CATALOGUE

OF

WELWITSCH'S

AFRICAN PLANTS,

Part III.

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NORTH CAROLINA STATE "^'^"Vr{,[|?{Mf,P

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This book is due on the date indicated below
and is subject to a fine of FIVE CENTS a
day thereafter.

CATALOGUE

OF THE

AFKICAN PLANTS

COLLECTED BY

DE. FPJEDRICH AVELWITSCH

IN 1853-Gl.

DICOTYLEDONS, PART III.

DTPS A CE.E TO SCROPHULA RIA CE/E.

BY

WILLIAM PHILIP HIERN, M.A., F.L.S.,

CORRESP. MEM. R. ACAD. LISE.

LONDON:
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.

SOLD BY

LONGMAXS & CO., 39 PATEEXOSTER ROAV ;

B. QUARITCII, ir. PICCADILLY ; DULAU & CO., .^7 SOHO SQUARE, W. ;

KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRtJBNER, <fc CO., CHARING CROSS ROAD;

AND AT THE

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), CROMWELL ROAD, S.W.
1898.

S^All 'r\{fhU reserved.']

PriBtcd by Hazell, Watson, <fe Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury.

Canthium] LXix. rubiace^. 511

The following species should have appeared, cmte, p. 480, after
Canthium plati/phylhmi : —

16. Canthium lactescens lliern, sp. nov.

A very densely branched tree, 15 to 25 ft. high ; trunk 1 to
li ft. in diameter, bifurcately branched a little above the base ;
branchlets rather thick, dusky-ashy, nodose, glabrous, patent ;
leaves opposite, broadly ovate or irregularly rotund, more or less
pointed or minutely apiculate or rounded at the apex, rounded or
obtuse to or near the base, membranous, somewhat glaucescent,
glabrous above, rather paler and glabi"ous except the tufts of
hairs in the axils of the (about 8) pairs of lateral veins beneath,
1|- to 2i in. long by 1 to 1§ in. bi-oad ; petiole j to |^ in. long,
glabrous or very nearly so ; stipules interpetiolar, broadly deltoid,
minutely apiculate, copiously lactescent, deciduous ; flowers
pentamerous, pale yellowish, in colour and also almost in scent
like elder, numerous, about i in. long and across, on shorter
pedicels, arranged in much branched puberulous axillary and
sub-terminal pedunculate panicles of 1 to 1|- in. in diameter ;
peduncles |- to -^ in. long, puberulous ; calyx-limb very small, with
very short teeth ; the tube very easily separable from the ovary,
glabrous or very nearly so ; corolla superior, glabrous or very
nearly so outside ; the tube short, somewhat funnel-shaped, shaggy
inside and at the throat ; the lobes ov^ate, pointed at the apex,
valvate in the bud, longer than the tube, spreading or recurved
in flower; anthers inserted about the sinuses between the corolla -
lobes on very short filaments, exserted, glabrous, ovate-oblong,
obtuse ; style glabrous, solitary ; stigma subglobose, slight y
calyptriform and compressed, shortly exserted beyond the open
corolla but falling rather short of the anther-tips, glabrous,
10-ribbed, 5 of the ribs opposite to the anthers and the other 5
opposite to the corolla-lobes ; all these organs pale yellowish ;
ovary 2 -celled, cells uniovulate, ovules pendulous.

HuiLLA. — In forests near Lopollo, towards the east, in company
with Nocha {Parinari Mohola ; Welw. herb. no. 1282) and Gigalobhim
ahjssmicmn (Welw. herb. no. 1782) ; fl. end of Dec. 1859. No. 3157.

This is nearly related to C. crassum and C. umhvosum.

LXX. DIPSACE^.

This family is represented by only two species, occurring oa
the table-lands of Huilla, which in the Linnean sense belong to
the genus Scahiosa ; one of them in October soon after the first
spring rains clothes the meadows and pastures of Humpata and
Mumpulla with its whitish violet-tinted flower-heads; the form
of it found above Mumpulla had violet-coloured flowei-s passing
into bluish, which when dried became quite white and sub-
seqviently yellowish -white. The other species has white flowers
appearing very abundantly in the humid forest-meadows of

33

512 Lxx. DiPSACE/E. [Cejjhctlaria

Lopollo in January and February, and in combination with

Clematis villosa produces the effect of pastures covered with snow.

1. CEPHALARIA Schrad. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 159.

1. C. centauroides Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. iii. p. 49 (1818) ;
Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 251.

HuiLLA. — A perennial herb, .3 to 5 ft. high ; stem ascending or erect,
fistular, hexagonal ; leaves opposite, remarkably polymorphous, the
lowest ones undivided, the middle ones pinnatifid, the highest ones
linear with 1 or 2 teeth at the base on each side or lanceolate and not
toothed ; the white-flowered heads terminal, globose-hemispherical,
not depressed, on very long peduncles ; leaves of the involucre
numerous, rounded-obtuse at the apex, rather rugose on the back,
densely ciliolate on the margin ; palese of the receptacle elongate-
obovate, concave, abruptly acuminate at the apex, half-embracing the
involucel which is tetragonal densely hirsute furrowed on the inner
face and crowned with 4 large more or less purpurascent teeth ; calyx-
(which perhaps might be regarded as a metamorphosis of the disk)
-tube adnate to the ovary, constricted below the circular patelliform
limb, crenulate on the margin with several erect more or less pur-
purascent teeth, densely shaggy inside ; corolla white, tubular, the
limb 4-cleft with obovate-spathulate Subequal spreading segments
shaggy outside with white hairs, the tube white-hairy on both sides ;
stamens 4, 1 to 3 of them sterile, white, far exserted ; ovary inferior
(or superior, if the involucel is considered to be a calyx and the calyx
a modified disk), 1-celled, 1-ovuled ; style filiform, white ; stigmas
various in the same head, sometimes linguiform, in other cases bifid
with the lobes either equal or one much shorter than the other. In
marshy places among tall grasses along the banks of streams at an
elevation of 5000 ft., near Lopollo, abundant ; fl. 26 March and April
1860. No. 522.

2. SCABIOSA Tourn., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 159.
1. S. Columbaria L. Sp. PI, edit. i. p. 99 (1753); Hiern in Oliv.

Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 252.

HuiLLA. — Flowers in the living state violet-skyblue, soon turning
pale and whitish-yellow. In wooded meadows with short herbage
between Mumpulla and Nene ; fl. Oct. 1850. Seen nowhere else
except about Lopollo. One of the innumerable forms of this species.
No. 520. In wooded meadows about Lopollo, near Catumba and by
the lake of Ivantala ; fl. Dec. 1859 ; fr. Feb. 1860. No. 521.

LXXI. COMPOSITE.

Welwitsch considered that in his herbarium from Angola
proper, the proportion of Compositae to the phanerogamic vegeta-
tion, as expressed in the number of species, was about a sixteenth
part ; whereas Robert Brown in the appendix to Tuckey's
Exjjedition stated, p. 445, that in the herbarium from the Congo
Compositse formed only one twenty-third part. In Welwitsch's
herbarium from Benguella and Huilla, the proportion was
estimated at one-ninth, or perhaps one-tenth, thus approaching
nearer to that prevaiUng in the flora of the Cape of Good Hope,

Et/mlia] lxxi. composit.k. 513

where of all parts of the world the Compositie probably form the
greatest proportion.

Several of the species formerly considered to be endemic at
the Cape extend to Benguella ; and not a few of the plants of the
Gariep district are properly speaking tropical African, such as
Placus gariepinus ; these were at first i-eckoned as peculiar to the
Cape flora, because they were originally described from specimens
obtained there, although in truth they wei-e but little more than
stragglers.

Many of this family, whether they are in the adult form herbs
shrubs or trees, present a very different habit during their eai'ly
stages, even though they at such early age perfect their flowers
and fruits ; examples of this difference occur in the genus Placus ;
and corresponding differences are noticeable in Grancjea^ S-phcer-
anthus and Cotula.

Some species occur with vertical phyllodes, just as in the
leguminous genus Cracca ; they may, perhaps, on this account
be regai-ded as a surviving remnant in this continent of a portion
of the Australian flora.

The permanence in Angola of certain introduced Composites is
very remarkable.

In the primaeval forests of the mountainous region several
arborescent species occur ; various small trees and shrubs, called
molillu by the natives, furnish tonic-bitter barks and are
frequently employed in cases of fever and diarrhcea. In the
littoral region the Compositse are comparatively few, but in the
mountainous region they abound, and they gradual 1}^ increase
in the highland region both in number of species and in
elegance of form. At Loanda Lactttca gorceensis affords an ex-
cellent salad. The Cravo de defunto, a species of Tagetes, is
generally cultivated ; the sunflower was noticed in cultivation
only in the district of Pungo Andongo ; the endive and some
varieties of lettuce are occasionally cultivated in Angola.

Tribe I. Vernoniace.e.

1. ETHULIA L. f. Decas i. p. 1. t. 1 (1762) ; Benth. & Hook,
f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 224.

Firarda Adans. Fam. PI. ii. p. 499 (1763).

1. E. conyzoides L. f.. I.e. ; 0. & H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii.
p. 262.

Pirarda conyzodes O. Kuntze, Pi,ev. Gen. PI. i. p. 355 (1891).

Loanda. — A slender shrub, 3 ft. high, with flaccid-tender leaves and
purple flowers. In fields formerly planted with manihot, between
Mangue Schut and Quicuxe ; fl. June 1858. No. 3326.

Barka do Bknoo. — An annual or biennial herb ; stem straight, of
a pretty rosy-purple or blood-red colour, corymbosely branched
towards the apex ; leaves serrate-dentate, pellucid-punctate ; flowers
rosy ; achenes epappose. By swamps along the banks of the river
Bengo (or Zenza) ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1853. Also at the banks of the
river Bengo near Santo Antonio ; fr. Jan. 1854. No. 3383.

514 Lxxi. COMPOSITE. [Ethulia

AMBAf'A. —In damp places on the left bank of the river Caringa ;
fl. and fr. June 1855. No. 3384. An erect, branched herb, 2 to 4 ft.
high, with purple or violet-rosy flowers. In bushy places by swamps
near Izanga and at the banks of the river Lucala, sparingly ; fl. Oct.
1856. No. 3385.

PuNGO And()N(;o. — A herb, 2 to 2i ft. high, with a ruddy stem and
pretty violet-coloured flowers. By streams in Sobato Cabangas ; fl. and
fr. 11 Jan. 1857. No. 3386.

HuiLLA. — Capitula corymbose, homogamous ; corolla violet-purple,
tubular, 5-cleft to the middle, sub-campanulate at the throat, with
oblong-lanceolate obtuse lobes ; style relatively large, with lanceolate
rather compressed pointed densely puberulous branches. At the
herbaceous margins of streams between LopoUo and Monino ; fl.
and fr. Jan. 1860. No. 3381. Flowers purple. In marshy places
between the lake of IvantS,la and Quilengues, along the banks of the
river Cacolobar ; fl. and fr. end of Feb. 1860. No. 3382. Two feet
high ; leaves simple ; capitula corymbose, purplish. Same place and
date. CoL].. Carp. 681>.

2. E. monocephala Hiern, sp. n.

A nearly glabrous perennial herb ; stem slender, rooting and
often branched at the base, ascending or erect and simple above
the base, leafy except towards the apex and base ; leaves
alternate, linear, obtuse, sessile, mostly erect or ascending, entire,
^ to 1^ in. long, apparently somewhat succulent in the living
state and wrinkled in the dry ; capitula campanulate, i to |^ in.
in diameter (exclusively of the corollas), many-flowered, solitary,
terminating the stems, on a naked peduncle of 1^ to 3f in.
long ; involucral bracts pauciseriate, lanceolate or oblong, sub-
obtuse, adpressed, imbricate, unequal, slightly pubervilous on the
back or the upper ones ciliolate, the inner ones the longest,
somewhat purple-coloured about the tip ; corollas about |- to i in.
long, all tubular, regular, narrowly obovoid-oblong, somewhat
compressed, shortly 5-lobed, purple ; anther-base obtuse ; style-
branches exserted,ipuberulous, rather long, tapering, acute ; achene
(young) oblong, truncate at the apex, slightly narrower towards
the truncate base, compressed or somewhat angular, glabrous, Jg- in.
long, with a few indistinct ribs ; pappus 0.

Huii.i.A. — At the Lopollo river ; fl. and young fr. Feb. 1860.
No. 3902.

2. GUTENBERGIA Schultz Bip. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI.
ii. p. 224.

1. G. polycephala O. & H. ex Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv.
p. 95 (1876), and in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 264.

PuN'GO AxDONGo. — Flowers purple. In sandy thickets near Sansa-
manda, Feb. 1857 ; also in thickets between Condo and Quisonde on
rather dry sandy clay, March 1857 ; fl. and fr. No. 3995. An erect
branched herb, 1^ ft. high, often becoming woody at the base and thus
biennial : flower-heads small, purple. In sandy wooded places on the
left bank of the river Lutete, abundant ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1857. No. 3996.
An erect annual herb, 2 to 3^ ft. high, with violet-purple flowers. In
moist sandy thickets on the left bnnk of the Luxillo stream, abundant
there but most specimens not yet in fl. ; April 1857. No. 3997.

Gutenberg ui] lxxi. composiim;. 515

HuiLLA. — Corollas purple ; achenes obovoid, glabrous (or some-
what setulose), without pappus. In elevated sandy pastures between
Empalanca and Nene ; fl. and fr. April and May (rainy season) 18GU.
Seen nowhere else in the district. No. 3998.

Our specimens vary much in the shape of the leaves, those of No.
3997 being oval, ranging up to 2 in. long by 1 in. broad, the upper ones
alternate, the rest opposite and often with short young leafy shoots
quasi-fasciculate in their axils ; the achene.s are 3- or 4-gonous rounded
on the back and with several very delicate or obsolete ribs : they should
be compared with G. leiocarpa O. Hoffm. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr., C,
p. 402 (1895), and are referred as above with some doubt.

3. BOTHRIOCLINE Oliv. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 226.

1. B. Schimperi 0. & H. ex Benth. in Hook. Ic. PI. xii. p. 31,
t. 1133 (1873) & in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 2G6.

B. longipes N. E. Br. in Kew Bull. 1894, p. 389.

Var. angolensis.

A bushy herb, with a straight leafy little trunk of 5 to 6 ft.
high, dividing into erect-spreading branches ; branchlets pallid,
striate-sulcate, puberulous ; leaves, at least the upper ones, mostly
alternate, rarely opposite, elliptical, acuminate or cuspidate at the
apex, wedge-shaped at the base, sparingly scattered with adpressed
hairs, pale-green, paler beneath, membranous, minutel}' glandular-
punctate, very sweetly balm-scented, sharply toothed, '2\ to 4^ in.
long by ^ to If in. broad; petiole -| to '-^ in. long, pilose, often
sub-alate by the sub-decurrent blade, widened ribbed and more or
less clasping at the base ; capitula campanulate or hemispherical,
i to ^ in. long, on slender puberulous pedicels of i to | in. long,
arranged in broad corymbose sparingly bracteolate cymes termi-
nating the branches ; bracteoles narrow, more or less hairy ;
involuci-al scales from ovate to lanceolate- or linear-oblong,
puberulous or glabrate, unequal, pointed or acute at the apex,
mostly about 3-ribbed down the greenish back, with scarious or
coloured margin minutely denticulate towards the apex ; corolla
lilac-purple, with the tube glandular-hairy especially at the
narrowed base, and with 5 narrow acute lobes; style-branches
rather shorter than the corolla-lobes ; achenes glabrous, mostly
curved downwards, with about 5 deep furrows and a very few
caducous bristles ; receptacle areolate.

Pt'ngo Andoxoo. — In the thickets of the prjesidium near Cabondo,
sparingly ; fl. and fr. end of April 1857. No. 1003.

Var. huillensis.

An annual herb, ^ to 2 ft. high ; stem erect, simple or branched,
pallid, sulcate-striate, pubescent or scabrid at least above ; branches
opposite or alternate, erect-patent ; leaves elliptical, pointed or
somewhat acuminate at the apex, more or less attenuate into
the petioles at the base, membranous, minutely pellucid-punctate,
sparingly scattered with hispidulous hairs, closely toothed, 1 to 4 in.
long by ^ to 11 in. broad, pale green above, paler beneath, the
lower ones opposite, the upper alternate ; petioles j-V to ^ in. long,
pubescent, more or less clasping at the base ; capitula homogamous,

516 Lxxi. COMPOSITE. [Bothr iodine

campanulate or broadly so, 1 to § in. long, on unequal densely
pubescent pedicels ranging up to nearly an inch in length,
arranged in comparatively small corymbose cymes ranging up to
2 in. in diameter terminating the stem and branches ; involucral
scales unequal from ovate and obovate to linear-lanceolate, pointed
apiculate or acute, minutely whitish, ciliolate, rigid, bright green
with narrow scarious margins ; corolla 5-cleft, lilac, beset with
minute orange-coloured glands, the tube narrowed towards the
base, the lobes filiform ; style-branches shorter than the corolla-
lobes ; achene quite glabrous, curved downwards, obtusely 5- or
4-angular or more or less compressed, deeply furrowed between
the ribs, truncate at the apex, without j^appus-setse when ripe,
but when young furnished with few (2 or 3) very tender web-like
hyaline very brittle setse longer than itself ; furrows of the achene
marked with very minute and very densely crowded brick-red
granules I'ecalling the fine lines of Graphide^e.

HuiLLA. — In half-shady grassy wooded places between Ferrao da
Sola and Jj'iu, abundant ; fl. and fr. end of April, and in May 1860.
No. 4003.

2. B. misera 0. Hoftm. in Bol. Soc. Brot. xiii. p. 11 (Sept. 1896).

Vernonia misera O. & H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 278.

LoANDA. — An erect branched annual herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, with
purplish flowers. In sandy places, especially in fields planted with
Manihot iitilhshiui. Pohl, to the south of the city of Loanda and near
Cabo Lombe, abundant ; fl. June. No. 3306. In sandy fields at
Museque do Luiz Gomes ; fl. and fr. May 1854. No. 3307. An annual
herb with a serratuloid habit, sub-corymbose capitula, and red flowers.
In plantations of Maiiihot utUissima Pohl, abundant in the district ;
achenes, May 1854. Coll. Carp. 678.

Barra do Bengo. — A gray erect annual herb, with purple flowers.
In fields sown with Maniliof utilixsima Pohl, near Cacuaco ; fl. and fr.
Sept. 1854 c^- 1857. No. 3308, and Coll. Carp. 679.

4. VERNONIA Schreb. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 227.

1. V. jugalis O. & H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 270.

GoLVNCo Alto. — A perennial herb ; rhizome woody, forming
numerous heads ; flowers purple. On the drier hills in Sobato
Mussengue : fl. and young fr. Mav 1855. No. 3323. Flowers blue.
In fields at Yazea Canaula ; fi. and fr. June 1856. No. 3324.

Cazen(;(). — An erect or obliquely ascending branched herb, 3 ft. high,
with red flowers. In thickets at the base of the mountains of Serra de
Muxaula ; fl. and fr. June 1855. No. 3321.

Var. Lekindtii. — V. Deklndtii 0. Hoffm. in Bol. Soc. Brot. xiii.
p. 18 (189G).

Leaves elhptical, denticulate or sub-entire, ranging up to 6 in.
long by 2 J in. broad ; petiole to nearly 1 in. ; receptacle alveolate
in fruit or only areolar.

GoLLNGO Alto. — A herb of 3 to 4 ft. ; flowers soon after expansion
beautifully blue, at length turning violet-red. In wooded places
previously subjected to cultivation, at the base of the mountains of
the central Queta, fl. and young fr. June 1856. No. 3322. Ban^a de
Bumba : fl. and fr. June 1856. No. 3325.

Vernonia] lxxi. composit,€. 517

2. V. Kreismanni Wehv. ms., sp. n.

A small tree, 5 to 8 ft. or more high, with a straight trunk
1 to 2i in. in diameter, or a shrub of 5 to 6 ft. ; branchlets sub-
terete, more or less densely clothed with a short pallid felt, leafy ;
leaves alternate, entire or minutely and remotely denticulate,
ovate or oval, shortly apiculate at the obtuse or sub-acuminate
apex, unequal and obtuse or sub-cuneate at the base, thinly cori-
aceous, very bright-green, thinly scattered with minute glands
and glabrate or thinly hairy above, clothed with a snow-white
felt beneath, 2 to 5 in. long by 1 to 2 in. broad ; lateral veins
6 to 8 on each side of the midrib, very slender on the upper face ;
capitula homogamous, about 15-flowered, with an ovoid pluri-
seriate involucre about j in. long surmounted by a thick bundle of
persistent pappus exceediog the involucre by about ^ in., the whole
head being somewhat constricted across the middle and presenting
the shape of a thick shaving-brush, arranged on pedicels of i to
f in. in terminal branched corymbs 2 to 6 in. in diameter ; in-
volucral scales varying from rotundate to oblanceolate, ranging
vip to i in. long, dry, 1-nerved, concave, hard glabrous and gi'eenish
except the subscarious ciliolate whitish margins, darker about the
tip ; corolla purple or of a whitish-violet colour, tubular, narrowly
funnel-shaped, deeply 5-cleft, segments from a broad base gradually
acuminate, spreading, glabrous or scattered externally with some
minute glands ; anthers with rather long tails at their base ;
achenes compressed-quadrangular, branny-glandular between the
angles, otherwise glabrous, f to i in. long ; pappus biseriate, pale
straw-coloured, setose, i in. long, the outer row of seta? short
squamiform and fimbriate-denticulate at the apex, the inner row
elongated, rather rigid, thick, sub-compressed, shortly and densely
pilose, slightly tawny towards the apex ; style-branches subulate.

HuiLLA. — In clearances of the forests of Catumba, where in March
1863 the Munanos pitched their camp, sporadic and not frequent ; fl.-
bud, end of Oct. ; fl. and young fr. Dec. 1850. No. 3260. In the rocky
forests of Morro de Lopollo, after the shedding of the fr., Jan. 1860.
A bush form, apparently of this species. No. 3261.

The foliage of this plant somewhat suggests that of TarcJionanthus
campltoratus L. It belongs to the section Lepidella, or possibly it
might be placed in Hoffmann's section Lampropappus, to which it
approaches.

3. V. Burtoni O. k H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 281.

A rough herb, 2^ to 4 ft. high, with the habit of a Placus,
presenting in fruit a shabby appearance, strictly erect, somewhat
shrubby at the base, branched in the upper part ; stem and
elongated branches striate, scabrid, terete, purplish below, some-
what tawny above, hisjjidulous ; leaves alternate, broadly ellip-
soidal, shortly narrowed to an apiculate apex ; narrowed in an
acuminate manner to a sessile or subsessile base, membranous,
yellowish-green and more or less scabrid above, somewhat tawny
or paler or subglaucescent and more or less rough with hispidu-
lous hairs beneath, 2 to 6 in. long by '^ to 2f in. broad; midi'ib

518 LXXi. COMPOSITE. [Vernonia

and lateral veins slender ; margin denticulate with short subulate
teeth directed forward in continuation of a veinlet ; capitula
campanulate, -I to i in. in diaroeter, about 40-flowered, on unequal,
short or very short densely hispidulous often bracteate pedicels,
arranged in compound thyrsoid terminal oblong obtuse cymes
4 to 6 in. in diameter ; bracts sub-linear, hairy ; involucral scales
pluriseriate, sublinear or lanceolate, pointed, beset with whitish
curly hairs outside, glabrous inside, more or less apiculate,
becoming more or less squarrose at the tips in fruit ; the outer
scales short and sublinear, the inner longer and linear- lanceolate,
the innermost longest and lanceolate or sublinear, persistent,
^ in. long ; corolla purple or rose-purple, i in. long, narrowly
funnel-shaped, scattered with minute glands outside, shortly
5-Iobed, the lobes lanceolate ; anthers with lanceolate tails at
their base, the apical appendages lanceolate; style-branches
slightly puberulous, tapering ; achene -^^ in. long, unequally
tetragonous, 4- or .5-ribbed, glabrous on the ribs, glandular and
hispidulous between the ribs ; pappus biseriate, whitish or some-
what sordid, outer row short, narrowly paleaceous, cut on the
margin ; inner row setaceous, i in. long, the setae barbellate,
narrower than those of the outer row; receptacle nearly flat,
narrow, areolate.

GoLUXCiO Alto. — In Serras de Bumba and at the outskirts of the
forests of Sobato de Mussengue ; fl. and fr. Aug. 1855. Also by
wooded thickets in Sobato de Mussengue, rather rare ; the leaves
destroyed by insects ; fr. June 1856. No. 3296.

Ambaca. — By thickets along the left bank of the river Caringa,
abundant but only one specimen seen in fl. June 1855. No. 3298-

PuNGO Andongo. — In thickets on the island of Calembe in the river
Cuanza, sporadic ; fl. March 1857. Only one specimen. No. 3297.

As the account of this species in the Flora of Tropical Africa
was taken from the comparatively poor specimen collected by
Consul Burton in the Congo district, and as Welwitsch's specimens
greatly extend our knowledge, a detailed description Ls here
supplied.

4. V. pandurata Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. ii. p. 296 (1822) ;
O. & H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 271.

AiiBPaz.— An annual herb, 6 to 15 in. high, growing in dens^ masses,
corymbosely branched above ; involucral scales and corollas bright
purple. Abundant on sandy plains between Mossul and the town of
Ambriz, gathered in flight under pursuit by the stone-throwing
Musuls ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. No. 3316.

LoAXDA, Barra do Dande, and Barra do Bengo. — An erect
branched herb, 1| to 2, or even 3 to 4 ft. high, with pretty purple
flowers. In moist fields between Quicuxe and Teva ; fl. and fr. July
and Aug. 1858. No. 3317- Flowers light-blue or reddish-brown. In
damp bushy places at the river Bengo near Quifandongo ; fl. and fr.
Dec. 1853. No. 3318.

GoEUNGO Alto. — Among scanty bushes on the left bank of the
river Quiapoze by the road leading to Mussengue, rather rare ; late
fl. and fr. beginning of Oct. 1855. No. 3319. An erect herb, 2 to

Vemonia] lxxi. composit^e. 519

3 ft. high, flowers of a reddish-violet colour. In wooded situations
near Menha-Lula ; fl. and fr. June 185G. No. 3320.

5. V. Welwitschii O. Hoffm. in Bol. See. Bret. x. p. 170 (1893).
MotfSAMKDES. — Flowers bright-purple. In sandy thickets at the

banks of the river Maiombo ; tl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 3363.

6. V. rhodophylla 0. Hoffm., I.e., xiii. p. 19.

HuiLLA. — Flowers purple. In rather elevated bushy mountainous
places in Serra(Morro)de LopoUo, formerly pastures ; fl. and fr. April
and May 1860. No. 3340.

7. V. daphnifoUa 0. Hoffm., I.e., p. 18.

HuiLLA. — A cEsspitose herb ; rootstock thick, woody, many-headed,
perennial ; flowers violet-purplish. In fairly dry sandy-clayey
thickets near Lopollo, rather rare ; fl. and fr. beginning Dec. 1859.
No. 3344.

8. V. lappoides O. Hoffm., I.e., p. 19.

PuNGO Andoxcio. — A perennial erect herb, with membranous leaves
and purple corollas. In rocky thickets within the prtesidium, not
abundant ; fl. and fr. middle of Feb. 1857. No. 3294.

9. V. Perrottettii Schultz. Bip. ex Walp. Eepert. ii. p. 947
(1843) ; 0. & H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 272 {Perrottetii).

Webhia serratidoides DO. Prodr. v. p. 72 (1836).

PuNGO AxDOXGO. — An annual, strictly erect herb, with pallid-
purple flowers. Between Lombe and Candumba, in places with
scanty herbage, rather rare, but growing in masses ; fl. end of March
1857. No. 3365.

10. V. ambigua Kotschy & Peyr. PI. Tinn. p. 35. t. 17 B (1867);
O. & H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 272.

PuNGO AxDOXGO. — An annual, erect, much branched herb, 4 to 5 in.
high, with purple or purplish corollas. In sandy thickets near
Sansamauda, not far from the banks of the river Cuanza, sparingly ;
fl. beginning of April 1857. Also in sandy bushy places near Mopopo,
very rare ; fl. and fr. 30 April 1857. No. 3304.

11. V. Petersii 0. & H. ex Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix.
p. 90 (1873) and in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 273.

HuiLLA. — Flowers purple. In sandy thickets near Lopollo ; fl. and
fr. March and April 1860. No. 3301. In neglected fields on a sandy
soil near Lopollo ; fl. and fr. end of May 1860. No. 3302. In
neglected fields near Erne ; fl. and fr. April 1860. No. 3303.

M(jssAMEDEs. — An annual erect herb, with violet-purple flowers.
In gravelly places at the banks of the river Bero, rather rare ; fl. and
fr. July 1859. No. 3305.

12. V. Poskeana Vatke & Hildebrandtin Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr.
XXV. p. 324 (1875); O. & H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 274.

Crystallopollen angustifolium Steetz in Peters, jNlossamb. Bot.
p. 366 (1863).

a. Vulgaris Steetz, I.e.

PuNGO Andongo. — An annual erect herb, growing in vast abundance
and in dense masses, colouring violet the moist meadows between

520 Lxxi, COMPOSIT.E. [Ver7ioma

Quisonde and Condo ; fl. and young fr. middle of March 1857. No.
3374. A slender annual herb, ■with violet-purple flowers, remarkably
gregarious and growing in dense masses in company with the variety
chlorolepis ; in moist wooded meadows by the river Cuanza, near
Sansamanda, colouring violet very wide tracts ; fl. and young fr.
1 May 1857. No. 3375 (partly).

/3. Chlorolepis (Steetz, I.e.) 0. Hoffm. in Bol. Soc. Brot. x.
p. 171 (1893).

V. Steetziana 0. & H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 273.

GoLDNGo Alto. — A grey herb, 2 ft. high, with a broom-like habit
and reddish flowers, the heads resembling those of a Centanrea ; in
dry places by thickets between Canaulo and Ambaca, abundant ; fl.
and young fr. May 1856. No. 3376.

PuNCio Andongo. — A gregarious, erect, annual herb, with deep-
purple flowers ; in very elevated, grassy, rocky parts of Pedra de Cazella
within the prajsidium, abundant ; fl. and fr. May 1857. Also in sunny
situations amongst the rocks of the presidium, fl. and fr. very rare,
middle of Jan. 1857. No. 3370. Flowers purple ; in wooded meadows
between the fortress of Pungo Andongo and Mangue ; fl. and fr.
March 1857. No. 3371- An annual erect herb, branched in a broom-
like manner ; leaves lanceolate, bright-green above, with whitish raised
nervation beneath ; flowers purole ; in elevated herbaceous parts of
Pedra Cabondo ; fl. and fi-. 17 April 1857. No. 3373- With the form
vulgaris by the river Cuanza. No. 3375 (partly).

MossAMEDES. — In blown sand ; fl. July 1859. A simple plant with
linear leaves, only one specimen, apparently this variety. No. 3368.

HuiLLA. — Flowers purple ; in exposed wooded places amongst
thickets near Catumba ; fl. and fr. April and May 1860. No. 3366.
A rather rigid undershrub, with a straight stem and purple flowers ;
in thin forests between Nene and MumpuUa, sparingly ; several
specimens seen, but only one in fl. ; in company with plants of Faurea,
end of May 1860. No. 3367.

y. HoflBnanni.

V. Perrottetii, forma microcephala, 0. Hoffm. in Bol. Soc. Brot.
X. p. 170 (1893) ; vix Schultz Bip.

Pungo Andongo. — At the sandy outskirts of forests between
Condo and Quisonde, not far from the river Cuanza ; not yet in full
fl. March 1857. No. 3372.

MossAMEDES. — An erect or ascending annual herb, 2 ft. high, with
alternate linear leaves and purple flowers. In sandy places at the
banks of the river Bero, not far from the estuary, rather rare ; fl. and
fr. end of July 1859. No. 3339.

HuiLLA.— Flowers purple ; in bushy places in coarse sandy places
between Ferrao da Sola and Jau ; fl. and fr. beginning of May 1860.
No. 3369.

13. V. cinerascens Schultz Bip. in Schweinf. Fl. ^thiop. p. 162
(1867) ; 0. & H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 275.

Loan DA. — A shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high ; branches divaricate, brittle ;
the whole plant very rigid, even the leaves which are rather fleshy
turning rigid ; flowers purple. On sandy and rocky hills near Alto
das Cruzes, rare in other places ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1854 and Jan. 1858.
No. 3379. A herb, 3 to 5 ft. high ; stems casspitose or crowded,
ascending or suberect ; branches and branchlets brittle, rigid, scaly-

Verno7iia] LXXi. composite'. 521

pubescent or sometimes even tomentose ; leaves fasciculate, glaucescent-
hoary, rather fleshy, rigid, obovate-spathulate, emarginate, subdentate;
capitula of a deep blue-purple colour, homogamous : corolla tubular-
campanulate, 5-cleft ; the pappus remarkably developed before the
opening of the flowers. Only near Alto das Cruzes above the city of
Loanda, in rough steep situations, not abundant ; fl. and fr. middle
of Dec. 1858. No. 3380.

14. V. cinerea Less, in Liunjea iv. p. 291 (1829) ; 0. & H. in
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 275.

Conyza cinerea L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 862 (1753).

Barra do Ben'CU). — An erect herb, with reddish flowers. At the
banks of the river Bengo near Quifandongo, abundant ; fl. and fr.
12 Sept. 1854. No. 3907.

Icoi.o E Bengo. — In wet places in palm-groves by the river Bengo
near Panda ; fl. and fr Dec. 1853. No. 3908.

GoLUXGO Alto.— No notes. Fl. and fr. No. 3906-

With this species must be compared Nos. 3309 to 3314, mentioned
under T'. unduJata O. e^ H., some of which agree fairly well with a
specimen in Herb. Kew. from Angola collected by Monteiro and con-
sidered in the Flora of Tropical Africa iii. p. 276 as a form of the
latter species or perhaps a new species ; they occupy an intermediate
position between the two species with respect to the degree of acute-
ness of the involucral scales, and there are almost corresponding forms
in tropical Asia.

15. V. undulata 0. & H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 270 ;
0. Hoffm. in Bol. See. Brot. x. p. 171 (1893).

GoLUNGO Alto. — In neglected fields and by roadsides between
Trombeta and Cabondo ; fr., most of the corolla having fallen, Sept.
1854. No. 3311. A perennial herb, 1 to 2 ft. high ; rootstock rather
woody, many-headed ; flowers very bright-purple. On sunny elevated
declivities in Sobato de Quilombo ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1855. No. 3312.
A perennial herb, 1^ to 2| ft. high ; root many-headed ; stem erect ;
corollas of a red-violet colour, soon deciduous. At the outskirts of
primitive forests and in palm-groves, between Calolo and Trombeta ;
fl. and fr. Sept. 1855. No. 3313. A perennial herb, 1 to U ft. high ;
root woody ; stems several, erect from the middle, leafy when young :
involucral scales lanceolate, acuminate-subulate, reddish, delicately
pubescent, uninerved ; corollas prettily purplish ; achenes obcuneate,
the younger ones subcompressed and more or less pilose ; pappus
biseriate, always white, the outer row spreading, one-third as long as
the hispidulous inner row. In fields after a crop of AnicJih hi/pflf/aid
L. by the road between Sange and Camilungo ; fl. and fr. July 1S55.
A form with the involucral scales a little more acute than in the type
(O. Hoffm., I.e.). No. 3314. A suffruticose herb, 3 to 5 ft. high ;
rhizome woody ; stem at the base as thick as a man's finger, soon
patently branched ; branches slender, elongated, scandent ; corollas
violet-purplish. In the more elevated forests of Sobato Quilombo ;
fl. and fr. middle of July 1856. A form with broadly ovate, remotely
toothed leaves, ranging up to 2 in. long by U in. broad. No. 3268.

AiMHACA. — Flowers purple. In moist places on the left bank of the
river Cariuga ; fl. June 1855. A form with more oval-oblong leaves.
No. 3309.

PuNGO Andongo. — A perennial herb ; rootstock thick, many-headed ;
stems cfespitose erect or ascending, 1 to 1| ft. high ; involucral scales

522 Lxxi, COMPOSITE. [Vernonia

acuminate-subulate, uninerved ; corollas beautifully purplish ; achenes
obcuneate, somewhat pilose ; pappus biseriate, always white. In
neglected fields formerly cultivated between Cazella and Luxillo, not
common ; fl. and fr. May 1857. No. 3310. An erect herb, 2 to 3 ft.
high, with intensely violet-purple flowers. In bushy places near
Luxillo; fl. and fr. April 1857. A form with the ripe achenes strongly
ribbed. No. 3315.

HuiLLA. — Flowers violet-coloured. At the outskirts of forests,
with tall herbage, between Lopollo and Jau, fl. and fr. end of March
1860. No. 3341. Corollas purple. In wooded places near Ivantala ;
one specimen, fl. beginning of March 18G0. No. 3342.

As to the connection between this species and V. cinerea Less., see
the note under that species. No. 3268 mentioned above may be
distinguished as a variety and called golungensis; besides the characters
included in the note accompanying the No., it has broadly ovate pauci-
dentate nearly glabrous leaves, and very obtuse subglabrous shining
involucral scales, the innermost ones with somewhat coloured tips, and
the habit is very lax ; possibly it is a distinct species.

16. V. Smithiana Less, in Linm^a vi. p. 638 (1831) ; O. & H.
in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 276.

Webhia ? Smithiana DC. Prodr. v. p. 72 (1836).

PuNGO Andongo. — A very elegant undershrub, silvery-shining,
with a long-fibred woody rootstock and purple flowers. In sandy
thickets between Cazella and the river Lutete ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1857.
No. 3337.

17. V. natalensis Schultz Bip. ex Walp. Pvep. Bot. Syst. ii.
(Suppl. i.) p. 947 (1843) ; 0. & H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 277.

Webbia aristata DO. Prodr. v. p. 73 (1836). V. aristata
Schultz Bip. in Flora 1844, p. 667 ; non Less. (1829).

HuiLLA. — Corolla purple. In hilly situations among short grass
near the lake Ivantala ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1860. A form with the
involucral bracts attenuately subulate-apiculate. No. 3338-

18. V. pinifolia Less, in Linnsea iv. p. 257 (1829) ; Harv. in
Harv. & Send. Fl. Cap. iii. p. 51 (1865).

Conyza pinifolia Lam. Encycl. Meth. ii. p. 86 (1786). Webhia
pinifolia DC. Prodr. v. p. 72 ; Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 5412 (1863).

Ambaca. — An undershrub, with numerous stems from a woody
rootstock, silvery-shining foliage, and deep violet-purple flowers. In
hilly stony places between the river Lucala and Zamba ; fl. and fr.
Oct. 1856. No. 3335.

HuiLLA. — In rather dry hilly places amongst low bushes in the
Lopollo country, in company with Thymelseacese ; fr. March 1860.
No. 3336. By the way to Ivantala ; fl.-bud Feb. 1860. Probably this
species. No. 3377-

19. V. teuerioides Welw. ex O. Hoffm. in Bol. Soc. Brot. x.
p. 171 (1893).

GoLUNGO Alto. — A perennial herb with a woody rootstock or a
little undershrub with habit of a Teucrium ; stems casspitose, branched,
bearing corymbs at their apex and on the branchlets, tomentose with
white felt ; leaves alternate, sessile, green above, white-tomentellous
beneath, with the reticulation impressed on the upper face and in

Vernonia] Lxxi. comi'Osit.e. 523

relief on the lower ; flowers very prettily rosy-purple ; capitula
homogamous, discoid, about r2-ttowered ; involuci'ai scales not
numerous, rather lax, imbricate, broadly lanceolate, rather pilose on
the back, the inner ones longer than the outer, gradually subulate at
the apex ; corolla tubular, a little widened towards the apex, deeply
5-lobed ; the segments linear-lanceolate, rather obtuse, erect-patent,
not reflexed ; anthers bi-caudate at the base, with the apical
appendage lanceolate-acuminate ; style-branches tardily exserted, sub-
cylindrical, acutely subulate at the apex, pubescent ; achene curved
downwards, truncate, hispidulous, somewhat angular-compressed ;
setfe of the pappus hispid, partly biseriate ; those of the inner row
becoming white, strict, almost as long as the corolla ; those of the
outer row few, a quarter the length of the inner ones, occasionally
almost reduced to none or only single. In sunny somewhat stony
pastures on the summits of the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta in
company with Ple/ntaxis (Welw. Herb. No. 3893) and Dknma anouKila
Sond. (Welw. Herb. No. 3613), abundant ; fl. and fr. Nov. and Dec.
1855. Also on elevated rather dry declivities amongst the mountains of
Alto Queta ; scarcely fl. Sept., fl. and young fr. Nov. 1855. No. 3332.

20. V. sculptifolia Hiern, sp. n.

Shrubby ; stem or branches leafy, dusky and covered with a
short thin pallid felt below, with a thicker pale yellowish-white
felt above, terete, 2k ft. high or more, divided at or nenr the
inflorescence ; leaves alternate, spreading, oval-oblong, obtusely
narrowed at the scarcely apiculate apex, wedge-shaped or obtuse
at the sessile or subsessile base, firmly subcoriaceous, glabrescent,
scabrid yellowish-green and with impressed venation on the upper
face, softly felted whitish and with raised venation on the lower
face, 1 to 3 in. long by 1 to 1 in. broad, denticulate or subrepand
on the margin ; capitula campanulate, 'i in. long, on short woolly
pedicels arranged in a dense comi^ound coiymbose terminal cyme
3 to 6 in. in diameter ; involucral scales pauciseriate, acute,
glabrous on the inner face, woolly on the outer ; the outer ones
narrow, i in. long, the outer ones lanceolate, i in. long ; corollas
purple, I in, long, salver-shaped, shortly 5-cleft, scattered with
small glands outside ; lobes lanceolate, acute ; anthers with acute
tails at the base and acutely produced at the apex ; style exserted,
with two puberulous rather short tapering branches ; nectary
elevated, small, fleshy, surrounding the base of the style ; achenes
setulose, obscurely about 7-ribbed ; pappus about i in. long,
sordid, in one row with a few outer short setse ; the setse his-
pidulous ; receptacle somewhat foveolate.

HuiLLA. — In rather dry wooded thickets between Monino and Eme ;
fl. and fr. April 18G0. No. 3333. At Lopollo ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1850.
No. 3334.

Nearly related to V. tmcrtoides Welw.

21. V. pratensis Hiern, sp. n.

An erect rather slender scabrid herb, 2| ft. high or more ;
stem simple below the inflorescence, hispidulous, sulcate-striate,
angular above, uniformly leafy ; leaves alternate, directed
upwards, lanceolate, rather obtuse, callus-tipped, rounded at the

524 Lxxi. COMPOSITE. [Vernonia

subsessile base, green on both faces, rather paler beneath,
membranous, rigid, scabrid, not pubescent, marked with minute
impressed peHucid points, 1 to 2^ in. long by i to y in. broad ;
margin narrowly revolute, entire or i-ough with a few short
prickles ; inter nodes shorter than the leaves ; capitula cam-
panulate-hemispherical, i to ^ in. in diameter, several-flowered,
subsessile on the branches of the cyme or on scabrid angular
rather slender rigid pedicels ranging up to an inch long, arranged
in a compovmd bracteate (or somewhat leafy) terminal corymbose
panicle about 4 in. in diameter ; bracts like the leaves but
smaller ; involucral scales pluriseriate oblong, oblanceolate or
linear, obtuse, somewhat pale-cottony outside, unequal, ranging
up to i in. long, more or less straw-coloured below, dark or
purplish and often quasi-appendicular towards the apex, the
lower ones often subapiculate ; corollas purple, rather more
than i in. long, narrowly tubular, gradually and not much
widened upwards, with 5 linear-lanceolate sub-acute lobes;
anther-tube acutely sagittate at the base and with lanceolate
appendages at the apex ; style-branches puberulous, tapering,
shortly cxserted at the apex ; achenes ob-pyramidal, Jj in. long,
about 6-ribbed, scattered with small glands and short hairs ;
pappus slightly straw-coloured, biseriate ; the outer setse short,
the inner ^ in. long, nearly smooth.

Huii.LA. — In the wooded meadows (varzeas) of Catumba towards
Hay ; fl. and fr. April 1860. No. 3364.

22. V. catumbensis Hiern, sp. n.

An undershrub, 4 ft. high or more ; stem densely leafy below,
divaricately branched above ; branches elongated, purple, sulcate-
striate, terete, somewhat pubescent with whitish curly hairs ;
leaves oblong, more or less obtuse at both ends, subapiculate at
the apex, rounded at the sessile or subsessile base, thinly sub-
coriaceous, yellowish-green, paler beneath, somewhat pubescent
sometimes obsoletely so on both faces especially beneath by side
of or along the midrib and principal veins, denticulate repand or
gubentire, I^ to 4f in. long by | to 1^ in. broad; lateral veins
not conspicuous ; capitula campanulate, somewhat turbinate,
■} in. in diameter, mostly sessile and unilateral on the branches
of the cyme, some on somewhat woolly pedicels ranging up to f in.
long, arranged in rather open terminal and axillary corymbose
or paniculate cymes ; bracts like the leaves but smaller ; in-
volucral scales more or less woolly outside, pluriseriate, obtuse,
minutely apiculate, with scarious margins and purple tips, thick
and tough in other parts, the outermost ones very short, the
inner continually longer, the innermost lanceolate-oblong ^ in.
long, persistent ; flowers purple, about 18 together in a capitulum ;
corollas § in. long, gradually widened above the middle, 5-cleft ;
the lobes lanceolate-oblong, cohering about the middle, sub-
obtuse ; anthers obtusely tailed at the base, with lanceolate
appendages at the apex ; style-branches exserted, hispidulous.

Vernonici] Lxxi. co.mposit.e. 525

tapering, curved ; nectary cupuliform, minute ; young achenes
densely hairy, unequally trigonous, with sevei-al obscurely marked
ribs ; pappus straw-coloured, sub-biseriate, the outer setfe short,
the inner }^ in. long, the setae hispidalous ; receptacle areolate.

HuiLLA. — In wooded situations amongst tall herbs near Catumba,
sporadic ; not yet in full fl. April 1860. No. 3295.

23. V. phyllodes Hiern, sp. n.

A smooth herb, 2 ft. high, with the habit of a Carthamius,
pale yellowish -green, sviffruticose at the base ; stem terete and
glabrate below, sulcate, branched in the upper part, somewhat
cottony towards the apex, leafy throughout ; leaves alternate,
crowded, arranged after the manner of the phyllodes in the
leafless acacias, oval-oblong, rather obtuse at both ends, sub-
apiculate at the apex, sometimes 3-nerved at the subsessile base,
fleshy-coriaceous, unicolorous, pilose when young, glabrescent or
sometimes a little pilose near the base beneath, 1| to 2^ in. long
by i to 1^ in. broad, entii^e ; capitula broadly campanulate, '^ to
1 in. in diameter, singly terminating the branches or a few close
together terminal and subterminal (or terminating abbreviated
subterminal branches), many-flowered ; involucres ^ to 1 in. long ;
the scales pauciseriate, sub-equally high, more or less cottony-
pilose on the exposed parts of the back ; the outer ones foliaceous,
lanceolate-oblong, the inner ones closely imbricate, sub-obtuse,
thickly coi-iaceous, glabrous and polished inside ; corollas white,
^ in. long, narrowly tubular with a campanulate-oblong 5-cleft
often spreading dilatation in the upper part ; the lobes lanceolate,
narrowed to a thickened papillose tip ; anther-base obtuse, not
sagittate; the tube partly exserted ; style-branches exserted,
rather long, puberulous, spreading and incurving, pointed;
achenes (young) glabrous except the base, somewhat compressed,
obscurely ribbed ; pappus of a pale whitish fawn colour,
pluriseriate, subequal, setose ; sette closely approximated, silky,
very slender, microscopically barbellate ; receptacle pubescent.

Pux(i() AxDONGO. — In wooded thickets by hilly places at the river
Cuanza near Sange, abundant ; fl. and young fr. 1 May 1857. Xo. 3993.

This belongs to the section Hololepis of the genus, and amongst
the African species comes next to V. purpurea Schultz bip.

24. V. Calulu Hiern, sp. n.

Vernonia sp., Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 206 (1884).

A herb, with the habit of a Sen-atula, 2 to 3 ft. high or in
shady places taller ; stem brittle, terete, striate, often purplish
and scabrid hispidulous or glabi-ate below, scabrid-pubescent and
somewhat fawn-coloured above, loosely branched or nearly simple,
uniformly leafy throughout ; leaves oval elliptical or obovate,
rather shortly narrowed or rounded and apiculate at the apex,
obliquely and often shortly narrowed to an obtuse or wedgeshaped
base, chartaceous, very rigid, scabrous with small rough raised
points and hispidulous or nearly glabrous on both faces, with
raised midrib veins and veinlets beneath, 1 to G in. long by ^

526 Lxxi. coJiPosiT.E. [Vernonia

to 3 in. broad, strongly and sharply serrate-dentate ; petioles
ranging vip to i in. long ; capitula turbinate-campanulate, § to
I in. in diameter, many-flowered, on bracteolate scabrid-hispidu-
lous pedicels ranging up to 1^ in. long, arranged in moderately
dense terminal somewhat leafy corymbose or obovoid cymes 3 to
6 in. in diameter ; bracteoles lanceolate or subulate, hispidulous,
small ; involncral scales multiseriate, more or less linear, minutely
scabrid-puberulous on the back, scabrous-serrulate on the margins,
glabrous inside, pallid except the greenish or darker subacute
more or less spreading tip ; the outermost ones very short, linear-
subulate ; the inner ones successively longer, sublinear ; the
innei'most ones lanceolate-linear, i in. long ; corollas more than
^ in. long, of a beautiful pale-azure colour, scattered with minute
glands outside, narrowly tubular ; style-branches long, puberu-
lous, tapering, much curved ; achenes i to nearly i in. long, about
10-ribbed, densely setulose, dark-brown, with a large rovinded
callus at the base ; pappus rufous, ^ in. long, pluriseriate, setose,
the outer setjB short, all hispid with rather long setulse; re-
ceptacle somewhat convex, areolate with the areas fringed with
short thick hairs.

GoLUNUO Alto. — In thickets near Cambondo ; fl. and fr. July
1856. No. 3284. At Trombeta ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1854. No. 3285.
On bushy declivities near Sange, at Arimo do Mariano ; fl. and fr.
21 July 1855. No. 3286.

CAZEXtio.— In thickets ; fl. and fr. June 1855. No. 3287-
Nearly related to F. obconicu 0. & H. It is a medicinal plant, and
in Golungo Alto is called " Caliilu " ; the dried and rubbed leaves
are employed by the native medical men for curing ulcers. According
to a note of Welwitsch it occurs also in Pungo Andongo. The name
calulu, printed catuht by Ficalho, I.e., probably in the native language
means bitter.

25. V. huillensis Hiern, sp. n.

An erect or ascending, hard, perennial herb, 2 to 3 ft. high,
rootstock woody ; stems smooth or nearly so, subterete, unequally
furrowed, glabrate below, puberulous or obsoletely so in the
furrows above, simple below the inflorescence, leafy especially
near the base ; leaves alternate, approximated near the base of
the stem, the lower ones oblanceolate, the upper ones narrowly
elliptical, more or less narrowed and minutely apiculate at the
apex, wedge-shaped or the upper ones rather broad at the base,
sub-erect, rigidly chartaceous, nearly smooth and glabrate,
scattered on both faces with minute scales, denticulate and
ciliolate-scabrid on the margin, li to 8 in, long by \ to 1^ in.
broad, sessile and somewhat clasping or the lower ones attenuate
into a short petiole which dilates and somewhat clasps the stem ;
venation rather slender ; capitula broadly campanulate with a
turbinate base, # to 1 in. in diameter, on unequal bracteolate
puberulous firm ascending pedicels ranging up to 2 or even 4 in.
long, arranged in a rather lax corymbose or obovoid terminal
slightly leafy cyme 3 to 5 in. in diameter ; involucre f to f in.

Vemonia] lxxi. coMPOSiTiE. 527

long ; the scales multiseriate, more or less lanceolate, sub-acute,
apiculate, puberulous or thinly pubescent on the back, scabrid-
ciliolate on the margin, glabrous inside, adpressed or scarcely-
spreading, straw-coloured at the back except the dark-purplish
tips ; the outermost very short, subulate-lanceolate ; the inner
successively longer ; the innermost oblong-lanceolate, |- in. long ;
corollas purple, about j: in. long (when the lobes are extended),
narrowly tubular, not much dilated at the top of the tube,
membi-anous, scattered outside with minute glands, 5-lobed ; the
lobes lanceolate-oblong, i in, long, acute ; anthers with long
lanceolate tails at their base each cohering with one of an
adjacent anther ; filaments red ; style-branches long, exserted,
puberulous, tapering, curved ; achenes 4 in. long, with about 10
slender ribs, nearly glabrous or with some short setulte between
the ribs ; pappus rufous, f in. long, pluriseriate, setose ; the setai
setulose almost plumose, the outer setae short.

HuiLLA. — In hilly places, amongst tall bushes, between Nene and
Humpata ; also at Ferrao da Sola ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1860. No. 3282.
At the herbaceous outskirts of forests near Catumba ; fl. and young
fr. end of March 18G0. No. 3283.

Var. ? scabrior. Stem somewhat muriculate with scattered
hard rough raised points ; leaves very scabrous especially above.

PuxGO AxDOX'do. — Flowers purple. In wooded pastures between
Lombe and Quibinda ; only one specimen, fl. and young fr. March
1857. No. 3299.

26. V, earnea Hiern, sp. u.

A very scabrous, jjerennial herb, 2 to 4 ft. high ; rootstock
thick, woody ; stems several, strictly erect, simple subterete and
purplish below, branched somewhat angular and pallid above,
hispidulous-scabrid, striate, uniformly leafy throughout ; leaves
oval 01' somewhat obovate, broadly pointed and minutely apiculate
at the apex, more or less narrowed to a sessile or subsessile
slightly clasping base, thinly and rigidly coriaceous, very scabrid
on both faces with rough points and stitf short hairs on the veins
and margin, sharply toothed, 1 to 6 in. long by ^ to 3 in. broad,
yellowish-green above, rather paler beneath ; venation slender ;
capitula comparatively f eAV, f to 1 in. in diameter, many-flowered,
hemispherical-globose, on hispidulous-scabrid unequal bracteate
pedicels ranging up to 4 in. long in a lax terminal corymbose or
oblong cyme 3 to 6 in. in diameter ; bracts sublinear ; involucral
scales multiseriate, linear, glabrous or nearly so. yellowish-green
outside on the upper half, pale straw-coloured below, subobtuse,
finely spinulose-serrulate on the margin, loosely imbricate, erect
or ascending ; the innermost the shortest but not so short as in
V. huillensis and V. Calidu ; corollas violet-purple or azure-blue,
f in. long when extended, narrowly tubular, scarcely or shortly
widened at the top of the tube, 5-cleft about halfway down,
scattered outside with small glands ; the lobes linear, acute ;
anther-tube exserted except the base, flesh-coloured, sagittate-

34

528 Lxxi. COMPOSITE. [Vernonia

caudate at the base, with lanceolate appendages at the apex ;
style-branches not much exceeding the anther-tube, puberulous,
tapermg, bluish; achenes short, about 8-ribbed, glabrous, somewhat
glandular ; pappus rufous, pluriseriate, setose ; the setje setulose-
barbellate, the outermost row short, acute, scarcely squamiform.

PuxGO Andongo. — In rocky thickets in the presidium facing the
south ; fl. and young fr. middle of Dec. 1856. No. 3288. In wooded
pastures in Serra de Pedras de Guinga ; after fall of the corollas,
Jan. 1857. No. 3289. In sandy pasture scattered with bushes near
Candumba ; few fl. 1857. No. 3290.

27. V. senegalensis Less, in Linnaja iv. p. 265 (1829); O. & H.
in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 283 ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 205 (1884).

Decaneurimi senegalense DC. Prodr. v. p. 68 (1836).

Ambriz. — Flowers purple ; achenes subglabrous, with several ribs,
beset with glands between the ribs ; pappus setose in one row. In
bushy somewhat stony situations between the town of Ambriz and
Quizembo ; fl. and fr. Nov, 1853. No. 3346. A small tree, 5 to 7 ft.
high, very elegant ; trunk straight, bare below, 1^ in. thick, with
spreading branches at the head ; flowers whitish or purplish. On
bushy hills next the sea, between the town of Ambriz and Quisembo ;
fl. and young fr. beginning of Nov. 1853. No. 3352.

Barka de Dande. — A shrub of 5 to 6 ft., with spreading branches
like a tree ; flowers pale-lilac. On stony hills near Barra de Dande ;
fr. and few fl. Nov. 1853. The bark of the trunk and the root are very
bitter, and they are held in high repute by the natives as a tonic.
No. 3347.

LoANDA. — A branched shrub, 5 to 7 ft. high, branches ascending ;
bark bitter, furnishing an astringent decoction ; flowers whitish-
reddish, fragrant ; corolla-tube more or less conspicuously glandular-
puberulous ; anthers shortly hastate scarcely tailed at the base ; style
pointed and quasi-stipitate at the base, from the middle towards the
base remarkably compressed-flat ; nectary elevated, cupuliform, deli-
cately denticulate at the mouth or rarely entire ; achene more or less
clearly 10-striate, subglabrous, glandular between the ribs. About
Imbondeiro dos Lobos ; fl. and fr. June 1858. No. 3354. A low tree
with a widely spreading head or in cultivated districts a shrub of
5 to 6 ft. ; corolla violet-whitish ; involucres yellow or somewhat
chestnut-green, with the scales ciliate on the margin ; pappus uni-
.seriate, turning rufous in course of drying, subentire at the base,
with strict denticulate somewhat thick and rigid setae. About ponds
(represas) at Imbondeiro dos Lobos, rather rare ; fl. and fr. July 1854.
No. 3355.

Zexza do Goluxgo. — Achenes more or less obcuneate, slightly
compressed by mutual pressure, 10-ribbed, beset between the ribs with
several irregularly arranged glands, truncate at the apex ; pappus
uniseriate ; setse equally long, reddish, shortly hispidulous, persisting
a long time. On sparingly bushy hills between Tanderaxique and
Calumguembo ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1854. No. 3348.

Goluxgo Alto. — A loosely-branched shrub, 3 ft. high, with whitish-
lilac flowers. In thickets along the highway between Trombeta and
Cabondo ; fl. and young fr. Sept. 1854. No. 3349. A shrub of 4 ft.,
much branched from the base ; branches tomentose, rather erect ;
leaves especially the upper ones with large undulations so that they
appear sinuous ; involucres green, with obtuse scales densely ciliate
with whitish hairs ; corollas of a whitish-violet colour, rather fleshy,

Vei-nonia] lxxi. composit.e. 529

tubular, the tube rather broad, inflated in the middle, the lobes of the
limb rather long, acute and connivent at the apex ; nectaries cupuli-
form, rather fleshy, dentate at the mouth ; achenes lO-ribbed, nearly-
glabrous but beset with small glands scattered or in rows ; pappus
uniseriate ; setaj thick, rather rigid, straight, thickened towards the
apex, turning rufous in old age. In secondary thickets at Sange ou
the right bank of the river Cuango ; fl. and fr. beginning of Oct. 1855.
No. 3350. A small tree of G to 10 ft. or in secondary thickets only
a shrub of 4 to G ft. ; branches patent ; flowers whitish, agreeably
aromatic. By wooded thickets near Camilungo along the Ambaca
road : fl. and fr. July 1855. No. 3351- A tree, 12 to 15 ft. high ;
stem slender ; head widely spreading ; flowers lilac, fragrant ; achenes
with few (3 or 4) angles, shortly hispid ; pappus uniseriate. About
Sange, abundant ; fl. and fr. June and July 1855. No. 3357- A tree,
C to 15 ft. high ; trunk 4 in. diameter at the base, occasionally in the
primitive forests attaining G in. ; branches erect-patent ; flowers very
numerous, whitish ; achenes a little bent, hispid (glandular) ; pappus
uniseriate ; sette rather rigid, hispid. In comparatively open thickets
near Sange, very abundant ; fl. and fr. end of July 185G. No. 3358-
A tree in the courtyard of the residency. Golungo Alto ; fl. and fr.
July 1855. No. 3359. A tree of 10 to 15 ft., rarely reaching 20 ft. ;
trunk straight, bare below, much branched above forming a spreading
nearly globose head completely covered with white flowers. At the
borders of primitive forests throughout the district ; fl. and fr. be-
ginning of Aug. 185G. No. 3360. A shrub sometimes erect, in other
cases quasi-scandent with its branches elongated, bare at the base,
divaricate, somewhat climbing among other shrubs or tall grasses ;
flowers whitish but the corymbs appearing pale-yellow on account
of the yellowish involucral scales. In thickets and beds of tall reeds
near Quibixe ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1855. No. 3361. In the village (of
Sange), close to the Tacula (cf. Pterocarpua tinctorhis Welw. Herb.
No. 18G7), and Ints'ui cuanzmsis 0. Kuntze ; fl. and fr. 30 Oct. 1855.
No. 3362. A low tree with numerous white flowers and more or less
ovate leaves not auriculate at the base. Sange, fr. Sept. 1857. Coll.
Cai;p. GGl. A small sufficiently elegant tree of 15 to 20 ft. high, or
in the secondary woods only 10 to 12 ft. high ; trunk straight, slender ;
bark very bitter ; head ovoid-hemispherical ; leaves membranous,
caducous ; flowers very abundant, corymbose-paniculate, white. In
forests ; fr. Aug. 1857.' Coll. Carp. GG2.

Cazengo. — A shrub G to 8 ft. high, shaped like a tree ; flowers pale-
lilac, almost white. On stony hills on the left bank of the river
Luinha, about 2000 ft. alt. ; fl. and fr. end of June 1855. No. 3356.

PuxGo Ando\(;o. — A shrub-like little tree but with a single trunk,
frondose at the apex ; flowers from whitish to lilac. In hot stony
thickets about Caghuy and Luxillo, sporadic ; fl. and fr. end of May
1857. A remarkable form on account of the sette of the pappus being
very thick, and at the apex clavate- thickened ; in this respect No. 3350
in Golungo Alto approaches this form. The young leaves are tawny-
velvety. No. 3353.

This is the plant mentioned by Welwitsch, Apont. p. 58G, n. 34,
where it is described as remarkably ornamental and w^ell worth culti-
vating. The Molulus furnish a tonic, bitter bark, and are in frequent
use in cases of fever and diarrhoea. (See Welwitsch, Apont. p. 548
under n. 84.) The specimens associated here under this name com-
prise several difl:"erent forms which perhaps will subsequently require
to be arranged under distinct subspecies. Welwitsch in a note remarks

530 LXXI. COMPOSIT.E. [Ve7'7l07lia

that the name Moh'ilu is a collective one of three or four species of
elegant bushes with white fragrant flowers belonging to Compositse,
and that the flowers furnish abundant food for bees. The word is
derived from the root lulu of the verb cululu, to taste bitter.

28. V. amygdaUna Delile, Cent. PI. Meroe, p. 41 (1826); 0. &
H. in Oliv. n. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 284.

rernonia sp. Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 206 (1884).

Island or St. Thomas. — A small tree or an arborescent shrub,
with a medicinal bitter root and purple corollas. In mountainous
places at the outskirts of the forest at Monte Gaffe, between 1500 and
2000 ft. alt. Local name " Libd " ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1860. No. 3265.

29. V. mumpullensis Hiern, sp. n.

Rootstock thick, woody, branched, decumbent and descending ;
stems several, erect or ascending, simple or nearly so, sulcate-
striate, more or less woolly with soft whitish curly hairs, rather
slender, 5 to 8 in. high, leafy ; leaves alternate, oval or oblong,
obtuse at both ends, sessile, entire or repand, somewhat pubescent
with soft whitish hairs chiefly beneath at the base and along the
margin and nerves, minutely punctulate, f to 1|^ in. long by | to
|- in. broad ; capitula sub-hemispherical, many-flowered, fi to 1 in.
in diameter, terminal, solitary or two together ; peduncle ^ to 1 in.
long, densely pubescent ; involucral bracts pluriseriate, bright
straw-coloured, pubescent and scattered with little glands outside,
glabrous inside, mostly apiculate ; the lips sometimes spreading ;
the outer ones lanceolate short : the inner ones continually
longer ; the innermost linear-oblong, persistent, ^ in. long ; flowers
purple ; corolla about ^ in. long, narrowly tubular, scattered with
minute glands outside, not much dilated above, rather shortly
5-lobed ; lobes narrowly lanceolate-oblong ; anther-base sagittate ;
style-branches puberulous, tapei-ing (in one case 3) ; achenes -^^ in.
long, unequally 10-ribbed, irregularly quadrangular, glabrous on
the ribs except the base, somewhat hispid and glandular between the
ribs, with a broad basal callus ; pappus ^ in. long, golden-yellow^,
biseriate ; the outer row short, all the sette scabrid-hispidulous.

HuiLLA. — In bushy pastures submitted to burning in winter, near
Mumpulla ; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 3343.

Nearly related to V. moyioccphaJa Harv.

The description is taken from three specimens which had evidently
sprung from an old burnt stock, and which possibly do not represent
the normal condition of the species when allowed to grow up to its
full height.

30. V. orchidoiThiza Welw. ms. in Herb., sp. n.

A nearly glabrous, pale, yellowish -green, glossy herb, 4 to 10
in. high ; rhizome tuberous, fasciculate, the tubers suggesting
those of an orchis but their base produced into a descending
stout fibre; stems several, erect, straight, simple, glabrous
below, sometimes sub-obsoletely tomentose towards the apex,
slender, fragile, leafy throughout ; leaves alternate, narrowly
linear, crowded, directed upwards, rather thick, glabrous, glisten-

Vernonia] LXXi. composit^e. ' 531

ing with minute sessile glands, entire, pointed, sessile, ] to 1 in,
long; capitula bomogamous, many -flowered, campanulate-hemi-
spherical, solitary, terminating the stems, erect ; involucral scales
triseriate, nearly glabrate or puberulous in parts, the outer ones
subfoliaceous narrow linear not contiguous, the middle ones
scarious-svibcoriaceous broader subacute or broadly pointed usually
with a patch of almost obsolete felt near the apex, the inner ones
longest obtuse somewhat crisp and with a red patch about the
apex ; corollas violet-purple or deep-violet, nearly glabrous ; the
tube elongated, narrow, abruptly dilated into an urceolate-
campanulate 5-cleft limb; the lobes narrow, thinly glandular
outside ; anthers included, sagittate scarcely caudate at the base,
furnished at the apex with a straight lanceolate rather obtuse
appendage; filaments nearly glabrous; style subcylindrical,
glabrous from the base to the middle, thence towards the apex
plainly dilated and as well as the elongated exserted branches
densely pubescent ; achenes cylindrical-obpyramidal, densely and
finely pilose, 10-ribbed, more densely pilose along the ribs and
glandular between them ; basal callus very short, suboblique ;
apical areola broad nearly flat furnished in the centre with a
mucroniform or thinly conical nectary ; pappus biseriate, rigid,
straw-coloured ; the setae of the inner row exceeding the corolla-
tube, thick, densely hispid, very brittle, caducous ; those of the
outer row half as long, hispidulous, more acute and persisting
longer ; x-eceptacle flat, marked with non-confluent areohi?.

HuiLLA. — On rather dry sparingly bushy hills near LopoUo, at an
elevation of 5000 ft. ; rather rare and seen nowhere else ; fl. and fr.
Nov. 1859. No. 3988.

31. V. Macrocyanus 0. Hoffin. in Henr, Bol. Soc. Brot. xiii. p. 20
(1896).

Macrocyanus Welw. ex 0. Hoffm., I.e., p. 21, and in Herb.

HuiLLA. — A herb, with a woody perennial several-headed rootstock,
stemless or the 2- to 3-headed stem scapiform ;»capitula broad,
homogamous ; involucral scales in 3 or 4 rows, broadly lanceolate,
imbricate, rather lax, ciliate on the margin with slender short very
dense prickles, the inner scales longer than the outer ; corolla deep-
blue, deeply 5-cleft ; the tube very long, filiform : the lobes narrow,
bearded at the apex with a crest of short hairs, subcucullate : anthers
acutely appendaged at the apex, with longer cihate-fimbriate or
occasionally lacerated appendages at the base ; style somewhat dilated
below its division into branches and then hispidulous, with the
branches very long rather flat inside and puberulous-hispidulous
round the outside ; achenes obcuncate, narrowed at the base, truncate
at the apex, with several ribs, densely hispid all round (or very nearly
glabrous) ; pappus in several rows ; the sette rigid, hisijidulous, per-
sisting a long time. On the wooded sunny declivities of hilly pastures
near Catumba and towards Ohay, not at all abundant ; fl. and nearly
ripe fr. Jan. 1860. No. 3883. Flowers blue. In the hilly pastures
of Catumba, very rare because often died down ; fl. and young fr.
Jan. 18G0. No. 3884. In pastures with low bushes on the right bank
of the river of Lopollo ; fl. and young fr. Dec. 1859. No. 3085.

532 Lxxi. COMPOSIT/E. [Yernonia

Var. ambaeensis.

A perennial herb ; rootstock thick, woody, several-headed,
more or less woolly about the apex ; leaves radical, oblanceolate,
rounded or shortly pointed at the apex, wedgeshaped to an
attenuate shortly petiolate base, membranous, glabrous, erect,
entire or with a few minute or distant teeth, 3 to 7 in. long
(including the petiole) by fr to 1^ in. broad ; scapes numerous,
rather thick, erect or ascending, glabrous, 10 to 18 in. high;
capitula thick, cylindrical-oblong, homogamous, abovit 1^ in. in
diameter, many-flowered, solitary ; corolla deep-blue, with an
elongated filiform tube, elongate-campanulate deeply 5-cleft limb,
and linear-acuminate lobes glandular-bearded outside at the apex ;
style filiform, thickened and hispid below its division ; achene
(not quite ripe) linear-oblong, angular, subglabrous or sparingly
hispidulous ; pappus pluriseriate, ^ in. long, with rigid straight
hispidulous brown-rufous setae.

Ambaca. — In sandy bushy forests largely composed of Cussonia
angolensis (Welw. Herb. No. 480), near Zamba towards the river
Lucala, rather rare ; fr. and one specimen only in fl. Oct. 1856.
No. 3882.

This species apparently belongs to the section Lachnorhiza.

32. V. prsecox Welw. ex 0. Hofi'm., I.e., p. 16.

V. violacea Klatt in Ann. Nat. Hofmus. vii. p. 99 (1892); non
0. &H. (1873).

GoLUXGO Alto. — A herb, 2 to 2| ft. or sometimes only a foot high;
rootstock thick, fleshy, deformed, crowded with long fibres, perennial ;
stem erect, leafy below ; leaves appearing mostly after the flowers ;
flowers violet-purple or red ; corollas tubular, 5-cleft. In elevated
bushy i^astures in Sobato Bumba, on the herbaceous declivities of
Alta Queta, rather rare ; fl. aud fr., the leaves destroyed by fire, Oct.
1855 ; in similar places after the burnings, fl. and fr. end of August
1855 ; in thin secondary thickets grown up after the burnings, fl. and
fr. end of Sept. 1855. No. 3330.

33. V. chthonocephala 0. Hoffm., I.e., p. 17.

GoLUNGo Alto.— A dwarf perennial herb, with the habit of
Saussvrca jv/f/ma'ci Spr. ; rootstock woody, many-headed ; stems very
short, beset with whitish-rufous woolly hairs ; flowers purplish verging
on violet-)jlue, produced in spring before the leaves soon after the
burning of the plains and presaging the coming rains ; capitula
cylindric-ovoid, thick, singly on short scapes. On elevated rather dry
slopes amongst short herbage near the summit of the mountains of
Serra do Alto Queta, at Carengue ; seen nowhere else ; fl. August
to Jan. 1855-7. In consequence of the burning of the country by
hunters and shepherds, the leaves of this plant are rather rarelv found.
No. 3886.

34. V. vaginata 0. HofFm., I.e., p. 14.

HxjiLLA. — A perennial herb, with several stems, ascending, 1 to
1^ ft. high, clothed in all parts with a dense white felt ; corolla-lobes
three times as long as the tube ; anthers with long tails ; style cylin-
drical, thickened and patently pilose at its bifurcation ; the branches

Vernonia] lxxi. composit/E. 533

elongated, pilose along the inner face ; achenes turbinate, densely
silvery-pilose ; pappus pluriseriate, white, setose. Habit of some
robust ElcphantopiiH. In the rather dry wooded pastures of the
Monino, abundant ; fl. and fr. end of Feb. 18G0. Collected at the
war-time. No. 4006.

35. V. lampropappa 0. HofFm., I.e., p. 14.
PuNCiO Andongo. — No notes. Fl. No. 3291.

This and the two next species constitute a new section of the genus
charactJerized by the segments of the pappus being more or less flattened
and subpaleaceous instead of setiform and called Lami'Roi'appus by
O. Hoffmann, I.e.

36. V. eremanthifolia O. Hoffm., ?.c., p. 15.

HuiLLA.— At the outskirts of Panda forests (cf. Bcrlin/a and
Brachi/sfegia) between Erne and Lopollo ; not yet in open fl. Feb. 1860.
No. 3292. Flowers purple in the cleared thickets near Nene, beginning
of June 1860 ; or pale-blue in the drier bushy places near Humpata,
where it occurred sparingly and a few flower-heads in April 1860 ; fl.
and fr. No. 3293.

37. V. Britteniana Hiern, sp. n.

A rigid, rather slender, subtomentose, erect, apparently shrubby
herb ; stem sulcate-striate, terete, leafy, purplish and subglabrate
below, clothed above with a very short whitish felt ; leaves
alternate, oblong or oblanceolate, obtuse and subapiculate at the
apex, gradually narrowed to a sessile base, denticulate or sub-
repand, yello^vish-g^een and minutely scabrid above, whitish-
tomentellous with a very short felt and black-punctulate beneath,
1 to 3^ in. long by g- to ^ in. broad ; capitula campanulate-oblong,
i in. in diameter, sessile or subsessile, in clusters a few together
arranged in a compound terminal rather lax corymbose or sub-
hemisphei'ical cyme about 6 in. in diameter; involucral scales
pluriseriate, obtuse or apiculate, the outer ones shortly woolly ;
the inner ones longer, oblong, ranging up to f in. long, with a
short scarious rounded subglabrous apical appendage ; corollas
violet-coloured, |- in. long ; tube rather abruptly widened above
the pappus, shortly 5-lobed ; lobes lanceolate ; anthers exserted,
acutely produced at the base into long tails, shortly produced at
the apex ; style- branches exserted, puberulous, tapering, curved ;
achenes broadly oblong, somewhat compressed, 10-ribbed, shortly
hispid ; pappus sub-biseriate, ^^^ in. long, rather tawny, setae
rather compressed, minutely setulose ; receptacle nearly flat,
areolate.

HuiLLA. — In wooded places amidst shrubs between Erne and the lake
of Ivantala, rare ; fl. and fr. April 1860. No. 3281.

Nearly related to T. cardlokpls 0. Hoffm., but more slender, narrower
in its leaves and flower-heads, and rather woolly involucral scales.

38. V. cardiolepis 0. Hoflfm., I.e., p. 12.

PUNGO Andongo.— An erect herb, ^ to 3 ft. high, with azure-bluish
flowers. In the Panda forests of Candumba near Condo, abundant ;
fl. and young fr. beginning of March 1857. No. 3280.

534 Lxxi. COMPOSIT.E. [Vernonia

39. V. temnolepis 0. Hoffm., I.e., p. 11.

HuiLLA. — A herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, with the habit of a Centaurea ;
rootstock woody, few-headed ; stems several, ascending-erect, leafy
below and with leaves at the divaricate divisions of the corymbose
apex ; leaves vertical ; capitula homogamous, many-flowered ; corollas
tubular, elongate-funnelshaped, rather deeply 5-cleft, pale wine-red ;
the lobes broadly linear rather obtuse and spreading, hooded-fleshy at
the apex ; anthers hastate ; filaments glabrous ; style relatively thick,
stout, sparingly or scarcely hispidulous and a little thickened below
the division ; the branches long, attenuate, flattish on the inner side,
hispidulous round the outer side ; achene compressed, densely setaceous-
pilose, with a callus at the base, truncate at the apex, the areola
usually excentric ; pappus rigid, rough, in 2 or 3 (?) rows of straight
pilose-setulose setas more or less cohering at the base and a little
thickened towards the apex. On rough bushy hills between Nene and
Humpata ; a few specimens in fl. and young fr. April 18G0. No. 3273.

40. V. ulophylla 0. Hoffm., I.e., p. 13.

GoLUKCxO Alto. — A herb, 3 to 4 ft. high, suifruticose at the base,
with the habit of a Centaurea or rather of a Catananche ; stem strictly
erect ; appendages of the involucral scales rigid, white, scarious ;
corollas tubular, ventricose in the middle, blue or azure-bluish ; achenes
narrowed, \ in. long ; setae of the pappus paleaceous, biseriate, very
brittle. On rather dry declivities of Sobato de Bumba and de
Mussengue ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1856. No. 3279. In sunny bushy places
near Menha-lula ; fl. and fr. beginning of July 1855. No. 32796. A
hei'b, 2J to 4 ft. high, apparently annual ; stem thick, hard, strictly
erect ; leaves green above, pale-tawny and felted beneath ; capitula
resembling those of a Catananche, with whitish scales ; corollas pale-
blue. At Menha-lula, in Sobato de Mussengue ; fr. March 1855.
Coll. Carp. 682.

Var. Hoffmanniana.

V. guineensis, forma capitulis brevius pedunciilatis, 0. Hoffm.,
I.e., p. 12; non Benth.

An erect, perennial, robust herb, with somewhat the habit of
a Carthamus, 1 to 2 ft. high or more; stem clothed with a
short pallid or somewhat tawny or feiTuginous felt, terete below,
obtusely tetragonal above, branched towards the apex at the
inflorescence, leafy ; leaves alternate, directly upwards, obovate-
oblong or oblanceolate, rounded and slightly emarginate or sub-
apiculate at the apex, narrowed to or towards the sessile or
subsessile base, thinly sub-coriaceous, rigid, yellowish-green and
scabrid above, softly velvety and subrufous or paler beneath,
1|- to 4^ in. long by i to 1^ in. broad, crenate-serrate with obtuse
or rounded and sub-apiculate teeth except towards the base ;
capitula broadly campanulate. many-flowered, i to ^ in. in dia-
meter (exclusive of the corollas), mostly subsessile or on tomentose
pedicels ranging up to an inch long, arranged in terminal and
subterminal erect small pedunculate cymes, often forming a
compound terminal somewhat leafy cyme 2^ to 5 in. in diameter,
or rarely solitary and terminal ; bracts linear, tomentose ; in-
volucral scales in about 6 rows, imbricate, linear or oblong, woolly

Vernonia] Lxxi. coMPOsiT.^i:. 535

over the exposed part of the back or at least outside the appendages,
lower part glabrous and glossy inside ; the outer ones linear or
spathulate, like the bracts, ^ to 1 in. long ; the inner ones longer
and broader, with adpressed or re volute appendages ; the inner-
most ones linear-oblong i to ^ in. long ; the appendages mostly
erect or in flower reflexed, thin with narrowly scarious margins,
i to r in. long, ovate or deltoid, terminal, acute or rounded or
shortly apiculate, more or less woolly at the back ; corollas bluish,
occasionally blue, exceeding the involucral scales, §^ to ^ in. long,
narrowly tubular, in the upper part narrowly funnel-shaped and
5-cleft, the lobes lanceolate ; anther-tube ^ part exserted ; anthers
with lanceolate appendages at each end ; style hispidulous in the
upper pai^t, the branches exserted, puberulous, rather elongated,
spreading, incurved, tajoering : achenes (young) ]r in. long, obovate-
oblong, somewhat compressed, fuscous, obscurely 8- to 10-ribbed,
closely setulose with short upturned pallid hairs ; pappus rufous,
I in. long, pluriseriate ; setae unequal somewhat flattened, slightly
barbellate-ciliolate.

PuNGO AxDoNcio. — In rocky glades in the forest, between Calunda
and Mangue, sporadic ; fl. and young fr. March 1857. No. 3278-

This variety differs from V. gtiineensis Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl.
p. 427 (1849), O. & H. in Ohv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 285, the type-
specimens of which are in the British Museum herbarium, by the shape
and margin of the leaves, as well as by the inflorescence ; to the latter
species Hoffmann, I.e., unites V.firiaa O. ct H., /.c, p. 2<J0, which is
founded on Schweinfurth's specimens, n. 3153, from Niamniam-land,
and which has broader leaves with an obsolete tomentum beneath ; the
specimens collected by Scott Elliot nn. 4737, 4842 and sent out from
the Kew herbarium, each with the name of V.jinna attached, perhaps
belong to different species ; the latter has foliage and inflorescence
rather of V. (juineensis Benth., and the former rather the foliage of
V. ulophijlla var. Hoffmanniana.

41. V. sclerophylla 0. Hofi"m., I.e., xiii. p. 13.

PuNGO Andongo. — A perennial suffruticose erect herb, 3 to 4 ft.
high ; leaves subcoriaceous, rather rigid ; involucral scales subscarious,
whitish, coriaceous at the base, imbricate, spreading ; flowers azure-
blue or bluish. , In the more elevated secondary thickets of the
prfssidium, not uncommon, fl. end of Feb. 1857 ; also in bushy places
amongst tall grasses within the presidium ; abundant, fl. and fr.
beginning of May 1857. No. 3277.

42. V. rigidifolia Hiern, sp. n.

An erect stiff" herb, 2^ ft. high or more ; stem simple up to the
inflorescence, subterete below, sulcate- striate, puberulous, not
scabrid, uniformly leafy ; leaves alternate, oblanceolate or obovate,
subobtuse at the apex, wedge-shaped to the attenuate scarcely
petiolate base (or with a narrowly-winged petiole), very rigid, charta-
ceous, very scabrous otherwise glabrous above, obsoletely tomentose
beneath, dentate, li to 6 in. long by I to 1^ in. broad ; lateral
veins widely spreading, about 10 on each side, slender, along the
bottom of depressions on the upper face, raised on the lower face ;
capitvila sub-hemispheidcal, \ to f in. in diameter, many-flowered,

536 Lxxi. COMPOSITE. [Vernonia

solitary or a few together on short pedicels in axillary and com-
pound erect terminal pedunculate narrow cymes ; bracts leaflike
smaller than the leaves ; involucral scales pluriseriate, oblong or
linear, obtuse, somewhat woolly on the back, straw-coloured and
rigid below, i to | in. long, terminating in a thinner dark-coloured
spreading or reflexed ovate appendage ; achenesi in. long, obovoid-
oblong, with about 8 pallid-hispid ribs ; pappus slightly reddish,
almost straw-coloured ; the setae unequal, slightly compressed,
ciHolate-barbellate.
GoLUNGO Alto.— No notes. Fr. No. 3698.

43. V. filipendula Hiern, sp. n.

An erect perennial rigid herb, sometimes only 8 in. high, in
other cases 1 to 3 ft. high ; rootstock thick, woody, giving off
long fibres some of which develop in their course at the distance
of 1 to 2 in. an ovoid subligneous tuber more than an inch long
and i to 1 in. thick ; stems simple, striate, hispidulous-tomentellous,
subterete below, obtusely angular above, leafy except the base ;
leaves alternate, obovate-oblong or oblanceolate, subobtuse and
shortly apiculate at the apex, wedge-shaped to the sessile or sub-
sessile base, thinly and rigidly coriaceous, scabrid, and hispidulovis,
yellowish-green above, rather paler and more densely hairy
beneath, 1 to 3 in. long, by i to f in. broad ; denticulate or
subrepand ; capitula campanulate-hemispherical, many-flowered,
"I to |- in. in diameter, on scabrid hispidulous or somewhat woolly
pedicels of ^ to 2 in. long in about a 2 -headed terminal inflo-
rescence ; pedicels with a foliaceous bract at the base and some
linear hairy bracteoles at the apex about ^ in. long ; involucral
scales pluriseriate, linear or oblong, mostly with a purplish ovate
thinner brittle adpressed obtuse or subobtuse minutely apiculate
appendage, j to ^ in. long, the outer ones the shorter ; corollas
bluish-purple, f in. long when extended, narrowly tubular,
gradually widened to the upper shining glabrous often spreading
shortly 5-cleft upper part ; the lobes lanceolate, subacute ; anther-
tube with rather finely-pointed tails at the base and lanceolate
hyaline appendages at the apex; style-branches rather long,
puberulous, pointed, the upper part exserted; young achenes
short, dusky, marked with about 10 longitudinal rows of short
whitish hairs ; pappus straw-coloured, pluriseriate, setose ; the
setfe somewhat flattened, ciliolate-barbellate, the other ones the
shorter.

HuiLLA. — In pastures among tall herbs, at Catumba ; fl. and young
fr. April 1860. No. 3275.

44. V. benguellensis Hiern, sp. n.

An erect robust rigid herb, 3 ft. high ; stem subterete, striate-
sulcate, puberulous, branched slightly scabrid and leafy above ;
leaves alternate directed upwards and often folding longitudinally
inwards, elliptical, more or less narrowed at both ends, not very
acute, apiculate, subsessile, thinly and rigidly coriaceous, scabrid
with short thick rigid pointed hairs and minutely scaly above,

Vernonia] lxxi. composit/E. 537

rather tomentose with pallid or whitish soft hair,s often obsoletely
so and minutely pitted beneath ; 2 to 41 in. long by I- to 1 in.
broad (the lower ones not seen), denticulate with small apiculate
teeth; capitula hemispherical-globular, many-flowered, ^ to \\ in.
in diameter, on pubei-ulous or scaberulous bracteate peduncles
of about an inch long singly terminating the ultimate branches
of the stem and forming together a leafy rather lax terminal
subcorymbose cyme or a few together on unequal pedicels ; bracts
sublineai-, acute, several near together and near the base of the
capitulum and supplementing the involucral scales, i to ^ in. long,
scaberulous or puberulous ; involucral scales pluriseriate, lanceolate
oblong or nearly oblong or linear, pointed at the apex, puberulous
or nearly glabrous outside, glabrous and shining inside, adpressed
lower part rigid straw-coloured, upper part appendicular thinner
purplish f to f in. long ; the outer ones the shortest and nearly
continuous with the upper bracts of the peduncle or pedicel ;
corollas violet-coloured or bluish-pui-ple, about an inch long when
extended, scattered with minute glands outside, lower part of the
tube very slender, H in. long, rather abruptly widened at the
apex into the 5-cleft spreading upper part ; the lobes lanceolate,
subacute ; anther-tube sagittate at base, with comparatively short
tails ; apical appendages ovate ; style-branches puberulous, taper-
ing, spreading and incurved, comparatively short ; achenes i in.
long, shortly and densely hispid with short upward pallid hairs
arranged in about 8 longitudinal rows ; pappus about ^ in. long
or a little longer, pluriseriate, setose ; the setos somewhat
flattened, straw-coloured, ciliolate-barbellate, outer rows the
shorter.

HuiLLA. — In wooded meadows by the lake of Ivantala ; fl. and fr.
Feb. 1860. No. 3276. Sporadic ; fl. and young fr. beginning of
March 1860. A form with smaller heads and narrower leaves tomen-
tose beneath. Perhaps a distinct species. No. 3276/^.

Nearly related to V. mossamhiquensis O. & H.

45. V. glaberrima Welw. ex 0. Hoflin. p. 1 5.

GoLUNGO Alto. — An elegant herb ; rootstock perennial, woody ;
stems ascending, densely caispitose ; flowers violet-coloured. On the
more elevated declivities of the mountains of Sobato de Bumba ;
fl. and fr. Oct. 1855. No. 3327- A perennial herb ; rootstock
woody, many-headed ; stems numerous, erect or ascending, acutely
angular ; branchlets erect, thin ; leaves coriaceous, rather rigid, rather
glossy on both faces ; capitula homogamous ; flowers lilac ; corolla
tubular, whitish-rosy, ventricose, 5-cleft at the mouth, with connivent
lobes ; the tube of the anthers deep-hlac, included ; style bifid or
trifid, with the lobes exserted and arched. On elevated declivities of
the mountains of the central Queta ; fl. and fr. beginning of Sept.
1856. No. 3328. In bushy hilly places in Sobato de Bumba after the
burnings (Queimadas) ; fr. No. 3329.

4G. V. eonferta Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 427 (1849) ; O.

& H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 294; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 206.

V. arhorea Welw. ex 0. lIofl:m. in Bol. Soc. Brot. x. p. 172 (1893).

538 Lxxi. COMPOSIT.E. [Vernania

Cazengo. — A tree, usually from 15 to 20 ft. high, occasionally
higher ; the young stem simple, crowned at the apex with a head of
very large leaves ; the older stem sparingly branched, with thick
elongated distantly-leafy branches ; panicles terminal, white-flowered,
Ih to 2J ft. long ; capitula subsessile, arranged in dense rows along
the branches of the panicle. In the more elevated primitive forests
of Serra de Muxaula ; fl. and fr. June 1855. No. 3259.

GoLUNGc^ Alto. — A tree, 20 to 25 ft., even 35 ft., with a trunk 5 to
10 in. in diameter at the base, sparingly and thinly branched ; bark
whitish or grey ; head lax ; branches elongated, arched upwards,
sparingly twiggy, subterete, tomentose when young ; the young trees
simple, crowned with a palm-like head of gigantic fasciculate leaves
resembling an immense cabbage ; leaves alternate, shortly petiolate, very
large, ranging up to 2 and 4 ft. long by 1 and If ft. broad, sinuate-lobed,
rigid, with thick nerves, fasciculate at the apex of the branches and
branchlets ; capitula homogamous, obconical, rather small, arranged in
racemose pyramidal panicles 1 to 2 ft. long, 15- to 20-flowered ; in-
volucral bracts pluriseriate, loosely imbricate, rigid, pubescent, the
outer ones very short, rather thick, spreading, rather obtuse ; the inner
ones elongated, erect, oblong-linear, shortly acuminate ; corolla
whitish with 5 equal ovate-lanceolate lobes much shorter than the
long tube and with the throat scarcely or but little widened ; anthers
exserted, appendiculate at the apex, acutely sagittate-caudate at the
base ; stigmas rather long, obtusely subulate, far exserted, recurved,
inflected or spirally twisted outwards, hispidulous or pubescent all
round ; achenes obconic-cylindrical, subcom pressed, marked with a
few ribs, glabrous or nearly so, truncate at the apex, with a callus at
the base a little narrower than the achene and much shorter ; pappus
uniseriate, many times longer than the achene ; the setaj crowded,
nearly as long as the corolla, equal among themselves, slender, rather
rigid, very densely, very delicately serrulate-setulose, whitish;
receptacle elevated, areolate. In the primitive forests among the
mountains of Serra de Alto Queta ; fl. July and Aug. 1855, fr. Sept.
1855, sporadic. Native name " Quipuculo cafele " (small Quipuculo),
or " Quipucolo." No. 3259b. A very beautiful tree of moderate size,
in youth resembling a palm, from a long distance much like in
habit Anthocleista iiohllis G. Don (which is also called " Quipucalo ") ;
trunk 6 to 10 in. in diameter ; branches and leaves, etc., clothed with
a more or less rufous tomentum ; flowers whitish, arranged in gigantic
terminal ovoid-pyramidal panicles. In the elevated forests of Sobato
Quilombo and Bumba ; fl. May and Dec. No. 3269. A tree, 15 to
20 ft. high ; trunk straight, sparingly branched, when young resembling
a palm with its broad unlobed leaves 2 to 2h ft. long by 4 to 6 in.
broad ; flowers whitish, pyramidal-paniculate. In the elevated primitive
forests not uncommonly attaining 25 or 30 ft. in height ; fr. July 1857.
Coll. Carp. 685.

According to a note of Welwitsch, the trunk of this tree attains
a foot in diameter, but only so thick in the primitive forests on the
farther side of the river Zenza. Another native name is " N-tende.''
It occurs also in the district of Dembos ; see Welw. Synopse Explic.
p. 10. n. 17 (1862).

47. V. Thomsoniana 0. & H. ex Oliv. in Trans. Linn. See. xxix.
p. 91 (1873) and in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 295 ; O. Hofim. in
Eel. See. Brot. xiii. p. 16 (1896).

Ambaca. — A herb, 3 to 4 ft. high, with whitish flowers verging on

Vernonia] LXXi. composit.e, 530

a pale-violet colour. On grassy hills on the left bank of the river
Caringa ; fl. and fr. June 1855. No. 3255.

GdLUXGo Alto. — A herb 2-i to 3^ ft. high or more, with whitish-
lilac flowers. In hilly places l)y the road towards Sobato de ]\Iu«sengue.
fl. and fr. July 1855. No. 6722. A shrub of G to 8 ft. shape<l like
a small tree, with spreading branches and flowers of a whiti.sh-violet
colour. In the eastern Quota ; fl. and fr. July 185G. Native name
" N-dulo." No. 3256. An evergreen little shrub, 1 to Ih ft. high,
densely ca^spitose, with coriaceous shining leaves and whitish flowers.
On the highest ranges of Sobato de Quilombo ; fr. March 1855. Pro-
bably this species. Coi.i.. Caup. G81.

Prxcjo AxnoNco. — In primitive woods a little tree G to 10 ft.
high with a straight slender trunk, or in secondary woods a shrub with
numerous stems ; bark grey, very bitter ; branches erect-spreading ;
branchlets patent ; capituhi several-flowered, very densely corymbose ;
corollas from whitish to lilac, much liked by bees, though not very
fragrant. Between the prajsidium and Sansamanda ; fl. and fr.
beginning of June 1857. Native name sometimes '' Moliilu," or more
correctly " N-dolo." No. 3257-

The name " Molulu " is also applied to V. senegalcnsis, V. podocoma,
and T^ aurtcv.Vffra ; and the last is also called " N-dolo."

48. V. podocoma Sehultz Bip. ex Schweinf. & Aschers. in
Schweinf. Fl. .^thiop. p. 287 (18G7) ; 0. & H. in Oliv. El. Trop.
Afr. iii. p. 296. .^,

Bumbo. — Flowers whitish-lilac. In willow-beds composed of SnJ/.t,
Sapsaf Forsk. (Welw. No. 6332i), by streams near Chao da Xella,
abundant : fr., most of the flowers having fallen, Oct. 1859. No. 3283.
Flowers prettily violet-coloured ; (fl. and) fr. Oct. 1859. No. 3267.

49. V. auriculifera lliern, sp. n.

A small tree, 8 to 20 ft. high or in secondary Avoods only a
shrub of 6 to 8 ft., but mostly with a single trunk, 1 to 3 in.
in diameter at the base, and a leafy branched head at its apex ;
branches spreading, sparse on the lower part of the plant, crowded
at the head, gradually shorter, pithy, glabrescent ; branchlets
hoary-tomentellons towards the apex ; leaves alternate, elliptical
or ovate-oval, somewhat acuminate or pointed at the apex, wedge-
shaped or nearly rounded or reniform-auriculate at the base,
membranous (mostly destroyed by insects), the younger ones
more or less tomentose especially beneath, the adult ones nearly
glabrate, ranging up to 15 in. long by 6 in. broad, denticulate;
the teeth tipped with the continuations of ramifications of the
A'enation ; midrib very prominent on the under face ; lateral
veins about 12 to 15 on each side, spreading at a wide angle;
petioles ranging up to 2 in., somewhat dilated and clasping at the
base, with two deciduous axillary horseshoe-shaped reniform
stipular auricles ^ to | in. long; flowers solitary in each involucre,
whitish-lilac ; involucre oblong, | in. long, sessile or subsessile,
densely and sub-v;mbellately crowded on the ultimate branches
of ample terminal corymbs ; bracteoles very small, hairy ; scales
of the involucre imbricate often ciliolate, the outer ones shorter
jtuberulous and obtuse, the inner ones elongated acuminate or
apiculate subglabrous almost as long as the flower prettily

540 Lxxi. COMPOSITE. [Vernonia

greenish soon spreading and easily breaking off; corolla tubular,
gi-adually narrowing downwards, rather shoi-ter than the anthers ;
lobes ovate, sub-acute ; anther-base obtuse ; style -branches ex-
serted, puberulous, somewhat tapering, diverging and spirally
curved downwards ; nectary small, fleshy, annular, glabrous ;
achenes glabrous when young, afterwards thinly pilose, about
10-ribbed; pappus rigid, setose, nearly in one row, as long as
the involucre, always white.

GoLuxGO Alto. — In wooded situations throughout nearly the whole
district. Between Trombeta and Cabondo ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1854.
Near Cacarambola July 1855, and by thickets abundantly, fl. and fr.
14 Aug. 1855. At Sange, June 185G. Native name " N-dolo " ; by
some erroneously called " Molulu." No. 3258 partly.

Cazengo. — In Mata de Cambondo ; fl. and fr. June 1855. No. 3258
partly.

HuiLLA. — In wooded rocky parts of Humpata ; not yet in fl. April
1860. In the absence of fl. and fr. the determination is doubtful.
No. 3262.

Nearly related to V. myrkmtha Hook, f ., but differs by the 1-flowered
involucres and by the presence of the auricles ; see Scott Elliot in
Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 84 (1894).

5. HERDERIA Cass. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 232.

1. H. stellulifera Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 425 (1849) ;
O. & H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 298.

Sierra Leone.— Fl. and fr. Sept. 185,3. No. 3519.

GoLUXdO Alto. — An annual herb 2 ft. high, or rarely biennial and
then 3 ft. ; corollas violet-red. In shady forests and in tall damp
reed-beds along rivulets, at the spring of Capopa ; fl. and fr. beginning
of Jan. 1855. No. 3516. In the primitive forests of Quisuculo in
Sobato Bango ; fl. and fr. April 1856. No. 3514. An annual, rather
erect, much branched herb, with the habit quite of an Alsine, and red
corollas. In moist neglected places previously cultivated, near Sange,
in the Bumba country ; fl. and fr. May 1856. No. 3515.

Ambaca. — An erect herb, 1 to 2 ft. high, with lilac-purple deciduous
corollas. In moist places at the wooded outskirts of the mountains
of Queta, near the river Moembege ; fl. and fr. June 1855. No. 3517.

PuNfiO AxDONGO. — An annual herb, with a slender usually quasi-
scandent stem, and pallid violet-coloured corollas. Among tall grasses
on the Calemba island in the river Cuanza ; fl. and fr. March 1857.
No. 3518.

6. ELEPHANTOPUS L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 237.

1. E. scaber L. >Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 814 (1753); 0. & H. in
Oliv. FL Trop. Afr. iii. p. 299.

HuiLLA. — A perennial herb, growing in a ctespitose manner, with
the habit of the genus. In sunny wooded parts of the Monino, not
uncommon ; not yet in open fl. Feb. 1860. No. 3389.

Prince's Island. — In wooded sunny places in the lower part of the
island ; fr. Sept. 1853. No. 3388.

