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CATALOGUE

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MONKEYS, LEMURS,

AND

FRUIT-EATING BATS

IN THE

COLLECTION

or tiih

■■••

1} R I T I S II MUSE U M.

BY

Dr. J. E. GRAY, F.R.S. &c.

This volume is a facsimile reproduction
of a copy pT*oviouoly. held by the American
Museum of Natural History Library.

LONDON:
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.

1870.

?«■

*WV,

VVJV**

•^x

2 2 - VV* - ,'. »'< .17 j. *

o

Pit I NT ED BY TAYLOlt AND I'HANCIS,
RED T.lt)N COl'HT, FLEET STKKET,

PREFACE.

The object of the present Catalogue is to give a list of all the genera
and species of the Monkeys, Lemurs, Colugoes, and Frugivorous Bats
in the British-Museum Collection,- with references to other species
described from other collections. The letters B.M. after a specific
name denote the species that are now contained in the Collection ;
and the absence of those letters indicates the species which are desi-
derata, and therefore desirable to be procured for the Collection.

The woodcuts arc the same as wcro prepared to illustrate papers
published in the ' Proceedings of the Zoological Society,' which are
kindly lent by the Council of that Society for the purpose.

These sheets were printed in 18G7, when the printing was inter-
rupted by my ill health, and have been detained in the hope that I
should be able to revise the remainder of the manuscript, which I
still hope to print in a separate part at a future time.

JOHN EDWA11D GRAY.

British Museum,

December 1, 1870.

TA1SLE OF CONTENTS.

L
1,3

1,2

3
3

Class 1 . MAMMALIA
Subclass 1. Unguiculata.
Order I. PRIMATES ..
Suborder I. BIMANA ....

Fam. I. HoMiNiDiE

Gen. Homo

sapiens

Suborder II. QUADRU-

MANA 2,4

Fam. II. SiMiADiK 2, 4

Section A. Anthropoid 4, 6

Tribe I. Simiina 4, G

Gen. 1. Mimetes 4,6

troglodytes. W.Africa.. G, 127

Gen. 2. Gorilla 4*7

Savagei. Gaboon 7, 127

Gen. 3. Simia 4,8

satyrus. Sumatra 8

Tribe II. Hylobatina 4, 9

Gen. 4. Siamanoa 4, 9

syndactyla. Sumatra .... 9

Gen. 5. Hyeobates 4, 9

lar. Malacca &c

pileatus. Siam 19

leucogenys

hoolock. India

Ralllosii. Sumatra .

agilis. Sumatra

leuciscus. Java

Section B. Quadrupedal
Tribe III. Preshjtina .

Gen. G. Nasaeis 4, 12

larvatus. Borneo 13

Gen. 7. Lasiopyga ...... 5, 13

nemeus. Cochin China. . 13

Gen. 8. Semnoihthecus . . 5, 13
leucoprymnus. Ceylon
cucullatus. India ....

obscurus. Malacca?..
Johnii. India ....

entellus. Bombay

11

11
13

12
4,12
4,12

14
14
14
14
14

albipes. Madras 16

mnurus. Java . .
cristatus. Sumatra .
femoralis. Singapore
frontatus. Borneo .

15

15
1G
1G

initratus. Java 10

siamensis. Malay Islands 10

melalophus. Sumatra . . 16

nobilis. Sumatra 17

rubicundus. Borneo .... 17

Gen. 9. Colobus 5, 17, 127

satanas. Fernando Po. . 17
polycomus. Fernando Po

and Sierra Leone .... 18

angolensis. Angola .... 18

bicolor. W. Africa .... 18

Kirkii. W. & E. Africa . 127

ferruginea. W. Africa. . 18
cristatus. W. Africa. ... 19, 128

Gen. 19. Guereza 5, 19

Riippellii. Abvssiuiaand

W. Africa 19

Tribe IV. Cercopithecina . . 5, 19

Gen. 11. Miopithecus . . 5, 19

talapoin. W. Africa. ... 29
Gen. 12. Cercopithecus 5,29,128

cephus. W. Africa .... 29

petaurista. Africa .... 29

melanogenys. W. Africa 21

Martinii. Fernando Po.. 21
nictitans. Fernando To

and Guinea 21

ludio. Africa 21

erythrotis. Fernando Po 21

Diana. W. Africa 22

lcucocampyx. Africa . . 22

mona. Senegal 22

pogonias. W.Africa.... 23

Erxlebenii. W. Africa 23

erythrogaster. W. Africa 128

Pluto. Angola 23

Campbellii. W. Africa 24

albogularis. E.Africa.. 24
samango. S. Africa ... .24, 128

Gen. 13. CiiLOitocERua .. 5,21

ruber. W. & N. Africa 25

pygerythrus. S. Africa. . 25
riito-viridis. Mossainbique 25

sabseus. W. Africa .... 25

cngythithea. Abyssinia. 2G

cynosurus. W. Africa . . 2G

VI

CUNTKN'IN.

Page

Gen. 14. Cehcocebus .... 5, 20

;ethiops. A frica 27

fuliginosus. W.Africa.. 27

eollaris. W. Africa .... 27

albigena. Africa 27,128

Gen. 15. Macacus 5, 28

sinicus. Madras 28

pileatus. India 20

nemestrinus. Sumatra . . 29

melanotus. Madras .... 29

Pelops. N. India 30

problematicus. Assam. . 128

cristatus 30

cynomolgus. India .... .'50

assamensis. Siani 81

Rhesus. India 31

cyclopia. Formosa .... 1 28
Sancti-Johannis. llong-

Kong 129

speciosus. Japan 31

oclireatus 32

inornatus. Borneo .... 129

lasiotus. China 129

Gen. 10. Silknus 5, 32

vetev. India 32

Gen. 17. Inuus 5, 32

ecaudatus. N. Africa . . 32

Gen. 18. Gei.ada 5, 33

lliippellii. Africa 33

Gen. 19. Oynopithecus . . 5, 33

niger. Philippines .... 33

Tribe V. Cynoeephalina. ... 5,34

Gen. 20. IIamadryas .... 5,34

jegyptiaca. N. Africa . . 34

Gen. 21 . Cynocephalus . . 5, 34

porcarius. S. Africa . . 34

anubis. Guinea 34

Thoth. Abyssinia 85

babouin. W.Africa.... 35

sphinx. W. Africa .... 35

Gen. 22. CiiiEROPiTHECUs 5, 35

leucophams. Africa .... 35

Gen. 23. Mormon 5, 30

maimon. Africa 30

Fam. III. OEniD^G 2,30

Section A. Gyninura 30, 38

Tribo I. Mycetina 30, 38

(Jen. 1. Myoetes 30, 38

ursinus. Brazil 39

seniculus. Brazil 39

bicolor. Brazil 40

laniger. Columbia .... 40

palliatus. Caraccas .... 40

auratus. Brazil 40

caraya. Brazil 4)

barbatus. Brazil 41

Pagu

Beelzebub Brazil 41

villosus. Brazil 41

Tribe II. Layotrichina .... 30, 41

Gen. 2. Ate'les 30, 41, 130

ater. Brazil 42

paniscus. Guiana, Peru. 42

fusciceps. S. America. . 42

grisescens. S. America.. 42

cucidlatus. S. America. . 42
marginatus. Brazil .... 43
hybridus. Nicaragua . . 43
melanochir. Caraccas . . 43
ornatus. S. America. . . . 44
albifrons. S. America . . 44

Belzebuth. Brazil 41

vellerosus. Brazil 44

Bartletlii. 10. Peru .... 130

Gen. 3. Bbachyteles. . . . 30,45

arachnoides. Brazil .... 45

Gen. 4. Lagotjiiux 30, 45

Huniboldtii. Columbia. 40

infumatus. Brazil 4(5

Section B. Trichiura 37, JO

Tribe III. Cebina 37, -10

Gen. 5. Cebus 37, 40, 130

leucogenys. Brazil .... 48

Apella. ' Brazil 48

pallid us. Bolivia 49

cirrifer. S. America. ... 49

vellerosus. Brazil 49

capucinus. Brazil 49

xanthocephalus. Paraguay 50
albifrons. S. America . . 50
hypoleucus. C. America 50
leucocephalus. Columbia 50

flavescens. Brazil 61

robustus. Brazil 51

annellatus. S.America.. 51

chrysopus. Brazil ? . . . . 51
subcristatus. S. America 52

capillatus. Brazil 52

Tribe IV. Callitrichina .... 37, 52
Gen. 0. Ciiry.sotiuux .... 52

sciureus. Brazil 53

ustus. Brazil 53

entomophagus. Bolivia. 63

Gen. 7. Cai.utiihix 37,51

cuprea. Brazil 54

amictus. Guiana 54

torquatus. Brazil 55

donaeophilus. Bolivia . . 65

Moloch. Brazil 55

ornatus. New Granada 55

personatus. Brazil .... 50

nigrifrons. Brazil 56

castaneoventris. Brazil . 50

CONTENTS.

VI 1

Page

melonochir. Brazil .... 57

gigo. Brazil 57

Tribe V. Nijctipithccina 37, 57

(Jen. 8. Nyctipithecits . . 37, 57

trivirgatus. Peru 58

Comniersonii. Brazil . . 58

lemurinus. Columbia . . 58

Tribe VI. Pithcema 37, 58

Gen. 9. Pithecia 37, 58

leucocepbala. Brazil . . 59

monachus. Brazil .... 59

albicans. Brazil 59

rufiventer. Brazil GO

Tribe VII. llmehi/urina . . 37, GO

Gen. 10. Chiropotes 37, GO

sagulata. Guiana GO

Satanas. Brazil Gl

ater. Brazil P fil

albinasa. Brazil 01

Gen. 11. Ouakaria 37,01

melanocephala. Brazil. . 02

rubicunda. Brazil G2

calva. Brazil 02

Tribe VIII. Hapalina .... 37, G2

( ien. 12. 'IIapale .... 37, G2, 130

aurita. Brazil 03

Gen. 13. Jacchus 37, 03

vulgaris. Brazil G3

Gen. 14. Okbtjbjlla 37, 64

pygmsea. Brazil 04

Gen. 14«. MlCOEM-A 130

sericcus. Brazil 131

ebrysoleucos. Brazil . . 131

Gen. 15. Mico 37, G4

nielanurus. Brazil .... G4

Gen. 10. Leontopithecus 37,64

Rosalia. Brazil 05

cbrysoraelas. Brazil.... 65

Gen. 17. (Edipus 37,65

titi. Brazil 65

Geoli'royi. Panama .... 65

Gen. 18. Midas 38,66,130

mystax. Peru 6(5

labiatus. Brazil 6(5

rufiventer. Brazil 66

leucogenys. Brazil .... (57

flavifrons. Brazil 67

ursnlus. Brazil 68

Gen. 19. Seniocepus 38, 68

bicolor. Brazil 68

Fain. IV. Lemtjridje. .2,68,131

Tribe I. Lemurina 69,70,132

Gen. 1. Varecia 69, 70

varia. Madagascar ....70,132

rubra. Madagascar .... 71
leucomystax. Madagascar 72,1. '52

Page

Gen. 2. Lemur 69, 72

catta. Madagascar .... 72

Gen. 3. Prosimia 69,73,132

albifrons. Madagascar. . 73
nigrifrons. Madagascar 73

melanocephala. Madagascar 78
inongoz. Madagascar . . 74
rufifrons. Madagascar . . 74
xanthomystax. Madagascar 74
coronata. Madagascar.. 75
albimana. Madagascar. . 75

aniuanensis. Madagascar 75
collaris. Madagascar . . 76
flavifrons. Madagascar. . 132

Gen. 4. Hapalemur . .69, 76, 133
griseus. Madagascar . . 76, 133

Gen. 4 a. Prolemur .... 133
simus. Madagascar .... 133

Gen. 5. Cheirogaeeus . . 69, 77
Milii. Madagascar .... 77
typicus. Madagascar ..78,133

Gen. 5 a. Azema 132

Smitbii. Madagascar ..78,134

Tribe II. Galaqonina 69,79

Gen. 6. Otogaee 69, 7»

Garnettii. Port Natal . . 79

crassicaudata. E. & W. Afr. 80
Monteiri. West Africa. . 80
pallida. Fernando To . . 81

Gen. 7. Gaeago 09, 82

Allonii. West Africa . . 82

maboli. South Africa . . 83
senegalensis. W. Africa 84

sennaviensis. Sennaar . . 84

DemidofTii. West Africa 80

Gen. 8. Lepilemur . .G9, 86, 134
mustelinus. Madagascar 135
dorsalis. Madagascar . . 135

Gen.8n. 3Iurilemur .... 134
murinus. Madagascar . .87, 135

Gen. SI). Piianer 135

furcifer. Madagascar ..88,135

Gen. 8c. Mirza 135

Coqucrclii. Madagascar 136

Tribe III. Micmrhipi china . . 69, 89

Gen. 9. Microrhynchus 69, 89,

136
laniger. Madagascar ..90,136

Tribo IV. Indrisina 69,90

Gen. 10. Propithecur . . 09, 90
diadema. Madagascar . . 90
Verreauxii. Madagascar 13(5
Damonis. Madagascar . . 137

Gen. 11. Indris 09, 90

brevicaudatus. Madagascar 91

Tribe V. Lorhiim 69, 92

Vlll

CONTENTS.

Page

Gen. 12. Nyctickdu.s 69, 5)2

tardigradus. Borneo . . 02

javanicus. Java i)2

cinercus. Siam 137

Gen. 13. Boris 09, 93

gracilis. India 93

Tribe VI. Perodicticina 09, 93

Gen. 14. Perobicttcu8 . . 09, 93

potto. West Africa .... 93

Gen. 15. Arctocebus .... 09, 94

calabarensis. W. Africa 95

Fam. V. Tarsiibye .... 2, 90

Gen. 1. Tarsius 90

spectrum. Borneo .... 96

Fain. VI. Daubento-

niibje 2, 90

Gen. 1. Daubentonia. . . . 9(5
madagascariensis. Mada-
gascar 97, 137

Suborder III. DEBMO-

PTERA 3, 97

Fam. VII. G a e e o b i t ii e-

ciBiE 3,97

Gen. 1. Gaeeopitiiecus 97

volans. Java 97

pbilippinensis. Philippines 98

den. 2. Gai/koeemur. ... 97, 98

macrurus. Coylon .... 98

Suborder IV. ClIIRO-

PTERA 3, 98

Fam. VIII. PTEROPiniE . . 3, 98

Tribe I. Pteropina 99, 100

Gen. 1. Spectrum 99, 100

vulgare. I. Bourbon . . 100
rubricolle. Cape and

Mauritius 101

dasymalluin. Japan . . 101

anetianum. N. Hebrides 101

leucopterum. Philippines 102

Gen. 2. Pteropus 99, 102

conspicillatus. Eastern

Australia 103

Edwardsii. Africa .... 103

medius. India 103

Kelaartii. Ceylon 104

funereus. Australia . . 104

poliocephalus. Australia 104

jubatus. Philippines . . 105

mysolensis. I. Mysol . . 1 05

ornatus. New Caledonia 105

Floresii. Floros 10fi

loochoonsis. Loocboo 100

argontatus. AmboynaP 10(1

caniceps. Batchian . . 107

nawaiensis. Fiji Is. . . 107

I'age

flavicollis. Fiji Is 107

Geddiei. New Hebrides 107

allinis. Jilolo 108

tricolor. Ternate .... 108

Rayueri. Solomon Is. 108

Elseyi. N.E. Australia 108
vitiensis. Viti Islands 109

Livingstonii. Africa . . 109

ursiuus. I. of Bonin .. 110

Maeklotii. Timor 110

hypomelas. Am Is. . . 110

griseus. Timor 110

chinensis. China .... Ill

personatus. Ternate . . Ill

Wallacei. Macassar . . Ill

Gen. 3. Eunycteris .... 99, 112

pbaiops. Ilatubello . . 113

Tribe II. Macrofflossina . . 99,113

Gen. 4. Notoptebis .... 99, 111

Macdonaldii. Fiji . . . . 114

Gen. 5. Macrogeossus. . 99,114

minimus. Java 115

Gen. 0. Xantharpyia . . 99, 115
seminuda. Ceylon .... 115
straminea. Africa .... 110
Gen. 7. ELEUTiiKRimA . . 99,110
aogyptiaea. N. Africa. . 117
unicolor. W.Africa .. 117

collaris. S. Africa .... 118

marginata. India .... 118
fuliginosa. Siam .... 118

infumata. Flores .... 118

fusca. India? 119

pbilippinensis. Philippines 119
Tribe III. Ccphalotina . . 99, 119
Gen. 8. Cephalotes. . . . 99, 119

Peronii. Timor 119

Tribe IV. Harpyiana ... .100, 120

Gen. 9. IIarpyia 100, 120

cephalotes. Georgia I. 121

albiventer. Morty I. . . 121

Tribe V. Cynopterina ... .100, 121
Gen. 10. Cynopterus ..100,121
marginatus. India .... 122
collaris. West Africa. . 123

Gen. 11. Megjera 100, 123

ecaudata. Sumatra. ... 124

Tribe VI. Epomophorina 100, 124

Gen. 12. Hypsignatiius 100, 124

moustrosus. W. Africa 124

Gen. 13. Ei'OMOPiioiius 100, 125

macrocephalus. W. Africa 125

gambianus. Gambia . . 120

Gen. 14. Epomops 100,120

Franqueti. West Africa 120

CATALOGUE

OF

MAMMALIA.

Class 1. MAMMALIA.

Vertebrate animals, more or less covered with hair, and furnished
with milk-giving mammary glands ; respiring by lungs ; having a
heart with two ventricles and two auricles, circulating warm blood,
enclosed in a thorax, separated from tho abdominal viscera by a
diaphragm ; viviparous ; tho young nourished with milk.

Synopsis of Okders.

I. Quadrupeds, or bipeds, with the fingers and toes elongate, flexible, and

armed with claws or nails. Unguiculata.

Order I. Piumates. Teeth of three sorts. Thumb and great toe
opposable to the fingers or toes. Teats pectoral. Penis free.

Order II. Feu^e. Teeth of three sorts. Thumb not opposable. Teats
ventral. Penis in a sheath.

Order III. Gliues. Teeth of two sorts ; cutting -teeth large ; canines
wanting. Penis in a sheath. Teats ventral.

II. Quadrupeds, with the toes short, enclosed in the skin and armed with

hoofs. Ungulata.

Order IV. Biiuta. Teeth all of one kind or entirely wanting. Hoof
often compressed, elongate.

Order V. Pecora. Teeth of two or three kinds. Stomach complicated.
Front of upper jaw toothless, callous. Toes in pairs. Hoofs
triangular.

Order VI. Bellu^e. Teeth of three kinds. Stomach simple. Upper
cutting-teeth distinct. Skin thick, nearly naked. Hoofs triangular or
nail-like.

III. Limbs Jin-like. Hod;/ elon<jatc,fish-likc,withan expanded horizontal
tail. Nostrils valvular.

Order VII. Sjhenia. Nostrils normal, moderate, in front of the nose.
Teetli of two or three kinds.

Order VIII. Cete. Nostrils large, suhvertical, on tho crown, far from
the mouth. Teeth all similar or wanting.

B

/

PRIMATES.

Subclass T. Unguiculata. Bipeds, or quadrumana, with the fingers and
toes elongate} flexible, and armed with claws or nails.

Order I. PRIMATES.

The front and often the hind limbs with a distinct thumb opposable
to the fingers or toes. Teats two or four on the chest. Penis free,
pendulous. Cutting-teeth f , f, or ^. The fingers and toes are
usually long and ilexible, clawed.

Primates, Linn.

The Aye-Aye (Daubentonia) has only two kinds of teeth, similar
in form to the Glires ; but it has the other characters of Primates.

In some Monkeys of the Eastern and Western Hemispheres the
thumb of the hand is small, or entirely wanting. In the Monkeys
of the Western Hemisphere it is generally not opposable to the
fingers ; but their hands are so like the hands of other Monkeys
that no one can mistake them for the fore feet of other Mammalia,
and they have the rest of the characters of the Primates.

Synopsis op Suborders and Families.
Suborder I. Bimana. Hand only with an opposable thumb.
Family 1. IIominidje. Cutting-teeth |, contiguous, opposed.

Suborder II. Quadrumana. Hands and feet with an opposable thumb
and great toe.

' * Teeth of three kinds.

Family 2. Simiad^e. Cutting-teeth |, contiguous, erect, opposed.
Nostrils in front of nose, separated by a narrow septum. Claws
all alike, of thumb broad. Grinders f . | . Buttocks often callous.
Eastern Hemisphere.

Family 3. Cebid^;. Cutting-teeth £-, contiguous, opposed, erect or
suberect. Nostrils on side of nose, separated by a very broad
septum. Claws all alike, of thumb broad. Grinders f . f, rarely
I . f . Buttocks hairy. Western Hemisphere.

Family 4. Lemurid^e. Cutting-teeth } or f-, dissimilar, upper small,
separate in pairs, vertical ; lower larger, contiguous, shelving.
Claw of the second too subulate ; the others Hat. Eastern
Hemisphere.

Family 5. Tarsiid^e. Cutting-teeth |, subsimilar, erect ; upper largo,
conical, lower small, contiguous. Claws of the second and
third toes subulate ; the others Hat. Asia.

** Teeth of only two kinds. Canines none.

Family G. DaubentoniidjE. Cutting-teeth f, compressed, very
largo, with a space between them and the grinders. Claw of
thumb Hat, of fingers acute. Middle fingers elongate, slender.

nOMrNTDiR.

Suborder III. Dekmopteiia. Limbs enclosed in an expansion of the

skm. lingers and toes short, webbed, with opposable thumbs. '
Family 7. GALEoriTiiEciDJE.

Suborder IV. Chiropteba. Limbs and the very greatly elongated
fingers of the hand enclosed in a skin. Thumb and great toe free.

Family 8. Ptebopid;e. The grinders bluntly tubercular, the cutting-

teeth crowded between tbe canines. Nostrils pierced in tho
nose. Eastern Hemisphere.

Family 0. PiivM.o.sTOMm^. Tbo grinders acutely tubercular. Nos-
trils pierced m a special disk ending bebind*in a more or less
elevated leaf. Canines close ; intermaxillary developed, narrow ;
the cutting- tee tb crowded between tbe canines. Tail in inter-
femoral membrane. Western Ilemispbere.

Family 10 Rhinolophid;g. Tbe grinders acutely tubercular.
Nostnls pierced in a special disk wbicb is often complicated in
trout. Canines far apart; intermaxillary rudimentary or deficient;
cutting-teeth small, deciduous. Eastern Ilemispbere.

Family 11 Noctilionid^. The grinders acutely tubercular. Tbe
nostrils simply pierced in tbe nose. Tail partly free, on upper
surface or at the end of the truncated interfemoral membrane,
-uotn Ilemispberes.

Family 12 Vespertilionid;e. The grinders acutely tubercular.
JNostrils simply pierced in the nose. Tail entirely enveloped
and continued to the end of tho conical interfemoral mem-
brane. Both Hemispheres.

Suborder I. BIMANA.

Hand with an opposable thumb. The great toe on the same level as the

other toes.
Uimaua, Cuvier.

Fam. I. HOMINIDiE.

Tho feet flat, formed for walking, the great toe in the same
line with the rest ; not opposable. Nose prominent on the nearly
erect face. Chin prominent. Pelvis wide. Walking erect. Ifavin-
tire power of communicating his knowledge and ideas by speech.

HOMO.

Homo, Linn.

Homo sapiens. B# j£m

Homo sapiens, Linn.

Uab. The Eastern and Western Hemispheres.

»2

4 SIMIAD.E.

Suborder II. QUADRUMANA.

Tho hands and feot with an opposable thumb and great toe, which
have broad flat nails. Fingers and toes similar.

Quadrumana, Ouvter,
Primates, Dahlbom, 1854.

Fam. II. SIMIAD.E.

Cutting-teeth j- , contiguous, erect, opposed. Grinders f . f ; teeth
32. Nostrils in front of the nose, separated by a narrow septum.
Claws all alike, of thumb flat, short. Buttocks callous, except in
Simiina. Warm parts of Eastern Hemisphere.

The genus Ouereza has tho nostrils rather wide apart in front, as
in some Oebidce ; but it has five grinders in each jaw, and the
African habitat and habits of Simiadce. NyctipitJiecus (a genus
of Cebidce) has the nostrils placed much as in Simiadce ; but it has
the number of teeth, the revolute tail, and the American habitat of
Cebklce.

Such exceptions to the characters of orders, families, and genera
aro constantly to bo observed, showing that animals cannot be
arranged by any single character, but by tho result of a number of
characters which, taken together, give the peculiarity of tho group.

Synopsis of Tribes and Genera.

Section A. Anthropoid. The arms much longer than the legs. Walking
subcrect. Tail none.

Tribe I. Simiina. Body stout. Toes and fingers short. Buttocks hairy.

1. Mimetes. The amis reaching to the knees. Nails flat. Ears large.

Africa.

2. Gorilla. The arms not reaching to the knees. Ears moderate.

Africa.

3. Simia. The arms reaching to the ankles. Ears moderate. Asia.

Tribe IT. Hylobatina. Body and limbs slender. Hands and feet
long, slender. Buttocks callous. Asia.

4. Siamanga. Second and third toes united. Throat dilatile, of male

bald. Face rather produced.

5. ifyLOBATES. Second and third toes scarcely united. Throat hairy.

Face nearly flat.

Section B. Quadrupedal. The arms shorter than the legs, or rarely
subequal. Walking on all fours. Tail distinct. Buttocks callous.

Tribe III. Presbytina. Head roundish. Nostrils on the sloping face.
Hands and feet very long, slender. Thumb small or wanting.
Stomach complicated.

a. Thumb short. Asia.

6. Nasalis. Nose very prominent. Body stout..

S1MIADJE. O

7. Labiopyoa. Nose flattened. Body stout.

8. Semnopithecus. Nose flattened. Body slender.

b. Thumb none or very rudimentary. Africa.

9. Colobus. Back uniformly hairy. Nostrils close together.

10. Guebeza. Back with a mantle of long hairs on each side. Nos-

trils rather wide apart.

Tribe IV. Cebcopithecina. Head round or oblong. Nostrils on the
slope of the face. Hands and feet short. Thumb large. Stotnach
simple.

* Head rounded. Face short. Last lower grinder with three or four

tubercles. Africa.

11. Miopithecus. Face flat. Whiskers small. Last lower grinder
with three tubercles. Africa.

12. Cebcopithecus. Face short. Whiskers round. Last lower grinder
with four tubercles. Africa.

13. CiLLOBOCEBua. Face rather produced. Whiskers rigid, roflexed.
Last lower grinder with four tubercles. Africa.

* * Head oblong. Face more or less produced. Last lower grinder with

Jive tubercles.

14. Cercocebus. Body slender. Face black. Eyelids white. Tail
elongate. Africa.

15. Macacus. Body stout. Face more elongate. Tail long or mode-
rate. Asia.

1G. Silenus. Body stout. Face elongated. Tail moderate, tufted at
the end. Neck maned. Asia.

17. Inuus. Body stout. Face elongate. Tail none. Crown smooth.

Africa, Europe.

18. Gelada. Body stout. Face much elongated. Tail moderate,

tufted. Neck maned. Africa.

19. Cynopituecus. Body stout. Face much elongated, swollen on
sides of nose. Tail none. Crown with a compressed crest. Asia.

Tribe V. Cynocephalina. Head elongate. Nostrils at the end of
the truncated nose. Hands and feet short. Thumb large. Stomach
simple. Last molar with Jive tubercles. Africa.

20. IlAMADBYAa. Tail, end tufted. Neck maned.

21. Cynocephalus. Tail moderate. Neck not maned.

22. Ch^bopithecus. Tail very short, hairy all round. Face two-

grooved, black.

23. Mormon. Tail veiy short, erect, bald beneath. Face grooved, brnrbt-
coloured.

Q SIMIADJE.

Section-A. Anthhopoid. The arms much longer than the legs. Walk-
ing suberect. Tail none.

Tribe I. SIMIINA.

Body and limbs stout. Toes and fingers abort. Buttocks hairy.
Fur bristly. Bones of ilium ratber concave. Chest and pelvis
broad. Tbo faco-boncs aro greatly produced in length as the animal
advances towards adult ago. Lips dilatable, very mobile.
Simia anthropomorpha, Dahlbum.

1. MIMETES.

The arms reaching to the knees. Fingers and toes short, strong.
Claws fiat. Feet wide. Ears very large. Buttocks of young hairy,
of adults rather bare and callous. Skull largo ; brain-case large.
Face moderate. Africa.

Miinetes, Leach, Journ. de Phys. 1819; Ann. Phil. 1820, p. 104 ; not
Vigors. Troglodytes, Geoff. ; not Swainson. Anthropopithecus,
Bluinv. Le Ckimpanse, Cuvier.

Mimetes troglodytes. The Chimpanzee. B. M.

Fur black, rather harsh. Face and hands nearly naked, wrinkled,
• blackish. Lips and chin with short, white, scattered hairs. Bump
of young sometimes white.

Simia troglodytes, Gmelin. Jocko, Buffon, II. N. xi. t. 1. Pongo,
Jiuffon, Supp. vii. Troglodytes niger, Geoff'. T. leueopryninus, Less.
111. Zool. t. 12. Satyrusliigaros, Meyen, Wiegm. Arch. 185G, p. 282.
T. calvus, Du Chaillu ! * T. tschego, Duvernoy, Arch, du Mas.
viii. v. t. 1, 8, 4, 0. Simia Pan, Donovan, Nat. llepos. t.

Hab. West Africa.

The male and female in the Zoological Gardens differed in the size
of the head and colour of the faco. Male head small, face blacker,
more hairy. Female head and faco larger, flesh-coloured. They may
be from different localities.

Homo troglodytes, Linn., is from a fabulous account and figure.

a. Troglodytes calvus, Du Chaillu, Proc. Boston Soc. N. H. vii.
p. 290, 1861 ! Trav. t. 32,48, 63; P. Z. S. 1861, p. 273. B.M.

"Front of body with the blackest hair; neck, arms, and upper two-
thirds of the back with long black hair ; lower third of back and
legs light-brownish grey; hands and feet black. Head bald to the
level of the middle of tbo ears ; behind scalp black, smooth, and shin-
ing; eyebrows thin, bristly, long, and black; face black; eyes
somewhat sunken ; nose fiat ; sides of the face hairy from the ears,
the hair very short ; scarcely bearded under the chin, mixed with a

*Whero tho mark of admiration is placed after a reference, it shows that the
specimen described by that author is in the British Museum.

2. GORILLA. 7

few grey hairs. Ears large, somewhat smaller than in the Chim-
panzee, standing out laterally for the back."

Hah. Gaboon ; called NscJiiego.

Tho specimen received with the above name in the Museum was
in too bad a state to determine with accuracy if it is distinct from
T. niger. The baldness of the forehead appeared to be accidental.

Dr. Franquct (Arch, du Mus. x. 18G2) described a black-faced
Chimpanzee as the T. tsehego ; but M. du Chaillu thinks it " only
an adult of T. niger, tho face of that animal being llcsh-coloured
when young and black when adult."

b. Troglodytes Kooloo Kamba, Du Chaillu, Proc. Boston N. II.

Soc. vii. p. 358, 18G1 ! Trav. t. 39, 49, 50; Gray, P. Z. S.
1861, p. 273. B. M.

" It differs from T. calvus in wanting the baldness, the more
rounded face, the whiskers round the face, and less prominent muzzle,
the higher cheek-bones, and the moi'e hollow checks

" Prom the adult T. niger in a rounder face, more prominent
cheek-bones, and more hollow checks ; larger cars, less prominent
muzzle, and the whiskers round the face. It has a different name
given to it by the natives, who call it Kooloo Kamba or Kooloo.

" JIab. Ashankoo Mountains."

It appears to bo probable that there are two species of Troglodytes
from the Gaboon. Gf the skulls in the British Museum received
from M. du Chaillu, one, the common, will rest erect when placed
on the lower jaw ; tho other is so much produced behind, or the
line of the lower jaw is so oblique, that it always falls backwards
when so placed ; but I cannot find that the latter belongs to T.
Kooloo Kamba.

c. Troglodytes vellerosus, Gray, P. Z. S. 18G2, p. 181 ! B. M.

Pur vciy abundant, soft, black ; of the back brown, with long
brown tips to the blackish hairs.

Hab. Camaroon Mountains, Burton. A skin without skull, and
bones of hands and feet.

2. GORILLA.

Arms elongate, not reaching to tho knees. Foot short, broad;
toes short, thick. Ears moderate. Throat rather naked, dilatile.
Ilab. Africa.

Gorilla, /. Geoffrey. Satyrus, sp., Mcyen, Troglodytes, Savage.

Gorilla Savagei. Tlie Ingena. B. M.

Male black ; loins and hind legs and feet greyish white ; crown
dark red-brown. Female and young grey-brown ; crown reddish.

Ingena, Bowdich, Ashantee, p. 441, 1819. Troglodytes gorilla, Savage,
Boston Journ. N. II. 1847 ; Blainv. Ostcog. t. Troglodytes Savagei,

8 3IMIA.D.E.

Owen, P. Z. S. 1848, p. 29, f. 12 ! Traits. Zool. Soc. iii. p. 381 ! Gorilla
gina, I. Geoff. Arch, dti Mus. viii. t. 2, 8, 4. Satyrus adrotes,
Meyen, Wieym. Arch. 185G, p. 182.

Ilab. Gaboon, Bowdich, 1819.

3. SIMIA.

Tho arrns reaching to tho anklos ; feet long, narrow ; fingers and
toes short ; claws channelled ; ears small ; head moderate ; cheeks
and face elongate ; throat dilatile. Tho cheeks of the adult male
arc much enlarged and very callous. The great toe not extending
to tho end of tho metacarpal bone ; often destitute of the claw-
bearing joint. Buttocks hairy. Brain-case moderate. Hub. Asiatic
islands.

Pongo, Lacep. 1798; Kuhl. Pithecus, Geoff. 1812; Leach, 1819;
Cuvier, 1829. Satyrus, Oyilby, 1838 ; Lesson. Bracliiopithecus,
lilainv.

Simia satyrus. The Orang-outang. B. M.

Bright red-brown.

Jocko, liuffon, Supp. vii. p. 2. Simia satyrus, Linn. S. N. vol. i. p. 34,
17GG ; Cuvier ;"Geoffroy. Simia agrias, Schreb. pi. 2. f. ii. n et ii. c,
1775. Simia rums, Lesso?i, Sjwc. Mamm. p. 40. Pithecus satyrus,
Leach, Journ. Phys. 1819 ; Desm. Mamm. p. 50. Satyrus lnielrias,
Meyen, Wieym. Arch. 185G, p. 281.

Ilab. Sumatra.

See also

a. Pithecus bicolor, Is. Geoff. Ann. du Mus. xi. t., 1843. Red-

brown ; sides, armpits, inner part of the thighs, and round
the mouth pale whitish-yellow ; orbits subquadrangular.
Ilab. Sumatra. Mus. Paris.

b. Grote Bornevosche — Ourang-outang of "Wurmb, Pongo Paj>cs

Wunnbii, JjHtrciUc; Pongo de Borneo, Blainv. = Simia wurmbii,
Fischer. Fur brown ; male with large tubercles on cheeks ;
from Borneo. Is perhaps only an adult.

c. Orang from Sumatra, Chirk Abel, Asiatic Researches, xv.=

Pongo Abelii, Less. ; Simia Abelii, Fischer.

d. Orang de Wallich — S. Wallichii, Blninville, Jotim. de Phys.

1818. From a large half-adult skull sent by Dr. Wallich to
Paris, which, according to Is. Ceoffroy, differs from that of
S. satyrus, and is more like (hat of S. Wurmbii.

e. Simia morio, Owen, P. Z. S. 183G, p. 92 ; Trans. Zool. Soc. ii.

p. 1G8. From a skull from Borneo with a peculiar dentition ;
perhaps an accidental variety. Dr. Cantor observes that the
physiognomy and colour of the face exhibit a marked dif-
ference in living individuals from Sumatra and Borneo. —
Cat. Mamm. Malacca.

f. Simia giganteus, Pearson ,Journ.Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1841, p. GGO.

g. Pithecus Otvenii, Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bong. 1853, p. 3(19.
h. Pithecus curtus,Ji\yih, Journ. Asiat.Soc. Beng. 185G,xxiv. p. 518.

5. HYLOBATES. 9

Tribe II. HYLOBATINA.

Body and limbs slender. Hands and feet long, slender. Buttocks
callous. JIab. Asia aud Asiatic islands.

4. SIAMANGA.

The arms very long, reaching to the feet ; claws channelled ;
tlio second and third toes united as far as tho joint between the
second and third phalanges ; the throat very dilatile, of male naked, of
female covered with hair. Skull with an elongated, compressed face,
tlio lower jaw nearly as wido behind as in front. Uab. Asiatic
islands.

Siamanga, Gray, List Mamm. B. 31. p. 2. Syndactylus, Boitard.

Siamanga syndactyla. The Siamang. B. M.

Black-woolly, chin and upper lip whitish.

Var. White.— Baffles.

Simia syndactyla, Linn. Trans. 1821 ! Pithecus syndactylus, Dcsm.
Ilylobates syndactylus, Ilorsf. ! Siamanga syndactyla, Gray, List
Mamm. B. M. p. 2 !

Uab. Sumatra; Java.

5. HYLOBATES.

Arms reaching to the feet ; claws channelled ; second and third
toes slightly united in the males, free in the females ; throat hairy;
head round. Skull with a short, loss compressed face; the lower jaw
much narrower at the end of tho tooth-line than in front. Uab.
Asia and Asiatic islands.

Gibbon, Bujfon, 1700. Ilylobates, Illigcr, 1811. Brachiopithecus,
partly, Blainv.

The specimens of tho genus arc vory variable in colour, and hence
they have been divided into several species, the species being often
described from a single individual.

Some authors defend this practico by the fact that the natives of
the country where they arc found give them different names — that is,
call a white specimen a White Unko, and a black one a Black Unko ;
but this appears to bo only as wo call horses white, bay, or brown,
without regarding them as distinct species.

When several specimens arc received from the same locality, as
of //. lar from Malacca, or IT. pileatus from Siam, tho general
colour of the animals varies from black to grey and to white. General
Hardwicke figures the specimens found in the Himalaya as varying
in the same manner.

Dr. Cantor and other naturalists who have bad the opportunity of
examining these animals alive state that, there is a great variation

]0 SIMIADiE.

in the extent to which the toes of the hind feet are united, especially
in the males of different specimens, and also sometimes they arc
united on one foot and freo on the other of the same animal. M.
Is. Geoffroy, placing faith in this character, separated a species,
and formed for it a section of the genus, because in one male speci-
men ho had observed tho second and middle too united by a membrane
to tho socond articulation.

Tho species aro very much aliko in appearance, and are variable
in colour from tho samo locality, so that one almost doubts their dis-
tinctness. Dr. Dahlbom has stated that thcro is a difference in the
skeletons : thus ho says that the bladebone of //. liajjlesii is smooth,
without any tubercle ; of II. leueiscus, with a single tubercle ; of If.
lar and H. agilis, with two tubercles, which are thin and distinct in
tho first, and thick and less distinct in tho second. lie also says
that the arms of II. Mullerii arc longer than those of II. leiuiscus.

The species may be divided thus : —

1. Hands and feet white ; nose rather elongate.

a. Whiskers white. No. 1.

b. Whiskers black. No. 2.

2. Hands and feet like the rest of the body.

a. Whiskers rigid, white ; frontal band none. No. 3.

b. Whiskers soft, fluffy ; frontal baud white. Nos. 4, 5, G, 7.

1. Hylobates lar. The Gibbon. B. M.

Black ; circumference of tho face, and the hands and feet, white ;
whiskers white.

Gibbon, Jiuffun, II. N. xiv. t. 2, 3. Homo lar, Linn. Simia lav,
Gmvl. llylobates lar, Illiger ; Geoff. Simia longiniana, Schrcb.
t. 2, f. 1. llylobates albimana, Horsf. Zool. Journ. 1820 !

Var. Yellowish white. — Cantor.
llylobates enteloides, Is. Geoff. Voy. Jacq. iv. p. 13, t. 184 ; Arch, du
Mus. xi. t. 29.

Ilab. Malacca ; Siam ; Burmah ; Tenasserim, Cantor.

" Bladebones with two slender tubercles." — Dahlbom.

Dr. Cantor observes, on H. lar, that the index and middle toes of
both or of one foot, in some individuals, of whatever sex or shade of co-
lour, are united by.a broad web the whole length of the first phalange,
in some partially so, and in others not at all ; and that in II. agilis
the first phalange of the index and middle toe are in some individuals
of cither sex partially or entirely united by a web ; sometimes the
first phalange of tho middlo too is partially united to the fourth (Cat.
Mamm. Malay, p. 3). Tho ribs vary from 12 to 13 pairs.

2. Hylobates pileatus. The Crowned Gibbon. B. M.

Black ; shoulders and loins greyish ; hands, feet, and circumfe-
rence of tho face, and a ring round tho crown, white ; whiskers
black.

5. HYLOBATES. 11

Onko, Tabraca, Hist, dc Siam, ii. p. 308, 1771. . Ilylobates pileatus,
Gray, Five. Zool. Soc. 18G1, p. 130, t. 21 !

Var. 1. Black. B# jf

Var. 2. Dirty white ; crown, whiskers, and belly black. B. M.

Var. 3. White; crown-spot and belly black; whiskers white. B. M.

Var. 4. White, except the black bristles on the eyebrow. B. M.

Hab. Siam, Mouhot.

3. Hylobates leucogenys. The White-cheeked Gibbon. B. M.

Black ; throat and sides of checks with a broad white spot of
spreading rigid hairs ; forehead black, without any frontal band.

