BULLETIN OF WELLESLEY COLLEGE CATALOGUE NUMBER 1962-1963 WELLESLEY • MASSACHUSETTS CATALOGUE NUMBER BULLETIN OF WELLESLEY COLLEGE OCTOBER 30, 1962 Bulletins published six times a year by Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts. January, one; April, one; October, two; November, two. Second-Class postage paid at Boston, Massachusetts and at additional mailing offices. Volume 52 Number 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Visitors; Correspondence 5 Calendar 6 Board of Trustees 7 Faculty and Administration 8 The College 20 The Curriculum 24 Requirements for the BA. Degree 24 Research or Independent Study 28 Honors and Academic Awards 28 General Information 29 Course Examinations, Special Examinations, Advanced Place- ment, Use of the Summer Vacation, Summer Internship in Government, Junior Year Abroad Preparation for Graduate Study 31 College Teaching and Research, Other Professions, Teaching in Schools, Medical School, Hospital and Public Health Work, Civil Service Graduate Fellowships 32 Requirements for the MA. Degree 33 Courses of Instruction 34 Art 34 Interdepartmental Courses . . 77 Astronomy 38 Italian 78 Biblical History 40 Latin 79 Botany and Bacteriology . 43 Mathematics 82 Chemistry 45 Music 84 Classical Archeology 48 Philosophy 87 Economics 49 Physical Education 89 Education 52 Physics 91 English 54 Political Science 92 French 60 Psychology 96 Geography 64 Russian 99 Geology 65 Sociology and Anthropology 100 German 67 Spanish 102 Greek 70 Speech 105 History 71 Zoology and Physiology 107 4 Contents Admission HI Of Freshmen HI Of Transfer Students 115 Of Foreign Students 115 Of Graduate Students 116 General Information and Regulations 117 Registration H7 Freshman Orientation 117 Advising of Students 117 Academic Standards 117 Residential Life 118 Health Provisions 119 Withdrawal and Exclusion 120 Employment Opportunities 120 Financial Aid 121 Fees and Expenses 125 Buildings and Equipment 127 Statistical Summary of Students 131 Alumnae Interests 132 Alumnae Association Officers: National Development Fund Com- mittee; Acquaintanceship Chairmen Index 138 VISITORS Visitors to the College are welcome and will find the administrative offices in Green Hall open Monday through Friday from 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. when college is in session, otherwise to 4:30 p.m. Secondary school students and their parents who wish an interview with an officer of the Board of Admission are advised to write well in advance to arrange an appointment. Tins office will also be open on Sat- urday mornings if appointments have been scheduled. CORRESPONDENCE The post office address is Wellesley College, Wellesley 81, Massachu- setts. Inquiries concerning the following topics should be sent to: The President General interests of the College The Dean Academic policies and regulations The Dean of Students; Class Deans Individual students The Board of Admission Admission of undergraduate students The Director of Residence Residence halls and social regulations The Recorder Applications for readmission; requests for transcripts of records The Secretary to the Committee on Scholarships Scholarships The Director of the Placement Office Alumnae and undergraduate employment The Information Bureau Requests for Catalogues The Chairman of the Committee on Graduate Instruction Admission of graduate students The Controller Payment of college bills The Executive Secretary of the Alumnae Association Alumnae affairs CALENDAR Academic Year 1962-63 First Semester Registration of new students, 9 a.m. to 10:30 p.m. Sunday, September 16 Registration closes for all other students, 11:00 p.m. Tuesday, September 18 Classes begin Thursday, September 20 C after classes Wednesday, November 21 Thanksgiving recess j to hQQ am Monday, November 26 after classes Tuesday, December 18 to 1:00 a.m Monday, January 7 (from Tuesday, January 22 Examinations jthrough Thursday, January 31 Second Semester Classes begin Monday, February 4 (after classes Friday, March 22 Spring recess tQ h0Q am Monday, April 1 Examinations (from Tuesday, May 21 ) through Thursday, May 30 Commencement Monday, June 3 Christmas recess BOARD OF TRUSTEES John R. Quarles, b.a., m.a., ll.b WeUesley, Mass. Chairman of the Board O. Kelley Anderson, b.a., m.b.a Boston, Mass. Vice Chairman Edward Livingston Bigelow, b.a Chestnut Hill, Mass. Elisabeth Luce Moore, b.a., Lrrr.D New York, N.Y. Edward A. Weeks, Jr., b.s., litt.d., ll.d Boston, Mass. James Lawrence, Jr., b.a Brookline, Mass. Eleanor Wallace Allen, b.a Boston, Mass. Katharine Tlmberman Wright, b.a Columbus, Ohio Alexander Cochrane Forbes, b.a Needham, Mass. Byron Kauffman Elliott, b.a., ll.b., sc.d., ll.d. . . Needham, Mass. Elizabeth King Morey, b.a., m.a New York, N.Y. Mary Jewett Gaiser, b.a., ll.d Spokane, Wash. Robert Gregg Stone Dedhum, Mass. Carolyn Bartel Lyon, b.a., m.a Claremont, Calif. Anne Ltneberger Macdonald, b.a Washington, D.C. Theodore P. Ferris, b.a., b.d., d.d Boston, Mass. Preston Davis, litt.d Columbus, Ohio John Kenneth Spring, b.a., m.b.a Concord, Mass. Rose Clymer Rumford, b.a Baltimore, Md. Germaine, Bree, agregee de l'unjversite Madison, Wis. Erwlm Datn Canham, b.a., m.a.(oxon) Boston, Mass. Mary Sime West, b.a New York, N.Y. George Howell Ktdder, b.n.s., ll.b South Lincoln, Mass. Carroll McCarty Gundersen, b.a La Crosse, Wis. Margaret Clapp, ph.d., ll.d., lttt.d., ex officio . . . WeUesley, Mass. President of WeUesley College Henry Austin Wood, Jr., b.a., m.b.a., ex officio .... Boston, Mass. Treasurer of WeUesley College THE FACULTY AND ADMINISTRATION EMERITUS PROFESSORS Olive Dutcher Doggett, M.A., B.D. Professor of Biblical History, Emeritus Laetitia Morris Snow, Ph.D. Professor of Botany, Emeritus Alice Ida Perry Wood, Ph.D. Associate Professor of English Literature, Emeritus Mabel Minerva Young, Ph.D. Professor of Mathematics, Emeritus Seal Thompson, M.A. Professor of Biblical History, Emeritus Elisabeth Hodder, Ph.D. Professor of History, Emeritus Martha Hale Shaceford, Ph.D. Professor of English Literature, Emeritus Bertha Monica Stearns, M.A. Professor of English Literature, Emeritus Ljlla Weed, M.A. Associate Librarian, Emeritus Mary Cross Ewing, B.A. Dean of Residence, Emeritus Louise Sherwood McDowell, Ph.D. Professor of Physics, Emeritus Katy Boyd George, M.A. Associate Professor of Biblical History, Emeritus John Charles Duncan, Ph.D. Professor of Astronomy and Director of the Whitin Observatory, Emeritus Helen Somersby French, Ph.D. Professor of Chemistry, Emeritus Margaret Alger Hayden, Ph.D. Professor of Zoology, Emeritus Ola Elizabeth Winslow, Ph.D. Professor of English, Emeritus Ruth Elvira Clare, Litt.D. Professor of French, Emeritus Thomas Hayes Procter, Ph.D. Professor of Philosophy, Emeritus Gabriella Bosano, Dr. in Fil. Mod., Litt.D. Professor of Italian, Emeritus Mary Bosworth Treudley, Ph.D. Professor of Sociology, Emeritus Hedwig Kohn, Ph.D. Professor of Physics, Emeritus Grace Elizabeth Howard, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Botany, Emeritus Louise Petobone Smith, Ph.D., Litt.D. Professor of Biblical History, Emeritus Marianne Thalmann, Ph.D. Professor of German, Emeritus Jeannette Barry Lane, Ph.B. Associate Professor of Speech, Emeritus Edward Ely Curtis, Ph.D. Professor of History, Emeritus Lucy Wilson, Ph.D. Dean of Students and Professor of Physics, Emeritus Ruth Elliott, Ph.D. Professor of Hygiene and Physical Education, Emeritus Emma Marshall Denkinger, Ph.D. Associate Professor of English, Emeritus Anita Oyarzabal, M.A. Associate Professor of Spanish, Emeritus Edna Heedbreder, Ph.D. Professor of Psychology, Emeritus Helen Hull Law, Ph.D. Professor of Greek, Emeritus Cecile de Banee Associate Professor of Speech, Emeritus Ada Roberta Hall, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Physiology, Emeritus Ada May Coe, M.A. Professor of Spanish, Emeritus Angeline La Piana, Dr. in Lett. Professor of Italian, Emeritus Evelyn Kendrick Wells, M.A. Professor of English, Emeritus Leland Hamilton Jenes, Ph.D. Processor of Sociology, Emeritus Louise Over acker, Ph.D. Professor of Political Science, Emeritus Lawrence Smith. M.A. Professor of Economics, Emeritus Michael Jacob Zigler, Ph.D. Professor of Psychology, Emeritus Faculty and Administration 9 Jorge Guillen, Catedratico de Universidad Professor of Spanish, Emeritus Waclaw Jedrzejewicz Associate Professor of Russian, Emeritus Dorothy Warner Dennis, B.A., Dip.E.U. Professor of French, Emeritus Mary Eleanor Prentiss, M.A. Associate Professor of English, Emeritus Katharine Canby Balderston, Ph.D. Professor of English, Emeritus Marion Elizabeth Stark, Ph.D. Professor of Mathematics, Emeritus Andree Bruel, Dr. de l'Universite de Paris Professor of French, Emeritus Helen Thayer Jones, Ph.D. Professor of Chemistry, Emeritus Harriet Cutler Waterman, Ph.D. Professor of Zoology, Emeritus Ella Keats Whiting, Ph.D. Dean and Professor of English, Emeritus Mary Lellah Austin, Ph.D. Professor of Zoology, Emeritus Grace Ethel Hawk, B.Litt. (Oxon) Professor of English, Emeritus Elizabeth Beall, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Physical Education, Emeritus Lucy Winsor Killouch, Ph.D. Professor of Economics, Emeritus Magdalene Schindelin, Ph.D. Associate Professor of German, Emeritus Elinor Marie Schroeder, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Physical Education, Emeritus THE FACULTY (Listed alphabetically within rank) Thelma Gorfinkle Alper, B.A., M.A., Wellesley College; Ph.D., RadelifFe College Professor of Psychology Grazia Avitabile, 1 B.A., M.A., Smith College; Ph.D., Bryn Mawr College Professor of Italian M. Margaret Ball, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Stanford University; Dr. iur., University of Cologne Ralph Emerson Professor of Political Science Laura Bornholdt, B.A., M.A., Smith College; Ph.D., Yale University Professor of History; Dean Richard Vernon Clemence, 1 Ph.B., M.A., Brown University; M.A., Ph.D., Harvard University Professor of Economics Helen Storm Corsa, B.A., Mount Holyoke College; M.A., Ph.D., Bryn Mawr College Professor of English Harriet Baldwin Creighton, B.A., Wellesley College; Ph.D., Cornell University Ruby F. H. Farwell Professor of Botany Fred Denbeaux, B.A., Elmhurst College; B.D., S.T.M., Union Theological Seminary Professor of Biblical History Elizabeth Eiselen, 2 B.A., Northwestern University; M.A., Columbia University; Ph.D., University of Chicago Professor of Geography Allan Wardell Eister, B.A., DePauw University; M.A., American University; Ph.D., University of Wisconsin Professor of Sociology Alona Elezabeth Evans, B.A., Ph.D., Duke University Professor of Political Science Teresa Grace Frisch, M.A., Wellesley College; Ph.D., Yale University Professor of Art; Dean of Students Herbert Morrison Gale, B.A., State University of Iowa; M.A., S.T.B., Ph.D., Boston University Professor of Biblical History Charlotte Elizabeth Goodfellow, B.A., Mount Holyoke College; M.A., Ph.D., Bryn Mawr College Professor of Latin and History 1 Absent on leave. 2 Absent on leave for the first semester. 10 Faculty and Administbation Janet Brown Guernsey, B.A., Wellesley College; M.A., Radcliffe Col- lege; Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology Professor of Physics Edward Vose Gulick, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Yale University Professor of History Bernard Chapman Heyl, B.A., Princeton University; M.A., Har- vard University; M.F.A., Princeton University Clara Bertram Kimball Professor of Art Dorothy Heyworth, B.Sc, M.Sc, Manchester University; Ph.D., University of Chicago Professor of Physics Sarah Jeannette Hill'B.A., Smith College; Ph.D., Columbia University Professor of Astronomy Hoavard Hinners, B.A., Harvard University Caroline Hazard Professor of Music Walter Edwards Houghton, Ph.B., M.A., Ph.D., Yale University Sophie C. Hart Professor of English Eva Elizabeth Jones, 1 B.A., Radcliffe College; M.A., University of Maine; Ph.D., Radcliffe College Lewis Atterbury Stimson Professor of Zoology Charles William Kerby-Mdller, 1 Ph.B., Ph.D., University of Chicago Professor of English Louise Ktngsley, B.A., M.A., Smith College; Ph.D., Bryn Mawr College Professor of Geology Ernest Rene Lacheman, Maturity Reale, College of Geneva; B.D., Yale University; Ph.D., Harvard University Professor of Biblical History Germaine Lafeuille, 1 Dipl.E.S., Agregee des Lettres, University of Paris; Ph.D., Radcliffe College Professor of French Hubert Weldon Lamb, B.A., Harvard University Hamilton C. Macdougall Professor of Music Katherine Lever, 1 B.A., Swarthmore College; M.A., Ph.D., Bryn Mawr College Professor of English Edith Brandt Mallory, B.A., Wellesley College; M.A., Ph.D., Columbia University Professor of Psychology John McAndrew, B.S., M.Arch., Harvard University Professor of Art Barbara Phtlippa McCarthy, B.A., Brown University; M.A., Uni- versity of Missouri; Ph.D., Yale University Ellen A. Kendall Professor of Greek Gladys Kathryn McCosh, B.A., Mount Holyoke College; M.S., Washington University; Ph.D., Cornell University Professor of Zoology Edith Melcher, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Bryn Mawr College Professor of French Mary Ruth Michael, B.A., Hood College; M.A., Cornell University; Ph.D., Radcliffe College Professor of English Mary Lucetta Mowry, B.A., Wilson College; M.A., Presbyterian College of Christian Education; B.D., Ph.D., Yale University; Ljjp Professor of Biblical History Virginia Onderdonk, 1 B.A., Wellesley College Professor of Philosophy Virginia Fleming Prettyman, B.A., Agnes Scott College; Ph.D., Yale University Professor of English Dorothy Mae Robathan, B.A., Wellesley College; M.A., Columbia University; Ph.D., University of Chicago Professor of Latin 1 Absent on leave. Faculty and Administration 11 Justina Ruiz-de-Conde, 1 Bachiller, Instituto nacional "Cardenal Cisneros" (Madrid); Lie. en Derecho, University of Madrid; M.A., Ph.D., Radcliffe College Professor of Spanish Helen Gertrude Russell, B.A., Wellesley College; M.A., Columbia University; Ph.D., Radcliffe College Helen Day Gould Professor of Mathematics Alice Turner Schafer, B.A., University of Richmond; M.S., Ph.D., University of Chicago Professor of Mathematics Henry Frederick Schwarz, B.A., Harvard University; B.Litt, Oxford University; Ph.D., Harvard University Elisabeth H odder Professor of History Bartlett Hicks Stoodley, 1 B.A., Dartmouth College; LL.B., M.A., Ph.D., Harvard University Professor of Sociology Owen Scott Stratton, 1 B.A., Reed College; M.A., Ph.D., Stanford University Professor of Political Science Margaret Elizabeth Taylor, B.A., Vassar College; M.A., Ph.D., Yale University Professor of Latin Evelyn Faye Wilson, B.A., Beloit College; M.A., University of Washington; Ph.D., University of California Alice Freeman Palmer Professor of History Louise Palmer Wilson, B.A., Southwestern College; M.S., Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania Professor of Zoology Delaphine Grace Rosa Wyckoff, Ph.B., Ph.M., Ph.D., University of Wisconsin Professor of Bacteriology Andrews Wanning, 5 B.A., Yale University; Ph.D., Cambridge Uni- versity Visiting Professor of English Agnes Anne Abbot Associate Professor of Art Carolyn Shaw Bell, B.A., Mount Holyoke College; Ph.D., London University Associate Professor of Economics Jack Leonard Benson, B.A., University of Missouri; M.A., Indiana University; Ph.D., University of Basel Associate Professor of Art Concha Breton, Bachiller, Instituto general y tecnico (Barcelona); M.A., Middlebury College; Doctora en Letras, University of Madrid Associate Professor of Spanish William Bleecker Coate, B.A., Ph.D., Cornell University Associate Professor of Psychology Alice Birmingham Colburn, B.A., Wellesley College; M.A., Ph.D., Radcliffe College Associate Professor of History Jean Veghte Crawford, B.A., Mount Holyoke College; M.A., Oberlin College; Ph.D., University of Illinois Associate Professor of Chemistry Jacqueline Pascal Evans, B.A., Vassar College; M.A., Ph.D., Rad- cliffe College Associate Professor of Mathematics 1 Absent on leave. 