCHACL (IMS ?) On r., I ; beneath, A i PPAVC (Plume and ! (double-struck)
cross on helmet).
[Purcliased, 1853] [PI. XXV. 8.]
(Restruck.'*)
M 1.05 DNh (IMSPP?)
; Avc
: [de Sails gift]
On r., I ; beneath, A
I
(Res truck)
JE 115 I CL ... PPAV . 1 On r., II ; beneath, A
. [Purchased, 1904] |
JEM DNhHACU ...P... On r., II; beneath, B [de Sails gift]
JE 1-05 (Inscr. obscure) [de Salis gift]
On r., II ; beneath, A (double-struck)
Date
10= 619/20
1 = 610/11
1 = 610/11
2= 611/12
2= 611/12
3= 61213
216
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
Weight
234
160.5
235
171.
Metal and Size
M 1.2
M 13
236
188.4
237
170.8
M 1.35
M 145
Obverse
Reverse
(Heraclius and Heraclius Gonstantine)
M on L, A N N
Inscr. Heraclius (on 1.) and Heraclius Gonstantine (on r.), a shorter figure, standing facing. Each wears long robes and crown with cross, and holds in r. globus cr.»; above, cross.
d(N?) rest obliter- ated. [Purchased, 1904]
O above, cross ; in ex., NIKO
Onr., II ; beneath, A (NIKO)
(Restruck on M coin of Maurice Tiberius, Antioch mint, year XII : on rev.^ the inscrip- tion and lower part of bust visible ; on oir., X, TH . . P/ &c.) II
Onr., II; beneath, A I
S S N N h i-est obscure. [Purchased, 1904]
(RestiTick on M coin of Maurice Tiberius, Constantinople: on obv,^ r. hand holding eagle-sceptre ; on rev.^ .ON)
Date
(Inscr. obscurej [Purchased, 1904]
On r., II ; beneath, A
(Restruck on M coin of Justin H, Antioch, year 7 : on rev.^ VNTM &c. blundered inscr. ; traces of seated figures of Justin H and Sophia; on o6r., NNO M, THCMP/)
3= 612/13
3= 612 13
3 = 612/13
(Inscr. obliterated)
!
On r., II ; beneath, B j 3 =
I ! 612/13
[PI, XXV. 0.]
(Restruck on /N/\/\/\ coin of Phocas : on rev,^ DrOFOCAS, traces of crowA, &c. ; onoit\, . NNO) II
HERACMUS, ETC.— NICOMEDIA
-M
217
No.
238
Weight
175-5
239
167.
240
1757
241
158-7
242
1561
243
1891
Metal and Size
M 125
M 125
£. 1-35
M 1-25
M 1-15
JE 1-2
Obverse
ddNNh€iUC &c. [de Sails gift]
Rerene
Onr., II ; beneath, B
(Restruck on Im coin of Tiberias Constan- tine, iiVntioch mint, ' year I ' : on reo.y inscr. and part of bast ; on chc, A I ; TH &c. in ex.) N
ddNN &c.
[de Salis gift]
On !■., 11 ; beneath, B I
(Restrack)
Date
3^
612/13
3= 612/13
(Inscr. obscure) [Purchased, 1904]
On r., II ; beneath, A 11
(Restrack, probably on /N/N/N/V of Phocas : on rev., X)
com
ddNNh€IUC [Purchased, 1904]
On r., 11 ; beneath, A 11
(Restruck on coin of Pliocas ? : on rec, ti-aces of obc. inscr. and crown.)
h€KACON I On r., 11 ; beneath, B
I II
(Restrack on /\/\/\/\ coin of Phocas, Constantinople mint, vear 5 : on »•««?., P€KP ; onoftp.,U; [C]ONA)"
(Inscr. obscure)
On r., ^ ; beneath, B
Restrack on M coin of Justin n, year 11 : on obv.., inscr. and remains of seated figures of Justin U and Sophia; on /■«&., cross, ANNO X I
F f
4= 613/14
613/14
4=
613/14
6= 615/16
218
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
244
245
246
247
248
249
Weight
118.5
(pierced)
91.8
168.2
105.5
71.3
86.
Metal and Size
M .95
M 1.
JE M
M 1.
M .9
^ 1.
Obverse
Reverse
(Heraclius, Heraclius Constantine, and Martina)
M on 1., A N
Three figures standing facing, namely, Heraclius (in centre), Heraclius Constantine (on r.), andMartina (on 1.). * Each wears crown with cross and long robes, and holds in r. globus cr.
[Purchased, 1904]
[de Salis gift]
[de Salis gift] [PI, XXV. 10.]
N
O above, cross ; in ex., NIKo
On r., ^ ; beneath, B (NIKO)
On r., ^1 ; beneath, B (NIKO)
On r., ^1 ; beneath, B
On r., X ; beneath, A (ANNO above; on
(Restruck ?)
(Martina's hair long) [Presented by Mr.
Rohde Hawkins,
1848]
[Purchased, 1904]
On r., X ; beneath, A
^l(ti blundered)
(ANNO above; on
L, R, both obscure)
On r., X ; beneath, B (ANNO above; on
Date
6= 615/16
7= 616/17
7=
ai6/i7
16= 625 '«
17= 626/7
17= 626/7
' Martina is represented like Heraclius Constantine except on No. 248 where she ha« long hair : op. the corresponding coins (supra) struck at Constantinople during this period.
HERACMUS— CYZICUS-
-M
219
No.
Weight
258 259
Metal and Size
181.2 1894
|
250 |
1696 |
|
251 |
181-2 |
|
252 |
1674 |
|
253 |
177.6 |
|
254 |
182.5 |
|
255 |
134.6 |
|
256 |
194. |
|
257 |
195.5 |
M 12 M 13
Obverse
Reverse
IV. CYZICUS
M
J^ 1.15
JE 125
■DNhRACLI P6R.PA VC Bust of Hera- clius, with close beard, ^Ekcing; wears armour and helmet with plume ; in r., globus cr.
(Heraclius)
M on L, A N N O
above, cross ;
in ex., KYZ
[Purchased, 1904]
[de Salis gift]
On r., I ; beneath, A On r., I ; beneath, B
Date
(Restruck)
|
^ 1.15 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
|
iB 12 |
|
|
M 1-35 |
[H. XXV, U.] |
|
M 115 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
|
^ 12 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
|
JE 1.3 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., 11 ; beneath, A Onr., II ; beneath, A On r., 11 ; beneath, A Onr., 11 ; beneath, B On r.. Ill ; beneath, A Onr., ill ; beneath, A
(Restruck on coin of Phocas : on rev., part of inscr. and part of standing figures of Phocas and Leontia.)
Onr., Ill ; beneath, A
(Inscr. blurred Onr., Ill ; beneath, A throughrestriking.) [de Salis gift]
(Restruck on M coin of Phocas, Nicomedia mint : on rev., "DNFOCA INP6R. and fiflfures of Phocas and Leontia ; on o6»., ANNO, NIKO)
1 = 610/11
1= 610/11
2= 611/12
2= 611/12
2= 611/12
2= 611/12
3= 612/13
3=
612/13
3= 612/13
3= 612/13
220
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
260
261
262
263
264 265
Weight
1549
1874
162.2
146-2
150-7 179-
Metaland Size
M 1-3
M 1-2
M 1-35
M 1-05
M 1-15 M M5
Obverse
[Purchased, 1904]
Reverse
Onr., Ill ; beneath, B
(Restruck, perhaps on /V/V/V/V coin of Phocas : on obv., X)
[de Sails gift]
On r., II ; beneath, B
(Restruck)
Onr., 11 ; beneath, A II
[de Salis gift]
(Restruck on coin of Phocas: on obv., "OmFOC)
(Heraclius and Heraclius Ck>nstantine)
M
on 1., A
N
N
O above, cross ; in ex., KYZ
ddNNh€R.ACLIHS
ernnACONSTPP
AV Heraclius (on 1.), with close beard, and Heraclius Con- stantine (on r.), a shorter beardless figure, standing flEicing. Each wears long robes and crown with cross.* Heraclius holds in r. globus cr., his son holds in r. long sceptre with cross. Above, cross.
[PI. XXVI. 1.] On r., Ill ; beneath, A (Restruck ?)
[Purchased, 1904] [Purchased, 1904]
On r.. Ill ; beneath, A On r.. Ill ; beneath, B
Date
3= 612/13
3=:r
612/13
4= 613/14
3= 612/13
3= 612/13
3=
612/13
^ The cross in the case of Heraclius Gonstantine is detached from the crown.
HERACLIUS, ETC.— ISAURA-M
221
No.
266
267
268
Weight
108.3
183.2
156.
Metal and Size
M .9
M M5
iE M
Obverse
Reverse
(Three figfures)
Three figures stand- | M above, cross and
ANNO; onl., R;
ing flEicing, namely, Heraclius (in centre), Heraclius Constantine (on r.), andMartina ^ (on L ;. Each wears crown with cross and long | robes, and holds in r. globus cr.
[de SaUs gift] fPl. XXVI. 27]
beneath, KYZ
On r., X ; beneath, A I Ml 11
V. ISAURA'
M
DONh€R.ACL€hR.A Busts of Heraclius, bearded (on 1.), and Heraclius Constan- tine (on r.) facing. Each wears crown with cross and armour (?). Be- tween them, cross.
[Purchased, 1862] [PI. XXVI. 3.]
M on 1., A
N
N
O above, cross ; in ex., IS^^YR
Onr.,^11; beneath, A (Restruck: on oit\, traces of inscr. DNhR?)
On r. [date obscured by restriking]; beneath, A
(Details obscure) [Presented by tlie
Hon. J. L. Warren,
1859]
(Restruck : on rev.^ remains of M and X date Mil)
Dote
18= 627/8
8= 617/18
^ Represented (with short hair) like Heraclius Constantine ; possibly it is Heraclonas. ' The cit^ of Isaura Palaia, now Zengibar Kalesi,
* There ib a similar specimen in the French collection (Rev. num., 1853, p. 214). The busts are veiy rudely represented.
222
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
269
270
271
272
273
Weight
1155
96-4
814
80.
56-3
Metal and Size
JE .9
JE 1.
M .9
M .95
^ 1.05
Obvewe
Reverae
VL CYPRUS'
M
Three figures stand- ing facing, namely, Heraclius (in centre), Heraclius Constantine (on t,\ and Martina (on L). Each wears crown with cross' and long robes, and holds in r. globus cr. Hera- clius has close beard. The hair of Martina falls in two long tresses.
[Presented by the Hon. J. Leicester Warren; cp. Num, Chron., 1861, p. 44]
[Souratty, 1867]
[Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. XXVI. 4.]
M on L, A N N O
above, R
in ex., KVnP
On r., X ; beneath, f M II (KVnP^)
On r., X ; beneath, f Ml II
On r., X ; beneath, f Ml II
On r., X; beneath, T M III
(Details somewhat obscure) [PI. XXVI. 5.]
On r., X ; beneath, V
(other details ob- scure) [de SaUs gift]
Restruck, clipped, and countermarked on
JS (the countermark of Constans H):
rev,
from the Cvjirus find [Warren in 1861, p. 54," No. 12; PL XL 2 = Sab., PL XXXV. 22 ; not correctly engraved].*
Date
17 »= 626/7
18= 627/8
18= 627/8
18= 627/8
15?= 624/5
^ The mint-place was doubtless Constantia (the successor of Salamis), the chief city of the island. In a.d. 647, under Constans II, Cyprus was ravaged by the Saracen commander Muaviah, and Constantia y^as destroyed (Oberhummer, art. ' Constantia * in Paulv-Wissowa).
' Martina's crown is distinguished by two hoops or arches.
' For a coin of year 15 (?) see No. 273, infra.
* Warren (loc. cit, p. 54) assigns this and the two following coins to the reign
HERACMUS, ETC— ANTIOCH— M
223
No.
273a
274
274a
Weight
75.8
74.2
Metal and Size
M 1.
M 1.
192.2
M 125
Obverse
Reverse
(Details obscure)
: (Details obscure, but KVnP visible) [de SaUs gift]
Restruck, clipped, and countennarked
[Ju ?] : from the Cyprus find [Warren, w. «., p. 54].
(Some details obscure) (Date, mint, and
monogram obscure) [de Salis gift]
Restruck, clipped, and countermarked on
rev, st : from the Cvprus find [Warren, u. «., p. 54].
MI. ANTIOCH'
M
Inscr. Busts of Hera- clius, bearded (on 1.), and Heraclius Constantino (on r.) facing. Heraclius wears crown with globus cr. and armour ? ; his son wears crown with cross and armour? Above, cross.
M
on 1.,
A N N O
above, ^ in ex., S6MSM
cqniNh.
.qc
On r., ^1 ; beneath, A
[PI. XXVI. e.]
(Restruck)
Date
7= 616/17
of Constantine IV Pogonatus with his two brothers, Heraclius and Tiberius. Year 15 of Constantine IVs reign reckoned from a.d. 654, when he was made Augustus by his father, Constans II^a.d. 668/9. But it seems to me improbable that the Cyprus mint should buret forth into activity for a single year only— a.d. 668— especially at a time when this island had come, in part at least, under the Saracenic domination. Probably Nos. 273-274 are coins of Heraclius (with Martina and Heraclius Constantine) struck in year 15 of the reign of Heraclius, but afterwards countermarked and used as his own currency by Constans II.
^ The obv, figures are rudely represented like those on the Isaura coins described aupra. The legends of both dbv. and rev. are blundered. Sabatier^s view (i, pp. 43, 278, No. 67, R. XXX, No. 2) that S6HSH (or S6PSMS aa he represents it) is an indication of Ephesus is far from probable. It is much simpler to suppose that it is a blundered reproduction of T HEMP I, and that the coins were struck at the mint of Antioch.
224
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse Reverse |
Date |
||
|
275 |
170.2 |
M 1-15 |
(.MhYTIT Slhb€?) Onr.,^1; beneath, A; VWAioT N N (letters in ex., obscure) |
7= 616/17 |
||
|
Vni. ALEXANDRIA' |
||||||
|
M |
||||||
|
[Obv. with busts of Heraclius and Heraclius Constantine in consular dress: rev, with date XIII (=A.D. 622/3 : Photindes Cat, No. 277) and date Xllll (=a.d. 623/4: Photiades, No. 278; Blanchet, iit'i?. num,, 1893, p. 46).] |
||||||
|
13 (12 nunimia) |
||||||
|
(Heraclius) |
||||||
|
• |
Bust of Heraclius [with close beard ?] lacing ; wears crown with cross and armour; on 1., star; on r., ci-escent. |
1 Globus cr. b in ex., AA€[2 ?] |
||||
|
276 |
225. |
JE |
.9 |
(Crown has cross within crescent) |
[de Salis gift] [PI. XXVI. 77] |
|
|
277 |
174.6 |
JE |
.75 |
[Pi. XXVI. 8.] |
||
|
278 |
132.8 |
JE |
.75 |
[Purchased, 1904] (fl Globus or. I) [PI. XXVI. 8.] 1 ([j.^aAA) |
||
|
279 |
1047 |
M |
.7 |
[Purchased, 1904] " " - - - |
[PI. XXVI. lO.J |
|
|
280 |
99.6 |
M |
.75 |
[de Sails gift] |
||
|
281 |
82.6 |
M |
.6 |
[de Salis gift] |
||
|
282 |
58.5 |
M |
.65 |
[de Salis gift] |
^ On the coins of this mint see Introduction, supra, § 2, *■ Heraclius.*
HERACLIUS, ETC.— ALEXANDRIA— IB
225
No.
283 284 285
286
287 288
289
Weight
1464
145.4
55.4
51.6
121.8 73.8
79.8
Metal and Size
M .75
M .75
M .7
M .65
JE 75 M .6
M -65
Obverse
Heraclius standing* facing. He wears crown with cross and long robes ; in r. , long cross potent ; in L, globus with cross potent.*
(Rude style); in field r., star.
[de Sails gift] [PI. XXVI, 13,]
Reverse
Id Globus with cross potent ; inex., AA€[2.?]
[PI. XXVI, 11.]
(Inex., OIAH?) [PL XXVI. 12.]
(3 [I] Globus with cross potent) (in ex., /JO)
(Heraclius and Heraclius Constantine)
Bust of Heraclius, Id Cross potent on bearded (on L), and steps ; smaller bust of inex., AA€2* Heraclius Constan- tine, beardless (on r. ), facing ; between the two busts, cross potent on steps. Each wears crown with cross and paludamentum and cuirass.
[de Salis gift]
[Cross (potent ?) with- out steps]
Inscr. Busts of Hera- clius and Heraclius Constantine facing, as on No. 287 (no cross between them).
ddNNh [h€ RAC?]
[PI, XXVI. 14.]
(Cross potent rests on L instead of steps)
ID Cross potent on steps ; in ex., AA€Z
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. XXVI. 15.]
Date
1 No8. 285, 286 are blundered and of thinner fabric than Nos. 283, 284. They may, possibly, be somewhat later than the reign of Heraclius; cp. the blundered IB coins described infi'o,
* The last letter rarely clear. The date of the first issue of Nos. 287, 288 and of Nos. 289-96 may be circ. a.d. 613 (cp. the gold with two busts at Constantinople) or perhaps ctVr. a.d. 616/17, like the dated M of Ravenna of year 7 (s=616/17).
226
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No. 290
291 292
293 294 295 296
297
298 299 300 301
|
Weight |
Metal and Size |
|
91. |
M .7 |
|
76.9 |
M .65 |
|
80.3 |
M .65 |
|
87.6 |
JE .6 |
|
69.7 |
M .7 |
|
65. |
M .7 |
|
62.7 |
^ .65 |
|
141- |
M .8 |
|
144- |
M -lb |
|
141.7 |
M .75 |
|
133.8 |
M .7 |
|
102. |
M .75 |
Obverse
rddNNh-..CL./.?) (Busts larger than on No. 289)
ddNNh [h€RAC?]
(Traces of inscr. blun- dered)
(h€RAC ? blundered)
ddNNh &c.
...Nh? h€RAC?
(No inscr.)
[de Sails gift]
Reverse
Date
[Purchased, 1904] I
[H. P. BorreU sale, 1852, lot 1080]
[de Salis gift]
(B)[Purchased,1904] (B ; A for A)
(Three figures)
Three figures stand- ing facing, namely, Heraclius (in centre! Martina * (on L), and Hera- clius Constantine (on r. ). Each wears long robes and crown with cross and holds globus cr.
[de Salis gift]
[de Salis gift]
[Purchased, 1904]
(Figure on 1. short, with cross detached = Heraclius Con- stantine or Hera- clonas ?)
1 D Cross potent, be- neath which f?l ; in ex., AA€2
(Cross potent resting on A; monogram omitted) -
[PI. XXVI. 16.]
^ Possibly Heraclonas.
' A is probably (as Mr. R. S. Poole long ago suggested in N, C, xvi, p. 121) the basis or stejgs of the cross misunderstood ; cp. No. 288, 8upm, I am inclined to think that R arose in the same way, the bar above being really the base or step of the cross. Poole supposed that |f1, no less than IB, was a mark of value (op. cit., p. 120), but probably Sabatier (cited by Poole, p. 121) is right in thinking that A and f^ have nothing to do with the value of the coins.
HERACLIUS- ALEXANDRIA
-S
227
No.
302
303
304
305
306
Weight
150.1
110.
106.6
108.5
82.
Metal and Size
M .8
M .8
M .65
M .65
M .7
Obvei-se
Reverse
Date
(Time of Heraclius ? or perhaps later than Feb. A. D. 641)
Bust of Heraclius, facing ; wears crown with globus cr. and armour; holds in r. globus cr. sur- mounted by palm.^
(R. hand obscure) [de Salis gift]
(Barbarous style) ; on r., star.
In field r., star
[Purchased, 1904]
ImB
Instead of M, M ? ; M
in ex., [A]A€[2?]
(M for M) inex., 0[BV?]« [PI. XZVI. 17.]
(W?) in ex., [A]BA1 » [PI. XXVI. 18.]
In ex., ABAZ
S (6 nommia)
Palm-tree with fruit.
[de Salis gift]
' For the type, cp. Sab., ii, p. 19, No. 35, PL 36, 22.
* OBV? is probably a blundered rendering of ABA (see No. 305), O being put for A as in the flAN and HON coins described, fii/ro, pp.228, 229. On a IB coin published by Kubitschek {Num. Zeitschrift, vol. xxix, 1897, p. 198, MACP occurs, equivalent, in Kubitschek's view (p. 195), to Magd,^ and perhaps indicating the town of Maffdolon.