Ilylobates leucogenys, Oyilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 20 ! Martin,
Monkeys, p. 445, 1. 1

iiab. .

4. Hylobates hoolock. The Indian Ilylobates.

Black ; frontal band grey ; whiskers soft and fluffy, black or
greyish black. ]3 ^j

Siniia hoolock, Harlan, Trans. Amcr. Phil. Soc. iv. p. 52, 1834 ; Is.
Geoff. Ilylobates hoolock, Lesson ; Martin, Monkeys, p. 438, 1". 274,
275. Ilylobates scyrites, Oyilby !

Var. ? Fur brownish. 13, j£#

Ilylobates fuscus, Lewis, Boston Journal N. II. i. p. 33.

Var. Fur pale yellowish-brown; frontal band white; whiskers
busby, darker brown.

I [ylobates choroniandus, Oyilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1837, p. 08 ! Martin
Quad. 442, f. ! '

Hab. India : Himalaya Mountains, Uardwiclce.

5. Hylobates Rafflesii. The Malay Gibbon. B. M.

Black ; frontal band white ; whiskers soft and fluffy, full black.
Simia lar, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 242. Hylobates Rafflesii,
Geoff. ; F. Cuv. Mamm. Lith. ; Is. Geoff. Ilylobates agilis, var.,
Martin, Quad. p. 425, t. ! Hylobates concolor, Harlan, Joum.
Acad. N. S. Philad. v. p. 229. Ilylobates Harlani, Lesson.

Hab. Sumatra.

Var. Dark brown ; frontal band distinct.
Hylobates concolor, S. Miilhr, Vcrhand. 1. ! (not Harlan). Hylo-
bates Miilleri, Martin, Monkeys, i. p. 4; Is. Geoff.
Hab. Borneo.

Dr. Dahlbom describos the skeloton, which has the bladcbone
smooth, without any tubercles.

12

SIMIAD2E.

6. Hylobates agilis. The Slender Gibbon. B. M.

Fur testaceous brown ; back paler ; frontal streak and the soft
fluffy whiskers pale brown.

Hylobates agilis (Wouwou), F. Cuv. Mamm. Lith. t. ; Ruffles !
Cantor ! II. variegatus, Dcsm.

Ilab. Sumatra, llajjles.

Var. Fur brownish white. B. M.

Hab. Sumatra? Malacca, Cantor.

Dr. Dahlbom describes the skeleton of //. agilis (F. Cuv.), and
states that it has two large, strong tubercles on the bladebono.

7. Hylobates leuciscus. The Wou-tvou. B. M.

Ashy grey or bluish grey ; crown of head with a largo square
black spot ; frontal band and circumforenco of face paler ; whiskers
soft, full.

Wou-wou, Camper, not F. Cuv. Simia leuciscus, Schreb. Hylo-
bates leuciscus, Kuhl; Ilorsfield ! Simia Moloch, Audeb. § 2, t. 1.

Hab. Java ; Sumatra.

See Hylobates funereus, Is. Geoff. Arch, du Mus. v. p. 532, t. 26.

Dr. Dahlbom describes the skeleton as having a bladebone with
only ono tubercle.

Fur of upper parts of body and outside of limbs ash-grey, of loins
paler, and forehead blackish. Hab. Solo Islands. — Mus. Paris.

I am much inclined to believe that all these Malayan Hylobatce,
with perhaps the Indian one, are one species ; but I have kept them
distinct on account of the difference in the skeletons mentioned by
Dr. Dahlbom.

Section B. Quadrupedal. The arms shorter than, or only as
long as, the leys. WaVcing on all fours. Tail distinct, often
elongate, but never prehensile. Buttoclcs callous.

Tribe III. TRESBYTINA.

Head roundish. Nostrils on the- sloping face. Hands and feet very
long, slender. Thumb small or Avanting. Tail very long. Stomach
complicated of several pouches.

Simia seninopithecus, Dahlbom.

a. Thumb short. Asia.

6. NASALIS.

Nose veiy prominent, conical ; the nostrils inferior. Body and
limbs robust. Thumb short, perfect. Cheek-pouches none. Orbits of
skull moderate or rather small. Hub. Asia.

Nasalis, Geoff. Rhynchopitliecus, Dahlbom, Zool. Stud. p. 91, 1837.

8. BEMNOPITTIECtrS. 13

Nasalis larvatus. B. M.

Ochrc-yellow ; head and upper part of the body chestnut ; crupper,
tail, forearms, and. legs greyish-yellow; chin bearded; face, cars,
and palms of a dusky leaden colour ; tail shorter than the body and
head.

Guenon a long nez, Buffon, Supp. vii. t. 11, 12. Simia nasalis, Shaw.
Cercopithecus larvatus, Wurmb. Nasalis larvatus, Geoff. ! Nasalis
recurvus, Vigors, Zool. Jburn. iv. (nose distorted, in spirits) 1 llhyu-
chopithecus larvatus, Uahlbom, p. 93.

Hah. Borneo.

The nose in Pennant's figure is artificially prolonged ; and that of
N. recurvus (Vigors), in spirits, was distorted by being pressed against
the side of tho bottle.

7. LASIOPYGA.

Nose moderate. Orbits large. Body robust. Limbs strong, of nearly
eq\ial length ; the upper and lower arm-bones of nearly equal
length ; thumb perfect, short. " The spinous process of the seventh
cervical vertebra as long as that of the first dorsal." — DaJdbom.

Lasiopyga, It/u/er; Pygathrix, Geoff.; both from a defective skin with
the callosities destroyed. Lasiopyga, Dahlbom, p. 83.

Lapsiopyga nemeus. The Douc. B. M.

Done, Huffm, II. N. xix. p/298, t. Simia nemeus, Gmelin. Sem-
nopithecus nemeus, F. Cuv. Mamm. lath. t. Lasiopyga nemeus,
IUic/cr. Pygathrix nemeus, Geoff.

Ilab. Cochin China.

8. SEMNOPITHECUS.

Noso moderate; nostrils lateral. Orbits largo. Body slender ; the
arms much shorter than the legs ; thumbs moderate, small, some-
times almost rudimentary ; the forearm-bones short. "The spinous
process of the seventh cervical vertebra half the length of the first
dorsal."

Semnopithecus, F. Cuv. 1821. Presbytis, Fschscholtz, 1821.

1. Head with short rellcxed hairs.

a. Whiskers elongated, acute, expanded. 1.

6. Whiskers short. 2, 3.

2. Head with short hair diverging from a central point. 4, f>, G.

3. Head with a broad crest of oroct hairs across tho forehead.

7, 8, 9.

4. Head with a longitudinal, compressed crest of long hairs.

10, 11, 12, 13, 14.

14 8IMIADJJ.

* The hairs on the crown of the head parted in front, lying down and

directed backwards.

1. Semnopitliecus leucopryranus. B. M.

Ashy brown ; hands, feet, and outside of limbs darker ; loins and
rump white ; whiskers elongato, expanding-, grey ; crown with ro-
ilexed hairs, parted in front. Adult — fur very soft, Huffy.

Buffon, Supp. vii. t. 21. Cercopithecua ? leucoprymnus, Otto, Nov.
Acta Acad. Nat. Cur. xii. p. 505. Semnopitliecus leucoprymnus,
Desm. S. Nestor, Bennett, P. Z. S. 1833, p. 07, B. M. ! S. fulvo-
griseus, Desmoid. S. dentatus, Shaw. Cercopithecus latibarbatus,
Geoff. S. porpbyrops, Link. Presbytia cephalopterus, Gray,
List M. B. M. 4 ! Cercopithecus cephalopterus, Zimm.

Hub. Ceylon, Kelaart.

2. Semnopitliecus cucullatus.

Black-brown ; chest, whiskers, and upper part of throat pale-
brown ; base of tail grey ; head grizzled, with long rcflexed hairs.

Semnopitliecus cucullatus, 7s. Geoff. Zool. Belanger, t. i. (Malabar).
S. bypoleucus, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiii. t. 70. S. jubatus, Wagner,
Schreb. Supp. i. 307.

Hah. India : Malabar.

3. Semnopitliecus obscurus. 13. M.

Ashy brown ; underside of body and front of the thighs darker ;
hands black ; forehead blackish ; hair of the crown rcflexed.

Semnopitliecus obscurus, lieid, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 14 ! Is. Geoff] S. al-
bocinereus, Desm. S. leucomystax, Temm. S. halouifer, Cantor !
S. albocinei-eus, Eydoux.

Hah. Malacca?

** Hairs on the crown of the head diverging from a central point and lying

down. Entellus.

4. Semnopitliecus Johnii. E. M.

Ashy brown; underside of the body, sides, crown, and occiput
testaceous ; forearms and hands black.

Simia Johnii, Fischer. Semnopitliecus Johnii, Martin ! S. Dussu-
mieri, Is. Geoff. Arch, du Mas. ii. t. 30.

Ilab. India : Malabar.

5. Semnopithecus entellus. 15. M.

Fur pale fulvous or grey, especially on the back and tail ; hands
and feet blackish. Hair of crown radiating from a central spot on
the forehead, projecting. Face black.

Var. 1. Hands and feet black ; head light greyish ; fur rather
rigid. B. M.

8. SEMNOPITHECUS. 15

Simla entellus, Dufreme, 1797. Semnopitkecus entellus, F. Cuv.
Mamm. Lith. ; Sykes !

Hab. Bombay, Sykes.

Var. 2. Hands and feet black ; bead and more or less of the
upper part of tbe neck white ; fur rather rigid. B. M.

Hab. Nepal, Hodgson.

Var. 3. Hands and feet whitish ; head and body whitish ; fur
soft. 13. M.

Hab. India.

G. Semnopitliecus albipes.

Brownish grey ; head fulvous ; beneath whitish ; tail brownish
grey ; eyebrows and hands dull fulvous grey ; the fingers white ; feet
dull yellowish wbite.

Semnopitliecus pallipes, Elliot; Bh/th, Ann. SfMaq. N. H. 1844, p.
312. S. albipes, /. Geoff. Cat. 14 ; Arch, du Mm. v. p. 57G.

Hab. Southern India : Madras. Distinct from S. entellus of Ben-
gal.

*** Hairs on the crown of the head standing up, those of the front part
bending forward. Semnopitkecus.

7. Semnopitliecus maurus. The Loutou. B. M.

Deep uniform black ; crest well marked ; base of hairs yellow.
Hairs on the crown standing up and bent forward in front. Young
pale yellow ; the hands first become blackish.

Queuon negre, Buffon, II. N. Supp. vi. p. 83, t. Simla maura, Sehreb.
(not Baffles). Cercopitbecus maurus, Geoff. Semuopithecus
maurus, F. Cuv. Mamm. Lith. t. S. cristatus, Dahlbom.

Var. or Female. Golden or reddish-yellow.

Cercopitbecus auratus, Geoff. Semuopilbecus auratus, Desmoid. ; I.
Geoff. S. pyrrkus, Ilorsf. Java, t.

Hab. Java.

8. Semuopithecus cristatus. The Chinghau. B. M.

Fur black, grizzled or washed with greyish white. Hairs of the
head standing up and bent forward in front. Young yellow.

Simia cristata, Baffles, Linn. Trans, xiii. p. 244 ! Semnopitkecus cris-
tatus, Is. Geoff. S. pruinosus, Desm. S. maurus, Dahlbom, not
I. Geoff.

Var. Fur light-grey or whitish colour. — Raffles, I. c. p. 245.
Hab. Sumatra, Raffles.

Dr. Dahlbom, by mistake, describes this as all black, and#. maurus
as white-grizzled.

16

SIMIAD7K.

9. Semnopithecus femoralis. The Lotong. B. M.

Hair of head short, erect, spreading. Fur greyish black, beneath
grey ; stripe down the chest and belly, and the inside of the thighs
and lower part of tho belty, white (female, B. M.).

? Young. Whito ; middle of crown, nape, back, and upper surface of
tho tail black. B. M.

Lotong, Simia maura ? Raffles, Linn. Trans, xiii. p. 247. ! ? Semno-
pithecus chrysomelas, Sol.f Mutter, Verhand.ia. 1011. S. femoralis,
Martin, Mag. N. H. 1838, p. 436 !

Hab. Singapore, Wallace ; Borneo, Sol., Mutter. B. M.

**** Hair of the crown long, forming a compressed longitudinal crest.

Presbytia.

10. Semnopithecus frontatus. B. M.

Blackish ; shoulders and back browner ; spot on ccntro of foro-
head white ; end of tail whitish ; crest compressed.

Semnopithecus frontatus, Sol., Midler, Vcrhand. ! Is. Geoff. ; Martin,
Mamm. i. p. 475, f. 28/5 !

Hub. Borneo.

11. Semnopithecus mitratiis. The Soulili. B.M.

Blackish ashy ; head and crest, and upper surface of the tail, black;
throat, chest, inside of limbs, belly, and underside of tail white ;
crest compressed.

Presbytis mitrata, Eschscholtz, Reise,\). 196, t. Semnopithecus comat.ua,
Desm. S. mitratus, Sol, Midler, Verh. p. 160, t. 12* ! Is. Geoff.

Hab. Java.

" The hinder upper grinder without the fifth tubercle." — Blainv.

12. Semnopithecus siamensis. B. M.

Brownish ashy; chin, throat, underside of the body, inside of the
legs, and back part of the thighs whitish ; forehead browner ; crest
compressed, rather darker ; hands, feet, and upper and lower surface
of the tail black.

Semnopithecus chlorous, Gray, List Mamm. II. M. ! S. siamensis, S.
Midler $• Sehlegel. S. nigrimanus, Is. Geoff. Arch, du Mm, ii. p. 62.

Hab. Malay Islands.

13. Semnopithecus melalophus. The Simpac. B. M.

Fur ferruginous ; outside of limbs bright red ; back of thighs
fulvous ; the compressed crest and two streaks on the head black.

Simia melalophus, Raffles ! Semnopithecus melalophus, F. Cuv.
Mamm. Lith. t. S. tlavimanus, Is. Geoff. • Lesson, Cent. Zool. t. 40.

Var. 1. Back and shoulders ferruginous, blackish-washed ; front
of forearms blackish ; arms, legs, and haunches bright fulvous. B. M.

9. COLOBUS. 17

Var. 2. Back ferruginous, black-washed ; front of tlio forearms,
legs, and haunches bright fulvous. B. M.

Hah. Sumatra, Raffles.

14. Sernnopithecus nobilis. B. M.

Bright reddish fulvous ; crown with a compressed blackish crest
and a dark streak on each side ; limbs and tail rather brighter.

Presbytia nobilis, Gray, Ann. 8f Mag. N. II. x. p. 250, 1842 !

llah. Sumatra.

May be only a very bright high-coloured variety of tho former ;
but the shoulders aro not grey.

15. Sernnopithecus rubicundus. The Kalasle. B. M.

Dark red brown ; limbs and end of tail darker ; whiskers and
upper part of throat pale red. Crest compressed.

Sernnopithecus rubicundus, Sal. Midler, Vcrh. i. p. Gl, t. 9, 1. 11 ! Is.
Geoff.

llah. Borneo.

See a. Sernnopithecus ollvaceus, Wagn., Schrcb. Supp. i. 309.

b. S. latibarbatus, Temm. Fulvous-brown or yellow. Crown,
cheeks, and tip of the tail testaceous. Thumb of hand com-
plete. Hah. ? in Mus. Paris.

c. S. Phayrei, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 733, t. 20. Arracan.

d. 8. Barbel, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 734. Arracan.

e. S. albocinereus, Cantor, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 174; xvi. p. 733.
Malacca.

f. S. pileatus, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 174 ; xiv. p. 735, t. 20.
f. 2.

g. 8. Anchlses, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiii. p. 704.

9. COLOBUS.

Body robust. Cheek-pouches none. Orbit rather small. Hand
with four fingers. Thumb abortive. Stomach sacculated. — Owen,
P. Z. S. 1841, p. 84. llah. Africa,

Colobus, Illigcr, 1811.

1. Crown crested ; whiskers elongated, expanded. Species 1.

2. Crown of head and sides of the face and throat with elongated
hairs forming a mane ; tail-end slightly tufted. 2, 3.

3. Crown of head with refiexed hairs ; hair of forehead, sides
of face, and chin long, expanded. 4.

4. Crown of the head with refiexed hair, rather radiated in front
of forehoad ; circumference of faco and chin smooth. 5.

5. Crown of tho head with short refiexed hair, with two whirls in
front, and a low, narrow, central, erect, longitudinal crest. 0.

1. Colobus Satanas. The Black Colobus. B. M.

Black ; hair long, coarse ; of crown and sides of the face elongated,

c

18 SIMIADiE.

crisp, forming a broad, high, spreading crest, with the tips curved for-
wards.

Colohus Satanas, Waterhouse, P. Z. S. 1838, p. 68 !
Hob. Fernando Po, 0. Knapp.

2. Colohus polycomus. The King Monkey. B. M.

Black ; hair on sides of the body very long, abundant ; of forehead,
circumference of face, and mane whitish ; tail white.

King Monkey, Perm. Quad. p. 46. Shnia polycomos, Schreb. Cebua
polycomus, Zimm. Colohus polycomos, Geoff. S. comosa, S/iaw.
Cercopithecus comosus. Lair. Ateles comatus, Geoff. S. tctradac-
tyla, Link, Beitr. i. p. 62.

Var. Tail all white ; mano greyish. B. M.

Colohus ursinus, Oyilby, P. Z. S. 1835, p. 98 !

Hob. Fernando Po, G. Knapp ; Sierra Leone, Whitfield.

3. Colohus angolensis. B. M.

Black ; hair of sides elongate ; the mane of long hairs on sides of:
throat, and the end of the tail, white.

Colohus angolensis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 245 !

Hub. Angola. A flat skin without head or feet.

It differs from G. polycomus in the chest and two thirds of tho
lower portion of the tail being black.

4. Colobus bicolor. B.M.'

Black, shining ; hair long, silky, of forehead, circumference of the
face, and chin elongate, white ; tail white ; haunches grey.

Somnopithecus bicolor, Wesmael, Bull. Acad. Brux. 1835. S. vollo-
rosus, Is. Geoff. lttlang. Voy. p. 37, 1836. Colohus leucomeros,
Oyilby, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 69 ! Martin, Hid. Mamm. p. 497 ! C. vel-
lerosus, Is. Geoff.

Hab. West coast of Africa.

5. Colobus ferruginea. The Bay Colobus. B M.

Fur short, blackish grey ; sides of neck, cheek, throat, the fore
and hind legs, and feet red bay; base of tail above and nape reddish.
Var. 1 . Fur sooty grey, the red colour paler, duller.

Colohus Temminckii, Kuhl, 1820 ; Desm. Mamm. p. 53. Bay Monkey,
Pennant, Quad. i. p. 218. C. ferruginea, Lesson. Simia ferruginea,
Shaiv, Zool. i. p. 59 ; F. Cuv. C. ferruginosus, Geoff. Ann. du Mm.
xix. ; Martin, Mamm. i. p. 498 ! C. fuliginosus, Qyilby, P. Z. S.
1835, p. 97 !

Var. 2. rufoniyer. The black and red moro intense, and bright ;
tail black, red near tho base.

Colohus rufonigor, Oyilby, MS. ; Martin, Quad. i. p. 500 !

11. MIOPITHECUS. 19

Var. 3. Pennantii. Like var. 2, but feet and tail blacker ; no red on
the nape.

Colobus Penuantii, iVaterhouse, P. Z. S. 1838, p. 57 ! Martin, Quad. i.
p. 501 !

Hub. West Africa : Gambia, Rendall.

Thcso specics]wcrc described from flat furriers' skins ; but the largo
scries of skins a7id more perfect specimens show that they are only
varieties, in intensity of colour, of tho samo species — tho Bay
Monkey of Pennant. Tho thumb varies in dovelopmont ; sometimes
it has a claw.

G. Colobus cristatus. 13. M.

Fur short, yellow brown ; front part of body, shoulders, and
outside of the fore legs greyer ; throat, chest, belly, inside of limbs
and feet greyish white. Hair of crown short, reflexed, with two
streaks in front, and with a naiTOW, erect, longitudinal crest behind.

Colobus cristatus, Gray, Ann. <§■ Mag. N. II. 18GG !

Hab. West Africa.

See Colobus verm, Van Eeneden, Bull. Acad. Brux. v. p. 311,
1838. Head, neck, back, and base of the tail olive-brown,
hairs all finely ringed with black ; nape, and above and below
the callosities, dark brown ; tail long, grey, darker at the tip.
Body and limbs strong ; index finger six or eight lines shorter
than the middlo one. Hab. Africa. Mus. Paris.

10. GUEREZA.

Nostrils rather wide apart. Back with a lino of long pendulous
hair, forming a kind of mantlo. Thumb rudimentary. Tail-end
tufted. Hob. Africa.

Guereza RuppeUii. The Guereza. B. M.

Black ; end of tail, hair round the face, and of the mantlo white.

Colobus guereza, Riippell, Fauna Alnjss. t. 1 I
llab. Abyssinia, Riippell ; West Africa, Thompson.

Tribe IV. CERCOPITIIECINA.

Head round or oblong. Nostrils on the slope of the face, separated
by a narrow septum. Hands and feet short, broad. Thumb large.
Stomach simple. Hab. Africa.

a. Head rounded. Face short. Last lower grinder with three or four

tubercles.

11. MIOPITHECUS.

Head globular. Whiskers straight, rather rigid, bent downwards.
Body and limbs slender. Hands long ; fingers united at the baso ;

c2

20 SIMIADJE.

thumb large. Eyes and ears very large. Nose rather prominent.
Septum thick. Nostrils oblong, open, rather lateral. Skull large,
enlarged above the orbits ; face very short ; orbits large. Hub. Africa.

Miopithecus, Is. Geoff. Arch, du Mus. ii. p. 549, 1843 ; Duhlbom, p. 99.

Miopithecus talapoin. The Talapoin. B. M.

Fur above olive-green, beneath whitish ; face black ; upper lip
yellow, with scattered black hairs ; orbits orange ; eyebrows whitish ;
whiskers short, pale golden yellow.

Talapoin, JBuffbn, II. N. xiv. t. 40; Mamm. Lith. t. Simia tala-
poin, Schreb. Cercopithecus talapoin, Er.vl. Miopithecus talapoin,
Is. Geoff. Arch, da Mus. ii. p. 549. C. melarhinus, Schinz, i. p. 47.
M. capillatus, 7. Geoff.

(Discoloured.) Cercopithecus pileatus, Desm. (Mus. Paris), not Shaw.

Hub. West Africa.

12. CERCOPITHECUS.

Head rounded. Face short ; cheek -pouches large ; whiskers
rounded, soft. Hands short; thumb well developed. Eur black, more
or less yellow-ringed. The last lower grinder with four tubercles.
Hab. Africa.

Guenon, Buffon. Cercopithecus, part., Er.vl.

a. Nose blue; whiskers yellow. Species 1.

b. Nose covered with white hairs. 2, 3, 4, 5, G.

c. Nose and ears covered with red hairs. 7.

d. Nose coloured like the body.

* Haunches with a white streak. 8, 9.
** Haunches with a white spot. 10.
*** Haunches without streak or spot.

t Head with a black temple-streak. 11, 1 1*, 12.
ft Head without any black streak. 13, 14, 15.

1. Cercopithecus cephus. The Moustache. B. M.

Olive-green, yellow-dotted ; throat and beneath grey ; temples and
face black ; whiskers yellow ; nose with a large triangular blue mark ;
hands and feet blackish.

Monetae, Buffon, II. N. xiv. t. 39; F. Cuv. Mamm. Lith. t. ? Si-
mia cophiis, Linn. Cercopithecus cephus, Er.vl.

Adult. Front of crown reddish. B. M.

Ilab. West Africa.

2. Cercopithecus petaurista. The White-cheeked Hocheur. B.M.

Fur olive-green, yellow-dotted ; face black ; nose-spot small, sub-
trigonal, white ; checks, chin, and under parts of body, inside of
legs, and imderside of tail white.

12. CERCOPITHECUS. 21

Blanc-nez, Buff. Supp. vii. p. 07. Simia petiiurista, Schrcb. Cerco-
pithecus petaurista, Erxl. Ascagne, F. Cuv. Mamm. Lith. t. S.
Ascanius, Lair, Lesser While-nosed Monkey, Bennett, Zool.
Gard. fig. !

Bab. Africa : Guinea.

3. Cercopithecus melanogenys. The Black-cheeked Hocheur. B.M.

Fur olive, minutely yellow-grizzled, greyish beneath ; nose-spot
cordate, white ; forehead, cheeks, hands, and feet black ; temples
whitish..

Var. Tail more rufous. B. M.

Cercopithecus melanogenys, Gray, Ann. fy Mag. N. II. 1845 I Proc.
Zool Soc. 1849, p. 7, t. 9. f. 1 !

Hab. West Africa.

4. Cercopithecus Martinii. The. Blackish Uocheur. B. M.

Fur blackish, minutely whito-dottcd; nose-spot ovate, white, narrow
above ; chest grey ; temple, crown, arms and legs, inside and out,
and end of tail black.

Cercopithecus Martinii, Watcrhouse, P. Z. S. 1838, p. 58 1 1841, p. 71 !

Hab. Fernando To.

5. Cercopithecus nictitans. The Uocheur. B. M.

Fur black ; back minutely yellow-grizzled ; beneath black ; nose-
spot hairy, white.

„ Hocheur, Audcb. ; F. Cuv. Mamm. Lith. t. Winking Monkey,
Pennant ; Guenon a nez blanc, Buffbn, II. N. Supp. vii. t. 18 ; F.
Cuv. Mamm. Lith. t. Simla nictitans, Linn. Cercopithecus
nictitans, Erxl. Lasiopyga nictitans, Illiyer.

Hab. Fernando Po ; Guinea.

G. Cercopithecus ludio. The White-chested Hocheur. B. M.

Fur black, closely grey-grizzled ; chin, chest, and inside of upper
arms white ; temple, nape, shoulders, and outer and inner side of
limits and end of tail black ; nose- spot oblong, higher than broad,
white.

Cercopithecus ludio, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1849, p. 8, t. 9. f. 2.

Hub. West Africa ; Central Africa, Balfour Baikie.

7. Cercopithecus erythrotis. The Bed-eared Monkey. B. M.

Fur black, very minutely grizzled with grey ; chin, throat, and
chest white ; nose, cars, and all, except the middle, of the upper-

22 SIMIADJE.

side of the tail red bay ; face, temples, and limbs black ; cheeks
white.

Cercopithecus erythrotis, Waterhousc, P. Z. S. 1838, p. 59 !
Uab. Fernando Po.

8. Cercopithecus Diana. The Diana. B. M.

Chin with a narrow white beard ; fur black, minutely white-
grizzled ; the broad dorsal streak and rump baj'; frontal band, cheeks,
chin, throat, chest, front of shoulders, inside and back of thighs,
and streak across the haunches white ; face, tail, and outside of hind
legs and wrists black.

Simia Diana, Linn. ; Audeb. t. G. Cercopithecus Diana, Erxl. C.
diadema. Kuhl.

Var. ignita (adult). Back cdgo and innor side of thighs bright red
bay. B. M.

Hab. West Africa.

See C. roloway, Fischer, Syn. Mamm. p. 20. Above deep brown,
nearly black; head, sides, thighs, and legs "dull grey;
frontal band and chin-beard white ; throat, chest, belly, and
inside of thighs yellowish white.

I

9. Cercopithecus leucocampyx. TJie Diadem. B. M.

Fur grey brown, minutely grey-grizzled ; underside of body black ;
crown, outside of limbs, and all but base of tail black ; front edge of
thighs and band across haunches whitish.

Simia leucocampyx, F. Cuv. Mamm. Lith. t. Cercopithecus leu-
cocampyx, Martin. C. diadematus, Is. Geoff". Voy. Peking. C. *
dilophus, Tcmm. La Diana, F. Cuv. Mamm. Lith. t.

Hal. Africa : White Nile.

10. Cercopithecus mona. The Mone. B.M.

Fur blackish olivo, minutely yellow-grizzled ; tail nnd outside of;
limbs black ; chest, belly, inside of limbs, and spot on rump whitish ;
streak from oyebrows to base of cars black.

Adult. Darker, and moro brightly coloured; frontal band indistinct.

B. M.

Mone, Puffon, II. N. xiv. p. 258, t. 3G. Supp, vii. 1. 19. Cercopithecus
mona, Erxl, Simia mona, Schreb. S. monacha, Schreb.

Var. Monella. Smaller, paler ; beneath whiter ; frontal band di-
stinct ; no black streak from eyebrows to ears. B. M.

Hab. Senegal. \.

See Cercopithecus Grayi, Fraser, Catalogue Knowsley Collection,
Aug. 1850. " Very closely allied to C. mona, and differs in

12. CERC0P1THECUS. 23

having a yellowish-white spot over each eye, and a hlack
stripe on each side of the head from eye to ear. Up the
centre of the forehead runs a darkish stripe, each hair being
annotated Avith hlack and greenish-yellow. There are no
white spots on the crupper. Ilab. West Africa."

11. Cercopithecus pogonias. TJie Bearded Monkey. B. M.

Fur greyish brown, minutely groy-grizzled ; streak from eyoto oar,
broad streak on hack, hands and feet, and end of tail hlack ; fore-
head, whiskers, small moustache, and underside of body and outside
of limbs yellowish.

Var. With tho broad dorsal streak only rather blackish. B. M.

Cercopithecus pogonias, Bennett, P. Z. S. 1833, p. G7 ! Martin, i.
p. 543, f. 198 !

J fab. West Africa : Fernando Po, Thompson.

11*. Cercopithecus Erxlebenii. B. M.

Fur olive-brown, minutely grizzled with yellow ; chest and under-
paid of body, inside of limbs, and sides of the forehead yellow ;
limbs, a broad streak from the eye to the ear, and end of tail
black ; ears with a red or yellow pencil.

Var. Erxlebenii. Back rather blacker behind; underside of tail
yellowish. B. M.

Cercopithecus Erxlebenii, Dahlbom and Pucheran, Rev. ct Magasin
dc Zoologic, 1856, p. 90 ; 1857, p. 190 ; Dahlbom, Zooloyisha Studio;
p. 109, t. 5.

Var. niyripes (or adult). Back with a broad black streak ; under-
side of tail reddish. B. M.

Cercopithecus nigripes, Du Chaillu, Proc. Boston. N. II. Soc. ii. 1800,
p. 300 !

Ilab. West Africa : Fernando Po, Thompson ; Gaboon, Du
Chaillu.

12. Cercopithecus Pluto. The Black-bellied Monkey.

Fur black, very closely grey-grizzled ; frontal band whito ; sides of
forehead, shoulders, chest and limbs, and end of tail black ; under-
side of body and inside of thighs reddish black.

Cercopithecus Pluto, Gray, P. Z. B. 1848, p. 50, t. 3 1

Youmj. Back, head, and nape black, P. Z. S. 1848, t. 3 ! B. M.

Ilab. Angola.

See C. labiatus, Is. Geoff. Arch, du Mus. ii., 1842; and var.
from Port Natal, Is. Geoff. Cat. p. 20.

24 simiad^.

13. Cercopithecus Campbellii. B. M.

Blackish olive, yellow-washed ; throat, thighs, belly, and inside of
limbs whitish ; forehead and crown yellow-varied ; feet and outside
of limbs and tail black.

Cercopithecus Campbellii, Waterh. T. Z. 8., 1838, p. 01 ! Martin, i.
p. 544! C. Burnettii, Gray, Ann. # Mag. N. II. 1842, p. 250 !

Var. or adult. Larger, sides of the forehead yellow. B. M.

Var. Tail greyish in the middle of its length.

Hal. West Africa : Sierra Leone ; Fernando Po, Thompson,

14. Cercopithecus albogularis. B. M.

Fur olive black, yellow-washed and yellow-grizzled ; throat,
chest, and inside of thighs white ; outside of limbs and end of tail
blackish ; tail like back at base, above and beloAV.

Semnopithecus ? albogularis, Sykes, P. Z. S. 1831, p. 105 ! Cerco-
pithecus albogularis, Owen, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 18 ! C. monoides, Is.
Geoff. Arch, du Mas. ii. p. 31.

Hal. East Africa.

Like C. niona, but of a different colour below, and without the white
streaks on the sides.

15. Cercopithecus samango.

Fur black, grey-grizzled ; throat, chest, and inside of the thighs
yellowish white ; outside of the limbs, and tip of the tail, blackish ;
base and underside of tail whitish.

Cercopithecus samango, Sundevall, K. Vetcnsk. Akad. Forh. 1844,
p. 100; Ilornschuch, Arch. Slumd. Beitr. 1844, p. 179.

Hal. South Africa.

Very like C. albogularis, but grey, not washed with yellow, and
tail white below.

See C. lumdatus, Tcmm. Esq. Zool. Guinea, p. 37.

13. CHL0R0CEBUS.

ITcad oval. Face rather produced. Whiskers rigid, directed back-
wards. Fur grizzled; hairs annulated, greenish or reddish.

When alive the scrotum is green in O. salwus and O. pygerythrus,
blue in O. cynosurus ; but these colours are not seen in the preserved
skins ; therefore the colour of the scrotum of some of the species de-
scribed)from stuffed skins is not known — as C. Lalandii, G. Werneri.

" I. Face moderate, narrow in front, black. Chlorocelus.

1. Furred; frontal band black. Species 1.

2. Fur greenish ; frontal band none, or white.

13. CHLOROCEBUS. 25

a. Anal region ferruginous ; frontal band yellow. 2, 3.

b. Anal region grey; frontal band narrow or indistinct. 4,5.

II. Face large, broad in front, llcsb-colourcd ; fur greenish;
frontal band distinct. Cynocebus. G.

* Face moderate, narrow in front, black. Cblorocebus.

1. Cblorocebus ruber. The Patas. B. M.

Fur red ; nose, frontal band, shoulders, and outside of the aims
blackish.

Patas a bandeau noir, Buffon, II. N. xiv. t. 25. Simia ruber, Gmelin.
S. patas, Schreber. S. rufa, Schrcbcr. Cercopithecus ruber, Kulil ;
Geoff. ; F. Cuv. Mamm. lath. t.

Var. or younger. Sboulders and outside of arms red. B. M.

C. pyrrhonotus, Ehrenb. Sym. Phi/s. t.

Hab. West Africa : Senegal. North Africa.
The colour becomes brighter, and the shoulders and arms greyer,
in adult age. ^

2. Chlorocebus pygerythrus. The Black -chinned Vervet. B.M.

Fur greyish green, minutely punctuated with black ; face, hands,
feet, and end of tail black ; cheek, throat, and underside of body
reddish white ; front of legs like back ; scrotum green ; anal region
and baso of tail red.

Young. Hands and feet grey ; very young, blackish. B.M.

Simia pygerythra, F. Cuv. Mamm. Lith. t. Cercopithecus pygery-
thrus, Desm. C. subviridis, F. Cuv. C. pygerythrus, Geoff'.

Ilab. South Africa : Capo of Good Hope, Andreiv Smith.

Sec 0. Lalandii, Is. Geoff. Arch, du Mus. ii. t. Grey ; tail and
sides olive. Hob. South Africa : Caffraria.

3. Chlorocebus rufo-viridis. B. M.

Fur yellow grey, minutely black-dotted ; crown, tail, outside
of limbs and thighs blacker ; throat, underside of body, and in-
side of limbs white ; anal region and base of tail red.

? Cercopithecus rufo-viridis, Is. Geoff". Arch, du Mus. ii. p. 6G4, t. 32,
1841. C. erythrarchus, Peters, Monats. Prcus. Akad. Berlin, 1851,
p. 75G ; Mossambique, t. 1 .

Ilab. Mossambique.

4. Chlorocebus sabaous. The Oallitlirix.

Fur black and yellow mixed ; crown, hands, and upper part of
base of tail blacker ; frontal band none or very narrow ; whiskers,
throat, and underside and end of tail yellowish white ; feet blackish ;
vent and base of tail grey ; scrotum green.

2Q 8IMIAD2E.

Callithrix, Buff on, H. N. xiv. t. 37. Simia sabsous, Linn. ; Ediv.
Gleanings, t. 215. Cercopithecus Babasus, Erxi. 0. viridis, Harm.
C. callitrichus, I. Geoff. Cat. p. 23.

Var. Frontal band very narrow, but well marked. B. M.

Hah. "West Africa : Capo do Verd. Naturalized, St. Jago.

5. Chlorocebus engythithea. The Grivet or Tota. B. M.

Fur olive-green, dotted with yellow and black ; broad frontal
band, elongated spreading wbiskers, the chin, and lower parts white ;
vent and baso of tail grey ; scrotum green.

Simia sabams, Linn. Grivet, F. Cuv. Mamm. Lith. t. Cercopi-
thecus sabams, Is. Geoff. ? Simia engythithea, Ilerm. Cer-
copithecus engythithea, Gray, List Mamm. B. M. ! ? C. griseo-
viridis, Desin. ? C. cano-viiidis, Itilppell, Faun. Abyss, t. Y C.
subviridis, F. Cuv. Mamm. Lith. ? C. cinereo-viridis, 'l'emm. Mas.
Leijd. (B. M.). ? C. griseus, Lesson.

Hob. Abyssinia ; Scnnaar.

The older specimens are much darker than the young.

** Face large, broad in front, flesh-coloured ; fur greenish ; frontal band

distinct. Cynocebus.

G. Chlorocebus cynosurus. The Mallroucl: B. M.

Fur yellowish, grizzled with black ; frontal band, whiskers, throat,
belly, inside of limbs, and underside of tail whitish ; face pale ;
muzzle very thick and broad ; lips Avhitish ; scrotum dark blue ; vent
reddish.

Malbrouck, Buffon, II. N. xiv. p. 240, t. 29. Simia faunus, Linn. ? S.
cynosurus, Scopoli, Delic. t. 19. Cercopithecus cynosurus, Geoff.
C. tephrops, Bennett, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 109 !

Ilab. West Africa.

See

a. Cercopithecus ochraceus, Peters, Monats. Akad. Berl. 1851,

p. 750 ; Mossambique, t. 1 a.

b. C.jlavidus, Peters, Monats. Akad. Berl. 1851, p. 757; Mos-

sambiquo, t. 1 u. u

c. C. rufoniger, Is. Geoff. Arch, du Mus. ii. p. 32.

d. C. Werneri, Is. Geoff. Arch, du Mus. v. t. 27.

e. C. chrysurus, Blyth, Ann. & Mag. N. II. 1845, p. 461.

f. C. Tantalus, Ogilby, P. Z. S. 1841, p. 33.

B. Head oblong. Face more or less produced. Last lower grinder with five

tubercles.

14. CERCOCEBUS.

Whiskers small, indistinct. Eyebrows prominent. Eyelids white.
The fifth grinder of upper jaw with five tubercles.

14. CERCOCEBUS. 27

Cercooebus, Geoff. 1812 ; Gray, List Mamm. B. M. 1841. ^Etbiops,
Martin, Quail. 1841.

I. Hair of crown directed backwards. Cercocebus.

a. Blackish, with dorsal streak and crown-spot white. 1.

b. Black, rather pale beneath. 2.

c. Black crown ; red collar ; throat white. 3.

II. Hair of head elongated, forming a compressed crest behind.

Semnoccbus. 4.

* Crown with rcjlcxed hairs not forming a crest. Cercocebus.

1. Cercocebus aethiops. The White-crowned Mangabey. B. M.

Blackish grey ; narrow dorsal streak, crown, and feet blacker ;
ispot on back of crown, throat, chest, and beneath and inside of
limbs whitish.

Simia rcthiops, Linn. Cercocebus sethiops, Gray, List Mamm. B. M-
7 ! Is. Geoff. C. Crossii, Clark, MS.

Ilab. Africa.

2. Cercocebus fuliginosus. The Sooty Mangabey. B. M.

Fur sooty black ; chin and beneath ashy ; feet and tail blacker ;
hair of crown directed backwards.

Mangabey (sans collier), Buffon, II. N. xiv. t. 32. Simia cethiops, var.,
Schreb. S. fuliginosa, F. Cuv. Cercopitbecus fuliginosus, Kuhl;
Geoff. Cercocebus fidiginosus, Gray, List Mamm. B. M. p. 7.

Albino. 'Simia Atys, Audcb. iv. § 2. t. 8 (Mus. Paris). Cercopitbecus
Atys, Desm. Cercocebus Atys, Geoff.

Ilab. West Africa. Mauritius, introduced and naturalized.

3. Cercocebus coUaris. The White-collared Mangabey. B.M.

Blackish grey ; cheeks, collar, throat, and chest white ; crown
bay.

Mangabey a collier blanc, Buffon, II. N. xiv. t. 33. P Cercopitbecus
setliiops, Kuhl. P Simia sethiops, Linn. Cercopitbecus ajtbiopicus,
F. Cuv. Pitbecus aethiops, Blainv. Ost. t. 10. Cercocebus collaris,
Gray, List Mamm. B. M. p. 7 ! Is. Geoff. C. mangabey, Geoff.
White-eyelid Monkey, Perm.

Var. Tail-end white. B. M.

Ilab. West Africa.

** 77ic crown with elongated hairs forming a compressed crest.

Semnocebus.

4. Cercocebus albigena.

Black ; hair of crown elongated, forming a compressed nuchal
crest ; sides of throat greyish.

28 S1M1ADJE.

Semnopithecus ? albigena, Gray, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 77, t. 1(5 ! Cerco-
cebuB albigena, Pucheran, Rev. Zool. 1857, p. 241.

Hub. Africa, Da Chaillu.

15. MACACUS.

Head rounded. Face elongate. Eyebrows prominent, becoming
more so with age. Tail cylindrical, much longer than tbe body,
pendent, or short, or very short. Hub. Asia.

Pithecus (Macaque), Geoff, and Cuvier, 1799. Macaca, Lacep. 1799.'
Macacu8,Z)esm. Cynocephalus (Macaque), Latreille. Cynopithecus,,
Blainv. Pitbex, Hodyson.