2. E. Welwitschii Hiern, sp. n.

An erect strigose-scabrid perennial herb, 2 to 4 ft. high,
branched in the ujoper part ; stem terete and with the bianches

Eleplumtopus] lxxi. composit.e. 541

sulcate-striate, clothed with rather long whitish simple strigose-
hispid hairs which arise from a thickened or bulbous hard per-
sistent base ; branches somewhat angular above ; lower internodes
shorter than the leaves, the upper ones longer ; leaves altex-nate,
oval-elliptical or the uppermost ones somewhat lanceolate, rather
shortly narrowed to subacute apex, somewhat narrowed towards
the rounded or obtuse base, toughly membranous, rigid, dark-
green scattered with some hau-s like those of the stem and marked
with slender impressed venation above, canescent and densely
hispid-pubescent beneath, 1 to 3 in, long by :j to l^ in. broad;
the margin very narrowly revolute, minutely crenulate ; petiole
very short, broad, dilated and clasping at the base, pubescent-
hispid ; capitula narrowly ovoid-oblong, ^ to }j in. long, somewhat
angular or compressed, 4-Howered, silvery-strigose, sessile, arranged
(in one instance) in a cluster of 1 in. in diameter containing
24 capitula which are grouped in 3 approximated subordinate
subsessile clusters bracteate at the base, 2 lateral alternate and
1 terminal, containing 7, 7, and 10 capitula respectively; the
bracts ovate or lanceolate, more or less equalling the capitula
in length ; the principal clusters broadly campanulate or sub-
hemispherical, somewhat compressed, -^ to 1 in. in diameter,
terminal and axillary, on pedicels ranging up to 2Ji in. long or
sessile and then axillary or lateral, the whole forming a compound
somewhat leafy or bracteate ovoid terminal cyme 5 to 9 in. in
diameter ; in other instances the principal clusters consist of a
greater or smaller number of subordinate clusters ; involucral
bracts 8 to 10, imbricate, from lanceolate to sublinear, I to f in.
long, acute, silvery-strigose on the exposed part of the back,
glabrous and shining inside, rigid, straight and erect or nearly so,
the inner 4 or 5 longer and narrower than the rest, the outer
ones somewhat cymbiform ; corolla narrowly tubular, purple-
blue ; the tube i in. long, very slender, glabrous ; the limb about
j~ in. long, quadripartite ; the segments sublinear, ciliate at the
apex, unequal, yV to yV "i- lo^^g ,• anthers shorter than the corolla-
segments, obtuse at the base, narrowly lanceolate at the apex,
easily separating, style rather exceeding the corolla-segments,
puberulous, rather shortly bilobed ; the lobes tapei'ing ; achenes
about y— in. long, compressed, nari'owing downwards, 10-ribbed,
the ribs strigose with whitish hairs directed upwards, the inter-
costal spaces scattered with minute glands ; pappus i in. long,
of a pallid-straw colour, consisting of 8 unequal compressed
or slightly cymbiform narrow sub-paleaceous setse, more or less
ciliolate towards the acute apex.

PuNco Andongo. — In open bushy forests between Quibinde and
Quitage ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 3387-

3. E. angolensis O. Holim. in Bol. Soc. Brot. x. p. 172 (1893).
Forma foliis valde rugosis, 0. Hofim., I.e., p. 173.
HriLi.A. — A perennial herb, with the habit of the genus, and
purple-blue flowers. On a coarse-sandy soil iu open places scattered

542 Lxxi. coMPOSiT.E. {EUphantoims

with shrubs, between Lopollo and Jau ; without fl. Feb. ; with fl.
end of April I8I1O. No. 3390. Flowers blue-purple ; at Ferrao da
Sola ; fl. end of April 1860. No. 3391.

Tribe IL Eupatoeiace.^.

7. ADENOSTEMMA Forst. ; Benth. & Hook, f . Gen. PI. ii. p. 239.

Bulhopodrnm Welw. ex 0. Hoffm. in Bol. Soc. Brot. xiii. p. 22.

1. A. viscosum Forst. Char. Gen. p. 90, t. 45 (1776); 0. & H.
in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 299.

Verbesina Lavenia L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 902 (1753) ; non Ptoxb.
A. Lavenia O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. i. p. 304 (1891).

GoLUXGO Alto. — An erect or ascending, annual herb, 2 ft. high ;
lower leaves opposite, the upper ones alternate ; corolla milk-white or
dirty-white. In neglected places after cultivation in Sobato Bumba,
sparingly ; fl. and fr. May 1856. No. 3513.

HuiLLA. — A herb, 2 to 4 ft. high ; stem cylindrical, erect, branched,
relatively thick, not hollow ; branches reddish ; lower leaves opposite ;
capitula homogamous ; involucral scales biseriate, oblique, directed
towards the periphery, deep ; corolla white, 5-cleft, papillose outside ;
anthers ecaudate, relatively very broad ; style filiform, rather fleshy,
quite glabrous, divided about the middle into 2 gradually clavate
thickened yellowish papillose branches ; receptacle sub-convex, naked ;
nectary cupular, denticulate ; achene elongate-triquetrous, verrucose
all round, obcuneate, truncate, the angles subacute, narrowed at
the base and laterally seated on a little bulb ; pappus consisting of
3 paleEe. In elevated situations along the streams of Morro de
Lopollo ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1860. No. 3700.

Island of St. Thomas. — In wooded mountainous places, Monte
Caffe', at 2000 ft. elevation ; fl. and fr. ; only one specimen, Dec. 1860.
No. 3512.

8. AGERATUM L. ; Benth & Hook. f. Gen. PL iL p. 241.

1. A. conyzoides L. Sp. PL, edit. I, p. 839 (1753) ; O. & H. in
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 300.

Cardia cornjzod.es O. Kuntze, Eev. Gen. PL i. p. 325 (1891).

Sierra Leone. — Flowers pale-blue. In meadows and places of
cultivation, near Freetown, abundant ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. No. 3396-

GoLUNGO Alto. — An erect annual herb, 1 to 3 ft. high, with
beautifully blue florets. In herbaceous places at the outskirts of
thickets, near Sange, abundant ; fl. and fr. middle of Jan. 1856.
No. 3392. Everywhere throughout the district ; fl. and fr. June to
Aug. No. 3393. At Dalatanda ; fl. and fr. June 1855. No. 3394.

Island of Madeira. — In hilly places above Funchal, abundant ;
fl. and fr. Aug. 1853. No. 3396.

9. EUPATORIUM Tourn., L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 245.

1. E. africanum 0. t H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 301 ; O.
Hoflfm. in Bol. Soc. Brot. xiii. p. 22 (189G).

GoLUNGO Alto. — A perennial herb, 2 or rarely 3 ft. high, with a
woody rootstock and whitish flowers. On bushy declivities in Queta-
Carengue, after the so-called Queimadas or burnings of the bush,
tolerably abundant ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1855 and Jan. I806. No. 3331.

Eujjatorium] Lxxi. composit.e. 543

HuiLL.v. — A widely caespitose perennial lierl), with heads of whitish
flowers. Mumpulla : fl. and fr. Oct. 18.5'.). No. 3345.

These Nos. present considerable differences from one another as also
from the type of the species ; but these differences do not appear to
be sufficient for specific separations ; No. 3.331 has its stem glabrate
below and somewhat puberulous above, its leaves more or less narrowed
towards the ba.se and ranging up to 4 in. long l)y 1^ in. broad, and on
the barren shoots the leaves are opposite or subopposite ; No. 3345 is
a smaller plant, from G to 14 in. high, with leaves not or scarcely
exceeding 1 in. long by h in. broad, often subcordate at the base.

10. WILLUGB^YA Necker, Elem. Bot. i. p. 82 (1790).

Mikania Willd. (1800) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 246.
Garelia A. L. Juss. ex Cavan. in Anal. Oienc. Nat. vi. (n. 18)
p. 317 (Oct. 1803) ; nee Moehr., nee Less.

1. W. scandens O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. i. p. 371 (1891)
{WillourjJihua).

Eupatorium scandens L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 836 (1753).
Mikania scandens Willd. Sp. PI. iii. p. 1743 (1800); 0. & H. in
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 301.

GoLUNGO Alto. — By the road near Mussengue ; fl. and fr. (with a
gall) end of May 1855. No. 3397. A suffruticose herb, climbing
high and then hanging down ; flowers white. In dense forests by
thickets etc. in Sobato Mussengue ; fl. Aug. 1855. No. 3398. A
herb or undershrub, climbing high and far ; flowers white, fragrant
with a sweet aromatic scent. In the forests of Quibixe at the banks
of the river Gate ; fl. and young fr., beginning of June 1856. No. 3403.
At Quibolo ; fl.-bud. July 1856. No. 3404. An undershrub or rather
a shrub, woody at the base, climbing to a great height and distance,
frequently covering whole tracts of the forest with its whitish-yellow
flower- heads, especially along the banks of streams and bottoms of
valleys ; it furnishes ample food for bees. In the primitive forests of
the mountain Cungulungulo in Sobato Cabanga-Cacalungo, on the
loftiest trees ; fl. Feb. 1855. The flowers are really of a faint
brimstone colour, and the tips of the involucral scales have the same
colour ; they thus make the dells of the forest, with the broad tops of
such trees as Alb'rs.ia, etc., appear as if coated with powdered sulphur.
No. 3405. A suffruticose herb, climbing high and far, with whitish
flowers. In both primitive and secondary forests, at the banks of the
river Delamboa ; fl. July 1856. No. 3406. In valleys, abundant ; fl.
Feb. 1855. No. 3407.

HuiLLA. — Flowers yellowish. In bushy wooded mountainous places
between the lake of Ivantfda and Quilengues ; fl. Feb. 1860. No. 3399.
A tall climbing undershrub, with leaves velvety beneath, very hirsute
peduncles, and white fragrant flowers. In the more elevated wooded
parts of the Monino, in the Lopollo country ; fl. beginning of April
1860. No. 3400. Climbing high, with white flowers. In Parbtari
forests ; fl. Dec. 1859. No. 3401.

Island of St. Thomas. — A scandent undershrub with lilac-whitisli
flowers. In wooded mountainous parts of Monte Caffr ; fl. and fr.
Dec. 1860. No. 3402.

35

544 Lxxi. COMPOSIT.B. [Psednotrichia

TeIBE III. — ASTEEOIDEiE.

11. PSEDNOTRICHIA Hiern in Journ. Bot. xxxiv. p. 289,
t. 388a (August 1898).

Capitula homogamous, disciform, many-flowered ; involucre
subglobose in bud, campanulate-liemispherical in flower and
fruit ; involucral scales subequal, subuniseriate, with narrowly-
membranous margins ; receptacle naked, hemispherical, f oveolate-
areolate ; flowers hermaphrodite, all fertile ; corolla tubular,
equally 5-cleft ; anthers shortly produced at the apex into
lanceolate appendages, obtuse and ecaudate at the base ; style-
branches short, straight, or slightly curved, somewhat compressed,
not tapering, very blunt, but each with deltoid-lanceolate or
lanceolate-subulate deciduous appendage at the apex, more or
less included ; achene oblong, or obovoid-oblong, not much com-
pressed, with about 5 longitudinal ribs or angles and intervening
rows of short pale more or less deciduous glands ; pappus uni-
seriate, setose, very early deciduous ; the setse several, sub-equal,
longer than the ovary, straight or often bent, conspicuously
barbellate or setulose, whitish, the setulse erect- patent. An
annual, subglabrous, tender herb, with radical, filiform-linear,
simple leaves, and saffron-yellow capitula.

1. P. tenella Hiern, I.e., p. 290.

A fragile, slender herb, 3 to 4 in. high ; leaves erect ; stem
abbreviated ; scapes slender, bracteate, branched, striate, glabrous,
crowded ; bracts lanceolate, rather small, sessile, clasping, in one
case ternate ; capitula |- to i in. in diameter, about 30-flowered ;
involucral scales about 8, lanceolate-oblong, i to 1 in. long,
acuminate at the apex, marked with a few parallel longitudinal
veins, very nearly but not quite glabrous, minutely glandular on
the back ; flowers about ^ in. long or rather longer ; corolla yV in,
long ; the tube narrow below, widened above, often abruptly so ;
the lobes lanceolate or oblong, thin except the thickened tips ;
anthers included or scarcely as long as the corolla-lobes ; style-
branches sometimes included in the anther-tube, sometimes ex-
serted from it, but not exceeding the corolla-lobes ; achenes ttV in.
long, becoming dark and very soon destitute of pappus, straight
or curved, with a narrow subangular cartilaginous ring at the
apex ; fruit-receptacle -^ in. in diameter.

HuiLLA.— Humpata pastures ; fl. and fr. April 1860. Coll. Carp. 690.

There are two kinds of flower slightly differing, one with a less
deeply divided corolla than the other, and with a longer androecium
accompanied by a shorter style.

12. DICHROCEPHALA DC. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 260.
1. D. latifolia DC. Prodr. v. p. 372 (1836); O. & H. in Oliv.
Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 303.

GoLUXGO Alto.— An erect annual herb, 1 to 3i ft. high, patently
branched towards the apex ; leaves sometimes undivided and coarsely
dentate, in other cases variously cut ; habit somewhat like that of

Dichrocephala'] lxxi. composiive. 545

Ambrosia, capitula heterogamous ; all the flowers tubular ; those in the
centre yellowish-green, male, 4- or fj-cleft at the apex, antheriferous,
with the ovary usually but not always abortive ; the outer flowers
whitish, very numerous, female, compressed-tubular, 2- or 3-cleft at
the apex ; achenes compressed, narrowly obovate, subtruncate,
glabrous, surrounded with a whitish margin, their edges facing the
centre of the capitulum (as with the carpels of Ramon'uhi^) ; pappus
in the female flowers consisting of very fine hyaline almost arachnoid
hairs ; in the male flowers pappus very rarely quite absent, but
usually consisting of 2 or 3 to 6, rarely 0 or 7 arachnoid whitish
flaccid almost pellucid threads reaching the middle of the corolla. In
moist gravelly places between Sange and Undelle (N-delle), rather
sparingly ; fl. and fr. June 185G. No. 3510.

BUiMi'.o. — P'lowers yellow-greenish. In moist shady situations in
Serra da Xella, sporadic ; fl. Oct, 1859. No. 3511.

13. GRANGEA Adans. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 261.

1. G. maderaspatana Poir. Encycl. Suppl. ii. p. 825 (1811);
0. & H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 304 ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis,
p. 209 (1884).

LoAXDA. — ^A bitter aromatic annual herb, much branched from the
base, with the habit of a Cotula ; branches decumbent or ascending ;
flowers in the living state bright-yellow, almost golden in colour ;
achene prolonged into a little cup, on the margin of which is a pappus
in the form of cilia. Weaker specimens with an erect stem and few
(1 to 5) flower-heads occur but they quickly wither. Very abundant
throughout the district about pools left after the spring and summer
rains ; Museque de Luiz Gomes, de Schut, etc. ; fl. and fr. May 1854,
and from May to July 1858. Sometimes called Macella (Chamomile),
but wrongly so. No. 3505.

Amp-aca. — A herb, apparently annual or biennial, with much-
branched prostrate stems, and yellowish flowers. In damp bushy
places on the left bank of the river Lucala, sporadic; fl. and fr.
Oct. 18.J6. No. 3506.

Forma aegyptiaca DC. Prodr. v. p. 373 (1836) (sp.).

MossAMEDES. — In moist sandy places in the public garden, sparingly;
fl. July 1859. No. 3507.

14. DETRIS Adans. Fam. PI. ii. p. 131 (17G3).
Agatacha Cass, in Bull. Soc. Philom. p 175 (1815). Agat/um
Cass, in Diet. Sc. Nat. i. Suppl. p. 77, t. 89 (1816). Felicia Cass,
in Bull. Soc. Philom., 1818, Nov., p. 165; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen.
PI. ii. p. 274.

1. D. ericifolia.

Aster ericcii-f alius For.sk. Fl. ^gypt.-Arab. pp. cxix, 150 (1775).
Athrixia ? ericcefolia DC. Prodr. vi. p. 277 (1837). Felicia
ahijssinica Schultz Bip. in Herb. Schimp. Abys'^. iii. n. 1763 ;
O. & H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 306. F. ,'Sc/ii)Jij)en Steud. &
Hochst. ex Jaub. & Spach, 111. PI. Or. iv. p. 86, t. 354 (1852).

Huii.LA. — Flowers violet-coloured. In exposed parts of forests
between Catumba and Ohai ;, fl. Dec. 1859 and April 18G0. No. 3446.
Flowers of a livid-violet colour. In the more elevated sparingly
bushy pastures between Morro de Lopollo and Humpata : fl. April
1860. No. 3447.

546 Lxxi. COMPOSITE. [Detris

These differ from the type of the species by the capitula being not
always soUtary at the extremities of the stems and branches, but
often arranged in lax terminal bracteate panicles ; in other respects
they agree better with the form F. abijssinica rather than with
F. Schiiiq^eri .

Var. ? anthemidodes.

A hispid, scabrid, annual herb ; the central stem erect with
numerous ascending branches spreading from the base in different
dii^ections, ^ to 2 ft. high, with the habit of an Antliemis, but
scarcely aromatic ; branches rather slender and leafy, pallid,
simple below; leaves alternate or the lowest ones opposite,
sublinear, obtuse, sessile, ^ to ^ in. long, yellowish-green on
both faces, densely hispid with grey rather short stiff hairs
arising from a bulbous base entire ; capitula sub-hemispherical,
§ to i in. in diameter, many-flowered, pedunculate, terminating
the branches, forming altogether a sub-hemispherical leafy
panicle as wide as the whole plant; involucral scales pauci-
seriate, sublinear, acute, hispid-pilose on the back, with whitish
scarious margin, the outer ones rather shorter than the inner ;
florets whitish; ligule of the ray-florets linear-oblong, spreading;
achenes flattened, with a thickened border, somewhat setulose,
obovate ; pappus arising from a cartilaginous ring smaller than
the achene in width, white, setose, uniseriate ; seta? setulose.

MosSAMEDES. — On damp sands along the banks of the river Bero,
abundant : fl. and fr. June and Aug. 1859. No. 34:35.

2. D. mossamedensis Hiern, sp. n.

A pallid undershrub; older branches terete, glabrate, ashy-
purplish ; branchlets spreading ; twigs fasciculate ; hispid-
pubescent, leafy , leaves alternate or approximated, linear, obtuse
or apiculate at the apex, rather narrowed towards the rather
broad sessile base, scabrid -hispid with stiff" short whitish hairs,
pale yellowish-green, grey-canescent, ^ to ^ in. long, entire, flat
or concave ; the hairs seated on a minute bulbous (glandular ?)
base; capitiila broadly campanulate or sub-hemispherical, 15- to
20-flowered, radiate, heterogamous, i to 4 in. in diameter (in-
cluding the ligules), numerous, solitary, terminating the shortly
(i to 5^ in.) peduncular branches, erect ; involucral scales pauci-
seriate, linear or lanceolate, acute, ciliate and hispid or minutely
papillose on the back, the outer ones about -^ in. long, the inner
ones ^ in. long ; ligulate florets female, uniseriate, \ to -^ in.
long, the ligule oblong, 2- or 3-toothed at the apex ; disk-florets
hermaphrodite, pluriseriate, i in. long (exclusive of the exserted
style-branches), the corolla tubular, shortly 5-lobed ; anthers
shortly produced at the apex, obtuse not sagittate at the base ;
style-branches rather short, lanceolate ; young achenes minutely
glandular-puberulous, somewhat compressed; pappus uniseriate,
setose, shorter than the corolla, brittle; the setae whitish, minutely
barbellate ; receptacle convex, naked.

MossAMEDES. — In sparingly bushy maritime places between the
town and the river Giraul ; fl. July 1859. Only one individual seen.
No. 3417.

Detns] Lxxi. coMPOSiTyE. 547

3. D. hyssopifolia.

Aster hi)ssoi>i/,,rn,s Berg, PL Cap. p. 287 (17G7).

Var. straminea.

A hard rigid brittle shrublet, 3 to 5 in. high, more or less grey
or hoary ; rootstock woody, wiry ; stem much branched at and
near the base, decumbent or ascending, woody ; branches ascend-
ing or erect, subterete or obtusely angular by the shortly
Recurrent midribs of the leaves, scabrid with stiff whitish
ascending short bristles which arise from a thickened base, leafy
below ; leaves alternate, often crowded, linear or somewhat
oblong, obtusely pointed or rounded at the apex, broad at the
sessile base, ^ to f=^ in. long, thick, uniuerved, entire, spreading or
ascending, yello\vish-green and scabrid-hispid Avith whitish l)ristles
on both faces ; the bristles arising from thickened glandular bases,
short, rigid, sjireading-ascending ; capitula hemispherical, about
h in. in diameter, many-Howered, radiate, straw-coloured, solitary,
terminating the erect more or less scabrid peduncular extremities
of the branches; involucral scales pluriseriate, sublinear or
lanceolate, mostly acute, hispid on the back, ultimately spreading
or redexed, the innermost the longest \ in. long, the outermost
about yV in. long ; ligule of the ray-florets exceeding the involucre,
about 4q in. broad ; disk-florets hermaphrodite, multiseriate,
numerous, ^ in. long, the corolla fi-om a very narrowly cylindrical
base narrowly funnel-shaped, shortly lobed, obsoletely puberulous
outside, the lobes deltoid-ovate ; anthers with ovate lanceolate ap-
pendages at the apex, obtuse and not appendaged at the base ; style-
branches rather short, with subdeltoid appendages ; achenes com-
pressed, obovoid, puberulous, ^^5^ in. long, with a slightly thickened
hispidulous margin ; pappus uniseriate, ^ in. long, sordid-white,
setose ; the sette minutely setulose, erect, brittle, arising from a
small cartilaginous ring at the apex of the ovary, deciduous ;
receptacle depresso-convex, punctulate, naked.

MossAMEDES. — lu rocky maritime places at Praia de Amelia ; in
late or past fl. July 1859. No. 3975.

Perhaps a distinct species.

15. ERIGERON L.; Benth. etHook.f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 279.

1. E. linifolius Willd. Sp. PI. iii. p. 1955 (1800) {Umfolium);
0. & H. in UHv. PI. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 308.

Conyza ambicjua DC. Fl. Fr. Suppl. p. 4G8 (1815); Lowe, Fl.
Mad. i. p. 437 (1868).

Island of Madeira. — In neglected fields between Fuuchal and
Camara dos Lobes ; fl. and fr. August 1853. No. 3937.

2. E. arthrotrichus Hiern, sp. n.

A slender erect hispid scabrid annual herb, 6 to 15 in. high;
stem leafy and simple for two-thirds of its height up to the
inflorescence, pallid, striate, with the hispid hairs jointed above
the tumid base and whitish above the articulation ; leaves alter
nate or the lower ones sometimes opposite, linear-tapering, obtuse
at the apex, sessile and slightly dilated at the base, yellowish-

548 Lxxi. COMPOSIT.E. [Erigeron

green, mostly suberect, i to 1^ in. long, scattered with hispid
jointed hairs like but smaller than those of the stem, uninerved,
the margins entire, more or less revolute ; capitula hemispherical,
abovit ^ in. in diameter, many-flowered, pedicellate, arranged in
a lax corymbose somewhat bracteate terminal panicle 2 to 5 in.
in diameter ; bracts like the leaves but smaller ; pedicels ranging
up to 2^ in. long, ascending or erect, slender, scabiid ; involucral
scales pauciseriate, ultimately reflexed, sublinear or the inner ones
subspathulate and lanceolate at the apex, with whitish scarious
incise-ciliolate margins, minutely scaberulous on the back, glabrous
inside, about ^ in. long, the outer ones shorter ; ray-florets female,
uniseriate, ligulate, i in. long ; ray oblong, spreading, white or
purple (both colours on the same specimen) ; disk florets herma-
phrodite, multiseriate, tubular, i in. long, narrowly funnel-shaped,
shortly 5-cleft ; anthers with lanceolate appendages at the apex,
obtuse at the base ; style-branches (inclusive of the appendage)
very narrowly linear-lanceolate, flattened, papillose on the
margins ; achene obovate, scattered with setulfe, rather thickened
on the mai-gin and a little constricted about the apex at the ring
from which arises the white uniseriate setose suberect pappus of
_l_ to y\f in. long ; setfe partially setulose ; receptacle naked, neai^ly
smooth, concave in the middle, convex about the circumference.

HuiLLA. — In the more elevated pastures of Empalanca amongst a
few scattered bushes, apparently rare ; fl. and fr. April 1860. No. 3445.

3. E. Welwitschii Hiern, sp. n.

An erect rather robust herb, 2 ft. high and more, apparently
annual ; stem rather pallid, striate, simple leafy and glabrous or
sparingly pilose up to two-thirds of its height where the inflores-
cence begins ; leaves sublinear, slightly tapering to an obtuse apex,
sessile and scarcely dilated at the base, alternate or the very
lowest opposite, glabrovis or nearly so, yellowish-green on both
faces, uninerved, 1 to 4 in. long ; margins entire, very narrowly
subrevolute ; capitula sub-hemispherical, ^ to ^ in. in diameter,
many-flowered, pedicellate, arranged in a rather lax corymbose
bracteate terminal panicle 3 to 8 in. in diameter ; bracts like
the leaves but smaller; pedicels rather slender, scaberulous
towards the apex; involucral scales paucisei'iate, ultimately
spreadmg, sublinear : the inner ones the longest, with narrow
whitish scarious margins, acute, i in. long, hispidulous-scaberulous
on the back, glabrous inside, the outer ones smaller ; ray-florets
female, uniseriate, ligulate, I in. long; ray oblong, spreading,
white or very rarely purple-violaceous; disk florets hermaph-
rodite, multiseriate, tubular, subcylindrical, i in. long, shortly
5-cleft ; anthers with narrow lanceolate appendages at the apex,
obtuse at the base; style-branches with narrowly lanceolate
appendages ; achene shortly obovate, somewhat compressed,
scattered when young with short setse, ultimately nearly glabrate ;
pappus Avhite, uniseriate, with a broad base, •/„ in. long, setose ;
the seta? patently setulose.

Erigeron] lxxi. coMPosiTyE. 549

HuiLLA. — In wooded, sparingly bushy meadows between Catumba
and Hay, abundant but seen nowhere else ; fl. and fr. May 1800.
No. 3448.

Allied to E. GranfiJ Oliv. & Hiern.

IG. MICROGLOSSA DC; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 282.

1. M. volubilis DC. Prodr. v. p. 320 (1836); O. & H. in Oliv.
Fl, Trop. Afr. iii. p. 309.

Co7iyza2)i/rifolia Lam. Encycl. Meth. ii. p. 89 (178G). C. volubilis
Wall. List n. 3057 (1828). Psiadia volubilis Baill. Ilist. PI. viii,
p. 300 (1886). M. pyrifolia 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. i. p. 353.

GoLUNGO Alto. — A scandent shrublet or an erect shrub with the
ultimate branches climbing ; leaves alternate, beneath tomentellous
pellucidly reticulate and scattered with little glands ; capitula hetero-
gamous ; outer iuvolucral scales obtuse, hispid ; the inner ones longer,
smooth, oblong, more or less fimbriate at the apex ; the flower-heads
appear yellowish on account of the colour of the involucres ; florets
whitish" or pale-yellowish ; ray-florets pluriseriate, female, ligulate,
filiform, very slender ; hermaphrodite florets, central, few, 1 to 3,
tubular, the corolla pretty deeply 5-cleft ; anthers very shortly cordate
at the base, with obtuse auricles ; achene obovoid, scarcely obconical-
oblong, rather compressed, thinly pilose ; pappus uniseriate, setose ;
the setas straight, shortly hispidulous, whitish, beautifully cinnamon-
brown, shining ; receptacle obsoletely fimbrillate. In reed-beds by
the Delamboa, in the drier places ; fl. and fr. July 1856. No. 3410.
An undershrub, 3 to oh ft. high, sometimes almost sarmentose and
subscandent ; flowers palhd-yellowish or rather whitish. By thickets
near Cungunho in Sobato de Bumba ; fl. and fr. end of Sept. 1855.
No. 3411.

C^VZENGO. — A shrub, 4 ft. high and more, with quite patent branches
and whitish flowers tinged with violet. In secondary thickets at the
foot of Mount Muxaiilo ; fl. and fr. June 1855. A sort of " Molulu " (?).
No. 3412.

PuNGu AxDONGO.— No uotes. Fl. and fr. No. 3413.

BuMiio. — A shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high, loosely branched ; the ultimate
branchlets occasionally elongated, quasi-scandent ; leaves pellucidly
reticulate and punctate ; flowers pallid-whitish or occasionally straw-
coloured. In stony wooded places at the base of the mountains of
Serra da Chella, near Chao de Chella, sporadic, and between Bumbo
and MumpuUa ; sparingly in fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 3409.

2. M. angolensis O. & IL, I.e.

GoLUNGO Alto.— A herb, 2 ft. high, with pallid -yellowish flowers.
On grassy declivities about the base of the mountains of Serra de Alto
Queta, at Sange ; fl. and fr. July 1856. No. 3917. At Quibixe ; fl.
and fr. July 1855. No. 3919.

Zkngas do Qukta.— An erect herb, 2 to 2i ft. high, with the habit
of an Er'/fjeron ; capitula heterogamous ; ray-florets bi-or pluri-seriate,
female, with patent linear ligules of a very pallid-sulphur colour ; disk-
florets tubular-campanulate, 5-cleft, yellow, the anther-tube exserted.
On rather dry declivities among the mountains of the Central Queta ;
fl. and fr. 15 Sept. 1856. No. 3918.

This plant is a robust herb with a woody rootstock ; it has usually
been described as an erect shrub of 3 to 5 ft.

550 Lxxi. COMPOSITE. [yido7-eUa

17. NIDORELLA Cass. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 282.

1. N. resedifolia DC. Prodr. v. p. 322 ^^"^fi^; Harv. & Sond.
Fl. Cap. iii. p. 88 (resedcefolia) (1865).

Var. humilis. Rootstock creeping, wiry-woody, perennial ;
stems 6 to 1 3 in. high, erect or ascending, simple below from near
the base.

HuiLLA. — Flowers yellow. In bushy pastures on the right bank of
the river of Lopollo, abundant ; ti. and fr. Oct. and Dec. 1859.
No. 3978. Flowers yellowish. At the outskirts of forests near
Catumba ; fl. Dec. 1859. No. 3979. A form with toothed or almost
laciniate-pinnate leaves collected in the same place. Catumba ; 11. and
fr. Jan. 1860. No. 3980.

2. N. solidaginea DC, I.e. ; Harv. & Sond., I.e., p. 89.
Microglossa angolensis, var. linearifolia 0. HofFm. in Bol. Soc.

Bret. xiii. p. 22 (1896), quoad Nos. Welw.

HuiLLA. — Flowers yellow. In w^ooded sandy meadows near
Lopollo ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859. No. 3418. In wooded thickets from
Ferrao da Sola towards Jau ; fl. and fr. April 1860 ; seen only in that
locality. No. 3419.

18. MARSEA Adans. Fam. PI. ii. p. 122 (1763).

Conyza Less. p.p. (1832) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 283 ;
non L.

In the first edition of the Species Plantarum Linnteus had
eleven species of Conyza, none of which are now retained therein ;
they belong to Vernonia, Sericocarpus, Pluchea, Inula, and
Neurolcena. In the tenth edition of the Systema Naturae,
published in 1759, Linnseus had two additional species, now
referred to Vernonia and Pluchea respectively ; in later publica-
tions, posterior to Adanson, I.e., he had nine other species of
Conyza, belonging to Vernonia, Placus, Pterocaulon, and Phag-
7talon ; the whole of the Linnean species, therefore, disappear
from Conyza. Marsea was established by Adanson as a genus,
with Baccharis ivcefolia L. {C. ivcefolia Less.) as its type, and
was differentiated from Conyza L. {Conysa).

1. M. persicifolia.

Erigeron persieifolium Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 430 (1849).
Conyza per sicif folia 0. & H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 312.

GoLCXGO Alto. — An undershrub, 2 to 4 ft. high ; branches fistular,
spreading, often irregularly bent or pendulous ; flowers very pale-
ochroleucous ; ligulate florets absent. At the outskirts of thickets
near Canguerasange, sporadic ; fl. and fr. end of Oct. and 1 Dec. 1854.
No. 3916.

Ambaca.— A tree-shaped shrub, 5 to 8 ft. high ; the trunk scarcely
^- in. thick, erect or leaning, patently branched towards the apex ;
branches elongated, almost virgate. Ligulate florets absent ; disk-
florets yellow, concealed in the pappus as it develops. In thinly-bushy
places near Ambaca ; fl. and fr. beginning of Aug. 1856. No. 3915.

2. M. aegyptiaca.

Erigeron oigyptiacum L. Mant. PI. (i.), p. 112 (1767). Conyza

Marsea] lxxi. composit.e. 551

cegypiiaca Ait. Hort. Kew., edit. 1, iii. p. 183 (1789); O. & H.,
I.e., p. 314.

Ambriz.— Quisembo ; fr. Nov. 1853. No. 3429.

GoLUNCJO Alto.— A bei-b, 2.1 to 3i ft. high, bright green in the
living state ; flowers yellowish. In moist places at the outskirts of
palm-groves, near Trombeta and Cambondo, rather rare ; fl. and fr.
June 1855. No. 3431. In sparingly grassy hilly places near N-delle ;
fl. and fr. April and May 185G. No. 3428. No notes. Fr. No. 3426.
Herbaceous, 2 to 3 ft. high ; branches crowded ; leaves ligulate-
lanceolate, dentate ; capitula globose, straw-coloured. Sobato de
Bango ; fr. Dec. 1854. Coi.i,. Carp. GG3.

PuxGO AxDoNCio. — An annual herb ; stem ascending or sub-erect,
2 to 3 ft. high, branched, patently pilose, leafy : florets pale-yellowish;
habit of Erigrron. In wooded bushy sandy places between the
presidium and Luxillo ; fl. and fr. May 1857. No. 3432.

Hrii.LA. — Flowers yellowish. In the wooded meadows of the Erne,
amongst tall herbs ; fl. and fr. Feb. 18G0. No. 3430. On sandy plains
between LopoUo and Quipungo, by the roadside near the latter place,
sporadic ; fl.-bud, Feb. 18G0. No. 3433-

Of the above Nos. 3430 and 3431 have their leaves pinnati-
partite with sublinear lobes, and have therefore been referred by
O. Hoffmann in Bol. Soc. Brot. xiii., p. 23 (18'JG) to a variety
C. Imeuriloba DC. Prodr. v., p. 385 (1836) ; No. 3432 has leaves
occupying an intermediate position between this variety and the
typical form of the species. No. 342G has the pedicels of the capitula
ranging up to 3 in. long and the achenes nearly glabrous ; it thus
approaches C. se/ie//alensls Willd. ; tte pappus, however, is somewhat
reddish.

3. M. spartioides.

Conyza spartioides 0. Hoffm. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xx. p. 224.

I have not seen the type of Hoffmann's plant, but the descrip-
tion of it agrees fairly well with the following, except that the
involucral bracts are said to be oval in Hoffmann's species.

An erect somewhat scabrid perennial herb, H to 2 ft. high,
with the habit of a rush ; rootstock more or less creeping, woody ;
stems and branches strict, almost leafless, silicate, angular, rather
shining, scattered with short hispid hairs arising from hard
thickened bases ; leaves alternate, few, suberect, sublinear,
pointed, rather thickened at the sessile base, entire, somewhat
hispid-scabrid, ^ to l in. long ; capitula heterogamous, disciform,
hemispheroidal, ^ to 1 in. in diameter, many-flowered, on very
short pubescent bracteate pedicels, a few together in small
pedunculate clusters arranged in a terminal subcorymbose cyme
^in. in diameter ; involucral scales obtuse or subacute, puberulous
on the back, sublinear or linear-oblong, uninerved, pauciseriate,
subequal in length, i in. long or a little longer, narrowly sub-
scarious and ciliolate on the margin ; bracts on the pedicels few.
resembhng the involucral scales ; hermaphrodite florets numerous,
multiseriate, central, ^ in. long or a little longer ; corolla narrowly-
funnel-shaped, from a quasi-stipitate base, se.ssile-glandular out-
side, yellow, shortly 5-lobed, those of the female flowers small
and slender : the lobes triangular : anthers obtuse at the base,

552 Lxxi. COMPOSITE. [Marsea

produced at the apex into short triangular-lanceolate pointed
appendages; style glabrous or nearly so up to its 2 short
lanceolate acute narrow included hispidulous-ciliate branches ;
ovary very short, scattered with some long pallid spreading hairs,
with a broad callus at the base ; female florets outer, pauciseriate,
narrowly tubular, rather shorter than the hermaphrodite florets
but with the ovary longer than in them ; young achene some-
what compressed, rather broader upwards, Jj in. long, hairy ;
basal callus perforated ; pappus sub-biseri'ate, setose, straw-
coloured, Jj i^- l*^"g > ^he setae numerous, unequal, setulose ;
receptacle depresso-convex, shallowly pitted, beset except about
the circumference with subpaleaceous sette.

Ambaca. — On wooded hills near Puri-Cacarambola, sparingly, in
company with Pnll/cJun pJn/fudo/des ; (Welw. herb. No. 5450) ; fl. and
young fr. Oct. 1856. No. 4005.

The general appearance of the plant suggests the genus Nidorella,
but the technical characters are rather of Marsea.

'4. M. Gouani.

Erigeron Gouani L. Mant. PI. alt. p. 469 (1771). Conyza
Gouani Willd. Sp. PI. iii. p. 1928 (1800); O. & H., I.e., p. 316.

Ambaca. — A herb, apparently biennial, with the habit of an
Ericferon ; stem ascending, branched in the upper part ; florets
yellowish. In the gravelly beds of dried-up rivulets between Canaulo
and Cabinda. and from the latter towards Izanga ; fl. and fr. Oct.

1856. No. 3439.

PuXGO Andoxgo. — Stoloniferous. In wet wooded meadows
between Luxillo and Cazella ; fl. and young fr. April 1857. This is
probably the plant referred to by Welwitsch in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii.,
p. 154 (1859), as a kind of Erigeron. No. 3425. A herb with erect
stems from a perennial rootstock, 1 to 3 ft. high and yellowish flowers.
In the rocky thickets of Valle de Cabondo, rather rare ; fl. Feb.

1857. No. 3438.

HuiLLA.— At LopoUo ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859. No. 3423. Flowers
yellowish. In rich pastures near LopoUo ; fl. Jan. 1860. No. 3424.
In places of cultivation near Lopollo ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1860. Root
prsemorse, flbrous ; stem 3 ft. high, sparingly branched. One
specimen, copied for the British Museum set. No. 3437.

5. M. pyrrhopappa.

Conyza fyrrlioixippa Schultz Bip. ex A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i.
p. 389 (1847); O. & H., I.e., p. 318. Erigeron 2>y'>")'h,02)a2)pus
Schultz Bip. in Schweinf. Fl. ^thiop. (i.), p. 147 (1867).

Huii-LA. — An undershrub, 2 to 3 ft. high. In neglected fields in
the Lopollo country ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1859 and end of Jan. 1860.
No. 3427.

This plant by number is quoted by 0. Hoffmann in Bol. Soc. Brot.
xiii., p. 23 (1896), as belonging to M. Gouani.

6. M. stricta.

Conyza stricta Willd., I.e., p. 1922 (1800); 0. & H., I.e.

Ambaca.— An annual or more frequently a biennial herb, erect,
with the habit nearly of Erigeron, simple stem, and sordid-yellowish
flowers. In sandy and gravelly places along the banks of the streams

Marsea] lxxi. composit/E. 553

between Quibinda and Izanga, not common ; fl. and fr. Oct. 185G.
No. 3421.

HuiiJ.A. — Flowers yellowish. On expo.'^ed hills at the borders of
fields and among crops ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1800. No. 3422. In fields
after a crop of Andropogoii Soiyj/tuni, Brot., near Lopollo ; fl. and fr.
Feb. and May 1860. A pubescent strictly erect simple herb, 1^ ft.
high. One specimen. No. 3436.

19. PSIADIA Jacq. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 284.

1. P. arabica Jaub. & Spach, Illustr. PL Orient, iv. p. 85,
tt. 352, 353 (1850-53) ; O. & H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 319.

HriLi.A. — A slender shrublet, 3 to 4 ft. high, with red stem and
yellow flowers. In thickets at the outskirts of the forest, near lake
Ivantala ; fl. and ft-, end of Feb. 18G0. No. 3912. A glutinous little
shrub, 21 in. high or more, branched at the root, remarkable by reason
of its foliage and inflorescence exuding a gummy resin. In shrubberies
between MumpuUa and Nene ; fl.-bud Oct. 1851). No. 3913. Flowers
yellowish. In thickets composed of Dnranta erecta L. (VVelw. Herb,
no. 5760), and Clerodendron (Welw. Herb. no. 5763), near Lopollo,
sporadic ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859. No. 3914.

Our specimens differ from the form of the plant usual in other parts
of troijical Africa by their finely serrulate willow-like leaves, and the
serratures are nearer together and more constantly present than in
the type of the species.

2. P. lyciodes Hiern, sp. n.

A nearly glabrous shrublet, 3 to 4 ft. high, with the habit
nearly of Lycium ; stems numerous, ca^spitose, virgate-oblique ;
branches rather slender, pallid-purplish, subterete, sulcate striate,
leafy ; branchlets often inclined in one direction and very leafy;
leaves alternate, narrowly oblanceolate-linear, obtuse or somewhat
pointed at the apex, attenuate towards the sessile or subsessile
base, rather fleshy, viscid, dull yellowish-green on both faces,
1^ to 2 in. long by ^V ^^ \ ^^- bi'oad, entire ; capitula disciform,
campanulate-oblong, i in. long, i in. in diameter, many-flowered,
subsessile in small clusters or some on short peduncles, arranged
in small sub-thyrsoid cymes terminating the lateral shoots or
branches ; involucral bracts pluriseriate, unequal, lanceolate or
sublinear, obtuse, imbricate, yellowish or straAv-coloured with
greenish midrib, glandular-puberulous, ciliate, the inner ones
ranging up to 1 in. long, the outer ones gradually shorter ; corollas
yellow, not exserted, those of the central hermaphi'odite florets
narrowly tubular, shortly 5-lobed, those of the numerous outer
female florets very slender, rather shorter than or scarcely
equalling the former ; the lobes oval-oblong, obtuse, minvitely
sessile-glandular outside ; anthers obtuse, entire, not sagittate at
the base; style glabrous, shortly bilobed, the branched with
narrow acute tips ; ovary somewhat compres.sed, glabrovis, or
minutely sessile-glandular, small ; pappus setose, straw-coloured,
uniseriate, about as long as the corollas of the hermaphrodite
flowers, easily detached ; the setae straight, erect, barbellate ;
receptacle convex, irregularly pitted and shortly fimbi'illate, not
paleaceous ; ripe achenes not seen.

554 Lxxi. COMPOSIT/E. [Psiadia

Mosi^AMEDES.^ — la sandy submaritime places to the north of the
town, very plentiful but seen only in one spot ; very few specimens
in fl. beginning of July 1859. No. 3977.

None of the florets appear to be ligulate.

3. P. incana 0. & H. in Oliv. El. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 320.

HuiLLA. — A slender shrublet, with the habit of a Solhhtgo, 5 ft.
high or a little taller ; branches sparse, rambling ; capitula hetero-
gamous, radiate ; flowers yellow : the ray- florets ligulate, the ligules
obtuse and entire at the apex ; disk-florets hermaphrodite 5-lobed ;
style-branches exserted, shortly and densely pilose, obtuse ; achenes
pilose ; pappus uniseriate, setose, the sette remotely setulose. On
rocky sparingly bushy hills about Catumba, sporadic ; fl. and fr. April
1860. No. 3920. A branched shrub 3 to 4 ft. high, with yellow
flowers. In rocky thickets at Catumba. Perhaps one of the plants
called " Quitoco " ; fl. and fr. April 1860. No. 3921.

Our specimens differ from the type of the species by a less densely
branched and somewhat rambling habit ; they may be considered as
constituting a variety (var. vagans).

Tribe IV — Inuloide.e.

The following number, with oval, apiculate, thinly coriaceovis,
acutely toothed, alternate, petiolate leaves 2 to 3^ in. long by
1 to 2 in. broad glabrescent yellowish-green and minutely reticu-
late above whitish-felted beneath, has the habit of the genus
Brachylcuna ; but the specimens do not suffice for absolute
reference.

HuiLLA. — A shrub of 5 to G ft., apparently the fresh shoots of a
tree damaged by the burning of the woods. In mountainous rocky
rather elevated places in Morro de Lopollo, rather rare ; without
either fl. or fr. end of March 18G0. No. 3528.

20. TARCHONANTHUS L. ; Benth. & Hook, f . Gen. PI. ii. p. 288.

1. T. camphoratus L. Sp. PL edit. 1, p. 842 (1753); 0. & H. in
OHv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 321 ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 206 (1884) ;
Engl. Hocbgebirgsfl. p. 421 (1892).

HuiLLA. — A tree, exactly with the habit of a European broad-leaved
olive, attaining in the primitive forests a height of 15 to 25 ft. or
more, with its solid white-grey trunk full of cracks outside and
reaching 15 in. in diameter, and with its spreading branches and
branchlets forming a broad head ; but in the secondary woods or those
formerly burnt, only a tree of 8 to 15 ft. with rather erect branches
and branchlets ; leaves variable in shape, much larger in the young
plant than in the adult, elongate-obovate or elliptic-obovate, the top
ones lanceolate and bright green above, white- tomentose beneath with
the very short felt soft to the touch, evergreen ; capitula homogamous,
many-flowered, arranged in axillary racemes, apparently dicecious by
abortion ; corolla white, naked inside, very densely white-shaggy
outside, tubular ; the tube obconical ; the limb 5-cleft, with erect-
spreading lobes ; anthers exserted, loosely cohering or nearly free,
bi-setoseat the base ; style far exserted, scarcely or not at all bidentate
but obtusely glandular at the apex ; ovary 0 in the male plant ; re-
ceptacle shaggy, narrow. In dense mixed forests to the south of the
Lopollo colony, at Catumba, plentiful ; male fl. 11 April 1860. Timber

Tarchonantlms] hxxi. coMPOsnvE. 55&

aromatic, excellent. No. 3624. A small tree, 8 to 1 5 ft. high, or even
more, forming, together with another kind of tree, little forests in
Sobato de Mumpulla, abundant ; fl.-bud and male and female fl. Oct.
18r)9. A species of ]'/sci(iii grew on this tree. Nos. 3522 and 6745.
In the male Mowers the involucre 4-lobed, with broadly ovate lobes ;
corolla white, 5- or very rarely 4-lobed, shaggy outside, smooth
inside ; stamens 5, exserted ; style far exserted, rather fleshy ; stigma
scarcely divided ; ovary abortive ; nectary apparently none. Local
name " Pao Quicongo." Nos. 3523, 3525-7.

(}uicotigo is a name used in a collective sense in the markets at
Benguella, Loanda, and Ambriz, for various aromatic woods. The
Quicango of Huilla is a tree which, in company with that called Nocha
or Noxa {Purinari Mahula) and some .species of Leguminos.'u and
ProteacefB, constitute the principal part of the forest in the delightful
I^lateau of Huilla ; it occurs most abundantly fi'om the top of the
Serra de Xella to the neighbourhood of the great lake of Ivantala,.
forming in some places by itself extensive forests which recall the
olive woods in Portugal ; the greatest height here attained by this
tree is "20 to 25 ft. with its trunk rarely exceeding a foot thick ; but
there is reason to expect that, as with the other constituents of the
forest, it would under other circumstances become more developed and
assume larger dimensions. The principal causes of the successive
checks on the arboreal vegetation of these regions are not only the
destructive forest fires which the natives annually make for the purpose
of obtaining succulent pasturage for their numerous flocks of sheep,
but also the repeated invasions of the Munanos, whose vast encamp-
ments are always constructed at the cost of the extensive forests.

The timber is of an olive colour, becoming sometimes dark brown
or dark purple, of fine grain, very compact and durable, and thus very
suitable for turnery, furniture, and other domestic articles, with the
special recommendation of a camphor-like aroma, which enables the
natives to prepare tonic and stomachic infusions from its powder, so
that it is met with under different names in nearly all the qu'daxda^
(markets) on the coast, and fragments of it are suspended from the
necks of nearly all negro travellers in Angola. (Welw. Synopse, p. IG,
n. 41).

21. PLACUS Lour. Fl. Cochinch. p. 496 (1790).

Blumea DC. in GuUl. Arch. Bot. ii. p. 514 (1833) ; Benth. t
Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 289.

1. P. lacerus 0. Kuntze, Ptev. Gen. PL i. p. 356 (1891).

Conysa lacera Burm. f. Fl. Ind. p. 180, t. 59, fig. 1 (1768).
Blumea lacera DC. in Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind. p. 14 (1834);
0. & H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 322.

Ambriz. — Root conical, apparently annual ; stem with crowded
leaves at the base ; fr. No. 3911.

Barr.\ do Bengo. — An annual erect herb, with yellowish flowers.
In palm-groves between Quifandongo and Barro do Bengo ; fl. Dec.
185H. Antiscorbutic. No. 3896-

GoLUNdo Aj.to. — Herbaceous, 2 to 4 ft. high, the whole plant very
pleasantly fragrant with a peculiar aroma. In marshy meadows near
the base of Alto Queta, and in damp places along the left bank of
the river Coango ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1855. Called " Quitoco anti-
scorbutico." No. 3897. Between Trombeta and Cabondo ; fl. and fr.
Sept. 1854. No. 3898.

556 Lxxi. COMPOSITE. [Placus

2. p. natalensis 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. i. p. 357 (1891). Fl. Cap.
Comjza cafra DC. Prodr. v. p. 381 (1836) ; Harv. & Sond. iii.

p. 112 (1865) (co.Jfra). C. natalensis Schviltz Bip. ex Walp. Rep.
ii. p. 971 (1843). Blumea natalensis Schultz Bip., I.e.

MosSAMEDES. — An erect annual herb, branched from the base, 6 to
8 in. high, with the habit of an Erigeron ; florets violet-purple. In
sandy thickets at the Garganta or mouth of the Bero, many specimens
but sporadic : fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 3414.

3. P. gariepinus 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. i. p. 357 (1891).
Blumea gariejnna DC. p. 448; Hai'v. & Sond, I.e., p. 120.
MosSAMEDES. — A suffrutescent herb, 3 ft. high or more ; stem erect,

branched from the middle ; branches erect-spreading, winged with the
decurrent leaves ; florets yellow, turning pale in drying. In gravelly
bushy places at the river Bero, near Quipola, not abundant ; fl. and fr.
July 1859. No. 3910.

22. LAGGERA Schultz Bip. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii.p. 290.

1. L. aurita Schultz Bip. ex A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. p. 393 (1847).
Conyza aurita L. f. Suppl. PI. p. 367 (1781). Blumea aurita

DC. in Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind. p. 16 (1834) ; 0. & H. in Oliv.
Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 322.

LoANDA. — A strong-scented, viscid, erect, branched, apparently
annual herb, with a Senecioid habit, and purplish florets. The scent
is somewhat like that of the aromatic Chenopodia. In flooded places
in the course of drying up, about the represa (pond) of Imbondeiro
dos Lobos, sparingly ; in fl.-bud 8 June 1858, and fl. July 1858.
No. 3894.

Ambaca. — An annual erect herb, branched from the base, with
ascending viscid-hairy branches, and yellowish flowers. In moist
bushy places on the left bank of the Caringa rivulet ; fl. and fr. June
1855. No. 3895.

HuiLLA. — Flowers purplish. In moist meadows (varzeas) between
Catumba and Ohay ; fl. end of March 1860. Perhaps the variety
(Bgyptiaca of B. aunta DC. Prodr. v. p. 449 (1836). No. 3909.

No locality nor notes ; fr. annual. A poor specimen, probably this
species. No. 3933-

2. L. purpurascens Schultz Bip., I.e., p. 395.

Bli(,me pterodonta DC. in Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind. p. 16 (1834).
B. jmi'purascens A. Rich., I.e., i. p. 395 ; Serratula polygona A.
Rich., I.e., i. p. 457, t. 62. L. pterodonta Schultz Bip. in Schweinf.
Beitr. Fl. iEthiop. p. 151 (1865) ; 0. & H., I.e., p. 324.

HuiLLA. — On wooded hills along the road towards Catumba in the
Lopollo country ; without fl. beginning of April 1860. The species
was so determined by Welwitsch. No. 3899.

3. L. alata Schultz Bip. ex Oliv. in Trans. Linn. See. xxix. p. 94,
187 (1873) ; 0. & H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 326.

Conyza alata Roxb. Hort. Beng. p. 61 (1814). Blumea alata
DC, I.e., p. 448.

GoLUNGO Alto.— Flowers purplish. In moist parts of Yarzea do
Isidro, among tall grasses ; fl. and fr. July 1856, A form with much

Laggera] lxxi. coMrosiT/E. 557

smaller capitula and narroAver leaves than in the common one. Xo. 3900.
A strict herb, 2\ to 4 ft. high ; leaves in the living state glaucescent-
green, rather rigid and spreading, rough ; flowers reddish. In the less
dense wooded elevated pai-ts of the Queta mountains, rather rare ; fl.
and fr. middle of May 185G. No. 3901. An erect annual herb, 1 to
3A ft. high, with nodding capitula and rosy flowers. In moist places at
the outskirts of forests about Sange and Bango, abundant ; fl. and fr.
July 1855. No. 3902.

4. L. brevipes O. & H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 327.

Ami'.aca. — A robust, dichotomously branched herb, 4 to 4^ ft. high,
with reddish flowers. In bushy places on the left bank of the Caringa
stream ; fl. and fr. June 1855. No. 3905.

GoLUNGO Alto. — A tall biennial or triennial herb, 4 to 5 ft. high,
branched from the base, the whole plant pleasantly aromatic almost
like ^[eHi^sa officinalis L. In moist places along the banks of the river
Coango by the lower thickets, not abundant ; fl. not fully developed at
the beginning of June 1H56 ; fl. Aug. No. 3904-

Hi'iLLA. — A bright-green annual or biennial herb, 3 to 4 ft. high or
exceptionally <> ft. ; flowers purphsh. In hilly places among rather tall
bushes along the Catumba forests ; fl. April 1860. Used as a medicinal
plant by the negroes. No. 3903.

23. PLUCHEA Cass, in Bull. Soc. Philom., (Feb.) 1817, p. 31 ;
Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 290. Gynema Rafin. Fl. Ludov.
p. 63 (1817).

1. P. ovalis DC. Prodr. v. p. 450 (1836) ; O. & H. in Oliv. Fl.
Trop. Afr. iii. p. 328 ; O. B offm. in Bol. Soc. Brot. xiii. p. 23.

Bumbo. — A melancholy shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high ; branches erect-
spreading, downy, winged with the decurrent leaves : flowers yellow.
In sunny rocky places scattered with trees, above Bumbo, in the ascent
of the mountains of Serra da Chella, at an elevation of 2500 to 3000 ft. ;
fl. and young fr. Oct. 1859. No. 3434.

2. P. Dioscoridis DC, I.e. ; O. & H., I.e., p. 329.

Baecharis dioscoridis L. Cent. PI. i. p. 27, n. 80 (1755), cf.
Conyaa odora? Forsk. Fl. JEgypt. pp. Ixxiii, 148 (1775).

AMP.RIZ. — A suffrutescent herb or even shrubby, with several stems,
attaining 5 ft. in height, shortly branched towards the apex, remarkably
and very agreeably aromatic ; capitula heterogamous, many-flowered ;
the florets of the outer rows female, filiform, with truncate or more
frequently tridentate ligules ; the central florets few, liermaphrodite ;
anthers with acute rather long tails at the base ; achenes cylindrical,
sulcate ; pappus uniseriate, rather livid, not scabrous. Heights of
Ambriz ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. The true " Quitoco " of the negroes.
No. 3927.

IcoLO K Bengo. — A shrub of 4 to 6 ft., rarely higher, branched from
the base ; branches and branchlets patent : leaves rather limp, aromatic ;
flowers violet-rosy ; styles of the central florets thick, rather bristly,
their branches often cohering. In bushy places flooded in summer by
the river Bengo, from Praia as far as Tandambondo, abundant ; fl. and
fr. Sept. 1857. It appears that the Quitoco occurring in the coast
region is a different plant. No. 3926.

LoANDA.— Calumbo ; fl. and fr. April 1858. Called " Quitoco
pequeno," that is, small Quitoco ; believed to be the plant used there

558 Lxxi. COMPOSIT/E. [Pluchea

by women, ia the form of a decoction, for procuring abortion. The
branchlets were given to Welwitsch by Freiro. No. 3924.

PuNiiO AxDoNCo. — A shrub as tall as a man or an undershrub ;
flowers lilac. In damp places near Salinas de Dungo in Sobato Canhaco,
amid tall grasses ; fl. and fr. March 1 857. " Quitoco." No. 3925.

MosSAMEDEs. — An aromatic shrub or usually only an undershrub ;
flowers purple. In thickets along the banks of the river Bengo, rather
rare ; fl. and fr. July and August 1859. No. 3922. A shrub, 5 ft.
high, with purplish flowers. In moist thickets at the river Maiombo ;
fl. and fr. June 18(30. A kind of Quitoco. No. 3923.

The name Quitoco is used in Brazil for another species of the genus,
namely, P. Qiiitoc DC. ; in Angola it is used also for Placus lacerus
0. Kuntze. See Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 208 (1884).

24. EPALTES Cass. ; Beiith. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 293.

1. E. brasiliensis DC. Prodr. v. p. 461 (1836); O. & H. in
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 331.

Ethulia brasiliensis Link, Enum. Herb. Berol. ii. p. 310 (1822).
Erigerodes hi'asiliense 0. Kuntze, Ptev. Gen. PI. i. p. 335 (1891).
Prince's Island.— Mountainous region ; fl. Sept. 1853. No. 3520.

2. E. garipina Steetz in Peters, Mossamb. Bot. (ii.), p. 451
(1863); O. & H., I.e., p. 332 (gariepina) ; Ficalho, PL Uteis,
p. 209 (1884).

Ethulia? gariepina DC, I.e., p. 13. Erigerodes gariepinum
0. Kuntze, I.e.

MossAMEDES. — An undershrub, becoming in old age very woody and
almost a little shrub, 1 to 2j ft. high ; stem with numerous straight
branches decurrent-winged, both as well as the foliage scattered with
small branny scales ; flowers of a bright violet colour ; aroma of the
whole plant very agreeable as in some species of Placus. In sandy
and rocky places flooded in summer, in company with Ebenacefe (Eiicleu
pseudebewis E. Mey. ; Herb. No. 2544), behind the town along the
banks of the river Bero, in Prata de Carpenteiro, not uncommon ; fl.
July 1859. " Carqueja Bernardini." No. 3521. A perennial herb ;
stems numerous, nearly erect, 2 ft. high, corymbosely branched ;
flowers rosy- violet. At Boca do Rio Bero ; fl. and fr. June 1800.
Coll. Cap.p. 97.

25. SPH^RANTHUS L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 294.

1. S. hirtus Willd. Sp. PL iii. p. 2395 (1800) ; 0. & PI. in Oliv.
Fl, Trop. Afr. iii. p. 334 ; non Gaertn.

S.senegalensis DO. Prodr. v. p. 370 (1836).

Barra do Bex(;o and Loanda. — An annual prostrate herb, with
ascending branchlets and rosy flowers ; in clayey and sandy places
flooded in summer near Imbondeiro dos Lobos, not uncommon ; fl. and
fr. June and July 1853. An annual fragrant herb, sometimes scarcely
2 in. high, in other cases nearly 2 ft., growing in dense masses ; leaves
scarcely properly termed lanceolate but rather ovate-spathulate,
agreeing in other respects with the description of S. senegalensis DC. ;
capitula violet-rosy, elegant ; in wooded places (with Adansonia
digitata B. Juss.) flooded in the rainy season between Teba and
Quicuxe ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1853 and May 1854. In muddy places

Sphceranthus] lxxi. composit^e. 559

flooded in summer near Imbondeiro dos Lobes and between Quicuxe
and Cacuaco, plentiful ; fl. and fr. June 1858. No. 3508.

2. S. angolensis O. Hottm. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xx. p. 228
(16 Nov. 1894).

LinoxtiO. — On the dried-up mud of the lakes along the river Lifune
near Libongo, abundant ; fl. mostly fallen, Aug. 1858. No. 3509.

26. PHAGNALON Cass. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen PI. i. p. 304.

1. P. saxatile Cass, in Bull. Soc. Philom., 1819 (Nov.), p. 174.

Gnaphaliniii saxatile L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 857 (1753). Gonyza
saxatilis L. Sp. PI., edit. 2, p. 120G (1763). Gnaphalon saxatile
Lowe, Man. Fl. Mad. i. p. 438 (1868).

Island of Madeira. — In stony places between Funchal and Camara
dos Lobos ; fr. Aug. 1853. Only one specimen. No. 3944.

27. ACHYROCLINE DC. Pi-odr. vi. p. 219 (1837); Bentb.
& Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 305.

Gnaphalium, Sect. Achyrocline Less. Syn. Compos, p. 332 (1832).

1. A. Hochstetteri Schultz Bip. ex A. Pdch. Fl. Abyss, i. p. 429
(1847) ; O. et H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 339.

Huii.i-A. — At the banks of nearly dried up streams by the road
towards Jau, amongst tall herbage ; not yet in fully open fl. end of
March 1860. No. 3471.

28. GNAPHALIUM L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 305.

1. G. luteo-album L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 851 (1753) ; 0. & H.
in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Air. iii. p. 343.

Barra do Daxde. — An annual herb, mostly branched from
the base, 1 to Ih ft. high ; involucral scales pellucid-stramineous ;
flowers yellowish. In swampy places about lakes on the right bank of
the river Daude, near Bomba, here and theie ; fl. and fr. end of Sept.
1858. No. 3465.

Zexza do G<>Lrx(;o, — In damp bushy places between Calumguembo
and the Mongolo mountains ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1854. No. 3464.

GoLUXGo Alto. — An erect silky-hoary little herl), with yellow
flowers. In thinly bushy places at the river (Juiapoze ; fl. and fr.
July 1856. No. 3470.

PuxGO AxDoxco.— No notes. Fl. and fr. No. 3466.

Mossamedes. — An annual herb, branched from the base, with
ascending stems, 1 to Ii ft. high. In sandy places at the banks of the
rivers Bero and Giraul, abundant ; fl.-bud July 1859. No. 3469.

Huilla. — In hilly places near Humpata, amongst low bushes ;
fl. and fr. April 18G0. No. 3467. Flowers yellow-whitish. In
exposed sandy places about LopoUo, not common ; fl. and fr., May
1860. No. 3468- Flowers whitish. In exposed sandy places by
streams near Lopollo : fl. and fr. jNIay ISlid. This has white scarious
tips to the involucral scales and limp foliage : it differs somewhat
from the type of the species and was considered distinct by Welwitscb.
No. 3453. In the pastures of jNIumpulla ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 3488.

36

560 Lxxi. COMPOSIT.E. [Gnajj/ialium

2. G. indicum L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 852 (1753).

G. niliacum Spreng. Syst. Veg. iii. 480 (1826); 0. & H., I.e., -p. 344.

LoANDA. — Involucral scales ovate-lanceolate, straw-yellowish or
very pallid, hyaline, the midrib from the base to the middle always
green and broad. By muddy drying-up pools between Loanda and
Camama near the Calumba road ; fl. and fr. June 1858. No. 3462.

Barra do Dande. — Leaves, even the cauline ones, distinctly
petiolate ; capitula whitish-yellowish, with straw-yellowish rather
shining involucral scales. In drying-up marshes about lakes near Bombo
at the river Dande, not common ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1858. No. 3463.

GoLUXGO Aj.to. — At the outskirts of thickets and in gravelly places
by the Chixi rivulet, not common ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1854. No. 3459.

MossAMEDES. — In sandy-muddy damp places at the banks of the
river Bero, abundant ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 3460.

HuiLLA. — In pastures flooded in the rainy season between MumpuUa
and Nene ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 3461.

29. ELICHRYSUM Adans. Fam. PI. ii. p. 122 (1763); Gaertn.
Fruct. ii. p. 404 (1791).

Trichandrum Neck. Elem. Bot. i. p. 84 (1790). Hdichrysum Pers.
Syn. PI. ii. p. 414 (1807) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 309.

1. E. pachyrhizum Harv. in Harv. & Send. Fl. Cap. iii. p. 222
(1865), {Helichrysum) ; 0. & H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 346.

HuiLLA. — In rocky hilly places between MumpuUa and Nene ; fl.
and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 3484.

Our specimens are of a low stunted habit, 3 to 4 in. high, more like
the South African form from the Aapjes river in the Transvaal cited
by Harvey than that from South Central Tropical Africa mentioned
in Oliver's Flora ; the latter approaches nearer to the following forms,
which are here considered as varieties : —

Var. huillense.

A perennial herb, silvery-tomentose throughout; rootstock
thick, many-headed ; stems numerous, crowded in a cfespitose
manner, 8 to 12 in. long, mostly straight and unbranched for
about half their length except the base, leafy, often glabrate in
lower part ; branches mostly straight or nearly so, densely leafy ;
leaves sublinear, obtuse, sessile, alternate, crowded, entire, moi-e
or less spreading or recurving, j to -b^ in. long, not decurrent,
rather thick ; capitula purple, campanul.ate-oblong, sessile or
subsessile, ^ to i in. long, several together crowded in sub-
hemispherical head ^ to ^ in. in diameter, about 20-flowered,
homogamous, with some loose wool at the base ; involucral scales
pluriseriate, mostly hyaline except the midrib near the base,
usually purple about the middle ; the inner ones oval or obovate,
obtuse, glabrous, exceeding the corollas ; the outer ones oblong,
obtuse or subacute, shorter than the inner, often somewhat woolly
at the back ; florets all hermaphrodite ; corolla yV in. long, yellow,
glabrous except the minutely glandular lobes ; ovary glabrous or
nearly so ; pappus rather longer than the corolla, setose, white,
the setse unisei-iate, very nearly smooth ; receptacle naked.

HuiLLA. — In very elevated pastures in Morro de Lopollo ; fl. end of
ApnllSeO. No. 3501.

Elichrysum'] lxxi. composit/E. . 561

Var. mossamedense.

A low wiiy herb, annual or perhaps persisting for several
years ; rootstock long, descending in a more or less twisted
manner, hard or somewhat woody, giving off at its crown several
prostrate or decumbent stems ; stems nearly simple below or more
or less branched, floccose-lanate or glabrescent below, rather
slender ; leaves alternate, subliuear or oblanceolate, obtuse or
somewhat pointed and often nigro-apicuLite at the apex, not
very narrow at the sessile non-decurrent base, more or less hoary-
woolly on both faces or sub-obsoletely so, nearly flat or with
revolute margins, rigid, ^ to 1 in. long, entire or slightly wavy on
the margins ; capitula rosy-red when young, yellowish at the
time of flowering, campanulate-oblong, i to i in. long, subsessile
or sessile, usually with some loose wool at the base, about
20-flowered, homogamous, crowded many or several together in
sessile terminal hemispherical or subglobose clusters ~ to '^ in. in
diameter ; involucral scales pluriseriate, imbricate, obovate or
oblanceolate, thinly hyaline and white (in the dry state) except
the unguiculate basal part, glabrous, rounded and occasionally
cleft at the white apex, suberect or those of the outer capitula
often ■with squarrose or revolute tips, usually somewhat rosy
about the middle, the innermost ones about equalling the corollas,
the outer ones successively rather shorter; florets all hermaphrodite;
coi"olla narrowly tubular, glabrous, yellow ; ovary scattered with
minute glands, otherwise glabi'ous ; pappus pale-straw-coloured
or whitish (in the dry state), setose, equalling the corolla, brittle,
the setie slender, nearly smooth, deciduous ; achenes scattered
with small glands ; receptacle small, naked or scattered with
minute scales, somewhat alveolate.

MosSAMEDES. — In saady places at the banks of the river Bero, very
plentiful ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 3499. In sandy bushy places at
the banks of the river Maiombo, sparingly ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859.
No. 3500. In dry sandy places at the banks of the river Bero, rather
rare ; fl. July 1859. A subglabrate elongated form. No. 3494.

2. E. helodes Hiem, sp. n.

An erect herb, with the habit of a Filago, 6 to 12 in. high,
more or less covered with a creamy-white felt ; root wiry, sinuous,
with slender fibres ; stem slender, simple below, branched in the
upper part ; branches erect or ascending, leafy, slender ; leaves
alternate, sometimes fasciculate, sublinear, obtusely pointed with
a minute glabrous dark-brown apiculus at the apex, sessile at the
rather broad not or scarcely decurrent base, |- to f in. long, the
margin entire and more or less thickened beneath ; capitula
broadly campanulate or sub-hemispherical, about -^ to Jg- in.
long, woolly at the base, glabrous above, heterogamous, discoid,
on very short woolly pedicels clustered in very dense branched
erect subglobose cymes ?j to ^ in. in diameter terminating short
lateral leafy bi-anches or on short axillary peduncles ; flowers
yellowish; hermaphrodite florets tubular, 15 to 18, some of them

562 Lxxi. COMPOSITE. [Elichrysum

subtended by scales as long as themselves; female florets few,
cii'cumferential, filiform ; involucral scales pluriseriate oblong or
obovate, glabrous, about -^ in. long, hyaline and whitish except
along the midrib near the base ; ovary minutely glandular or
glabrous, small ; pappus setose, deciduous; the setfe not numerous,
rather shorter than the corolla, minutely setulose ; receptacle
without conspicuous fimbrillte.

HuiLLA. — In very elevated marshy bushy places in Morro de
Lopollo ; fl. Dec. 1859. No. 3502. In elevated spongy thickets in
Morro de Lopollo, in company with species of Drosera and
Lycopodium ; fl. April 1860. No. 3503.

This is nearly related to E. decJhvitum (Less.).

3. E. auronitens Schultz Bip. in Flora 1844, p. 680 {Helichrysimi);
Harv. & Sond., I.e., p. 247 (//. mireonitens) .

HuiLLA. — In the very elevated peaty pastures of the Morro (Serra)
de Lopollo ; fl. and fr. April 18G0. No. 3489.

4. E. argyrosphserum DO. Prodr. vi. p. 174 (1837) {Heli-
chrysum) ; Harv. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. iii. p. 222 (1865).

HuiLLA. — In fields near Humpata ; fl.-bud April 18G0. No. 3487.
Flowers violet-purple. In places previously cultivated with plantations
of Sorghum, near Banza de Soba Lopollo ; fl. and fr. May 1860. A
subglabrous form, with the capitula clustered a few together especially
at the extremities of the branches. No. 3486.

5. E. roseo-niveum Marl. & 0. Hoffm. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. x.
p. 275 (1888) {Helichrysum) ; 0. Hoffm. in Bol. Soc. Brot. xiii.
p. 24 (1896).

MosSAMEDES. — A prostrate-ascendiug very elegant herb, annual or
possibly perennial, the whole plant densely clothed with a snowy- white
wool ; stem branched from the base ; branches spreading in all
directions, very brittle ; branchlets numerous ; capitula campanulate,
homogamous, discoid ; involucral scales pluriseriate, the outer ones
narrow, somewhat woolly, the inner ones glabrous oblong and obtuse
or abruptly pointed ; flowers bloodred-purple or somewhat greenish ;
receptacle nearly naked, not fimbrillate. In sandy places at Cazimba,
between Cabo Negro and Praia d' Amelia, a solitary specimen (6 in.
high and 15^ in. in diameter), in company with Tumhoa Bainesii
Hook. f. ; fl. Sept. 1859. Nearly related to E. H. garieinnum
(DC). No. 3485.

6. E. auriculatum Less. Syn. Gen. Comp. p. 311 (1832);
O. & H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 347 ; 0. Hoffm. in Bol.
Soc. Brot. xiii. p. 24 (1896) {Helichrysum).

Gnaplmlium patulum Berg, PI. Cap. p. 249 (1767); nee L. nee
Thunb. G. auriculatum Thunb. Prodr. PI. Cap. (ii.) p. 151 (1800).

GoLiTNGO Alto. — An undershrub, encumbering the lower thickets
with its sarmentose branches 'i^ to 6 ft. long, perennial ; the radical
leaves the largest, ovate-oblong, thick, whitish-tomentose, fallen or
dead at the time of the flowering. In the densest thickets at the base of
the mountains of Queta ; also in declivities behind Sange on the same
side, not common ; fl. and fr. July 1855. No. 3483. i

7. E. Kilimanjari Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc, ser. 2, ii. p. 338
(Oct. 1887) {IMichrysum).

Eluhrysum] Lxxi. composit.e. 563

HuiLLA. — A perennial herb ; primary stem erect, with the basal
branches ascending, 1 to U ft. high ; capitula more or less corymbose ;
involucral scales sulphur-coloured', very much shining ; florets of a
deep orange colour. On bushy hills near Lopollo, rather rare ; fl.
beginning of ]\Iarch 18()0. No. 3490.

8. E. fulgidum Willd. Sp. PI. iii. p. 1904 (1800); Harv. in
Harv. & Send. Fl. Cap. iii. p. 232 (1865) {Ihlichrijsiua).

Var. monocephalum DC. Prodr. vi. p. 188 (1837).

//. decorum Krauss in Flora 1844, p. G79 ; vix DC.

HuiLLA. — Broadly casspitose, very beautiful. In elevated rocky
thickets in Morro de Monino, only in a few spots ; fl. April I860.
No. 3495.

The white wool on the lower face of the leaves in our specimens is
often loose and deciduous ; and the stems occasionally bear two
capitula.

Var. nanum DC, I.e.

HuiLLA.— In very elevated pastures in Morro de Lopollo, root-leaves
with flowering stems, April 1860 ; in the same locality with stems 4
to 6 in. high and rather young solitary capitula, only one specimen,
May 1860. No. 3496.

9. E. Mechowianum Klutt in Ann. llofmus. Wien, vii. p. 101
(1892) {Ilelic/iri/sum) ; O. Hoffm. in Bol. See. Bret. xiii. p. 24.

GoLUNGO Alto. — A low herb, perennial, with woody rootstock
developing its flower-heads before the leaves, after the fashion of
some species of Tnssilago ; flowers golden- or deep-yellow, the capitula
occasionally turning reddish. In the more elevated reed-beds among
the mountains of Queta, flowering soon after the burning of the
plains, plentiful ; leaves, May 1855 and ]85i"> ; fl. Oct. 1855. No. 3454.
Leaves large, argenteo-tomentose. At Catomba Queimada : fl. July
1856. No. 3455.

HuiLLA. — Flowers yellowish. In bushy rocky pastures near
MumpuUa ; fl. Oct. 1859. The radical leaves, which probably appear
after the flowers, were not seen here. No. 3456.

10. E. stramineum Hiern, sp. n.

A perennial or possibly biennial herb, with a thick somewhat
woody rootstock, 3 to 4 or even 5 ft. high ; stems several ; leaves
of the short radical shoots plantaginoid, obovate or oblanceolate,
subobtnsely pointed and apiculate at the apex, cuneate-attenuate
towards the petiolate base, ei-ect, toiighly herbaceous, thinly and
appressedly woolly on botli faces, pale yellowish-tawny beneath,
rather darker or greener above, entii^e, unequally triplinerved at
the base with the strong midrib trichotomous near its middle,
5 to 8 in, long by 1^ to 2^ in. broad besides the petiole of 2 to 3 in.
long ; upper part of the flowering stems pale-yellowish -tawny or
somewhat cinereous, rather slender, loosely branched, thinly and
appressedly woolly ; leaves of the branches smaller than the root-
leaves, obovate-oblong, apiculate at the apex, the base rather
broad and somewhat clasping, entire ; capitula homogamous,
narrowly turbinate, straw-coloured, ^^ in. long or nearly so, sessile
or subsessile or very short bracteolate pedicels, 11- or 12-flowered,
several together in small clusters arranged in loosely branched

564 LXXI. COMEOSIT.E. [EUch-ysimi

oblong terminal cymes about 12 in. long by 4 to 6 in. broad ;
involucral scales pluriseriate, lanceolate or oblong, acute,
imbricate, not squarrose, scarious at least on the upper part, the
innermost ones the longest, i in. long, thinly woolly on the back
about the middle, thickened in lower half except the scarious
lateral margins ; the outer ones successively smaller and more
woolly on the back ; the ovitermost ones about |- in. long ;
bracteoles similar, small ; flowers all hermaphrodite, i in. long,
the corolla i in. long, tubular, shortly lobed, the lobes orange-
coloured in the dry state ; achene glandular papillose, otherwise
glabrovis, somewhat angular or compressed ; pappus uniseriate,
whitish, i in. long, setose ; the set^e scabrid, connate into a ring at
the base, brittle ; receptacle narrow, without conspicuous fimbrillse.
HuiLLA. — At the clayey 'sides of the Lopollo stream ; fl. and fr.
April and May 1860. No. 3479.

11. E. Steetzii O. Hoffm. in Bol. Soc. Brot. xiii. p. 25 (1896)
{^Helichrystmi).

Achyrocline Steetzii Vatke in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. xxvii.
p. 194 (1877).

HuiLLA. — A shrublet, 2 to 4 ft. high ; branches corymbose ; flowers
straw-yellow. Humpata and Mumpulla ; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 3491.

This is nearly related to E. hamidomm (DC), but it differs by the
obtuseness of the involucral scales.

12. E. benguellense Hiern, sp. n.

A slender creamy- white tomentellous undershrub, 1^ ft. high ;
stems C£espitose, subterete, smooth, the ultimate branches below
the inflorescence i-ather elongated ; leaves alternate, linear, rather
obtuse at the apex, slightly contracted towards the rather broad
sessile base, entu-e, uninerved, ranging up to nearly 3 in. long,
the margins much revolute ; capitula homogamous, narrowly
conical-oblong, ^^ in. long, 5-flowered, glabrous above, loosely
woolly at the base, sometimes sparingly sessile-glandular about
the middle, sessile or on very short loosely woolly pedicels clustered
many together in dense i-epeatedly branched terminal pedun-
culate cymes f to li in. in chameter ; involucral scales imbricate,
pluriseriate, glumaceous, creamy-white below, subhyaline above,
erect, concave, the outer ones ovate obtuse and very short, the
inner ones successively longer, more lanceolate and less obtuse,
the innermost ones sublinear, i to i in. long and subacute ;
flowers hermaphrodite, — ^^- ^o^g ; corolla narrowly tubular,
minutely sessile-glandular at the back of the lobes; achene
glabrous ; pappus whitish or of a pale straw colour, setose,
uniseriate, the setfe minutely scabrulous ; receptacle not fimbril-
liferous, small.

Bumbo. — In mountainous rocky places near the Maiombo ; in late
fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 3493.

HuiLLA.— Between Mumpulla and Nene ; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 3492.

13. E. subglomeratum Less. Syn. Gen. Compos, p. 283 (1832)
{Helichrysum); Harv, in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. iii. p. 235 (1865).

Elichri/SlCJll] LXXI. COMPOSITyE. 565

HuiLLA. — Flowers very bright yellow. In elevated bushy pastures,
in rocky situations in Morro de LopoUo ; ti. April 18(30. No. 3497-
Flowers very bright yellow. In elevated bushy pastures in Morro de
Monino ; fi. end of April 18G0. No. 3498.

14. E. leiopodium DC. Prodr. vi. p. 200 (1837) {Helichrymm) ;
Harv. in llarv. & Send. Fl. Cap. iii. p. 239 (18G5).

HuiLLA.— In the drier bushy pastures annually set on fire in the
winter, between MumpuUa and Nene ; H. Oct. 1859. No. 3472. At
MumpuUa ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 3473. In bushy pastures near
Mumpulla ; fl. June 1860. No. 3474.

This species is very nearly related to E. nud'/folium, and difficult to
be distinguished from it.

15. E. nudifolium Less. Syn. Gen. Comp. p. 299 (1832) {Ileli-
chrysum) ; Harv. in Harv. & Send. Fl. Cap. iii. p. 240.

Gnaphalium nudifolmvi L. PI. Pi,ar. Afr. p. 19, n. 56 (17G0).

AMi'.AfA. — An erect herb, apparently perennial, very sparingly
branched ; flowers deep yellow. In hilly wooded places near Puri
Cacarambola ; fl. Oct. 1856. No. 3476.

PuNiJo Andoxoo.— No notes. Fl. and fr. April 1857. No. 3477.

HuiLLA. — In the more elevated pastures, among low bushes, in
Morro de Monino, rather rare ; young fl. April 1860. No. 3475.

IG. E. Mundtii Harv. in Harv. & Send. Fl. Cap. iii. p. 243
(18G5) {Helichrysum).

HuiLLA. — Rhizome 1 to 3 ft. long, horizontal ; flowers yellowish,
nearly whitish. At the banks of the Lopollo river ; fl. beginning of
May 18G0. No. 3457.

17. E. globosum Schultz Bip. in Mohl & Schlecht. Bot. Zeit. iii.
p. 174 (1845) ; A. Pvich. Fl. Abyss, i. p. 425 (1847) {Helichrysum) ;
O. & H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 354.

Gnajjhalium (jlobosuin Schultz Bip., I.e.

PuN(;() AxDoxdo. — An erect, apparently biennial herb, with pallid-
yellowish flowers. In rocky sparingly grassy moist parts of Quilombo
near the prassidium ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1857. No. 3478.

30. ST(EBE L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 323.

1. S. cinerea Thunb. Prodr. PI. Cap. p. 169 (1800); Harv. in
Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. iii. p. 284 (1865).

HuiLLA. — A caispitose shrub, 2 to 4 ft. high ; involucral scales
scarious, not homy ; florets dark purple ; achene sulcate-striate ; seta?
of the pappus plumose, connate at the base into a ring. In dry
sandy-muddy thickets about Lopollo ; fl. April and May 1860.
No. 3482.

31. ATHRIXIA Ker; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 328.

1. A. feliciodes Hiern, sp. n.

A low scabrid perennial plant, 2 to 4 in. high, with the aspect
of Flmgnalon pcrsicum Boi^s. ; rootstock woody, cajspitosely
branched ; stems woody below, w^iry ; branches slender, numerous,
crowded, spreading and ascending, leafy, angular or very
narrowly alate by the decurrence of the leaves, dichotomous ;

566 Lxxi. COMPOSITE. [Athrixia

leaves linear-spathulate or sublinear, alternate, often crowded
and tending to spread or to curve outwards, pointed, sessile,
usually very narrowly decurrent, entire, densely scaberulous,
uninerved, i to 1 in. long, yellowish-green on both faces ; the
margins narrowly revolute ; capitula broadly campanulate, many-
flowered, heterogamous, disciform, numerous, pedunculate, ^ to ^
in. broad, terminating the branches, erect ; peduncles erect or
ascending, scaberulous, ranging up to about ^ in. long, usually
bearing one or a few bracts similar to but smaller than the
leaves, rather slender; involucral scales multiseriate, narrowly
linear-lanceolate, acute and attenuate, the inner rows glabrous
or slightly puberulous on the back, uninerved chartaceous pallid,
about i in. long, erect, the outer rows successively shorter
pubei'ulous on the back, more or less spreading or with i^ecurved
tips ; flowers multiseriate, the outer rows female barren filiform
inconspicuous, the corolla of the inner rows tubular, slender, sub-
cylindrical, narrowly funnel-shaped upwards, i in. long, shortly
5-lobed, of a Avhitish-violet colour, tender ; anthers tailed at the
base, produced at the apex in lanceolate appendages ; style-
branches of the central flowers tender, exserted, truncate at the
apex, not appendaged; those of the barren flowers narrow,
shorter ; young achenes of the hermaphrodite flowers small,
nearly glabrous, with a few short scattered setulse ; pappus
white, uniseriate, ^ in. long, the setae few, nearly smooth,
minutely scabrous above, very slender, fragile ; receptacle
depresso-convex, naked.

HuiLLA. — In stony pastures between Mumpulla and Nene ; fl. and
young fr. Oct. 1859. No. 3416.

This is nearly related to A . capemis Ker.

The two following Nos. belong to different species ; they should be
compared with Athrixia, but the specimens are too young for de-
termination : —

PuNGO Andongo. — In sandy-earthy moist meadows near Lombe ;
not yet in fl. March 1857. No. 3378.

HuiLLA. — In rather poor sandy wooded meadows between Lopollo
and Monino ; not yet in fl. beginning of April 1860. No. 3420.

32. INULA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 330.
Fentanema Cass, in Bull. Soc. Philom. (May) 1818, p. 74.
Vicoa Cass, in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser, 1, xvii. p. 418 (1829); Benth.
& Hook, f.. I.e., p. 334. £ojeria DC. Prodr. v. p. 94 (1836);
Benth. & Hook, f., I.e., p. 331.

1. I.indica L. Sp. PL, edit. 2, p. 1237 (1763); O. Hoffm. in
Bol. Soc. Brot. xiii. p. 26 (1896).

Vicoa aurieulata Cass, in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 1, xvii. p. 418 (1829);
(). & H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 362. V. inclica DC. in
Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind. p. 10 (1834). V. anrita DC. Prodr.
v. p. 474 (1836). V. appendieulata DC. Prodr., I.e.

LoANDA. — An erect annual herb, with deep-yellow, homogamous
capitula. In marshy clayey places, between Bemposta and Camama,

Inuki] Lxxi. coMrosiT.E. 567

by the Calumbo road ; fl. June 1 858. Only one specimen. Puberulous ;
leaves paler beneath, submembranous, sessile. No. 3451.

B.\RK.\ no Bencio. — An erect slender annual herb, li to 2A ft. high;
stem reddish, branched, patently ramulose ; capitula compact, homo-
gamous, yellow ; receptacle convex, tuberculate-papillose. In moist
sandy-clayey pastures between Quicuxe and Cacuaco, abundant but
only in very few spots ; fl. and fr. beginning of Aug. 18o8. No. 3449.

2. I. glomerata 0. & II., I.e., p. 359 ; O. Hoffm., I.e., p. 25.
A.MP.ACA. — A handsome perennial plant. 3 to 8 ft. high, and even

higher, resembling a Phl(im'i>> in habit ; stem erect, branched, densely
clothed, as well as the leaves and floral involucres, with a white-
yellowish felt ; flowers yellowish. In the more elevated mountainous
places near Puri-Cacarambola, not abundant, also near Halo on the
left bank of the river Lucala ; fl. middle of Oct. ISod. The lower
leaves range up to 16 in. long by 6i in. broad. No. 3453.

HuiLLA. — In wooded places at the outskirts of the forest among
tall herbage, behind Eme in the direction of Ivantala ; a flowering
branch collected in Dec. 1859, and a plant with root-leaves (ranging
up to 18 in. long) apparently belonging to the same species in Feb.
1860. No. 3450.

3. I. Welwitschii 0. lloffm., I.e.

HuiLLA. — A tall perennial herb, 3 to 5 ft. high, before the develop-
ment of the flowers resembling a Verbascnin in habit ; radical leaves
often \h ft. high, tomentose as well as the strictly erect stem ; corolla
yellow or yellowish, tubular, shortly 5-cleft, the lobes strictly erect ;
anther-base acutely tailed ; style bulbous at the base, but little or
scarcely exserted, the branches short, obtuse, often cohering ; achene
somewhat pilose, without a callus at the l^ase ; pappus uniseriate,
setose ; the seta3 about 15, straight, often quasi-fasciculate at the base.
In sparingly bushy pastures between Ferrao da Sola and Jau ; fl. and
fr. April and May and end of March 1860. No. 3452.

4. I. huiUensis Hiern, sp. n.

A perennial hispid-scaberulous herb, of a yellowish -green colour;
stem straight, firm, sulcate-striate, subtei-ete, not winged, pithy,
2| to 4 ft. high, densely hairy at the base, corymbcsely branched
above at the inflorescence, hispid with multicellular hairs ; lower
leaves obovate or narrowly oval, rounded or obtusely narrowed
and mucronulate at the apex, more or less narrowed or wedge-
shaped at the petiolate or subpetiolate base, membranous, rather
paler and less hi,spid beneath, denticulate, 8 to 10 in. long by
2 1 to 3 in. broad, the radical leaves on petioles of 1 to Ih in.
long; the intermediate leaves alternate se.ssile, more ovate and
gradually smaller ; the uppermost leaves alternate lanceolate ^ to
1 in. long ; capitula homogamous, many-flowered, discoid, sub-
hemispherical, I to 1 in. in diameter, on unequal pedicels ranging
up to 4 in. long, arranged in an open rather few-headed terminal
corymbose cyme bracteate (or leafy) especially at the divisions ;
bracts like the leaves but smaller ; involucral scales 4- or 5-seriate,
scabrid-puberulous at the back at least on the exposed parts,
yellowi.sh and rigid except the darker often revolute tips, the
inner ones Knear-lanceolate, acuminate, equalling the florets,

568 Lxxi. coMPOsiT/E. [Inula

lacerate-denticulate at the apex, yellow, about § in. long, the
outer ones successively shorter, broader, densely ciliate and less
acute or subulate, the outermost lanceolate- or ovate-oblong, sub-
obtuse, about iin. long; florets hermaphrodite, |i in. long; corollas
all narrowly tubvilar, yellow, very shortly 5-cleft, the tube ^ in.
long, glabrous, the teeth deltoid ; anthers shortly produced at
the apex, the base tailed, the tails long, acutely fringed at the
tips ; the anthers of the marginal florets apparently sterile ; style
cylindrical, glabrous, its branches erect, rather rigid, hnear
spathulate, rounded at the apex, sparingly puberulous ; achenes
narrowly cylindrical, y^j in. long, many-ribbed, scattered with
thin hairs, basal areola oblique ; pappus of a pale-straw colour,
equalling the corolla, nearly uniseriate, the setae subequal, densely
but very shortly setulose, the setulse few about the base of the
setse ; receptacle convex, not paleaceous, scattered with short
acicular sette.

HuiLLA. — In wooded meadows, among tall herbage, on the left
bank of river near Catumba in the Lopollo country, at 6000 ft.
elevation ; fl. and young' fr. May 1860. No. 3938.

This plant much resembles in habit Bojeria speciosa DC.

5. I. cuanzensis.

Porphyrostemina cuanzensis O. HofFm. in Bol. Soc. Brot. x.
p. 174 (1893). Vernonia cuanzensis Welw. ex O. Hoffm., I.e.

PuNGO Andongo. — An annual erect herb, more or less branched
or nearly simple ; branches erect, rather strict or ascending, mono-
cephalous ; flowers purplish. In sandy wooded places from Caghuy
towards Sansamanda at the river Cuanza ; fl. and fr. beginning of
April 1857. No. 3300.

The capitula are discoid and heterogamous, with the pappus uni-
seriate straw-coloured and setose in both kinds of florets ; the
setge of the pappus are 5 in the case of the female florets and 7 or 8
on the hermaphrodite florets.

33. PEGOLETTIA Cass. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 334.

1. P. senegalensis Cass, in Diet. Sc. Nat. xxxviii. p. 230 (1825);
O. & H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 361 ; J. A. Schmidt, Beitr.
Fl. Cap. Verd. Ins. p. 192 (1852).

MossAMEDES. — In sandy places on the sides of the mountains near
Quipola ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 3934. An annual, erect herb, a
foot high, with several branches towards the apex ; florets tubular,
yellow ; achenes with pappus and many deep furrows. At the Rio
do Sal along the base of Serra de Montes Negros ; fl. and fr. 13 Aug.
1859. No. 3935. An annual herb about 8 in. high ; stem ascending,
virgately branched towards the apex ; florets straw-coloured ; style-
branches short, erect, lanceolate-subclavate ; achenes almost glabrous,
marked with several ribs. In sandy bushy places at the mouth of the
river Giraul : fl. 19 July 1859. Only one specimen. No. 3936.

Cape de Vekde Islands. — An annual herb, 3 in. high ; anther-
base tailed. On the sandy hills of Praia de Mindello in the island of
St. Vincent, sparingly ; only one specimen in fr. and a few fl. Jan.
1861. A dwarf form. No. 3408.

Calostephane] Lxxi. composit.e. 569

34. CALOSTEPHANE Bentb. ; Bentli. & liook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 335.

1. C. divaricata Benth. in Itook. Ic. PI. xii. p. 11, t. 1111
(1872) ; O. k II. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 3G3.

Geigeria caleudidacea Wehv. ex O. lloffm. in Bol. Soc. Brot.
xiii. p. 26 (1896).

Mos.SAMEDES. — An annual or biennial herb, with the aspect of the
Calendulas, \\ to 2 ft. high, erect or decumbent at the base, dichoto-
mously much-branched ; stem winged ; branches slender, spreading ;
leaves pellucid-punctate, decurrent ; flowers yellow ; capitula hetero-
gamous ; ray-florets few, female, uniseriate, ligulate, 3- or 4-toothed ;
disk-florets hermaphrodite, tubular, fj-lobed, the tube glandular-papillose
and obconical below ; anthers tailed ; receptacle not paleaceous ; achenes
obcuneate, angular, hispidulous, truncate : pappus biseriate, the fj
outer paleaB short flabelliform and very obtuse, the .5 inner narrower
and terminated with a long rough seta after the fashion of the fruit
of Scablosa ; style-branches lanceolate, compressed. On the sands
of the estuary along the banks of the river Bero near the town ; fl.
and fr. July 1859. Seen also at the river Caroca. No. 3M1.

35. MOLLERA O. Hoffm. in Bol. See. Brot. x. p. 174 (1893).

1. M. angolensis 0. Hoffm, I.e.

PuxGo Andoxco. — A slender annual herb ; flowers yellow, with
spreading rays. In sandy wooded places between Quisonde and Condo ;
fl. March 1857. No. 3984.

2. M. punctulata Hiern, sp. n.

An erect, scabrid, grey-green, somewhat slender, annual herb,
7 to 1 1 in. high, simple below, corymbosely bi'anched above ; stem
and branches narrowly winged by the decnrrence of the leaves,
moderately leafy throughout ; leaves alternate or the lower ones
opposite, oblanceolate or sublinear, somewhat narrowed towards
the sessile decurrent base, mostly obtuse at the apex, ^ to 1 in.
long, scattered with small black dots, the margins cartilaginous-
revolute, dentate along the upper half; capitula heterogamous,
radiate, singly terminating the stem and branches, erect, on
peduncles ranging up to about | in. long; flowers yellow; involucre
hemispherical, about | in. in diameter, its scales sub-biseriate,
subequal, free to the base, linear, acute, about 12, hispid and
ciliate, minutely glandular ; florets of the ray female, fertile, the
ligule oblong, i in. long ; florets of the disc shorter, numerous,
hermaphrodite, fertile, tubular ; corolla-lobes acute ; anther-base
narrowly caudate ; ovary glandular, longitudinally ribbed ;
pappus 0.

HuiLLA. — In moist pastures amongst low bushes, near Lopollo ;
fl. end of March 1860. No. 3976.

3. M. huillensis Hiern, sp. n.

An erect undershrub, 1^ ft. high ; stems subterete and nodulose
below with the numerous scars of fallen leaves, puberulous and
narrowly winged above ; leaves alternate, branches numerous,
puberulous, striate, leafy, linear or oblanceolate-linear, obtusely
pointed at the apex, narrowed attenuated or spathulate towards

570 Lxxi. COMPOSITE. [JloUera

the sessile or quasi- petiolate decurrent base, finely herbaceous,
minutel)^ toothed on the apical half or subentire, scabrid-puberulous
on both sides or minutely punctulate beneath, 2 to 31 in. long by
i to ^ in. broad ; capitula heterogamous, rachate, homochromous,
yellow, broadly campanulate, i to f in. long, many-flowered ;
involucral scales paueiseriate, imbricate, linear-oblong or -lanceo-
late, erect subacute, pubescent on the back, not very unequal,
i to i in. long ; receptacle naked ; ray-florets female, uniseriate,
rather few ; ligule puberulous on the back, glabrous on the face,
oblong, tridentate at the tip, spreading or recurved ; disk-florets
hermaphrodite, pluriseriate, numerous, unequal, tubular, mostly
exceeding the involucre; corolla puberulous outside, shortly
5-cleft ; anthers about equalling the corolla, glabrous, produced
at the apex in lanceolate appendages, caudate at the base, the
tails slender; style about equalling the corolla, the branches
short, lanceolate-linear, somewhat flattened, rounded not truncate
at the apex ; achenes glabrous or minutely papillose, somewhat
angular, short ; pappus obsolete, represented by a narrow crenulate
or lobulate glabrous ring.

HuiLLA. — In wooded rocky thickets between Mumpulla and Lopollo
or Nene, at an elevation of 4000 to 4500 ft.; fl. and young fr. Oct. 1859.
No. 4004.

36. GEIGERIAGriessel.;Benth.&Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 337;
0. Hofi'm. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. i. p. 79 (Feb. 1893).

Tkysanurus 0. Hoffm. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam.
iv. 5, p. 127 (1889).

1. G. acaulis Benth. & Hook. f. ex Vatke in Oesterr. Zeitschr.
XXV. p. 327 (1875); 0. & H. in Oliv. PI. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 368 ;
non O. Kuntze.

MusSAMEDES. — On rocky bushy slopes between Pomangala and
Quitibe, here and there abundant but the flowers nearly all fallen,
beginning of June 1860. No. 3480. A herb, either annual or probably
biennial or triennial according to locality or degree of exposure ; stems
short, prostrate ; leaves narrowly lanceolate, spread out on the ground
in a stellate manner ; outer involucral scales green at the base, purple
at the tip : florets yellow. In rocky places at the banks of the river
Bero, rather rare, July 1859. No. 3481. In hilly mountainous places
bet-ween Pomangala and Quitibe ; fr. Oct. 1895. Coll. Carp. 957.

2. G. linosyroides Welw. ms. in Herb., sp. n.

A glabrous or subglabrous shrublet, 6 to 8 in. high ; rootstock
very thick, perennial, woody, many-headed ; stems numerous,
erect or ascending, branched at the base or simple, occasionally
branching near the apex, slender, wiry, subherbaceous, glabrous,
somewhat angular with the narrow decurrence of the leaves,
leafy : leaves alternate, sublinear very narrowly elliptical or
oblanceolate, subacute, apiculate, sessile, narrowly decurrent,
rigid, thickly herbaceous, glabrous or occasionally scattered with
a few setulfe, suberect, pale yellowish-green, impressed on both
faces with small scattered darker-green points, uninerved or occa-

Geigeria] Lxxi. composite, 571

sionally with the midrib branched a little above its base, flat or
nearly so, } to 1 in. long, the margin narrowly cartilaginous, entire ;
capitula heterogamous, radiate, xantho-homochromous, many-
flowered, solitary, terminal or subterminal, sessile or subsessile,
erect, with a campanulate not turbinate base and a spreading
apex ; involucre about }^ in. in diameter ; involucral scales pluri-
seriate, imbricate, more or less acute, glabrous at least below, the
outermost ones foliaceous, :^ to ^ in. long, the intermediate ones
scale-like witli terminal foliaceous appendages some of them
shorter than the outermost foliaceous ones, the innermost broadly
lanceolate, gradually acuminate to an acute apex, wholly scarious,
ciliolate on the margin, a little shorter than the florets of the
disk ; ray-florets few, female, the corolla ligulate, the ligule
yellow, spreading, recurved, nerved, tridentate at the apex, style-
branches elongated and far-exserted ; corolla of the hermaphrodite
multiseriate disk-florets tubular, membranous, yellow, 5-cleft,
the lobes lanceolate, erect-connivent, truncate-denticulate at the
apex ; anthers produced at the apex into narrowly lanceolate
acute appendages and at the base into filiform tails ; style-
branches similar to those of the ray-florets, long, slender, almost
subulate ; achenes of the disk-florets rather short (ttV in. long),
somewhat compressed and obconical, wrapped in long ascending
pilose hairs ; pappus coroniform, consisting of numerous densely
contiguous pluriseriate scarious lanceolate very acute somewhat
spreading palefe ; areola at the apex of the achene pretty large,
bearing in the centre the reddish hemispherical nectary; receptacle
depresso-convex, densely fimbrillate with tall setse.

HuiLLA. — In sunny situations, among very low bushes, near Mum-
pulla ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 3987.