' Wos. 302-5. Sabatier (i, p. 44; ii, p. 19, No. 85) assigns a coin more or less resembling Nos. 802 and 303 to the time of Constantine IV Pogonatns, but the thick fabric points to an earlier period. Moreover, the IB denomination is characteristic of Alexandria, and we cannot suppose that this mint would issue Imperial coins many years after the conquest by Amru. It is just possible, however, that some of these pieces which show signs of barbarism were issued for a short time immediately after the Saracenic conquest (in the early part of the reign of Gonstans II). Sal»tier (i, p. 44) explained ABAZ or ABAZ as the equivalent of Aoasis or Oasis, an Egyptian citj. This is highly improbable, and I regard it as (» ABA ?) a blundered rendering of AA€Z.
The same explanation applies to OBV? [»ABA?]. The rev. type IMD is probably
V. type 1 K IMD, q.^
derived from the three-figure coins (Nos. 297-801, supra, with IMD, q.v.). On ABAZ see finrther Kubitschek in Num. Zeitschrift, xxix, 1897, p. 195.
^ Nos. 806-8. Pinder and Friedlaendcr (MUnzen Justiniana, p. 82) are doubtless right in attributing these coins to Alexandria. They assign them to the reign of Justinian I, of whom there are S coins of another type. But it seems to me that the thick fabric is more suited to the time of Heraclius, of whom, also, we have S coins of another type. (Ln the intervening reigns the S denomination docs not seem to have been employed at
228
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
|
307 |
82. |
JE .75 |
|
308 |
73-6 |
M .7 |
|
309 |
504 |
JE .7 |
|
310 |
40. |
JE .65 |
|
311 |
37. |
JE .5 |
|
312 |
32-7 |
M .6 |
|
313 |
29.2 |
M .6 |
|
314 |
26. |
JE .5 |
|
315 |
95.3 |
M .7 |
|
316 |
40.4 |
^ .6 |
Obverse
[Purchased, 1904]
[de Salis gift]
rde Salis gift] (thick fabric)
[de Salis gift]
[de Salis gift]
[de Salis gift]
Reverse
[PL xxvn. 1.]
Inscr.^ Cross potent on two steps.
.mh.. R....
ddNNh? R.C\S [PI. XXVII. 2.]
.dKhcriL.. ..
dmhEriLChciuc [PI. xxvn. 3.]
d ....rLRorcu
(inscr. blundered)
dmh€nLrh€PiLC
(?)
[PI. xxvn. 4.]
Bust of Heraclius (on L) and bust of Heraclius Constan- tine, a shorter figure (on r.), facing; between them long cross.
[de Salis gift]
[de Salis gift] [PI. XXVII, 6.]
Crossonsteps between AandUJ'
In ex., riAI/l ; thick fabric.
(O for A) in ex., TTAl/l
Date
Alexandria.) In either case there is a certain difficulty. If we attribute the coins to Justinian, we have another series of S pieces weighing only about 50 grains ; if they are attributed to Heraclius, we have also a second series of S coins weighing 50 grains or less.
^ A well-preserved specimen published by Sabatier in Bevue beige, 1859, p. 311, reads dnh€RA€Th€RCUIV.
' No. 315 has the thick Alexandrian fabric and an ohv, type similar to No. 288, which is undoubtedly of Alexandria. The other pieces here described are, however, of thin fabric. HAN or HON gives the name of no known Imperial mint, and may, perhaps, be a degraded form of AA€Z (cp. the blundered coins supra, Nos. 303, 304 ; also Sab., i, p. 281). Kubitschek (Num, Zeitschrift, xxix, 1897, p. 195) thinks that possibly we have here the name of Panopolis (or Panephysis) which may have been a mint during the siege of Alexandria by the Arabs.
HERACLIUS, ETC.— CARTHAGE— GOLD
229
Weight
42.8
25. 23.9
21-5
22.5
18.
69-2
67.4
Metal and { Size
JE .7
M .6
M .55
M 5
M .55
M .0
N .6
Obverse
Revei-se
[de Sails gfif t]
(O for A) in ex., nOM
[Purchased, 1904] In ex., HOH
[Presented by M. Sabatier]
Busts small.
[de Sails gift]
Busts small. [F.Parkes Weber gift,
[de Salis gift]
[PI. XXVII. e.]
(O for A) in ex., nON
(O for A) in ex., nON
I (UJ O for A on
I in ex., NOn
(O for A) in ex., nOH
IX. CARTHAGE
Solidus Circ. A. D. 610-613
D N€RA CAIOPPA
Bust of Heraclius, beardless, facing ; wears armour and crown ornamented with globus cr. ; in r. holds globus cr.
[de Salis gift]
VICTORIAAVCCA
Cross Intent on two steps; in ex., CO NOB (thick fabric).
[PI. XXVII. 7.]
Circ. A. D. 613 and later
DN€RACUO€T€RA CONSPPA Bust of Heraclius, bearded (on 1.), and smaller bust of Heraclius Constantine (on r.) facing. Each wears . cuirass and paluda- mentum and crown with cross. Above heads, cross.
(DN€RACAIO€T€R ACAIOCONSTPPA)
VICToRl AAVCC
Cross potent on two
steps;
CONOB
fabric).*
in ex., (thick
(VICTORIAACCVC)
At endof inscr., A [PI. XXVII. 8.]
Date
* This thick fabric and small module are imitated in the very interesting early Mohammedan gold coins struck in Africa with abbreviated Latin inscriptions, e.g.
230
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
325 326
327 328
329
Weight
Metal and Size
332
333
334 335
68-7 67.7
68-3 68-6
67.4
330 I 67.9
331 ! 69.8
68.9
67.3
67-8 68.3
U .55
N -5
iJ .55
iJ 55
AT -45
AT 55
N -45
U .5
N .45
N .45
N .45
Obverse
Reverse
(COS for CONS)
(DN6RACLIOCONS TAPPAB)>
(Ends CONPP)
(Inscr. blurred) [Purchased, 1904] [M. XXVII. 9.]
(DN6RCA0C0NPP
[Purchased, 1863]
(EndsCONSTPP..)
(DN€RAC[L] ....P
[F. Parkes Weber gift, 1906]
DNeRACUOCRCP
(DNe PI A')
(DN6RACLIOCONS TPPir)
(DN6RACLIOCON TPP.)
(DN6KAC LIOCON TPPIA)
[Purchased, 1904]
At end of inscr., A [Purchased, 1904]
(VICTORIAACC) at end of inscr., B ; in field r., f [Purchased, 1856]
At end of inscr., f [Blacas, 1867]
At end of inscr., L
(VICTORIAACCV)
at end of inscr., c ; in field r., 6
At end of inscr., H '
(VICTORIAACHC) at end of inscr., 0
(VICTO RIACC) nt end of inscr., I [Purchased, 1904]
(VICTOKIAACC) at end of inscr.. If [Blacas, 1867]
(VICTORIAACC) at end of inscr., lA
(VICT[R..!'JAAVCC) at end of inscr., lA [PI. xxvn. 10.]
Date
INNDNIMSRCHSLDFERTINAFRC^'In nomine Domini misericordis hie solidos fexitus in Africa' : see Lavoix, Cat., Monn. Musulmann (1887), p. 30 f., p. xxxviii f. ; S. Laae- Poole, Brit. Mus. Cat. Or. Coins, Additions i, p. 21 f. ; Ntttzel, Kat. d«r Or. MUmen, Berlin, i, p. 18 f. Coins of the fabric of No. 324 and following pieces are often found in Tuiiis ; cp., e.g., a find at Carthage (now in Mus^e du Bardo) ; Gauckler, BtdUtin arehMogigue du com. dea trav. hitt. for 1900 (Paris, 1901), p. cxlvii f. This find included coins of Heraclios, Constans II, and Constantine IV.
' B, no doubt, is an additional indication of the officina which is ^iven in the nsoal way on the rev. Cp. 329 with 6 on both o6«. and rev. Both these cous have an addi- tional letter in the field of the rev.
° A specimen with officina Z (7) in private possession (1904).
' For PPAI ?, I being the officina number (10) ; which appeare also on the rev.
HERACLIUS, ETC.— CARTHAGE-GOLD
231
No.
336
337
338
339
Weight
68.2
Metal and
N .5
Obverse
(DN6RACLIO
[Purchased, 1846]
Reverse
(VICTRIAAVCC) at endof inscr., I€
68.7
67.2
68.
N .85
N .7
N .85
Circ. A.
DMNH6RACAICO NSVAIIB Busts of Heraclius, bearded (onr.), and Hera- clius Constantine, beardless ^on 1.), facing. Between their heads, cross. They wear consular robes; their heads are bare.
[de SaUs gift] ^ [PI. XXVII. 11.]
[Blacas, 1867] [PI. xxvn. 12.]
DN6RACLIOCON SVLIBA Busts of Heraclius and Hera- clius Constantine lacing. Bothbeard- ed and wearing consular robes. Their heads are bare. Between heads, cross.
[Huber, 1861]* [PI. XXVII. 18.]
D. 629?
VICTORIA CONSV Al IB Cross potent on
three steps: in ex.,
CONOB
(CONSABIB)
(flat fabric)
(Thick fabric)'
VICTORIA CONSA
BIA Cross potent on four steps; in ex., COMOB
(Flat fabric; obv, crudely engraved)
Date
1 Cp. MHn, 80C. arch. St Pet,, 1851, p. 303, No. 19.
■ Formerly in the collection of Mr. ZaepfTel, to whom it was sent from Africa ; engraved Bev, num,, 1857, PL VII. 2, pp. 248, 250, No. 2. A specimen of the same type in bTn,, 1860, p. 129, has on obv. CONSVAIIA (i.e. Consult and numerals IA=11), and on rev, CONSABIA = ConsuHbus; and 11. {Victoria cotmtliU) or consul(um) would, however, be more naturally expected.) Compare the specimens that occurred in the Chatby (Alexandria in Egypt) find desciibed by Dutilh in Revue beige, 1905, p. 158.
» Cp. Montagu Cat (Paris, 1896), No. 1118 and plate, obv. DNH6RACAI CONSVAIir,r«r. VICTORIA CONSVAIir. Thick fabric, the bust onl. apparently beardless, as on our No. 838. Barthelemy (i?. K, 1857, p. 251) wrongly read the cbv. of our No. 337 as DMNN6PIAC &c., and interpreted the legend as Dominis nostris Eradiiis) con8uliib(u8). At that time the legends ending in I A and If were unknown. The legend is clearly equivalent to Do^nino nostro Heradio consult, and IB and If must be numerals (12, 18). The rev. legend of No. 337 CONSABIB, unless blundered, must be equivalent to constdtTms IB (12). Cp. No. 339 with CONSABIA. The obv. of No. 339=Domtno nostro [H]srai:lio consuli and BA ?
* Purchased in November, 1861, from C. G. Huber, Consul-General for Austria in
232
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
340
Metal and Size
Obverse
Reverse
DN6RACLIOCON ! VICTORI AAVCCf SVLIBA Busts of j Cross potent on four
Heraclius and Hera- ;
clius Constantine
facing'. (As No. I
339.) I
69.6
.V .8
steps; in ex., CO NOB
[Montagu sale, 1896, lot 1119]
(Flat fabric; obv, crudely engraved) ' [PI. XXVII. 14.]
341 I 10.
M .5
Silver
Circ. A. D. 610/11 ?
V [€R]ACAIO CON i TORA within circle [SVIAI Bust of Hera- C
clius, beardless, I of dots; whole in
facing ; wears con- , wreath.^
sular robes ; cross ,
on bare head. i
[de Salis gift]
[PI. xxvn. 16.]
Date
Egypt. A few Roman coins and several coins of Alexandria were included in the same purchase. A similar specimen in Monta^^u Co/., No. 1117.
^ Nos. 337-40. The coins of Herachos with consular types have been discussed by A de Barth^lemy in an interesting but not entirely satisfactory article in the Rev, num., 1857, p. 247 Ucp,R. lY., 1860, p. 129. Barth^lemy did not recognize the Carthaginian origin of the gold coins, which, however, is hardly to be doubted in the case of our Nos. 337 and 338. Nos. 339 and 340, on the ground of their types and inscriptions, may be conveniently assigned to Carthage, though their flat fabric and crude style (on the ohv,) differentiate them from Nos. 337 and 338. The style of the obv, of Nos. 339, 840 rather resembles that of the coins assigned in subsequent rei^ to the mint of Rome. I A, IB^ ir in the legends of the gold coins are almost certainly the numerals 11, 12, and 13, though BA on the obv, of Nos. 339 and 340 is hard to explain. (On the rvr. of 339 we have IA = 11.) If * 11*, *12', and *13' are regnal years they correspond to A.D. 620/1, 621/2, 622/3. Possibly, however, they are only the numbers of offidnae. as *10', '13'/14\and '15* doubtless are on the gold described, p. 230 f. In spite of the appearance of two bearded busts on Nos. 339 and 340, 1 do not feel sure that these coins are necessarily later than the coins 337 and 338, which show one of the busts beardUesa. Nos. 339 and 340 are in fact highly conventional, and evidently done by an unskilful artist, and on the rev, of one of these coins, i.e. 339, we find I A (» 11), which might seem to show that they were issued earlier than Nos. 337 and 338, which are inscribed IB (»12).
Unless we accept 11, 12, and 13 as regnal dates (▲.D. 620-3), it will probably be best to suppose that the coins were issued circ, a.d. 629, when Heraclius Constantine was instituted consul (Bury, ii, p. 247 n. ; cp. Barthelemy, 1. c, p. 256 f.). Barthelemj regards our Nos. 339 and 340 as representing Heraclius and his son Heraclonas who was consul in A.D. 640. I prefer the simpler view that the busts are those of Heraclius and Heraclius Constantine.
' Cp. Sab., i, p. 264, Nos. 1 and 2 ; Barthelemy in Rev. num., 1857, p. 250, No. 8, and p. 261. One specimen was procured from Tunis (Rev, beige, 1855, p. 407). The descrip- tions of similar coins with a bearded head seem to be erroneous. The rev, legend is arranged bo as to form a cross, and Barthelemy has suggested that the upright limb of the cross forms I, so that the legend is VICTORIA C[on8uli8?].
HERACUUS, ETC. -CARTHAGE-SILVER
233
342
343 344 345 346
347
9.6
10.5
9.1
11.6
10.4
12.7
(warn)
M 5
M 55
M 45
M 5
M 5
M 55
Obverse
Reverse
Circ. A. D. 613 ?
[€RAC1 Alls Busts, beardless, of Hera- clius and Heraclius Coiistantiiie,facing. Each wears armour and helmet with triple omamentand globus. Above, cross.*
[Purchased, 1868]
Circ. A. D.
DN6RAC AIOPPAV
Bust of Heraclius, beardless, facing ; wears cuirass and paludamentum and crown with globus cr.
A^V STI Crosspotent on three steps. Bor- der of dots.
[Purchased, 1849]
[Acquired, Jan. , 1853]
[L. Eraser, 1847]
(DN€RC AlOCCPPO [Acquired, Jan., 1853]
[PL XXVII. 16.]
613.?
Bust of Heraclius Constantine, beard- less (on L), and bust of !Nmrtina, facing; above, short cross. Heraclius Constantine wears armour and crown with cross. Martina has drapery, long hair and crown with cross ; above, cross. Border of dots.
[PI. X3CVII. 17.] [PL xxvn. 18.]
DN€R ... IVSPPA
Bust of Heraclius facing, as on No. 343.
[Blacas, 1867]'
Busts of Heraclius Constantine and Martina facing, as on No. 343 ; between them, long cross; in ex., ACTI (= Avguati).
Date
^ de Saulcy (Essai, p. 81. PI. VIII. 10) and Sabatier (i, p. 289, Noa. 1 and 2; attribute this type to the brief reign of Heraclius Gonstantine and Heraclonas (after the death of Heraclius), but it is perhaps best to suppose it to be a coin of Heraclius and Heraclius Constantine. That UeracUus can be represented without a beard is shown by the following coins and by other coins of the Carthage mint.
' With the ohc, cp. Sab., PI. XXIX. 16. The M coin attributed by Sabatier (ii, p. 42, PL 89. 6; Thomsen Cat, No. 634) to Tbeodosius III is, almost certainly, a misread specimen of a coin like our No. 347.
Hh
234
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
348
Weight
2515
Metal and Size
^ 1.
349
96.5
JE .85
Obverse
Reverie
M
[Obv. €NT»T ONIKA HeracUus standing, facing, holding long cross and globus cr.
Rev, M with cross above and at each side : in ex., CRTC -^, Size 1. See Sab., PL XXVIIL 26 ; de Saulcy, PL VL 5 ;
p. 60, and cp. the K coins of Carthage described infra.]
XXXX
Date
DN6RACAI0 C[ON SVAI?] Bust of Heraclius (beard- ed ?) facing ; on bare head, cross ; wears consular robes and holds in r. sceptre sur- mounted by eagle.
[de SaUs gift] [PL XXVII. 10, obv.]
XX-XX
in ex., KRTC
Above, ANNO (ob- scure); on L, star; onr.,[€?]»
Circ.
A. D.
€NT»T ONIKA Heraclius, beard- less, standing facing, holding in r. long cross; in L, globus cr. ; wears long robes and crown with cross.
[Aschkenasi, of Tunis, 1854]
629 ?«
> above, and on each side, cross ; in ex., CRTC
[PL xxvn. 20,]
* Poorly preserved; cp. the specimen in Sab., i, p. 264, No. 8, PL XXVIIL 8. ANNO does not appear in Sabatier; possibly the word belongs to the flan of another coin on which our specimen is restruck.
' The legend and ohv. type may surest that these coins were struck in 629, when the Holy Rood was recovered by Herachus from the Persians.
HERACUUS— CARTHAGE
-XX
235
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Sise |
|
350 |
1294 |
M .85 |
|
351 |
99-3 |
M .9 |
|
352 |
88.3 |
M .75 |
|
358 |
69.3 |
M 1. |
|
354 |
61. |
M .65 |
|
355 |
82.8 |
M .65 |
|
356 |
72.2 |
M .7 |
|
357 |
86-6 |
M .7 |
|
358 |
64.5 |
M .7 |
|
359 |
129.6 |
M .85 |
|
360 |
137-2 |
M -9 |
Obverse
Beverae
[de Salis gift]
[deSaUsgift]
(Restruck, apparently on a /\/\ coin of Heraclius, of Carthage, with obv. bust of Heraclius as consul, similar to No. 359, infra : on ofet?., ezergual line and KRT^; on rer., traces of inscr.)
(OnL,ONIKA;onr., ...N9).
(On L, ON T»T..)
1 on r.,
[Purchased, 1904]
[de Salis gift]
(Restruck)
XX
Inscr. Bust of Hera- clius, bearded, facing; wears cuirass and palu- damentum and hel- met with cross ; holds in r. globus cr.
DN€ RACUIOPP
DN€ RACUIOPP DN€RA CUIOPPAV .■€RACU lOPPAV DN6RA CUIOPPA
/\*/\ above, cross; on 1., star; onr.,€; in ex., KRT^
6RACAIO CONSV Al Bust of Hera- clius (bearded?) facing; on bare head, cross; wears consular robes and holds in r. sceptre surmounted by eagle.
[Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904]
[PI, xxvn, 2i.\
[Blacas, 1867]
! [Presented by Mr. 1 H. S.Keating, 1878]
/\*/\ above, cross; onL,star;onr.,€; in ex., KRT5
[PI. XXVTI. 22.]
Date
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
361 362 363 364
365
366 367
368
Weight
37-5
48.7
44.
47.8
17.8
59. 70.
46.6
Metal and Size
M 7
M .6
^ .6
^ .5
jE .5
^ .75
M .7
M .65
Obvene
Bevene
DN6RAC LIOPPAV Bast of Heraclius, beardless, fiociiig ; wears paladamen- tum and cuirass and helmet with cross.
NXM above, cross; beneath, star.
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. XJCVII. 28.]
I (AC for AV) I [Purchased, 1904]
I I
(inscr. partly obscure) i
qe^fA]
CUIOP
(IVIN) (Three pellets instead of cross on helmet).
(No pellets) [PI. xxvn. 24.]
(No pellets)
[de Sabs gift] [PI. xxvn. 25.]
(Barbarous imitation ?)
6RACAIO CONSV Al Bust of Heraclius, beardless, facing ; on bare head, cross ; wears consular robes and holds sceptre surmounted by crescent.
[Aschkenasi. of Tunis, I 1854]
[Bkcas, 1867]
NXM above, cross; beneath, star.
Date
[PI. XXVII. 26.]
HERACLTOS-SICILY— M
237
369 I 29.6
370
257.2
JE
M 13
V
Cite. A. D. 610/11
[CRACAIO ClON SVAI Bust of Hera- clius, beardless, facing; [cross on] bare head; wears consular robes.*
[de Salis gift]
V above, cross; on L, star; on r.,star; four pellets.
[PI. xxvn. 27.]