"When young, docile and meek ; when adult, malignant and fero-1
cious. They breed early ; period of gestation seven months ; they
are not completely adidt for four or five years. The genitals of the
females are much dilated and red during the rutting-season.

a. Forehead with diverging hairs divided by a central line ;

crown with a tuft of long radiating hairs ; tail longer than
the body. Species 1.

b. Forehead with short diverging hairs on the side ; crown with

long erect hairs, longer and radiating behind ; tail longer
than the body. 2.

c. Forehead with short reflexed hairs on the sides.

* Middle of forehead and crown with longer hairs, which

form a radiating tuft behind ; tail shorter than the
body. 3.
** Middle of the forehead and crown with very long hair,
forming a compressed crest behind ; tail very short. 4.

d. Forehead and crown with short hair directed forwards, and

with a tuft of short radiating hairs behind ; tail not so long
as the bddy. 5.

e. Forehead and crown with short reflexed hairs.

* Formed into a narrow, low, central, longitudinal crest. 6.
** Not forming any crest.

Tail long. 7, 8.

Tail short: 9, 10. Tail very short : 11.

1. Macacus sinicus. The Manga or Bonnet Macaque. B. M.

Forehead with short diverging hairs, divided by a central line;
crown with a tuft of long radiating hairs ; tail longer than the
body ; ' fur greenish brown, grizzled with yellow rings ; throat,
chest, underside of the body, and front of the thighs whitish.

Bonnet cbinois, Buffon, II. N. xiv. t. 30. Simia siuica, Linn. Cyno-
cephalus sinensis, Latr. Cercopithecus sinicus, Desm. (not Geoff.).
Macacus radiatus, Geoff. (Mhs. Paris).

15. MACACUS. 29

Hab. Madras, Elliot.

Living in populous towns and the wildest jungle; carrying off
fruit and grain from the shops of dealers. — Elliot.

2. Macacus pileatus. The Zati or Capped Macaque. B. M.

Forehead with short diverging hairs on the sides ; crown with
long erect hairs, with a tuft of long radiating hair behind; tail
longer than the body. Fur reddish brown, outer part of thighs
redder ; throat and beneath greyish white.

Guenon couronnee, Buff. Snpp. viii. t. 1G. Simla pileata, Shaw (not
Desm.) ; Bennett, Tower Menag. fig. ? Cercopithecus radiatus,
KM. ? Macacus radiatus, Dcsm. M. siuicus, Gcoffroy (Mus.
Paris).

Adult. Much darker ; haunches, round base of tail, and tail

blackish. B. M.

Var. Pale-grey; crown white ; thighs reddish. B. M.

Hab. India ; Ceylon.

3. Macacus nemestrinus. The Bruh. B. M.

Forehead with short hair on the sides, directed backwards ; mid-
dle of forehead and crown with long hairs, forming a radiating tuft
behind ; tail shorter than the body, slender ; fur dark brown
or blackish, slightly yellow-washed ; crown, nape, loins, arid feet
black.

Young. Pale brown ; crown, nape, and whiskers blackish. B. M.

Pig-tailed Monkey, Edw. Glean, t. 214. Maimon, Bufon, II. N. xiv.

t. 19. Simia nemestrina, Linn. Macacus nemestrinus, Dcsm. S.

carpolegos, Raffles ! S. cristata, Fischer. S. platipygos, Schreb.

S. fusca, Shaw.
Junior ? Babouin a longues jambes, Buffon, Supp. vii. t. 8. S. longi-

cruris, Link.

Hab. Sumatra ; Borneo.

" The intcrdigital membrane between the first phalanges of the
fore and middle finger and the index and middle too occurs in this
species." — Cantor, Cat. Mamm. Malay, p. 7.

4. Macacus melanotus. B. M.

Forehead with short hairs on the sides, directed backwards ; middle
of the forehead and crown with long hairs, forming a compressed
crest behind ; tail very short, rudimentary ; fur black, obscurely
and minutely punctuated with yellow ; hairs dark, with a yellow
ring ; crown and crest blacker ; throat, chest, and beneath paler.
Papio melanotus, Oyilby, R Z. S. 1839, p. 31 !

Hab. Madras, Ogilby.

30 SIMIADiE.

See Macacus arctoides, Is. Geoff. Voy. Belanger, and Mag. Zool. iii.
t. 11. Apparently without a crest, and with a very rudi-
mentary tail. Cochin China.

5. Macacus Pelops. B. M.

Forehead and crown with short erect hair, directed forwards in
front, with a tuft of short radiating hairs hehind ; fur pale reddish
brown ; side of neck paler ; cheeks and underside of body yellowish
grey ; tail slender, not so long as the body.

Macacus (Pithex) Pelops, Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Calcutta, xi.
p. 1213 !

Ilah. India: Nepal, Northern Hill, Hodgson.

G. Macacus cristatus. 13. M.

Hair of crown short, reflexed, elevated into a narrow linear cen-
tral longitudinal crest behind ; tail longer than the body ; fur white.
Perhaps an albino.

Hub. ? From a Dutch collection.

See Macacus phUipjpinensis, Is. Geoff. Arch, du Mus. ii. t. 33
(albino). - The hair of the crown is said to bo regular, reflexed,
and parallel. The figure shows no crest, but a rather de-
pressed line on the centre of the head. Hah. Philippines :
Manilla.

7. Macacus cynomolgus. The Kra. B. M.

Forehead and crown with short hairs directed backwards and not
forming a crest ; fur reddish olive, punctuated with black ; the limbs
greyer ; tail black, longer than the body, a lino on underside, and
the tip, grey.

Macaque a aigrette, flirffon, H. N. xiv. t. 20, 21. ? Simia cynomolgus,
Linn. Macacus cj'nomolgus, Desm. Simia fasciculate, Iiajfles !
Macacus Irus, F. Cuv.

Hub. India : Sumatra, Raffles.

Var. or subalbino. Pale reddish yellow beneath. Borneo. B.M.

Albino. Fur white. B. M.

Var. Cumingii. Dark olive, slightly yellow-washed ; frontal band
and tail blackish ; belly and front of thighs whitish ; tail longer
than body. Hab. Philippine Islands. A young specimen, like M. cy-
nomolgus, but much darker. The first phalanges of the fingers and
toes of Macacus cynomolgus, and in some individuals also the second
phalanges of the toes, are united by a membrane. — Cantor, Cat.
Mamm. Malay, p. 6. B. M.

15. MACACUS. 31

8. Macacus assamensis. B. M.

Forehead and crown with short hair directed backwards ; fur grey
brown, varied with the white tips to the longer hairs ; chin and
below whiter ; outside of the shoulders, thighs, and limbs darker
grey ; tail longer than the body.

Macacus assamensis, M' Clellancl, Ilorsf. P. Z. S. 1839, p. 148.

Hah. Siam, Mouhot.

Liko M. cynomolgus, but pale grey, without any red shade. Hors-
field's type is not in tho Museum Collection.
See also

a. Macacus aureus, Is. Geoff. Bclangcr, Voy. Tho hair of tho

crown forms a triangle, edged with whito on the sides, with
black bristles on the eyebrows, the hair of the triangle
directed obliquely ; fur red fulvous, hairs waved and striated ;
outer sides of limbs pale grey ; cheeks, neck, and sides of

the head with long hairs; face ? ? Macacus car-

bonarius, var. pyrrhous, Blyth. ? Simla mulatto-, Shaw.
Hah. India : Bengal, Lcschenault ; Sumatra, Duvaucel. This
cannot bo our pale-yellow Cynomolgus, as tho outsides of
the limbs are liko tho back, but paler.

b. Macacus palpcbrosus, Is. Geoff. Cat. p. 92 ; Arch, du Mus. v.

p. 542, note. Fur brown, olive-washed ; below whito ; crown
reddish ; eyelid and spot on each side, rather below and out-
sido of the eye, white ; tail very long. Ilab. Manilla.

9. Macacus Rhesus. The Rhesus. B. M.

The forehead and crown with short refiexed hair ; fur grey brown,
yellow- washed with the yellow tips to the longer hairs ; sides of
neck, shoulders, and outsides of fore limbs darker grey; haunches
and hinderside of thighs fulvous ; tail shorter than the body, brown
at the end.

Macaque a queue courte, Bnfflon, II. N. Supp. vii. t. 13. Simia
Rhesus, Audeb. t. 1. S. erythrooa, Schreb. Macacus orythrams, Is.
GeojJ'. Voy. lUlany. Simia patas, Link. Macacus Rhesus, Desm.
? M, nipalensis, Hodgson.

Var. M. (Pithex) pelops, Hodgson, lourn. Asiat. Soc. Calcutta, ix.
p. 1212, figure of head.

Hub. India : Bengal, Nepal, Hodgson.

See Macacus cyclopis, Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 18G2, p. 350, t. 42.

Head round ; face flat ; forehead naked ; neck with a ruff-

. like beard ; wbiskcrs dark ; tail short, hairy ; fur thick,

woolly, slate-coloured. Hob. Formosa. Called How-tsze or

Kaou.

10. Macacus speciosus. The Brilliant Macaque. B. M.
Forehead and crown with short reflexed hairs ; fur very fine and

32 SIMIAD-K.

soft, yellowish-brown, rather paler and greyer beneath ; tail cy-
lindrical, hairy, about the length ol' the hands.

Macacus speciosus, F. Cuv. Mamm. Lith. t. Cercopithecus spe-
ciosus, Lesson. Inuus fuscatus, Mus. Leyden. Inuus speciosus,
Temm. Faun. Japon. t. !

Hab. Japan.

" Macacus maurus, F. Cuv. Mamm. Lith. t., is only from a
drawing, and is a very doubtful species." — Is. Geoff. Cat. p. 31.

11. Macacus ochreatus. The Ashy-black Macaque. B. M.

Hair of crown reflcxed. Whiskers, arms, inner side and front
edge of legs grey. Tail very short.

Tapio ochreatus, Ogilby, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 50; Ann. N. IL\l p. 517.
Macacus fusco-ater, Schinz, Syn. Mamm. p. 58. M. ocreatus, Sclater,
P. Z. S. 1800, p. 420, t. 82 ! M. maurus, Mm. Leyden.

Hab. . Skeleton in B. M. ; the skin was destroyed before it

was received.

1G. SILENUS.

Head oblong ; face rather produced. Neck and chest maned.
Tail slender, rather short, ending in a tuft of hair. Fur uniform, not
anuulated. Hab. Asia.
Silenus, Gray; Lesson.

Silenus vetei*. The Wandervo. B. M.

Fur black ; whiskers and mane grey; tuft of the tail, inside of limbs,
and beneath whitish ; tail brown.

Var. Mane white.

Simia Silenus, Linn. S. veter, Linn. Cercopithecus senex, Zimm.
C. vetulus, Erxl. Silenus veter, Gray, List Mamm. B. M. p. 8.
Simia ferox, Shaw. S. leonina, Shaw.

Hob. India : Malabar. Introduced and naturalized in China.

17. INUUS.

Head oblong ; face elongated, rounded, livid, hairy ; crown with
short reflexed hairs. Tail very short, reduced to a tubercle. Hab.
Africa.

Cynocephalus (Magot), Cuvier 8? Geoff. Inuus (Magot), Geoff.
Magus, Lesson, 1827.

Inuus ecaudatus. The Magot. B. M.

Fur yellowish brown, black-varied ; hair black brown, with pale
tips ; underside of body and inside of limbs grey.

19. CYN0PITHECU3. 33

Pitheque, Buffbn, II. N. xiv. 87 ; Sitppl. vii. t. 23. Magot,
Bitffon, II. N. xiv. t. 7, 8, 0. Simia Inuus, Linn. S. vulgaris,
Linn. S. sylvanus, Linn. S. pithocus, Gmel. Macacus Inuus,
I'. Cuo. Inuus ecaudatus, Geoff'. I. pithecus, Geoff. Cat. p. 31.

Hab. North Africa : Egypt ; Barbary ; Morocco. Spain : Gib-
raltar.

Sco Cercopitliecus natator, Fischer, Mem. Mosc. t. G (skull), t. 7
(feet). Tail none ; hinder feet webbed ; brown grey.

18. GELADA.

Head oblong. Face rather produced, rounded. Neck mancd ;
chest naked. Tail cyndrical, moderate, tufted at the end.

Gelada, Gray, Lid Mamm. Ii. M. 1842. Theropithecus, Is. Geoff.
Arch, du Mus. 1843 ; Dahlbom, p. 128. Macacus, R'uppell. Cyno-
ceplialus, Lesson.

Gelada Ruppellii. The Gelada. 13. M.

Face, hands, and callosities deep black; head, whiskers, neck,
and sides sooty grey ; shoulders, back, rump, and forearms black.

Macacus gelada, Iliipp. Faun. Abyss, t. 2. ! Golada Ruppellii, Gray,
List Mamm. Ji. M. p. 5) ! Cynocephalus gelada, Lesson. Theropi-
thecus gelada, Is. Geoff. ; Dahlbom.

JIab. Africa : Abyssinia.

Sec Cynocephalus Wagl&ri, Agassiz, Iris xxi. 861. t i. 2 , 1828.
Face flesh-coloured ; hair ashy on the back, then olive, black-
lipped ; outside of limbs and hands olive, ashy above ; cal-
losities and tuft of tail yellowish ; tail longer than the body.

Hab. ? Described from life. Perhaps the young of

the Grey Baboon (Ehrenbcrg). Considered the female Gelada
by Lesson, Spec. Mamm. p. 103.

19. CYNOPITHECUS.

Head oblong. Face elongated, rounded, black, bald. Nose broad,
flattened behind, nearly to the eyes, sides erect. Crown Avith a
compressed crest. Tail reduced to a tubercle.

Cynopithecus, Is. Geoff. Voy. Bclanr/er, p. 60, 1830. Cynocephalus,
Dahlbom.

Cynopithecus niger. B. M.

Black or blackish grey ; tips of hairs grey.

? I'apio rcthiops, Zimmcrm. Cynocephalus niger, Desm. ; Gray,
Spic. Zool. t. 1 ! Quoy, Voy. Astrol. i. t. G7. C. malayanus, Des-
moid. Simia nigra, Fischer. Cynopithecus niger, Lesson; Is.
Geoff. Macacus niger, Bennett, Guru. Zool. Soc. p. 189, fig. !

Var. Browner or greyer. B. M.

Papio nigrescens, Temm. ! Cynopithecus nigresceus, Is. Geoff.

Hab. Philippines.

i)

34 SIMIAuiH.

M. Quoy thinks that the Macaeus maurus, F. Cuv., iB only described
from a specimen of this species in a had state.

Tribe V. CYNOCEPIIALINA.

Head elongate. Nostrils at the end of the truncated nose. Hands
and feet short. Thumb large. Last lower grinder with five
tubercles. Stomach simple.

20. HAMADRYAS.

Tail ending in a tuft of long hair. Neck and shoulders of the
males largely mancd.

Ilamadryas, Lesson, Cluoropithecus, Lesson.

Hamadryas aegyptiaca. The Tartarin. B.M.

Ashy grey ; whiskers long, slate-coloured ; face and cars flesh-
coloured ; hands black ; callosities large, bright red. Female and
young without the mane.

Simia hamadryas, Linn. S. ajgyptiaca, Ilassclq. S. cynomolgos,
Hasselq. S. robach, Forsk. Cynocephalus hamadryas, Latr. ;
Desm. Tartarin, Biiffon ; Bclon.

Ilab. North Africa; Egypt; Arabia; Abyssinia.

21. CYNOCEPHALUS.

Tail moderate, cylindrical. Neck not mancd.

Bahouin, Buffon. Papio, Erxl. ; Cuv. §• Geoff. Cynocephalus, Lacep.

Clueropitheeus, Blainv.

1. Hands black ; nape crested. Species 1.

2. Hands like back.

a. Napo crested. 2.

6. Nape not crested. 3, 4.

1. Cynocephalus porcarius. The Chacma. B.M.

Fur greyish black ; head, tail, hands, and feet black. Crest elon-
gated, slender.

Simia porcaria, Bodd. S. sphingiola, Ilerm. Papio comatus, Kuhl,
Cynocephalus porcarius, Desm.. C. ursinus, Schinz. S. nasuta,
SJuno ; Iiuffon, Suppl. viii. t. 15.

Ilab. South Africa : Cape of Good Hope.

See Cynocephalus doguera, Pucheran. Olive-brown ; front of
hands black, naked. Ilab. Abyssinia.

2. Cynocephalus Anubis. The Olive Baboon. B. M.

Fur olive-green ; hairs grey at the base, black and yellow-tinged
above ; hands and feet like back ; crest not full.

22. cn^ERorrriiECiLS. 35

Anubis, F. Cuv. Mmnm. Lith.t. (very imperfectly known, Is. Geoff.).
Cynocephalus olivaceus, Is. Geoff. Arch, du Mas. v. p. 543, liolc.
0. Anubis, OgUby, P. Z. S. 1830, p. 128; 1843, p. 10.

Ilab. Guinea.

3. Cynocephalus Thoth. The Thoth. B. M.

Fur pale grey brown ; hair veiy long, harsh ; cheeks, sides of neck,
and front of shoulders yellow ; end of tail blacldsh ; hands and feet
liko back.

Cynocephalus Thoth, Ogttby, P. Z. S. 1843, p. 11 ! C. sphinx, RuppeU,
Nam Wirbclt.

Ilab. Abyssinia.

4. Cynocephalus babouin. The Baboon. B. H.

Fur pale brownish yellow ; sides of the back rather darker ; checks
whiter ; hair of crown elongated ; hands and feet coloured liko the
back. " Noso rather depressod ; nostrils large, orbicular." — Desm.

Le petit Papion, Ihiffon, II. N. xiv. t. 14. Siniia cynocephalus an-
tiquoruui, Schreb. S. cynocephalus, Fischer. S. anoinala, Link.
Cynocephalus babouin, JDesm. ; Ik. Geoff.

J fab. West Africa.

5. Cynocephalus sphinx. The Papion. B. M.

Fur reddish brown, yellowish- washed ; cheek and throat paler ;
hands and feet coloured liko the back. " Nostrils narrow, transverse,
subtriangular."

Papion, Buffmif II. N. xiv. t. 13. Simia sphinx, Linn. S. cynoce-
phalus, Prong. Cynocephalus papio, Desm. C. sphinx, Latr.

Hob. West Africa : Guinea ; Senegal ; island of Mincre.

See also

a. Cynocephalus choras, Ogilby, P. Z. S. 1843, p. 12. Callosities

dark-brown. Ilab. Central Africa. (Niger Expedition.)

b. Papio i ubescens, Temm. Esq. Zool. Guinea, p. 39. East Africa.

22. dLEROPITHECUS.

Tail very short, erect, hairy all round. Face two-grooved, black,
with pale beard and whiskers. Limbs slender.

Chaeropithecus leucophaeus. The Drill. B. M.

Fur brown ; forehead and crown whitor ; shoulders and limbs
darker.

Simia cinerea, Shaw. S. subflava, Shaio. S. leucophoea, F. Cuv.
Mamm. Lith. iv. p. G37. Iuuus brachyurus, Temm. Papio leuco-
pheea, Gray, List Mamm. B. M. p. 10.

Ilab. Africa.

d2

30 cebtdjE.

23. MORMON.

Tail very short, bald beneath, erect. Face grooved, bright-
coloured when adult. Limbs strong.

Mandrill, Cuvier. Mormon, Lesson. Papio, Gray, List Manim.
B.M.

Mormon niaimon. The Mandrill. B. M.

Black, yellow-ringed ; middle of crown, dorsal line, hinder edge
of mane, and sides of body blacker ; sides of mouth pale.

Chorns, Buffon, II. N. xiv. 1. 16, 17 ; Supp. xvi. t. 9. Simia maimon,
Linn. S. mormon, Linn. S. madarogaster, Zimni.

Young. Nose black.

Simia maimon, Schreb. S. sphinx, Shaw.

Ilab. Africa ; Gaboon.

The Mantiger of Bradley (the Tufted Apo of Pennant) is from a
specimen of this animal, which had been partly shaved; and the
Goat Monkey, Pennant, is ono which had a tail added to it when
stuffed.

Family III. CEBIDiE.

Nostrils opening on the sides of the nose, separated by a broad
space. Grinders -| . |- or ■£ . -| acutely tubercular. Cheek-pouches
none. Buttocks hairy. Tail long, hairy, often prehensile, very
rarely short. Thumb distinct, but rarely opposable to the fingers.
Hob. America, tropical or subtropical.

The nostrils of Nyctipithecus are near, as in. the old-world mon-
keys ; but in the teeth and all other characters it is like the Cebidce.

Synopsis of Tribes and Genera.

Section A. Gymnura. The tail elongate, prehensile, strongly revolute ;
under surface of the tip naked, callous. Cutting-teeth erect ; grinders
£ .£. The nostrils fir apart.

Tribe I. Mycetina. The throat swollen. Windpipe dilated. Hinder
part of lower jaw much dilated.

1. Mycetes.

Tribe II. Lagotiuchina. The throat not swollen. Windpipe not dilated.
Hinder part of lower jaw not, or only moderately, dilated behind.

2. Ateles. Fur rigid, harsh. Claws guttered. Thumbs rudimentary, or

none. Lower jaw not dilated. Nostrils far apart. Hair of crown
directed forwards.

8. BnACiiYTEEES. Fur woolly, soft. Thumbs rudimentary, or none.
Lower jaw moderately dilated behind. Claws compressed. Nostrils
far apart. Hair of crown directed backwards.

4. LAGOTnnrx. Fur woolly, soft. Thumbs developed. Lower jaw mo-

CEBID.E. 37

dorately dilated behind. Claws compressed. Nostrils oblong, rather
close below. Hair of crown woolly.

Section B. TnicuiuitA. Tail hairy to the tip, not, or only feebly, pre-
hensile.

.Tribe III. Cebina. Grinders £ . £ ; cutting-teeth vertical, in a regular
series with the canines. Claws blunt. Lower jaw not dilated behind.
Nostrils far apart.

/>. Cebus. Head largo. Claws guttered.

Tribo IV. Callithichina. Grinders £ . £ ; cutting -teeth vertical, in a
regular series with the canines. Lower jaw dilated behind. Eyes
moderate, diurnal. Nostrils far apart.

(>. Saimiiu. Head large, elongate ; forehead well developed.

7. Callithrix. Head small, depressed ; forehead small.

Tribe V. Nyctipithecina. Grinders %.%; cutting-teeth vertical, in a
regular scries with the canines. Lower jaw dilated behind. Eyes very
large, nocturnal. Nostrils close together, as in the old-world apes.

8. Nyctipithecus. Head large, rounded ; forehead slightly developed.

Tribe VI. riTHECiNA. Grinders £ . £ ; lower cutting-teeth large, shelv-
ing, converging, separate from the canines. Lower jaw not dilated
behind. Fur harsh, elongate. Claivs blunt.

9. riTHECiA. Tail club-shaped. Hair of crown like a wig. Chin

slightly bearded.

Tribo VII. BitACHYUJiiNA. Grinders £ . £ ; lower cutting-teeth large,
shelving, converging, separate from the canines. Lower jaw dilated
behind. Fur soft, silky. Claws blunt.

10. CinnopoTE.s. Tail elongate, club-shaped. Crown with long hair like

a wig. Chin large, bearded. Limbs short.

11. Ouakauia. Tail subcylindrical, short. Crown with short hairs.
Chin scarcely bearded. Limbs elongate.

Tribo VIII. IIapaeina. Grinders £ . £ ; loivei- cutting-teeth vertical.
Lower jaw not dilated behind. Thumbs developed, but never opposable
to the fingers.

* Lower cutting-teeth elongate, slender, linear, of the same size as the

canines.

12. Hapale. Ears with a fan-like pencil of hairs on the inside of tho
conch.

13. Iacciius. Ears with a fan-like pencil of long hairs on forehead iu

front of the conch.

14. Cebuella. Ears small, naked, hid in the fur.

1/5. Mico. Ears largo, naked, oxserted, without any pencil of hairs,

* * Lower cutting-teeth short, subtruncalc ; lower canines large, pro-

minent.

10. Leontopitiiecus. Head and face with long silky hair.

17. (Edipus. Sides of the head naked; crown with a tuft of hairs.

38 cEBrD-ffi.

18. Midas. Head with short hairs.

19. Seniocebus. Head naked in front, hairy behind.

Dahlbom arranges the prehensile-tailed monkeys according to
their anatomical character, thus : —

I. Muzzlo obtuse, conical ; spinous processos of the lumbar vertebra)

acutely triangular, directed more forward than the rest, nearly
incumbent.

a. Eyes very large, lateral ; septum of nose narrow. Nyctijnthecus.
h. Eyes moderate, anterior ; septum of nose broad. Callithrix.

II. Muzzle blunt, truncated ; spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae

trapeziform.

a. Tail hairy all over.

* Septum of the orbit membranaceous. Saimiri.

** Septum of the orbit bony. Cains.

I. Tail-end bald. Ateles, Lagothrix, Mycetes. (Zool. Stud. p. 140.)

Section A. Gymnttba. Tail elongate, prehensile, strongly revolute, hairy ;
under surface of the tip naked, callous. Grinders f-

5.

Tribe I. MYCETINA.

Head pyramidical ; face oblique ; chin and crop gibbous, covered
with long rigid hairs. Canines large. Lower jaw much dilated behind.
Os h)roide3 very large, spongy. Thumb distinct. Claws convex. Tail
veiy long. Ferocious, noisy before the rising and after tho setting
of the sun. Living on leaves of trees.

1. MYCETES.

Head pyramidical. Face and the lower part of the body nearly
naked. Tail strong. Fingers very long.

Mycetes, Illiger ; Gray. Attn. Sf Mag. N. II. 1845, xvi. p. 217. Steu-
tor, Geoff. Aluata, Lacep. Cebus, JErxl. Aluatta, Slack.

Spix describes the male and the female M. caraya as being black,
and the young yellow. Prince Neuwied observes that the males
and the specimens of M. ursinus from the more northern region of
Brazil are rufous or ferruginous, while tho females and those from
the more southern regions are brown or blackish brown. Liehten-
stein describes the young of this species as blackish. Cuvier observes
that there is very little difference between M. ursinus and M. seniculus.
The specimens of the two sexes that are in the British Museum,
received at the same time and from tho same locality, are nearly the
same colour, and the young and adults equally so ; but some speci-
mens of apparently tho sumo species vary considerably in tint; some
of tho black species show so many red hairs scattered among their

1. MYCETES. 39

fur, when it is bent back and examined, as to mako one almost
doubt if the black specimens are not another stato or. local variety
of the red ones. — Ann. and Mag. JV. II. 1845, xvi. p. 217.

M. I. Geofiroy states there can be no doubt that M. niger and M.
stramineus of Geoffroy are the same species, M. niger being the males,
and M. stramineus the females and young. There are in the Jardin
des Plantes young males changing into the black state. Stcntor
jlavicaudatus, Gooff., is a variety, and S.fuscus, Geoff., a pale speci-
men of Mycetes ursinus. (Sco Cat. Mus. Paris, p. 53.)

Slack observes, "Dr. Graylaj^s great stress upon the toxturo of the
hairs as a specific distinction. In M. scnicuhis the hairs of the adult
are soft to the touch, while thoso of tho young aro hard and rigid."
—Journ. Acad.N. 8. Phil. 1862, p. 51G.

The species may be divided thus : —

1. Forehead high, with the hair refloxed, forming a ridge across

the centre of the crown.

a. The fur rather rigid in 1, 2, 3.

b. Fur soft, silky, elongate, 4, 5.

2. Forehead with tho hair directed forward ; crown smooth, with

radiating hairs.

a. Fur short, rather rigid in 0, 7, 8.

b. Fur rather soft, 9.

c. Fur very long, silky, 10.

1. Mycetes ursinus.' i The Araguato. 13. M.

Brown or blackish, yellow-washed ; hairs rather rigid, brown,
with yellowish tips. Malo, female, and junior.

Mycctcs ursinus, Dcsm. Mamm. ; Pr. Max. Ahbild. t. ; Gray, Ann. 8f
Mag. -N. It. 1845, xvi. p. 218. Stontorflavicaudatus, Geoff. Siinia
ursina, Ilumb. S. guariba, Humb. Mycetes fuscus, Kuhl ; Spix,
Bras. t. 30.

Var. Yellow ; the tail, head, feet, sides of the head, body, and
limbs yellow. Male. P.M.

M. stramiueus, Spix, Bras. t. 31. M. barbatus, foom., Spix, Bras
t. 33.

Ilab. Brazil.

2. Mycetes seniculus. The Golden Howler. P.M.

Reddish chestnut ; middle of the back golden yellow ; hair one-
coloured to the base, short, rather rigid, without any underfur ;
hair of the head short. Males and females.

Alouate, Buff. II. N. xv. p. 5 ; Suppl, vii. 1. 15. Simia seniculus, Linn.
S. N. i. p. 37 ; Gray, Ann. $ Mag. N. II. 1845, xvi. p. 219. My-
cetes seniculus, Kuhl. Royal Monkey, Fcnn.

JIab. Brazil ; Guiana. In Polivia a paler variety.

40 CEBIDiE.

3. Mycetes bicolor. The Black-and-yelloiv Howler. B. M.

Black ; hair rather rigid, uniform ; sides of the loins varied with
yellow ; hairs of this part black, with a broad subcentral reddish-
yellow band. Male.

Mycetes bicolor, Gray, Ann. § Mag. N. II. 1845, xvi. p. 214!

Ilab. Brazil.

Like M. seniculus. Dr. Slack thinks this may be the same as
M. iiisinus.

See Aluatta nigra, Journ. Acad. Phil. 18G2, 518. "Male deep

black ; hairs of occiput directed forwards, meeting at right

angles those of the forehead, which are directed backwards.

Female and young pale straw-colour, dashed with black."

Ilab. Brazil ; Paraguay.

4. Mycetes laniger. The Silly Howler.

Reddish chestnut ; middle of the back golden yellow ; hairs elon-
gate, very soft and silky, dark brown at the base, golden or chest-
nut at the tip, with a closo underfur ; hair of the head rather
elongate. Males and females.

Mycetes laniger, Gray, Ann. $• May. N. II. 1845, xvi. p. 214!

Var. End of tail paler.

Stentor chrysurus, Is. Geoff'. May. Zool. iv. t. 7.

Ilab. Columbia.

Dr. Slack (I. c. p. 517) considers this undoubtedly the same as M.
seniculus,

5. Mycetes palliatus. The Mantled Howler. B. M.

Black brown ; hairs of the middle of the back and upper part of
the sides yellow brown, with black tips ; of the lower parts of tho
sides elongate, brownish yellow, forming a kind of mantlo on each
side.

Mycetes palliatus, Gray, P. Z. S. 1848, p. 138, t. G ! M. Beelzebul,
Scliott, Mitteler Report, 1802, p. 413. Aluatta palliata, Slack,
Journ. Acad. Phil. 18G2, p. 510.

Hab. Cai'accas, Salle.

** Forehead ivith the hair directed forward ; crown smooth, with radiating

hairs.

6. Mycetes auratus. The Red- and-yelloiv Howler. B. M.

Dark red chestnut-brown ; back and sides golden yellow ; hairs
rather short and rigid, dark at the base ; beard darker. Female ?

Mycetes auratus, Gray, Ann. 8f May. N. II. 1845, xvi. p. 220 !
Ilab. Brazil.

2. ATELES. 41

7. Mycetes caraya. The Blade Howler. B. M.

Black; hair rather elongate and rigid, uniform black; the sides,
especially at the loins, interspersed with reddish hairs. Male.

Simia caraya, Humboldt. Mycetes caraya, Lesson ; Gratf, Ann. 8{
Mag. N. II. 1845, xvi. p. 220 ! Mycetes niger, Pr. Max.
Abbild, t.

Hob. Brazil.

8. Mycetes barhatus. The Grey-handed Iloivler. B. M.

Black ; hair moderately long, rather rigid, one-coloured ; hands,
feet, inside of the thighs, circumference of the face, and end of the
tail greyish. Sex unknown.

Mycetes barhatus, Spiv, Bras. t. 33 (male) ; Gray, Ann. &• Mag. N.
II. 1845, xvi. p. 220 !

Hah. Brazil.

9. Mycetes Beelzebul. The Yellow -handed Iloivler. B. M.

Black ; hair rather soft, uniform black or reddish, with a few in-
terspersed brown hairs on the shoulders ; feet, upper line and tip of
the tail, spot in front of the ear, and on the knee reddish -yellow.
Females and young.

Simia Beelzebul, Linn. Mycetes rufimanus, Kuhl. M. Beelzebul,
Gray, Ann. # May. N. II. 1845, xvi. p. 220 1 P M. discolor, Spix,
Bras, t. 34. Colobus P? chrysurus, Gray, Ann. $■ May. N. II.
1800, xvii. p. 77.

Ilab. Brazil.

10. Mycetes villosus. The Villous Howler. B. M.

Black ; hairs very long, silky, uniform black on the cheeks and
under the cars, brownish at the base. Sex unknown.

Mycetes villosus, Gray, Ann. fy Mag. N. II. 1845, xvi. p. 220 1

Hab. Brazil.

Tribe II. LAGOTRICHINA.

Head round, face perpendicular. Canines small. Throat not

swollen. Hinder part of the lower jaw not, or only moderately,

dilated. Melancholic, slow, living in groups. Eating insects and
fruit.

a. Far dry, harsh. Hair on the head directed forward. Lower jaw not

dilated behind.

2. ATELES.

Fur dry, hard, smooth. Cutting-teeth large, unequal, two middle
very long and broad. Grinders small, rounded. Thumb rudimentary,

42 CEDIDiE.

or nono. Lower jaw not dilated behind. Chin and throat nearly
bald. The hair of the head directed forwards, of the forehead some-
times reflexed.

Sapajou, Lacep. 1800; Slack, Proc. Acad. Philad. 18G2, p. 509. Ateles,
Geoff. Ann. du Mas. 1800.

Stomach slightly subdivided, approaching in this respect tho long-
handed Monkeys of India and Africa.

a. Inside of the legs coloured like the back. Species 1-10.

b. Inside of the legs white. 11, 12.

* The inside of the leys coloured like the back.

1. Ateles ater. The Black-faced Coaita. B. M.

Black, face black ; hair of crown short, of forehead moderate.
Young. Brown.

A. paniscus, var. cayemiensis, Geoff". A. ater, F. Ciw. Mamm.
Lithoy. t.

Hob. Brazil.

2. Ateles paniscus. The Coaita. B. M.

Black ; face flesh-coloured ; orbits prominent ; fur of forehead
elongate, projecting.

Coaita, Buff, II. N. xv. 10, t. 1. Simia paniscus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 27.
Atoles paniscus, Geoff.

Var. Thumb more or less rudimentary (sometimes only developed
on one hand). B. M.

A. subpontadactylus, Dcsm. Simia chameck, Ilumb. Chameck, Huff.
II. N. xv. p. 21. A. pentadactylus, Quo. ; Geoff. I. c. vii.

Ilab. Guiana; Brazil; Peru.

3. Ateles fusciceps. The Broivn-lieaded Spider Monkey. B. M.
Black ; hairs rather long, shining, crisp, the longer ones with indi-
stinct brownish tips ; crown of the head rusty brown.

Ateles fusciceps, Fraser, MS. 1845 ; Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1805 !
Hob. South America.

4. Ateles grisescens. The Grizzled Spider Monkey. B. M.

Fur moderate, black, with silvery-white hairs intermixed ; the
underside of the tail grey ; the hair of the forehead rather elongate.

The Grizzled Spider Monkey, Sclater, Cat. Anitn. Zool. Gard. 1805,
p. 0. A. grisescens, Sclater, MS. ; Gray, P. Z. S. 1805 !

Ilab. South America.

5. Ateles CUCXillatus. The Black-capped Spider Monkey . B. M.

Fur very long and flaccid, black, silvery grey ; the crown and nape,
the hands, and feet black ; sides of the rump blackish ; hair of the

2. ATELES. 43

crown very long, forming a largo hood expanding over the eyebrow ;
face reddish ; orbita blackish ; thumb none ; hair of the back one-
coloured grey or black.

Ateles cucullatus, Gray, P. Z. S. 1805 !

Ilab. South America.

6. Ateles marginatus. The Chuva. B. M.

Uniform black ; forehead and whiskers white ; hair moderately
long ; face flesh-coloured ; orbits black ; thumb none.

Ateles marginatus, Kuhl, licilr. p. 24 ; Geoff. Ann. Mm. xiii. p. 02,
t. 10. A. albifrons, Schinz. A. frontalis, JBenn. P. Z. S. 1830-31 !

Ilab. Brazil.

7. Ateles hybridus. TJie Brown Spider Monkey. B. M.

Ashy grey, blackish-washed ; hair very soft, rather curly, inter-
mixed with somo longer, stiffcr, blackish hairs ; crown of the head,
forearms, legs to tbc knees, and the greater part of the tail black ;
face blackish ?, with thin white hair on the lips ; thumb none.

Ateles hybridus, Geoff. Ami. Miis. xvii. p. 121 ; Gucrin, Man. Zool.
1805, t.

Hob. St. Juan, Nicaragua.

The eyebrows are black, and there are many elongate black hairs
on the outside of the thigh ; the inside of the thigh and of the arm
near the arm-pit is greyish.

Dr. Dahlbom, I suppose by mistake, describes the inside of the
leg as white.

8. Ateles melanochir. The Black-handed Spider Monkey. B.M.

Pale brown, or red brown ; forehead, hands, and feet black; crown,
browner red ; the kneo and front of fore leg often darker or blackish ;
thumb none.

Ateles melanochir, Desm. Mamm. p. 70. A. Gcoflroyi, Kuhl. A. va-
riegatus, Natterer ; llcichenbach, Atlas, f. 15, 10.

Var. Palo yellowish ; forehead, feet, and knees black ; crown
yellowish, black-washed ; shoulders grey, black- washed. B. M.

Var. Pale yellowish white ; shoulders and knees blackish-washed ;
forehead, hands, and feet black ; crown golden brown on the sides,
black in the centre. B. M.

Ilab. Carraccas, Salle.

Var. ? frontatus. Palo reddish brown ; the forehead, feet, knees,
and front of fore legs, blackish. B. M.

Eriodes frontatus, Gray, Ann. $ Mag. N. II. x. 250, 1843; Zool.
II. M.S. Sulphur, t.

Ilab. West coast of America ?

44 cedim-:.

9. Ateles ornatus. Tlie Brilliant Spider Monkey. B. M.

Black ; sides and undorparts of body and inside of upper arms
and legs red brown ; lower legs rcddisb ; withers, outer sides of
shoulders, and forearms white-grizzled ; whiskers grey ; thumb
nono.

Hah. South America.

Like A. melanochir with all the colour intensified ; but tho fore-
head and wholo upper part of the head and the outside of tho arms
and legs is black.

10. Ateles albifrons. Tlie White-fronted Spider Monkey. B. M.

Pale grey brown ; forehead white ; crown darker brown ; tail,
outside of the limbs, feet, and groin reddish ; knees, elbows, and
hands black ; outer and hinder side of the forearm blackish-washed ;
thumb none.

Ilab. South America. Presented by General Fox.

It differs from the pale varieties of A. melanochir in the forehead
being white, fringed below with the dark hairs of the eyebrows, and
in tho feet being red. It may be only a variety.

** The inside of the leys and underside of the body white.

11. Ateles Belzebuth. The Belzebuth. B. M.

Black or reddish ; loins paler ; chest, belly, and inside of the fore
legs, front of tho thighs and the under surface of the tail whitish ;
hair rather elongate, flaccid ; thumb nono.

BelzCbuth, Brisson, R. A. p. 214. Ateles Belzebuth, Geoff. Ann.
Mas. xiii. p. 27, 1. 10. A. JBrissonii, Fischer. A. fuliginosus, Kuld.

Var. 1. Black or blackish ; loins paler ; head and limbs black.

B.M.

Var. 2. Blackish ; loins and part of sides, head, and limbs brown
black. B. M.

Var. 3. Grey ; head, shoulders, feet, tail, and outside of the
limbs black ; underside of the body and inside of legs grey. B. M.

Var. 4. brunneus. Brown, or brown-washed grey ; cheek, loins,

and outside of the thighs whiter; chest, throat, inside of limbs

pale grey ; crown, outsido of limbs, and upper surface of tail darker

brown. B. M.

A. brunneus, Gray, MS.

Ilab. Brazil.

12. Ateles veUerosus. The Long-haired Spider Monkey. B. M.

Blackish; loins rather browner; head, outsido of limbs, and the
upper and lower part of the tail black ; throat, chest, belly, and inside
of tho limbs greyish white ; hair long, flaccid. Thumb none.

Ateles vellerosus, Gray, P. Z. S. 1805 !
IFab. Brazil.

4. LAGOTHRIX. 45

Like A. Bekebuth ; but the underside of the tail is as black as the
upper, the pale colour of the inside of the arms docs not come
down so near tho hands, and the fur is much longer and spreads
out in all directions on the head and body.

D. Fur soft, silky. Lower jaw moderately dilated behind. Hair of head

turned backivards.

8. BRACHYTELES.

Hair woolly, soft ; of head short, directed backwards. Cutting-
teeth equal, small ; canines short ; grinders very thick, quadran-
gular. Septum of tho nose rather narrow. Thumb rudimentary
or wanting. Claws compressed. Tail very strong.

Brnchyteles (partly), Spit, Bras. p. 3G, 1823 ; Slack, I. c. p. 513.
Eriodes, /. Geoff. Mem. Mus. xviii.

Gregarious in the woods of Central America.

•tv

Brachyteles arachnoides. B.M.

Ashy brown ; face flesh-coloured ; base of tail and vent often
ferruginous ; organ of generation dark red-brown. Females more
ashy.

Var. without any thumb. B.M.