3. G. acicularis 0. Hoflm. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. i. p. 82.

HuiLLA.— A slender heath-like shrub, 2 to 3 ft. high, the whole
plant especially the leaves and capitula resinous-viscid ; stem straight,
naked from the base far up, woody, corymbosely branched towards the
apex ; capitula homogamous, discoid, yellow ; the involucre cylindrical-
campanulate, involucrate at the base with the upper stem-leaves ;
involucral scales pluriseriate, the outer ones broad scarious obtuse and
mucronate, the inner ones gradually longer and acuminate, the inner-
most ones equalling the disk ; all erect and imbricate ; flowers yellow;
corollas all tubular, 5-cleft, flatly compressed : the tube gradually and
but little widened from the base, glabrous ; the lobes lanceolate,
acuminate, strictly erect, connivent and denticulate at the apex ;
anthers acute and exserted at the tips, tailed at the base, the tails long,
simple and subulate ; style included, gradually dilated upwards, its
branches lanceolate erect flattened and very sparingly puberulous ;
achenes obconical, rather short, greatly narrowed at the base, densely
beset with long slender hairs which invest the pappus at the base : the
scales of the paleaceous pappus 10, broad, hyaline, whitish, obtuse or
incise-denticulate, 5 of them with and 5 without a long hyaline subulate
bristle ; receptacle narrow, densely setose. In pastures among low
bushes between MumpuUa and Humpata, at an elevation of 4000 ft.,
abundant : fl. Oct. 1859. No. 3936.

572 Lxxi, COMPOSITE. [Geii

4. G. angolensis 0. Hoffm., I.e., p. 85.

HuiLLA. — A robust, branched, erect or entirely decumbent under-
shrub or suffruticose herb, 3 to 4 ft. high, with the habit of a
Centaurea ; young stem and branches winged ; leaves densely pellucid-
punctate, decurrent on the young branches with a broad wing, but the
adult stem cylindrical without wings ; capitula heterogamous, radiate ;
involucre invested at the base with 2 or 3 herbaceous leaves ; involucral
scales pluriseriate, coriaceous, quite glabrous, elongate-ovate, obtusely
acuminate, closely imbricate, ciliolate on the margin, the inner ones
gradually longer, the innermost ones scarcely shorter than the disk ;
flowers yellow or yellowish, paleaceous-dry ; ligulate florets uniseriate,
broadly linear, female, 10 to 15 in each capitulum, truncate and
tridentate at the apex; disk-florets hermaphrodite, compressed-tubular,
deeply 5-cleft, the segments lanceolate-linear or linear, rigid, strictly
erect, truncate and finely denticulate at the apex ; anthers long, rather
far exserted, terminating at the apex with elongated acuminate-
cuspidate straight appendages which are connivent in a cone, caudate
at the base, the tails rather long and acute ; filaments glabrous,
flattened ; style of the hermaphrodite florets moderately thickened
below its branching, rather pilose, the branches elongated and subulate;
achenes short, obconical, covered with long whitish hairs ; pappus
paleaceous, biseriate, the paleas of the outer row lanceolate acutely
acuminate and shorter than those of the inner row which are broadly
ovate-oblong fimbriate at the apex and tipped with a long seta ; recep-
tacle moderately convex, densely beset with long whitish fibrillse. In
sandy bushy wooded places from Lopollo towards the forests of
Munhino (or Monino), rather rare ; fl. and fr. April 1860. No. 3701.
At the outskirts of forests near Catumba ; fl.-bud beginning of May
18G0. No. 3702.

5. G. spinosa 0. Hoftm., I.e., p. 80, and in Bol. See. Brot, x.
p. 175 (1893).

MossAMEDES. — An annual, branched, prostrate herb, with the habit
of a Scolyiiius ; flowers yellow, fragrant. In gravelly maritime places
between Quipola and Giraul, not abundant, fl. July 1859. No. 3994.

6. G. Hoffmanniana.

Thysanurus angolensis 0. Hoffm. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflan-
zenfam. iv. 5, p. 127 (1889), and in Bol. See. Brot. vii. p. 229.

HuiLLA. — A prostrate perennial herb, with a peculiar habit ; root-
stock woody, branched ; stems several, decumbent ; leaves alternate,
mostly secund upwards ; glandular-punctate on both faces ; flowex's
yellow ; outer involucral scales thickly cartilaginous at the base, sur-
mounted above the middle with a f oliaceous ovate-lanceolate appendage ;
corolla densely glandular, deeply lobed, with linear segments : anthers
acutely caudate at the base ; style included, deeply bifid, glandular-
pubescent, with cylindrical-subulate, mostly strongly cohering branches;
achenes not ripe. In herbaceous places sometimes flooded in summer,
at the outskirts of forests between Lopollo and Catumba, apparently
rare ; fl. April 1860. No. 3989.

Dr. O. Hoffmann placed the genus which he established for the
accommodation of this species in the tribe Vernoniacea3, notwith-
standing the yellow colour of its flowers ; he recognised, however, its
agreement with Gekjeria except the shape of the style. The latter
character is not uniform in Geigeria as treated here and by Hoffmann;
there are long narrow paleae on the receptacle in the flowers of our
plant such as occur otherwise in this genus.

Sphacophyllvm] Lxxi. coMPOSiTiE. 573

37. SPHACOPHYLLUM Benth. ; Benth. & Hook, f . Gen. PI. ii.
p. 339.

1. S. pinnatifidum O. Holim. in Bol. Soc. Brot. xiii. p. 2G (1896).
HuiLi.A. — In thickets flooded in the rainy season, near Empalanca ;

fl.-bud Dec. ISh^ and Jan. 18G0. Xo. 3443. In dryin£f-up swamps on
the right bank of the Lopollo river ; fl. April 1860. No. 3442.

2. S. candelabrum O. Hoffm., I.e., p. 27.

Hni.LA. — Capitula heterogamous, radiate, yellow ; style more than
usually thick, with short somewhat compressed branches, thickened
at the apex ; paleaj of the receptacle very tall. In moist places at the
"outskirts of forests near Catumba and between MumpuUa and Nene
and between the latter and Humpata ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859 and May
18G0. No. 3444. Flowers golden-yellow : achenes 4- or .'t-angular,
truncate, the angles hispidulous ; crown of the pappus short, densely
paleaceous, with 1 to 3 angles prolonged into brittle setie. In marshy
places at the banks of streams near Lopollo ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859.
No. 3981.

This species approaches closely to the genus Ani802Mj)/m.s, and has
the aspect of A . chhiensis Hook & Arn.

3. S. WelwitscMi 0. Hoffm., I.e.

PuN(;() Andongo. — An erect annual herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, vsdth
golden-yellow flowers. In open sandy forests along the banks of the
river Cuanza, near Mopopo : fl. and fr. 30 April 18.'>7. No. 3985.
This species has the aspect of S. africanum O. Hoffm. {Astephania
africana Oliv. in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 1506), but it differs by its broader
concave scales on the receptacle embracing the florets ; the achenes
seen by me are very nearly glabrous, and not pilose as stated in
Hoffmann's description quoted above.

4. S. puniilum Hiern, sp. n.

A scabrid-pubescent or puberulons undershrub ; pubescence
whitish, crisp, sometimes obsolete; rootstock thick, woody, perennial,
branched ; stems decumbent or ascending, branched at and near
the base, rather slender and wiry above, 3 to 5 in. high in our
specimens but apparently they are only young shoots after the
burning of the previous stems ; branches erect or ascending, slender,
leafy below, sulcate-striate ; leaves alternate, mostly crowded,
narrowly linear or linear-oblanceolate, obtuse at the apex, sessile
or the lower ones spathulate-subpetiolate, dull-green, thick, i to
}t in. long, ascending or somewhat spreading, the margins entire,
involute ; capitula broadly campanulate or sub-hemispherical, not
turbinate, ^ ^'^ ^ i^- i^ diameter, heterogamous, radiate, many-
llowered, terminating the erect or ascending peduncular branches ;
involucral scales pauciseriate, oval-oblong or sublinear, subobtuse,
i to 1 in. long, subglabrous or ciliolate-timbriate near the apex,
the outer ones somewhat cymbiform below ; flowers yellow ; ligulate
florets uniseriate, female; the ligule exceeding the involucre, oval,
plnrinerved ; disk -florets multiseriate, heruitiplu-odito, 1 to i in.
long; the corolla narrowly funnel-shaped from a slender base,
glabrous, exceeding the involucre, shortly 5-lobed, the lobes ovate-
lanceolate; anthers prod need at the apex into lanceolate appendages,

574 Lxxi. COMEOSIT.E. \8iyliacofhyllum

caudate at the base, the tails setiform ; style-branches rather short,
just exserted, spreading, rather compressed, narrowly subspathu-
late, rounded at the apex, not appendaged ; achenes (not ripe)
somewhat compressed, about 4-ribbed, oblong, ^^ in. long, setulose ;
pappus only represented by a ring of setulse or minute subulate
scales at the top of the achenes ; receptacle convex, bearing scales
about equalling the involucral scales and embracing the florets.

HuiLLA. — On dry hills among short grasses, near Mumpulla, rather
rare ; fl. and young fr. Oct. 1859. No, 3415.

The following No. is very doubtfully placed under this species : —
HuiLLA. — In rather dry pastures, flooded in summer, near Empalanca;
after fl. and fr. end of Jan. 1860. No. 4064.

38. ANISOPAPPUS Hook. & Arn. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI.
ii. p. 339.

1. A. angolensis 0. Hoffm. in Henr. Bol. Soc. Brot. x. p. 176
(1893) and xiii. p. 28 (1896).

HuiLLA. — Flowers yellowish. At LopoUo ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859.
No. 3973.

39. ODONTOSPERMUM Neck.; Benth.&Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 340.

1. 0. Vogelii Webb in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 140 (1849) ; J. A.
Schmidt, Beitr. Fl. Cap. Verd. Ins. p. 194 (1852).

Cape de Verde Islands. — A widely csespitose shrublet, scarcely a
foot high, with the habit of the alpine species of Artemisia. On the
slopes of Monte Verde, in the island of St. Vincent ; withered fl. or
corollas fallen or fragmentary, end of Aug. 1853. No. 3504.

Tribe V. — Helianthoide^.

40. AMBROSIA Tournef ., L., Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 354.
1. A. senegalensis DC. Prodr. v. p. 525 (1836) ; O. & H. in

Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 371.

Prince's Island. — A suffruticose herb, Ih to 2 ft. high, in habit
resembling an Artemisia. In the drier sunny part of the island, not
far from the sea, at Bahia de Santo Antonio, sparingly ; fl. Sept. 1853.
No. 3952.

41. SIGESBECKIA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 359
(Siegesbeckia).

1. S. orientalis L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 900 (1753) ; 0. & H. in
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 372 ; O. Hoffm. in Bol. Soc. Brot. xiii.
p. 28 (1896).

GoLUNdO Alto. — An erect herb, 2 to 3 ft. high. In moist places at
the outskirts of forests near Menha-Lula ; fl. and fr. Feb. and April
1856. No. 3945. A strictly erect branched herb. At the borders of
forests along the banks of the river Delamboa, in masses but in only
a few places ; fl. and fr. May 1855. No. 3946. An annual erect herb,
1 to ?jh ft. high ; branches opposite the leaves ; flowers small, yellow.
Some unilabiate tritid florets were seen with obtuse deflexed lobes, and
those of the disk 5-clef t not tubular. By the road towards Menha-Lula,

,Si(/esbeckia] lx.m. coMrosiT/F. 575

at the edges of thickets and forests, sporadic ; fl. and fr. July 1855.
The plant is abundant in the interior of western Africa. No. 3947.

Cazkngo. — An ashy annual herb, 1 to 2h ft. high ; stem erect ;
flowers small, yellowish ; florets labiate trifid ; achenes of the ray-florets
glandular. At Caculo ; fr. June 1855. Coll. Caui'. 68G.

42. ECLIPTA L. ; Bentli. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 361.

1. E. erecta L. Mant. ii. p. 286 (1771).

Verbesina alba L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 902 (1753). V. prostrata L.
Sp. PL, I.e. E. punctata L. Mant., I.e. E. alba Hassk. PI. Jav.
Rar. p. 528 (1848); O. & H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 373;
0. Hoffm. in Bol. Soc. Bret. xiii. p. 28 (1896). EclijUica alba
0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. i. p. 334 (1891).

SiEKKA Leonk. — In mountainous pastures about Freetown ; fl. and
young fr. Sept. 1853. No. 3971.

Bakra do Ben(;o. — An erect, much branched, annual or biennial
herb, with white flowers. In swampy places near Panda, at the river
Bengo ; fr. Sept. 1857. Coll. Cakp, 680.

LoANDA. — An annual, much branched herb, with whitish capitula ;
in drying-up marshes it occasionally becomes biennial or even persists
for three years. By marshes about Imbondeiro dos Lobos and near
Teba, plentiful ; fl. and fr. June 1858, No. 3931.

GoLrxGo Alto. — About marshes near Undella ; fl. andfr. Dec. 1855
No. 3932.

Prince's Isl.a.xd. — By streams near Bahia de S. Antonio ; fl. and fr.
Sept. 1853. No. 3930.

Yar, macrophylla (Welw. ms. in Herb.).

An erect, adpressedly hispidulous herb, 2 to 3 ft. high ; leaves-
elliptical, ranging up to 5 in. long by 1^ in. broad or more, 2 or 3
times as long as the peduncles, distantly and coarsely dentate-
serrate ; flowers white ; achenes nearly bald except the apical
ai'eola, obtusely tuberculate-verrucose.

GoLUXGO Alto. — In damp parts of Quilombo-Quiacatubia ; fl. and fr.
Feb. 1855. Only one specimen. No. 3929.

43. SCLEROCARPUS Jacq.; Benth. k Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 364.
1. S. africanus Jacq. Ic. PI. Rar. i. p. 17, t. 176 (1781—1786) ;
O. & II. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 374 ; O. Hoffm. in Bol.
Soc. Brot. xiii. p. 28 (1896).

GoLL'NGo Alto. — A herb, 2i to 4 ft. high ; stem straight, purplish,
roughly pilose, branched upwards ; flowers yellow, axillary. In
secondary thickets by the Ambaca road : fl. and fr. Nov. 1855.
No. 3940. Flowers yellowish. At the outskirts of forests near the
river Cate : fl. and fr. March 1856. No. 3942. An annual, erect,
branched herb, 1 to 2 or even up to 4 ft. high ; leaves not always
alternate ; capitula heterogamous ; flowers yellow ; ligules of the ray-
florets few, 3 or 4, with a slender tube and an ovate-rounded or
obcordate lamina more or less deeply cleft at the apex ; disk-florets
5-cleft, stamens and style included. In places neglected after culti-
vation, near Sange ; fl. and fr. June 1856. No. 3941. Canescent ;
stem branched ; flowers inconspicuous, small, almost hidden by the
floral leaves. At the outskirts of forests near the river Cate ; fr.
March 1856. Coll. Carp. 684.

37

576 Lxxi. COMPOSITE. [Sdei'ocarpiis

Cazengo. — At Dalatauda ; fl. and fr. June 1855. No. 3943.

MossAMEDES. — Stri^ulose. In bushy herbaceous places ou the right
bank of the river Bero, sporadic ; fl. and fr. end of July 1859.
No. 3939. An annual ascending branched herb ; flowers yellow ;
achenes trigonous, gibbous. At Cavalheiros ; fr. July 1859. Colj..
Carp. 687.

44. OMPHALOPAPPUS O. Hoffm. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat.
Pflanzenfam. iv. 5, p. 234 (1890).

1. 0. Newtoni O. Hoffm., I.e., and in Bol. See. Brot. x. p. 177
(1893), and xiii. p. 28 (1896).

HuiLLA. — An erect herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, with the habit of an
Epilohium ; stems involucres and florets purple ; capitula homo-
gamous ; florets all tubular, 5-cleft ; anthers shortly cordate ; style
compressed, its branches short, flat-concave on the inner face, acutely
acuminate ; achenes acutely angular, at the truncate apex the angles
running out into teeth, without any other pappus ; receptacle pale-
aceous. At the herbaceous banks of the Monino stream, amongst
wiUows and species of Faurea ; fl. and young fr. Feb. and April
1860. No. 3440.

45 WEDELIA Jacq. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 370.

1. W. africana Pars. Syn. PI. ii. p. 490 (1807) ; P. Beauv. Fl.
Ow. et Benin, ii. p. 19, t. 69 (1810); 0. & H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop.
Afr. iii. p. 376.

Seruneum africanum 0. Kuntze, He v. Gen. PI. i. p. 365 (1891).

PuNGO AxD()Nx;o. — An erect, sparingly branched undershrub, 2 to
4 ft. high ; leaves membranous, rather rigid, ranging up to 5J in. long
by If in. broad ; flowers yellow. In rocky places at the cataracts of
streams, Calunda and Tunda Quilombo, arimo (cultivated field) of
Senhor Salgado, sparingly ; fl. end of Jan. 1857. No. 3567. Capitula
heterogamous ; flowers yellow ; ray-florets 2- or pluri-seriate, the inner
row variously shaped, fertile ; central florets hermaphrodite, several
of them barren ; anthers turning black, ecaudate ; style-branches
circinate, acuminate at the apex ; young achenes of the ray-florets
truncate, constricted below the coroniform apex, obscurely angular ;
pappus coroniform, delicately fringed rather than toothed. At the
Condo cataract of the river Cuanza, sporadic ; fl. March 1857.
No. 3568.

Our specimens differ from the type of the species by shorter
peduncles and more numerous capitula ; they should be compared
with W. angoleusis Klatt in Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien, vii.
p. 102 (1892), authentic specimens of which I have not seen.

2. W. huillensis Hiern, sp. n,

A wiry herb, 2 ft. high or more ; stems striate, subglabrate,
terete ; branches slender, more or less scabrid, strigulose with
short pallid hairs, the internodes often longer than the leaves,
erect-patent ; leaves opposite, narrowly lanceolate, acute or
pointed at the apex, wedge-shaped at the subsessile base, rather
rigidly membranous, dull green and strigulose or scabrid above,
paler strigose and minutely black-dotted beneath, erect-patent,
1 to 4 in. long by i to 1 in. broad, distantly serrulate or sub-

Wedelia] lxxi. comi'osit.e. 577

repand ; capitula heterogamous, radiate, campanulate, about ~ in.
long, on short or very short peduncles, 3 to 1 together, terminal ;
peduncles slender, strigose, ranging up to j in. long ; involucral
scales sub-biseriate, oblong, free to the base, the outer ones the
longest, about ^- in. long, strigose on the back, with ovate sub-
foliaceous tips, subacute or pointed ; the inner ones dry, rigid,
with ciliate ovate pointed tips, about 1 in. long ; flowers yellow ;
ray-florets uniseriate, ligulate, female, fertile, ^ in. long when
straightened, the ovary ^.r in. long, somewhat hairy, tipped with
a short coroniform unequally fimbriate pappus ; the ligula oval,
glabrous, nerved, minutely dentate at the tip, i in. long, clawed at
the base, spreading; disk-florets hermaphrodite, fertile, fVin. long;
the corolla -^^ in. long, shortly 5-lobed, glabrous ; the anthers partly
exserted, dusky, shortly appendaged at the apex, obtuse at the
base, ecaudate ; the style-branches short, just exserted beyond the
anthers shortly appendaged, hairy; the ovary yV in. long, slightly
pilose, subcompressed, ribbed, oblong, surmounted by a short coro-
niform fimbriate pappus, without aristae ; scales of the receptacle
folded, embracing the tUsk-florets, scarious, ^ in. long.

HuiJ.LA. — In herbaceous places at the outskirts of forests, from
LopoUo towards Jau ; fl. March 1860. Xo. 3566.

3. W. albiflora Hiern, sp. n.

A perennial, erect, branched herb, 3 ft. high; stems numerous,
subterete ; branches hispid or scabrid, opposite, expect -patent,
tawny-brown, rather slender ; leaves opposite, ovate or lanceolate,
acuminate acute or subobtuse at the apex, obtuse or abruptly
naiTowed at the hispid shortly petiolate or subsessile base, rigidly
membranous, scabrid, shortly hLspid-strigose with pale rigid hairs
arising from a papilliform base, dull green above, paler beneath,
distantly serrulate and narrowly revolute on the margin, 1 to 4
in. long by -]- to 2 in. broad, spreading ; capitula heterogamous,
campanulate-oblong, ^ in. long, on hispid peduncles ranging up
to 11 in. long, terminal and sub-terminal, forming compound
terminal open broad corymbose cymes ; involucral scales pauci-
seriate, imbricate, i to i in. long, oval-oblong, obtuse, concave,
fi*ee to the base or nearly so, the outer ones hispid on the back,
occasionally bifid, the inner ones rigidly scarious, embracing the
outer florets ; flowers white ; ray-florets radiate, uniseriate,
female ; the ligule obovate-oblong, 3-nerved, bi-lobed at the apex,
clawed at the base, ^V in. broad, together with the claw -} in.
long, the lobes rounded; disk-florets pauciseriate, embraced by
the folded scales of the receptacle ; the corolla regular, shortly
5-cleft, i in. long ; anthers dark-brown, equalling the corolla-
tube, shortly appendaged at the apex, minutely antl obtusely
sagittate at the base ; style-branches 2, shortly exserted, arching,
diverging, furnished with small narrow appendages at the apex,
papillose ; young achenes somewhat compressedly angular, pilose
at least along the angles, pappus coronifoi'm, glabrous except the
ciliate-setulose apex, without aristjfi.

578 Lxxi. coMPosiT.E. [Wedelicc

PuNco ANDON(i(),— In thickets very frequently flooded, near
Candumba ; fl. Jan. 1857. No. 3557-

46. ASPILIA Thouars ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 371.

1. A. Welwitschii 0. Hoffm. in Bol. Soc. Brot. xiii. p. 29 (1896).
Hx'iLi>A. — Rootstock thick, hard-woody ; stems several, rigid,

straight or ascending ; flowers golden-yellow, nearly orange or deep
orange in colour ; achenes subcompressed, tetragonal, pubescent on
the upper part ; pappus either bi-aristate or bidentate. In pastures
amidst tall bushes on the right bank of the Lopollo stream, fl. and f r.
Oct. and Nov. 1859 and again in Jan. 1860 ; also in hilly places on a
rich soil covered with acacia shrubs, on the right bank of the Lopollo
stream, plentiful, fl. and fr. April 1860. No. 3559.

Var. serrata.

Leaves more or less serrate, at least on the upper half.

HuiLLA. — In thickets near Mumpulla ; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 3560.

2. A. bipartita 0. Hoffm., I.e., p. 30.

PuNGo Anddxcd.^A perennial herb ; primary stem rooting below ;
capitula heterogamous, yellow ; involucral scales few, rigidly coriaceous,
imbricate, biseriate ; ray-florets ligulate, neuter, bifid to the middle,
with obtuse lobes ; disk-florets each sheathed with a scarious bract,^
6-cleft, with reflexed lobes and somewhat pilose tube ; anthers
delicately caudiculate or shortly hastate-aristate at the base, far
exserted ; style glabrous, the branches far exserted, circinate, above
the middle flattened, somewhat pilose inside not outside, acutely
pointed at the apex : achenes few, thickened on the margin, quad-
rangular, truncate, glabrous, sometimes tuberculate, with the angles
cartilaginous-costate : pappus coroniform in the centre of the achene,
paleaceous. In damp sandy places between Condo and Quisondo ;
fl. and fr. March 18.57. Xo. 3584.

3. A. trichodesmoides O. Hoffm., I.e., p. 28.

PuNGO AxDONGO. — A herb with the habit of an Echkim, Lycojysis, or
Cerianthe ; root tuberous- woody, perennial ; stems numerous, ascending,
1 to 2 ft. high ; flowers from lilac to purple ; achenes precisely
similar to those of .1. h'q^artita O. Hoffm. (Welw. Herb. no. .3564),
In rocky bushy places near Muta-Lucala, only in one spot ; fl. and fr.
beginning of March 1857. No. 3565.

4. A. helianthoides O. k H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 381.
GoLUNGO Alto. — In swampy places near Camilungo ; without

either fl. or fr. March 1856. Nos. 3972 and 3972&. For want of
suJ9Bcient material the determination is doubtful.

5. A. fontinalis Hieru, sp. n.

An erect rigid herb or underslirub, 1 to 2 ft. high ; stems
striate, simple or nearly so, nearly smooth below, above leafy,
obtusely angular, more or less hispid-scabrid with pale hairs
arising from a papilliform base; leaves opposite, ovate or sub-
elliptical, not acuminate, pointed at the apex, obtuse or somewhat
wedge-shaped at the subsessile or very shortly petiolate base,
I'igidly membranous, dull green, scabrid-strigulose above, strigose-
hispid and scarcely paler beneath, distantly serrulate, erect-patent,
indistinctly triplinervcd at or near the base, 1^ to 2^ in. by \ to

Aspilia] LXXI. COMPOSITyE. 579

1|- in. broad; petioles ranging np to ^ in. long, hirsute-hispid;
capitula campanulate, about ] in. long, heterogamous, radiate,
solitary, terminal and sub-terminal ; peduncles short, ranging up
to |- in. long, hirsute-hispid ; involucral scales sub-biseriate, oblong,
free to the base ; the outer ones hispid on the back, about 5,
coriaceous-foliaceous, obtusely pointed at the apex, nearly flat,
about -o in. long ; the inner ones rigid, dry, about \ in. long,
glabrous below, terminated at the apex with an ovate pointed
ciliate appendage, nearly flat or somewhat convex ; scales of the
receptacle ovate-oblong, folded, embracing the florets, i to J in.
long; flowers sulphur-yellow; ray-florets uniseriate, ligulate,
about 1^ in. long, neuter ; the lamina about 1 in. long, oljovate,
tridentate at the tip, spreading; the ovary compressed, linear,
slightly hairy, A in. long, surmounted with a coroniform shortly
bristly pappus ; disk-florets nearly ^j in. long, hermaphrodite, the
corolla tubular, shortly lobed ; anthers minutely sagittate at the
base ; style-branches short, rather flattened, broadly rounded at
the apex, hairy, not appendaged ; ovary i in. long, somewhat
compressed, linear, hairy-setose ; pappus eupuliform, shallow,
l)roader than the top of the ovary, persistent, exaristate, scattered
with a few whitish setse, fimbriate at the apex with very short
slender teeth ; achenes oblong, obtusely angular-compressed, about
I- in. long, scattered with short hairs.

PuNoo AxDONfio. — In the Panda forest near Condo, close to the
cataract of the river Cuanza ; fl. and fr. 15 March 1857. No. 3558.

G. A. Kotschyi Benth. & Hook. f. ex Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxix. p. 98 (1873); O. & H., I.e. ; O. Hoffm., I.e., p. 30.

GoLUNCO Alto. — An annual herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, resembling a
Lycopi^is in habit and in the colour of the atro-purpureous flowers.
In level fields and amongst thickets in rather barren places near Bango,
Sange, Cambondo, etc. : fl. and fr. from May to July 1S55. Xo. 3561-
lu reed-beds (capinaes) at the outskirts of primitive forest of
Quisucnla, abundant ; fl. and ripe fr. April ISoG. No. 3562- In
rather dry hilly places by the river Delamboa : fl. and fr. May 18r»(j.
No. 3563. An annual or biennial herb, 2 to 4 ft. high ; flowers like
those of a Zinnia., but black-purple velvety. About Sange and
Quisucula ; fr. May 185G. Coll. Carp. 6GG.

47. MELANTHERA Rohr; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 377.

1. M. Brownei Schultz Bip. in Flora, 1844, p. 673; O. t H. in
(_)liv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 382 ; Ficalho, PI. TJteis, p. 208 (1884).

Buphthalmum scandens Schum. & Thonn. in Danske Yidensk.
Selsk. iv. p. 166 (1829). Lipotriche Brownei DC. Prodr. v. p. 544
(1836). A 7)iellus scandens O. Kuntze,Ptev. Gen. PI. i. p. 306 (1891).

GoLUNco Alto. — A subscandent herb, 3 to 4 ft. high: flowers
large, deep-yellow, with the florets of the disk paler ; ray-florets
flattened, quite patent, nerved, emarginate-denticulate at the apex ;
achenes shortly obcuneate, more or less compressed, obtusely 3- or
4-angular, smooth : pappus consisting of 7 to 9 unequally long very
brittle bristles. In elevated thickets among the Queta mountains
above N-delle, in company with Na^wleona^a imperiali'i P. Beauv. ; fl.

580 Lxxi. COMPOSIT.E. [Melcmthera

and fr. middle of May 1856. No. 3552. Scandent ; flowers golden-
yellow. Bango, Queta ; fl. and fr. June 1856. No. 3553. The local
name " N-garacaga " is applied to this and also to other species.

The following No. has smaller capitnla (about ^ in. long) and
petioles rather shorter (^ to 1^ in. long) than the two previous : — -

G(iLUXf;<) Alto. — A herb 4 to 5 ft. high ; stem more or less flexuous,
climbing among shrubs. In dense thickets near stream Quibolo among
the mountains of Queta, sparingly ; fl. 19 March 1856. No. 3549.

0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 306, has reduced this genus to A melius P. Br.
(1756), non L. (1759) ; but P. Browne's plant, though considered
congeneric by R. Brown in Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. part 1, p. 117 (1817),
is not included in Melanthera as now limited. The person after
whom the above species was named is (notwithstanding the spelling)
R. Brown and not P. Browne.

2. M. varians Hiern, sp. n.

An erect or ascending or subscandent herb, f to 4 ft. high,
annual, scabrid; stems erect or prostrate or almost climbing,
more or less branched ; bi'anches opposite, rather slender, furrowed,
more or less angular, rough, strigulose towards the apex ; leaves
ovate or oval-ovate, opposite, pointed or shortly acuminate at the
apex, obtuse or abruptly narrowed at the base, more or less
dentate, sometimes hastate-lobulate near the base, rigidly
membranous, rough with whitish strigulose hairs which leave on
the surface rough bases, '^ to 3^ in. long by i to 3 in. broad ;
petioles ranging up to nearly an inch long ; capitula heterogamous,
radiate, homochromous, hemispherical, j to 4 in long, on unequal
rather slender hispidulous peduncles ranging up to 3 in., sub-
solitary or paniculate, arranged in open somewhat leafy terminal
corymbose or rounded cymes ; involucral scales biseriate, fi-ee to
the base ; the outer ovate with a green lanceolate upper part,
strigulose on the back, imbricate at the base, nearly flat, about
•1 in. long ; the inner ones subscarious, whitish and oblong below,
substramineous ovate and ciliolate above, about as long as the
outer ones, concave and partly embracing the ray-florets ; flowers
yellow ; ray-florets uniseriate, ligulate, female, fertile ; the ligule
deep-yellow, exceedingly variable in size ; the ovary subcom-
piessed but somewhat trigonous, slightly hairy on the angles,
widening a little upwards, with a shortly hairy ring around the
apex and 3 unequal scabrid deciduous aristse at the top of the
angles the longest of which is as long as the ovary ; disk-florets
pluriseriate, \ in. long, tubular, regular, wdth the ovary similar
to that of a ray-floret but subglabrous and usually more com-
pressed and with 2 or 3 aristae all but 1 very caducous,
embraced by the scales of the receptacle which are similar to the
inner involucral scales marked with several parallel lines and
at length become flatter ; anthers fuscous, ecaudate, obtuse at
the base, appendaged at the apex; achenes dusky, roundedly
trigonous but slightly compressed, thicker upwards, minutely
dotted, subtruncate, nearly glabrate ; pappus obsolete or with the
remains of a whitish ring around the top.

Mehoithera] lxxi. composit/E. 581

Barra de Bexgo.— In swampy places by the river Bengo ; fl. and
fr. Dec. 1853. No. 3544.

GoLUNco Alto.— By thickets and in the less dense forests ; roadway
near Menha-Lula ; H. and fr. July 18.05. No. 3545. In bushy
wooded parts of Sobato de Mussengue ; fl. andfr. May ISofi. No. 3546-

Mos.SAMEDES. — Florets golden-yellow. In sandy thickets at the
river Bero ; tl. July 1859. The ovary of the disk-florets is more
rounded than in the three previous Nos. No. 3543.

3. M. monochaeta Iliern, sp. n.

A scabrid herb, more or less branched, 1 to 3^ ft, high,
appai-ently annual ; stems angular, sulcata, pallid, suberect or
.subscandent and loosely rambling among shrubs, mostly dichoto-
mous ; branches opposite or alternate ; leaves ovate or the upper
ones lanceolate, acuminate oi- pointed at the apex, obtuse or more
or less wedge-shaped at the base, opposite or sub-opposite or the
upper ones alternate, membranous, dark green in the dried state,
above rough and scattered with whitish deciduous short strigose-
hispid hairs, paler sometimes sublepidote and similarly strigose-
hispid beneath, unequally serrate-dentate, occasionally lobulate at
or near the base, f to 4 in. long by ~ to 2^ in. broad ; petioles
ranging up to }t or ^ in. long, hispidulous ; capitula heterogamous,
radiate, subhemispherical, i to f in. long, on hispidulous peduncles
ranging up to about 3 in., terminal and subterminal, together
forming broad rather lax terminal leafy cymes ; involucral scales
free to the base, rather loosely imbricate, sub-biseriate, the outer
ones lanceolate-oblong, foliaceous, entire, obtusely pointed, hairy
on the back, about i in. long, nearly flat ; the inner ones rather
narrower, more acute, nearly as long and less foliaceous ; flowers
homochromous, yellow; ray-florets ligulate, female, fertile, sub-
uniseriate, I in. long ; the ligule oval, t in. long by 1 in. broad,
marked with several slender nerves, minutely trifid at the apex,
the ovary compressed, puberulous, subtruncate, on one side
furnislied with an arista; disk-florets multiseriate, hermaphrodite,
i or nearly ^ in. long (including the exserted style) ; the corolla
about i in. long, tubular, shortly 5-lobed ; anthers about equalling
the corolla-lobes, style slightly thickened upwards to its appendage
at the apex, ecaudate and obtuse at the base, branching ; style-
branches somewhat compressed, with an ovate appendage ; ovary
as in the ray-florets but rather larger; achenes i in. long,
obpyramidal-oblong, 3- or 4-gonal, muriculate verrucose or nearly
smooth, turning dusky, truncate and hispidulous at the apex with
the remains of the nectary in the centre ; pappus consisting of a
single caducous scabrid arista, the points of attachment of which
for the several florets form a spiral arch ; receptacle convex,
furnished with paleas ; the paleaj folded and embracing the florets,
about ^'15- to i in. long, dry, subscarious, obovate and whitish
below, acuminate and yellowish above, hairy along the line of fold
at the back, ciliate along the upper half, marked with several
parallel longitudinal lines, persistent.

LoANDA. — An annual, subscandent herb. In thickets near Quicuxe ;

582 LXXi. COMPOSIT.E. [Melardhera

fl. and fr. July 1858. No. 3547. An apparently annual herb ; stem
suberect or frequently quasi-scandent among bushes ; leaves bright
green in the living state. In dry and also in damp thickets between
Teba and Quicuxe ; fl. and fr. August 1H58. No. 3548-

Benguklla. — By thickets along the river Cotumbella on the side
of the town of Benguella, sporadic ; fl. and fr. June 1859. No. 3550.

MossAMEDES. — In gravelly bushy places along the banks of the
river Bero, at Quipola ; fl. and fr. June 1860. No. 3551.

The above Nos. from the district of Loanda differ from the others,
vphich must be coQsidei'ed the type of the species, by rather smaller
capitula, also by less truncate achenes (No. 3548), or by the presence of
a hairy ring at the top (f the otherwise glabrous ovary in addition to
the solitary arista (No. 3547) ; they perhaps belong to distinct specie!^.

4. M. scaberrima Hiern, sp. n.

An undershrub, densely wooded at the base, sub-herbaceous
above, rather rigid throughout, 2 to 4 ft. high ; wood yellowish ;
branches erect-patent, obtusely angular, sulcate, strigulose-scabrid,
pallid ; leaves opposite or ternate, ovate, acuminate or very acute
at the apex, rather abruptly narrowed at the base, very scabrous
with short stiff pale hairs arising from a papilliform base, deep
green above, paler beneath, rigidly coriaceous, sharply serrate
except near the apex and base, strongly nerved beneath, 1^ to 21 in.
long by 4 to \\ in. broad ; j)etiole ^ to i in. long ; capitula sub-
hemispherical, i to ^ in. in diameter, on peduncles or pedicels
ranging up to 3 in. long, arranged in a lax terminal bracteate or
somewhat leafy terminal corymb about 5 in. in diameter; in-
volucral bracts pauciseriate, imbricate, dry, coriaceous, rigid,
strigose- hispid on the exposed part of the back, smooth and shining
inside, about equally long, the outer ones lanceolate, the inner
ones obovate-oblong with a lanceolate ciliate upper part, the
innermost (or outer scales of the receptacle) cymbifovm and
embracing the outer florets ; flowers golden- yellow, smaller than
those of M. Brow7iei ; ray-florets female, about f in. long,
uniseriate ; the ligule oval, ^ in. long, minutely tridentate at the
apex, puberulous on the back, glabrous on the front, many-
nerved ; disk-florets pluriseriate, i in. long, with a regular
shortly 5-cleft corolla ; anthers included, black with pale con-
nectives and apical ovate appendages, obtuse and minutely
sagittate at the base ; style included and about ecpialling the
anthers or shortly exserted, bifid, the branches pilose with narrow
lanceolate appendages ; achenes angular, somewhat compressed,
narrowed towards the base, glabrous, truncate at the apex :
pappus not coroniform, consisting of several (10 to 13) unequal,
deciduous, rigid, minutely scabrid, ochroleucous arista?, some
longer and some shorter than the achene ; I'eceptacle narrow,
convex, furnished with scales similar to the inner involucral
scales, some nearly flat and subtending, others folded and em-
bracing the florets.

PuNcjo AxDONGO. — In the drier thickets between Quilanga and
Luxillo ; fl. Feb. 1857. No. 3556.

Jfelant/tera] LXXi. composite. 583

5, M. cuanzensis Hiern, sp. n, ,

A perennial lierb ; stem 2 to 4 ft. high, mostly decumbent on
neighbouring shrubs, subscantlent, pallid, 4-angular, furrowed,
puberulous ; branches few, lax, opposite, scattered with whitish
short scurfy hairs and a few short strigulose hairs intermixed,
scarcely scabrid ; leaves opposite, spreading, lance-shaj)ed, rather
obtuse and minutely mucionate at the apex, broadly cordate or
subreniform at the l)ase, membranous but rather ligid, rather
distantly crenulate-denticulate, scabrid scattered with short
whitish strigulose hairs and deep green above, rather softly
strigulose paler and reticulate beneath, 1]- to 5^ in. long by -j to
li in. broad or rather longer; petiole i to 1 in. long, strigulose
with short whitish hairs, scarcely scabrid ; capitula hemispheiical,
radiate, heterogamous, homochromous, about ~ in. long, opposite
or alternate, axillary or terminal, on peduncles 3 to 6 in. long ;
involucral scales pauciseriate, imbricate, free to the base, ovate
pointed and strigose on the back or the innermost ones oblong
and acuminate, ciliate, fiat, the outermost ones rather the
shortest ; flowers wholly golden-yellow ; ray-florets about |- in.
long, uniseriate, female, fertile, subtended by the innermost
scales of the involucre, ligulate ; the ligule oblong, j} in. long,
marked Avith several parallel longitudinal nei'ves, biiid at the
apex, glabrous above, pilose along the nei-ves beneath ; stjde bifid;
the ovary compressed-subquadrangular, puberulous along the
lateral edges, otherwise glabrous or minutely puberulous obovate,
y\- in. long, subtruncate at the apex, tipped with about ten
.scabrid somewhat unequal erect pale aristre which arise from a
ring at the apex smaller than the breadth of the ovary; disk-
florets multiseriate, tubular, regular, i in. long, hermaphrodite;
the corolla i in. long, puberulous outside, with 5 short ovate-
deltoid lobes ; the antheis dusky, with pale ovate appendages at
the apex, ecaudate and obtuse at the base ; style-branches rather
short, somewhat compressed, with short pointed appendages at the
apex; ovary yV,- in. long, compressed-quadrangular, oblanceolate,
puberulous along the sides and ai-ound the apex, scattered with
minute hairs or glabrous elsewhere, subtruncate at the apex,
■tipped with about 10 to 15 unequal scabrid pale aristae more
or less equalling the ovary in length and arising around or
from the apex of the ovary ; achenes obversely pyramidal,
slightly compressed, angular, glabrate except the somewhat
rounded or subtruncate apex, yV in. long; pappus consisting
of several erect pallid scabrid more or less deciduous aristaj
which equal or exceed the achene in length and arise about a
thickened ring narrower than the whole achene; receptacle
convex, furnished with obovate-acuminate scabrid-ciliolate folded
.scales which embrace the disk-ilorets and are marked with
parallel longitudinal lines.

PuxfU) Andox(;o. — By wooded thickets along the right bank of the
river Cuanza ; fl. and fr. Dec. 185G. No. 3554.

584 Lxxi. COMPOSITE. [Melcmtlte)-a

Var. altior.

A herb, 5 to 7 ft. high ; stem quadrangular, weak, sparingly-
branched, ^vith fibrous adventitious roots at the base ; leaves less
excavated at the base than in the type of the sjjecies.

PuxGO AxDOXGC-By streams in the wooded parts of Sobato
Cabanga, growing in masses ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1857. No. 3555.

48. SPILANTHES Jacq. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 380.

1. S. oleracea L. Syst. Nat., edit, xii., Veg. p. 534 (1767)
(Spilant/ms) ; Jacq. Hort. Vindob. (ii.) p. 63, t. 135 (1772).

Verbesina Acmella L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 901 (1753). S. Acmella
L. Syst. Veg., edit. Murr., p. 610 {177 'i) (Spilanthus) ; O. & H. in
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 384; 0. Hoffm. in Bol. Soc. Brot.
xiii. p. 31 (1896). Ceratocephalus Acmella O. Kuntze, Eev. Gen.
PI. i. p. 326 (1891).

Sierra Leonk. — A herb, 9 to 12 in. high ; stem decumbent, rooting;
branches slender, erect ; capitula conical-ovoid, radiate ; achenes
black, truncate, with 2 setas. In damp meadows by marshes near
Freetown ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. No. 3969.

Bark A do Dande. — An annual or biennial prostrate herb ; stem
creeping, rooting here and there at the nodes ; leaves membranous,
ovate, repand or almost entire ; capitula axillary, pedunculate :
involucral scales herbaceous-green ; disk-florets milk-white ; anthers
turning black ; achenes compressed, smooth on the sides, obovate,
turning black, the edges each terminating in a rather long subulate
arista, the margin sometimes ciliolate or with very unequal arista. In
only one damp grassy spot on the right bank of the river Dande,
plentifully ; fl. and fr. Sept. 185S. A luxuriant form. No. 3970, and
Coll. Cakp. 604.

PuNGo Andongo. — An annual herb ; stem decumbent, rooting at
the nodes ; branches and branchlets ascending, nearly glabrous ;
capitula pauciradiate, yellow but with the ligules paler and
occasionally becoming nearly white ; the ray-florets female, feitile,
ligulate, narrowly obovate, obtuse ; the disk-florets tubular, 4-cleft,
with deltoid spreading lobes ; achenes compressed-triquetrous, with
two of the angles acute and spinulose-ciliate and the third (the inner
one) obtuse or obsolete, truncate, with the angles terminating in short
setulas or nearly bald ; involucral scales lanceolate from a broad base,
almost as long as the capitulum or but little shorter, persistent. In
only one spot by the Cazella rivulet near the town, plentifully ; fl.
and fr. Nov. 185G. No. 3968.

The three Nos. here referred to the above widely distributed species
greatly vary ; they were each considered by Welwitsch to constitute
new species.

49. SYNEDRELLA Gaertn.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen.Pl.ii. p. 383.
1. S. nodiflora Gaertn. Fruct. ii. p. 456, t. 171, f. 7 (1791);
0. & H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 386.
Sierra Leone.— Fr. Sept. 1853. No. 3983.

50. COREOPSIS L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 385.
1. C. Steppia Steetz in Peters, Mossam. Bot. ii. p. 496 (1863);
0. & II. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 388.

Coreopsis] lxxi. composit.e. 585

GOLUNGo A],T(i. — A herb, 3 to 5 ft. high ; stem simple below,
branched from the middle to the apex ; leaves lobed after the fashion
of Frunseria artemis/oidrs Willd. ; Howers orange-yellow, handsome.
In moist sandy I'eed-beds between Camilungo and Canaulo, by the
Ambaca road ; fl. beginning of April 1850. No. 3532.

Pi'N(;() Andonho. — A rigid herb, 18 in. high, sparingly hirsute,
root apparently annual, somewhat woody ; branches opposite, di-
varicate. At Luxillo, without either ti. or fr. Feb. 1857. A poor
specimen, resembling this species. No. 3533. No notes. Fl. No. 3534.

Hiii.L.v. — Flowers yellow. In wooded meadows between Eme and
lake Ivant'da, rather rare : ti. Jan. 1860. No. 3530. At the outskirts
of the forest near the lake Ivantala in bushy meadows amongst tall
herbs by the river Cacolovar ; ti.-bud Feb. 1860. Also near the
LopoUo stream. No. 3531.

The above specimens do not agree perfectly with the type, and,,
if correctly referred, extend the character of the species to include
bipinnatisect foliage ; Nos. 3531 and 3532 have markedly hispid
stems.

2. C. speciosa Hiern, sp. n.

An erect robust smooth herb, with the aspect of a Chrysan-
themum, 5 to 7 ft. high, or in poor soils only 3 to 4 ft., annual
or biennial or lasting for several years, branched towards the
apex, glabrate below ; stem straight ; branches opposite or
alternate, more or less quadrangular, erect-patent, thinly
pubescent upwards ; leaves mostly opposite, tripartite or un-
divided, ovate in outline, apiculate and obtuse or scarcely acute
at the apex, petiolate or subsessile, rigidly membranous or
coriaceous, deep-green, glabrate or beset with veiy short hispid
or strigulose hairs on both sides, coarsely and unequally dentate
with narrowly revolute or cartilaginous margins and apiculate
teeth, 2 to 5 in. long by 1 to 3 in. broad or larger; petioles
flattened, sheathing at the base, connate, ranging up to 1 in.
long ; the lobes ovate or elliptical, the terminal one the largest,
the lateral ones spreading ; capitula heterogamous, radiate, very
large, 3 to 4 in. in diameter, f to f in. high, solitary and terminal
or singly terminating the stem and branches together forming
open somewhat leafy terminal cymes, the peduncles ranging up
to 4 in. long (or longer and furnished with leaf-like bracts) \
involucre about 1 in. in diameter ; the scales biseriate or sub-
triseriate, broadly lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, suberect,
rather thick, loosely imbricate, rather exceeding the disk-florets,
more or less beset on the back with short broad-based hispidulous
hairs ; flowers golden-yellow, very handsome ; outer florets
ligulate, female and barren or neuter, uniseriate, 10 to 18, widely-
spreading as in HeliantJtus, the ligule elongated, linear-elliptical,
1 to H in. long, marked with numerous dusky longitudinal lines ;
disk-florets pluriseriate, tubular, hermaphrodite ; the corolla
glandular-pilosulous, I to \ in. long, its limb gradually widened
upwards, 5-lobed at the apex ; its lobes ovate-acuminate or
elongate-triangulate, rather thick or fleshy, densely granular
inside, reflexed on the margin ; anthers partly exserted, glabrous,
at the apex, minutely sagittate at the base, scarcely

■586 Lxxi. coMPosiT.E. [Coreopsis

caudate ; filaments thickened near the apex up to the insertion
of the anthers ; style bulbous at the base, its branches towards
their exserted tips thickened, pilosulous, and surmounted by
cylindrical narrower tender rather fleshy tolerably long ap-
pendages ; achenes none winged but flatly compressed, black,
subemarginate at the apex, surmounted in the hollowed centre
by a dense hairy ring of setulse, those of the ray without and
those of the disk with two aristae continuous with the densely
ciliate-hispidulous edges; the whole achene about 1 in. long,
•elongate, linear-oblong, slightly or scarcely widened ' above the
middle, longitudinally striate, marked on one side with a
prominent nerve or angle ; the aristae pallid, about J^- in, long,
erect-patent, beset with erect-setulaj at the base, glabrous above,
subulate, persistent ; receptacle broad, somewhat convex, furnished
with lanceolate- or linear-oblong obtuse dry erect flat scales,
which subtend the disk-florets, measure ^ to |- in. long, have
scarious edges, and are marked with 3 to 5 parallel nerves.

Ambaca.— Leaves coriaceous. By thickets from N-gombe in the
direction of Puri-Cacarambola, not abundant ; not yet in full fl.
Oct. 1856. No. 3537.

PuNGO Andoxuo. — In thickets near Caghuy et Quilanga ; fl. Jan.
1857. No. 3538. Plant dried with great difficulty. In sunny
thickets and in wooded places around and within the fortress,
abundant ; fl. March 1867 ; also near Quitage at the river Cuige, not
yet fl. March 1857. No. 3535. In open wooded situations, especially
near Sansamanda, plentiful ; fl. 1 May 1857. No. 3536.

Nearly related to C. l-ilimandscli(irica O. Hoffm. in Engl. Bot.
Jahrb. xx. p. 234 (1894).

The following plant perhaps belongs to C. speciosa, though the
capitula are smaller with more hairy involucres, the foliage of
the flowering shoots is more densely clothed beneath with short
hairs, and the achenes are shorter : —

Ambaca. — A herb, 2 to 3 ft. high ; ligules of the ray-florets long,
brilliant, deep yellow. At the left bank of the river Caringa, very
rare : fl. and fr. June 1855. No. 3272, partly.

3. C. ambacensis Hiern, sp. n.

An erect, loosely branched herb, 2 ft. high or more ; stem and
branches more or less angular and furrowed, nearly glabrate
b>elow, striate and puberulous above with thick weak pallid hairs ;
leaves opposite or the upper ones sometimes alternate, much
divided, ovate in outline, about 2| in. long by 1| in. broad or
rather larger, more or less pubescent with nari'ow or small
ultimate segments; the lobes tipped with cartilaginous not
setaceous points ; the common petiole short, dilated and clasping
at the base ; capitula sub-hemispherical, ^ to ^ in. long, solitary,
terminating the stem and branches, on unequal peduncles ranging
up to several inches, together forming open somewhat leafy
terminal cymes ; involucral scales pauciseriate, oval or oblong,
obtuse, the outer ones beset with thick tapering pallid hairs on
the back ; receptacle convex, furnished with narrowly oblong

Coreopsis] lxxi. comi'osit-e. 58r

fiat glabrous rigid pallid lined scales ^ to }j in. long subtending
the disk-Horets ; achenes of the disk-tlorets linear-oblong, duskv.
compressed, somewhat and unequally quadrangular, not winged,
hispid-setulose along the angles, exaristate, somewhat muriculate,
bidentate and setulose at the apex with two short teeth setulose-
at the base with erect setuho ; achenes with a circular jiallid
basal callus narrower than the middle of the achene.

AMiiACA.^At the left bank of the river Caringa ; fr. June 1855.
No. 3272, partly.

51. BIDENS Tournef. , L.; Benth. &lIook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 387.

1. B. pilosus L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 832 (pilosa) ; O. & H. in Oliv,
Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 392 ; O. Hoffm. in Bol. Soc. Brot. xiii. p. 31
(1896).

GoLUNco Alto. — In sunny situations near Sange ; fl. and fr. Feb.
and April 1855. No. 3962. At Sange; fl. and fr. Dec. 1855.
No. 3959. In the ascent to the Capopa spring, very plentiful ; fl. and
fr. Jan. 1855 and March IHoi). No. 3961 partly.

Hun. I. A.— Flowers yellow. At the outskirts of the Monino forests,,
amongst tall herbs, sporadic ; fl. and fr. end of Jan. 1860. No. 3960.

2. B. bipinnatus L., I.e. {hipinnata) ; 0. & H., I.e., p. 393.
PuNGO AxD()\(i(). — An annual herb, with yellowish flowers.

Amongst herbs near the prassidium ; fl. and fr. May 1857. No. 3981
partly. Also No. 3963.

3. B. croceus Welw. ex 0. Hoftm. in Bol. Soc. Brot. x. p. 177,
HriLi.A.— A glabrous, perennial herb ; rhizome with cylindrical

tubercles ; stems 2 or M from the same rootstock, straight, 2 to 3 ft.
high, trichotomously branched in the upper part ; leaves multisect
almost after the fashion of a Ferula ; the segments linear, rather thick,
green-glaucescent, 1 in. long by 4j in. broad, entire on the margin,
uninerved ; capitula homogamous, twice or thrice as thick as in the
previous species of the genus ; flowers saffron-coloured ; corolla rather
fleshy but rigid ; achene truncate, not rostrate, surrounded at the apex
with a thickened very delicately ciliolate border, tipped with 2 aristaj.
In wooded meadows around the great lake of Ivantala, not uncommon ;
fl. and fr. end of Feb. 1860. A great ornament to the meadows, and
a plant well worth cultivating : it has the habit of an American species.
No. 3964.

4. B. (?) andongensis Iliern, sp. n.

An erect herb, glabrous throughout or nearly so ; rootstock
woody, perennial ; stems simple below, a little branched above,,
subterete ; internodes 11 to 2Mn. long; leaves opposite, undivided
or scarcely lobed, elliptical or ovate, subobtusely narrowed at the
apex, wedge-shaped towards the base, between fleshy and mem-
branous, minutely punctulate-scaly when dry, coarsely and unequally
dentate or occasionally lobulate, subglaucescent, petiolate or the
upper ones sessile, | to 2^ in, long by '^ to If in. broad ; petiole-s
ranging up to f in., alate vipwards with the decurrent leaf-blade,
dilated connate and shortly sheathing at the base ; capitula hetero-
gamous, radiate, about 2 in. in diameter including the spreading
ligules, solitary, on peduncles of 2 to 7t, in., terminal; involucral

588 Lxxi. COMPOSITE. [Bidens

scales sub-biseriate, lanceolate-oblong, subobtuse, the outer ones
about f in. long, the inner ones about h in. long ; flowers golden-
yellow ; the ray-florets numerous, nearly 1 in. long, female or
some hermaphrodite, apparently barren, with linear-oblong lined
ligules about ^ in. long clawed at the base ; disk-florets pluri-
seriate, hermaphrodite, fertile, about ^ in. long ; the corolla
tubular, regular, about ~ in. long, shortly 5-lobed, rather abruptly
contracted for the lowest third part from the insertion of the
filaments, the lobes lanceolate-triangular ; anthers with lance-
shaped exserted appendages at the apex, obtuse at the base ;
filaments pale-yellow, shorter than the anthers, abruptly thickened
and orange-coloured near the apex ; style-branches exserted,
spreading rather beyond the breadth of the corolla, flattening
towards the apex with a triangular appendage or tip; ovary
compressed, linear-oblong, somewhat ciliolate on the edges, ciliate-
setulose around the apex, otherwise glabrous, tipped with 2 lateral
erect retrorsely barbed aristfe about i in. long.

PuxGO AxDoxGO. — In sandy bushy places near Quibinde, not far
from the river Cuije ; fl. March 1857. A unique specimen. No. 3529.

A drawing of the specimen in the study set exists in the British
Museum, but the scales of the receptacle are not shown, and there-
fore the determination of the genus is uncertain.

52. CHRYSANTHELLUM Rich.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii.
p. 389.

1. C. procumbens Pers. Syn. PI. ii. p. 471 (1807); O. & H. in
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 395.

Anthemis americana L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 895 (1753), non Mutis.
Bidens ajnifolia L. Syst. Nat., edit. 10, ii. p. 1203 (1759). Verhesina
miUica L. Sp. PL, edit. 2, p. 1273 (1763), non Sieber.

GoLUXc;o Ai/J'o. — An annual herb, at first erect with one or few
capitula, afterwards prostrate, much branched with the basal branchlets
prolonged and very crowded ; flowers yellow, slightly aromatic. In
rather dry sunny shortly grassy situations at Sange, in neglected
gardens, etc. ; the erect form in Dec. 1854, becoming prostrate in July
1855 ; fl. and fr. No. 3957. Resembling a fine specimen of Solira
nasturtiifoVia DC. Seeds, August 1855. CoLi>. Caki'. 668. A dwarf,
much branched, annual weed, with yellow flowers, like the Anthemis
aurea DC. At Sange, fr. 9 July 1855. Coll. Carp. 683.

Cazexgo. — A small annual herb with the habit of a dwarf Chrysan-
themum or Tagctes, and with small yellow flowers. In poor, sparingly
grassy places at the river Luinha ; fr. Dec. 1854. (Mixed with other
achenes.) Coll. Carp. 669.

PuNGO And(jn(K). — An annual herb, with the habit of Anthemis;
the early leaves spreading in a stellate manner ; the central stems
straight, the lateral ones ascending ; flowers yellow ; achenes without
pappus, truncate, ciliolate on the narrow margins, In sandy sunny
situations, and in places neglected after cultivation, near the pra3sidium;
plentiful ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1857. No. 3958.

HuiLLA. — In low-lying pastures flooded during the rainy season,
near Humpata ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1859 and April 1860. No. 3956.

Jcmmea] lxxi. coMro.siT.i=:. 589

Tkibp: VI. — Hklknioid.?-:.
53. JAUMEA Pers. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 397.

1. J. angolensis O. HolFm. in Bol. Soc. Brot. x. p. 178 (1893)
A xiii. p. 32 (189G).

./. composltaruni Klatt. in Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien, vii.
p. 103 (1892), non Benth. & Hook. f.

HuiLLA. — A perennial herb ; rhizome furnished with cylindrical
tubercles ; stem solitary, erect, U to 3A ft. high, simple or branched
in the upper part, the branches dichotomous or trichotomous ; leaves
pellucid-punctate, curiously papillose ; flowers saffron-coloured. In
marshy places among tall bushes along the Lopollo river, in company
with Epiluh'mm hirsutuin L., a Rumcf, a Typlui, and species of Poly-
(junum ; fl. and fr. April 1860. No. 3963.

54. WELWITSCHIELLA 0. HofFm. in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfani.
iv. 5, p. 390 (1894).

1. W. neriifolia 0. Hoffm., I.e., p. 391, and in Bol. Soc. Brot.
xiii. p. 31 (189G).

HuiLLA. — A rough, strictly erect, perennial herb, with pellucid-
punctate leaves and yellow flowers. In wooded meadows about the
lake of Ivantala ; fl. and young fr. end of Feb. 18G0. Xo. 3703.

55. TAGETES Tournef., L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 41 1.
1. T. patula L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 887 (1753).

GoLUNCio Alto.— In Sobato de Quilombo ; fl. and fr. Jan, 1855.
No. 3967.

PuMio AND()N(iO.— In public streets in the pnesidium ; frequently
wild and occurring almost everywhere by the villages both of the
settlers and of the negroes, in all probability introduced long ago by
the missionaries ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1857. Xo. 3966.

Tribe VII. — Anthemide.e.

56. ATHANASIA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 416.
1. A. schistostephiodes Hiern, sp. n.

A I'igid perennial plant, 4 to 5 ft. high ; stem strictly erect,
leafy and unbranclied for a considerable length, minutely puberu-
lous or obsoletely felted, terete, branched near the apex ; leaves
alternate, deeply impari-pinnatifid, obovate in outline, rounded
about the apex, narrowed to the shortly quasi-petiolate or sub-
sessile base, subglabrous and minutely punctulate above, softly
felted beneath with short curly almost glandular haii-s, 1 to 2 in.
long by 'i to Ii in. broad; the lateral lobes more or less oblong,
obtuse, minutely subapiculate, undivided or some of them with an
inferior lobule, not denticulate ; capitula subhemisphei'ical, | to
]r in. in diameter, homogamous, discoid, many-flowered, on rather
rigid bracteate pedicels ranging up to \\ in. long, arranged 5 to 7
together in somewhat tomentellous rather dense corymbose cymes
|- to Ii in. in cUameter terminating the branches; bracts linear,
acute, 1^ to ^ in. long ; involucral scales imbricate, subtriseriate,
linear-oval, i to J- in. long, obtuse, puberulous and somewhat
thickened along the back, scarious and shortly incised or fringed
on the upper margins, somewhat concave ; flowers ^ to ^''^ in.

590 Lxxi. COMPOSITE.. [Athanasia

long, rather exceeding the involucre, yellow ; corolla tubular,
pentamerous, ^ in. long, scattered outside with some small sessile
glands ; the lobes short, rounded, subapiculate at the apex ;
anthers included, obtuse at the base ; style included, with short
obtuse branches; achene Jg to -^^ in. long, oblong, angular,
longitudinally ribbed, glabrous or minutely glandular between
the ribs ; pappus coroniform. consisting of several short lanceolate
or subulate glabrous squamulfe a sixth or a quarter as long as the
achene ; receptacle somewhat convex, beset with narrowly boat-
shaped scales folded round the Horets and not much shorter.

HuiLLA. — In rocky shrubby places near LopoUo, subsequently de-
stroyed by flood ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1860. Xo. 3974.

This is nearly related to A. punctaki Harv.

57. CHRYSANTHEMUM Tournef., L., Benth. & Hook. f. Gen.
PI. ii. p. 424.

1. C. pinnatifidum L. f. Suppl. PI. p. 377 (1781).

Ao'gyranthemum jnnnatifidum Lowe, Man. Fl. Madeii-a i. p. 4G0
(1868) ; non Webb in Webb & Berthelot, Phytogr. Canar. t. 95
(1836-1840).

ISLAXD OF Madeira. — Root white. In rocky bushy places at Camara
dos Lobos ; fl. and fr. Aug. 1853. No. 3948.

58. COTULA YailL, L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 428.

1. C. anthemoides L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 891 (1753); O. & H. in
Oliv. PI. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 397 ; 0. Hoflfm. in Bol. Soc. Brot. xiii.
p. 32 (189C).

MossAMEDES. — An annual, prostrate, marsh herb, pleasant with a
bitter aromatic scent, closely resembling the officinal Chamomilla
romana (Anthemis fuscata Brot.) ; pubescence arachnoid ; capitula
globose, yellow, rather short ; achenes sessile, those of the ray-florets
scarcely winged. In sandy-muddy places along the banks of the river
Bero ; fl. and fr. end of July 1859. No. 3949. In damp sandy places
by the river Bero near Cavalheiros, rather rare ; fl. and fr. beginning
of Aug. 1859. Xo. 3951.

HuiLLA. — In sandy-muddy places flooded in the rainy season, near
Lopollo ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1859. No. 3950.

59. ARTEMISIA Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 435.
1. A. afra Jacq. ex Willd. Sp. PI. iii. p. 1820 (1800), & Hort.

Schoenbr. iv. p. 34, t. 467 (1804); Harv. t Sond. Fl. Cap. iii.
p. 170 (1865); Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 209 (1884).

Bumbo. — On rocky declivities above Bumbo, where several plants
of the Huilla table-land and those of the mountainous woodland
region, and even some of the littoral region, grow together promiscuously;
not yet in fl., Oct. 1859. No. 3955.

HtuLLA.— 3 to 4 ft. high. At Mumpulla ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859.
No. 3954. A remarkably aromatic and very bitter herb, shrubby at
the base ; stems numerous, erect, 2 to 5 ft. high ; leaves green, clothed
beneath with a snow-white felt. In bushy places and in pastures
throughout the district, very plentiful ; at Humpata, fl. and fr. April
1860. No. 3953.

This is apparently the " Losna de Humpata " (Humpata wormwood)
mentioned by Welwitsch in Synopse Explic. p. 26, n. 57, as containing

Artemisia] lxxi. coMPOSiTiE. 591

in a remarkable degree the bitter and aromatic principles of the genus ;
an infusion of it may be employed with benefit as a tonic and stomachic
treatment during convalescence after marsh fevers ; also the jiowder as
an anthelmintic remedy, especially for children, as observed by Welwitsch
with good results during his stay in Huilla.

Tribe VIII. — SENECiONiDEiE.

60. ENGLERIA O. HofFm. in Engl. Bot. Jabrb. x. p. 273, t. ixA.
(1888). Adenogonimi Wehv. ex Oliv. in Hook. Ic. PI. xxiii.
t. 2205 (April 1892).

1. E. decumbens.

E. africanii O. HofFm., I.e., var. radiata Oliv., I.e. Adenogonum
decumbens Welw. ex Oliv., I.e. ; Hiern in Journ. Bot. xxxvi. p. 290,
t. 389 (Aug. 1898).

MossAMEDES. — A remarkably ornamental herb, apparently annual,
with the habit of a Cineniria though with different style-branches ;
stems much branched from the base, decumbent, at length as well as
the branchlets ascending ; leaves opposite or rarely the upper ones
alternate, glossy-green in the living state ; ray-florets uniseriate,
ligulate, tridentate at the apex, female, fertile, as well as the disk-
florets very bright yellow shining subscarious and persistent ; corolla
of the disk-florets pilosulous, with reflected lobes ; anthers ecaudate ;
filaments enlarged a little below the apex with a waxy orange-coloured
gland ; style-branches elongated, subclavate-thickened, densely puberu-
lous ; achene elongate-obovoid, somewhat compressed, more or less
covered with rather rigid hairs, with the marginal ribs rather acute
and those on the faces obtuse, and with oily glands within the margin
of the lateral ribs ; pappus biseriate, the outer row short and often
but little developed, the setEe of the inner ix)w scabrid, unequal in
length, rather rigid, straight, and persistent.

MossAMEDES. — At the gneiss rocks by the upper banks of the river
Bero, not plentiful ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 3999.

I follow Oliver in referring this plant to Engler/((, and the generic
character must be modified accordingly ; but I cannot regard it as the
same species as the Hereroland E. </fricun<(, or even a variety of it.
It differs from the latter in the following characters : the capitula
are heterogamous and radiate, the achenes are not narrowly winged,
the leaves are ovate-cordiform not attenuate at the base into the
petiole, and the plant does not appear to be perennial.

61. GONGEOTHAMNUS Steetz ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii.
p. 437.

1. G. conyzoides Hiei^n, sp. n.

A shrub, in habit almost like the shrubby Cow/zece ; stems
crowded, slender, straight, reddish, beset with abundant lenticels ;
branches patent, tomentose ; felt pallid ; leaves alternate, ovate oi'
elliptical, pointed and often acuminate at the apex, contracted
often abruptly so at the base, membranous-herbaceous, yellow-ish-
green above, rather paler beneath, clothed with sliort curly pale
haii-s on both faces denser and felted beneath, toothed or repand
or nearly entii'e, triplinerved and penniveined, 1^ to 4 in. long
by -J to 2^ in. broad, those of the young branchlets larger and

38

592 Lxxi. COMPOSIT.E. [Gonyrothamnus

arranged almost in a peltate manner ; petioles i- to § in. long,
felted ; capitula about 22-flowered, obconical, f to ^ in. long,
woolly below, pallid, numerous, on short unequal bracteolate
pedicels arranged in hemispherical terminal panicles 2 to 3 in. in
diameter or in ampler leafy compound panicles ; scales of the
involucre pluriseriate, pointed, uninerved, the outermost very
small woolly outside and subdeltoid, the inner successively larger
more oblong and less woolly, the innermost about i in. long,
lanceolate-oblong, acute and ciliolate about the apex ; corollas
shortly 5-cleft, the lobes rather obtuse, about one-third as long as
the tube, furnished at the apex with a large thick gland ; anther-
bases appendaged ; basal appendages linear, truncate ; style at the
base seated on a depressed quasi-annular bulb ; the branches
somewhat flattened on the inner face ; young achenes densely
hairy with stiff hairs directed upwards and ar-ranged in about 10
longitudinal rows ; pappus setaceous, sordid-tawny, subuniseriate,
a few outer setse short, the inner about ~ in. long, rather hispid
and rigid, slightly dilated and ciliolate-fimbriate at the apex ;
receptacle pitted, the pits with ii-regularly raised margins.

HuiLLA. — In sunny rocky bushy places between Mumpulla and Nene;
not yet in open fl. Oct. ; sparingly in fl. Dec. 1859. At 5000 ft.
altitude. No. 3271.

This is nearly related to G. divaricatus Steetz, but is not glabrate.

2. G. angolensis Hiern, sp. n.

An undershrub, 2 to 4 ft. high, under favourable circumstances
becoming woody, sparingly branched ; branches spreading, rambling,
terete, purplish, glabrate, sulcate-striate, rather slender, nearly
straight ; branchlets puberulous or obsoletely woolly, erect-patent ;
leaves elliptical, alternate, more or less narrowed at both ends
especially towai-ds the base, subapiculate at the apex, membranous,
glabrate or puberxilous, yellowish-green (in the dry state), entire
crenulate or obscvirely toothed, 1 to 2 in. long by i to f in. broad,
minutely punctate, triplinerved and penniveined ; petioles i to
i in. long or less ; capitula numerous, ^ in. long, campanulate-
oblong, 4-flowered, on short pubescent bracteolate pedicels arranged
in rather dense compound more or less leafy corymbose or hemi-
spherical terminal cymes of 2 to 8 in. in diameter ; bracteoles
ovate or lanceolate pubescent, small ; involucral scales pluriseriate,
firmly scarious, the outer short broadly ovate apiculate and outside
pubescent, the inner gradually longer more lanceolate acute and
nearly glabrous ranging up to i in. long ; flowers ^ in. long ;
corollas i in. long, yellow, narrowly tubular, not much dilated
upwards, shortly 5-lobed ; the lobes lanceolate, curving outwards ;
anthers sagittate at the base, each with a lanceolate appendage
at the apex ; style exserted, arising from a bulbous sub-annular
disk (or nectary) at the base, puberulous on the upper part ; the
branches also puberulous, spreading-recurved, subobtuse ; achenes
4, irregularly obconical-obovoid, unequally 10-ribbed, ^o ^^- long,
shortly pubescent, with a small callus at the base ; pappus sub-

Gongrothamnus] Lxxi. compusit.e. 593

uniseriate, sordid-yellowish, with a few outer short setae and
numerous inner rigid hispidulous-scabrid setfe 1 in. long ; receptacle
small, convex, furnished with small short unequal tumid scales.

MossAMEDES. — On rocky declivities between Pomangala and Quitibe,
also at Caldari do Inferno ; fl. and fr. June 18(10. No. 3270.

HriLLA. — A small shrub, abundant but nearly everywhere without
its leaves ; neither flowers nor leaves seen except on one plant. By
thickets between MumpuUa and Nene, not uncommon. Oct. 1859.
No. 3266.

Bumbo. — A little shrub, at the time of gathering leafless and
inelegant. By thickets near Bumbo ; fr. Oct. 1859. Apparently this
species. No. 3264.

With this genus, which has been reduced by O. Hoffmann in Engl.
& Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 5 p. 126 (188'J) to the section
Decaneurum of ViTitun'/a^ should be carefully compared Autunesia
O. Hoffm. in Bol. Soc. Brot. x., p. 178 (1893) ; I have not seen an
authentic specimen of the latter.

The following two Nos. perhaps belong to different species of
Gongrothammts : —

HuiLLA. — A shrub, almost leafless at the time of gathering, with
only one branch seen in fruit ; branchlet terete, pallid, felted with
short thick whitish closely set hairs ; leaves alternate, the young ones
crowded on the lateral shoots, oval, obtuse at both ends but apiculate
at the apex, denticulate-repand, shortly petiolate, subcoriaceous,
clothed on both faces with pallid closely-set short almost scaly hairs,
about 1 in. long by h in. broad ; lateral veins 4 or 5 on each side of
the midrib, starting at a wide angle ; infructescence on short lateral
shoots, dense, hemispherical, 1 to H in. hi diameter ; capitula
apparently homogamous, about 12-flowered, on unequal tomenteUous
pedicels rangmg up to f in. long ; involucral scales subtriseriate,
oblong, obtuse, uninerved, flat or nearly so, somewhat hairy on the
back, the innermost ones ^ in. long, the outer ones successively shorter;
receptacle small, at length somewhat convex, puberulous, not pale-
aceous ; achenes narrowly obovoid-oblong, brownish, clothed with
pale hairs, longitudinally 8- to 10-ribbed, J- in. long, surmounted with a
pallid setose pappus j in. long ; the setas sub-biseriate, densely
setulose, the outer few and short. Between MumpuUa and Nene.
Oct. 1859. No. 4001.

HuiLLA.— No notes. In fr. No. 3699.

62. CRASSOCEPHALUM Moench, Meth. PI. p. 516 (1794).
Gi/nura Car^a. in Diet. Se. ISTat. xxxiv. p. 391 (1825); Benth. tt
Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 445.

1. C. cernuum Moench, I.e.

Senecio ruhens Jacq. Hort. Vindob. iii. p. 50, t. 98 (1777).
S. cernuus L. f. Suppl. PL p. 370 (1781). Gynura czrnua Benth.
in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 437 (1849); 0. t II. in Oliv. Fl. Trop.
Afr. iii. p. 402.

Var. a. rubens. Flowers violet-rosy or rose-coloureil.

GoLUNOO Ai.TO. — An annual, bright-green herb, 2 to 3 ft. high ;
the peduncles of the capitula nodding at the apex. In damp
herbaceous places by rivulets, mixed with the blue-flowered variet}' ;

594 LXXi. COMPOSITE. [Crassocephalum

cataract of the river Cuango ; fl. and fr. March 1855. No. 3584. An
erect herb, 2 to 3i ft. high, with nodding capitnla. In damp reed-
beds at the river"Cuango, plentiful aud in company with the blue-
headed variety ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1856. No. 3585- Varzea Canaulo,
fl. and fr. June 185G. No. 3586. Varzea de Cuango ; fl. June 1856.
No. 3587.

HuiLLA. — In the wooded meadows of the Monino ; fl. and fr. Jan.
1860. No. 3591.

Yar. /3. cseruleum. Flowers blue. Cf. G. cceridea 0. Hoffm. in
Bull. Herb. Boiss. i. p. 86 (1893).

GOLUXGO Alto. — Among crops of Arachis hypogcea, near Sange ;
fl. and fr. No. 3588. Between Trombeta and Cabonda ; fl. and fr.
Sept. 1854. No. 3589. Capitula on very long peduncles, nodding.
Varzea de Cuango, plentiful ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1856. Coll. Carp. (367.

HuiLLA. — In plantations of maize on damp ground about Lopollo,
but scarcer than the other variety ; fl. and fi\ Jan. and Feb. 1860.
No. 3593.

2. C. diversifolium.

Senecio diversifolius A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. p. 437 (1847); non
Wall. Gynurapohjcejyhala Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 437 (1849).
G. crepidioides Benth., I.e., p. 438; 0. & H., I.e., p. 403. S.
crepidoides Aschers. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. iEthiop. p. 155 (1867).

Yar. a. polycephalum. Leaves mostly pinnatifid ; flowers
lilac ; achenes setulose between the ribs.

HuiLLA. — In neglected fields and at the damp borders of level spaces
especially where sandy, about Lopollo, etc. ; fl. and fr. from Dec. 1859
to March 1860. No. 3593.

Yar. /3. subincisum (Aschers., I.e., p. 156). Lower and middle
leaves undivided, unequally dentate, the upper ones incise-dentate
at the base or sub-pinnatifid ; flowers lilac, verging on rosy;
achenes somewhat setulose between the ribs.

HuiLLA.— In fields among crops; about Lopollo, plentiful ; fl. and fr.
Jan. 1860. No. 3590.

Yar. y. sonchiforme. An annual, erect, branched herb, with
the habit of a Sonchus ; leaves mostly', sub-lyrate, sinuate-dentate
or repand, the teeth obtuse mucronulate ; flowers violet-purple,
erect ; achenes setulose.

MossAMEDES.— In swampy places and neglected patches after
cultivation near Hortas de Mossamedes ; fl. and fr. beginning of July
1859. No. 3581.

Yar. 8. cyaneum. An annual lierb, 3 to 4 ft. high ; branches
elongated, slender ; leaves mostly lyrate-pinnatifid, auriculate at
the base ; flowers bright blue ; achenes setulose.

Mossamedes. — In moist sandy thickets at the banks of the river
Bero, rather rare ; fl. and fr. beginning of August 1859. No. 3582.

Yar. c. Welwitschii. Leaves mostly undivided, unequally den-
tate, exauriculate ; flowers bright-blue ; achenes nearly glabrous.

HuiLLA. — In plantations of maize and at their borders, near Erne ;
fl. and fr. Feb. 1860. No. 3594.

Crassocephalnm] Lxxi. coMrosiT.E. 595

Var. 'C. crepidoides. A perennial or annual, bright green
herb, 2 to 4 ft. high, with somewhat nodding saffron- or orange-
coloured flowers which become rose-coloured in course of drying.

GoLUNca) Ai/ro. — Annual. In damp palm-groves near X-delle ; fl.
and fr. Dec. 1855' Xo. 3688. Perennial. By moist thickets in
Sobato de Bumba, not plentiful; fl. and fr. end of Dec. 1855. Xo. 3687-

3. C. miniatum.

Gijnura miniata Welw. Apont. p. 58G. n. 29 ; O. cl- H., I.e.

Amhaca. — Root thick, tuberous, perennial ; leaves (only the lower
ones developed at the time) strongly musk-scented. At Puri-
Cacarambola ; without either fi. or fr. Oct. 1856. Xo. 3596.

Puxcio And()N(1(). — Flowers of a deep orange-colour. By the
waterfall at Calundonear Caghuy ; fl. and fr. 14 Dec. IS.'.i;. Xo. 3595.

4. C. scandens.

Gynura scandensO. Hoff"m.in Engl.Pfl.Ost Afr., C,p. 41G (1895).

GoLixciO Alto. — A climbing suffruticose herb, with flowers of a
paUid orange-colour ; fl. June 1855. Xo. 3697.

Our specimens differ slightly from the type of the species by their
rather smaller leaves with a more deltoid apiculate apex and with the
base somewhat excavated, and by larger capitula containing about
26 florets.

63. EMILIA Cass. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 445.

1. E. purpurea Cass, in Diet. Sc. Nat. xxxiv. p. 393 (1825).
CacaUa sonchifolia L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 835 (1753), E. sonchi-

folia DC. Prodr. vi. p. 302 (183T) ; O. & H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr.
iii. p. 405.

Sierra Leone. — In mountainous situations between Freetown and
the mountain ridge, among scattered herbs ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1853.
No. 3579.

Prince's Island. — An annual herb, with the habit of a Sonchus
and with violet-coloured flowers. In damp sunny forests ; fl. Sept.
1853. Xo.3583.

HuiLLA. — Inflorescence lax, with slender pedicels and yellow
flowers. In Morro de Lopollo ; fl. Feb. 1863. Perhaps a variety of
this species. Xo. 3580.

This is difficult to distinguish from the next species.

2. E. flammea Cass, in Diet. Sc. Nat. xiv. p. 40G (1819).
CacaUa sagittata Vahl, Symb. Bot. iii. p. 91 (1794). E. sagittata

DC, I.e. ; 0. & H., I.e., p. 405.

GoLUNCiO Alto. — In elevated places at the outskirts of the forest
above the Delamboa ; fl. and fr. April 1856. Xo. 3575. About
Sange ; fl. and fr. X'o. 3576. A herb, 2 to 3^ ft. high, less glaucous
and with much longer capitula than in some forms ; stem weak, sub-
erect, sparingly branched ; flowers with a deep sfilfron-orange colour.
In the more elevated mountainous parts of Sobato Quilombo-Quiaca-
tubia in dense thickets about 2000 ft. altitude ; also among the
mountains of Sobato de Bumba Andala, but rather rare ; fl. and fr.
Feb and Oct. 1855. Xo. 3577. In the sandy forests of X-delle, not
yet in open flower, Jan. 1855. Apparently this species. Xo. 3928.

HuiLLA. — Flowers orange-scarlet. In the wooded pastures of the
Monino, among tall herbs, sporadic ; fl. April 1860. Xo. 3578.

596 Lxxi, COMPOSITE. [Emilia

3. E. albocostata Hiern, sp. n.

A sparingly pubescent, sviffruticose, much-branched herb ;
branches subterete, striate, alternate, leafy ; stem-leaves alternate,
oval oblong ovate or obovate, sessile, auriculate-clasping at the
base, membranous, subglabrous or puberulous, paucidentate in
repand, mucronulate at the apex, 2 to 2^ in. long by ^ to 1^ in.
broad ; caj)itula homogamous, discoid, campanulate, somewhat
turbinate at the base ; | to J in. long, ecalyculate, glabrous
except the base, erect, many-flowered, solitary ; peduncles glabrous,
naked or neai-ly so, ei-ect or ascending, 7 to 10 in. long, terminating
the branches ; involucral scales 8, uniseriate, erect in flower,
recurved after the fruit, linear-oblong, deltoid and minutely
ciliolate at the apex, very narrowly scarious on the lateral margins,
parallel -nerved, 4 in. long, shorter than the florets; flowers
yellow ; florets hermaphrodite, tubular, nearly ^ in. long ; corolla
membranous, shortly 5-lobed ; the lobes lanceolate, thickened
towards the apex, anthers shortly exserted and narrowly
appendaged at the apex, obtuse and not appendaged at the base ;
style-branches short, rather thick, somewhat compressed, jvist
exserted, each terminating in a very short deltoid- ovoid appendage ;
receptacle |- to ^ in. in diameter, at length convex ; achenes i in.
long, at length nearly black and glabrous except the 5 longi-
tudinal ribs which are clothed with short dense gland-like white
hairs; pappus whitish or at length white, copious, persistent,
about -^ in. long.

MossAMEDES. — In hilly sandy places amidst Euphorbias ; fl. and fr.
July 1859. No. 3573.
This is nearly related to Senecio otlwnnaflorus DC.

64. NOTONIA DC. ; Benth. ik Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 446.

1. N. Welwitsehii.

Senecio (Notonia) WelwitschiiO. Hofl[m. in Bol. Soc. Brot. xiii. p. 33.

Podachcenium Welw. ms. ex O. Hofim., I.e., and in Herb.

A succulent perennial sufFrutescent herb, with the habit of a
Kleinia or Cacalia, and, as to its capitula, with a distant resem-
blance to a Dianthus, the whole plant except the flowers
pulverulent-glaucous, 2 ft. high ; rhizome thick, oblique, fleshy,
tuberous, the tubers clustered several together ; stem straight or
ascending, cylindrical, fleshy, brittle, leafy ; the lower leaves large,
obovate-spathulate fleshy-succulent, brittle, coarsely and distantly
dentate, rather obtuse, on alate-canaliculate obtusely keeled semi-
amplexicaul petioles ; the upper leaves narrowly lanceolate, acumi-
nate, fleshy, brittle ; capitula homogamous, campanulate, smooth,
ecalyculate; involucral scales 8 to 12, erect, convex at the back;
peduncles fistular ; corolla tubular-hypocrateriform, equal, the
limb 5-cleft, patent, bright-scarlet, clothed at the base with a
long white pubescence; anthers surmounted at the apex with
lanceolate empty appendages, included; stigmas compressed-
spathulate, purple-barbellate outside, not or scarcely ciliate at the

Notonia] Lxxi. compositvE. 597

base, terminating in a sliort compressed pilosulous cone ; achene
more or less cylindrical, slender, glabrous, sulcate-striate, truncate
at the apex, subtruncate and slightly stipitate at the base ;
pappus 2- to 3-seriate, in very closely approximate rows, setose,
the setaj numerous, setulose-scabrid ; receptacle flat, alveolate,
the alveola? minutely and unequally dentate-fimbriate and each
with the erect stipes of the achene in its centre.

Hrii.LA. — A very beautiful plant. In rocky elevated parts of Morro
de Lopollo, very sparingly fl. and fr. Jan. 1860. In dry thickets about
liopollo ; fl. and fr. April 1860. Xo. 3572. Flowers large, cinnabar-
red. Lopollo, fl. and fr. May 18G0. Coll. Caki'. 670.

0. Hoffmann, I.e., quotes 3582 instead of 3572.

65. SENECIO Tonrnef.,L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen.Pl. ii. p. 446.

1. S. coronopifolius Desf. Fl. Atl. ii. p. 273 (1798); 0. & H. in
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 412.

MossAMEDES. — A small annual herb, branched from the base ;
branches ascending, reddish ; leaves rather fleshy, somewhat viscid ;
flowers yellow. At the sandy banks of the river Giraid, then almost
dry, at an elevation of scarcely 10 ft.; fl. July 1859. Only one specimen.
Xo. 3669.

2. S.picridifoliusDC.Prodr.vi. p. 386(1837); 0.&H.,^.c.,p.413.

GoLUNCO Alto. — A glaucescent, ascending herb, 2 to 3| ft. high, with
the habit of an Emilia or Cransoccj^halKin ; branches elongated, slender,
quasi-scandent ; peduncles rosy ; flowers orange-yellow or of a deep
lemon-colour. In the damp thickets of Sobato de Bumlja at the river
Casaballa, i-ather rare ; fl. and fr. beginning of May 1856. No. 3696.

Htil]>a. — Flowers orange-yellow. In the wooded thickets of Morro
de Lopollo ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1860. Xo. 3694. Flowers yellow. In
swampy places at the rivulet Catumba ; fl. and fr. March 1860.
Xo. 3695.

3. S. erubescens Ait. Hort. Kew. edit. 1, iii. p. 190 (1789);
Harv. in Ilarv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. iii. p. 363 (1865).

Huilla. — Flowers purplish. In moist pastures from Lopollo in the
direction of Catumba, rather rare ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1850. Afterwards
searched for in vain. Xo. 3668.

4. S. versicolor lliern, sp. n.

A perennial glandular-puberulous herb ; rootstock more or less
prsemorse; stem decumbent, ascending, sometimes rooting with
adventitious fibres or branching near the base, 1 to 2 ft. high,
leafy below, branched in the upper half and there forming a
cymose somewhat leafy corymbose or obovoid inflorescence ; leaves
alternate, narrowly oblong sublinear or oblanceolate, obtuse at
the apex, somewhat narrowed to a sessile or subsessile auriculate
clasi^ing base, more or less coarsely or distantly toothed or sub-
pinnatifid, thinly herbaceous, 1,} to 4 in. long by ^ to ^ in. broad ;
capitula campanulate, homogamous, discoid, i to f in. long,
usually calyculate with very few small narrow scales similar to
the uppermost bracts on the pedicels, on unequal pedicels ai-ranged
in a much-branched rather lax terminal cyme 2 to 6 in. in

598 Lxxi. COMPOSITE. [Senecio

diameter; pedicels slender, dilated at the a^^ex, ranging vip to
\\ in. long ; branches of the inflorescence bracteate ; bracts
lanceolate or subulate, entire, -^^ to ^ in. long ; involucral scales
viniseriate, equal, about 20, i in. long, sublinear, narrowed at the
apex to a reddish scarious-tipped point, scarious on the imbricating
lateral margins, erect in flower, reflexed after the fall of the fruit ;
flowers lilac or of a pale whitish-violet colour, quickly turning
yellowish, numerous, hermaphrodite, tubular, about ^'^ in. long ;
corolla membranous, ^ in. long, very narrow about the middle,
slightly dilated near the base, funnel-shaped in the upper half,
shortly 5-lobed, the lobes triangular-ovate, uninerved, obtuse ;
anthers clear bright blue, half exserted, shortly appendaged at
the apex, subobtuse and exappendiculate at the base but with
the filaments abruptly thickened near their apices ; style-branches
narrow, puberulous-stigmatose, exappendiculate, truncate-dilated
at the apex, equalling the corolla ; achenes subtei'ete, dusky when
ripe, tapering a little from the middle towards each end, 10-ribbed,
setulose with short thick whitish hairs between the ribs, yV in.
long, with a narrow whitish cartilaginous ring round the apex from
which arises the copious white silky subuniseriate setose pappus ;
the setse very slender, very delicately scabrid (as seen under a
lens), i in. long ; receptacle flat, about y'^ in. in diameter, naked.

HuiLLA.— In marshy places ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859. No. 3677- In
damp meadows (varzeas) at the river Cacolovar, on the right-hand
side of the road leading from Ivantilla to Quilengues ; fl. and fr. Feb.
1860. No. 3678.

This somewhat resembles S. purpureus L., but the leaves are less
deeply divided and the achenes setulose ; it is also rather like -S. crixjjus
Thunb.

5. S. latifolius DC. Prodr. vi. p. 387 (1837) ; Harv., I.e., p. 377.

5. hupkuroides DC, I.e. ; 0. & H., I.e., p. 414.

HuiLLA. — An erect, glaucescent, apparently perennial herb, with
yellow flowers. In the drier bushy pastures near Feriao da Sola, not
plentiful ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859. No. 3673- At Lopollo ; fl. Dec. 1859.
No. 3674.

6. S. lasiorhizus DC, I.e. ; O. & H., I.e., p. 415.

Chieraria coronata Thunb. Prodr. PI. dp. pars posterior, p. 154
(1800). S. coronatus Harv., I.e., p. 369.

HuiLLA. — A herb with the form of a Cinerarht ; stems several,
erect ; ligule of the ray-florets bright golden-yellow, disk-florets paler.
In the moist meadows of MumpuUa, in company with Scabiosa
Columbaria L. (Welw. Herb. No. 520) ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 3685.
Flowers yellow. In the drier bushy pastures about Lopollo towards
the east, in company with Thymelasacete and Santalace^ ; fl. and fr.
Nov. and Dec. 1859. A rather hairy form of the species. No. 3686
A perennial herb, 1 to \h ft. high ; stem firm, erect ; flowers corymbo.se,
yellow. Lopollo ; fr. Dec. 1859 and Jan. 18(30. Apparently this
species, Coll. Carp. 665.

7. S. pentecostus Hiern, sp. n.

An erect, pale green, conspicuous herb, 3 to 5 ft. high ; root-

>S'e??ec/o] Lxxi. composuvk. 599

stock thick, ubrupt at the base, there givinfj off thick ih scemUng
fibres, apparently perennial ; stem costatc-snlcate, glabrate,
branched above at the inflorescence ; branches angular, leafy,
more or less clothed (as are also some of the leaves and in-
floi-escence) with white papery-floccose deciduous or obsolete
patches ; radical or lower leaves narrowly elliptic-oblong, narrowed
at both ends especially towards the petiolate base, glabrescent,
herbaceous, ranging up to more than 2 ft. long (inclusive of the
petiole) by 2 in. broad, crenulate-denticulate on the subcarti-
laginous margin nninerved ; the petiole clasping ; stem-leaves
similar but smaller and the upper ones sessile, alternate ; capitula
heterogamous, radiate, calyculate, campanulate, numerous, about
50-flowered, § to ^ in. long, on bracteate pedicels ranging up to
li in. long, arranged in rather dense corymbose terminal cymes
of about 6 in. in diameter ; bracts narrow ; calyculus consisting
of several smaller bracts similar to those of the inHovescence ;
flowers golden-yellow ; in volucral scales about 17, subglabrescent,
linear-oblong, about 1 to ^ in. long, lance-shaped towards the
ciliolate apex, scarious on the imbricate margins ; female florets
about 8, ligulate, marginal, uniseriate, fertile, about -^ in. long,
with a short bifid style, a glabrous ribbed and subcompressed ovary,
and setose whitish barbellate rather copious subuniseriate pappus ;
the ligule oval, very shortly 3-lobulate at the apex ; hermaphrodite
florets discoid, pku'iseriate, about 42, tubular, i in. long ; the corolla
shortly 5-lobed, glabrous ; anthers about equalling the corolla, at
length shortly exserted, obtusely appendaged at the apex, obtuse
and not appendaged at the base ; style-branches short, somewhat,
flattened, very obtuse and stigmatose at the apex, equalling the
anthers ; ovary glabrous, subcompressed, ribbed ; setfe of the
pappus pauciseriate, whitish, minutely setulose, rather copious,
i in. long, persistent ; receptacle areolate, the areolte sometimes
minutely paleaceous- fr i n ged .

HuiLLA. — In marshy places along the banks of the Lopollo stream,
plentiful ; fl. beginning of May 18()0. Xo. 3681.
This is nearly related to S. albanensis DC.

8. S. lygodes Hiern, sp. n.

An erect glabrate robust herb, 3 ft. high or more; stem
angular or narx-owly winged by the decurrence of the leaves,
unbi-anched up to the inflorescence, leafy, pale, somewhat
yellowish ; leaves alternate, narrowly elliptical-linear or the
upper ones sublinear, attenuate at each end, sessile, decurrent,
suberect, uninerved, ranging up to more than a foot long b}' about
1 in. broad, thinly herbaceous, pale yellowish-green ; the margins
narrowly cartilaginous and revolute, minutely crenulate ; capitula
campanulate, calyculate or at least biacteolate at the base,
radiate, heterogamous, numerous, § to f in. long, erect, on unequal
rather slender bracteolate pedicels ranging up to If in. long
arranged in a corymbose terminal not very dense cyme of 4 to
6 in. in diameter ; bracteoles narrow, the uppermost ones the

600 Lxxi. COMPOSITE [Senecio

smallest, scarious and often lacei^ate-ciliolate at the tip, extend-
ing to the base of the capitula ; flowers yellow ; involucral scales
about 15, narrowly oblong or sublinear, united at the base ard
some of them much higher up, pale yellowish-green, with scarious
margins, darker near the scarious lacerate-ciliolate tips, sub-
uniseriate, about ~ in. long, imbricate ; female florets few, exterior,
fertile ; the ligula i in. long, very shortly lobed at the apex ; the
style shortly cleft} ; hermaphrodite florets numerous, discoid,
j% in. long, fertile j the corolla shortly 5 -lobed; anthers at
length exserted, shortly appendaged at the apex, their bases
caudate ; the style-branches at length exserted, narrow, truncate,
exappendiculate ; achenes (young) subterete, glabrous ; the pappus
copious, white, setose, i in. long ; the setiB pauciseriate, minutely
scabrid.

HuiLLA. — In swampy willow-beds at the banks of the river
Quipumpunbime, Humpata ; fl. Jan. and March 1860. No. 3676-

This is nearly related to S. lo)tgipedu)icidut(i Volkens, from the
Transvaal Republic, collected by Dr. F. Wilms, nn. 800 and 800rt.

9. S. strictifolius Hiern, sp. n.

An annual, erect herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, nearly glabrous ; stem
more or less angular, sulcate-costate, virgate, simple and purplish
below, corymbosely branched and paler towards the apex at the
inflorescence, leafy ; leaves alternate, suberect, narrowly elliptic-
oblong, rather obtuse at the mucronulate apex, attenuate towards
the sessile or subsessile somewhat clasping base, scarcely decurrent,
pale, yellowish -green on both faces, rigidly herbaceous, slightly
puberulous with a deciduous or nearly obsolete down, cartilaginous-
serrulate and narrowly revolute on the margin, 2 to 3 in. long
by i to i in. broad ; capitula heterogamous, radiate, campanulate,
calyculate, \ in. long, numerous, glabrous, on slender bracteate
pedicels ranging up to ^ in. long, arranged in flat-topped terminal
rather lax cymes of 3 to 4 in. in diameter ; flowers yellow ; caly-
culous consisting of a few narrow bracts like the uppermost bracts
on the pedicels; involucral scales uniseriate, about 13, linear-oval,
about i in. long, dark-i-eddish at each end, scarious on the margin ;
female florets marginal, uniseriate, radiate, about 12, fertile; the
ligule oblong, minutely lobed at the apex, i in. long ; disk-florets
about 29, hermaphrodite tubular, i in. long ; the corolla thin,
short 5-lobed; the anthers partly exserted, shortly appendaged
at the apex, obtuse and exappendiculate at the base ; style-
branches exserted, rather short, slender, obtuse, exappendiculate ;
ovary glabrous, smooth, with a thin whitish ring round the apex
from which arises the deciduous rigid whitish rather copious erect
setose pappus ; the setae minutely barbellate, about \ in. long ;
receptacle narrow, somewhat papillose.

Hi'iLLA. — In marshy places along streams near Lopollo and at the
lake of Ivantilla ; fl. 14 March 1860. No. 3675.

Nearly related to S. Serra Sond., non Schweiuf. ; it differs by more
numerous florets and smaller foliage, etc.

Senecio] Lxxr. cojiposit.^. 601

10. S. Brittenianus Ilieni, sp. n.

A herb, 3^ ft. high or more ; stems suffruticose below, floccose or
obsoletely white-cottony above ; branches striate, lax ; leaves
narrowly ellipsoidal or lanceolate-oblong, narrowed towards both
ends, acviminate or apiculate at the apex, often attenuate to the
sessile and somewhat auriculute base, herbaceous, toothed, more
or less cottony, especially beneath, with white often deciduous
silky hairs, 2 to 3 in. long by i to f in. broad ; capitula cam-
panulate or at length hemispherical, homogamous, discoid, many-
flowered, i in. long, on unequal bracteolate rather slender pedicels
ranging up to about ^ in. long, arranged in dense terminal
corymbose somewhat cottony cymes 3 to 4 in. in diameter ; in-
volucral bracts about 20, sublinear, acute, about ^.; in. long,
puberulous on the back, with scarious lateral margins and fuscous
tips ; those of the calyculus several, much smaller, similar ;
flowers yellow ; corolla about i in. long, tubular, rather abruptly
dilated near the middle upwards, the limb short, 5-cleft ; anthers
appendaged and exserted at the apex, exappendiculate at the
base ; style-branches circinate, truncate at the apex, just exserted ;
receptacle areolate, convex in fruit, rather narrow, naked ;
achenes about yV in. long, subcylindrical, more or less ribbed and
setulose ; pappus copious, white, setose, longer than the achene ;
the setpe barbellate, very slender.

HuiLLA. — At the borders of fields near Mumpulla ; fl. and fr. Oct.

1859. No. 3679. On a clay soil near the Lopollo stream ; fl. Feb.

1860. No. 3680.

This species has very much the general appearance of S. mijrio-
cephahis, but differs by its discoid flower-heads, more numerous
involucral scales, etc.

11. S. lopollensis Hiern, sp. n.

A somewhat hoary herb, 4 to 8 in. high ; root wiry, branched,
creeping and descending, apparently perennial ; stems numerous,
slender, procumbent or ascending, short or low, pubescent-
tomentose or puberulous with whitish hairs, leafy ; leaves alter-
nate, mostly crowded, elliptical or obovate, rounded or obtusely
pointed at the apex, narrowed towards the sessile or shortly
petiolate exauriculate base, firmly herbaceous, gi'ey at least
beneath, clothed on both faces more or less with whitish crisp or
curly hairs, entire or repand, with somewhat thickened cartila-
ginous margins, .V to 2 in. long by I to | in. broad ; peduncles
terminal, slender, erect, scapelike, glabrescent above, puberulous
below, one-headed, 3^ to 7 in. long, without bracts or occasionally
with a small one about the middle; capitula homogamous, discoid,
subcampanulate, rather dilated at the apex, ecalyculate, erect,
i to r in. long, 1 to I in. thick at the apex of the involucre ;
involucral scales uniseriate, about 8, linear-oblong, pointed at the
apex, ei-ect, slightly puberulous on the back near the apex,
obscured marked with parallel nerves, scarious on the margins ;
flowers purple, numerous, rather exceeding the involucre, appa-

602 Lxxi. COMPOSIT.E. [Senecio

rently all fertile ; corolla dilated into a small hemisphere at the
base, slightly and gradually widened upwards, shortly 5-cleft at
the apex, the lobes lanceolate; anthers included in the corolla,
rather exceeding its tube, acute and appendaged at the apex,
obtuse and not appendaged at the base ; style-branches about
equalling the anthers, short, truncate, stigmatose at the apex;
achenes (young) oblong, unequally ribbed, glabrous, ~ in. long,
with an oval cartilaginous ring at the apex from which arises the
white setose pappus ; the seta; very slender, barbellate, erect, about
i in. long, subuniseriate, rather copious.

HuiLLA. — In the more elevated pastures in Morro de Lopollo, in
the direction of Empalanca ; fl. Dec. 1869 and March 1860. Xo. 3574.