X. SICILY (Syracuse.?^ and Catina*)
M
Sekies I (jiasued before a. d. 630)
This series consists of M coins of Anasta- sius I, Justin I, and Justinian I, counter- marked (overstruck by dies) on obv. and rev, by Heraclius as follows : —
Bust of Heraclius, j bearded, facing, I wearing cuirass and paludamentum and crown -with cross;
onr.. It ; the whole forming an oval or circular counter- mark which is usually stamped behind, or on, the head of the Em- peror (Anastasius, Justin, &c.).
(Head large)
[PI. XXV III. 1.]
SCL^ (=SeWr or SeciP^^ within an oval or circular countermark usual- ly stamped below the M of the coin.
(On Anastasius) [Purchased, 1904]
^ Partly off flan ; cp. the epecimen in Rev, num,, 1889, p. 251.
' A. Sambon in an article on 'L'atelier monetaire de Syracuse*, published in Le 2iu9ie, 1906, pp. 267-73, says:— 'Torremuzza, De Salis, Sabatier [also Holm.] . . . attribuent a Catane des monnaies ayant les lettres CAT. 11 ne pouvait pas ezister d*atelier monetaire ii Catane. San Qointino ^tait dans le vrai en attriouant ces monnaies a Cflxthage, et en les comparant h, celles qui ont KAT, KRT, CTC. {Le manete de Oiustiniano, ii, p. 6).* I am unable to conjecture on what grounds M. Sambon asserts that Catina cannot have been a mint. It is certain that tne Emperor's head on the I coins of Catina (Nos. 402 ff. infra) is identical with his head as it appears in the
238
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
371 372
373 374 375 376 377 378 379
380
381
382 383
Weight
205.2
(pierced)
258.2
Metal and Size
254.
230.5
218.2
198.8
200.5
255.
312.4
316.6
289.
238.7 243-5
M 1.2 M 1.4
JS 1.45
M 1.3
M 1.15
M 1.15
iE 1.25
JE 1.2
JE 165
M 14
M 1.3
JE 1.25 M 1.15
Obverse
(Head large)
[Presented by the Hon. J. L. Warren, 1859]
Reverse
(On Anastasius) (On Anastasius)
(Covered with a green, glassy patina)
[Rev. G. J. Chester, 1870]
(Head large) [Purchased, 1904]
(Head large) [de Salis gift]
(Head large)
(Head large) [Purchased, 1904]
(Head large) [Purchased, 1905]
(Head large) [Campana sale, 1846, lot 1044]
[Purchased, 1904]
(On Anastasius) [PI. XXVIII. 2.]
(On Anastasius ; of Constantinople)
(On Justin I) (On Justin I)
(On Justin I)
[PI. xxvin. 8.]
(On Justinian I, pro- file bust)
(On Justinian I, full- face type, year 12, of Constantinople)
(On Justinian I, full- face type, year 20, of Cyzicus) [PI. XXVIII. 4.]
(On Justinian I, full- face type, year 17)
(On Justinian I, pro- file bust)
(On Justinian I, pro- file bust) [PI. XXVIII. 6.]
countermarks of his M coins (No. 357 ff.), which were admittedly struck in Sicilj
(Syracuse?). Moreover C" ^ « .« ., . .,
which on the coins of Hen that there are Carthaginiai have seen no such pieces.)
HERACLIUS, ETC. - SICILY— M
239
No.
Weight
384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392
393
1502
1514
1634
143.
136.
1114
208.7
1334
172.
151.6
Metal and Size
JE 115 M 1.25 JE 125 JE 1.1 jE M M 1.05 M 1.3 JE 1.25 M 1.35
jE 1.45
Obverse
Reverse
Sebies II (iss^ied after a. d. 630)
This series consists of M coins of Heraclius with obv. Heraclius in military dress and Heraclius Constantine standing facing (like No. 146, PI. XXIV. 5). These are countermarked as follows : —
Bust of Heraclius, bearded, and bust of Heraclius Con- stantine, beardless, facing; each is draped and wears crown with cross; above, cross. (Coun- termark, impressed upon the reverse side of the coin, usually on the upper
part of the M).
(Year 21, Constanti- nople=A.D. 630/1)
(Year 21, Constanti- nople)
(Year 21, Constanti- nople)
(Year 21, Constanti- nople)
(Year 21, Constanti- nople)
(Year 21, Constanti- nople)
([Year 21 ?] Constan- tinople)
(Year 21, Constanti- nople)
(Constantinople, re- struck on a coin of Nicomedia)
(Constantinople)
SCL^ (Counter- mark, impressed on the lower part of the obverse side of the coin).
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. xxvni. e. J
[Rev. G. J. Chester, 1870]
[Purchased, 1904]
[Blacas, 1867]
[Purchased, 1904]
[de SaUs gift]
[Purchased, 1904]
[de Salis gift] [PI. xxvni. 7.]
Date
240
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No. 394
395
396
397
Weight
398
399 400
401
161. 1347
124-8 161.
135.3
86. 89.
97.4
Metal and Size
M 1.25 JE 1-25
JE 1-2 JE 1.2
M 1-2
M 1.
JE -9
J& .85
Obverse
Revetse
(Constantinople)
(Constantinople, re-
stmck on M coin [of Justinian ?])
(Restruck on Antiocli coin of Phocas)
[Purchased, 1904]
[de Salis gift]
(Restruck)
[Presented by Mr. Richard Hewitt, 1903]
Sebies ni (issued after a. d. 630)
kI coins of Heraclius, as in Series 11 (No. 384), but countennarked as follows : —
Bust of Heraclius
•Sso
(Counter-
wit h moustache and mark impressed long beard, and bust upon the reverse
side of the coin).
of lleraclius Con- ' stantine with close i beard, facing. Each draped and wearing ; crown with cross. Above, cross. (Coun- termark impressed upon the obverse of the coin, upper part.)
[Purchased, 1904] | (Year 21)
I [PI, XXVIII,8,ret\]
(Coin clipped) (Coin clipped)
(Coin clipped) [PI. XXVIII. 9.]
(Constantinople)
(Constantinople) [Purchased, 1904]
(Constantinople) [Purchased, 1904]
HERACLIUS, ETC.— SICILY
-I
241
No.
Weight
402 403
404 405
406 407 408
409
60-7 58-2
63.7 54-4
48-2 36.4 53.6
56.
Metal and Size
Obvene
JE 55
^ .55
M .55
JB -5
jE .55
M .5
M .55
ReTeiae
I
Inscr. Bust of Hera- clius, bearded, facing; -wears crown with cross and palu- damentum and cuirass; r. hand (not represented) holds globus or.
DH€RAC LIPPAVS
DNH€RA. .IPPAVS
DNH€RA. .IPPAVS
[DN]H€R.ACLI
lUIPPA (=
CLIPPA)
Inscr. obscure.
LIPPAVC
Bust of Heraclius, bearded (on 1.), and shorter bust of Heraclius Constan- tine, beardless (on r.), f&cmg. Each wears crown with cross and paluda- mentum and cuirass. Above, cross. Border of dots.
[Purchased, 1904]
1 on L, A
N
N
O in ex., CAT (thick fabric)
Onr.,^111'
[de Salis gift]
On r., X
[de Salis gift] [H. XXV UI. 10.]
On r., X [Purchased, 1904]
On r., X
[Purchased, 1904]
On r., XI [Purchased, 1904]
On r., XII [Purchased, 1904]
On r., X (A for A) III
1 on 1., A N N
in ex. border.
CAT
Datie
On r.,X (A for first A)
nil
9= 618/19
10= 619/20
10= 619/20
11= 620/1
11=
620/1
12=
621/2
13= 622/3
14= 623/4
According to Thomsen Cat., p. 29, No. 459, there is a specimen of year 5.
I i
242
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
410
411
Weight
412
413 414 415 416
66.7
61.
Metal and Size
56-8
59.9 43.9 38. 34.3
.£ 'OO
M .6
Obverse
M .65
M .75
M .65
JE .65
M -6
[de Sails gift]
[Northwicksale, 1860]
Reverse
On r., X ' (A for A) On r., X (A for A)
[PI. xxvni. 11.]
V
[Small jE with obv. Head of Heraclius, rev.
Y between two stars: in ex. CAT. See Rev. beige, 1855, p. 406; Sab., i,
p. 272, No. 39 (obv. ?) ; Coll. Windiach- Gratz, Nos. 192, 193.J
XI. ROME
XX
DDNNCKACLIOK VN Bust of Hera- clius (on 1.), beard- less, and shorter bust of Heraclius Gonstantine (on r.), beardless. Each is draped and wears crown. Above, cross. Border of dots.'
(No cross ; between heads, pellet) [de Sails gift]
(No cross) (DNforDDNN) (DN for DDNN) (DN for DDNN)
/\/\ above, cross in ex., KOM Border of dots.
Date
16= 625/6
19= 6289
(Cross obscure) [PI. XXIX. 1.]
[Purchased, 1904]
* A specimen with X^ll (18) in an English private collection (1905). ' Cp. de &iulcj, Rev, num.t 1842, p. 409. The youthful, almost childlike, appearance of these busts is probably due to the conventional treatment of an unskilful engraver.
HERACUUS, ETC.— ROME-K
243
Weight
538 28.3 214
89.
66-6
48.4
99.4
Metal aad Size
JE .65 M .6 M .6
M .7
M .8
JE .7
iE •b
Obverse
Inscr. (fragmentaiy). Bust of Heraclius (on L), with long beard, and shorter bust of Heraclius Constantino (on r.)
Reverse
XX
above, cross; in ex., ROfD Border of dots.
.0,.N
[n. XXIX. 2.]
N
[PI. XXIX. 3.] Inscr. obscure.
Inscr. Three busts fEtcing; in centre, Heraclius; on r., Heraclius Constan- tino; on 1., Hera- clonas, both shorter than Heraclius. Each bust draped and wearing crown with cross. Border of dots.
DN.CKACL..
RACLAC
DN(N ?)€RACLI ,
Inscr. ?
[de Salis gift]
[Purchased, 1904]
[de Salis gift]
^ on L, A
N
N
O in ex., KoM Border of dots.*
Above, X; on r., Ill [de SaUs gift]
Above, X; on r.. Ill [PL XXIX. 4.]
Above, X; onr.. Ill
Above, X; onr., Illl» "de Salis gift] Fl. XXTX. 5?]
l^
Date
13= 622/3
13= 622/3
13=
622/3
14=
623/4
> Cp. the bnstB on K coin of Bavenna (infra) of year vii'A.i>. 616/17.
^ Sabatier attributed these coins to Heiaclonas, DaTid Tiberius, and Constantine in, A. D. 641, owing to a misunderstanding of the date which has been set right by Thomson Cat, p. 35, Nos. 541-3: cp. Bev. hOge, 1855, p. 410.
' An apparent ./^/^ stroke is r^ly part of the border of dots.
244
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
Weight
424
67-7
425
66-7
426 427
428
67-3 65-2
67.5
Metal and Size
AT .85
N .85
iJ .8 AT. .8
M .8
Obverse
Reverse
Xn. RAVENNA
Solidus Circ. tL. D. 610-613
DNHERAC LIVSPP
AVC Bust of Hera- clius, with close beard,fiacing; wears helmet with plume and paludamentum and cuirass; in r., globus cr.
[Pembroke sale, 1848, lot 1461]
VICTORI AAVCCC
Cross potent on four steps ; beneath, CONOB
At end of inscr., H
[PL XXIX. e.]
Circ. A. D. 613/14 — circ. a. d. 630 or later
DDNNHCRACLIVS €TH€R.ACONSTPP AVCC BustofHera- clins, with close beard, and bust of Heraclius Constan- tine, beardless, facing. Above, cross. Each wears crown with cross and paludamentum and cuirass.
(\\NN€RACLIVS€ TCRACOSTPPAVC)
[de SaHs gift]
(Ends CO-SPP) [BankofEnglandgift. 1877]
())NNh€R.ACLIVS€ Th€R7SC0NPA/)
VICTORI AAVCC
Cross potent on four steps ; beneath, CONOB
(Three steps), at end of inscr., A and peUet.
[Cracherode bequest, 1799]
(AVCCC for AVCC) at end of inscr., H
(VICTOR.I AAVCCC) at end of inscr., H
At end of inscr., H [C. A. Murray, 1849] [Fl. XZXX. 7.]
HERACUUS, ETC.— RAVENNA-GOLD
245
No.
429
430
Weight
69.5
69.
431
432 433
69.5
68. 67.5
434
22.8
Metal and Size
N .75
N .8
N .85
Af .8 N .8
N .6
Obverse
(AVCforAVCC)
[Purchased, 1862]
(NforNN) (AVCforAVCC)
[de Salis gift]
Reverse
(Three steps) (AVCCC for AVCC) at end of inscr., P
(A for A) at end of inscr., T; in field r., star. [PI. XXIX. 8.]
Issued circ. a. d. 630 or later
DDNN€RACLIVS€T €R7\CONSTPP Bust of Heraclius, with long beard and moustache,and bust of Heraclius Con- stantine with close beard, facing. Above, cross. Each wears crown with cross and paluda- mentum and cuirass.
(CONSTT for CON ST)
[PL XXIX. 9.]
(Ends CONSPP)
(DDNNH€RACUVS €TH€RACONTPPA VC)
VICTORI AAVCC
Cross potent on three steps ; be- neath, CO NOB
At end of inscr., P
At end of inscr., R ? [PI. XXIX. 10.]
(Four steps) (AAVCCC for AA VCC)
at end of inscr., H [Purchased, 1863]
Tremissis
DNHCKACL IPCKPA VC Bust of Hera- clius r., beardless; wears armour and diadem ; cross on head.
[Blacas, 1867]
VICT0RIH6RACLI
AVC Cross potent ; beneath, CONOB
[PI. XXIX. u.]
Date
246
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No. Weight
435
436 437
438 439
22.8
224 225
22.4
22.8
Metal and Size
N .6
^ .65
M .6
N .6
N .55
440 441
99.6 97.7
M 1.
M 1.
442
6.8
& .45
Obverse
Reverse
DNH€RACLI VSPP AVC Bust of Hera-
clius r., beardless ;
wears armour and
diadem.
(Cross on head) [PI. XXIX. 12.]
[PI. XXIX. 13.]
(DNHERAC LIPERP
Avq
(Cfross on head)
(DNH6R.AC LIVSPP AVC)
DNN€RAC SPPAV
LIV
YICTORIAAVCVS TORVN Cross po- tent; beneath, CONOB
(RVm for RVN) [Parchased, 1904]
[de Sails gdi] [de Salis gift]
Silver Issued circ. a.d. 615 or later
DDNNh€RACLIVS€ ThCRACON Hera- clius, bearded, and Heraclius Constan- tine, beardless, seated, facing, on double throne. Each wears long robes and crown with cross, and holds in r. globus cr. Above, cross. Border of dots.
(Double-struck)
D€VSADIVTAR.OmA
N IS Cross potent on
globus which rests
on three stepa
Wreath-like border.
[PI. XXIX. 14.]
(Double-struck) (r\ for A) [PI. XXIX. 15.]
Inscr. Bust of Hera- clius r., beardless ; wears armour and diadem. Border of dots.
DNKRA VS
CLIPPA
Cross potent. Wreath- like border.
[Rollin sale, London, 1853, lot 587] [PL XXIX. 16.]
HERACIIUS— RAVENNA-SILVER
247
Weight
5.9
6.2
6.1
6.6
4.2
Metal and Size
JR .45
M .4
Jl .4
JR .45
M .45
M .45
449 4.3 M 45
M .4
ObTerse
DN€RAC LIVSPP AV
DN€RACL IVSPPA VI
DN€RACL IVSPPA V«
Inscr. Bust of Hera- clius r., beardless; wears armour and diadem. Border of dots.
BevexBB
Date
DN€R.AC AV
LIVSPP
DN€RACLI VSPPA VC
[Purchased, 1867]
DN€RA PPAVC
Bust of Heraclius r., beardless ; weai-s armour and diadem. Border of dots.
[Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1863]
DNIRACL IVSPPA Bust of Heraclius r., beardless ; wears armour and diadem. Border of dots.
[Purchased, 1867]
[RoUin sale, London, 1853, lot 588]
[PI. XXIX. 17.]
[Purchased, 1867]
Cross/attrcA(^between two stars. Wreath- like border.
[Purchased, 1904] [m. XXIX. 18.]
(Cross potent) [PI. XXTX. 19.]
HjR (monogram of Heraclius) within wreath.
[PI. XXIX. 20.]
11 (monogram of Heraclius); above, small cross. Wreath- like border.
[PI. XXTX. 21,]
248
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse ! Reverse |
Dat« |
|
|
M |
|||||
|
DN€RAC+€T€R7\C |
M on 1., A |
||||
|
ON' Bust of Hera- |
N |
||||
|
clius (on 1.), beard- |
N |
||||
|
ed ? and shorter |
0 |
||||
|
bust of Heraclius |
above, cross ; |
||||
|
Constantine (on r.) facing. Above, |
in ex., R7\V |
||||
|
cross. Each is |
|||||
|
draped and has |
|||||
|
cross on head. |
|||||
|
451 |
111. |
JE 1. |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., V |
7= |
|
[Fl. XXIX. 22.] . |
II beneath, A (= A) |
616/17 |
|||
|
Inscr. Heraclius, with |
M on 1., A |
||||
|
long beard and |
N |
||||
|
moustache (on L), |
N |
||||
|
and Heraclius CJon- |
0 |
||||
|
stantine, with close |
above, cross ; |
||||
|
beard (?), (on r.) |
inex., RAV |
||||
|
standing facing. |
|||||
|
Each wears crown |
|||||
|
with cross. Above, |
|||||
|
cross. Heraclius |
|||||
|
wears military dress |
|||||
|
and holds in r. long |
|||||
|
cross. He tramples |
|||||
|
on a prostrate figure |
|||||
|
(a Persian soldier ?). Heraclius Constan- |
|||||
|
tine wears long |
|||||
|
robes and holds in |
|||||
|
r. globus cr. |
|||||
|
452 |
129-1 |
M .9 |
DDNNH€RACLIVS€ |
On r., X ; beneath, L |
21= |
|
TH€R? Between the |
X |
630/1 |
|||
|
two figures, cross |
1 |
||||
|
on three steps. |
[Purchased, 1904] [PL XXIX. 28.] |
||||
|
453 1 103-7 |
JE .9 |
DDNN? Partly ob- |
On r., X ; beneath, A |
21= |
|
|
scure. |
X 1 |
630 1 |
|||
|
[de Sails gift] |
HERACLTOS, ETC.— RAVENNA— M
249
No.
Weight
454
1064
455
114.2
456
117.4
457
116.2
Metal and Size
M 9
M 1.
M .85
M .9
Obverse
DDN...RACLIVS..
" * [de Sails gift] [Fl. XXX. 1, obv.']
Inscr. Three busts facing. In centre, Heraclius with close b^rd; on 1., Mar- tina, withlong hair ; on r., Heraclius Constantino, beard- less. Each bust is draped. Martina wears high crown with cross; Hera- clius and his son each wear crown with cross.
.NNhRAC? (Double -struck, and partly obscure) rthe tkree crosses aetached fropi the crowns).
(Inscr. partly obscure) (crosses detached)
DDNNh€R
[hejRA CONSPP
Reverse
On r., X X II
beneath, A (A N N
O) (RAV)
M on L, A
N N o
above, cross ; in ex., RA
On r., V ; beneath, A
[Purchased, 1864] [PL XXX. 2,]
On r., V ; beneath, A II I [de Salis gift]
On r., X V I beneath, A (RAV) [PL XXX. 3.]
Date
22=
631/2
616/17
8= 617/18
16= 625/6 »
^ In Photiades Cat,^ No. 295, a specimen of year 13 is described.
Kk
250
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse 1 Reverse |
Date |
|
|
Threefiguresstanding M on 1., A |
|||||
|
facing, each wear- N |
|||||
|
incf long robes and holding in r. globas cr. Heraclius (in centre) has mous- |
N |
||||
|
O |
|||||
|
above, n ; in ex., RAV |
|||||
|
tache and long |
|||||
|
beard, and wears |
|||||
|
crown with cross. |
|||||
|
Heraclius Constan- |
|||||
|
tine (on r. ), a shorter |
|||||
|
figure, is beardless, |
|||||
|
and wears crown |
|||||
|
with cross. Hera- |
|||||
|
clonas (on L), a |
|||||
|
diminutive figure, |
|||||
|
beardless, wears |
|||||
|
crown (with cross detached). |
|||||
|
458 |
122.9 |
M .95 |
[Purchased, 1904] |
On r., X ; beneath, A |
22= |
|
[PI, XXX. 4.] |
X II |
631/2' |
|||
|
459 |
101. |
JE 1. |
[de Salis gift] |
On r., X ; beneath, A II II |
24= 683/4 |
|
460 |
82-6 |
M M |
(Cross of Heraclonas |
On r., X |
28?= |
|
(piefned) |
not detached) |
X V II [1?] beneath, A (?) |
637/8' |
||
|
XXXX |
|||||
|
For JE of this denomination, with obv. |
|||||
|
Busts of Heraclius and Heraclius Constantine, |
|||||
|
see Thomsen Cat.^ No. |
503, PL 1. |
» According to de Saulcy, Essaiy p. 72, PL VIII. 6, there is also a specimen of year 20.