5 Appointed for the second semester only. 12 Faculty and Administration David Russell Ferry, 1 B.A., Amherst College; MA., Ph.D., Harvard University Associate Professor of English Virginia Mayo Fiske, B.A., M.A., Mount Holyoke College; Ph.D., Radcliffe College Associate Professor of Zoology Phyllis Jane Fleming, B.A., Hanover College; M.S., Ph.D., Uni- versity of Wisconsin Associate Professor of Physics Carlo Roger FRANgois, Lie. en Philosophic et Lettres, Agreg6, University of Liege; M.A., Ph.D., Harvard University Associate Professor of French Elizabeth Holmes Frisch Associate Professor of Art Rene Marie Galand, Lic.-es-Lettres, University of Rermes; Ph.D., Yale University Associate Professor of French Robert Erwin Garis, B.A., Muhlenberg College; M.A., Ph.D., Har- vard University Associate Professor of English Ellen Stone Haring, B.A., Bryn Mawr College; M.A., Ph.D., Radcliffe College Associate Professor of Philosophy Beverly Joseph Layman, B.A., Roanoke College; M.A., University of Virginia; M.A., Ph.D., Harvard University Associate Professor of English Irina Borisova-Morosova Lynch, M.A., Ph.D., Radcliffe College Associate Professor of Russian Clifford Raymond Noll, Jr., B.A., Brown University; M.S., Uni- versity of Illinois; Ph.D., University of Wisconsin Associate Professor of Chemistry Patrick Francis Quinn, B.A., M.A., University of Wisconsin; Ph.D., Columbia University Associate Professor of English Elizabeth Jane Rock, B.S., College of Mount St. Vincent; M.A., Smith College; Ph.D., Pennsylvania State University Associate Professor of Chemistry Barbara Salditt, B.A., Rockford College; M.A., Ph.D., University of Chicago Associate Professor of German Curtis Howard Shell, M.A., Stanford University; Ph.D., Harvard University Associate Professor of Art Betty Spears, B.S., Purdue University; M.S., Wellesley College; Ph.D., New York University Associate Professor of Physical Education Joseph Lewis Sullivan, B.A., M.A., University of Texas; M.A., Ph.D., Harvard University Associate Professor of History Mary Ewen Ulich, B.A., M.A., Colby College; Ed.D., Harvard Uni- versity Associate Professor of Education Eleanor Rudd Webster, B.A., Wellesley College; M.A., Mount Holyoke College; M.A., Ph.D., Radcliffe College Associate Professor of Chemistry Claire Zimmerman, 1 B.A., Wellesley College; Ph.D., Radcliffe College Associate Professor of Psychology 1 Absent on leave. Faculty and Administration 13 Joseph Ablow, B.A., Bennington College; MA., Harvard University Assistant Professor of Art Lillian Woodworth Ahcen, B.A., Gordon College; M.A., Ph.D., Radcliffe College Assistant Professor of Philosophy Miriam Haskell Berlin, B.A., Smith College; M.A., Ph.D., Rad- cliffe College Assistant Professor of History Leo Bersani, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Harvard University Assistant Professor of French Alice Louise Bull, B.A., Middlebury College; M.A., Mount Hol- yoke College; Ph.D., Yale University Assistant Professor of Zoology Dabney Withers Caldwell, B.A., Bowdoin College; M.A., Brown University; Ph.D., Harvard University Assistant Professor of Geology Martha Eleanor Church, B.A., Wellesley College; M.A., Univer- sity of Pittsburgh; Ph.D., University of Chicago Assistant Professor of Geography Eugene Lionel Cox, B.A., College of Wooster; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University Assistant Professor of History Martha Alden Craig, B.A., Oberlin College; MA., Ph.D., Yale University Assistant Professor of English Blanche De Puy, B.A., Wellesley College; M.Litt, University of Pittsburgh; Ph.D., Stanford University Assistant Professor of Spanish Naomi June Diamond, B.A., University of Toronto; M.A., Ohio State University; Ph.D., University of Washington Assistant Professor of English Robert Arnold Feer, B.A., MA., Ph.D., Harvard University Assistant Professor of History Frederic Norbert Firestone, B.A., Olivet College; M.S., Ph.D., University of Wisconsin Assistant Professor of Economics Dante Lee Germino, B.A., Duke University; MA., Ph.D., Harvard University Assistant Professor of Political Science Marshall Irwin Goldman, B.S., Wharton School, University of Penn- sylvania; M.A., Ph.D., Harvard University Assistant Professor of Economics Martha Julia Goth, Ph.D., University of Basel Assistant Professor of German Victor Gourevitch, B.A., University of Wisconsin; Ph.D., Univer- sity of Chicago Assistant Professor of Philosophy Barbara Buckstein Green, B.A., Wellesley College; MA., Ph.D., Radcliffe College Assistant Professor of Political Science John Henry Hagan, Jr., B.A., Harvard University; M.A., Ph.D., University of Chicago Assistant Professor of English Charles Arthur Mann Hall, B.S., Northwestern University; B.D., McCormick Theological Seminary Assistant Professor of Biblical History Joan Edna Hartman, B.A., Mount Holyoke College; M.A., Duke University; Ph.D., Radcliffe College Assistant Professor of English Derry Delos Koob, B.S., Kent State University; M.S., Ohio State Uni- versity; Ph.D., Cornell University Assistant Professor of Botany Grace June Marshall, B.A., Texas State College for Women; M.S., University of Michigan; Ph.D., Baylor University Assistant Professor of Zoology Florence Turner McCulloch, B.A., Vassar College; M.A., Ph.D., University of North Carolina Assistant Professor of Trench Virginia Rogers Miller, B.A., Wheaton College; M.A., Cornell University Assistant Professor of Speech 14 Faculty and Administration Wayne Gilbert Rollins, B.A., Capital University; B.D., M.A., Ph.D., Yale University Assistant Professor of Biblical History Jane Ann Schoonmaker, B.S., University of Illinois; M.S., Smith College Assistant Professor of Physical Education Annemarie Anrod Shimony, B.A., Northwestern University; Ph.D., Yale University Assistant Professor of Sociology Patricia Meyer S packs, 1 B.A., Rollins College; M.A., Yale Univer- sity; Ph.D., University of California Assistant Professor of English Ingrid Hess Stadler, B.A., Vassar College; M.A., Ph.D., Radcliffe College Assistant Professor of Philosophy Jocelyn Mary Taylor, B.A., Smith College; M.A., Ph.D., University of California Assistant Professor of Zoology Zina Tillona, B.A., Hunter College; M.A., Wellesley College; D.M.L., Middlebury College Assistant Professor of Italian Kathryn Lee Conway Turner, 1 B.A., Goucher College; M.A., Ph.D., University of Wisconsin Assistant Professor of History Walter Warren Wagar, B.A., Franklin and Marshall College; M.A., Indiana University; Ph.D., Yale University Assistant Professor of History Shirley Montag Almon, B.A., Goucher College; M.A., Radcliffe College Instructor in Economics Barbara Kathryn Barnett, B.A., Welleslev College; M.Mus., Uni- versity of Illinois Instructor in Music David Barnett, B.A., Columbia University; Mus.D. (Hon.) Instructor in Piano Marie FRANgoisE Beaupied, Dipl.E.S., Agregee dAnglais, University of Paris Instructor in French Lewis Kent Bendall, B.A., Rice Institute; M.A., Ph.D., Yale Uni- versitv Instructor in Philosophy Maurice Allen Breslow, B.A., Cornell University; M.A., Tufts University Instructor in Speech; Technical Director of the Theatre Melvtn Eugene Brunetti, B.A., M.A., University of California Instructor in History Ruth Posseit Burgin Instructor in Violin Ann Bender Cagan, B.A., Wellesley College; M.A., Radcliffe College Instructor in Political Science Marianna Louise Carlson, B.A., Douglass College; Ph.D., Yale University Instructor in French Eugene Albert Carroll, B.A., Harris Teachers College; M.A., Har- vard University Instructor in Art Annie Cecchi, Dipl.E.S., Agregee des Lettres, University of Paris Instructor in French Eleanor Mhuam Davis, B.Mus., M.Mus., New England Conservatory of Music Instructor in Voice Hilda Dickoff, 4 B.A., Brooklyn College; Ph.D., Duke University Instructor in Psychology Valda Dreimanis, B.A., M.A., Boston University Instructor in German 1 Absent on leave. * Appointed for the first semester only. Faculty and Administration 15 Margaret Torrert Duesenberry, B.A., Wellesley College; M.A., Radcliffe College Instructor in Violin; Director of Chamber Music Michel Jacques Fabre, Dipl.E.S., Agrege d'Anglais, University of Paris Instructor in French Earl R. Flansburch, 5 B.Arch., Cornell University; M.Arch., Massa- chusetts Institute of Technology Instructor in Art Janet Zollinger Gdzle, B.A., Earlham College; M.A., Ph.D., Rad- cliffe College Instructor in Sociology Cynthia Rich Glauber, B.A., M.A., RadclifFe College Instructor in English Klaus Goetze Instructor in Piano Arthur Ralph Gold, B.A., Princeton University; M.A., Harvard University Instructor in English Ellen Silver Greenberger, B.A., Vassar College; M.A., Ph.D., Rad- cliffe College Instructor in Psychology Joen Elizareth Greenwood, B.S., M.A., University of Wisconsin Instructor in Economics Joan Joffe Hall, B.A., Vassar College; M.A., Ph.D., Stanford Uni- versity Instructor in English Maureen Halsall, B.A., McMaster University; M.A., Radcliffe Col- lege Instructor in English Francine Hamm, Dipl.E.S., Docteur de l'Universite de Strasbourg Instructor in French Judith Barbara Herschfield, B.S., Carnegie Institute of Technology; M.A., Radcliffe College Instructor in Mathematics Laura Evelyn Hourtienne, B.A., MacMurray College; M.A., Uni- versity of Illinois; Ph.D., Bryn Mawr College Instructor in German Evelyn Boldrick Howard, B.S., University of California (Los An- geles); M.S., Wellesley College Instructor in Physical Education Georgia May Hulac, B.S., University of Nebraska; M.Ed., Woman's College, University of North Carolina Instructor in Physical Education Owen Hughes Jander, B.A., University of Virginia; M.A., Ph.D., Harvard University Instructor in Music Alan Wilkin Jenks, B.A., University of New Mexico; B.D., Church Divinity School of the Pacific Instructor in Biblical History Roger Alan Johnson, B.A., Northwestern University; B.D., Yale University Instructor in Biblical History Anne Ketchum, Lic.-es-Lettres, University of Paris Instructor in French Kay Frances Koch, B.S., University of Illinois; Ph.D., University of California Instructor in Chemistry Margaret Elizabeth Lang Langmutr, B.A., Culver-Stockton College Instructor in Chemistry Jacqueline Launay, Dipl.E.S., Agregee d'Anglais, University of p ar j s Instructor in French Mary Rosenthal Lefkowttz, B.A., Wellesley College; M.A., Ph.D., Radcliffe College Instructor in Greek Eugene Lehner Instructor in Viola Piers Ingersoll Lewis, B.A., Amherst College; M.A., Harvard Uni- versity Instructor in English John Fiske Loud, B.A., Bowdoin College; M.A., Harvard University Instructor in Russian 5 Appointed for the second semester only . 16 Faculty and Administration Benjamin Charles Melner, Jr., B.A., Emory University; B.D., Columbia Theological Seminary; M.A., Harvard University Instructor in Biblical History Anne Pepper Neal, B.S., Woman's College, University of North Carolina Instructor in Physical Education Joan Buker Oates, B.P.E., University of British Columbia Instructor in Physical Education Ella Pacaluyko, B.A., Cornell University; M.A., Radcliffe College Instructor in Russian James Pappoutsakis Instructor in Flute Louise Came Pappoutsakis Instructor in Harp Lois F. Pardue, B.M., University of Rochester Instructor in Organ Jan Parker, B.A., Connecticut College; MA., University of Connecti- cut Instructor in Economics Philip Monford Phibbs, B.A., Washington State University; M.A., Ph.D., University of Chicago Instructor in Political Science Derek Lee Phillips, B.A., Rutgers University; M.A., University of Arizona; Ph.D., Yale University Instructor in Sociology Henry Johnson Pratt, B.A., Dartmouth College; M.P.A., University of Michigan; Ph.D., Columbia University Instructor in Political Science James Wilson Rayen, B.A., B.F.A., M.F.A., Yale University Instructor in Art Rose Pauline Rochman, B.S., McGill University; M.S., University of Wisconsin Instructor in Physical Education Natalie Doris Ross, B.S., Russell Sage College Instructor in Physical Education Sylvia Ann Carlier Rowbotham, Dipl., Bedford College Instructor in Physical Education Alan Henry Schechter, B.A., Amherst College Instructor in Political Science Joseph Sedransk, 5 B.S., University of Pennsylvania Instructor in Psychology Clarence Robert Shoop, B.A., Southern Illinois University; M.S., Tulane University Instructor in Zoology Alain P. Solard, B.A., Texas Christian University; M.A., University of California (Los Angeles) Instructor in French Louis Speyer Instructor in Oboe and English Horn Adele Ruth Spitzer, B.A., Barnard College; M.A., Ph.D., Yale Uni- versity Instructor in Philosophy Marcia Lee Stigum, B.A., Middlebury College; Ph.D., Massa- chusetts Institute of Technology Instructor in Economics Frank Cochran Taylor II, B.A., Yale University Instructor in Organ J. Richard Tessmer, B.S., Northwestern University Instructor in Mathematics Linda Kent Vaughan, B.S., M.A., Russell Sage College Instructor in Physical Education Edward Michael White, B.A., New York University; M.A., Ph.D., Harvard University Instructor in English Dorothea Jane Widmayer, B.A., M.A., Wellesley College; Ph.D., Indiana University Instructor in Zoology Walter Melville Widrig, B.A., Yale University; M.A., Columbia University Instructor in Art ' Appointed for the second semester only. Faculty and Administration 17 Charles Theodore Yancich, B.M.E., University of Michigan Instructor in Horn Michael Donald Zeiler, B.A., Stanford University; M.A., Ph.D., New School for Social Research Instructor in Psychology Alfred Zighera Instructor in Cello Lecturers Evelyn Claire Barry, B.A., M.A., Radcliffe College Lecturer in Music Paul Rogers Barstow, B.A., Williams College; M.F.A., Yale Uni- versity Lecturer in Speech; Director of the Theatre Sylvia Leah Berkman, 5 B.A., Brown University; M.A., Ph.D., Rad- cliffe College Lecturer in English Jeffrey Ernest Butler, 5 B.A., M.Ed., Rhodes University College; M.A., Oxford University Lecturer in History Esther Comegys, B.A., Wellesley College; M.A., University of Penn- sylvania; Ph.D., Harvard University Lecturer in Mathematics Esther Pastene Edwards, 5 B.A., Wellesley College; M.A., Boston University Lecturer in Education Manuela Sanchez Escamtlla, Dipl., Escuela Normal (Granada); M.A., Wellesley College Lecturer in Spanish Mary Alice Evans, 5 B.S., Ph.D., Cornell University Lecturer in Zoology Martha Ellis Francois, B.A., Wells College; M.A., Mount Holyoke College; Ph.D., Radcliffe College Lecturer in History; Dean of Freshmen WrLLiAM A. Herrmann, Jr., B.A., M.A., Columbia University Lecturer in Music; Director of the Choir Louise Catherine Heuser Keller, B.A., Radcliffe College; Ed.M., Boston University Lecturer in Education; Director of the Page Memorial School Martha Hazen Liller, B.A., Mount Holyoke College; M.A., Ph.D., University of Michigan Lecturer in Astronomy Anna Modigliani de Lynch, B.A., Barnard College; M.A., Colum- bia University Lecturer in Spanish Richard Martenstras, Dipl.E.S., Agrege d'Anglais, University of Paris Lecturer in French Margaret Breed Marsh, B.A., Smith College; M.A., Ph.D., Radcliffe College Lecturer in English Jeanette McPherrin, 2 B.A., Scripps College; M.A., Claremont College Lecturer in French; Dean of Sophomores May Sarton 4 Lecturer in English Samuel Van Valkenburg, 4 Ph.D., University of Zurich Lecturer in Geography Oddone Ortolani, Dott. in Giurisprudenza, University of Rome Visiting Lecturer in Italian 2 Absent on leave for the first semester. * Appointed lor the first semester only. 3 Appointed for the second semester only. 18 Faculty and Administration OFFICERS OF ADMINISTRATION Margaret Clapp, Ph.D., LL.D., Litt.D. President Laura Bornholdt, Ph.D. Dean; Professor of History Teresa Grace Frisch, Ph.D. Dean of Students; Professor of Art Jeanette McPherrin, 2 M.A. Dean of Sophomores; Lecturer in French Virginia Mayo Fiske, 4 Ph.D. Dean of Sophomores; Associate Professor of Zoology Martha Ellis Francois, Ph.D. Dean of Freshmen; Lecturer in History Eleanor Melton Tenney, B.A. Director of Residence; Foreign Student Adviser Gwenyth Morgan Rhome, M.A. Recorder Virginia Vaughan Sides, B.A. Assistant to the President Joan Fiss Bishop, M.A. Director of the Placement Office Barbara M. Clough, M.A. Acting Director of Admission Elinor Anderson Gilfellan, B.A. Director of the Development Fund Jean Glasscock, M.A. Director of Publicity; Coordinator of Special Events Henry Austin Wood, Jr., B.A., M.B.A. Treasurer Robert J. Schneider, M.B.A. Business Manager Helen Bates Anderson, B.S. Director of the Personnel Office Elizabeth Cobnwall, B.S. Executive Dietitian Donald Watson Height, B.S. Constdtant on Funds Harry Bertram Jones Controller John Herbert Kreinheder, B.S. Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds John Louis Lelievre Purchasing Agent LIBRARIANS Helen Margaret Brown, B.A., M.S. Librarian Eleanor Adams, B.S. Senior Cataloguer Elaine Sybil Berg, B.A., M.S. Circulation Librarian Margaret Marion Boyce, B.A., M.A., M.L.S. Research Librarian, Reference and Instruction Elizabeth Simmons Cookson, B.A. Junior Cataloguer Hannah Dustin French, B.A., B.S., M.S. Research Librarian, Special Collections Marion Elizabeth Kanaly, B.A., B.S. Documents Librarian Wynifred Evelyn Eaves Lemaitre, B.A., B.L.S. Cataloguer Therese Jean Mueller, B.M., M.A.L.S. Music Librarian Beatrice Mae Quartz. B.A., B.A.L.S., M.A. Associate Librarian, Technical Services Ann Millicent Rinehart, B.S. in Ed., M.S. Serials Librarian Iola Corliss Scheufele Administrative Assistant, Acquisitions Department Helen Mary Walker, B.A., M.S. Cataloguer * Absent on leave for the first semester. * Appointed for the first semester only. Faculty and Administration 19 PHYSICIANS Elizabeth Louise Broyles, M.D. Edna Ruth Breitwieser, M.D. Grace Evelyn Welder, M.D. Harold Dixon Stalvey, M.D. Walter Kaupe, M.D. JE ANNETTE HATFIELD CORWIN, M.D. Resident Physician Associate Physician Assistant Resident Physician Consulting Psychiatrist Associate Consulting Psychiatrist Associate Consulting Psychiatrist RESIDENT HEADS OF HOUSES Margaret Writ well Boynton Louise Reynolds Bradner, B.A. Ruth Elizabeth Campbell, B.A. Meriam Griffin Hedges Irva Jones, B.A. Ruth Cullens Marten, B.A. Jean McCracken Milligan Cynthia Crosman Moses Helen Farr Robertson, B.A. Mary Folsom Staples Elizabeth S. Thompson, B.A. Margaret Tucker Thurston Constance Stanton Turner, B.A. Head of Freeman Hall Head of Tower Court Head of Beebe Hall Head of Olive Davis Hall Head of Cazenove Hall Head of McAfee Hall Head of Claflin Hall Head of Stone Hall Head of Munger Hall Head of Pomeroy Hall Head of Bates Hall Head of Shafer Hall Head of Severance Hall ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF Marion Cole, M.A. Alice L. Daniels Vivien Kingsford Dowst Doris Elsie Drescher, B.S. Vergenta Phellips Eddy, B.A. Doris Kerkham Grant Thelma Cummengs Hall Ruth Brank Kneisel, B.A. Elfreede Carter Maclaurin, Patricia Leahy Meany, B.A. Anne Sinnott Moore, B.A. Harreet V. Sullivan, Ph.D. Barbara Maynard Twombly, Mary Slade Walker, B.A. Erma Soults Whipp, B.S. Rhoda Zeegler, B.A. B.A. B.A. Assistant Director of Publicity Secretary to the Dean Secretary, Infirmary Assistant to the Director of Residence Secretary to the President Assistant to the Director of Admission Assistant to the Recorder Assistant to the Dean of Students Placement Counselor Placement Counselor Program Director, Development Fund Assistant to the Director of Admission Manager, Information Bureau Assistant to the Director of Admission Administrative Assistant to the Librarian Manager, Duplicating Office THE COLLEGE Wellesley College is a liberal arts college for women situated in the township of Wellesley twelve miles west of Boston. The four hundred acre campus was once the country estate of Henry Fowle Durant, a wealthy Boston lawyer. In the lSGO's Mr. Durant and his wife, moved by religious convictions, decided to establish a residential college that would "offer to young women opportunities for education equivalent to those usually provided in colleges for young men." It was Mr. Durant's hope that in this college young women could prepare themselves "for great conflicts, for vast reforms in social life, for noblest usefulness." The decision was followed by years of preparation until the College received a charter in 1870 and in 1875 was opened to three hundred and fourteen students. The resources and size of the College grew steadily. The single build- ing with which Wellesley started, College Hall, housed all students and faculty and contained the library, chapel, classrooms, and laboratories. As the number of students increased, other buildings were added, but College Hall remained the center of community life until it was destroyed by a great fire in 1914. Gradually Wellesley was rebuilt; in place of one enormous structure housing many activities, buildings for special uses were erected on the various hills on the campus. Today more than forty buildings provide facilities for the intellectual and community life of the College. Thirteen of them are residence halls for undergraduate students. The halls are large, with the result that the student, who finds that academic instruction is usually given in small groups, in the course of her residence forms a wide acquaintance with people who come from many different regions. Wellesley believes that the study of the liberal arts develops per- spective and intellectual strength for the endeavors of a lifetime. It seeks to give to the student broad knowledge of her cultural heritage and to develop her competence in and respect for disciplined, honest thinking. These purposes of the College have remained constant since its founding, while the particulars of its programs are frequently revised under the influences of the changing contemporary world. The faculty is composed of approximately 170 men and women, trained in many different universities here and abroad and chosen to maintain Wellesley's tradition of good teaching and sound scholarship. The student body includes approximately 1,700 young women who bring to the com- munity the cultural, economic, and regional diversity of the United States, and also representation of many foreign countries. Because of the size and composition of the College the student meets a wide range of view- 20 The College 21 points and fields of special interest; yet she finds that the policies of the modem Wellesley permit education to be an individual process as it was when the College began. Most classes are small enough to make possible the exchange of ideas between student and teacher and to enable the faculty to know and plan for the needs of each individual. The student is not provided with a re- quired "core" curriculum but in the freshman and sophomore years is asked to elect from many available courses work in the humanities, the social sciences, and the sciences. In this way she builds at once on her own earlier education and her present interests while developing with her fellows a basic community of understanding of the liberal arts. As soon as she wishes and at the latest by the end of the sophomore year, she selects a major. Within her major department she continues to develop her particular interests by choosing her special work from its offering of advanced courses, seminars, and guided independent study, while limitation of the amount of specialization safeguards the broadly liberal purpose of the four-year undergraduate curriculum. The student is expected to take the initiative in planning her program and in meeting her academic and residential obligations. At various times before reaching decisions she may need counsel or may wish to talk freely with an older person about her academic or personal life. At such times she can turn easily to her class dean who keeps in touch with her aca- demic progress and her personal welfare, or to her instructors, including the ordained ministers who are teaching members of the faculty, to the resident head of her house, or to the college physicians and psychiatrists. After she selects a major, she may also find helpful the chairman or her adviser in the major department. If she has financial difficulties, she may turn to her dean, to the secretary to the Committee on Scholarships, or to the Students' Aid Society. If she wishes paid work during the academic year or in vacations, or if as a graduating senior or an alumna she wishes employment, the director of the Placement Office is prepared to help her. Because maturing independence is respected, advice is not thrust upon the student, but it is readily available from experts in various areas and from intelligent adults interested in each individual. The learning situation created by student and teacher is strengthened by the quality of the physical facilities available for their use. At Welles- ley the student of the biological or physical sciences finds laboratories un- usually well equipped for undergraduate work and having in addition equipment for the work of graduate students and professors, whose re- search activities she may be invited to share. The student of art finds in the permanent collections on the campus a representative selection of monuments and extensive collections of slides and photographs, as well as rotating loan exhibits. The student of music finds listening rooms where 22 The College she has access to large libraries of records and practice rooms equipped with grand pianos. The student of language has a modern language laboratory available for her use, and for interested students of French, German, or Spanish special residential corridors are maintained. Any stu- dent interested in the yoimg child may observe and work with boys and girls in the college laboratory school for three, four, and five year olds. Every student benefits from library collections which are unusual in size and quality for an undergraduate college. The working library con- tains approximately 340,000 volumes carefully selected to meet the needs of the faculty as well as the students. Subscriptions to more than 1,000 American and foreign periodicals and the deposit of certain Government publications important to the student of the social sciences add to its usefulness. Special collections, containing rare items as well as important collateral works, offer opportunities for research to the undergraduate stu- dent and the advanced scholar. The College is fortunate in having dis- tinguished collections in English poetry, Italian literature, Medieval Euro- pean literature, and on the Far East. Except for the rare volumes in these and other special collections, books are kept on open shelves to which the student has immediate access. A broad program of extracurricular activities, made possible by the size and residential character of the College, supplements the liberal arts curriculum. From them the student chooses those which will contribute most to her enjoyment and growth. She may attend lectures by distin- guished scholars, readings by poets, concerts given by famous artists, and art, book, and scientific exhibits. Through participation in various organizations she may test and develop interests in such areas as music, theatre, athletics, journalism, social service, political and civic activity. Whatever her special interest, she finds opportunity to associate infor- mally and to work cooperatively with others. Some of the student groups, such as choir and theatre, have professional direction; most are organized and conducted entirely by students. Two of them, the Chapel Organization and the College Government Association, are sponsored jointly by students and faculty. The Chapel Organization supports daily services led by members of the community and Sunday services led by well-known ministers, at all of which attendance is vol- untary. It also coordinates denominational and interfaith activities, although the College itself continues to be a Christian, non-denominational institution. The College Government Association, to which all students belong, has executive, legislative, and judicial branches with elected stu- dent and faculty representatives, in each of which student representatives form the majority. This Association supports the methods and spirit of responsible democracy; it charters all extracurricular organizations, estab- lishes committees such as the Student Education Committee, and deter- mines social and residential regulations. The College 23 The present college is in marked contrast to the small faculty and student body, the one building, the collection of eight thousand books, and the restricted social life with which Wellesley started. Yet the serene beauty of the campus remains unchanged, and the student now as always finds opportunity to develop her standards of ethics and taste, of per- sonal and civic responsibility, and her intellectual and creative gifts. PRESIDENTS Ada Howard (1875-1881) Alice Freeman (1881-1887) Helen Shafer (1887-1894) Julia Irvine (1894-1899) Caroline Hazard (1899-1910) Ellen Frrz Pendleton (1911-1936) Mildred McAfee Horton (1936-1949) Margaret Clapp (1949- ) THE CURRICULUM The curriculum is designed to enable each student to achieve a sound liberal education. To provide the opportunity to gain breadth of knowl- edge and understanding, each student is asked to select a number of courses distributed among several representative fields of knowledge: the humanities, the social sciences, and the natural sciences. In this part of her work she will become acquainted with ways of thinking and with sig- nificant content in several disciplines. To provide a means to achieve depth in learning, each student is asked to choose a field of concentration con- sisting of a major and allied subjects. In this work she should acquire solid knowledge of one field and an understanding of its particular contribution to our civilization; also, she should develop the competence which comes from continued training and advanced study in her chosen field. There is scope within the curriculum for each student to meet the spe- cific requirements for the degree and, in addition, to choose a considerable number of courses without any restriction as to subject. Indeed, the pur- pose of the curriculum is to provide the framework within which the stu- dent, assisted by her academic advisers, constructs a program of study suited to her individual interests. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS Each candidate for the degree of Bachelor of Arts is required to com- plete 114 semester hours* of academic work. The normal period of time in winch to earn the degree is four years and a normal program of study consists of five courses ( 15 hours) in each semester of the first three years, and four courses (12 hours) in each semester of the senior year. Also, seniors are required to prepare for a general examination in the major subject. Required Courses English 100 (freshman year) 6 hours'* Biblical History 104 (sophomore year) 6 hours*** Physical Education, two periods a week in the freshman and sophomore years (no academic credit) Distribution of Studies Twelve hours (two year courses or their equivalent in semester courses) are to be elected as indicated from each of the three groups of subjects listed below. Of the 36 hours required for distribution, at least 24 hours * All references in this catalogue are to semester hours. ** Some students will be exempted on the basis of entrance records and tests taken at Wellesley. •** Students who are able to read Greek may substitute Biblical History 210 (2), The First Three Gospels in Greek, for the second semester of the required course. 