12. S. uvens Hiern, sp. n.

A glaucous-green very nearly glabrous somewhat fleshy decum-
bent herb, 7 to 9 in. high ; root creeping, branched ; stems
numerous, simple or nearly so, prostrate for half their length or
more, the flowering stems 13 to 17 in. long, secundly leafy
throughout the prostrate portion, the ei-ect part scapelike 6 to 8 in.
long bracteate and nearly leafless ; leaves alternate, crowded,
oblong, obtuse, sessile, obscurely vesicular-rugulose, uninerved,
li to 2 in. long by ^ to i in. broad; margins entire, narrowly
revolute ; capitula homogamous, discoid, broadly campanulate,
dilated around the apex, i to § in. long and broad, solitary,
terminal, erect ; bracts nari^ow, ^ *^ f i^- ^<^^^gj ^.he upper ones
successively smaller and less distant; involucre calyculate with
a few scales similar to the uppermost bracts ; involucral scales
about 20, sublinear, uniseriate, inserted around the dilated recep-
tacle, f to f in. long, not quite glabrous on the back, pointed at
the apex with fuscous tips, the lateral margins scarious and over-
lapping; flowers numerous, yellow, about ^ in. long or rather
longer, all tubular, hermaphrodite ; corolla | to f in. long, shortly
5-lobed ; anthers included, obtuse and exappendiculate at both
ends ; style-branches about -^jj in. long, narrow, puberulous-
stigmatose, terminated with very narrow exserted appendages;
achenes glabrous, 10-ribbed, narrowly ovoid-oblong, rather thicker
about the middle, i in. long, with a ring around the apex from
which arises the white copious setose pappus ; the setee very
slender, i in. long, minutely setulose, numerous, subuniseriate ;
receptacle somewhat concave, i to i in. in diameter, naked.

HuiLLA. — In swampy places at the river Cacolovar, between
Ivantiila and Quilengues ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1860 ; also by the river at
Lopollo. No. 3670.

13. S. multicorymbosus Klatt in Ann. Nat. Hist. Hofmus.
Wien, vii. p. 103 (1892); O. Hoffm. in Bol. Soe. Brot. xiii. p. 32.

GoLUNGO Alto.^A small tree, candelabriform, 10 to 12 ft. high ;
branches patent, curving upwards towards the apex and there bearing
fascicles of leaves and from their centre flowering panicles 1 to 2l ft.
long ; flowers yellow, after the fashion of the genus. At the damp
outskirts of forests between Cambondo and N-delle, growing in
groups ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1864. No. 3689.

Senecio] lxxi. cu.mi'osit/K. 603

14. S. subscandens llochst. ex A. Rich. FI. Abvs.s. i. p. 434
(1847); O. &: 11., I.e., p. 421 ; Bot. Mag. t. 63G3 (1878).

GoLUNGO Ai-TO. — A perennial herb ; stems sohd, very delicately
pulverulent with a glaucous bloom, somewhat woody at the base, 8 to
15 ft. high and more, climbing upon trees, flowering and pendulous at
the extremities ; leaves glaucous beneath ; petioles very brittle,
frequently purplish, auriculate, the auricles embracing the stem in a
falcate manner ; flowers ochroleucous ; style-branches thickened at the
apex, stigmatose-circinate throughout their length ; achenes sub-com-
pressed, thinly scattered with hairs ; pappus uniseriate. The whole
plant is rather fleshy, and even small bits of its branches take root
with the greatest ease. In deep valleys by the Delamboa stream,
climbing upon palms ; fl. and fr. June 1856. No. 3691. Scandent.
By the waters of the Delamboa and Quiquele-quele ; fl. and fr. July
185(>. No. 3692. A weak, climbing undershrub, with glaucous
foliage. At Quiquele-quele ; fl. and fr. July 18;JG. No. 3693. A
stem-leaf, grown in the Lumiar garden near Lisbon in 1862, of a plant
introduced from this district. No. 3693'^.

HuiLLA. — A bright green climbing herb, with a tuberculous root-
In wooded rocky parts of Monino, not yet in fl. May 1860. From this
source the plant was obtained which was grown in Hort. Kew. and
which was figured in the liutanlcal JLigazine. No. 3690.

GG. OLIGOTHRIX DO. ; Benth. el- Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 452.

Ji/ridopsisWehv. exO. Hoffm., in Bol. Soc. Bret. xiii. p. 33 (189G).

1. 0. xyridopsis O. lloftm. I.e.

HuiLLA. — Capitula yellow. In very elevated pastures flooded in the
rainy season, amidst short grass, in company with Isoetes and species
of Xijiis in Morro de Lopollo : fl. April and May 1860. No. 3992.

67. OTHONNA L. partly; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 453.

1. 0. coriifolia Send, ex Harv. in Harv. & Send. Fl, Cap. iii.
p. 333 (1865).

0. Bainesii O. & H. in Oliv. FI. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 423.

HuiLLA. — An undershrub or shrublet, with the habit of a Lactuca ;
stems erect, 1 to 2 ft. high, several from the same rootstock ; leaves
coriaceous, the blade vertical ; flowers tubular, yellow. In rocky
thickets near Mumpulla, at an elevation of from 4000 to 4500 ft,
sporadic ; fr. and few fl. Oct. 1859. No. 3991.

2. 0. huillensis Welw. ms. in Herb.

An erect, glaiicescent, nearly glabrous shrublet, 1^ to 4 ft.
high, in the form of a little tree, rather fleshy and rigid; stem
sparingly branched, filled as well as the root with a yellow
re.sin ; branches alternate, spi-eading, minutely glandular, densely
leafy towards the apex, thick, fuscous or somewhat ashy, scarred
below, the tomentum forming whitish scaly patches at the scars
of the fallen leaves ; leaves alternate, crowded, spathulate-
oblanceolate, rounded and sometimes minutely cuspidate at the
apex, attenuate at the petiolate base, 1| to 5 in. long (including
the petiole of | to 1 in.) by ^ to Ij in. broad; midrib strongly
marked and pallid from the base, tapering and inconspicuous
towards the apex ; lateral veins very slender ; inflorescence

€04 Lxxi. COMPOSIT.E. [Othomia

terminal, divaricately paniculate, exceeding the foliage, corymbose
or sub- hemispherical, much branched, bracteate, pedunculate, 3 to
€ in. in diameter ; peduncle 1-i to 5 in. long, naked, pallid,
striate ; bracts mostly small and subulate, a few of the lower
ones sub-foliaceous ; capitula hemispherical, i to i in. in diameter,
ecalyculate, heterogamous, radiate, numerous ; ultimate pedicels
I to 1| in. long; involucral scales 5, oval-oblong, obtuse and
ciliolate at the apex, scarious on the lateral margins, connate
and somewhat thickened at the base |^ to i in. long ; flowers
yellow ; female florets about 4, radiate, fertile, with a very obtuse
oblong 5-nerved ligule y\j- to ^ in, broad and short bifid style ;
hermaphrodite florets about 26, barren, i to ^ in. long, discoid,
with a tubular shortly 5-lobed corolla, anthers scarcely exserted,
shortly appendaged at the apex obtuse and exappendiculate at
the base, undivided included style, and puberulous compressed
ovary, surmounted by a uniseriate whitish pappus consisting of
about 50 uniseriate barbellate setse |- to ^ in. long ; achenes of
the ray-florets i in. long, yV i^- broad, not much compressed,
densely pilose, surmounted by a copious pluriseriate slightly
stramineous barbellate setose pappus ^ in. long ; receptacle small,
glabrous, somewhat tubercular.

HuiLLA. — In rocky mountainous places from Lopollo towards J4u ;
fl. and fr. end of April 1860. No. 3569. In rather dry stony hilly
places between Mumpulla and Lopollo ; fl. April and fr. end of May
1860. No. 3570.

Related to 0. triplinervia DC. ; it differs by a more divaricately
branched inflorescence, etc.

3. O.arboresceiisL.Sp.Pl.,edit.2,p.l310(17G3);Harv.,Z.c.,p.338.
MossAMEDES. — A fleshy, rigid shrub, 1 to 2 ft. high, with a yellow

resin ; ramification sometimes pseudo-verticillate, in other cases
forked ; flowers apparently yellow. In dry hilly places about the
Giraiil, plentiful ; past flowering, nearly all the flowers having fallen,
July 1859. No. 3571-

The condition of the specimens does not enable me positively to
identify them, but they agree with this species, except in the shorter
peduncles, which are about 2 in. long and equal or scarcely exceed the
foliage, and in this respect they resemble 0. osteosjjermokles DC. ;
from this latter, however, they differ by the involucral scales being
only 6, instead of 8 ; possibly they belong to an undescribed species.

4. 0. plantaginea Hiern, sp. n.

A csespitose perennial herb, with the habit of a Plantago, 7
to 9 in. high ; rootstock thick, cottony, abrupt, with numerous
enlarged subcylindrical fibres descending from its base ; stem and
the numerous radical leaves densely clothed at their base with
long whitish cottony hairs ; leaves rather thick and rigid ; the
lower ones linear-spathulate, pointed at the apex, attenuate at
the base and quasi-petiolate, erect or suberect, 1- to 3-nerved,
thinly cottony or glabrate, 3 to 6 in. long by ^ to i in. broad,
entire ; cauline leaves few, smaller, linear-lanceolate or subulate ;
capitula broadly campauulate, inconspicuously radiate, solitary,

Othonna] Lxxi. composit.e. 605

terminating the scapelike stem, ^ to 4; in. long, quasi-calyculate
with a few subulate bracteoles, about i in. long, woolly at the
base ; involucral scales about 20, uniseriate, lanceolate-linear,
thinly woolly or puberulous on the back, scarious on the margins,
^ in. long or rather more, each arising from the exterior circum-
ference of the receptacle just above thickened points or adpressed
squamulse ; flowers numerous, yellow ; the outermost ones female,
fertile, shortly ligulate, with exappendiculate recurving style-
branches; the inner ones numerous, discoid, apparently barren,
hermaphrodite ; the corollas tubular, i to f in. long, gradually
widening in the upper half, shortly 5-lobed, the tube scattered
with some short hairs; the lobes lanceolate, obtuse, thickened
and dark at the tip ; the anthers included or nearly so, y\ in.
long, scarcely appendaged at the apex, subobtuse and exappendicu-
late at the base but the upper halves of the filaments thickened ;
style included, not branched, only notched at the apex ; young
achenes rather slender, i in. long or nearly so, 10-ribbedor -striate,
setulose, with a narrow whitish cartilaginous ring round the apex
from which arises the copious white setose pappus ; the setaj ^ in.
long, subuniseriate, slender, minutely barbellate.

Hi'iLLA. — In sandy pastures above Mumpulla, amongr low bushes,
rather rare ; 4000 ft. elevation ; fl. and young fr. Oct. 1K59. No. 3634.

Nearly related to 0. scapigcni Harv. ; it has much more numerous
involucral scales.

5. 0. gracilis Hiern, sp. n.

A slender, erect or ascending, glabrous or subglabrous, glau-
cescentherb; root annual or thickened and possibly perennial;
stem slender, 9 to 18 in. high, leafy at the base ; branches alter-
nate, ascending, somewhat leafy ; leaves alternate, rather fleshy,
narrowly linear-subulate, sessile, ranging up to 3 in. long ; entire
and revolute on the margin ; capitula campanulate-cylindrical,
dilated at the apex during the flowering, discoid, about 25-flowered,
^ in. long, numerous, ecalyculate, on slender, naked or slightly
bracteate pedicels ranging up to V^ in. long, arranged in a rather
lax terminal corymbose cyme of 2 to 8 in. in diameter ; bracts
small, subulate ; involucral scales 8, uniseriate, linear-oblong,
pointed at the apex, scarious on the lateral margins, i to |- in.
long, erect, cohering at the base for a short distance, at length
after the fall of the fruit separating and spreading ; flowers
yellowish, perhaps all hermaphrodite ; about ^ in. long, corolla
tubular, exceeding the involucre, shortly 5-lobed, the outer ones
somewhat spreading; anthers shortly exserted, narrowed, obtuse
and not appendaged at the base ; style undivided or style-branches
very short, truncate and stigmatose at the apex, not appendaged,
equalling the corolla; achenes ~ in. long, glabrous, subterete,
smooth ; setae of the pappus very slender, white, rather copious,
subuniseriate, about ^ in. long, minutely barbellate ; receptacle
narrow.

HuiLLA. — In moist sandy pastures near Nene, after the first rains ;
fl. Oct. 1859. No. 3671. Fl. and fr. Dae. 1859 and Jan. 1860. No. 3672.

606 Lxxi. coMPOSiTiE. [Otkonna

6. 0. brachyanthera Iliern, sp. n.

An erect rigid herb, resembling a Senecio in habit ; rootstock
thick, dark, oblong or ovoid, glabrous, with numerous stiff erect
long glabrous often blackened bristles (apparently the remains of
the petioles of the leaves of previous seasons) at the apex, abrupt
and with several diverging more or less thickened fibres at the
base ; stems several, simple and undivided up to the inflorescence,
yellowish-green or towards the base purplish, striate-sulcate,
straight or nearly so, glabrate or obsoletely or somewhat cottony,
leafy, 1 to 2 ft. high ; radical leaves obovate or oblanceolate,
yellowish-green, rounded and sometimes minutely mucronulate at
the apex, attenuate to the petiolate base, herbaceous, crenulate,
more or less floccose especially beneath when young, with loose
white cotton, soon glabrate, ranging up to 10^ in. long (including
the petiole) by 14 in. broad or more ; stem-leaves alternate,
obovate narrowly elliptical or lanceolate, obtuse or the upper
ones subacute, more or less narrowed to the sessile base, herbaceous,
yellowish-green, crenulate or the uppermost ones minutely so,
grlabrate or obsoletely floccose, suberect, ranging up to 4^ in. long
by 2 in. broad ; capitula discoid, campanulate, f to 4 in. long,
erect, many-flowered, quasi-calyculate at the base, on unequal
slightly cottony pedicels ranging up to 1 in. long and rather
densely arranged in a flat-topped bracteate branched terminal
cyme of 2 to 3 in. in diameter ; bracts narrow, the lower ones
like the uppermost leaves and the upper ones like the scales at
the base of the involucre : flowers yellow ; scales of the quasi-
calyculus subulate, small, few; involucral scales 11 to 14, narrowly
oblong, thinly hairy on the back, straminous except the dark
ciliolate pointed tip, equal, imbricate, uniseriate, rigidly subscarious
on the lateral margins, i to ^ in. long, united at the base around
the top of the nearly naked or papillose not squamose receptacle ;
flowers numerous, yellow, tubular, rather exceeding the involucre,
about -I in. long ; corolla i to |- in. long, glabrous, bullate at the
base, funnel-shaped above the middle, 5-lobed ; the lobes lanceolate,
thickened along the margins and at the darker tips ; anthei'S
about ^^,j in. long, cohering near the apex, shorter than the
slender filaments, shortly appendaged at the apex, obtuse and
exappendiculate at the base, included ; style included or nearly so,
darker than the corolla or stamens, not branched, only notched
at the apex, included, about equalling or a little exceeding the
anthers ; achenes |- to ^ in. long, oblong or at length oval and
somewhat compi-essed, somewhat pubescent, marked with about
10 longitudinal ribs, each rib consisting of 2 adjacent parallel
lines ; pappus whitish, copious, deciduous, about V in. long, setose ;
the setse subuniseriate, very slender, minutely barbellate ; nectary
at the base of the style bullate.

HuiLLA. — In the drier thickets about Lopollo, in company with
Thymelfeaceaj ; fl. and fr. end of Nov. 1859. No. 3683. In shrubby
places near Lopollo ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859. No. 3682.

The quasi-calyculus is exceptional in Othonna and gives the capitula

Othonna] Lxxi. composit.e. 607

an appearance like Senecio, but the absence of style-branches inclines
towards the former genus.

Tribe IX. — Calendule^.
68. TRIPTERIS Less. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 455.

1. T. amplexicaulis Less. Syn. Gen. Comp. p. 90 (1832); non
DC. Calenditla mnplexiaadis Thunb. Prodr. PI. Cap. p. 164
(1800) ; Harv. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. iii. p. 427 (1865).

Huii.LA. — In sunny thickets between Mumpulla and Nene ; fl. and
fr. Oct. 18.59 : Lopollo, Dec. 1859. Xo. 3541. A perennial, sparingly
branched herb, 1 to 3 ft. high ; flowers yellow ; fruiting capitula
nodding or almost pendulous. In the sunny wooded parts of the
Monino country ; fl. and fr. May 1863. No. 3540.

I have not seen Thunberg's type of this species, but Harvey's
description, I.e., agrees fairly well with our specimens.

2. T. microcarpa ITarv., I.e.

MosSAMEDES. — An aromatic, viscid, annual herb ; stem erect,
branched at the apex ; leaves rather fleshy ; florets yellow. In rocky,
hilly, submaritime situations, near Santo Antonio ; fl. and fr. 21 July
1859. No. 3542.

69. OSTEOSPERMUM L. ; Benth 1- Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 455.
1. 0. muricatum E. Mey. ex DC. Prodr. vi. p. 464 (1837) ; 0.
& H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 425 ; 0. Hoflfm. in Bol. Soc.
Bret. X. p. 179 (1893).

HuiLLA. — A very viscid herb, strongly scented, with a woody
perennial root, and small yellow-flowered capitula. In rather dry,
sunny, bushy situations at the river Monino ; fl. and fr. end of Nov.
1859. No. 3539. A perennial herb, scarcely a foot high, with a
woody root, spreading branches, subpinnatifid leaves and small white
flowers. In dry places along the river Monino ; fr. Feb. 1860. The
ripe achenes are I in. long, glabrous, rather shining, very hard, obliquely
obovoid, irregularly pentagonal, and scored across two or three obtuse
angles with several incised transverse furrows. Coll. Carp. 688.

Tribe X. — ARCTOTiDEiE.

70. MERIDIANA Hill, Veg. Syst. ii. p. 121** (1761), and
Hort. Kew. p. 26 (1768) ; non L. f. (1781).

GazaniaQiieYtn. Fruct. ii. p. 451, t. 173, fig. 2 (1791) ; Benth.
& Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 459.

1. M. longifoUa 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. i. p. 353 (1891).

Gazania longifolia Less. Syn. Gen. Comp. p. 48 (1832); Harv.
in Harv. & Sond. iii. p. 477 (1865).

HuiLLA. — Flowers yellow ; the ligulcs yellow inside, purple outside.
In sandy pastures among low bushes, near Lopollo, at an elevation of
5000 ft. ; fl. Dec. 18r)9, foliage (linear, ranging up to near a foot long)
March 18G0. No. 3704-

This determination is doubtful as I have not seen the type of the
species ; our specimen should also be compared with M. sernilata
O. K., I.C. (G. serrulata DC. ; 0. & H. in Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 428),

39

608 Lxxi. COMPOSITE. [Meridicwa

although in the latter species the inner involucral scales are said to be
taper-pointed, and in our plant they are obtuse.

71. BERKHEYOPSIS 0. Hoffm. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat.
Pflanzenfam. iv. 5, p. 311 (1892).

1. B. aizoides O. Hoffm. in Bol. Soc. Brot. x. p. 180 (1893).
MossAMEDES. — Flowers yellow. In gravelly hilly maritime places

at Praia da Amelia, etc., plentiful ; fl. and fr. July and August 1859.
No. 3707.

HuiLLA. — A herb with the habit of a Calendula ; flowers yellow.
In sandy, sparingly bushy pastures, near Nene ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1860.
A form with a more compact habit and longer linear leaves, perhaps
belonging here. No. 3708.

2. B. angolensis O. HofFm., I.e.

MossAMEDES. — Habit and pappus suggestive of Berkheya but the
involucral scales connate nearly to the middle after the manner of
Mcridkma. In maritime thickets to the south of Villa de Mossamedes,
at Praia da Amelia ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 3705. In the sandy
maritime parts of the Giraul, in company with various seaside plants ;
fl. and fr. 9 Sept. 1859. No. 3706.

HuiLLA. — Flowers yellow. In pastures on a sandy clay soil, near
LopoUo ; fl. Dec, 1859. No. 3709. This No. is quoted by O. HofE-
mann, I.e., for the species, but the absence of ripe fruit does not
enable satisfactory identification ; so far as I can judge from the
specimens they much resemble a Gorteria, especially 6?. diffusa Thunb.

72. CROCODILODES Adans. Fam. PI. ii. p. 127 (1763).
Berkheya Ehrh. Beitr. iii. p. 137 (1788) ; Benth. &Hook. f. Gen.
PI. ii. p. 460.

1. C. Autunesii.

Berkheya Autimesii 0. HofTm. in Bol. Soc. Brot. x. p. 181.

PuNCio Andongo. — A perennial herb, with numerous oblique or
ascending stems and yellow flowers. In wooded thickets at the banks
of the rivers Cuanza and LuxiUo, and near Lombe, plentiful ; fl. and
fr. March 1857. No. 3605. In sandy bushy places between Caghuy
and the river Cuanza ; not yet in open fl. April 1857. No. 3606.

HuiLLA. — Flowers yellow. In sunny parts of the forest between
Eme and Ivantala ; not yet in full flower April 1860, and not seen
subsequently. No. 3604.

2. C. WelwitscMi.

Berkheya Wehvitschii 0. Hoffm., I.e., p. 182.

HuiLLA. — A csespitose plant, a foot high, with deep-yellow flowers.
In sandy thickets along the outskirts of forests between Eme and the
lake of Ivantrda ; fr. after the previous year's fl. end of Feb. and
March 1860 ; fl. April 1860. No. 3712. A perennial herb, 2 ft. high,
with the habit of the caulescent species of Carlina ; stems numerous ;
flowers large, golden-yellow. In sandy thickets near LopoUo fr. April
1860. Coll. Carp. 57.

3. C. carlinopsis.

Berkheya carlhwpsis Welw. ex 0. Hoffm. in Bol. Soc. Brot. xiii.
p. 34 (1896).

Crocodilodes] lxxi. cojiposit.e. 609

HuiLLA. — A plant 4 to 5 ft. high, branched towards the apex,
apparently perennial ; flowers yellow. At Ferrilo da Sola towards
Catumba ; fl. and fr. Feb. and May 18G0. No. 3711. The leaves
range up to 4 in. long.

4. C. andongensis Hiern, sp. n.

An erect herb, 3 to 4 ft. high and more, branched near the top,
apparently annual ; stem strict, purplish, sulcate-striate, sub-
terete, pithy, moi'e or less thinly clothed as well as the short
ascending branches, with a soft fugitive white floccose cotton, leafy
throughout ; leaves alternate, narrowly elliptical, bristle-pointed
at the apex, cuneate or the upper ones obtuse at the sessile or
subsessile base, green scabrid and scattered above Avith short
close-lying pimple-based ligid hairs, whitish felted beneath, not
lobed, 2 to 5 in. long by I to 1 in. broad, not decurrent, the
margin biserrulate with all the teeth small and terminating in
setaceous straight bristles ; capitula hemispherical, heterogamous,
radiate, l\ to 2| in. in diameter, usually subgeminate on un-
equal short whitish-felted pedicels of | to 1 in, long, arranged
in several-headed corymbose terminal cymes of about 4 to 6 in.
in diameter ; common peduncle | to 6 in long ; involucral scales
jjluriseriate, spinous-toothed with the prickles patent and glabrous,
thinly white-felted on the back, connate near the base ; the outer
ones siibfoliaceous, linear-lanceolate or including the nearly
sti-aight rigid acute prickles ovate in outline, about f in. long;
flowers of a straw-yellow colour; ray-florets uniseriate, neuter,
about an inch long, styleless; the ligule linear, 5 -nerved ; the
ovary rudimentary, surmounted by a few unequal fringed paleae ;
disk-florets multiseriate, hermaphrodite, fertile, about h in. long,
tubular; the corolla 5-fid, with linear-oblong lobes, the lobes
thickened along the valvate margins ; the anthers nearly equalling
the coi-olla, shortly appendaged at the apex, shortly caudate at
the base ; style branches rather long, exserted, somewhat pointed,
minutely papillose, not appendaged ; ovary densely clothed with
whitish silky hairs, embedded in the pits of the fleshy receptacle,
rather short ; the pits of the receptacle toothed on the margin
with unequal paleaceous acute teeth ; pappus paleaceous ; the
palese about 20, biseriate, oblanceolate ^jj in. long, ciliolate-fringed,
obtuse, silky-setulose on the back, subequal.

PuxGO Andoxgo. — In sandy thickets to the west of the presidium
and near Quitage, not uncommon : fi. Jan. 1857. No. 3713.

This species is nearly related to C. Spekeana (Oliv.) ; it has been
collected by Capello, n. 19, in the interior of Angola, where the local
name is " Guicualo " ; it differs from C. angolemis (0. Hoffm.) by its
herbaceous annual habit.

5. C. gracilis.

Berhheya gracilis 0. Hoffm., ?.c., p. 35.

HuiLLA. —Flowers sulphur-coloured. In sunny rocky mountainous
parts of Morro de Lopollo, plentiful ; 11. and fr. end of April 1860.
No. 3710.

610 Lxxi. COMPOSITE. [Pleiotaxis

Tribe XI. — Mutisiace^.

73. PLEIOTAXIS Steetz ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 487.

1. P. pulcherrima Steetz in Peters, Mossamb. Bot. p. 500,
t. 51 (1863) ; O. & H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 440 ; 0. Hoffm.
in Engl. Bot. Jabrb. xv. p. 536 (1893).

PuNGO Andongo. — A perennial herb ; rootstock woody-tuberous,
with long stout fibres ; leaves coriaceous, green, smooth and strongly-
shining above ; flowers of a deep blood-red colour, distantly resembling
those of a Diantlius. In open wooded places near Mangue ; fl. and fr.
March 1857. No. 3890, and Coll. Cai;p. 674.

2. P. rugosa 0. Hoffm., I.e., p. 538, and in Bol. Sec. Brot. x.
p. 183 (1893).

GoLTjNGO Alto. — A very beautiful perennial herb, 2 J to nearly 4 ft.
high ; rootstock thick, woody, many-headed ; stem erect, sometimdfe
simple and one-headed, in other cases branched and 3- to 5-headed ;
leaves rigid, thick, not succulent, dry, deep green above, whitish
tomentose or clothed with a silky wool beneath ; involucral scales
red-purple ; florets brilliant, from orange to cinnabar-red. In thinly
bushy and sparingly grassy places on the elevated slopes among the
mountains of Sobato de Bumba and of Queta ; fl. and fr. 1855. Native
name " Haca," which is apparently used in a collective sense, as, for
instance, for Dicoma anomala. No. 3887. Suffruticose, fulgent ;
habit that of a Centaurea. Mountains of Alto Queta ; fr. March.
Coll. Carp. 671.

Var. auriculata (Welw.).

Leaves conspicuously amplexicaul and auriculata.

PuxGO Andongo. — An erect, sparingly branched, perennial herb;
leaves deeply rugulose, bright green without gloss above, hoary-silky
beneath ; corolla bright scarlet, as are also the stigmas ; anther-tube
yellowish. In the more elevated bushy part of the prsesidium ; fl. and
fr. middle of Dec. 1856. Only one specimen in the herbarium.
No. 3888. In 10 fully ripe capitula only 27 per cent, of the seeds were
found good. Coll. Carp. 675.

3. P. eximia O. Hoflm., I.e., p. 539.

P. pulcherrima Klatt in Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien, vii, p. 104
(1892); non Steetz.

GoLUNGO Alto. — Flowers red-scarlet. Coll. Carp. 672.

PuNGO Andongo. — A handsome perennial herb, 2 ft. high, obsoletely
branched ; leaves broad ; capitula large ; corolla orange-scarlet as are
also the stigmas. At Muxillo Guinga in the prsesidium ; fl. and fr.
middle of Dec. 1856. No. 3889. Fr. May 1857. Coll. Carp. 676.

The following No. is also referred by 0. Hoffmann to this
species; see Bol. Soc. Brot. xiii. p. 35 (1896) : —

Golungo Alto. — A very beautiful shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high, woody at
the base, patently branched ; capitulum homogamous ; florets scarlet,
all hermaphrodite, equal ; corolla-tube long, the limb 5-cleft ; anthers
caudate, the tails very delicate, capitulate, more or less cohering with
the filaments, downy-pilose ; achenes linear-oblong very sparingly
pilose, canaliculate ; pappus setose, equalling the corolla-tube ; re-
ceptacle alveolate, the alveolae more or less fringed or appendaged

Pleiotaxls] lxxi. coMPOsiTiE. 611

on the margin. On elevated parts of the mountains of Alto Queta,
sparingly. No. 3893. Queta, fr. ; Sept. 1855. Coll. Carp. 673.

4. P. Autunesii O. HofFm., ^.c, p. 539, and in Bol. Sec. Bret. x.
p. 183 (1893).

H u I LLA.— Flowers shining, blood-red. At the bushy drier outskirts
of the forests of Monino ; ti. and fr. April and May 1860. No. 3892.
In hilly herbaceous places by the lake Ivantala, rather rare ; fl. and fr.
Feb. 1860. Apparently belonging to the species, although the achenes
are glabrous or obsoletely hairy. No. 3891. A suffrutescent herb
with rufous-fuscous pappus ; fr. without fl. May 1860. Possibly a
form of this species with glabrous achenes, but the achenes are shorter
than in the above Nos. ; it should also be compared with Vernonia.
Coll. Carp. 691.

5. P. fiilva Hiern, sp. n.

An erect, soft tawny-tomentose undershrub, 2 or 3 ft. high oi'
more ; rootstock woody ; stems several, strict, leafy, simple below,
branched above about the inflorescence; branches spreading,
alternate; leaves narrowly elliptic-oblong, alternate, spreading,
pointed or apiculate at the apex, somewhat narrowed at the base,
sessile or subsessile, coriaceous, rigid, pale-green rugulose with
impressed venation and reticulation and thinly woolly above,
tawny-woolly beneath, minutely crenulate-denticulate on the
margin, 1^ to 3 in. long by i to ^ in. broad ; capitula oblong,
homogamous, about |^ in. long, sessile or on short pedicels, in
spikelike racemes terminal and in the upper axils, arranged in a
flat- topped oblong somewhat leafy and bracteate terminal cyme
6 to 9 in. long ; bracts like the leaves but much smaller; involucral
scales pluriseriate, more or less oblong, obtuse, free to the base,
tawny- woolly on the back, glabrous and shining inside, coriaceous,
the innermost ones linear-oblong about i in. long, the outer ones
successively shorter, the outermost ones broacUy ovate-oblong and
short; flowers rosy- violet in colour; florets all hermaphrodite
and tubular, comparatively few, about ^ in. long; corolla-tube
slender, rather suddenly dilated near the apex, pentamerous ;
lobes linear, ^ in. long ; anthers exserted, acuminate at the apex,
with fimbriate tails at the base ; style-branches exsei'ted, short,
curving outwards, each with a minute broad very obtuse append-
age ; achene (young) oblong angular, adpressedly pilose, ^ in.
long ; pappus nearly ^ in. long, setose, whitish or slightly sti^aw-
coloured, paucLseriate ; the setae somewhat unequal in length,
setulose ; receptacle papillose.

PuNOO Andongo. — In the drier forests, in sunny spots between
Calunda and Mangue ; fl. March 1857. No. 3274.

There is in the Carpological Collection a capitulum in fruit,
which I cannot assign to any of the previous species ; it should
be compared with P. Nev-toni 0. HofFm., I.e., p. 537, the type
of which was obtained in Serra da Chella, but of which I have
seen no authentic example ; I append a description of Welwitsch's
specimen, including his note thereon : —

612 Lxxi. COMPOSITE. [Pleiotaxis

A herb ■with the habit of a Centaurea, rarely caulescent ; radical
leaves massed together, erect ; scapes with but few leaves ; capitulum
solitary, very large ; fruiting involucre spreading, 2 in. in diameter ;
involucral scales pluriseriate, imbricate, minutely ciliate, scattered on
the back with minute adpressed hairs, glabrous within, the outermost
ones ovate-obtuse or subacute short, the inner ones lanceolate longer,
the innermost ones linear, pointed, | in. long ; florets numerous, deep
blue ; achenes f to i in. long, longitudinally and unequally r2-ribbed,
sublinear, narrowed"" and often a little curved towards the base, sub-
compressed, very sparingly pilose with short adpressed hairs ; pappus
I to § in. long, of a slight rufous straw-colour, pauciseriate, setose ; the
setre unequal, minutely setulose ; fruiting receptacle h in. in diameter,
areolate, with depressions in the intervals, the edges of the areolae
shortly fimbriate.

HuiLLA. — In rather dry thickets near Huilla, plentiful ; fr. Nov.
1859. Coll. Carp. 677.

74. ERYTHROCEPHALUM Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen.
PI. ii. p. 488 (1873).

Hcsmastegia Klatt in Annal. Naturhist. Wien, vii. p. 102
(1892). Megcdotheca Welw. ex 0. Hoffm. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb.
XV. p. 541 (1893).

1. E. dianthiflorum O. Hoffm., I.e., and in Bol. See. Bret. x.
p. 183 (1893).

Megalotheca dianthijlora Welw., I.e.

PuNGO Andongo. — A perennial herb, with a habit slightly Car-
duacous ; stems slender, simple and one-headed or branched from the
middle and several-headed ; capitula homogamous, many-flowered,
bright purple throughout except the anthers ; involucre campanulate ;
the scales imbricate, pluriseriate, broadly lanceolate and crowded at
the base, from the middle towards the apex lanceolate and rather
lax, the outer ones shorter, mostly much acuminate, the inner ones
elongated, liguliform, rather obtuse, spinulose-denticulate especially
towards the apex ; florets all tubular, blood-red ; the corolla glabrous,
pentagonal at the bottom, then abruptly contracted into the filiform
tube and at the top abruptly again dilated into the shorter widely
campanulate 5-cleft limb ; the lobes shorter than the tube, reflexed,
triangular lanceolate ; anthers exserted, rather rigid, loosely cohering,
appendaged at the apex each with an erect oblong-globose stipitate
gland, caudate at the base ; the tails fimbriate-lacerate at the tip, pilose,
empty, pellucid, nearly flat, broadly linear ; filaments naked, inserted
in the bottom of the corolla-throat, nearly flat ; pollen spherical,
tolerably large, coarsely echinate ; ovary somewhat compressed, sub-
pentagonal or rarely hexagonal, oblong, narrowed-subtruncate at
both ends, pilose especially on the angles, surmounted by 5 or rarely
6 compressed unequal narrowly linear-lanceolate much acuminate
deciduous palese which are pilose-serrulate on the margin and more or
less as long as the corolla-tube ; style red, strong, glabrous ; its
branches semi-cylindrical, flat inside, with a semicircular ring of hairs
below the apex ; achene glabrate or pubescent, much larger than the
ovary, very hard, ovoid-oblong, obtusely 5- or 6-angled, brown, truncate
at the apex surmounted by the small cyathiform 5-crenate nectary ;
the angles thick, obtuse, more prominent near the base, gibbous-
protruded at the apex ; pappus obsolete ; receptacle paleaceous, the
palese more or less similar to the involucral scales, nearly flat, strongly

Erythrocepludum] lxxi. composit/E. 613

spinulose-denticulate. In wooded copses not far from Mangue by the
way towards Candumba, at an elevation of 3n00 ft. ; ti. and fr. March
1857. Colonial name " Cravos do mato " (forest pink). The plant
furnishes excellent tinder. No. 4000 partly.

HriLLA. — In sandy thickets at the outskirts of rather open forests
between Eme or Munchimo and the lake Ivantala, by no means
plentiful ; fl. and fr. March and April 1860. No. 4000 partly.

Hoffmann in the place first cited quoted in error No. "4022(?)"
for this plant.

75. DICOMA C'a.s8. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 492.

1. D. tomentosa Cass, in Bull. Soc. Philom. (1818), p. 47 ; O. &
H. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 443 ; O. Hoffm. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb.
XV. p. 543 (1893).

Loan DA. — In sandy mint- beds about Maianga do Povo ; fl. and fr.
Feb. 1858. No. 3623.

Icoi.o E Ben(!() and Zexza do GoLUXCio. — A herb, usually erect
but in old age not uncommonly decumbent ; branches crowded, ascend-
ing ; florets very fugacious. On a sandy clay soil, in places flooded in
the rainy season, about the Lagoas de Funda, plentiful ; also in Zenza
do Golungo ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1857. No. 3623.

Bumbo.— In rough sunny situations near Bumbo, beginning of June
1860 ; only one specimen collected. No. 3990.

HuiLL.v. — In sunny rocky places near MumpuUa ; very young fl.-bud
Oct. 1859 ; only two plants seen, perhaps more plentiful in summer.
Apparently this species. No. 3608.

2. D. foliosa 0. Hofifm., I.e., p. 543, and in Bull. Soc. Bret. x.
. 184 (1893).

MossAiiEDEs. — At the calcareous sand-rocks along the banks of the
river Bero near Garganta do Rio Bero ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 3617-
A lovely shrublet, with numerous stems widely and densely spreading
from its many-headed rootstock, scarcely a foot high, recalling some
species of EUchrysa ; flowers tubular-campanulate, of a pleasant purple
colour ; achenes remarkable on account of the structure of their
pappus. In rocky places at the base of Montes negros, in company
with Sarcocaulon mosmmedense (Welw. herb. n. 1607) ; fl. and fr.
10 Aug. 1859. No. 3618. An annual or gradually turning woody
and biennial, with Gnaphalioid habit, the sole ornament of the very
gloomy Black Mountains (Serra de Montes negros) ; fl.-bud 13 Aug.
1859. No. 3619.

3. D. elegans Welw. ex O. Hofim., ll.cc, p. 544, p. 184.
Huilla. — In thin bushy forests between Mumpulla and Nene ; fr.

Oct. 1859. No. 3620. In open forests en a sandy soil near Nene,
in company with species of SterculiaccEe, Leguminosaj, and other
Composite ; not yet in open fl. in May 1860. No. 3621.

4. D. Welwitschii O. Iloffm., lUc, p. 544, p. 184.

PuNGo AxDoNco. — An erect branched herb, becoming woody at the
base ; stems numerous from a very hard woody-tuberous rootstock ;
flowers of a pale straw-colour ; style exserted after the opening of the
flowers ; stigma clavate, with two long cohering lobes. In sandy
open woods near Mopopo and Sansamanda ; fl. and fr. 1 May 1857.
No. 3609.

614 Lxxi. COMPOSITE. [Dicoma

5. D. anomala Sond. in Linnsea xxiii, p. 71 (1850) [anomalum) ;
0. & H., I.e., p. 443.

GoLUNGO Alto. — Habit of a Carlina ; rhizome very thick, 2 to 3 in.
in diameter, spongy ; stems prostrate ; florets purplish, much shorter
than the involucre. On the northern sunny slopes of the mountains
of Alto Queta ; fl. and fr. beginning of June 1855. No. 3607- Root-
stock woody, thick, many-headed ; stems prostrate-ascending. On the
dry more elevated declivities of the mountains of the central Queta,
Carengue ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1855. No. 3613. On the rocky slopes of
Alta Queta among short grass; fl. and fr. June 1856. No. 3614.
Native name " Haca," which is also used in this district for Pleiotaxis
rugosa: see Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 209 (1884).

Var. karaguensis 0. & H., I.e. ; O. Hoflfm. in Bol. Soc. Brot.
X. p. 185 (1893). D. karaguensis Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix.
p. 103, t. 70 (1873).

HuiLLA. — In open gravelly pastures near Mumpulla; fl. and fr.
Oct. 1859. No. 3610. A rather rigid herb ; stems numerous ; leaves
spreading, green above, whitish beneath ; florets rosy, 5-cleft, with
erect patent-lobes revolute at the tips. In sandy thickets near the
Monino; fl. Feb. 1860. No. 3611. A perennial herb, with the habit
of the caulescent Carlince, a foot high ; rootstock thick, woody, several-
headed ; stems 2 to 5, erect ; branches corymbose ; capitula terminal ;
florets tubular, purple ; corolla-lobes linear, circinate-revolute ; anthers
paleaceous ; style rather thick, straight, cylindrical, simple, scarcely
bifid ; stigma capitate, scarcely or slightly bifid or emarginate at the
apex ; receptacle flat, deeply alveolate. In hilly bushy sandy places
near Lopollo, plentiful ; fl. and fr. March 1860. No. 3612.

6. D. plantaginifolia 0. Iloffm. in Engl., I.e., p. 546.

PuNGO Andongo. — A perennial herb; radical leaves adpressed to
the ground, the flowers unfortunately not yet developed, nor even the
stem. In bushy pastures at the banks of the river Cuanza, sparingly ;
in very young fl.-bud March 1857. Apparently this species, of which
I have not seen a type specimen. No. 3615.

7. D. nana Welw. ms, in herb.

A dwarf perennial rigid plant, about 2 in. high; rootstock
somewhat woody and prjemorse, giving oflf numerous cord-like
fibres, simple or divided at the apex ; stem very abbreviated, less
than 1 in. long, suffrutescent, simple and erect or divided with
very short diverging branches, clothed with the clasping leaf-
bases or their remains ; leaves crowded, obovate, shortly cuspidate
or rounded at the apex, wedge-shaped towards the quasi-petiolate
clasping base, rigidly subherbaceous, subentire, minutely toothed,
3- or 5-nerved at or near the base and 3-nerved rather above the
base, closely reticulate greenish subglabrous and minutely glan-
dular-scaly above, whitish with appressedly cottony felt beneath,
1|- to 3 in. long by ^ to 1|^ in. broad, more or less spreading;
capitula broadly campanulate, 1^ in. long, many-flowered, appa-
rently homogamous, terminal or subterminal and axillary or
lateral, sessile, solitary or approximated; involucre 1 to l|^in. long ;
involucral scales multiseriate, imbricate, dryly coriaceous, rigid,
with subscarious lateral margins, glabrous, shining, pungent at

Dicoina] lxxi. composit.e. 615

the apex, lanceolate or oblong-linear, erect or adpressed, the outer
short, the inner successively longer, some § in. long; corolla
tubular, deeply 5-lobed ; the lobes sublinear, narrowed gradually
to the scarcely acute apex ; anthers rather shorter than the
corolla-lobes, with lanceolate appendages at the apex and long
narrow fringed ciliate acute tails at the base ; style included, sub-
clavate, notched at the apex ; achenes densely pilose-setulose,
^ in. long ; pappus pluriseriate, wholly setose, ^ to ^ ^^- ^^^S >
the setfe whitish, unequally long, plumose.

HfiLi.A. — In the drier pastures about Lopollo and Mumpulla,
abundant ; not yet in ft. Oct. 1859 ; one specimen in fl. and fr. May
18G0. No. 3616.

76. PERDICIUM L. Diss. PL Ear. Afr. p. 22, n. 72 (Dec. 1760).
Gerbera Gronov. ex L. Cor. Gen. PI. p. 16 (1737); Benth. &

Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 497. Gerheria Cass, in Bull. Soc. Philom.
1817, p. 34 (Feb.).

1. P. piloselloides.

Ariiica piloselloides L., I.e., p. 22, n. 73. Gerheria piloselloides
Cass, in Diet. Sc. Nat. xviii. p. 461 (1820); 0. & H. in Oliv. Fl.
Trop. Afr. iii. p. 445 (Gerbera) ; O. Hoffm.in Eng. Bot. Jahrb. xv.
p. 546 (1893); and in Bol. Soc. Brot. xiii. p. 35 (1896).

PuNGO And()X(;<). — A perennial stemless herb, with the habit of a
Scorzonera ; root-fibres fieshy, fasciculate ; scape erect ; capitula
nodding. In thickets about the prsesidium, sporadic : fl. and fr. Dec.
1856. No. 3598.

HuiLLA. — Flowers white-violaceous in colour. In bushy rocky
sparingly herbaceous places near Lopollo at the river : fl. and fr. Nov.
and Dec. 1859. No. 3597- The scapes range up to 15 in. long.

2. P. abyssinicum.

Gerbera abyssinica Schultz, Bip. ex A, Each. Fl. Abyss, i. p. 458
(1847) ; O. & H., I.e., p. 445; O. HofFm. in Engl., I.e., p. 547; and
in Bol. Soc. Brot., I.e., p. 185.

PuN'GO Andoxgo. — A perennial, csespitose, stemless herb ; rhizome
becoming rather woody ; scapes erect ; capitula somewhat nodding :
flowers yellow. In dense sandy thickets between Pungo Andongo and
the river Lutete ; fl.and fr. Oct. 189G. No. 3599. Rootstock perennial,
many-headed ; habit almost of Ajmrgia ; flowers golden-yellow; widely
csespitose in sandy bushy or wooded places between the pra^sidium and
the river Cuanza : fl. and young fr. middle of Dec. 185G. No. 3600.

HuiLLA. — Flowers yellow. In thinly bushy places along the right
bank of the Lopollo river ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859. No. 3602. In the
drier thickets on the right bank of the Lopollo stream ; fl. Dec. 1859.
No. 3603. In bushy pastures near Lopollo towards Jilu ; fl. Jan. and
Feb. 18G0. Receptacle plane-convex, somewhat alveolate, scattered
with a few short teeth. No. 3601,

Tribe XII.— Cichoeiace.e.

77. TOLPIS Adans. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 508.

1. T.fruticosa Schrank,Pl. Ear.Hort.Monac. n. 46 c. tab. (1819).
Crepis filiformis Ait. Hort. Kew., edit. 1, iii. p. 128 (1789).

616 Lxxi. COMPOSITE. [Toljns

C. svcculenta Ait., I.e. Hieracium fruticosum Willd. Sp. PL iii.
1591 (1800). T.filifwmis DO. Prodr. vii. p. 87 (1838). T. succu-
lenta Lowe, Fl. Mad. i. p. 525 (1868).

Yar. multifida (Lowe, I.e., p. 527).

Island of Madeira. — A somewhat shrubby herb, 6 to 18 in. high,
with pretty yellow flowers. In stony places between Funchal and
Camara dos Lobos, plentiful ; fl. and fr. August 1853. No. 3624.

78. CREPIS L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen PI. ii. p. 513.

1. C. bumbensis Hiern, sp. n.

A perenmal herb, about a foot high or a little more; root sub-
napiform, f in. thick ; leaves all radical or nearly so, forming a
rosette, oblanceolate, not lobed, denticulate-repand, usually
rounded and minutely mucronulate at the apex, wedge-shaped
towards the sessile or scarcely petiolate somewhat dilated or
clasping base, thinly herbaceous, green and minutely or obsoletely
glandular-scaly on both faces, scattered beneath with some broad-
based simple short inconspicuous hairs, 2 to 2^ in. long by f to ^ in-
broad ; stems several, scapiform, loosely and dichotomously divided
about thrice from near the base upwards, bracteate, rather slender,
shining, nearly glabrous, erect or ascending ; the ultimate branches
pedunculiform, 1 to 5j in. long and puberulous about the apex ;
bracts small, from a clasping or sessile base, narrow or subulate,
the upper ones smaller ; capitula many-flowered, campanulate in
flower, rather oblong in fruit, ^ to |^ in. broad ; singly termi-
nating the branches of the scapelike stem, erect, calyculate ; the
scales of the calyculus about 7, unequal, subglabrous, almost
continuous with the upper bracts and similar to them, half as
long as the involucral scales or shorter ; involucral scales uni-
seriate, 12, narrowly lanceolate-linear, obtuse, hispid and marked
with black glandular dots along the back, ^ in. long in flower,
f in. long and thickened about the base in fruit, somewhat
concave by the inflection of the subscarious lateral margins;
flowers yellow ; achenes slender, slightly contracted towards the
base, beaked at the apex, ^ in. long including the beak, glabrous,
10-ribbed; the ribs minutely serrulate; pappus whitish, |- in.
long, half exserted ; receptacle at length naked punctulate and
exposed by the reflection of the involucre.

Bumbo. — In the wooded meadows of Catumba, rather rare ; fl. and
fr. Dec. 1859. No. 3667-

This is nearly related to C. carhonaria Schultz Bip., but the in-
florescence diflrers.

2. C. ephemera Hiern, sp. n.

A glabrous erect herb, 2^ to 3 ft. high or more ; root aboiit ~ in.
thick, firmly fleshy, elongated, apparently perennial; stems
solitary or two together, rigid, rather slender, sulcate, simple
below, straight or somewhat sinuous, branched above at the
inflorescence ; leaves mostly radical and rosulate, obovate, obtuse
at the apex wedge-shaped at the sessile or subsessile almost
clasping base, toothed or remotely denticulate, thinly herbaceous.

Cre2ns] lxxi. coMPosiTiE. 617

1^ to 2^ in. long by i to 1 in. broad ; stem-leaves alternate,
narrow, few, suberect ; capitula campanulate in flower, hemi-
spherical in fruit, calyculate, ?, to ;} in. long, about SG-flowcred,
on rather slender pedicels ranging up to 2^ in. long, arranged in
a wide rather lax dichotomous terminal flat-topped terminal
cyme ; bracts small, lanceolate or subulate ; scales of the calyculus
small, about 10, resembling the uppermost bracteoles ; involucral
scales about 20, subequal, narrowly linear- lanceolate, acute^
uniseriate with sometimes an extra interior one, inserted together
round the base of the recejitacle, i to }. in. long, rather thickened
at the base, with scarious margins, reflected in fruit ; flowers
yellow ; receptacle somewhat foveolate with the edges of the
depressions toothed, without conspicuous scales, somewhat convex
in fruit ; corollas about ^ in. long, slender, glandular-hairy about
the lower part ; achenes narrowly oblong, somewhat angular,
glabrous, ribbed, reddish-brown, minutely muriculate, a little
narrowed at the base, slightly contracted towards the truncate
apex, y\r in. long ; pappus pauciseriate, slightly straw-coloured, i in.
long, setose ; the seise minutely scabrid.

HuiLLA. — In bushy pastures from Ferrao da Sola in the direction of
Nene ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1860. No. 3665- In the pastures of Lopollo
amongst low bushes, ephemeral ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1860. No. 3666.

3. C. cichoriodes Hiern, sp. n.

An erect, hispidulous, robust herb, 2 to 4 ft. high, with the
habit of a Cickormm ; root rather thick, apparently biennial or
perennial ; stem solitary, simple up to the inflorescence, straight,
sulcate-striate, pallid and leafy at the base and on the lower
part, dichotomously branched and leafless at the upper part ;
leaves alternate, mostly lyrate-pinnatifid, oblong or obovate-
oblong, rounded and apiculate at the apex, narrowed towards the
clasping often petiole-like base, thinly herbaceous, grey-green at
least beneath, scattered with short hispidulous hairs on the midrib
and veins, minutely aculeate-denticulate on the margin, 3 to 6 in.
long by f to 2-^- in. broad, the lobes obtuse, the upper leaves not
lobed; capitula cylindrical, 9 or 10-flowered, homogamous,
homocarpous, ^ in. long, on unequal pedicels ranging up to
^ in. long, arranged in a rather open corymbose terminal
cyme about 6 in. in diameter ; involucral bracts imbricate,
pauciseriate, lanceolate or oblong, rather thin, obtuse, the
outer ones hispidulous along the middle of the back, the inner
ones about 12, thinner and longer, about i to | in. long ; flowers
all ligulate, the ligules whitish or slightly purplish, 5-toothed
at the tip ; receptacle foveolate ; achenes ] in. long, ellipsoidal
or ovoid-oblong, reddish brown, deeply sulcate, ribbed, angular,
almost alate, microscopically muriculate, narrowed at the apex
into a slender beak about half as long as itself ; pappus pilose,
|- to i in. long, very soft, copious ; the setae pauciseriate, very
slendei', whitish, only microscopically barbellate.

HuiLLA, — In meadows between Lopollo and the lake of Ivantala.
sparingly ; fl. and fr. 4 Jan. 1860. No. 3653.

€18 Lxxi. COMPOSITE. [Co-epis

4. C. Dumicola Hiern, sp. n.

An erect, hispiduloiis, grey-green, sturdy herb, 10 to 14 in.
high ; root terete, ^ in. thick, apparently biennial or perennial ;
stem solitary, straight or slightly sinuous, striate, simple or
bipartite, somewhat leafy ; lower leaves rosulate, obovate not or
scarcely lobed, doubly denticulate, rounded or apiculate at the
apex, wedge-shaped to the petioliform clasping base, 2 to 3^ in.
long by f to 1|- in. broad, the toothlets shortly aculeiform ;
stem-leaves smaller, rather few, suberect, oblong or lanceolate,
sessile, clasping ; capitula cylindrical-oblong in flower, campanu-
late in fruit, f in. long, 6 to 10-flowered, on unequal scabrid
pedicels ranging up to 1^ in. long or less, arranged in a dense or
rather lax narrowly oblong bracteate cyme terminating the
quasi-pedunculiform stem, the lower bracts foliaceous, the upper
smaller; involucral scales imbricate, paueiseriate, obtuse, from
ovate to sublinear, nearly glabrous, slightly and minutely
glandular on the back, thinly coriaceous, narrowly scarious on
the margin, the inner ones the longest and thinnest, elongated in
fruit; corollas rather exceeding the involucre; achenes ovoid-
oblong, I in. long, at length not compressed, obtusely angular,
suboblique, deeply furrowed, ribbed, minutely wrinkled, reddish-
brown (in the dry state), obtusely and obliquely nai-rowed at the
base, contracted at the apex into a very short beak ; pappus i in.
long, copious, whitish, somewhat spreading, setose ; the setse
slender, only microscopically barbellate ; receptacle foveolate.

HuiLLA. — In thickets on the right bank of the Lopollo stream ;
fi. and fr. Nov. and Dec. 1859. No. 3651.

5. C. ambacensis Hiern, sp. n.

An erect perennial herb, about 2|- ft. high; root tuberous,
milky ; stem purple, terete, simple up to the inflorescence, leafy
and puberulous below, subglabrous and naked or nearly so about
the middle, corymbosely branched at the terminal inflorescence ;
leaves narrowly oval-oblong, alternate, undivided, closely den-
ticulate, apiculate at the apex, not much narrowed to the sessile
more or less auriculate clasping base, glaucescent, glabrous or
nearly so except along the hispid midrib, 1| to 3 in. long by ^ to
I" in. broad; capitula 10- or 11 -flowered, campanulate-oblong,
^ to § in. long, glabrous, on short unequal puberulous pedicels,
arranged in a rather lax terminal cyme 4 to 5 in. in diameter ;
involucral scales pluriseriate, imbricate; the inner ones linear-
lanceolate, obtuse, about ^ in. long, 8, biseriate, glabrous or
nearly so, somewhat thickened at the base ; the outer scales
shorter ; flowers blue, about ^ in. long ; achenes f in. long
including the pappus, or -f^ in. excluding the pappus, subfusiform,
often obliquely so, scarcely at all compressed, longitudinally
ribbed, attenuate at the apex into a short beak of ^^ in. long,
nearly glabrous or minutely hispidulous ; pappus whitish, slightly
coloured, copious, setose, the setae minutely barbellate.

Ambaca. — In thickets on a clay soil near Pari Cacarambola,
sparingly ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1856. No. 3663.

Laciuca] lxxi. composit^e. 619'

79. LACTUCA Tournef., L. ; Benth. A Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 524.

1. L. goraeensis Schultz Bip. in Flora xxv. p. 422 (21 July
1842); O. & 11. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 452.

Sonchiis gormisis Lam. Encyl. Meth. iii. p. 397 (1789) ; non Less.
Laumva goneensis 0. Hofim. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam,
iv. 5, p. 370 (1894).

LoANDA. — An annual erect herb ; radical leaves rosulate, variously
shaped ; stem sometimes only 7 in. high and sparingly branched,
sometimes 2 to 3 ft. high and very much branched ; flowers yellow,
like lettuce. The whole plant is eaten by the negroes, and the leaves
are prepared and eaten by the colonists after the fashion of lettuce.
In places neglected after cultivation and at the sandy margins of
dried-up streams, plentiful ; Quicuxe ; tl. and fr. 7 Feb. 1859, got in
company with Governor Amaral. Colonial name " Serralhas " (milk
lettuce). No. 3629. An annual or biennial erect herb, simple or
sparingly branched, milky, with the habit of this genus or of Smichiis ;
stem smooth, glaucescent ; leaves variable, membranous, quickly
withering ; ligules of the florets pale yellow, flesh-coloured-purplish
outside. It is used like endive as a salad and Welwitsch pi-onounced
it very relishing. In rather dry and in moist places among low bushes
throughout the district, not uncommon ; between the two Maiangas ;
fl. and fr. Feb. 1858. No. 3630. At Loanda ; fl. and fr. May 1854.
No. 3631.

Cape de Verde Islands. — Along the rocks at the shore near Yilla
da Praya, in the island of San Thiago, tolerably plentiful, but mostly
past flowering ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1861. Our specimens much resemble
Lactuca nudiatulis Murr. in Nov. Comment. Gotting. iii. p. 74, t. 4
(1773), but the achenes differ in having a very short beak. No. 3652.

2. L. petrensis Hiern, sp. n.

An erect subglaucescent perennial herb, 9 to 15 in. high or
more ; rootstock rather tliickened and almost woody ; stems
sulcate-striate, glabrate or puberulous above with short simple
hairs, leafy throughout ; leaves alternate, oval-oblong, acute at the
apex, broad or somewhat narrowed at the sessile or subsessile clasp-
ing base, thinly herbaceous, denticulate and sometimes with a few
short spreading lateral lobes, scattered on both faces with minute
glandular adpressed scales, hispid with rather long and fleshy
simple hairs along the midrib, otherwise glabrous, 2 to 3 in. long
by |- to 1 in. broad ; the teeth spreading, unequal, acute, often
prickly ; capitula broadly campanulate, many-flowered, about |- in.
long or rather more, on rather substantial pedicels ranging up to
2 in. long, arranged in flat-topped rather dense bracteate terminal
somewhat leafy cymes 1^ to 2 in. broad ; bracts intermediate in
form and size as well as position between the ordinary leaves and
the involucral bracts, sessile, clasping ; involucral scales imbricate,
pluriseriate, mostly subacute at the apex, not thickened at the
base, the outermost ones broadly ovate often obtuse, the inner
ones successively longer and more oblong, the innermost ones
linear-lanceolate or sublinear si;bobtuse I in. long, all partly
clothed with minute glandular adpressed scales on the back, thinly
coriaceous with thinner coloured or scarious margins; flowers

620 Lxxi. COMPOSITE. [Lactuca

yellow ; young achenes all alike, much compressed, elliptic-oblong,
somewhat narrowed at the base, narrowed at the apex into a
short beak, glabrous, with a central and sublateral rib on each
side, i in. long ; pappus copious, i in. long, setose, whitish, unequal ;
the setse minutely scabrid, the outermost ones very short ; re-
ceptacle without conspicuous scales.

HriLLA. — In hilly rocky places near Mumpulla, towards Nene ; fl.
Oct. 1859. No. 3655. At LopoUo ; fl. and young fr. Jan. 1860.
No. 3654.

This is nearly related to the next species.

3. L. imbricata Hiern, sp. n.

A robust very nearly glabrous glaucescent herb, strictly erect,
4 to 6 ft. high ; stem and branches sulcate-striate, fistular ; stem-
leaves alternate, pinnati-partite, rigidly membranous, acute, 6 to
8 in. long, the terminal lobe narrowly linear-lanceolate 4 to 5 in.
long, the uppermost pair of the lateral lobes erect-patent similar,
li to 2^ in. long, all or most of the other lateral lobes much
shorter patent obtuse acute or acutely dentiform ; capitula cam-
panvilate, many-flowered, nearly an inch long, on pedicels ranging
up to li in. long, arranged in rather lax, dichotomous, corymbose
or obovoid cymes ; involucral scales imbricate, pluriseriate, obtvise,
not thickened at the base, the outermost ones short and very broad,
the inner ones successively longer and more oblong, the innermost
ones sublinear, f in. long, all covered at least on the exposed part
of the back with groups of minute very glandular specks arranged
in intricate closely-figured series, coriaceous with the margins
thinner and coloured or scarious ; flowers yellow ; the corollas
rather exceeding the involucre; achenes all alike, compressed,
dark reddish, ovate-oblong, ^ to -^-^ in. long or at length shorter
and blunter, obtusely narrowed at the base, attenuate at the apex
into the short beak, glabrous, surrounded with a thickened border
and with a rib along the centre of each side ; pappus f to f in.
long, whitish but rather drab, copious, deciduous together, setose,
the setse (except microscopically) smooth ; receptacle naked or
without conspicuous scales.

HuiLLA. — In thickets at the outskirts of the Monino forests ; fl. and
fr. Dec. 1859. No. 3656.

The imbricate involucre in this plant suggests Troximon or Reichardia
rather than Lactuca ; the ribs on the fruit place it near to L. Schwein-
furthii O. & H.

4. L. Macroseris Hiern, sp. n.

An erect subglabrous subglaucescent robust herb, 7 to 9 ft. high,
with the habit of a Sonchus, milky in all parts, perennial ; root
thick, succulent, oblique ; stem solitary, terete, striate, straight,
simple, widely fistular, purple throughout, almost an inch in
diameter at the base, more or less leafy throughout ; leaves
alternate, pinnatifid, the lower ones deeply so, the upper ones
scarcely lobed, denticulate, apiculate, thinly herbaceous, rather
paler and aculeate-hispidulous along the midrib beneath, abruptly
narrowed into a quasi-petiolate auriculate-clasping base or the

Lactuca] lxxi. coMrosiTvE. 621

upper ones broad and auriculate at the sessile l>ase, ranging to a
foot long by 4 in. broad, the lower ones the largest, the uppermost
ones small ; the lobes ovate, the terminal one the largest ; capituJa
oblong in flower, campanulate in fruit, about f in. long, very
numerous, 10- or 11-flowered, on short pedicels, arranged in dense
oblong thyrsoid bracteate and bracteolate somewhat pu])erulous
cymes which are quasi-pedunculate and terminate the stem ;
bracts like the uppermost leaves but smaller; bracteoles very
small, ovate, acute,, sessile ; involucral scales purple, imbricate,
pauciseriate, ovate or ovate-oblong or oblong-obtuse ; the inner-
most the longest, 10, about \ in. long, thinly coriaceous with
thinner subscarious margins, minutely glandular-puberulous on
the back, glabrous and shining inside ; flowers all hermaphrodite,
ligulate, shoi'tly exceeding the involucre ; the ligules milk-white,
rather concave, longitudinally plicate, 5-toothed at the tip, sub-
patent at the time of the open flower ; anther-tube purplish ;
stigmas recurved, pubescent, violet-purple ; achenes oblong or oval-
oblong, rather compressed, orange-coloured, marked with about 5
longitudinal raised delicately muriculate ribs and intermediate
furrows on each face, \ in. long, obtusely narrowed towards both
ends, abruptly contracted at the denticulate trunculate apex into
a very short slender beak or stalk ci^owned with the snow-white
setaceous copious pauciseriate pappus which is about the same
length as the achene ; x'eceptacle somewhat foveolate.

GoLUXfio Alto.— In Sobato Quilombo ; fl. Feb. 1855. No. 3659.
In open bushy places in Sobato Quilombo ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1865.
No. 3658.

PuNGO Andoxgo. — In the rocky thickets of Catete, in the prsesidium,
sporadic ; fl. and fr. middle of Jan. 1857. No. 3660.

This plant was regarded by Welwitsch as a new generic type.

5. L. capensis Thunb. Prodr. PI. Cap. p. 139 (1800); 0. & H.,
I.e., p. 452.

GoLUXGO Alto. — A herb ; root biennial, fleshy ; stem \\ to 3 ft.
high, virgately branched ; flowers from whitish to yellowish. Near
Sange ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1855. No. 3633.

6. L. abyssinica Fresen. in Mus. Senckenb. iii. p. 72 (1839);
0. & H., I.e., p. 453.

GoLUNGO Alto. — A glaucescent herb, branched from the base ;
ligule of the ray-florets flat, milkwhite, equally 5-toothed at the apex,
spreading, quickly disappearing ; disk-florets few, erect ; stigmas
exserted, curved inwards. In bushy rather dry situations in the
road near Mussengue ; fl. and fr. G Oct. 1855. No. 3625. Rhizome
tuberous, perennial ; stem ascending, milky ; florets whitish within,
rosy or sordid-purplish outside ; fl. and fr. beginning of Nov. 1855.
No. 3626. A subglaucous herb, 3 to 4 ft. high ; flowers pendulous,
clear-white, producing from afar the effect of a species of an
Anthericum or of an Arthropodiutii. At the outskirts of thickets along
the road leading towards Menha-Lula, sparingly ; fl. and fr. 23 July
1855. No. 3627. A milky glaucous herb, with thick rootstock,
erect or ascending, 2 to 3 ft. high or more ; ligules 5 to 7, obovate-
spathulate, white, occasionally with a rosy tint, spreading at the time

622 Lxxi. COMPOSITE. [Lactuca

of the flower. In bushy rather dry places near Sange ; fl. and fr.
August 1856. No. 3628. In wooded places at the borders of thickets
in Sobato Quilombo ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1855. No. 3637.

This species is vei-y closely related to L. capemis Thunb., and has
been united with it by some authors.

7. L. andongensis Hiern, sp. n.

An erect branched herb, 11 ft. high, apparently biennial,
glabrous or nearly so ; stem reddish ; lower leaves oblong, undi-
vided, denticulate, obtuse, sessile, scarcely narrowed at the base,
1 to li in. long ; fruiting capitula campanulate, nearly an inch
long, on unequal pedicels ranging up to 2^ in. long, arranged
in a rather lax oblong terminal cyme ; involucral scales pluri-
seriate, imbricate ; the inner ones about 1 2 in 2 or 3 rows linear-
lanceolate, acute, about f in. long, glabrous or nearly so ; the
outer ones shorter, more deltoid, minutely pruinose-pulverulent
on the back ; achenes |^ in. long including the pappus or half as
long excluding the pappus, narrowly elliptical, attenuate towards
the apex into a beak nearly as long as the body of the achene,
somewhat compressed, more or less scattered with very short
hairs, marked on each side with one principal and two slighter
nerves; pappus whitish, f in. long, copious, setose, the setae
scaberulous.

PUNGO Andongo. — In bushy places on a sandy clay soil, near
Luxilla ; fr. ; only one specimen, Jan. 1857. No. 3657.

80. SONCHUS Tournef., L.: Benth. & Hook. f.Gen. PL ii. p. 528.

1. S. oleraceus L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 794 (1753); 0. & H. in
Oliv. n. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 457.

LoANDA. — In cultivated plots near Loanda, at Esquina de Bungo
rather rare ; fl. and fr. May 1854. No. 3641.

GoLUNGO Alto. — An annual glaucous herb ; stem strictly erect,
rather rigid as well as the leaves ; flowers pale yellow. In damp
grassy places on the left bank of the stream Quiapoze, roadway near
Menha-Lula; fl. and fr. Jan. 1854. No. 3639. A much-branched
annual herb, 3 to 6 ft. high, usually beset (as in Europe) with
pertinacious white mucor-like patches on the leaves ; achenes trans-
versely rugulose on the ribs and interspaces. Almost everywhere in
cultivated and rich waste places, perhaps originally introduced with
seeds from Europe ; in the court of the residency, July 1855.
No. 3642. Achenes transversely rugulose. In moist warm places
near Camilungo ; fr. May 1856. No. 3643. Both in cultivated and
in uncultivated places near the dwellings of the negroes, at Bango ; f r.
April 1855. No. 3644.

Var. asper L., I.e.

S. asper Hill, Herb. Brit. p. 47, c. fig. (1769).

GoLUNGO Alto. — A glaucescent rather rigid rough herb, 2 to 5 ft.
high ; stem acutely alate-angular with the decurrent keels of the
leaves, towards the base as well as the leaves reddish or purple, on the
upper part nearly bare and obtusely angular with the angles obsolete
or but little prominent ; flowers sulphur-yellow ; ligules tridentate,
sordid-red or brick-red beneath ; receptacle foveolate, with a small

^S'onchus] Lxxi. coMPOsiT/E. 623

hemispherical elevation, on which the achene is seated, in each
depression. In marshy beds of reeds and reed-maces on the right
bank of the river Cuango and at the banks of the stream Quiapoze,
plentiful, flowering from Octol>er to January ; Varzea do Isidro,
fl. and fr. 20 Oct. 18o5. The achenes are longitudinally ribbed, but
not transversely rugulose. No. 3640-

2. S. Schweinfurthii O. ct 11. ii:i01iv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 458.
Goi.rxcio Alto. — ^A glaucescent, erect or decumbent herb, 3 to 4 ft.

high ; foliage variable. In damp palm-groves near Bango ; fr. May
185G. Capitnla sub.solitai'y. No. 3645- In similar situations in
Sobato de Bumba ; 11. and fr. Oct. ISoo. No. 3646. An elegant herb,
3 to 4 ft. high or more ; flowers jiale yellow. In palm-groves near
Bango Aquitamba ; 11. July LsrM). No. 3647- No notes ; fr. No. 3643.

Var. violaceus. Flowers bluish-purple or violet-coloured.

HuiLLA. — A herb 4 to G ft. high. In moist herbaceous places, not
far from the river Quipumpunhime, plentiful but nearly all the
specimens damaged by flood ; fl. and fr. Jan. 18G0. No. 3649.

3. S. FischeriO. HofTm. in. Engl. Pfl. Ost.-Afr., C, p. 421 (1895).
Lactuca Welwitschii Elliot in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxix. p, 30 (1891).
PuNGO Andongo. — An annual, very milky herb, with the habit of

a Lactuca ; florets yellowish. In the gravelly beds of a dried-up
stream in the pra3sidium near Catete, sparingly ; fl. and fr. April
1857. No. 3661. An annual herb, root swelling, milky, very bitter ;
scapes 2 ft. high, not uncommonly turning purple as also do the
obovate or oblong radical leaves ; florets sulphur-yellow ; achenes
compressed, ribbed, the ribs not transversely rugose. In a sandy
bushy part of the open forest between the pra^sidium and Luxillo,
plentiful but seen only in one spot ; fl. and fr. beginning of May
1857. The scapes are either solitary or in pairs. No. 3662.

I have not seen the type of 0. Hoffman's species, which was
founded on a plant from Usula-Usiha in Mas.sailand. Elliot describes,
I.e., this species as perennial, and includes under it a plant of his own
gathering from Fort Dauphin in Madagascar. The following Nos.
should be compared with this species : —

G()LrN(i() Alto. — A herb, G to 12 in. high ; root thick, milky,
perennial ; leaves radical, glaucescent, rosulate ; flowers whitish. In
hilly rather dry sunny places between Trombeta and Camboudo ; fl.
and fr. Sept. 1854. No. 3632.

Amdaca. — A herb, apparently perennial, but flowering in its first
year ; root branched, cylindrical, vertical, several-headed ; radical
leaves obovate, rosulate ; stems erect, much branched, sparingly and
only at the base leafy ; flowers yellowish. In bushy pastures between
Halo and Zambe ; fl. and fr. Oct. 185G. No. 3634.

HuiLL.v. — Flowers yellowish. In varzeas (meadows) along the
banks of the Lopollo stream, plentiful but very quickly disappearing ;
fl. and fr. Dec. 1859. No. 3664.

4. S. Elliotianus.

Dianthoseris sp., Scott Elliot in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 84
(1894). Lactuca nana Baker in Kew Bull. 1895, p. 17. Cf.
S. names 0. Hoffm. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr., C, p. 421 (1895);
non Sond. (1865).

A.MBACA. — A perennial herb, \\ to 3 in. high ; rhizome 1 to 2 in.
ihick, milky, densely shaggy tomentose at its crown, many-headed ;

40

624 Lxxi. c(BiPosiTiE. [Sonchus

leaves lanceolate-spathulate, | to 2h in. long, developed after the
flowers ; flowers yellow, appearing at the beginning of spring in
September and October; achenes narrow, truncate at both ends, about
5-ribbed on each face ; pappus white, setae smooth. On bushy slopes
near Halo on the left bank of the river Lucala ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1856.
No. 3635. A herb ; root thick, cylindrical, milky, many-headed ;
young leaves lanceolate, subrepand, glaucous-green ; flowers lettuce-
like, yellow, precocious, fugacious. In thickets at H^lo, plentiful,
after the burnings ; fl. and young fr. 8 June 1857. No. 3636.

I have not seen O. Hoffman's type ; our specimens differ in having
fewer florets (13 or 14) in the capitula, and the inner involucral scales
are 8 only.

The following No., represented by a bad specimen, the young^
flowers of which bad been attacked by an insect, perhaps belongs
here : —

HuiLLA. — Leaves radical, 1 to If in. long ; scape branched, 3 in.
high ; involucral scales 5. In pastures near Mumpulla, not found
again subsequently ; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 3650.

The following No. was referred to Sonchus by Welwitsch, but
I have been unable to match it with any known species, and the-
specimen is too young to warrant its publication as new : —

MossAMEDES. — -An annual milky herb, acaulescent ; leaves radical,,
rosulate, about 4 in. long, runcinate, denticulate with small prickle-
pointed teeth ; inflorescence shorter than the leaves ; capitula about
^ in. long ; flowers yellow. About the mouth of the river Bero,,
abundant ; young fl. July 1859. No. 3638.

LXXII. GOODENIACE^.

1. SC^VOLAL. (1771); Benth. &Hook. f.Gen.Pl.ii. 539 (1876)..

Lobelia Plum, ex L. (1737); L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 929 (partly)
(1753) ; Adans. Fam. PI. ii. p. 157 (1763).

I have not followed those botanists who substitute the name-
Lobelia for Sccevola. In the first edition of the Species Plantarum,
Linnaeus evidently did not consider this to be the typical form of
the genus which he there called Lobelia ; he enumerated 25 species
which are now considered to belong to 7 different genera, but 17
of these species are still retained in the genus usually called Lobelia,
and only one belongs to Sccevola.

1. S. Lobelia Murr. Syst. Veg., edit. 13, p. 178 (1774), excl. syn.
Eumph. ; Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 462.

S. senegalensis Presl, Eel. Haenk. ii. p. 59 (1835) ; Welw. in
Bol.ConselhoUltramar.No.7, p. 82 (Aug. 1854), and Apont. p. 548-
under n. 85 (1859).

Ambriz. — A shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high ; branches distichous ; leaves,
fleshy, very thick ; flowers yellow ; berries black. In sandy places along
the sea-coast, near Ponta d'Ambriz, plentiful ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1853.
No. 1137/'.

LoANDA. — A decumbent or ascending shrub, 2 to 3 ft. high ; stems
usually purplish, with a juicy wood ; leaves fleshy, bright green-
glaucescent, rather rigid ; the axils of the leaves and bracts bearded ;

Sccevola] Lxxii. goodeniace^. 625

calyx very shortly 5-toothed or in some flowers scarcely at all dentate ;
corolla yellow ; drupe globose, yellowish-brown when ripe. In sandy
maritime parts of the island of Loanda, in company with Halimnm
Portulacastrum, var. crithiiinules, very abundant ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1854.
Also at Cape Palmerinha, Dec. 1853. No. 1137.

MossAMEDES. — A decumbent, fleshy herb, 2 to 3 ft. high ; bark
dark green ; leaves rather thick, herbaceous-greenish ; flowers yellow;
drupes black-bluish, juicy. In sandy maritime places between Mossa-
medes and Praia da Amelia, plentiful ; fl. and fr. end of July 1859.
Also near Giraul, July 1869. No. 1136.

LXXIII. CAMPANULACE.E.

All the species occurring in the district of Pungo Andongo are
insignificant herbs and scarcely or not at all conspicuous among
other plants ; such is also the case with most of them in Huilla, but
Lightfootia collomioides is conspicuous in meadows, while L. ietmi-
folia forms an exceedingly pretty heathlike undershrub. Only
one of the Huilla species was found to occur also in Pungo Andongo,
and that one, namely L. marginata, is very closely related to the'
Pungo Andongo L. napiformis, and perhaps might be considered
too near for specific distinction. Since, however, the plants are
mostly small and rapidly shrivel up, it is quite possible that some
of the Huilla species may have escaped notice, since Welwitsch was
shut up in the fortress during March and April 1860, and was
only on rare occasions able to make botanical excursions.

1. LOBELIA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 551 ; non Plum.

1. L. thermaUs Thunb. Prodr. PI. Cap. p. 40 (1794).
Parastranthus thermalis Alph. DO. in DO. Prodr. vii. p. 354

(1839) ; Sond. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Oap. iii. p. 537 (1865). L. lepto-
carpa Griessel. in Linntea v. p. 419 (1830) ; Alph. DO., I.e., p. 358.
MossAMEDES. — A bright green, creeping herb, with sarnientose
stems, rather fleshy and rather rigid leaves, and deep blue, labiate
flowers. At the sides of rivulets in the brackish parts of Os Cazados,
to the east of the town, not abundant ; with a few fl. July 1859.
No. 5813.

2. L. gracillima Welw. ms. in herb.

A very slender, annual herb, about 4 in. high ; leaves radical,,
rosulate, oval-obovate, rounded at the apex, wedge-shaped at the
base into the petiole, obtusely and remotely denticulate-repand or
repand-subentire, subglabrate above, more or less scattered with
long whitish hairs beneath, about i in. long ; petiole I- in. long,
flattened and somewhat clasping at the base ; stem scapiform,
terete, inconspicuously puberulous, solitary, erect, thin, simple
below, loosely divided above, few-flowered ; pedicels unequal, the
lowest one the longest nearly an inch long ; bracts small, sublinear,
inserted at the base of the pedicels ; flowers nearly }.^ in. long,
deep blue; calyx /, in. long, glal)rous or nearly so, the tube cam-
panulate, somewhat narrowed towards the base, as long as the
lanceolate lobes; corolla bilabiate, the lobes of the larger lip

626 Lxxm. CAMPANULACE^. [Lobelia

connate about twice as far as the length of the calyx-lobes ;
anthers glabrous on the back, two of them bearded at the tip,
rather exceeding the undivided portion of the larger corolla-lip.

HuiLLA. — In damp sandy pastures on the Humpata plateau, very
rare ; fl. April 1860. No. 1140.

This is perhaps nearly related to L. Inconspicua A. Rich., the type of
which I have not seen, but it appears distinct by the scapelike stem,
etc. The root, though apparently annual, is possibly not really so and
may be similar to that of L.pusllla.

3. L. pusilla Welw. ms. in herb.

A slender, dwarf herb, about 2 in. high ; root seemingly annual,
but perhaps persisting longer than a year after the fashion of
some species of Drosera ; leaves radical, rosulate, broadly oval or
obovate-oval, rounded at the apex, somewhat narrowed at the
base to the short or very short petiole, denticulate-repand, sub-
glabrous above, more or less pvibescent beneath with long whitish
hairs, |- to ^ in. long; stems scapiform, terete, geminate or
solitary, puberulous, erect, simple below, usually once divided
a,bove, 2- or 1 -flowered, usually sparingly bracteate ; pedicels § to
|- in. long ; bracts small, few, alternate or subopposite, obtuse,
inserted on the stem or its forking or on the pedicels, puberulous ;
flowers nearly i in. long, deep blue ; calyx minutely puberulous,
■campanulate and g- m. long in flower, more oblong and i to i in.
long in fruit, somewhat narrowed towards the base especially in
fruit ; the lobes lanceolate, acute, about yV in. long or rather
shorter ; corolla bilabiate, the lobes of the larger lip connate
more than twice the length of the calyx -lobes ; anther-tube some-
what pilose on the back, about equalling the undivided portion of
the larger corolla-lip ; two of the anthers bearded at the tip.

HuiLLA. — In swampy sandy willow-beds, on the left bank of the
river Quipumpunhime, between Mumpulla and Nene, sparingly ; fl. and
fr. Oct. 1859. No. 1139.

This is very nearly related to L, gracillima'Wehv ., but dififers by sub-
sessile leaves, inflorescence, etc.

4. L. benguellensis Hiern, sp. nov.

A herb, 4 to 5 in. high ; rootstock apparently perennial ; stem
abbreviated, terete, somewhat branched, shortly pubescent ; leaves
subradical, obovate-oval, rounded at the apex, wedge-shaped to-
wards the base into the petiole which is about half as long, obtusely
paucidentate or repand, thinly scattered with whitish pilose hairs
on both faces, i to | in. long; inflorescence 3- to 7-flowered,
terminal or quasi-terminal, glabrous or nearly so ; pedicels slender,
unequal, ranging up to f in. long, erect or suberect, bracteolate
at the base ; common peduncle scapiform, 2^ in. long, erect or
ascending, sub-tribracteate : bracts alternate, sublinear, |^ to ^ in.
long ; bracteoles similar, smaller ; flowers about t} in. long, appa-
rently blue ; calyx campanulate and ^^ to |^ in. long in flower,
ovoid and j^g- in. long in fruit, glabrous ; the lobes lanceolate-
linear, rather obtuse, tjV to ^^ in. long ; corolla unilabiate, shortly
5-lobed; anthers glabrous on the back, equalling the undivided

Lobelia] lxxiii. campanulace^. 6^7

portion of the corolla, two of them bearded at the tip ; seeds
obtusely trigonous.

HriLLA. — In somewhat spongy pastures with short herbage, near
Mumpulla towards Nene, in company with Trifolium snihrdtwtdum
Steud., var. obcordatum Welw., not abundant ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859.
No. 1144.

5. L. Welwitschii Engl, k Diels in Bot. Jahrb. xxvi. p. 116
(Sept. 27, 1898).

A glabrous herb, 5 to 8 in. high ; root perennial ; rhi/.ome
creeping, branched; stems usually numerous, siajple, erect or
ascending or the young shoots creeping, narrowly winged and
leafy chiefly on the lower part ; leaves alternate, obovate or the
upper ones sublinear, rounded or obtusely pointed at the apex,
sessile, subentii^e or repand-denticulate, \ in. long, narrowly
decurrent ; flowers deep azure-blue, i in. long, on rather slender
pedicels of \ to t} in. long, arranged in racemes of 1 to 4 in. long
terminating the stems; calyx ^ to i in. long; the tube somewhat
funnel-shaped ; the lobes narrowly lanceolate-linear, rather acute,
j^y in. long ; corolla unilabiate, with three oval-oblong lobes
about as long as the tube and two narrow smaller ones ; anther-
tube somewhat hairy on the back, rather exceeding the undivided
portion of the corolla, two anthers bearded at the tip ; seeds
somewhat compressed.

HuiLLA. — In damp sandy places along streams about Lopollo, rather
rare ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859 and Jan. 1860. No. 1143.

Var. albiflora.

Rhizome strong ; stems less numerous, 5 in. high ; flowers white.

HuiLLA. — In moist sandy places, drying up after the October rains,
near Xene towards Empalanca, rather rare ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859.
No. 1141.

6. L. fervens Thunb. Fl. Cap. ii. p. 46 (1818); Hemsl. in Oliv.
Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 468.

MossAMEDES. — An herbaceous-green, not glaucous, annual herb,
flaccid throughout, subsarmentose, decumbent, or subscandent among
other herbs ; flowers blue. In moist sandy places with shrubs and
short herbage along the banks of the river Maiombo, near Pdo ; fl. and
fr. Oct. 1859. No. 1143.

7. L. angolensis Engl. & Diels, I.e., p. 114.

A glabrate or weakly pubescent, rather fleshy herb, 1 to 3 in.
high, casspitose at the base, with the habit of Glaux ; stems decum-
bent or erect, not conspicuously angular, sometimes rooting below,
leafy ; leaves alteimate, oval or somewhat- obovate, obtuse, sub-
sessile, not or scarcely decurrent, i to i in. long, entire ; flowers
axillary, solitary, | in. long, violet-coloured or lilac ; pedicels
rather slender, ] to -} in. long ; calyx i in. long, thinly pubescent,
broadly campanulate, deeply 5-cleft ; the lobes lanceolate, about
equalling the corolla-tube ; anthers puberulous on the back, two
of them bearded at the tip.

HuiLLA. — In swampy pastures with dense and short herbage near
Lopollo, in company with Trifolium suhrolundnm Steud., var. ohcor-

€28 Lxxiii. CAMPANULACEiE, [Lobelia

datum Welw. herb. n. 19016, AnagalUs pumila Sw., and species of
Oentianaceae, Liviosella, and Eriocaulon, abundant ; fl. Dec. 1859 and
Feb. 1860. No. 1146. Fl. Oct. 1859. No. 1146^*.
This is nearly related to L. exilis Hochst.

8. L. nuda Hemsl. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 469.

HuiLLA. — An erect, dichotomously and virgately branched herb,
^ to 2 ft. high, flowering twice or even thrice in a year ; flowers blue.
In sandy sunny damp places flooded in summer near Lopollo and in
neglected plots, also along streams and by the aqueduct, plentiful ; fl.
and fr. Oct. to Dec. 1859, and Feb. and May 1860. No. 1146-

2. CYPHIA Berg. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 554.
1. C. lobelioidea Welw, ms. in herb.

Cyphia (sp.), Welw. in Journ. Linn. See. v. p. 187 (June 1861).

A slender, glabrous or subglabrate, quite simple herb, with
the aspect of a Lobelia, perennial with a globose-tuberous root of
i in. diameter ; stem filiform, straight, 1 to 1^ ft. high, angular,
sparingly leafy, terminating in a raceme of flowers ; leaves linear
or narrowly lanceolate-linear, minutely denticulate, adpressed,
1^ to 1 1 in. long, sessile ; flowers violet-purple, bilabiate, ^ to i in.
long ; pedicels about yV in. long or shorter, equalling the brac-
teoles ; racemes spikelike, 1 to 5 in. long ; calyx ,somewhat
turbinate, |^ to ^ in. long, pubescent, deeply 5-cleft ; the segments
linear or nearly so, erect, persistent, sparingly and minutely
denticulate ; corolla quasi-tubular ; the tube pilose inside, opening
at the back ; the lobes of the limb 5, linear, i to i in. long,
pilose inside with white hairs, induplicate in the bud ; stamens 5,
hypogynous, persistent, inserted at the very base of the corolla-
tube, Jjj in. long ; the filaments flattened, glabrous or nearly so,
about as long as the antliers, whitish ; the anthers linear, all
curved-converging above the stigma, and bearded at the apex,
otherwise glabrous or nearly so ; ovary inferior ; style simple,
rather thick, incurved ; stigma thick, shortly indusiate, bearded
with white hairs.

HuiLLA. — In damp wooded meadows between I-opollo and Morro
de Quilengues, plentiful here and there ; fl. Jan. 1860. No. 1135.

A form with the stem branched occurs, but rarely.

3. CEPHAIOSTIGMA A. DC; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 555.
1. C. Schimperi Hochst. in Plant. Schimp. Abyss, i. n. 69

{U. i. 1840) ; A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 2 (1851).

Wahlenbergia Schimperi Hochst., I.e., iii. n. 1964(1844). Light-
footia arenaria Alph. DC. in Ann. 8c. Nat., ser. 5, vi. p. 329
(1866) ; Hemsl. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 476. C. hirmtum
Hemsl., I.e., p. 472 ; non Edgw.

HuiLLA. — An annual herb ; stem erect, 8 in. or scarcely a foot high,
branched from the base ; branches elongated ; leaves rather rigid,
sessile, lanceolate ; flowers solitary, axillary, arranged in a paniculate
manner ; corolla 5-cleft, from milk-white becoming purple ; the lobes
narrow, spreading during the flowering ; stigma 3-lobed. In sandy
places neglected after cultivation, also in plantations of maize, in

€ephalostig7na] Lxxiii. campanulace^. 629

company with species of Commel/na, in the Monin ocountry ; fl. and
fr. 1 May 18G0. No. 1155. Leaves broadly lanceolate vaguely
undulate, entire ; flowers pentamerous, very fugacious ; corolla-lobes
much narrowed from a rather broad base ; style filiform, exserted ;
stigmatic lobes rather thick, subspathulate, spreading ; seeds cylindrical-
ellipsoidal, bright dusky, quite glabrous, shining. In nearly dry sandy
thickets and among crops of mays, near LopoUo ; fl. and fr. 8 May
1800. No. 1155i>.

Annual. Fr. with ripe seeds, March and April 18G0. Cf. Coll.
Oakp. 692 (partly).

2. C. CandoUeanum.

LightfootiapanicidataA. DO., I.e., 331; Hemsl., I.e., 476 ; non Send.

HuiLLA. — A very slender, annual herb, scarcely a foot high ; stems
several, ascending ; flowers pale blue or whitish. In drying-up swampy
places throughout the district ; fl. and fr. Nov. and Dec. 1859 ; also in
•damp meadows along the banks of the Ferrao river, in company with
orchids (probably Satyrium paludosuia Reichenb. f. ; Welw. herb. n.
727) ; fl. Jan. 1860. No. 1153.

The stigmatic lobes are short and broad at the apex of the filiform
style. This is not the same as C. ptiuiculatum Alph. DC. nor as the
plant so named by Wallich.

4. LIGHTFOOTIA L'Herit. ; Benth. k Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 555.

1. L. tenuifolia Alph. DC. in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 5, vi. p. 327
(1866) ; Hemsl. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 475.

HuiLLA. — Flowers nearly milky-white with bluish tint. In wooded
pastures and on bushy slopes near the lake of Ivantala ; fl. and fr.
Feb. and beginning of April 1800. No. 1157. Perennial ; flowers
milky-blue. In bushy wooded parts of the Monino country, and also
in shady forests ; fl. and fr. beginning of Feb. 1800. No. 1159.

2. L. marginata Alph. DC, I.e., p. 326 ; Hemsl., I.e., p. 474.

HuiLLA. — Flowers pale blue. In sandy pastures with short herb-
age, near Lopollo, Nov. 1859 ; also in hilly places among low bushes
from Humpata as far as the lake Ivantala, and along the road leading
to Quilengues, abundant ; fl. and fr. Feb. and April 1860. No. 1156.
Corolla whitish-blue. In wooded meadows near Eme, Feb. 1800 ; also
in herbaceous bushy places at the outskirts 'of forests between
Catumba and Ohai. A shaggy form of the species. No. 11566
Root vertical, apparently biennial. In rocky wooded places from
Catumba towards Ohai ; a few specimens ; fl. and fr. April 1800.
No. 1158.

3. L. napiformis Alph. DC, I.e., p. 328; Hemsl., I.e., p. 475.
PuNGO Andongo.^ — A perennial herb, 3 to 4 ft. high, with a woody

rootstock, suberect or ascending ; stem virgately branched, beset
almost on all sides with rather rigid hairs ; calyx herbaceous-green,
the tube adnate to the base of the ovary, the limb 5 -cleft ; corolla
inserted on the top of the calyx-tube, of a pale violet colour, deeply
6-partite, the segments rigidly pilose ; stamens 5 ; filaments free,
gradually dilated from the base, sub-trilobate, the lateral lobes very
short and ciliate, the intermediate lobe larger elongated and at the
apex bearing the anther ; ovary covered up to the middle by the
adnate calyx, 3-celled ; ovules numerous, inserted near the bottom
of the cells on the central jjlacontas ; styles exserted, filiform from

630 LXXIII. CAMPANULACE^, \Lujhtfootia

the base, gradually thickened upwards, pubescent ; stigmas 3, ovoid-
oblong, rather thick, erect-patent, papillose on the inner face ; capsule
pyramidal when young, H-celled, half-dehiscent at the apex. In
secondary woods and rather dry thickets on the right bank of the
river Cuanza, sporadic but widely scattered ; fl. and young fr. 21 and
22 Jan. 1857. No. 1150.

Alph. De Candolle, /.r., cites for this species also No. 1150 i/s ; but
there is no such Xo. in Welwitsch's herbarium.

4. L. collomioides Alph. DC, I.e., p. 328 ; Hemsl., I.e., p. 475,
HriLLA. — Apparently biennial ; habit almost of Jaxione ; root

napiform, 1- or few-headed ; stem 1 to 2 ft. high, branched, purplish ;
leaves alternate, linear or linear-lanceolate, wavy-crenate on the margin,
bright green above very pallid beneath and therefore almost dis-
colorous ; flowers terminal, densely capitate, involucrate, the involucral
leaves almost similar to the cauline ones ; calyx green, rather fleshy,
the limb 5-cleft ; corolla clear blue or milky blue, 5-partite, the
segments elongated ; stamens 5, inserted with the corolla ; filaments
free, white and broadly dilated from the base up to a little below the
apex, of the same colour as the corolla and narrowed at the apex ;
anthers free ; style elongated, filiform, gradually passing into the
simple clavate obtuse sub-pubescent stigma, pale bluish. In the damp
elevated mountain pastures of Morro de Lopollo, at an elevation of
5600 feet ; fl. 27 April 1860. No. 1163.

5. L. annua Alph. DC, I.e., p. 329 ; Hemsl., I.e., p. 475,
PuNGo Andongo. — An annual, erect or ascending herb, .scattered

throughout with rather rigid white hairs, branched from the base ;
branches long, virgate ; flowers blue or violet-coloured ; stamens 5 ;
filaments shortly clawed at the base, abruptly deltoid-dilated, tridentate,
the lateral teeth very small, the intermediate tooth blue and articulate
at its base with the top of the shaggy lamina ; style always pilose
with spreading hairs ; stigma rather clavate than capitate, usually
pilose but occasionally glabrous ; capsule compressed-conical, usually
smooth. In the drier open sandy thickets on the south side of the
presidium, very plentiful about Caghuy ; fl. and fr. beginning of
April and in May 1857. No. 1147- Flowers violet-blue ; corolla-
limb quite patent, almost declining-reflected ; capsule ovoid-pyramidal.
In the more elevated rocky places among the gigantic rocks of the
praesidium ; fl. and young fr, end of April 1857. No. 1147&. A
tender, branched, annual herb, erect procumbent or ascending, in the
living state pale green by reason of its whitish hispid hairs ; flowers
small, pale blue. In stony and sandy pastures with sparse herbage
along the road leading to Cambambe ; fl. May 1857. No. 1147c.

HriLLA. — Much branched from the base, the lower branches spread-
ing elongated, all floribund ; flowers clear blue, pentamerous ; anthers
very large, white ; filaments rhomboid-dilated at the base, whitish,
blue a little below the insertion of the anthers ; style filiform ; stigma
clavate, bilobed, the lobes cohering. In rocky pastures at the base of
Morro de Lopollo, at Ferrao da Sola ; fl. 14 May 1860. No. 1162.
Habit almost of Primnatocarpm ; dift'use, somewhat pilose ; flower-
buds pentagonal-columnar ; corolla deep blue inside, paler outside ;
filaments very broad at the base, ciliate ; style exserted, smooth, not
pilose ; stigma at first club-shaped and obtuse, at length bilobed with
diverging lobes. In moist wooded pastures at the base of Morro de
Lopollo ; fl. and fr. 8 April 1860. No. \\%2h. Annual, Fr, March
^nd April 1860. Cf. Coll. Carp, 692 (partly).

Lkjldfoolia\ Lxxiii. campanulace/E. 631

G. L. gracilis Alph. DC, I.e., p. 330; Hemsl., I.e., p. 47G.

HuiLLA. — A little imnual herb, 3 to 4 in. high ; stem corymbosely
branched towards the apex ; flowers clear blue. In swampy somewhat
peaty pastures near Humpata ; fl. Jan. 18G0. No. 1151.

7. L. exilis Alph. DC, I.e., p. 330 ; HemsL, I.e., p. 47G.
Huir.LA. — A tender, little, annual herb, 3 to 5 in. high ; stem

patently branched ; flowers from milky to bluish ; corolla-limb patent
at the time of the flower, soon flaccid-collapsing. In moist pastures
on the Humpata plateau, in sandy-earthy places with short herbage,
very plentiful ; fl. April 18G0. No. 1152.

8. L. debilis Alph. DC, I.e., p. 331 ; Hemsl., I.e., p. 47G.

HuiLLA. — Habit almost of some species of Gtilhim ; flowers milk-
white. In moist pastures among low herbs and scattered bushes at
the outskirt of the forest near Catumba ; fl. beginning of April 18G0.
No. 1154.

9. L. Welwitschii Alph. DC, I.e., p. 332 ; Hemsl., I.e., p. 477.

PuNGO AxP()N(;(). — An annual herblet, with the habit of a large-
specimen of A>itevorin<in xtclhitum Hoffmansegg & Link ; primary stem
erect ; branches elongated, ascending, weak ; leaves cartilaginous on
the margin ; calyx exceeding the corolla, stellate-patent at the time of
the flower as are also the corolla-lobes ; corolla livid-yellowish ; style
clavate above, undivided or scarcely or obsoletely bilobed at the apex,
clear blue, not bearded ; capsule compressed-conical. In a damp
wooded meadow between Caghuy and Sansamanda at the river Cuanza,
plentiful but only in one spot, in company with Isoetes (equinoctial Is
Welw. herb. n. 50 and species of Ili/jwxis and Fuirena ; fl. and fr.
2 May 1857. No. 1149. In a moist rocky-sandy place near Catete in
the pra3sidium, very sparingly ; only two specimens seen, without
either fl. or fr. April 1857. Apparently a form of this species. No. 1148.

5. CERVICINA Delile, Fl. Egypte, p. 150 (1812), t. 5, fig. 2,
& Ilhistr. p. 50.

Wahlenherrjia Schrad. Cat. Hort. Getting. (1814) ; Benth. ct
Hook, f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 555. Camjmnula § Campanojjsis E,. Br.
Prodr. p. 561 (1810).

1. C. huillana.

Wahlenbergia huillana Alph. DC in Ann. Se. Nat., ser. 5,
vi. p. 333 (1866) ; Hemsl. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 479 ; incl.
var. pusilla Alph. DC, I.e. Gampanopsis huillana O. Kuntze,
Rev. Gen. PI. (ii.), p. 379 (1891).

HuiLLA.— An annual or occasionally biennial herb, with the habit
of an Alsiiie, lactescent ; stems several, ascending, much branched ;
flowers trimerous or tetramerous, from whitish to very pale bluish,
the tetramerous ones shaped almost like those of an A.tj>erula or
(ralium ; calyx-lobes unequal ; anthers distinct. In marshy wooded
places from Lopollo towards the lake of Ivantala, but met with only
in a few spots ; fl. Dec. 1859 and Jan. 18G0. No. 1161. Flowers
whitish. In the poor elevated pastures of Empalanca, with short
herbage, flooded in the rainy season, that is, in summer, abundant :
fl. end of Feb. 18G0. This contains the yhv. pusilla Alph. DC, which
was a young plant of the species, and according to Welwitsch is not
really a variety. No. 1160.

■632 Lxxiii. CAMPANULACE^. [Cervicina

In Apontam. p. 548 under n. 8G, Welwitsch reports a species of
Wahlenbergia from the highlands of Angola proper ; this is apparently
the plant collected in Ambaca in the middle of Oct. 1856 in a moist
pasture on the left bank of the river Lucala near Ponte de Lucala,
No. 1138 ; it is a unique specimen, represented in the British Museum
only by a drawing. It is impossible to identify the species ; Welwitsch
subsequently placed it in Lobelia.

LXXIY. ERICACE^.

1. AGAUEIA Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 586.

1. A. salicifoUa Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 483.
Yar. pyrifolia Oliv., I.e.

Andromeda pyrifolia Pers. Syn. PI. i. p. 481 (1805). LeucotJwe
salicifoUa, var. pyrifolia DC. Prodr. vii. p. 603 (1829).

HuiLLA. — A small tree of 8 to 10 ft., with spare head and rambling
•branches. In damp forests behind the Monino river, very rare ; fr.,
after the fall of the corolla and seeds, Feb. 1860. No. 4807.

The absence of flowers renders the determination somewhat doubtful ;
the infructescence is apparently terminal.

2. FICALHOA Hiern in Journ. Bot. xxxvi. p. 329, t. 390
<1 Sept. 1898).

Calyx free, hemispherical, persistent, 5-partite ; the segments
broadly ovate, rounded at the apex, somewhat imbricate in
estivation, quincuncial, nearly unchanged in fruit ; corolla short,
not much exceeding the calyx, sub-urceolate, tardily deciduous,
deeply 5-lobed ; the lobes broadly oval, rounded at the apex,
altei-nating with the calyx-segments, erect below, somewhat
spreading at the apex, imbricate, quincuncial; stamens 15, uni-
seriate, free, included, glabrous, inserted on the interior of the
corolla near the top of its short tube, arranged in 5 groups of 3
stamens each, the groups alternating with the corolla -lobes and
having the filaments contiguous at the base; filaments rather
fleshy, erect, about half as long as the corolla-lobes, tapering from
A broader base ; anthers short, emarginate at both ends, 2-celled,
basifixed, at length dehiscing by oblique apical pores ; disk incon-
spicuous, annular or nearly obsolete; ovary 5-celled, sub-hemi-
spherical, obtusely pentagonal, rather fleshy, pilose, with a central
depression at the apex ; style short, central, glabrous ; the stigma
^labi-ous, at first ovoid-capitate and very short, at length as long
as the ovary and splitting into 5 diverging branches ; ovules
numerous in each cell, very small, inserted on fleshy ascending
placentas attached to the axis of the ovary below its middle ;
capsule hemispherical, 5-valved, locuLicidal ; the septa hardening,
opposite to the persistent calyx-segments ; seeds several, small,
irregularly ovoid, somewhat compressed ; testa of an open reticular
structure ; albumen rather thin ; embryo rather thick, terete,
a,bout two-thirds as long as the seed, straight.