' de Saulcy (p. 73) describes a specimen of year 80.
HERACLIUS, ETC.— RAVENNA— K
251
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obvene |
Reverse |
Date |
|
K |
|||||
|
DDNNH6RACUVS6 |
l> on 1., A |
||||
|
Th€RACON? (partly |
N |
||||
|
obscure). Bust of |
N |
||||
|
Heraclius, with close |
0 |
||||
|
beard (on 1.), and |
above, cross ; |
||||
|
shorter bust of |
beneath, K.A |
||||
|
Heraclius Constan- |
|||||
|
tino [beardless] (on r.]. Both facing; |
|||||
|
draped and wearing |
|||||
|
crowns with cross. |
|||||
|
Above, cross. |
|||||
|
461 |
60^ |
M .7 |
[Purchased, 1904] DDNNh€RACLIV€T h€RCONTPP Hera- clius, with long beard and mous- tache (on 1.), and Heraclius Constan- tino (on r.), stand- ing facing. Each wears crown with cross. Above, cross. Heraclius wears military dress and holds in r. long sceptre with cross. He tramples on a prostrate figure fa Persian soldier ?). |
On r., V II [PI. XXX. 6.] K on L,A N N O above, cross. (Cp. Nos. 452-4, |
7= 616/17 |
|
Heraclius Constan- |
|||||
|
tine wears long |
|||||
|
robes and holds in |
|||||
|
r. globus cr. Be- |
|||||
|
tween the two |
|||||
|
figures, cross on |
|||||
|
steps. |
|||||
|
462 |
67^ |
M -75 |
[deSalisgift] |
On r. , XX 1 ; beneath, A [PI. XXX. e.] |
21= 630/1 |
|
463 |
5a7 |
M -65 |
(TuRcr. obscure or off |
On r. , XX 1 ; beneath, A [Royal CoUection] |
21= |
|
flan) (cross on steps |
630/1 |
||||
|
omitted). |
252
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obvene |
Reverse |
Date |
|
Tnscr. Three busts feeing. In centre, Heraclius, with close beard; on 1., Mar- tina, with longhair; on r., Heraclius Constantine, beard- less. Each bust is draped. Martina wears high crown with cross; Hera- clius and his son each wear crown with cross. |
K on 1., A N N 0 above, cross ; beneath, RA |
||||
|
464 |
58.4 |
M .7 |
(Inscr. fragmentary |
On r., V |
7= |
|
and blundered)* |
II |
616/17 |
|||
|
f the three crosses detached from the |
[de Sails gift] |
||||
|
crowns). |
|||||
|
465 |
61.6 |
JE .65 |
(Inscr. fragmentary |
On r., V |
8= |
|
and blundered) |
II |
617/18 |
|||
|
(the three crosses detached). |
1 |
||||
|
[de Sails gift] PI, XXX. ?; |
|||||
|
XX |
|||||
|
Circ. A.I). 616/17 |
|||||
|
DDNNh€RACLIVS€ |
X^X: inex.,KAV |
||||
|
Th€ Bust of |
|||||
|
HeracliuSjWith close |
|||||
|
beard (on L), and |
|||||
|
shorter bust of |
|||||
|
Heraclius Constan- |
|||||
|
tine, beardless (on |
|||||
|
r.). Both facing; |
|||||
|
draped, and wearing |
|||||
|
crowns with cross. |
|||||
|
Above, cross. |
|||||
|
466 |
74.8 |
JE .7 |
Between busts, pellet. |
[de SaliR gift] PL XXX. 8.] |
Cp. M^m. 90C. d'atxh. num. St. PH., 1851, p. 807, No.
HERACLTOS— RAVENNA— X
253
No.
Weight
467
468
26-6 25-3
469
Metal and Size
M -5
33-2 JE .65
470
18.4
M .55
471
22.
JE .5
Obverse
Reverse
DN€RA CLIPPA Bust of Heiadius, with close beard, faeing; draped; wears crown with cross; in r. globus cr. Border of dots.
[Parchased, 1864]
[de Salis gift]
Inscr. Bust of Hera- clius r., with close beard; wears dia- dem, paludamen- tum and cuirass. Border of dots.
DNNh€RAC
PPAVC (Han of irregular snape).
.NNh€RA PP
Ave (Flan of ir- regular shape).
border of dots.
[Fl. XXX. 9.]
\ above, cross. Border of dots.
On r., Ml II [H. P. BorreU sale, 1852, lot 1076] » [PL XXX. 10.]
On r., [date obscure] [de Salis gift]
X?
...A CUVSPPA
Bust of Heraclius r. (beardless ?), wearing diadem, paludamentum and cuirass. Border.
[de Salis gift]
Wreath-like border. [PL XXX, 11,]
Date
8= 617/18
The attribution of Nos. 469 and 470 to Ravenna is somewhat doubtful.
254 IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
COINS WITH THE NAME OF HERACLIUS NOT ISSUED AT THE
IMPERIAL MINTS.
The imitations (chiefly Lombardic?) are mainly the semima (rer. globus cruciger) and tremiasis (rev, cross potent) with the obverses very rude and the legends blundered.
There are also (Brit. Mus.) some solidi (possibly Arab imitations) with obv. Heraclius and two sons standing facing. The obv. is very roughly en- graved and does not appear to be of any Imperial mint. One of these has, on the rev.^ the cross potent represented as T : cp. the early Arab imitations of the tiiick gold coins of Carthage where the cross is treated in the same way (Brit Mus. Cat. OHental CJoifis^ Additions I-IV, PL HI). In Brit. Mus. is also a solidus (acquired in 1906) which is a barbarous imitation of our No. 10, &c., supra (o6t>. busts of Heraclius and Heraclius Constantine. Legend blundered; rev.y cross potent on three steps. Legend, VICTA AOVNI ; beneath, hONOC). The provenance is unknown.
On the Merovingian imitations see the works of de Belfort and Prou.
265
CONSTANS II (Constantinus III)
Sept. 641— Sept. (?) 668
CONSTANTINUS IV POGONATUS, son of Constans H; Augustus from A,D. 654.
HERACLIUS and TIBERIUS, sons of Constans 11; Caesars from a«d. 659.
Mints = I. Constantinople ; [Alexandria ?] ; IL Carthage ; m. Sicily ; rv. Rome; V. Ravenna.
No.
Weight
68.5 68.2
Metal and
Size
N .8 N .75
Obverse
Reverse
I. CONSTANTINOPLE
Solidus^
A.D. 641--aVc. 646?
(Bust of Constans, beardless)
VICTORIA AV^g
Cross potent on three steps; be- neath, CONOB
T)NCONSrAN ri NUSPPAVI Bust of Constans 11, beard- less, facing; wears crown witii globus cr., paludamentum and cuirass; in r., globus cr.
[Purchased, 1904]
(AV)
At end of inscr., B At end of inscr., A
Date
^ The gold and Rilver cannot be dated with perfect exactness. The principal clues are the first appearance of Constantine IV and of Heraclins and Tiberius in company with their father, probably in a.d. 654 and 659 respectively. The dates assigned to the ^ with the single bust of Constans are more conjectural. The beardless head doubtless begins in a.d. 641, when the Emperor was only eleven. In a few years (about 646?) his feice displays a close beard and whiskers. Then follows the long beard type, the first appearance of which may be assigned to a.d. 651/2, as in that year Constans is repre- sented with a long beard on the dated M of Constantinople. At this time he was only about twenty-one years old, and the portrait is obviously entirely conventional and closely modelled upon that of Heraclins. The Athens (Asklepieion) finds (see Svoronos, Jaum. int., 1904, p. 143), which may have been buried eirc. 662, the date of the visit of Constans to Athens, include the solidi of the Emperor in conjunction with his' three sons (two types).
256
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
Mo.
3 4
10
11
12
Weight
62-8 688
68-9
68-4
68.7
66.6 69.3 68.7
69.2
67.5
Metal and Sice
.8 .8
H .75
N .8
H .85
N .8
N .8
N .8
N .8
N .8
Obvene
[Lord Elgin] [Parchased, 1904]
(AV) [Purchased, 1904]
[Bought in 1904 ; from Ponton d'Am^court sale, No. 908]
(AV) (Double-struck) [Purchased, 1904]
CAV) (graffito KA&c.) [C. A. Murray, 1849]
[de Sails gift] [PL XXX. 18.]
("DM for "ON) [de Salis gift]
Reverse
At end of inscr., €
At end of inscr., H [PL XXX. 12.]
At end of inscr., G
At end of inscr., 5 (be- neath, C0N05C)
Atendof inscr., T * (be- neath, C0N05C)
Atendofinscr.,S(be- ! neath, C0N05C) |
At end of inscr. , € (be- neath, CONOBK)
At end of inscr. ,G * (be- neath, CONOBK)
Date
Circ. A.D. 646-651 (Bust of Constans with short beard)
"DNCONSTAN Tl NMSPPAVI Bust of Constans 11, with short beard and whiskers,' facing ; wears crown with globus cr., paluda- mentum and cuirass; in r., globus cr.
(Ends AVM) (Double-struck) [Purchased, 1904]
VICTORIA AV^M Gross potent on three steps; be- neath, CONOB
At end of inscr., B; in field r., €
(Double-struck) at end of inscr., A ; in field r., € [PI. XXX. 14.]
' With €, Montagu Cat,, No. 1136.
' This might also be a misshapen B ; cp. Montagu Cat,, No. 1137. ^ On Nos. 11-15 inclusive, and on No. 18. the hair on the face is only slightly indicated by dots. These pieces are probably the earh'est of this type.
CONSTANS n— CONSTANTINOPLE— SOLIDUS
357
Weight
68-5
69.
68-8
67-2
68. 69.
67.6
68.8
68.
694
67.2 67.2 68.8 68.8
Metal and Size
A^ .75
N .75
H .8
N .8
N .75
N .85
AT .75
N .75
U .75
A -9
A .75
A 75
A .8
A .8
Obrene
("DNCONSTIN Tl NHSPPAVg)
[Purchased, 1904]
(AV)
[Purchased, 1904]
(Ends riNPSPPAV) [Purchased, 1904]
(EndsTINKSPPAVS)
[Purchased, 1904]
(Ends riNPSPPAV)
(DNCONSriN n NHSPPAVI)
[Purchased, 1904]
(AV)
[Purchased, 1904]
(riNPS&c.) [Wigan gift, 1864]
(AV)
[Purchased, 1904]
(EndsTINHSPPAV.)
[Blacas, 1867^
(EndsriNHSPPAV.)
[Purchased, 1904]
(EndsriNHSPPAV.) [Purchased, 1904]
(EndsriNHSPPAV) [Rev. T. Drake, 1875]
[R Parkes Weber gift.
Beverse
At end of inscr., H ; in field r., €
At end of inscr., A ; in field r., S
At end of inscr., F; in field r., S
At end of inscr., €; in field r., S (be- neath, CON05+)
At end of inscr. , S ; in field r., S
At end of inscr. S; in field r., S
At end of inscr., A ; in field r., Z [PI. XXX. 16.]
At end of inscr., L, ; in field r., Z
At end of inscr., S ; in field r., Z
At end of inscr., G ; in field r., Z (be- neath, CON05+)
At end of inscr., H ; in field r., H
At end of inscr., I (^be- neath, CONOBI)
At end of inscr., S
At end of inscr., S (CONOB+)
Date
* Published, Num. Cht-on, ed., 1868, p. 53, No. 459, but the ret\ legend was misread.
• l1
258
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
27
28
29 30
31
32
33
34
35 3G 37
Weight
692 66.
67.2
68.2 (pierced)
69.2
68.
68-8
686
66.4
68.
68.6
Metal and Size
N 75
Al .8
N .8
A/ 75
N .8
.V .8
AI -cS
N 75
A^ 75
U 75
A^ 75
Obverse
Reverse
Circ. A.n. 651/2-659 (Bast of Constans with long beard)
"DNCONSTAN Z\ NHSPPAV Bust of Constans 11, with long beard and moustache, facing; wears crown with globus cr., paluda- mentum and cui- rass ; in r., globus cr.
[Purcliased, 1904]
(V blundered)
[Purchased, 1904]
[Lieut. -Col. Ross, 1846]
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. XXX. 16.]
[Presented by Mr. P. Henderson, 1877]
[Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904]
VICTORIA AVCM Cross potent on three steps ; be- neath, CONO&
At end of inscr., A
At end of inscr., A ;
in field r., star. [F. Parkes Weber gift,
1906]
At end of inscr., B At end of inscr., F
At end of inscr., A
At end of inscr. L (be- neath, CONOB+)
At end of inscr., S
At end of inscr., H
At end of inscr., H
At end of inscr., I
At end of inscr. , G (be- neath, CONOBI)
CONSTANS n, ETC.— CONSTANJINOPLE-SOLIDUS
259
Weight
68.
67-2
68.
65.7 (pierced)
68-3
G8.2
67.2
69.4
67.
Metal and Size
£f .8
JJ .75
AI .8
U .8
U .75
U .8
AT .75
U .75
A^ .75
Obvene
Reverae
A.D. 654r-659 (Busts of Constans 11 and Constantine IV)
Inscr. Bust of Con- stans n, with long beard and mous- tache, and smaller bust of Constantine IV, beardless ' ; each facing, wearing palndamentum and cuirass and crown with globus cr. ; between them, small cross.
■DNCONSrANriN
vsccoNsri
■DNCONSrANriN MSCCONSTAN .
•DNCONSrANriN MSCCONSrANr
•DNCO....Nr..HS
ccoNsrANr
•DNCO riNMS
CCONSTAN
■DNCOrSPlNTANr INHSCCONSrA
■ON riNHSC
corn
■DNCONSrAriNHS
ccoNsri
X)NCONSrAr)N4S CCONSTAN
VICTORIA AVCM
Cross potent on three steps ; be- neath, C0N05
At end of inscr., A [C. A. Murray, 1849]
At end of inscr., A
At end of inscr., B [C. A. Murray, 1849]' [PI. ZZX. 17.]
(lA)
At end of inscr., B
[Bank of England gift,
At end of inscr., V [C. A. Murray, 1849]
At end of inscr., A [C. A. Murray, 1849]
At end of inscr., A
(CONOB+)» [C. A. Murray, 1849]
At end of inscr., € [Purchased, 1904]
At end of inscr. S
Date
^ Apparently always beardless ; the bearded head described Journ. itU^ 1904, p. 155, No. 87, 18 really Heraclius Ck)ii8tantine, as the inscription proves. « CONOB+, Journ. int., 1904, p. 154, No. 71. » With CONOBI, Journ. int., 1904, p. 154, No. 76.
260
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No. 47
48
49
50
51 52
Weight
53
67^
(pierced)
68-8 68.2 67.8
67.5 68-6
67.
Metal and Sue
N .75
AT .8
JJ .8
N .8
JJ .75
Al .8
JJ .85
Obvene
■DNCON....riNHS CCONSTAI
"DNCONSrANriN HSCCONSTANn
■ONCONSrAN ri NHSCCONSrANr .
"ONCONSrANr NHSCCONSTAN
riN
[PI. XXX. 18, o6t'.]
R>NCONS?irA n HSCCONStA
"ONCONSTAN &c. (partly obscure)
At end of inscr., S [Royal Collection]
At end of inscr., S [Purchased, 1904]
At end of inscr., H [C. A. Murray, 1849]
At end of inscr. 6 [Purchased, 1904]
Jhtt
riA) Ate
t end of inscr., I [C. A. Murray, 1849]
(lA)
At end of inscr., I [C. A. Murray, 1849]
A.D. 659-668 (Two busts and two figures)
Inscr. * Bust of Con- stans n, with long beard and mous- taclie, and smaller bust of Constantine IV, beardless; each lacing and wearing ]>aludamentum and cuirass ; between them, small cross. Constans wears hel- met with globus cr. ; Constantine wears crown with globus cr.
"ONCONS riN-
(=S)
VICTORIA A V^M
Cross potent on three steps; on L, Heraclius ; on r., shorter figure of Tiberius; each is beardless, stands fiEtcing, wears long robes and crown withcross and holds in r. globus cr. ; beneath, CO NOB
At end of inscr., A ' (AV^M) [Purchased, 1904] |
' A gpreat number of variations in the legend occur : see SToronos in Journ. i^ 1904, p. 156 (Athens finds). The date of the earliest issue of coins of this clatf u not earlier than A. d. 659, when Heraclius and Tiberius became Caesars : possibly it n^ be later than 659, because somewhat similar JE coins (PI. XXXII. 18; obv. Constans Uun Constantine lY standing facing, rev. Heraclius and Tiberius standing on 1. and r. of Mi above, cross) appear to be dated year * 25 *, i. e. A-d. 665/6.
CONSTANS n, ETC.- CONSTANTINOPLE— SOLTOUS 261
Weight
69.
67.5
65.5 68.9
69.
67.4 67-5 68.1
69.
661
68.5
Metal and Size
N .8
M .85
N .8
N .8
N .8
N .75
N .75
N -8
N .8
N .8
jV .75
Obverse
"DNCONSr ANMS CO
. AN (doable-strack)
HN- n .. AN
■DNCONS rN»
"ONC AN
[PI. XXX. 20.]
■DNCONST AN
[DNCONS ?]r»
•DNCO* r«
"ON..
Inscr. Busts of Con- staos II and Con- stantine IV, as on No. 53.
T)NCON(S?)A TIN MSAI
Reverse
At end of inscr., T AV^M)
Purchased, 1904] [Fl. XXX. 19.]
(AV [Pur
At end of inscr., A (double-struck) [Purchased, 1904]
At end of inscr., S
At end of inscr., S [de Salis gift]
At end of inscr., H (AVCM) [Royal Collection]
At end of inscr., Bv/» [Purchased, 1904]
At end of inscr. , Tv/* [Purchased, 1904]
At end of inscr., € rCON05e) [Royal Collection]
At end of inscr., 0 (CONOBe) [Purchased, 1904]
At end of inscr., 6 rC0N05T) [Purchased, 1863]
VICTORI A A VSM
Globus surmounted by long cross ; ' on L, Heraclius ; on r., Tiberius, as on No. 53; beneath, CO NOB
At end of inscr., 0+ [Fl. XXX. 21.]
Date
' For other specimens No. 915; Joum. int„ 1904, pp. 157,
of this type see Montagu Cat., No. 1144 ; Ponton D'Amecourt, -", 168.
262
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
Na
65 66
67
68
We^lii.
Metal and Size
69
69.
67.
68. 69.
N .75
N .75
Kl -8
N .8
33.8
N .7
Obrene
Bevene
Circ. A.D. 659-668 (Bast and three figures)
VICTORIA AV^M Bast of Cionstans II, with long beard and moustache, facing; wears paludamen- tam and cuirass, and helmet with plume ; in r., globus or.
(lA) Ate
t end of inscr., 5'
At end of inscr., T (globus cr. in front of helmet)
At end of i
inscr., L^ At end of inscr., S
Three figures standing &cing. In centre, Constantino IV; on r., shorter figure ofHeraclins; onL, diminutive figure of Tiberius. Each is beardless, wears loAg robes and crown with cross and holds in r. globus cr. Beneath, C0N05
[Rollin sale, London, 1853, lot 246]
[PI. XXXI. 1.]
[Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904] [Fl. XXXI. 2.]
Semissis'
"ONCONSrAN ri NHSPPAV Bust of Gonstans II r., beardless ; wears diadem,paludamen- tum and cuirass (rude work).
VICTORIAAV^H
Globus surmounted by cross potent.
At end of inscr., S [de Salis gift]
Date
^ 5 slightly obscure but certain. Sabatier (ii, p. 4, No. 15) describes a epecimen with ofScina ? as being in the British Museum. This is not the case ; possibly he refen to our No. 65, and the 6 may have been mis-read ? (cf. Ret. num., n. s. iv, p. 306 a; PI. IX. c).
* With €, dans le commerce (1905).
' On the attribution to Gonstans II, rather than to Constantine IV, see Svoronos, Jaurn. int., 1904, p. 149 f. Various specimens occurred in the Athens finds, ib., p. 1591 Gomyare also the coins of the Carthage mint, infra.