Ateles arachnoides, Geoff. Ann. Mus. xiii. p. 270. Eriodes arachnoides,

Is. Geoff. Mem. Mus. xvii. Brachyteles arachnoides, Gray, List

Mamm. B. M. !

Var. with a woll-dovolopod thumb, young. Dark brown, sides

of face whito. -"• ■"'•

Var. -with rudimentary thumb. B. M.

Ateles bypoxanthus, Pr. Max. Abbild. t.; Iuthl ; Desm. Mamm. p. 72.
Eriodes tuberifer, J. Geoff. I. c. xii. p. 271. Brachyteles macro-
tarsus, Spix, Bras. p. 3G," t. 27. Eriodes bemidactylus, /. Geoff.
I. c. xiii. p. 270. B. bypoxanthus, Gray, List Mamm. B. M. p. 11.

Ilab. Brazil.

Thumb more or less rudimentary ; tho species have been divided
into three on this account by M. I. Geoffroy ; sometimes thcro
is a thumb on one hand and none on the other. See Slack, I. c
p. 514.

4. LAGOTHRIX.

Hair soft, woolly, black. Thumbs well developed. Limbs short,
proportionate. Chin and crop sparingly hairy. Hair of crown
short, directed backwards. Throat-bone scarcely apparent externally.
Lower jaw moderately dilated behind. Nostrils oblique, rather
close below.

Lagotlmx, Geoff. Ann. Mus. xix. p. 106, 1812. Gastrimargus, Spix,
Bras. 1823.

Slow, gregarious, meek ; often walking on their hind legs.

40 CEBID/E.

1. Lagothrix Humboldtii. The Ore;/ Capparo. B. M.

Blackish grey ; hairs dark gray, with very short black tips ; head,
chest, belly, hands, and tail black ; hair of the belly rather longer,
weaker. Young greyer.

Lagothrix Humboldtii, Geoffroy, Tab. Quad. Celms lagotln-ix,
Fischer. Simialagotricha, Humboldt, Obs. Zool. i. p. 322. L. canus,
Geoff. Tab. Quad. Simla cana, Ilumb.

Far. ? L. poeppigii, Schinz, L. capparo, Lesson. Gastrimargus oliva-
ceus, SpiXf Bras. t. 28 (male, good), 1823.

Ilab. Peru ; mouth of Orinoco ; Columbia.
The young arc paler and less speckled.

2. Lagothrix infumatus. The Reddish Capparo. B. M.

Dark reddish grey; hairs reddish, with black tips ; tho head and
hands rather darker ; inside of forearms, chest, and belly black ;
groin, base of the tail, and sides redder ; hair of chest and belly
abundant, long, and rather rigid. Male.

Gastrimargus infumatus, Spin; Bras. p. 41, t. 29, female. Lagothrix
Castelnaui, Is. Geoff'. Castelnau Expid. Amer. Sud, t. i. female.

Ilab. Brazil.

Section II. Titicniuiu. Tail lone/, hairy to the end, not, or only
feebly prehensile. Tongue-bone not prominent. Head round.
Muzzle short.

Tribe III. CEBINA.

Grinders $-.$, bluntly tubercular ; cutting-tocth erect, contiguous
to the canines ; canines large. Lower jaw not dilated behind. Limbs
proportionate. The septum of the orbits bony. Tail very long, hairy ;
end convolute. Penis with an expanded marginal gland. Grega-
rious, lively, wanton. Living on fruit and insects.

5. CEBUS.

The character of the tribe.

Cebus (pnrtly), Erxl.
In Burmeister's Monograph in Abb. naturf. Ges. zu Halle, vol. ii.,
he divides the genus thus : —

* Lumbar vertebra; 5. Head large.

Cebus fatuellus, Linn. S. Apella, Linn. ; Buffon, xv. t. 4. C.
frontatus, Kuhl. (Old) S. fatuellus, Linn. ; Bufibn, Supp. vii.
t. 29. ? G. niger, Geoff. C. lunatics, Kuhl. C, Azarce, ltengger.

Cebus bobustus, Pr. Max. (Old) C. cirrifer, Geoff.

C. MONAcnus, F. Cuv. Mamm. Lith. t. 76, p. 31. G. ceanthosler-
nus, Pr. Max. G. ceanthocephala, Spix.

** Lumbar vertebra; G. Head small.

C. capucinus. (Old) G. Jlavus, Geoff. (Var.) G.fulvus, Desm. C.
gracilis, Spix. (7. chrysopus, F. Cuv. £. albifrons, Humboldt.
C nigro-vittatus, Natterer.

C. cirrifer, Fr. Max. C. «?'#er, Geoff. ; Buff. Supp. vii. t. 28-
G. cristatus, F. Cuv.

C. nvroLEUcus, Geoff. ; Buffon, v. t. 9.

There are many skulls of this genus in the Museum from very
differently coloured specimens. The adult ones arc very much
alike in size, external form, and in dentition, offering no important
characters by which they can be divided into groups. (See Gray,
P. Z. S. 18G5.)

Dr. Dahlbom arranges the specimens in the Faris Museum in
his " Tabula Synoptica," p. 1G4, thus :—

I. The hair of the crown erect, subfasciculate. — 1. ft robustus ;

2. G. clegans; 3. G. Pucker anii=G. capucinus, Geoff.; 4.
G clegans, var. 5. G. frontatus ; 6. G. cirrifer ; 7. G. vel-
lerosus.

II. Hair of the crown adpressed.

a. The beard of the cheek and throat very diffused. — 8. C. bar-

batus ; 9. G. variegatus.

b. Beard of check and throat less prominent ; crown defined

with apalo edge.— 10. C. Jlavus; 11. C. Apclla.

c. Check, chin, and throat hairy.— 12. G. capucinus ; 13. G.

castaneus ; 14. G. versicolor ; 15. G. chrysopus.

In the compilation of Lesson, Wagner, and Giebel, who depended
upon the descriptions of authors, without having the opportunity of
examining specimens to correct their theories, the species are mixed
together in a manner that is not confirmed by reference to the
specimens themselves, showing how dangerous it is to venture in
such compilations to go beyond the authors consulted.

There seems to be a considerable difference in the length of the
toes of the stuffed specimens, and I considered it a good character ;
but I now suspect that it may depend on ago (as the younger stuffed
specimens always appear to have longer fingers and toes than the
older ones), and perhaps more on tho art of the preserver.

Tho species may also be divided thus, by the colour of the fur : —
The greater number of specimens havo the front of the fore legs
and chest palo.

I. Fur black or brownish-black.— G leucogenys, G cirrifer, G.

vellerosus, G. leucoceplialus, G. hypoleucus.

II. Fur yellow, or yellow-and-brown, or brown-and-ycllow

48 cKnTn.K.

varied. — C. Apella, C. elegans, C. capucinus, C. ceanthocepha-
his, C. albifrous, G. Jlavescens, C. rolmstus, C. annelhtus, C.
chrysopus, 0. subcristatus, C. capillatus.

I. Hair of the crown bent back, round the face reflexed, forming

a short crest over each eyebrow. No. 1.

II. Hairs of the crown short, bent back ; those on the sides of the

dark spot often elongated, forming two more or less erect
crests or tufts. Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5.

III. Hair of the crown short, reflexed, not forming any crest.
Nos. 6-11.

IV. Hair of the crown erect, elongate, forming a more or less
high central crest. Nos. 12, 13.

V. Hair of the crown radiating from a centre, bent forward in

front, and forming a superciliary crest. Nos. 14, 15.

VI. Hair of the crown elongate, diverging in all directions, form-
ing a cap. No. 16.

I. Hair of the head rather elongate, reflexed ; round the face reflexed, longer,

forming a short crest over each egebroiv ; of cheek short, adpressed.
Toes rather elongate.

1. Cebus leucogenys. The White-clieelced Cebus.

Blackish ; hair soft, elongate, silky, with thick underfill', of head
shorter, of circumference of the face reflexed ; cheek and temples
yellow.

Cebus leucogenys, Gray, P. Z. S. 1865, t. !
Hub. Brazil.

See C. cucullatus, Spix, Bras. t. 6, which seems to have a head
somewhat like this species ; but it is yellow, with a brown
hood. I have not seen any like it.

II. Hairs of the croivn short, reflexed ; those on the sides of the dark patch

often elongated, elevated, forming tiuomore or less elevated crests.

2. Cebus Apella. The Apella.

Fur thick, rather harsh, reddish brown, darker on the middle of
the back, tail, and legs ; forearms, crown -spot, and whiskers black
or blackish ; front of the shoulders paler or yellow ; tbo crown-
spot broad, often produced on the sides into more or less thick
elongated longitudinal crests.

Sapajou brun, Buffon, xv. t. 4, p. 37. S. cornu, Buff on, Sitpp. vii.
Simia Apella, Linn, (younger). Cebus Apella, I. Geoff. (Var.,
horned) Cebus fatuellus, Geoff. C.macrocephalus, Spix, Bras. t. 1
(no crests).

Var. Fur pale yellowish ; whiskers yelloAV. B. M.

JIab. Brazil. A very variable species.

5. ckiius. 49

3. Cebua pallidus. The Slender Cebus. B.M.

The crown-patch on the back of tho head, small, blackish or brown,
often with a small short crest on each side. Fur soft, fulvous or
greyish fulvous ; the limbs and tail darker brown ; beard golden
yellow.

Cebus pallidus, Gray, R Z. 8. ; List Mamm. B. M. ! C. elegans,
i". Geoff. Cat. p. 45, 1851. P C. gracilis; Spix, Bras. t. 5 (young).

Hub. Bolivia, Bridges !

See

a. C. barbalus, Geoff. Fur nearly uniformly fulvous ; forehead

whitish ; occiput rather darker ; board golden yellow. Var.
albino, Cebus albus, Geolf.

b. C. flaws, Geoff. Simiaflava, Schreb. Fur brownish fulvous

or pale fulvous ; forehead white, black, or brown ; spot on
crown and occiput pointed in front. Albino variety, C.
fulvus, D'Orbigny, Voy. t. Hdb. Bolivia.

4. Cebus cirrifer. The Tufted Cebus. B. M.

Fur short, closo, black ; face, chin, cheeks, sides of forehead,
and narrow band over the eyebrow yellowish whito, with intorsporsed
blackish hairs ; hair of the head reversed, sometimes erected into
two long bent- back tufts.

Cebus cirrifer, Geoff.

Hah. South America.

5. Cebus veUerosus. The Thick-furred Cebus. B. M.

Fur very thick, elongated, blackish brown, with longer shining
hairs ; the top of the head, nape, and whiskers black ; limbs and
tail blackish ; crown-spot black, narrow, produced on the sides into
two thick erect pencils.

Cebus veUerosus, I. Geoff. Cat. p. 44.

Hab. Brazil, Lord Stuart de llothsay.

The Museum specimen does not show the white hairs scattered
in the fur mentioned by M. I. Geoffroy. ' It differs from most Cebi
in the front of the shoulders being like the back.

III. Hairs of crown short, rcjlexcd, adprcsscd ; not forming a crest or horns.
0. Cebus capucinus. The Capuchin. B. M.

Fur brown, washed with golden ; sides of forehead, face, throat,
chest, and front of shoulders palo yellow ; crown with black or
dark-brown spot, narrow and extended, with a line to the base of
the nose in front, and expanded on the nape.

Cebus capucinus, Geoff. Var. ? C. libidinosus, Spit; Bras. t. 2.

Hab. Brazil.

E

50 CETHDJK.

Var. ? or artificially distorted. Hair of crown radiating from a
central lino forming an oblong crest. B. M.

C. cristatus, Gray, 3IS.

Ilab. Brazil.

7. Cebus xanthocephalus. The Monk Cebus. B. M.

Fur short, stiff, black- and yellow-varied; crown, temples, whis-
kers, chin, shoulders, haunches, arms, legs, and tail black ; back
and sides, especially behind, yellow, more or less black-washed ;
sides of neck, chest, and front of shoulders yellow. The hair of
the crown reflexed, short ; forehead and temples whitish yellow.

Var. 1. Shoulders and loins pale-yellow; outside of thighs and
base of tail reddish.

Var. 2. Blacker ; forehead whiter.

Cebus xanthocephalus, Spice, Bras. t. 3 (good). C. monachus, Fischer.
C. cucullatus, Spix, Bras. t. 6.

Ilab. Paraguay ; Bio Janeiro, Spice.

See Cebus olivaceus, Schrank, Wagner, Schreb. v. t. 8.

8. Cebus albifrons. The White-fronted Cebus. B. M.

Pale reddish brown ; back and, especially, the outside of limbs
redder ; face, forehead, throat, shoulders, and chest white. Tail with
rather long hair ; hair of the crown short.

C. albifrons, Gray, P. Z. S. 1865 ! not Geoffrey.

Hob. South America.

9. Cebus hypoleucus. The White-throated Sapajou. B.M.

Black ; forehead and front of crown, neck and sides of head,
shoulders and chest white ; face pale flesh-coloured.

Sai a gorge blanche, Buffon, II. N. xv. t. 9 ; Audebert, t. 5 ; F.
Cuv. Mamm. Lith. t. Simia hypoleuca, Humboldt, Obs. Zool. p. 337.
Cebus hypoleucus, Geoff. Ami. Mus. xix. p. 111.

Ilab. Central America ;« Guiana ; Caraccas, Salvin.

■i

10. Cebus leucocephalus. The White-headed Cebus. B. M.

Pur dark reddish brown, very obscurely punctulated. Head to
the front edge of ears white ; crown with a short narrow central
black streak ; feet blackish.

Cebus leucocephalus, Gray, P. Z. S. 1865, fig. !

Ilab. Columbia.

See Cebus versicolor, Pucheran, Bev. Zool. 1845, p. 335 ; I. Geoff.
Cat. p. 47. Without frontal streak, and tail paler, perhaps
discoloured. Hub. Columbia.

51

11. Cebus flavescens. The Pale Cebus. B. M.

Fur nearly uniformly pale yellow fulvous ; the cheeks, whiskers,
and hair under the throat greyish ; the crown, nape, and middle of
the back darker ; outside of legs redder ; hair of the top of the head
and nape elongate, directed backwards.

Cebus gracilis, Gray, P. Z. S. 1852, p. 107 ! not Spix, t. 5. C. uni-
color, Spix, Bras. t. 4 ?

Ilab. Brazil.

IV. Crown with elongate, erect hairs, forming a single central more or less

conical crest.

12. Cebus robustus. The Crested Cebus. B. M.

Fur bright red ; limbs and tail blackish ; crown-spot black ;
crown like back.

Cebus robustus, Pr. Max. ; Kuhl, Bcitr. p. 35, 1820 : I. Geoff. Cat.
p. 43.

Var.1 bleached? Uniformly palo yellow; crown and whiskers
rather darker ; sides of forehead whitish. B. M.

Simia flnva, Schreb.

Ilab. Brazil.

See Cebus frontatus, Kuhl, Beitr. p. 34. Grey; dull brownish
grey above ; circumference of the face white ; the hair of
the crown and forehead very close and long, elevated, form-
ing a large black cap.

13. Cebus anneUatus. The Grizzled Sapajou. B. M.

Fur brown, reddish- washed, especially on the thigh ; hairs with
several pale rings ; hair of the crown short, rcfloxcd, forming along
compressed central longitudinal crest ; streak on sides of neck, bent
down on the front of the shoulders, yellow ; belly reddish ; crown,
temple, whiskers, arms and legs within and without, and tail black ;
face with deep-black hairs ; crown-spot broad, with a broad lino to
the forehead and another on each side to the whiskers.

Cebus anneUatus, Gray, P. Z. S. 18G5, fig. ! P Cebus capucinus, var.,
1. Geoff. Cat. p. 4G.

Hab. South America.

V. Hairs of crown radiating from a central spot, directed forward in front,

and forming a transverse crest on the middle of the crown.

14. Cebus chrysopus. The Golden-handed Sapajou. B. M.

The face, throat, chest, and front of shoulders pale grey brown ;
back of head and eyebrows darker, blackish ; fur pale sooty

e 2

52 CEHIDJH.

brown, washed with golden ; the outside of limbs golden fulvous ;
hair soft.

? C. unicolor, Spix, Bras. t. 4 ? Cebus chrysopes, F. Guv. Mamm.
Lith. t. C. chrysopus, Fischer.

Hab. Brazil? Columbia.

15. Cebus subcristatus. The Bonnel-Sapajou. B. M.

Fur blackish brown ; outside of legs yellowish-washed ; sides
of face palo ashy ; front of the shoulders and of the upper arms yel-
lowish ; toes and fingers elongate, very slender. Hair of the crown
elongate, divided by a central line, and diverging to the eyebrows,
forming an erect transvcrso crest behind them.
Cebus subcristatus, Gray, P. Z. S. 18G5, fig. !

Var. Frontal crest not so distinct ; toes shorter.

Hab. South America.

VI. Hairs of the crown elongate, erect, diverging in all directions, forming a

kind of cap.

16. Cebus capillatus. The Capped Cebus. B. M.

The hairs of the crown elongate, diverging in all directions ; fur
rather elongate, brown, slightly washed with yellow, especially on
the thighs ; sides of the forehead greyer ; sides of neck, outsides of
the shoulders, and arms fulvous ; crown and nape blackish.

Cebus capillatus, Gray, P. Z. S. 1865, fig. !

Hab. Brazil.

Tribe IV. CALLITUICHINA.

Grinders $, bluntly tubercular. Canines moderate. Cutting-teeth
erect, in a regular series with the canines. Head rounded. Lower
jaw dilated behind. Eyes moderate, diurnal. Nostrils far apart,
lateral. Tail very long, lax, straight.

Callitrichina, Gray, P. Z. S. 1849.

6. CHRYSOTHRIX.

Fur soft, close, erect. Tail cylindrical, elongato, covered with
short hair ; end rather tufted, only slightly prehensile. Canines mo-
derate. Eyes large. Ears large. Septum of nose very broad.
Lower jaw narrow behind. Skull much elongated, very large be-
hind. Septum of the orbit membranaceous. Spinous processes of the
lumbar vertebrse trapezoid.

Chrysothrix, Kaup ; Wagner, 1842; Saimiris, Is. Geoff'. 184 ? Sa-
guinusand 1'ithecosciuvus, Lesson. Callithrix, sp., Geoff. Suilniri,
Cuvier ; Pouchet.

6. chrysothrix. 53

* Head y rizzled grey and blackish ; hairs grey or yellow, with a black

subterminal ring.

1. Chrysothrix schireus. The Teetee. 13. M.

Eur grey, minutely punctated with black; back more or less golden-
washed ; outer side of forearm yellow ; tail elongate, slender, black-
tipped ; face whitish ; hairs of back orange, with short black tips.

Saimiri, Jhtffon, II. N. xv. t. 10. Simia sciurea, Linn. Lemur leu-
copus, Ilcrm. Callithrix sciureus, Kuhl. .Chrysothrix sciureus,
Wagner ; Schreb. v. t. 9. .'

Var.l. Back grey-punctated. - B. M.

Var. 2. Back washed with golden yellow. B. M.

Hub. Brazil.

2. Chrysothrix ustus. The Short-tailed Teetee. B. M.

Pur grey, minutely punctulated with black ; back golden -washed ;
hairs of tho back pale reddish yellow, with minute black tips; outer
side of forearms like the rest of the body ; tail short, thick, black-
tipped ; face whitish.

Var. 1. Outer side of the forearm golden.

Saimiris ustus, /. Geoff. Ann. du Mtis. iv. t. ? Chrysothrix nigrovit-
tatus, Wagner ; Schreb. v. t. 11.

Var. 2. Outer side of the forearm coloured like the rest of tho
body. B. M.

Nab. Brazil.

Dr. Dahlbom gives as the characters of this species, from the Paris
specimen, that the ears are nearly bald, or only slightly hairy. Our
specimen with the grey fore legs has the ears hairy, just like the
specimen of G. schireus. If it were not for the shortness of the tail,
I should consider this to be only a large variety of 0. sciureus.

** Head black; hairs yellow, with black tips.

3, Chrysothrix entomophagus. The Blade-headed Teetee. B. M.

Fur golden brown ; hairs of back black, with long yellow tips ;
outer side of thighs and shoulders closely punctated with black ;
upper part, head, and tail black ; face, throat, and inside of thighs
yellowish grey ; cars hairy ; tail moderately long.

Callithrix entomophagus, D'Orb. Voy. Amir. M. t. 4. Saimiris en-
tomophagus, Is. Geoff. Chrysothrix entomophagus, Schreb. v.
t. 1(5.

Var. Upper part of the head yellowish, with more or less long
black tips to the hairs, making the fur more or less deep black. B.M.

Hah. Bolivia, Bridges.

54 CEBID.E.

This and C. iistus are larger species than C. sciureus.

See also Simia sclurca cassiquerensis, Humholdt, Obs. Zool. ;
Saimiris lunuhttus, Is. Geoff. Ann. du Mus. iv. p. 18, with
a black lunule over each eye. Can this be a bad descrip-
tion for S. entomophagus ?

7. CALLITHRIX.

Tail covered with short hairs. Canines moderate. Septum of the
nose nearly as broad as the cutting-teeth. Ears large. Face and
orbits moderate. Eyes moderate, looking forward. Hair of orbit
normal. The spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae acute, trian-
gular, nearly incumbent. Diurnal, gregarious, lively, agile, living
on fruit, insects, and birds' eggs.

Callithrix, sp., Geoff. Saguinus, Less.

I. The fur soft, with abundance of elongated stiffcr hairs.

a. The hands and feet red. No. 1.

b. The hands white, feet black. Nos. 2, 3.

c. The hands and feet grey. Nos. 4-6.

d. The hands and feet black. Nos. 7-9.

II. The fur soft, curly, without any elongated stiffer hairs ; the
hands and feet whitish. Nos. 10, 11.

I. Fur soft, with abundance of elongated stiffer hairs.

a. Hands dark red bay ; hairs of tail grey, toith broad subterminal

black band.

1. Callithrix cuprea. The Red Teetee. B. M.

Dark black-and-grey grizzled ; cheeks, throat, hands, feet, legs, and
underside of the body dark red bay ; tail like back, but rather darker ;
hairs of tail dark grey, with broad subterminal black band ; eyebrows
black.

Callithrix cuprea, Spix, Bras. p. 23, 1. 17 (not well coloured). Calli-
thrix discolor, I. Geoff. Cat. p. 41 ; Arch, du Mus. v. p. 531, t. 28.

Var. Tail white at the end. — Geoff.

Hob. Brazil ; Ega, Bates. '

The figure given by Spix is very badly coloured, but the description
agrees well with the specimens. GeofFroy's figure is from a specimen
with tho end of the tail whito ; his figure is as much brighter than the
Museum specimen as Spix's is too sombre.

b. The hatids white; the feet black ; tail black.

2. Callithrix amictus. The White-chested Teetee. B. M.

Black, reddish-washed j hairs black at the base ; chest with a pure-
white spot ; hands white ; feet black ; forehead and tail black ; hairs
of tail black to the base.

7. CALL1TUIUX. 55

Simia amicta, Humboldt, Obs. Zool. i. p. 357. Callithnx amictus,
Geoffroy. C. amicta, Spix, Bras. t. 13 (good). Saguinusviduus, var.,
Lesson.

llab. Guiana, Schomburgk.

3. Callithrix torquatus. The Collared Teetee. B. M.

Dark-reddish black brown ; hairs red below, with black tips ;
crown dark ; narrow margin to face white ; narrow collar round tbo
neck reddish white ; hands white ; feet black ; tail black, with the
hair red at tho lower part ; forehead black.

Cebus torquatus, Hofmannsegg, Mag. Gescll. Berlin, i. p. 86, 1807 ;
Callithnx torquatus, Geoff. Saguinus viduus, Lesson.

Hub. Brazil.

c. The hands and feet the colour of the back, grey ; hairs of tail pale, ivith

darker subtcrniinal rings.

4. Callithrix donacophilus. The Reed Teetee. B. M.

Fur palo grey or reddish-black grey ; chest and belly grey, or red-
dish grey ; tail pale ; hairs of tail grey, with dark tips ; hands and
feet grey, like the back.

Callithrix donacophilus, D'Orbigny, Voy. Amcr. M. Manlm. p. 10, t. 5.

Var. 1. Pale, whitish ; hairs annulated with grey ; hands and feet
equally pale. B. M.

Var. 2. Fur darker ; hairs annulated with black and grey ; front
of thighs reddish. B. M.

Var. 3. Fur darker, reddish-washed, especially on head and back ;
hair thicker, longer, softer ; ears whitish ; hands and feet blackish
grey ; belly and front of thighs reddish. B. M.

Hob. Bolivia, Bridges !

5. Callithrix Moloch. The Orabassu.

Fur dark grey, black-and-rcd grizzled ; cheeks, chest, and belly
red ; hands and feet dark grey.

Cebus Moloch, Hoffmanns. Gescll. Berlin, 1807, i. p. 07 (Mus. Paris).
Callithrix Moloch, Geoff.

Ilab. Brazil.

6. Callithrix ornatus. The Bright Orabassu. B. M.

Black-and-grey grizzled ; forehead and ears white ; temples, cheeks,
throat, underside of body, and inner side of legs bright-red chestnut ;
hands and feet grey ; tail blackish, grey-washed ; hairs of tail pale,
with a broad subtcrniinal ring.

50 CEDiDii!:.

Callithrix ornata, Gray, Ann. § Mag. N. II. 18G0, xvii. p. 57. C.
discolor, Verreatix, MS., not Geoff".

flab. New Granada, Verreaux.

d. Hands and feet black ; fur rigid, bristly.
7. Callithrix personatns. The Masked Teetee. B. M.

The fur grey, black-grizzled ; hairs long, blackish, with narrow grey-
rings ; chest and beneath blackish ashy ; forehead, cheeks, whiskers,
hands, feet, and lower part of tho legs black ; tail blackish ashy, .hair
near the base reddish, of the lower half of the end one-coloured
grey.

Callithrix personatus, Geoff. Pithecia melanops, Vigors, Cat. Zool.
Soc. 1 C. brunuea, Natter er ; Wagner.

Var. 1. Like former, with dark fur and black hands and ears,
but tail much redder at the base, with the hairs red chestnut nearly
to the tip.

Var. 2. Ashy grey ; eyebrows punctated with black ; hair on tho
"basal half of the tail redder ; ears blackish.

Hab. Brazil, Lord Stuart de Bothsay.

Spix (Bras. t. 12) represents a species of a yellowish colour,
with a black head, under this namo; perhaps tho plate is badly
coloured.

8. Callithrix nigrifroiis. The Black-fronted Teetee. B. M.

Fur bristly, grey, washed with black ; forehead, cars, spot on each
side of neck, hands and feet, and inside of the forearm and leg black ;
chin blackish ; back of crown and nape whitish grey ; tail reddish,
hairs red to the base. Young similar.

Callithrix nigrifrons, Spix, Bras. t. (badly coloured).

Hab. Brazil, Lord Stuart de Bothsay.

Tho colouring of Spix's figure docs not agree with the description ;
tho distribution of the colours on the head of tho figure agrees with
the Museum specimen.

9. Callithrix castaneoventris. The Bed-bellied Teetee. B. M.

Fur dark, blackish grey, minutely annulated with grey ; outsido
of the limbs reddish-washed ; forehead, hands, and feet black ;
whiskers, throat and chest, belly, and inside of the limbs dark-red
chestnut ; tail black, tip whitish- washed ; hairs of tail black to the
base.

Callithrix castaneoventris, Gray, Ann. Sf Mag. N. II. 1866 ! ? C. ca-
ligata, Natterer ; Wagner, Ann. N. Hist. 1843.

Hab. Brazil.

8. NYCTiriTHECUS.

57

See Miriquoulna, Azara. Simia Azaroe, Humb. Zool. i. p. 359.
Pithecia miriquouina, Kuhl, Beitr. lied beneath, with black
hand. Hab. Paraguay.

II. Fur soft, ivoolly, without any longer hairs ; hands and fed black.

10. Callithrix melanochir. The Black-handed Teetee.
Crown, throat, and inside of the limbs black and grey and black
and testaceous mixed.
Var. 1. Fur less red.
Var. 2. Tail bright red.—/. Geoff.

Callithrix melanochir, Fr. Max. Abbild. iv. t. (type in Mus. Paris).
Uab. Brazil : Bahia.

11. Callithrix gigo. The Grey Teetee.
Crown nearly all black, slightly grey-dotted ; sides of the face,
gular band, and insido of tho limbs black.

Callithrix gigo, Spix, Bras. p. 22, t. 1G ; Is. Geoff.
Var. ? Throat whitish.

Callithrix ciueiascens, Spix, Bras. p. 20, t. 14.
Hob. Brazil.

Tribe V. NYCTIPITIIECINA.

Grinders f .£. Cutting-teeth vertical, in a regular scries with the
canines. Lower jaw dilated behind. Eyes large, nocturnal. Nos-
trils small, close together, as in the old-world monkeys.

8. NYCTIPITHECUS.

Eyes very large, lateral ; hair of the orbit radiating like the fea-
thers of a nocturnal bird. Septum of nose narrow. Ears large.
Claws small, weak. Spinous processes of the lumbar vertebra; acutely
triangular, incumbent.

Aotus, Humboldt. Aotes, Jardine (misprint). Nocthora, F. (Javier.

Nyctipithecus, Spix, Bras. 1823. Chirogaleus, species, Vigors and

llorsjield.

Nocturnal, with the habits of tho Iacchus, living on insects and

birds. The ears of Humboldt's specimen seem to have been imperfect,

which induced him to call it Aotus.

I. Head with three streaks ; tail cylindrical.

a. Erontal spot elongate, yellowish; hcad-strcaks linear,
elongate; fur short. No. 1.

b. Frontal spot short, white; head-streaks short; central
rhombic. No. 2.

II. Head with a round pale spot over each eye ; no head-streaks ;
fur long; tail bushy.

53 CEBIDiE.

* Tail cylindrical, hair short.

1. Nyctipithecus trivirgatus. The DouroucoulL B. M.

The black streaks on the crown distinct, linear ; frontal spot elon-
gate, yellowish ; fur short ; throat and insido of limbs greyish ashy ;
chest and belly ferruginous ; tail slender, cylindrical, blackish brown,
yellowish brown at the under part at the base.

Simia trivirgata, Humboldt. Nyctipithecus trivirgatus, Gray, Ann.
and May. N. II. x. p. 25G, 1842 ! N. Humboldtii, S'chinz. N.
Oseryijj I. Geoff. Cat. p. 2; Castelnau, Exped. Amir. Sud, t. 2. f. 1.
N. vociferans, Spix, Bras. t. 2, 1823.

Eab. Peru.

2. Nyctipithecus Commersonii. The Vitoe. B. M.

Black facial streaks irregular and rather confused ; side ones linear;
the middle one broad, lozenge-shaped ; frontal spots short, white ; fur
rather long, thick ; neck, chest, belly, and inner part of base of limbs
and tail fulvous ; tail cylindrical.

Nyctipithecus folinus, Spiv, Bras. t. 18 (good), 1823; Is. Geoff. Cat. ;
Gray, Ann. 8f Mag. N. II. 1842, x. p. 250 ! Chirogaleus Com-
mersonii, Vigors and Horsfield, Zool. Journ. iv. p. 112, 1829 !
Callithrix infulatus, Licht. ; Kuhl. Noctliora trivirgata, F. Cuv.
Mamm. Lith. t.

Hob. Brazil.

* * Tail depressed, broad ; hair of tail spreading on the sides like a squirrel.

3. Nyctipithecus lemurinus. The Broad-tailed Vitoe. B.M.

Head with a rounded white spot over each eye ; frontal streaks
indistinct ; fur of body and tail elongate ; tail bushy.

Nyctipithecus hirsutus, Gray, List Mamm. B. M. 1842 ! N. lemu-
rinus, Is. Geoff. Mim. Ac. II. de VInstitut, 3843, p. 178; Voy. Venus,
Mamm. t. 3. f. 2. N. felinus, var., Gray, List Mamm. B. M. 1842 !

Hob. Columbia ; Santa Fe de Bogota.

Tribe VI. PITIIECINA.

Grinders |.$. Lower cutting-teeth large, shelving forward, con-
verging, separated from tho caninos by a space. Lower jaw not di-
lated behind. Fur harsh, elongate. Claws bent. Nostrils far
apart.

9. PITHECIA.

Chin with a broad beard. Crown with a radiated divided wig.
Head and neck short. Tail long, covered with long hair. Canines
strong. Septum of the nose broader than the cutting-teeth. Ears
moderate. Gregarious, slow, sad, voracious, vociferous.

9. PITUKC1A. 59

Fithecia, Lcsm. Brachyurus, Spix. Yarkea, Lesson.
See Monog., Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 18G0, p. 228; andAnat., Flower,
P. Z. S. 1802, p. 32G.

I. Forehead and crown with a central black streak ; hair one-co-
loured. Fithecia. No. 1.

II. Forehead and crown covered with hair, without any central
streak. Yarkea.

a. Hairs whito-tipped. Nos. 2, 3.

6. Hairs with a subterminal ring. No. 4.

* Hair one-coloured. Fithecia.

1. Pithecia leucocephala. The Blade Yarkee.

Forehead with a central black streak, of mafc(?) yellow, of/emaZe(?)
white.

9 Simia leucocephala, Amleb. Sing. vii. f. 2. Pithecia leucocephala,
Geoff. ; Gray, Zool. Sulphur, p. 12, t. 2 (head) ! Simia pithecia,
Schrch. t. 32. Fithecia ochrocephala, Kuhl, Beitr. p. 46. d P.
chrysocephala, I. Geoff. Cat. Mamm. p. 53 ; Archiv. du Mm. v.
p. 587, t. 29 ; Gray, P. Z. S, 18G0, p. 230 ! P. hiusta, Sfcix, Bras.
p. 15, t. 13 P Saki, Buffon, II. N. xv. t. 12.

Hab. Brazil.

The forehead is yellow when fresh, and white when faded by ex-
posure. M. Gcoffroy thinks the colour depends on the size of tho
specimen.

** Hair harsh, white tipped.

2. Pithecia monachus. The Yarkee. B. M.

Black, grey- washed; hairs very long, harsh, white-tipped ; fore-
head and crown of male yellow, of female white.

Yarque, Buffon, Suppl. yu. t. 30 (bad). Simia monachus, Humb. Pi-
thecia monachus, Geoff. Ann. du Mm. xix. ; Gray, P. Z. S. 1800,
p 230 ; Flower, P. Z. S. 1802, t. 37 ! Is. Geoff ; Castclnau, Expcd.
Amer. Sud, t. 3. P. hirsuta, Spix, Bras. t. P. quapa, Poeppig
P. noctuma, var., Lesson. P. irrorata, Gray, Zool. Sulph. p. 14,
t. 3 (forehead bald) ! Ann. $ Mag. N. II. 1842, x. p. 250 !

Hab. Brazil.

The specimen described by M. Gcoffroy was young and in a very
bad state ; the one in the British Museum, figured in the < Voyage of
the Sulphur,' t., has the face quite bald. This is now shown to bo
accidental, as the others, more lately received, have white hairs on
tho faco.

3. Pithecia albicans. The Whitish Yarkee. B. M.

Yellowish white ; tail and largo patch on tho back black, slightly
washed with whito ; hairs with short white tips. Male, female, and
young alike.

GO CRB1DJE.

Pithecia albicans, Gray, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 231, t. 81 (not good) !
Hah. Brazil : Upper Amazons and Lake Telle, Bates.

*** Hairs cumulated.
4. Pithecia rufiventer. The Whiskered Yarkee. B. M.

Greyish black, pale-washed ; hairs rather soft, with a subterminal
yellowish ring ; forehead, like back, with moderately elongated hairs ;
moustache yellow ; belly red.

Young, Moustache white, beneath grey.

Sagouin, Buffon, Siqip. vii. t. 31. Siniia pithecia, Linn. Fox-tailed
Monkey, Mas. Lever, t. 4. ? Pithecia rufiventer, Geoff". ; Kuhl. P.
rufibarba, Ktthl. P. nocturna, Lesson. P. capillamentosa, Spix,
Bras. 1. 11. P. pogonias, Gray, Zool. Sidph. p. 13, t. 2 ! Ann. 8f May.
N. H. 1842, x. p. 250 1

Hob. Brazil.

Tho young specimen in the Paris Museum on which P. rufiventer
was described appears to be this species, but the belly is scarcely
red.

Tribe VII. BRACHYURINA.

Grinders $.$. Lower cutting-teeth long, shelving, converging,
separated from the caninos by a space. Lower jaw dilated behind.
Fur soft, silky. Claws blunt. Nostrils far apart.

10. CHIROPOTES.

Fur soft, short ; tail as long as the body, and thick, club-shaped.
Crown with hair like a wig, divided by a central longitudinal line.
Chin large, bearded on each side. The lower cutting-teeth rather
shelving. Limbs short, strong.

Chiropotes, Lesson. Cacajao, Lesson. Brachyurus, Spix ; Gray,
P. Z. S. 1849, p. 9. Pithecia, sp., 7s. Geoff.

The hair of the head is directed forward, radiating from a central
point, in the young ; but it forms a large convex wig on each side of
the crown, divided by a central line, in tho adult.

M. I. Geoffroy describes the animal as having the tail " notably
shorter than the body." In all the Museum specimens tho tail is
as long or longer.

1. Chiropotes sagulata. The Yellow-backed Cuxio. B. M.

Black ; back and shoulders yellow ; hairs of back black at the base ;
tail very thick ; beard very large.

Simia chiropotes, Humboldt, Obs. Pithecia chiropotes, Geoff". Ann.
Mus. xix. p. 110. Siniia sagulata, Traill, Wern. Soc. iii. p. 107, t. !
Brachyurus Satanas, Gray, List Mamm. B. M. 13 !

Hub. Guiana ; Orinoco ; Demerara.

11. 0UAKAIUA. 61

2. Chiropotes Satanas. The Brown Cuxio. B. M.

Fur ashy brown ; face, crown, the heard, limbs, and tail densely
hairy, hairs elongate ; chin-beard moderate.

Cebus Satanas, Hoffm. Mag. Berl. i. p. 93, 1807. Brachyurus Isiaelita,
Spix, Bras. t. 70. Chiropotes couxio, Lesson.

JIab. Brazil.

In the Paris Museum, the malo has tho back brown and tho wig
black ; the female, back and wig fulvous ; young, nearly uniform
brown, and the wig slightly developed.

3. Chiropotes ater. The Black Cuxio. B. M.

Fur black, shining ; hairs of eyebrows projecting. Young. Black,
with very short pale tips to some of the hairs on the back ; the hair
of tho crown radiating from the centre and projecting forwards ;
beard rudimentary ; tail slender, as long as the body and head.

Hab. Brazil?

4. Chiropotes albinasa. The White-nosed Cuxio.
Fur of body and head deep black, pale- washed ; nose white.
Pithecia albinasa, I. Geoff. Comp. Bend. 1848 xxviii p. 298 ! ; Arch,
dn Mus. x. p. 559 ; Castelnau, JSxpid. Amer. Sud, t. 2. f. 2 (young).

Uab. Brazil. Mus. Taris ; a single young specimen.

11. OUAKARIA.

Fur short, silky. Faco short, subcylindrical. The crown and
forehead with short hairs directed forwards. Tho chin scarcely
bearded. Legs elongate. Lower jaw dilated behind. The lower
cutting-teeth very much shelving.

Brachyurus, I. Geoff. Brachyurus, sp., Sfrix. Cacajao, Lesson.
Ouakaria, Gray, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 10.
The converging, slender, shelving lower cutting- teeth, the slender
limbs, and short tail show an affinity with Indris (in Lemuridce).

M. I. Geoffroy describes the tail of Brachyurus calvus and B. rubi-
cundus as very short, bushy, about a centimetre long. There are four
specimens in the British Museum which agree with the description of
B. calvus ; but three of them have the tail about the same length and
form as in 0. melanocephala — that is, about one-third the length of
the body ; and that of the other is short ; but then it appears to have
been cut or broken off. The vertebra of the tail of the small white
specimen is 6 inches long, so that the length of the tail iu the
stuffed specimen does not depend on the stuffing. i

G2

CKBIDiE.

* Ftir black, yellow- and red-varied.
1 . Ouakaria melanocephala. B. M.

Black ; back and sides of body yellow ; loins, outside of thigh, and
end of tail red chestnut.

Simia melanocephala, Humboldt, Obs. Zool. t. 29 (not good). Pithccia
melanocephala, Geoff'. Brachyurus ouakaria, tipix, Bras. t. 8
(good). Ouakaria Spixii, Gray, P. Z. S. 1849, p. 10, iig. !

Ilab. Brazil.

* * Fur whitish or reddish. Albino of the former.

2. Ouakaria rubicunda. The Red Acari.

Fur of the body and limbs bright red, of neck fulvous yellow,
of nape pale yellow.

Brachyurus rubicundus, Is. Geoff". Cat. Mamm. p. 57, 1851 ; Arch, du
Mus. v. p. 905, t. 30 ; Castelnau, JExped. Amir. Sud, t. 4. f. 2 (tail
too short).

Hab. Brazil.

3. Ouakaria calva. The White Acari. B. M.

Throat deep golden red. Fur fulvous, whitish on the back, and
yellow or golden below and on inner surface of limbs ; tips of the
hairs of the crown black, and of some of tho hairs of tho back grey.

Female. Beard elongate, red and black.

Var. Back with some reddish hairs.

Brachyurus calvus, Is. Geoff. Cat. Mamm.' p. 57; Arch, du Mus. v.
p. 560; Castelnau, Exped. Amer. Sud, t. 401 (tail too short). Oua-
karia calvus, Gray, P. Z. S. 1849, p. 10, fig. (skull) !

Hab. Brazil : Para.

Tribe VIII. IIAPALINA.