A tree, with alternate serrulate laurel-like simple leaves, and
axillary or lateral densely paniculate hermaphrodite flowers.

Ficalhoa] lxxiv. ekicace^. G33

Nearly related to Agauria, it differs from it by the shorter
figure of its corolla, the grouping of its more numerous stamens,
the toothing of its foliage, etc.

The name is given in honour of Count Ficalho, professor of
-botany at the Polytechnic School of Lisbon, a friend and fellow-
worker on African plants.

1. F. laurifolia Hiern, I.e.

An evergreen tree, 15 to 20 ft. high or less; trunk attaining
•8 in. in diameter ; branches glabrous, terete, spreading, rambling ;
branchlets leafy, rather slender, at length nodding ; leaves ex-
stipulate, narrowly oval- or ovate-oblong, acuminate towards the
apex, obtuse at the base, subcoriaceous, rather glossy, deep green
and glabrous or in part minutely glandular-scaly above, paler
■and sparingly pilose chiefly along the midrib and also minutely
glandular-scaly beneath, obtusely serrulate on the subcartilaginous
margin, 2 to 5 in. long by \ to li in. broad ; the midrib con-
spicuous, the lateral veins inconspicuous ; petiole usually glabrous,
i to i in. long ; flowers g- to i in. long, white, regular or nearly so,
on short or very short puberulous or pilose rather thick pedicels,
arranged in lateral or axillary contracted panicles of {' to 1] in.
in diameter ; bracts oval or broadly ovate, obtuse, usually ciliolate,
about as large as or smaller than the calyx-segments ; calyx usually
bracteolate at the base ; bracteoles half as long as the calyx ;
•calyx-segments ciliolate, about i in. long ; corolla about i in.
long, glabrous ; the filaments sometimes bent at the apex ; style
(including the stigmatic branches) at length -^ in. long ; ovary
■densely and shortly pilose ; capsule about i in. in diameter, about
equalling the adpressed calyx. Occasionally the pistil is hexa-
merous. Seeds rather pale, about -^^ in. long ; embryo whitish,
about g?jj in. long.

HuiLLA.— In moist forests at the Lopollo cataracts in Morro de
Lopollo, sporadic ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859. No. 4808. In thin forests
between Mumpulla and Nene ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 4809. A
small tree, with a sparse, lax head. In the more elevated parts of
Morro de Monino. at the banks of streams ; without fl. end of March
.1860. Perhaps a hirsute form of this plant. No. 4810.

3. PHILIPPIA Klotzsch ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 591.

1. P. benguelensis Welw. ex Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. p. 328 (1892),
:and ex Britten in Trans. Linn. Soc, Ser. 2, iv. p. 24 (1894)
(/''. benguellensis).

Salaxis benguelensis Engl., I.e.

HuiLLA. — A shrub of 4 to 7 ft. with numerous stems from the base
-and the habit quite that of an Eriai or a C^q)res8us, or occasionally in
ithe form of a small tree, much branched ; leaves 4-verticilIate, rather
thick, pubescent, in the living state intensely green ; petiole broad ;
iflowers purplish, axillary near the apex of the branchlets ; peduncles
and calyces thinly hispidulous-pubescent ; calyx more or less regularly
4-dentate ; one of the teeth elongated, more compact and rigid, erect
•or a little incurved ; corolla globose, 4-lobed, rather rigidly membranous;
•the lobes very obtuse, delicately but plainly denticulate about the

634: LXXIV. ERICACE^. [PhiUjiinCt

apex ; stamens 8, subexserfced, free, compressed, comparatively rather
broad ; anthers adnate, ecaudate ; ovary thinly pubescent, 4-celled ;
cells with several ovules ; style straight, the same height as the stamens ;
stigma comparatively large, peltate, hollowed, deep red-purple, more
or less papillose in the centre. In the more elevated thickets along
streams in the declivities of Morro de Lopollo, at 5000 to GOOO ft. alt.,
not uncommon, in company with Lycopodium cermuun L. (Welw. herb,
n. 170) and species of Melastomacese ; fl. middle of Dec. 185"J. No. 2560.
This shrub is called by the Portuguese colonists " Cedro pequeno "
(small cedar) or " Cypreste do monte " (mountain cypress) ; in Mossa-
medes Tamarix orientaUs Forsk. is called " cedro" ; see ante p. 35.

4. B'LiERIA L. • Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 592,

1. B. Bugonii Engl. Hocligebii-gsflora, p. 327 (1892).

HuiLLA. — A slender shrublet, a foot high ; stems ctespitose, erect or
ascending, twiggy ; twigs erect, the lower ones sterile and densely leafy,,
the upper ones flowering ; flowers in the living state whitish, occa-
sionally with a rosy tint, tetramerous or rarely pentamerous, arranged
in straight compound racemes interrupted in a quasi-verticillate
manner ; pedicels uni-bracteate ; calyx 4-partite ; the segments linear-
oblong, glandular-ciliate, equal ; corolla urceolate-campanulate, twice
as long as the calyx, deeply 4-lobed ; the lobes deltoid, obtuse, erect-
spreading ; stamens 4, included ; filaments free, nearly smooth ; anthers
dehiscing at the apex, brown-reddish ; pores wide, elliptical ; ovary
4-celled ; cells with several ovules ; style nearly straight, a little or
rather far exceeding the corolla ; stigma widely peltate, brown-reddish •
capsule loculicidally 4-valved, 4-celled ; valves bearing the septum in
the middle ; seeds 3 or 4 in each cell. In an elevated boggy swamp
along a stream in Morro de Lopollo towards Empalanca, at 5500 ft.
alt., in masses but only in one spot and in company with species of
CommelynacesB, Xyris and small Cyperacese ; fl. and fr. April 1860,
No. 2559.

Engler, 7.c., has unfortunately failed to give effect to Welwitsch's
intention of naming this species in honour of Senhor Bayon, an explorer
of the interior parts of Angola.

2. B. setulosa Welw. ex Engler, I.e., p. 328 ; Britten in Trans,
Linn. Soc, 8er. 2, iv. p. 24 (1894).

HuiLLA. — A shrublet, 1 to 2 ft. high ; stems as thick as a crow's
quill, cjespitose, erect or ascending, densely leafy ; leaves ternately
verticillate ; flowers from whitish to rosy or more or less purplish ;
calyx-lobes incise-ciliate. In the more elevated mossy swampy thickets
of Serra de Oiahoia near Humpata ; fl. and young fr. end of April 1860.
No. 2558.

LXXV. PLUMBAGINEJ]].

1. PLUMBAGO Tournef., L.; Bentb. &jHook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 627.

1. P. zeylanica L. Sp. PL, edit. l,p. 151 (1753) ; Oliv.Fl. Trop.
Afr. iii. p. 486 ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 209 (1884).

LoAXDA. — Stem subscandent ; flowers milk-white ; calyx very viscid.
By fences near the city at Museque do Senhor Schut, sporadic ; fl. Dec.
1853. A medicinal plant. No. 5185.

Flumhago] Lxxv. plumbagine/E. G35

LiiiOXGO. — An erect shrub or rarely in thickets subscandent, 2 to ;i.l
ft. high ; branches pale purplish ; flowers whitish. In rather dry bushy
places about Banza de Liboniro, in company with tamarind trees, very
plentiful ; fl. and fr. Sept. 18;JS. No. 518.

GoLUN(i() Alto. — An undershrub, 2 to 4 ft. high, sometimes erect,
occasionally scandent ; flowers milk-white. In thickets near Canguera-
sange and in Sobatos Bango and Bumba, not abundant although seen
in many places ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1854 and April 1855. No. 517.

Huu.LA. — In thickets between Nene and Humpata, sporadic ; fl. and
young fr. Dec. 1859. No. 516.

The natives of Angola call this plant " Cadinga puna " and use the
root as a caustic. See Welwitsch, Apontam. p. 548 under n. 83.

2. VOGELIA Lam. (1792); Bentb. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii.
p. 628 : non Medic.

1. V. africana Lam. Tabl. Encvcl. et Meth., Bot., ii. p. 141),
t. 149 (July or Aug. 1792) ; Boiss."'in DC. Prodr. xii. p. 696 (1848).

Dyerophytum africanum 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. (ii.), p, 394
(1891). Vogelia (sp.), Welw. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. p. 184 (1861).

MossAMEDE^<. — A low shrub, 2 ft. high ; stem glaucous ; branches
numerous, very brittle, divaricate ; leaves spathulate, rather fleshy and
flaccid, glaucous : calyx whitish, the segments ovate, transversely
rugose, with a black midrib ; corolla tubular, brilliantly vermilion ;
ovary acutely conical ; ovule solitary, quite freely pendulous from the
ascending filiform placenta. In a sandy sub-maritime place between
Mossamedes and Cavalheiros, abundant, but seen in only one spot ;
end of June 1859, most of the corollas having fallen. No. 519. A
very elegant undershrub, lift, high, woody at the base ; leaves spathu-
late, glaucous-pruinose : flowers blood-red ; calyx white-greenish. In
sandy places at the river Bero ; late fl. and fr. July 1859, in company
with Zi/gophylhnn. siinple.r L. ; (see atite, p. lOG.) Coll. Cai:i'. 95.

The specimens differ from the plant figured under this name by
Harvey, Thes. Cap. ii. t. 198 (180:3) by their leaves being neither
emarginate at the apex nor obcordate but obovate spathulate and
rounded and abruptly acuminate at the apex, by their ovate-lanceolate
long-acuminate not subulate bracts, and by their corolla-tube much
exceeding the calyx.

O. Kuntze, l.c, i. p. 37, uses the name Vogelia Medic, which he
states was published a few months earlier than the above, for yesUa
Desv. The correct name for the latter genus is, however, SjiJuerocarpm
Heist, ex Fabric. Enum. Meth. PI. Hort. Helmst., edit. 2, p. 51 (1703),
the authority for which is not affected by Seguier having in 1745
applied such a name for a different plant. Vogelia Gmel. (1791) has
been reduced to Bnrmaiviia L,

LXXYI. PRIMULACE^.

1. ANAGALLIS Tournef., L. ; Bentb. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 637.
1. A. pulchella Welw. ex Scbinz in Bull. Herb. Boi.s.s. ii. p. 221

(March 1894).

HuiLLA. — An erect, very beautiful herb, annual or rarely biennial,
rather fleshy throughout , stems numerous ; flowers bright purple-rosy ;

636 Lxxvi. PRiMULACE^. [ArutgalUs-

capsule circumsciss. In swampy pastures with short herbage along-
the banks of the Monino river, very plentiful, in company with species-
of Drosera, Gentianese, Pcejm lanthus Wahlhergii Korn. (Welw. herb,
n. 2456), Xyris, and Am>l€2)is ; fl. and fr. Nov. and Dec. 1859. No. 276.
In wooded swampy meadows at the banks of the Eme rivulet near
LopoUo ; fl. and fr. end of Dec. 1859. A small form. No. 2766. In
swamps along the Eme rivulet ; fl. Dec. 1859. A dwarf and narrow-
leaved form. No. 276c. A caespitose, very shining herb, 3 to 6 in.
high, perhaps annual ; flowers very numerous, rosy-red. In damp and
marshy pastures near the Monino ; fl. from Jan. to March ; fr. Coll.
Carp. 693.

2, A. acuminata Welw. ex Schinz, I.e.

HuiLLA. — A dwarf, erect, annual herb ; stems rather fleshy, turning
red ; leaves strictly erect ; flowers whitish ; calyx-lobes acuminate-
subulate, rather fleshy ; corolla longer than the calyx, with acutely
acuminate lobes ; capsule turning red. In damp sandy wooded places,
from Morro de Lopollo towards Empalanca, at an elevation of about
5300 ft., rather sparingly ; fl. and fr. 13 April 1860. No. 275. This-
plant has much the habit of Centuncidus.

3. A. pumila Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind, Occ. p. 40 (1788);.
Benth. Fl. Austral, iv. p. 270 (1869).

Ce7itunculus pentandrus Br. Prodr. p. 427 (1810). C.tenellus^
Duby in DC. Prodr. viii. p. 72 (1844). 3ficropi/xis picmilaDuhj^
I.e. ; Alph. DC. Geogr. Bot. p. 1035 (1855).

PuNGO Andongo. — An annual, marsh herblet, 3 to 5 in. high ; stem
filiform, reddish at the base, quadrangular ; leaves opposite, ovate,
sessile, thinly rather fleshy, lepidote-papillose ; calyx deeply 5-partite,
green ; corolla white, rather fleshy, but little or scarcely longer than
the calyx, very deeply 5-partite ; the segments almost separate, ovate ;
stamens 5, equal in length to the corolla-segments and opposite to
them ; filaments filiform, at the base dilated-bearded, almost connate
into a cylinder ; anthers ovoid, 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscing,
yellowish ; ovary globose, received at the base on a waxy orange-
coloured disk-like mass, marked with a circular horizontal line, 1-celled :
placenta globose, basilar, many-seeded ; style filiform, equalling the
stamens ; stigma rather obtuse ; capsule circumsciss. In a wooded
wet shortly grassy meadow, in masses but seen only in one spot, in
company with Drosera and hoetcs, near Sansamanda on the left bank
of the river Cuanza, fl. 22 Feb. 1857. No. 273. In marshy meadows
between Condo and Quisonde ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 273^.

HriLLA. — A slender annual erect herb, a digit high ; stem angular,
mostly purple ; branches and leaves alternate ; flowers white ; calyx
5-partite ; the segments ovate, acuminate ; corolla a little longer than
the calyx, urceolate ; the tube globose, clothed around inside at the
base with a scarlet viscid material of a glandular nature ; the limb
5-cleft, with ovate-lanceolate acuminate lobes ; stamens 5, included ;
filaments not bearded at the base ; ovary globose ; style straight,
simple, stigma peltate. In meadows or damp pastures, in the elevated
parts of Morro de Monino, plentiful, about 6300 ft. of altitude, in
company with species of [Ttricukiria, Xijris, Ascolepis, etc. ; fr. and few
fl. beginning of April 18G0. No. 274.

The habit is much like that of Ce/itwiculus, and the characters
scarcely differ.

Samolus] Lxxvi. primulace.e, 637

2. SAMOLUS Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 638.

1. S. Valerandi L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 171 (1753) ; Oliv., I.e., 490.

LoANDA.— On rocks and damp walls, between Praia de Penedo and
Boa Vista, sparingly ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1858. No. 277. In damp
gravelly places at the great reprrxa, or artificial lake, near Quicu.xe,
sporadic ; fl. Oct. 18(30 (seen previously in the same place in 1853 and
1858). No. 277b.

LXXVII. MYRSINEiE.

1. M^aiSA Forsk. ; Bentli. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 641.

1. M. lanceolata Forsk. Fl. ^-Fgypt.-Arab. pp. cvi. 66 (1775);
Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 492.

Var. golmigensis.

A small tree, 8 to 1 5 ft. higli ; branchlets and much-branched
inflorescence pubescent with short spreading rufous hairs ; leaves
ovate or oval, cuspidate, obtuse at the base, 3 to 7.V in. long by
2 to 5 in. broad ; petiole I to 1^^ in. long ; calyx 5-cleft ; the
lobes scarious-fimbriate on the margin, spai-ingly red-striate out-
side ; corolla gamopetalous, I'otate, 5-lobed ; the segments obtuse,
imbricate in festivation, spreading in a stellate manner at the
time of flowering, rather fleshy ; stamens 5, opposite the corolla-
segments and inserted at their base round the throat, exserted ;
anthers broadly cordate, truncate at the apex, pale yellow with
sulphur-coloured pollen or white when effete, 2 -celled, dehiscing
longitudinally ; ovary hemisphei'ical-conical, subsessile, partly-
free ; style thick, short, central, crowned with a capitate-peltate,
straight, obsoletely 2- to 4-lobed stigma ; fruit capsular.

Goi.UNGO Alto. — In primitive forests on the northern side of the
mountains of Queta, not common : fr. in July, fl. at end of Dec. 1855.
No. 4795.

The pubescence on the branchlets and inflorescence is like that on
il/. paluHtris Hochst., but the foliage is considerably larger, and obtuse
or rounded at the base of the blades ; it sometimes approaches in
shape that of J/. cordifoJia Baker, I.e. I follow Baker, I.e., in taking
a very wide view of the limits of this species ; but perhaps this should
be considered distinct.

2. M. angolensis Gilg in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin i. p. 72 (1895)
HuiLLA. — A small tree, with subscandent branches and white flowers.

In the forest near the cataract of a stream ; fl. 31 Oct. 1859. No. 4796.
Flowers white ; fl. and young fr. Nov. and Dec. 1859. No. 4797.
BuMiso.— No notes. Fl. No. 4798.

3. M, Welwitschii Gilg, I.e.

GOLUNGO Alto.— A small tree, 8 to 12 ft. high, with the habit of a
EJiamnun, oftener a shrub ; leaves deciduous, in shape like those of an
AI/in.H ; flowers small, yellowish ; berries orange-coloured, as large as
a small pea. In the thin forests of Cacarambola, not uncommon ;
fl. May 1855, fr. Sept. 1855. No. 4794. An arborescent shrub,
occasionally a small tree of 10 to 12 ft. with the aspect of a young
alder ; leaves sometimes deciduous sometimes evergreen ; flowers
white ; calyx bi-bracteolate, slightly lepidote-glandular, sub-campauu-
late, 5-cleft, with obtuse ciliolate lobes ; corolla campanulate, milk-

638 Lxxvii. MYEsiNE^. [Jlcesa

white ; the limb erect, 5-cleft ; the lobes alternating with as many
intruded folds ; stamens mostly and typically 5, but not rarely 6 and
very rarely 4, included, inserted on the base of the corolla ; anthers
ovoid-cordate, yellow, 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally ; ovary uni-
locular ; placenta basal, free, comparatively large ; style rather short ;
stigma obsoletely lobed ; berry pea-shaped, brick-red-orange, but little
juicy, depressedly crowned with the remains of the calyx, 1-celled ;
seeds several, impressed on the basal globular rather fleshy placenta.
At the outskirts of forests and in thickets between the rivers Gate and
Quiapoza in Sobato de Bumba : fl. and fr. 23 Nov. 1855. No. 4792.
A divaricately branched tree of 10 to 15 ft., with membranous obscurely
green foliage and white flowers. At the outskirts of the primitive
forest at Cacarambola ; fl. Feb. 1856. No. 4793.

This species is very nearly related to JI. abiifolia'B.a.rv. Thes. Cap. ii.
p. 20, t. 129 (1864).

2. MYRSINE L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 642.

1. M. africana L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 196 (1753) ; Baker in Oliv.
Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 493.

Var. subintegra Engl. Hochgebirgsflora p. 331 (1892).

HuiLLA.— Anthers yellow. In the denser forests of the Monino
country on the left bank of the river Monino ; fl. end of Jan. 1860.
No. 4802. Anthers dull blue or bright blue. In mountainous forests
near the lake of Ivantala and Matas de Monino ; male fl. Feb. 1860.
No. 4799. In wooded places in Matas de Monino between the Monino
and the lake of Ivantala ; female fl. end of Feb. and in April 1860.
No. 4800. A shrub, 1 to 2 ft. high, with the habit of Buxus ; berries
pruinose, purple. In the Monino forests ; fr. end of April and in May
1860. No. 4801.

This apjjears to be the typical form of the species.

3. PATTARA Adans. Fam. PL ii. p. 447 (1763).

Emhelia Burm. f. (1768); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii.
pp. 1240, 644,

1. P. Welwitschii Hiern, sp. n.

A scandent shrub, in habit not unlike a Scutia ; the adult stem
sometimes spinous ; branches and brancblets horizontal and sub-
terete, glabrate or the latter very shortly puberulous and leafy ;
leaves alternate, oval, more or less cuspidate at the apex, obtuse
or somewhat wedge-shaped at the base, flaccid and membranous
or coi'iaceous, deep green and rather shining or glossy above,
glaucescent-paUid and marked with slender and raised violet-red
midrib and nerves beneath, entire repand or minutely denticulate
on the margin, 2 to 4^ in. long by 1 to 2} in. broad ; petiole \ to
1^ in. long, usually spreading and often sinuous ; flowers herma-
phrodite, pentamerous, y\j- in. long, on rather longer or shorter
slender glandular-puberulous pedicels, arranged in numerous
approximated axillary or lateral spreading racemes about ^ in.
long on the brancblets ; calyx hemispherical, 5 -fid halfway, y\- in.
in diameter, groen, subsequently becoming purple, persistent,
unchanged in fruit ; the lobes broadly ovate or deltoid, minutely
glandulai'-ciliolate ; corolla whitish-green ; petals free, oblong.

Fattara] Lxxvii. myusine.e. 63^

obtuse at the apex, sessile, broad to the base, rather concave^
alternating with the calxy-lobes, nearly valvate in a3sti\-ation but
the margins very slightly overlapping, minutely glandular inside
and on the margins, inserted on the calyx at the base of the
ovary ; stamens 5, opposite to and shorter than the petals and
adnata to them one-third up from the base, glabrous; anthers
cordate, apiculate at the apex, introrse, erect, basifixed, 2-celled,
dehiscing longitudinally, whitish ; disk obsolete or inconspicuous ;
ovary sessile, ovoid-spherical, red, 1 -celled, 1- or 2-ovuled; style
fiHform, curved at the apex ; stigma papillose, fifshy, truncate ;
drupe green when young, quite black when ri2)e, as large as and
in shape like to a peppercorn or small pea, hard, one-celled, one-
seeded, borne on the persistent calyx or its remains, mucronate
at the apex with the hardened style or its broken base ; epicarp
fleshy ; endocarp crustaceous ; seed white, covered all over with
large yellow distant glands ; embryo transverse.

GoLUNGo Alto. — In a rather elevated forest among the eastern
mountains of Queta, seen only in one spot ; fl.-bud and ripe fr. in the
middle of Dec. 1855. No. 4803. In the mountainous forests of
central Queta ; young fr. beginning of July 185(5. Xo. 4805. In the
thickets of Queta Carengue ; fr. middle of August 185G. No. 4804.

2. P. pellucida Hiern, sp. n.

A climbing shrub, rather much-branched ; branches dark-ashy,
glabrate, lenticellate, subterete, as w^ell as the somewhat puberu-
lous leafy striate branchlets spreading horizontally or even bent
backwards ; leaves alternate, obovate-oval, rounded or subcuspi-
date at the apex, obtuse or scarcely wedge-shaped at the base,
glabrous, thinly coriaceous, but little shining, obscurely penni-
nerved, pellucid-striate, apparently deciduous, li- to 41 in. long
by fj to 25 in. broad, entire; petiole i to l in. loiig ; fruit
drupaceous, glabrous, black-dotted, pea-shaped, 1 in. in diameter,,
borne at the base on the small puberulous 4-cleft persistent calyx
or on its remains, mucronate at the apex with the hardened rather
long obsoletely glandular style or with its broken base, one-seeded ;
fruiting pedicels i to 1 in. long, obsoletely puberulous, rather
slender, sjjreading, arranged in lax axillary or lateral racemes of
about 1 ^7- in. long on the branchlets ; pericarp somewhat flesliy ;
endocarp thinly crustaceous ; seed spheroidal, about i in. in
diameter ; embryo central in the axis ; albumen horny, copious.

GoLiNGo Ai.TO. — In the primitive forests of Sobato de Queta ; fr.
beginning of July 1856. No. 4806.

This is nearly related to Pattara kdimamhcJiarica (Gilg in Engl. Bot.
Jahrb. xix., Beibl. 47, p. 45 ; 21 Aug. 1894), but it differs in the shape
of the leaves, the infructescence is laxer, the fruit larger, etc.

The following No. is perhaps a new species of Puttara : —

GoLUNC.o Alto. — A glabrous glossy shrub, as tall as a man ; branches-
rather strict, terete, pallid ; branchlets slender, leafy : leaves alternate,
exstipulate. ovate, much and rather abruptly acuminate at the apex,
rounded subtruncate or very obtuse at the base, papery, rather dry
as is usual in Myrtacese, 1^ to 3 in. long by 5 to il in. broad, entire^

41

€40 Lxxvii. MYRSiNE^. \_PaUara

slightly undulate, deep-green, pellucid-striate, paler green beneath ;
midrib raised beneath ; venation delicate, not conspicuous ; petiole
dusky, yj to ^ in. long, usually patent. At the outskirts of forests
about the Capopa spring in Sobato de Bumba ; without either fl. or
fr. end of Aug. 1855. No. 4835.

LXXVIII. SAPOTACE^.
1. CHRYSOPHYLLUM L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 653.

1. C. Cainito L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 192 (1753).

Sierra Leoxe. — A small tree ; shoots rufous-tomentose, with alter-
nate leaves. Near Freetown ; without either fl. or fr. Sept. 1863. A-
"West Indian species, doubtless cultivated. No. 6735.

2. C. africanum Alph. DC. Prodr. viii. p. 163 (1844) ; Baker in
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 500.

C. macropliyllimi Sabine & G. Don in Trans. Hort. See. v. p. 458
(1824); non Gaertn.

Island of St. Thomas. — Branchlets erect-patent ; leaves alternate,
simple. Without either fl. or fr. Dec. 1860. Local name " Umtuem."
No. 6761.

This species is probably the Cainito mentioned in Afzelius' Report
on Sierra Leone, p. 172, n. 40 (1794). In our specimens the foliage is
rather smaller than in those from Sierra Leone.

3. C. cinereum Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xii. p. 522 (1890).

C. Stuhlmannii Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr., C., p. 306 (1895), as to
Buchanan's cited n. 793. Of. Bumelia Afzel. Report S. Leone,
p. 172, n. 41 (1794).

Cazengo. — A tree of moderate size, 20 to 25 ft. high, with the habit
of the laurels ; branches spreading ; branchlets much scarred, curved,
twisted ; flowers monopetalous, pentandrous, apparently white ; style
thick, columnar, truncate ; drupe 1-seeded. At the outskirts of forests
along the river Luinha, rather rare ; with marcescent fl. and young fr.
Dec. 1854. No. 4811.

GoLUNGO Alto. — A tree of 15 to 20 ft., with the habit of a Lauriis
•or Arhutus ; leaves coriaceous, shining, fasciculate at the apex of the
branches ; flowers numerou'^, situate below the leaves on the branches
•of the previous year, very shortly pedunculate. On the left-hand side
of the road from Cambondo towards the river Luinha ; fr. Jan. 1855.
Coll. Carp. 695. In very young fr. after the fall of the corolla.
Xo. 4818.

PuNGO Andongo. — A tree, 15 to 20 ft. high, patently branched
above ; leaves coriaceous, glossy, silvery-shining beneath. In the
lir.tle forests of the praesidium, sporadic ; fl.-bud beginning of Nov.
1856. No. 4823. A tree of 20 to 25 ft., sparingly milky in all parts ;
trunk 1| to 2 ft. in diameter at the base ; branches patent ; leaves
coriaceous, rigid, obscurely green and richly shining above, whitish
green and shining somewhat like silver beneath ; corolla campanulate-
rotate ; the limb 5-cleft, erect-patent, from whitish to greenish ;
stamens 5, opposite to the corolla-lobes ; anthers extrorse, incumbent,
2-celled, sagittately divaricate below ; very rarely there is present a
sixth stamen, alternating with a corolla-lobe, shorter than the rest and
■surmounted with a sterile anther ; ovary 5-celled ; the cells uni-ovulate ;
style thick, subcylindrical, bearing at its apex an obscurely 5-lobed

iJhrysopUyllum^ Lxxviii. sapotace.e. G41

stigma (or, rather, crowned at the apex with 5 depressed stigmatic
tubercles), these 5 elevated points of the stigma being copiously
milky at the time of the flower, and so appearing whitish. At the
base of the elevated rocks of the presidium and in their fis^sures,
sporadic; fl. middle of Nov. 1S56. No. 4821 A tree of moderate
size, with a dense obovoid head. In the dense primitive forests on
the Calemba island in the river Cuauza ; young fr. March 1857.
No. 4826.

Willi this species, the type No. of which is 4824, must be compared
Sklevdxiilon loiigisti/luni Baker, I.e., p. 502.

4. C. Welwitschii Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xii. p. 521 (1890); Elliot
in Jonrn. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 84 (1894).

fSideroxylona^., Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 211 (1884).

GOLUNGO Alto. — A slender shrub, climbing to a height of 25 ft.
flowers small, white. In dense forests among the mountains of the
eastern Queta ; fl. in Jan. and March ; fr. Sept. 1855. No. 4831. A
scandent shrub, trunk scarcely an inch thick at its base, with long
spines. In Mata de Mangue ; fl. April 1855. No. 4833. A sub-
scandent shrub ; leaves evergreen, glossy, penni-nerved ; flowers
axillary, white ; corolla waxy, rather fleshy. In dense thickets among
the mountains on the north-eastern side of Queta ; fl. beginning of
June 1855. No. 4832. In the denser primitive forests of Serra de
Alto Queta by streams ; fl.-bud June 1855. No. 4834. An evergreen
shrub, climbing far and high ; branches strigose-tomentose, spreading
horizontally ; leaves shining above, paler beneath, more or le.ss dis-
tichous, very densely penni-nerved, cartilaginous on the margin ;
flowers globose, very small, scarcely iV in. in diameter, axillary, solitary
or 2 or 3 (or in male flowers several) together ; corolla gamopetalous,
sub-urceolate ; the limb deeply crenate ; the lobes erect or rather
connivent ; stamens (in female flowers) 0 ; style thick, straight ; ovary
superior, free, hirsute with ferruginous hairs. In the more elevated
wooded mountainous parts of Sobato de Bumba, near Capopa ; fl,
28 July 1855. No. 4830. An elegant, climbing shrub. Serra de Alto
Queta ; fr. August 1855. Coll. Carp. 6119.

This shrub is called by the negroes in Golungo Alto " Jungingi," and
the seeds " Jimbundo" ; the bony, highly polished seeds are worn by
the natives as an ornament, and are suspended from the neck in a
knot, as an amulet. According to Ficalho, I.e., the native name of the
shrub is Tingingi.

5. C. argyrophyllum Hiern, sp. n.

A beautiful tree, 20 to 40 ft. high or less, with a broad leafy
head ; trunk 2 to 3 ft. in diameter, with a hard excellent wood ;
branches spreading ; branchlets dark-ashy, subterete, nodulose,
glabrate and closely scarred or towards the tips puberulous and
leafy ; leaves alternate, crowded towards the tips of the branchlets,
oblanceolate or somewhat oblong, refuse or emaigiiiate and some-
times minutely mucronulate at the apex, wedge-shaped or narrowed
to or towards the base, coriaceous, rigid, erect spreading or re-
flected, glaucous-shining and glabrous above, silvery-silky with
short adpressed sometimes sub-obsolete tomentum beneath, 3 to
9Mn. long by ^ to 2^ in, broad; margin thinly cartilaginou.s,
recurving, entire ; lateral veins very numerous, delicate, incon-
spicuous, widely spreading, anastomosing beneath in a sinuous

642 Lxxviii. SAPOTACE.E. \Chrysoj>hyllv.m

line a little within the margin ; petiole ^ to f in. long, robust,
pubernlons, sulcate when dry ; stipules lanceolate, scarcely acute,,
puberulous, deciduous ; flowers whitish, \ in. long, densely
clustered on the branchlets below the leaves ; peduncles i to 1 in.
long, strigulose-silky and glandular, pallid ; calyx i in. long,
tin^binate-campanulate, deeply 5- or 4-lobed, pallid-hairy outside,
glabrous inside ; segments imbricate, ovate, obtuse ; glabrous or
nearly so, deeply 5-lobed ; stamens 5, inserted on the corolla-
segments near their bases, opposite, glabrous, exserted ; filaments
yV in. long ; anthers about as long ; ovary hairy ; style glabrous,
columnar, scarcely equalling the filaments, undivided ; fruit edil)le,
in shape like a cherry, about 4 in. long, | in. thick, tomentellous
(when rather young), apiculate with the persistent style or its
remains.

PuNGO AxDOXGO. — In dense primitive forests along the banks of
the river Mangue, sparingly ; without either fl. or fr. March 1857.
An ornament to the forests. No. 4827-

Bumbo.— In the forests of the district ; late fl. and early fr. Oct. 1859.
No. 4828. In shady places in Serra de Xella ; a small tree in fr. Oct.
1859. No. 4829.

This species occurred also in the district of Huilla between the
town and Humpata, 22 Oct. 1859 ; it is nearly related to C. J/so/o
Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C, p. 306, t. .37 (1895), but differs in its stipules,
length of petiole, etc. ; it is also allied to C. magaUsmontanum Sond.
The native name is " Mutambote," and on its mossy bark grew
Hepatic n. 251 and Lichen n. 424.

6. C. Disaco Hiern, sp. n.

A large tree, with m_uch milky juice and the genei"al habit of
a laurel, even the fruit resembling that of the .same genus;
branches glabrate, dark-ashy, rather rough ; branchlets leafy,
somewhat furrowed, sparingly hairy at the tips, covered with a
cinnamon-coloui-ed bark ; leaves alternate, crowded especially
towards the ends of the branchlets, exstipulate, obovate oblanceo-
late or elliptical, rounded or obtusely narrowed at the apes, more
or less wedge-shaped to or towards the base, glabrous, of an opaque
green colour, a little glossy above, very pallid beneath, 3 to 12 in.
long by 1 to 4^ in. broad ; midrib yellowish, strongly raised be-
neath and thickening towards the base ; lateral veins numerous
(18 to 20 on each side of the midrib), clearly marked but rather
slender beneath, depressed above ; reticulation inconspicuous, de-
pressed on both faces in the dry state ; margin narrowly re volute,
entire or very nearly so ; petiole ^ to ^ in. long, puberulous or
glabrate ; flowers not seen ; fruit drupaceous, ellipsoidal (when
dry), |- in. long, f in. broad, 'i in. thick, rather shining, glabrate
except the apiculate tip, with the persistent adpressed puberulous
hard rather woody calyx at the base, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded ; fruiting
peduncles puberulous, hard, lateral on the branchlets below the
leaves, ^ to ^ in. long, in the approximated axils of fallen leaves,
solitary or a few together in each such axil, ascending or spread-
ing ; fruiting calyx about ^ in. in diameter, shortly 5-lobed, the
lobes rounded, glabrous within ; seed (when dry) ellipsoidal,.

-Chrysophi/Rum] Lxxviii. SAroTACE.E. 643

polished at least on one side, r, in. long, t in. broad, ij in. thick,
exalbuminous ; embryo (when dry) ellip.soidal, I in. long, ?, in.
broad, |- in. thick ; cotyledons semi-ellipsoidal, subequal ; radicle
small ; young fruit, as well as the branchlets, emitting a whitish
milky juice, tipped with the more or less persistent style which is
hairy at the base.

GoLUXGO Alto. — In the less dense forests among the mountiiins of
Queta, sporadic ; young fr. end of Aug. 185.';. No. 4812, and C<>i,l.
Cakp. GOG. Queta ; fr. Sept. 1855. Coll. Cakp. 700 and No. 4820.
Queta ; without either fl. or fr. Oct. 1855. Probably this species.
No. 4819.

The natives call this plant " Disaco," and it is doubtless the same
as that mentioned by Welwitsch, Apont., p. 552 under n. 107, by
the name " Dicaso " ; according to a ms. note of his, the fruit has
intoxicating effects when eaten in some quantity. Ficalho, PI. Uteis,
p. 209 (1884) referred the plant to Sideroxijlon, and had previously in
Bol. Soc. Geogr. Lisb., Ser. .S, p. 479, united it with Snjxita crras/fira
Welw., which is a Clmj soph i Hum. Although in the absence of the
flowers it is impossible to feel sure about the genus, it appears to me
better to place it under ChrijtioplajllKut. No. 4819, which I have men-
tioned under this species, should also be compared with C. cemx/frnrm ;
the two species differ by the latter having shorter peduncles, and,
according to Ficalho, by the shape of the leaves.

7. C. cerasiferum.

Sapota cerasifera Welw. Apont. p. 585. n. 17 (1859).

A handsome tree of 20 to 30 ft. with a widely spreading over-
green head, or an extensive tree with the habit somewhat of
Machilus odoratissima Nees, well worth cultivating; branchlets
dark-ashy, nodulose, leafy especially towards the apex, glabrate
except the tips; leaves alternate, obovate or elliptical, obtuse or
subcuspidate at the apex, wedge-shaped at the base, rigidly
coriaceous, rather shining, glabrate, entire, narrowly revolute on
the margin, 3 to 8 in. long by 1 to 3 in. broad, exstipulate ; lateral
veins 8 to 12 on each side of the midrib, clearly marked on the
lower face but rather slender, narrowly depi-essed on the upper
face ; midrib strong beneath ; reticulation inconspicuous, depressed;
petiole X to ^ in. long ; flowers about i in. long, often precocious,
on shorter puberulous peduncles, crowded in approximated axillary
or lateral clusters ; calyx i in. long, turbinate-ovoid, 5-cleft ; the
lobes ovate or rounded, much imbricate, erect, puberulous outside ;
corolla glabrous, the tube short, the lobes 5, revolute, ovate, sub-
acute, ^ in. long ; stamens 5, glabrous, opposite the corolla-lobes
and shorter than them, about y\- in. long ; anthers nearly as long
as the filaments, ovate, acuminate ; filaments flattened, sublinear,
revolute with the corolla-lobes ; ovary hairy, conical ; style
columnar, subglabrous towards the apex, undivided, exserted ;
fruit in size and taste like a large cherry, (in the dry state) about
-an inch long, very well flavoured but slightly pungent, glabrate,
with the not much increased adpressed calyx at the base, and
-apiculate at the apex with the base of the broken style ; fruiting
peduncle about \ in. long, the fruiting calyx I to f in. in diameter ;

644 Lxxviii. SAPOTACE.E. \C'hryso2)hyllum

seed solitary, ellipsoidal, ^ in. long, -^ in. broad, § in. thick,
polished at least on one side, exalbuminous ; embryo f in. long,
^ in. bi-oad and thick ; i-adicle very small ; cotyledons semi-
ellipsoidal, 4 in. long.

GOLUNGO Alto. — In primitive forests amon^ the eastern Queta
mountains ; fl. end of June 1856. Nos. 4817, 4825.

PuxGO Andongo.— In the deep valleys among the gigantic rocks
on the northern side of the presidium, sporadic ; ripe fr. Jan. 1857.
No. 4821. In the httle forests of Catete in the prassidium ; fl.-bud
April 1857. No. 4822. Near Catete ; fr. June 1857. Coll. Carp. 694.

This is nearly related to C. alhkluni G. Don.

2. SIDEROXYLON Dill, L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 655
1. S. densiflorum Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 503;
Ficalho, PL Uteis, p. 210 (1884).

Island of St. Thomas. — A beautiful tree, called by the Portuguese
colonists "Pao Azeitona " (olive-wood). In the denser forests be-
tween the town and Monte Caflfe ; without either fl. or fr. Dec. 1860.
Nos. 4839, 6764.

The determination is rather doubtful ; the foliage differs from that
of the type of the species by the little prominence of the lateral vein.«.
According to Ficalho, I.e., the tree in St. Thomas is reported to reach
60 ft. in height.

3. MIMUSOPS L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 661.

1. M. angolensis Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xii. p. 523 (1890).
Ambriz. — A small tree, 6 to 10 ft. high ; branches spreading ;

branchlets mostly ternate, the terminal ones nodding or even
pendulous ; leaves crowded at the tips of the branchlets ; flowers
sweet-scented, in colour from orange to dusky or cinnamon ; fruit
drupaceous, fleshy, subspherical, yellow. In hilly bushy places near
Ponta d'Ambriz, rather rare ; fl. Nov. 1853. No. 4836.

Congo. — A small tree. At Ponta do Padrao, near the mouth of
the river Zaire, Dec. 1857 ; a poor specimen in fr., probably belonging
to this species. No. 4838.

2. M. cuneifolia Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 506.
Kauhenia cuneifolia O. Kuntze, Eev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 406 (1891).
Ambriz. — A tree, 15 ft. high ; trunk patently branched a little

above the base ; branches rather elongated, ascending ; branchlets

fasciculately leafy. In wooded situations in Mossul domain, rather

rare ; without either fl. or fr. end of Nov. 1853. Apparently this
species. No. 4837-

3. M. Welwitschii Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xii. p. 524 (1890).
GoLUNGO Alto. — A tree, 10 to 15 ft. high, patently branched ;.

leaves dryly coriaceous, penni-nerved, calling to mind those of
Guttifer^. In the primitive forests among the mountains of the
eastern Queta ; without either fl. or fr. March 185G. No. 4815. A
tree, 25 to 30 ft. high; trunk 9 in. in. diameter at the base, unbranched
to the height of 10 to 15 ft. ; the lower branches directed gradually
downwards ; the crown leafy, oblong, evergreen ; leaves coriaceous,
rather dry, brittle, but little glossy ; calyces and peduncles ferruginous-
lepidote, remaining in the same state from March to the end of July.

MimUSOps] LXXVIII. SAPOTACEiE. 6i5

In the more elevated primitive forests among the mountains of the
central Queta, sporadic; 11. -bud, March to the end of July 1850.
No. 4814. A tree, '60 ft. high ; trunk about a foot in diameter near
the base ; berry acuminate ; the acumen J in. long, formed by the
hardened persistent style, at length reduced or deciduous. Only one
fruiting specimen found at the beginning of August 1856 on a tree
covered with flower-buds. No. 4816.

This tree is, perhaps, that with the habit of a laurel, mentioned by
Welwitsch, Synopse Explic, p. 14, n. 33, as having strong heavy and
durable wood used by the negroes for the building of their huts, and
as growing in the elevated forests in the Sobato de Quilombo-Quiaca-
tubia and neighbourhood, where it is called '' Cafequesu de Monte "
and also " Quisuuhunga." Compare Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 211 (1884).

4. M. frondosa Hiern, sp. nov.

A very elegant and useful tree, 15 to 60 ft. higli, beautifully
frondose ; wood whitish, hard, durable ; branchlets dark -ashy,
nearly glabrous, somewhat angular and sulcate-striate, leafy
thi'oughout ; leaves alternate, exstipulate, obovate-oblong,
I'ounded emax-ginate or obtusely cuspidate at the apex, more or
less wedge-shaped at the base, nearly glabrous or obsoletely
strigulose-silky, entire and narrowly revolute on the margin,
coriaceous, shining, deep green with narrowly depressed midrib
above, paler or silvery and with prominent midrib beneath, 4 to
14 in. long by I'i to 5 in. broad; lateral veins numerous, slender,
not conspicuous, widely spreading ; petiole }j to 1^- in. long, strong,
channelled above ; flowers hermaphrodite, clustered, many
together, axillary, l^ to f in. long, on nearly as long obsoletely
puberulous-strigulose pedicels, ebracteolate, hexamerous, violet-
coloured ; calyx-lobes 6, densely clothed on the back with short
thick whitish deciduous hairs, biseriate, glabi'ous inside, ovate or
deltoid, reflected at the time of the open flower ; corolla glabrous ;
tube rather short; lobes 18, the outer 12 of them ovate or
lanceolate, reflected ; the inner 6 obovate or oblanceolate ;
stamens 6, glabrous, exserted ; filaments tapering, about y^ in.
long ; anthers about -^ in. long ; staminodes 6, acute, cleft :
ovary conical, strigulose vdth dense short thick deciduous pale-
tawny hairs ; style glabrous, straight, columnar, exserted ; fruit
drupaceous ovoid, subglabrate, ;!t in. long, }, in. thick, tipped with
the persistent style or its remains; seeds 3 or 4, ovoid-oblong,
glossy, i in. long, ^ in. broad, ^ in. thick.

GoLUNGO Alto. — In the forests of Alto Queta, where it forms one
of their chief component parts and decks the tops of the mountains,
plentiful, flowering in April and again in October ; fl. end of April
185.'). Nos. 4813 and 4813/' ; fr. March 1855. CohL. Cakp. GDT. In
elevated primitive forests amoug the mountains of Alto Queta ; fl.-bud
28 Feb. 1855. No. 6719. Fr. and seeds June 185(3. Coll. Cakp. 098.

This tree is called by the natives " Cafequesu " or '' Cafuquesu," and
is mentioned by Welwitsch, Synopse Explic. p. 15, n. 38, who states
that it somewhat resembles a laurel in appearance, that its trunk
attains 2 to 2h ft. in diameter, and that its timber is well adapted for
hut-building and joinery. It grows in the vallej's of mountains com
posed of mica-schist, in Golungo Alto, Cazeugo, and in the countr

■G-iG Lxxviii. SAPOTACE^. [Mimusops

near the Mahungos. Compare also Fioalho, PL Uteis, p. 211 (1884).
It is nearly related to J/. Welwitschii Engl.

5. M. andongensis Hiern, sp. nov.

A small tree ; head spreading widely ; wood very hard ;
branches and branchlets arranged in a siib-verticillate manner,
the former ashy and glabrate, the latter tawny shaggy-tomentose
towards the extremities and leafy throughout ; leaves alternate,
■exstipulate, oval or elliptical, wavy and obtusely cuspidate at
the apex, narrowed at the base sometimes obtusely so, coriaceous,
glabrate or the midrib somewhat pubescent beneath, dark green
and glossy above, rather paler beneath, entire on the narrowly
cartilaginous somewhat undulate mai-gin, 2 to 3 in. long by ~ to
1 ^ in. broad ; lateral veins and reticulation raised on both faces
but not conspicuous ; petiole f to |- in. long, tomentellous or
glabrate, rather slender ; flowers axillary ; peduncles solitary,
tomentellous or subglabrescent. }^ to f in. long ; calyx-segments
l)iseriate, the outer ones 4, tomentose outside, ovate, sub-obtuse,
nearly i in. long ; the inner ones 4, lanceolate, scarcely acute,
nearly as long ; corolla fallen ; young fruit subglobose, pilose,
rather exceeding the calyx, tipped with the glabrous undivided
style which is i to i in. long.

PuNGO AxDONGO. — In primitive forests between Pedras de Guinga
and Candumba ; young fr. March 1857. No. 1229.

This species belongs to the section Quaternaria, Alph. DC, and is
nearly related to J/. Kummel Hochst., but differs from it by the
peduncles being solitary in the axils and shorter than the petioles, by
longer petioles, etc.

LXXIX. EBENACEJE.

These plants in Portuguese West Africa chiefly occur south of
the river Cuanza in the interior highlands, particularly species of
Euclea, all of which latter have edible fruit ; Welwitsch states
that on several occasions he satisfied his hunger and still oftener
his thirst by eating the fruit of E. pseudebenus E. Mey. ; the
fruit of several species of Diospyros also are edible. The wood
of all the species is very firm and heavy, but becomes black
only in old trees and then only in the centre ; even the young
trees, on account of the strength of their wood, are searched for
and felled by the negroes, and for this reason stout trunks very
rarely occur. In Golungo Alto the best timber is produced by
Maba Mualala Welw. and D. Dendo Welw., but it is often
streaked with white and near the bark the wood is always wholly
white ; these trees occur in highland forests also in the districts
of Dembos, Dande Alto, etc., and are often interspersed with
trees of Alhizzia Welwitschii Oliv. and Corynanthe paniculata
Welw. Along the road-sides, where they are annually cut back,
several species of Diospyros and Euclea^ which would grow into
small trees, are seen as undershrubs or even as herbaceous

A'oi/ena] Lxxix. EBEXACE.-i:. 047

slirublets, only 6 to 12 in. high; but even in huch state thf-y
frequently bear iiowers and fruits.

1. ROYENA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. GG3.

1. R. paUens Thunb. Prodr. PI. Cap. p. 80 (1794) ; Iliern in
■Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 510.

HuiLLA. — An evergreen shrub of 6 to 10 ft, occasionally taller, and,
perhaps, in primitive forests a tree ; flowers white, rather fleshy. In
l)ushy and wooded places along the banks of the river Monino and
the Lopollo stream ; tl. Dec. 185'J. A rather narrow-leaved form.
No. 2534. A shrub 4 to G ft. high, rarely a small tree of 8 ft.,
repeatedly branched in a divaricate manner ; flowers whitish ; calyx
usually .0-, rarely 4-clef t. In thin open forests and in thickets between
Lopollo and the river Monino ; young fr. Dec. 1859, ii. Jan. 18G0. A
rather broad-leaved form. No. 2533. A shrublet, scarcely 9 in. high :
stems ascending. In elevated rocky parts of Morro de Monino ;
without either 11. or fr. April 18G0. Apparently in a sickly state,
burdened wath the Fungus n. 128, ^Ecid'mm Welwitschli Lagerh. ;
probably belonging to this species. No. 1255.

2. R. cistoides Welw. ex Hiern, Monogr. Eben. in Trans.
Cambr. Phil. Soc. xii. p. 87 (1873), and in Oliv., I.e., p. 511.

PuNGO Andongo. — A procumbent shrub, 1 to 1^ ft. high, branched
from the base, whitish-hoary, resembling in habit a species of Cistus ;
wood very hard, tenacious ; young branches erect, the fruiting ones
archiug-ascending ; leaves silky-hoary ; fruit greenish-glaucous when
young, at length turning golden-yellow, shining, received at the base
in the 5-cleft calyx, obtusely mucronate at the apex, globular, hard, 8-
to 12-celled, 1- to 6-, mostly 3- to 5-seeded, several of the cells being
abortive. In wooded sandy sunny forests and in thickets between
Condo and Quisonde at the river Cuanza : fr. March 1857. No. 2532,
and Coll. Carp. 703.

2. EUCLEA L. edit. Murr. ; Benth. <fe Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 664.

1. E. pseudebenus E. Mey. ex Dr^ge, Cat. PL Exsicc. Afr.
Austr. p. 7 (1837) ; Alph. DC. in DC. Prodr. viii. p. 217 (1844);
Hiern in Oliv. FL Trop. Afr. iii. p. 512.

Diospyros pseudebenus Parment. in Ann. Univ. Lyon, vi. fasc. 2,
p. 138 (1892).

MossAMEDES. — A shrub, 4 to 8 ft. high, much branched from the
base upwards ; branches and branchlets erect ; leaves coriaceous ;
fruit edible, resembling in look and size a whortleberry, but less juicy
and not so pleasant, black-bluish, drupaceous, but little juicy ; seed
solitary. In sandy bushy places along the banks of the rivers Bero
and Girfiul, very plentiful ; in Mata dos Carpinteiros ; fr. July 1859,
No. 2544. A shrub of 5 to 8 ft. with the habit of a Jhi/ihue ; flowers
dioecious, gamopetalous : calyx of the male flowers 5-cleft ; corolla
globose-urceolate, 5- or 6-lobed, rather fleshy, white, tomentose outside:
stamens 12 to IG, inserted at the bottom of the corolla-tube ; anthers
erect, hirsute ; filaments short ; pistil obsolete. Fruits pea-shaped,
edible, pleasantly acidulous, clustered in great abundance on the
branchlets, glaucous-bluish like those of a juniper. In bushy places
and in small open woods composed of Tauuivix urientdlis Forsk. and
species of Cordia^ along the sandy banks of the rivers Bero and

648 Lxxix. EBENACE.E. [EucUa

Maiombo but scarcely reaching as far as Cazimba, not far from
the sea, very plentiful ; li. early in Oct. and fr. later in Oct. 1859.
No. 2543. Seeds furrowed. Coll. Carp. 705.

This, as are also other species or forms of the genus, is called by the
negroes "Emboto," or " N-boto." The flower-buds are frequently to
be found in June and July ; the flowers are open in June and July.

2. E. lanceolata E. Mey., I.e. ; Alph. DC, I.e., p. 218 ; Hiern,
I.e. ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 212 (1884).

a. Leaves glabrous and shining, the young ones often lepidote.

PuNGO AxDOXGO. — An arborescent shrub, sometimes dispersedly,
sometimes verticillately branched. In rough bushy places at the sides
of the gigantic rocks of Pedras de Guinga ; young fr. March 1857.
Doubtfully placed here. No. 1247.

Bexgueij.a. — A shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high, virgately branched ; branch-
lets both opposite and alternate ; female flowers racemose-spicate,
whitish-reddish or whitish ; fruit rather reddish, 1-seeded, deciduous.
In maritime thickets near the town towards the south ; ripe fr. middle
of June 18r)0. No. 2545.

MossAMKDES. — An evergreen, resinous shrub, occasionally arbores-
cent, 7 to VI ft. high. In sandy thickets along the inner banks and
rocks of the river Bero, plentiful ; few fl. June ; fr. July 1859.
Negro name, " N-boto " or " Emboto " (as also E. pseudcbenus E. Mey.).
No. 2546. A slender, much-branched shrub, 5 to 8 ft. high ; branchlets
opposite or occasionally ternate or quaternate ; leaves mostly opposite
or occasionally alternate, almost all lanceolate and wavy on the
margin, the younger ones lepidote ; male flowers whitish-rosy,
tetramerous ; stamens usually 16. In rocky places and in beds of
Tamarix oriental^ Forsk. and Ximenia americana L., along the river
Maiombo from Pedra do Eei ascending almost as far as Bumbo ;
plentiful ; male fl. Oct. 1859 ; in the interior from 300 to 1500 ft. alt.
No. 2547.

Bumbo. — A shrub, 8 ft. high ; branchlets mostly opposite ; leaves
much waved on the margin, glossy, scarcely ever lepidote ; male
racemes 9- or 10-flowered ; pedicels opposite, subsecund, a little longer
than the flowers, rather firm ; flowers whitish ; calyx-lobes 4, deltoid,
abruptly acute ; corolla glabrous inside, 4-cleft almost to the base, the
segments broadly oblong, rounded or very obtuse or occasionally sub-
emarginate, rather spreading on account of the turgid lanceolate
anthers : stamens IG ; filaments all free ; ovary rudimentary. On
somewhat rocky bushy slopes about Bumbo, in a sterile district,
sporadic ; male fl. end of Oct. 1859. No. 2548.

HuiLLA. — A rather rigid shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high, with a tortuous
ramification ; leaves mostly wavy. In shrubby places along the
outskirts of forests between MumpuUa and Nene ; female fl., mostly
fallen, very few remaining as young fr., end of Oct. 1859. No. 2549.

/S. Leaves and shoots pubescent.

HuiLLA.— A shrublet, 1 to U ft. high, with the habit almost of
Andromeda ; stems and branches hispid-pilose ; leaves dimorphous,
those near the base of the stems twice or thrice broader than the
others and obtuse, all glabrous above and pubescent beneath ; flowers
dioecious, white ; calyx of the male flowers short, 4-lobed or rarely
obscurely 5-lobed ; the lobes deltoid, acute ; corolla very deeply
4-lobed or 4-partite ; the segments obovate-elliptical, rounded-obtuse,
erect, rather concave and fleshy, occasionally scarcely connate even at
the base and nearly making a tetrapetalous corolla ; stamens 8, 9, 14.

?Juclea'\ LXXIX. EnENACE.-E. GIO

16, or 17 ; anthers pilose towards the apex, at the apex itself sparingly
fasciculate-barbellate with a few hairs, the cells lateral ; ovary
rudimentary, densely fimbriate-pilose below, centrally elongate-conical
above and almost resembling 4 closely combined stigmas. On bushy
somewhat rocky slopes near INIumpulla, not uncommon ; male 11.
Oct. 1850. No. 2550. A sub-ciuspitose, rather rigid shrublet, like
the last No. in size and habit. In bushy pastures where the thickets
are annually burnt on the right bank of the Lopollo stream towards
Jan. more or less in masses ; male fl. Nov. 1859. No. 2551. In same
locality, in company with dwarf Myrtacese (cf. EiKjoiiia curoiidUt Vahl,
var. salicifoUa ; Welw. Nos. 4392, 4393) ; fr. Feb. 18G0. No. 2551/;.
A shrublet, 9 or scarcely 18 in. high ; leaves coriaceous, rigid, glossy
above. In the same locality and like company as the last ; flemale fl.
end of Nov. 1859. No. 2552. A shrublet, almost an undershrub,
about IJ ft. high ; rootstock woody ; stems several ; berries black-
purple, edible. On the sandy-earthy bushy slopes of pastures along
the right bank of the Lopollo stream, in company with dwarf species
of Eugenia and Gijmnosporia (cf. G. sc.negalensiH Loes., var. pumila ;
Welw. No. 1346) ; 'ripe fr. end of Jan. 1860. The similarity of this
plant with Eugenia eomnata Vahl, var. sullcifoliu, is so close that a
general or superficial description would apply almost as well for either
plant. Perhaps it is only a state of this Eudea become in fully ripe
fruit nearly glabrous. No. 2553. A shrublet, scarcely a foot high,
branched from the base ; leaves coriaceous ; fruit baccate, 1-seeded ;
seed precisely spherical, pisiform ; testa hard-woody. In the bushy
parts of Humpata ; fr. 24 April 1860. Apparently this species. Coi.i..
Carp. 704.

3. E. multiflora Hiern, Monogr. Eben., I.e., p. 100, t. 3 ; and in
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 513.

PuNGO Andongo. — A tree-like shrub, 4 to 7 ft. high ; trunk erect,
straight, 2 to 2^ in. in diameter at the base, branched towards the
apex ; branches" spreading ; branchlets erect-spreading, in the living
state covered as well as the fruit with white felt which soon turns
rufous ; leaves coriaceous, above remarkably shining with a deep
green lustre and with elevated reticulation, whitish-hoary with white
rather long adpressed hairs beneath. In wooded rocky places in
Barranco de Catete, at the back of the prgesidium ; young fr. Dec. 1856.
No. 1257. A small tree, 7 to 8 ft. high ; branches erect-spreading :
leaves coriaceous, shaggy-tomentose beneath. In the taller thickets
near Catete, in the praisidium ; without either fl. or fi-. Dec. 1856.
Perhaps a form of this species. No. 1243.

HuiLLA. — A handsome shrub or small tree, 5 to 8 ft. high ; trunk
simple, branched like a besom towards the apex. In thickets at the
outskirts of forests near Lopollo ; without either fl. or fr. Dec. 1859.
The leaves are frequently burdened with an Erineuiii (Welw.
Fungi, n. 139). No. 1258. An arborescent shrub, 4 to 8 some-
times 10 ft. high, distinguished by a very dense head, a dusky green
object as seen from a long distance ; wood hard ; in the female
flower calyx-lobes 4, short, acute, broad at the base ; corolla tubular,
quadrifid half-way, with obtuse lobes ; staminodes represented by a
ring of hairs which persist at the bottom of the calyx-tube after the
fall of the corolla; fruit baccate, hirsute-tomentose outside, 1- or
very rarely 2-seeded, apiculate with the thick firm straight style ;
stigma capitate, with several mamilla; ; the style is occasionally
bipartite and then less thick and more elongat«'d, with the stigmas a

<350 Lxxix. EBENACE.E. [Euclea

little smaller. In the thia bushy forest of Mata de Monino ; young
fr. Feb. 1860. No. 2557- A tree-like shrub, 4 to 8, usually only
4 ft. high, with a very dense black-green head and sub-verticellate,
twiggy branches. In wooded places with tall bushes along the
denser forests from Lopollo towards Jhu, in Mata de Jau, not plentiful ;
fl.-bud end of May 1860. No. 2555.

No. 2556 is vacant, the plant intended for this No. having been
included under No. 1258 as given above. No. 2556/^ consists of a leafy
shoot, without either fl. or fr., of a small tree or rather an arborescent
shrub, 8 ft. high, tomentose almost in every part, which occurred in
the BuMP.o district at the base of Chao da Xella in Oct. 1859 ; it can
scarcely belong to this species, and indeed is a doubtful member of
Ebenaceae.

3. MABA Forst. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 664.

1. M. Mualala Welw. ex Hiern, Monogr. Eben. in Trans.
Cambr. Phil. See. xii. p. Ill (1873), and in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr.
iii. p. 515 ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 213 (1884).

Ebeyius Mualata 0. Kuntze, Ptev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 408 (1891).

LoANDA. — A tree, tall enough in the interior, but in the coast
region scarcely more than a small one or rather a much-branched
shrub of 3 to 6 ft., hardly ever flowering ; leaves coriaceous, deep
black-green, glossy, evergreen. In the thickets, the remnant of the
ancient forests, near Imbondeiro dos Lobes, very rare, June 1858 ;
also near Quicuxe, 7 Feb. 1859 ; young shoots of a tree formerly cut
down or burnt ; without either fl. or fr. No. 2542.

GoLUXGO Alto.— A beautiful tree with the habit of a laurel ; trunk
strictly erect, 15 to 30 ft. high and more ; leaves evergreen, deep-
green, remarkably glossy ; fruit black-purple, sparingly juicy, one-
seeded ; seed spherical ; calyx trifld. Near Trombeta, without either
fl. or fr. March 1855 ; in the denser forests near Trombeta, Sange, and
N-delle ; ripe fr. March 1856. The timber is very hard, valuable, and
usually but not always dusky-black in the centre. No. 2539. An
evergreen tree of 20 to 35 ft. in height, with valuable wood. In
forests between Calolo and Trombeta ; without either fl. or fr. Feb.
1856. No. 2541. A beautiful tree, 25 ft. high, with deep glossy green
leaves. In the dense forests of Serra de Alto Queta, without either fl.
or fr. August 1856. No. 2540.

The native name of this tree is " Mualala " both in Loanda and
Golungo Alto. No. 2539 was occasionally called also " Dendo," the
name of Diospyi-os Dendo. In order to convince himself as to the
native name, Welwitsch requested the chief Moncao to send him a
Muahlla from Trombeta, and received exactly the same species.
According to a ms. note of Welwitsch, the wood of Muahlla, called
also " Taenia escura " (dark Taenia) is good for making flutes and
other such musical instruments.

2. M. buxifolia Pers, Syn. PI. ii. p. 606 (1807); Hiern, I.e.
Ehenus buxifolia 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 408 (1891).
Var. Ebenus Thwaites, Enum. PI. Zeylan. p. 183 (1860).
A.AII5KIZ. — A small tree, 12 to 15 ft. high, with the habit of the

family ; branches rather erect ; branchlets crowded, slender, sub-
pubescent with thin hairs ; leaves coriaceous, glossy, easily deciduous
at the time of the flowering, undulate on the margin ; flowers dioecious,
white or whitish, rather rigid. In the male plant peduncles 3-flowered,
rather shorter than the petioles ; flowers when open somewhat nodding ;

Maba] Lxxix. kbenace.e. G51

calyx 3-lobed, hirsute outside, bracteolate at the pedicel, the lobes
broadly ovate and subacute ; corolla trifid, strigose-hirsute outside,
exceeding the calyx ; stamens usually 9, rarely only 3 ; anthers
apiculate ; some of the filaments combined at the base, rather shorter
than the anthers ; ovary rudimentary, pilose. In the female plant
calyx-lobes 3, ovate, shortly acute, hirsute with erect hairs ; corolla
tubular, twice the length of the calyx, trifid half-way ; the lobes
oblong, obtuse, rather fleshy, erect-spreading ; stamens obsolete ;
ovary ovoid, adpressedly liirsute all over especially at the base, 3 celled ;
style short, columnar, rather thick, terminating at the apex in 3
very short papilliform stigmas. In the rocky parts of little forests
between Ambriz and Quizembo on the right bank of the river Loge,
not far from the sea, not abundant ; tl. (male and female plants)
middle of Nov. 1853. Xo. 2527.

4 DIOSPYROS Dalech., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 665.
1. D. mespiliformis llochst. in PI. Schimp. Abyss, ii. nn. 655,
1213 (6^ i. 1842); Alph. DC. in DC. Prodr. viii. p. 672 (1844);
liiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 518; Ficalho, PI. Uteis,
p. 213 (1884).

Amuriz. — A tree-like shrub of 6 ft. or a small tree of 12 ft.,
perhaps in primitive forests a full-sized tree ; branches patent ; the
fresh branchlets ferrugiuous-tomentose ; leaves thinly coriaceous, the
young ones membranous, very soft and often dusky red, the adult
ones caducous at the time of the flowering ; calyx-lobes 3 or 4 or
rarely 5 or G ; stamens 8. In wooded rocky and sandy places near
Ambriz, on bushy hills between Ambriz and Mossul, and in the more
open forests between Ambriz and Quizembo ; fl.-bud, very few male
fl., and ripe fr. middle of Xov. 1853. No. 2528.

GoLUN(;o Alto, ktc. — A tree of moderate size (15 to 25 or 30 ft.)
or a handsome tree of 30 to 50 ft in height ; trunk nearly straight,
1 to 2i ft. in diameter ; bark rough, much cracked ; wood very hard,
heavy, white, well adapted for making screws ; branches erect-
spreading ; twigs virgate ; leaves coriaceous, evergreen or caducous
at the time of the flowering ; corolla contorted in aestivation ; fruit
baccate, rather hard, of the size of a small cherry, received at the
base in the quadrifid calyx, greenish or olive-tawny when quite ripe,
shining, sparingly pulpy inside, 3- or 4-celled ; the pulp gummy, very
viscid ; the cells 1-seeded. In forests, espejially in those less dense
and sandy, throughout this district and the neighbouring ones of
Zknza do GoiX'.NGo, Cazkn(;o, and A.muaca ; at the banks of the
river Delamboa in Sobato de Bumbo ; foliage without fl. March 1855 ;
Trombata, March 1855, fl. 185(3, and without fl. Feb. ; at the outskirts
of the forests of the Mongolo mountains, near the river Chixi,
in Zenza do Golungo ; fr. Sept. 1857. Called by the colonists
" Silviera " or " Musolveira '' and by the negroes " Mulende." No. 2529.
At Trombeta ; fr. June 1855. Com.. Cakp. 706. A leafy shrub of
5 to 7 ft. (perhaps in the primitive forests a tree) ; leaves caducous ;
flowers Avhite-greenish, small ; berries black-purple, 7- to 8-seeded,
borne on a quadrifid calyx ; fr. N-delle, July 1856 and August 1857.
CoiJ.. Caijp. 707 and 708.

Ambaca. — A shrublet, 2 to 3 ft. high, branched from the base ;
leaves membranous, deciduous ; fruit orange-yellow, baccate, as large
as a moderate-sized cherry, 2- to 6-seeded, with a viscid pulp, borne
on a quadrifid calyx. At Isange ; fr. 10 'June 1857. Coll. Carp. 709-

<352 Lxxix. EBENACE^, [Diospyros

Bumbo and Huilla. — A bush, perliaps a young tree. In the more
open forests from the base of Serra da Xella, above Bruco to
Mumpulla ; fl.-bud and fr. Oct. 185'J. No. 2530.

This plant is mentioned by Welwitsch in Apont. p. 552 under n. 108,
^nd is probably the Diospyros spoken of in Jouru. Linn. Soc. ix.
pp. 287, 300 (1866), as a constituent of forest in Ambriz, etc., and
as occurring by the copal-field near MongOlo in the forest composed
chiefly of Cynometra laxijiora Benth. The fungus n. 208, yEcuUum
Diospyri A. L. Sm., grew on the leaves of this species near Trombeta.

2. D. platyphylla Welw. ex Hiern Monogr. Eben. in Trans. Cambr.
Phil. Soc. xii. p. 266 (1873), and in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 519.

PuxGo Andoxgo. — ^A tree of moderate size : branches lax, tortuous,
leafy at the apex ; fruit said to be edible. In the more open sandy
Panda forests from Calunda to Condo ; scarcely in good fl. March
1857. Local name " Musolveira," the same as that of D. mesi^ilifonnis
Hochst. No. 2531. A shrub, 1^ to 2 ft. high ; perhaps the upgrowth
from an old tree ; rootstock large, very hard ; stems numerous, erect,
compressed-angular ; leaves rigidly coriaceous, shining, with raised
veinlets beneath ; fruit solitary, axillary, hirsute, apparently baccate,
received into the 4- or 5-cleffc calyx, apiculate at the apex with the
remains of the style. In the sandy Panda forests between Zamba and
Cazella, sporadic ; young fr. 18 Oct. 1856. Apparently this species.
No. 1234. An undershrub or shrublet, H ft. high, rigid. In the sandy
forests between Cazella and the praasidium, rather rare ; after the fall
of the fl., Nov. 1856. Perhaps this species. No. 1242.

The fungus n. 211 grew on this species between Calunda and Condo.

3. D. Loureiriana G. Don, Gen. Syst. iv. p. 39 (1837) ; Hiern
in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 522 ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 214 (1884).

"Var. heterotricha Welw. ex Hiern in Journ, Bot. xiii. p. 355
(1875), and in Oliv. I.e., p. 523.

GoLUNGO Alto, Ambaca, etc. — An erect shrub, 2 to 8 ft. high ;
stems several ; branches patent ; branchlets and young leaves clothed
with hairs of two kinds ; leaves membranous, usually flaccid, very
readily falling off in the drying ; flowers dicecious or at least poly-
gamous ; calyx quadrangular at the base, 4-clef t from the middle
upwards, valvate in flower, green ; corolla milk-white, perigynous,
gamopetalous, deeply 4-lobed, the lobes contorted in aestivation ;
stamens 8, adnate to the base of the corolla, densely bearded with
rather rigid hairs ; ovary spherical, crowned with 4 styles falling
short of the corolla ; fruit 8-seeded, said to be edible. In bushy places
and at the outskirts of forests throughout this and neighbouring
districts, especially in wooded mountainous places, and frequently
alongside high roads, fl. from Sept. to May 1854 to 1856 ; among the
Queta mountains, 28 Feb. 1855 ; in the shady woods of Sobato de
Mussengue, March 1855 ; in hilly thickets on a red muddy soil, from
Izanga towards N-gombe (in Ambaca), in company with Bauhinia
eissoides Welw. (herb. No. 552 ; a7ite p. 295) and Smilax Kraussiana
Meisn. (Welw. herb. No. 3860), fl. 16 and 17 Oct. 1856. No. 2535.
Branches erect-spreading; leaves deciduous; flowers polygamous;
corolla deeply 4-partite, white ; style bipartite at the apex. In the
more open woods of Sobato de Bumba near Bumba, fl. Sept. 1855 ;
in shady forests among the Queta mountains, fl. 24 Sept. 1856. A
narrow-leaved sprinsr form ; also at the cataract > of the Delamboa,
fr. Mav 1855. No. 2535/a

D'lospjjros] Lxxix. ebenace.k. G53

The natives call this plant " Dendo ofele," or " Dendo cafcli," that
is, small Dendo.

4. D. Dendo Welw. ex Hiern, Monogr. Eben. p. 195, t. x (1873),
and in Oliv., I.e. ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 214 (1884).

GoLUNGO Alto. — An evergreen tree, 25 to 3.5 ft. high ; wood very
hard, quite black in the centre ; leaves shining, green ; berries black-
l)nrple. Among the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta, Dembos, etc.,
plentiful, in dense primitive forests which this plant occasionally
forms together with Anonaceae (cf. Unonn Inridula Oliv. ; Welw.
herb. Nos. 758, 7G7) and Corijnanthr jMuiirnhda Welw. herb. Xo. 15i)8 ;
fl. Dec. to Feb , fr. March to May 1854 to IS.'ji). No. 2537. In
tlie dense most elevated forests of Cungulungulo ; without either
fl. or fr. Feb. 1855. Apparently a broad-leaved form of this species.
Xo. 2538. The Dendo grande of the Mangue forest in Queta ; fr.
April 185(). Coll. Cviip. 710.

This tree, which is called " Dendo " or " X-Dendo '' by the natives
in Golungo Alto, is mentioned by Welwitsch, Apont. p. 552 under
11. 108, as a Din^pjp-o.-t which furnishes very beautiful and durable
timber for building purposes. He also describes it, Synopse Explic.
p. 10, n. 18, as follows :— A tree of 25 to 40 ft. in height and 1 to 2 ft.
in diameter, growing in the densest and most shady virgin forests ;
the wood is one of the strongest, densest, compact, and most durable
i:i the forests of Angola ; it is white in the outer part, with black bars
in the middle of the trunk.

It is the Dendo grande, or great Dendo, as contrasted with the
Dendo ofele, or small Dendo, which is D. Lourc/rlana G. Don, /3. hetero-
trichu. The name Dendo is also occasionally used for ^[uha Mualala
AVelw.

5. D. Welwitschii Hiern, sp. n.

A shrub or tree ; branches dusky, glabrate, terete ; branchlets
alternate, slender, dusky-ashy, making an angle of about 45^ with
the bi^anches, ascending, minvitely puberulous at the extremities ;
leaves alternate, oval or oblong, obtusely sub-acuminate at the
apex, more or less obtusely narrowed at the base, thinly coriaceous,
shining dark green and glabrous or very nearly so above, rather
paler green subglabrate and mici-oscopically scaly beneath, 1|
to 3^ in. long by § to li in. broad; midrib narrowly depressed
above, in relief beneath; lateral veins and net-veins inconspicuous ;
margin entire, rather undulate ; petiole |- to | in. long, glabrate or
puberulous ; male flowers fasciculate a few together, clustered in
very abbreviated axillary puberulous cymes, rather fleshy, milk-
white, very readily falling off, glabrous ; calyx i in. in diameter,
4 -cleft, the lobes broadly deltoid, obtuse ; corolla deeply 4- or rarely
5-lobed, i in. long, the segments oval-ovate, obtuse; stamens
about 16, glabrous, inserted on the corolla near its base or near
the top of its very short tube; anthers ovate-lanceolate, about
y .r in. long or rather less, longer than the rather slender filaments ;
-ovary rudimentary, glabrous, obtuse.

Lo.\ND.\. — At Alto das Cruzes, Feb. 1854. Xo. 4840 In bu.shy
places near Museque do Senhor Schut, rather rare ; male fl. 17 May
1854. Xo. 4841.

This is nearly related to D. Dendo Welw., but the corolla is much
shorter and the foliage more coriaceous.

654 LXXIX. EBENACE^.

The doubtful Ebenacea, mentioned in Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 525,
is possibly an Anonacea, and, if so, should have appeared ante on
page 9, as follows : —

2*. POLYALTHIA Blume ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL i. p. 25.

1. P. ? acuminata Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 26 ; Henriques, Bol.
Soc. Brot. X. p. 98 (1892).

Island of St. Thomas. — A handsome, ever^een tree ; trunk
strictly erect, 2 ft. in diameter ; wood veiy hard, dusky-blackish. In
the more elevated primitive forests of Monte Caffc', not uncommon ;
without either fl. or fr. end of Dec. 18G0. Colonial name " Preto " or
" Pao Preto." No. 2536.

Henriques, Lc, identifies, but with some doubt, a plant from St.
Thomas bearing the local name of " Pd,o preto " with Oliver's species ;
but Welwitsch's No. is not unlike Ebenacea in habit.

LXXX. OLEACE^.

1. JASMINUM Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii.p.674.

1. J. microphyllum Baker in Kew Bull. 1895, p. 93 (June 1895).

HuiLLA. — A slender little shrub, sometimes standing erect, some-
times more or less twining ; flowers whitish with a purplish tinge.
In the drier thickets composed of Duranta erecta L. (Welw. herb.
No. 5760), and Clerodendron (cf. Welw. herb. Nos. 5763, 5768), on the
right bank of the Lopollo river, rather rare ; fl. Feb. 1860. No. 932.

2. J. ternum Knobl. in Engl. Bot. Jalirb. xvii. p. 535 (1893).
J. hrevijyes Baker, I.e.

GoLrxGO Alto. — A robust shrub, climbing far and widely ; flowers
fragrant, white inside, rosy-purple outside ; drupes black ; in the
Mangue forests among the mountains of Alto Queta, abundant ; fl.
and fr. March 1856 ; fr. May 1856. A subscandent shrub, with white
flowers ; in shady moist tall thickets between Ponte de Luiz Simoes
and Camilungo ; fl. beginning of July 1856. No. 926.

Ambaca. — A sarmentose shrub of 4 to 6 ft. ; leaves coriaceous,
deciduous at the time of the inflorescence ; flowers very pleasantly
fragant, handsome, rather fleshy, white inside, bright purplish outside.
In wooded thickets from Izanga towards N-gombe, sporadic ; fl. Oct.
1856. No. 929.

3. J. obovatum Baker, I.e., p. 94.

PuNGO Andongo. — A widely climbing shrub ; branches and branch-
lets slender, flexuous, as well as the soft membranous leaves shaggy
with spreading hairs ; flower-buds whitish, turning somewhat yellowish.
By thickets near Catete, in deep rocky valleys ; fl.-bud beginning
of Dec. 1856. No. 5934. A shrub climbing far and widely ; flowers
very fragrant, white with a rosy tinge. In the moist rocky thickets
of Barrancos de Catete, near the prsesidium, sporadic ; fl. Feb. 1857.
No. 928.

Yar. "Welwitschii. Branches less densely pubescent.

J. Wehvitschii Baker, I.e.

GoLUNCio Alto. — A climbing .'^hrub. Among the Queta mountains ;
fl.-bud Feb. Nos. 5933 ^ 5933'^, 5933''.

Jasmiuum] Lxxx. oleace.*:. 055

PuNGo Andongo. — A shrub, climbing high and very widely ; leaves
subcoriaceous, but little shining ; flowers very agreeably fragrant,
white, present during nearly the whole year ; corolla-hmb 7- to *J-cleft.
In wooded rocky thickets at the outskirts of forests near the praj-
sidium ; fl. middle of Dec. ISoC. No. 927-

The distinction between the two species here brought together,
which is alleged to exist in the comparative length of the caly.x-tube
with its lobes, does not always hold good. Both are very closely
related to ,/. paiu-jjlovun, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 443 (1849),
perhaps too closely for specific separation.

4. J. longipes Baker, I.e. {longpipes).

(toi.ungo Alto. — A slender shrub, climbing widely, with long
sarmentose branches ; flowers slightly fragrant, red-purple outside,
milkwhite inside ; in bushy places at the outskirts of the primitive
forests of Alto Queta, about Sange, plentiful : fl. end of Dec. 1855.
A shrublet with subscandent sarmentose branches and flowers (judgmg
from the buds) apparently whitish ; in Sobato de Bumba at tbe river
Gate, only one specimen, in unopened fl. Dec. 1854. No. 925.

5. J. angolense Welw. ex Baker, I.e., p. 95.

LoANDA. — A shrub, 2 to 3 ft. high, altogether erect (or in one case
only a sarmentose branch was seen), with numerous stems much
branched from a woody rootstock ; very beautiful by reason of the
plentiful two-coloured flowers ; leaves simple, thinly fleshy, scarcely
coriaceous, bright and deep green ; flowers comparatively large, very
crowded ; corolla milkwhite inside, purplish or usually deep purple
outside. On sandy rather dry hilly spaces by scattered bushes of
Jfariia aiigoIniKis DC. above Loanda, nt)t seen elsewhere, plentiful ;
fl. and fr. Feb. and April 1854. No. 924. An erect shrub, 3 to 4 ft.
high ; branches twisted ; flowers scarcely at all fragrant, violet-red
outside, snow-white inside ; style elongated, with an oblong somewhat
bilobed stigma. In bu.shy places ; fl. Nov. 1853 and March 1854. A
form with leaves more acuminate than in the type and growing in
company with it. No. 924^.

6. J. mauritianum Boj. Hort. Maurit. p. 204 (1837); DC.
Prodr. viii. p. 310 (1844).

J. tettense Klotzsch in Peters, Mossamb. Bot. (i.), p. 284 (1861) ;
Henriques, Bol. Soc. Brot. x. p. 139 (1892).

Loanda. — A high-climbing shrub ; leaves compound ; veins of the
leaflets constantly bearded in their lower axils ; flowers very fragrant,
with the aroma nearly of ./. tiamhac Ait. In thickets and in plantations
of Addusoniu (ligitata B. Juss., tolerably frequent but not penetrating
into the interior of the country ; fl. and fr. from Feb. to May 1854.
No. 923.

MossAMEnES. — Flowers white, strongly and very sweetly fragrant.
In dry places among shrubs near the river Giraul, very sparingly ; fl.
July 1859. No. 930.

HuiLi.A. — Flowers white, fragrant. In bushy rocky places between
Mumpulla and Nene, sporadic ; fl. and young fr. Oct. 1859. No. 931.

7. J, mossamedense Hiern, sp. n.

A handsome, glabrous, rather shining shrub, 8 to 12 ft. high,
virgately branched from the base ; stems numerous, erect, sub-
terete ; branchlets elongated, weak, slender, nodding, obtusely

42

656 Lxxx. OLEACE.E. [Jasminu7>t

angular, snlcate ; leaves opposite, imparipinnate, 1- to 3-jugate,
1^ to 2 in. long, exstipulate; leaflets oval-oblong, rounded or
emarginate at the apex, somewhat wedge-shaped at the base, the
lateral ones uneqvially so, firmly membranous, of nearly the same
colour and subglaucescent on both faces, very narrowly revolute
and entire on the margin, the terminal one =^ to 1 in. long by ^
to -?T in. broad, the lateral ones smaller than the terminal one;
common petiole y to |^ in. long ; petiolules very shoi't; inflorescence
axillary.

MossAMEDES. — In a bushy sandy place by the bank of the river
Maiombo, near Pomangala ; seen nowhere else ; without fl. in Oct.
1859, with very young fl.-bud in June 1860. No. 3022.

This species has apparently not hitherto been described ; it belongs
to the section Pinnatifolia, DC, and is near J.florihundum Br.

2. NATHUSIA Hochst. in Herb. Schimp. Abyss, i. n. 245
{U.i. 1840) & in Flora xxiv. p. 671 (14 Nov. 1841).

Schrehera Eoxb. (1798) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 675;
non L. apud Schreb. (1773).

1. N. alata Hochst., I.e., p. 672 ; Welw. Apontam. p. 579 under
Nota 10(1859).

Schrehera Saundersice Harv. Thes. cap. ii. p. 40, t. 163 (1864).
^S". alata Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 41 (1869).

PuNGO Andoxgo.— A tree, 20 to 25 ft. high, precisely hke an ash
in habit ; trunk a foot in diameter at the base ; leaflets deep green,
rather fleshy, scarcely coriaceous ; flowers with the scent of Philadclphus
coronarins L. ; calyx puberiilous or somewhat shaggy ; corolla straw-
coloured ; the lobes of the limb mostly (3, patent, bearded at the base
with hairs of a deep cinnamon colour more or less tinged with violet ;
the tube scattered inside with thin dusky hairs ; stamens inserted a
little below the throat, included or sub-exserted ; filaments very short ;
anthers apiculate at the apex with an empty appendage ; style filiform,
exserted ; stigma thick, sub-bilobed ; the lobes contiguous, fuscous-
stigmatose on the inner side. In little rocky woods intersected with
numerous rivulets, on the south-west of the prsesidium, tolerably
plentiful ; fl. Oct. 1856. No. 937- Leaves pinnate. In Mata de
Pungo ; fr. beginning of May 1857. Coll. Carp. 713.

HuiLLA. — A small tree, 8 to 15 ft. high, but always with a single
trunk, with the aspect of the European Ash ; leaves imparipinnate,
coriaceous, glossy, with the rhachis winged ; flowers very fragrant
especially by night ; corolla salver-shaped, Hke a jessamine, 5- to 8-cleft ;
the tube scattered inside either throughout or only at the base with
rather crisp hairs ; stamens 2, inserted a quarter or a third way down
the tube ; anthers oblong, ellipsoidal, obtuse at both ends, sub-emar-
ginate at the base, inserted at the middle of the back, included ; the
connective broad, flattened, laterally 2-celled ; ovary obconical, sub-
truncate at the apex, 2-celled ; the cells 4-ovuled ; style flaccid :
stigma thickened-clavate, with 2 rather obtuse and usually cohering
lobes ; capsule pyriform, much compressed at the apex, bi-partite ; the
valves obcordate, emarginate, woody. In rather elevated (5000 ft.)
much mixed forests in Morro de Lopollo ; fl. Dec. 1859 and Jan.
1860 ; young fr. May 1860. No. 938. Leaves pinnate. Fr. Jan. 1860.
Coll. Carp. 714.

Nathusia] Lxxx. oleace^e. 657

Abyssinia. — A tree. In valleys near Gennia, Memsacli ; fl. and fr.
14 Dec. 1837. Schimper, i. n. 245.

Var. /3. tomentella (Wehv. in Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e., p. 42).

HuiLLA. — An arborescent shrub of 5 to 8 ft. or almost a small tree,
very hard, with patent brittle branches, ash-like foliage, and very
fragrant jessamine-scented whitish sordid-purplish flowers. In the
rocky more elevated drier parts of Morro de Lopollo, at an elevation
of 5200 to 5500 ft. ; fl. and young fr. end of March 18G0. A form
with the branchlets, leaves, peduncles, and pedicels silky-tomentellous.
No. 939.

2. N. golungensis O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 412 (1891).
Scltrehera (/oli/iHjensis Wehv., I.e., p. 40, t. xv.

GoLUNcJo Alto. — A handsome tree, 15 to 30 ft. high ; trunk I to
2 ft. in diameter at the base ; branches erect-spreading or spreading ;
flowering branchlets somewhat nodding ; leaves evergreen or deciduous,
moderately coriaceous, shining ; flowers very sweetly fragrant especially
by night ; calyx shortly campanulate, green, fleshy, shortly 4- to (i-
toothed, often quasi-truncate, the teeth very deUcately fringed ; corolla
salver-shaped, inserted at the bottom of the calyx-tube ; the limb
constantly G-eleft ; the segments obovate, densely beset within from
the base to the middle with red papilljB, patent at the time of full
flowering ; the whole corolla soon tinged with a cinnamon colour and
in this state emitting a clove-like aroma ; stamens included or snb-
exserted ; anthers ellipsoidal-obovoid, attached about the middle of the
back ; ovary free ; ovules 3 or 4 in each cell ; style elongated ;
cotyledons oblong, rather fleshy, flat, not longitudinally folded ; radicle
tolerably conspicuous, obtuse, directed towards the bile. In elevated
primitive forests among the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta, here
and there ; fl. Dec. 1855 ; fr. May 1856. No. 933 and Com-. Cai:i'. 711.

3. N. trichoclada 0. Kuntze, I.e.

Schrehera triehoclada Welw., I.e., p. 41. Nathusia foliis indivisis,
Wehv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. p. 153 (Feb. 1859).

Ambaca. — A robust shrub, with the habit somewhat of SdJi.r caprra
L., perhaps at length arborescent ; leaves very readily falling otf in
the course of drymg, those at the ends of the branchlets larger and
acute, those at their base smaller and very obtu.se, flowers very
pleasantly fragraut. In rocky mountainous places among tall bushes
at the great cave of Puri-Cacarambola, rather rare ; fl. end of Oct.
1856. No. 934.

PrxGO Andonco. — An arborescent shrub, 8 to 10 ft. high : branches
patent. In the sandy Panda forests between the river Lutete and the
prassidium, very sporadic and rather rare ; fl. Oct. 1856 ; fr. June 1857.
A form with the leaves and calyces sparingly hairy but the flowering
branches hoary-tomentellous as in the type ; the leaves shorter and
broader, obovate-elliptical and more compact. No. 935. A small tree,
15 ft. high or rarely more, or sometimes a bush of 8 to 12 ft. ; trunk
straight, patently branched above ; wood used for making domestic
utensils ; leaves hard-membranous, deciduous ; stamens 2, inserted on
the corolla-tube a quarter below its throat, included ; filaments rather
broad, compressed ; anthers linear-oblong, very obtuse at both ends ;
ovary nearly glabrous; style glabrous, cylindrical, central, straight;
stigma clavate, obtuse at the apex, more or less deeply bilaminate,
viscid ; capsule pyramidal, acuminate. In thin sandy forests between

C58 Lxxx. OLEACE.'E. [Nathusia

Cazella and the prajsidium, and also but rarely in the prgesidium itself ;
fl. Dec. 1856 ; fr. June 1857. No. 936. Near Luxillo, by the road
leading to Cazella ; fr. June 1857. Coi.i,. Cakp. 712.

This and the last, as well as the other species above mentioned, were
recommended for introduction into Portugal : see Welwitsch, Apontam.
p. 579, note 10.

3. MAYEPEA Aubl. PI. Guian. i. p. 81, t. 31 (1775).
Linociera Swartz (1791) ; Benth. k Hook, f . Gen. PL ii. p. 678.
The type speciraen of Mayejjea is in the British Museum
herbarium.

1. M. africana Knobl. iu Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvii.p. 529 (1893).
Chionanthus africanus Welw. ex Knobl., I.e., p. 53U.

PuNdo AxDONGO. — A tree, 20 to 30 ft. high, with the habit of Olea
latifolia and nearly like that of Lhiociera hitermedia "Wight, Ic. t. 1245,
but differing by the panicles of flowers being shorter than the leaves,
the strigulose-hirsute calyces, the pale yellow instead of white corolla,
the narrower strictly erect petals, and the rounded obtuse instead of
acute leaf -tips ; bark whitish ; trunk 1 to H ft. in diameter at the base ;
branches patent, more or less smooth-whitish, as well as the branch-
lets dilated-tumid at the nodes ; leaves coriaceous, glossy and deep
green above, pallid beneath ; petals thick ; stamens 2. In little woods,
the remnants of the primitive forest, at the base of the gigantic rocks
of the prsesidium, sporadic ; fl. and few fr. Dec. 1856 ; Mata de Pungo
and Cabondo ; fr. Feb. 1857. No. 941.

This is the plant referred to by Welwitsch, Apontam. p. 549, under
n. 89, and p. 579, note 10, as belonging to an undescribed genus.

2. M. Welwitschii Knobl., I.e., p. 530.

GoLUNGO Alto.— A tall tree, 50 to 80 or 100 ft. high or more ; trunk
2 to 3 ft. in diameter at the base, bare of branches half way up, then
with numerous primary suberect branches ; the secondary branches
and branchlets patent or even nodding and pendulous, arranged
irregularly ; branchlets much compressed and flattened towards the
insertion of the leaves ; leaves opposite, thinly chartaceous-coriaceous,
bright green and glossy above, but little paler beneath, smooth on
both faces, borne on variously curved or reflected long flaccid petioles
and therefore pendulous, apparently evergreen ; flowers arranged in
terminal trichotomous panicles : pedicels and common peduncles quad-
rangular ; calyx shortly cyathiform-campanulate, 4-toothed, green,
bracteate at the base ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, f urfuraceous ; corolla
w^hite, gamopetalous, hypogynous, some deciduous after fertilisation of
the ovary ; the tube very short ; the limb equal, quadrifid ; the lobes
valvate in aestivation ; stamens 4, inserted on the throat of the corolla,
•exserted, equal ; anthers yellow, introrse, large, 2-celled ; the cells
distant, dehiscing longitudinally; style terminal, short, robust, whitish-
green ; stigma thick, cubical-capitate. In the denser primitive forests,
by the cataract of the river Cuango, near Sange, sporadic ; fl. Aug.,
young fr. Oct. 1855. No. 945. A small, probably a young tree, 6 ft.
high, agreeing in habit with the previous No. but with much shorter
petioles ; without either fl. or fr., at the cascade of the Cuango, April
1855. Probably a young state of this species. No. 946.

4. OLEA Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 679.
1. 0. europaea L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 8 (1753).
Var. /3. sativa DO. Prodr. viii. p. 284 (1844).

Oku] LXXX. OI.KACE.E. 659

LoANDA. — A small tree, K to 10 ft. high. In sandy maritime place.'*
in the island of Caz-.mga near Loanda, introduced from Portugal and
several trees cultivated ; without either 11. or fr. May 1854. No. 940.

It was reported to Welwitsch that this tree flowered abundantly in
Benguella gardens, but that it never or only once had borne fruit
there : in Apontam. p. 549, under n. 8'J, he recommended its culti-
vation in the district of Pungo Andongo.

LXXXI. SALVADORACE^.

1. SALVADORAGavcin, L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 681 .

1. S. persica L. 8p. PI. edit. 1, p. 122 (1753).
Var. densiflora (Welw. ma in Herb.).

A perennial slirub, 4 to 6 ft. high, of a sad pallid almo,'>t
Chenopodiaceous aspect, much and densely branched ; sap watei-y ;
stem scarcely jointed ; branchlets virgate, divergent-nodding,
green compressed-angular and pubescent towards the extremities ;
leaves opposite, oval, rounded or obtuse at the apex, obtuse or
obliquely narrowed towards the base, coriaceous, glabrous or
nearly so, evergreen, pallid-glaucous, entii^e and in the dry state
rather undulate on the margin, 1 to 2 in. long by ^ to 1 in. broad ;
petiole i to i in. long ; flowers hermaphrodite, greenish, tetra-
merous, ^V ^^- ^^ diameter, on very short puberulous pedicels,
densely paniculate ; calyx deeply quadridentate, rather fleshy ;
corolla quadrifid, longer than the calyx ; the lobes somewhat
imbricate in aestivation, revolute at the time of full flowering,
thinly membranous, whitish-greenish; stamens 4, alternating
with the corolla-lobes, filaments flattened, ascending ; anthers
globose, didymous, introrse, 2 -celled, longitudinally dehiscing,
yellow; ovary comparatively large, spherical, green, sessile at
the bottom of the calyx-tube, covering the insertion of the corolla-
lobes and stamens, 1 -celled, 1 -ovulate; disk obsolete; berx-y soft,
rosy, as large as a peppercorn, hyaline-pulpy inside, 1- seeded.

LoAXDA, ETC. — In sandy maritime rocky places, very plentiful along
the coast from Ambriz to the mouth of the Cuanza ; near Loanda, fl.
and fr. Nov. 1853 and Oct. 1857. No. 944.

2. AZIMA Lam. (1783) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 681.
3fonetia L'Herit. Stirpes Nova;, p. 1, t. 1 (1784).

1. A. tetracantha Lam. Encycl. Meth. i. p. 343 (1783).

Monetia barlerioides L'llei'it., I.e.

LoAXDA.— An erect, much-branched shrub, 3 or rarely 4 ft. high,
bristling with very acute axillary spines ; leaves coriaceous, glossy,
evergreen ; flowers greenish-yellowish ; fruit white. In sandy and
rocky bushy maritime hilly places along the whole coast of the
district, plentiful ; fl. in April, f r. from March to August : near Maianga
d'El Rei, fl. beginning of April 1854. Nos. 942, 4649, 5403- A coast
shrub ; leaves fleshy, brittle ; spines cruciate : flowers Khamnoid,
green ; berries crowded, black, juicy ; Praia de Penedo ; fr. Jan. 1854.
Coll. Carp. 336.

IcoLo E Bexgo. — In rather dry thinly bushy places near Dafunda,
rather sparingly ; fl. Sept. 1857. A broad-leaved form of this species.
No. 943.

660 LXXXII. APOCYNACE.E. [Pc

LXXXII. APOCYNACEiE.

Rubber-yielding plants appear to be abundant in Angola,
although the quantity of rubber exported in Welwitsch's time
was very scanty, and in some cases had been even restricted to
single samples ; he, however, was fully convinced that the small-
ness of the export of an article in such great demand in European
markets was by no means to be attributed to the rarity of these
plants in the country, but principally to the immense variety and
quantity of several other colonial products, such as ivory, wax,
gum copal, palm oil, coffee, etc., on which both the native collectors
and the local dealers derive a much larger profit. Moreover, the
negroes of tropical Africa are very imperfectly acquainted with or
totally ignore the superior methods and manipulations employed
in America and the East Indies. According to Welwitsch's
observations and investigations made in Angola, the trees and
shrubs from which indiarubber is collected, besides some large-
leaved species of Ficus, are several species of Pacouria, the latter
forming large climbing shrubs, 50 to 80 feet high, with stems not
rarely attaining 6 to 8 in. in diameter, when growing undisturbed
in the primaeval forest and spreading out their branches like a
verdant carpet over the tops of the larger trees. A species also
of Pleiocarpa, growing in the less dense forests of the interior,
yields a rather valuable kind of rubber, though only in small
quantity on account of the tree rarely attaining much size and
its sap not being so milky as that in Pacouria. All the species
of Pacouo'ia observed by Welwitsch produce edible fruits, those of
P.florida being the most appreciated by the natives and called by
them " Diluti," a name which they also apply to the shrub itself,
while P. oivariensis as well as the rubber extracted from it they
call " Licongue." The method which Welwitsch saw employed
in some of the highland districts by the Licongue collectors was
very rude and imperfect ; by the imperfection of the method of
extraction, not only the quantity of the product must have been
considerably reduced but also the quality of the article obtained
was much inferior to what could be collected by a more appropriate
and scientific process ; it is, therefore, not surprising that the
rubber did not fetch a sufiSciently remunerative price in the
markets on the coast to encovirage the natives and dealers to
devote themselves to the collection and marketing of this valuable
commodity.

1. PACOURIA Aubl. Hist. PI. Guian. i. p. 268, t. 105 (1775).

Ahtonia Scop. Introd. p. 198 (1777), non Br. (1809). Vahea
Lam. Encycl. Meth. tab. 169 (1797 ?). Landolphia P. Beauv. Fl.
Owar.i. p. 54, t. 34 (1806 ?) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii.p. 692.

The type of Aublet's genus is in the British Museum herbarium.

Pacouria] lxxxii. ArocYXACE.i:. 001

1. P. owariensis.

Laiulolpliia owariensis P. Beauv. Fl. Owar. i. p. 55, t. 34
<1806?); Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 214 (1884); VaJiea oivariemis F.
Muell. Extra-trop. PI. Indian ed. 1880, p. 344.

GoLUN(;o Alto. — An evergreen, arborescent shrub, climbing to a
great height, milky in all its parts with a very viscid and tenacious
whitish juice which quickly coagulates into an elastic gum c;dkd by
the Muhungo negroes " Licongue " (singular) or " Macomgue '' (plural);
trunk 3 to 6 in. thick in the primitive forests, but in secondary woods
only 2 to 3 in. ; bark of the stem, branches, and branchlets l>lack ;
branches opposite or pseudo-ternately verticillate, patent ; branchlets
not uncommonly and even the peduncles transformed into woody very
tenacious tendrils ; leaves rigidly coriaceous, penninerved, very closely
venulose between the nerves, bright green, paler beneath, glossy on
both faces, varying in shape according to the age of the plant, some-
times 8 in. long, mostly 4 to 5 in. long, pendulous on the branchlets ;
petiole amplexicaul-sheathing at the base, the sheath beset with very
small interpetiolar teeth or scales ; flowers yellowi.sh, cymulose-
paniculate, slightly fragrant, terminal, densely clustered, met with
during nearly the whole year and thus not rarely accompanied by ripe
fruits on the same shrub ; calyx rather fleshy, elongate-obovate, 5-clef t,
tomentose with a cinnamon-coloured or dusky felt ; the lobes ovate,
obtuse, ciliate-fimbriate, imbricate in festivation and at the time of the
flower with the sides imbricate ; corolla when fresh whitish-reddish,
turning soon to a cinnamon-orange colour, hypogynous, salver-shaped ;
the tube twice as long as the calyx, pale brown below, a little dilated
or thickened and cinnamon-felted about the middle, dusky-reddish
above and on the rather fleshy rigid soon reflected lobes of the limb,
smooth and naked inside but white-pilose at the throat ; stamens 5,
inserted a little below the corolla-throat ; filaments pilo.se, very short ,
anthers yellow, included, sagittate, glabrous, not appendaged, "i-celled,
dehiscing longitudinally ; ovary sessile, obovoid, unilocular, pluri-
ovulate, crowned at the apex with an elevated densely papillose ring
of deep-red crisp glandular hairs ; style central, cylindrical, straight,
glabrous, rather compressed, as high as or falling short of the stamens ;
stigma angular-capitate, greenish, thick, ovoid-conical, obtuse, some-
what bilobed ; berry like an orange in size and shape but ellipsoidal,
pseudo-bilocular, scrobiculate-tuberculate outside, with a rather hard
skin and numerous oblong-ovoid red-brownish seeds imbedded in an
acidulous-sweet pleasant edible viscid pulp of a white-yellowish colour.
In the primitive forests of Sobato Mussengue, Quilombo, Queta and
Bumba, in the mountainous parts of Alto Queta, in palm groves, etc.,
sporadic ; fl. March and April 18.')5 and Oct. 1855 ; fl. and fr. June
185G ; ripe fr. March and April 185(;. No. 6930 and Coll. C.vki'. 71G.
Seeds, July 1857 ; probably this species. Coll. Caim'. 126.