CONSTANS n, ETC.— CONSTAinDINOPLE— SILVER
263
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse |
Reverse 1 Date |
||
|
70 |
33.7 |
U |
.7 |
[PI. XXXT, 8.] |
At end of inscr., S [Royal CoUection] |
|
|
71 |
34.2 |
N |
.7 |
[PI. XXXI. 4.] |
At end of inscr., S [Rev. G. J. Chester, 1874] |
|
|
72 |
32-8 |
N |
.7 |
("DNCONSrA TIN PSPPAV) |
At end of inscr., S [Purchased, 1904] |
|
|
73 |
33-5 |
N |
.65 |
(H for M) |
At end of inscr., S [Bank of England gift, 1877] |
|
|
Tremissis |
||||||
|
"DNCONSrAN ri NHSPPAV Bust of Constans II r., beardless ; wears diadein,paladamen- tnm and cuirass (rude work). |
VICTORIAAVCH Cross potent; be- neath, CONOB |
|||||
|
74 |
20. |
N |
.65 |
[PI. XXXT. 6.] |
At end of inscr., S [de SaUs gift] |
|
|
75 |
21.4 |
N |
•65 |
[PL XXXT. 6.] |
At end of inscr., S [de Sails gift] |
|
|
76 |
21. |
N |
.65 |
("DNCONSrN TIN HSPPA[V]) |
At end of inscr., S [de Salis gift] |
|
|
77 |
18-5 |
N |
.6 |
(M for H) |
At end of inscr., S [de Salis gift] ' |
|
|
Silver' i |
||||||
|
A.D. 641-646? |
||||||
|
"DNCONSrAN ri NHSPPAVI Bust of Constans n, beard- less, facing; wears crown with globus cr., paludamentum and cuirass; in r., globus cr. |
Cross potent on globe placed on three steps ; on 1. and r., palm-branch. |
|||||
|
78 |
62-2 (pi€reed) |
M |
75 |
[Purchased, 1863] |
[PI. XXXT. 7.] |
^ There are some slight indications that some of these pieces may be of the Carthage and Ravenna mints, bat in the absence of decisive evidence they are all catalogued here under ' Con.stantinople \
264
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
Weight
79
1015
Metal and Size
Obverse
Bevene
M -9
80
81 82
83
84
104-8
96.7 98.
81.2
79-6
M 105
M 1.15 JR -95
M .86
M .8
85
103-8
•DNCONSrAN ri NMSPPAVI Bust of Gonstans 11, beard- less, facing, as on No. 78.
T)€MSA"OIMrAR.Om AN IS Cross potent
on globe placed on
three steps.
[PI. TXXT. 8.]
Date
Circ. A.D. G46P-651?
M .95
•DNCONSTAN Tl NHSPPAVI Bust of Constans 11, with dose beard, facing ; wears crown with globus cr., palu- damentnm and cuirass; in r., globus cr.
(AV) [Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904]
fBorreU sale, 1852, lot 985]
(M for N ; H for M ; AV for AVI) (beard somewhat longer thanonNo8.80-^).
(..CONHAN riNH
OAAV?) (beard
somewhat longer
than onNos. 80^2).
•D€MSAT)IMrAROm AN IS Cross potent
on globe placed on
three steps.
.0.]
[H.
(Double-struck or re- struck)
(M for N) [Purchased, 1867] [PL XXXI. lOj
OA for N) [Purcliased, 1904]
A.D. 664-659
Inscr. Bust of Con- stans n Ton 1. ), with moustacne and long beard, and shorter bust of Constantine IV (on r. ), beardless. Between them, cross. Each facing, and wearing crown with globus cr., paludamentum and cuirass.
•ONCONSrANriN HSCCONSrNArsic.
■D6MSAT)IMrAR0m AMIS Cross potent
on globe placed on
three steps.
[Purchased, 1904] [PI, XXXI. U.]
CONSTANS II, ETC.— CONSTANTINOPLE— SILVER
265
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obvene |
Reverse |
Date |
|
86 |
102.5 |
M -85 |
.NCON MSCC ONSTAN |
TBorreU sale, 1862, lot 987] |
|
|
87 |
82.7 |
M .8 |
"ONCONSTA TIN |
(Form of A varies) In field r., 5 |
|
|
MSCCONSTANr |
|||||
|
[de Salis gift] |
|||||
|
SS |
62.2 |
M .85 |
..CON...NriNMS |
In field r., C |
|
|
(worn) |
°C Circ. A. Inscr. Bust of Con- |
[de Salis gift] D. 669? Cross potent on globe placed on three |
|||
|
staiisn(onL), with |
|||||
|
moastache and |
steps; on 1. and r.. |
||||
|
long beard, and |
palm-branch. |
||||
|
shorter bust of |
|||||
|
Constantine IV (on r.), beardless. Be- |
|||||
|
tween them, cross. |
|||||
|
Each facing and |
|||||
|
wearing paluda- |
|||||
|
mentum and |
|||||
|
cuirass. Constans |
|||||
|
n wears helmet |
|||||
|
with globus cr. ; his |
|||||
|
son wears crown |
|||||
|
with globus cr. |
|||||
|
«9 |
67.4 |
M .85 |
"DNC C A.D. 6, Inscr. Bust of Con- stans II, with mous- tache and long beard, and shorter bust of Constantine lY, beardless, each facing; all as No. 89. |
[de Salis gift] [PL XXXT. 12.] 59-668 "D€HSA"DmrAROm AN IS Cross potent on three steps; on L,Heraclius; onr., shorter figure of Tiberius ; each is beardless, stands facing, wears long robes and crown with cross and holds in r. globus cr. |
|
|
SO |
97.2 |
Al .85 |
"DNNCC- Ari.C C.-? |
Beneath, 6 [Purchased, 1867] [PI. XXXT. 13.] |
M m
266
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
91
92
Weight
105.5 103.
Metal and
Size
M .8 M -9
93
94
75.2
87.
95
iE .8
M .8
86.2
M 105
Obveree
Rarene
AH
AN
inP€R COhS^ (Im- perator Constanti- nua). Bast of Constans II, beard- less, facing; weats crown with cross and paladamentum and cairass; in r., globus or.
[Campana sale, 1846, lot 1188]
[de Sails gift]
M
A.D. 643/4 (Bust, beardless)
M on 1., A N A
inex., N€OH; above, cross. *
Date
(lhP€)
On r., II ; beneath, A
I
(Restruck ?)
[de Sails gift]
On r., II ; beneath, A
I
(Restruck on a coin of Constans DL with cbv. beardless figure standing, rev. Ill (the next type here described) : on o6t\, traces
of A N and [11). N € A O .
3= 643/4
3=
643 4
[Lynch, 1856]
On r., II ; beneath, f I
(Restruck)
3= 6434
^ If Sab., i, p. 298. No. 15 ; PL 32, 18 is to be trasied there are coins with a similv odr., but inscribed on the 9109. AN N O III CON. Gf. the coins, i n/hx, of Constans II of Sicily, inscribed SC^ The word ANAN60 (which rather seems to have been suggested by the familiar ANNO that had so long appeared on the M coins) it followed by C| or (/> , or S or SS> these signs being either (as Warren has suggested, N, C.» 1861, p. 51 n), equivalent to Z, or ZIZ, or marking an abbreviation (so S or S, in IN/i^ — iVdticrt«yoff, cp. Byz, Zeit, 1905, p. 12). We have thus the word opaptmaa^ ' renewal \ * restoration \ Warren (loc. cit., p. 48) compares it with such imperial coin- Icw^ends as Fel. temp. fepartUio and Restituior ofins. The word has also the meanins of renovation in a religious sense as avaviwris Korh Bt6¥ (Athan. ii. 245 a). This legena was first introduced by Constans 11 and not by Heraclius as sometimes stated (e. g. hj de Saulcy, Essai, p. 61).
CONSTANS n— CONSTANTINOPLE— M
267
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obveise |
Reverse |
Date |
|
96 |
89-5 |
JE 1. |
On r., II ; beneath, T |
3= 643/4 |
|
|
(Restruck on a portion of a large M coin (of Justinian I ?) ; on obv., the central part |
|||||
|
of the M and, beneath it, L are visible).' |
|||||
|
97 |
84.2 |
JB 1. |
[de Salis gift] On r., 1 ; beneath, T II (Restruck) |
3= 643/4 |
|
|
98 |
84. |
JE 1.05 |
[Purcliased, 1904] |
Onr., II ; beneath, L |
3= 643/4 |
|
1 (Restruck?) |
|||||
|
99 |
79.8 |
M .9 |
[de Salis gift] |
On r,, [II]; beneath, € [Fl. XXSI. 14.] |
3= 643/4 |
|
100 |
68- |
^ .95 |
[Cyprus find'] |
Onr., 11; beneath, ? countermark JS ' |
3= 643/4 |
^ The flans of the bronze coins in this reign are extraordinarily irregular. In some cases large coins of the sixth centunr seem to have been cut up veiy carelessly, with scissors, into two or three pieces and each piece to have been employed as a flan on which to strike the types of Gonstans 11.
^ This coin and other coins of Gonstans II marked as 'Gyprus find* were presented to the British Museum by Gount de Salis. They formed part of a hoard of 512 Byzantine bronze coins of Gonstans II and his sons, discovered in Gyprus in 1858, and purchased at the time by the Hon. J. L. Warren (afterwards Lord De Tabley), who gave an interesting account of the hoard in the Num. Chfvn.j 1861, p. 42 fl*. All these pieces bear a circular
countermark containing the monogram vD or ^ L e. the name ' Gonstantinus '. This
monogram is found on the coins of Gonstans II (e. g., PI. XXXIY. 13), and also on those of Constantine IV (e.g. PI. XXXVII. 21). It is further found cur a countermark on a coin of Constantine FV, PI. XXXVII. 2. It therefore seems likely that it was Gonstantine IV, rather than Gonstans II who countermarked the coins of the Gyprus hoard. Since, however, this is not quite certain, and as it is practically certain that the coins were originally issued by Gonstans II, I have described them under Gonstans II. Mr. Warren was inclined to think that the pieces in this hoard were struck in Gyprus itself, but it seems to me much more likely that they were the product of the Gonstantinople mint : some are inscribed CON, and others KUJNCTAN) which latter I take to be the mint * Constantinople * and not (as has been su^ested) the mint ' Gonstantia * in Gyprus, or the name of * Gonstans 11 '. Three coins m the hoard were inscribed with the name of the Gyprus mint, year 15 ?. Warren supposed that these were struck in a.d. 668/9 (Constantine IV). I have suggested, auptxt, p. 223, that they were issued under Heraclius and countermarked by Gonstans II (or Gonstantine IV ?).
[I have seen a coin (brought to Brit. Mus., April, 1906) similar to the Gyprus hoard pieces, but not countermarked, which was stated to have been obtained from Bethlehem.]
^ In Brit. Mus. are two coins of the type of No. 93, &c., but of neat fabric and with the legends on obv. blundered:— UJTOU COhB; rev, legend blundered : in ex., CON. I am inclined to think that these are early Arab coinages of Syria.
268
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
101 102
103
Weight
51.8 1474
85.
Metal and Size
M .8 M .9
M .85
Obverse
Reverse
Circ. A.D. 641-651 (Standing figure, beardless)
€NT5T O Nl KA»
Constans 11, beard- less, standing facing, holding in r. long cross, in 1. globus cr. ; wears crown with cross and long robes.
[Purchased, 1904]
(€NT»TO N I KA)
1 1 1 on 1., A ; on r., N
N A
above, cross.
€
O
In ex., AI\/% ^
In ex., BIS [Purchased, 1904] [PI. XXXI. 16.]
In ex., BIS
Date
^ The chy. type and lejp^end were first introduced by Heraclius, at Carthage, but there is nothing distinctively African aboat this series, which may be conveniently assigned to Constantinople. The earliest coins of this cla«s must have been issued not later (and probably earlier) than the third year of Constans II, because a specimen of the foU-face type (supra. No. 94), dated year * 3 * is restruck on one of these coins. The series must mive come to an end in the eleventh year (» ▲.D. 651/2) when somewhat similar coins (with the Emperor bearded) were issued.
* The (/> belongs to AN AN€0 : see note 1, p. 266, eupra. The numerals in the exergue of this series are curious. Al, Bl, fl might be the dates 11, 12, 13, bat All, Bll, ni, seem impossible dates. We may say, therefore, with confidence that I does not represent fen, but simply the numeral one. If we add the numerals in each series together, we have the folio vring results:—
Al = 2
Bl»=3 All»3
ri=4 Bll=4
ril=5
^11 - 8 Zillll « 8 and Mf (5 + 8) » 8.
Slll«9 €1111=9
C<AI = 11? (i.e. 6 + 4 + 1)
If these are really dates they are doubtless regnal years, stopping short in year eleven when (as alreadjr stated) a new type was undouotedly introduced.
An alternative theory would be to suppose that the first numeral in the ezerg^ indicates the offieina, while the following numerals indicate the date (thus, BII=Year II of officina B). We should thus have : —
Year I of oflicinae A, B, f „ II „ „ A,B,r,^(6) „ III n „ M(5),^
„ IV „ „ A,€
The main objections to this latter theory are (1) that (on the supposition iliai the Brit. Mus. collection is fairly representative) it provides coinages for four years only, (2) that it does not account for the ezeigue C^/il.
CONSTANS n— CONSTANTINOPLE— M
269
Weight
66-6
49.
55.2
82.5 90-2
68.5
48-2
67-2
71.
745
61.
574 65.8
Metal and Size
M .85
JB .8
M .85
M .9
M .85
JE .85
M -85
.dS ■(/
JE -9
M .7
^ .8
Obverse
(€NTBTO N I KA)
(€NTJ. ONIKA)
(6NTBTO Nl K A)
[de Salis gift J (6NT8TO Sec.)
(Ends ONIKA) [de Salis gift]
[Marsden gift, 1834]
Reverse
|
70- |
J& |
.85 1 |
|
79.2 |
M |
•9 |
|
59. |
M |
.8 |
In ex., BIS
[de Salis gift]
Inex., AII[S?] [Purchased, 1904]
In ex., nS [Purchased, 1904]
In ex., nS
In ex., BII[X?] [Purchased, 1904]
Inex.,rilC
In ex., ^[11?]**
Restruck on a coin of the fuU-fiice type, like No. 93, supra ; on rev., remains of bust,
globus or. and legend Ih I^S"^; on
obv., A
N
A
[6NT8TO] N IK A [Purchased, 1904]
[€NT8TO] N I KA
[Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904]
(Inscr. obscure)
countermark, JS [Cyprus find]
(€NToATO Nl KA)
[Purchased, 1904] [Fi. yyyr. i7.]
[Purchased, 1904]
(Inscr. partly obscure)
Inex.,[S?]IISS
In ex., . . ISS
In ex., AIIIlM
In ex., tir
[PL XTKT. 16.]
(Inscr. obscure) inex., [M?]T
Date
(V N X €
V[0]) inex., SIII[S?]
In ex., €III|M
Inex.,€imM
Inex.,[€?limS (Inscr. blundered)
270
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse |
Reverse |
Date |
|
|
120 |
65-5 |
JE |
.95 |
[Cyprus find] |
Inex.,[€llll?]H countermark [vt] |
|
|
121 |
75. |
-s: |
.9 |
(Ends ONIKA) [Purchased, 1904] |
In ex., C^AI |
|
|
122 |
87. |
JE |
•85 |
(Inscr. as 121) [Purclia8ed/l904] |
In ex., <l,L\ |
|
|
123 |
61-6 |
M |
.85 |
[CjT)rus find] |
Inex. P; countermark (Exergue confused) |
|
|
124 |
82.6 |
M |
.95 |
|||
|
(Restruck on M Constantinople coin of |
||||||
|
Heraclius and Heraclius Constantine, like PL |
||||||
|
XXIV. 7, with obv. two figures stauding facing. |
||||||
|
On rev.y traces of standing figure, (on r.), of |
||||||
|
Heraclius Constantine ; on obv,, remains of M |
||||||
|
above which the monogram of Heraclius). |
||||||
|
126 |
54- |
JE |
.75 |
(TuRcr. not visible) (Ex. confused) [Cyprus find] countermark, J ' (Restruck ?) A.D. 651/2-655/6 (Standing figure, bearded ; wearing long robes) |
||
|
€NT5T O NIKA |
M on 1., A ; on r., N |
|||||
|
Constans H, with |
N € |
|||||
|
long beard, stand- |
A O |
|||||
|
ing facing, holding |
above, cross (oft^n |
|||||
|
in r. long cross, in |
not visible or doubt- |
|||||
|
1. globus cr. ; wears |
ful). |
|||||
|
crown with cross |
||||||
|
and long robes. |
||||||
|
126 |
87.7 |
M |
.9 |
(Ends ON IKA) [Purchased, 1904] |
Beneath, A |
11 = |
|
in ex., lA^ |
651/^ |
|||||
|
(Rest |
ruck) |
' There are also in the British Museum several other coins of the same t^pes as the above, bnt with the legends blundered either on obv. or rev. or on both sides. Possibly they are Syrian imitations. E.g. (1) rev. legend blundered and with K(?)l 1 1 in ex. ; (2) rev. with CNK in ex. ; (3) »w. O O ; (4) rev. with CTTAq in ex.;
(5) rev.
N N O
in ex, TA ; (6) rev. J ♦in ex, H A O O
O 3 AOAO
ir? (7) <*p. 3
Oj rev.O M?
T A € X
in ex. All?
CONSTANS n— CONSTANTINOPLE— M
271
|
Weight |
Metal and Sise |
|
725 |
JE .85 |
|
61-8 |
M .9 |
|
54.6 |
JE .75 |
|
84-5 |
M .8 |
|
62-1 |
JE .75 |
|
84-5 |
JE .8 |
|
60.2 |
JE .9 |
|
58.4 |
JE .75 |
|
60.1 |
-E .7 |
|
70.2 |
JE .8 |
|
49. |
^ .8 |
|
63.2 |
JE .8 |
Obverse
[Cyprus find]
(EndsOMIK^ [Cyprus nnd]
[Purchased, 1904]
[Cyprus find]
(Inscr. ends 01^1 K
[A])
[Cyprus find]
(l/l for N)
[Cyprus find]
(l/l for N)
[Cyprus find]
[Cyprus find]
(ONI &c.) [Purchased, 1904]
(Ends >| A)
[Cyprus find]
[PI, XXXI. 19.]
[Cyprus find]
Reverie
Beneath, A in ex., lA^ countermark, Ju
Beneath, A in ex., lA*^ countermark, Ju
Beneath, B in ex., IA[*^]
Beneath, B in ex., lA** countermark, JS
Beneath, T [inex., IA?M]
countermark, JS [Fl. XXXI. 18.]
Beneath, A in ex., lA*^ countermark, JS
Beneath, L in ex., lA*^ countermark, Ju
Beneath, € in ex., lA^ countermark, JCr
Beneath, € [in ex., I AM?]
Beneath, L in ex., XI |M countermark, JS
Beneath, A in ex., XII |H
(above, star).
Beneath, A inex.,Xlll[H]
(above, star) ;
countermark, JCr
Date
11 =
651/2
11 = 651/2
11=
651/2
11= 651/2
11?= 651/2
11= 651/2
11= 651/2
11= 651/2
11?= 651/2
12= 652/3
13= 653/4
:i3=
653/4
272
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
|
139 |
48-7 |
M .85 |
|
140 |
40-8 |
M .85 |
|
141 |
49.2 |
M .65 |
|
142 |
57.5 |
M -9 |
|
143 |
75.7 |
M .85 |
|
144 |
44.6 |
M .85 |
|
145 |
47-4 |
M -85 |
|
146 |
74.5 |
M .95 |
|
147 |
57.3 |
M .75 |
|
148 |
45.7 |
M .8 |
Obverse
[Cyprus find]
(M for N)
[Cyprus find]
(Inscr. obscure) [Purchased, 1904] (Restruck)
[Cyprus find]
[Cyprus find]
Reverse
Date
Beneath, B inex.,[X]ll|H
(above, star) ; countermark, JS
Beneath, B in ex., XI 11^ (above, star) ;
countermatk, JS
Beneath, B inex.,[X]lll[H] (above, star).
Beneath, L in ex., XI 11^ [above, star] ;
countermark, J
Beneath, L inex., XI[II]H (above, ster) ; countermark, uS (Restruck)
(Ends ONI..) [Cyprus find]
[Purchased, 1904]
Beneath, € in ex., XI 11^ (above, star) ;
countermark, JS
Beneath, € inex., X[III][H] (above, star). (Restruck)
[Cyprus find]
[Cyprus find]
[Cyprus find]
Beneath, ? inex.,Xlll[M] (above, star) ;
countermark, J
Beneath, B inex., XIII |M
[above, star] ;
countermark, JS
Beneath, L inex.,XllllM (above, star) ; countermark, jL
13= 653/4
13= 653/4
13= 663/4
13= 653/4
13= 653/4
13= 653/4
13= 653/4
13= 653/4
14= 654/5
14 =
654/5
CONSTANS II— CONSTANTINOPLE— M
273
No. I Weight
434
51-8
39-5
45-3
45.5
37.7
43-2
52.