Grinders | . f- (as in old-world monkeys). Lower cutting-teeth
vertical, in a regular series. Lower jaw not dilated behind. Nostrils
far apart, lateral.

* Lotver cutting-teeth elongate, slender, linear, of the same size as the

canines.

12. HAP ALE.

Conch of ears rather large, exposed, bald externally, with cross
band of elongated hairs on the inner surface of the conch, forming
an elongated pencil. Tail annulated. Back punctated, rarely indis-
tinctly banded. Lower cutting-teeth elongate, slender, linear, as
high as the canines.

Jacchus liapale, Gray, P.Z. 6'. 1800.

■13. jacchus. 63

Hapale aurita. The White- eared Marmoset. . B. H.

Blackish ; minutely punctulatcd with yellow or reddish ; sides
of head, limbs, and hinder part black ; crown brown ; face largo ;
spot on forehead and short car-tufts grey.

Jacchus auritus, Geoff. Ann. Mus. ; Gray, P. Z. S. 1866 !

Var. 1. Back blackish, without any indication of cross band.

Var. 2. Back red ; punctulated with narrow, faint, paler cross
bands, especially on tho loins.

Hab. Brazil.

Sec

a. Jacchus hwneralifer, Geoff. Face, shoulders, chest, arms,

and ear-tufts whito ; thighs brown-and-white grizzled.
Hab. Brazil.

b. Hapale chrysoleucos, Nattcrcr; A. Wagner, Ann. Nat. Hist.

No. 74, 1843 ; Wiegm. Archiv, viii. H. albida, mani-
bus caudaque splendide rutilo-fulvis, auriculis albo penicil-
latis. Altitudo 0", long, caudce 12|". Bahia. Mus. Vienna.

13. JACCHUS.

Conch of ears large, bald, with a tuft of elongated hairs, forming
an expanded tuft on the front edge of the ear opening. Hair of
sides of crown elongate. Tail annulated with black. Back cross
banded. Lower cutting-teeth elongate, slender, cylindrical, as long
as canines.

Jacchus, Gray, P. Z. S. 1866.

Jacchus vulgaris. The Blaclc-eared Marmoset. B. M.

Blackish ; back and outside of the thighs with grey cross bands ;
head with whito spot on upper part of nose.

Simia Jacchus, Linn. Ouistiti, Buff on, II. N. xv. p. 96, t. 14. Hapale
Jacchus, Illiger ; Gray, P. Z. S. 1842 !

Var. 1. Ear-tufts whito, head black.
Jacchus vulgaris, Geoff. Ann. du Mus.
Var. 2. Ear-tufts white, hinder part of head and back of neck
grey.

Jacchus albicollis, Spix, Bras. p. 33, t. 25.

Var. 3. Ear-tufts black, head and neck black.

Jacchus penicillatus, Geoff.; Sptx,Bras. t. 26.
Var. 4. Ear-tufts black, head and neck blackish, face, temples, and
forehead whitish.

Jacchus leucocephalus, Geoff.
Var. 5. Like var. 4 ; but face, cheeks, and throat paler grey
brown.

Jacchus leucogenys, Gray, List Mumm. B. M.

04 cebidje.

Var. 6. Head and neck black, like var. 3 ; but no white spot on
the nose. Young without any ear-tufts.

The young animals are nearly black, without any pencil to the
ears, and with the tail ringed. The young J. penicillatus has no
white spot on the nose.

See Jacchus chrysopygris, Natterer ; Mikan, Del. Flor. et Faun. t.
Black ; rump and inner side of thighs golden ; forehead lurid
yellow ; mane descending below the humerus. Hab. Brazil.

14. CEBUELLA.

Ears small, short, slightly hairy externally, hid in the elongated
reversed hair of the crown ; no ear-tufts. Tail darker-ringed.
Back punctulated. Lower cutting-teeth elongate, cylindrical, as
long as the canines.

Jacchus, § Cebuella, Gray, P. Z. S. 180G.

Cebuella pygmaea. B. M.

Fur ferruginous yellow, black- and red-varied ; neck, chest,
belly, and inside of the limbs yellowish ; hands and feet yellow
brown.

Ilapale pygmaia, Spix, Bras. p. 32, t. 24. f. 2 ; Is. Geoff. ; Castelnau,
Expkl. Amer. Sud, t. 5. f. 1, 2. II. (Cebuella) pyguuea, Gray,
P.Z.S. 1800.

Hab. Brazil.

15. MICO.

Ears large, exposed, naked externally, and internally without any
pencil of hairs. Tail black, not annulated. Lower cutting-teeth
elongate, slender, cylindrical, as long as the canines.

Mico (part.), Lesson. Jacchus, § Mico, Gray, P. Z. S. 1800.

Mico melanurus. B. M.

Fur ashy brown ; head and limbs dark brown ; front of body
paler ; front of thighs and band across loins Avhitish ; tail black.

Jacchus melanurus, Geoff'. J. leucomeros, Gray, Ann. $■ May. N. If.
1840 ! J. (Mico) melauurua, Gray, P. Z. S. 1800 ! Ilapale niehunua,
Wagner f Schreb. v. p. 15.

Albino. Body, hoad, and limbs white ; tail black. B. M.

Mico, liuffon, II. N. Simia argentata, Linn. Jacchus drgentatus,
Geoff. Fair Monkey, Pennant. Cebus canus, lilainv. Osteogr.

Hab. Brazil ; Bolivia, Bridges.

* * Lower cutting-teeth short, truncated ; loiver canines conical, exserted.

10. LEONTOPITHECUS.
Head covered with elongate hairs, those round the face bent back-

17. cEDirus. 65

ward. Face rather naked. Ears bald, partly hidden. Tail not ringed.
Lower ciitting-tcoth short, truncated. Canines conical.

Leontopithecus, Lesson.

1. Leontopithecus Rosalia. The MariJcina. B. M.

Golden yellow more or less red.

Marilrina, Biffon, II. N. xv. 108, t. 1G. Simia Rosalia, Linn. Midas
Rosalia, Geoff'.

Var. Head, feet, hands, and end of tail blackish.

Hah. Brazil.

2. Leontopithecus chrysomelas. B. M.

Black ; circumference of face, forearms, hands, and base of tail
fulvous.

Midas clirysoinelas, Kuhl. Ilapalc chrysomelas, Pr. Max. Abbihl-
p. 11, t.

Hah. Brazil.

Very like a melanism of L. Rosalia ; but the hands and feet, which
arc sometimes blackish in that species, arc yellow — that is to say, not
changed.

17. OEDIPUS.

Face and sides of the head rather naked. Crown with a patch of
hair, which is often elongated. Tail not ringed. Hair of neck
elongated. Lower cutting-teeth short, truncated. Canines conical.

CEdipus, Lesson.

a. Hair oil crown forming a large erect crest. No. 1.

b. Hair on crown short, bent back. No. 2.

* Hair on crown elongated, erect, forming a large tuft.

1. (Edipus titi. The Pinche. • B. M.

Grey brown ; outside of limbs, and base of tail, washed with rufous ;
tuft on crown, throat, chest, belly, fore limbs, and front edge of hind
limbs white ; end of tail black.

Pinche, Puff'on, II. N. xii. 1. 17. Simia CEdipus, Linn. Midas Oedi-
pus, Geoff. (Edipus titi, Lesson.

Hab. Brazil.

** Hair on crown short, forming a narrow oblong patch. Hapanella.

2. (Edipus Geoffroyi. B. M.

Grey brown ; hair soft, blackish at the base ; nape, back of the

K

06 CEBITS.

neck, and base of tail chestnut ; crest, throat, chest, foro legs, and
front of hind legs white ; end of tail black.

Midas (Edipus, var., Spix, Bras. t. 23, 1823. Ilapalo Geoffroyi,
Pucheran, Rev. Zool. 1845, p. 33(5. Midas Geoffroyi, I. Geoff. Cat.
p. 03.

ITab. Panama, Salvin.

18. MIDAS.

Face and forehead hairy. The hair of the head like that of the
body. The cars large, naked, without any tuft. The lower cutting-
teeth short, truncated ; canines conical. Tail black, not ringed.
Midas, Geoff.

a. Lower lip white. Nos. 1, 2, 3.

b. Nose black, whiskers white. No. 4.

c. Nose black ; faco brownish, with somo groy hairs. No. 5.

d. Nose and lips black. No. 6.

* Lower lip white. Mystax.

1. Midas mystax. B. M.

Black ; back and thigh brownish-washed ; beneath dull black ;
nose and upper and lower lip with a broad tuft of long white- hairs.

Midas mystax, Sjpix, Bras. p. 29, t. 32 ; Geoff. Cat. p. 04.

Hah. Peru ; Upper Amazons.

See Midas pileatus, I. Geoff. Cat. p. 03 ; Arch, du Mus. v. t. 31.
BroAvn, reddish-washed ; limbs and tail black ; crown bright
red ; noso and lips white. Hub. Brazil.

2. Midas labiatus. The Red-bellied Midas. B. M.

Black ; the hinder part of the back washed with grey ; hinder
part of the chest, belly and insido of the limbs, and underside of the
base of the tail rufous ; tip of nose and edges of tho upper and lower
lip white.

Midas labiatus, Geoff.

Hab. Brazil : north side of the Amazons, Bates.

3. Midas rufiventer. The Crowned Midas. B. M.

Black ; hinder part of tho back washed with ashy grey ; the chest,
belly, insido of tho limbs, and tho underside of the baso of the tail
bright dark rufous ; tip of the nose and tho edges of the upper and
lower lip white ; crown of the head with a rufous spot, and the nape
grey.

Midas rufiventer, Gray, Ami. Sf Mag. N. II. xii. p. 398 ! Gray, P. Z. S.
18G0 ; Zool. Sulph. t. ! M. elegantulus, SUtck, Proc. Acad. N. S.
' Philad. 1801, p. 403.

Hab. Brazil.

18. MIDAS. G7

** Nose black; whiskers white, broad.
4. Midas leucogenys. White-cheeked Midas. B. M.

Black ; back, and outside of hind limbs, washed with reddish grey ;
face black, with a large triangular white spot under each cheek.
M. leucogenys, Gray, P. Z. S. 18GG!
Hub. Brazil.

See M. nigricollis, Spix, Bras. t. 21 j but it is difficult to determine
if the nose is white or black in the figures. In the descrip-
tion the lips are said to be white.

* * * Nose black ; /ace brownish, with some grey hairs.

5. Midas flavifrons. The Brown-headed Midas. B. M.

Black; hinder part of back rather mottled with white; head
pale brown, black-varied.

Midas flavifrons, Js. Geoff. Cat. p.J34, 1848; Castclnau, Mamm. Exped.
Amcr. Sud, t. G. f. 1.

Male. Outside of limbs bright-rufous- washed ; underside of body
and inside of limbs red brown.

Female. Outside of limbs and underpart of body blackish.
Uab. Brazil, Bates.

Sec also —

a. Midas rufordger, I. Geoff. Cat. p. G4, 1848 ; Castclnau, Exped.

Amor. Sud, t. 5. f. 3. Back, loins, thighs and legs bright-
red chestnut. Hah. Brazil. Mus. Paris.

b. Midas Dcvillii, Is. Geoff. Cat. p. G4 ; Castclnau, Exped. Amer.

Sud, t. G. f. 2. Loins, thighs, and legs bright-red chestnut ;
back black, anmdatcd with grey ; head, neck, and front part
of the back and fore limbs, and four hands and tail black.
liab. Peru. Mus. Paris.

c. Midas nli/rifrons, I. Geoff. Cat. p. G4. Forehead and circumfe-

rence of face black ; crown of tho head, tho throat, neck,
and front limbs brown, finely punctated with red (hairs an-
nulated at the tips with these colours). Back black- and
yellow-ringed ; croup and hinder limbs red-punctated ; lower
part of body and insides of limbs reddish brown '; hands and
tail black.

d. Midas III if/eri, Pucheran, Mag. Zool. 1845, p. 33G. Head black;

back and loins black- and fulvous-banded ; the rest of tho
body red ; tail and hands black. Uab. Columbia?

e. Midas fuscicollis, Spix, Bras. t. 1. M. Weddellii, Dcville, ltev.

Zool. 1H49, p. 55; Is. Geoff. Cat. p. G5. Loins, thighs, and

f2

08 TjEUXTBIdm.

legs bright-red chestnut ; circumference of face and forehead
whito. Hab. Bolivia.

•*** Nose and lips black. Tamarin.

6. Midas ursulus. The Tamarin. B. M.

Black ; hinder part of the back rather mottled with greyish white.
Var. 1. Hands black. B. M.

Tamarin negre,' Buffon, Supp. vii. t. 32. Midas ursulus, Geoff. Jac-
chus tamarin, Gray !

Var. 2. Hands yellow or orange. B. M.

Tamarin, Buffon, II. N. xv. p. 92, t. 13. Simla Midas, Linn. Midas
rufimanus, Geoff. S. Lacepedii, Fischer , Bull. Soc. Moscow, 1800,
p. 23. M. Lacepedii, Slack, Proc. Acad. N. S. Phil. 1801, p. 401.

Hah. Brazil.

19. SENI0CEBUS.

Head naked in front ; hinder part of head covered with short
hairs. Ears bald, exposed. Tail not ringed. Lower cutting-teeth
short, truncated. Canines conical.

(Edipus, part., Lesson.

Seniocebus bicolor. B. M.

Grey, brown-punctulated ; back of head, neck, chest, and fore legs
white ; tail black above, brownish beneath and at the tip.

Young. Face rather hairy ; forehead naked.

Midas bicolor, Spix, Bras. p. 31, t. 24. f. 1. (Edipus titi, junior,
Lesson. Hapale bicolor, Wagner ; Schreb. v. t. 12.

Hab. Brazil.

Fam. IV. LEMURIDiE.

Cutting-teeth -| or ^, dissimilar ; upper small, separate in pairs,
vertical ; lower larger, contiguous, shelving forward ; the two outer
larger, opposed to the space between the upper cutting-teeth and
the canines (they aro probably the lower canines). The fingers and
toes free, well developed ; the first toe shorter. Claw of the second
toe subulate ; of the first elongate, curved ; the others flat. Hab.
Old continent : Africa, Madagascar, or India. Nocturnal; sleeping
in the day, rolled into a ball, with the tail between the hind legs
and convolute round the body.

Lemuridfe, Gray, P. Z. S. 1803, p. 131.

V CENTRAL PARK, ^
O* NEW YORK, -a

lemuiud.e. 00

Synopsis of Tribes and Genera.

Section A. Legs elongate. Tail long {except in Indris).

a. Teeth 30; lower cutting-teeth 0; grinders £ •£.

Tribe I. Lkmurina. The cars moderate, hairy, more or less hid in the
fur. Feet shorter than the tarsus.

* Head elongate ; muzzle elongate.

1. Varkcia. The head surrounded by a ruff. Ears tufted.

2. Lkmur. Head without any ruff. Wrist with a narrow bald lino and

pad above.

3. Prosimia. Head without any ruff. Ears externally hairy. Wrist

hairy.

** Head roundish ; muzzle short.

4. IIapalemur. Upper cutting-teeth on the inside of canines.

5. Cheirogaleus. Upper cutting-teeth in a regular arched series.

Tribe II. Galaoonina. The ears elongate, bald, contractile on the hinder
edge, folding bach on the head. 'Feet short and broad, about two-
thirds the length of the shank or shin.

* Head elongate ; face produced.

0. Otooale. Tail bushy. Upper cutting-teeth nearly in the same line.
** Head roundish ; face short.

7. Gat-aoo. Tail bushy with long hairs. Upper cutting-teeth equal,

slender.

8. Lkimi.kmimi. Tail with close-sot short hair. Upper cutting-teeth

in an arched series, two middle larger.

n. Teeth 34 ; lower cutting-teeth 4 ; grinders f-'J. Feet short, broad.

Tribe III. Microrhynchina. Head round ; face flat. Ears small,
hidden.

9. MlCRORHYNCHUS.

Tribe IV. Indrisina. Head elongate ; face rather produced. Ears pro-
minent, hairy.

10. Propithecus. Tail elongate.

11. Indris. Tail none.

Section B. Arms and legs equal. Tail none. Feel short.

Tribe V. Lorisina. The hands normal; fingers free, index clawed.

12. Nycticedus. Limbs short.

13. Loris. Limbs elongate, slender.

Tribe VI. Ferodicticina. Hands broad, short ; index finger abortive,
clawless.

14. PEitoDiCTicus. Hands and feet large. Nape spinous.

15. Arctocehuh. Hands and feet small. Nape unarmed.

70 LT5MUHIDJE.

Section A. TJie legs much longer than the arms. Fingers free, tvell de-
veloped. Tail elongate, huirg, except in, Indris.

Tribe I. LEMUMNA.

Head elongate; face more or less produced. Ears moderate,
hairy externally, more or less hid in the fur. Feet shorter than the
tarsus. Upper cutting-teeth suhequal, on the side of the more or less
prominent intermaxillary bone. Tail elongate, hairy. The great toe
short, broad. The length of the feet is shown in the skeleton by
the tarsal bones being shorter, or not longer, than the metatarsal
ones ; they aro shorter than tho shank or tibia, being generally about
two-thirds tho length of that part of the leg.

Lemurina, Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825 ; P. Z. S. 1803, p. 183.

a. Head elongate ; muzzle elongate. Ears exposed.

1. VARECIA.

The cheek and chin suiTounded by a fringe of long hair. The ears
pencilled at the end. The wrist hairy. The skull elongate. Face
tapering, broad behind, and shelving on the sides of the nose ; su-
perciliary ridges prominent, much higher than the forehead.
Varecia, Gray, P. Z. S. 18G3, p. 135.

1. Varecia varia. TJie Ruffed Maucaco. B. M.

Fur black-and-whito varied, rarely all black or all white.

Ruft'ed Maucaco, Penn. Syn. p. 118. Lemur melanoleucus, Gray.
L. macaco, Gmelin ; Linn. S, N. ; Geoff. Ann. Mas. xix. p. 215;
F. Cuv, Mamm. Lith. t. L. mocaco, Geoff. Van, Buffon, II. N.
xiii. t. 27 d; Sckreb. t. 40 B ; Audeb. Makis, t. 01. i. 5. Pro-
simia macaco, Gray ; Lesson, Spec. i. p. 233. Varecia varia, Gray,
P. Z. 8. 1803, p. 130 !

Var. 1. Side of the nose, mouth, ears, back of neck, back, and
sides white ; forehead, belly, outer side of limbs, and tail black. —
Buffon, II. N. t. xiii. t. 29.

Var. 2. Black ; colour on the check and neck, the limbs, and an
indistinct band round the body white.

Le Vari a ceinture, Geoff. Rev. Fucy. t. ; Audeb. Makis, t. 17. f. 0;
F. Cuv. Mamm. Lith. t. Prosimia subcincta, A. Smith.

Var. 3. Grey white ; muzzle, top of the head, shoulders, arms,
inner side of thighs, tail, and four hands deep black or brown. —
Audeb. t. 10. f. 5.

' Var. 4. AVhite.

Var. 5. "White, with a brown spot on the forehead, a larger one
on each side.

Var. 0. Black. B. M.,

1. VARECIA.

71

The Ulack Macaco, Edw. Glean, v. t. 217. Lemur niger, Geoff. Aim.
Mus. xix. p. 150. L. macaco, Linn. Varecia nigra, Gray, P. Z. S.
1803, p. 130 !

Hab. Madagascar.

Skull with the face much lengthened, tapering. The nose high,
shelving on the side to the central ridges. The grinders large ; the
upper cutting-teeth one before the other, on the side of the project-
ing intermaxillary. The intcrorhital space very narrow and de-
pressed. Length of skull 3" 9'", breadth at zygomatic arch 2".

Fig. 1.

Varecia varia.

2. Varecia rubra. The Red Maucaco. 13. M.

Fur red ; wrist or ankles more or less white.

Lemur ruber, Geoff. 1812. Prosimia rubra, A. Smith. V. erythro-
mela, Lesson. Varecia rubra, Gray, P. Z. S. 1803, p. 130 !

Hab. Madagascar.

Skull wider, orbit more diverging, and the side of the nose higher
and Hatter than in V. varia.

72

LHMUMlKi:.

3. Varecia leucomystax.

Groyj patch on lower part of back and fringe round the face
white.

Lemur leucomystax, Bartlctt, P. Z. S. 18G2, p. 347, pi. 41. Varecia
leucomystax, Gray, P. Z. S. 18G3, p. 186 !

Ilab. Madagascar. Living in the Zoological Gardens.

2. LEMUR.

Face without any ruff. Ears hairy externally. The hand with a
bald line up the inside of the wrist, ending in a bald spot above.
Tho tail ringed. A dark gland on the middle of the rump. Upper
cutting-teeth subequal, rather shelving. Skull with the forehead
convex ; face rather compressed, round above.

Lemur, Linn. ; Gray, P. Z. S. 18G3, p. 13G. Procebus, Storr. Fro-
simia, part., Brisson.

Lemur catta. The Ring -tailed Lemur, B. M.

Ashy ; sides of back brownish ; chest and belly, sides of face, ears,
and frontal spot whito ; orbit and end of muzzle blackish ; limbs
greyer.

Ring-tailed Maucaco, Penn. Syn. Lemur catta, Linn. S.N. i.p. 45;
Geoff. Ann. du Mas. xix.t. 02 ; Gray ! Maucaco. Julio. Birds, iv.
1. 11)7; Schreb. t. 41 ; Shaw, Mas. Lever. t. 11. Mocaco, Buff'on, H.
N. xiii. t, 22; Mem. Mus. t. ; Audeb. Makis, t. 14. f. 4; F. Cuv.
Mamm. Lith. t. Prosimia catta, Lesson, Sp. M. p. 223. Procebus
cinerea, Brisson, p. 157.

Hub. Madagascar.

Skull quite adult, length 3" 2'", breadth 1" 10'"; the interorbital
space flattened; narrow ; forehead convex.

Fig. 2.

Lemur catta. (Huxley.)

3. prosimia. 73

3. PROSIMIA.

The head without any ruff or fringe. The ears hairy externally,
naked at the tip, more or less exposed. The wrist hairy. The skull
elongate ; the face produced, rather compressed on the sides, rounded
above ; forehead flat.

Prosimia, Brisson ; Gray, P. Z. S. 18G3, p. 137.

a. Temple, cheek, forehead, and crown white. No. 1.
6. Temple, under the car, and throat white. No. 2.
C. Temple coloured liko the buck. Nos. 3, 4.

d. Temple rufous, tho hair olongato beneath. Nos. 5, G.

e. Temple and cheek rufous. Nos. 7, 8, 9, 10.

Prosimia rufifrons is easily known by the two small white stripes
across each side of the rump ; P. albifrons by the white back of tho
head ; P. melanocephala by the black head and yellowish fur ; P.
xantliomystaos by the indistinct broad black stripe down the back ;
P. albimana by the black dorsal streak and crescent at the base of
tho tail and white feet ; P. coronata and P. collar is by tho rufous
band across the forehead.

* Temple, cheek, forehead, and crown white.
1. Prosimia albifrons. The White-fronted Maucaco. B. M.

Grey brown, hairs minutely punctulated ; face and end of the tail
black ; hinder part of the head, including the forehead, cheeks,
temples, and base of ears, pure white ; chest, belly, and inside of the
limbs Avhitish grey.

Lemur albifrons, Geoff. ; Audeb. Makis, t. 3 ; Bennett, Zool. Gardens,
i. p. 299, fig. ; Hoeven, Nat. Tijdsch. xi. t. 1. f. 2 (a skull). L.
Frederici, Schinz, p. 112. Prosimia albifrons, Gray 1 Lesson.

Hub. Madagascar. Living in the Zoological Gardens.

* * Temple, under the car, and throat white.

2. Prosimia nigrifrons. B. M

Blackish or grey, greyer on tho sides beneath ; base of the ears
reddish white ; cheek, throat, and chest white ; noso grey ; orbits,
forehead, cheeks, and end of the tail black or blackish.

Lemur nigrifrons, Geoff. ; Bennett, Zool. Gard. i. p. 301, fig. ; Pettier,
Gaz. t. 17. f. 8. Prosimia ocularis, Lesson. P. nigrifrons, Gray !

Hab. Madagascar.

* * * Temple coloured like the back.
3. Prosimia melanocephala. B. M.

Fur yellowish brown, washed with black ; chin and beneath pale
rufous ; head black above ; cheeks, under the ears, with a convex
puff of hair of the same colour as the back ; tail brown, blacker at
the end ; hands and feet dark reddish brown.

74 LBMUKIDiE.

Prosimia melanocephala, Gray, P. Z. S. 1803, p. 137, t. 18 !

Young of same specimen (perhaps a hybrid with some other
yellow-puffed species). Head rather paler ; spot on side of the neck
rather yellower and more silky and puff-like. B. M.

Ilab. Madagascar.

4. Prosimia mongoz. The Woolly Maucaco. B. M.

Fur reddish grey ; throat, chest, and heneath reddish grey ; the
crown of the head hlack ; face, chin, streak up the forehead and
across the crown of the head hlack ; cheeks and sides of the forehead
iron-grey.

Lemur mongoz, Linn. Mongous, Buffon, II. N. xiii. p. 298, t. 26.
Lemur albifrons of Menageries. Woolly Maucaco, Penn. Prosimia
(Mico) mongoz, Lesson ; Gray ! Mongoz, Edw. Glean, i. t. 210.

Ilab. Madagascar.

The specimens of this species vary in the breadth of the hand or
streak on the head; but it is always known by the black nose and tho
iron-grey spot on each side of the forehead. Skull elongate, length
3" 6'", breadth 2" ; canines very largo ; interorbital space broad,
convex ; forehead flat ; orbits produced on tho sides.

**** Temple rufous, the hair elongated (forming a kind of whisker)

heneath.

5. Prosimia rufifrons.

Pur grey, with two small whito cross streaks on each side of the
rump ; throat and beneath rufous ; nose and line up the middle of
the forehead black ; sides of nose, cheeks, and largo spot on each side
of the forehead white ; tail blackish, rather rufous at tho base.

Lemur mongoz, Sclircb. Saugeth. i. t. 39 a (moderate). Lemur rufi-
frons, Bennett, P. Z. S. 1833, p. 100; Fraser, P. Z. S. 1845 ; Zoul.
Typica, t. (bad). Prosimia rufifrons, Lesson; Gray I

Ilab. Madagascar. B. M.

Both Schreber's and Eraser's figures leave out tho peculiar stripes
on the side of tho rump.

Lemur rufus (Geoff.), Maid roux (Audeb. Makis, t. 2), seems
to resemble this species ; but we have it not : it may be
only a variety.

Lemur rufwenter (I. Geoff. Cat. Marara. p. 71) and Lemur jlaviv enter
(I. Geoff. Cat. Mamm. p. 72) are probably allied species.

0. Prosimia xanthomystax. B. M.

Fur grey brown, with a broad, black, indistinct dorsal streak ;
chin, chest, and beneath pale rufous ; head and back of neck black ;
a large puffy spot on each side of tho throat under the ear bright

3. PKOSIMIA. '5

rufous ; a largo spot on each side of the forehead over the eyes grey ;
tail brown, blackish-washed.

Lemur xauthomystax, Grai/, B. M. Prosimia xauthomystax, Gray,
P.Z. S. 1803, p. 138, t. 17.

llab. Madagascar.

This may be easily known from P. mongoz (with which it agrees
by having the grey spot on the forehead) by the dorsal streak and
the red puff on the tomples.

#**«• Temphs and cheeks and sometimes the sides of the neck rufous.

7. Prosimia coronata. 13. M.

Fur pale grey ; beneath reddish white ; face white ; temples,
cheeks, and forehead rufous ; spot on the crown of the head black ;
tail blackish, rufous at the base.

Lemur coronatus, Gray, Ann. $ May. N. II. 1842, x. p. 257 ; Voy.
Sulphur, t. 4. Prosimia coronata, Gray, P. Z. S. 1803, p. 138.
Var. White. Maid albinos, Chenu, Ency. H. N. Quadr. p. 203, fig.
Hub. Madagascar.

Lemur chrysampyx (Scheurmann, Acad. Brux. xxii. 1848), ac-
cording to M. I. Gcoffroy, differs from the foregoing species
in the absence of the black spot on the crown, and the white
colour of the lower and outer parts.

8. Prosimia albimana. The White-handed Maucaco. B. M.

Fur dark iron-grey, with a black streak on the hinder part of tho
back, and a black broad crescent at the base of tho tail ; nose, outer
base ' of tho ears, hands, chin, chest, and beneath white ; temples
and sides of tho throat rufous ; spot on forehead and underpart of
orbit blackish.

Lemur mongoz, Audeb. Makis, 1. 1. L. albimanus, Geoff. Prosimia
albimana, Gray, P. Z. S. 1803, p. 139; Lesson.

llab. Madagascar.

See Lesson's Propilhecus Brissonianus, from L. mongoz, var. c,

Gmelin, said to be brown above, dirty white beneath, with a

whito nose and hands.

9. Prosimia anjuanensis. The Grey-fronted Maucaco. B. M.

Fur reddish iron-grey ; chin and beneath paler ; nose, head, nape,
front of tho body, and shoulders blackish grey ; temples and outer
base of the ears black ; a large roundish spot on the side of the
neck, under the ears, rufous ; tail blackish -washed.

Lemur anjuanensis, Geoff. Ann. Mus..f. xix. 101. Simia sciurus, &c.
Pet. Gaz. xiv. t. 8. Prosimia fusca, Brtsson. P. bugi,ZcssoM,Sp. Mamm.

70 LVMVUIDJE.

p. 227. Le mongous, Lemur nigrifrons, var., F. Cuv. Mamm. Litliuy.
t. L. albifrons, Guerin, Icon, t. 2. f. 3. P. anjuanensis, Gray !

J lab. Madagascar.

Easily known from P. collaris by the small size of the rufous spot
on the side of the neck, and the black nose and head.

Considered by M. Cuvier tho female of L. albifrons ; but Mr.
Macleay (Linn. Trans, xiii. p. 024) says that both sexes of this
8j>ecies have a white forehead.

10. Prosimia collaris. B. M.

Fur dark or pale iron-grey ; nose, outer base of the ears, chin,
throat, and beneath white ; orbits, temples, sides of the face, chin,
and sides of the throat rufous ; tail iron-grey, rufous at the base.

Lemur collaris, Geoff. Prosimia collaris, Gray, P. Z. S. 1863,
p. 189 !

Ilab. Madagascar. B. M.

This species differs from P. albimana in the rufous spot on tho
side of the face being moro extended, and the hands and feet are
dark iron-grey. There is no dorsal stripe or crescent at the base
of the tail.

See Lemur rufus, Audeb. Maids, t. 12. f. 2 ; Schrcb. t. 39. f. 1.
Prosimia rufa, Lesson, Spec. Mamm. p. 228. Golden orange
above, yellowish whitejbeneath ; checks and forehead white,
with a black band extending to the occiput ; muzzle black ;
tail rufous, with a black tip.

Lemur rubrivonter, Is. Geoff. Compt. Itend. xxxi. p. 870.
L. flaviventer, Is. Geoff, Compt. Rend. xxxi. p. 870.

B. Head roundish ; muzzle short.

4. HAPALEMUR, I. Geoff.

Cutting teeth 2-^, the upper ones behind the other on each side,

crowded on the inside of tho canine. Ears short and hairy. Tail
elongate, hairy. Hinder limbs much longer than the front ones.

Hapalolemur, Giebel, 1859. Hapalemur, Gray, P. Z. S. 1803, p. 141.

Hapalemur griseus. B. M.

Dark iron-grey, with a yellowish tingo ; hairs black, with a sub-
apical reddish band ; undersido rather paler.

Lemur griseus, Geoff. 1790. Maid gris, Ihffon, Supp. vii. t. 24.
Cheirogaleus griseus, Van der Iloeven, Tijdsch. 1844, xi. t. 1. f. 1
(skull). Hapalemur griseus, I. Geoff. Cat. Meth. p. 75.

Hah. Madagascar. Shot in the woods.

The upper cutting-teeth are placed one before the otber, and
crowded so as to be on the inner side of the canine.

5. CHEIROGALEUS.

/ /

See Hapahmur olivaceus, I. Geoff. Cat. p. 75. Ilab. Madagascar.

Fig. 3.

JIapalcmur griscus. (Mivart.)

5. CHEIROGALEUS, Geoff.

Head very short, muzzle tapering. Ears small, hidden, bald on
the edge. Cutting-teeth 2-£, the middle larger, in an arched scries
on sides of intermaxillarics ; the first false grinder in the upper jaw
large, conical, erect, like a small canine, and in the lower jaw also
rather large. Legs rather elongate, more equal than in the true
Lemurs. The feet are short and broad, about two-thirds of the
length of the shank.

Myspithecus, Fr. Cuv. 1833. Myoxicebus ct Cebugale, Lesson, 1840.
Cheirogaleus, Geoff. ; Wagner, 1840; Gray, P. Z. S. 18G3, p. 142.

M. Isidore Geoffroy, in his account of the genus Hapalemur,
states that in Cheirogaleus « the cutting-teeth are in straight cross
lines, and the ears are membranaceous." If this is correct, the species
here described are not Chcirogalei.

1. Cheirogaleus Milii.

" Grey brown ; palpebral, sides of mouth, and whiskers black ;

throat, chest, and belly white ; cars moderate, scarcely exserted,

edge smooth, crest hairy ; head globose ; muzzle broad, depressed."

Maid nain, F. Cuv. Mamm, 1821. Cheirogaleus Milii, Gcof. 1828,

1\ Z. S. 1803, p. 142.

Hub. Madagascar.

78 LEMTTRIDJK.

2. Cheirogaleus typicus. B. M.

Reddish brown ; checks, throat, and beneath white ; orbits black-
ish ; tail cylindrical ; fur on outside of ears blackish.

Cheirogaleus typicus, A. Smith, S. African Journal, ii. ; Gray, Cat.
Mam in. B. M. p. 17 j P. Z. S. 18(33, p. 142.

Ilab. Madagascar.

Length of foot 2"; length of head about 2", and width about 1|",
as well as it can be measured on a stuffed specimen.

3. Cheirogaleus Smithii. B. M.

Pale bay ; chin and beneath pale yellow ; outside of ears pale
brown ; orbits blackish ; streak on nose and betA\reen the orbits
white ; the hairs are slate-colour at the base.

Cheirogaleus Smithii, Gray, Ann. $ May. N. II. 1842, x. p. 257 ; Cat.
Mamm. Ii. M. p. 1(5 ; P. Z. S. 1803, p. 143. Microcebus pusillus,
Waterhouse, Cat. Mus. Z. S. ed. 2. p. 12. no. 89. Le Rat de Mada-
gascar, Buffon, Supp. iii. t. 20 ?

Hab. Madagascar.

Length of hind foot 1" 2"'.

This specimen is' about one-fourth the size of C. typicus. It
may be the young of it ; but the teeth, so far as one can see in a
stuffed specimen, appear to be perfect.

There is a specimen in spirits in the British Museum, from the
Zoological Society, that was named Microcebus pv&illus by Mr.
Waterhouse in the second edition of the Catalogue of the Museum
of that Society, which agrees with this animal in almost all particu-
lars ; but the ears appear larger and bald, and the fur of the under
part of the body whiter — perhaps both particulars arising from its
having been preserved in spirits. The length of the feet and the
teeth agree ; but the feet and, especially, the hands are white and
hairy, while in the dry specimen they arc brown and nearly without
hair.

It is sad to observe the persistence with which an error may bo
endowed. Vigors and Horsficld, in the ' Zoological Journal ' in
1828, described an American Douroucouli as a Lemur, under the
name of Cheirogaleus Commersonii, believing that it came from Ma-
dagascar. This error was soon corrected ; but Lesson retains it
among the Lemuridse, and renamed it Glicebus rufus ; Schinz, in
his ' Systematic Catalogue,' published in 1844, still retains it, and
calls it Scartes rufus (vol. i. p. 102) ; andGiebel, ' Die Siiugethiere,'
published in 1859, p. 1018, still regards it as a Cheirogaleus.

Le Rat de Madagascar (Buffon, Supp. iii. t. 20) well represents
this animal ; but it has been considered the typo of the genus
Microcebus, which is described as having a long slender foot.

The following generic and specific names have been applied to this
animal : —

Microcebus, Geoff. 1828. Myscebus, Lesson, 1840. Myocebus, Schinz,
1844.

0. 0T00AM5. 79

Microcebus rufus, Geoff. Corns Mamm. 1825 ; In. Geoff. Cat. 80.
Lemur pusillus, Geoff. Bull. Phil. i. p. 89, 1795. Galago madagas-
cariensis, Geoff. Tab. d. Quadr. 1812.

Button's figure of le Rat de Madagascar, which is tlio typo of
Lemur pusillus, represents the animal as having a short hind foot,
and in that particular better represents my Gheirogaleus minor than
any animal that M. I. Geoffroy would place with the Galagina, or
M. Dahlbom with the Macrotarsce. I have never seen a Lemur with
small ears and a long foot ; so that I suppose a true Microcebus has
not occurred to mo ; but I doubt much if Buffon's figuro represents
the genus.

Tribe II. GALAGONINA.

The cars elongate, bald, thin, very contractile on the hinder edge;
folding back on the head. Feet broad, short, about two-thirds the
length of the shank or shin.

A. Head clonyate ; face produced. Eyes moderate.
6. 0T0GALE.

«

The ears very long, membranaceous, the hinder edge contractile,
so as to fold up the conch like the long-eared Bats. Cutting- teeth
-^ ; upper slender, equal, nearly in the same line ; lower close
together, and projecting horizontally forwards. Skull rather elon-
gate, broad. Anterior false grinder elongate, erect, conical, com-
pressed, with a slight notch at each side near its base ; the lower
canine large, conical, bent up ; grinders large, broad. Feet broad,
short, only two-thirds the length of the shank. The toes broad,
with distinct roundish disks. Tlio thumb very broad. The eyes
very largo ; the iris very contractile, leaving a very small, erect,
oval or lanceolate pupil. Tail very long, with spreading hairs,
tapering at the end.

Otogale, Gray, P. Z. S. 1803, p. 139. Callotus, Gray, P. Z. S. 1803,
p. 145 (from life).

* Skidl and face clonyate. Otogale.
1. Otogale Garnettii. The Blade Galago. B. M.

Pale brown, yellowish beneath, with a white narrow band on each
sido of the loins ; tail half the length of tho body, perhaps in-
jured.

Otolicnus Garnottii, Oyilby, P. Z. S. 1838, p. 0. Otogale Garnettii,
Gray, P. Z. S. 1803, p. 140, f. (skull). O. crassicaudata, var. a,
Lesson.

Hob. Port Natal.

Skull, length 2" 11'", breadth 1" 10^'".

80

I.EMUHID.K.

Fig. 4.

Otoyale Garnettii.

2. Otogale crassicaudata. B. M.

Fur dark brown ; tail very long and thick.

Otolicnus crassicaudatus, Peters, Mossamb. t. 2, t. 4. f. 1-5 ; Schrank,
Cat. Bones B. M. Qalago crassicaudatus, Geoff. 181*2 ; Blainv.
Osteoy. t. 1. f. 1. O. galago, Illiger. Otogale crassicaudata, Gray,
P. Z. S. 18G3, p. 140 ! Lemur crassicaudatus, Blainv.

Hab. East and West Africa ; Mozambique, Sundevall.

Skull, length 2" 7'", breadth 1" 8'". '

3. Otogale Monteiri. B. M.

Uniform pale grey ; sides of the nose rather dark ; hair of the
body soft, dark slate-colour, with long, white, rather crisp tips.

Callotus Monteiri, Gray, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 145 ! Otogale crassicau-
data, var.Kirkii, Gray, P. Z. S. 1864, p. 450 ! fialago Monteiri,
Bartlett, MS. !
Hab. Western Africa: Angola.

Skull very similar to the preceding. The teeth slightly different.
Scoalso Sclater, P. Z. S. 1804, pp. 711, 712. The difference in
the colour I do not think can depend on the season. 0. Monteiri
was grey at all times.

Fig. 5.

Galayo Monteiri. (Mivart.)

81

Galar/o Monteiri. (Mivart.)

* * Head short, broad ; face short, conical ; ci/es large. Euoticus.

4. Otogale pallida.

B. M.

Fur palo grey, whitish beneath, with a roundish white spot on the
side, over tho axilla, and the groin ; tail very long, cylindrical, nearly
half as long again as tho body and head.

Otogale pallida, Gray, P. Z. S. 18G3, p. 140, t. 10.

Var. Tip of tail white.

Otolicnus apicalis, T>u Chaillu, Travels, p. 471 ; Boston Jonrn. 18G1,
vii. p. 3(!J. Microcebus elegantulus, Lceonfe, Proc. Acad. N. S.
Philad. 1857 ; Slack, ftoc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1801, p. 153.

Hab. Fernando To, Cajpt. Burton.

Feet 2" 6'". Skull, length 2", breadth 1" 4'" ; orbits " pro-
minent and produced on tbc sides ; wider than tbe zygomatic
arch.

This species, which has the tectb exactly like tbc other Otogalac,
by tbe shortness of its head and tbe large size of the eyes and orbit
of the skull forms a passage to the Galagoids.

82

l.KMURrDiK.

Otogale pallida.

b. Head roundish ; face short. Eyes very large.

7. GALAGO.

Ears large, pellucid, membranaceous, hinder edge contractile.
Outtiiig-teoth ■—■ ; tho upper equal, slender, the lower shelving up-
ward. Tho upper canines erect ; tho lower ones decumbent,
shelving forward and upward. The first false grinder short,
broad, threc-lobed, like the others, and not prominent and erect
like the canines. Feet elongate, slender, nearly as long as the
shank or shin ; tarsal bone longer than tho metatarsal.

Cheirosciurus, Cuv. $• Geoff. 1795. Galago et Golagoides, A. Smith.
Scai'tes, Swainson. Galago, Gray, P. Z. S. 18G3, p. 145.