Welwitsch in his notes states that he had seen the negroes
collecting indiarubber from this species in the districts of Golungo
Alto and Cazengo, where it is by no means rare in the primeval
forests, and under favourable circumstances develops a stem of 4 to
7 in. in diameter at a height of 2 to 3 ft. above the ground, and then
divides into several thinner very elongated branches which are sub-
divided into numerous smaller opposite branchlets and climb along the
stems and longer branches of neighbouring trees, attaching themselves
by means of very tenacious spirally twisting tendrils formed of the
indurated flowered stalks after the fall of the ripe fruit. The older
branches are quite glabrous and of a blackish brown colour, though

662 Lxxxii. APOCYNACE.E. [Facouria

the younger twigs and also the fresh leaves are covered with a silky
pubescence which in the course of drying turns rusty-brown ; the
leaves are opposite and when fully grown become rather coriaceous,
oblong or elliptic-oblong, more or less acuminate at the apex, some-
what attenuate but sub-obtuse at the base, quite entire, 2A to 7 in.
long by 1 to 3 in. broad, distantly penninerved, shining and densely
reticulate on both faces ; petioles slightly pubescent, channelled, I to
-} in. long ; inflorescence terminal, much branched, many flowered,
corymbose, at first very dense ; peduncle at first very short, afterwards
elongating and reaching 2 to 3 in. long. With the exception of the
corolla, which is quite glabrous outside and at first white, but very
soon changes to a dusky red tint, the whole of the inflorescence is
covered with a ferruginous or nearly cinnamon-coloured pubescence,
which, however, gradually disappears from the fruiting peduncles so
as to be scarcely discernible on them when they ultimately become
transformed into spirally twisted tendrils. The fruit of this species,
as well as those of P. florida and P. crassifolia, is of the shape of
a middle-sized orange but rather pyriform, and when quite ripe is
covered outside with thick wrinkles and contains, under its hard
almost woody reddish-brown skin, a sweet slightly acid pulp with
numerous bean-like seeds ; the copious horny albumen of the seeds splits
into two nearly equal halves, showing in the centre the erect embryo
with its ample membranous oblong very obtuse cotyledons of the same
length as the albumen and with its short turgid nearly obtuse radicle.
Welwitsch reported that this plant is frequently met with in Sobato
de Quilombo-Quiacatubia situate on the frontier of the district of the
Dembos, and also in several of the highland districts of the interior ;
he gave its geographical range as extending from 10^ N. lat. to 10"
S. lat. in Western Africa. The natives of Golungo Alto bring at
times small quantities of the elastic gum to the markets on the coast.
See Welwitsch, Synopse Explic. p. 50, n. 134.

2. P. florida.

Landolphia florida Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 444 (1849) ;
Ficalho, PI. tjteis, p. 216 (1884). L. comorensis (Boj.) var.
florida K. Schum. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xv. p. 404.

Golungo Alto and Cazexgo. — A robust shrub, climbing to the
tops of the loftiest trees and then near Cambondo flowering in company
with a sjiecies of Qimhrctum (cf. C. paw cuhi turn Vent, and C. aiigohnac
Welw. ; herb. Nos. 4363, 4323) ; stem milky ; leaves coriaceous, rigid,
thining above, elliptical or oblong, large (6 to 7 in. long by 2 to 3 in.
broad) ; flowers terminal and axillary, corymbose, white, very fragrant,
handsome ; corolla-tube not always pilose inside above ; corolla-lobes
thinly pubescent on both faces, this pubescence in some flowers ex-
tending within the throat ; anthers oblong-linear, obtuse at the apex,
emarginate at the base, attached at the back to the filament a little
above the emargination ; style firm, strictly erect, gradually narrowed
from the broader base, scarcely filiform ; fruit baccate, oblong-ovoid,
as large as a man's fist (3j in. in vertical diameter, 2 to 2^ in. in
transverse diameter), aromatic, milky, edible, agreeably acidulous, the
skin rugose, verrucose-scrobiculate, orange-coloured when ripe ; the
milk soon coagulating into an elastic gum. At Sange ; fl. and fr.
Feb. 1855. At the margins of forests among the mountains of Alto
Queta and near Cambondo, sporadic ; fl. Dec. 1854, fr. June 1855.
At Quibolo, fl. Aug. 1856. Negro name "Matuti," " Dituti," or
" Rituti." No. 5929 and Coll. Carp. 715.

Pacouria] Lxxxii. APOCYXACEyE. GG3

The fruit of this is the most appreciated of all the species of the
genus by the natives. The geographical range is nearly the same as
that of P. uwariensis, and it occurs in nearly all the primneval forests in
the interior of Angola, where at an elevation from loUO to 2500 ft.
it is often met with ; it is a beautiful climber, with its snow-white,
jessamine-scented flowers and sweet acidulous fruit.

3. P. crassifolia.

Landolphia Felersiana (Kl.), var. crassifolia K. Sclium., I.e.,
p. 408, as to Welwitsch'.s No. cited, t. xii. fig. A.

A robust shrub, widely climbing ; branc;hes and peduncles
becoming woody when old, very tenacious, dusky, puberulous or
glabrescent ; leaves dryly coriaceous, hard, rigid, oval or oblong,
nearly rounded or obtuse at the base, obtusely cuspidate at the
apex, subglabrous except the puberulous midrib beneath, deep
green and glossy above, paler and beautifully reticulate beneath,
3 to 4^ in. long by \\ to 2i in. broad ; lateral nerves patent,
numerous, delicate ; petiole 1 to r in. long, puberulous ; flowers
\\ to 1^ in, long just before expansion, whitish, very abundant,
salver-shaped, whitish, umbellate-capitate in terminal and axillary
retroflected or nodding pedunculate often quasi-cirrhiform panicles ;
calyx sub-campanulate, tomentellous outside, ,^ in. long, with a
quinquefid limb ; the lobes sometimes unequal and distant, in
other flowers broader approximated and almost equal ; corolla-
tube straight or a little incurved, somewhat puberulous outside,
about 1 in. long or rather more, yellow at the base where it is
covered by the calyx, a little dilated and then narrowed and again
dilated about the situation of the anthere, the whole becoming
purple, shaggy inside above the stamens ; corolla-lobes obovate-
oblong, about \ in. long, on one side bearded with long ciliate
hairs, snow-white, dextrorsely contorted in aestivation (as seen
from above) ; stamens placed below the middle of the corolla-
tube ; style firm, cylindrical, glabrous ; stigma capitate-clavate,
bilobed at the apex, about on a level with the anthers, the lobes
conical ; fruit baccate, as large as a good-sized pigeon's egg,
perfectly spherical, glaucous-green outside, yellowish inside when
ripe, softening, pulpy inside ; seeds embedded in the pulp. Native
name " Rituti (or Dituti) erd ofele."

GoLUNGo Alto. — In the lower mountain forests of Queta, near
Cahunha, and in Sobato de Bumba ; fl. and fr. end of Oct. 1855.
No. 5927. Cf. C(.LL. Cakp. 194.

4. P. parvifolia.

Landolphia jJdi'vifolia K. Schum., I.e., p. 409, t. xii., fig. 0.

HuiLLA. — A much-branched, climbing shrub ; flowers white ; fruit
edible, almost spherical, quite smooth outside (not rough as in the
other species), like a small orange in shape, but greenish-purple
outside. In the rocky wooded thickets of Morro de Lopollo, at au
elevation of 5300 ft. ; fl. April 1860 ; fr. Jan. and Feb. 18i;0. The
negroes of the district call the fruit " Mahungo " ; it is also called by
the colonists " Maboca pequena." No. 5928- Shrubby, scandent ;
flowers pale yellow ; fruit spherical, 1 to 2 in. in diameter, pleasantly

■664 Lxxxii. APOCYNACE^. [Pcocouria

acidulous-sweet. Morro de LopoUo, 26 Jan. 1860. " Maboca falso."
Coll. Cakp. 98.

The name "Maboca pequena" means small Maboca, but it is not
the true Maboca, which is the local name of a species of Siri/chnos.
The flowers of this species are very like those of P. owariensis.

2. CARANDAS Adans. Fam. PI. ii. p. 171 (1763).
Arduina Miller ex L. Mant. PL (1.) p. 7 (1767) ; K. Schum. in
Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 2 p. 126 (1895). Carissa L., I.e. ;
Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 695.

1. C. edulis.

Carissa edulis Vahl, Symb. Bot. i. p. 22 (1790); Ficalho, PI.
Uteis, p. 221 (1884). C. duhis Schum. & Thonn. in Dansk.
Vidensk. Selsk. iii. p. 166 (1828). Jasramoderimnedule 0. Kuntze,
liev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 415 (1891).

SiERKA Leone.— Leaves obtuse ; fl. fallen Sept. 1853. Doubtfully
placed here ; the foliage is like that of C. Carandas (L.) which latter
is perhaps not specifically distinct. No. 5976.

CoNcio.— An evergreen shrub, with ediljle berries. At Ponta do
Padrao at the mouth of the river Zaire, N'ov. 18o7. No. 5975.

Ambiuz.— At Quizembo, Nov. 1853, after flower. No. 5974.

L(»AXD.\. — A much-branched shrub, as tall as a man, bristling with
strong very sharp spines ; flowers from whitish to rosy ; fruits black,
as large as a moderate-sized hazel nut, acidulous-sweet, very pleasant.
By thickets towards the west side of the city ; fl. Feb. and March.
No. 5972. At Maiango do Povo ; fl. Dec. 1857. No. 5973. A shrub
of 6 ft. or more, spiny, the most densely branched of all the shrubs of
this region ; flowers whitish-rosy, very fragrant ; fruit black-purple,
edible, pleasantly sweet-acidulous. On the hills of the coast from
Loanda to Cacuaco and Morro de Santa Catharina, plentiful : at
Maiango del Rei, fl. Dec. 1858. Native name " Jingongono." No. 5973/>.
A specimen grown in Alves' garden at Lisbon from seeds sent from
Loanda ; without either fl. or fr. June 1862. No. 5973c. A shrub of
5 to 7 ft. ; stems csespitose, very densely branched ; flowers whitish,
sweet ; fruit edible. Loanda ; seeds July 1860. " Jingongona." Coll.
Cakp. 717.

BuMPO. — Flowers whitish-rosy. At Bruco ; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 5971.
HuiLLA. — A much-branched shrub, with numerous stems, not un-
commonly arborescent ; flowers white-rosy, very fragrant ; fruit edible
of the size of a very large cherry. In wooded thickets about Lopollo
frequent: fl. Aug., fr. Oct. 1859. No. 5969. An arborescent shrub,
rarely a small tree of 12 ft., much branched, evergreen ; fruit red, like
a cherry in shape, several-seeded, sweet-acidulous, very pleasant. In
rather elevated wooded places near Lopollo ; fr. Dec. 1859 and Feb. 1860.
Native name " Munhiangolo." Coll. Cakp. 53.

Cape op Good Hope.— Leaves thickly coriaceous, rigid, glossy and
dusky green above, bright green without gloss beneath ; corolla-tube
yellowish : the segments of the limb obtuse, obovate-spathulate,
obtusely keeled on the back, snow-white. Cultivated in Alves' garden
at Lisbon ; fl. July and August 1862. This is labelled in the herbarium
Carissa graiidiflora, a species of Alph. DC. from Natal, figured in
Wood & Evans, Natal PI. i. t. 14 (1898), with bifurcate spmes and
large flowers, perhaps not difliering specifically from the above.
No. 5970.

Rcmvolfai] Lxxxii. APocYNACE.i:. GG;j

3. RAUVOLFIA Plum. Gen. p. 19, t. 40 (170:5), L. 8p. PL,
€dit. 1 (1753) ; UenUi. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. G97 {liauwo/fia).

\. R. caffra Sondcr in Liinuea xxiii. p. 77 (1850) [lianiroJJia).

\:iv. natalensis Stapf ms.

R. inebrians K. Schum. in Eng. Pfl. O.^t-Afr., C, p. 318 (1895)
{Rauiooljut). R. natalensis Sonder, I.e., p. 78.

PUNGO Andonok. — A notable tree, 'lb to 3.") ft. high, 12 to l.o in.
in diameter of its trunk, with the habit almost of ^Mango, milky ;
Hovvers whitish ; fruit obcordate, thick, greenish. By streams in the
priesidinm, plentiful ; H. and young fr. Jan. and Feb. 1^57 ; fr.
Dec. IH.'^O. No. 5951.

4. PLEIOCARPA Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. Li. p. 099.
1. P. Welwitschii Stapf ms. in Herb. Kew.

GoLUNOo Alto. — A tree, 10 to 18 ft. high ; trunk (1 in. in diameter
at the base, erect, as well as the branches exuding a whitish thick
resinous milk which quickly coagulates into a kind of elastic gum ;
branches patent, Hexuous, elongated, as well as the branchlets thickened
in a nodose manner at the insertion of the leaves ; nodes with 3
gibbosities or tubercles. Sometimes there are 4 tubercles in a whorl,
each of them bearing a dower-bud ; it thus appears that typically there
are 4 leaves in the whorl, one of which however is almost always
abortive. Leaves 3A to 7 in. long by 1:^ to 2| in. broad, elliptical,
ternately or quaternately verticillate or opposite, rigidly coriaceous,
shining; petioles ascending-recurved, thick, semi-cylindrical, trans-
versely rugose or rather sulcate in an annular manner, the furrows
rather deep, almost like fissures; flowering branchlets longitudinally
furrowed, verrucose ; flowers whitish, or white, turning to sulphur-
yellow, small, ^ in. long, fasciculate a few together in very abbreviated
axillary cymes ; calyx small, scariously bracteolate at the base, fleshy,
deeply 5-lobed ; the lobes imbricate in aistivation, ovate, very obtuse,
sub-fimbriateon the membranous-hyaline margin, green; corolla rather
fleshy, salver-shaped, inserted about the ovary at the bottom of the
calyx ; the tube white, slender, but little narrowed at the middle,
gradually widened into the 5-cleft deep sulphur-yellow limb ; the
segments ovate-subrotund, rather concave, sinistrorsely contorted (as
seen from above) in i^stivation, spreading at the time of full flowering,
much shorter than the tube ; stamens 5, inserted on the corolla-tube
a little below the throat, nearly included, very short; anthers ovate,
obtuse, not appendaged, free, not adhering to the stigma, 2-celled,
longitudinally dehiscing, yellow, large in proportion to the filaments ;
disk or hypogynous glands none or obsolete or consisting of a thin
viscid-shining cupuliform membrane surrounding the base of the
ovary ; ovary ovoid, deeply bisulcate, separable into two parts or lobes,
the lobes each uniloculate ; style elongated, filiform, reaching as high
as the stamens, consisting of 2 concrete styles corresponding to the
2 lobes of the ovary, easily parted, somewhat compressed; stigma
terminal, narrowly clavate or ovoid-conical, obsoletely bilobed, easily
dividing into two with the style ; fruit baccate, obovoid-clavate or
-pyriform, especially abounding in a resinous milk, fleshy, 2-lobed or
2-celled, one cell abortive, the other 1- or 2-seeded ; seeds peltate. In
shady woods or at the outskirts of the primitive forest on the left bank
of the river Cuango, rather rare ; fl. June 1S5G ; young f r. and fl.-bud
beginning of Dec. IS;").'). No. 5981.

666 Lxxxii. APOCYNACE/E. [Phiocarjxt

PuNGO Andoxgo. — A small tree of 5 to 8 ft. ; branchlets elongated ;
leaves ternate or opposite or quarternate ; juice viscid, at length elastic.
By thickets in wooded places along the stream Luxillo, sporadic;
young fr. Feb. 1857. Probably the same species, but the leaves rather
narrower. No. 4551.

The dicarpellary ovary presents some difficulty as to placing this
tree in the above genus, but the inclusion in the genus of P. bicarpellata
Stapf in Kew Bull. 1894, p. 21, helps to overcome it; moreover, the
fact that the ovary is unlobed for a considerable time and apparently
in some cases entire even in fruit suggests for it the genus Acokanthera
G. Don ; its axillary inflorescence precludes its reference to Rauvoljia,
to which in many respects it approaches.

5. DIPLORHYNCHUS Welw. ex Ficalho & Hiern. in Trans.
Linn. Soc, ser. 2, ii. p. 22 (Dec. 1881); K. Schum. in Engl. Nat.
Pflanzenfam. iv. 2, p. 142 {Diplorrhynchus) (1895).

Follicles 2 together; each obovate, sickle-shaped, falcately
diverging, beset on all sides with distant warts, rather broad at
the sessile base, shortly firmly and thickly beaked at the apex,
somewhat compressed, woody, very tenacious, bivalved in an
elastic manner, longitudinally dehiscing along the inner convex
ventricose edge, 3- or perhaps sometimes 4-seeded ; the valves
quite smooth inside ; seeds according in shape to the follicles and
parallel to its sides, compressed, extended downwards into a broad
membranous ovate-oblong obtuse wing ; raphe dorsal, prolonging
the free f unicle to the centre of one side between the seeds ;
endopleura thin, membranous, whitish, albumen sparse, fleshy,
white ; embryo obliquely reniform in the middle of the seed,
small, those of the two lateral (outer and inner) seeds being three
or four times larger; cotyledons deeply cordate, unequal, flat,
rarely with one or two inflected lobes ; radicle acutely conical,
oblique, directed towards the bile, small.

1. D. psiiopus Welw., I.e., p. 23, t. 5 ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 221
(1884) ; K. Schum, I.e., and p. 140, fig. 54. M, N.

HuiLLA. — A small, lactescent tree, sometimes a climbing shrub or in
other cases a bush standing erect with one or two scandent branches :
leaves evergreen, coriaceous, glossy ; flowers white, very fragrant. In
the more elevated, hilly places near Nene, iu company with Com-
bretaceaj ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 5982. A much-branched bush,
6 to 10 ft. high ; branches sarmentose ; leaves evergreen, glossy,
broadly ovate ; flowers white, like those of a jessamine in shape and
very sweet fragrance, corymbose at the ends of the branchlets ;
follicles short, almost half-ovate, scarcely an inch long, woody, spread
out when quite ripe into a nearly flat disk ; seeds broadly winged, not
comose. In the small forests of Humpata ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859 and
June 1860. Cor.r.. Carp. 64.

According to a note of Welwitsch, this plant occurs also in the dis-
tricts of Cazengo and Pungo Andongo, and is known by the name of
" Jasmin do Pereira de Cazengo." The following, represented by only
one specimen and consisting of a broadly obversely deltoid rugose
glabrous fruit, lA in. long, If in. broad and fin. thick, perhaps belongs
here : —

Pungo Andongo.— A tree in leaf. At Tunda Quilombo in the
prsesidium ; fr. Feb. 1857. Coll. Carp. 729.

lJiplorh)/nchus] Lxxxii. apocynace.e. 0G7

2. D. angolensis BUttner in Yerh. Bot. Bnunlenl). xxxi. p. 85
(17 Sept. 1889) (Diplorrhynchus).

Dlplorhynchus, sp. nov., Ficalho, I.e. Diplorhinchus WcJuntschii
Rolfe in Bol. Soc. Brot. xi. p. 85 (1893). D. Poyyei K. Schiun., I.e.,
p. 142 and p. 140, fig. 40, O.

Cazexgo. — A shrub, 8 to 15 ft. high, shaped like a tree and then
widely scandent with long sarmentose whipUke branches, api)arently
not hictescent ; flowers whitish. In dense thickets and at the outskirts
of forests on botli banks of the river Luinha, not uncommon ; fl. and
remains of fr. 2G Dec. 1804. No. 5968.

GoLUNGO Alto. — Usually a much-branched, many-stemmed, widely
climbing, robust, long-sarmentose, arborescent shrub, or when fully
developed a small tree with a trunk 4 to 6 in. in diameter ; flowers
white, fragrant ; stamens inserted on the middle of the dilated corolla-
tube a little below the throat ; filaments very short ; anthers triangular-
pyramidal, oonnivent at the apex, yellow ; ovary depressed-globose,
obtusely pentagonal ; style whitish ; stigma green, much broader than
the style, cupuliform, obscurely pentagonal, bearing in the middle
within the cup a red ovoid-conical stigmatoid ma«s. In the (^ueta
forests, fl. Oct. 1855 ; also at the outskirts of the dense forests among
the elevated Capopa mountains, fl. Dec. 1855. No. 5984.

Ambaca. — An arborescent shrub ; trunk short, 4 in. in diameter,
soon divided into innumerable very densely ramulose branches ; flowers
white, very fragrant, jessamine-scented ; follicles geminate, distinct
from the base, diverging, woody ; seeds broadly winged. In rather
elevated bushy places near Puri-Cacarambola, in company with Xtitlmxui
.triclioclacla O. Kuntze ; fl. and fr. Oct. 185G. No. 5983. A small tree,
scarcely 10 ft. high, usually lower ; one or two branches scandent ;
seeds broadly winged at the apex. In wooded mountainous parts of
Puri-Cacarambola ; fr. Oct. 1856. Coll. Caki'. 727.

This shrub is called by the Portuguese colonists " Jasmineira " or
•" Jasmin de Cazengo " or " Jasmineiro d' Africa."'

G. VINCA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 703.

1. V. rosea L. Syst. Nat., edit. 10, ii. p. 944 (1759).

Lochnera rosea lieichenb. Conspect. p. 134 (1828) ; Diirand &
■Schinz, Congo, i. p. 190 (189G).

Island of St. Thomas. — Plentiful and almost wild about dwellings,
but probably introduced in former times ; fl. and f r. Dec. 1 8G0. No. 5986.

7. PLTJMERIA Toui-nef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 704.

1. P. rubra L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 209 (1753).

LoAXDA. — A shrub with a thick fleshy patently and articulately
branched stem and very agreeably fragrant rose- purple iiowers centrally
placed in the terminal fascicle of the leaves. Cultivated in the Museque
Lopes on the island of Loanda ; fl. May 1854. Called by the Portuguese
colonists " Jasmin mangueira." Apparently this species. No. 5985.

8. TABERNANTHE Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn Pari.s i. p. 783
,(1889) ; K. Schum. in Engl. Nat. Pllanzenfam. iv. 2, p. 14G (1895).
Ibo(ja K. Schum., I.e.

1. T. Iboga Baill, I.e. ; Oliv. in Hook. Ic. PI. xxiv. t. 2337 (1894).
PUNGO Andongo. — An arborescent shrub 5 toG ft. high : sometimes

668 Lxxxii. APOCYNACE.E. [Tabemcinthe

a small tree 8 to 12 ft. high, rarely 15 ft., bare to the top of the slender
trunk of 5 to 6 ft., then patently branched ; branches and branchlets
dichotomoixs, compressed at the nodes ; leaves thinly coriaceous or
membranous, a little fleshy, dark green, soft and rather glossy above,
pale yellowish-green and rather shining beneath ; stipules interpetiolar,
inside with dense rows of whitish cilia ; flowers yellow ; calyx 5-cleft,
the lobes keeled, imbricate, corolline-yellowish, closely investing the
base of the corolla ; corolla somewhat salver-shaped, sulphur-coloured ;
the tube dilated below, fleshy, gradually constricted towards the throat ;
the limb 5-cleft ; the segments patent during the flowering, soon
revolute, contorted dextrorsely (as seen from above) in aestivation,
unequal-sided, the outer side undulate ; stamens inserted below the
middle of the corolla-tube (where it is dilated) ; filaments scarcely
any ; anthers subsessile, sagittate, shortly aristate at the apex, sur-
rounding the stigma in a pyramidal manner ; ovary ovoid, entire,
obsoletely bisulcate, unilocular ; placenta central, multi-ovulate ; style
firm, cylindrical, bearing at the apex the ovoid-acuminate stigma which
is situate upon a very broad membranous disk ; ripe fruit as large as a
pigeon's egg, like a lemon in its shape and golden colour. In small
vpoods, occupying the deepest cracks of the rocks of the praesidium ; fl.
Nov. 1856 ; also in the primitive thickets of Barrancosda Pedra Songue
in the praesidium, at the Cazalale', rather rare, fl. and fr. Dec. 1856,
Feb. and April 1857. No. 5950. An evergreen little tree ; flowers
yellow ; fruit consisting always of only one follicle, straight on the
peduncle, in form and colour like a small lemon. In damp forests
in the praisidium ; fl. Dec. 1856, fr. Feb. 1857. Coll. Carp. 728.

9. VOACANGA P. Thouars in Roem.Coll. Bot.p. 203, n. 32 (1809).

1. V. angolensis Stapf ms. in Herb. Kew.

V. africana Stapf in Journ. Linn. See. xxx. p. 87 (partly) (1894).

Ambaca. — A milky shrub of 5 to 7 ft. ; stems erect, rather much-
branched ; branches spreading, almost uniformly dichotomous, marked
with the scars of fallen leaves, copiously flowering ; leaves thinly
coriaceous, rather fleshy, shining, deep green ; flowers deep sulphur-
yellow, attractive. In bushy hilly places between N-gombe and Puri-
Cacarambola ; fl. middle of Oct. 1856. No. 5978.

GoLUNGO Alto. — A small tree abounding in a milky viscid juice ;
leaves sub-coriaceous, glossy above ; flowers sulphur-yellow ; follicles
(by abortion usually solitary on each peduncle, which becomes woody
compressed and two-edged as the fruit ripens), of the size of a small
apple, pale yellow, subglobose, somewhat striate, obliquely umbonate,
filled with a yellow pulp and embedded seeds, dehiscing on one side
from the base to the umbilicus. In wooded rather elevated places
near Canguerasange and Quilombo ; fl. Nov. 1854. No. 5979. An
arborescent shrub, evergreen ; flowers sulphur-yellow ; follicles as large
as a hen's egg, ovoid-claviform, many-seeded. Queta ; seeds, May 1856.
Coll. Carp. 720. A small tree of 6 to 9 ft., patently branched, in
secondary thickets usually a shrub ; stems and all parts, even the fruit,
abounding in a thick milk ; flowers sulphur-yellow ; fruit drupaceous,
as large as a walnut, usually two together ou the peduncle, unilocular ;
seeds very numerous, embedded in pulp. In shady forests among the
mountains of Quibixe, etc., plentiful ; fl. and young fr. Nov. and Dec.
1855. No. 5980. A broadly frondose tree of 15 to 20 or rarely of
25 ft., in secondary woods about 20 ft. high, or an arborescent shrub ;
flowers flaxen yellow. Queta, fr. May 1856 ; Mussengue, fr. July 1857.
Coll. Carp. 721. No notes. Coll. Carp. 956. A small tree or

Voacanga] Lxxxii. apocynace^. 669-

tree-shaped shrub. G to 9 ft. high, lactescent ; branches dichotomous,
the older ones cylindrical, the yountjer obscurely quadrangular, the
youngest ones compressed, two-edged : calyx campanulatc, herbaceous-
green, r>-cleft, loosely embracing the corolla, the tube multiglandular
at the base inside, the lobesoblong-elliptical and spreading or reflected ;
corolla hypogynous. salver-shaped, sulphur-coloured throughout, the
tube inflated, spirally twisted dextrorsely, constricted at the throat,
the lobes oblong, sinistrorsely contorted in ajstivation, afterwards
spread out, oblique ; stamens 5, inserted on the upper part of the
corolla-tube, the tips only exserted ; anthers sagittate, hard, ahnost
cartilaginous, connivent into a pyramid by their very subulate tips, the
divisions at their base diverging ; pistil surrounded by a thick hypo-
gynous ring, consisting of 2 mammiform ovaries which laterally coalesce
and from the centre of coalescence of which the stjde arises : style
simple, rather thick, gradually thickened upwards, bearing at the top
in a patelliform dilation the capituliform shortly stalked stigma ; ovules
very numerous in each ovary, attached to the suture. In the more
elevated forests of the Alto Queta mountains ; fi. May, beginning of
Oct., and Xov. 1855. No. 5931.

Cf. Baillon in Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris, i. p. 778 (1889).

2. V. Thouarsii Eoem. & Schultes, Syst. iv. p. 439 (1819).

V.obticsa'K. Sclium. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 2.
p. 149 (1895), and in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxiii. p. 22G (180G).

Ambaca. — A small tree, 12 to 18 ft. high ; trunk 4 in. in diameter :
branches patent ; branchlets dichotomous ; leaves opposite, fasciculate
towards the ends of the branchlets, lactescent as well as the branches ;
flowers large, whitish, very pleasantly fragrant ; corolla fleshy. In
moist deep valleys and along streams from N-gombe in the direction
of Puri-Cacarambola, here and there ; fl. middle of Oct. 1856. No. 5977-

10. TABERNJEMONTANA Plumier, L. ; Benth. & Hook, f.
Gen. PL ii. p. 7()G.

1. T. longiflora Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 447 (1849).
Taherna'montana sp., Welw. in Bol. Conselho Ultramar. Lisb.,

No. 7, p. 82 (Aug. 1854).

Sierra Leone. — A robust, lactescent, much-branched, very elegant
shrub ; leaves coriaceous, evergreen, glossy, pallid beneath ; flowers
whitish, very pleasantly fragrant ; fruit as large as an orange, geminate-
didymous, furrowed in the middle ; seeds numerous. In elevated
thickets near Freetown ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. No. 5987. A small
tree ; seeds, Sept. 1853. Coll. Carp. 718.

2. T. angolensis Stapf in Kew Bull. 1894, p. 23.
Aj)ocynacc((, Welw. Apontam. p. 588, n. 55 (1859).

PuNGo Andonoo. — A moderate-sized tree, up to 2G ft. high, spiny ;
head lax : leaves thickly coriaceous, glossy ; flowers large, white, salver-
shaped, very agreeably fragrant ; mericarps 2 together, as large as
an orange, spherical. On the shady sides of rocks throughout the
prassidium, plentiful : fl. and ripe as well as young fr. usually occurring
at the same time : fl. Dec. ISfiG. No. 5989." A small tree, 12 to 15 ft.
high, evergreen, with the habit of the genus ; leaves coriaceous ; flowers
large, white, fragrant ; mericarps orange-shaped, geminate. In the
forests of the prassidium ; seeds May 1857. Coli>. Carp. 731. Fruit
geminate, like an orange ; May 1857. Coll. Carp. 722. A small.

670 Lxxxii. APOCYNACE^. [TaberncBmontaua

sightly tree, with white very fragrant flowers and orange-shaped
fruits. In forests ; seeds March 1857. Coll. Cakp. 730.

Island of St. Thomas.— Inflorescence terminal or sub-terminal, in
opposite drooping or nodding cymes ; unexpanded flowers 1^ in. long.
Local name " Cata grande." Fl. Dec. 1860. Apparently this species.
No. 5988.

According to Welwitsch, I.e., the seeds are wrapped in corky mem-
branes. The plant in St. Thomas, mentioned by Henriques, Bol. Soc.
Brot. X. p. 140, as having the native name of " Catta grande," and
described by him under the name of '■'■ Orchipeda, n. sp. ? ", is quite
different from this.

The following No. is apparently an undescribed species of
Taherncemontana : —

PuNGO Andongo. — A lactescent tree with obpyramidal subcordate
fruit. In forests at the river Tangue ; fr. May 1857. No. 5952.

11. STROPHANTHUS DC; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 714.
Zygo7ierion Baill. in Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Par. i. p. 758 (1888).

1. S. Preussii Engl. & Pax in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xv. p. 369
(1892) ; Franchet in Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., ser. 3, v.
p. 279 (Nov. 1893).

GoLUNGO Alto. — A shrub, climbing far and widely, not lactescent ;
branches dusky-purple, scattered with small white warts; leaves
herbaceous, membranous, soft, opaquely green and marked with black
spots above, pallid and without spots beneath ; calyx 5-partite, the
segments unequal, the 2 outer ones broadly cordate, the 3 inner ones
lanceolate ; corolla orange-red, marked inside with 15 purple vertical
lines, one-third larger than in S. ecaudatus Rolfe, funnel-sbaped ; the
limb 5-cleft : the lobes with very long tails, 5 in. long ; throat-
appendages 10, not arched, semicircular ; throat and tube pilose-
tomentose ; stamens 5, connivent in a pyramid around the stigmatose
part of the style ; anthers sagittate, densely pilose as are also the upper
parts of the filaments ; ovary bilobed, densely and shortly pilose ;
hypogynous scales 10, approximated in pairs, pale yellowish. In
secondary woods between the river Delamboa and the Capopa spring ;
fl. end of Dec. 1855. No. 5996.

PuNGO Andongo. — An evergreen shrub, subscandent or scarcely
decumbent upon other shrubs ; corolla from deep sulphur to orange
colour ; the tails or appendages of the lobes of the limb green-yellowish ;
scales of the throat su Iphur-coloured . In elevated wooded bushy places,
in the shade of the gigantic rocks of the prjesidium at Santo Antonio ;
fl. middle of Oct. 1856 and Feb. 1857. No. 5995.

The following No. is doubtfully refei-red to *S'. Preussii : —

Pungo Andongo.— a robust, bushy shrub ; follicles nearly a foot
long. In Mata de Quilanga ; scarcely ripe fr. Dec. 1856. The seeds
are ^ to 1 in. long by \ to W in. broad, glabrous, rugose and minutely
pitted, comose at the apex with spreading silky sHghtly coloured hairs
of about 2 in. in length ; cotyledons plicate. No. 5998.

2. S. parviflorus Franchet in Journ. de Bot. vii. p. 303 (16 Aug.
1893), &^.c., p. 281, t. 11 B.

GoLUNGO Alto.— A slender, widely climbing shrub ; juice rather
viscid, watery, not milky ; branches sarmentose, very slender, long ;
branch lets opposite ; leaves membranous, opaquely green and scarcely

Strophanthus] lxxxii. apocynace.-e. 671

shining above, paler beneath, shghtly wavy on the margin ; flowers
very elegant, not clustered ; calyx 5-partite, green, spreading at the
time of the open flower ; corolla funnel-shaped : the tube and quinque-
fid limb whitish, quickly turning to a sulphur colour, with purple
streaks inside ; the segments of the limb from a broad base caudate :
the tails very long, yellowish green ; scales of the corolla-throat 10,
scarlet, erect, obtuse, approximated in pairs, with 10 purple lines pro-
ceeding from their base towards the bottom of the internally naked
corolla-tube ; stamens 5, inserted at the middle of the corolla-tube,
exserted, not reaching the level of the top of the corolla-limb ; anthers
sagittate, mucronate (the mucro and basal appendages empty), closely
connivent around the stigma and thus forming a pyramid completely
covering the apex of the style ; carpels 2, coalescent on the sides,
smooth ; style 1, cylindrical, thick, soft, white ; stigma sub-cylindrical,
pressed by the anthers ; hypogynous scales 0. At the outskirts of
primitive forests on the northern side of the Queta mountains, rare ;
fl. 2b Dec. 1855. No. 5994.

3. S. Schuchardtii Pax in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xv. p. 371 (1892);
Franchet, l.c.^ v. p. 276.

HuiLLA. — A shrub, 4 to 5 ft. high ; head hemispherical ; branchlets
crowded, verrucose with the scars of fallen leaves : leaves velvety-
pubescent, lepidote between the nerves ; calyx greenish purple ; corolla-
tube sanguineous-purple. In elevated rocky places near Lopollo, not
plentiful, fl. 1 and 2 Dec. 1859 : in rocky places between Ferrao da
Sola and Nene ; fl. April 1860. '' Gazellenjugi." No. 5992.

4. S. intermedins Pax, I.e., p. 375 ; Franchet, I.e., p. 287.
GoLUNGo Alto. — A subscandent lactescent shrub, with the habit of

Cnjptolepis trkuKjulurls N.E. Br. ; corolla-lobes purple beneath, whitish
towards the base, inside as well as the corolla-tube deep yellow, almost
orange-coloured ; follicles obtusely conical, hard-woody ; at the out-
skirts of the forest near the Capopa spring, sporadic, fl. and fr. Oct.
1854. A tree-shaped shrub, in old age scandent, called by the negi-oes
" Mosua " ; seeds with very elegant coma ; among the Alto Queta
mountains ; fr. Nov. 1854. No. 5999. A climbing shrub, called
" Bella " in Quilombo, " Mosua " in Bumba and Mussengue, and
" Fuco-hamoxi " in Alto Queta ; at Sange, without either fl. or fr.
May 1855. No. 5999^. A shrub, standing erect, 0 to 8 ft. high, with
a trunk tree-like at the base, and then divided into branched or, if
the plant grows solitary, with numerous lax branches from the base,
climbing to a great height ; flowers campanulate, handsome, from
orange to purplish in colour ; corolla-lobes with very long tails.
Among the mountains of Alto Queta ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1854 Coll.
Carp. 719. Capopa ; fr. Coll. Carp. 725.

The negroes cut tubes for their tobacco-pipes from this shrub. In
PuNGo Andongo the name Musica is applied to the long cylindrical
legumes of Cas.^m Stcbeviana DC. (Welw. herb. n. 1740).

5. S. ecaudatus Rolfe in Bol. Soc. Brot. xi. p. 85 (1893)
{ecaiulatus).

Zygonerion Welwitschii Baill. in Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Par. i.
p. 758 (1888).

PUiNGo Anuongo. — A slender twining shrub, climbing to a great
height, copiously lactescent with a yellowish resinous milk ; flowers
handsome, whitish-purplish ; follicles about a foot long, green-purplish,

43

672 Lxxxii. APOCYNACE^. \J<trofhantlm.8

at the base as thick as the middle finger, cylindrical-subulate, unisulcate
beneath, geminate at a very wide angle when not quite ripe. In low
forests between Cazella and Luxillo, sparingly"; fl. Oct. 1856. No.
5936. An evergreen, twining, resinous-milky shrub : bark verrucose ;
leaves coriaceous, deep green and rather shining above, whitish be-
neath ; corolla handsome, dilated-campanulate, white ; segments of
the limb rosy, without tails at the apex, reflected at the time of the
open flower ; ligules of the throat 10, linear-lanceolate, deep purple :
stamens inserted on the corolla-tube, included ; anthers sagittate,
aristate at the apex, pyramidately surrounding the P/^oZ/^.s-shaped
stigma in the excavation at its insertion on the style, follicles divaricate,
3 to 4^ in. long, rather obtusely subulate, obtusely angular at the base,
subcompressed-bisulcate at the apex. In wooded thickets between the
prassidium and the river Cuanza, rather rare ; fl. and young fr. 16 Nov.
1856. No. 5991.

HuiLLA. — A shrub, as tall as a man ; branches at length elongated,
climbing ; bark minutely white-tuberculate ; flowers campanulate,
whitish, rosy inside on corolla-tube and ligules ; corolla-lobes not
appendaged at the apex, but bi-ligulate about the throat inside :
follicles elongate-conical, tuberculate. In Morro de Lopollo fl. Dec.
1859. No. 5990. An evergreen, very beautiful, arborescent shrub or
small tree of 5 to 7 ft. ; branches sarmentose ; corolla whitish-rosy,
variegated with purple on the throat and ligules, the segments of the
limb scarcely caudate. In the forests of Cordicheira, Lopollo ; fr. Jan.
and May 1860. Coll. Carp. 22. Without locality or notes. Coll.
Cakp. 1117.

12. MOTANDRA Alph. DC. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 715.

1. M. guineensis Alph. DC. in DC. Prodr. viii. p. 423 (1844).

Echites f/uineensis Thonn. ex Sebum, in Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk.
iii. p. 169 (1828). E. 2y(inicidata Thonn. ex Alph. DC, I.e., non
Poir. nee Roxb.

GoLUNGO Alto. — A robust shrub, climbing far and high, more or
less lactescent ; branchlets rufous-tomentose ; leaves closely resembling
those of a beech, deep green, chartaceous-herbaceous, glossy, almost
glabrous, somewhat pilose along the midrib and at the axils of the
lateral nerves ; flowers moderately abundant ; corolla whitish, quickly
withering, salver-shaped ; the lobes of the limb spreading at the time
of the open flower, linear-lanceolate, rather obtuse ; corolla-tube naked
within, inflated at the base : stamens 5, inserted at the base of the
tube ; filaments rather thick, curved inwards ; anthers sagittate,
closely adpressed to the stigma, comose at the apex ; hypogynous
glands 5, sordid-yellow, erect, flattened, truncate at tlie apex, lamelli-
form ; style seated on the hollowed apex of the ovary ovoid-fusiform
bifid at the apex and stigmatose nearly throughout (or the style short,
with a fusiform stigma bifid at the apex) ; ovary 2-celled, the cells
with many ovules. In thickets by the Ambaca road near Ponte de
Luiz Simoes (a very milky state of the plant) ; fl. end of Oct. 1855.
Ponte de Felix Simoes ; fl. and fr. 22 Oct. 1854 ; on the highest ridges
of the forests of Alto Queta (a sparing milky state) ; fl. beginning
of Nov. 1855. No. 5964. A very lactescent and extensively scandent
shrub ; leaves opposite, smooth ; flowers paniculate, white ; near
Ponte de Felix Simoes ; fl. and fallen fr. Oct. 1854. Seeds only, per-
liaps belonging to this species. Coll. Carp. 723.

Coll. Carp. 1118, consisting of follicles about 6 in. long shortly

Motandra] Lxxxii. apocynace.'E. 673

hooked at the tip, and comose seeds, should be compared with this
species ; there are not accompanying notes.

13. ZYGODIA Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 71G.

1. Z. axillaris Benth. in Hook. Ic. PI. xii. p. 73, t. 1184 (1876).
GoLUNGo Alto. — A high-climbing shrub, with nodding branches

and branchlets and deep yellow Howers. In Mata de Trombeta. fl.
Jan. 1855 ; also among the Queta mountains, young fr. May 1856.
No. 5960. In fr. No. 5963. Quibolo, without either fl. or fr. July
185G. Apparently this or an allied species; leaves more oblong on
very short petioles. No. 5962-

2. Z. urceolata Stapf in Kew Bull. 189-1, p. 122.
G()LUN(io Alto.— In fl. No. 5961.

U. ALAFIA P. Thouar.s; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 717.

1. A. cuneata Stapf in Kew Bull. 1894, p. 122.
LoANDA.- No notes. In fl. No. 5954.

GoLUNGo Alto. — A sightly evergreen, robust, lactescent shrub,
widely climbing or, when young, usually standing erect and in that
condition flowering ; leaves thickly and dryly coriaceous, glossy, but
little paler beneath ; flowers innumerable, agreeably aromatic : corolla
deep yellow, towards the throat as well as the velvety throat pleasantly
peach-red ; the lol)es of the limb truncate in a rectangular manner, of
a whitish sulphur colour. In the dense forests of Alto Queta, rather
rare ; fl. June 1855. On the left-hand side of the Ambaca road ; fl.-bud
Dec. 1855. Also in the shady forests and in the secondary thickets of
Alto Queta and near Camilungo : fl. and fr. end of Dec. 1855. No. 5953.

2. A. caudata Stapf, I.e., jx 123.

GoLUNGo Ai.Td.— An evergreen, sparingly lactescent shrub, climbing
far and high, very multifarious in habit, resembling a jessamine ;
leaves thinly coriaceous, glossy, paler beneath ; flowers milk-white,
but little fragrant. In the dense mangue forests among the mountains
of Alto Queta : fl.-bud middle of Nov. 1855 : fl. beginning of Dec.
1856. No. 5938. A lactescent shrub, climbing to a height of 15 to
25 ft. ; leaves glossy, evergreen : flowers fragrant or but slightly so,
quickly turning brown ; calj'x campanulate-quinquefid, green, the lobes
membranous on the margin : corolla salver-shaped, milk-white (or
yellow V) ; the limb 5-clef t, the segments ovate-lanceolate, obtuse,
sinistrorsely contorted (as seen from above) : the tube but little
inflated at the base, abruptly cylindrical, ventricose in the middle,
and thence up to the limb obtusely pentagonal, rather pilose at
the throat ; stamens 5, inserted at the ventricose part of the corolla-
tube, included ; filaments very short or almost obsolete ; anthers
lanceolate- (sagittate-) subulate, pilose at the base inside, connivent in
a pyramidal manner at their empty tips, very closely adhering to the
stigma, whitish ; ovary ovoid, sessile, reaching the level of the calyx-
lobes, green, obsoletely pentagonal, apparently bilocular and many-
seeded ; styles 2, closely coalescing into one central one ; stigma
fusiform ; disk 0. In the more elevated dense Paco (mangue) forests
(compo.sed of Cori/uatithe pK/iicn/n/d Welw. herb. n. 150H, (nit( p. 437),
and on their outskirts, among the mountains of the eastern Queta ; H.
middle of Dec. 1855 and Feb. 1856. No. 5955. Queta mountains, in
primitive forests. Without either fl. or fr. Sept. 1855. No. 6692.

674 LXXXII. APOCTNACE^. [Alttfia

3. A. sarmentosa Stapf, I.e., p. 1-23.

GoLUNGO Alto. — An evergreen, lactescent shrub, with the habit of
a jessamine, climbing widely, pendulous : branches long, sarmentose,
encumbering bushes and the lower trees ; flowers whitish-rosy, very
agreeably vanilla-scented : corolla salver-shaped, white ; the throat
somewhat bearded, blood-red ; the lobes of the limb ovate-lanceolate,
rather obtuse. In the less dense thickets among the Queta mountains,
above N-dele, rather rare : fl. end of March 1856. No. 5965.

15. ONCINOTIS Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 718.

1. 0. hirta Oliv. in Hook. Ic. PI. xiii. p, 25. t, 1232 (1878).
Motcmdra Welwitschiana Baill. in Bull. tSoc. Linn. Paris, i.

p. 760 (1888).

GoLUXCiO Al r( >. — A robust arborescent shrub, climbing far and high,
copiously lactescent, distinguished by the yellowish colour of all its parts
and covered with a felt composed of branched hairs ; the milky juice
very sour ; leaves pleasantly green in the living state, at length in the
dry state turning yellow ; flowers from whitish to yellowish, almost
greenish ; corolla salver-shaped, spreading in a star at the time of the
open flower, of a pale sulphur colour ; the tube pentagonal at the base
where it is inserted outside a cyathiform disk 5-lobed at the mouth ;
lobes of the corolla-limb 5, lanceolate, rather fleshy ; the throat closed
with 5 corniculate appendages alternating with the lobas ; the tube
pilose within ; stamens 5. inserted a little above the base of the tube ;
filaments broad, very short ; anthers white, lanceolate, acuminate
at the apex, produced at the base into hyaline glands, adhering to
the style (or rather to the stigma), and so connivent ; ovary sessile
at the bottom of the disk, reaching higher than the cup of the
disk, ovoid-cylindrical, 2- (or perhaps 3- or 4-) lobed at the apex,
pilose ; style central, 1, as high as the stamens, fusiform-thickened
upwards, inflated and stigmatose above, terminating at the apex
in a subulate not stigmatose appendage ; young follicles geminate,
shaggy-tomentose with a dusky felt. Along streams from Quilombo-
Quiacatubia towards the river Zenza, young fr. Feb. 1855 ; by the dense
thickets along the base of the mountains of Quilombo-Quiacatubia, also
in Queta, Ponte de Felix Simoes, fl. Dec. 1855 ; also by the tall
secondary thickets between Ponte de Luiz Simoes and Camilungo :
fl. April and May 1855. No. 5956.

2. 0. glabrata Stapf. ms. in Herb.

Mota7idra glabrata'QsaW. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, i. p. 760 (1888).

GoLUNGO Alto. — A robust, lactescent shrub, climbing rather high
and widely ; flowering branchlets nodding ; leaves coriaceous, shining;
flowers from green to yellow : follicles conical, terminating at the
apex in a curved acumen. At the outskirts of the forest by the
Ambaca road ; fl. Feb., fr. June 1856. No. 5957.

The follicles are fusiform, spreading, 3| to 4 in. long. The following
Nos. should be compared with this species, which appears to differ
but little from the original species of the genus, 0. nitidu Benth.,
though the foliage is scarcely so thin and the inflorescence rather denser.

GoLUNGO Alto. — A high-climbing lactescent shrub, with cylindrical-
conical follicles 3 to 4 in. long : in the forests of the Queta mountains,
rather rare; fr. 8 Oct. 1855. No. 5958. By the Capopa road : without
either fl. or ft-. May 1856. No. 5959b. A robust, climbing shrub;
flowers yellow ; follicles large, conical-cylindrical, opposite, spreading

Onciv(jtis\ Lxxxir. APorvxAf e.e. 675

at a very wide angle, terminating at the apex in an incurved acumen.
In secondary woods at the banks of the river Coango ; fr. June 1856.
No. 6014. A sarmentose, apparently climbing shrub : leaves ovate-
oblong or elliptical ; flowers yellow : corolla-throat corniculate with
erect connivent scales. Behind Rodrigo's house ; seeds Oct. 1855.
Coll. Carp. 724.

Ami;aca. — An arborescent, scandent. lactescent shrub ; adult stems
blackish purple ; branches virgate ; fibre very slender : loaves thinly
coriace(jus, yellow-greenish l)eneatli : ilowers yellow. In thickets near
Izanga and Cabinda ; without either fl. or fr. Oct. IHoG. No. 5959.

16. BAISSEA Alph. DC. ; Benth. t Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 719.
Fermerion Baill. in Bull. See. Linn. Paris, i. p. 758 (1888).

1. B. angolensis Stapf in Kew Bull. 1894, p. 126, excl. var.;
Hua in Bull. 8oe. Linn. Paris, n.s., p. 10 (1898).

Goi.rNGo Alto.— A very elegant, weak, widely climbing shrub ;
branchlets usually 4 to 7 fit. long, pendulous ; flowers very crowded,
sweetly aromatic, purplish or whitish-rosy, resembling those of a
jessamine, ornamental. By thickets on slopes along the river Cuango,
rather rare, fl. March 1856 ; also in dense thickets on the right bank
of the same river near the residence of Senhor Rodrigo ; fl. beginning
of May 1855. No. 5967.

2. B. major.

B. angolensis var. major Stapf in Kew Bull. 1894, p. 126.

PuNirO Andoxco. — -A robust, lactescent shrub, occasionally arbor-
escent ; branches virgate, sarmentose, scandent, the younger ones
rufous-tomentose, leaves evergreen, coriaceous, rather shining, yellowish
green beneath, with arching veins ; flowers white, fragrant, jessamine-
like : young follicles linear, acuminate, geminate. In moist thickets
at the sides of the rocks of the praisidium ; fl. Feb. 1857. No. 5966.

3. B. Welwitschii Stapf ms. in Herb. Kew.

Perinerion Welwitschii Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, i. p. 758
(1888) ; K. Sebum, in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 2, p. 174 (1895).

GoLUNGO Alto. — A copiously lactescent shrub, climbing high and
widely ; milk somewhat blue ; branches green, tortuous, cylindrical,
very tenacious ; branches sub-opposite, slender ; calyx 5-partite ; the
segments imbricate, obtuse ; corolla salver-shaped, sordid-white ; the
tube turbinate, shorter than the lobes of the limb, slightly inflated
at the base, beset inside with an obsolete ring and 5 fascicles of hairs
directed downwards, outside shining, glabrous ; the limb 5-cleft ;
the lobes lanceolate, obtuse, whitish, rather concave, siuistror.sely a
little contorted in asstivation (as seen from above), spreading in full
flower ; throat wide, purple-striate from the mouth to the middle
of the tube ; stamens 5, inserted a little above the base of the corolla-
tube, included : filaments short, a little bearded ; anthers sagittate,
bilocular, dehiscing longitudinally, connivent in a pyramidal manner
around the stigma and closely adhering to it ; ovary sessile, sub-bilobed,
bilocular, the cells with many ovules : style central, turbinate : stigma
ovoid-conical, rather obtuse ; hypogynous disk or glands 0. At the
outskirts of primitive forests among the mountains of Alto Queta,
rather rare ; fl. Jan. 1856. No. 5932.

676 Lxxxii APOCYXACE^. [PadnjpocUum

17. PACHYPODIUM Lindl. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 722.

1. P. Lealii Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 43, t. 16 (1869).

BuMiJO. — A small tree, 10 to 18 ft. high, with a curious cactus-like
habit, 8 to IG in. in diameter at the base of its trunk, bristling on all
sides with tripartite purple spines ; trunk conical, tapering, simple
below, sparingly and patently branched towards the apex : juice
scarcely milky, watery -resinous : leaves none seen at the time of the
inflorescence escept the bracts ; flowers large, handsome, bicolorous,
fragrant, corymbose, fasciculate, occurring during nearly the whole year,
but only in summer bearing fruit : calyx 5-cleft, the lobes ovate,
imbricate : corolla-tube bearded inside below the insertion of the
stamens, naked above, inflated in the middle ; the limb 6-cleft ; the
segments rosy purple outside, white inside, unequal-sided, one side
entire, the other larger and undulate-crisp ; stamens 5, included ;
filaments short or nearly obsolete : anthers bilocular, sagittate : the
cells opposite, shorter than the produced connective, confluent at the
base, converging towards the apex and there surmounted by the
apiculate tip of the nearly flat scarcely subulate connective : style
straight, filiform : stigma thick, mitriform, perforated with 1 or 2
apertures at the truncate top ; follicles compressed-cylindrical, geminate,
about 7 in. long or less, purple : seeds divaricately comose at the apex.
In very dry rocky thickets between Quitibe de Baixo and Quitibe de
Cima, common ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859 and fl. 14 June 1860. No. 1510.

LXXXIIL ASCLEPIADE.E.
1. CRYPTOLEPIS K Br. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 740.
Ectadiopsls Benth. in Benth. <fc- Hook, f., I.e., p. 741.

1. C. microphylla Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, No. 101,
p. 84 (804) (1890).

GoLUXGO Alto. — A slender, widely climbing, lactescent shrub ;
branches and branchlets reflected patent ; epidermis thinly verrucose,
scaling off : leaves very densely beset with glandular dots, dark green
above, subglabrous and glaucous beneath ; calyx very shortly cam-
panulate, 5-dentate, tomentellous, green ; corolla somewhat salver-
shaped, whitish : the tube dilated above the base ; the lobes of the
limb 5, long, lanceolate, obtuse, spirally convolute towards the left
(as seen from above) in sestivation, at the time of the open flower
soon corrugated and crisp ; stamens 5, inserted a little above the base
of the corolla-tube, included : filaments very thinly membranous,
green ; anthers lance-shaped, wnth the rather broad connective
agglutinated to the stigma, 2-celled, the cells bordering the more or
less ovate-acuminate connective ; ovary globose, sessile, green, sub-
bilobed ; styles 2, terminating in a large peltate-hemispherical glutinous
stigma. In the shady primitive forests of Alto Queta. rare ; fl. middle
of Jan. 1 856. Xo. 5939. A scandent, milky shrub. Queta mountains ;
fl.-budFeb. No. 5940.

2. C. triangularis N. E. Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 92 (1894).
PuNGO An'Dongo. — A twining, widely-climbing shrub, abounding

in a blood-red resinous juice, with the habit of Strophaiithus inter inedhi>i
Pax ; leaves thinly and softly coriaceous, deep green without gloss
above, greenish-yellowish beneath ; flowers pale orange-yellow ; scales
of the corona 5, broadly triangular, horizontally declined, exactly
closing the corolla-throat. By thickets in the deep valleys of the
rocks of the prsesidium ; fl. middle of Nov. 1856. No. 5993.

Ctyptolepis] lxxxiit. asclepiade-e. G77

There is in the study set a unique follicle, probably young, which
is narrow, hooked at the tip, 1 in. long, and sparingly lepidote-
puberulous.

3. C. Welwitschii Sclileehter in Journ. Bot. xxxiii. p. 301 (1895).
Ectadiopsts Welwitschii Baill. /.c, p. 82 (802); K. 8chum. \n

Engl. Nat. Pllanzeufam. iv. 2, p. 219 (1895).

HiiLLA. — A shrublet, 1^ to 'Ih ft. high, with white flowers. In
thickets amongst short grass ; fl. Dec. 1859. No. 4203.

Var. luteola.

A subsarmeiitose shrublet, ,V to 1 \ ft. high, with yellowish flowers.

HuiLLA.— In thickets near Huilla ; fl. 14 Nov. 1859. No. 4205.

4. C. angolensis Welw. ms. in Herb., sp. n.

A decumbent-sarnientose or rarely twining shrub, 2 to 4 ft.
high, lactescent ; rootstock woody ; young radical shoots erect or
ascending, virgate, orange-purplish or sub-cinereous, muriculate-
puberulous, rather slender, leafy ; leaves opposite, narrowly
elliptical, narrowed towards both ends, subsessile, pointed at the
apex, softly and thinly subcoriaceous, glaucescent at least beneath,
pulverulent-puberulous along the veins and margin or subglabrous,
entire on the narrowly revolute margin, 1 to 2 by i to \ in. broad
or I'ather more ; lateral veins rather conspicuous, slender, arching
and anastomosing near the margin, reticulate ; nodes tumid ; cymes
dense, many-flowered, sessile or subsessile, in one axil each of the
terminal and upper pairs of leaves; bracteoles small, rounded,
ciliolate ; flowers about \ in, long,, subsessile or on short rather
thick pedicels, very agreeably fragrant like jessamine, blunt in
the bud ; calyx ^ in. long, deeply 5-lobed ; the segments oval,
rounded at the apex, membranous on the margin, minutely
pulverulent-puberulous, ciliolate, imbricate in eestivation ; the
short tube with 5 shorter trifid glands at the top inside alternating
with the segments; corolla \ in. long, white, not quite glabrous
outside ; the tube short ; the lobes oval, thin along the margin ;
corona-scales subulate, filiform, arising from near the top of the
corolla-tube, scarcely as long as its lobes ; stamens glabrous,
inserted below the corona-scales on the corolla-tube, distinct;
filaments compressed, rather shorter than the deltoid subulate-
tipped anthers.

Huilla.— In sandy thickets near Lopollo ; fl. Jan. 1860. No. 4204.

According to Welwitsch's ms. the plant is also met with near Pungo
Andongo. A plant, collected by Schweinfurth, 10 July 1870, No. 4050,
in Bongo-land, with narrowly lanceolate conical follicles \i to 3^ in.
long and said to be a shrub of 2 to 4 ft. with yellow flowers, perhaps
belongs to this species.

5. C. myrtifolia.

Ectadiopsis myrtifolia Baill., I.e., p. 83 (803).

Huilla. — A low, sarmentose, twining shrub, or occasionally standing
erect, lactescent, with white flowers. In thickets near Lopollo.
plentiful ; fl. No. 4206.

678 Lxxxiii. ASCLEPiADE^. [Cryjitokpis

6. C. Brazzsei Baill., I.e., p. 83 (803).

Ectadiopsis lanceolata Baill., I.e. C. Sizenaiuli Rolfe in Bol.
Soc. Brot. xi. p. 86 (1893).

PuNGO Andongo. — Flowers white. In the thickets of the prsesidium,
plentiful ; fl. Feb. 1857. A form with long slender twining stems.
No. 4197.

HuiLLA. — Flowers white. At Monino ; fl. Dec. 1859. No. 4207.

2. TACAZZEA Decaisne ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 745.
1. T. Welwitschii Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, No. 101,

p. 87 (807) (1890).

PuxGO Andongo. — An undershrub, 4 to 7 ft. high ; rootstock
thick ; stems csespitose, virgate, erect, slender, long, scarcely branched;
fibre of the liber very thin, remarkably tenacious ; flowers paniculate,
rosy purple or atropurpureous, scentless. In secondary wooded
thickets between Luxillo and Cazella, abundant ; fl. and young fr.
Jan. 1857. No. 4208- At Quilanga ; fl. Feb. 1857. Less hairy than
the type, with the aspect of T. apiculata Oliv. & Grant, but with the
inflorescence denser than in the latter. No. 4210.

HuiLJ.A. — Flowers purple. In the sandy wooded thickets of
Catumba ; fl. April 1860. No. 4209-

3. RAPHIONACME Harv.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 745.
Zaczatea Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Par., No. 101, 86 (806) (1890).

1. R. angolensis N.E. Br. in Kew Bull. 1895, p. 248.
Zaczatea angolensis Baill., I.e.

PuxGO Andongo. — A lactescent shrublet, sometimes erect, some-
times decumbent ; leaves hoary*-glaucous ; flowers violet-coloured, at
the base yellowish. On the more elevated of the gigantic rocks in the
prjesidium ; fl. Jan. 1857. No. 4201. A shrub 1 to 2 ft. high ; stem
decumbent below or even hanging down on the rocks, fleshy-woody,
nodulose, purplish, viscid as well as the sub-succulent leaves ; flowers
of a pleasant violet-purple colour. In clefts of the elevated rocks of
the prsesidium, in company with shrubby orchids and species of
Velloziacea3 (cf. Listrostachys friKjrd ntisaitmi Reichenb. f., Welw. herb,
uos. 701 and 702, and Xerajjlu/ta xquarrosa Baker, Welw. herb. no. 1355
and Coll. Carp. n. 1006) ; fl. and young fr. Feb. 1857. No. 4202.

The corona-scales are tripartite, the middle segment of each scale
being long and subulate and the lateral segments short and semi-
circular-deltoid.

2. R. Welwitschii Schlechter & Rendle in Journ. Bot. xxxiv.
p. 97 (1896).

Ambaca. — A perennial herb, with a very large depresso-hemispherical
copiously lactescent tuberous rootstock of 3 to 5 in. in diameter ; stems
flagelliform, sometimes erect, sometimes twining and climbing ; flowers
from whitish to purplish. In sandy wooded thickets between Halo
and Zamba ; fl. Oct. 1856. The tuber is figured in the notes accom-
panying the specimen. Welwitsch cultivated a plant of this for a
long time in Loanda. No. 4234. Seeds for cultivation and placenta
of a climbing, opposite-leaved plant, a follicle of which was found in
Quicombo de Halo on the night of 8 June 1857 without any other
parts of the plant ; follicle ventricose-lanceolate, not lactescent,
2 in. long, acuminate. Perhaps this species. Coll. Carp. 167. A

Rajihionacme] lxxxiii. asclepiade/E. 079

lactescent climber : at Zamba, June 1857. The follicle measures about
3 in. in length. Possibly this species. Coll. Cakp. 740. Dry stems
with follicles only seen ; journey from Pungo Andon<,'o to Ambaca at
an elevation of 3500 ft., Jnne 1857. Possibly this species. Ci>li,.
Carp. 155.

The next following No., in which the follicles measure IJ-to
1|^ in. long by ^ to i in. thick and are puberulous and the leaves
measure 2 to 3 in. long by 1| to l.V in. broad, should be compared
with this species and also with R. angolensis Benth. & Hook. f.
ex K. Schum. in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 2, p. 221 (1895) :—

PuxGci AxDoxdo. — A copiously lactescent herb; rootstock sub-
tubercular, persistent ; stems climbing, '2 to 4 or even 5 but mostly
only 2 ft. long, red ; leaves deep green above, velvety beneath ;
flowers purple. In rocky places at Pedras de Guinga, very sparingly ;
fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 4235.

3. R. globosa K. Schum. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvii. p. 118
(9 May 1893), & in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 2, p. 221 (1895).

Huii.LA. — An erect lactescent herb, afoot high ; rootstock tuberous,
perennial ; stems several, simple ; leaves opposite, lanceolate-linear,
glaucescent-green, patent or even reflected ; flowers white, congested
in a capitate manner at the apex of the stems. In secondary tliickets
near Lopollo, very rare ; fl. beginning of Dec. 1859. A unique
specimen. No. 4178.

4. R. Loandae Schlechter & Rendle ms. in. herb. Mus. Brit.

A low, sparingly lactescent herb ; rootstock somewhat woody,
persisting ; stems twining, slender, closely beset with short pallid
hairs, somewhat branched ; branches patent, leafy ; leaves
opposite, narrowly ovate elliptical or obovate, obtusely narrowed
or rounded at the apex, wedge-shaped at the base, rather thickly
herbaceous, deep green and scattered with short pallid curved
hairs above, paler and more densely clothed with similar hairs
beneath, undulate on the entii-e margin, sessile subsessile oi-
shortly quasi-petiolate, i to li in. long by i to i in. broad ;
inflorescence short, few-flowered, bracteate, about as long as the
leaves, alternate, pendulous from the upper axils of the branches ;
bracts ovate or lanceolate, ^ in. long or less ; common peduncle
and pedicels short or very short ; flowers herbaceous-green ; calyx
widely campanulate, deeply 5-cleft, beset outside with short
pallid spreading curved hairs, glabrous and shining inside, ^r in.
long ; the lobes acuminate from an ovate-oblong base ; unex-
panded corolla \ in. long or rather more, scattered with short
spreading pallid hairs outside, glabrous inside, somewhat salver -
shaped, shortly 5-cleft ; the tube marked inside with 5 longi-
tudinal ridges ; the lobes contorted in aestivation, extrorsely
induplicate at the margin, obtuse ; corona-scales purple, tripartite,
the central segment subulate, twice the length of the deltoid
lateral segments ; stamens from whitish to rosy ; style bearded
beloAv the stigma, glabrous to^vards the base. Inside the l)ase
of the calyx there are glabrous, short, truncate, approximately
placed glands or scales.

680 Lxxxiii. ASCLEPiADE.E. [Raphionacme

Loan DA. — In dry hilly spariDgly bushy places near Boa Vista, not
far from the ocean; scarcely in good fl. middle of March 1858. No. 4274-

4. CHLOROCODON Hook, f.; Benth. k Hook. f.Gen.Pl. ii. p. 745.

1. C. Whiteii Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 5898 (1871) ; K. Schiim.
in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 2, p. 215, fig. 64 {Whitei) (1895);
Feriploca latifolia K. Schum. in. Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afrik., C, p. 321,
& A, p. 94(1895). 6'A;orocorfowsp.,Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 223(1884).

GoLUNGO Alto. — Root the most aromatic of all the plants examined
by Welwitsch in the interior of Angola, turning sweet when dry,
called by the Portuguese colonists " Alcaruz " (liquoi'ice), and used
when mixed with Xile or Abutua (Tiliacora rhri/xobotri/a Welw.) as
an emollient decoction ; aroma like that of Canella ; stem climbing
far and wide, bent and twisted in various directions. In elevated
places among the Queta mountains near Sange ; in leaf, not yet in fl.
June 1855. No. 4211. A tall, cHmbing plant ; root used like
liquorice, with a peculiar aromatic sweet taste. In the dense forests
on the northern sides of the Queta mountains ; without fl. or fr. end
of May 1855. Native name " Mulondo " or " Mundondo." No. 6013.
A climbing lactescent shrub, with a sweet root. Near Lendo, Cacusa-
Sensala, Queta ; without either fl. or fr. end of Aug. 1855. No. 4217.

PuNGO Andongo. — A shrub or rather a woody undershrub, climbing
high and widely, lactescent ; fibre very fine and tenacious, silvery-
glossy ; flowers violet-purple. By rocks along streams throughout the
proesidium ; fl. Jan. 1857. Native name " Mundondo " or " Jindondo."
No. 4218. A tall, climbing shrub, affording very tenacious fibre, with
agreeably edible foliage and violet-coloured flowers. In the forests
of Pungo Andongo, not uncommon but rather rarely flowering ; fl.
Jan. 1857. No. 4219. A lactescent shrublet, elongate- scandent. In
Barrancos de Songue, without either fl. or fr. April 1857. Probably
this species. No. 4220.

Bumbo. — A lactescent, twining shrub, climbing widely and high ;
root thick, succulent, with a very agreeable aromatic scent, and sweet
taste as in Glycyrrhk((. Corolla greenish-livid outside, deep violet-
purple inside ; corona of the stamens duplex, green, the outer one
with 5 lanceolate-linear erect scales, the inner one with 10 ovate-
rounded patent appendages. In rocky places along the Bruco stream
at an elevation of a,bout 1500 ft., in dense forests climbing on Evgenia
Ixnquellends Welw. herb. no. 4395, not uncommon ; as yet sparmgly
in fi. towards end of Oct. 1859. The same plant occurs also in the
districts of Golungo Alto, Cazengo, and Pungo Andongo. No. 4221.

The determinations of the above-quoted Nos., so fur as they are
not accompanied with flowers, mvxst be received with some doubt ;
for this species in most other respects bears a remarkably close
resemblance to Tylophora consjncita, and is known in Golungo
Alto by the same native name of " Mundondo." According to
Welwitsch, Synopse Explic. p. 32, n. 79 &p. 42, n. 116, Mundondo
grows in the dense forests of nearly all the mountainous districts
from Alto Dande to Serra da Chella, and its leaves when cooked
and treated with olive oil or butter afford a savoury substitute
for spinach, and are so used both by the natives and by the
Portuguese colonists ; the more slender branches suitably
macerated furnish excellent fibre for ropes, etc. ; moreover, its

Chlorocodon] lxxxiii. asilepiade.k. 681

roots are distinguished hy -a. peculiar lasting aroma and l)y a
sweet and very agreeable taste, and when cooked ai-e employed
by the natives as a resolvent purgative in cases of cough and
other chest affections; the root tastes quite like the liijuorice of
Europe, and is called by the Portuguese colonists mountain or
wild liquorice. The fibre derived from the branches of tiiis
climber is not excelled in density elasticity or lustre by that of
linen ; and little else is used by the natives. The bark is some-
times mixed with that of Croton Muhango Muell. Arg. for the
preparation of dressings that possess gently purgative qualities
(see Ficalho, I.e., p. 251).

There is in Coll, Carp. 733 a unique follicle of a chmbing
lactescent shrub, which grew at Mussengue in Colungo Alto in
June 1856 and was called "Mundondo"; this follicle is 20^\ in.
long, slender, subterete, \ in. in diameter near the base, tapering
towards the apex, and glabrous.

5. PERIPLOCA Tournef., L.; Benth. & Hook f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 746.
1. P. nigrescens Afzel. Stirp. Gain. Med. i. p. 2 (1818).

P. Preussii K. 8chum. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvii. p. 117 (1893).
GoLUNGO Alto. — In thickets in Sobato de Mussengue, rather rare ;
a. Feb. 1856. No. 4232. Fl. No notes. No. 4225-

6. SECAMONE E. Br. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 740.

1. S. erythradenia K. Schum. in Bot. Jahrb. xvii. p. 141 (1893).
HuiLLA. — A low, sarmentose, twining, lactescent shrub ; leaves

membranous, rather soft, yellowish green beneath ; flowers white or
green-yellowish, but little fleshy, nodding ; corolla-lobes quite patent
at the time of the open flower, quickly again connivent ; stamens
attached at the bottom of the corolla ; filaments membranous, broad,
a little cohering but not coalescent, forming a tube which includes
the style ; anthers apparently dehiscing transversely ; style rather
thick; stigma flattened, surmounted with a conical bilobed appendage ;
follicles lanceolate-conical, acuminate. In bushy wooded parts of
Morro de Lopollo, on the side towards Humpata, plentiful; fl. Jan. 1860;
fr. March, April and beginning of May 1860. No. 5941.

2. S. micrandra K. Schum., I.e., p. 142.

GoLUNGO Alto.^ — -A lactescent shrub, climbing widely and to a
great height on trees ; stem twining ; flowers yelloAvish. In dense
forests in Sobato Quilombo ; fl. Feb. 1855. No. 5942.

3. S. platystigma K, Schum., I.e., p. 143.

GoLUNGo Alto. — A tall, climbing, lactescent shrub ; branches
quite patent ; bark orange-yellow. In dense forests near Cambondo
towards the river Luinha ; fl. Jan. 185'). No. 6935. A scandent,
twining, lactescent shrub, the sarmentose branches at length pendulous ;
flowers yellowish. In the primitive forests of Sobato Cabanga
Cacalunga, rather rare ; fl. Feb. 1855. No. 5936- A climbing
shrub, with yellowish flowers. Mussengue roadway ; fr. June 1856.
No. 5937. At N-delle ; fl. June 1865. No. 5943. A shrub, climbing
high and widely, abounding in a bitter milky juice ; flowers yellow,
but little fragrant. In dense forests near Cambondo ; fl. Jan. 1856.

682 Lxxxiii. ASCLEPIADE.E. [Secamoiie

No. 5944. A lactescent shrub, climbing high and widely, with
yellowish flowers. In the primitive forests of Qnilombo Quiacatubia ;
fl. Feb. 1855. No. 5945- A climbing, sparingly lactescent shrub ;
leaves evergreen, softly coriaceous, glossy, pallid beneath, pinnately
striate ; flowers rather fleshy, yellowish, but little fragrant ; calyx
green, with imbricate very obtuse segments ; corolla white-yellowish
outside, yellow inside ; stamens inserted at the bottom of the corolla ;
anthers bearded at the apex ; stigma clavate-capitate, whitish, ex-
ceeding the anthers ; hypogynous scales erect, lanceolate-linear, a
little shorter than the row of anthers. By thickets in Sobato de
Mussengue ; fl. middle of Feb. 185G. No. 6946.

Ambaca. — A tall climbing lactescent shrub, with coriaceous glossy
leaves. In bushy wooded places by streams between Izanga and
N-gombe ; without either fl. or fr. Oct. 1856. Apparently this species.
No. 5948.

PuNGO Andongo.— No notes. Fl. No. 5947.

The next following No. should be compared with this species : —

PuNGO Andongo. — A slender, widely climbing shrub, lactescent,
with whitish flower-buds. In bushy places at the outskirts of the
primitive forest in the prsesidium, apparently sporadic : only once
seen though subsequently searched for ; fl.-bud Feb. 1857. No. 1237-

7. XYSMALOBIUM R. Br.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 752.

1. X. angolense Elliot in Journ. Bot. xxviii. p. 365 (1890).
HuiLLA. — A herb ; rootstock tuberous ; stems numerous, 1 to 2 ft.

high, erect, very loosely filled with a spongy pith , pubescent ; leaves
numerous, pubescent ; calyx very pale yellow ; corolla-lobes sordid-
violet coloured outside, whitish and bearded inside ; corona of the
stamens and the stigma violet-coloured. In swampy places along
streams near Huilla, plentiful, fl. "20 Nov. 1859 ; in damp meadows
near Humpata, fr. April 1860. No. 4170. In the damp pastures of
Catumba towards Ohai ; fl. Feb. 1860. No. 4171.

2. X. decipiens N. E. Br. in Kew Bull. 1895, p. 250.
jr. Holubii Elliot, I.e., pro parte.

Huilla. — Flowers whitish-lilac. In hilly bushy and grassy places
near LopoUo, rather rare ; fl. Dec. 1859. No. 4175.

3. X. fritillarioides Rendle in Journ. Bot. xxxii. p. 162 (1894).
Huilla. — -A hei-b ; rootstock woody, perennial : stem slender, 1 J ft.

high ; leaves opposite, linear, herbaceous green ; flowers green-
yellowish, comparatively large, almost resembling those of a Fritillaria.
In thickets between Mumpulla and Humpata, apparently very rare ;
fl. Oct. 1859. No. 4179.

4. X. rhomboideum N. E. Br., I.e., p. 251.

Huilla. — Flowers sordid, coloured white-violet. In sandy pastures
amongst low bushes, near Ferrao da Sola ; fl. Jan. 1860. No. 4193.

5. X. andongense Hiern, sp. n.

An erect, robust herb ; stem about li ft. high or more,
apparently simple, pubescent somewhat sinuous and compressed
above, puberuloiis and terete below, leafy throughout, often
transversely lined at the nodes ; leaves opposite, oval or oblong,

X ijsmalohiwm] lxxxiii. asclepiade^. G83

rounded emarginate and mucronulate at the apex, cordate and
subsessile at tlie base, thinly fleshy-coriaceous, mostly nearly
glabrous, 1^ to 3 in. long by I to 1.^ in. broad ; venation delicate,
anastomosing ; petiole broad, very shoii, not decurrt-nt, often
puberulous ; umbels lateral and sessile or in a terminal axil and
pedunculate, 3- to 5-fiowered, about an inch in diameter; pedicels
and peduncle shortly pubescent, ] to i in. long ; bracts subulate,
ciliolate, about i in. long ; sepals 5, 1 in. long, lanceolate, green,
minutely glandular on the back, ciliolate ; corolla deeply 5-lobcd,
the lobes broadly oval-ovate, } in. long, minutely glandular on
both faces, apparently greenish on the back, ciliolate ; corona
inserted at the base of the staminal tube, consisting of 5 seg-
ments, each fleshy, about ^ in. long, not hooded but thick-
margined, obtusely keeled on both faces near the apex, the keel
terminating rather below the middle in a rounded tubercle, on
each side of which is a similar tubercle terminating a lateral
horizontal thickening or fold proceeding from the lateral margin ;
.•inther-appendages membranous, inserted at the apex of the
anthers just above the level of the top of the corona ; stigma
obtuse, not prominent, emarginate at the apex.

PuNGO Andongo.— No notes. In fl. No. 4189.

In general appearance this plant somewhat resembles X. rhomboideum
N. E. Br., but differs by the subsessile foliage, etc.

8. ODONTOSTELMA Hendle in Journ. Bot. xxxii. p. 161, t. 344.
K. Schumann in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 2, p. 305 (1895)

has suggested that this genus should be united with Schizoglossum.

1. 0. Welwitschii Rendle, ^.c. (1894).

HuiLLA. — Flowers greenish. In sparingly bushy pastures near
Lopollo ; fl. Dec. 1859 and Jan. 1860. No. 4172.

9. SCHIZOGLOSSUM E.Mey.; Benth.&Hook.f.Gen.Pl.ii.p.753.

1. S. fusco-purpureum Schlechter & Rendle in Journ. Bot. xxxiv.
p. 98 (1896).

HuiLLA. — A slender, lactescent herb, a foot high ; rootstock conical-
tuberous ; leaves filiform ; flowers rather small, dusky purple. In a
rather dry sandy thicket near Huilla, sparingly ; fl. Nov. 1859. No. 4177.

2. S. angolense Schlechter & Rendle, I.e.

HuiLLA. — Flowers greenish. In sparingly bushy pastures near
Lopollo, sporadic ; fl. Dec. 1859. No. 4173.

10. ASCLEPIASTournef., L.; Benth. & Hook.f.Gen.Pl.ii.p.754.
Gomphocarpus R. Br. (1809) ; Benth. & Hook, f.. I.e., ii. p, 753.

As to the necessity of combining these two considerable genera,
see Schlechter in Journ. Bot. xxxiii. p. 334 (1895), who in
Journ. Bot. xxxiv. p. 451 includes also Xi/smalobium in the
same combination.

1. A. curassavica L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 215 (1753).

Cape de Verde Islands. — A simple herb, 1| ft. high, with orange-

684 Lxxxiii. ASCLEPiADE^. [Asclepias

red flowers. By a stream on the higher parts of Monte Verde in
St. Vincent, wUd, perhaps not indigenous ; fl. Aug. 1853. No. 4181.

According to a note of Welwitsch the root is somewhat drastically-
purgative.

2. A. finna Schlecter ms. in Herb. Mus. Brit.
Schizoglossum firmum N.E. Br. in Kew Bull. 1895, p. 252.
HuiLLA. — Corolla whitish violet in colour. In the higher moist

thickets near LopoUo ; fl. Jan. 1860. Xo. 4191.

The corona has its lateral margins broadly inflected with a slight
keel along the lines of folding and another keel down the inflected
portions ; each of the inflected portions has an erect rounded terminal
lobe approximated to that of the other inflected portion ; the pollen-
masses are almost discoid and agree with those of Asclepias.

3. A, Frederici Hiern, sp. n.

A slender shrub, loosely or sparingly branched from the base
upwards, 3 to 5 ft. high or rarely taller ; branches spreading,
subterete, smooth, dusky; branciilets more or less spreading,
softly white-torn entose, leafy, fistular ; leaves opposite or the
upper ones crowded, elongate-linear, pointed at the apex, some-
what wedge-shaped towards the sessile or subsessile base, dry-fleshy,
grass-green, sparingly hairy or nearly glal)rescent above, more or
less clothed with whitish hairs beneath, revolute along the lateral
margins, 1 to 4 in. long by ^^ to 1 in. broad, nninerved or with 1 or 2
very slender nerves beneath on each side of the midrib ; flowers
greenish-yellowish ochroleucous or sulphur-coloured ; pedicels
tomentose or pilose with white hairs, slender, umbellate, 4 to 6
together, i to f in. long ; common peduncle lateral to the axils,
tomentose or pilose, about as long as the pedicels ; sepals spread-
ing or reflected, lanceolate, acute, i in. long, pale green, pilose on
the back ; corolla deeply lobed, the lobes broadly ovate, scarcely
acute, pilosulous on the back, |- in. long, spreading or reflected,
glabrous or minutely glandular in front ; andrcecium ^ in. long ;
corona-scales ^ in. long, reaching as high as the anthers, indu-
plicate, subquadrate as folded, with straight vertical inner
margins, curved along the top entire margins, keeled along the
back and base to the attachment with the staminal column, and
usually with an erect short lobule or tooth at the apex of each
or one inner side ; anther-tip appendages membranous, ovate-
deltoid, incurving ; follicles inflated, oblong-spherical, sulphur-
coloured, spotted with purple, aculeate, 1^ to 2 in. long, pilose ;
prickles weak, pilosulous, violet-purple.

PuNGo Andongo. — A lovely shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high, rarely more,
branched from the base ; leaves rather fleshy, grass-green ; flowers
sulphur- yellow ; follicles oblong- spherical, sulphur-yellow spotted with
purple, beset with weak violet-purple prickles. On the more elevated
ranges of the rocks in the pra^sidium Avhere it is a shrublet of 2 ft.
in height, in the deep valleys 4 to 5 ft : fl. and fr. end of Nov. 1856.
No. 4160. A loosely branched elegant shrub, 4 to 5 ft. high : flowers
green-yellowish. On the tops of the rocks of the praesidium. plenti-
ful ; fl. Dec. 1856 ; fr. March 1857. No. 4161. A slender shrub,
3 to 5 ft. high ; branches sparse, spreading ; leaves dryly rather

Asclepidi:] LXXXIII. ASCI.EPIADE.'K. 685

fleshy : Howers ochroleucous. In the more elevated rocky parts of
Pungo Andongo : fl. Dec. 1856 and Feb. 1857. No. 4162. On the
tops of the rocks of Pedra de Cabondo, at an elevation of 3500 ft. ;
fl. April 1857. No. 4163.

Hrii.i,A. — Flowers whitish-yellowish. In the rocky thickets of
Lopollo ; fl. Jan. 1800. No. 4166.

This plant is nearly related to A.jlar'xln N.E. Br. in KewBull. 18'.»5,
p. 255 (Oct. 1895), a species from Somali-land, but differs from it by
the scarcely acute corolla-lobes pilose on the back and by the straight
and erect rather than falcate and abruptly reflected teeth on the inner
angles of the folded corona-scales. It differs from Gomphocarpux
/omfiutoKUn Burch. by the inflated fruit.

4. A. denticulata Schlechter in Journ. Bot. xxxiii. p. 334 (1895).
LiP.oNc.o.— An undershrub, 3 to 4 ft. high, sparingly branched,

erect : leaves glaucous-green ; flowers whitish : follicles green, obovoid-
globose, in old age turning pale yellow. In swampy places about the
lake on the right l)ank of the river Lifune, near the plantations of
Senhor Freire ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1858. No. 4159. A copiously
lactescent, sparingly branched, narrow-leaved shrub of 3 to 4 ft.,
with white flowers. In damp places about the lake near Libongo ;
fr. Sept. 1858. Coll. Cai;p. 127.

Goi.T'N'fio Alto. — A perennial herb, 3 to 4 ft. high ; leaves sub-
coriaceous, succulent, glaucous-green : flowers white, as in A. fruticosd.
In marshy parts of palm-groves composed of RapJiia textiUs Welw.
(herb. no. (3671), on the right bank of the river Quiapoze ; roadway
near Menha Lula ; fl. Jan. 1855 ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1855. No. 4158.

5. A. fruticosa L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 210 (1753).
Gohiphocarpusfruticosus Ait. Hort. Kew., edit. 2, ii. p. 80 (1811).
Moss.\JiEDE8. — An erect undershrub : stems several, 4 to 5 ft. high :

flowering branches erect-speading ; leaves herbaceous, deep green :
flowers whitish. In sandy thickets a^. the banks of the rivers Bero
and Giraul, very plentiful ; fl. and fr. June to Aug. 1859. No. 4164.
Apparently an undershrub although 4 to 6 ft. high, for the stems
perish nearly to the rhizome each year : flowers whitish. In moist
bushy places at the margins of the river Bero near Cavalheiros, etc. ;
fl. and young fr. June 1860. No. 4165.

G. A. semiamplectens.

Goiiiphoairpus sendainplectens K. Schum. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb.
xvii. p. 128 (y May 1893).

Pungo Axdongo.— An erect, sparingly branched, very lactescent
herb, 2 to 'l\ ft. high, with the habit quite of a large Cerinthe ; root
napiform : branches erect-spreading ; leaves broadly ovate, cordate,
secund, adpressed to the stem, glaucous-shining : pedicels reddening ;
flowers nodding : the calyx and lobes of the corolla yellowish green ;
staminal corona yellowish ; follicles inflated, ovoid, nearly glabrous.
In a sandy wooded thicket near Cazella, plentiful but only in one
place ; fl. and fr. beginning of Jan. 1 857. No. 4188.

7. A. lineolata Schlechter, I.e., p. 33G.

Gmnphocarpus lineolatus Decaisne in Ann. Se. Nat., ser. 2, ix.
p. 326 (1838). G. hisacculatus Oliv. in Trans. Linn. See., ser. 2,
ii. p. 341 (Oct. 1887).

Cazenco.— An erect, lactescent herb. 2 to 2.', ft. high ; root

686 Lxxxiii. ASCLEPiADE^. [Asckpias

tuberous ; leaves rather rigid, glaucous ; flowers rosy-peach-coloured.
In rocky thickets on the left bank of the river Luze, sparsely ; fl.
Dec. 1854. No. 4182.

PuNGO Andongo. — A very lactescent, erect herb ; root tuberous ;
leaves rigid, glaucous ; flowers of a very pleasant violet-purplish
colour. In open thickets at the banks of the river Luxillo, behind the
bridge, abundant; fl. Jan. 1857. No. 4183. An erect stiflE lactescent
herb, sparingly or somewhat branched ; root tuberous ; flowers
whitish. On the elevated rocks of the praesidium, Pedra de Cazella,
plentiful ; fl. Jan. 1857. No. 4184. A perennial herb ; root-tubers
elongate-oblong ; stem erect, 2 ft. high ; leaves coriaceous, rough,
glaucous-green ; flowers of a very pleasant flesh-rosy colour, at length
turning rosy-purple. In rather dry thickets on the left bank of the
river Luxillo from Pungo Andongo towards the district of Cambamba,
sparingly ; fl. April 1857. Also occasionally but rarely met with in
the district of Ajibaca. No. 4185. An erect herb, 3 to 4 ft. high,
copiously lactescent in all parts ; stem petioles and peduncles softly
shaggy : flowers milk-white. In wooded pastures on the right bank
of the river Cuanza, sporadic ; fl. middle of Nov. 185G. No. 4186.
A very lactescent, glaucous-green herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, with whitish
flowers. In thickets among sparse trees between Caghuy and the
river Cuanza ; fl. end of Nov. 1856. No. 4187-

HuiLLA. — A succulent herb, 2 to 2^ ft. high, with rosy flowers. In
bushy places between Eme and Quipungo, rather rare ; fl. Jan. 1860.
No. 4192.

8. A. palustris Schlechter, I.e., p. 336.
Gomphocarjms palustris K. Sebum., I.e., p. 127.

Pungo Andongo. — An erect herb ; root with oblong tuberous
enlargements on its divisions ; flowers pale rosy. On the more
elevated bushy parts of the gigantic rocks of the praesidium, rather
rare ; fl. Dec. 1856. No. 4167.

9. A. Schumanniana.

Gomphocarpus amcenus K. Schum., I.e., p. 124.

Pungo Andongo. — A herb with a napiform root, glaucous-green
foliage, and deep violet-rosy flowers. In the more elevated thickets
of the pra3sidium, on Pedra de Cazella, sporadic ; fl. Dec. 1856 and
Jan. 1857. No. 4169.

10. A. foliosa.

Gomphocarpus foliosus K. Schum., I.e., p. 126.
HuiLLA. — Flowers of a rosy violet colour. In pastures among
sparse bushes, near Lopollo, rare ; fl. Dec. 1859. No. 4174.

The next two Nos., with alternate or scattered rather than
opposite leaves, possibly belong to a species of Asclepias : —

Pungo Andongo. — A lactescent herb ; root tuberous, large, napi-
form ; leaves alternate. In pastures near Calundo, never seen in
fl. Jan. and March 1857. No. 4236. A tuberous, lactescent herb. In
rocky pastures near Candumba at the river Cuanza, rather rare :
without fl. March 1857. No. 6742.

11. STATHMOSTELMA K. Schum. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvii.
p. 129, t. 6 (1893).

1. S. incaruatum K. Schum., I.e., p. 130.

Stathmostelma] lxxxiii. ASCLEPiADEiii:. 687

HuiLLA. — Flowers brilliantly blood-red. At the Mumpulla lake ;
fl. Oct. 1859. No. 4176.

In the study set there is :i follicle measuring rather more than .'} in.
long by 1 in. broad.

2. S. Welwitschii Britten & Rendle in Trans. Linn. Soc, .ser. 2,
iv. p. 28, in note (1894).

Asclepias Welwitschii Britten & Rendle, I.e.

PuNGO Andonco. — A very lactescent herb ; root tuberous, napiform,
hard, perennial : stem erect, branched, 2.V to 4 ft. high ; leaves green-
ish, somewhat glaucescent and fleshy ; flowers resembling those of a
Chironic, very deep orange in colour. In the more elevated sandy
thickets near Pedras de Guinga, very rare ; fl. Jan. 1857. No. 4168-
In the study set there is a specimen with a single flower from the
same locality, apparently of this species. No. 4168?>-

12. CALOTROPIS E. Br. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 754.
1. C. proceraAit. Hort. Kew., edit. 2, ii. p. 78 (1811) ; Schmidt,

Fl. Cap. Verd. p. 215 (1852); Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 222 (1894).

Asclepias procer a Ait. Hort. Kew., edit. 1, i. p. 305 (1789).

C.vPE HE Verde Islands. — A fleshy, copiously lactescent, glaucous
shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high, sparingly branched from the base ; flowers
whitish purple. In cultivated as well as in uncultivated places along
the skirts of fields, etc., near Cidade da Praia in St. Jago, where it is
called " Bombardeira " by the inhabitants; fl. and fr. Jan. 18G1.
No. 4180. A perennial plant, 4 to 8 ft. high, remarkably ornamental
in the level spaces : stem straight, branched ; leaves very large,
glaucous ; flowers rosy- white. In the island of St. Jago ; fr. beginning
of Jan. 1861. Cou.. Cakp. 21.

13. PENTARRHINUM E. Mey. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI.
ii. p. 758.

1. P. insipidum E. Mev. Comment. PI. Afr. Austr. p. 200
(1837) ; llarv. Thes. Cap. i". p. 7, t. 11 (1859).

Ambriz.— Quizembo ; fl. Nov. 1853. No. 4199.

IcoLO E Bengo. — A twining herb, with bright green thinly rather
fleshy foliage and white flowers. Near the Lagoa de Foto, tolerably
abundant ; fl. Sept. 1857. No. 4240.

LoANDA. — A lactescent, twining herb ; stems widely and intricately
climbing but scarcely more than 6 ft. high ; leaves cordate, glaucous-
green, soft ; flowers white ; follicles rarely seen, ovoid-conical, blunt.
By and in thickets near Penedo ; fl. end of April 1858 ; fr. July 1854
and July 1858. No. 4237 and Coi.i,. Carp. 7^6.

GoLUNGO Alto. — A climbing lactescent undershrub, with white
flowers. At Elinda grande in Terras de Bumba ; fl. May 1855.
No. 4238. A tender, lactescent, climbing herb ; leaves herbaceous-
green, but little glaucescent, soft, flaccid ; calyx green ; corolla also
herbaceous-green, at the time of the open flower rotately patent ;
staminal corona brilliantly white, rather fleshy ; the segments 5,
lanceolate, acuminate, involute at the apex and at the lateral margins
near the base. At the outskirts of forests along the banks of the
river Quiapose, rather rare ; fl. March 1856. No. 4239.

BuMB<t. — Flowers white. In the rocky thickets of Nene towards
Empalanca ; fl. end of March 1860. No. 4247-

44

G88 Lxxxiii. ASCLEPiADE.E. [Pentarrkiniim

The seeds much resemble those of Gi/nanchum poIyaniJmm, a plant of
a very similar habit.

U. GLOSSOSTELMA Schlechtei- in Journ. Bot. xxxiii. p. 321.

1. G. angolense Schlechter, I.e., p. 322. t. 352, B.

PuNGo An'I)on(;(\ — A strictly erect, simple, copiously lactescent
herb, 3 ft. high or rather more ; root tuberous : stem woody at the
base ; leaves rigidly coriaceous, glaucescent, the largest in the middle
of the stem, gradually smaller towards both ends especially towards
the base of the stem : flowers fleshy, green-purplish. In the Panda
forests near Mangue, very rare ; one specimen fl. Jan. 1857 No. 4190.

15. CYNANCHUM L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 7G2.

1. C. sehistoglossum Schlechter in Journ. Bot. xxxiii. p. 271
(Sept. 1895).

C. brevidensl^. E. Br. in Kew Bull. 1895, p. 257 (Oct.). C.
vagum N. E. Br., I.e.

GoLTJNGO Alto. — A widely climbing lactescent shrub ; leaves green,
scarcely glaucous but not lurid ; jietals herbaceous-green, the rest of
the organs of fructification whitish-yellowish. By thickets along the
base of the mountains of Alto Queta : fl. middle of Oct. 1855. No. 4243-
Flowers whitish, very small. At Ponte de Felix Simoes ; fl. June
1856. No. 4241. No notes. Fl. No. 5949.

HuiLLA, — A lactescent, twining herb of 3 to 4 ft. ; root tuberous ;
leaves herbaceous-green, cordate-ovate or -lanceolate ; flowers whitish-
greenish, calyx green ; corolla, etc., yellowish. In moist thickets near
Lopollo ; fl. Jan. 1860. No. 4251.

2. C. obscurum K. Schum, in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 2.
p. 253 (May 1893).

C. mossambicense Schlechter in Journ. Bot. xxxiii. p. 337 (1895),
non K. Schum. C. Wehvitschii Schlechter & Rendle in Journ.
Bot. xxxiv. p. 99 (1896).

GoLUNGO Alto. — A glaucous-green, twining, widely chmbing,
lactescent herb ; leaves rather fleshy, soon becoming flaccid, bright
green above, pallid beneath ; petals sordid violet-coloured ; folhcles
solitary, conical-pyramidal, trigonous ; one of the angles very blunt,
two of them sharp. By thickets in Sobato de Mussengue, not abundant,
in company with Tragia vulnbiUs L. var. r/emiiwi Muell. Arg. (Welw.
herb. no. 382) ; fl. and fr. end of Nov. 1855. No. 4222 and Coll.
Carp. 737. No notes. Fl. No. 4200. A suffrutescent, twining herb,
with sordid violet-coloured flowers and studded petals. In the forests
of Sobato de Mussengue : ripe fr. beginning of Aug. 1856. No. 4253
and Coll. Carp. 738. A climbing, lactescent shrublet. Quilombo
Quiacatubia ; without either fl. or fr. Feb. 1865. Apparently this
species. No. 4224- Between Quibinda and Ambaca. The unique
follicle measures rather more than 3 in. in length. Coll. Cakp. 739.

16. SARCOSTEMMA B. Br.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 763.
1. S. nudum Chr. Sm. inTuckey, Congo, p. 251 (1818) (nomen);

Webb in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 149 (1849).

A'. Daltoni Decaisne ex Webb, /.c, p. 149. t. 14 ; J. A. Schmidt,
Fl. Cap. Verd. Ins. p. 214 (1852).

Sarcostemma] iaxxiii. asclepiade,e. 689

Cape de Vekde Islands. — On the rocks of Monte Verde in the
island of St. Vincent, about 1000 ft. alt. ; and also at the coast on
St. Jago, where it is very plentiful and called by the inhabitants
" Tosta-Olho " ; fl. Sept. 1853. It hangs from the rocks and looks at
a distance like a spider's web ; it yields much milk, and on that account
is regarded as poisonous. No. 4258.

Perhaps not specitically distinct from the next species.

2. S. viminale Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 4G4 (1810).
Enphorhia riminalis L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 452 (1753).
Amuiuz. — A fleshy, jointed, leafless, glaucescent shrub, with ochro-

leucous-whitish flowers. At Quilombo in the Mossul princij)ality ; fl.
and fr. Nov. 1853. No. 4255.

LoAXDA. — A leafless, slender, glaucous-green shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high,
scandent, occasionally twining, fleshy throughout ; juice milky, thick ;
branches cylindrical, jointed ; branchlets twisted into a loose spike ;
flowers of a pale sulphur colour or whitish-ochroleucous, cymose or
umbellate and mostly lateral, readily deciduous ; follicles geminate,
lanceolate-linear, acute, smooth. In thickets about Loanda, Cacuaco,
etc., in dry places, rather rare : at Museque de Luiz Gomes ; fl. March
and April" 1854. No. 4256.

3. S. andongense Hieni, sp. n.

Sarcosiemma sp.,Welw. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. p. 154 (Feb. 1859).

A very lactescent, fleshy shrub, decumbent or rarely pendulous,
4 to 8 ft. long or more ; branches sometimes rambling, sometimes
opposite or verticillate, cylindrical, glaucescent, glabrous or nearly
so ; sessile umbels lateral and terminating the branchlets, sub-
globose, about an inch in diameter ; pedicels several together,
spreading, puberulous, i to | in. long ; flowers about \ in. in
diameter when fully expanded; sepals very small, lanceolate,
puberulous ; corolla 5 - partite, nearly glabrous, minutely
squamulose-glandular on the back, from greenish to pale sulphur
in colour ; the segments narrowly ovate or oval-oblong, obtuse,
at length spreading, about | in. long ; corona white ; the outer
whorl about |- in. high, shortly toothed ; the inner whorl of the
corona staminal, consisting of 5 triangular lobes aljout y^ in. long
arising from the androecium near the level of the apex of the
outer whorl and falling short of the tip of the .stigma ; anthers
tipped with erect lanceolate-tiiangular appendages ; stigma ovoid-
conical.

Puxco AxDoNCio. — In the more elevated rocky places in the
praesidium, almost everywhere and very plentiful, in company with
fleshy orchids (cf. ListrostucJu/s frarp-ant'tssiiHa Reichenb. f. ; Welw.
herb. nos. 701, 702) ; fl. end of Dec. 1856. No. 4257.

4. S. Welwitschii Hiern, sp. n.

Stems fleshy, glaucescent, brittle, cylindrical, glabrous or
minutely squamulose-glandular, dichotomously or trichotomously
branched, climbing far and widely, twining towards the tapering
extremities, leafless ; sessile umbels lateral and terminating the
short branchlets, several-flowered, about j in. in diameter ; pedicels
4 to I in. long, somewhat puberalous, spreading or recurving ;

690 Lxxxiii. ASCLEPiADE^. [Sarcostenima

flowers from whitish to yellowish,.about ^ in. in diameter when fully-
expanded ; sepals 5, ovate, obtuse, about t^}-^ in. long, somewhat
pubescent at the back near the base ; corolla 5 -partite, the
segments ~ in. long by |^ in. broad, oval, rounded at the apex,
glabrous or minutely glandular ; corona double ; the outer whorl
hemispherical, ^ in. in diameter, yg- in. high, with short vague
lobes or nearly entire ; the inner whoi-1 of the corona consisting
of 5 triangular lobes inserted on the androecium at about the level
of the top of the outer corona, ^/^ in. long, extending about as
high as the anther-appendages, rather exceeding the shortly
apiculate stigma ; follicles narrowly lanceolate-conical, 2f to S^ in.
long, nearly glabrous and smooth, spreading or pendulous ; seeds
compressed, ovate or oblong-ovate, i in. long, rounded at the base,
truncate at the apex where it has a silky whitish very pallid tawn}
spreading coma about an inch long.