Metal and Size
M .7
^ .75
M .8
M -8
M -75
M .7
M .8
-^ -O
Obverse
[Purchased, 1904]
(Ends ONI KA) [de Salis gift]
[Cyprus find]
[Cyprus find]
[Cyprus find] (Restruck)
[Presented by Mr. Rohde Hawkins, 1848]
Reverse
Beneath, A inex.,XllllM
(above, star).
Beneatl), A in ex., X^^ [above, star].
Beneath, B in ex., XM^ (above, star) ;
countermark, JS
Beneatli, B in ex., XP*^ (above, star) ;
countermark, JS
Beneath, A in ex., XU*^ [above, star] ;
countermark, [JS]
Beneath, € in ex., XU*^ (above, star).
A. D. 665/6 (Standing figure, bearded ; wearing cuirass)
6NT5T ONIKA Constans IE, with long beard, stand- ing facing, holding in r., long cross ; in 1., globus cr. ; wears crown witli cross and cuirass.
[Cyprus find]
M on L, A N N O
above, K in ex., CON
On r., Xg beneath, A ?
[Onr., Xg?l beneath, A [in ex., CON]
countermark, JS
Date
14 = 654/5
15= 655/6
15= 655/6
15= 655/6
15=
655/6
15= 655/6
15= 655/6
15= 655/G
(Restruck)
N n
274
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
157
Wei^t
42-4
158
159
160
161
162
Metal and Size
M -75
sae
M -85
327
M .95
39.
52.2
41.2
M .8
M lb
M .9
Obveree
[Cyprus find]
ReTene
On r., Xg beneath, A /A
/ft l\
In nI ^ oco '
countermark, JS
(Restruck, probably on a coin of Constans 11 similar to Nos. 101 ff. ; on obv.^ remains of iTl).
[Cyprus find]
Countermark, JS [Cyprus find]
On r., XH beneath, A ? [in ex., CON ?]
countermark, JIS
On r., XM beneath, B
Date
15= 655/6
15=
655/6
15= 655/6
(Restruck apparently on M coin of Con- stans II similar to Nos. 93-100, supra \ on rev.^ remains of beardless bust facing in crown with cross).
[Cyprus find] [PI. XXXI. 20.]
[Cyprus find]
(Inscr. =
•=i>
(Emperor in long ] robes)
On r., XH beneath, T ?
countermark, cL
On r., XH beneath, €
countermark, JlS
(On 1., A ; on r., N N €
N
(above, cross) ;
beneath, 9
(in ex., CONH)
[PI. XXXII. 1.]
15= 655/6
15= 655/6
(Neatly struck, but perhaps not of an I Imperial mint, ? an early Arab imitation).
CONSTANS n— CONSTANTINOPLE- M
275
Weight
63-7 574
64.7 651
47-8
604
61.
48.
Metal and Size
M -85 M .75
M .75
M 1.
M .75
M .8
M .9
M .75
Obverse
Reverse
Date
A. D. 655/6-656/7
(Standing figure, bearded ; on rev. KUJNCTAN)
6NT6T ONIKA Constans 11, with long beard, stand- ing facing, holding in r., long cix)ss ; in 1., globus cr. ; wears crown with cross and long robes.
[de Salis gift]
[Cyprus find]
M
on 1., K ; onr., C
UJ T
N A
N
above, star.
Beneath, A in ex., XM
Beneath, A in ex., XH
countermark, [ JS]
[Cyprus find] Beneath, A ?
in ex., X[H]
countermark, JS
(Restruck)
[Cyprus find] Beneath, B
; inex., [XH?]
countermark, [ JS]
(Restruck; ? on a Carthage K coin of Heraclius (cp. Nos. 349-353, mpi^d) ; on rev,. TOINKA(»zc) visible).
15=
655/6
15= 655/6
15=
655/6
[15?]
Countermark, JS [Cyprus find] (Restruck)
Countermark, JS [Cyprus find] (Restruck)
Countermark, JS [Cyprus find]
Beneath, f in ex., XH
Beneath, A in ex., XH
Beneath, € in ex., XH
(Restruck)
[Cyprus find] (Restruck)
; Beneath, € I in ex., XH
countermark, JS
15= 655/6
15= 655/6
15= 655/6
15=
655/6
276
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
Weight
Metal and | Size
Obverse
Reverse
171 I 38.3 ^ JE .85 I Countermark, 3
[Cyprus find]
172
173
174
175
17G
46.7
Beneath, A in ex., X^
(Restruck)
M .8 [Cyprus find]
448 i ^ -85 I [Cyprus find]
46.6 ^ M .75 ! (Ends ON IKA) ! [de Salis gift]
[PI. xxxn. 2.]
48-8 : JE h
49.
JE .85
177 65.7 JE .9
178
179
44.5
42.3
JE .85
^ .86
[Cyprus find]
[Purcliased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. XXXII. 8.]
Beneath, B in ex., X^
countermark, JS
Beneath, B in ex., [X^ ?]
countermark, JS
Beneath, f in ex., X^
Beneath, A in ex., X^
countermark, JS
Beneath, A in ex., X»
Beneath, A in ex., ?
Date
16 = 656/7
16= 656/7
16?= 656/7
16= 656/7
16= 656.7
15orl6
' 15orl6
(Kestruck on portion of a coin (? Maurice Tiberius, of Antioch); on rev.^ remains of Emperor's consular di-ess ; on obv.^ X=date).
(6NT8TO fNIKA]) | Beneath, f ; in ex., .^ [Cyprus find] i countermark, 3
(Restruck ; on oiw,^ remains of M)
A
[Cyprus find]
(Restruck ; on rev.^ remains of M)
Beneath, f ; in ex^? ; countermark, [JS]
15orl6
16orl6
CONSTANS n, ETC. - CONSTANTINOPLE— M
277
No I Weight
Metal and
Size
Obverse
Reverse
332
JE .8
87.
52.
54.8
^ .8
M .85
JE .75
J^fore circ. a.d. 651/2? (Bust, bearded)
[IhPeRPjrcphfr-? , M on 1., A
Bust of Constans II, with short beard, I facing ; wears palu- ' damentum and | cuii-ass ; in r. , globus ' cr.
N A
on r., N
€
O above, cross.
[Cyprus find] * Beneath, ? ; in ex., ? ;
'- * ' 'J countermark, JS
(Restruck)
A.D. 655/ft-656/7 (Two stixnding figures on obv.)
Constans n, with long M on 1., A beard, and Con- N
stantine IV (on r.), N
beardless, standing O
facing; between above, K them, cross. Each in ex., CON wears crown with cross. Constans wears cuirass and holds in r. long cross ; his son wears long robes and holds in r. globus cr.
[Cyprus find] Beneath, B ; on r., X
countermark, JS (Restruck, on a portion of a larger coin)
[Cyprus find]
[PI. xxxn. 6.]
[Cyprus find]
Beneath, B ; on r., X
countermark, J
Beneath, f ; on r., X H
countermark, JS
Date
15= 655/6
15= 655/6
15= 655/6
This coin is poorly preserved ; cf. Warren in N. C, 1861, p. 50, No. 1.
278
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No. 184
185
18G
Weight
434
66-4
45-3
187
188
189
190
47.
46-6
51-7
47.
191
42.
192
48.1
Metal and { Size I
Obrene
Bevene
Date
M .76 [Cyprus lind]
' Beneath, T ; on r., X 15=
M 655. ()
coontennark, vD
M .8
M .7
M .85
M -9
M .9
M .85
[CjT)ras find] , Beneath, A; on r., X 15=
M 1655/6
countermark, JS
I I
[Cyprus find] ' Beneath, A; on r., X ■ 15=
H I 655/6
countermark, JS
(Bestruck ; on rev., X visible)
[Cyprus find] iieneath, B ; on r., X
SI
countermark, JS
[Cyprus find]
Beneath, ? ; on r., X Ml
countermark, X
M .85
M .85
[Cyprus find] ' Beneath, ? ; on r., X I Ml
I countermark, JS
(Constantine holds ' (Above, J) long cross in r.) on r., X (=XPI ?)
[Purchased, 1904] II
[PI. xxxn. 6.] I
i beneath, M
I (in ex., K[ON ?])
(Perhaps not struck at an Imperial mint)
[Cyprus find] ' Beneath, f? on r., X
I countermark, US
Countermark, J j Beneath, A ; on r., X [Cyprus find] ; M I
1
(Kestruck ; on rev., X)
16= 656/7
16= 656/7
16= 656/7
17=
657/8
17=
657/8
CONSTANS n, ETC.— CONSTANTINOPLE— M
279
Weight
47.7
0.2
58-8
48.2
40.6
49.4
56.6
Metal and Size
M .8
M .8
M -9
JEl 'OD
JE .85
^
M .9
Obverse
Reverse
Beneath, A ' - r., X
[Cyprus find]
on ;
countermark, vL (Restruck ; on obv.^ X)
[Cyprus find]
Countermark, JS [Cyprus find]
[Cyprus find] [PI. XXXII. 7.]
Countermark, JS [Cyprus find]
Beneath, A ? on r., X HI I
countermark, JIS
Beneath, A ; on r., X HI I
Beneath, A; on r., X HI I
countermark, JS
Beneath, ? ; on r., X I HI
I
(Restruck ; on obi\^ remains of Irl)
Countermai'k, JS [Cyprus find]
Beneath, L; on r., ?
(Restruck, twice ? ; on 061?., heads of two figures facing ; on rev.^ in ex., XH)
A.D. G59/60-663/4
(06r. standing figure. Rev, Three standing figures)
Constans 11, with long beard, standing facing; wears hel- met with plume and cuirass; in r., long cross; 1. hand on hip ; on r., M, above which, cross.
On 1., I
e
beneath M, A
Constantino IV, Hera- clius and Tiberius *, standing facing, each wearing long robes and crown withcross,andhold- ing in r. globus cr. ; in field r., letter (sometimes obscure or off the flan, some- times wanting).
[H. P. Borrell sale, 1852, lot 1080]
Date
17= 657/8
17=
657/8
17= 657/8
17= 657/8
17=
657/8
19= 659/60
' The central figure, sometimes slightly taller than the others, is probably Const antine IV.
280
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No. 200
201
202
204
205
206
207
208
209
Weight
65.9
606
52.7
54.7
53-8
51.
512
584
Metal and Size
M -95
M .9
M -85
M -9
M .9
58.7
80.4
M .8
M 1.
M 1.
M .9
M 1.05
Obverse
OnL, 1
e
beneath M, A On 1., I
e
beneath M, A OnL, I
e
beneath M, A ? On 1., I
e
beneath M, 5 countermark, [JS]
On 1., I
e
beneath M, ? countermark, vD
On L, [I]
e
beneath M, B? Onl.,m
Reverse
beneath M, f countermark, st
On L, [I]
beneath M, T
countermark, Jt (longstaff in r. hand surmounted by glo- bus cr.)
OnL, I
e
beneath M, L On 1., I
e
beneath M, € countermark, JS
On r., A
countermark, JIS [Cyprus find]
On r., A
countermark, Ju [Cyprus find]
On r., L
[de Salis gift]
[Cyprus find]
Onr., €?
[Cyprus find]
Countermark, sJS [Cyprus find] [PI. XXXII. 8.]
On r., r
[Cyprus find]
On r., €
[Cyprus find] [PL xxxn. 9.]
[de Sails gift] [Cyprus find]
CONSTANS n, ETC.- CONSTANTINOPLE— M
281
|
No |
Weight |
Meta Si |
1 and ize |
Obverse |
Reverse |
|
210 |
592 |
•9 |
OnL, 1 e beneath M, C ; |
[Cyprus find] |
|
|
countermark, JS |
|||||
|
211 |
70.4 |
JE |
•85 |
OnL, 1 e beneath M, [€ ?J ; countermark, JS |
[Purchased, 1904] |
|
212 |
583 |
JE |
.9 |
OnL, 1 e beneath M, ? [Cyprus find] |
Onr., A; countermark, JS |
|
Restruck; probably on a coin of Con- stans n similar to No. 155, mpra (pbv., Constans standing facing ; rev., M) ; on rev., €M"nS visible ; on obv., traces of A N N 0 |
|||||
|
213 |
38-5 |
JE |
•8 |
On I, 1 e beneath M, ? ; countermark, JS |
On r., € [Cyprus find] |
|
214 |
33. |
JE |
.8 |
OnL, X X beneath M, A |
Countermark, JS [Cyprus find] |
|
215 |
31-6 |
JE |
•8 |
OnL,X X beneath M, ? ; countermark, JS |
[Cyprus find] |
|
216 |
327 |
JE |
.7 |
Onl.,X X beneath M, ? ; |
[Cyprus find] |
|
countermark, JS |
|||||
|
217 |
29. |
^ |
75 |
OnL, K A beneatli M, A |
Countermark, v& [Cyprus find] |
|
}18 |
35-8 |
JE |
.75 |
On L, K beneath M, € |
Countermark, JS [Cyprus find] |
Date
19= 659/60
19= 659/60
19= 659/60
19= 659/60
20=
660/1
20= 660/1
20= 660/1
21=
661/2
21=
661 /2
o o
282
IBiPERL\L BYZANTINE COINS
|
Mo. |
Weight |
Metol and Siie |
Obrene |
Berene |
D«te |
|
|
219 |
514 |
M |
•8 |
OnL, K A beneath M, ? ; countermark, JS |
[Cyprus find] |
21= 6612 |
|
220 |
34-6 |
M |
.85 |
OnL,X X r beneath M, B |
[Cyprus find] |
23= 663/4 |
|
221 |
34- |
M |
75 |
On L, X rxp-i Lr J beneath M, R. (sic) |
Countermark, X [Cyprus find] |
23= 663/4 |
|
222 |
26. |
M |
.85 |
On 1., X X r beneath M, ? ; countermark, vD |
[Cyprus find] |
23= 663/4 |
|
223 |
37.6 |
M |
8 |
On 1., X X r beneath M, ? ; countermark, JS |
[Cyprus find] |
23= 663/4 |
|
224 |
43-6 |
M |
.75 |
OnL,X X r beneath M, L. |
Countermark, JS [Cyprus find] |
23= 663/4 |
|
225 |
357 |
M |
•85 |
On 1., X X beneath M, C ; countermark, JS |
[Cyprus find] |
23= 663/4 |
|
226 |
37.5 |
M |
.85 |
On 1., X X r beneath M, €; countermark, X |
[Cyprus find] |
23= 663/4 |
|
227 |
36.5 |
M |
75 |
On 1., X X r beneath M, ? ; countermark, vD |
[Cyprus find] |
23= 663/4 |
CONSTANS n, ETC.-CONSTANTINOPLE~M
Weight
66.2 57.
605
72. 28.5
61.7
51.4
73.4
Metal and
Size
M 1.05
M 1.05
M .8
M .9
M -7
M 1.15
M .9
532 M 75
M .9
Obveree
Reverse
On 1., ? ; beneath M, B
i Countermark, oL I [Cyprus find] ! [PL XXXTI. 10.]
i
On L, ? ; , Countermark, JS
beneath M, ? [Cyprus find]
(Restruck)
On L, ? ; beneath M, L
(Restruck)
Countermark, JS [Cyprus find]
On L, ? ; no letter beneath M ;
Onl,?; beneath M, ?
Countermark, JS [Cyprus find]
[H. P. Borrell sale, 1852, lot 1080]
Clrc. A. D. '663/4-665/6 ?» {Obv. Bust. Reo. Three busts)
M above, bust of Constantine IV ; on
Bust of Constans 11, with long beard, facing; wears hel- met (often orna- mented with cross), paludamentum and cuirass; in r., globus cr. ; in field r., K
Countermark, JS
1. , bust of Heraclius; on r., bust of Tibe- rius; each wears drapery and crown with cross,andholds in r. globus cr.
Beneath, A
[Cyprus find] (Restruck)
[Cyprus find]
[de &ilis gift] [Cyprus find]
Beneath, A ; countermark, JS
Beneath, B
Beneath, T ;
countermark, JS
283 Date
^ This series may possibly be as early as a.d. 659, when Heia<iliu8 and Tiberius became Caesars, but probably it succeeded the previous series (No. 199 ff.), which filled the period a.d. 659/60-663/4. (One specimen, No. 252, is restruck on a coin of year 16 (19)==a.d. 659/60.) The present series may have ended in a.d. 665/6 (=year 25) when a new (dated) type appears, described infia.
284
DCPERIAIi BYZANTINE COINS
No. Weight
M«U1 and I Sise
237 62-7 72.
238 239 240
241 242
243
244 245
246 247
248
249
250
67-7 69.4
613 60.5
79.
69.8 65.6 72.5 91.7 55.7
75.2
784
M .9
M .8
M .95
M .8
M h
M .95
M .95 Mh
M 1.
a: 1.
M .95
JE .9
Obverse
251
77.
M .95
[de Sails gift] [Cvpms find]
[pi/xxxn. 11.]
[Cyprus find] [Cyprus find]
Countermark, JS
[H. P. BorreU sale, 1852, lot 1080]
Countermark, JS
Revene
On r., r
Beneath, L ; countermark, JS
Beneath, A ; countermark, [JS]
Beneath, € ; countermark, [X]
Beneath, €
[Cyprus find]
[Cyprus find] [PL zxxn. 12.] (Restruck)
Countermark, JS
[Cyprus find]
Countermark, X
Countermark, X
[Cyprus find]
[Cyprus find]
Countermark, J
[Cyprus find]
[Cyprus find]
Countermark, X
(Restruck)
Countermark, [X] I [Cyprus find]
Restruck on a coin of Constans 11 s^imili^r to No. 12G ff. supra ; on o6t>., remains of standing figure and . N . 5T . . . KA ; on rev,^ A N
[Cyprus find] j Beneath, L ? ;
I countermark, [X] (Restruck on a coin of Constans II similar to No. 126 ff. supra; on o6v., remains of standing figure and . . . 5T .)
Countermark, X I [Cyprus find] (Restruck)
CONSTANS n, ETC.— CONSTANTINOPLE-M
285
No.
252
253
254
255
256
Weight
55-7
66-2
56-8
558
60-2
Metal and Size
M 105
M 1-
M -9
.ali •od
M .85
Obverse
[Cyprus find]
Reverse
Countermark, J
Restruck on coin of Constans U, similar to No. 199, supra ; on obv.^ remains of stand- ing figure wearing helmet and I (year 19)
[Cyprus find]
In ex., O or 6?; countermark, J
Oirc. A. D. 665/6
(06t-. Two standing figures. Rev, Two stand- ing ^ures)
Constans 11 (on 1.), with long beard, and Constantino IV (on r. ), beardless, stand- ing facing. Con- stans wears crown with cross and cuirass, and holds in r. long cross. His son wears crown with cross and long robes and holds in r. globus cr. Above, between them, small cross.
In field r., date?
In field r., X X
[€.?]
In field r., X X €?
M above, cross on steps; on L, Hera- clius standing facing, wearing crown with cross and long robes ; in his r., globus cr. ; on r. , similar stand- ing figure of Ti- berius; in ex., CON'
Beneath M, B ;
countermark, JS [Cyprus find]
(Restruck)
Beneath M, T ;
countermark, [JS]
[Cjrprus find] [PI, XXXII. 18.]
Beneath M, A ;
countermark, JS [Cyprus find]
Date
25?=
665/6
^ Five specimeiiB occurred in the Cyprus find (Warren in N. C^ 1861, p. 53^ No. 11), of which four are now in the British Museum. The fifth specimen— judging from Warren's drawing (loc. cit., PL 11. 5«Sab. ii., p. 6, No. 22; PL 34, 22) bore the date XX€ (25) very clearly.
286
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No. 257
258
259 260
Weight 564
32-2
43-6 40-6
Metal and Size
JE .75
Obveree
In field r., X X €?
countermark, [X]
Reverse
(Details obscure) [Cypros find]
After cirt\ a. d. 659/60
Bust of Constans n, with long beard, facing; bust draped; wears crown with cross and holds in r. globus cr.
JE .75
75
.8
[Cyprus find] [PI. xxxn. 14.]
In field r., N ; countermark, JS (Restruck on a coin of Constans II like No. 199y supra; on o6r., remains of standing figure ; on rev.^ remains on r. of one of the three standing figures.)
In field r., K Countermark, JS
[Cjj,
rus find ; cp. C, 18G1, p. 50, No. 2]
Clrc,
A.l>.
Constans II (on 1.) with long beard, and Constantine IV (on r.), beardless, standing facing. Constans wears crown with cross and cuirass, and holds in r. long cross. Constantine wears crown with cross and longrobes ; in r., globus cr. Between heads, cross.
In field, r., N
Onl.,A.?»;onr.,Nr? N M
N O
beneath, F ?
662/3
K onl., A
N
N
O
above, cross.
Date
665/6
^ The coins of this denomination seem scarce, and the specimesB in the Muaeon are in Tery poor preservation. No. 258 is struck on a coin issued in a.d. ^9/66 or later.