Mr. Ogilby says that the index finger is partly opposable to the other
fingers and forms a group with the thumb (Proe. Zool. Soc.~) ; but
this does not ngree with our observations or with the construction of
the fingers of specimens in spirits.

* Tail thick, with spreading hairs; fingers and toes very slender, elongate;
the upper cutting-teeth placed in an arched line, one before the other.

1. Galago Allenii. B. M.

Fur dark, blackish brown ; forehead, rump, and base of tail grey ;
arms and legs reddish-washed; nose-streak and underside of body
whitish ; tail black ; fingers and toes very slender, free ; ears mo-
derate. Length of hind foot 2" 10'". Skull (imperfect), length about
2" 2'", breadth 1"5'".

Galago Allenii, IFaterhouse, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 87. Otolicnus Allenii,
Van der Iloevcn. Galago acaciarum, var., Lesson.

Var. gabonensis. Skull small, 2", width 1" 4£"\ 15. M.

Galago otolicnus gabonensis, Mivart, P. Z. S. 1804, p. 047.

JTab. West Africa : Gaboon ; Fernando Po.

There is a considerable difference in the two skulls of this species
which we have, though the skins resemble each other very closely,
so much so that it would not be easy to distinguish them as varieties.

/. GALAGO.

8:3

The one from Fcniaiulo Po is larger, and the upper cutting-teeth
form an arched series, and the grinders are very large and broad.
The one from the Gaboon is rather smaller in size, the upper cutting-
teeth are in nearly the same straight transverse line, and the grinders
arc scarcely three-fourths of the general width of those of the other
skull : both skulls seem to have their perfect and permanent teeth.
Probably this may arise from the sex of the specimen ; but the sexes
are not marked, and there is no external character to distinguish
them. Tn a third and younger specimen the uppor cutting-teeth
arc subequal, and placed one above the other ; so that this seems to
be the normal position of the teeth.

Fig. 8.

Galago Allenii. (Mivart.)

* Tail clavate, hair of lower part adpressed, of end spreading : the. fingers
and toes broader, shorter ; upper cutting-teeth very slender, in a straight
cross line. Otolicnus.

Fig. 0.

Galago maholi.

2. Galago maholi. ]}. ]\r.

lirownish grey ; nose-streak, face, throat, and beneath whitish ;
cars large ; tail elongate, rather longer than head and body, subcla-
vate, rather browner than the back.

Length of foot 2" 3'". Skull, length 1" G'", breadth 1" 0'".

Galago maholi, A. Smith, Must. S. African Z. t. Octolicnus galago
Wagner, Saugetii. Suppl i. 292? G. scncgalcnsis, var., /. Geoff.
Cat. p. 81. Octolicnus galago, var. australis, Wagner. ? Little
Mauearo, Lemur , JJrown. Illust. Zool. t. 44, 177(5. L mil-
iums, Shaw, Zool. p. lOli, t. ?,7 (upper fig.). Scartes , Sivaimon,

Class. Matnm. p. :J52, 1838. • '

Var. Smaller ; orbits darker. ]3_ ]yf

Hah. South Africa.

Brown's figure scorns to represent this species; but the hind foot

v, 2

84

LEMU11IDJE.

is too short — having about the same proportion, compared with the
shank-bone, as in Lepilemur ; therefore- 1 have only referred it to this
species with doubt. In Brown's figures the long claw is represented
as being on the great toe, instead of the first toe.

Tho fine male specimen which served as the typo of Sir Andrew
Smith's figure has the orbits of tho same colour as the rest of the
faco ; in two other rather smaller specimens in the Museum tho orbits
are darker, in one nearly black.

There are two skulls of this species in the Museum Collection
both from South Africa. They vary very slightly in the size of the
teeth, especially in the breadth or squareness of tho grinders. The
upper cutting-teeth are cylindrical, elongate, of the same size, and
placed in a nearly straight cross lino ; tho first upper false grinder
is broad and lobed, like the second one.

3. Galago senegalensis. B. M.

Ears oblong, rounded at the end ; fnr grey ; nose-streak, chin,
and beneath white ; tail and feet blackish brown; tail rather longer
than the body and head ; orbits blackish.

Length of hind foot 2" 3'", of head 1" 7'".

Octolicnus galago, IUiger. Galago senegalensis, Geoff. 1790 ; /. Geoff.
Cat. 81. G. Geoffroyii, Fischer, G. acaciarum, Lesson. Lemur
galago, Schreb. Sawjcth. t. 38 15. Lemur cidago, Shaw, Zool. p. 108.
L. minutus, Guv. 'Tab. Elem. p. 101. Galagoides senegalensis, A.
Smith.

Hab. West Africa : Senegal ; Gambia.

Fig. 10.

^&fca&s*^r |

Galaijo sennariensis.

4. Galago sennariensis. B. M.

Bluish grey ; face and feet blacker ; orbits black ; throat and
underpart of body and inside of limbs white; tail very long, one-
half as long again as the body and head, blackish ; ears very large,
rounded ; fingers and toes slender.

Length of hind foot 2". Skull, length 1" G'" (about tho back
being imperfect), width 1'.! 2'".

Otolicnus teng, Heboid. MS. Smulev. K. V. Acad. Hand. 1812,
p. 202. Galago senegalensis, ltilpp. Sdugeth. t. 8. Galago (senega-
lensis) sennariensis, Kotzschy, MS.; Gray,P.Z.S. 1803, p. 147 !

Hah. Sennaar, R'uppeU ; Kordofan, Ruppell.

7. GALAGO.

85

The upper front cutting-teeth are very slender, longer and more
produced, the upper grinders aro broader and squarcr, and the
hinder one is more triangular than in G. maholi.

There are three specimens of this species in the Museum, unfor-
tunately not in a good condition ; hut they all decidedly differ from
G. maholi, especially in the length of the toes, and in the fingers
and toes being more slender. These three species arc very similar,
but I think they may easily bo distinguished by the length and
colour of the tail. G. maholi and G. senegalensis havo the tail
not more than one-fifth as long again as the body and head. In G.
maholi the tail is rather dark, but grey ; in G. senegalensis it is much
darker, being blackish brown. In G. sennariensis the tail is much
longer than the body and head, and black. There seems also to be
some difference, although difficidt to describe, in the proportion of
the cars and the head.

Fig. 11.

X3.

XJ.

Galago sennariensis. (Huxley.)

The following species have not come under my observation : —

1. Galago conspicillalm, I. Geoff. Cat. p. 81. Ears acute, tri-

angular, acute at tho tip ; fur above black-brown, beneath
grey ; tail elongate. Hah. Port Natal ; South Africa ;
Guinea.

2. Ololicnus peli, Tcmm. Esquiss. Zool. p. 42 : Mus. Lcydcn.

3. Otolicnus senegalensis, Peters, Mossamb. ii. t. 4. f. 11—13. Hah.

Mozambique.

8(5

LlOiMUHID.K.

*** Tail slender, cylindrical; cars smaller. Ilemigalago.
Ilemigalago, Dahlbom, 1857.
" A now genus, intermediate between Galago and Microcebus,
I. Geoff."

5. Galago Demidoffii. 15. M.

Brown; side of face dark; nose-streak white, narrow; chin,
throat, and below reddish grey ; tail one-half as long again as the body
and head, darker at the hinder half; skuLl, length 1" 5'", width
10|"'j length of hind foot 1" 8'".

Galago Demidoffii, Fischer, Mem. Ac. Mosc. i. t. 24. f. 1, 180G. Eemi-
galago Demidoffii, DaJilbom, Stud. p. '2:50, 1. 10. Galago senogalciisis,
L. Frascr. G. murinus, Murray, Edinb. Phil. Journ. n. s. x. t. 11.
Galagoides Demidoffii, A. Smith.

Hah. West Africa : Gaboon.

There are several specimens of this animal in the Museum Col-
lection. The skin of the adult measures about 5 inches long, from
the tip of the nose to the base of the tail ; the tail is 1\ inches long ;
the hind foot and shin are about 1 inch 8 lines long. There are
some smaller specimens in spirits, which appear to be younger,
which have the hind foot only from 1 inch 4 lines to 1 inch 0 lines
long.

I am induced to suppose that Mr. Murray's Galago murrmis from
Old Calabar is the young of this species, as the hind foot is figured
about 1| inch long.

The skull without a lower jaw, which in the Museum Catalogue
of Bones is put under Microcebus myoxinus(j>. 33), evidently belongs to
this species.

Fig. 12.

Galago Demidoffii.

8. LEPILEMUR? I. Geoff. 1851.

Cutting-teeth -jp the two front upper longer. Ears elongate,
membranaceous, bald, and exposed. Foot broad, shorter than the
shank. Tail cylindrical, covered with close-set short hair.

Lepilemur, Geoff. ; Gray, P. Z. S. 18<>,% p. 14;}. Microcebus, Water-
house ; Peters ; Jlivarl.

8. LF.l'ILKMUK.

87

Fig. 13.

WW

Lepilemur murin us

(Mivart.)

* Hack uniform. Species 1.
** Hack with black streak, forked on forehead. Species 2.

* Back uniform.

1. Lepilemur murinns. B. M.

Back pale reddish grey, undcrpart of the fur deep black ; broad
streak up the nose between the orbits, the cheeks, and the underside
whitish ; in front of the orbits on the side of the nose brown ; tail
rather browner, slender, rather longer than the head and body ; ears
rather large, rounded at the end, pale, covered with short scattered
hairs on the outside.

Lemur minimis, Miller, Cim. Phy.s. p. 25, t. 13. Microcebus murinus,
Waterhouse, Cat. mm. Zool. Soc. p. 12. no. 90 (male), (i.ilago
minor, Gray, Ann. 8, May. N. IT. 1842, x. p. 257. ? Little Macaco,
Penn. Quad. Lepilemur murinus, Gray, P. Z. S. 18G3, p. 143.

Ilab. Madagascar : from Zoological Society.

Miller's figures very well represent this animal, but the tail is
more bushy and browner than in our specimens ; the feet arc of the
proper size and form. The skull of tho adult male has a rather
longer noso than those of tho typical Qalar/o; and tho orbits are very
largo, but scarcely so largo as some of the species of that genus. It
is 1" 2.^'" long, and 9| lines broad. The two front upper cutting-
teeth are large and bifid, the inner ones small and cylindrical. Tho
upper canines arc erect; the lower ones are decumbent. Tlie first
and second upper false grinders are slightly conical and compressed.

88 LEMUKID.K.

Fig. 14.

Lepilemur murinus,

8eo

a. Microcebus myoxinus, Peters, Mossamb. Saugeth. i. p. 14, t. 4.

Lepilemur myoccinus, Gray, P. Z. S. 1803, p. 144. The
figure of Dr. Peters agrees pretty well with the Museum
specimen of L. murinus ; but the whole colour of the fur is
rather darker, and tho cars are larger. The figure of the
skull also agrees well with that of L. murinus. This is not a
Microcebus as now restricted ; the feet are too short and
broad for that genus. In the figure the feet are short, two-
thirds of the length of the tibia. Hub. Eastern Madagascar.
Skull, length 1" 4'" (according to the figure), breadth 10|'".
It is very like Cheiroyaleus SmitJtii, but the ears are too large.
The ears are very apt to be unnaturally stretched in the stuff-
ing, or the converse and allowed to shrink in the drying.

b. Otolemur (igisymbanus, Coquerel, ltev. et Mag. Zool. 1851),

p. 459, t. 18. f. 1 (skull). From Zanzibar Island. Coquerel
" believes it to be Cheiroyaleus galayo."

c. Lepilemur mustelinus, I. Geoff. Cat. Mamm. ; Archives du

Mus. t. Rufous ; throat white ; forehead and cheeks grey ;
lower part of body yellowish ; the tail, hands, and lower part
of the legs yellowish grey ; outer side of the last third of the
tail brown ; tail two-thirds the length of the body ; ears
large, rounded, membranaceous, dark. Length of head and
body 14", of tail 10". Hah! Madagascar, 1842. The descrip-
tion of this animal agrees in most particulars with Lepile-
mur, but it is said to havo no upper cutting-teeth. May not
this be a peculiarity of tho single specimen on which the
species is founded ?

** Bach ivith a black streak, forked on the occiput.

2. Lepilemur furcifer. P.M.

Grey ; back with a streak, forked on the occiput and extended
to the eyes ; end of the tail black.

Lemur furcifer, Blainv. Osteoyr. p. 35, t. 7, 1830. Clieirogaleus fur-
cifer, Is. Geoff. Cheirogale, CJienu, Encycl. Quadrum. p. 209,
f. 218 ? Lepilemur furcifer, Gray, P. Z. A*.' 1863, p. 145. Micro-
cebus furcifer, Mivart, P. Z. S. 18G4, pp. 021 (Hg.), 042.

llab. Madagascar.

9. michoruynciius.

89

Dr. Dahlbom observes that this species would be a Lcpilcmur if
it were "without upper cutting-teeth; but as owx Lepilcmures havo these
teeth, I think it had better bo placed in tliis genus.

Tail elongate ; face rather compressed; orbit large, like Otoyale ;
the cutting-teeth produced horizontally in front, the lower much the
longest ; the first upper false grinder elongate like a canine. —
Blainv. Osteog. i. t. 7. f.

Fig. 15.

Lcpilemur furcifer. (Mivart.)

Head short, subglobosc
Ears small, hairy, hidden.

Tribe III. MICltORIIYNCIllNA.

Face short, tapering. Eyes large.

9. MICRORHYNCHUS.

Tail elongate, cylindrical, hairy. Ears hidden under the fur.
Thumb and index finger without tlio second phalange. Nostrils se-
parated by a narrow septum. Hind foot short and broad. Claws
elongate, convex, acute ; claw of first too elongate, cylindrical.

Microrhynchus, Jonrdan, 1834; Gray, P. Z. S. 18G3, p. 141. Ava-
his, /. Geoff. 18.%. [ndris, A. Smith, 1834. Semnoccbus, Lesson,
1840. Lichanotus, Ittiger ; Wagler. Avahi, Jourd. Habrocebus,
Wagner.

90 LKMUKm/K.

Microrhynchus laniger. The Avahi. B. M.

Brown, varied ; rump, spot over groin, and beneath whitish, with
a narrow white lunate band on the forehead.

Lichanotus laniger, Ittiger. Lemur laniger, (inn tin. Maki abourres,
Sunnerat, i. 81); cop. Buffon, Supp. viii. 1. .'55. Lemur lanatus,
* Schreb. Indria longicaudatus, Geoff. Ann. 3fus. xix. p. 158. L.
brunneus, Link, Beytr. p. 65. Seninocobus Avahi, Lesson ; lloe-
ven, Nat. Tijds. xi. t. 3, and t. 2. f. 6, skull. Avahi, Juurdan, In-
stitute, 1834, p. 231.

Hub. Madagascar.

Length of foot about 2| inches.

Tribe IV. IND11ISINA.

Head elongate. Face well developed. Eyes moderate. The hind
foot short, broad. Great toe very long, slender.

Lichanotina, part., Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825. Indrinina, Gray, P. Z. S.
1803.

10. PROPITHECUS.

Ears short, smooth inside, and visible in the fur, Nostrils sepa-
rated by a moderato septum. Tail elongate. The two middle
upper cutting-teeth very largo, oblique, sharp-edged. Great toe
long, hairy.

Propithecus, Bennett, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 20. Macromerus, A. Smith,
1834. Ilabrocebus, Wagner, 1840.

Cutting-teeth ^j- ; upper chisel-shaped, expanded at the end, two
middle larger; lower elongate, subulate, decumbent. Canines | ;
upper canines broad, lower elongate, decumbent. Fur formed of
long, straight, silky hairs. Head, nose, and top of the back black.
Forehead, ears, thorax, and tail yellowish white. Shoulders, sides,
and beneath white. Lips with black hairs. Between the eyes and
over the claws are some yellowish hairs.

Propithecus diadema. The Propitheque. B. M.

Grey ; limbs yellowish ; hand and top of the head black ;
shoulders and part of back blackish ; circumference of face white.

Propithecus diadema, Bennett, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 20. Macromerus
typicus, A. Smith, South African Journal. Lemur diadema, Blainv.
Ost. t. 8. f. 3; t. 11. f. 2.

Ilab. Madagascar.

11. INDRIS.

Upper cutting-teeth largo, strong, compressed, one before the;
other in an arched line. Ears exserted, hairy. Nostrils separated
by a very narrow septum. Body thick. Feet short; tarsus shorter

11. i Ninas.

than the metatarsus. Tail rudimentary, very short,
very long, slender, and covered with hair.

!)l
The great toe

Lichanotus, HHfjer, 1811. Pithelemur, Lesson, 1840. Indris, Lacep.
Geoff. Iiuhi, Cuvier. Stolicnus, Flcm.

Indris brevicaudatus. Black Indri.

13. M.

Blackish; ears short, rounded; muzzle, abdomen, and inside of
limbs greyish ; loins white.

Indris brevicaudatus. Geoff'. Ann. Mm. xix. p. 1-17. Lemur indri,
Gmel. i. p. 42. Lichanotus niger, Gray. L. indri, IUir/er. Indri
maucaco, Venn. Quad. i. p. 228. Indri niger, Audeb. Indris, t. 7.
f. 1. Indri, Sonnerat, Voy, Ind. ii. t. 088; Schreb. t. 88, c. Pitlie-
lemur indri, Lesson, Spec. Mamm. i. p. 208.

Var. white, called Simpoune.

Indris albus, Vinson, Compt. Rend. lv. p. 829.

Hub. Madagascar.

Fig. 10.

Jto£

Indris brevicaudatus. (Huxley.)

The- claws, like those of most of the Lemuridce, when perfect,
are keeled, and end in an acute tip.

Skull. Length 3" 10'", breadth 2" 3".

The four lower cutting-teeth of the Indris occupy about the same
space as the six in the other genera, the central ones being broader,
while in the other genera, the two central pairs are very much com-
pressed and slender ; and the upper cutting-teeth are stronger and
broader ; indeed the general character of the skull is to be stronger,
though the teeth arc fewer. In other respects there is very little
(inference in the dentition.

92 LEMTJUID^.

Section B. Fore and hind leys equal. Tail none. Feet short.

Tribe V. LOMSINA.

The fore and hind legs nearly equal in length. Foot short, broad.
Great too very broad. Tail none. Index finger short.

Loridina, Gray, Ann. Phil. 1823. Lorisina, Gray, P. Z. S. 1803,
p. 140.

Fig. 17.

Loris. Nycticebus. Pcrodicticus. (Mivai't.)

12. NYCTICEBUS.

Head subglobose. Body and limbs stout and strong.

Brailicebus, Geoff. Bradycebus, Blainv. ; Lesson. Nycticebus, Cuvier,
1795 ; Geoff. ; Gray, P. Z. S. 1803, p. 149; Mivart, P. Z. S. 1804,
p. 043. Stenops, Llliger. Bradyleniur, Blainv. Cucang, Cuvier.
Tardigradus, Podd.

1. Nycticebus tardigradus. The Slow Lemur. B.M.

Yellowish ashy, with a brown dorsal streak ; forehead brown, nar-
row whitish streak between the eyes ; cutting-teeth 4 above.

Lemur tardigradus, Baffles, Linn. Trans, viii. p. 247 ; Bennett, Gard.
Zool. Soc. p. 139, fig. Stenops tardigrad us, Hoeven, Nat. Tijdschr
viii. p. 345, t. 0. f. 3, 4, 8. Lemur tardigradus, Linn. S. N. Tar-
digradus cucang, Bodd. Nycticebus Bengalensis, Geoff'. ; Vos-
maer, t. ; Buff on, II. N Supp. vii. t. 30 ; Audeb. Loris, 1. 1 ; Mamm.
Lith. t. ; Knight, Mus. A. N. f. 202.

Hub. Borneo and Sumatra.

2. Nycticebus javanicus. B. M.

Yellowish, with a broad dorsal streak ; nose, intcrorbital region,
and forehead white ; upper cutting-teeth 2.

Nycticebus javanicus, Geoff. 1812; Ann. Mus. xix. p. 104; V. d.
Hoeven, Nat. Tijdschr. viii. p. 345, t. 0. f. 1, 2, 3, 1, 7. 1. 5-7.

Ilab. Java.

See Nycticebus ceylonicus, Geoff. Ann. Mus. xix. p. 104; Seba,
i. t. 47- f. 1. Lemur tardigradus, var. c, Lesson, Spec.
Mamm. i. p. 242. Blackish brown ; back black, tinted with
yellow ashy on the belly. Ilab. Ceylon. May be only a variety
of the former.

14. PKRODICTICUS. 93

13. LORIS.

Tail none. Cutting-teeth A, upper small, nearly equal. Nose

elongate, very acute. Body slender. Limbs very long. Thigh

elongate, nearly half as long as the body. Tarsus moderate. Eyes
large, close together.

Prosimia, Cuv. $ Geoff. 1798. Loris, Geoff. 1790; Gray, P. Z. 8.
1863, p. 150. Stenops, part., Ittiger, Arachnocebus, Lesson,
1840.

Loris gracilis. 13. M.

Fur of back rufous, sooty-grey varied ; cheeks and beneath ashy
white ; spot between the eyes and in front of the ears white.

Loris gracilis, Geoff. ; Audeb. M. f. 2 ; Blainv. Ostcor/r. t. 7. f. 5. Lemur
tardigradus, Linn. Mm. A. ; Sehreb. t. 38. L. lori, Zimm. L. cey-
lonieus, Fischer, Malm, t. 7, 8, 9 & 18. Loris, Jhffon, II. N. xiii.
t. 30, 32 ; Shaw, Zool. i. t. 31 ; Seba, i. t. 35. f. 1, 2 ; Iloevcn, Tijds.
i. t, f. 4, skull ; Knight, M. A. N. f. 203, 204. Stenops gracilis,
Voiijt. Arachnocebus, Lesson.

Ilab. Ceylon ; India : Pondicherry.

Tribe VI. PEIIODICTICINA.

The fore and hind legs nearly equal in length. Face short, broad.
The hand broad. The index finger abortive, clawless. Eyes
moderate.

14. PERODICTICUS, Bennett.

Tail shorter than tho body. The hands and feet largo. Fingers
and toes free at the ends ; the index finger rudimentary, but dis-
tinct. Lower cutting-teeth large, prominent, and projecting. The
apices of the vertebrae of the back, neck, and withers projecting
beyond the skin, like prickles.

Perodicticus, Bennett, P. Z. S. 1830, p. 109. Gray, P. Z. S. 18G3,
p. 150. Potto, Lesson.

Perodicticus potto. B. M.

Very slow ; sleeps by day, rolled in a ball, with the head between
the fore legs and folded into the chest, holding on by the fore and
bind legs to the edge of tho cage. Lively by night. Hand with
only a very short rudimentary index, the ring finger rather the
longest ; foot similar, but with a regular index, armed with a
long, arched, broad nail; nails thin, oblong, transverse, rounded at the
end like the human ; nose deeply nicked in the centre, with rather
elongate semilunar nostrils on each side, rather higher than the tip
of the nose, naked, flesh-coloured ; upper part of nose rather naked ;
eyes largo, very convex, pupil oblong, rather oblique ; the four ver-
tebrae between the fronts of the bladcbones produced beyond the skin,

04

I.KMUltlD.K.

forming- serrated crests covered with a blackish skin. Blackish brown ;
fur yellowish, blackish-washed on the surface ; chin, throat, and be-
neath yellowish brown ; hair very close, woolly, yellowish, with
lunger black-tipped and rigid hairs; penis retractile into a sheath,
with roundish opening; scrotum large. — Warrick, p. 46. t. 8.
f. 28.

Perodicticus Geoll'royi, Bennett, P. Z. S. 18(50, p. 100; Murray, Proc.
Hot/. Phj/s.Soc. Edinb. 1800, p. 191, figs, of hands and feet. Potto
Bosmani, Lesson. Lemur potto, Gmel. >S. N. p. 42. Galago
guineensis, Destn. Mamm, p. 104. Potto, Busman. Nycticubas
potto, Geoff. Ann. Mas. xvii. p. 114; xix. p. 115.

Hah. Sierra Leone, West Africa.
Skull and skeleton in British Museum.

Fig. 18.

Perodicticus potto. (Huxley.)

15. ARCT0CEBUS.

Tail very short. Hands and feet small, with the lower phalanges
(not including the thumb) united in the skin, the two upper joints
free ; the index finger abortive, reduced to a, tubercle. Lower cut-
ting-teeth small, hyaline, hidden by the lips.

Arctocehus, Gray, P. Z. ,S*. 180:5, p. 150; Tluxley, P. Z. S. 1804,

p. .5.55.

15. AltCTOCEBTJS.

Fisr. 10.

05

Arctocebus calabarensis. (Huxley.)

Arctocebus calabarensis.

Perodicticus calabarensis, Smith, Proc. Hoy. Phys. Soe. Edinb. 1800,
p. 172, f. 1, 2 (hands), f. 3, 4 (lioad). Arctocebus calabarensis,
Gray, P. Z. 8. 1803, p. 150 ; Huxley, P. Z. S. 1804, pp. 321, 335.

Tlah. West Africa : Old Calabar.

Fig. 20.

Arctocebus calabarensis. (Huxley.)
A, left hand ; B and C, left foot.

0(5 DAUllUNTONTHMC.

Fam. V. TARSIIDiE.

Cutting-teeth 4, erect, cylindrical, conical ; tho two upper front
elongate, acute ; the lower ascending obliquely, crowded between
the canines. Grinders $ . {}. The fingers and toes free, well de-
veloped. The first and second hind toes shorter, each with an
elongate curved claw. Head short. Eyes and orbits very large.
Limbs free, elongate. Foot very long, as long as the shin. Tail
elongate, slender covered with short hairs ; tho tip with a pencil of
longer hairs.

Tarsina, Gray, Ann. Phil. 1828. Tarsidse, Gray, P. Z. S. 1 8C3, p. 150.

TARSIUS.

T&rsMS, Storr, 1780; Daub. 1702. Macrotarsus, Cuv. $ Geoff. Tar-
sier, Lacep. Frosimia, Shaw. Cephalophacus, Sioainson, 1885.
Hypsicebus, Lesson, 1840. Itubienus, Gray, 1821.

Tarsius spectrum. The Tarsier. B.M.

Tarsi us spectrum, Geoff. ; Dahlbotn, Studier, t. 11 (skeleton). T.
Fallasii, Geoff. T. Daubentonii, Aiuleb. ; Geoff. T. fuscomanus,
Fischer. T. bancanus, Ilorsf. Java. t. Cephalophacus bancanus,
Sioainson, Lard. Encyc. Hypsicebus bancanus, Lesson, Spec. Mamm.
Lemur tarsius, Erxl. L. spectrum, Pallas. Didelphis macrotarsus,
Gmelin. Tarsier, Buffon, LI. N. xiii. Macrotarsus Buffonii, Link,
Beytr. p. 00. Woolly Jerboa, Perm. p. 208.

Hub. Borneo ; Celebes.

#* Teeth of only two kinds. Canines none.

Fam. VI. DAUBENTON1ID7E.

Cutting-teeth £, compressed, very largo, with a space between
them and the grinders. Canines none. Grinders ^ . $■. Limbs
free. The fingers and toes well developed. The fingers very long
and slender. The great too broad. The index finger with a sliarp
curved claw. Claw of thumb flat. Faco short. Tail elongate,
hairy.

Cheiromyidae, JBonap. ; /. Geoff. Cat. Cheiromyina, Gray, Ann.
Phil. 1820. Glirisimise, Dahlbom. Daubentoniadse, Gray, P. Z. S.
1863, p. 151.

DAUBENT0NIA.

Daubentonia, Geoff. Decad. Philos. iv. p. 193, 1705: Dahlbom, 1851 ;
Gray, P. Z. S. 1803, p. 151. Aye-Aye, Lacep. 1700. Cheiromys,
Cuv'ier, 1800. Chiromys, HUy- Prod- 1811. Mystipitbecu3, Jilt/inn.

QALEOPITHECID^:. 97

Cuvier refused to use the name proposed by GeofFroy, because it
was given in honour of a person ; but as this rule has not been
generally observed, the objection ceases to be operative.

Daubentonia madagascariensis. The Aye-Aye. B. M.

Daubentonia madagascariensis, Geof. ,• Dahlbom, Studier, p. 230,
t. 12. Aye- Aye, Sonnerat, Voy. hid. ii. p. 138, t. 70, 1782. Sciu-
rus madagascariensis, Gmelin. Choiromys madagascariensis, Geoff.
180/5 ; Owen, Trans. Zool Soc. 1803.

Ilab. Madagascar.

Suborder III. DERMOPTERA.

Limbs enclosed in an expansion of tho skin. Fingers and toes
short, webbed, with opposable thumbs ; claws very sharp.

Fam. VII. GALEOPITHECIML

Cutting-teeth A ; the upper middle small ; side one compressed ;
lower shelving, pectinate. Canines j . \ ; like the molars. Grinders
£ . f . Head elongate. Ears small, rounded. Limbs short, subequal.
Neck, limbs, and tail united by a hairy expansion, serving as a para-
chute. Toes and fingers short, compressed. Palm short. Teats
placed in pairs in a large gland.

Galeopithecidre, Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825; P. Z. S. 1803, p. 151.

Synopsis of Genera.

1. GALEoriTHECus. Tail and arms moderate.

2. Galeolemur. Tail and arms elongate.

1. GALEOPITHECUS.

Tail moderate, of 1G or 17 vertebrcc. Arms moderate.
Galeopithecus, Pallas, p. 17 ; Gray, P. Z. S. 1803. Chiromys, IUiger.

* Nose of skull elongate, as long as broad. Grinders small. False grinders
elongate, narrow. Gony.v of lower jaw swollen. Galeopithecus.

1. Galeopithecus volans. The Colugo. B. M.

The second and third upper grinders low, broader than high, with
the front and hinder edge serrated ; the first moderate, four-lobed.
The first lower five-lobcd ; the second compressed, serrated. Skull
elongate ; temporal ridges separate behind.

Lemur volans, Linn. Galeopithecus volans, Shaw, Zool. t. 38. G.
variogatus, Geoff. G. ruius, Geoff. P d. ternatensis, Geoff. G.
Temminckii, Watrrh. P. Z. &'. 1838, p. 120. G. undatus, A. Wag-
ner; Schreb. Siiugcth. i. p. 320, t. 307 b. G. Temminckii, Waterh.
Trans. Zool. Soc.

Ilab. Java ; Sumatra ; Borneo ; Siam.

H

98 PTEROMDiG.

** Nose of skull short, broader titan long. Grinders la rye. False yr littler s
thick. ( j onyx of lower jaw with an acute angle. Teeth overlapping,
Colugo.

2. Galeopithecus philippinensis. The Broad-headed Colugo. P>. M.

The second and third upper grinders higher than broad, conical,
rather compressed, with a small dentation on each side ; the front
upper very small, nicked ; the third highest ; the first lower toothed;
the second conical.

Galeopithecus philippinensis, Waterh. P. Z. S. 1838, p. 119; Trans.
Zool. Soc. ii.

Hab. Philippines.

Total length 20 inches ; skull 2 inches 7 lines ; five hinder grinders
10 lines lone-.

&■

2. GALEOLEMUR.
Tail elongate, of 21 vertebra). Arms elongate. — Temm.
Galcolemur, Lesson. Galeopithecus, Temm.

Galeolemur macrurus.

Galeolemur macrurus, Lesson. Galeopithecus macrurus, Temminck,
F. Japon. Mamm. p. 9.

Hab. Ceylon. Skeleton without head. Mus. Leyden.

Suborder IV. CHIROPTERA.

Limbs and the very elongated fingers of the hands enclosed in a
thin skin. Thumb and great toe free.

Fam. VIII. PTEROPID^S.

Head conical. Ears simple, lateral ; tragus none. Nostrils
simple, rather produced. Index finger clawed (except Cephalotes).
Wings broad, long. Tail short or none. Interfcmoral membrane
narrow, margining the legs. Thumb elongate, the lower joint short,
it and the base of the longer slender ; upper joint enclosed in the
front membrane of the wing.

Skull elongate. Cutting- teeth | or rarely -| ; the upper separated
from tho canines by a space on each side for the reception of the
lower canines, and placed in the centre of the intereanine space ;
lower crowded between tho canines, sometimes pressed out by them.
Canines elongate. True grinders |-. False grinders 1 or % ; the
hinder conical, oblique ; the front small, often deciduous ; some-
times the upper are wanting.

Hab. The Eastern Hemisphere and its islands.

These Bats are spread over the warmer parts of Africa and Asia,
and are found in many of the smaller islands of the Indian and

PTI3R0WD3-:. i>')

Pacific Oceans. There is a general similarity in the colouring; and
specimens found in the same locality or island often vary consider-
ably from one another, even when examination of the skull and teeth
shows that they arc one species. On the other hand, specimens from
very different localities often resemble one another so much in their
external colouring that it is difficult to distinguish them in anydescrip-
tion that can be given ; but when the skull and teeth are examined,
they prove to be very distinct species. Under these circumstances
the locality is an important character in determining the species.
This observation is applicable to other families of Eats ; indeed the
species of these animals are so imperfectly known, and the material
in the Museums is so imperfect, that the best one can attempt to do
is to get what is contained in the Museum into groups, leaving suc-
ceeding naturalists to determine if they are species or varieties.

Many of the characters given by Temminck and others as cha-
racteristic of the species depend on the art or want of talent of the
preserver.

Synopsis oe Tiuhics and Gkneka.

Section A. Teeth 34. True grinders f, lander small. False grinders §■ ;

front minute, often deciduous.

Tribe!. Pteroimna. Cutting-teeth £■; lower in a regular series. Tail
none. Gland of penis bong.

1. Spectrum. Head round; face narrow. Ears small, hidden. Wings

from the sides of the hairy back.

2. Ptf.ijoi'US. Head elongate; face broad. Ears exposed. Wings from

the sides of the back. Pack hairy.

3. Eunycteris. Head elongate ; face broad. Ears exposed. Wings

only attached to the vertebral line; the part over the back bald, or
nearly so.

Tribe II. Maoroglossina. Cutting-teeth { ; lower in a regular series.
Tail-end free. Gland of penis Jleshg.

* Face very long, slender. Cutting-teeth isolated, in an arched series.
Grinders co7npresscd, small.

4. Notoi'tf.ris. Wings only attached to the vertebral line. Part over

the back bald. Head very long; face slender. Tail very long.
False grinders none.

r>. Macroct.ossus. Wings from the sides of the hairy back. Head very
long; face very slender. Tail short. False grinders ■], compressed.

** Face broad. Cutting-teeth in a transverse scries. Grinders thick.

0. Xantiiarpyia. Wings from the sides of the hairy back. I load elon-
gate ; face tapering. Grinders far apart in front. Fur short, ad-
pressed.

7. Eleutiierura. Wings from the sides of the hairy back. Head

elongate; face broad. Grinders close together. Fur soft, spreading.

Tribe III. Cf,rhalotina. Cutting-teeth |; lower crowded before the

base of the canities. Tail-end free. Index finger not clawed.

8. Ceimialotes. Face short. Grinders close ; upper false grinder

wanting. Upper cutting-teelli broad.

ir 2

100 rTEROPID^K.

Section E. Teeth 28. True grinders f . |. False grinders f ; /Vo»i! ?m'/wte,
o/Kwi deciduous. Wings from the sides of the hairy back. Fenis-
glandjleshy.

Tribe IV. IIappyiana. Cutting-teeth | or -jj- ; fotoer, wAe» present,
crowded before the canines. False grinders §. 7/tw/ sAorf, broad.

Nostrils tubular, diverging.

9. Haepyia. Tail short, end free.

Tribe V. Cynopterina. Cutting-teeth £ ; lower in a regular series.
False grinders f . Head broad, short, tapering. Nostrils rather pro-
minent. Shoidde-rgland with coloured hairs.

10. Cynoptkrus. Tail short, end free.

11. Megjera. Tail none.

Tribe VI. Epomopiiorina. Cutting-teeth \ ; lower in regular scries.
Front upper false grinders wanting. Head very long, swollen in front.
Nostrils rather prominent. Shoulder-gland with white hairs.

12. IIypsignathus. Face swollen and truncated in front. Nose and

chin with a fleshy disk, with raised edges. Nostrils in the notch
in the upper margin of the disk.

13. Epomophorus. Face very hairy, rounded in front. Nose and chin

hairy. Skull elongate, narrow, zygomatic arch flattened. Upper
cutting-teeth close, rather crowded together in the centre of the
intercanine space ; grinders far apart.

14. Epomops. Face rounded in front. Nose and chin hairy. Skull
ovate, rather broad. Face moderate. Zygomatic arch curved. Cut-
ting-teeth separate, far apart in the intercanine space ; grinders
close.

Section A. Teeth 34. True grinders {, hinder small. False grinders |,
front minute, often deciduous.

Tribe I. PTEROPINA.

Cutting-teeth f ; lower scries regular. Wings from sides of back
(except in Eunyteris). Tail none. Penis-gland bony.

1. SPECTRUM.

Head rounded; face produced, slender, cylindrical. Ears sin all,
slender, nearly hidden by the fur. Wings from the sides of the hairy
back. Fur soft, abundant, erect. Back, base of the wings near the
back, shoulders, hinder side of the forearm, thighs and legs, and
interfemoral membrane covered with hair. Thumb, lower joint
short, enclosed in the front membrane ; upper joint not very long,
compressed, quite free. Tail none. Penis-gland bony. Interfe-
moral membrane very narrow, only distinct near the heel-bone.
Hub. Africa, Asiatic islands, and Japan.

1. Spectrum vulgare. B. M.

Ears small ; fur soft, abundant, spreading, blackish chestnut ;
head pale yellow ; the upper arm, sides of the shoulders, back, and

1. SPECTRUM. 101

the rump bright golden yellow ; undersido of thighs and pubis
yellowish.

La Roussette, Brisson. La Rossettc, liuffon, II. N. x. t.14. Vespcr-
tilio vompyrus, Schreb. not linn. Pteropus vulgaris, Geoff". Ann.
Mm. xv. p. 92 ; 'Temm. Mon. i. p. 132 ; li. p. 74, t. 38 (young).

ffab. Isle of France ; Bourbon ; Madagascar ?

Var. mauritianum. Head and back, thighs and upper arm above,
straw-colour ; back of the head and neck bright yellow red ; a broad
lozenge-shaped spot between tho shoulders, extending a short dis-
tance down the back ; the throat, chest, and abdomen dark red
brown ; belly and underside of the upper arm yellow ; wings brown.
Ears small, narrow. Hab. Mauritius. B. M.

Temminck describes the nape as yellow ; in the Museum specimen
it is only rather yellower brown than the back, and darker than the
head.

2. Spectrum rubricolle. The lioussette. B. M.

Ears small, hidden ; wings far apart at base ; fur soft, abundant,
dark brown ; head rather grizzled ; belly with some white stiff er
hairs intermixed ; collar reddish ; forearm-bone 3| inches.

Itoussotto, Daub. Mem. Ac. Sc. 1759, p. 385. Rougette, Iiuffon, II.
N. x. t. 17. Pteropus vubricollis, Geoff". Ann. Mm. xv. p. 93.
Temm. Mon. i. p. 183, ii. p. 75 (not Sicoold). P. collaris, Licht.
JDoub. p. 2.

Hub. Capo of Good Hope ; Mauritius.

3. Spectrum dasymallum. The, Sobaosiki. B. M.

Ears small; fur soft, erect, dense, woolly. Reddish brown,
slightly grizzled; collar broad, pale yellow : head red brown ; fore-
arm bone 5| inches, hairy above two-thirds of its length. No upper
false grinder.

Pteropus dasymallus, Temm. Mon. i. p. 180, t. 10, t. 15. f. 10, 11 ; ii.
p. 73. P. rubricollis, Siebold, Faun. Japon. (not Geoff.).

Hab. Japan, Verraux.

Skull 2^ inches long, 1| wido ; zygomatic arch thin, high.
( ! tinders largo ; hinder upper and lower small, oblong, equal-sized ;
lower false grinder cylindrical, upper wanting. Upper cutting-teeth
rather broad, equal. Skull like the typical Pteropi in form.

4. Spectrum anetianum. B. M.

Fur very long, soft, abundant, dull red brown, varied with yel-
lowish or grey hairs ; hair black, with pale ends ; upper part of
nock bay ; a half collar on back of lower part of neck, and shoulders,
pale yellow ; head black, with interspersed yellow hairs ; chest and
underside black. Ears narrow ; forearms and legs hairy.

Female. Head and underside rather redder.

1 1 ah. New Hebrides : Aneitcuni, liayner.

Skull, length 2|, width l,j ; nose from orbit 9 lines ; the grinders

1 02 PTEKOI'ID.K.

small ; upper subtrigonal ; lower smaller, circular ; lower false
grinder rather large, truncated, with an oblong crown ; upper
wanting ; upper cutting-teeth rather wide. Face shorter and wider
than in P. natvaiensis, No. 14, from Nawai.

5. Spectrum leucopterum. 15. M-

Fur very soft, uniform pale whitish brown ; underside duller ;
wings thin, very pale brown, whitish at the tips ; the back, shoulders,
and nearly the whole length of the forearm with close-pressed hairs ;
thighs and legs with Avoolly hair. Forearm 5| inches.

Pteropus leucopterus, Temm. Esq. p. 50.

Hob. Philippines, Verreaitx.

2. PTEROPUS.

Head elongate ; face produced, broad. Ears largo, produced,
acute. Fur soft, of the back adpresscd, of the underside more
spreading, fuller. "VVings from the sides of the back. Back, shoul-
ders, part of the forearm, and the thighs hairy. Thumb, lower
joint short, the upper longer ; the lower joint and the base of the
upper are enclosed in the front membrane, the rest free. Tail none.
Interfcmoral membrano moderate, margining the legs and thighs.
The gland of the penis armed with a broad bone.