24 The Curriculum 25 are to be taken in the freshman and sophomore years. It is permitted, and in many cases it may be desirable, to postpone until junior and senior years 12 hours, not more than 6 hours in each of two groups. Because in some departments certain courses do not count for distribution, in electing courses to meet this requirement students should consult the "Directions for Election" of each department. Group I. Literature, Foreign Languages, Art and Music. Departments of English, French, German, Greek, Italian, Latin, Russian, Spanish, Art, Music. Twelve hours are to be elected in Group I, 6 in one department and 6 in one or two other departments. Of the 12 hours in this group, at least 6 hours must be in literature, English or foreign: courses in English litera- ture, courses in Greek, Latin or Russian literature in translation, courses in a foreign language in which the main emphasis is on literature. Group II. Social Science, History and Philosophy. Departments of Economics, Political Science, Sociology and Anthro- pology, History, Philosophy. Twelve hours are to be elected in Group II: 6 hours in economics, or political science, or sociology and anthropology; 6 hours in history or philosophy. Group III. Science. Departments of Astronomy, Botany and Bacteriology, Chemistry, Geography, Geology, Mathematics, Physics, Psychology, Zoology and Physiology. Twelve hours are to be elected in Group III, 6 hours in one department and 6 in one or two other departments. * Of the 12 hours in this group, at least 6 hours must be in a laboratory course in one of the following: as- tronomy, botany, chemistry, geology, physics, zoology, the interdepart- mental courses in biology or in physical science. The remaining 6 hours may be taken in courses either with or without laboratory work. 000 Students who have not taken a recent course in biology in school should consider the advisability of electing botany, zoology or Interdepartmental 103. Those who have not taken a recent course in chemistry or physics in school should consider the advisability of electing one of the physical sciences: astronomy, chemistry, geology, physics or Interdepartmental 106. • English courses with emphasis on writing may not count for distribution. ** If Interdepartmental 103 or 106 is elected, the remaining 6 hours must be taken in departments not included in the interdepartmental course. *** Interdepartmental 218, History of Science, counts for distribution as a non- laboratory course. 26 The Curriculum Field of Concentration Students must elect a minimum of 42 hours in one area of concentra- tion, of which at least 24 hours are to be in the major department and at least 12 hours are to be in related departments. Courses are classified in grades I, II, III; grade I indicating elementary courses and grade III the most advanced courses. Of the 42 hours in the field of concentration, at least 18 hours must be above grade I; at least 12 hours must be grade III; and at least 6 hours of grade III must be taken in the senior year. Courses taken in fulfillment of the distribution requirement may be counted in the 42 hours in the field of concentration unless otherwise specified by the department. During the freshman year, with the assistance of the class dean, all students will begin to give thought to the choice of their major subjects and some may reach a final decision. In the second semester of the sophomore year each student, after consultation with the chairman of the appropriate department, elects a major subject and related courses, and prepares for the Recorder a statement of the courses to be included in the field of concentration. If later revisions are necessary, the final plan for the field of concentration, approved by the chairman of the major department, should be presented to the Recorder not later than the spring of junior year. All departments of the College offer major courses of study except the following: Education, Physical Education, Russian, Speech. Some students wish to center their study upon an area, a period, or a subject which cuts across the lines of departmental organization. This can be done by meeting the minimum requirements for a major in one department and by careful selection of free electives and of courses related to the major. A student who is interested in a program of this kind should consult her class dean and the chairmen of appropriate depart- ments as soon as possible in her college course. Among the numerous possibilities for such study are programs centering on Asia, Latin America, Russia, the United States; the Middle Ages, the Renaissance; Interna- tional Relations, Natural Resources, Theatre Studies. Foreign Language Requirement Each candidate for the degree of Bachelor of Arts must show before the beginning of senior year that she has some proficiency in the use of at least one foreign language, ancient or modern. This requirement may be met by passing one of the language tests of the College Entrance Examination Board at a score of at least 580, or by the completion of a 6 hour course in college at the second year level or higher. The following The Cukbiculum 27 courses are of the second year level: French 102, German 102, Greek 201, 202, 205, Italian 201, 204, Latin 103, Russian 200, Spanish 102. General Examination At the end of the senior year each candidate for the degree of Bachelor of Arts must pass a general examination in her major subject, unless as a candidate for honors she is asked to pass special examinations taken in place of the general examination. The general examination is intended to test the student's intellectual initiative and independence in analyzing, organizing, and relating the material of her major subject; her knowledge of and ability to apply leading ideas met in that subject. Supplementary Directions Within the 114 hours required for the degree, the student is permitted ro elect: (1) Not more than 42 hours in any one department (2) Not more than two of the following courses: French 101, German 101, Italian 101, Russian 100, Spanish 101 (3) No studio work in Art without the required amount in the history of art (see department statement) (4) Not more than 18 hours in Education (5) Not more than 15 or 18 hours in Speech (see department statement) The program for the senior year may not include more hours of grade I work than of grade III. Requirements for Graduation To be recommended for the degree of Bachelor of Arts, a student must complete 114 semester hours of academic work at a C average or better, and she must pass the general examination in her major department, or special examinations for honors in the major subject. Also, she must have resided in the College for at least two years and must have completed satisfactorily two years of study at Wellesley College, one of which must be the senior year. Standard of WRrrrEN and Spoken English Students are expected to use good English in their written work in all departments. A student in any class who fails to maintain acceptable standards may be referred to the department of English for remedial work. Students are also expected to maintain good standards of spoken Eng- lish. The department of Speech offers courses, and also individual work 28 The Curriculum without academic credit, for students who wish to improve the quality of their oral English. RESEARCH OR INDEPENDENT STUDY Each department of the College which offers a major course of study provides the opportunity for certain students to undertake a program of individual study directed by a member of the faculty. Under this program, an eligible student may undertake a research project or a program of reading in a particular field. The results of her work normally will be pre- sented in a thesis or in a series of short essays. The conditions for ad- mission to this work in each department are described under the course title, 350, Research or Independent Study. HONORS AND ACADEMIC AWARDS Honors in the Major Subject Students who have shown marked excellence and an unusual degree of independence in their work in the major subject may receive the Bachelor of Arts degree with Honors in the Major Subject. Under a pro- gram called Special Honors an eligible student may be invited to under- take a piece of independent investigation in which her work will be supervised by a member of the faculty; the successful completion of the independent work and of an honors examination leads to the award of Honors in the Major Subject. Under a plan called General Honors this same award may be made to students who have shown an unusual de- gree of independence or distinction in courses in the major subject, have elected a sound program in the field of concentration, and have written an excellent general examination. The intent behind both plans is to single out the most able scholars for this recognition. To be recommended for this award the student, in addition to showing marked excellence in her major subject, must main- tain a good general average in all her academic work. Academic Awards Distinction and promise in academic work are recognized by special awards. These awards, unlike financial aid which is described on pages 116-119, are honors open to all students and are awarded without refer- ence to need. The College names as Pendleton Scholars certain entering students who submit outstanding credentials for admission. It confers Freshman Honors on the students who maintain high academic standing during the fresh- The Cubriculum 29 man year and names in convocation the juniors and seniors whose records after the freshman year are at the level of Wellesley College Scholars and Durant Scholars. Final honors, conferred at Commencement, are based on academic records after the freshman year and include the title Welles- ley College Scholar for high academic standing and Durant Scholar for the highest academic standing. Seniors are elected to membership in the Eta of Massachusetts Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa on the basis of their total academic achievement in college, and seniors who are majoring in the sciences may be elected to associate membership in the Wellesley Chapter of Sigma Xi, national honorary scientific society. On recommendation of the faculty the trustees award to four seniors who intend to pursue graduate studies the title of Trustee Scholar. The awards are made on a competitive basis in two categories: two for graduate study without restriction as to subject; two for graduate study undertaken as preparation for college teaching. The title is honorary; in cases of financial need stipends are awarded to the Scholars or, if not required by them, to alternates who need financial assistance. Certain prizes have been established at the College for the recognition of merit in a particular field. They carry a small stipend or gift and usually bear the name of the donor or the person honored. GENERAL INFORMATION Course Examinations An examination period occurs at the end of each semester. Examina- tions for the removal of conditions and deficiencies and for advanced standing may be taken during any examination period and at other specified times. A student who wishes to take an examination upon a course which is not a part of her approved schedule for the year must apply to the Re- corder for the requisite card of admission to the examination. Special Examinations In many departments special examinations are offered to qualified stu- dents to earn credit for work done independently, for admission to ad- vanced courses without the stated prerequisites, or to meet part of the distribution requirement. A student is permitted to fulfill by examination rather than by electing a course no more than 6 of the 12 hours required for distribution in each of the three groups. (See pages 24 and 25.) A student who wishes to apply for a special examination to be taken at the 30 The Curriculum beginning of the college year should write to the Recorder before the first of September. Advanced Placement Students are encouraged to enter the most advanced courses for which they are prepared by previous study. For information about advanced placement and credit, either with or without special examinations, see page 112. Use of the Summer Vacation Students are encouraged to make constructive use of the long summer vacations, supplementing in them the work and activities of the academic year. Several possibilities are recognized, for example, field or labora- tory work, vocational experience, and serious and ordered reading. It is expected that all students will undertake some serious reading, and to assist them in planning it a general book list is given to freshmen in the second semester for use throughout their college years. Also, for sopho- mores and juniors, major departments prepare more specialized lists in which the suggested reading is designed to enrich the student's knowl- edge of her major subject. The Summer Internship in Government The College joins with Vassar College in sponsoring a program that enables students from various departments to learn at first hand of the operations of the Federal Government. Students who are accepted for the program spend six weeks in Washington during the summer preced- ing their senior year. A director arranges assignments in various govern- ment bureaus, Congressional offices, and headquarters of the Democratic and Republican National Committees, and meets regularly with the in- terns during the six weeks. The Junior Year Abroad Qualified students may apply for admission to the various groups spending the junior year in Europe. Wellesley students may study in Paris under the plan sponsored by Sweet Briar College, or in Munich under the auspices of Wayne University, or in Florence, Geneva, Madrid or Paris with groups organized by Smith College. A student who wishes to join one of these groups must have a good academic record and com- petence in the language of the country in which she plans to study; in general two years of study of the language at the college level are neces- sary to provide adequate preparation. In advance of making applica- tion, a student must have the approval of the chairman of her major department and of her class dean. The Curriculum 3 J PREPARATION FOR GRADUATE STUDY College Teaching and Research A student who wishes to enter college teaching and research will find that the undergraduate work of the College provides preparation for graduate study leading to advanced degrees in the arts and sciences. She should consult as early as possible the chairman of her major depart- ment, or of the department in which she hopes to pursue graduate study, to learn which courses in her field of special interest and which foreign languages will be most useful to her. It should be noted that for graduate study in many fields a reading knowledge of two specified languages is required. The student will find her class dean, her faculty adviser, the chairmen of departments and the Placement Office helpful in locating information about graduate schools. Other Professions In her undergraduate work a student may meet the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts and at the same time prepare to enter professional schools, for example, architecture, law, medicine, social service administration, teaching. A sound education in the liberal arts is considered the best preparation for admission to most professional schools but a student who is interested in any one of the professions should consult her class dean to discuss the particular emphasis which she should make in her undergraduate program. She should also consult as soon as possible the catalogue of the graduate school which she has chosen. Teaching in Schools Some teaching positions in public as well as in private schools are open to college graduates without further study, although a year of graduate work is required for teachers in many public school systems. Courses in the principles and history of education given by the department of Edu- cation help a student to prepare for teaching and to meet some of the requirements for certification. They also serve as prerequisites for gradu- ate work in education. Wellesley is one of a group of colleges affiliated with the Harvard Graduate School of Education in a program which affords graduates of the cooperating colleges special opportunities for practice teaching in the summer, for paid teaching internships during the regular school year, and for graduate study at Harvard. A student who cannot plan for graduate work immediately after col- lege is advised to consider enrolling, during the summer following her junior year, in one of several summer programs which provide courses in methods in conjunction with supervised practice teaching. 