No. 261
262 263 264
Weight
283
CONSTATS II, ETC.— CONSTANTINOPLE— K 287
Date
Metal and Size
M .75
Obverse
I
[H. P. Borrell sale, 1852, lot 1080]
37-5 M .75
44-
24-5
265
M .7
M 7
38.2
266 31
M .75
M .7
[de Sails gift]
[Cyprus find]
Reverse
On r., XX ; beneath, B 11 [Fi. xzxn. 16.]
On r., X^ ; beneath, A II
Onr. , XX • beneath, A ? [II?]
On r., date ? obliter- ated ; beneath, ? ;
conntermark, JS
Constans n(?) and | K on L, A
Constantino IV (?) standing facing. Each wears crown with cross, and long robes, and holds in r. globus cr.
[de Salis gift] [PL xxxn. le.]
[de Salis gift]
N N O
above, cross.*
On r., (1 ; beneath, B
On r., ? ; beneath, A
[ALEXANDRIA]
Some of the more barbarous coins described supra under Heraclius (p. 227) may possibly have been struck at this mint in the early part of the reign of Constans 11, at some time between a. d. 641-646 ; see Introduction, § 2, Heraclius I, Alexandria.
22= 662/3
22= 662/3
22?
» Theee coins appear from size and style to be of the reign of Constans II, but the attribution is difficiUt. Sabatier (ii, p. 3, No. 10; PI. 84, 10) describes a specimen with the date rt, but our No. 265 has clearly ^ =7 ? But in year 7, Constantine IV was not yet associated with Constans as Augustus. Sabatier suggests that the date is reckoned from A.D. 654, when Constantine IV became Augustus.
888
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
Weight
Metal and Size
267 I 68.
ti68 68.5
269
270
67.2
M 45
N .45
N .45
68-3
^f .45
Obverse
Reverse
n. CARTHAGE
Solidus
(i) Thick fabric
Circ. A.D. 641-646?
Inscr. Bust of Con- stans n, beardless, facing ; wears crown with globus cr., palndamentum and cuirass and holds in r. globus cr.
DNCONS TANTI NIP
DNCONS TANTI NP
[Bankof Englandgift,
DNCONS TANTIN (Trefoil for cross on helmet). *
[de Salis gift]
VICTORIA AV^M Cross potent on three steps. In ex., CONOB
At end of inscr., AA rPurchased, 1904] [PI. XXXIL 17j
(VICTOW) At end i of inscr., A[r?]; in field r., 0
(VICTOR ACMAQ in field r., I [PI. XXXII. 18.]
Circ, A.D. 646.?-651
DNCON TANTIN Bust of Constans II, with close beard and whiskers, facing; wears crown Avith cross, paluda- nientum and cui- rass, and holds in r. globus cr.
[H. I. Borrell sale, 1852, lot 868]
VICTO RAC Cross potent on three steps. In ex., CO NOB
Atendof inscr., A[e?] [PI. xxxn. 19.]
CONSTANS II, ETC.— CARTHAGE— THICK SOMDUS 288
No.
271
Weight
Metal and Size
Obverse
Reverse
Circ. A. D. G51/2 and letter
' 5NCON CTANTI
' (sic) Bust of Con-
I stans n, with long
I beard and mous-
1 j tache, facing; wears
I I crown with triple
I ornament, paluda-
I I mentum and cui-
I mss, and holds in
' r. globus cr.
G7.2 AI .45 ' [Purchased, 1849]
VICTOWAA: Cross
potent on three steps ; in ex., CONOB
In field r., P [Fi. xxxn. 20.]
27-2
273
A.D. G54-659
692 I N .45
(Two
DNCO NTA [N]T Bust of Constans H (on L), with long beard and mous- tache, and smaller bust of Constantine rV, beardless, fac- ing; above them, pellet. Each draped and wearing crown with globus cr. ; Constans holds in r. globus cr.
busts)
VICT KAC[B?] Cross potent on three steps ; in ex., CO NOB*
[de Salis gift]
A. D.
[PL xxxn. 21.] 659-668
I
66-7
Al .45
(Four
Inscr. Bust of Con- stans n (on L), with long beard and moustache, and smaller bust of Constantine IV, beardless, feicing ; above them, cross. Each draped and wearing crown with cross ; Constans holds in r. globus cr.
DNCO A
[de Salis gift]
busts)
Cross potent on two steps ; on L, bust of Heraclius ; on r., bust of Tiberius. Both facing, beard- less ; draped and wearing crown with cross.
[PL XXXIII. 1.]
Date
1 Cp. Rev. beige, 1856, p. 193, PL VIl. 2, and FotUoft d'AnUeowi, No. 911, each with P in field r. On our No. 272 there is no letter, but a email hole made accidentally.
890
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
274
275
Weight
66.7
65.8
Metal and Size
N .45
AT
276
277
278
66.5 68.7
65.1
hf .75 M .8
Af .8
(Inscr. off flan except
A)
[Purcliased, 1904]
... OH?
[Blacas, 1867]
On r. of cross., A
(Each holds in r. glo- bus cr.) * [PL xxxm. 2].
Date
Solidus
(ii) Flat fabric'
Clrc. A.D. 641-646?
"DNCONSrAN ri NMSPPAV Bust of Constans II, beard- less, facing; wears crown with globus cr., paludamentum, and cuirass; in r., globus cr. Border of dots.
[Purchased, 1864] [PI. XXXin. 8. J
[de Salis gift]
[PI. xxxm. 4.]
VICTORIA AV^g
Cross potent on three steps; be- neath, CO NOB Border of dots.
At end of inscr., C; in field r., P
At end of inscr., 0 V in field r., I
Circ, A. D. 046-651
T)NC0NSr/>4 ri NVSPPA/ Bust of Constans EE, with short beard and whiskers; wears crown with globus cr., x)aludamentum and cuirass; in r., globus cr. Linear border.
[Royal Collection] [PI. xxxm. 6.]
VICTORIA AVCM
Cross potent on three steps; be- neath, CONOB Linear border.
At end of inscr., 8« ; in field r., I
^ Cp. Montagu Cat^t No. 1146 with P between the busts.
* I nave ventured to assi^ to this mint certain solidi of flat fabric which differ in several respects from the pieces struck at Constantinople. The differences are (i) in the fabric, usually veiy flat; (ii) the somewhat high relief of the inscription on the rtc., and sometimes the substitution of a 7fn«ar border on the rev. for the usual dotted border ; (iii) the peculiar marks of the offlcinae at the end of the in8crii)tion and in the field (with these compare the marks on the semisses and tremisses described infiv).
CONSTANS 11^ ETC.— CARTHAGE— PLAT SOLEDUS
291
No.
279
280
281
282
Weight
66.2
Metal and Size
M 75
68.8
68.7
674
N .8
N .8
N .8
Obverse
(Without ligatures) [Purchased, 1904] [n. xxxm. e.j
ReTerse
At end of inscr., 0^ ; in field r., C
A.D. 651/2-659
X)NCONSrAN ri NMSPPAV Bust of Constans U, with long beard and moustache, facing; wears ci-own with globus cr., palu- damentum and cuirass; in r., glo- bus cr. Linear bor- der.
[Purchased, 1904]
{PI. xxxni. 7.J
VICTORIA AVCM
Cross potent on three steps; be- neath, CONOD Linear border.
At end of inscr., 61 ;
in field r., C
A. D. 654-659 (Two busts)
X)NCONSrANriN MSCONSrANriNM Bust of Constans U, with long beard and moustache, and smaller bust of Con- stantine IV, beard- less; each facing, wearingpaludamen- tum and cuirass and crown with globus cr. ; between them, small cross. Linear border.
[Purchased, 1904] [PL xxxm. 8.J
(X)NCONSrANri ON. [COP] ONrA NriKO)
VICTORIA AVCM Cross potent on three steps; be- neath, CONOB Linear border.
At end of inscr., 01+ ; in field r., A
At end of inscr., 01 ; in field r., C» [de Salis gift]
Date
* Cp. Thomsen, No. 580 with T in field. Another specimen (RoUin) with pellet after fTVk legend ; another (Rollin) with three pellets after rev. legend.
292
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size |
Obverse |
Reverse |
Date |
|
A.D. 659-668 |
|||||
|
(Two |
busts) |
||||
|
"DNCONST CON |
VICTORIA A vgg |
||||
|
Sr N NS Bust of |
Cross potent on ' |
||||
|
Constans II, with |
three steps ; on 1., |
||||
|
long beard and |
Heraclius ; on r.. |
||||
|
moustache, and |
shorter figure of |
||||
|
smaller bust of Con- |
Tiberius; each is |
||||
|
stantlne FV, beard- |
beardless, stands |
||||
|
less, each facing. |
facing, wears long |
||||
|
and wearing palu- |
robes and crown |
||||
|
damentum and cui- |
with cross, and |
||||
|
rass; bet ween them, |
holds in r. globus cr. ; |
||||
|
small cross. Con- |
beneath, CO NOB ' |
||||
|
stans wears helmet |
Linear border. |
||||
|
with globus cr. and |
|||||
|
plume ; Constantine |
|||||
|
wears crown with |
|||||
|
globus cr. ; between |
|||||
|
them, small cross. |
|||||
|
Linear border. |
|||||
|
283 |
69.1 |
M .75 |
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. xxxin. 9.J |
At end of inscr., KL i |
|
|
(=Kr?) |
|||||
|
284 |
65. |
M .75 |
("DNCONS CO.. M) |
At end of inscr., KM* |
|
|
• |
[de Salis gift] » |
||||
|
285 |
67. |
N .85 |
("DNCONSrAN ri NMSCoNSrANN) |
(Ends AVCML*) ' [Blacas, 1867] |
|
|
(Constans wears |
[PI. XXXTTI. 10.] ! |
||||
|
crown with globus |
|||||
|
cr., instead of hel- |
|||||
|
met) |
|||||
|
Sem |
ssis ^ |
||||
|
-DNCONSrAN n |
VICTORIA AVCM |
||||
|
NMSPPAV Bust |
Globus surmounted |
||||
|
of Constans IE r., |
by cross potent. ; |
||||
|
beardless; wears |
Linear border. j |
||||
|
diadem,paludamen- |
' |
||||
|
tum and cuirass. |
1 |
||||
|
Linear border. |
|||||
|
286 |
32.5 |
N .6 |
[Blacas, 1867] |
At end of inscr., C« ; |
|
|
in field r., H |
^ Cp. the semisses and tremisses described aufra, under Constantinople. The fleparation of the two classes was suggested by de Sabs, and the pounds for his divisioB may have been as follows. In the case of the Carthage coins (i) the hair and diadem
CONSTATS n— CARTHAGE— TREJflSSIS
No.
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
Weight
34.
35-
33.
343
22-2
23-2
22.
21.4
Metal and Size
N .7
AT .65
H .6
M .6
U .55
iJ .55
M .55
N .55
Obverse
(A/ for AV)
[de Sails gift] [PI. XZXni. 11.]
(Ends NMPPA/) [Purchased, 1869]
(DNCONSrAi r.. . . PPA)
Bevetse
At end of inscr., 0« ; in field r., I
At end of inscr., ©I ; in field r., C
At end of inscr., ICK; in field r., M
[PI. xxxni. la.]
At end of inscr., • ; in field r., r» [de Salis gift]
Tremissis
T>NCONSrAN n NMSPPA/ Bust of GonstansIIr. ,beard- less ; wears diadem, paludamentum and cuirass. Linear bor- der.
[Purchased, 18641 [PI. ZXXIII. 13.]
[Dr. J. A. S. Grant, 1877'] [PI. xxxm. 14.]
^*7.
de Salis gift]
(V for A/)
[de Salis gift]
VICTORIA AVCM
Cross potent; be- neath, CONOB Linear border.
At end of inscr., C« ; in field r. , f of pecu- liar form.
At end of inscr., 0; in field r., A
At end of inscr., 0 ; in field r., I
At end of inscr., 8» in field r., C
Date
are represented by data ; (ii) the fabric is peculiar ; (iii) there are unusual numerals or letters on the rev^ (cp. the numerals and letters on the solidi of flat &bric described supra, No. 276 ff.) ; (ly) the Carthage coins affect a linear border instead of the usual border of dots. It may be noted that the semisaes and tremisses that occurred in the Athens finds (Svoronos in Joum. int., 1904, p. 148 ff.) were of the Constantinople mint. ^ Purchased with a few Oriental coins, one being of Misr, others of Arabia.
294
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
Weight
22.6
227
212
22-6
8.2
6.4
Metal and Size
N .6
N .65
N .6
N 55
M .55
Obverse
(A ? for A/) [Purchased, 1904]
(EndsTINCISPAV)
[Purchased, 1904]
(AV for A/)
[de Salis gift]
(X)NCNSrAl CON SMPPA)
[Purchased, 1904]
(•ONCONSrM TN S[r ?]HPPA) [de Salis <rift]
Reverse
At end of inscr., Q* ; in field r., 6
(Inscr. continuous ;
A for A
ei
for A^ ; at end, ; in neld r., C
At end of inscr., !• ; in field r.,H'
At end of inscr., • ; in field r., €•
(conob;)
At end of inscr., •; in field r., r« (CONOB V )
Date
Silver A.D. 641-646?
M .45
M .4
DNCONTATINV(?) Bust of Constans U, beardless, facing ; wears crown with cross and paluda- mentumandcuirass. In r., globus cr. Border of dots.
[Purchased, 1862]
Cross potent. Border of dots.
In field, two pellets. [PI. xxxin. 16.]
(End of legend broken ' [Purchased, 1904] - off from the coin) j (crown has globus , cr. ?)
^ A similar Bpecimen, shown at the British Museum in September, 1906, was proconi in the Lipari Islands.
^ lliis type is followed by the silver coin described in Sab. i, p. 296, No. 10 (fii: Bust with short beard, rev. PAX and cross).
CONSTANS II, ETC.— CARTHAGE^M
m
No.
Weight
302 I 105.
303 304
305
1131 94.6
94.3
I 306 ! 79.
307
308
78.2
59-4
Metal and Sise
M M JE
M
.95 .9
•85
.95
JE .9
•75
.8
309 I 51.5 M .8
Obvene
Rerene
M
A.D. 659-668
Constans II, with longf beard, and Constan- tine IV, beardless, standing facing. Above their hea£, cross. Constans wears crown with cross and cuirass, and holds in r. long cross. His son wears crown with cross and long robes. ^
[Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904]
1 M
KT^' on L, Heraclius ; on r. , Tiberius, each standing facing ; beardless; in long I'obes.
Date
[PI. xxxm. 16.]
[de Salis gift] i [Pl, XXXm. 17.]
Restruck ; ? on another coin of Constans n ; on oftr., traces of facing bust and inscr. (ANTINP?)
(Restruck)
[de Salis gift]
[Blacas, 1867]
(Restruck)
[de Salis gift]
(Restnick)
^ To the 1. of Gonstantine is an object that looks like a shield, but which may, perhaps, be only part of bis robes.
* That is, the monogram of Constans II, the mark of value and the mint-place (Kartbago).
296
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
310
311 312 313 314
315
Weight
130-
78. 74-8 83. 49.1
G1.7
Metal and Size
Obverse
M .9
M .75
JE -75
JE .85
JE .75
JE .7
Beveise
Date
xxxx
A.D. 641-646?
Inscr. obscure (? DN CONST ANTINVS PP)^ Bust of Con- stans U, beardless, facing ; wears crown with globus cr. and paludBmentum and cuirass; in r., glo- bus cr.
[de Salis gift]
?\/V /V/\ Cross ; potent; in ex., CRTC
[PI. XXXIII. 18.]
XX
Circ. A.D. 641-646? (Bast, beardless)
Inscr. Bust of Con- /\ 7\ Cross potent ;
., CR.fc
stans U, beardless, jfocing ; wearscrown with globus cr., paludamentum and cuirass; in r., glo- bus cr.
CONSTAN TINVS PPA
CONSTAN TINVS PPAV
DNCONS TANTI IPP
DNCONS TANTI IPP
m ex..
DNCONS [PP?]
TANT
[Purchased, 1904]
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. zxxm. 19. J
[L. Eraser, 1847]
(S^ X)
[L. Fraser, 1847] [L. Frafier, 1847]
* Cp. Sab., i, p. 300, No. 28 ; PI. 33, 4, and see note, mpm, p. 123, under Tiberius D Constantine, 'Carthage*.
CONSTANS n— CARTHAGE— XX
297
No. 316
317
318 319
320
Weight 82.2
63-7 {toom)
74-5 94-2
101.3
3-21
62-1
322
804
Metal and Size
JB .85
M .75
M .85
JE .95
JS .8
JE .85
Obverse
CONSTA NTINVP
Reverse
[Blacas, 1867]
(Restruck) . STAN TIN.... I [Purchased, 1904]
DCONST ANTINVS
CONSTAN TINVS PPA
CONSTAN TINVS PPA
(Two pellets above cross)
[L. Fraser, 1847] [de Sails gift]
(Ilestruck on another coin of the same series : on rev.y part of inscr. and head facing ; on obv.^ remains of cross and X X)
Circ. A.D. 646P-659
(Bust, bearded)
Inscr. Bust of Con- stans n, with short beard, facing; wears crown with triple ornament, and con- sular dress ; in raised r., mappa; in L, globus cr.
C T Cross potent; above, star between two pellets; be- neath, X X
TANTN [Purchased, 1904]
(Restruck on a />/\ coin of Constans 11 similar to No. 311 f . : on rev.^ remains of inscr., TINVSP; on obv.^ remains of CRT and X)
CONS TANTN I [Purchased, 19041 I [Pl. xxxm. 20.]
(Restruck on a /\/\ coin of Constans n similar to No. 311 f. : on o6t\, remains of inscr. CON, PP and globus cr. ; on rev.^ CRT &c.)
Date
^8
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No. 323
Weight
324
325
904
86.7
Metal and Size
M .9
JE -95
58-2
|
326 |
59-7 |
|
327 |
73-7 |
|
328 |
36.7 |
|
329 |
114.4 |
|
330 |
57.5 |
|
331 |
70-3 |
|
332 |
64. |
M -75
JE .8
M .8
Obverse
Bevene
Date
DNCO &c.
(Restruck on a /N^ coin of Constans 11 similar to No. 311 f . : on rev.^ remains of CRTC&c.)
DNCONS &c. . I [de Salis gift]
(Restruck on a ?\^ coin of Constans EL similar to No. 311 f. : on obv.^ traces of inscr. TINVP Ac; on rei\^ remains of CRT^ ;
X&c.)
^ .75
JE .9
^ .75
JE .8
JB .6
CONST ANTPP?
Double-struck. [Purchased, 1904]
CONST ANTINP
(Restruck)
CONS &c.
I
(Restruck on a /\/\ coin of Ck)nstans 11 . similar to No. 311 f. : on rev.^ part of inscr. | DNCON and crown: on obv.^ remains of' CRTC) I
(Inscr. obscure) i [Aschkenasi, of Tunis, '
I 1854] j
(Restruck on a ?\/\ coin of Constans 11 ! similar to No. 311 f. : on rev.^ part of obv, ' inscr. ; on obv.^ CRTQ I
DNCONS &c. j [de Salis gift] I
(Double-struck and restruck) ;
ANTINP I [L. Fnwer, 1847]
(Restruck)
..NS TANTINP
(DNCO?) STAR
[L. Fraser, 1847]
[de Salis gift] [PI. xxxni. ai.]
CONSTANS n, ETC.— CARTHAGE
-XX
299
No.
Weight
Metal and Size
333 334
335
61. 76.8
65.3
336
337
49-4
63.5
338
56.2
M .75 M .8
M .75
M .65
M .75
.£ "O
Obyerse
Reverse
A.D. 659-668 (Four busts)
Inscr. Bust of Con- stans n, with long beard, and shorter bust of Constantine IV, beardless, fac- ing; each wears crown with cross and paludamentum and cuirass; Con- stans holds in r. globus cr. Above, between them, cross.
.... 3T.. (no cross above)
DNCO TA TN-PP
...ANT ...
Bustsof Heraclius and Tiberius, beardless, facing ; each wears crown with cross and has bust draped ; above, between them, cross ; be- neath, XX
[de Salis gift] [PI. XXXIV. 1.]
[Presented by theRev. L. Harding Squire, 1905]
(No cross above ?)
in field r., • •
(Restruck; ? on a coin of Constans II like No. 321 f. ; on rev,^ remains of XX)
DNCO N above)
(no cross
[de Salis gift]
[L. Fraser, 1847]
(Inscr. confused, VT &c.) (no cross above)
(Restruck on a coin of Constans 11 like No. 311 f. ; on rev.^ remains of bust and globus cr. ; on obv.^ remains of cross &c.)