Tteropus, sp., lirisson, Geoff., Gray, Peters. Acerodon, Jourdan,
Ann. Sci. Nat. viii. p. 3715.

The wings are generally from the sides of the back; in some species
they arc extended backwards so as to bo attached to the sides of the
middle of the back ; but in some stuffed specimens the manner in
which they are attached is not easily determined, as the skin of the
back appears sometimes to be stretched in width. If one had
living specimens to examine and could observe their habits, I have
no doubt that those with the wings from near the centre of the back
would have some habit different from those that have them affixed
to the sides of the body ; but our system cannot go further than the
specimens at our command admit.

The species may be thus divided : —

I. Tho nape and the back of the neck yellow or red, forming a
bright tippet.

* Orbits paler. No. 1.

** Orbits like back. Sizo large. Nos. 2-7.
*** Orbits like back. Size small. Nos. 8-21.

II. Nape like back ; shoulders with a tuft on each. No. 22.

III. The nape and back of the neck like the rest of the body, or
only whiter.

* Face uniform. Nos. 23-27.

** Face with brown streaks. No. 28.
*** Face with white streaks. No. 29.

2. rrEROPirs. 103

I. The nape and bach of the neck yellow or red, forming a bright tippet.
* Orbits paler , forming rings round the eye.

1. Pteropus conspicillatus. TJie Spectacled Kahmg. B. M.

Black ; orbits brown ; uapo and back of nock red yellow ; hairy part
of back rather narrow; upper arms and thighs rather hairy ; rest of
limbs bald ; forearm-bone G^ inches.

Pteropus conspicillatus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1849, p. 109 ! Mamm. Austr.
iii. t. 29 !

Hab. East coast of Australia : Fitzroy Island. (Malay Islands,
Temm.)

Var. Underside silvered, with the white tips to the hairs ; face
browner. Hab. East coast of Australia, Capt. Stanley. B. M.

Skull large (end imperfect), about 2f inches in length, 1 inch
7 lines wide; hinder grinders small, roundish, lower smallest ; false
grinders circular, upper wanting ; upper cutting-teeth subequal.

** Orbits like back. Large-sized Bats.

2. Pteropus Edwardsii. The African Kalong. B. M.

Fur soft, nearly uniform ; back and legs black ; head, neck, and
upper part of back orange ; face and throat blackish ; underside red-
dish yellow ; sides of body and vent blackish-varied; back, thighs,
and lower half of forearms hairy, wings very hairy beneath, near
elbow.

Great Madagascar Bat, JMio. Birds, iv. t. 180. Pteropus Edwardsii,

part., Geoff. Ann. Mm. xv. p. 92 ; Temm. Monog. ii. p. 01 ; Peters,
Mossamb. i. p. 23.

Hab. Africa : Shoa ; Mohilla Islands ; Comoro group, Kirk ; Jo-
hanna Island, Livingstone.

The skull elongate ; the false grinders in the upper jaw very small,
lower larger ; the front grinder in each jaw very high, conical ; the
canines very long, slender.

M. Temminck says that the specimens from Calcutta, Pondichcrry,
and Ceylon do not differ from those from Madagascar (Mon. ii. p. 02) ;
but I behove that they arc distinct species.

3. Pteropus medius. The Wurhagool. B. M.

Blackish brown ; nape and back of neck yellow ; head, throat,
chest, and abdomen darker, red or blackish brown.

Pteropus Edwardsii, part., Geoff. Ann. MttS. xv. p. 92 ; Temm. Monog.
ii. p. 61. P. medius, Temm. Monog. i. p. 170. P. leucoceplialus,
Hodgs. Journ. As. Soc. Benq. iv. p. 700 ! P. edulis, W. Elliot.
P. Edwardsii, Waterhouse, P. Z. S. 184.°., p. 07 ! Kelaart, Prod.
27 ! P. assamensis, M'Clclland, P. Z. S. vii. p. 148 ! P. rubricollis,
M'C/cl/and.

104 rTEitoriDJE.

Hab. India : Assam, Minhot ; Nepal, Hodgson ; Madras, W.
Elliot.

Varies greatly in the intensity of the colouring. Skull 2 inches
] 1 lines long, 1 inch 7 lines wide. The teeth as in P. Kelaartii,
hut the group of cutting-teeth is much narrower, and tho space oc-
cupied hy tho grinders is rather shorter.

4. Pteropus Kelaartii. The Ceylon Kalong. B. M.

Brown ; nape and back of neck yellow ; the upper cutting-teeth
large, broad.

Hab. Ceylon (in the plains), Capt. J. Stevens.

The space occupied by the cutting-teeth is considerably (that is to
say, about one-fourth) wider than in tho skull of Bats from conti-
nental India. Externally tho two Bats aro much alike. Skull 3
inches 2 lines long, and 2 inches 8 lines wide. Grinders largo ; false
grinders of lower jaw large, of upper rudimentary or wanting ; upper
hinder grinder circular, lower oblong, larger.

See also

a. Pteropus Dussumieri, Is. Geoff. Voy. Belanger, p. 98 ; Tcmm.

Monog. ii. p. 76. Brown mixed with white ; face, throat,
neck, and beneath brown ; nape and sides of neck fulvous.
Hab. India. Mus. Paris.

b. Pteropus edulis, Peron and Losueur; Geoff. Ann. du Mus. xv.

p. 92; Temm. Mon. i. p. 172, t. 15. f. 1-0, ii. t. 35. f. 1. ;
Vespertilio vampyrus, Linn. ; V. calceno, Herm. Obs. ; Ptero-
pus javanicus, llorsf. Java, t. Black ; crown, occiput, and
nape fulvous-brown. Hab. Java ; Sumatra ; Banda.

5. Pteropus funereus. The Red-naped Kalong. B. M.

Dull black ; nape and the front of the shoulders dull red brown ;
belly with interspersed white hairs; arm- and leg-bones nearly
naked ; ears acute.

Pteropus funereus, Temm. Monog. ii. p. 63, t. 35. f. 4 ; Gould, Mamm.
Attst. iii. t. 30. P. edulis junior, Tomes, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 337.

Hab. Australia: Port Essington, Gilbert ; N. E. Australia, Elsey.
Celebes, from the Leyden Museum) Goda Island, Hewitt's group,
Jiayner.

Skull very liko that of P. medius, but narrower* ; tho upper cutting-
teeth moderate ; length 2" 5'", breadth 1" 2'".

6. Pteropus poliocephalus. Tlie Grey-headed Kalong. B. M.

Fur of back close-pressed, greyish black ; nape, neck, and sides of
the body reddish yellow ; head, chest, and middle of tho belly
greyish-brown-grizzled ; wings from sides of back, far apart ; lower
part of forearms slightly hairy.

2. tteropus. 105

Pteropus polioceplialus, Temtn. Monog. i. p. 179, ii. p. GG ; Gould,
Mamm. Aust. lii. t. 28 I

JIab. Australia : River Clarence, Gould ; Cape Upstart, Mac-
gillivray.

Var. Head and neck of male reddish black ; chest and belly paler,
or dark red brown ; female, head greyish black. Hab. North Au-
stralia, Elsey, 1856.

See also Pteropus scapulatus, Peters, Ann. & Mag. N. H. 18G3, xi.
p. 231 ; Could, Introd. Mamm. Aust. p. 47. Two humeral
spots of golden-yellow hair, and on the underside of tho
wing-membranes an abundance of woolly hair of the samo
colour. JIab. Capo York, I*eters. Size of P. mcdius.

7. Pteropus jubatus. The Maned Kalong. B. M.

Blackish brown ; back slightly grizzled beneath with many inter-
spersed white hairs ; crown of the head, occiput, and nape palo
brown (or reddish) ; sides of neck red ; face, the upper part of the
shoulders, and back black ; length of forearm-bone 7| inches.

Pteropus jubatus, Esch. Zool. Alias, t. 1G ; Blainv. Ostcoq. Cheirop. t.
], 2 (skeleton) : Watcrh. I\ Z. S. 1843, p. G7 ; Temm. Monog. ii.
p. G9. 1'. pyrrhoccplialus, Meyen, N. A. N. Our. xvi. p. G04, t. 45,
t. 4G. f. 1. Acerodon, Jourdan ; F. Cuv. Ann. Sci. Nat. xii. p.
378. P. Macklotii, Mus. Zool. Soc.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming. Stuffed adult, and an adult and a
young specimen in spirit, from Mr. Cuming.

Skull, brain-case swollen like that of P. medius, and with the
space of the upper cutting-teeth rather narrow. Length nearly 2
inches (end imperfect), width 1" 8'" ; hinder grinders small, sub-
equal ; orbits nearly complete.

*** Orbits like back. Smaller Bats.
8. Pteropus mysolensis. The Mysol Kalong. B. M.

Black ; fur of back short, close, of underside long, crisp, and with
interspersed long .white hairs ; back of crown, nape, sides of neck,
and front of shoulders bright red yellow ; head black ; wings black,
from tho sides of tho back, wido apart at the base.

JJab. Island of Mysol, Wallace ; Tcrnate, Wallace.

Var. ceramensis. Head black to behind the ear; the nape and
back of neck pale yellow, with only darker tips to the hairs. Hab.
Ceram, Wallace. Like P. Jceraudrenius; but the wings are wide
apart on the back, and the nape is orange to the shoulders.

9. Pteropus ornatus. B. M.

Fur very soft, abundant, long ; back and legs to base of toes co-
vered with long hairs ; shoulders and forearms with shorter adprcssed

100 rTKROPiD-as.

hairs ; fur dark reddish brown, with a few pale hairs intermixed ;
nape and back of neck pale yellow, redder on the sides ; face,
including orbits, pale grey brown ; arm-bone 5 inches.

u Pteropus rubricollis, Leiths, Journ. Mem. Soe. Imp. Cherb. Ver-
rcaiu."

JIah. New Caledonia (said to be half-grown).
The face is very long ; the wings are attached far back towards
the middle of the back, being about f of an inch apart on the back.

10. Pteropus Floresii. B. M.

Head, nape, and shoulders pale yellowish grey ; sides of neck
darker yellow ; chin, cheeks, and underside of body blackish brown
from the dark colour of the lowor part of tho hairs ; back with short,
soft, close-pressed pale-brown hairs ; head large ; nose thick ; fore-
arm 5£ inches ; lower false grinders large, truncated, circular ; upper
wanting.

Hab. Flores, Wallace.

Something like P. griseus, but head much larger and thicker.

11. Pteropus loochoensis. 15. M.

Black, with a few interspersed white hairs ; nape and back', and
the sides of the neck, reddish yellow, paler near the shoulders ; head
and throat blackish brown ; face and crown brownish-washed ; fore-
arms and legs bald ; hairy part of back narrow.

Hab. Loochoo, Warwick.

Var. Black, with more white hairs ; nape and neck dirty while ;
head browner ; underpart of the head and temples blackish ; hairy
part of back narrow. Hab. Loochoo, Warwick.

The yellow-napcd variety is very like P. keraudrenius, but the
skull is very different.

Skull. Length 2 inches 4 lines, width 1 inch 5 lines. The hinder
grinders oblong ; the upper rather the larger. Lower false grinders
moderate,pcircular; upper rudimentary, conical. Cutting-teeth rather
broad.

12. Pteropus argentatus. The Silver Kalong. B. M.

Black brown ; back minutely grizzled ; underside with some
longer silver-tipped hairs ; head slightly yellow-washed, especially
on temples and orbits ; sides of the forehead, nape, and back of the
neck bright golden yellow; forearm-bone 4| inches.

Pteropus argentatus, Gray, List Mamm. B. M. p. 194 ; Zool. Sulphur,
p. o0, not Ann. Nat. Hist.

Hub. Amboyna ? Island of Gobio ; New Guinea.

2. PTERorus. * 107

13. Pteropus caniceps. 13. M.

Fur of back blackish grey from the abundance of grey inter-
spersed hairs, especially on the hinder parts ; head grey, with a few
interspersed black hairs ; broad collar round neck, and over sides of
the chest and shoulders, reddish grey ; middle of throat and below
silver grey ; thighs and forearms with a few silvery hairs on the
lower half.

Hah. Batchian, Wallace.

tike P. hypomclas, but back black.

14. Pteropus nawaiensis. B. M.

Fur of back soft, adpressed, blackish grey ; head, nape, and upper
part of shoulders yellow-white, the middle part rather redder, form-
ing a badly-defined half collar ; cheeks dark grey ; chin, throat,
chest, and underpart of the body blackish ; crown with interspersed
longer, slender, yellow and greyish hairs ; thighs and legs hairy.

Ilah. Fiji Islands : Nauai, llayner.

Var. Male, underparts pale reddish brown. Hub. Viti Islands :
Ovalau, Rayner.

Skull. — Length 2 inches 4 lines ; nose from orbit 10^ lines,
slender ; orbits incomplete ; upper hinder grinder oblong ; lower
smaller, circular ; lower false grinder moderate, upper wanting.

15. Pteropus flavicollis. B. M.

Brownish Mack; head and throat blackish; crown, nape, and
sides of throat yellow ; upper and forearm and legs naked above ; fur
soft, moderately long; wings attached far back, near the middle of
Iho back ; face moderate.

Uab. Fiji Islands : Moala and Totoya ; Ovalau, liayner.

1G. Pteropus Geddiei. B. M.

Fur black ; head to the ears black ; nape reddish yellow ; throat
black.

Pteropus Geddiei, Macgiilivray, MS. B. M.

Hob. New Hebrides : Aneiteum, Macgiilivray.

See also

a. Pteropus keraudren, Quoy & Gaim. Voy. Uran. i. p. 51, t. 3,

1824 ; /'. keravdrcnius, Tcmm. Hon. i. p. 186, t. 15. f. 7
p. 777 ; /'. marianus, Desm. Marara. p. 347. Hub. Lad rones :
Island of Guan. The figure is very like tlio preceding; but
there arc several species so coloured.

b. Pteropus ionyanus, Quoy ck Gaiinard, Astrol, p. 74, t. 8, 1833.

From Tonga.

c. Pteropus vanicorensis, Quoy & Gaimard (Voy. Astrol. p. 74

108 ' PTEROPIDJE.

t. 9) Blainv. (Osteogr. Cheirop. t. G, skull), from Vanikoro, ap-
pears to bo the same as the latter variety. Quoy figures a
variety all pale reddish brown, from Tonga. Temminck,
Mon. ii. p. 797, says that the skull of P. vanihorensis is three
lines and a half shorter than that of P. kera tut renins. If this is
tho easo in these two, probably similar differences will be found
in tho skulls of tho specimens from the other islands; but this
must bo left for future study.
d. Pteropus insula ris, Voy. Pole Sud.

17. Pteropus affinis. B. M.

Fur of the back soft, adprcssed, black, slightly washed with
grey from the interspersed silvery grey hairs ; head, neck, front
of shoulders, and chest rufous ; nose, check, and chin blackish ;
crown slightly greyed with silver hairs ; chest and beneath black
grey, with abundance of elongated silvery-grey long hairs ; thighs
and legs hairy above.

Hah. Jilolo, Wallace.

18. Pteropus tricolor. B. M.

Fur of back black ; head pale-brownish white ; cheeks blackish
grey ; neck, front of shoulders, and chest fulvous ; middle of tho
chest and belly paler fidvous ; sides of the body and underside of legs
black brown ; chin blackish-washed.

llab. Ternate, Wallace.

19. Pteropus Rayneri. B. M.

Fur of the back short, adprcssed, brownish black ; head, neck,
upper part of shoulders, and chest red bay ; throat darker ; nose and
forehead blackish silver grey ; cheeks blacker ; middle of tho chest
and belly black ; sides and vent brown.

Male. Bump and thighs above reddish brown ; head greyer.

Female. Bump and thighs above yellow ; head blacker.

Young. All the colours duller ; back brown and russet brown.

Hab. Solomon Islands: San Christoval; Guadalcanal*, Itaijner.

20. Pteropus Elseyi. B. M.

Fur short, close, uniform reddish brown ; head paler, duller ;
neck, upper part of shoulders, and chest bright pale red bay ; under-
side reddish bay ; sides of the body and near shoulders pale yellowish.

Young. Back black, grey-washed ; belly black ; crown and neck
bay ; head blackish grey.

Hab. North-east coast of Australia ; Claremont Island, J. Macgil-
livray, 1800 ; North Australia, Dr. J. R. Elsey.

2. PTEitorus. 109

21. Pteropus vitiensis. B. M.

Fur of back blackish brown, reddish-washed, especially on the
sides; crown, nape, and shoulders yellow, redder in the middle portion,
forming a broad undefined collar ; throat, chest, and underside dark
brown, reddish-washed and pale-grizzled ; face and cheeks blackish,
grey-grizzled; underside of head blacker.

Hab. Viti Islands : island of Ovalau, Rayner.

Sec also

a. Pteropus ehrysoproctus, Tcmin. Mon. ii. p. 67, t. 25. f. 2

(head), t. 30. f. 7, 8 (skull). Fur of back silky, of underside
long and rough ; head, neck, chest, and shoulders bright
golden red ; back to the loins blackish chestnut ; loins, rump,
and thighs dark chestnut ; orbits and chin chestnut-brown ;
arm-bone G inches. Hab. Amboina, Macklot. Mus. Lcyden.

b. P. Alecton, Temm. Mon. ii. p. 78 ; Esq. Zool. Guinea, p, 58.

P. aterrimus, Temm. Consp. deel i. p. 333. [Black ; nape
dull bay. Hab. Minado; Bewdan (not Java) ; Celebes.

c. P. Pluto, Temm. Esq. p. 58. Fur of underside long, rigid, curled,

of upper surface smooth and shorter, black, with some scattered
yellow hairs ; napo dark reddish brown ; membrano black ;
forearm 8 inches. Hab. Island of Bali and Lombock.

d. P. vociferus, Peale, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 19, t. 1, 1848.

Dark brown ; head, neck, and belly brownish red ; middlo of
wing grey ; nose elongate, slender. Hab. Mangsi Island,
c. P. samoensis, Tcalc, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 20, t. 2. Bay
brown ; napo red ; head short and strong, fulvous ; forehead
grey ; forearm 5f inches. Hab. Samoi.

II. Nape like back, shoulders tvith a spot on each side.

22. Pteropus Livingstonii. B. M.

Uniform deep black abovo and below, with a few longer white
hairs interspersed, especially on the underside, and most abundant
on the rump, with a small roundish tuft of yellow hairs on the back
over each bhoulder ; wings black ; back, shoulders from the base of
the forearm, and the legs hairy.

Fteropus Liviugstonii, Gray, P. Z. S. 18G6.

Hab. Africa: Johanna Island.

See Pteropus molossinus, Temm. Esq. p. 02, note. Fur soft,
cottony ; head short ; nose blunt ; ears narrow, short ; tuft
of unctuous hair on each side of the neck ; hind legs quite
naked ; membrane rudimentary ; breast black brown, yel-
lowish-washed ; back yellowish brown ; wings black. Hab.
? Mus. Leyden.

1 IU riKuoriDvi:.

HI. Fur nearly uniform in colour ; nape lilce bade. ..

* Face uniform.

23. Pselaphon ursinus. The Hairy-footed Kalong. B. M.

Fur soft, rather adprcsscd, blackish brown; bolow with inter-
spersed white hairs, rather redder ; i'ace block; feet hairy.

Pteropus pselaphou, Lai/. Zool. Jburn. iv. p. 457 ; Richards. Beechcifs
Vo>/. ii. t. 2 ; Temm. Monot/. ii. t. 37, t. 3G. f. 9, 10, 11. P. ursinus,
Kiitlitz.

Hub. Island of Bonin (Loo Choo), Lay. In a bad state.

Bone at end of penis small ; wings, with the base of the toes, co-
vered with hairs ; back, shoulders, lower half of arms, thighs,
legs, and feet hairy. Skull typical ; orbits incomplete ; the group of
upper cutting-teeth rather narrow : length 2 inches 8 lines, width
1 .4 inch: hinder upper grinders oblong, moderate ; lower smaller ;
false grinder in lower jaw moderate, wanting above.

24. Pteropus Macklotii. B. M.

Fur short, close, uniform pale bay, with a more or less distinct
broad yellow half collar ; chest, and upper base of wing, pale.

Pteropus Macklotii, Temm. Mon, ii. t. 3/5. f. 5, t. 3(5. f. 4-0.

Ifab. Timor, from Mas. Leyden.

Var. batchiana. Back and beneath reddish, with a few inter-
spersed whitish hairs; penis-bone large, broad. Hah. Batchian,
Wallace.

Var.'} Greyer; a malo. Hub. Sonda Islands : Lombock, Wal-
lace.

25. Pteropus hypomelas. B. M.

Fur brownish white ; head pale brown ; shoulders and broad
collar round neck of longer spreading hairs dark red brown ; under-
side of body pale yellow brown, paler behind ; checks and upper
part of throat dusky ; haiiy part of back narrow behind ; upper and
forearm and the legs bald ; forearm 0J inches.

Pteropus argentatus, Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 107, not Zool. Sulphur.
P. hypomelas, 'Temm. Esq. p. 01.

/Tab. Aru Island, Wallace (Ternate, Temm.).

20. Pteropus griseus. B. M.

Fur rather short, close, nearly uniform pale whitish brown ; hairy
part of back narroAV ; lower part of ann with sparse, close-pressed
hairs.

Male. Back redder brown ; throat with a palo fulvous half collar.

Female. All over uniform pale whitish brown, rather darker
beneath ; forearm 3| inches.

2. PXKllOPUS. Ill

Pteropus griseus, Geoff. Ann. Mus. xv. p. 94, t. 0; Temm. Mon. i.
p. 187, t. 1 1 ; ii. p. 81, t, *55. f. 0, t. 30. f. 12, 15.

Hah. Timor, Mus. Leyden.

Skull, length 1 inch 11 lines, width 13 lines ; face rather attenu-
ated. The upper false grinder rudimentary, acute ; lower moderate,
truncate, cylindrical. Hinder grinders small, truncated ; the upper
subtrigonal, largest ; the lower suhcircular.

See also Temm. Mon. t. 30. f. 10, 17.

27. Pteropus chmonsis. B. M.

Fur uniform pale hrownish white, of the neck and shoulders rather
spreading, of the hack short, rather close-pressed ; cheek, throat, and
underside of hody rather darker; of rump, vent, and thighs rather
redder ; the lower half of forearm with long close-pressed hairs ;
wings pale hrown, outer upper edge and tip whitish ; head largo ;
nose rather elongate.

llab. China, Fortune.

Like P. leucopterus, but fur very different and face broader.

* * Face with brown streaks.

28. Pteropus personatus. B. M.

Fur rather short, close, uniform pale whitish brown ; chest and
middle of back darker; faco white, with a dark-brown streak from
nose to eye, oxtending up the forehead to meet a collar round tho
upper part of the throat ; back, shoulders, lower part of upper arm,
thighs, and legs hairy ; forearm-bone 3£ inches.

Ftoropus pcrsonatus, Temm. Mon. i. p. 189 ; ii. p. 82 ; Gray, P. Z. S.
1800, fig.

llab. Ternatc, Wallace.

Skull 1 inch 10 lines long, 1 inch 1 lino broad at tho zygomatic
arch ; the lower surface much arched. Tho hinder upper grinders
very small, deciduous; the two hinder lower small; the last very
small, cylindrical. The front falso grinder near the canines, with a
space between it and tho first grinder ; the lower moderato, tho
upper very small.

*** Face with white streaks.

29. Pteropus Wallacei. The Black-faced Kalong. B. M,

Fur very soft, reddish grey brown ; hair of the back ashy black,
of the belly ashy, with red tips ; the nape and side of the shoulders
greyer ; a broad band along the upper lip, a spot on cheek at angle
of mouth, a streak up the centre of tho nose (which are each edged
with darker brown), the back, the chin, and a lanceolate spot over

112

PTEROPIDiE.

each eye white; the hair on the upper side of the upper arm
greyish white ; ears prominent, bald, with two impressed longitudinal
grooves.

Pteropu,s Wallacei, Gray, P. Z. S. 18G0,fig. of head.

Hah. Macassar, Wallace, 1857.

A small species ; hut the specimen is very young.

Fig. 21.

n.

a, P. Wallacei. b, P. personatus.

3. EUNYCTERIS.

Wings attached to the middle of the hack, bald behind, except a
narrow streak down the middle of the back, which is covered with
soft adpressed hairs, falling off in the older animals. Shoulders, arms,
and legs and toes bald. Index finger clawed. Thumb, lower
joint short, enclosed; upper joint very long, free. Interfemoral hairy
above, narrow. Tail none. Cutting-teeth |, in a regular series.
Grinders ^. False grinders f ; lower distinct.

3. EUNYCTERIS. 113

Tcmminck observes, " P. pallidas, P. j'haiojis, and P. griseus aro
remarkable in tbe genus for tbe small extent of tho adhesion of tbo
wings to tbe back, whieb docs not exceed the width of 3 or 4 lines.
This allies them to Gephalotes, but in that genus tbe wings are only
attached to the back by a rudimentary membrane." Mon. ii. p. 77.

Eunycteris phaiops. The Phaiops. B. M.

lilaclc; head and neck bright dark-red bay; cheeks, chest, and
underside reddish black. Cutting-teeth distinct, not crowded. A male.

Pteropua phaiops, Temm. Mon. i. p. 178 ; ii. t. 35. f. 3, t. 3G. f. 123
(skull).

Hab. Hatubello Island, Wallace ; Java, Botvring.

Var. (female). Smaller than male ; throat and chest much darker
red brown ; chest and belly brighter, paler, like nape ; underside of
upper arms blackish. 13. M.

Ilab. Goram, Wallace.

Var. (female). Larger than male ; throat and chest dark red brown
like former ; chest and belly pale reddish yellow, paler in the middle
of the abdomen ; underside of upper arm blackish. B. M.

Hab. Bourn, Wallace (with young suckling) ; Coram, Verreau.v
(female). Also found, according to Tcmminck, in Macassar, Celebes,
and Amboina.

Slcull. Hinder grinder oblong, small ; the lower false grinder as
large as hinder grinder, upper wanting ; in other respects like typical
Pteropi. Length about 3^ inches, width 2| inches.

Tcmminck describes the lower cutting- teeth as crowded between
the canines in the adult. In all the Museum specimens they arc
regular.

Sec Pteropus pallidus, Temm. Mon. i. p. 184, t. 15. f. 8, 9 ; ii.
p. 77, skull. Fur very short, brown, with intermixed ash-
grey and white hairs ; oars small, rounded at tlio end.
There arc no small anterior false grinders in the upper jaw ;
arm-bone 41 inches ; nape, shoulders, and collar bright red ;
wings pale. Hah. Ban da. Very common in Sumatra and
Molucca, Temm. Mus. Leydcn and Paris.

Tribe II. MACROGLOSSINA.

Cutting-teeth | , lower in a regular series between the canines.
Tail-end free. Claud of penis llcshy.

114 PTEROPID.U.

a. Face very long, slender. Cutting-teeth isolated, in an arched series.

Grinders much compressed.

a. Wings from middle of the back. Tail elongate.

4. NOTOPTERIS.

Head elongate. Muzzle produced, Bubcylindrical. Noso simple.
Mullle narrow, bald between tho nostrils, with a deep central notch.
Ears small, lateral. Body covered with short crisp hair. Wings
broad, short, arising from the middle of tho back. Side edgo arched,
in towards the middle of tho back. Middle of the back bald ;
shouldors and rump hairy. Thumb elongate ; lower joint half the
length of the upper, and enclosed in a narrow membrane. Index
finger of three bony joints ; the last joint short, clawed. Interfe-
moral membrane deeply cut out, margining the hind legs to the heel,
hairy above and on tho undersido near the body, bald at other part.
Tail elongate, slender, tapering, many-jointed, arising from, and
with tho base attached to, the undersido of tho narrow interfemoral
membrane, as long as the hind legs.

Notopteris, Gray, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 30, t. 07.

Notopteris Macdonaldii. B. M.

Dusky brown, rather paler beneath.

Notopteris Macdonaldii, Gray, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 38, pi. 07; Ann. #
Mag. N. II. 1859, iv. p. 309.

Hah. Feejeo Islands (Viti).

Skull elongate ; the upper cutting-toeth small, far apart ; inter-
maxillary bones arched, produced on each sido ; tho lower larger,
near the base of the canines ; canines long, compressed, trihe-
dral ; grinders small, much compressed, elongate, narrow, form-
ing a continued series, the hinder one in each jaw oblong, of the same
shape but rather smaller than tho penultimate ; false grinders \ ;
the lower jaw very slender, wide behind, the branches regularly
diverging. Skull somewhat like that of Macroglossus (see Blainv.
Os. Cheir. t. 6) ; but it has an additional compressed false grinder in
each j aw.

b. Wings from sides. Tail very short.

5. MACROGLOSSUS.

Head elongate. Muzzle slender, conical. Tongue exsertile, smooth,
elongate Ears conical, prominent. Wings from tho sides of tin;
back, attached on the back of the feet to the base of tho toes. Lower
joints of the thumb elongate, enclosed in a broad membrane ; upper
longer. Tail scarcely visible, very short. Back, upperside of arms
and legs, and interfemoral membrane hairy.

Macroglossus, F. Cuv. Macroglossa, Lesson ; Fischer.

Skull elongate ; *faco much elongated, very slender ; lower jaw-
bone weak. Grinders ■£, small, compressed. Cutting-teeth J.
False grinders {, compressed. Canines slender.

G. XANTnARPYIA. 115

Macroglossus minimus. The Kiodote. B. M.

Macroglossus minimus, dray, Mag. Z. §• B. ; Tenvn. Mon. ii. p. 98.
rteropus minimus, Geoff". Ann. Mus. xv. p. 535. P. rostratus,
Horsf. Z. Java, t. ; Temm. Monog. i. p. 191, t. 15. f. 25, 30, t. 1G.
f. 1, 2. Macroglossa Kiodotes, Lesson. M. Horsfioldii, Lesson.
Kiodote, Mamm. lath. t.

Ilab. Java, Hardwklce.

Var. Smaller, darker. Ilab. Mysol Island, Wallace ; Philippine
Islands, Cuming.

Tomminck observes that " the specimens from tho differont islands
vary in the shade of colour,, and in the longth and slonderncss of the
face of tho skull." — Temm. Mon. ii. p. 97.

n. Face broad, moderate. Cutting-teeth in a continued transverse series.

Grinders oblong, thick.

G. XANTHARPYIA.

Tail short, on tho underside of the short interfemoral membrane,
free at the end. Face elongate, rather slender. Lower jaw slender.
Grinders rather far apart in front. Ears elongate. Fur short,
closely adpressed. Neck of male with a gland and radiating hairs
on each side. Wings from tho sides of the back. Back of limbs
hairy. "Wings to the base of the toes. The great blood-vessel from
the armpit and the groin simple, until it nearly reaches tho margin
of the wing. Thumb elongate ; lower joint moderate, enclosed ;
upper joint much longer, free, Index finger clawed. Interfemoral
membrane with a band on each side from the tail to the heel. Cut-
ting-teeth •£. Canine elongate. True grinders |, hinder small ;
false grinders \ , rather far apart.

Xantharpyia, Gray, List Mamm. B. M. 1843 ; Voy. Stdph. 1854.
Cynonycteris (part.), Peters, Mossamb. ; Wagner. Pachysoma
(part.), Tomes. ? Pterocyon, Peters, Monats. Prems. Ahad. Berlin,
1866, p. 25G.

* Head very slender, elongate. Fur very sparse and short, especially on the
back. Arm-bone nearly bald. Senonycteris.

1. Xantharpyia seminuda. B. M.

Fur of back chestnut-brown ; head, neck, shoulders, and upper
part of chest white ; chest and belly paler brown. Fur of back soft,
of undorpart very thin ; upper joint of thumb rather longer than the
lower. Arm-bone 3j inches.

Ptcropus seminudus, Kelaart, MS. B. M. ! P. Lesclienaultii, Kclaart,
Prod. Ceylon, p. 27 (not Geoffroy).

Ilab. Ceylon, (in spirit) Thwaites.

Sec Ptcropus Leschenaidtii, Desm. Temm. Mon. ii. p. 8G. Grey

r 2

11G rTERonn.Ti.

brown ; beneath fulvous ashy ; wings with series of wliite
spots ; face very short. Hab. Pondicherry ; Calcutta, Rouse.
Perhaps adult of former. Mus. Paris.

• *

Head elongate, attenuated. Far close-pressed, soft. Arm-bone very
hairy. Neck of nude with gland and half-collar of long unctuous hairs.
Xantliarpyia.

2. Xantharpyia straminea. B. M.

Pale brown, yellower on the loins ; head darker ; throat of the
male with a broad reddish-yellow half-collar.

Pteropus stramineus, Geoff. Ann. Mas. xv. p. 05 ; Temni. Mon. i.
p. 196, t. 15. f. 12, 13 (skull), ii. p. 84; Simdevall, Stock. Vet. Acad.
Hand. 1842, p. 200. Xantliarpyia straminea, Gray, List Mamm.
11. M. Pachysomia straminoum, Tomes, P. 'A. S. 1800, pp. 44,55 ;
ib. 1801, t. 1. f. 0? PPtex'ocyon poleaceum, Peters, Mortals. Akad.
Perl. 1805.

ITab. Africa: Egypt; Senegal, Mas. Lcyden ; Sennaar, Botla ;
Guinea, Pet. ; Gambia, Itendall; Sierra Leone, Strachan (in spirit).

Skull (length above 2 inches) imperfect; hinder grinder roundish,
the upper rather the largest ; false grinders conical, acute, upper
small, near the canines. The scrotum very large, naked, wrinkled
and rough, as large as two hazel nuts.

Geoffroy and Temminck described the species from some specimens
which were said to have been brought by Peron from Timor ; but
M. Temminck, though in his first volume he declared the Timor
habitat " certain," in the second volume considers that he and
Geoffroy were misled, and that Sennaar and Senegal arc the proper
habitats ; but Dr. Peters seems to believe that there is a Timor and
an African species.

See Ptei'opus stramineus, Geoff. Ann. du Mus. xv. p. 45 ; Temm.
Monog. i. t. 15. f. 13 (skull); Blainv. Osteogr. Chcirop. t. 0
(skull from Timor); Tomes, P. Z. S. 1861, t. 1. f. 6.

ITab. Timor, Peron.

Dr. Peters says this is different from the P. stramineus, Temm.
Monog. ii. from Africa.

Temminck's description of the specimen in Paris, said to be
brought by Peron from Timor, agrees with the African specimens of
this animal. M. Temminck gives Timor as the "patrie ceilaine," in
vol. i. j). 195 ; but in vol. ii. p. 84 he says ho was misled, and thai
it inhabits Sennaar and Senegal.

7. ELEUTHERURA.

Tail short, on underside of short interfemoral membrane, free at
the end. Pace moderate, broad. Lower jaw strong. Grinders close
together. Ears elongate. Neck of the male with a gland covered
with radiating hairs on each side. Cutting-teeth \. Canines elon-

7. ELEUTHEHUKA. 117

gate. Grinders f ; false grinders §, the front upper small, conical,
lower larger. Wings from the sides of the back. Back to the origin
of the wings, the shoulders, back of the forearms and the thighs, and
the back of the legs hairy. Wings to the base of the toes. Thumb,
lower joint moderate, enclosed in the membrane ; upper joint much
larger, slender, free. Index finger clawed. Interfemoral mem-
brane with a more or less distinct band on each side from base of
tail to heel. The great blood-vessel from the armpit and groin
simple until it nearly reaches the margin of the wing.

Eleutherura, Gray, Voy. Sulph. p. 29, 1854. Gynonycteris (part),
Peters, Mossamb. ; Wagner. Pachysoma, part., Tomes.

The fur at the back of the neck and withers converging and form-
ing an indistinct narrow crest. The toes strong, compressed. Heel-
bone short, strong.

1 . Eleutherura aegyptiaca. B. M.

Fur dull grey brown ; back rather narrow, slightly arched in on
the sides ; belly and hair on underside of wings ashy ; forearm-bone
3| inches.

Pteropus aegyptiacus, Gcof. Ann. Mus. xv. p. 9G. Pachysoma rcgyp-
tiacum. Tomes, P. Z. 8. 18G0, p. 50. Pteropus GeoflVoyu, Temm.
Mom,,,, i. p. 197, t. 15. f. 14, 15 (skull), ii.p. 85, t. 30. f. 10. Xan-
tharpyia segyptiaca, Gray, List Mamm. B. 31.

Jfah. North Africa': Egypt, Burton, Christie; Abyssinia, Harris.
" West Africa, Senegal," Temm.

Length of skull 1^ inch. The fourth or last upper grinder
squarct moderate-sized ; last lower smaller, oblong ; the lower front
false grinder thick, strong ; upper cylindrical. Penis-gland soft ;
scrotum large, bald, rugose.

2. Eleutherura unicolor. B. M.

Fur soft, uniform grey brown, rather paler below ; hair one-
coloured ; ears large; wings pale, with white hairs near margin;
forearm 3 inches 8 lines ; tail very short; false grinders in each jaw
well developed, lower largest.

llab. West Africa : Gaboon, Verreaux.

See Pteropus moUipilosus, Allen, Proc. Acad. N. Sci. Philad. 1861,
p. 159. Head small ; ears large ; tail very small, free ; fur
olive-brown, brighter on the back of the neck. Hab.
Western Africa ((iaboon), Du Chaillu. « The intermaxillary
bone of the skull is not thrown forwards and downwards as
in other Pterojn, but is on the same level as tho roof of the
mouth, the first upper premolar larger than the incisors, tho
same tooth of lower of a good size and less tubercular than
in other species." — Allen. Perhaps male of preceding.

118 PTKROPIDiE.

3. Eleutherura collaris. B. M.

Dull brown ; head darker ; underside greyer, from tho grey ends
of tho hairs ; fur on under surface of wing brownish ; the lower
part of tho upper thumb-joint enclosed in the membrane ; forearm-
bone 3^ inches ; skull, length 1 inch 7 lines ; tho upper hinder
grinder square, rather small, lower oblong, narrow ; tho front lower
false grinder thick, upper very small, slender ; tbo palate more
arched than in E. cegyptiaca.

Pteropus Leachii, A. Smith, Zool. Journ. iv. p. 433 ; III. Z. S. Africa,
t. p. 48 ; Tetnm. Monog. ii. p. 89. P. ainplexicaudatus (part.),
Temm. Man. i. p. 100. Var. greyer, P. hottentotus, Temm. Man.
ii. p. 87, t. 36. f. 10, 17 (skull). Eleutherura hottentota, Gray,
Zool. Staph, p. 29. P. collaris, Licht. Doull. ; III. Abh. Bed. Akad.
1815, p. 84. Cynonyctcris collaris, Peters, Mossamb. p. 25.

Ilab. South Africa : Cape of Good Hope, Brandt ; Natal,
Verreaux.

4. Eleutherura marginata. B. M.

Dull brown, rather paler below ; the hairy part of the back
narrow, rather arched on the sides.

Vespertilio margiuatus, Buchanan Hamilton. Pteropus titthsecheilus,
Temm. Manor/. P. pyrivorus, JECodgs. P. Z. S. 1836, p. 46 (B. M.).
Cynopterus margiuatus, Gray, List Mamm. B. M. C. horsiiehlii,
Gerrard, Cat. Bones B. M. p. 58.

Ilab. India, Buchanan Hamilton ; Nepal, Boys, Hodgson, Strick-
land.

The grinders £ : the hinder upper stout, about two-thirds the size of
tho preceding ono ; the hinder lower rather larger, oblong, longer. The
front lower false grinder larger, compressed, with a triangular crown ;
tho upper vory small, cylindrical. Lower grinders very close together,
forming a continued line.

This Bat differs from the Cynopteri from India, with which it has
been usually confounded, in the wings being bald above, near the
back, and only hairy on the shoulders and lower half of the upper-
arm, and also in being larger ; the legs are bald.

5. Eleutherura fuliginosa. B. M.

Sooty brown ; the underside rather greyer, from the small grey
tips of the hairs ; sides of tho throat with two large radiating patches;
hands dark-coloured to the base.

Hab. Siam : Loa Mountains, Mouhot.

6. Eleutherura infumata. B.M.

Fur of back blackish brown, greyish -washed ; neck yellower ;
underside greyer; front of chest slightly washed with reddish
brown. Length of forearm-bone 3^ inches.

Ilab. Mores, Wallace.

8. CEPIIALOTES. 119

7. Eleutherura fusca. . B. M.

Fur pale red brown ; crown of head rather dark, neck yellower,
chin and underside duller. Forearm-bone nearly 3 inches.
J fab. India? Parzudali.
Much brighter and redder than tho othor species.

8. Eleutherura philippinensis. B. M.

Fur blackish brown ; tho neck and chest paler, with a large tuft
of bright-ycllow-brown hair on each side of the neck ; underside
rather greyer ; hairy part of the back narrow, not so wide as the
body ; shoulder and lower part of forearm hairy ; logs bald.

Hah. Philippine Islands : Manilla, Gould.

The h?ir on each side of the neck radiating and converging to
form a ridge on the centre of the back of the neck. Upper joint of
thumb nearly free.

Sec Pteropus amphxicaudalus, Geoff. Ann. Mus. xv. p. 96 ; Temm,
Mon. i. p. 200, t. 13. p. 200, ii. t. 3G. f. 18, 19. Pachy-
somia amplexicaudatum, Tomes, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 50. Above
brown, beneath ashy ; tail very short ; arm-bone 3 inches.

Uab. Timor. Mus. Leydcn.

Tribe III. CEPIIALOTINA.

Cutting-tocth |, lower crowded before tho canines. Tail-end free.
Wings from the vertebral lino. Claw of index finger rudimentary.