32 The Curriculum A student who intends to teach should consult the chairman of the Education department about requirements for certification and ways of preparing to meet them. Medical School In general, the minimum requirements for admission to recognized medical schools can be met by two year courses in chemistry ( which must include a year course in organic chemistry), a year course in physics, and a year course in zoology. Because there is some variation in the minimum requirements and some medical schools have specific requirements, a stu- dent should consult the most recent catalogues of the particular medical schools in which she is interested. Many students planning to study medicine elect two pre-medical sciences in the freshman year. At present considerable emphasis is being placed by the medical schools on the importance of a liberal education as a preparation for medical studies and it is possible to fulfill the mini- mum requirements for medical school and to take the general examination in a field not required for entrance. A student, therefore, is advised to major in the field of her greatest interest. Students wishing to prepare for medical school should consult Associate Professor Jean V. Crawford, department of Chemistry. Hospital and Public Health Work A student planning to prepare for work in hospital or public health laboratories should begin both chemistry and zoology in the freshman year in order to have the necessary foundation for advanced courses in these subjects and for courses in bacteriology. Students should consult their class deans for advice in planning their programs. The Civtl Service A student wishing to qualify for examinations offered by the United States Civil Service Commission or various state and local civil service agencies should consult her major department and the Placement Office about current requirements. For many positions some work in statistics and public administration is desirable; graduate study is a qualification for many of the more important posts. GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS Fellowships for Alumnae of Wellesley College Four graduate fellowships providing stipends which range from $2,000- $2,500 are open only to alumnae of Wellesley College: the Horton- Hallowell Fellowship for a candidate for the Ph.D. degree; the Fanny Bullock Workman Scholarship for a student who has completed one year The Curriculum 33 of graduate study; and, awarded in alternate years, the Vida Dutton Scudder Fellowship for a graduate student in the field of social science, political science, or literature, and the Edna V. Moffett Scholarship in the field of history. Graduates of the College are eligible to compete for three fellowships of $2,000 which are awarded annually by the American School of Classical Studies in Athens. Qualified graduates are exempt from any charge for tuition at the American School of Classical Studies in Athens or in Rome. Fellowships and Assistantships for Alumnae of Any College Several scholarships are available for candidates for the degree of Master of Arts at Wellesley College. Also, assistantships, which provide stipends of $1800, are available in certain science departments for candi- dates for the master's degree. Information may be obtained from the Secretary of the Committee on Graduate Instruction. Four graduate fellowships for study at the institution of the candidate's choice are administered by Wellesley College and are open to alumnae of any college including Wellesley College. They provide stipends rang- ing from $500-$2,500. The Alice Freeman Palmer Fellowship is without restriction as to field; the Anne Louise Barrett Fellowship and, awarded in alternate years, the Harriet A. Shaw Scholarship are preferably for study in the field of music; the Amy Morris Homans Fellowships are for study in the field of physical education. Further information and application blanks may be obtained from the Secretary to the President. Application should be made by February 18. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS A candidate for the degree of Master of Arts is required to complete 24 hours of graduate work, which may include a thesis embodying the re- sults of original research. The program is arranged by the student's major department and is subject to the approval of the Committee on Graduate Instruction. A reading knowledge of French or German, to be tested by examination at entrance, is required. Individual departments may require a second language. At least one year in residence is required of all can- didates. Some departments, but not all, accept candidates for the Master of Arts degree. The College does not maintain a program of courses for graduate students separate from those offered for undergraduates. Properly quali- fied graduate students are admitted to grade III courses, to seminars, and to course 350, Research or Independent Study. Information regarding admission, living arrangements, graduate assist- antships and scholarships will be found in the bulletin, Graduate Study at Wellesley College, which will be sent upon application to the Secretary of the Committee on Graduate Instruction. COURSES OF INSTRUCTION 1962-1963 The following courses of instruction are offered by the several depart- ments. The College reserves the right to withdraw any course not chosen by at least six students. All courses are classified in grades I, II, III; grade I indicates ele- mentary courses and grade III the most advanced courses. Grade I courses are numbered 100, etc.; grade II courses 200, etc.; grade III courses 300, etc. The first semester is indicated by (1) following the course number, the second semester by (2). Courses not so designated are year courses. The number of hours of credit appears in parentheses following the course title. A semester course which carries three hours of credit requires ap- proximately nine hours of work each week spent partly in class and partly in preparation. The amount of time scheduled for classes varies with the subject from two hours each week in many courses in the humanities and social sciences to three, four, or five scheduled hours in certain courses in foreign languages, in art and music, and in the sciences. A class period is sixty minutes in length. Classes are scheduled from Monday morning through late Friday afternoon. ART Professors: Bernard Chapman Heyl, m.f.a.; John Mc Andrew, m.arch.; Teresa Grace Frisch, ph.d. Associate Professors: Agnes Anne Abbot; Elizabeth Holmes Frisch; Curtis Howard Shell, ph.d. (Chairman); Jack Leonard Benson, ph.d. Assistant Professor: Joseph Ablow, m.a. Instructors: Eugene Albert Carroll, m.a.; James Wilson Bayen, m.f.a.; Walter Melville Wedrig, m.a.; Earl B. Flansburgh, 5 m.arch. Director of the Museum: Julia Gray Phelps, ph.d. Secretary of the Department: Alice Churchill Moore History of Art Many of the courses in art include some laboratory work in the one or more mediums with which the course is concerned. The department believes that laboratory training has great value in developing observation and understand- ing of artistic problems, and for this reason requires it of majoring students. It should be stated, however, that no particular natural aptitude is required and that the work is adjusted to the student's ability. 100. Introductory Course (6 hrs.) The major styles in Western architecture, sculpture, and painting from ancient times to the present. A foundation for further study of the history of art. Simple laboratory work (requiring no previous training or artistic skill) planned to give * Appointed for the second semester only. 34 Akt 35 the student a greater understanding of artistic problems. Open without pre- requisite to freshmen and sophomores. The Staff 201 (2). Greek Sculpture (3 hrs.) The development of Greek sculpture from its origins through the Hellenistic age. Study of focal monuments and artists in each successive period. Laboratory work, consisting largely of modeling and carving. Open to sophomores who have taken 100 and to juniors and seniors without prerequisite. Mr. Benson, Mr. Rayen 202 (1). Medieval Sculpture (3 hrs.) Western European sculpture of the Romanesque and Gothic periods, intro- duced by a brief study of pre-Romanesque art. Laboratory work consisting largely of modeling and carving. Prerequisite, same as for 201. Miss Frisch, Miss Abbot 203 (2). Medieval Architecture (3 hrs.) The architecture of Western Europe from the Fall of Rome to the beginning of the Renaissance, with particular concentration on the great Romanesque and Gothic monuments. Occasional laboratory work. Prerequisite, same as for 201. Mr. McAndrew, Mr. Flansburgh 207 (2). Art of the Far East (3 hrs.) A study of the art of India, China, and Japan, with particular emphasis on China. No laboratory work. Open to juniors and seniors without prerequisite. Miss Frisch 209 (1). Art of the Roman Empire (3 hrs.) The major monuments of architecture, sculpture, and painting in the Roman Empire from the formation of the Roman style through the Late Antique. Emphasis upon Roman contributions to the main tradition of Western art. No laboratory work. Prerequisite, same as for 201. Mr. Benson 215 (1). European Art Through the Renaissance (3 hrs.) The major movements in architecture, sculpture and especially painting from classical antiquity to about 1550. No laboratory work. Open to sophomores who have taken History 101 or Italian 101 or 103, and to juniors and seniors who have not taken or are not taking Art 100. Mr. Carroll, Mr. Widrig 216 (2). Post-Renaissance and Modern Art (3 hrs.) Western art from the beginning of the 17th century to the present. No labora- tory work. Open to sophomores who have taken 215 and to juniors and seniors who have not taken or are not taking 100 or 219. Mr. Carroll 219 (1). Nineteenth Century Painting (3 hrs.) A study of painting of the 19th century in Europe and America with emphasis on France. No laboratory work. Open to sophomores who have taken 100 and to juniors and seniors without prerequisite. Not open to students who have taken 216. Mr. Carroll 36 Coukses of Instruction 220 (2). Painting of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries in Southern Europe (3 hrs.) Italian painting from Caravaggio through Tiepolo, and Spanish painting from El Greco through Goya. No laboratory work. Open to sophomores who have taken 100, and to juniors and seniors without prerequiste. Mr. Heyl 221 (1). Painting of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries in Northern Europe (3 hrs.) Flemish, Dutch and French painting of the 17th century; French and English painting of the 18th century. No laboratory work. Prerequisite, same as for 220. Mr. Heyl 301 (2). Seminar in Ancient Art (3 hrs.) Intensive study of one or more of the fundamental problems in the history of Ancient Art. No laboratory work. Open to juniors and seniors who have taken 201 or 209. (Not offered in 1962-63.) Mr. Benson 302 (1). Italian Painting: the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries (3 hrs.) A brief exposition of late medieval style in Italian painting, followed by studies of selected artists whose work significantly illustrates the character of Early Renaissance style. Particular attention to Florentine masters. Laboratory work to be arranged. Open to juniors and seniors who have taken, or are tak- ing, a grade II course in the department, and, by permission, to especially qualified students. Mr. Shell, Mr^ Ablow 303 (2). Italian Painting: the Sixteenth Century (3 hrs.) Studies of the major masters of the High Renaissance style, followed by the examination of some selected Mannerist painters, and of those developments within 16th century painting which lead in the direction of the Baroque. Con- siderable attention to Venetian masters. Laboratory work to be arranged. Pre- requisite, same as for 302. Mr. Shell, Mr. Ablow 304 (2). Renaissance, Baroque, and Modern Sculpture (3 hrs.) A study of the major sculptors from the 15th century to the present. Labora- tory work to be arranged. Open to students who have taken 100 or 215 and, by permission, to especially qualified students. Mr. Benson, Mr. Raijen 305 (2). Modern Painting (3 hrs.) A study of European and American painting in the 20th century. Prerequi- site, same as for 302. Laboratory work to be arranged. Mr. McAndrew, Mrs. Frisch 306 (2).* The Graphic Arts from the Renaissance to the Present (3 hrs.) Emphasis on the styles of Durer, Rembrandt, Goya, Picasso. Special at- tention to the influence of technique upon style. Laboratory instruction in the processes of woodcut, engraving, etching, lithography. Visits to collections. Open by permission to juniors and seniors who have taken a grade II course in the department. (Not offered 1962-63.) * Offered in alternate years. Art 37 307 (2).° Problems in Medieval Style and Technique (3 his.) Study of selected manuscripts, mosaics, and wall paintings in Italy between the 4th and the 13th centuries, with experiments in the medium concerned, for close stylistic and technical analysis. Prerequisite, same as for 302. Miss Abbot 308 (2). Renaissance and Baroque Architecture (3 hrs.) The Early and High Renaissance, Mannerist and Baroque styles of the 15th through the 18th centuries, with particular emphasis on Italy. No laboratory work. Prerequisite, same as for 304. Mr. Widrig 309 (1). Modern Architecture (3 hrs.) The development of modern architecture in Europe and America in the last seventy years. Two periods of lecture and one of conference. Prerequisite, same as for 302. Mr. Widrig 311 (1). Painting of Northern Europe (3 hrs.) The period from the late 14th century to the mid-16th century in France, Germany, and the Low Countries. Laboratory work to be arranged. Pre- requisite, same as for 304. Mr. McAndrew, Mrs. Frisch 325 (1). Seminar. The Nature and Criticism of Art (3 hrs.) A study of various kinds of artistic analyses, and a consideration of problems in the theory and practice of criticism. Open, by permission, to seniors who have taken, or are taking, six additional hours of grade III. Mr. Heyl 330 (2). Seminar. Italian Painting (3 hrs.) Intensive study of one or more of the fundamental problems in the history of Italian painting. Open, by permission, to juniors and seniors who have taken 302 or 303. Mr. Shell 350. Research or Independent Study (3 or 6 hrs.) Open, by permission, to juniors and seniors who have taken, or are taking, a course of grade III. Studio Courses Six hours of studio work may count toward the degree after six hours in the history of art have been taken; and twelve hours after twelve hours in the history of art have been taken. 105 (1). Drawing and Sculpture (3 hrs.) Study of drawing and sculpture, with strong emphasis on design. Abstract problems in line and in relief, as well as portraiture and figure sketching. Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors and, by permission, to freshmen who have studied art before entering college. Four periods of class instruction and three of studio practice. Mr. Rayen 106 (2). Introductory Painting and Design (3 hrs.) Spatial and tonal problems partly abstract, partly representational, worked out in a variety of mediums and materials. Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors and, by permission, to freshmen who have studied art before entering college. Five periods of class instruction and three of studio practice. Mrs. Frisch, Mr. Rayen * Offered in alternate years. 38 Courses of Instruction 206 (1). Watercolor and Oil Painting (3 hrs.) Landscape, still life, and painting from model. Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors who have taken 100, 105, or 106. Five periods of class instruction and three of studio practice. Mrs. Frisch, Mr. Ablow 208 (2). Design (3 hrs.) The elements of visual communication, line, form, color, studied in relation to the special function or purpose which the work of art may be called upon to fulfill. Exploration of the potentialities and restrictions of the particular process or material. Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors who have taken 105, 106, or 206. Five periods of class instruction and three of studio practice. Mr. Ablow 300 (1). Advanced Painting. I (3 hrs.) Clarification of various problems in the language of painting, dealt with largely through the oil medium. Individual problems. Open by permission to juniors and seniors who have taken at least one other studio course. Four periods. (Not given 1962-63.) Mr. Ablow Directions for Election Course 100 is the basic introductory course for later work in the department and is required, except by special permission, of majoring students. (See Ex- emption Examination, below.) Students planing to major will be required to make adequate distribution in their elections in the different arts and different periods. Students majoring in the department must elect at least 24 hours in the history of art. A reading knowledge of French, German, or Italian, though not required, is very strongly recommended. The attention of students is called to the interdepartmental major program in Classical Archeology. Placement and Exemption Examinations Freshmen and sophomores, who secure the permission of the chairman, may qualify for entrance to grade II in art by passing an exemption examination, thus waiving the requirement of course 100. Related Courses Related courses may be chosen from many departments: English, History, Music, Philosophy, departments of foreign language and literature. By careful choice of related courses, a student majoring in art may plan a field of concentration emphasizing one century or period such as Ancient, Medieval, Renaissance, or Modern. Students interested in such a plan should consult the chairman of the department as early as possible. ASTRONOMY Professor: Sarah Jeannette Hill, ph.d. (Chairman) Lecturer: Martha Hazen Llller, ph.d. 101. Introduction to Astronomy (6 hrs.) The nature and organization of the astronomical universe: the sun and stars, Astronomy 39 solar system, stellar groups, nebulae, galaxies. Stress on observational evidence for astronomical concepts. Open to freshmen and sophomores who are not eligible for 102, and to juniors and seniors. Two periods of lecture and dis- cussion and one two-hour laboratory period. Some laboratory periods are scheduled in the evening for observation and use of the telescopes. Mrs. Liller 102. Introduction to Astronomy (6 hrs.) The same subject matter as in 101, but the treatment is more quantitative and the foundations are more thoroughly explored. Prerequisite or corequisite, Mathematics 106 or 109, or 4 admission units in Mathematics. Two periods of lecture and discussion weekly with a third period biweekly, and one two-hour laboratory period. Some laboratory periods are scheduled in the evening for observation and use of the telescopes. Miss Hill 200 (2). Modern Physics (3 hrs.) For description and prerequisite, see Physics 200. 201 (1). Electricity and Optics (3 hrs.) For description and prerequisite, see Physics 201. 202. Differential and Integral Calculus (6 hrs.) For description and prerequisite, see Mathematics 202. 203 (1). Stellar Systems (3 hrs.) Star clusters, stellar evolution, the Milky Way galaxy, the universe of gal- axies. Emphasis upon contemporary problems in optical and radio astronomy. Prerequisite, 101 or 102. Miss Hill 205 (2).° Introduction to Astrophysics (3 hrs.) The physical nature of the sun and stars derived from analysis of their spectra. Prerequisite, 101 or 102, and prerequisite or corequisite, Mathematics 106 or 109. The Staff 206 (2).* The Analysis of Observational Data (3 hrs.) Measurement and reduction of photographic plates. Theory of least squares. Numerical and approximate methods. Prerequisite or corequisite, Mathematics 106 or 109. (Not offered in 1962-63.) 302 (2). Galactic Structure (3 hrs.) The methods used in studying the dynamics and constitution of the Milky Way galaxy. Statistical astronomy, photometry, galactic rotation. Prerequisite, 101 or 102 and Mathematics 202. (Not given in 1962-63.) Miss Hill 303 (1). Differential Equations (3 hrs.) For description and prerequisite, see Mathematics 303. 305 (1). Selected Topics (3 hrs.) Intensive study of a specific field. Subject for 1962-63 is Galaxies. Pre- requisite, 101 or 102 and Mathematics 202. Mrs. Liller • Offered in alternate years. 40 Courses of Instruction 350. Research or Independent Study (3 or 6 hrs.) Open to seniors by permission. Directions for Election The major in astronomy is based upon at least 18 hours of astronomy, Mathe- matics 303 and Physics 200, and 201, and normally includes some grade III work in physics. Six hours of astronomy and six hours of mathematics should ordinarily be completed by the end of the sophomore year. Related or supplementary courses for the major may be elected in the de- partments of Mathematics and Physics, and may also include Geology 101 and Interdepartmental 218. Students considering graduate work in astronomy are urged to acquire a reading knowledge of French, and Russian or German. BIBLICAL HISTORY, LITERATURE, AND INTERPRETATION Professors: Ernest Rene Lacheman, b.d., ph.d.; Herbert Morrison Gale, s.t.b., ph.d. (Chairman); Fred Denbeaux, b.d., s.t.m.; Mary Lucetta Mowry, b.d., PH.D., L.H.D. Assistant Professors: Charles Arthur Mann Hall, b.d.; Wayne Gilbert Rollins, B.D., PH.D. Instructors: Roger Alan Johnson, b.d.; Benjamin Charles Milner, Jr., b.d., m.a.; Alan Wilkin Jenks, b.d. Secretary: Lillian Warren Moseley The requirement in Biblical history is met by course 104. Students with a knowledge of Greek may substitute course 210 for the second semester of 104. 104. Studies in the Old and New Testaments (6 hrs.) Basic material: selected parts of the Old Testament; the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke. Aim: to acquire a knowledge of these materials, of their historical-critical analysis, of the rise of the Hebrew-Christian tradition and the relevance of this tradition to the individual and society. Required of sophomores except as indicated above. The Staff 203. Elementary Hebrew (6 hrs.) The elements of Biblical Hebrew grammar and syntax, with practice in trans- lation and the memorizing of a vocabulary. Readings of selections from the Old Testament. Open to juniors and seniors by permission. Mr. Jenks 204 (1) (2). The Beginnings of Christianity (3 hrs.) A study of the emergence of the Christian movement with special emphasis upon those experiences and convictions which determined its distinctive char- acter. Intensive analysis of the thought of the Apostle Paul. Some considera- tion of other New Testament documents. Prerequisite, 104 or 210. Mr. Gale 206 (1) The Renaissance of Religion in the Later History of Israel (3 hrs.) A study of the literature of influential movements between the Exile and 70 A.D. Emphasis on Ezekiel, Ezra-Nehemiah, non-canonical literature includ- ing the Dead Sea Scrolls. Prerequisite, 104 or 210. Mr. Lacheman Biblical History, Literature, and Interpretation 41 208 (1). Survey of the Application of Christian Ethics to Social Problems (3 hrs.) A study of the historical and theological resources of the Judeo-Christian heritage for making concrete ethical decisions. Special consideration of con- temporary problems of church and state, of social and racial groups, and of the family. Open to juniors and seniors who have taken or are taking Eco- nomics 101, Political Science 100, Sociology 102, or any course in medieval or modern history. Mr. Hall 210 (2). The First Three Gospels in Greek (3 hrs.) Same material as the second semester of 104, planned for those students who, in fulfilling the Biblical history requirement, prefer to study the Gospels in Greek rather than in English translation. Open to students who have taken the first semester of 104 and have taken or are taking a grade II Greek course. Students choosing this way of fulfilling the requirement in Biblical his- tory may postpone the work until their junior year without special permission. Mr. Rollins 213 (2). Judaism from Phtlo to Spinoza (3 hrs.) The history of Judaism in its relation to the Graeco-Roman world, Christen- dom and Islam. Reading (in translation) of significant portions of Talmudic, Midrashic, Poetic, and speculative literatures. Prerequisite, 104 or 210. Mr. Lacheman 216 (1). History of Christian Thought (3 hrs.) A survey of the interaction of the Biblical world view with classical culture and the consequent emergence of specifically Christian thought. The Church Fathers, the theology of the Creeds, Augustine, and medieval theology. Pre- requisite, 104 or 210. Mr. Denbeaux 217 (2). History of Christian Thought (3 hrs.) The Reformation and the modern world. Studies in the religious thought of the 16th and 19th centuries, primarily. The origin and development of Prot- estantism, the Episcopal tradition, and the reformation of Roman Catholicism. The 19th century and the emergence of modern theology as influenced by Kierkegaard, Darwin, Marx, Dostoyevsky, and Freud. Prerequisite, 104 or 210. Mr. Denbeaux 218 (2). History of Christian Thought in America (3 hrs.) The history of religion from its Puritan beginnings to the present. The con- tinuing encounter between European theological and ecclesiastical traditions and the developing American culture. Examination of this process in major thinkers from Jonathan Edwards through Reinhold Niebuhr and Paul Tillich. Prerequisite, 104 or 210. Mr. Hall 219 (1). History of Christian Thought in the Twentieth Century (3 hrs.) An examination of recent theology, emphasizing the development from Harnack through Barth, and its contribution to the historical movement from orthodoxy to liberalism and neo-orthodoxy. Mr. Milner 251 (1). History of Far Eastern Religions (3 hrs.) The history and development of scriptures, theologies, institutions and cultic 42 Coubses of Instruction practices of Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, and Shintoism. Pre- requisite, 104 or 210. Miss Mowry 252 (2). History of Middle Eastern Religions (3 hrs.) The history and development of scriptures, theologies, institutions and cultic practices of Zoroastrianism and Islam. Some consideration of tiieir more primi- tive antecedents. Their relationship to Judaism and Christianity. Prerequisite, 104 or 210. Miss Mowry 301 (2).* Seminar est Mediterranean Religions (3 hrs.) Studies in Babylonian, Greek, and Roman theology. Prerequisite, 206. Mr. Lacheman 306 (2).* Seminar in the Old Testament (3 hrs.) Systematic study of important religious ideas of the Old Testament. Pre- requisite, 206. (Not offered in 1962-63.) Mr. Lacheman 307 (1). Seminar en the Theology of the Gospels (3 hrs.) Intensive study of the Gospels in the light of recent New Testament criticism and theological opinion. Attention given to the thought of such scholars as Bultmann, Cullmann, Dodd, Knox and Taylor. Prerequisite, 204. (Not given in 1962-63.) Miss Mowry 308 (2). Seminar in the History of New Testament Thought (3 hrs.) A theological examination of basic problems concerning the nature of God, of man, of evil, and of time. Prerequisite, 204. Mr. Rollins 310 (1). Seminar en Theology and History (3 hrs.) Studies in tire philosophy of history as seen in such thinkers as Augustine, Hegel, Toynbee. The significance of these positions for contemporary Judeo- Christian theology. Prerequisite, 216. Mr. Hall 311 (1) (2). Seminar en Theology and Literature (3 hrs.) An examination of the influence of the poetic imagination on the forma- tion and development of historical theology. The work of a major theological figure to be read in relation to analogies drawn from the fields of literature and drama. Prerequisite, 216. Mr. Denbeaux 312 (2). Seminar en Symbol and Myth (3 hrs.) An examination of the nature and origin of religious language, focusing on the thought of Paul Tillich, but with reference to related studies of the prob- lem. Prerequisite, 216. Mr. Johnson 350. Research or Independent Study (3 or 6 hrs.) Open to seniors by permission. Derecttons for Election Considerable freedom is possible within the major. In order, however, to provide cultural scope and to create the proper perspectives of criticism, a sound total program for the major shall include three hours of work beyond the sophomore requirement in at least two of the three areas upon which the * Offered in alternate years. Botany and Bacteriology 43 department places particular emphasis: (1) Old Testament, (2) New Testa- ment, (3) The History of Christian Thought. Students interested in the original language of the New Testament are en- couraged to confer with the Greek Department. Placement and Exemption Examinations The requirement in Biblical history may be met in some cases by the passing of an exemption examination. Exemption, when granted, will permit election of grade II courses in the department. BOTANY AND BACTERIOLOGY Professors: Harriet Baldwin Creighton, ph.d. (Chairman); Delaphtne Grace Rosa Wyckoff, ph.d. Assistant Professor: Debry Delos Koob, ph.d. Graduate Assistants: Dobothea Louise Gother, b.a.; Diana Margaret Staples, b.sc Custodian: Frances Kntbbs Folsom Secretary: Jacqueline Marie Butler 101. General Plant Sctence (6 hrs.) A study of plant science presenting the principles of biology and em- phasizing the importance of plants in our economic and social life. Topics con- sidered: growth and development of flowering plants; plant nutrition and its relation to animal and human nutrition; heredity and plant breeding; bacteria and other microorganisms; soil; forest and water resources; utilization of plant products in industry. Practice in growing plants in the greenhouses and gardens. Open to all undergraduates except those who have taken Interdepartmental 103. Four periods, one of lecture, three of discussion and work in labora- tory, greenhouse, and field. The Staff 103. An Introductory Course in Biology (6 hrs.) For description and prerequisite, see Interdepartmental 103. 