HuiLLA. — In rocky thickets at the base of Morro de LopoUo ; fl. and
fr. Dec. 1859 and Jan. to March 1860. No. 4261.

This species should be compared with iS. hrachystigma Hook. Ic. PI.
t. 861 (1^52) = 8. Stochsh Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. p. 27 (1883),
which it resembles in the characters of the corona and stigma ; it
differs, however, in the smaller number of the rather larger flowers in
each umbel. It is probably the same species as the Sarcostenima col-
lected by G. Don at Sierra Leone and mentioned by Bentham in Hook.
Niger Fl. p. 454 (1849) as difficult to distinguish from S. brevistigma
Wight & Arn.

The next following No. perhaps belongs here : —
MossAMEDES. — Frutescent, 3 or rarely 4 to 4| ft. high, dichotomously
branched from the base, csespitose in clumps of 3 to 4 ft. in diameter ;
stems and branches cylindrical, dichotomous, jointed, covered with a
farinaceous glaucous deciduous bloom, sheathed at the nodes with a
gold-coloured band or ring ; follicles linear-lanceolate, nearly smooth,
erect or at length (after the release of the seeds and placenta) pendu-
lous, always terminal on the branches or branchlets, 5 to 5^ in. long.
On dry slopes, in other respects quite barren, of Serra de Montes
Negros, near Mossamedes, at a distance of 6 miles from the coast
towards the east, very abundant ; with dehisced fruit 10 Aug. 1859.
No. 4260.

The following should also be compared with this species, but the
fruit is shorter and thicker : —

Mossamedes.— A leafless, suberect shrub ; the numerous stems and
branches virgate, glaucescent : flowers whitish -yellowish. In rocky
places near the citadel of Mossamedes ; fr. June 1863. The spindle-
shaped follicles measure 2 to 21 in. long, i to t in. broad, f to I in. thick ;
the seeds are i in. long with a brittle coma. Coll. Carp. 732.

This is the Sarcnstem ma referred toin Journ. Linn. Soc. v. p. 185 (1861).

17. DCEMIA Br. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 764 (Doemia).

1. D. extensa Ait. Hort. Kew., edit. 2, ii. p. 76 (1811 (Dcmiia).

Cynanchum extensum Jacq. Misc. Austr. ii. p. 353 (1781).

GoLUNGO Alto. — A widely climbing herb, leaves green, paler
beneath : pedicels of a pale straw colour ; flowers white. By thickets

Bceniia] lxxxih. asclepiade^. 691

near Muria; tt. Sept. 1855 ; also at the outskirts of the forest between
Muria and Trombeta, rather sparingly ; fl. 18 Sept. 1854. Found
also near Sange. The best time for its flowering is April and May.
No. 4244- A widely climbing, twining, lactescent undershrubor herb ;
leaves cordate ; flowers white ; follicles divaricate, beset with herba-
ceous prickles. In thickets by the king's highway near Sange, by Ponte
de Luiz Simoes, plentiful ; fr. July 1857. C<»ll. Caki'. 1(j2.

MossAMEDES. — A perennial, extensively climbing, twining, copiously
lactescent, glaucous-green herb ; peduncles elongated, umbelliferous ;
jjedicels pendulous ; flowers purplish ; follicles geminate, elongated,
ovoid-lanceolate, falcate, compressed-cylindrical, gradually subulate
towards the apex, greenish, muriculate, pilose-subhispidulous in parts.
In sandy thickets at the banks of the river Bero, plentiful ; fl. and fr.
end of July 1859. No. 4246.

This is the Asclepiad mentioned and shortly described by Welwitsch,
Apontam. p. 590. n. 90 (1859).

18. GYMNEMA Br. ; Bentb. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 7G9.

1. G. geminatum Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 462 (1810).

Feriploca sylvestris Retz, Obs. Bot. ii. p. 15 (1781) G. sylvestre
Schultes, Syst. Veg. vi. p. 57 (1820).

PuNGo An'dongo. — A shrublet, spread on the ground or twining and
climbing after the manner of species of Sarcotifemma, with one of which
it was in company. On lofty ledges of the gigantic rocks of the
praesidium, Pedra Songue ; fl. Feb. 1857. No. 4198.

HuiLLA. — A climbing or sarmentose shrub, with tortuous branches
and whitish-yellowish flowers. In thinly wooded parts of Morro de
Lopollo, at Ferrao da Sola ; fl. Dec. 1859 and Feb. 1860, fr. April 1860.
No. 4242.

19. TYLOPHORA Br. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 770.

1. T. sylvatica Decaisne in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 2, ix. 273 (1838).
Vincetoxicum sylvaticum O. Kuntze,Ilev. Gen. PI. ii.p. 425 (1891).

GoLUNGO Alto. — A very lactescent herb, with atropurpureonsflowers.
At the outskirts of palm groves near Sanches, sparingly ; fl. Feb. 1855.
No. 4230. In thickets in the Sange country ; fl. and fr. No. 4231.

2. T. conspicua N.E. Br. in Kew Bull. 1895, p. 258.
GoLUNfiO Alto. — A slender, widely climbing, lactescent shrub; stems

virgate-sarmentose, very tenacious, affording a fibre well adapted for
making ropes ; flowers purple. In the primitive foi'ests of Sobato
Mussengue and at Sange ; fl. Oct. 1856. Branchlets patent. No. 4212.
A twining, lactescent, suffruticose herb, with sordid atropurpureous
flowers. By thickets in Sobato Bumba, near Sange, rather rare ; fl.
March 1855. No. 4214. A shrub, climbing high and widely; root
officinal ; leaves edible, membranous, deciduous ; juice watery-viscid ;
follicles greenish, smooth, angular-cylindrical, 2 to 2^ in. long, about
h in. in diameter, a little tapering towards the apex, more plainly
angular at the apex, very blunt : all the angles obtuse. In damp
forests at the banks of the river Delamboa, in company with KigcUa
pinnata DC. (Welw. herb. no. 489), very rarely flowering ; young fr. and
a few fl. April 1856. The seeds were, unfortunately, not examined by
Welwitsch; the fruits were hung up to dry and were eaten by monkeys :
a fruit in the herbarium measures 4 in. long. No. 4215- Seeds of the
climbing shrub called '" Mundondo," together with the placenta. In

692 Lxxxiii. ASCLEPiADE^. [Tylophova

primaeval forests in Sobato de Mussengue, among the Queta mountains ;
fr. June 1856. No. 4213. A slender shrub, lactescent, climbing high ;
root sweetly aromatic ; leaves edible like spinach, pleasant, deciduous
at least sometimes. In Mussengue and at Menha Lula ; fr. Aug. and
Sept. 1857. " Mundondo " (perhaps a variety of it). Coll. Carp. 1^)8.
No notes. In fl. No. 4216. In forests by the Delamboa ; fr. 1856.
Coll. Carp. 7c.

This is probably the Asclepiadea mentioned in Welw. Apontam. p. 590,
n. 89.

The following two Nos,, each without either fl. or fr., perhaps
belong to Tylophora : —

GoLUNGO Alto. — A shrub ; stem very tenacious, always green
throughout its whole length, twining, used by the negroes for ropes,
copiously juicy, not milky ; petioles deeply channelled. In the dense
forests of the Queta mountains, never seen to flower ; cultivated at
Loanda, April 1858, but not then in fl. The juice is suspected by the
negroes, and not without reason, for although watery at first it quickly
becomes gummy and very viscid, and on contact with the human skin
it dries white and gives off a rather strong ammoniacal odour. No. 4278.

GoLUNGO Alto.— A widely climbing shrub. In the forests of
Sobato de Mussengue ; May 1856. No. 5997.

20. SPH^ROCODON Benth.in Benth. & Hook.f.Gen. PI. ii. p. 772.
1. S. obtusifolium Benth. in Hook. Ic. PI. xii. p. 78. t. 1190 (1876)
Gongronema Wehvitschii K. Schiim. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvii.

p. 145 (9 May 1893).

PuNGO Andongo.— In fl. Dec. 1896. No. 4196. A herb with a

woody rootstock, numerous sub-simple ascending almost twining stems,

and atropurpureous flowers. In thickets at the river Luxillo near the

bridge ; fl. Feb. 1857. No. 4195.

21. MARSDENIA Br. ; Benth. ct Hook, f . Gen. PI. ii. p. 772.

1. M. angolensis N. E. Br. in Kew Bull. 1895, p. 258.
PuNGo Andongo. — A herb, climbing extensively on Vernonia senerjal-

ensis Less., with yellowish flowers. In the Cambondo thickets in the
prsesidium, rather rare ; fl. March 1 857. No. 4245.

HuiLLA. — A twining undershrub, woody at the base ; stems terete,
thickened at the nodes ; the leaves peduncles pedicels and also the
calyx softly pilose ; corolla campanulate, rather fleshy, pale yellow-
greenish, the limb quite patent at the time of the open flower. In
secondary woods to the west of Lopollo, at an elevation of 5200 ft.;
fl. Jan. 1860. No. 4250.

The following No. should be compared with this species : —
PuNGO Andoxgo. — An ascending, lactescent undershrub. In rather

poor dense elevated thickets in Sobato de Quilombo Quiacatubia,

rather rare ; fr. middle of July 1856. No. 4254.

2. M. racemosa K. Schum. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvii. p. 147.
Gongronema latifolium Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 456 (1849).
GoLUNGO Alto. — A shrub, climbing high and widely, with a soft

pliant lactescent stem, glaucescent foliage, and yellowish-white flowers.
In the forests of the higher Queta mountains, sporadic ; scarcely in
good fl. Oct. 1855. No. 4228.

Marsdenia] Lxxxiii. ascleptade.e. 693

The following No. possiljly belon<fs hero, but the leaves are
more cordiform nearly glabre.scent and range up to 4 in. long by
3 in. broad ; the follicles are nearly 3 in. long by ^ in. l)road.

GoLUxao Ai.To. — At the residency, Sange ; ia fr. No. 4229.

The following No. has the habit of J/, crinita Oliv. in Hook.
Ic. Pi. XX. t. 1993 (Aug. 1891), a species fi'om the Niger country ;
the leaves of our plant are rather larger and more deeply cordate
at the base : —

GoLuxCrO Alto. — A softly shaggy, widely climbing herb, with
herbaceous bright green long-ciliate leaves. In the elevated forests
among the Queta mountains : without either ti. or fr. beginning of
April 185(3. No. 6201.

22. FOCKEA Endl. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Cen. PI. ii. p. 773.

1. F. multiflora K. Schum. in. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvii. p. 145
(9 May 1893).

F. Sckinzii N.E. Br. in Kew Bull. 1895, p. 259 (Oct. 1895).

Bi'MBO.^ — A large shrub, with yellow-greenish flowers and lanceolate-
subulate follicles 4 in. long or more. In Matas de Unteate (the
forests composed of Copailm Jfojjane O. Kuntze: Welw. herb. no. 605),
between Bumbo and Bruco ; fl. and fr. at the same time on the same
individual shrubs but without leaves, Oct. 1850. No. 4194.

The following should be compared with this species ; the seeds
are glabrous : —

BrMi'.d. — An arborescent shrub, climbing far and high, almost
leafless : trunk 1 to 3h ft. in diameter at the base ; flowers greenish.
In the Unteate forests between Bumbo and Bruco, but only in a few
spots ; ripe fr. (bh in. long) and fl. Oct. 1859. " Veueno de Leiio "
(lion-poison). Coll. Carp. 6.

23. DREGEA E. Mey. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 775 ;
lion Eckl. & Zeyh.

1. D. rubieunda K. 8chum. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvii. p. 147
(9 May 1893), and in Engl. Pfl. 0.st-Afr., 0., p. 326, t. 39. lig.
A— H. (2 Aug. 1895).

LiBOXGO. — A slender, sarmentose, lactescent, high climbing, patently
branched shrub ; leaves membranous, bright green above, paler
i)eneath, turning more or less yellowish in course of drying ; flowers
from greenish to whitish ; calyx hoary-tomentose ; corolla from
greenish to yellowish outside, whitish inside. In the denser forests at
the banks of the river Lifune near Banza de Libongo, at Arimo do
8enhor Freire, not plentiful ; fl. Sept. 1858. No. 4227.

C.\ZENGo. — A tall climbing, twining, lactescent uudershrub, with
ofreenish-yellowish rather fleshy leaves and flowers. In the dense
forests of Muxaulo, rather rare ; fl. Dec. 1854. No. 4226.

Bimbo. — A shrub, climbing to a great height (up to lOl) ft.) and at
length widely spread over the surface of the crown of trees and there
flowering. In Serra da Chella ; fl. Oct. 185;». No. 4248-

HuiLL.v. — Near the Banza ; in young fr. 5 April 18G0. Perhaps
this species. No. 4249.

694 Lxxxiii. ASCLEPiADE^. [Breg€c6

The following No. should be compared with this species, but it
differs by larger foliage, etc. : —

LiBONGcj. — A twining, widely climbing, lactescent shrub, with the
habit somewhat of Mundondo {Chlorocodon Whiteii Hook. f.). In
dense forests on the left bank of the river Lifune ; without either fl.
or fr. end of Sept. 1858. No. 4233.

24. ORTHANTHERA Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind. (ii.) p. 48
(1833 ?); K. Schum. in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 2. p. 265 (1895).

Barrowia Decaisne (1844) ; Benth. & Hook, f . Gen. PI. ii. p. 779.

1. 0. stricta Hiern, sp. n.

A glaucous-pruinose, obsoletely tomentellous or glabrate,
leafless shrub, 3 ft. high, of a very sad grey aspect, much branched
from the base ; branches slender, terete, opposite or alternate,
sub-decumbent or oblique, indicating by their position the
direction of the prevailing winds ; flowers clustered several (5 to 7)
together, lateral on the branchlets or at or opposite the base of
the branchlets, about 4 in. long in the bud, tomentellous outside,
of a sordid-greenish colour ; calyx about y\f to ^ in. long, 5- or
6-cleft, the lobes ti'iangular or lanceolate ; corolla-tube inflated at
the base, somewhat constricted about or above the middle, |^ to ^
in. long ; the lobes of the limb 5 or very rarely 4, lanceolate, J^
to ^ in. long, valvate in festivation ; follicles solitary or rarely so,
2 to 3|^ in. long, f to | in. bi-oad, tapering at each end, glabrate,
striate longitudinally ; body of the seeds about \ in. long.

M()SSAMP:r)ES. — In rocky maritime situations near Mossamedes, to
the south of the town ; fl. and fr. end of June 1859. No. 4259.

This should be compared with 0. alhicUi Schinz in Verb. Bot.
Brandenb. xxx. p. 265 (Oct. 1888), but it appears distinct.

25. CEROPEGIA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 779.
1. C. tentaculata N. E. Br. in Kew Bull. 1895, p. 261.
LoANiJA. — A succulent herb, lactescent, twining, springing from a

depressed-hemispherical bun-shaped fleshy-compact tuber of 1^ to 5 in.
in transverse diameter, whitish both inside and out ; the older tubers
plunged deep in the ground, 6 inches in diameter, \h to 2 in. deep,
very juicy but insipid ; stem elongated, cylindrical, 2 to 10 ft. long,
branched, below densely leafy ; the leaves gradually decreasing in
size towards the apex of the flowering stem, opposite, cordate-ovate
lanceolate- or oblong-linear or almost linear, very thickly fleshy, very
rigid, brittle, herbaceous-green, more or less repand and undulate on
the margin, rather obtuse or acuminate at the apex, shortly mucronate,
mostly secund ; flowers subracemose-clustered on the abortive axillary
branchlets ; calyx green ; corolla-tube somewhat curved, dilated and
rosy-purple at the base, yellowish above ; the lobes of the limb green
or yellowish-brown, ciliolate, spreading in a star, gradually attenuate
into very long shiny capillary-filiform whitish more or less twisted
extremities, not cohering at the apex ; staminal corona white-yellowish,
10-cleft ; the outer segments shell-shaped and concave, spreading ;
the inner ones linear-spathulate, erect, connivent at the apex ; all
thinly fleshy and green ; stigma flatly pentagonal, greenish ; follicles
geminate, 4 in. long, slender, flesh-coloured, striate, cylindrical-

Ceropegia] Lxxxiii. asclepiaue.-k. 695

subulate, incurved at the apex. In hilly sandy bushy places near
Loanda in winter, fl. from June to Aug. 1854 and ] 858 ; in dry hilly
places abounding in aloes, near Maianga do Povo, about 100 ft. from
the ocean, very rare ; without fl. Jan. 1858, fr. 1 March IRfiS ; in
similar situations near Alto das Cruzes, very rare, fl. and young fr.
end of Feb. 1858. No. 4277-

Var. puberula. Stem and leaves more or les.s puberulous.

HuiLLA. — Flowers sordidly violet-greenish. In sandy thickets near
Lopollo, tolerably plentiful; fl. Dec. 1859 No. 4269- A climbing,
succulent herb, with a tuberous root and the habit of the genus. In
rocky elevated thickets in Morro de Lopollo, rare ; fl. March 1860.
A unique specimen. No. 4268-

2. C. ang-usta N.E. Br., I.e.

PuNGO Andongo. — A suffruticose herb ; root formed of tuberous-
thickened fasciculate fibres ; stem intricately twining, purplish ;
flowers variegated. By streams at Pedrade Cazella in the piaisidium ;
fl. Jan. 1857. No. 4275. A very slender undershrub, widely but not
high climbing, twining, lactescent ; root-tubers fasciculate : stem 4 to
8 ft. long or more. In elevated bushy rocky places by the streams of
Pedra de Cazella ; fl. April 1857. No. 4276.

3. C. leucotsenia K. Schum. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvii. p. 151.
GoLUNGO Alto.— A slender, rather limp, twining herb, pilo.se or

pubescent almost throughout; juice watery, not milky : root tuberous,
depressedly hemispherical ; leaves softly membranous, green and
without any sheen above, much paler beneath ; calyx deeply 5-cleft ;
the segments narrowly linear, densely pilose, whitish-greenish ; corolla
tubular-funnel-shaped : the lobes of the limb free at the base and in
the middle, ventrico.sely ascending, cohering at the apex, together
forming a loopholed cavity ; the ground-colour of the corolla pale
sulphur outside, deeper sulphur inside, the tube inside at the base
about the essential organs coloured with two purple rings and a little
below the throat with another purplish ring and at the same time per-
vaded with very fine black longitudinal lines ; the lobes of the limb
fine, black-striate inside at the middle, quite black at the margin and
apex or with a broad black margin ; staminal corona apparently
10-cleft, with 5-erect, club-shaped, black-shining lobes ; stigma nearly
flat, pentagonal ; follicles geminate, cylindrical-subulate, mammellate-
dilated at the apex, obtuse, smooth. At the outskirts of elevated
forests among the Queta mountains, near Carengue, very rare ; fl. and
young fr. beginning of May 1856. The young follicles in the study
.set are fusiform and the longer one is 3^ in. long. No. 4270- Root
tuberous, the tuber hemispherical. Queta mountains ; without fl.
Apparently this species. No. 4223.

PuN(;() Andongo. — In a marshy thicket near Quibanga, very rare ;
fl. Jan. 1857. Only one specimen. No. 4271.

4. C. volubiHs N. E. Br., I.e.

GoLUNGO Alto.— A lactescent, twining, more or less glaucous herb,
shaggy throughout, the pedicels with spreading hairs ; root fibrous ;
corolla yellowish at very bottom, in the top part and on the tube
outside marked with dusky spots, the ground-colour being whitish
yellow, the apex of the lobes ashy outside, velvety-purple and beset
with long purple rather rigid hairs inside, cohering at the very tip ;
corolla-tube pervaded with longitudinal atropurpureous lines inside ;

G96 Lxxxiii. ASCLEPiADEiE. [Ccropegia

the throat and lobes marked with dusky-purple reticulations inside
except the apex of the lobes. By the lower thickets at the river
Coango in the Queta mountains, near Sange, behind Senhor Rodrigo's
house ; very rare : fl. March 1856. No. 4272. On bushy slopes on
the right bank of the river Coango. behind Rodrigo's house ; without
either fl. or fr. May 1856. No. 4272/>.

5. C. scandens N. E. Br., I.e., p. 262.

GoLUNOo Alto. — A twining herb; juice watery; leaves rather
fleshy and limp, deep green and without sheen above, paler beneath ;
corolla pale sulphur in colour outside, punctate with blood-red specks :
the lobes of the limb elongate-ovate, cohering at the apex, beset inside
at the tip with rather long white hairs, marked at the medium with
a large atropurpureous spot ; staminal corona 5-lobed ; the lobes
ligulate, yellow, incurved at the apex ; anthers simple at the apex.
In the lower sparse thickets by hills on the right bank of the river
Coango, near Sange, rather rare and solitary ; fl. 2 Dec. 1855.
No. 4273. A suffruticose, sparingly lactescent herb, with long
sarmentose branches ; root fibrillose, not tuberous ; flowers variegated
with ashy and violet colours, lantern-shaped. On iDushy slopes on the
right bank of the river Coango, very rare ; fl. Jan. 1856. No. 4273i.

6. C. pumila N. E. Br. in Kew Bull. 1898, p. 693 (Nov.).

A herb, apparently climbing ; juice watery, not milky ; root
tuberous ; the tuber sordidly whitish, depressedly hemispherical,
somewhat rugulose, circular in horizontal figure, flattened or
slightly convex at top and bottom, giving off from the latter
descending fibres, 1 to 2 in. in diameter, fleshy, white inside ;
stems several, 2 or 3 from one tuber, pale green, sparingly clothed
hei'e and there with short wdiitish hairs ; leaves opposite, lanceo-
late, setulo^e-ciliate on the margin with rather rigid spreading
whitish cilia, glaxicous-green or obscurely hoary-green above,
pale glaucescent lepidote-rugulose, rather shining, and somewhat
whitish beneath, rather fleshy, ranging up to 2 in. long by y^^ in.
broad ; petiole short, semi-amplexicaul, canaliculate ; peduncles
axillary ^ in. long deflexed with subcorymbose short pedicels curved
upwards at the middle, or extra-axillary short clustered 2 to 4
together one- flowered bracteate ; flowers lurid-dusky outside,
velvety-atropurpureous inside ; calyx deeply 5-cleft, with ovate-
lanceolate rather fleshy-tumid lobes, many times shorter than the
corolla ; corolla tubular ; the tube scattered outside with whitish
hairs, obscurely purple-velvety inside, ventricose at the base,
constricted and curved upwards in the middle ; the mouth wide,
5-cleft, with narrow linear acuminate ciliate erect-spreading
lobes; staminal corona truncate-campanulate, the outer 5-lobed,
the lobes very obtuse, the whole atropui^pureous ; genitalia in-
cluded, nestling in the basal ventricose part of the corolla,
quasi-cyathifoi'm, yellovnsh.

HuiLLA. — In a rocky bushy spot near Lopollo, at an elevation of
about 5200 ft. ; fl. April 1860. No. 4267.

The same plant was cultivated at Lisbon in the garden of Wel-
witsch's friend, Dom Lucena, in Sept. 1863, when another flowering
stem was produced, 4 to 6 in. high, weakly erect, with corymbose flowers.

Caralhcma] Lxxxiir. asclepiade/E. 697

26. CARALLUMA 11. Br. ; Benth. & Hook, f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 782.
Boucerosia Wight k Avn. ; Benth. k Hook, f., I.e. Quaqua

N.E. Br. inOard. Chron. 1879. ii. p. 8, c. tig. 1, p. 9 (5 July 1879).

1. C. huillensis lliern, sp. n.

A iiesliy, hroadly c:i>spitose, leafless herb, softly but obsoletely
pubescent, with the habit of Boitcerosia mmbellata Wight & Arn.
(Wight, Ic. t. 495) ; stem prostrate, rooting, branched from the
base, branches sub-tetragonal, ascending, 2 to 3 in. long, thick,
succulent., club-shaped, the angles on the upper part armed with
broad thick teeth which terminate in cartilaginous rather blunt
straight or slightly decurved tips ; flowers clustered at and near
the ape.x of branches, sub-umbellate, G to 10 together ; peduncles
rather thick, succulent, glabrous, longitudinally ribbed, f; to 1 in.
long, bracteate at the base ; bracts lanceolate-subulate, glabrous,
about ^ in. long; calyx 5-partite, with lanceolate-subulate
glabrous segments rather more than |- inch long ; corolla dusky
red, slightly herbaceous, deeply 5-lobed, 1^ to 2 in. long ; the
lobes lanceolate-linear, (in their dry state) 1] to 1^ in. long, 3- to
5-nerved, thinly or obsoletely pubescent on the back, nearly
glabrous and rugulose on the front, somewhat spreading ; the
tube about i in. long, sub-hemispherical ; staminal corona in two
whorls, glabrous, the outer one having 5 pallid short very obtuse
excise revolute lobes, the inner one of 5 longer dusky stout-
subulate suberect ligules about ^ in. long.

HuiLLA.— In fl. Dec. 1859. Xo. 4266.

This is allied to C. lutea N. E. Br., a plant of extra-tropical South
Africa, and crossing into the tropics in the Transvaal ; it is, however,
distinguished from the latter by the characters of the corona, the
colour of the flower, etc.

27. HOODIA Sweet; Benth. k Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 783.
1. H. parviflora N, E. Br. in Kew Bull. 1895, p. 265.

MossAMEDES. — A fleshy, cactus-like shrub ; stems numerous, cfespi-
tose, mostly strictly erect, many-angled, whitish-chestnut or rosy in
colour, 2 to 5 ft. high, flowering in an umbellate manner at the apex :
angles spiny ; spines chestnut-rosy ; flowers chestnut-dusky in colour,
scentless, campanulate-rotate ; follicles semi-cylindrical-conical, flat on
the face, approximated. In elevated rocks composed of mica-schist,
about 1500 ft. alt., near Pomangala, and in dry places in front of
Quitibe de Baixo, fl. Oct. 1859 ; also at Cavalheiros, fl. 23 Aug. 185i>.
No. 4265. Stem like a 6W'e«s- in shape, 13- to 15-angled, cajspitose,
4 to 7 ft. high. In rocky places above Pomangala ; fr. Oct. 1859.
Eaten and considered delicious by the negroes. Cou,. Carp. 35.

According to a ms. note of Welwitsch, this plant occurs also in
Huilla.

28. TAVARESIA Welw. in Bol. Cons. Ultramar. Lisb. 1851,
No. 7, p. 79, n. 4 (August 1854).

Decabelone Decaisne (1871); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 784.

1. T. angolensis Welw., I.e.

Decahcloiu'. eleyans Decaisne in Ann. 8c. Nat., ser. 5, xiii. p. 404,

698 Lxxxiii. ASCLEPiADE^. [Tavai-esici

t. 2 (1871) ; Bot. Mag. t. 6115 (1874). Stapelia (Heicrnia) Welw.
in Proceed. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 328 (7 Nov. 1854).

Loan DA. — Stem low, creeping horizontally, widely c^spitose, 2 to
4 in. high ; branches ascending or nearly erect, hexagonal : the angles
sharp, tuberculate ; the tubercles in dense rows, pyramidal at the
base, tricuspidate ; the 3 teeth or prickles horizontally spreading and
callous ; peduncles lateral, 1- to 2-flowered, corolla with a long tube
and campanulate mouth ; fruit cylindrical-subulate, 4 to o| in. long.
In barren gravelly places above the city, very rare, fr. end of Oct. 1853 ;
in poor pastures near Alto das Cruzes and Forte de Penedo, Dec. 1857 ;
in gravelly maritime places near Loanda, fl. Dec. 1853 and Feb. 1854.
No. 4262. Follicles geminate. Loanda, May. Coll. Carp. 734.

29. HUERNIA Pv. Br. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 784.

Heurnia Spreng. Anleit. ii. 1. p. 488 (1817) ; K. Schum. iu
Eng. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 2, p. 280, fig. 84 F. (1895).

There appears to be no doubt that Brown was mistaken as to the
spelling of the surname of the missionary, Justin Heurnius : see
Hermann in Hort. Lugd.-Bat. Cat. p. 54 (1687) and L. Diss. PI. Rar.
Afr. p. 3 (Dec. 1760).

1. H. similis N. E. Br. in Kew Bull. 1895, p. 265.

Heurnia sp., Welw. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. p. 154 (Feb. 1859).

PUNGO Andongo. — A low, succulent, csespitose, persistent herb ;
stems decumbent or ascending, sparingly branched, as well as the
spreading branches herbaceous-green, tetragonal ; the angles blunt,
remotely denticulate ; the teeth (leaves ?) short, conical, from a broad
base abruptly subulate, quite patent ; branches and branchlets brittle,
subglaucous, mostly sub-horizontally spreading, together with the
stems obliquely inclined, csespitosely interwoven ; flowers small,
scentless, usually solitary or 2 to 3 together from the same axil ;
peduncles very short, springing from the axils of the teeth on the stem ;
pedicels slender, 2 to 4, unequal in length, fleshy, reddish, 1 to A in.
long, moderately thickened upwards towards the calyx ; calyx very
deeply 5-cleft, almost 5-sepalous, sordidly lurid-purplish ; the segments
from a broad base ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, keeled ; corolla shortly
campanulate, unequally 10-cleft, rather fleshy, lurid-purple outside,
atropurpureous and papillose inside, whitish-rosy at the bottom around
the included genitalia ; the lobes of the sub-rotate limb alternately
much shorter ; the 5 larger lobes triangular-pointed ; the 5 smaller
ones very short, dentiform, obtuse ; all quite patent at the time of
the expanded flower ; staminal corona double, the outer whorl con-
sisting of 5 fleshy deep saffron-yellow lanceolate obtuse horn-shaped
scales, the inner whorl of 5 sub-cucullate simple much shorter
scales, all undivided ; stigma green, somewhat pentagonal, flattened-
muticous. On the mountain slopes of the prEesidium, growing in
clefts of the more elevated rocks, not uncommon, near Cabondo,
Catete, etc. ; fl. Oct. and Dec. 1856, Jan. to April 1857. Xo. 4264.

30. STAPELIA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 784.

The following No. is, perhaps, a new species of this genus,
belonging to the section Tromotriche ; it is in fruit but without
flowers : —

MossAMEDES. — A succulent, leafless, perennial herb, 4 to 6 in. high.

Stapelia\ Lxxxiir. asct.epiade/E. 699

branched from the base ; branches ascending, tetragonal, obtusely taper-
ing towards the apex, obsoletely puberulous ; the angles at least on the
upper part muricate with obtuse short teeth ; follicles spindle-shaped,
finely striate longitudinally, obsoletely tomentellous, erect, 4} in.
long, h in. broad, supported on an erect peduncle about .V in. long
which "ascends from the middle of a branch ; fruiting calyx 5-partite,
the segments lanceolate, minutely puberulous, i in. long. In dry hilly
places by the Giraul river ; fr. Oct. 1859. No. '4263.

LXXXIV. LOGANIACEiE.

This Order, which contains the virulent poisonous drug, the
Nux- Vomica, furnishes also well -tasting fruits resembling oranges,
belonging to a section of the same genus, Strychnos, and called by
the natives " Maboca." Under this name the fruits of several
different species are known in Angola which are wholesome and very
common, especially in the interior of Huilla, where at their proper
season, in December and January, the natives can buy from two to
four dozen for a cotton handkerchief or a sheet of white paper. The
fruit forms a considerable part of the sustenance of the negroes,
and it is also much appreciated by the European colonists for the
.sake of the acidulous-sweet and refreshing pulp which surrounds the
.seeds. There are two .species of " Maboca " in the Huilla forests,
the fruits of which, although tolerably alike outside and even in
taste, diffei- greatly in the effect on the digestion ; the one, which
comes from trees wich membranous and deciduous leaves, is
pleasant and perfectly innocuous ; while the other, which proceeds
from a tree of 20 or occasionally 25 ft. high, with its trunk 1 to
1 J^ ft. in diameter, and with evergreen stout and coriaceous leaves,
provokes not uncommoidy colic and diarrhoea. (See Welwitsch,
Apontam. p. 549, n. 90, and Synopse Explic. p. 17, n. 42 and
p. 34, n. 88 ; and Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 224 [1884]).

1. MOSTUEA F. Didr.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 789 ;
Baill. in Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris i. p. 244 (1880).

Coinochlaviys T. And. ex Benth. & Hook, f.. I.e., p. 1091.

The capsules in this genus bear a resemblance to those of Veronica.

1. M. fuchsiaefolia Baker in Kew Bull.. "April and May"
(June) 1895, p. 96.

PuNGe) AxnoxGO. — An erect, slender, much branched shrub. 3 to 5 ft
high ; branches long, divaricate ; leaves obovate, puberulous : flowers
pentamerous, rather fleshy, milk-white, glabrous as well as the slender
peduncles ; ovary bilocular, the cells bi-ovulate, the ovules collateral,
erect ; style bifid, the lobes again bifid : capsule compressedly obovate-
reniform, bilocular, in shape and structure almost like Bursaria ; the
cells dispermous. In thickets at the outskirts of Mata de Cabondo. in
the prtesidium ; fl. Feb.. fr. May 1857. No. 4759.

This species is very closely allied to M. Bnmonis F. Didr. in Vidensk.
Meddel. Nat. Hist. Kjobenh., 1853, Nr. 3-4, p. 87 (1854), but differs
by the presence of pubescence on the inflorescence and by larger flowers
with a less deeply divided calyx ; it is also closely allied to Leptodadun
Thoiiixoni Oliv.

700 Lxxxiv. LOGAXiACE.E. [3Iosticea

2. M. angolana.

CoinocJdamys angolana S. Moore in Joui'n. Bot. xiv. p. 322,
t. 182, f. 1 (1876), and xvi. p. 139 (1878).

PuNGO Andongo. — An erect, very slender, virgately branched shrub,
3 to 4 ft. high, with membranous leaves, tubular, campanulate, milk-
white flowers, and compressed didymous fruits. In dense shrubberies
along the streams of the prassidium, near Catete ; fl. Jan., fr. May 1857 ;
also at Cabondo, sporadic ; fi. Nov. 1856 and Feb. 1857. No. 4760.

The following ISTo. belong.s possibly to a third species of Mostuea ;
the leaves however are not strictly opposite but sub-opposite, and
the stipular scales are sufficiently different from those usual in
this genus ; in other respects the specimen suggests a Dichapetalmn.

GoLUNGO Alto. — A shrub, with the habit of a small tree, 5 to 8 ft.
in height ; the head spreading, widely frondose : ramification slender.
In the secondary thickets of Alto Queta, abave Querengue ; without
either fl. or fr. Jan. 1856. No. 4761.

2. NUXIA Lam. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 792.

1. N. dentata R. Bi\ in Salt, Abyss., App., p. 63, name only
(1814) ; Benth. & Alph. DC. in DC. Prodr. x. p. 435 (1846).

Lachnopylis opjjositifolia Hochst. in Herb. Schimp. Abyss, iii.,
n. 1714 (C/. i. 1844), and in Flora xxvi. p. 77 (7 Feb. 1843).
J^. opjwsitifolia Benth. & Alph. DC, I.e.

MossAMEDEs. — An arborescent shrub of 6 to 8 ft., or rarely a small
tree of 10 ft. in the interior of the district where it ornaments the
elevated rocks, much branched from the base, with the habit of a
Cordia ; the, fresh branchlets, younger leaves and flowers viscid ;
inflorescence bracteate ; flowers tetramerous, from whitish to yellowish ;
the calyx-lobes equal ; corolla regular, sordid-violet in colour at the
base : stamens 4, exserted, equal ; style far exserted ; stigma truncate.
In sandy thickets along the banks of the rivers Bero and Maiombe,
very plentiful ; fl. July, Sept., and Oct. 1859 and June 1860. No. 5766.
A shrub, 6 ft. high, with the habit of Eudea ; branchlets and in-
florescence viscid ; young leaves very viscid. In sandy places near
Cavalheiros, sporadic ; fl.-bud July 1859. No. 5767.

2. N. angolensis Gilg in Notizbl. Bot. Berlin, No. 2, p. 74
(5 June 1895). Premna sp., Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 240 (1884).

GoLUNGO Alto. — A tree, 20 to .35 ft. high ; trunk 1 to 1| ft. in
diameter ; wood hard, whitish, sufficiently strong ; branches divaricate ;
bark cleft, separating with the greatest ease ; branchlets finely angular ;
leaves opposite or in most cases ternate, rather thick but neither fleshy
nor coriaceous, glossy above, turning pale beneath ; flowers corymbose,
whitish, sweetly fragrant : calyx-tube 4- or rarely 3-toothed, very rarely
only bifid and opening with two obtuse concave teeth ; corolla tubular,
white ; the limb 4-cleft ; the lobes valvate in estivation, reflected in
the open flower, the throat very shaggy ; anthers whitish, reniform,
exserted ; style far exserted, white, a little curved ; stigmas red,
truncate. On the drier slopes of the mountains of Alto Queta and of
Quilombo, not uncommon ; fl.-bud 27 May 1855 ; at Undelle, fl. 10 June
1865. Native name " Mussalengue." Nos. 5670, 6689. At Catomba
by the river Luinha ; fr. July 1856. No. 5660- In fl.-bud. No. 5624.

JVuxia] Lxxxiv. loganiacE/E. 701

PiTNCo Anuoxgo. — A tree, 15 to 25 ft. high ; branches spreading,
tortuous ; leaves coriaceous ; flowers white. In wooded places at the
river Tangue, sporadic ; fl. end of May 1857. No. 5678-

Grows also among the high mountains of Dembos : its wood has a
very fine grain, white, and compact, and is well adapted for turnery ;
the tree however is not very plentiful, and occurs in stations difficult of
access. (See Welwitsch, Synopse ExpHc. p. 8, n. 8.)

3. BUDDLEJA Houst. ex L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pi. ii.
p. 793 {Bnddfia).

]. B. madagascariensis Lam. Encycl. Meth. i. p. 513 {Ikulleia)
(1783); Melliss, St. Helena, p. 298 (1875).

Island of St. Hklkna. — A slender, climbing shrub, with the habit
almost of Verbenacete, but with the structure rather of Scrophulariaceaj ;
branches and branchlets branny-feltcd, whitish-floccose ; flowers herma-
phrodite, deep orange in colour ; calyx tubular-campanulatc, quadri-
dentate at the mouth ; corolla-tube straight, somewhat salver-shaped,
exceeding the calyx, shaggy within ; the limb 4- or very rarely 5-cleft,
with obovate-oblong lobes spreading horizontally ; stamens 4, inserted
in the sinuses alternate to the corolla-lobes : anthers scarcely protruded
beyond the corolla- tube, erect, bilocular, dehiscing longitudinally ;
ovary ovoid, free ; placentation central, multi-ovulate ; style solitary
filiform, terminating in a thick oblong-spathulate rather viscid stigma,
falling a little short of the anther-tips ; filaments very short or almost
obsolete. Cultivated at Loanda in the garden of Senbor Gabriel ;
tl. Sept. 1858. No. 4762.

4. ANTHOCLEISTA Afzel. ; Benth. t Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 795.

1. A. macrantha Gilg in Engl Bot. Jahrb. xvii. p. 57-8 (1893).

A. nohills Welw. Apontam. p. 549, nnder n. 90 (1859) ; perhap.s
not of G. Don, Gen. Syst. iv. p. 68 (1837). A. Voqelii Ficalho,
PI. Uteis, p. 223 (1884) ; perhap.s not of Piancli. in Hook. Ic. PI.
t. 793-4 (1848).

GoLUNGo Alto. — A tree, in habit resembhng in its youth an elegant
palm, repeatedly and dichotomously branched, attaining in the primitive
forests a height of 50 ft., and bearing at the extremities of its branchlets
tufts of gigantic leaves, from the centre of which proceeds the flowering
corymb of 3 ft. or even longer : flowers handsome : corolla pale sulphur
in colour, fleshy-coriaceous, brittle, thrown off in a few hours or usually
within a quarter of an hour after its complete expansion from the
investing calyx, quickly rotting after its fall ; the limb 13- to 15-cleft,
the lobes contorted in aestivation, spreading in a rotate manner when
fully expanded ; stamens equal in number to the corolla-lobes ; capsule
as large as a small walnut. In the primitive forests of the Sobatos of
Quilombo, Bumba, and Queta ; in the secondary woods the trees are
lower, 20 to 25 ft. high, with broader foliage ; fl. and young fr. March
1856 ; fl. March and April 185G ; a young tree, without fl. or fr. July
185(). Native name " Quipuculo-puculo." No. 6021 and Coi.i,. Caki'.
741. Sobato Quilombo, young foliage, Feb. 1855. No. 6021 />.

PcNGO Am)i)N(;(). — In damp forests at the Imnksof the river Lombe ;
a tree-like shrub or young tree, without fl. or fr. March 1857. No. 6022.

This tree, with its very peculiar habii, abounds in the woods of the
mountainous region, and forms one of the chief features of the virgin
forest.

702 Lxxxiv. LOGANiACE.E. [Anthocleista

The following No., perhaps, belongs to this genus : —

Cazengo. — A beautiful shrub of 5 to 7 ft. (perhaps a young tree),
glaucescent throughout ; stem somewhat winged or two-edged : sap
viscid, not milky ; leaves coriaceous, much paler beneath ; petioles
connate at the dilated base in a truncate cupuliform interpetiolar
sheath. In the more elevated primaeval forests of Serra de Muxaula :
only a few specimens seen, without either fl. or fr., June 18i>5. No. 4063.

5. STRYCHNOS L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 797.

1. S. spinosa L.am. Tabl. Encycl. ii. p. 38 (1793).
Brehmia spinosa Harv. ex DC. Prodr. ix. p. 18 (1845).
LoAXDA. — A small tree, 5 to 8 ft. high ; trunk 4 in. in diameter ;

branches corky ; leaves submembranous ; flowers greenish ; fruit
edible, like an orange in shape surface and bright colour, 2 to 3 in. in
diameter. In bushy hilly places, chiefly in thin groves of Adansonia,
between Alto das Cruzes and Quicuxe ; fl. from middle of April to
middle of May. The young shoots, which after the October rains
quickly spring up from the burnt root-stocks, have much smaller and
rigidly coriaceous leaves. Negro name " Maboca." Nos. 4763, 6019
Museque de Senhor Schut ; without either fl. or fr. March and April
1854. No. 4764. An erect shrublet, 1 to 3 ft. high ; stems spiny, the
spines decurved ; branches patent ; leaves coriaceous, rigid, shining. In
sandy places, especially on the public roads, plentiful ; between Alto
das Cruzes and Quicuxe ; without either fl. or fr. Nov. and Dec. 1853.
Perhaps the young shoots of a full-sized shrub or of a tree. No. 4767 .
In hilly bushy places near Loanda ; fr. May 1854 and June 1858.
Coll. Carp. 115. A small tree, 6 to 8 ft. high : trunk and branches
from corky to several-winged : leaves deciduous ; fruit edible. In
hilly mountainous thickets near Loanda : fr. Coll. Caep. 747.

GoLUNGO Alto. — A shrub, a foot high, shaped like a little tree :
branches patent ; spines axillary, hard : leaves very bright green, rather
fleshy-coriaceous. Along roads between Trombeta and Cambondo ;
withoutfl. Sept. 1854. Duringfouryearsnever seen to flower. No. 4770.
A straight, subglaucous-green shrublet, l^ ft. high ; leaves rather
fleshy. By the Ambaca road between Sange and Camilungo ; without
fl. Dec. 1854. No. 4771- In secondary thickets by the king's highway
near Cabondo ; without fl. June 1856. No. 4772.

Ambaca. — A densely branched, very spiny shrublet of 1 to 2 ft.,
probably the fresh growth from the stock of a burnt or mutilated tree.
In neglected highways between Izanga and N-gombe. plentiful ; without
fl. Oct. 1856. No. 4773.

Those specimens which are without flowers are referred here with
some doubt.

2. S. Volkensii Gilg in Notizbl. Bot. Berlin, No. 2, p. 76
<5 June 1895).

GoLUNGO Alto and Cazengo. — A tree, 8 to 12 ft. high ; trunk
usually 2^ to 3 but occasionally 4 to 6 in. in diameter ; branches spiny ;
leaves opposite, sub-coriaceous : flowers greenish ; fruit like an orange
in colour size and shape, edible ; pulp acidulous-sweet. In thickets
and thin forests from Cambondo to the Luinha and Trombeta, tolerably
plentiful ; also near Dalatanda in the Cazengo district ; fl. in the
elevated parts of the Queta mountains, Nov. 1855. Native name
'' Maboca." No. 4768. A tree of 10 to 15 ft. ; trunk 4 to 6 in. in
diameter ; branches diffuse ; flowers greenish, very rapidly devoured by

iS'tri/chnos] LXXXIV. LOGANIACEyE. 703

insects. In the more open forests at the base of Alto Queta, sporadic ;
fr. June 1855 : H. Dec. 1H55. No 4769. At Dalatanda, June 1855 ;
said to be in fr. No. 4775. A tree, 12 to 15 ft. high ; trunk 9 in. in
diameter at the base, very rarely 12 in. ; fruit shaped like an orange ;
pulp edible, acidulous-sweet. In the Luinha valley ; fr. 27 July 1856.
Com.. Caki". 742. " Maboca doce," 1856. Fr. depressed-globose
2| to 3f in. in diameter. Cou,. Cakp. 743.

This must be compared with the last species, of which perhaps it
may prove to be only a varying form ; the calyx-segments in our
5-pecimens are rather longer than in the type of Gilg's species. Those
specimens which are without Howers are still more doubtfully referred.

3. S. Welwitschii Gilg in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvii. p. 573 (1893).
*S'. subscandeiis Baker in Kew Bull. 1895, p. 90 (June). S. loan-

deiisis Baker, jS. microcarpa Baker, S. lucens Baker, I.e., p. 97.

Barra do Bexgo and Loanda. — A shrub with fruit not poisonous
like Nux- Vomica. Between Quicuxe and Cacuaco ; fr. March.
No. 4766. In young leaf and fi. -bud. Xo. 6016. A climbing shrub.
At Loanda: tl. and unripe fr. Jan. 1S58. No. 6017- A subscaudent,
evergreen shrub ; unripe fruit ovoid-spherical or oblong, obliquely
ventricose, green-glaucescent. In the more elevated hilly rocky
somewhat woody places near Quicuxe ; young fr. May 1854. No. 6018.
A robust shrub, usually in the form of a small tree ; branches divaricate,
sarmentose ; the sarmentose branchlets virgate, often climbing, densely
warty, cirrhose ; the tendrils bifid, with the bifurcations hooked,
thickened in the middle ; leaves coriaceous, glossy ; fruit spherical,
resembling a small orange in shape and colour, li to 2 in. in diameter,
harmless, edible. By thickets in dry hilly places in the Loanda
country, as, for example, at Museque de Senhor Schut ; young fr.
April ; ripe fr. July 1854. Native name " Maboca." No. 6015.
Fruit H in. in diameter. No. 4766. A very elegant shrub ; branches
subscandent ; leaves evergreen ; stipules becoming woody, recurved ;
fruit precisely resembling an orange. Near Loanda ; seeds Jan. 1854.
Coll. Cakp. 745. A shrub, 5 to 6 ft. high, much branched, evergreen ;
tendrils simple, circinate-hooked. In bushy places near Quicuxe and
Mutollo ; young fr. May 1854. Coll. Carp. 74G.

The specimens from the carpological collection, consisting only of
seeds or young fruits, are doubtfully referred here.

The following No. perhaps belongs to this species, but the leaves
are prolonged at the apex into a long narrow acumen : —

GoLUNiiO Alto. — A climbing shrub, not lactescent ; wood hard ;
leaves coriaceous ; fruit reddish. Near Fundo de N-delle, in an Acacia
forest ; fr. March 1855. No. 4774.

The following No., of which the material is very scanty, has
flowers wdth a long minutely puberulous style and small ovate
leaves ; it should be compared with /S. Wehvitschii :- -

Bakka do Daxdk. — An apparently evergreen shrub with the habit
of the order, the leaves falling off in the course of drying. In hilly
bushy calcareous places near Barra do Dande ; only one specimen with
a few fl. Nov. 1853. No. 1260.

4. S. angolensis Gilg, I.e., p. 571.

PuN(;o Andongo. — In fl. and fr. No. 6020. An arborescent
shrub ; trunk more or less curved or even twisted, 4 to 5 in. in

45

704 LXXXIV. LOGANIACE/E. [Stri/chilOS

diameter at the base, leaves coriaceous, glossy ; flowers yellowish.
In shady wooded places by rivulets iu Barranco de Songue ; fr. Oct.
1856 ; fl. Feb. 1857. No. 4776. A climbing evergreen shrub, with a
few short simple ,hooked tendrils ; fruit baccate, of a pleasant orange
colour, as big as a cherry, one-seeded, sparingly pulpy : seed depressed-
spherical. In shady places by the streams of the prpesidium : at the
river Tangue, in nearly ripe 'f r. Dec. 1856. No. 4777. A climbing
shrub. At the river Tangue ; fr. Dec. 1856. Coll. Carp. 959.

The following No. should be compared with this species, and
perhaps belongs to it : —

PuNGO Andongo. — An evergreen shrub, with the habit of the
genus. In thickets near Caghuy ; fl. apparently monstrous under
the attack of insects ; Dec. 1850. No. 1230.

5. S. cocculoides Baker in Kew Bull. 1895, p. 98.

HuiLLA. — A small or moderate-sized tree, 8 to 15 ft. high, with
spiny-hooked branchlets. In mixed forests about Lopollo towards the
Monino ; in marcescent fl. and young fr. Oct. 1860. A broad-leaved
form of the Maboca dpce. No. 4779. A small tree with a Rhamnoid
habit ; leaves and branches sometimes excessively sometimes but little
shaggy or more or less pubescent. In mixed forests about Lopollo,
plentiful ; fl. Oct. 1859 ; in very late fl. and ripe fr. Jan. 18(;0. Called
" Maboca doce." No. 4780 and Coll. Carp. 744. A small tree,
12 to 15 ft. high, much and divaricately branched ; fruit edible. In
damp forests near Lopollo, not uncommon ; in Humpata abundant ;
fr. Dec. 1859 and Jan. 1860. Native name " Maboca," but it is different
from the Maboca of Golungo Alto. The specimen consists only of
seeds and therefore the determination is doubtful. Coll. Carp. 39.

6. S. pungens Solered. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam.
iv. 2. p. 40 (June 1892), and in Engl. p. 554.

*S'. occidentalis Solereder in Engl. & Prantl, I.e.

HuiLLA. — A tree, 15 to 20 ft. high ; trunk straight, 6 to 12 in. in
diameter ; leaves rigid, glossy, mucronate, the mucro pungent ; fruit
edible but acidly pungent, and when eaten in quantity deleterious and
causing diarrhoea. In the Monino forests, in company with species of
Protea ; ripe fr. Jan. 1860. No. 4778- Flowers whitish ; in the same
locality ; Nov. 1859. No 4778^'. A smaU tree, 10 to 20 ft. high,
branched a little above the base ; branches rather erect ; leaves rigidly
coriaceous, pungent-mucronate ; fruit in form and colour like an
orange ; pulp acidulous, orange in colour, investing the seeds. In
wooded places near Lopollo ; fr. Dec. 1859 and Jan. 1860. Seeds only,
apparently belonging to this species. "Maboca venenosa." Coll.
Carp. 40.

The following two Nos. have the general aspect of this order,
and the foliage is rather suggestive of the genus listeria, but the
absence of both flowers and fruit renders this position quite
doubtful : —

Golungo Alto. — A very elegant, small tree, 6 to 8 ft. high ;
branches erect-spreading, firm ; leaves thickly and succulently cori-
aceous, very glossy. In forests and thickets at the river Cuango, but
never seen to flower ; May 1855. No. 6686. Apparently the same
plant. No. 3253.

S'ebcea] lxxxv. gextiane.e. 705-

LXXXV. GENTIANE/E.

1 . SEB^A Soland. ex R. Br. ; Benth. & Hook, f . Geu. PI. ii. p. 804.

1. S. brachyphylla Griseb. Gent. p. 170 (1839); Engl, llochge-
birgsflora. p. .335 (1892) ; Gilgin Engl. Bot. Jalirb. xxvi. 100 (1898).

Hull. I. A. — In moist pastures throughout the district, very plentiful,
from Oct. to March ; near Lopollo at an elevation of 4500 to 5500 ft. ;
rt. and fr. Nov. and Dec. 1859 and Feb. 18G0. No. 1520. Cf. Coll.
Carp. 750. An annual herb, with the habit of a Cenfaurhuu and with
small yellow flowers. Lopollo in damp places ; seeds Feb. 1860.
Probably this species. Coll. Carp. 749.

From a note attached to S. affinis, with which species Welwitsch
had at one time associated this plant, it appears that the latter is a
powerfully bitter herb and was usually employed with very good
effect by the colonists in Huilla as ;i tonic, in lieu of Cndauriniu
luubcllatum Gilib. which is not indigenous in Huilla. A decoction
prepared from this plant, together with Furoa .•^dlii/urii^, is a potent
restorative after fever ; its virtues were tested by Welwitsch. This
is probably the plant referred to by Welwitsch, Synopse Explic. p. 55,
n. 145, under the Portuguese name of " Fel da terra de flor amarella."

2. S. Welwitschii Schinz in Vierteljahrsschrift Nat. Gessellsch.
in Ziirich, xxxvi. p. 321 (1891); aiid in Bull. Herb. Boi.ss. iv.
p. 443 (June 1896) ; Gilg, I.e., p. 92.

,S'. khasiana C. B. CI. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. p. 09 (1883)
partly, not in Journ. Linn. See. xiv. p. 428 (1875).

HuiLL.\. — A parasitical, filiform, erect, 2- to 6-flowered herb ; habit
of Centaurium ; stem simple or sparingly branched, quadrangular :
leaves ovate-acuminate, connate at the base, rather rigid, distant,
opposite ; flowers yellow ; calyx deeply lobed ; the segments ovate-
lanceolate ; corolla-lobes lanceolate ; stamens inserted between the
corolla-lobes, exserted ; filaments in some flowers nearly straight, not
at all curved below the anthers ; anthers variable in shape, sometimes
long-spathulate or oblong-claviculate and longer than the style, in
other cases shortly spathulate, almost shorter than the style and
hollowed out with one side as it were arched. Parasitical among
grasses and on clumps of Cyperaceae along the banks of the Monino
river in spongy or swampy places ; fl. and fr. Jan. 18G0. No. 1521.
An annual, erect, lovely, little herb, scarcely 8 in. high ; habit almost
of Curt/a tmella Cham. ; stems filiform, mostly shortly bent at the
base, promptly straightening, simple or with one branch above the
middle or trichotomous ; branches ascending 1- to 3-flowered ; leaves
minute, yV to i in. long, sub-connate at the base, ovate-lanceolate,
keeled, subulate at the apex, squamiform so that the stem seems
partly leafless, adpressed to the stem ; internodes about 1 (4* to 1\)
in. long ; cymes 1- to 1 6-flowered ; flowers ebracteolate, yellow,
mostly pentamerous, 4- to 6-merous ; 5- and G-merous flowers .veen on
the same specimen ; corolla salver-shaped : the tube swelled at the
base, constricted below the limb ; the lobes ovate rather obtuse ;
stamens exserted ; anthers sub-sagittate at the base without glands at
the apex or with very small glands, but present only on one or two
of them, at length spirally twisted ; style straight, filiform, exceeding
the stamens ; stigma globose- ctespitate, pileiform, widely hollowed at
the base and there obtusely bilobed ; capsule 2 -celled ; placentation
free, 4-lobed ; seeds oblong-subquadrate, various in shape, when not

TOG Lxxxv. GENTIANS^. [Seboia

quite ripe foveolate. Parasitic on the rhizomes of low Cyperacese, in
damp shortly grassy pastures along the Humpata river (Quipumpun-
hime), plentiful ; fl. and fr. 24 April 1860. No. 1522.

3. S. affinis Welw. ms. in Herb.

An annual, slender, erect, glabrous, sub-glaucescent herb,
8 to 12 in. high, branched from the base ; radical leaves
rostilate, broadly elliptical, obtuse ; stem quadrangular, with
the angles sub-acute and membranous-winged, several times
dichotomously divided, gradually finishing in a corymbose flower-
ing panicle ; stem-leaves ovate or lanceolate, acute or acuminate
at the apex, somewhat narrowed at the base, sessile, the upper-
most ones the smallest ; flowers ^r to ^ in. long, on short unequal
pedicels or subsessile ; calyx pentagonal, |^ to i in. long, 5-partite ;
the segments acutely keeled, obtusely acuminate at the apex,
with broad white membranous margins ; corolla salver-shaped,
yellow, the tube somewhat inflated, narrowed below the 5 -cleft
limb; the lobes ovate-acuminate, spreading at the time of the
flower, in old age spirally twisted above the ovary ; stamens 5,
exserted; filaments very short, equal, inserted in the sinuses
between the corolla-lobes ; anthers attached at the middle of the
back, longitudinally dehiscing, obtusely sagittate at the base,
subspiral at the apex in old age, surmounted at the apex with
a small sub-orbicular rather thick waxy-yellow gland, scarcely
curved at the apex ; ovary elliptical, bi-ovulate ; the margins
inti'oflected ; ovules very numerous, horizontal ; style terminal,,
short, straight ; stigma longer than the style, simple, rather
thick, subprismatic-clavate, level with the anthers, obtuse, thinly
papillose-pubescent ; unripe ca23sule ellipsoidal-inflated, bilocular ;
placentation at length free ; seeds minute, very numerous.

MossAMEDES. — In a moist sandy spot, usually flooded, among low
bushes at the left bank of the river Bero (Rio das Mortes) near
Cavalheiros ; only one specimen seen ; fl. and fr. 21 Sept. 1859.
No. 1519.

This diifers from S. brachypJiijUa by the stem-leaves being ovate-
acuminate and not obtuse, by the much laxer inflorescence, by the
alate calyx, by the corolla-lobes being gradually more acuminate, and
by the larger glands on the anthers.

2. PARASIA Rafin. Fl. Tellur. iii. p. 78 (1836).

Belmontia E. Mey. (1837) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 804.

1. P. platyptera.

Belmontia p/at>/j)tera Baker in Kew Bull. 1894, p. 25.

PuNCio Andongo.— An annual, erect, little herb ; stem winged-
quadrangular, as well as the rather fleshy leaves herbaceous-green ;
branches opposite ; flowers yellow, rather small, with a circle of small
glands between the bottom of the calyx and the funnel-shaped corolla:
corolla-lobes ovate, rather obtuse ; stamens included ; ovary very
shortly stipitate, beset around the base with very small crowded
glands sessile at the bottom of the calyx, that is, at the base of the
corolla ; style sparingly pubescent, reaching the middle of the anthers;
stigma somewhat bifid, papillose ; placentation central, 4-parted, quite

Parasial iaxxv. t;EXTiANE.K. 707

free in the ripe capsule ; edges of thD carpels inflected and somewhat
cohering with the septum ; seeds quadrangular-prismatic, very deli-
cately papillose. In sandy moist places among low herbs, between
Lombe and Quibinda, in company with Fimhrlsfijl/.i e.rilis R. & S.,
sparingly ; fl. and fr. middle of March 1857. No. 1512. In similar
places at the river Cuanza, near ]\Iuta Lucala ; fl. and young fr.
March 1857. No. 1512?>.

By some mistake this plant bears the Welwitsch no. 1524 in Herb.
Kew, and is so quoted by Baker, I.e.

2. P. grandis.

Belmontia grandis'E,. Mey. Comm. PI. Afr. Austr. p. 183 (1837).
Exochwmum yrande Griseb. in DC. Prodr. ix. p. 55 (1845) ; Welw.
in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 49 (1869).

HuiLLA. — An annual herb, 3 to 11, usually 3 to 5 in. high ; rhizome
parasitical, after the manner of Sfr/ija, adhering to the roots of
neighbouring plants by means of its short whitish fleshy very brittle
fasciculate fibres, chiefly affecting bulbous or tuberous Cyperaceas ;
stem erect, acutely tetragonal, bright green, filled with a very loose
pith, rather sparingly branched towards the apex; leaves lanceolate-
elliptical, semi-amplexicaul, herbaceous-green, obtusely keeled ; flowers
horizontally nodding, almost like Mimnlus ; calyx 5-cleft, the lobes
binged-keeled ; corolla hypogynous, somewhat salver-shaped, very
Wright sulphur in colour, sub-bilabiate, marcescent ; the tube but little
exceeding the calyx ; the lobes of the limb 5, ovate, very patent ;
stamens 5, inserted on the lower part of the corolla-tube, included,
equal ; filaments flattened at the insertion of the anthers, incurved-
thickened, longer than the anther-cells ; anthers oblong-linear, 2-celled,
dehiscing longitudinally, with one gland at the apex and two glands
at the base, at first exceeding the stigma, at length adhering to the
enlarged stigma, forming a ring round the neck of the stigma and quasi-
epigynous by the rupture of the filaments ; the apical gland stalked,
ellipsoidal-spathulate, central ; the basal glands smaller, suborbicular.
shortly stalked, lateral ; ovary obovoid-elliptical, 2-celled, the edges of
the valves introflected, the cells many-ovuled ; style central, falling
short of the anther-tips or longer, firm, shorter than the thickly club-
shaped, rather compressed pubescent stigma which is broadly winged
on both sides ; capsule ovoid, turgid, 2-celled ; placenta at length
4-parted, tolerably large, spongy, at length free from the capsule :
seeds very numerous, minute, cinnamon-brown or tawny, subglobose,
angular, minutely scrobiculate or foveolate. Parasitical in spongy
and marshy densely herbaceous places on clumps of Cyperaceae, in
company with species of Drosera, Lohelia, Striga, SclerUi, Xyris,
Eriocauhii, etc., near LopoUo ; in the Monino meadows by the stream ;
fl. and fr. Dec. 1859 and Jan. 18(50. No. 1516. In elevated spongy
places, on the roots of various Rubiace;«, in the Monino pastures; fl. and
fr. Feb. 18G0. A broad-leaved form. No. 1516&.

3. P. primuliflora.

Exochmnium primula'florum Welw., I.e., p. 47. Belmontia pri-
mulcejlora Schinz in Vierteljahrsschrift Nat. Gesellsch. Ziirich,
xxxvi. p. 332 (1891).

HuiLLA. — An annual, little herb, 2 to 3 in. high, branched from the
base ; branches and branchlets subcorymbose ; radical leaves elliptical :
stem-leaves linear-lanceolate ; calyx but little winged, keeled-angular :
corolla deep-yellow ; the lobes of the limb 5 or rarely 4, broadly

708 Lxxxv. GENTiANEiE. [Farasiu

ovate, narrowed at the base, abruptly acuminate at the apex ; anthers
surmounted at the apex with lanceolate-linear glands as long as the
cells or rather longer, biglandular at the base ; filaments in some cases
elongated, in othei's oftener very short ; style filiform, pubescent with
short glandular hairs, rather short ; stigma cylindrical-clavate, densely
papillose-bearded, entire or scarcely emarginate at the apes ; placenta-
tion central ; edges of the carpels quite coalescent. In elevated spongy
pastures with short herbage, in Morro de LopoUo, towai'ds Humpata,
above 5300 ft. alt., in company with species of UtricuJurin, etc.,
plentiful ; fl. and fr. March and April 18G0. No. 1513. Flowers
whitish-yellowish. In swampy meadows at the river Monino, in com-
pany with various species of DruKcra (cf. D. BurheaiiK : Welw. Herb.
No. 1184) and Xyrh ; fl. and fr. end of April 1860. No. 1513&.

Var. jB. nana.

E. 2)rimulaiJlorum, (3. nanuvi Welw., I.e., p. 48.

HuiLLA. — A pleasantly green, dwarf herb ; flowers brilliant, golden-
yellow. On the swampy slopes of the loftiest mountains, nearly dried
up at the time, to the south of Huilla, and on the left-hand side of the
road leading from LopoUo towards Gambos : fl. end of April 1860.
No. 1514. Apparently annual ; flowers golden-coloured. In moist
pastures in short grass, plentiful ; fl. and fr. Feb. and April 1860.
Coll. Carp. 748.

4. P. debilis.

Exochcenhtm dehile Welw., Z.c, p. 48. Belmontla dehilis Schinz,
I.e., p. 332.

Pu^Go Andongo. — A flaccid, parasitical little herb, 1 to 2 in. high,
apparently not annual ; rhizome rather thick, whitish, somewhat
fleshy, brittle, creeping obliquely among marsh herbs; stems numerous,
rather fleshy, very brittle, subtetragonal ; flowers milk-white, penta-
merous, cjmosely fastigiate ; calyx deeply cleft ; corolla thin-fleshy ;
the lobes obovate-oblong or obovate, not mucronate, obtuse ; the limb
campanulate-spreading ; stamens inserted at the middle of the corolla-
tube or a little higher, included ; anthers introrse, 2-celled, biglandular
at the base ; the connective fleshy, tumid, produced far beyond
the cells ; ovary 2-celled ; style straight ; stigma elongated-clavate,
velvety ; capsule globose, many-seeded. In grassy muddy places
nearly dried up at the time, at the Lagoa de Quibinda on the right
bank of the river Cuije, sparingly : fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 1511.

5. P. gracilis.

Belmontia gracilis Welw., I.e., p. 47.

HuiLi>A. — An annual, little herb, 1h to 6 in. high, with the habit of
a maritime Cottawiiun but more slender : stem filiform, nearly naked,
tetragonal, erect, very sparingly branched ; leaves opposite, linear-
lanceolate, channelled, erect-spreading, semi-amplexicaul at the base,
somewhat decurrent ; internodes long ; flowers yellow, pentamerous,
rather large, 1 to 3, erect, rather lax : calyx deeply cleft; the segments
long-acuminate, winged-keeled, broad at the base, with white membra-
nous margins and groups of very minute glands at its base between
it and the funnel-shaped corolla ; corolla-tube inflated at the base,
constricted in the middle below the limb ; the lobes ovate, apiculate,
spreading at the time of flowering, the whole corolla marcescent and at
length adhering to the ovary ; stamens inserted on the corolla-tube
below the limb, included ; filaments equal at the base, about twice the

Farasia] lxxxv. gentianejc. 709

length of the anthers ; anthers erect, dehiscing longitudinally, apiculate
at the apex, eglandular at the base ; ovary oval, bisulcate, I'-cclled ;
the edcres of the carpel-valves introflected and nearly reaching the
placenta : style straight, firm, short ; stigma relatively large, scarcely
or but little shorter than the style, thickly clavate, scarcely if at ail
bilobed at the apex, reaching the top or middle of the anthers ; seeds
quadrangular-prismatic. Subparasitic, in spongy meadows, in the
wooded parts of the northern region of the Monino, in company with
species of Utricularic. Buninuniia hlcnlor, Xi/ris, etc. ; fl. and fr.
beginning of April 18G0. No. 1524.

3. CHIRONIA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 805.

1. C. angolensis Gilg in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxvi. p. 104 (1898).
Hun. I. A. — An erect, quite glabrous, suffrutescent herb, 2 to 4| ft.

high, with the habit of some species of E.racum, really handsome, by
far the most robust of all tropical African Gentianeaj, and at the same
time remarkable for the size and bright rosy violet colour of its
numerous flowers ; root perennial, rather thick, sub-fusiform, woody,
nearly an inch thick at the neck ; stems 2 to 5, quadrangular, acutely
winged at the angles, simple below to the height of 1 to Ih ft.,
branched above, green, not glaucous ; branches opposite, erect-patent,
somewhat 4-winged. the lower ones ranging up to Gin. long ; branchlets
fastigiate ; leaves much acuminate ; the lower stem-leaves lanceolate,
2 to 3 in. long, but little more than h in. broad in the middle, at the
base decurrent on both sides into a narrow wing, 3-nerved, bright
green, longer than or as long as the internodes of U to 3 in., patent
on the flowering plant ; the upper leaves linear-lanceolate or linear,
gradually narrower and shorter, the uppermost and floral ones narrowly
linear, almost subulate ; panicles ample, about a foot long, 20- to
60-flowered ; pedicels 1 to H in. long, unequal, erect-spreading,
quadrangular, somewhat thickened towards the apex ; flowers erect,
] to If, in. long ; calyx glaucescent-green ; the segments 5, obtusely
but clearly keeled, membranous on the margins, linear-lanceolate,
subulate-acuminate at the apex with the prolonged keel far exceeding
the corolla-tube, rather strict : corolla rather fleshy, becoming
chartaceous-rigid in the course of drying, deeply 5-lobed ; the lobes
broadly lanceolate, gradually acuminate at the apex, at least twice
as long as the calyx, tardily deciduous ; stamens 5 ; filaments short,
dilated-flattened at the base, inserted a little below the sinuses of the
corolla, declinate, anthers oblong, 2 or 3 times as long as the filaments,
cordate at the base, 2-celled : the cells longitudinally dehiscent, spirally
twisted ; style divergent from and longer than the stamens, at the apex
thickened, 2-lobed ; the lobes erect, stigmatose ; ovary ratlier fleshy.
On woody grassy rocky slopes of the loftiest ridges of the mountains
of Serra de Xella, not far from and below Mumpulla, at an elevation
of 4000 ft., in rather dry situations ; fl. June and July 18G0. No. 1526.

2. C. erythrseodes llii-rn, sp. n.

An annvial, glaucescent-green, rather fle.sby, erect herb, with
the aspect of a Centaurlum, nearly glabrous, about a foot high ;
root rather thick at the crown, decumbent, giving oii" descending
fibres at its base and several erect or ascending .stems at its apex ;
stems compressed-quadrangular, leafy at the base, simple below,
branched at the inflorescence, the angles narrowly winged ; radical
leaves rosulate, obovate-spathulate, '■} to 1^ in. long I'V | to I in.

710 Lxxxv. GENTiANE^. [Chironia

broad, rounded at the apex, inconspicuously 3-nerved and narrowed
at the sessile base ; stem-leaves variable in shape and size, more
or less oblong or lanceolate and shorter than the internodes, an
inch long or less, semi-amplexicaul, suberect, rather fleshy and
rigid, decurrent at the base on both sides down to the next node,
rather obtuse or abruptly acuminate at the apex, the acumen
cartilaginous, small ; flowers ^ to ^ in. long just before expansion,
on equal rather slender pedicels, arranged in rather lax terminal
ovoid panicles ; calyx deeply 5-lobed, openly campanulate ; the
segments lanceolate, acuminate, i in. long, quincuncial, somewhat
keeled, minutely glandular-puberulous on the back, green with
broad scarious margins ; corolla about 4 in, long, deeply 5-lobed,
of a deep rosy colour ; the tube very short, campanulate ; the
lobes oval, rounded, about ^ in. long, quincuncial, spreading, veiny ;
stamens 5, glabrous, declinate, exserted ; filaments lanceolate-
linear, compressed, -^^ in. long, inserted a little below the corolla-
sinuses ; anthers yellow, ^'g- in. long, oblong, spirally twisted or
somewhat so even in the bud, 2-celled ; cordate and attached to
the filament at the base, eglandular ; the cells very broad ; style
glabrous, longer than and diverging from the stamens ; stigma
thickened, rather curved ; ovary compressed, oval, I in. long, J^ in.
broad, 2-celled.

HuiLLA. — By nearly dried up swamps near Lopollo, at an elevation
of 5000 ft., rare ; fl. 23 Dec. 1859. No. 1525.

4. FAROA Welw. ; Benth. & Hook, f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 806.

1. F. salutaris Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 46, t. 17
(1869) ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 225 (1884).

HuiLLA. — A very elegant herb, annual or biennial, 2 to 5 in. high,
decussately branched from the base ; root and stems, etc., abounding
in a very better principle and furnishing by far the best tonic medi-
cine used by the negroes for dysentery and with still better effects
in intermittent fevers ; radical leaves rosulate, narrowly lanceolate-
linear, 1 to 2^ in. long ; stem-leaves similar or also linear, sessile, semi-
amplexicaul, rather erect, deep green, rather fleshy, opposite or the
uppermost ones at the base of the heads of flowers quaternate and
resembling a tetraphylleus involucre ; flowers at the apex of the stem
and branches umbellate-capitate, clear-blue violet-coloured or milk-
white ; calyx quadrangular, 4-cleft ; the lobes erect, broadly mem-
branous at the base, gradually narrowed and obtuse at the apex,
obtusely keeled on the back, equalling the corolla-tube, mostly
obscurely purple ; corolla funnel-shaped, hypogynous ; the tube
gradually widened upwards ; the limb-lobes 4, erect-spreading in
flower, marcescent ; stamens 4, inserted on the corolla-tube between
the lobes, exserted ; filaments flattened-filiform, equal, each furnished
below the base with a semi-lunar gland on the corolla-tube ; anthers
obscurely flesh-coloured or purple, eglandular, longitudinally dehiscing,
not twisted, introrse ; style straight, filiform, purple, gradually ter-
minating in the very narrowly truncate and delicately papillose sub-
bUobed or simple stigma. In damp sandy pastures throughout the
plateau of Huilla, between Nene and Humpata, from 4200 to 5500 ft.
alt., very plentiful, in company with Trifolium polyskichyum, var.
jjsoraleoides (Welw. herb. no. 1902), T. subrotundum, var. obcordatum

Faroa] lxxxv. gentiane.e. 711

(Welw. herb. no. 1901), and an Jmllr/ofcra ; fi. Oct. LSa'.) to Jan. 1800 ;
fr. Feb. and March IHOO. No. 1523 and Coll. Caki-. 74.

This (and perhaps also the two species of Chironia) is probably the
plant referred to by Welwitsch, Synopse P]xplic. p. 55, n. 144, under
the Portuguese name of " Fel da terra de flor roxa."

5. HIPPION Spreng. Syst. Veg. i. p. 589 (1825), majore parte;
F. W. Sclimidt in Eiim. Archiv. Bot. i. p. 9 (1796), mimmd parte.

Enicostema Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ind. Bat. p. 848 (182G); Benth.
ct Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 807.

1. H. verticillatum F. W. Schmidt in Eom., I.e., i. p. 11;
tSpreng., I.e. ; 0. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. p. 428 (1891) {Uippiouum v.).

Gentiana verticillata L. Sy.st. Nat., edit. 10, ii. p. 952 (1759).
Ericoila vertieillata Borckh. in Rom., I.e., i. p. 27. Enicostema
■littorals Blume, I.e., Eiiieostenima verticillutuni Engl, ex Gilg in
Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 2, p. 67 (Feb. 1895).

Benguella. — A herb or undershrub, | to \h ft. high ; rhizome
more or less creeping, descending very deeply, perennial, yellow-
whitish ; stem erect, glaucous-green, rather fleshy throughout, simple
or sparingly branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate, elongated, 3-nerved,
amplexicaul, opposite, decussate ; flowers white, turning yellow in
•drying, subsessile, clustered in the axils, 1- or 2-bracteolate, the
bracteoles linear-lanceolate, nearly as long as the calyx-lobes, erect-
spreading : calyx .")- (or occasionally 2- or 3-) lobed ; the lobes erect,
membranous on the margins ; corolla tubular, 5-cleft, rather fleshy,
persistent, funnel-shaped ; the lobes erect-spreading, contorted in
aestivation, ovate, rather blunt, somewhat arched and involute at the
apex, rather rigid ; stamens 5, sub-exserted, inserted below the middle
of the corolla-tube ; filaments dilated in an arched manner at the
base, without intervening teeth, the margin of the arch wavy : anthers
oblong, hastate, shortly bilobed at the base, attached at the sinus,
■erect, 2-celled ; the connective produced at the apex into a thin
apiculus : ovary obovoid, unilocular ; ovules very numerous, inserted
at the sutures ; style cylindrical, firm, straight, reaching the middle
of the anthers ; stigma thick, capitate, closely surrounded by the
anthers ; capsule ovoid or obovoid-oblong, co%'ered with the marcescent
corolla, unilocular ; placentas sutural ; seeds numerous, comparatively
not very small, chestnut-rufous, inserted on the placentas by means
of flattened funicles. In sandy-muddy, sparingly herbaceous places,
flooded in winter, by the ocean to the south of the city of Benguella,
in company with Mollugo hirta Thunb. and Cressa creticfi L. (Welw.
herb. no. G138), not uncommon ; fl. and fr. end of June 1859.
No. 1517.

MossAMEDEs. — A suffrutescent herb, with yellow root and white
flowers. In brackish beds of rushes near the mouth of the river Bero,
near Mossamedes, plentiful ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 1518.

6. SWERTIA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 816.

Sweertia Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ., edit. 2, p. 558 (1844).

1. S. stellarioides Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 225 (1884).

Adenopogon stellariokles Welw. Synopse Explic. p. 27, n. 59
(1862). ,S'. Wehmtschii Engl. Hochgebirgsflora, p. 339 (1892);
Gilg in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxvi. p. 110 (1898).

712 Lxxxv. GENTiANE.E. [S'lvertia

HuiLLA. — A slender, erect, very bitter, annual herb, with the habit
of Ophelia ; stem usually branched, subangular, somewhat swelled at
the nodes, about a foot high ; leaves opposite, lanceolate-linear, semi-
amplexicaul, 1 -nerved, obtusely keeled beneath, erect, bright green as
well as the stem and branches, the upper ones gradually narrower ;
flowers corymbose-paniculate, numerous, strongly resembling those of
a Stellar ia ; calyx 5-partite ; the segments lanceolate, narrow, flat,
1-nerved, cuspidate ; corolla rotate, deeply 5-lobed ; the lobes ovate-
oblong, milk-white outside, sti-eaked with purple lines inside, twice as
long as the calyx, glandular a little above the base with greenish
geminate depressions which have long cilia at their edges ; stamens 5,
inserted on the very short tube of the corolla ; filaments a little
widened and almost cohering in a ring at the base : anthers in the
living state purple, turning green in drying, typically introrse, after
the flowering extrorse, not twisted ; ovary unilocular, cylindrical, sub-
compressed ; stigma sessile, broadly bilabiate, terminal, large ; the lips
diverging at the time of the flower, at length somewhat reflected
at the margin ; ovules at both sides of the sutures, very numerous,
horizontal : placentas sutural, geminate, distinct, spongy-fleshy ;
capsule unilocular, compressed-cylindrical, bivalvecl, obtuse ; seeds
numerous, comparatively large for the order, globose, densely tuber-
culate ; the tubercles minute, hemispherical, smooth, rather shining.
In somewhat sandy damp wooded pastures in Morro de Lopollo,
between 5200 and 5600 ft. alt., very plentiful ; fl. and fr. beginning
of April and 4 May 1860. No. 1515. At Humpata ; fl. and fr. May
1860. Coll. Carp. 51.

All the parts of this plant are very bitter ; the natives, however, do
not make any use of it, nor do they give a special name to it ; but
Welwitsch considered it quite equal or even superior in its medicinal
qualities to the Fel da terra of Portugal, that is, Centaurium majus
{Erythreea major Hoffm. & Link), and capable of affording a substitute
for Gentiana Intea L.

LXXXVI. BOIIAGIXE^:.

1. CORDIA Plum., L. ; Bentli. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 838,
The wood which the negroes of Africa, in the most diverse districts
and various tribes, make use of for procuring fire by means of rubbing
sticks together, belongs to the genus Cordia. Thus, in Golungo Alto
and around Ambriz, in Songo and in the interior of Loanda, on the
river Cuanzo and likewise in Benguella, when desirous of making a
fire, the negroes nearly everywhere pointed out to Welwitsch trees of
this genus as those best adapted for the purpose.

1. C. rubra Hochst. in PI. Schimp. Abyss, iii. n. 1582 {U.i.^
1844) and ex A. Rich. Fl. Abys.s. ii. p. 82 (1851).

Bakra de Daxhe and Loanda. — A small tree, 8 or rarely 12 ft.
high, usually in the form of a shrub, but when well developed always
tree-like, with a single slender trunk and a dilated head ; leaves
resembling those of an alder, pallid green, very rough above, more
or less softly shaggy beneath ; flowers milk-white or yellow-whitish ;
drupe baccate, ovoid-globose, sordidly cinnabar-red or orange-scarlet,
very viscid, fleshy, monopyrenous, mucronate with the remains of the
style, seated on the 5- to 7-toothed calyx ; putamen very hard, bony,
4-celled or rarely by abortion 3- or 2-celled, quadrangular-pyramidal^
truncate at the apex ; the seeds solitary in the cells. In rough hilly

CoO-dia] LXXXVI. BORAGIXE.E. 713

places by thickets near Barra de Dande and thence extending over
nearly the whole coast districts as far as the mouth of the river
Cuanza, not nncommon ; fi. from Jan. to the beginning of June ;
fr. Nov. 1853. No. 5423- In hilly bushy places in the coast region :
fr. June and July 1858. Coi.r.. Cai;p. 755.

Gon'NGO Ai/ro. — No notes. In fl. and fr. No. 5431.

Bum no. — A small tree of 8 to 12 ft., spreading widely at the head ;
flowers whitish ; fruit sulphur in colour, edible, rather viscid. In
thickets near Bumbo ; fl. and fr. Oct. 185;t. No. 4783.

C. rubra Hochst. has been referred, perhaps correctly, to C. ornUs
Hochst. in PI. Schimp. Abyss, ii. n. 1218 and ex Alph. DC. in DC.
Prodr. ix. p. 479 (1845), non R. Br. ; but the latter has longer and
slenderer petioles ; both have been reduced by A. Richard, I.e., to
C. Myxa L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 190. A plant collected by Hildebrandt,
n. 624, in July 1872 at Habab, in Abyssinia, reaching Vd ft. in height,
with edible fruit, which was identified with C. snhopposita DC. by
Yatke in Linnaja xliii. p. 315 (1882), belongs to C. rubra.

■2. C. subopposita DC. Prodr. ix. p. 480 (1845).

C. ovalis 1{, Br. in Salt Aby.ss. App. iv. p. Ixiv. (1814), name
only; non Hoch.st. nee Alph. DO. in DC, I.e., p. 479, C. myxa
Forsk. Fl. .iEgypt.-Arab. p. Ixiii. n. 136 (1775); non L. Cornv^
sanguined Forsk., I.e., p. 33, non L.

B.\ki;a de Benco. — A small tree, 7 to 10 ft. high ; trunk erect,
divaricately branched towards the apex : leaves subopposite, scabrous ;
flowers from whitish to slightly yellowish ; drupes orange-yellow, very
viscid. In dry hilly places amongst shrubs, in company with
CapparidejB and Ay/al/d ixgyptiaca O. Kuntze, var. inigolenais, between
Teba and Cacuaco ; fl. and fr. April and May 1854. Also plentiful
near Loanda. No. 5421.

LoAXDA. — A branched tree, 6 to 15 ft. high, Avith the habit re-
markably like that of some arborescent species of SolauKin ; branches
erect-spreading. In maritime thickets near Maianga d'El Rei, plenti-
ful ; fl. and young fr. beginning of April 1854. No. 5422. No notes.
In fl. No. 5468.

The following Nos. should be compared with this species : —

AMBiaz.— In fr. Nov. 1853. No. 5453.

Benguella. — sticks used for obtaining fire, June 1859. Coll.
Cakp. 756. This perhaps belongs to the Cordiu mentioned in
Welwitsch's diary, 18 June 1859, S.E. Benguella, as an arborescent
shrub with lanceolate leaves, occurring also at Loanda.

Mossamedes. — A small tree ; taking root as pitchers by fences in
gardens at Mossamedes ; fl.-bud and fr. July 1859. No. 4781.

3. C. pilosissima Baker in Kew Bull. 1894, p. 28.

BuMHO. — A small tree of 8 to 15 ft., very elegant, with a quite lax
head and flowers whitish-violet in colour. In open forests at the foot
of the mountains of Serra da Xella, near Bruco ; scarcely in full fl.
Oct. 1859. No. 4784.

4. C. chrysocarpa Baker in Kew Bull. 1894, p. 27.
GoLUNGo Ai>T().— A tree, 20 to 30 ft. high : fruit drupaceous,

grape-shaped, shining, yellow ; fruiting calyx hardened, ashy-green.
At the outskirts of the forest in the ascent to Capopa : fr. March
1856. No. 5461. A lovely tree. At Undelle ; fr. June 1856.
Probably this species. Coll. Carp. 753.

714 Lxxxvi. BOEAGiNE.E. [Cordia

5. C. longipes Baker in Kew Bull. 1894, p. 27.

GoLUNGo Alto. — A strong tree, 20 to 30 ft. high ; branches patent,
as well as the branchlets and leaves sometimes scattered, sometimes
ternate ; leaves very large, deciduous, very rough above, discolorous ;
calyx tubular, densely lepidote-tomentose outside, bursting at the
apex into 2 to 4 very unequal teeth, obscurely 10- to 12-furrowed ;
corolla sulphur in colour ; the tube exceeding the calyx ; the limb
rotate, 5- to 7-cleft ; the lobes soon reflected, obovate or oblong ;
stamens 5 or 6, inserted at the corolla-throat, alternate with the
lobes of the limb ; ovary ovoid-conical, acuminate at the apex,
alternate at the apex into the style ; style bipartite almost to the
base, the branches bifid to the middle, the branchlets thickened
upwards and stigmatose ; fruit drupaceous, grape-shaped, an inch long,
yellowish, ovoid-conical, mucronate at the apex, seated on the hardened
ashy cupuliform calyx. In primaeval forests among the mountains of
Sobato de Bumba, etc. ; in late fl., 19 Nov. 1855. No. 5428. Flowers
from whitish to yellowish ; fruit grape-shaped, yellow. At Undelle ;
fl.-bud, Feb. 1856. No. 5432. A tree of 20 to 25 ft. or usually a
small tree of 6 to 10 ft.; flowers yellow ; drupes like a cherry in size
and shape, sulphur-coloured, very viscid with a dense mucus, turgid,
monopyrenous by abortion ; seeds 2 or 3. In secondary woods near
Sange ; ripe fr. July 1857. Perhaps this species. Coll. Cakp. 764.

The following No., represented by a leafy shoot, should be
compared with this species : —

GoLUNGo Alto. — A moderate-sized tree, with the habit almost of
a Ficus, a dilated head, and spreading branches. In the forest at
N-delle ; without either fl. or fr. June 1855. No. 5456-

6. C. abyssinica R. Br. in Salt Abyss. App. iv. p. Ixiv (1814),
name with reference; A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, ii. p, 80 (1851).

Varronia abyssinica DC. Prodr. ix. p. 469 (1845).

Var. j8. acutifolia A. Rich., I.e.

GoLUNGO Alto. — A lofty tree, very ornamental in flower ; trunk
2 to 2| ft. in diameter at its base, usually ascending ; flowers white ;
calyx 10-ribbed, normally and unequally bursting at the apex ; corolla
funnel-shaped, very thin in texture, the limb somewhat 5-lobed, lobes
obcordate ; stamens 5, inserted at the middle of the corolla-tube ;
filaments from a broad base filiform above, bearded at the middle
with hyaline pilose hairs ; anthers incumbent, oblong-cordate, 2-ceUed,
the cells laterally dehiscent ; ovary free, surrounded with a tender
cupuliform membrane ; ovules few ; style elongated, bilobed above
the middle, the branches again divided, so that there are 4 ligulate
stigmas. At the banks of the river Quiapoze, rather rare ; fl. 17 May
1855. No. 5433.

The two following Nos., represented by leafy shoots or foliage
only, should be compared with this species and also with the
Kilimanjaro plant C. Holstii Giirke in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr., C,
p. 335, t. 41 (1895).

GoLUNGO Alto. — A small tree with the habit almost of Pcqiyrim
Jajjonica Poir., one of the plants called by the natives " Quibosa
Camuchito," that is, " Quibosa of the woods," a name which is applied
to various trees, shrubs, and even herbs, that serve for the manufacture
of ropes. Ban9a do Sobato de Quilombo ; without fl. or fr, Jan. 1855.

Cordia] Lxxxvi. bokaoink.k. 715-

No. 4791. Leaves of the young branch of the tree from which flowers
had been previously gathered. Roadway near Mussengue, at the foot
of the saltpetre cavern, Jan. 185G. No. 5462.

7. C. aurantiaca B.nker in Kew Bull. 1894, p. 26.

GoLUNCo Ai/ro. — An evergreen, much branched tree, 20 to 25 ft.
high ; inner bark very tenacious, textile ; leaves rather fleshy,,
subcoriaceous ; inflorescence ebracteolate ; calyx dusky-tomentose,
ribbed with 10 folds of which 5 are strongly prominent, tubular, but
little cleft at the apex, deeply crenate ; corolla saffron-yellow, salver-
shaped, embracing the germen at the bottom of the calyx about the
base ; the tube ribbed : the limb 5- or almost oftener O-cleft ; the
lobes oblong, pervaded with ;5 thick folds, more or less undulate at
the margin, produced at the apex into a subulate pilose appendage,,
convolute-plicate in asstivation, patent in flower, soon reflected ;
stamens 5 or (>, inserted a little below the corolla-throat, exserted ;
anthers cordate-oblong, dorsifi.xed, introrse, 2-celled, longitudinally
dehiscing ; ovary globose, free, subsessile, smooth ; style-branches
bifurcate ; stigmas 4, green, peltate-capitate, exserted ; drupe baccate,
monopyrenous, mostly 2-celled ; putamen rather bony ; seeds solitary.
In the less dense forests and at the banks of rivulets, near
Bango, Menha-Lula, etc., not plentiful ; fl. Dec. l8o4 and July 1855
No. 5430. A tree of 15 to 20 ft. with its trunk 6 to 9 in. in diameter
at the base (about the negro villages it is usually only a shrub of 8 to
10 ft., as it is in such places continually mutilated) ; branches erect-
spreading or patent, a little tortuous ; leaves coriaceous, rigid, ever-
green, dull green above, much paler beneath, the blade usually concave
and curved inwards beneath with the margin variously inflected ;
flowers in colour sulphur varying to orange ; calyx tubular, 10-ribbed,
folded between the ribs ; the limb short, 4- or 5-cleft ; corolla-limb'
5- to 7-cleft ; the lobes at the base longitudinally at the middle and
apex transversely plicate-wavy, with a long abrupt limp mucro at the
apex ; stamens 5 to 7, alternating with the corolla-lobes ; style filiform,
with two dichotomous branches ; stigmas 4, peltate, greenish ; drupe
sulphur in colour, as large as a hazel nut. At the outskirts of forests
nearly everywhere, but solitary and not in groups ; near Sange, Bango,.
the Luinha, etc. ; fl. June 185G. No. 5429. No notes ; fl. No. 54i56.
A tree of 20 to 25 ft., with yellow flowers and textile inner bark. At
Bango ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1855. Coll. Carp. 751. A tree of 15 to 20 ft.,
with very tenacious inner bark, intensely yellow-tawny flowers, and
the ripe capsules turning yellow. At Bango ; fr. Sept. 1855. Coll.
Carp. 752. Native name " Quibosa ia muchito."

This is apparently one of the species of Cordia referred to by
Welwitsch, Synopse Explic, p. 15, n. 35 (18G2), under the native
name of " Quibosa ia mugito," as trees of low elevation growing in the
dense forests of this district ; he states that the inner bark is frequently
utilised for making ropes : and on account of its great durability it
is highly valued by the natives. See also Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 225.

No. 5457 from Puxcio Andongo, without notes, is a poor specimen
in flower ; it should be compared with C. aurantiaca.

The following No. belongs apparently to an undescribed species
of Cordia : —

A small tree with a lax bead, 9 ft. high or a little more ;
branchlets somewhat angular and tawny, leafy, tomentose towards
the tips ; leaves broadly and irregularly oval or somewhat rhom-

716 LXXXVI. BORAGINE.E. [Oordicc

bold, shortly pointed at the apex, obtuse or scarcely rounded at
the base, very scabrid and not pubescent above, shortly hispid on
the reticulations beneath, 2 to 4 in. long by 1^ to 3^ in. broad,
rigidly sub-coriaceous ; petiole -Ho f in. long, scabrid; infructescence
opposite a subterminal leaf, lax, about 2 in. in diameter ; fruits few,
ovoid, rather obtusely pointed, nearly an inch long, received at its
base into the scabrid shoi'tly 5-cleft calyx which is about i in. long.
HuiLLA. — In wooded places at the large lake near MumpuUa,
sporadic ; fr. Oct. 1859. No. 4782.

2. EHRETIA Browne ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 840.

1. E. obtusifolia Hochst. in PI. Schimp. Abyss, ii. n. 652 {(/.i.,
1842), and ex Alph. DC. in DC. Prodr. ix. p. 507 (1845).

E. obovata R. Br. in Salt, Abyssinia, App. iv., p. Ixiv. (1814),
name only.

BuJiBO. — A shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high ; branches sparse, rambling,
virgate ; flowers gamopetalous, pentamerous, whitish ; fruit drupaceous,
red. In hot bushy wooded places between Quitive and Bumbo,
sparingly ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 4785.

Our plant differs from the type by the repand-crenulate margin
of the upper half of the leaves.

2. E. angolensis Baker in Kew Bull. 1894, p. 29.

Luanda. — Leaves coriaceous, glossy, pallid beneath, evergreen ;
flowers of a fine clear blue colour verging on violet ; calyx sub-cam-
panulate, 5-cleft beyond the middle ; corolla hypogynous, funnel-
shaped ; the limb 5-cleft, perpendicularly reflected ; stamens 5,
inserted on the corolla-tube ; anthers lanceolate-linear, exserted by
reason of the reflection of the corolla-limb ; ovary 4-celled ; ovules
solitary in the cells ; style bifid half way ; stigmas 2, flattened-capitate ;
berry 4-pyrenous, of a deep orange colour, as large as a rather small
pea, umbonate with the remains of the style ; pyrenes 2-celled, the
larger cell empty. In barren thickets about Loanda, Cacuaco,
Quifandongo, etc., plentiful ; fl. Oct. and Nov., fr. Jan. and Feb. ; fl.
again and soon fr. again. No. 5444. A shrub, 4 to G ft. high,
branched from the base ; flowers deep blue ; fruit drupaceous,
coriaceous. At Quicuxe ; fl. March 1859. No. 5463. A lovely shrub,
4 to 6 ft. high, with the habit more or less of a lilac ; leaves glossy,
evergreen ; flowers cymose, of a fine blue colour. In thickets ; fr.
Nov. 1853. Coll. Carp. 7(30.

LiBOXGo. — A shrub of 4 to 6 ft., with thinly coriaceous leaves, deep
and afterwards pale blue flowers, and scarlet fruit. In thickets about
Banza de Libongo, plentiful ; fl. Sept. 1858. No. 5446.

3. E. scrobiculata Hiern, .sp. n.

A small tree ; branches rambling, virgate, patent or nodding ;
branchlets subterete, inconspicuously striate, glabrescent ; leaves
alternate, oval or oval-ovate, cuspidate at the apex, rounded or
subcordate at the base, glabrous or nearly so, thinly coriaceous,
rather glossy, green on both faces, 5 to 6 in. long by 3 to 3^ in.
broad, entire ; lateral veins about 7 or 8 on each side of the
midrib, rather slender, narrowly depressed on the upper face, in
relief with a small pit in each axil on the lower face ; petiole | to
^ in. long ; flowers whitish, sessile subsessile or on short pedicels.

Bhretia] Lxxxvi. BORAcaNE.E. 717

arranged in terminal scorpioid spreading pilose-puberulous cymes
of 8 in. in diameter and 5 in. in length ; calyx hemisplierical,
y^TT in. long, puberulous, 5-cleft ; the lobes deltoid; corolla lu-oadly
funnel-shaped; the tube about equalling the calyx; the lobes of
the limb 5, oral-oblong, obtuse, about ?r in. long, reflected;
stamens 5, inserted at the corolla- throat between the lobes,
exserted, glabrous ; filaments 1 in. long ; anthers ^^ in. long ;
style glabx'ous, shortly bifid, -^^ in. long ; ovary ovoid, ,^',j in. long,
4-celled.

Prince's Island. — In a wooded place in the maritime part of the
island ; only one tree seen, and on this only one branchlet in fl., Sept.
1853. No. "5465.

This is related to E. cijmosa Thonn., but differs by larger and broad-
based leaves with pits in the axils of the lateral veins beneath.

3. COLDENIA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 841.
1. C. procumbens L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 125 (1753).

0. angolensis Welw. Apontam. p. 591, n. 104.

Barra do Dande. — In clayey-sandy and muddy places, flooded in
summer but dry at the time, about lakes on the right bank of the
river Dande, near Bumbo, plentiful ; fr. Sept. 1858. No. 5445.

Barra do Bengo. — An annual prostrate herb, bright green in the
living state ; leaves not so plicate as in specimens growing in dry
places ; flowers white. By pools in hilly places near Cacuaco ; fl. and
fr. March 1854. No. 5438.

LoANDA. — An annual herb, divaricately branched from the crown of
the root ; branches distichously ramulose, 2 to 4 ft. long, decumbent
or even adpressed to the ground ; leaves distichous, unequal-sided,
coarsely dentate, the nerves running out towards the sinuses between
the teeth ; corolla 4-cleft, white ; stamens 4. Plentiful but only in a
few places about drying-up pools, near Represa de Luis Gomes ; fl.
and fr. Nov. 1853 and April 1854. No. 5436. An annual, prostrate
herb, ashy-hoary with adpressed rigid white hairs ; leaves soft,
unequal-sided, obovate-olong, deeply crenate, almost crenate-lobulate :
flowers white, very fugacious, not uncommonly extra-axillary, of
various sizes on the same plant ; calyx and corolla always 4-cleft ;
corolla-lobes obtuse, somewhat spreading at the time of the flower ;
corolla whitish cream in colour, only in the middle of the branchlets
of the fully developed stem, almost shorter than the calyx or equally
long ; germen glabrous. In muddy dried-up parts of rain-pools near
Alto das Grazes, plentiful but only in a few spots, flowering from
April to July and again in Nov. and Dec. ; fl. and fr. May and July
1858 ; at Represa de Luis Gomes, fl. and fr. 14 July 185s. No. 5437.
In hot places about dried-up marshes, from "20 to 25 miles towards
the east from Loanda ; fr. Sept. 1858. Coll. Caup. 757.

4. HELIOTROPIUM Tournef., L. ; Benth. ct Hook. f. Gen. PI.
ii. p. 843.

1. H. supinum L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 130 (1753).
MossAMEDEs.— In saudy places by the banks of the river Bero,

plentiful ; not in full fl., Aug. 1859. 'No. 5286. An annual, prostrate,'
much-branched herb, green in the living state, quickly turning hoary
in drying ; flowers white. In rather dry places, in company with
species of Arthocnemum (Welw. herb. no. 6329) and Ileleoehloa

718 Lxxxvi. BORAGINE.E. [IMiotropium

schcenoides Host (herb. no. 2022), near San Joao de Caroca ; fl. 2 Sept.
1859. No. 5287.