DNCO &c. (figure of Constantine not visible)
(Restruck on a coin of Constans II like No. 321 f. ; on o6w., remains of cross and X X)
Date
300
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
Weight
339
340
341
37.1
53.5
27.2
Metal and Size
Obvene
Reverse
Date
M .6
M .65
M .55
342
33.4
X
A.D. 641-646?
CONT ANTIP Bast of Constans II, beardless, &cing ; >vears crown with cross and paluda- mentum and cui- rass; in r., gflobus cr.
[de Salis gift]
[F. Parkes Weber gift,
(....H TINVPPA)
V V Cross potent.
[n. XXXIV. 2.]
[de Salis gift]
A.D. 659-668
M 55
Bust of Constans 11, with long beard, and shorter bust of Constantine IV, beardless, facing ; each wears crown with cross and palu- damentum and cuirass ; Constans holds in r. globus cr. Above, between them, cross.
[H. P. BorreU sale, 1852, lot 1080]
Bustsof Heraclius and Tiberius, facing; each wears crown with cross and has bust draped ; above, between them, cross, beneath which, X
[PI. XXXIV. 8.]
CONSTANS n— SICILY
-M
301
No.
343 344 345
346 347
348
Weight
83.7 78.5 77-6
55-6 76.2
842
Metal and Size
M .9 M .85 JE 1.
M .85 M 1.
M .9
Obvene
Bevene
in. SICILY'
M
Che. A.D. 641-646?
lhP€K COhSZ; Bust of Gonstans II, beardless, facing ; wears crown with cross and paluda- mentum and cui- rass; in r., globus cr.
[PL XZXIV. 4.]
[Purchased, 1904]
(lhP€ KCOhS^) [PI. XXXIV. 6.]
m on L, A
N
A
on r., N"
O
g
in ex., ^Lii^ Before SC, A Before SC, €
Before SC, f [de Salis gift]
(Restruck) (lhP€ RCOhZTJ)
(ihP€W [COhsr;])
Before SC, f [Purchased, 1904]
Before SC, ?
[de Salis gift]
Give, A.1). 646P-651/2
Bust of Gonstans 11, with short beard, facing ; wears crown with cross and palu- damentum and cuirass; in r., globus cr.
[Purchased, 1904]
M above, Ju
[PI. XXXIV. 6.]
Date
^ The mint-place was, no doubt, either Catina or Syracuse. Specimens of Nos. 343-7 are often found at Syracuse: cp. Spink's Monthly Nutniamatic Circular, 1905, p. 8015.
' With types and legend, cp. the Constantinople coins of Gonstans II, supra, Nos. 93-100, and note to No. 93.
302
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
349
350
Weight
72.6
80-2
351
84.5
352
757
353
50.2
(worn)
Metal and Size
M 1.05
JE 1.
^ 1.
JE h
JE .9
354
66.2
JE 105
Obverse
Reverse
[de Salis gift]
(liestruck on Sicilian coin of Constans U, similar to No. 343 f. mpra : on obv,, remains of inscr. and crown ; on rev.^ SC &c.)
[de Salis gift] | [Pl. XXZTV. 7.]
(Kestrack on Sicilian coin of Constans 11, similar to No. 343 f. : on obv.^ inscr. IhPCKI ; on rev,^ PO &c.)
A.D. 651/2-654
M above, JS beneath, SCL
Bust of Constans II, with long beard, fSacing ; wears crown with globus cr. and paludamentum and cuirass; in r., glo- bus cr.
[PI. XXXiV, 8.]
(Restruck apparently on Sicilian coin of Constans II similar to No. 348 f. supra : on rev.y remains of bust and globus cr.)
[de Salis gift] |
(Restruck, apparently on Sicilian coin of Constans II similar to No. 348 f. supra : on rev,^ remains of inscr. ; on a6t?., remains of monogram above M)
[de Salis gift]
A.D, 652
I I Constans 11, N A with long A beard, stand-
ing facing; wears crown with cross and long robes ; in r., globus cr.
[de Salis gift]
M above, cross ; in ex., SCL
Dak
[PI, XZXIV. 9.]
Ind.a 652
CONSTANS n, ETC.— SICILY— M
No. 355^
366
357
Weight
85.6
74.
63.6
Metal and Size
M 1.
M 1.1
M 1.
358
359
95.3
71.6
360
64.5
M .95
M 1.
M 1.05
Obverse
Reverse
[de Salis gift]
[PI. xxxrv* 10.]
(Restruck) [de Salis gift]
(Restruck) [Purchased, 1904] t
(Restruck on Sicilian coin of Constans 11 similar to No. 351 f. supra : on rev.^ traces of bust and long beard ; on obv.^ monogram above M &c.)
A.D. 654-659 (Two figures)
M above, JS in ex., SCL
Constans n, with long beard, and shorter figure of Constan- tino IV, beardless, standing facing ; Constans wears crown with cross and cuirass, and holds in r. long cross; Constantino IVwearscrownwith crossandlong robes, and holds in r. glo- bus cr.
[de Salis gift]
(Restruck)
[Purchased, 1904] |
(Restruck on Sicilian coin of Constans 11 similar to No. 354 f. sypra : on rev,^ I &c.)
N
[de Salis gift] | [Pi. XXXIV. 11.]
(Restruck on Sicilian coin of Constans 11, similar to No. 354 f. supra : on rev,^ traces of standing: figure ; on obv,. part of M and [SC]L)
Date
Ind.XI
= A.D.
652
Ind.XI
= A.D.
652
IniXI
=:A.D. 652
304
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
361
Weight
362
363 364
365
366
367 368 369
370
757
48.5
654 604
42.6 55.1
60.6 82.7 54.7
244
Metal and Size
M I-
JE .95
M .9
M .95
M .8
M .8
M .7
M .8
M .75
M .95
Obverae
Reverse
Dik
[de Sails gift] [PL XXXIV. 12.]
(Restnick on a Sicilian coin of Constans IL similar to No. 343 f. 9upra : on o6r., traces of obv. inscr. ; on rev.^ N &c.)
€
O
H
A.D. 659-668 (Four figures)
Constans 11, with long beard, and Constan- tino rv, beardless, standing facing. Constans wears crown with cross and cuirass, and holds in r. long cross. Constantine wears crown with cross andlongrobes, and holds in r. glo- bus cr.
(Crown of Constans has globus cr.)
[de Salis gift]
M on 1., Heraclius; ; on r., Tiberius; each beardless, standing | facing, wearing long j robes and crown withcross,andhold- I ing in r. globus cr. ;
above, JS; in ex., SCL 1
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. XXXIV. 18.]
[Purchased, 1904]
(Restruck)
[de Salis gift]
(Crown of Constans has globus cr.)
[Purchased, 1904]
[H. P. Borrell sale, 1852, lot 1080]
[Acquired in 1849]
[PI. XXXIV. 14.]
[Purchased, 1904]
(Struck on rectangular flan)
CONSTANS n— SICILY
-k
305
No.
Metal and i
Obverse
Reverse
A.D. 662?
371
372
373
374
375
88.
615
42.
37.
33.2
JE .85
JE .8
JE .65
M .6
M .65
Bust of Constans 11, with long beard, facing ; wears crown with globus cr. and paludamentum and cuirass ; in 1., cross surmounted by palm?
[de Salis gift] [PL XXXIV, 16.]
JS (i. e. monogram of Constans and mark
of value, K, bined).
Bust of Constans II, with long beard, facing; wears crown with globus cr. and paludamentum and cuirass; in r., glo- bus cr.
[Purchased, 1904]
[de Salis gift]
[Presented by Mr. Felix Slade, 1868]
com-
On 1., A ; on r., I N
I
Date
Yearl
=662?
on 1., A; on r., N* N o
I
[PI.
16.]
[PL XXXIV. 17.]
Yearl =662?
Yearl =662?
Yearl =662?
Yearl = 662?
^ ^ de Salis seems to have assigned this coin and the following coins of the I denomi- nation to the mint of Rome, but it appears to me that an attribution to Sicily is decidedly preferable, for the following reasons, (i) The date ANNO I accompanying the bearded head is a difficulty at Borne, where we have beardless heads on coins dated year 5 ; on the other hand, if the coins are attributed to a Sicilian mint the date can be fairly well explained (as suggested by a writer in Spink^s Monthly Numismatic Circtdar, 1905, p. 8015) as *year 1' of the residence of Constans in Syracuse, i.e. a.d. 662. (ii) The fabric is not so much Roman as Sicilian, i.e. the coins are flat and somewhat thin, and the rev, is scooped out so that the tjpe is in a sort of circular incuse (see these peculiarities on the M coins of Sicily described above, except in the case of the SC pieces), (iii) Specimens of No. 372 have been found at Syracuse (Spink's if. N. C, loo. cit.).
' Gp. Photiades Cat., No. 323, with ANNO A. A similar specimen in an English collection (1905).
R r
106
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
Weight
376
377
68.3
67.6
378
Metal and Size
N .8
AT .8
67.
Obvei'se
Reverse
N .85
IV. ROME
Solidus A.D. 654-659
Inscr. Bust of Con- stans n, with long beard and mous- tache, and smaller bust of Constantino rV, beardless ; each facing, wearing paludimientum and cuirass and crown with globus cr, ; between them,smaU cross. Borderof dots.
"DNCONrANriNI
CONSrANr. {sic)
[PL XXXV. 1.]
"DNCONSrAN ri NMSONSrANr
[PI, XXXV. 2.]
VICTOR.IA A C^
Cross potent on three steps; be- neath, C0N05 Border of dots. ^
Date
(A for A)
At end of inscr., T; j
in field r., X '
[Purchased, 1863]
At end of inscr., H . ; - in field r., -^ [Purchased, 1862] ;
A,D. 659-668
"DNCONSrANri NMSCrCONSrA
NrPPAM Bust of Constans 11, with long beard and moustache, and smaller bust of Con- stantino IV, beard- less, each flawing, and wearing paluda- mentumand cuirass and crown with globus cr. ; between them, small cross. Border of dots.
[Purchased, 1862]
VIC[TO]RI[A A] Vl
5 Ml I
S
Cross potent on I three steps; on 1., Heraclius ; on r., Tiberius; each is beardless, stands facing, wears long robes and crown with cross, and holds in r. globus cr. ; beneath, CO NOB Border of dots.'
[PI. XXXV. 3.]
^ These coins have not the characteristics of the Constantinople, Gartiuge. ^ Rayenna mints. I belieye they may be assigned to Rome ; the types and inscriptiooit^ in somewhat high reUef, and are very rough to the touch (cp. the remaib is ^ ' Introduction \ supra, § 2, * Justinian II, Central and South Italian Coinages.*
' This coin is remarkably neat in detail, as if the work of a gem-engraver. It sees^'
CONSTANS n— ROME— SILVER
No.
379
380
381 382
3&3
Weight
6.2
44
3.7
(dipped)
5.2
Metal and Size
M 4
M -35
M .3
M 45
5.9 JR 4
Obverse
Reverse
Silver Circ. A. D. 651/2 and later
Inscr. Bast of Con- stans II, with long beard^facing; wears crown with cross and cuirass. Border of dots.
oir r o I?
D n ? (Crown has triple ornament ; no cuirass; holds in 1.,
globus cr.)
Bust of Constans II, with short beard; wears [crown with cross] and paluda- mentum and cui- rass. Border of dots.
[Purchased, 1904]
[de Salis gift]
"D loM Bust of Con- stans n, with long beard,facing; wears paludamentum and cuirass; in r., glo- bus cr. Border of dots.
[Purchased, 1867]
K m
beneath, star. Radiate border.
[de Salis gift] [PI. XXXV. 4.]
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. XXXV. 6.]
TK" Border of dots.
[PI. XXXV. e.]
c
K+N Border of dots.
[PI. XXXV. 7.]
Date
to be most conveniently assigned to the mint of Rome : X occurs on one of the tremisses of Constantine lY, assigned, tn/m, to Rome.
> Cp. Sab., i, p. 268 f., Nos. 17 and 19 ; Rev. num., 1857, p. 268.
306
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
No.
Weight
384
385 386
79.
45.2 45-8
387
36.
388
71-3
Metal and Size
-da *5d
JE .65
j£i 'Do
M .6
JS .75
Obverse
Reverse
Date
XX
Cu'c, A.D. 646-651/2
IVCON ... Bust of Constans 11, with short beard, fiEicmg; wears crown with globus cr. and paludamentum and cuirass; in r., glo- bus cr.
(Inscr. obscure^ (thick fabric;
[Purchased, 1904]
(Inscr. off flan)
/\/\ above, cross ;| in ex., ROM |
[Purchased, 1904] [PI. XXXV. 8.]
[de Salis gift]
Ctrc, A, J), 651/2 and later
CON .... Bust of Constans U, with long beard, facing ; wears crown with globus cr. and paludamentum and cuirass; in r., glo- bus cr.
[de Salis gift]
XX
above, cross ; in ex., ROm
[PI. XXXV. 9.]
A.D. 669-668 (Four busts)
Bust of Constans 11, bearded, and bust of Constantino IV, beardless, facing. Above, between tliem, cross. Each wears crown with globus cr. and paludamentum and cuirass.
[de Salis gift]
Busts of Tiberius and Heraclius, beard- less, facing; each wearing crown with globus cr. and paludamentum and cuirass ; between them, cross and X X in ex., ROrn
CONSTANS n— ROME
-X
309
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Size M .8 |
Obverse |
Reverse |
Date |
|
|
389 |
434 |
[de Salis grift] |
[PI. XXXV. 10.] |
|||
|
390 |
55.7 |
M |
.7 |
[de Salis gift] |
||
|
391 |
25.8 |
M |
•55 |
[de Salis gift] |
[PI. XXXV. 11.] |
|
|
K |
||||||
|
A.D. 645/6 |
||||||
|
Inscr. Bust of Con- stan8 n, beardless, * facing j wears crown with globus cr. and paludamentum and cuirass; in r., glo- bus cr. |
K onL, A N N in ex., KOM |
|||||
|
392 |
71.7 |
M |
.6 |
DNCONS T &c. |
On r., *< [Purchased, 1904] |
5= 645/6 |
|
393 |
64.3 |
M |
•6 |
..COT. ..INOVC? |
On r., *< [Blacas, 1867] [PI. XXXV. 12.] |
5= 645/6 |
|
394 |
40. |
M |
.6 |
(Inscr. obscure) |
On r., *< [de Salis gift] |
5= 645/6 |
|
X |
||||||
|
Circ. A. n. G51/2 and later |
||||||
|
Bust of Constans 11, with long beard, facing ; draped ; wears crown with cross ; in r., globus cr. |
/\ above, cross ; beneath, star. ^ |
|||||
|
395 |
18-8 |
M |
5 |
[de Salis gift] [PI. XXXV. 13.] |
On 1., 1 ; on r., N ' |
^ The accuracy of Sabatier's engraving (PI. 33, No. 23), with a beatxled head of year 5 seems open to question.
' If IN stood alone, tbey might be explained as I (ten) Hummia : but we find also IM, Ml and (according to Photiades Cat., No. 324) NLI.
810
IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
|
Na |
Weight |
Metal and Size M 45 |
Obverse |
Reverse |
Dite |
|
|
396 |
21.6 |
[Purchased, 1863] [PI. XZXV. 14, rev.] |
On L, i ; on r., M |
|||
|
897 |
20.3 |
M |
.5 |
[de Salis gift] [PI. XZXV. 15, rev,] |
On 1., M ; on r., 1 |
|
|
V. RAVENNA |
||||||
|
Tremissis |
||||||
|
2NCONSrAN ri NVSPPA[Sf Bust of ConstansIIr.,beard- less, wearing dia- dem, paludamen- tum and cuirass. |
VICTOWAAVCV2T OKV Cross potent ; beneath, CONOB |
|||||
|
898 |
22.8 |
N |
.6 |
[Purchased, 1864] |
[PL XXXV. 16.] |
|
|
Silver |
||||||
|
Inscr. Bust of Con- stansnr.,beardless, wearing diadem, paludamentum and cuirass. Border of dots (rude work). |
C+N 0 Radiate border. |
|||||
|
899 |
5.3 |
M |
4 |
DNCON* STAMP |
[de Salis frift] [PI. XXXV. 17.] |
|
|
400 |
5. |
M |
4 |
NTIPP |
[Purchased, 1867] |
|
|
401 |
5.5 |
M |
4 |
VDNCOTANTI[P?] |
[Purchased, 19041 [PI. XZXV. 18. J |
CONSTANS n, ETC. -RAVENNA
_M
311
|
No. |
Weight |
Metal and Sise |
Obverse |
Reverse |
Date |
|
• |
M |
||||
|
6*/V. A. D |
. 659-668 |
||||
|
Inscr. Bust of Cou- stans n, with long beard, and shorter bust of Constantine IV (on r. ), beardless, facing ; each draped and wearing crown with cross. (Con- stans holds in r., globus cr. ?) Above, between them, |
1 1 1 on 1., Heraclius ; on r., Tiberius; each beardless, standing facing, wearing crown with cross and long robes; Heraclius holds in r., globus cr. (so also Tiberius?); above, star ? ; in ex., KAV |
||||
|
cross. |
|||||
|
402 |
90. (icom) |
M 1. |
(Inscr. obscure) |
[Purchased, 19041' [PI. XXXV. 19.J |
^ This coin was purchased from MM. Rollin and Feuardent, and is perhaj^s the identical specimen described by de Saulcy, Essai, p. 101. He read the obv, inscription
DNCONST For M and K coins attributed to Constans II, Ravenna, see Sab.,
i, p. 300, Nos. 29, 30; p. 301, No. 37 ; p. 302, No. 47,
312 IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINS
COINS OF THE PERIOD OF CONSTANS II NOT STRUCK AT THE
IMPERIAL MINTS.
Probably Italian imitations, Lombard ?, or of Central and Soathem Italy. Solidus, Youthful bust, facing. Rude work ; blundered legend.
Solidus. Long-beard type. Rough work ; in field of rev., r., G
n
Solidus. Long-beard bust and shorter bust, both facing: imitatioes with blundered legends of No. 378.
Solidus. Long-beard bust, fsicing. Rev, Three sons of Constans. TV Emperor wears crown instead of helmet (pale gold).
END OF VOLUME I
PI. I.
>^ ##
ANASTASIUS I. Constantinople.
PI. II.
ANASTASIUS I. Constantinople, nicomedia. antioch.
JUSTINUS I. CONSTANTINOPLE.
PI. III.
JUSTINUS I. CONSTANTINOPLE. THES8ALONICA. NICOMEOIA.
PI. IV.
7 ^
N
10 N
>^Srj^.
^I5a^^
12 >V
13 N
14 >V
AUTOTY»k '
JUSTINUS I. ANTIOCH.
JUSTINUS I. & JUSTINIANUS I. Constantinople, antioch.
JUSTINIANUS I. CONSTANTINOPLE.
' • .1 '^ J V \f^ i^ '..
PI. V.
JUSTINIANUS I. CONSTANTINOPLE.
\
PI. VI.
I -€ 2 /E
®
5 /E 6 /€
10 >€ il >€
12 >€
JUSTINIANUS I. CONSTANTINOPLE. THESSALONICA. NICOMEDIA.
.:. •' V e^t* I
PI. VII.
JUSTINIANUS I. NICOMEDIA. CYZICUS.
PI. VIII.
JUSTINIANUS I. ANTiocH.
PI. IX.
JUSTINIANUS I. ANTiocH.
ALEXANDRIA. CARTHAGE.
PI. X.
M-y^oryrm
JUSTINIANUS I. CABTHAQE. SICILY. ROME. RAVENNA. UNCERTAIN.
T ■-' t' >i :\
PI. XI.
3 /V 4 A/ 5 A/
^y
m^M
JUSTINUS II. CONSTANTINOPLE. THESSALONICA.
■-^
PI. XII.
JUSTINUS II. NICOMEDIA. CYZICUS. ANTIOCH.
i:- . ^lk: lj: . .■^.-.^
PI. XIII.
JUSTINUS II. ALEXANDRIA. CARTHAGE. SICILY. ROME. RAVENNA. TIBERIUS II. CONSTANTINOPLE.
PI. XIV.
TIBERIUS II. CONSTANTINOPLE.
'1
PI. XV.
TIBERIUS II. THESSALONICA. NICOMEOIA. CYZICUS.
^ jwAVrf 1^^ J .1 *^ » I
H « AMI.
PI. XVI.
TIBERIUS II. ANTIOCH. ALEXANDRIA. CARTHAGE. ROME. RAVENNA.
PI. XVII.
MAURICE TIBERIUS. Constantinople.
THESSALONICA.
^ .: ^ ".i;V/ Y: r.^ '
PI. XVIII.
AutoTvrt.
MAURICE TIBERIUS, nicomedia. cyzicus.
ANTIOCH. ALEXANDRIA. CARTMAQE.
; . ^ a; V , ... V •
PI. XIX.
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