201 (1). Landscape Gardening (3 hrs.) A study of cultivated plants with emphasis on their use in landscape garden- ing. Practice in applying the principles of design to gardens and to home and community plantings. Open to students who have taken 101 or 103 and to juniors and seniors without prerequisite. Counts as a non-laboratory science to meet part of the distribution requirement in Group IH. Four periods. Miss Creighton 202 (1). Plant Biology (3 hrs.) Growth and behavior of plants in relation to their natural environment. Studies of plant communities in the field, and experiments in the greenhouse and laboratory. Prerequisite, same as for 201. Four periods of lecture and laboratory. Mr. Koob 204 (2). Basic Horticulture (3 hrs.) The fundamentals of cultivation and propagation of house and garden plants and the methods of control of plant pests and diseases. Prerequisite, same as for 201. Four periods, two of lecture and discussion and two of practice in greenhouse and laboratory. Miss Creighton 44 Courses of Instruction 205 (1). Microbiology ( 3 ^ rs -) The structure, growth, reproduction and activities of yeasts, molds and bacteria, their interactions with the environment and their economic uses. Pre- requisite, six hours in Group III. Two periods of lecture, discussion, and dem- onstration. May be taken either (a) as a non-laboratory science with special readings and papers required, or (b) as a laboratory science with two periods of laboratory work. Mrs. Wyckofi 207 (1). Plant Resources (3 hrs.) A study of the agricultural and forest resources of the world with emphasis on those of the United States; the scientific basis for the production of plants for foods, fibers and the raw materials of industry; the influences of soil, climatic and biological factors on the growth of economically important plants. Prerequisite, same as for 201. Counts as a non-laboratory science to meet part of the Group III distribution requirement. Two periods. (Not given in 1962-63.) r The Staff 302 (1). Plant Structure (3 hrs.) A study of cells, tissues, and organs, their functions and roles in the de- velopment of form in the organism. Practice in the preparation of plant tissues for microscopic study. Prerequisite, 12 hours in the department. Four periods of lecture, discussion and laboratory. Miss Creighton 303 (2). Genetics ( 3 ****•) A study of inheritance, its cellular basis, the methods by which knowledge of heredity is obtained, and the application of this knowledge to biological problems. Laboratory experimentation with plants. Open to juniors and seniors who have taken six hours in the department and six additional hours in botany or zoology. Four periods of lecture, discussion and laboratory. Miss Creighton 304 (2). Plant Diseases (3 hrs.) Pathogenic fungi, their structure, their physiological processes, and their ef- fects on ornamental and economically important plants. Practice in the cultiva- tion of fungi and methods of combating plant diseases. Prerequisite, same as for 302. Four periods of lecture and of laboratory, field, or greenhouse. (Not offered in 1962-63.) 306. Physiology ( 6 nrs> ) First semester: Nature of protoplasm; processes of plant cells such as photo- synthesis, nutrition and respiration. Second semester: physiological proc- esses in growth and development of green plants; plant hormones, photo- periodism. Open to juniors and seniors who have taken six hours of grade II in the department and who have taken or are taking six hours of chemistry or physics. Four periods of lecture, discussion and laboratory. (Not offered in 1962-63.) 308 (2). General Bacteriology (3 hrs.) Study of the detailed structure of bacteria, their physiological processes and their relation to human welfare. Emphasis on current microbiological tech- niques. Open to students who have taken six hours of chemistry or physical Chemistry 45 science and either six hours of botany, zoology, or biology, or a second course in chemistry. Five periods of lecture and laboratory. Mrs. Wyckoff 312 (1). Advanced Bacteriology and Immunology (3 hrs.) Systematic study of bacteria, including serological relationships and roles in disease and immunity. Consideration of recent developments in bacteriology. Practice in bacteriological and serological techniques and procedures. Pre- requisite, 308. Four periods of lecture and laboratory. Mrs. Wyckoff 315 (2). Virology (3 hrs.) The nature of viruses and their interaction with plant, animal, and bacterial hosts. Open to seniors who have taken six hours from the following group of coiuses: 205, 304, 308, 312, or by special permission. Two periods. Mrs. Wyckoff 322. Seminar (3 or 6 hrs.) A field of botany or bacteriology scrutinized from standpoints of modern achievement, methods of investigation, and the theories and reasoning in- volved in reaching present-day conclusions. Open to graduate students and to seniors by permission. (Not given in 1962-63.) The Staff 350. Research or Independent Study (3 or 6 hrs.) Open to juniors and seniors by permission. Directions for Ei^ection The combination of courses for the major will depend upon the student's particular objectives—general plant science, horticulture and landscape garden- ing, or bacteriology and medical laboratory work. Courses in chemistry, geology, geography, physics and zoology are suggested for related work. Art 309 may be considered a related course in certain pro- grams. The department will admit properly qualified freshmen and sophomores to 202, 204, and 205 without examination but by special permission after con- sultation with the chairman of the department. Scholarship At the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole (or at a biological field station approved by the student's major department), a scholarship is open to undergraduates. Students should consult the Chairman of the Department be- fore February 15. CHEMISTRY Associate Professors: Jean Veghte Crawford, ph.d. (Chairman); Eleanor Rudd Webster, ph.d.; Elizabeth Jane Rock, ph.d.; Clifford Raymond Noll, Jr., ph.d. Instructors: Margaret Elizabeth Lang Langmutr, b.a.; Kay Frances Koch, ph.d. Assistant: Janet Mary Langdon, b.a.(oxon) Graduate Assistants: Jennifer Chancellor-Maddison, b.s.; Wei Lru, b.s.; Alicia O. Lustre, b.s. Custodian: Emily May Hopkins, m.a. 46 Courses of Instruction 101. Elementary Chemistry (6 his.) A study of the structure and properties of matter and of the fundamental laws and theories of chemistry. Open to students who do not present chemistry for admission. Two periods of lecture and discussion and one three-period laboratory appointment. Mr. Noll 104. General Chemistry (6 hrs.) Study of atomic structure, the chemical bond, and the fundamental chemi- cal principles underlying the reactions of inorganic and organic compounds. Open to students who offer chemistry for admission. Two periods of lecture and one three-period appointment. The Staff 106. An Introductory Course m Physical Science (6 hrs.) For description and prerequisite, see Interdepartmental 106. This course will, by special arrangement, serve as prerequisite for grade II courses in chemistry. (Not offered in 1962-63.) 203 (1). Identification of Elements and Compounds (3 hrs.) Physical and chemical properties of some important elements and compounds, both inorganic and organic; emphasis on the relationship between structure and properties. Laboratory work: identification of anions, cations and common classes of organic substances. Prerequisite, 101 or, by special arrangement, 106. Open to qualified freshmen by permission. Two periods of lecture and one three-period laboratory appointment. Miss Koch 204 (2). Elementary Quantitative Analysis (3 hrs.) The fundamental theory and practice of quantitative analysis applied to both inorganic and organic compounds. Prerequisite, 104 or 203. One period of lecture and two three-period laboratory appointments. Mrs. Langmuir 205 (1). Organic Chemistry (3 hrs.) Systematic study of the fundamental classes of organic compounds with em- phasis on their intercon version. Prerequisite, 104 or 203. Two periods of lecture and one three-period laboratory appointment. Miss Crawford 300 (2). Organic Chemistry (3 hrs.) Mechanisms of organic reactions. Laboratory work: synthesis and identification of organic compounds. Prerequisite, 205. Two periods of lecture and one three- period laboratory appointment. Miss Crawford 304 (1). General Quantitative Analysis (3 hrs.) Subject matter similar to that of 204 but presented from a more advanced point of view. Prerequisite, 205. One period of lecture and two three-period laboratory appointments. Mrs. Langmuir 305 (1). Physical Chemistry (3 hrs.) The laws and theories of matter in its various states of aggregation and chemical thermodvnamics. Prerequisite, 204 and 205, or 304; Physics 101, 104, or 105; Mathematics 202 or, by special arrangement, 106 or 107. Two periods of lecture and one three-period laboratory appointment. Miss Rock Chemistry 47 306 (2). Physical Chemistry (3 his.) A continuation of 305 including chemical equilibrium, reaction velocity, electrochemistry, and theories of atomic and molecular structure. Prerequisite, 305. Two periods of lecture and one three-period laboratory appointment. Miss Rock 307 (2). Inorganic Chemistry (3 hrs.) An advanced study of a variety of inorganic substances and an interpreta- tion of their properties in the light of recent theories of atomic and molecular structure. Prerequisite, 204 and 205, or 304. Miss Webster 308 (1). Biochemistry (3 hrs.) A study of the chemistry and structure of proteins with emphasis on the properties and reactions of living matter. Prerequisite, same as for 307. Two periods of lecture and one three-period laboratory appointment. Mr. Noll 309 (2). Biochemistry (3 hrs.) The chemistry of the more important classes of carbohydrates and lipids considered especially in terms of biological functioning. Prerequisite, 308. Two periods of lecture and one three-period laboratory appointment. Mr. Noll 312 (1). Use of the Literature of Chemistry (1 hr.) An introduction to the published source materials of chemistry and to their use in advanced work and in research. Prerequisite, same as for 307. Mrs. Langmuir 313 (1). Advanced Organic Chemistry (3 hrs.) A study of an advanced topic in organic chemistry such as stereochemistry, heterocyclic chemistry, reaction mechanisms, or the chemistry of natural prod- ucts. Ordinarily a different subject each year. Prerequisite, 204 or 304, and 300. Two periods of lecture and discussion. Miss Koch 314 (2). Instrumental Analysis (3 hrs.) Principles and practice of instrumental methods such as absorption and emission spectrometry, electroanalysis, and chromatography. Open to students who have taken or are taking college physics and who have taken 204 and 205, or 304. One period of lecture and two three-period laboratory appoint- ments. Mrs. Langmuir 315 (2). Advanced Organic Laboratory (3 hrs.) Synthesis and characterization of organic compounds; use of vacuum, chromatographic and spectral techniques. Prerequisite, same as for 313. One period of lecture and two three-period laboratory appointments. Miss Koch 316 (1). Chemical Theory (3 hrs.) Selected topics in the development of modern chemistry chosen to illustrate major conceptual advances in one or more branches of the field. Subject to be announced. Open by permission to juniors and seniors. Miss Rock 48 Courses of Instruction 320. Seminar (2 his.) Recent developments in chemistry. Inorganic, organic, physical and bio- chemistry studied in successive semesters. Open to graduate students. May be taken for two, three or four semesters and may be begun either semester. The Staff 350. Research or Independent Study (3 to 6 hrs.) Open by permission to students who have taken at least 18 hours in chemistry. DmECTIONS FOR ELECTION All students majoring in chemistry are required to complete 204 or 304, 205 and 300, 305 and 306, and are advised to elect 307. Any other courses in the de- partment may be added to complete the 24-hour major. A year of college physics and one year of college mathematics, which must include calculus, are required. In addition students are advised to acquire a reading knowledge of German and of either French or Russian. Premedical students are referred to the requirements as given on page 31. The American Chemical Society has established a set of requirements which it considers essential for the training of chemists. Students wishing to meet the standard of an accredited chemist as defined by this society should consult the Chemistry Department. Placement and Exemption Examinations Unusually well-qualified students may apply for an examination covering the year's work in Chemistry 101. (A college textbook of general chemistry should be used in preparation for this examination.) The satisfactory completion of this examination will be accepted as the equivalent of Chemistry 101 as a prerequisite for advanced work in the department. CLASSICAL ARCHEOLOGY Director: Dorothy Mae Robathan, Professor of Latin An interdepartmental major in Classical Archeology gives opportunity for a study of classical civilization through its art, literature, and history, with emphasis on either the Greek or Roman period. The field of concentration (42 hours) should normally include ancient his- tory (6 hours); art (12 to 15 hours); Greek or Latin language and literature (18 to 21 hours); independent study of an archeological topic correlating work in art and literature (3 to 6 hours). In addition to the work elected in eithei Greek or Latin, the candidate must give evidence of a working knowledge of the second language. Economics 49 ECONOMICS Professor: Richard Vernon Clemence, 1 ph.d. Associate Professor: Carolyn Shaw Bell, ph.d. (Chairman) Assistant Professors: Frederic Norbert Firestone, ph.d.; Marshall Irwin Gold- man, PH.D. Instructors: Jan Parker, m.a.; Joan Elizabeth Greenwood, m.a.; Marcia Lee Stigum, ph.d.; Shirley Montag Almon, m.a. Secretary: Mildred Bond Remsen 101. f Survey of Modern Economics (6 hrs.) An introduction to the major principles and problems of economic science— the study of the ways people make a living— with special reference to the United States. Organization and operation of American business; individual and family income; money and banking; prosperity and depression; nature and causes of inflation; labor-management relations; government taxing and spending; foreign trade and foreign aid; comparisons of the American economy with others. Open to all undergraduates. The Staff 201 (1). Economic Analysis (3 hrs.) The basic techniques of modern analysis applicable to problems of income, output, employment, and prices. Fundamentals of economic theory and method. Prerequisite, 101. Mr. Firestone 204 (2). Economic History of the United States (3 hrs.) Economic change in America: the transformation of an agricultural economy; the course of the Industrial Revolution; role of public and private institutions in the process of economic change. Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors who have taken or are taking 101. Miss Greenwood 205 (1) (2). Corporations and Business Enterprise (3 hrs.) The development of the modem corporation, and its place in the economy. Corporate organization and management; corporate securities; the stock market; investment and speculation; relations of the corporation with employees, cus- tomers, owners, and government agencies. Prerequisite, same as for 204. Mr. Goldman 207 (2). Labor Economics (3 hrs.) Activities and policies relating to American labor. Growth and composition of the labor force. Labor unions and collective bargaining. Public policy; social legislation. Prerequisite, same as for 204. Mr. Firestone 211 (1) (2). Introduction to Social and Economic Statistics (3 hrs.) A non-mathematical course in basic methods of statistical description and inference in the social sciences. Measures of central tendency and dispersion. Probability, sampling, simple correlation, index numbers, and time series. Laboratory work with calculating machines. Prerequisite, same as for 204. (For mathematical statistics, see Mathematics 205.) Miss Parker, Mrs. Stigum 1 Absent on leave. t Students may begin the course in either semester. Credit will be given for the course only after completion of both semesters. 