8. CEPHAL0TES.

Head short and broad. "Wings from the centre of the back,
bald over the back. Index finger without any well developed claw;
but the end of the bone is curved upwards and rather produced,
resembling a claw. Thumb, lower joint short, upper very long;
the lower one and tho base of tho upper ono oncloscd in tho front
membrane of the wing. Intcrfemoral membrano with a muscular
band on each side of the tail to the heel. Tail short, enclosed at
the base, rudimentary, flattened, of 4 or 5 very short joints. Cut-
ting-teeth \, close together, the upper ones chisel-shaped, tho lower
rather conical, entirely filling up tho very narrow space between
the base of the large canines." — Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 38.
Grinders ^ ; no upper false grinders in front ; lower, small, deci-
duous.

Ceplialolcs, Geoff. ; F. Cuv. ; Temm. Mon. ii. 103. Ilypodorma,
1. Geoff.

Cephalotes Peronii. B. M.

Blackish brown, head blacker ; underside rather paler, reddish.

120 i'teropida:.

Ceplialotes Peronii, Geoff. Ann. du Mus. xv. p. 104, t. 7 ; Temm. Man.
ii. p. 100, t. 85. f. 7; Gray, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 38. Hypoderma
Pallasii, Is. Geoff. Diet. Class. II. Nat. xv. II. moluccensis, Quoy
§■ Gaim. Voy. Astral, p. 180, t. 2. Anat. (Junior) Pteropus
palliatus, Geoff. Ann, Mus. xv. p. 09.

Hub. Timor ; Amboyna. B. M.

Lips at tho angle of the mouth wrinkled, with a series of short
beards on the inner edge. Skull broad, 2 inches 2 lines long,
1 inch 5£ lines wide ; under surface nearly flat. Grinders A, the
upper hinder oblong, narrow behind; the lower smaller, oblong. The
lower false grinders moderate, elongate ; the upper wanting in both
skulls. Lower canines very close. A second skull, length 1 inchlOlines,
width 1 inch 1| line; tho hinder grinder oblong, lower rather the
smallest ; tho first upper grinder near tho canine ; the lower false
grinder crowded in betweon the base of tho first grinder and tho
canine ; the canine and tho first and second grinders with a denticle
on the lower edge, more distinct in the teeth of the lower jaw.

Section B. Teeth 28. True grinders § . |, The false grinders § . J, front
small, often deciduous. Wings from the sides of the body. Penis-
gland jieshy. It is the small hinder upper and lower true grinders of
the former section that are deficient.

Tribe IV. HARPYIANA.

Cutting-teeth | or -§■ ; lower, when present, crowded before the
canines. Head short. Nostrils tubular, expanding.

0. HARPYIA.

Head short, broad, tapering. Nostrils elongate, tubular, diver-
ging. The back, shoulders, thighs, edge of the wings, near the side,
and the interfemoral membrane hairy. Fur very soft. Tail short,
free at the end, on underside of the interfemoral membrane. Lower
joint of the thumb elongate, and the base of tho upper one enclosed
in the broad membrane. Wings arising from the sides of the body,
and affixed nearly to tho middle of the outer toe. Index finger
clawed. Cutting-teeth *-, upper small, close.

" lntermaxillaries rudimentary, cartilaginous." — Temm. Mon. ii.
p. 90.

Harpyia, Illiger; Temm. Mon. ii. 98. Ceplialotes, Geoff. Gelasi-
nus, Lesson. Uronvcteris, Gray, Ann. $" Mag. N. II. 1803, xi.
p. 386.

10. CYNOl'TEKUS. 121

1. Harpyia cephalotes. B. M.

Grey, back with a black vertebral streak, beneath rather paler ;
arm-bone 2 inches G lines.

Ilarpyia Pallaaii, Dcsm. ; Temm. Mm. ii. p. 98, t. .*?0. Cephalotes
Pallasii, Geoff. Ann. 3I?is. xv. Vesp. cephalotes, Pallas, fync. Zool.
iii. t. 1, 2. CCphalote, Buff on, Supp. iii. t. 22.

The skull oblong, short and broad, nose very short ; upper and
lower (also grinders distinct, minute ; grinders close together.
Length 1 inch 3 lines, width 9 lines ; the upper cutting-teeth
large, occupying the whole space between the canines ; the lower
canines quite close together in front, without any cutting-teeth in
front.

Hah. Georgia Island, Cuming.

2. Harpyia albiventer.

Fur grey ; bases of the hairs grey, with blackish tips ; underside
paler, grey brown ; arm-bone 2 inches.

Uronyctcris albiventer, Gray, P. Z. S. 18G2, p. 2G2 ; Ann. # Mag.
N. II. 18G3, xi. p. 38G.

llab. Morty Island, Wallace.

Chiefly differs from II. cephalotes in the absence of the dorsal
streak and smaller size; may bo only the young of former.

Tribe V. CYNOPTEMNA.

Cutting-teeth §, lower in a regular scries. False grindors |.j|. Head
broad, short. Nostrils rather prominent. Grinders close together.

10. CYNOPTERUS.

Head short, broad behind ; nose short, conical ; lips thick at the
sides ; wings from sides of the back, attached to the bases of the toes ;
index finger clawed ; the back, shoulders, part of the upperarm
above, edge of the wing near the back and the thighs, and part of the
interfcinoral membrane covered with hair ; the large blood-vessel
from the armpit and the groin divided and rcdivided beforo reaching
the edge of the wing ; tail short, free at the end ; interfemoral mem-
brane distinct, with a band on each side from base of tail to heel ;
thumb elongate, lower joint short, it and the base of the much
longer upper joint, enclosed in the membrane.

Cynopterus, part., F. Cuv. Pachysoma, part., Is. Geoff, not Fabricius.
Pachysoma,, sp.( Tomes.

Found in clusters on the folded leaves of the plantain, the palmyra,
&c, Elliot.

122 1'TEROPIDiE.

*

Asia. Hair of neck-collar slender ', weak.

1. Cynopterus marginatus. B. M.

Brown, often rufous-washed, greyer beneath. Male. Side of throat
with more or less intense-red radiating hairs.

Pteropus marginatus, F. Cuvier j Geoff. Ann. du Mtis. xv. p. 97, t. 8.

Hub. India and the Islands.

Var. Elliotii. Fur brown ; white margin of car well marked ; arm-
bone 2 inches 9 lines ; skull,T.ength 1 inch 3 lines, breadth 9 lines ;
upper cutting-teeth close together, the outer converging. B. M .

Cynopterus marginatus (c and d), Gerrard, Cat. Bones B. M. p. 58.

Hah. India : Madras, Sir John Boihau (in spirit) ; Madras, Elliot,
stuffed (mulo and fenialo).

Var. ceylonensis. Fur blackish brown, underside rather greyer ;
white margin of ear narrow, indistinct ; arm-bone 2 inches 4 lines.

Hah. Ceylon, Thivaites (male and female in spirits). B. M.

Var. titthcecheilas. Fur dull brown, underside rather greyer ; hair
of side of throat and chest very short, with a slight rufous tinge ;
forearm-bone 2 inches and 7 lines. B. M.

" Pachysoma tittluuchoilus, Is. Geoff.," Temm. Man. i. pp. 198,
201, t. 15. f. 17, 24 ; ii. p. 192, t. 35. f. 8 ! (from Mus. Leyden). Cy-
nopterus tittlnocheilus, Temm., Horsf. MS.

Hah. Malacca, Griffith.

Var. brevic-audatum. Fur reddish brown ; crown of head and nape
rathor darker, duller ; sides of the neck bright red ; abdomen pale
brown ; forearm-bone 2 inches 7 lines. B. M.

Pachysoma brevicaudatum, Is. Geoff. ; Temm. Man. ii. p. 92, t. 30.
f. 20, 21 ! Tomes, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 537 ; 1800, p. 50 ! Cynopterus
brevicaudatus, Gray, List Mamm. B. M. p. 39. Pteropus brevi-
caudatus, Fischer, Syn. Cynopterus marginatus (&), Gerrard, Cat.
Bones B. M. p. 58 !

Hah. Sumatra, from Mus. Leyden ; Java? skeleton, from Mus.
Leyden. Skull 1 inch 1 line long ; forcarm-bono 2 inches 3 lines ;
uppor cutting-teeth slender, rather far apart, long ; upper front false
grindors very small.

Seo also

a. Pachysoma Diardii, Is. Geoff. Diet. Class. II. Nat. xiv. p. 705 ;

Temm. Mon. ii. p. 95, Sumatra.

b. P. Duvaucellii, Is. Geoff. Diet. Class. H. Nat. xiv. p. 705; Temm.

Mon. ii. p. 95, Sumatra. Sides of the neck not so much and
intensely red as in P. Horsfieldii. A skeleton in the British
Museum sent from the Leyden Museum as Cynopterus mar-
ginatus, Temm., has the skull 1 inch 5 linos, the forearm-bone
3 inches 1 lino long, and the upper cutting-teeth close, the
outer rather converging. — Gerr. Cat. Bones B. M. p. 58.

11. MEGiEKA. 123

Var. Horsfieldii. Fur dark brown, paler on the sides of the throat
and hack ; head darker ; abdomen grey white. Male. Neck and
sides of body very bright rufous. Female. Neck reddish; sides
grey ; forcarm-bono 2£ inches ? B. M.

Fteropus marginatus, Horsfi Zool. Java, t. ! Cynopterus Ilorsfieldii
Gray, List. Mamm. B. M. p. 38 !

Hob. Java, Horsjield.

See Fteropus melanocephalus, Terarn. Mon. i. p. 190, t. 12, t. 10.
f. 3, 4 ; ii. t. 35. f. 10, t. 3G. f. 22, 23. Fachysoma melano-
cephalus, Is. GcofT. Ilab. Java. Ashy brown ; beneath dull
white ; crown and nose black.
Var. brachyotis. Fur dull brown ; throat and sides of neck red ;
arm-bone 2 inches 4 lines. B. M.

Pachysomia brachyotis, Miiller, Van der Jlocvcn, Tijdschr. v. p. 14G ;
Temm. Mon. ii. p. 3G2 !

Hab. Borneo : in spirit, from Mus. Leyden. I sec no difference in
the length of the cars between this and the other species.

Var. philippensis. Fur palo reddish brown, paler beneath. B.M.
Pachysomia titthajcheilus, Watcrhouse, Mus. Zool. Soc. !

Hab. Philippines, Cuming (male and female, in spirit).

Var. Cumingii. Fur blackish brown, rather greyer beneath ; the
margin of the ears narrow ; arm-bone 2 inches 6 lines ; interfcmoral
membrane hairy; tail slender, free. B. H.

Pachysomia brovicaudatum, Watcrhouse, Mus. Zool. Soc. !

Hab. Philippines, Cuming (male and female, in spirit).

Var. nigrescens? Fur brown ; head rather dark ; nose, orbit, and
check blackish ; ' throat, sides of tho neck, and beneath grey brown.

Hab. Morty Island, Wallace.

** Africa. Hair of neck-collar thick, harsh.

2. Cynopterus collaris. B. M.

Fur reddish brown, beneath rather duller ; throat with a broad
collar of rigid unctuous red hairs ; hairy part of back rather narrow ;
shoulders and lower half of forearm hairy ; forearm-bone 2\ inches.
Young.

Xantharpyia collaris, Gray, List. Mamm. B. M. 1843.]

Hab. West Africa, Currer (from Haslar Museum) ; Angola, Well-
wich (in spirits).

See also Ftenochirus, a subgenus of Cynopterus, Peters.

11. MEG.ERA.

Tail none. Lower joint of the thumb very short. Back, shoulders,
forearms, thigh, base of interfcmoral membrane, and wings near (he

124 iTisKOi'iD.ii;.

body hairy. Nostrils simple, lateral. Wings from the sides, attached
nearly to the base of the second toes. Cutting-teeth (4_ in plate) -|.

Meg-re ra, Temm. Megaerops, Peters, 18G5 (mere nominal alteration).

Megaera ecaudata. The Megcera.

Ashy, back brown ; forearm 2 inches.

Pachysoma ecaudatum, Temm. Man. ii. p. 94. Megajra ecaudata,
Temm. Man. ii. p. 859, t. 09. Pteroptis ecaudatus, Wagner,
Schreb. v. p. Gil.

llab. Sumatra. Mus. Leyden.

Tribe VI. EPOMOPIIORTNA.

Cutting-teeth -j, lower in a regular series. False grinders #.4,
far apart, upper front wanting. Teeth often in bad state. Head
very long, swollen in front.

12. HYPSIGNATHUS.

Head very large, oblong, thick, swollen and truncated in front.
The front of the upper jaw with a broad, expanded, bald, soft disk
with raised edges, notched on each side above and surrounding
the nostrils, which are separated by the narrow upper part of the
disk. The lower jaw rather swollen in front, and with a flattened
bald disk, with a slight triangular notch in the middle of its upper
edge. Eyes large. Ears lateral, moderate. Thumb elongate, the
upper joint rather the longest. Wings from the sides of the back.
Index linger clawed. Wings and intcrfemoral membrane attached
to the foot as far as the baso of the toes. Tail none. — Murray,
P. Z. S. 18G2, t. 1.

Ilypsignathus, Allen, Proc. Acad. N. S. Philad. 18G1, p. 15G. Sphy-
rocephalus, A. Mm rag, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 8.

" Skull very high. Nose broad at the summit. Nasal bones
much developed. Brain-cavity small. Lower jaw flattened and ir-
regular, depressed at the symphysis. Teeth 28. Grinders -|. False
grinders ^. Cutting-teeth 4_ . The incisors small, regular, and se-
parate. Canines slender. First grinder pointed. The lower incisors
close in front of the upper and hide them." — Allen.

Hypsignathus monstrosus. B. M.

Ilypsignathus monstrosus, Allen, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, p. 156.
Sphyrocephalus labrosus, Gray, P. Z. S. ; Murray, P. Z. S. 18G2,
p. 8, t. 1 .

Hub. West Africa : Gaboon, Allen ; Old Calabar, Murray.

13. Eromornouus. 125

13. EPOMOPHORUS.

Skull elongate, narrow. Face as long as the brain-case, zygomatic
arches flattened. The upper cutting-teeth close, rather crowded to-
gether in the centre of the intcrcanine space. Head largo. Muzzle
elongate, conical, acute, the lips much dilated behind at the angle of
the mouth. Tail rudimentary, only a tubercle. Wings far back.
Neck with a tuft of hair on each side. Lower joint of the thumb
nearly half the length of the upper one, which is enclosed in a broad
membrane. Teeth 28. Lack, sliouldcrs, thighs, and lower part of
the upper surface of the arm hairy. Dorsal surface of wing near
back rather bald. Wing to the base of the toes. Grinders ±, far
apart, with a small false grinder in front below.

Epomophorus, Bennett, Trans. Zool. Soc. ii. p. 38 ; Tomes, P. Z. S.
18G0, p. 42. Paehysoma, sp., Temm. Esq. p. G4, 1853.

The teeth arc often very imperfect, the grinders sometimes entirely
wanting; the chock-pouches vory largo. Eating figs. — Dr. Kirk.

Face very long, much longer from the eyes to the nose than from the

eyes to the ears.

1. Epomophorus macrocephalus. B. M.

Brown. Male. Underside rufous, middle whiter ; throat rufous ;
large tuft on the shoulders, smaller one in front ; base of cars white.
Female. Greyer beneath.

Pteropus niacroccphahiR, Oyilhy, P. Z. S. 1835, p. 101 ; Peters, Mos-
samb. i. p. 30. 1'. epomophorus, Bennett, P. Z. S. 1835, p. 140.
P. megacephalus, Swainson, Lardner's Ency. p. 02. Epomophorus
whitci, Bennett, Trans. Zool. Soc. ii. p. 38, t. (i. E. macrocephalus,
Tomes, P. Z. S. 1800, p. 43 ; 1801, p. 12, t. 1. f. 1, la, & 7. Paehy-
soma whitci, Temm. Esq. pp. G5 & 71, 1853. 1'. macrocephalum,
Temm. Esq. pp. 05 & 71, 1853.

ITab. West Africa: Gambia, Kendall.

Males, from Gambia and Zambesi, havo a length, from eye to tip of
nose (in spirit), of 1\ inch ; and in the female the length from eye to
tip of nose is 1 inch. In both sexes the gland of shoulder very large,
deep, with thickened edges, covered witli white hairs. In some fe-
males, from Angola and the Gain bias, the length from eye to tip of

nose is 1 inch, and the gland of shoulder is scarcely marked.

Var. angolensis. Pale brown; head with a dark streak from the
nostrils to the front of the lower edge of Ihcoyc, and a second rather
above and parallel with the upper lip; chest and beneath whitish;
cpauletto palo brown ; forearm 3,[ inches. Femalo. B. M.

/lab. Angola, Montiero (in spirit).

Var. unicolor. Brown above and below ; epaulet white, rather
small. B. M.

Hah. Banks of the Zambesi at Shupanga. Eating figs, Kirk.

126 l'TEKOI'IDTK.

See Epomopliorus comptus, Allen, Proc. Acad. N. S. Pliilad. 1861,
p. 158. Fur soft reddish fawn, becoming darker on the loins
and base of arms ; under surface with a largo ovoid patch of
dirty white, bounded laterally by longitudinal fawn-coloured
stripes ; faco covered with short brown hairs ; small yellow
tuft at tho base of tho oars ; chin whitish ; epaulettes faintly
marked ; lips moderate. Ilab. West Africa : Gaboon, Du
Ghaillu. Intermediate in size between E. gambianus and
schoensis. Arm-bone 3 inches; Skull smaller than that of
E. gambianus, with only two incisors in tho upper jaw, which
are in tho centre of tho intercanine space, and slightly sepa-
rated from each other.

2. Epoinophorus gambianus. B. M.

Brown, middle of the underside whitish.

Fteropus gambianus, Oijilby, P. Z. S. 1835, p. 100. Epomopliorus
gambianus, Gray, Mag. Zool. <§• Hot. ii. p. 504; Tomes, P. Z. <S'.
1800, p. 52 ; 180i, t. 1. f. 2 (skull). Pachysoma gambianus, Temm.
Esq. p. 09, 1853. Pteropus YVaklbergii, Sundevall, K. Vet. Akad.
Stock. 1840, p. 118.

Ilab. Gambia, Kendall ; Port Natal and Caffraria, Sundevall ;
? Angola, Montdro (in spirit) ; Abyssinia, Verreaux.

Seo also

a. Pteropus Wahlenbergii, Sundevall, V. Akad. Stock, 184G,

p. 118 ; Epomopliorus crypturus, Peters, Mossamb. Mamm.
p. 26, t. 5 & 13. f. 1 (skull) ; Tomes, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 12.
Hah. Mossambique, Peters ; Sundevall ; Tomes.

b. Pteropus labiatus, Temm. Mon. ii. p. 83, t. 9 ; Pachysoma la-

biatum, Temm. Esq. p. 68, 1853 ; Epomopliorus labiatus,
Tomes, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 55 ; 1861, p. 13. Hub. Abyssinia,
Mus. Leyden. Allied to P. maeroceplialus.

14. EP0M0PS.

Like Epomopliorus, but head ovate. Skull ovate, broad. Face
moderate, not nearly so long as the brain-case. Zygomatic arches
convex. Cutting-teeth separate, far apart in the intercanine space.
Grinders £, close together.

Epomopliorus, sp., Tomes.

Epomops Franqueti.

Brown, the middle of the belly white ; the epaulettes very large,
white (in spirit) ; ear-spot white.

Epomopliorus Franqueti, Tomes, P. Z. S. 1800, p. 54, t. 75; 1801,
t. 1. f. 3, skull.

Ilab. West Africa : Gaboon, Franquet.

A1TENDIX. 127

See also

a. Pteropus Haldemani, Halowell, Aim. & Mag. N. H. 1846,

xviii. p. 356. Dark brown, chest and sides brown, belly
white ; arm-bone 3 inches. Ilab. West Africa.

b. Pteropus schoensis, Riippell, Mns. Senck. 1842, p. 131 ; Epomo-

phorm schoensis, Tomes, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 56 ; 1861, p. 12,
t. 1. f. 4 (skull). Ilab. Abyssinia, Riippell; Gaboon, Fran-
quet ; Gambia, llendall. A small species. Length of arm-
bone 2 inches.

APPENDIX.

Page 7. Mimetes troglodytes. Add : —

d. Troqlodytcs Aubryi, Gratiolet, Nouv. Arch. Mus. d'Hist. Nat.
1866," ii. pp. 1,564.

Entirely black face, and a decided well-developed lobe on the
hinder part of the last lower molar. I do not see how this species
differs from the common Chimpanzee.

Troglodytes tschego, Du Chaillu. Anihropopithecus tschego, Slaclc,
Proc. Acad. N. Sci. Philad. 1807, p. 34.

Prof. Bischoff, Sitzgsbcr. bayer. Ak. 1867, i. pp. 283-293, says that
this is not distinct from T. nicjer.

Page 7. Gorilla Savagei.

Anatomy : Owen, Tram. Zool. Soc. v. p. 243, tab. 1-7 ; Turner, Proc.
Royal Soc. Edinb. 18(15, p. 341 ; Meyer, Fiinft, Rericht, d, Offen-
bach. Vercin. 1804, pp. /58-02, pi.

Page 17. C0L0BUS.

Synopsis of species of this genns, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868,
p. 180.

Page 18. Add:— 4a. Colobus Kirkii. B.M.

Head with long divergent hairs, forming a kind of cap, bent back
over the forehead. The crown of the head, back, and tail red-brown,
end of tail rather paler ; the nape, upper surfaco of hands and feet,
and outside of the upper- and forearm and of the thighs blackish ; the
forehead, cheeks, throat, side of the neck, chest, underside of the body,
inner side of the limbs, and the hind legs and the hinder edge of the

K

128

APPENDIX.

arms and thighs greyish white ; a few bristly hairs on the eyebrows
black.

Colobus Kirkii, Gray, P. Z. S. 1808, p. 180 !

Ilab. Zanzibar.

Seo Colobus pallia tits, Peters, Monatsber. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, 1868,
p. 637; Gray, Ann. &1 Mag. Nat. Hist. 1860, iii. p. 171.
Hah. Eastern Africa ; Mus. Berlin.

Page 19. Colobus cristatns. Add :— B.M.

Gray, P. Z. S. 1808, p. 182, t. 15, hinder figure.

Colobus verus is, I believe, the same as cristatns; but the crest was
not observed by tho describer.

Page 20. CERCOPITHECUS.
Synoptical list of species, Gray, P. Z. S. 1808, p. 182.

Pago 23. Add: — 11**. Cercopithecus erythrogaster. B.M.

Fur blackish, minutely punctulated with yellow ; crown yellowish ;
hand and wrist blackish ; outside of bind logs and thighs grey, punc-
tulated with blackish ; face, moustache, frontal and temporal band
black ; spot on cheek palo yellow ; whiskers, beard, throat, and side
of neck whito ; front of thighs and under surface of the tail greyish
white ; chest and belly red-brown.

Cercopithecus erythrogaster, Gray, P. Z. 8. 1SGG, p. 100, t. xvi. ;
Murie, P. Z. 8. 1800, p. 380.

Hah. West Africa.

Page 24. 15. Cercopithecus samango. Add B.M.
Page 27. Cercocebus albigena. Add B.M.

Page 30. Add: — 5a. Macacus problematicus. B.M.

Forehead and crown with erect hair, rather directed forward in
front, with a whorl of radiating hair on the back of the forehead.
Fur thick, abundant, rather long, pale reddish brown; of the chin,
throat, underside of the body, inner side of the limbs, greyish white.
Tail slender, covered with close-sot hair, not so long as tho body
(imperfect ?).

Assam Monkey, Jiartlelt, Land §■ Water, 1809 1

Ilab. Assam, Bartlett.

Page 31. Add :— 9a. Macacuscyclopis! B.M.

Ilab. Formosa.
Peculiar for tho length of tho fur, which is expanded on tho base

APPENDIX. 129

of the tail and sides of tho rump. Tail not so long as tho body,
thick, broad at the base, thin in the middle, and rather clubbed at
tho end. (Sec Catal. p. 31.)

96. Macacus Sancti-Johannis. B.M.

Fur dark olive, minutely punctulated with yellow ; head, shoulders,
and fore legs darker and blackish ; stronger hairs over eyebrows
black. Tail imperfect, probably shorter than the body.

Inuus Sancli-Johaimis, Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 1800, p. 550 1
Hub. Hong-Kong ; island of North Lena.

Very like the preceding; perhaps only a younger specimen with
tho tail in a bad state.

Pago 32. Add : — 12. Macacus inornatus. B.M.

Hair of the crown rcflcxed, dark greyish brown, brighter-washed ;
forehead and cheeks blacker ; hind part of the thighs greyish white ;
face and ears naked, black ; buttocks red ; tail very short, rudi-
mentary.

Macacus inornatus, Gray, P. Z. S. 18G6, p. 202, t. xix. !
Hah. Borneo.

Tho two specimens in the British Musoum are evidently faded,
and probably prepared from specimens originally preserved in
spirits.

The face of M. arctoides is red. I had proposed for this species tho
subgencric name Gymnopyga, on account of the shortness of the tail
and tho great extent and nakedness of the rump.

13. Macacus lasiotus. B.M.

Tail none ; ears ovate, prominent, exposed, covered with hair ; fur
yellowish olive, very minutely punctulated by tho small subterminal
yellow rings ; of the rump and outer side of the thighs reddish ;
of tho face, cheeks, chest, front of the shoulders, and under part of
the body grey ; the skin of tho hinder part of the body, near the
callosities, crimson ; the crown covered with short erect or reflexed
hairs, with a few blackish hairs projecting forwards over the eye-
brows ; the chest and under part of tho body covered with abun-
dance of hairs ; skin of face whitish flesh-coloured, with a small red
naked spot at the outer hinder angle of each eye ; hand covered
with hair, blackish.

Macacus lasiotus, Gray, P. Z. S. 1808, p. 61, pi. 0 !

J /ah. China.

130 APPENDIX.

Page 32. See

Macams fur, Slack, Proc. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1807, p. 30, tab. 1.
From Lucon.

Pago 35. Seo

c. Cynocephalus doguera, Slack, Proc. Soc. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1807,
p. 35. Prom Abyssinia.

Page 41. ATELES.
Description of now species, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1805, p. 732.

Pago 45. Add :— 13. Ateles Bartlettii. B.M.

Fur abundant, long, and soft. Black ; the cheeks white ; a band
across the forehead over the orbit bright reddish yellow ; the chest,
belly, inner side and front and back part of the limbs, and the side
and under surface of the tail yellow.

Ateles Bartlettii, Gray, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 992, t. 47 !

Hob. Eastern Peru, near Xeberos.

Female or var. " The parts which are bright yellow in the male
which I described are, in this female, white or greyish white, the
confines of the two colours are not so distinctly marked, and the spots
on the forehead and cheeks are much smaller and much less dis-
tinct."— Gray, Ann. <_$• May. Nat. Hist. 1870, vi. p. 428.

Hab. Caura River, on the Orinoco. B.M.

Pago 46. CEBUS.
Synopsis of species, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1805, p. 824.

Pago 02. HAP ALE and MIDAS.
Synopsis of species, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1805, p. 734.

Page 04. Add :— 14 a. MIC0ELLA.

Ears large, nakedish. Conch of ear large, covered externally and
internally with elongated hairs, which form a fringe on the circum-
ference, but not a pencil. Tail pale, not annulated. Lower cutting-
teeth elongate, cylindrical ; the two outer as long as the canines ;
the two middle rather shorter, equal.

This genus differs from Mlco in the ears being large, roundish,
flesh-coloured, covered inside and out with distinct rigid expanding
hairs which form a double fringe on tho circumference. (See Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1808, p. 250, tab. 24.)

APPENDIX. 131

1. Micoella sericeus. B.M.

Pur white, soft, silky ; legs, feet, and tail pale yollowisli ; ears
large, roundish, flesh-coloured.

Mico sericeus, Gray, P. Z. S. 18G8, p. 250, t. 24. Ilapale argentata,
Sclater, P. Z. S. 1868, p. 262. Hapale chrysoleucos, Sclater, P. Z. S.
1869, p. 594 ?

Hab. Brazil, Natterer.

Tlio specimen described and figured is in the British Museum ;
the outsides of the legs wcro never so dark as in Mr. Wolf's figure,
but now they are nearly as white as all the rest of the body. The
belly was always white.

2. Micoella chrysoleucos. B.M.

Fur yellowish white ; the fore and hind legs, the belly and tail
pale chestnut brown in male.

llapalo chrysoleucos, Wanner, Wicymanris Archiv, 1842, i. p. 357 ;
iSaugcthierc, Suppl. p. 125 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 594 (part.).

Llab. Brazil, Natterer.

Pao-e 68. Fam. LEMURIDJE,

belonging to Subsection a of Section A.

The arrangement of the smaller Lcmuridoe is very unsatisfactory.
We have received within the last few months several specimens; and
they may be thus arranged according to their skulls : —

I. Upper cutting-teeth 2 . 2, close, to the canine, and one placed behind the

other. Brain-case ovate. Nose rather elongate, Ilapalemurina.

Hapalemuu. Nose and palate conical.

I'roeemur. Nose and palate broad and truncated in front.

II. Upper cutting-teeth 2 . 2, in a curved line ; two middle more or less
larger than the others, erect, or convci-ging towards the central line.

* Brain-case ovate ; nose rather produced ; tail thick, clavate.

t Ears short, covered with fur externally. Lemurina.

Varecia, Lemuk, and Prosimia.

Cjihirogaeeus. Inner upper cutting-teeth moderate. Tail with woolly
hah. Clicirogalcua tgpicus, Oat. p. 78.

tt Ears moderate, mcmbranaccotis, and naked at the end. Mi-
crocobina.

MlRZA. Upper cutting-teeth moderate, converging. Tail with straight
rigid hairs. Mirza Coquerelii, p. 136.

132 APPENDIX.

Phaneii. Inn

forwards

ner upper cutting- teeth very large, projecting inwards and
Tail with diverging soft hair. Plainer far cifer, Cat. p. 135.

** Brain-case subylobular ; nose short, conical ; orbits very large ; tail
slender, covered with short ivoolly hair. Muriloniuriua.

t Ears very large, naked, plicate. Galagonina, p. 79.
Otogale, Galaqo.

Murilemuii. Inner upper cutting-teeth twice as large and long as the
outer. M. murinus, Oat. pp. 87, 135.

Azema. Upper cutting-toeth nearly equal, erect. Azema Sinithii, p. 134.
Cheiroyaleus Smithii, Cat. p. 78.

III. Upper cutting-teeth no?ie. Brain-case oval. Nose short and broad.
Tail cylindrical, covered with woolly hair. Lcpilenuiriini.

Lepilemuu.

Page 70. LEMURINA.

See Mivart, Osteology, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1804, pp. 011-048; 1807,
p. 000.

Add before this tribe : —

a. Teeth 30 : loioer cutting-teeth G ; grinders g-^.

Pago 70. Varecia varia.
Varecia leucomystax, p. 72, is the $ of this species.

See Schlegcl, Ned. Tydschr. Dierk. iii. 1805, pp. 74-78 ; Sclator,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1800, p. 1 ; Pollen, Fauna Madagase. p. 1,
tab. 1 ( 6 & 2 )•

Page 73. PROSIMIA.

See monograph of this genus, Schlegel, Ned. Tydschr. Dierk. iii.
pp. 74-70. Abridgod, Giintker's Zool. Ueeord, 1805, p. 23.

Page 70. Add: — 11. Prosimia flavifrons.

Fur soft, silky, bright pale red-brown ; hinder part of the back
rather darker. Nose and feet dark red-brown. Circumference of
the face, sides of the chin, the throat, and chest pale reddish yellow.
Iris of the eyes grey. Male.

Prosimia flavifrons, Gray, P. Z. S. 1807, p. 500, pi. 31.
Hub. Madagascar.

APPENDIX.

133

Vagc 70. Add :—

a. Lemur mayotensis, Schlegel & Pollen, Fauna Madagasc. p. 3,
tab. 2. Uab. Madagascar.

Page 70. HAPALEMUR.
This genus can bo divided into two sections : —

I . Nose tapering, narrow in front ; shall, nose tapering, narrow in front ;

palate dilated behind ; series of grinders converging in front. Lower
jaw broad and strong in front, toiih a long symphysis. IIai'ALKMUR.

Hapalemur griseus.

Hapalemur griseus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1803, p. 101; Mivart, P. Z. S.
1804, p. 013, fig. skull (copied, Cat. Monkeys Sfc. B.M. p. 77).

II. Ab.se broad and truncated; skull, nose very broad, square, truncated in

front; palate scarcely wider behind; series of grinders wide apart
and nearly parallel. ' Lower jaw weak, and narrow in front, with a
short symphysis. Prolemur.

Hapalemur simus. B.M.

Back iron-gvoy, with a rufous tingo ; tho hairs black, with a
subapical rufous band, and tho lower part lead-coloured ; throat
whitish ; patch on rump at base of tail yellowish.

Hapalemur griseus, Schlegel <§■ Pollen, Fauna Madagasc. p. 0, t. 3 &
t. 7. fig. 4 (skull without upper cutting-teeth).

llab. Madagascar.

This may be Hapalemur olivacea ; but that species is very imper-
fectly described, and it is said to have a different form of the hinder
part of the lower jaw ; but what the difference is is not mentioned,
and I do not see any difference in tho hinder part of the lower jaws
of the two species. The front of the jaw in II. griseus is very much
more slender and weak than in II. simus.

The colour of tho fur is exactly similar to that of //. griseus; only
there is a pale spot on the rump at the base of the tail, which may
be accidental, or caused by the manner in which it was confined in
its cage.

Page 78. 2. Cheirogaleus typicus.

Skull : — Brain-case ovate, elongate, rather depressed ; nose rather
elongate, conical ; orbits large ; palate rather broad in front, much
broader behind ; upper cutting-teeth 2.2, in an arched series,
compressed, erect ; inner thicker, and quite as long as the outer
ones, converging towards the central line. Tail of animal cylindrical,
covered with soft woolly hair.

Skull in shape like Lepilemur Coquerelii and L. furrifer ; but the
latter differs in tho very large size and the projecting central upper
cutting-teeth.

134

APPENDIX.

Page 78. 3. Cheirogaleus Smithii. Change to

Azema Smithii, p. 132.

Skull: — brain-case globular ; nose conical; orbits very large ; pa-
late very contracted in front, much wider behind ; upper cutting-
teeth 2 . 2, in an arcliod series, noarly equal in height and size,
erect.

Skull in shape very like Lepilenmr murinus, but differs in the
inner upper cutting-teeth being scarcely larger and very slightly
bent, tending toward the central line ; and the tails of both animals
are slender and covered with short hairs.

Tage 78. Add :—

a. Cheirogaleus samati, Grandidier, Rev. ct Mag. Zool. 1808,
p. 50 ; and Ann. Sc. Nat. 1807, vol. viii. p. 294. Hub. West
coast of Madagascar.

Page 82. Add :— See

a. Galac/o eleyantulus, Slack, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1807,
p. 37, which he considers to be distinct from Otoyale crassi-
caudatus.

Page 80. LEPILEMUR.

Erase the character of this genus as not being the genus so
named by I. Gooffroy. Tho species aro referred to other genera as
follows : —

8. LEPILEMUR.

Hoad round ; noso rather short, broad ; oars moderate, hair at
the base external. Fur soft, woolly, with an obscuro dorsal streak
forked on the forehead, uniform. Nose broad. Tail slender, with
short hairs (like those on the back) at the base ; rather thicker and
with long hairs at the end. Thigh elongate. Hind feet short. Skull: —
Nose broad, truncated in front. Palate broad, broad in front, scarcely
wider behind. Intermaxillary bone very narrow, with a sharp front
edge. Upper cutting-teeth none ; lower 0, projecting. The front
upper false grinder slightly higher than the second, with a slight
lobo at the base of its front edge.

Lepilenmr, I. Geoffroy, not Gray, Cat. p. 80.

The absence of cutting- teeth is the peculiar characteristic of this
genus, and not an unusual peculiarity as I thought it might be (Cat.
p. 88). There aro several specimens in the British Museum con-
firming this peculiarity.

APPENDIX. 135

1. Lepilemur mustelinus. B.M.

Dark grey, yellow-washed, with a hlack dorsal streak forked on
the nape ; throat and beneath whitish grey.

Lepilemur mustelinus, I. Geoffr. ; Gray, Cat. p. 88, c. ; Pollen, Fauna
Madagasc. p. 10, t. 4 & t. 7. fig. 3 (skull).

Hab. Madagascar.

2. Lepilemur dorsalis. B.M.

Back groy, ycllow-washod ; dorsal stripe nono.
Hab. Madagascar.

Two specimens in tho British Museum. The skulls of the two
species are very similar. There are both sexes of the species in
the British Museum.

8 a. MUMLEMUR.

Back uniform. Skull : — Face rather elongate, conical. Palate
contracted in front, dilated behind. Tooth-line diverging. First
false grinder conical, the same size as the second ; upper canine
teeth very compressed and sharp-edged behind ; inner upper
cutting-teeth very large, conical, acute, erect ; tho outer ones very
small, cylindrical, much shorter than the inner, slender, erect.

The peculiar lanceolate form of the middle upper incisor teeth is
not represented in Mr. Mivart's figure of the skull of this animal.

Murileniur murinus. B.M.

Lepilemur murinus, Cat. p. 87, f. 13.

8 6. PHANER.

Head roundish ; nose rather conical ; ears rather large, ovate,
hairy at tho outer base. Fur soft, woolly, with a black streak
forked on the occiput. Tail thick, covered with long soft hair like
the back at the lower half, and with longer, slightly more rigid hair
at the end. Hind legs moderate. Skull : — Nose rather contracted,
conical. Palate narrow in front, rather wider behind. Inner
upper cutting-teeth very large, decumbent, and bent forward ; the
outer upper cutting-teeth erect, cylindrical, smaller. Tho first
upper false grinder very large, compressed ; the front one in the
lower jaw very small and generally worn away by the friction of
the upper one on it.

Phaner furcifer. B.M.

. p. 88. Cheirogaleus furcifer, St
rcn, Fauna Madagascar, p. 8, t. 5 & t. 7. fig.l (skull).

Lepilemur furcifer, Cat. p. 88. Cheirogaleus furcifer, Schlcgcldf Pol
lei

8 c. MIRZA.

Face rounded ; noso broad, rather tapering ; oars moderate,
bald, ovate. Fur woolly, uniform. Tail elongate, covered for more

r.

130 APPENDIX.

than two thirds of its length with rather rigid straight hairs, thicker
and more diverging towards the end. Noso rather broad. Palate
broad, rather narrowor and rounded in front. Upper cutting-teeth :
two middle compressed, moderate-sized, nearly erect, converging
towards the contral line ; outer less than half the size of the inner,
about two-thirds the length. The front upper falso grinder not so
long as the second, with a very slight lobo on the hinder and fronl
edges of its base.

Mirza Coquerelii. B.M.

Fur soft and woolly, grey-brown, with very short bright golden
tips ; back dark ; throat and beneath grey-brown ; tail cylindrical ;
hair bright golden brown, with black tips, which are longer on the
hairs at the tip of the tail.

Microcebus Coquerelii, Schlcgel $ Pollen, Fauna Madagascar, p. 12,
t. G & t. 7. fig. 2 (skull). Cheirogaleus Coquerelii, Grandidier, Iter.
Zool. 18G7, p. 85.

Hah. Madagascar.

See

a. Lepilemur ruficavdatus, Grandidier, llev. et Mag. Zool. 1867,
p. 250.

Page 89. Tribe III. MICRORHYNCIIINA.

Add before this tribe : —
b. Teeth 34 : lotoer cutting-teeth 4 ; grinders -^-. Feet short and broad.

Page 89. MICRORHYNCHUS. Add :—

Nose very short, broad, truncated. Palate broad, rounded in
front, and scarcely wider behind. Upper cutting-teeth 4, in an
arched series, erect ; the inner upper cutting-teeth very small, cyhn-
drical ; the outer ones much larger and longer, nearly truncated.
Canines, upper thick. The first upper false grinder thick, with a
rounded upper edge, scarcely higher than the second.

Microrhynclms laniger. Add: — B.M.

Blainville, OsUog. t. 8; Mivart, P. Z. S. I860, p. 151.
Skull in British Museum.

Page 90. Add : — 2. Propithecus Verreauxii. B.M.

White ; crown and nape brownish black ; face nakod, black ;
chest, belly, and inner side of limbs, hands, and feet black, nakedish,
covered with whito hairs.

Propithecus Verreauxii, Grandidier, Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1807, pp. 84
&313.

Ilab. Madagascar.

APPENDIX. 137

3. Propithecus Dainonis. B.M.

Fur white : face blackish ; nose covered with a patch of short

white hairs ; chest, front and outside of fore limbs, and the front
and outside of the thighs rusty red.

Propitbecus Damonis, Pollen. Propithecus Coquereli, Milne-Ed-
wards.

Hab. Madagascar.

These are so much alike that I should not be astonished if all the
three named species were mere varieties of colour of the same aui-
mal. We have skulls of Propithecus diadema and P. Damonis in
the British Museum ; and thoy are very much alike.

Page 92. Add :— 3. Nycticebus cinereus. B.M.

Nycticebus cinereus, Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sc. Nat. 1807, vii. p. 101,
and Notw. Arch. Bins. Bull. iii. p. 9, pi. 3.

From Siam and Cochin China ; in Brit. Mus. from Mus. Paris.

Page 97. Daubentonia madagascariensis. B.M.

Anatomy: Peters, Abhand. Ah. Wiss. Berlin, 1800, pp. 79-100, pi. :
Sitzsber. Ges. ntrf. Freunde Berlin, 1800, June 19.

Lives on sugar-cane. — Barilett, Ann. &■ Mag. Nat. Hist. 1805,
xvi. p. 142.

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Catalogue of monkeys ,
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