50 Courses of Instruction 212 (2). Economics of Accounting (3 hrs.) A survey of the fundamental principles of accounting; problems in accounting technique. Emphasis on the relation of accounting theory and practice to eco- nomic theory and contemporary economic problems. Aim: to enable the stu- dent to interpret and utilize accounting data in other fields of economics and in the analysis of public policy. Prerequisite, same as for 204. Mrs. Bell 220 (1). Money and Banking (3 hrs.) The development and role of money and credit in a modern economy. Operations of commercial banks, the Federal Reserve System, and non-bank financial intermediaries. Monetary models. Analysis of monetary policy in the United States since 1913. Current domestic and international monetary prob- lems. Prerequisite, 101. Miss Parker 221 (1). Business Cycles (3 hrs.) Fluctuations in general economic activity. Nature and causes of prosperity and depression. Measuring and forecasting cyclical changes. Cycles and pub- lic policy. Prerequisite, 101. Mrs. Stigum 301 (1). Comparative Economic Systems (3 hrs.) Economic processes and goals of alternative types of economic systems. Study of functioning economies, illustrative of capitalism, socialism, com- munism, fascism. Open to juniors and seniors who have taken 101 and have taken or are taking a grade II course in economics, history, political science, or sociology. Mr. Goldman 302 (2). Economic Development (3 hrs.) Theories of economic development, and their application to the growth of modern nations. Comparative rates of growth as related to economic institu- tions and policies. Special problems of the less developed countries, and their significance to the United States. Open to juniors and seniors who have taken 101 and six additional hours in the department. Mr. Goldman 305 (2). The Structure of American Industry (3 hrs.) The organization and development of representative industries in agricultural and industrial production and distribution. Resources and production, markets and prices. Economic aspects of public policy in the regulation of business. Prerequisite, 201 or 205. Mrs. Almon 307 (1). The Economics of Consumption (3 hrs.) Analysis of wants and choices of consumers; income distribution and con- sumption patterns; marketing in its relation to consumers; legislative influ- ences; the impact of consumption decisions on the economy. Open to students who have taken or are taking 211. Mrs. Bell 310 (2). PuHLic Finance (3 hrs.) Principles and problems of government revenues, expenditures, and debts. Fiscal policy and the national income; the shifting and incidence of taxation. Special emphasis on the tax system of the United States. Open to juniors and seniors who have taken 101, and who have taken or are taking a grade II course in economics or political science. Miss Parker Economics 51 312 (2).° Economic Statistics (3 his.) Further development of techniques studied in 211. Investigation of an eco- nomic problem susceptible of statistical analysis. Design of the project, collec- tion and tabulation of data, analysis and report of results. Open to juniors and seniors who have taken 211 or, by permission, to students who have taken Mathematics 205, and have taken or are taking any other course of grade II in economics. Mrs. Stigum 313 (2). Seminar. Selected Topics in Economic Movements and Theories (3 hrs.) Subject for 1962-63: Research methods and techniques. Open by permission to juniors. Miss Greenwood 314 (1). International Economics (3 hrs.) Industrial foundations of international trade. Theories and institutions of international trade and investment. The international economic position of countries in different stages of economic growth. Open to juniors and seniors who have taken 101 and are majoring in economics, geography, history or po- litical science. Miss Greenwood 315 (1).° History of Economic Thought (3 hrs.) The development of economic thought from ancient to modern times. A brief survey of early economic ideas, followed by a more detailed examination of the history of economics since 1776. The systems of the leading economists in the light of their own times and of the present day. Prerequisite, 201. (Not offered in 1962-63.) Mr. Firestone 316 (1).* Modern Economic Thought (3 hrs.) Recent developments in economic thought, and their significance for theory and policy. Reading and discussion of contemporary economic literature. Pre- requisite, 201. Mr. Firestone 317 (2). Seminar. Mathematical Economics (3 hrs.) Open by permission to qualified seniors. Prerequisite, Mathematics 106 or 109 or the equivalent. Mrs. Stigum 350. Research or Independent Study (3 or 6 hrs.) Open to juniors and seniors by permission. DmEcnoNS for Election Students proposing to elect courses other than 101 should consult a member of the department before making final decisions concerning their programs. Students wishing to emphasize international relations in their field of con- centration should consult the chairman of the department as early as possible. Placement and Exemption Examinations Examinations for exemption from Economics 101, and for advanced standing, are offered to qualified students. • Offered in alternate years. 52 Courses of Instruction EDUCATION Associate Professor: Mary Ewen Ulich, ed.d. (Chairman) Lecturers: Louise Catherine Heuser Keller, ed.m.; Esther Pastene Edwards," m.a. 101 (1) (2). Introduction to Classical Philosophy (3 hrs.) For description and prerequisite, see Philosophy 101. 102. Introduction to Psychology (6 hrs.) For description and prerequisite, see Psychology 102. 104 (2). Introduction to Moral Philosophy (3 hrs.) For description and prerequisite, see Philosophy 104. 200 (1) (2). Philosophy of Education (3 hrs.) The role of philosophical thought and analysis in the clarification of major problems of education. Discussion of the aims of schooling, and the relation of knowledge to individual and social values. Open to freshmen in the second semester who have taken or are taking a course in philosophy or psychology, to all sophomores who meet the above prerequisite, and to juniors and seniors without prerequisite. Mrs. Ulich 201 (2). History of Educational Ideas (3 hrs.) Study of the interrelationship between educational ideas and ideals and their historical setting, their influence on the educational process, and their contribution to the general development of culture. Prerequisite, 200. Mrs. Ulich 202 (2). The Elementary School (3 hrs.) The organization of the elementary school, its curriculum, the teacher's work, and current educational policies. Emphasis placed on the development and characteristics of elementary school children. Observation in schools required. Prerequisite, 200. Miss Edwards 205 (1). The Education of the Young Child (3 hrs.) A survey of the theory and practice of early childhood education, including the study of young children as members of society who are responding to educational influences. Four hours a week of observation and participation at the Page Memorial School. Open to juniors and seniors who have taken 200 and a course in psychology. Mrs. Keller 206 (2). The Education of the Young Child (3 hrs.) Further studies in early childhood education. Advanced participation at the Page School. Prerequisite, 205. Mrs. Keller 207 (1) (2). Chtld Psychology (3 hrs.) For description and prerequisite, see Psychology 207. • Appointed for the second semester only. Education 53 215 (1). Perception and Thinking (3 hrs.) For description and prerequisite, see Psychology 215. 300 (1). Secondary Education (3 hrs.) The aims, organization, and administration of secondary schools considered in relation to their social, political, and economic environments. Criteria for evaluating curricula and classroom problems included. Observation in schools required. Prerequisite 200 and a course in psychology. Mrs. Ulich 302 (2). Principles of Teaching (3 hrs.) Study of teaching objectives, curriculum planning, classroom procedures. Review of learning theories. Class divided into groups for six weeks of inten- sive work in the methods and materials of a specific subject matter; for example, English, foreign language, social science, science. Open by permission to seniors who have taken 300. The Staff 307 (2). Psychology of the Development of Personality (3 hrs.) For description and prerequisite, see Psychology 307. 310 (2). Seminar (3 hrs.) An intensive and critical examination of the educational theories of several selected writers. Special attention given to the relevance of their ideas to the problems of American education. Open to seniors by permission. (Not given in 1962-63.) Mrs. Ulich 319 (1). Psychology of Learning (3 hrs.) For description and prerequisite, see Psychology 319. Directions for Election Students who intend to teach should (in their sophomore year if possible) consult the department concerning the various city and state requirements for the certificate to teach and the appropriate undergraduate preparation for fifth year and paid intern programs which combine professional study with further study in teaching fields and lead to Masters degrees honored by all states. (See also General Information, page 31.) Although the College does not offer a major in education, students may take up to eighteen hours, which is the required number in many states. They may elect also the courses listed above in philosophy and psychology which are important in the preparation of teachers. There are ample opportunities for observation in neighboring school systems. ANNE L. PAGE MEMORIAL SCHOOL Director: Louise Catherine Heuser Keller, ed.m. Teachers: Janet Anderson Moran, b.a.; Julia Merrill Bauer, b.a.; Natalie B. Barlow, b.a.; Mary Louise Meyer, b.a.; Judith Ann Bomtnger Lutkus, b.s. em e.d. Assistant Teachers: Dorothy Staples Egbert, b.a.; Suzanne Studley Secretary: Isabelle Conmee Pounder The Anne L. Page Memorial School for children from three to five years of age is the college laboratory school and as such it is an integral part of the educational program of the College. It is a center for child study, observation, and participation for students from all departments of the College, and it is especially helpful to students working in the departments of Education and of Psychology. 54 Courses of Instruction ENGLISH Professors: Walter Edwards Houghton, ph.d.; Charles William Kerby-Miller, 1 ph.d.; Mary Ruth Michael, ph.d.; Virginia Fleming Prettyman, ph.d.; Helen Storm Corsa, ph.d.; {Catherine Lever, 1 ph.d. Visiting Professor: Andrews Wanning, 5 ph.d. Associate Professors: Patrick Francis Qutnn, ph.d. (Chairman); Beverly Joseph Layman, ph.d., Davtd Russell Ferry, 1 ph.d.; Robert Erwin Garis, ph.d. Assistant Professors: Naomi June Diamond, ph.d.; Martha Alden Craig, ph.d.; John Henry Hagan, Jr., ph.d.; Patricia Meyer Spacks, 1 ph.d.; Joan Edna Hartman, PH.D. Instructors: Edward Michael White, ph.d.; Joan Joffe Hall, ph.d.; Maureen Halsall, m.a.; Piers Ingersoll Lewis, m.a.; Arthur Ralph Gold, m.a.; Cynthia Rich Glauber, m.a. Lecturers: Sylvia Leah Berkman, 6 ph.d.; May Sarton 4 ; Margaret Breed Marsh, ph.d. Secretary: Ann Heath Cram 100. Style and Organization (6 hrs.) The critical examination of one's own language. Training in style: accuracy, expressiveness, logical clarity, and the organization of complex meanings. Tech- niques of argumentation and research. Frequent individual conferences. Re- quired of freshmen. The Staff 106. Literature in Three Ages: Renaissance, Neo-Classic, and Romantic (6 hrs.) An introduction to critical analysis through the reading of major works from Marlowe to Wordsworth in their historical contexts. Open to all undergraduates. The Staff 107.° Interpretations of Man in Western Literature (6 hrs.) For description and prerequisite, see Interdepartmental 107. Courses 200-203 inclusive are planned as workshops in writing, with in- formal group meetings and frequent individual conferences. While the emphasis is on constant practice in writing, each course requires a critical reading of pertinent examples of the type of writing being studied. Courses 301-305 in- clusive continue the same plan at an advanced level. 200 (1) (2). Short Narrative (3 hrs.) Sketches and the short story. For interested students, experience in the writing of one-act plays. Prerequisite, 100. Not open to students who have taken three semesters of grade II work in writing or who are taking another writing course. Miss Berkman, Mr. White, Mrs. Glauber 1 Absent on leave. * Appointed for the first semester only. ' Appointed for the second semester only. e Counts as related work but not as part of a major in English. Acceptable as a prerequisite for grade II literature courses. English 55 201 (1) (2). The Critical Essay (3 his.) Training in the organization and presentation of literary analyses and judg- ments. Reading of some of the best contemporary criticism. Prerequisite or corequisite, 106. Mr. Garis, Miss Craig, Miss Hartman 202 (1). Poetry (3 hrs.) The writing of short lyrics and study of the art and craft of poetry. Open to juniors and seniors, and by permission to sophomores. Miss Sarton 203 (2). Expository and Journalistic Writing (3 hrs.) The writing of reviews, reports, news stories, and magazine articles. Pre- requisite, same as for 200. Mr. Hagan 210 (1) (2). Modern Poetry (3 hrs.) English and American poetry and poets, recent and contemporary. Open to sophomores who have taken 106 or Interdepartmental 107, and to juniors and seniors without prerequisite. Mr. Wanning, Miss Craig 211 (2). Renaissance Drama (3 hrs.) A critical and historical study of poetic drama in the period of its greatest flowering. Emphasis on the comedies of Jonson and the tragedies of Marlowe, Webster, Tourneur, Chapman, and Middleton. Prerequisite, same as for 210. Mr. Layman 212 (1) (2). Modern Drama (3 hrs.) The study of English, American, and European drama from Ibsen to the present day. Prerequisite, same as for 210. Mr. Garis 215 (2). Introduction to Shakespeare (3 hrs.) The study of a number of representative plays, with emphasis on their dra- matic and poetic aspects. Open to juniors and seniors only. Primarily for non- majors. Miss Prettyman, Miss Craig 217 (1). Milton (3 hrs.) A critical study of Milton as a master of lyric, epic, and dramatic poetry, and as a writer of notable prose. Prerequisite, same as for 210. Miss Prettyman 220 (1) (2). Chaucer (3 hrs.) A study of Chaucer's poetry, tracing the development of his art, with some attention to the relation of his work to the social and literary background of his time. Prerequisite, same as for 210. Miss Diamond, Miss Craig 223 (1). American Literature (3 hrs.) The beginnings of American literature and the social conditions out of which it grew, followed by a consideration of American writers through Melville. Emphasis upon major figures. Prerequisite, same as for 210. Miss Michael, Mr. Quinn 56 Courses of Instruction 224 (2). American Literature (3 hrs.) American writers from Whitman to the present time. Emphasis upon major figures. Prerequisite, 223. Miss Michael, Mr. Quinn 225. The Development of the English Novel (6 hrs.) The growth of the English novel from its beginning in the 18th century. Concentration on the major novelists from Defoe through Conrad, with atten- tion to the philosophical, cultural, and historical milieux. Prerequisite, same as for 210. Not open to those who have taken 226. Miss Corsa 226 (1) (2). Studies in Fiction (3 hrs.) A study of the art of fiction in the writings of major European, English, and American novelists of the 19th and 20th centuries. Prerequisite, same as for 210. Not open to those who have taken 225. The Staff 228 (1). Eighteenth Century Poetry (3 hrs.) Pope and Gay to Cowper and Burns. The variety of poetic expression and of critical theory involved in the change from Neo-classicism to Romanticism. Prerequisite, same as for 210. (Not offered in 1962-63.) 229 (1). Comedy and Satire: 1660-1740 (3 hrs.) The Age of Reason as seen in the comedy of manners and in the works of the major satirists, Swift, Pope, and Fielding. Prerequisite, same as for 210. (Not offered in 1962-63.) 230 (1). Early Romantic Poets (3 hrs.) Intensive study of poems and critical writings of Blake, Wordsworth, and Coleridge. Prerequisite, same as for 210. Mr. Houghton 231 (2). Later Romantic Poets (3 hrs.) The poetry and criticism of B