2. H. anchusanthum Hiern, sp. n.

A silky -tomentose canescent herb, perennial or at least lasting-
for several years ; rhizome somewhat woody ; stems several, oblique
or ascending, divaricately branched, somewhat wiry ; leaves
alternate, oval or ovate, obtuse at the apex, often but not
always wedge-shaped at the base into the petiole, rather thickly
hei'baceous, entire or sxibrepand on the margin, ^ to 1 ^ in. long
by i to ^ m. broad ; lateral nerves about 3 on each side, not
conspicuous ; petioles ranging up to f in. long ; scorpioid spikes
axillary and sub-terminal, ranging up to 3^ in. long; flowers
large for the genus, subsessile, centripetal, i to | in. long,
contiguous ; calyx i to 4 in. long, oblong, mostly pentamerous,
hairy on both faces, densely so outside, the partitions lanceolate-
oblong, erect, connivent or cohering far up in flower, less so in
fruit, subobtuse or scarcely acute ; corolla pale yellow, cylindrical,
shortly exceeding the calyx ; the tube slightly tapering upwards,
pilose above on both faces ; the limb short, glabrous, plicate in
bud ; the folds 5, sinistrorsely convolute as seen from above ; the
lobes shallow, broad, rounded above ; anthers 5, lanceolate,
glabrous, about ^yV in. long, subsessile, inserted below the middle
of the corolla-tube ; pistil y\ (in flower) in. long, glabrous ; style
dilated at the apex into a depressed conical tip or stigma ; nutlets
(in one case) 3 with a fourth abortive one, obliquely ovoid, ^^ to
jV in. long.

MossAMEDES. — In rocky maritime places near Praia da Amelia,
sparingly ; fl. and fr. beginning of July 1859. No. 5296. On the
sandy heights of Porto de Pinda ; fl. and fr. 31 August 1859. No.
5295. Between Cabo Negro and Mossamedes, with luxuriant herbage ;
fl. 3 Sept. 1859. No. 5297.

This must be compared with JEZ. OUcerlanum Schinz in Verb. Bot.
Brandenb. xxx. p. 268 (1888), a species from the neighbourhood of
Walfisch Bay, the type of which I have not seen.

3. H. curassavicum L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 130 (1753).
Mossamedes. — A perennial, suffrutescent, widely caespitose herb ;

stems prostrate, as well as the leaves glaucous-green fleshy and rather
rigid ; flowers white, the corolla-limb more or less variegated with
purple and somewhat undulate. In muddy-sandy places about
brackish marshes near Aguadas, abundant ; fl. and fr. July 1859.
No. 5293. Succulent. At Aguadas ; fl. July 1859. No. 5435Z'.

4. H. undulatum Vahl, Symb. Bot. i. p. 13 (1790); J. A.
Schmidt, Beitr. Fl. Cap. Verd. Ins. p. 225 (1852).

Cape de Vekde Islands. — In sandy places on St. Vincent Island ;
fl. and fr. Jan. 1861. No. 5467.

5. H. ovalifolium Forsk. Fl. ^gypt.-Arab. p. 38 (1775).

H. Coromandelianum Retz, Fasc. Obs. Bot. ii. p. 9 (1781).
H. cinereum R. Br. in Salt, Abyss., App. iv., p. Ixiii. (1814).

Barka do Bexgo. — By dried-up marshes and by the river Bengo
near Santo Antonio, at Panda ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1853. No. 5443.

Heliotropium] Lxxxvi. boraginE/E. 719

IfOLO E Ben(;o. — In places flooded in summer near Funda ; fl. and
fr. Sept. 1857. No. 5435.

LoANDA. — Represa do Luis Gomes at Alto das Grazes ; fl. and fr.
Feb. 1854. No. 5439. Annual ; flowers whitish. In damp dryiug-up
places near Imbondeiro dos Lobos : fl. and fr. March 1858. No. 5442.
An erect, annual herb, with the habit of a Myos^ntis, branched from
the base ; primary stem straight, erect ; lateral branches ascending ;
flowers whitish. In nearly dried-up marshy places near Alto das
Gruzes, and at the margins of lakes (near Funda): plentiful; fl. and
fr. 14 April 1858. No. 5441. An annual herl), i)leasantly green in
the living state, quickly turning grey-hoary when dried ; stem
oblique ; branches spreading ; flowers white. ]3y drying-up pools
between Bemposta and Camama ; fl. and fr. July 1858. No. 5440.

Cazkngo. — An erect, hispid-scabrid, annual herb, with the habit of
an Eih[nosj)ermu)n, H to 8 ft. high ; flowers whitish. At the outskirts
of primseval forests near the banks of the river Luinha, but only in a
few spots : fl. and fr. end of Dec. 1854. No. 5447.

Mossamedes. — A decumbent-ascending, hoary herb, with white
flowers. In sandy maritime and hilly dry places at Praia da Amelia,
plentiful ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 5290. In the sandy bed of the
river Bero; fl. Aug. 1859. No. 5289. In gravelly places by the
banks of the river Bero ; fl. and fr. 14 June 1860. No. 5288.

6. H. strigosum Willd. Sp. PI. i. p. 743 (1797).

PcN'GO ANDONfiO. — An erect herb, with the aspect of an Echino-
spermum ; flowers from whitish to slightly yellowish. In the hot
parts of Pedras de Guinga, plentiful; fl. and fr. Jan. and March 1857.
No. 5451. An annual herb, 4 in. or scarcely a foot high, rather rigid,
of a pleasant bright green colour in the living state, at length turning
hoarj' in drying ; flowers whitish ; style apparently terminal. In
hot wooded rather sandy parts of Mutollo, by Pedras de Guinga,
in company with myosotis-like Rubiaceae ; fl. and fr. March 1857.
No. 6454. At Pedras de Guinga, Cuanza ; fl. and fr. No. 5455.

Mossamedes. — A shrublet, 1 to 2 ft. high ; stems numerous, woody
at the base, the wood remarkably yellow: epidermis whitish, separating
in flakes ; leaves linear, rather I'igid. In red-sandy rocky places at
the base of Serra de Montes Negros ; fl.-bud 10 Aug. 1859. No. 5299.
No notes ; in fl. No. 5298.

7. H. erosiim Lehm. in Neue Sch. Naturf. Ges. Halle, iii. 2,
p. 15 (1817).

Gai'k de Vekde Islands. — An annual herb ; stem erect or
usually ascending ; leaves pleasantly green ; flowers whitish or rarely
pale yellowish. In uncultivated rocky places about Gidade de Praia
in the island of St. Jago, plentiful ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1861. No. 5470-

This plant bears a very close resemblance to //. undulatum Vahl.

8. H. indicum L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 130 (1753).
HeJiophijtum indicum DC. Pi-odr. ix. p. 556 (1845) ; Wehv.

Apontam. p. 589, n. 65 (1859).

Li BONGO. — A pleasing herl), l}ut scentless, with deep green leaves
and whitish violet or quite violet-coloured flowers. About Banza de
Libongo, very plentiful ; fl. and fi-. Sept. 1858. No. 5458.

IcoLO E Bi-.NGO. — An erect herb, 3 ft. high, branched above. In
sandy moist places at the river Zenza near Tandambondo ; fl. and fr.
Sept. 1854. No. 5427.

Loanda. — An annual, much-branched herb of 2 to 4 ft., in shady

46

720 Lxxxvi. BORAGINE.E. [HeUotro2}iur,i

wooded places not uncommonly 5 ft. high and almost shrubby, or in
poor hot stations only 1 to 2 ft. ; branches and branchlets patent ;
flowers lilac, scentless. Plentiful, especially about dwellings and in
the city of Loanda itself (in the Bungo quarter), flowering and
fruiting nearly throughout the year ; July 1858. No. 5459.

Calumbo. — An annual, erect, branched herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, with
violet-coloured flowers. Between Camama and Calumbo ; fr. Aug.
1858. Coll. Carp. 758.

GoLUNGO Alto. — A herb, sometimes a foot high, in other cases
3 or even 4 ft., luxuriating with comparatively gigantic leaves. In
hot, dry, and also in damp places, plentiful everywhere by streets,
houses, etc., flowering nearly the whole vear ; at Sange, March 1855.
No. 5460.

Prince's Island. — On the sea-coast ; fl. Sept. 1853. No. 5464.

9. H. longiflorum Hochst. k, Steud. in PI. Schimp. Arab. w. 842
{U. i., 1837), and ex Alph. DO. in DC. Prodr. ix. p. 555 (1845).

MossAMEDES. — Flowers white. In sandy places at the banks of
the river Bero ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 5291. A suffrutescent,
patently branched, decumbent-erect herb, apparently annual : leaves
deep green, membranous, rather rough ; flowers white, in size and
shape like the Peruvian species, also sweetly redolent of Vanilla. In
reed-beds at the mouth of the river Giraiil, rather rare ; fl. and fr.
July 1859. No. 5294.

10. H. zeylanicum Lam. Encycl. Meth. iii. p. 94 (1789).

H. gracile E. Br. in. Salt, Abyss, App. iv., p. Ixiii (1814).
H. micranthu7n Welw. Apontam. p. 591, n. 98 (1859).

Ambriz.— At Ambriz ; in late fr. Nov. 1853. No. 5452.

IC()LO E Bengo. — In moist places flooded in summer, near Foto :
in late fr. Sept. 1857. No. 5434.

Luanda. — An erect, annual, herbaceous-green herb; flowers whitish;
calyx 5-partite to the base; corolla bulbous-urceolate; the limb 5-cleft;
the lobes subulate, spreading ; ovary 4-celled ; style terminal, com-
paratively elongated ; stigma urceolate-oblong, woolly-fimbriate at the
apex. By dried-up marshes near MutoUo and Cacuaco, rather rare ;
fl. and fr. April 1854. No. 6426. An annual, erect, deep green,
scopariously branched herb ; flowers whitish, turning rufous-dusky in
drying. In damp drying-up places after flooding, near Bemposta ;
fl. and fr. March 1858. No. 5424. A bright green, erect, annual
herb, a foot high ; leaves narrow ; spikes very slender, sub-erect ;
flowers very small, whitish. In grassy depressions flooded in summer,
between Penedo and Concei^ao ; fl. and fr. May 1858. No. 5425.

MossAMEDEi?. — Erect, annual ; flowers yellow. In sandy places at
the banks of the river Bero ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 5292.

5. BORRAGINOIDES Boerh. ex Ludw. Defin. Gen. PI., edit.
Boehmer, p. 18, n. 58 (1760).

Pollichia Medik. Bot. Beob. Jalir. 1783, p. 247 (1784); non
Schrank. Trichodesma Br. Prodr. p. 496 (1810) ; Benth. cl- Hook,
f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 845.

1. B. zeylanica.

Trichodesma zeylanicum Br., I.e. Pollichia, zeylanica, F. Muell.
Syst. Gens. p. 100 (1882). Boraginella zeylanica O. Kuntze, Rev.
Gen. PI. ii. p. 435 (1891).

Borraginoides] Lxxxvi. boragine/E. 721

HuiLLA. — A perennial herb ; stems several, oblique or nearly
erect ; flowers whitish blue. In rocky pastures amidst low bushes,
between Mumpulla and Nene, sparingly ; tt. Oct. 1859. No. 5301.

2. B. physaloides.

Frledriclisthalia phjjsalokles Fenzl, Nov. Stirp. 7 Dec, p. 54
(1839). Trichodesina 2}hi/salo ides Alph. DC. in DO. Prodr. x. p. 173
(1846). T. Amhacemis Welw. Apontam. p. 589, n. 73 (1859).
Boraginella amhacensis and B. physalodes O. Kuntze, I.e.

Am BACA. — A glaucescent herb, 2 to 3 ft. high : root perennial :
stems numerous, ascending, branched in a paniculate manner and
flowering above ; leaves very bright green, rough ; flowers of a very
deep clear blue colour, handsome, nodding ; calyx enlarged after the
flowering, vesicular-inflated ; fertile nucules (by abortion) 2, closely
connected, bearing down the aborting nutlets together with the style,
at length tumid and disk-like and concealing them, so that the style in
the ripe fruit is declinate at the base of the developed nutlets. In the
elevated wooded mountainous places at the north-west of the district,
near Puri-Cacarambola, plentiful ; fl. and fr. middle of Oct. 185(5, in
company with Mar.vca spurtioidcs ; Welw. herb. no. 4005. No. 5450.

Welwitsch strongly recommended this plant to the attention of horti-
culturists. A similar plant was collected at Caconda by Anchieta ; it
is called there " caf ucuto " (Ficalho ms.).

3. B. africana.

Borago africana L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 138 (1753). Pollichia
africana Medik., I.e., p. 248 ; J. A. Schmidt, Beitr. Fl. Cap. Verd.
Ins. p. 227 (1852). Trichodesma africanum R. Br. ex Roem. & Sch.
Syst. Veg. iv. p. 69 (1819). Bwaginella africana O. Kuntze, I.e.

MosSAMEiiES.— Leaves bright green ; corolla white, yellowish at the
bottom, the lobes of the limb acute. In sandy places at the banks of
the river Bero ; fl. and fr. beginning of July 185!) ; fr. beginning of
June 1860. A small-flowered form. No. 5303 and Coll. C\m\ 102.

Cape de Verde Islands.— Near Villa da Praia in the island of
St. Jago, plentiful ; fl. and fr. Jan. 18G1. No. 5471.

4. B. Medusa.

Trichodesma Medusa Baker in Kew Bull. 1894, p. 29.

HuiLLA. — A herb, probably annual, 4 ft. high, strongly branched,
with the habit of Ecltium ; stems several, leaves subcoriaceous, bright
green ; flowers clear blue ; nutlets 2 or 3, rarely 4. lu rather dry
thickets on the Humpata plateau, rather rare ; fl. 23 April I8i50. In
company with Franchetdla, arhtircm'ii.-i O. Kuntze, vai sk/injdiglla ;
Welw. herb. no. 2508. No. 5302-

The same plant was found by Anchieta at Caconda.

6. CYNOGLOSSUM Tourn., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pi. ii. 848.

1. C. lanceolatum Forsk. Fl. vEgypt.-Arab., p. 41 (1775').

LoANDA.— At Quicuxe ; fl. 7 Feb. 1859. No. 5448-

GoLUNCio Alto. — An erect, hispid, bright green, rather rigid, annual
or biennial herb, 2 to 4 ft. high, with the aspect also of an Echinu-
qiermum ; branches spreading ; flowers minute, milk-white ; calyx
5-cleft ; the lobes obtuse, hispid-ciliate ; corolla urceolate-infuiidibuli-
form ; the tube short, ample, dilated ; the segments of the limb
rounded-obtuse, flattened at the time of the flower ; the throat crowned

722 Lxxxvi. BORAGiNEyE. \Cynoglossum

with 5 gibbosities, which do not -close the wide throat; stamens
included ; anthers yellow ; ovary 4-lobed ; style simple, included,
seated at the base on a kind of quadrangular fleshly-inflated gynophore;
stigma subcapitate ; nutlets 4, distinct, depressed, densely echinate on
the dorsal angle, adnate to the base of the style. At the lower thickets
by the Ambaca road, fl. from Xov. to Jan., rather rare, Dec. 1855 ; also
in dense forests at the river Luinha : Sange, 21 Nov. 1855. No. 5449.
HuiLLA. — An erect, annual or biennial herb, 2 to ?>h ft. high, with
the habit of the genus ; stem thyr.soidly branched, as well as the leaves
softly pilose ; racemes mostly forked in terminal branchlets ; rachis
silky-pilose ; calyx obtusely 5-cleft : corolla tubular-funnel-shaped,
5-cleft ; the lobes of the limb white, obtuse ; the throat nearly closed,
as well as the tube violet-purple ; stamens inserted a little below the
throat, very short ; anthers yellowish, subconnate ; nutlets 4, globose,
hispidulous : style firm, short, rather thick : stigma broadly truncate.
In thickets and hot pastures, on hills near LopoUo, not abundant ;
fl. 10 Jan. 1860. No. 5300. An annual herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, erect,
branched ; flowers few, violet-coloured. In hot parts of forests at an
elevation of 5000 ft. ; near the Monino river, plentiful ; fr. Feb. 1860.
Coll. Carp. 75.

7. ECHIUM Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 863.

1. E. stenosiphon Webb in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 155. t. 15 (1849) ;
J. A. Schmidt, Fl. Cap. Yerd. Ins. p. 226 (1852).

Cape de VePvDE Islands. — In rocky maritime places in the island
of St. Vincent ; fl. Sept. 1853. No. 5469.

LXXXVII. CONVOLVULACE^.

The Convolvulaceae include plants wbich attract the attention
and admiration of the traveller on his first arrival on African
soil. Ipomoia biloha Forsk. abounds everywhere along the sea-
shore, and in the richest li;xuriance clothes with verdure the hot
sandhills ; it pushes along over the sands its purple-red stems,
which are not uncommonly 10 to 15 fathoms long, and which in
a short space of time are so luxuriantl)'' clothed with leaves and
clusters of flowers that often a single plant pi'oduces a bright
green oasis. /. stolonifera Gm., with its small whitish bell -shaped
flowers, occurs in like situations and frequently much closer to
the sea, so that it is often flooded with the tidal waters. An
Evolvulus, a Mei^emia, and a Seddera are found also in the
littoral region, and E. alsinoides L. is one of the most abundant
plants on the dry hills and sandy pastures of this region. Towards
the interior Convolvulacese occur more and more frequently in
the mountainous region, sometimes as weeds, sometimes forming
a pretty green edging to lakes and swamps, or adoi-ning with
their beautiful variously coloured flowers the bushes and trees
which overhang the rivers and streams, while in the highland
region they lose their climbing habit, and, as is the case with
many vines, they become erect shrubs ; an example of this latter
condition is seen in /. j}^'ismatosyphon Welw., which is plentiful
in Pungo Andongo, and forms one of the chief ornaments of the
plateaux of that district. Lepistemon occurs in Angola only in

IHchondrci] Lxxxvii. coNVOLVULACEiE. 723

the most northern part, between 7° and 9 ', and JJichondra only
in the southern part, about 15° S. lat.

Only three species of Cu scuta wei-e met with, one a mountain
plant at an elevation of 3000 to 4000 ft. ; the second a coast
plant between 15° and 16° S. lat. ; and the third is not repre-
sented in the herbarium ; this last has been apparently introduced
from Portugal with cultivated seeds or in the soil of flower-pots,
and it was noticed in November 18G0 as growing sparingly on
Impatiens Balsamina L. and on a large-leaved species of Ocimum,
both of which were in cultivation at Loanda ; it proved to be
C. Chrysocoma Welw.

The following are plants of economic iise : — 1. Ipoiwea Batatas
Poir. and /. digitata L. are cultivated in nearly all districts ; the
negroes eat also the leaves as spinach. 2. /. hiloha Foisk. might
be employed for consolidating sand-hills. 3. ,Ta^quemontia ovali-
folia Hallier f. is frequently eaten by the negroes like spinach,
and is very well flavoured. 4. Merremia angusti folia llallier f.
alfords good fodder for cattle, and during the dry winter season,
just where often no other green food is found, it occurs along
extensive tracts. 5. M. multisecta Hallier f. produces a substitute
for cottee.

Lepistemon africanum Oliv. only is deleterious ; it is met wdth
in the mountainous region, where it is covered with stinging hairs,
which make cattle avoid the pastures to the same extent as does
Casao^ao, Tragia cordifolia Benth. (Welw. herb. no. 381).

1. DICHONDRA Forst. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 879 ;
Hallier f. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvi. p. 569 (1893).

1. D. repens Forst. Char. Gen. p. 40, t. 20 (1776) ; Hall, f.. I.e.,
xviii. p. 82 (1893).

D. evolvidacea Britton in Mem. Torr. Club v. 268.
Yar. /3. sericea Choisy in DC. Prodr. ix. p. 451 (1845).

Bum P.O. — A herb, creeping far, in habit precisely resembhng
Uydrocotijle ; stem rooting at the nodes ; the whole plant clothed with
ashy silky hairs. In level fields after cultivation of Araclm hypogoea,
at the base of the mountains of Serra da Xella, especially about
Bumbo, plentiful ; fr. Oct. 1859. No. 626. A luxuriant specimen
growing with the last. No. 626fj.

2. EVOLVULUS L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 875 ;
Hall. f. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvi. p. 570 (1893).

1. E. nummularius L. Sp. PI. edit. 2, p. 391 (1762); Hall, f..
I.e., xviii. p. 85.

E. dichondroides Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. p. 117, t. 78.

HuiLLA. — A pi'ocumbent herb, rooting at the nodes, deep green,
rather fleshy, apparently annual ; corolla subrotate, thinly membranous,
milk-white, with ovate obtuse lobes ; stamens exserted in consetiuenoe
of the corolla-limb being rotate, but actually shorter than the limb ;
anthers and style-branches white ; capsule 2-celled, the cells 1- or
2-seeded. On dry hills by streams near LopoUo ; fl. and fr. 19 Feb.

724 LXXXVII. CONVOLVULACE/E. [Evolvulus

1860. Also in sunny sandy-muddy places at the Ivantala lake ; fl.
beginning of March 1860. No. 6136-

2. E. alsinoides L., I.e., p. 392 ; Hall, f., I.e. E. .sp. affin. E.
linifoUo L., Welw. Apontam. p. 589, n. 78 (1859).

Var. a. procumbens Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. ^thiop. p. 94 (1867).

LoANDA. — A very slender, annual herb ; branches ascending or
spreading horizontally ; flowers like a blue forget-me-not. On
herbaceous hills near Cacuaco, Forte S. Pedro, etc., plentiful ; fl.
March 1854. No. 6155. An elegant herb, much branched, annual or
very rarely biennial ; stems decumbent-prostrate, silvery-silky at the
apex, hirsute with hairs spreading in all directions ; peduncles 4-
bractate ; corolla clear blue, twice as long as the calyx. On sunny
grassy hills near Alto das Cruzes ; fl. and fr. May, June^ and beginning
of August 1854 and July 1858. No. 6156.

Ambaca.— In fields near N-gombe ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1856. No. 6161.

HuiLLA. — Flowers clear blue. In hilly pastures among low bushes,
near Catumba, not common ; fl. Dec. 1859 and end of March 1860.
No. 6255.

Var. /?. erectus Schweinf., I.e. ; Hall, f., Ic, p. 86.

PuNGo Andongo. — At the sandy margins of the forest near
Quisonde ; fr. March 1857. No. 6162.

Some of our forms of the var. a. 2>rocu)nbei/s are very hirsute and
agree with the var. riUosismna Fenzl in Kotschy exsicc. n. 371 ex
Dammer in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr., C, p. 328 (1895).

3. CRESSA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 881 ; Hall,
f. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvi. p. 571 (1893).

1. C. cretica L. Sp. PI., ed. 1, p. 223 (1753); Hall, f.. I.e., xviii. 87.

Benguella. — In maritime stations to the south of the city,
plentiful ; fl. June 1859. No. 6138.

MossAMEDE.s. — A perennial, white-felted herb ; flowers whitish, at
length dusky. In brackish sandy places about the mouth of the river
Giraiil, in company with Arthroairmum, sadly clothing large tracts,
not uncommonly deeply buried in the sand ; fl. and fr. 19 July 1859.
No. 6139. A low, glaucous-tomentose or shaggy, perennial herb, with
white flowers. In brackish wet places near Mossamedes ; fr. July
1859. Coll. Carp. 785. In swampy places at Aguadas near Vil.
Mossamedes, plentiful, July 1859 ; also in pastures flooded in the
rainy season between Quipola and Mata dos Carpenteiros, without fl.
August 1859. A form with pointed leaves. No. 6137.

4. SEDDERA Hochst. in Flora xxvii., Bes. Beil. p. 7, t. 5
(1844) ; Hall. f. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvi. p. 572 (1893).

Breweria Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 876 part, non R. Br.

1. S. Welwitschii Hall, f., I.e., xviii. p. 88 (1893).

LcMNDA. — An apparently annual herb, much branched from the
base ; stem and branches prostrate ; flowers white. About jjools near
Bemposta among rather low bushes, sparingly ; fl. and fr. June 1858.
No. 6151. In herbaceous places about Quicuxe and MutoUo ; fl. end
of April 1854. No. 6152. A slender shrublet, apparently perennial,
or at least persisting for several years ; stem elongated : calyx and
corolla almost as in Evolvuha^, but the styles 2, simple, with capitate
stigmas, exceeding the sub-included stamens ; corolla funnel-shaped,

Sed(Je7'a\ lxxxvii. convolvulace.e. 725

milk-white ; filaments and anthers also the pollen white. In bushy
rocky sandy places near Maianga do Povo, rare ; fl. and fr. end oi
Feb. 1858. No. 6153. A persisccnt herb : rootstock thick, woody :
stems several, 2 to 4 feet long, decumbent, slender, rather rigidly
flexible ; corolla campanulate, silky-hirsute outside, especially at the
back of the lobes ; stamens included ; stigmas clavate-capitate ; ovary
2 i;elled, the cells 4-ovulate. At the margins of dried-up pools near
Quicuxe, rather rare and usually solitary : H. and fr. 7 Feb. 185'J.
No. 6154.

A^ar. Bakeri.

Ureweria microcephala B;iker in Kew Bull. 1894, p. 68. S.
Welwitschii, var., Hall. f. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. v. p. 1009 (1897).

Li BONGO. — A perenn'al or at least a biennial herb ; rootstock giving
off numerous oblique stems ; flowers whitish. In hilly places amoni^
short grass, between the rivers Lifune and Dande ; fl. end of Nov.

1853. No. 6159.

Icoi.o E Bi'.Ncid. — A decumbent, bright green herb; root perennial,
woody. On dry hills with short herbage near Funda ; after the fall
of the fl. end of Sept. 1858. No. 6158.

LoANDA.— In hilly elevated grassy places near MutoUo ; fr. Ma}

1854. No. 6157.

2. S. sufFruticosa Hall. f. in Engl. Bot. Jalirb. xviU. p. 88 (1893).

Brev^eria suffruticosa Scliinz in Verli. Bot. Brandenb. xxx.
p. 275 (29 Sept. 1888). Convolvulus mucronatus Engl. Bot. Jahrb.
X. p. 246 (18 Oct. 1888). iS. mucroiuita Hull, f., l.c, B. sessilijioru
Baker in Kew Bull. 1894, p. 68. B. baccharoides Baker, l.c.

Var. hirsutissima Hall. f. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. vi. p. 531
(4 July 1898). B. conglomerata Baker, l.c.

Luanda and Bakra df, Dande. — A herb, apparently enduring for
several years, although hardly perennial ; rootstock many-headed :
blanches from the base of the very short stem divaricate, ascending,
sometimes short, sometimes virgate and elongated, as well as the
leaves and flowers rufous-hirsute. On rather dry hilly ground near
Cacuaco one specimen, and near Barra de Dande two specimens ; f..
and fr. end of Nov. 1853. No. 6160.

5. JACaUEMONTIA Choisy ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii.
p. 874 ; Hall. f. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvi. p. 578 (1893).

1. J. capitata G. Don, Gen. Syst. iv. p. 283 (1837); Hall. f..
I.e., xviii. p. 95 (1893).

Convolvulus capitatus Desrouss. in Lam. Encycl. Metli. iii.
p. 554 (1789). Ipovima capitata Choisy in DC. Prodr. ix. p. 365.

Ambriz. — Quizembo, Mossul ; fr. without foliage. No. 6217.

Bakra do Bengo. — An annual, but little branched herl), sometimes
erect and twining, in other cases decumbent and climbing ; corolla
clear bluish. On a dry hill near Mutollo, plentiful, but seen nowhere
else in the district ; fl. and fr. ]May 1854. No. 6215-

Goi.UNGo Alto. — An annual herb ; stem patently branched at the
bise : the lower branches decumbent, the upper ones twining and
climbing ; flowers pale blue, nearly milk-white, very fugacious ; on
declivities in Sobato de Bumba, looking towards the river Zenza,
sparingly ; fl. Sept. 1855. A herb, apparently perennial, running out
far and widely ; stems numerous ; flowers reddish. In hot sparingly

726 Lxxxvii. coNvoLVULACEiE. [Jcicquemontia

grassy places near Quibolo ; fl. July 1856. No. 6216. An annual,
twining, simple, prostrate herb, with small bluish flowers. On hills
amidst plants of Punka Granatum L. and species of FeiniisetuiK, but
only in a few spots ; fl. and fr. end of April 185G. No. 6218.

2. J. ovalifolia Hall, f., I.e., p. 96.

Ipommi ovalifolia Choisy in Mem. See. Phys. Geneve, vi. p. 449
(1834); Benth. & Hook. Niger Fl. p. 466 (1849). /. oleracea
Welw. Apontam. p. 589, n. 74 (1859); Ficalho, PL Uteis, p. 231.

LoANDA. — An annual or biennial herb ; stems numerous, branched
from the base : branches elongated, ascending, somewhat ramulose ;
leaves rather fleshy, glaucescent-green, soft and almost greasy to the
touch ; flowers pale blue ; corolla-lobes 6, obtuse, mucronate ; anthers
ovoid, white : style simple, or cleft from the middle with erect
branches and oblong wedge-shaped stigmas, or simple up to the apex
with a bilobed stigma and oblong-spathulate never globose lobes. At
the margins of pools and in other moist places and even in dry stations
behind Loanda ; fl. and fr. June and July 1858. In moist herbaceous
places at Museque do Senhor Ricardo, plentiful ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1854.
At Represa do Manoel Pereira Van Huunen ; fl. and fr. July 1854.
A luxuriant specimen 6 ft. long ; at Represa do Imbondeiro dos
Lobos ; fl. and fr. beginning of August 1858. The boiled or fried
plant, especially when eaten with fish, serves as an agreeable vegetable.
The natives call it " Bumba Riala." No. 6252.

Mos.^AMEDEs. — An edible herb, with rather fleshy leaves and white-
bluish flowers. In moist sandy places at the banks of the river Bero
(Rio das mortes) ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 6121.

The pollen is without spines.

6. CONVOLVULUS Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI.
ii. p. 874, partly ; Hall. f. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvi. p. 579 (1893).

1. C. sagittatus Thunb. Prodr. PI. Cap. i. p. 35 (1794); Hall,
f., I.e., xviii. p. 103 (1893).

Ambaca. — A herb, scarcely annual : root many-headed ; branches
sarmentose, virgate, prostrate, spreading in a circle. Amid low bushes
and in the drier pastures between Engombe and Puri-Cacaramhola,
rather rare ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1856. No. 6204.

Yar. grandiflorus Hall. f. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. vi. p. 533.

Subvar. subcordata Hall, f., I.e., p. 534.

C. Steudneri Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. p. 350 (1892) ; Hall, f.. I.e.,
p. 104 (1893). C. angolensis Baker in Kew Bull. 1894, p. 67.
Ipxmiaa huillensis Baker, I.e., p. 70.

HuiLLA.— At Ferrao da Sola : fr. May 1860. No. 6131.

The following No. probably belongs to this species ; the pollen
is smooth : —

HuiLLA. — Flowers from whitish to slightly purple or violet-
coloured. In bushy pastures at Catumba ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859.
No. 6116.

7. SHUTEREIA Choisy in Mem. Soe. Phys. Geneve vi. p. 485
(1834) : non Shuteria Wight & Arn. (1834).

Sanilum Rafin. Fl. Tellur. iv. p. 70 (1836). Kethosia Rafin.,

Shutereia'] Lxxxvir. convolvulace.e. 727

I.e., p. 78. Ileivittla Wight (1837) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii.
p. 873 ; Hall. f. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvi. p. 581 (1893).

1. S. bieolor Choisy, I.e., p. 486.

Convolvulus siihbhatHsl J. f. Suppl. PI. p. 135 (1781). C. hractea-
tus Valil, Symb. iii. p. 25 (1794). C. bieolor VrJil, I.e. Ilenrittia
6ico/w Wight in Madr. Joui-n, Sc, .ser. l,v. p. 22(1837). H.suh-
lobata O. Kuntze, Ptev. Gen. PJ. ii. p. 441 (1891); Hall, f., I.e.,
xviii. p. 111. Ipomaa bengicelensis Baker in Kew Bull. 1894, p. 69.

LoANDA. — A perennial, bright green, densely leafy herb, climbing
far and widely ; flowers twice as large as in Tlninberg/a alaUi, deep
orange in colour, violet purple at the bottom of the tube. In fields at
Loanda, March 1854. Coll. Caki>. 761.

GoLUNco Ai/ro.— A sarmentose- twining herb, quite like a Thunherr/ia
in habit ; calyx herbaceous-green, the outer sepals larger than the
rest ; corolla sulphur in colour, atropurpureous inside at the base
especially about the insertion of the stamens ; stigma capitate. On the
lower thickets and on reed-beds ; also rarely on the ground, principally
in Sobato de Bumba ; fl. and fr. July 185.5. No. 6225. A perennial,
twining herb, chmbing widely but not high : flowers capitate-involucrate ;
corolla very fugacious : the young ones shortly campanulate, sulphur-
jellow, dark purple at the base inside ; the limb ;j-crenate. 5-plicate ;
the folds longitudinally pilose-bearded ; the beard long, prominent as
pencils at the tips of the folds : anthers violet-coloured, comparatively
large, thick, curved ; stigma capitate-bilobed, the lobes almost totally
separate. In bushy woods, climbing on Manhiot, wild ; near N-delle.
few fl. middle of April 1856 ; Moangue N-delle ; fl. May 1856. No. 6221.

Ambaca. — Corolla funnel-shaped, pale sulphur in colour, dark purple
inside at the bottom ; the limb rugose-crispulate, 5-plicate ; one
stamen constantly higher than the rest ; anthers white ; stigma bicapi-
tellate, the capitellaj white, ovoid ; the old ones furrowed above,
diverging at an obtuse angle; capsule 4-furrowed, pilose. In the lower
thickets and in rather dry sparingly grassy places near the banks of the
river Coango and near Quibixe : fl. and young fr. Aug. 1856. No. 6224.

BuMiio. — In thickets between Quitive and Bumbo ; fr. Oct 1859.
No. 6127.

8. MERREMIA Denn,st. Schliiss. Hort. Malab. p. 34 (1818);
Hall. f. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvi. p. 581 (1893).

Ipomaa Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 870, partly. Con-
volvulus Benth. & Hook, f., I.e., p. 874, partly.

1. M. pterygocaulos Hall, f., I.e., xviii. p. 113 (22 Dec. 1893).

Convolvulus pteryyoeaulos Steud. in PI. Schimp. Abyss, ii. n. 630
{U. %., 1842). Ipoimea pterygocaulos Choisy in DC. Prodr. ix. 381.

GoLUNOO Alto. — Stem acutely and broadly winged, widely climbing ;
flowers campanulate, white. In bushy places at the rivulet Cuango,
near Canguerasange ; fl. Oct. 1854. No. 6164. Stem twining, climbing
high, fleshy, 3-winged : the wings broad, reddish ; corolla campanulate.
snow-white, coloured inside with a purplish ring which forms a belt
above the insertion of the stamens and radiates ui)wards. By
thickets and in reed-beds near Bango and Sange, rather rare ; and more
plentifully at the base of the Queta mountains ; fl. June and July 1855.
No. 6143. At Sange ; fl. and fr. June 1856. No. 6165-

The pollen is globose and not spiny.

728 Lxxxvii. CONVOLVULACE.E. [Merremia

Var. (?) chrysantha Hiern.

A perennial hei-b, climbing far and widely ; stem very thin,
flexuous, broadly three-winged ; flowers large, of a sulphur or
rarely of a whitish yellow colour, handsome ; fruit about i in. in
diameter ; seeds mostly with one curved face and two flaib faces,
minutely lepidote-puberulous, otherwise glabrous along the
squamulose-puberulous angles, about i in. long by \ in. thick.

GoLUXGO Alto.— At the base of the Alto Queta mountains ; fr.
Aug. 1855. Coll. Carp. 769. At Sange ; fr. Aug. 1855. A plant
with rather smaller fruits and more puberulous seeds, perhaps distinct.
Coll. Carp. 768.

2. M. umbellata Hall, f.. I.e., p. 114.

Iporiuea umhellata G. F. W. Meyer, Prim. Fl. E.sseq. p. 99 (1818).

PitiNCE's Island.— In the lower thickets : fl. Sept. 1853. The pollen
grains are globose and nodulose, not spiny. No. 6210. In fl. ; Sept.
1853. In the study set a flower has a funnel-shaped corolla 2 in. long.
A poor specimen, perhaps not belonging to this species. No. 6211.

3. M. spongiosa Rendle in Journ. Bot. xxxii. p. 179 (1894).
Ipomijea spongiosa Rendle, I.e.. I. uliginosa Welw. ex Rendle, I.e.
PUNGO Andongo.— In fl. No. 61695 (= 6196?0- Flowers whitish

with a rosy tinge, plumose-hirsute. In swampy parts of Mutollo, in
company with Sehrki ; fl. Jan. 1857. A prostrate herb, with a vertical
cylindrical root, and erect secund linear leaves narrower than in the
type. No. 6169. Fr. Dec. 1856. Doubtfully referred here. Cull.
Carp. 774.

4. M. quercifoliaHall.f. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xviii. p. 114 (1893).
PUNGO AxDONGu. — Flowers large, orange-yellow, variegated, atro-

purpureous at the bottom. In sandy thickets near Quitage, at the
river Cuije ; fl. March 1857. No. 6172.

5. M. multisecta Hall., f.. I.e., p. 115.

MossAMEDES. — A perennial, copiously lactescent herb, branched
from the base ; stems several, prostrate, 2 to 3 ft. long, cylindrical,
rigid, purplish ; leaves fleshy, very rigid and brittle, pedatifid-laciniate ;
peduncles axillary, 1- or 2-flowered, three times as long as the petiole,
bibracteolate ; capsule spherical, somewhat bisulcate, ^-celled, the
cells 1- or very rarely 2-seeded, crowned with the filiform shortly
bilobed style ; seeds large in proportion to the capsule, plano-convex,
smooth. In sandy maritime stations between Mossamedes and Cabo
Negro, not uncommon ; fr. beginning of July 1859. No. 6112. A
lactescent, perennial herb ; roots sinuous, stems prostrate ; leaves like
those of a Geranium or Pelargonium. At Praia da Amelia, near
Mossamedes ; fr. July 859. Coll. Carp. 29.

In company with this plant grew ZygophyUum simphx L. (Welw.
herb. no. 1573) and Caucalis rnossamedensis Welw. herb. no. 2500, in
Sept. 1859 among gravelly hills towards the mouth of the river Caroca.
Cu.scuta planifulia Ten., var. mossamedensis (Welw. herb. no. 6141)
grew upon this herb. In the study set a fasciated branch exists. The
seeds are used as coffee.

6. M. pentaphylla Hall, f.. I.e., p. 115.

Ipomaxi cegijptia L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 162 (1753). Convolvulus
p>entapliylhis L. Sp. PI., edit. 2, p. 223 (1762).

Men'emiii] lxxxvii. convoiatlace.e. 729

MOSSAMEDES. — An annual, twining: herb, with campanuhite-funnel-
shaped, whitish, comparatively large ilowers. In sandy thickets at the
river (Jiraul, rather rare ; fl. July 1859. No. 6118.

7. M. tridentata irall. f., I.e., p. 116.

Convolvulus tridavhdus L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 157 (1753).
Ipoimea tridentuta Koth in Romer, Ax'chiv. Bot. i. 3, p. 3S (1798) ;
Ohois. in DO. Prodr. ix. p. 353 (1845).

PuxGO Andonco. — At the sandy banks of the river Cuauza, near
Condo ; fl. 13 March 1857. No. 6190.

The pollen is without spines.

cS. M. angustifolia Hall, f., I.e., p. 117.

rpoiiKra aii(justiJofl(( Jacq. Collect. Bot. ii. ji. 3G7 (1788). /.
filicaulis E. Mey. in Kloni 1843, Bell. p. 159, under n. 34 ; non Bl.

Var. /?. ambigua Hall, f., I.e.

Convolvulus filicaulis Y-a\\\, Symb. Bot. iii. p. 24 (1794). Ipomaa
filicaulis Chois. in DO. Prodr. ix. p. 353 (1845), partly; non Bl.

Luanda. — A prostrate herb ; root long, woody, perennial ; the
numerous stems and the branches very slender, elongate-virgate,
3 to 8 ft. long, procumbent ; leaves narrowly linear, li in. long, sub-
sessile, hastate-auriculate at the base on both sides ; auricles acutely
bifid, Ilowers h to § in. long, funnel-shaped, pale yellow. In fields and
dry uncultivated places throughout the district, plentiful, occurring
during the whole year and usually in flower ; fl. and fr. No. 6246. In
fields at Morro das Lagostas ; fl. and fr. No. 6247. Perennial ; stem
prostrate ; runners very long, decumbent ; leaves linear-lanceolate,
hastate ; flowers small, sulphur-coloured ; fr. March 1854. Coi.l.
Carp. 762.

Amuaca. — In bushy hilly places on the left bank of the river
Caringa, fr. June 1855 : also in flat sterile places about Ngombe,
fr. Oct. 1856. A riparian plant. No. 6203.

Huii.LA. — Fl. and fr. Apparently this species. No. 6122.

This plant, although very tender, is of gi'eat economic use, and
furnishes very agreeable fodder for sheep and such-like animals ;
during the dry and barren winter season, from June to September,
many domestic animals are fed almost exclusively upon it.

The pollen is without spines.

9. M. convolvulacea Dennst. SchlUss. Hort. Malab. p. 34 (1818).
Evolvulus hederaceus Burin, f. Fl. Ind. p. 77, t. 30, fig. 2 (17G8).

M. liederaeea Hall, f., I.e., p. 118.

HuiLLA. — In rocky places at Sambos Morro : fl.-bud Dec. 1859.
Doubtfully referred to the above species. No. 6110.

10. M. emarginata Hall, f., I.e., p. 118.

Evolvidus emarginatus Burm. f. Fl. Ind. p. 77, t. 30, f. 1 (1768).
E. Gkchoma Wehv. Apontam. p. 589, n. 64 (1859). Of. Falkia
angolensis Wehv. in Bol. Conselho Ultramar. Lisboa, no. 7, p. 81,
n. 29 (August 1854).

LoAXT^A. — A perennial, prostrate herb, with the habit of Fitlkiu •
branches sarmentose, rooting ; calyx 5-sepalous ; the three inner
segments oblong-obcordate, with a long ciliate fringe at the apex ;
corolla tubular-campanulate, yellow ; capsule 2-celled, the cells
1-seeded. In wooded places nearly dried up after flooding, near

730 Lxxxvii. CONVOLVULACE^. [Merremia

Quicuxe ; fr. March 1854. No. , 6149. A prostrate apparently
perennial herb ; stems purple ; leaves almost like those of an ivy ;
flowers sessile ; calyx fringed ; corolla yellow. In fields near Quicuxe;
fr. June 1858. Coll. Cakp. 784. A perennial herb ; root very long,
becoming woody in old age ; stems prostrate, frequently rooting at the
nodes ; sepals at length rosy-red, the inner ones broadly obcordate,
ciliate-fimbriate ; corolla tubular-campanulate, deep yellow almost
orange-coloured ; the tube reddish outside, red-striate inside ; style
solitary, elongated, ending in two closely connate capitate stigmas (or
in one bicapitate stigma) ; capsule at length rosy-red. In flooded places
near Imbondeiro dos Lobos ; fl. and fr. 8 June 1858. No. 6150.
The pollen is spherical and not spinose.

9. OPERCULINA Silva Manso, Enum. Sukst. Braz.p. 16 (1836) ;
Hall. f. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvi. p. 582 (1893).

Ipomcea Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 870, partly.

1. 0. tuberosa Meissn. in Mart. El. Bras. vii. p. 212 (1869);
Hall, f., ^.c.xviii. p. 119 (1893).

Ipomcea tuberosa L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 160 (1753). /. hentro-
caulos C. B. CI. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. p. 213 (1883).
/. Mendesii Welw. Apontam. p. 584, n. 12 (1859).

Benguella (and Loaxda). — A shrubby twining herb or strong
shrub, extensively climbing to a great height, flowering twice in each
year ; sap milky ; branches cylindrical, smooth, leaves deep green, not
glossy, the nervation of their lobes impressed above, in relief beneath ;
flowers tubular-campanulate or funnel-shaped, golden-yellow, paler
outside ; sepals variable in shape, occasionally somewhat acuminate,
generally obtuse, sometimes even sub-emarginate ; corolla-tube
pentagonal about the middle gradually ending in the 5-plicate 10-
crenate limb ; 3 of the stamens much taller than the other 2 ; ovary
2-celled, the cells '2-ovulate ; stigma bicapitellate, golden in colour ;
capsule 2-celled, as large as a large walnut or as a moderate-sized
hazel-nut or as a pigeon's egg, ellipsoidal-globose, blunt at the apex, by
abortion usually 2-seeded ; seeds large, quite black, quasi-velvety with
thin closely adpressed very black hairs, ovoid, triangular on the outer
ventricose face, flat on the other faces, obliquely truncate at the base ;
the angles densely clothed with spreading not adpressed black hairs ;
the septum of the ripe capsule usually very thin or partly obsolete, so
that ,the capsule seems unilocular ; fruiting sepals 1 J in. long, con-
cealing the capsule. In thickets in Benguella, whence it was introduced
into Loanda gardens in 185(3 by Dr. Mendes Alfonso ; fl. and fr. in his
garden May 1858. No. 6254. At Loanda; fr. July 1858. Coll. Carp. 766.

GoLUXCio Alto. — A shrub, climbing high and widely ; leaves and
flowers handsome. At the outskirts of the primitive forest in Sobato
de Mussengue ; seeds from a plant cultivated at Loanda, Oct. 1858
and June 1860. Coll. Carp. 132.

2. 0. kentrocaulos Hall, f., I.e.

Convolvulus hentrocaulos Steud. in PI. Sohimp. Abyss, ii. n, 800
{U. i. 1842), and ex Clioisy in DC. Prodr. ix. p. 362 (1845).
Ipomcea tuberosa A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 67 (1851); non L.

Golungo Alto. — A herb, apparently perennial, climbing very
extensively and to a great height over thickets and upon trees,
ornamenting the borders of the forests with its numberless sulphur-

02)erculina] lxxxvii. convolvulace/E. 731

coloured flowers which are open from 10 a.m. to .'{ p.m. Roadway
leading to Menha-Lula, at the outskirts of the forest and in thickets
which luxuriate in places neglected after cultivation, plentiful ; fl. and
fr. beginning of June 1855. No. 6167. A twining undershrub,
climbing far and high : flowers very crowded, of a deep sulphur-yellow
colour, red at the bottom. By thickets near the borders of the forest,
plentiful, at the banks of the rivar Coango : fl. and fr. July 1855, and
in Sobato Mussengue, fr. Aug. 1855. No. 6168 and Coll. O.vhi'. 767.
Puxco Andoxgo.— At Calundo ; fl. May 1H57. No. 6166.

10. LEPISTEMON Blume; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii.
p. 873 ; Hall. f. in. Kngl. Bot. Jahrb. xvi. p. 583 (1893).

Lejndostemon llassk. ('at. Hort. Bog. Alt. p. 140 (1844).

1. L. africanum Oliv. in Hook. Ic. PI. xiii. p. 54, t. 1270
(1878); Hall, f., I.e., xviii. p. 123 (1893).

Ipomoea owariensis P. Beauv. Fl. Owar. ii. p. 41, t. 82 (1818?).

GoLUNGO Alto. — A twining, very widely climbing, annual and
triennial herb, beset throughout except the corolla with stinging
pilose hairs; calyx 5-clcft, ventricose; corolla milk-white, salver-shajjed
constricted at the throat ; the tube ventricose ; the limb spreading,
pentagonal ; stamens 5, inserted at the back of large concave connivent
scales which are pilose outside and cover the ovary, included ; anthers
sagittate, large, 2-celled, introrse, dehiscing longitudinally ; ovary
surrounded by a tall rather fleshy truncate cup, sessile, ovoid,
appreciably narrowed into the style : style rather thick, gradually
attenuate, crowned with the large capituliform stigma, at the time of
the flower occupying the centre of the staminal scales and exserted
while the remaining parts of the ovary are covered by these scales ;
ovary 4-celled, the cells uni-ovulate. At the outskirts of forests and
in reedy thickets, plentiful and almost everywhere, in Sobato de
Bumba and in Mussengue ; fl. and young fr. May 1855. No. 6145-
A powerfully stinging herb, with white salver-shaped flowers. By
reedy thickets near Cacarambola ; fl. June 1856. No. 6145/'. A
climbing twining stinging herb ; fr. June 1857. CoLi^. Cakt. 782.
A persisting herb ; root tuberous ; stem long, twining, beset with
stinging hairs. At the margins of forests in Sobato de Bumba ;
fr. beginning of Sept. 1855. Coll. Carp. 780. A twining, widely
climbing herb, beset with itching hairs ; flowers white, subcam-
panulate. At the outskirts of forests in Sobato de Mussengue : ripe
fr. middle of Sept. 185G. Coll. Carp. 781.

11. IPOMCEA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 870, partly ;
Hall. f. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvi. p. 583 (1893).

1. I. geminiflora Wehv. Apontam. p. 590, n. 79 (1859) ; Kendle
in Journ. Bot. xxxii. p. 174 (1894).

LoANDA.— An annual herb, branched from the base : branches
elongate virgate, prostrate, scarcely twining, hirsute and reddish at the
apex ; leaves glaucous, cordate-ovate, hastate-auriculate, slightly fleshy ;
peduncles axillary, in pairs, bracteolate at the base, deflected in fruit ;
calyx red-glandular ; unexpanded corolla sulphur-coloured, but little
or hardly exceeding the calyx ; filaments inserted at the base of the
corolla-tube, naked : anthers nearly triangular, 1 or 2 without pollen ;
ovary ellipsoidal-conical, girt at the base with a high discoid ring,
2-celled, the cells biovulate ; .style solitary, firm, rather short, crowned

732 LXXXVII. CONVOLVULACEJi. [Ip077lcea

with the bicapitellate stigma. In -flooded places, drying up, near
Imbondeiro dos Lobos, very rare ; fr. and very few fl. 8 June 1858.
No. 6235 (partly).

GoLUNGO Alto. — No notes. In fl. and fr. No. 6235 (partly).

2. I. eriocarpa R. Br. Prodr. p. 484 (1810).

Convolvulus hispidus Vahl, Symb. Bot. iii. p. 29 (1794).
/. hispida Eoem. & Schultes, Syst. Veg. iv. p. 238 (1819); Hall,
f., I.e., p. 123, partly.

GoLUNGo Alto. — Corolla pale rosy, marked within with purple
lines. At the Perreira stream ; fl. 15 May 1855. There is in the
study set a flower, 1 in. long, H in. in diameter, with obtuse sepals and
tubular-funnel-shaped corolla-tube, apparently belonging to a diff'erent
species. No. 6144. A prostrate herb, with long sarmentose branches
and sordidly whitish flowers. On the more elevated slopes of the
Queta mountains amongst sparse herbage ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1855.
No. 6231. A herb, apparently annual, running far along the ground
amongst other herbs, stoloniferous and whip-like, sometimes climbing
extensively ; flowers pale blue, tubular-campanulate, the limb nearly
erect. By fences and the lower thickets near Canaulo on the Ambaca
road ; fl. May 1856. The specimens stained paper brown. No. 6232.
A twining herb, annual or triennial ; leaves exceedingly variable in
shape, often heteromorphous in one and the same individual plant ;
flowers small, campanulate, sometimes white, sometimes red ; by
thickets near the banks of the river Delamboa ; fl. and fr. June 1856.
No. 6196. Sepals very unequal ; corolla milk or rarely violet red,
funnel-shaped ; the lobes of the limb broad, sub-repand on the margin,
obtuse, sometimes keeled on the back, tipped with a very short pencil
of slender hairs ; stamens inserted at the base of the corolla-tube,
included ; filaments unequal in length, bearded at the base, com-
paratively large, white : ovary conical, hirsute, girt at the base with
the thin disk ; stigma capitate-bilobed, scarcely exceeding the stamens.
Near the banks of the Delamboa ; fl. June 1853, also at Bango (corolla
violet-coloured, small, with an erect limb), June 1856. No. 6233.

3. I. cynanchifolia C. B. CI. in Hook. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. p. 208
(1883), partly; Hall. f. in. Bull. Herb. Boiss. vi. p. 538 (1898).

LoANDA. — In flooded places, drying up, near Imbondeiro dos Lobos,
very rare ; fr. 8 June 1858. No. 6235 (partly).

4. I. blepharophylla Hall, f., I.e., p. 125.

Ambaca. — A perennial herb ; root thick, nodose ; stems sarmentose,
prostrate ; flowers of a pleasant violet-purplish colour or occasionally
deep rosy. In dry plains and at the margins of fields, from Izange to
N-gombe ; fl. Oct. 1866. This plant stains paper brown. No. 6193.

5. I. crassipes Hook, in Bot. Mag., t. 4068 (1844).

/. cabjstegioides IL. Mey. in Flora, 1843, Bes. Beig. pp. 145, 153,
195 (name) ; Dr^geex Choisy in DC. Prodr. ix. p. 431 (1845) ; Hall,
f., I.e., ji. 127. /. adumbrata Rendle & Britten in Journ. Bot xxxii.
p. 173 (1894). Convolvulus uhamhensis 0. Kimtze, Bev. Gen.
PI. iii. 2. p. 215 (1898).

HuiLLA. — On hills, among low bushes near Empalanca, sparingly ;
fl. Dec. 1859. Corolla in the dry state widely funnel-shaped. 1.^ in.
long, pale, with short apiculate ciliate lobes. No. 6130- In sunny
places among low bushes at Mumpulla ; fl. Oct. 1869. No. 6128.

Iponma] lxxxvii. convolvulack.e. 733

G. I. hewittioides JIall. f., I.e. (1893).

/. andongense Rendle it Britten, I.e., p. 171 (1894).

PuNfJO Andongo. — A perennial herb ; root tuberous ; stems prostrate,
but little twining, not yet climbing : flowers from whitish to purple.
By the road leading to the bridge at Luxillo ; fl. Dec. 18;jG. No. 6223.
At Sansamanda ; fl. 18a7. No. 6195-

7. I. porrecta Rendle & Britten, I.e., p. 172.

Amu.vca. — A perennial herb ; root woody-nodose ; stems .several,
sarmentose, prostrate, 2 to 5 ft. long ; flowers violet-rosy. In hilly
wooded places near Puri-Cacarambula, not common ; fl. Oct. lHo(J.
No. 6194.

This is nearly related to T.fidr'>caidis Boiss.

8. I. asperifolia Hall, f., I.e., p. 128.

Hi'iLLA. — Leaves purplish beneath ; corolla whitish-purple or rosy.
In shortly bushy pastures near Lopollo, rather rare and nowhere
abundant : fl. and fr. Dec. 1H59 and Feb. 18G0. No. 6126. A perennial
herb ; root woody : stems numerous, prostrate, subsarmentose ; corolla
funnel-shaped, whitish-rosy : the lobes of the limb marked with a few
longitudinal wrinkles ; the tube very bright purple inside. In thickets
and sandy pastures about the hippopotamus lake (Ivantalla) ; fl. G Jan.
18G0. The corolla is about an inch long. Apparently a narrow-leaved
form of this species. No. 6129.

9. I. eardiosepala Hochst. in PI. Kotsch. Nub. nn. 207. 384
{U. i. 1841), and ex Clioisy in DC. Prodr. ix. p. 429 (1845) ; non
Meissn. (18G9).

Convolvulus eahjcinus Roxb. Hort. Bang. p. 13 (1814), and Fl.
Ind., edit. Carey, ii. p. 51 (1824). /. ealyeina C. B. CI. in Hook.
Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. p. 201 (1885); Hall, f., I.e., p. 129, partly.

Bark.\ do Dandi: and Loanjia. — The two outer sepals cordate-
sagittate, the third semi-sagittate, the two inner ones narrowly
lanceolate and elongate-acuminate, all herbaceous ; corolla funnel-
shaped ; the limb 5-plicate, milk-white-violet in colour on both faces :
the tube deep purple inside ; stamens ;">, included, inserted at the base
of the corolla-tube, dilated at the base and there densely clothed with
hyaline hairs ; ovary 4-celled, rarely by abortion 3-celled ; the cells
1 -ovulate ; style simple ; stigmas 2, each consisting of linear-cylindrical
papillfe congested and forming a single bead : capsule 4- rarely 2-celled.
4-valved ; seeds 4, erect ; embryo curved ; cotyledons corrugated, green;
radicle thick, inferior, curved, obtuse ; in gravelly places flooded in
winter and by reservoirs at the foot of represas, e.g., at Represa do
Ricardo in Quicuxe, Forte de Concei^ao ; fl. Jan. to April 1854. An
annual, prostrate herb ; stems whip-like, 5 to 8 ft. long and more,
procumbent ; outer sepals hastate, the inner ones semi-hastate, 1 or 2
lanceolate ; corolla white, with the tube purple inside ; the limb flattish,
obtusely 5-cleft, with the lobes marked in the middle with impressed
lines, two of which converge at the apex of the lobe ; the sinuses
obtuse ; in clayey-sandy places by the highway between Camama and
Calumba, sparingly ; fl. and fr. 17 June 1858. No. 6238. A prostrate
herb ; branches procumbent far and widely, distantly hispid-pilose :
the three outer sepals sagittate-auriculute. the two inner ones linear-
lanceolate ; corolla violet milk-white outside, purple inside especially
at the base, twice as long as the calyx, funnel-shaped : the limb plicate,
pointedly 5-lobed ; anthers violet-coloured, large in proportion to the

734 LXXXVII. CONVOLVULACEiE. {IjiOmOia

size of the flower, exceeding the stigma ; the latter bicapitellate,
each head consisting of white rather long cylindrical densely clustered
papilla : in moist depressions near Penedo, Forte Conceigao, fl. end of
April 1858. Corolla violet-purple, tubular-rotate ; at Bemposta, fr.
18 May 1859. No. 6237.

Barra do BENtJO. — A herb ; root thick ; stems numerous, prostrate ;
flowers sordidly violet-purple. In moist places between Quicuxe and
Cacuaco ; only one specimen ; fl. Sept. 1858. No. 6236-

MossAMEDEs. — An annual, prostrate, herbaceous-green herb, with
small purplish flowers. In sandy places at the banks of the river Bero ;
fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 6133.

10. I. linosepala Hall, f., I.e., p. 130 (22 Dec. 1893).

/. xiphoseiJala Baker in Kew Bull. 1894, p. 69 (Feb. 1894).

PcxGO Andongo.— A persisting herb, 4 to 8 in. high ; root thick,
fusiform, tuberous ; stems numerous, cfespitose, rather erect ; corolla
pale rosy outside, deep red inside, f unnel-shaped-campanulate ; two of
the stamens higher than the rest ; stigma bicapitellate, whitish. In
the rocky parts of the gigantic rocks near Catete ; fl. and fr. beginning
of Jan. and in Feb. 1857. No. 6191.

11. I. ehloroneura Hall, f., I.e., p. 132.

PuNGO Andoxgo. — An annual erect herb ; branches from the base
of the stem divaricate, ascending : flowers (not fully expanded)
whitish. In thickets, on volcanic sandstone conglomerate, near Lombe,
at the river Cuanza; fl. March 1857. No. 6181.

HuiLLA. — An annual herb, much branched from the base ; stem
and branches prostrate, whip-like ; flowers funnel-shaped, whitish or
very pale yellowish. In planted grounds and places neglected after
cultivation, about Lopollo ; without fl. in Jan. and with fl. and fr.
beginning of May 1860. No. 6132.

12. I. amoena Choisy in DC. Prodr. ix. p. 365(1845); Hall, f.,
I.e., p. 133 ; non Blume.

Ambeiz. — At Quizembo ; fl.-bud, Nov. 1853. No. 6197.

Cazexgo. — In rocky thinly bushy places on the left bank of the
river Luinha, in the ascent to Mount Muxaulo ; not yet in fl. Dec.
1854. Apparently this species. No. 6198.

GoLUNGO Alto. — An annual twining herb, remarkable amongst its
companions by reason of the peculiar silvery-metallic lustre of its
foliage, one of the handsomest plants of the Order and an ornament
to the reed-beds where it grows ; calyx 5-parted, densely beset outside
with long hairs ; the sepals unequal, the outer one larger than the
rest ; corolla funnel-shaped, milk-white, the interior of che tube and
throat violet-blood-red ; the lobes of the limb 5, rather obtuse, shortly
and broadly ovate, penicillate-pilose at the apex ; stamens 5, inserted
at the base of the corolla-tube ; anthers large, cordate-ovoid, attached
at the sinuses to the filaments, 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscent ; ovary
sessile, ovoid-conicai, ending in the filiform style which falls a little
short of the stamens, 2-celled, the cells bi-ovulate ; stigma capitate,
large, obsoletely bilobed, usually bigibbous-globose. By thickets and in
reed- beds in Sobato Mussengue, Bango, etc., not uncommon ; Bango,
fl. 29 April 1854 ; on a rather dry sandy-clay soil near Canaulo, by the
Ambaca road ; fl. June 1856. No. 6199.

PuNGO Andongo. — No notes. In fl. No. 6200.

I^wmuio] LXXXVII. CONVOLVULACE.B. 735

13. I. elythrocephala ITall. f., I.e., p. 134.

GoLUN(i() Ai.TO. — A perennial, twining herb, sarmentose to a great
length ; leaves bright green above, clothed beneath with a snow-white
felt ; flowers of a rosy-violet colour, ornamented with wliite-felted
longitudinal folds. Up the stalks of Pfniiinetu in reed-beds and at
the lower thickets near Trombeta, Camilungo, etc., plentiful; flowering
nearly throughout the year: fl. and fr. March and April 1855. No.
6184. Flowers purple, with the folds of the corolla cottony and
whitish-glaucous. By thickets near N-delle, plentiful ; fl. and fr.
Oct. 1855. No 6185. An annual, widely climbing herb ; leaves
discolorous ; flowers lA in. long, tubular-cam[)anulate, rosy purple. In
a few spots about Canaula, etc. ; fl. June 1850. No. 6183.

14. I. Pes tigridis L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 162 (1753) ; Hall, f., I.e.
Var. africana Hall. f. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. vi. p. 539 (July 1898).
HuiLLA. — A prostrate herb ; stems several, very long, sarmentose,

rooting in every direction, pilose as well as the peltate-digitate leaves ;
corolla funnel-shaped, whitish-rosy ; stigma bicapitellate. In fields of
maize and Aracfiis hypoqitM, about Lopollo, sparingly : fl. 10 Jan. 1860.
No. 6119.

15. I. involucrata P. Beauv. Fl. Owar. & Ben. ii. p. 52, t. 89
(1817?); Hall. f. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xviii. p. 135.

GoLUNOO Alto. — A perennial, widely climbing herb ; corolla
campanulate, purple-red or violet-purple, the folds whitish-glaucous
especially towards the base of the tube. In the drier reed-beds
throughout Sobato de Bumba, nut uncommon ; by thickets near
Quibixe, fl. May 1855 ; fl. and fr. July 1855. No. 6188- At the
Quibixe thickets : fr. Sept. 1855 and June 1856. Coll. Caup. 770.

Hi'iLLA. — In f r., without foliage. No notes. Apparently this species.
No. 6123.

Var. /8. albiflora (Welw.).

Corolla campanulate, f in. long, white.

GoLUN(;o Alto. — By the lower thickets near Canaula and Camilungo,
fl. April 1856 ; by thickets between Bengo and Sange, fl. end of April
1856. No. 6189.

16. I. velutipesWelw.exEendleinJomn. Bot.xxxii. 175(1894).
GoLUNCiO Alto. — A herb, climbing far and widely, remarkable for

its densely cottony stem. At the outskirts of the forest near Zengas
do Queta ; without either fl. or fr. Dec. 1855. No. 6228. A perennial,
widely climbing herb ; the adult stems clothed with a white cottony
coat, the younger ones without cotton ; corolla U in. long, very
fugacious, funnel-shaped-campanulate, rosy outside, deep red-purple
inside especially from the throat to the bottom of the tube, varni.shed-
shining ; the limb sub-entire, 5-plicate ; stamens 5, 2 of them higher
than the rest, included ; filaments springing from the bottom of the
corolla-tube, adnate for a considerable length to the tube, then free
from it ; anthers rosy ; style filiform, a little shorter than the stamens ;
stigma globose-capitate. By damp thickets at the outskirts of the
forests among the Queta mountains, not common ; fl. middle of May
1856. No. 6227. Zengas do Queta ; fl. May and July 1856. No. 6142.
Queta mountains ; fr. August 185(). No. 6226-

17. I. pilosa Sweet, Hort. Brit., edit. 1, ii. p. 289 (1827).
Convolvulus bicolor Desrouss. in Lam. Encycl. Meth. iii. p. 564

47

736 Lxxxvii. CONVOLVULACE.E. [Iimnoea

(1789) ; non Vahl. C.]nIosus Roxb, Hort. Beng. p. 14 (1814), and
F. Ind., edit. Carey, ii. p. 55 (1824); non Eottl. C. dichrous
Pvoem. & Schultes, Syst. Veg. iv. p. 263 (1819). /. dichroa
Ifochst. in PI. Schimp. Abyss, ii. n. 820 {UA. 1842), Choisy in
DC. Prodr. ix. p. 364 (1845); Hall, f., I.e., p. 136. /. arachno-
sperma Welw. Apontam. p. 588, n. 57 (1859).

Loan DA. — An annual climbing lactescent herb of 3 to G ft. : leaves
bright green above, snow-white or hoary beneath, the middle lobe
constantly narrowed at the base; flowers funnel-shaped, rosy, moderate
in size ; peduncles axillary, 2- to many-flowered ; stamens inserted a
little above the base of the corolla-tube, included ; filaments com-
paratively elongated, flattened, a little dilated and purple-bearded at
the base ; anthers large, purple, oblong-obcordate, 2-celled ; the cells
distant, almost marginal ; pollen large, spherical, whitish ; ovary
conical, to the middle almost immersed in the cupuliform disk, 2-celled;
the cells 2-ovulate ; style solitary, straight, as long as the filaments,
ending in the bilobed stigma ; the lobes globose, large, purple ; capsule
globose, unilocular, 4-valved, 4- or (in a single case) .5-seeded ; seeds
oblong, obtusely trigonous, sordid- brown, shaggy, scattered above
with thin cottony hairs, arachnoid. In dry hilly places by thickets
near Maianga do Povo, rather rare ; fl. and young fr. end of Feb. 185H.
No. 6243. An annual, climbing herb; leaves lobed, silvery-tomentellous
beneath ; flowers moderate-sized, rosy ; seeds arachnoid. At Maianga
do Povo; fr. June 1858. Coll. Carp. 764. In damp thickets near
Quicuxe ; fr. beginning of Aug. 1858. A more robust form, with the
leaf-lobes rather obtuse. No. 6244.

18. I. purpurea Pvoth, Bot. Abb. p. 27 (1787) ; Hall. i.,l.c., p. 137.
Convolvidus j^urjmreus L. Sp. PI., edit. 2, p. 219 (1762).

Pharhitis hisjnda Choisy in Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve vi. p. 438
(1834) ; J. A. Schmidt, Beitr. Fl. Cap. Yerd. p. 233 (1852).
Cape Verde Islands. — St. Jago ; seeds Jan. 1861. Coll. Carp. 788.

19. I. Batatas Poir. Encvcl. Meth. vi. p. 14 (1804); Hall, f.,
I.e., p. 138 ; Ficalho, PI. UtJeLs, p. 226 (1884).

C'onvolvidtis Batatas L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 154 (1753). Batatas
edulis Choisy in Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve, vi. p. 435 (1834);
Welw^ Apontam. p. 551, under n. 98.

IcoLO E Bexgo. — Rather rarely cultivated at the banks of the
rivers Dande and Bengo ; very rarely flowering. At Prata, without fl.,
Sept. 1857. No. 6220.

Loan da. — A very lactescent herb, root tuberous, whitish-rosy inside;
stems prostrate, almost creeping but not rooting, 3 to 8 ft. long,
loosely hirsute or shaggy, as well as the hirsute petioles angular,
mostly from green to purple ; leaves variable in shape, mostly hastate,
the basal lobes roundedly angled or bifid with the upper lobules
acuminate ; peduncles ascending, always longer than the petioles,
5- to 8-flowered, gradually thickened and angular towards the apex :
corolla tubular-campanulate, but little revolute, whitish purple
outside, deep violet-purple inside except the moderately dilated limb ;
stigma capitate, whitish, more or less plainly bilobed. Cultivated in
arimos (plantations) of some colonists, near Loanda, etc., and only
very rarely sub-spontaneous ; at Imbondeiro dos Lobos ; fl. end of
July 1858. The leaves are also eaten by the negroes. No. 6219.

GoLUNGO Alto.— Cultivated on the right bank of the stream

Ipovuna] Lxxxvii. coxvolvulace.e. 737

Delamboa at the foot of Munguella grande : with i\. beginning of
Aug. 185(). Xative name " Quidingo Cambonge." The leaves are
cooked with fungi and greedily eaten by the negroes as a kind of
spinach. No. 6173.

Mos.-<.VMi:i)Ks. — Quinquefoliolate. Everywhere cultivated, very
plentiful. At Cavalheiros ; fl. July 1859. Colonial name " Cara,"
a name imported from Brazil. Xo. 6135. Leaves simple, angled, the
angles abruptly acute. Excursion to Costa : fl. July 1859. Cultivated
by the Portuguese colonists, but less frequently than the plant with
quinquefid-palmate leaves; tl. July; fr. Aug. 1859. No. 6134-

2U. I. ochracea G. Don, Gen. S^^st. iv. p. 270 (1837); Hall, f.,
I.e., p. 140. Convolvulus ochraceus Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. lOGO (1827).
/. ophthahnantha Hall, f., I.e., p. 141, partly.

Ami'.iuz. — At Mubanbe on the lake near Quibanga ; fl. No. 6174.

LoAXDA. — A prostrate herb; root woody, perennial; stems
numerous; branches elongated, procumbent, twining at the apex;
leaves rather glossy, membranous, deep green ; flowers bright, of an
orange-sulphur colour with the tube brilliantl}^ violet-purple. In dry
places cultivated as well as in uncultivated ones, very plentiful
throughout the district, flowering nearly the whole year ; between
Quicuxe and Alto das Cruzes, April 1854 and Aug. 1858 ; in sandy
plains from Loanda towards Quicuxe, Teba, Imbondeiro dos Lobos,
etc., at Quicuxe, 7 Feb. 1859. No. 6245.

GoLUXGO Alio.— Stem velvety at the base with long white very
soft hairs, readily twining: flowers of a deep sulphur colour, expanded
from 9 in the forenoon to 3 in the afternoon, closed at other times.
Among reeds and tall grasses throughout the district, plentiful ; at
Menha lula ; fl. and fr. July 1855. No. 6176. By the Ambaca road ;
fl. and fr. July and Aug. 185G. No. 6175.

21. I. humifera Rendle in Journ. Bot. xxxii. p. 177 (1894).

/. Barteri, var. cordifolia Hall. f. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. vi. p. 543
(4 July 1898).

PuxGo Axi)(tX(;(i. — A herb, appai'ently perennial, spreading along
the ground, not chmbing ; leaves membranous, rather rigid ; flowers
purple, tubular, the tube comparatively long. In the wooded thickets
of Mata de Pungo ; fl. middle of April f857. No. 6177- Iq small
forests above Quibinda ; in fl.-bud. No. 6178.

The following No. perhaps belongs here : —

Pungo Axdongo. — A delicate herb, growing in the shady forest
among low herbs ; stem decumbent-twining ; flowers very bright
white-purpurascent. In rather dense forest near Mutollo near Pedras
de Guinga ; fl. March 1857. Only one poor specimen. No. 6179.

22. I. hellebarda Schweinf. ms. in Herb. Gallab. (1865) n. 2176,
k ex Hall. f. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xviii. p. 142.

/. sagittata Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 467 (1849); Hall, f..
I.e.; non Poir. (1789).

Var. sarcopoda (Wehv. ms. in herb).

A perennial herb ; rhizome thick, fleshy-woody ; stems several,
prostrate, slender, cylindrical ; branches virgate-twining ; leaves
subglaucons beneath ; peduncles fleshy-thickened from the ba.se
upwards, hard, three times thicker than the contiguous stem,

738 Lxxxvii. coNVOLVULACEiE. [Iponum

bearing 4- to 8-flowered cymes ; corolla funnel -shaped, pale sulphur
m colour, purple inside towards the base ; stigma capitate.

Loan DA. — A widely climbing, handsome plant, with very beautiful
flowers. At Represa grande de Quicuxe ; fl. April 1858 ; also in
flooded places, about to dry up, near Imbondeiro dos Lobos, rather
rare ; fl. 8 June 1858. No. 6239.

23. I. aquatica Forsk. Fl. yEgypt.-Arab. p. 44 (1775);
Britten, Journ. Bot. xxxii. p. 169 (1894).

Convolvulus reptans L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 158 (1753). /.
repfans Poir. ex Roem. & Schultes, Syst. Veg. p. 244 (1819);
Hall, f., I.e., p. 143.

Barra do Dande. — A bright green herb, apparently perennial,
sometimes creeping far in damp muddy places, in other cases always
floating on sufficiently deep water ; stems purple, broadly fistulose ;
leaves sometimes bright green, sometimes more or less glaucescent ;
flowers campanulate-funnel-shaped, handsome, violet-purple. Near
Bombo, plentiful, but only about lakes on both the right and left
banks of the river Dande ; fl. end of Sept. 1858. No. 6187.

PuNGo And(»N(!(). — In chasms near Sansamanda ; fl. No. 6186. In
deep pools between Lombe and Quibinda ; fl. March 1857. No. 6171.

24. I. stolonifera Gmelin, Syst. Nat. ii. p. 345 (1791); Britten,
Journ. Bot. xxxii. p. 169 (1894).

Convolvulus littoralis L. Syst. Nat., edit. 10, ii. p. 924 (1759).
C. sinuatus Petagna, Instit. Bot. ii. p. 353, n. 71 (1787).
C. stoloniferus Cyrill. PI. Ear. Neapol. i. p. 14, t. 5 (1788). /.
incisa Br. Prodr. p. 486 (1810). I. littoralis Boiss. Fl. Orient,
iv. p. 112 (1879); Hall, f.. I.e., p. 144. /. sinuata O. Kuntze,
Pvev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 442 (1891).

Ambriz. — At the shore of the mouth of the river On§o, Mosul ;
after the fall of the fl., Nov. 1853. No. 6251.

LiBONCio. — A herb ; root tuberous ; stems subterranean, very long,
emitting here and there tufts of leaves and a solitary flower above the
ground ; leaves rather fleshy, glossy ; flowers white, turning yellow
towards the base and red inside at the bottom. In sandy places, at a
distance of 1 to 3 miles from the ocean, by the banks of the river
Lifune ; fl. end of Nov. 1853. No. 6248-

Calumbo. — A persisting herb : root tuberous ; stems subterranean,
sarmentose for a considerable length, whitish, fibrillose, occasionally
developing narrow tufts of leaves and white flowers ; leaves fleshy,
rather rigid, bright green, decidedly glossy above ; flowers whitish,
purplish inside at the bottom, at length limp and yellowish. In
maritime gravelly places between Cape Palmieria and the mouth of
the river Cuanza, rather rare ; fl. April 1854. No. 6250. In sandy
places near Tanza ; without fl. or fr. Feb. 1858. No. 6249.

25. 1.asarifolia Roem. &Schult., Syst. Veg. iv.251; Hall.f.,Z.c.,145.

Convolvulus asarifoUus Desrouss. in Lam. Encycl. Meth. iii.
p. 562 (1789).

GoLUNGO Alto. — A decumbent, glaucous-green herb ; root tuberous;
sarmentose branches 6 to 8 ft. long ; leaves fleshy-coriaceous ; flowers
of a pleasant purple colour, with whitish glaucous folds. On bushy
slopes at the river Delamboa, rather rare ; fl. April and July 1855
and Aug. 1856. No. 6202. A herb, with a perennial tuberculate root,

Ipomcea] Lxxxvii. convolvulace/E. 730

and deep violet-purple almost l>Iood-red flowers. At the Dolamboa.
No. 6148. Leaves uniform. At the river Delamboa, Aug. 1H5(). Cni.i,.
Caki'. 773.

26. I. Protea Rcndle Sc Britten in Journ. Bot. .xxxii.p. 170(1894).
PuNou Am.onc...— At Quitage ; «. [10 March 18.")7]. No. 6192.

In Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xviii. p. 109 (1893) Dr. H. Hallier suggested the
reference of this plant to CiuivolruJus canarienHia L. ; but he had not
seen any flower of it. It is allied to /. amrifolia Roem. iV: Schult.

27. I. biloba Forsk. Fl. yEgypt. - Arab. p. 44 (1775).
Convolvulus Pes caprm L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 159 (1753). /. Pts

Gapro' Roth, Nov. PI. Sp. 109 (1821) ; Hall, f., I.e., p. 145.

LoAXOA. — A luxuriant plant : the sarmentose branches creeping,
more than 50 ft. long, often 06 ft., rarely rooting here and there, and
giving off flowering fascicles of leaves : leaves fleshy, rigid, glossy,
deep green ; flowers purplish. In sandy maritime places, plentifid :
at Praia de Zamba grande ; fl. and fr. March and April WM. No. 6240.
Leaves fleshy, rather shining, evergreen ; flowers whitish and pur])lc
variegated, handsome, occurring nearly the whole year : in gravelly
places on the Loanda island near S. Paulo de Loanda ; seeds, Feb.
1854. Stolons about 30 to 50 ft. long ; in gravelly places at the sea-
coast, plentiful and handsome : fr. May 1854. Coli,. Cakp. 109. At
Praia de Zamba grande ; fr. May 1858 ; also at Praia de S. Thiago :
fr. Sept. 1858. Coll. Carp. 703.

Mosi^AMEDKS. — Flowers purple. In gravelly places by the ocean
near Mossamedes, not plentiful : fl. July 1859. No. 6125. On the
sandy sea-shore near the city ; fr. July 1859. Coll. Caup. 776.

28. I. Welwitschii Vatke ex Hall, f., I.e., p. 146.

HuiLLA. — Corolla white-rosy. In bushy pastures between Nene
and Mumpulla and near LopoUo : fl. Dec. 1859. No. 6120.

/?. latifolia Britten, Journ. Bot. xxxii. p. 85 (March 1894).
/. asjyericanlis Baker in Kew Bull. 1894, p. 70 (Feb.).
HuiLLA.— In fl. and fr. No. 6120ft.

29. I. dissecta Wilkl. Phytogr. p. 5, t. 2 (1794) ; non Pursh (1814).
Convolvulus eopticns L. Mant. PI. alt. ]). 559 (1771). I.coptica

Roth, Nov. PI. Sp. p. 110 (1821) ; Hall, f., I.e., p. 147. /. multi-
secta Wehv. Apontain. p. 589. n. 75 (1859).

Loanda. — A herb, doubtfully annual or in copiously rainy seasons
lasting for several years ; stems numerous, prostrate, sarmentose
spreading in a circle, 2 to 5 ft. long : flowers white : on herbaceous
hills in moist spots, above Loanda ; at Alto das Cruzes : fl. and fr.
March 1854. An apparently perennial herb : root rather thick ;
stems many, branched, whip-like, 2 to 4 ft. long, prostrate in a
stellate manner ; branchlets ascending ; leaves multisect, with linear
segments : peduncles axillary, a little longer than the petiole, bearing
about 2 or mostly only 1 flower, twice bibracteoiatc : corolla cam-
panulate, milk-white, .'j in. long, twice as long as the muricnlate calyx :
in hilly herbaceous places in depressions quite dry in winter hut floodeil
in summer : fl. and fr. May and June 1858. No. 6253. A low,
perennial herb ; branches much divided, prostrate in all directions :
leaves much cut : flowers white, gamopetalous. At Alto das Cruzes ;
fr. July 1858. Coll. Cakp. 765.

740 LXXXVII. CONVOLYULACE^. [Ijiooium

PuNGO Andongo. — An annual prostrate herb ; corolla tubular-
campanulate, white, very fugacious. In sandy moist pastures on the
right bank of the river Cuanza, near Sansamanda, 7 Feb. 1857, in
company with Portulam foliosu Ker (Welw. no. 1105) and an orchid
(cf. Welw. no. 688, Hahenaria ?). No. 6170.

30. I. palmata Forsk. Fl. ^Egypl.-Arab. p. 43 (1775); non
Kotsch. Exsicc. n. 177.

Convolvulus cairicus L. Syst. Nat., edit. 10, ii. p. 922 (1759). /.
cairica Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 1, pt. ii. 287 (1827); Hall, f., I.e., 148.

Prince's Island.— At the coast, without fl. or fr. Sept. 1853. No. 6208.

ICOLO E Bexgo. — In the palm-groves of Santo Antonio by the river
Bengo ; fl. Dec. 1853. No. 6205.

LiBONGO. — A herb, climbing widely and high, with its numerous
twining stems embracing chiefly herbaceous bushes of Malvaceae and
Sesban (cf. Ahutilon inter ineditmi Hochst., Welw. no. 4978 ; and Sci^haii
sphm-ocarpus Welw., Coll. Carp. 388) : flowers very prettily violet-
purple. In damp bushy places about lakes on the left bank of the
river Lifune, plentiful ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1858. No. 6206.

GoLUNGO Alto. — A perennial herb, sometimes twining and climb-
ing, sometimes (in hot situations) prostrate, elongate-sarmentose,
quasi-csespitose ; flowers very prettily violet-rosy. By the stems of
tall grasses and in sunny thickets, near Sange, not uncommon ; fl. and
fr. March 1855. No. 6207-

MossAMEDES. — A herb, climbing far and widely, twining, exceed-
ingly pleasing and highly ornamental with its very crowded deep-
violet-purple flowers. At rocks by the banks of the river Bero, very
plentiful : fl. July and August 1859. No. 6117-

The following should be compared with this species : —
GoLUXGo Alto. — Creeping on the ground, with 10 to 12 shoots,
7 to 9 in. long ; capsule 2-celled, the cells 2-seeded, the seeds hirsute
with chestnut-brown hairs. Before Eodrigo's house ; fr. April 1856.
Coll. Cakp. 771. A perennial herb, widely diffuse ; sarmentose branches
4 to 8 ft. long, not rooting ; flowers violet-purple, handsome ; fl. and fr.
May 1856, Coll. Cakp. 772.
Mo^isAMEHEs.— Boca do Rio Giraul ; fr. July 1859. Coll. Carp. 775.

31. I. digitata L. Syst. Nat., edit. 10, ii. p. 924 (1759).
Convolvulus paniculatus L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 156 (1753). I.pani-

culata E. Br. Prodr. p. 486 (1810) ;' Hall, f.. I.e., p. 149. Batatas
jxmiculata Choisy in Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve vi. p. 436 (1834).

Ambriz. — A beautiful, widely climbing, floribund plant, with very
pretty rosy-purple flowers. By thickets near the river Quizembo in
Sobato Quizembo ; fl. Nov. 1853. No. 6241.

Barra IK ) Bengo. — A tall-climbing herb, with rosy handsome flowers.
In the forest at the river Bengo ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1853. No. 6242.

PuN(i0 ANDONCiO. — A climbing, twining plant, almost woody at the
base ; stem angular ; leaves membranous but rather fleshy ; corolla
campanulate-funnel- shaped, violet purple. By the thickets of Mata de
Pungo, sporadic : fl. middle of Dec. 1856. No. 6163. At Condo ;
fl. and fr. 1857. No. 6222.

32. I. Arenieola Eendle& Britten in Journ. Bot. xxxii. p. 176.
Pungo Andongo. — A perennial herb, not tuberous ; stem decum-
bent, fleshy, purple ; flowers from whitish to violet-coloured, purple

IpODUm] I.XXWII. CONVOLVULACE.E. 741

inside. In sandy forests near Cazella ; fl. and fr. 18 Oct. 185G.
No. 6180.

33. I. verbascoidea C'boi.sy, Couvolv. L)is.s. ii. p. 13-1 {Iponwa),
in Mem. Soc. Plivs. Geneve viii., pt. 1, p. 56 (1838); Hall, f.,
I.e., p. 151.

HiriJ.A. — In shrubby places between ^Mnmpulla and Nene. Plant
5 ft. high : in fr. Oct. 18.51). No. 6115. An undershrub, 4 to fj ft.
high, with rosy purple tlowers. Varzeado Ferrfio da Sola: H. Dec. IH.'V.l.
No. 6114. An undershrub of .'^ to ;"> ft., with several Ijranches from
the base. Hilly thickets near Ferrao da Sola ; fl. No. 6111. In the
forest between MumpiiUa and Serra da Xella ; fr. June IHGO. Coll.
C.vitp. 778.

34. I. prismatosyphon Welw. Apontam. p. 585, n. 18(1859);
Britten, Jouvn. Bot. xxxii, p. 84 (181)4); Rendle in Joiun. Bot.
xxxii. p. 215 (prismatosiphon).

I. Buchnerl Peter in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pllanzenfum. iv. 3,
p. 29 (1891), (3. tomentosa Hall, f., I.e., p. 152.

PuN(;() Andoxgo. — A perennial, sparingly branched herb, 4 to i> ft.
high, with numerous stems, and very handsome, whitish rosy, spreading
flowers. In bushy mountain pastures, in the pnesidium, plentiful, in
company with Cissus rub/f/ino.ta Planch. (Welw. herb. no. I4()(i) and a
species of Siphonanthua ; fl. Feb. and April 1857. No. 6182 At Luxillo,
fr. Oct. 1856. Coll. C.vki". 786. A lactescent undershrub, standing
erect, 4 to 6 ft. high ; stems subsimple, as well as the leaves whitish-
tomentose ; flowers funnel-shaped, whitish rosy, very large and hand-
some. In thickets near Luxillo ; ripe fr. 7 June 1857. Coll. C.\kp.
161 and 777. A herb, 5 ft. high ; stems numerous, leaves white-felted
beneath ; seeds rigidly pilose. In fr. Coll. Cai:i'. 787.

35. I. pyramidalis Hall, f., I.e. (Dec. 1893).

/. meyalocJdditiij.s Baker in Kew Bull. 1894, p. 72 (Feb.).

Huilla. — Perennial : stem decumbent-ascending, 5 to 12 from
the same cylindrical and scarcely lactescent rootstock ; leaves broadly
cordate-ovate, silky-pubescent, secund above; flowers hand.some, funnel-
shaped, rosy, violet-coloured inside, glos.sy-purple at the bottom of tht.'
tulie ; filaments dilated at the base, bearded ; stigma bicapitellate. In
thickets and places neglected after cultivation at Lopollo ; fl. 8 May
18()0. No. 6113. An undershrub, 4 to 5 ft. high ; rhizome woody-
tuberous ; stems several, erect, thick, as well as the c[uasi-verbascoid
leaves white-felted ; corolla rose-purple, .'U to 4 in. long, handsome,
with a subpentagonal tube. In rocky thickets about the hippopotamus
lake (Ivantalla) : fl. Feb. 1860. No. 6113/>.

36. I. lilacina Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. xiii. p. 716 (1825);
Hall. f. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. p. lUO (13 Aug. 1898).

/. oxyphylla Baker in Kew Bull. 1894, p. 71.
PuN(;o Andonco. — Mangue. near Ponte de Mutollo ; fl. March 1857.
No. 6229.

37. I. nuda Baker in Kew Bull. 1894, p. 72 ; nou Peter.
PiNcio Andonco.— Herbaceous, very widely climbing, leaves entire,

cordate ; flowers very crowded ; calyx pentaphyllous or nearly so :
corolla violet-purple ; stigma distinctly bicapitellate. In bushy places
near Catete in the pr;esidium : H. 26 May 1857. No. 6230.

742 Lxxxvii. CONVOLVULACE^. [Ipomceu

I. nuda Peter in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. Sa, p. 31
(r891), a Guatemala species, has been reduced by Hallier to OpercuUna
fuberosa Meissn.

The following No. is apparently an undescribed species of
Ipomcea, related to /. convolvuloides Schinz in Verh. Bot. Brandenb,
XXX. p. 273 (1888), non Hallier f. (1893) :—

HuiLLA. — Root tuberous, hard, nearly turnip-shaped, of the size of
a very lai^e fist : stem arising from the centre of the tuber, erect,
virgate, a foot high (in the only specimen seen), leafy, more or less
reddish ; leaves narrowly lanceolate-linear, shortly petiolate, obtusely
keeled beneath with the thick semi-cylindrical midrib, rather fleshy,
about 1;^ in. long (inclusive) ; flowers axillary, erect, solitary, shortly
pedunculate, about | in. long, borne on a fleshy thick peduncle, with
two opposite lanceolate erect bracteoles at the base, white-purplish ;
calyx-segments 5, broadly lanceolate, abruptly subulate at the apex,
adpressed to the corolla and including it beyond the middle, about ^ in.
long ; corolla-limb erect, strongly plicate ; stamens 5, included ; fila-
ments at the base curved-ascending ; anthers oblong-linear, sagittate
at the base, white as is also the pollen ; stigma whitish, obtusely
capitate, simple. In bushy hilly places and in fields, near Lopollo ;
the tuber collected in April 18G0, planted in the Lumiar garden near
Lisbon and fl. Mav 18G2. Only the flowers and leaves (in the study
set). No. 6124

12. CAIONYCTION Choisy in Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve, vi.
p. 441 (1834) ; Hall. f. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvi. p. 583 (1893).

IjmmxEa Bentb. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 870, partly.

1. C. speciosum Choisy, I.e.

Ipomcpa bona nox L. Sp. PI., edit. 2, p. 228 (1762). C. bonanox
Boj. Hort. Mam-it. p. 227 (1837); Hall. f. in Bull. Herb. BoLss. v.
p. 1028 (1897).

G-OLUXGO Alto. — By thickets and at the outskirts of the forest near
N-delle, rather rare ; fl. and fr. end of July 1855. No. 6147- Culti-
vated in Lisbon from seeds sent in 1858 from Golungo Alto. No. 6147^-
At Undelle ; ripe fr. June 1856 and July 1857. Coll. Carp. 779.

2. C. muricatum G. Don, Gen. Syst. iv. p. 264 (1838); Welw.
Apontam. p. 584, n. 11 ; Hall. f. I.e., p. 1044 & in Engl. Bot. Jahrb.
xviii. p. 154.

C. speciosum, var. b., Choisy, I.e. Convolvulus murieatus L.
Mant. PI. i. p. 44 (1767).

PuNGO Andongo. — A perennial herb, climbing high and far, a
striking ornament to all the thickets of the prsesidium in the rainy
season of March and April ; flowers either quite white or pale violet-
coloured outside and deep violet-purple inside, very sweetly fragrant.
By thickets ; fl. April 1857 ; and at Welwitsch's house in Pungo
Andongo, fl. May 1857. No. 6146.

1 3. aUAMOCLIT Tournef. ex Moench, Meth. PI. p. 453 k index
(1794); Hallier f. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvi. p. 584 (1893).

Ipomcea Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 870, partly.

1. Q. coccinea Moench, I.e. ; Hall, f., I.e., xviii. p. 154 (1893).

Ipomcea coccinea L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 160 (1753).

Quavioclit] Lxxxvii. convolvulace.e. 743

LoANDA. — A twining, annual herb, with funnel-shaped purple flowers^
Probably introduced : H. and fr. 20 May 1«58. Xo. 6234.

Island or St. Thomas. — At the bushy margins of fields : fl.-bud
Dec. 18(J0. Perhaps this species. No. 6212.

2. ft. vulgaris Choisyin Mem. See. Phys. Geneve, vi. p. 434(1834).

Ijmmaia Quamoclit L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 159 (1753). Q. pinnata
Bojer, llort. Maurit. p. 224 (1837); Hall, f., /.c. Ipomcea sp.,
Welw. Apontam. p. 551 sub n. 98.

Pi;inck's Island. — By thickets near Baixa de Santo Antonio, wild
but not indigenous ; fl. Sept. 18.53. No. 6209.

This handsome species is cultivated in some Loanda gardens.

14. STICTOCARDIAHall.f. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xviii. p. 159 (22
Dec. 1893) ; Peter in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 3a, p. 376 (1897).

Arqyreia Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 869, partly.

1. S. tiliaefolia Hall, f., I.e.

Convolri(his fidd'J'olius Desrous.s. in Lam. Encycl. Meth. iii. p. 544
(1789). Nire(( tilio'foHa Choisy in Mem. Soc.'Phys. Genev. vi. p. 407
(1834); J. A. Schmidt, Beitr. Fl. Cap. Verd. Ins. p. 234 (1852).

Capi: de Verde Islands. — Petals rosy violet in colour, very fugacious.
In bushy places on Monte Verde, on the island of St. Vincent, at an
elevation of 800 to 1000 ft. ; fl. end of Aug. 1853. No. 6213.

15. CUSCUTA Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 881.

1. C. planiflora Tenore, Fl. Nap. iii. p. 250 (1824-9); Engelm.
in Trans. Acad. 8c. 8t. Louis, i. p. 464 (1859).

Cuscuta (sp.), Wehv. in Journ. Linn. 8oc. v. p. 185 (1861).

Var. (?) mossamedensis (Welw. ms. in lierb.).

A slender, twining, leafle.ss, glabrous or minutely glandular-
puberulous herb; stems filiform, smooth, purplc-bloodred or even
orange-coloured at the nodes, very intricately twisted, flexible,
rather tenacious, floribund ; flowers globose-urceolate, closely
clustered, about yY ^^ y-^ ^^- ^^ diameter, sessile or subsessile ; tiie
clusters globose, ^ to l in. in diameter ; calyx green-reddish,
4-lobed ; the segments broadly ovate, obtuse or apiculate ; corolla
white, thinly scarious-membranous, scarcel}' as long as the calyx,
4-cleft ; the lobes triangular, acute, rather spreading; stamens 4,
inserted on the corolla-tube near the top, scarcely included ; anthers
yellow, 2-celled, dehi.scing longitudinally ; ovary obovoid-globose,
turgid, 2-celled, 4-ovulate ; style bipartite ; stigmas linear, about
as long as the ovary ; capsule circumsciss at the base, imperfectly
2-celled; seeds usually 4, t?^ in. long, obovoid, chestnut-brown or
yellowish dusky, erect.

MossAMEDEs. — Parasitic on Mcrrem'm multisecta HaUier f. (Welw.
herb. no. ')112), between Cazimba and Mo.ssamedes by the road to Cabo
Negro, in gravelly sub-maritime stations flooded in the rainy season,
sometimes more than a mile from the ocean, plentiful but seen nowhere
else : fl. and fr. 4 Sept. 1859. No. 6141 and Coll. Cahp. 112.

2. C. blepharolepis Welw. ms. in herb.

A herb, fleshy throughout, brittle, of a deep orange or saffron
colour ; stems cylindrical, smooth ; flowers sessile or subsessile,

''■^^ Lxxxvii. coNvoLVULACE.«, [Cuscuta

about yV in. in diameter, several or many together in lateral
distant or approximated clusters of about i in. in diameter which
often have an ovate-rotundate bract -jV in. long at the base ;
calyx and corolla 5-cleft, pale yellowish ;" calyx hemispherical, its
lobes broadly ovate, obtuse ; corolla rather smaller than the calyx,
the lobes narrower and apiculate ; scales oblong, relatively large,
deeply fringed on the margin sul)jacent to the stamens, embracing
the styles and in this way closing the corolla-throat ; anthers
yellow ; connective produced at the apex ; ovary 2-celled, seated
on a thick waxy saffron-coloured disk, the cells 2-ovulate ; styles 2,
straight, exserted together Avith the stamens ; stigmas disciform-
capitate ; seeds ^^ to y/^ in. long.

PuNGO Andongo. — In the more elevated wooded bushy parts of Pedra
de Cabondo, infesting shrubs and neighbouring herbs, such as Cissus,
Paullhim, and Urticaceje, with a very dense saffron-coloured network ;
fl. and fr. beginning of Dec. ]856 and April 1857. No. 6140.

The following No. appears to belong to the family, and possibly
is Aniseia martinicensis Choisy : —

HuiLLA. — Root-tuber solid, large, turnip-shaped, sending up several
prostrate elongated sarmentose stems ; leaves alternate, distant, obovate-
lanceolate, deep green, thinly fleshy. The tuber was obtained near
LopoUo, and the leafy shoot was grown in the Lumiar garden near
Lisbon. No. 6750.

LXXXVIII. SOLANACE^.

In the highlands of Huilla, where manioc does not succeed, the
common potato was introduced in 1840, and is extensively
cultivated by the negroes of Munhaneca in Humpata ; in
Welwitsch's time the potato disease had not appeared there.
After a prolonged diet of potatoes in Humpata, the Monanos, who
were quite unaccustomed to them, suffered from an outbreak of
dysentery.

The Daturas appear to have immigi-ated from Asia ; they, as
well as hemp, have the Bunda name " Sambalage," derived from
dtlage, which means madness ; their poisonous narcotic properties
have been known to the negroes from the earliest times.
Welwitsch was convinced in several instances that the seeds were
intentionally used to produce poisoning, which in each case was
attributed to other poisonous plants known only to the negroes.
The drugging of palm wine with Datura, which is supposed to
be caused by the so-called " Fel de Jacari," supplies an emphatic
proof.

1. LYCOPERSICON Tournef. ex Miller (1759); Benth. &
Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 888 {LyGopersicum).

1. L. esculentum Mill. Gard. Diet., edit. 8, n. 2 (1768); Welw.
Apontam. p. 551 sub n. 100 (1859).

SoUmum Lycopersicum L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 185 (1753). S.
ceras'i/orme Dunal, Hist. Solan, p. 113 (1813).

Lijcopersicon] Lxxxviii. soLANACE.f:. 745

Baiuia no Bencu), Loanda, etc.— An annual prostrate herb ;
branchlets ascending ; flowers yellow ; fruit globose, as l)ig as a very
large cherry, glossy, of an orange-cinnabar colour, soft when ripe,
quickly rotting. Perfectly spherical fruits and other fruits ribbed-
sulcate and a little larger were frequently seen by Welwitsch to occur
on the same individual plants. Wild but not indigenous, very
plentifully occurring in all neglected formerly cultivated places and
about dwellings, also at the stations (called Quilombo) of the migratory
negroes, from the Atlantic shore to Condo ; in fields between Quicuxe
and Cacuaco ; fl. and fr. beginning of Aug. 1H58. No. 6046.

This plant is "especially frequent about the fundas (caravan en-
campments) in company with Chonie and Psidiitm. There is a rapid
transition from the large-sized berries to those no bigger than cherries,
with several instead of only two cells.

2. SOLANUM Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 88S.

1. S. nigrum L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 186 (1753), partly.
GoLU.NCo Alto. — Stems ascending. Varzea grande of the Coango ;

fl. and yoimg fr. June 185G. Xo. 6099. Stem at the base ascending,
cylindrical, glossy, nodose at the ramification, angular above ; flowers
white ; anthers yellow : berries black. Among plants of manioc and
beans in the varzea of Isidoro at the river Coango ; fl. and fr. July
1855. No. 6100- An annual herb, sometimes ascending, sometimes
erect ; stem angular ; flowers mostly 5-clef t but not rarely 4-cleft,
white ; anthers yellow : berries black. In plots planted with beans
and maize, near Sange, sporadic ; fl. and fr. beginning of Aug. 185o.
No. 6101. In fl. June 1857. Only one specimen. No. 6101 />•

Var. villosum L., I.e.

PuNGO ANDON(iO. — An annual, ascending herb ; stem angular ;
flowers white, small ; berries black. In damp and also in dry fields
and in uncultivated places, tolerably plentiful near Cabondo : also in
localities far removed from dwellings ; fl. and fr. April 1857. No. 6109.

MossA>n:DE.s. — An annual herb, h to 2 ft. high. In damp sandy
places at the banks of the river Bero, near Mossamedes ; fl. and fr.
July 1859. No. 6036^.

Hrii.LA. — Leaves coarsely toothed. In bushy places at cataracts
near Lopollo ; fl. 11 Jan. 1860. No. 6036. An annual, erect herb,
2 to 3 ft. high ; flowers white. In moist places by fields near Lopollo,
Embala ; fl. 8 Nov. 1859. No. 6035.

Var. guineensis L., I.e.

GoLUNco Alto. — Varzea near Camilungo : fl. and young fr. ^lay
1855. No. 6102.

2. S. suffruticosum Scliousboo ex Willd. Euum. llort. Berol.
p. 236 (1809).

Icoi.o E Ben(;(). — In palm-groves at the river Bengo ; fl. and fr.
Dec. 1853. No. 6053.

Perhaps only a shrubby variety of 5^. iiigrtoii.

3. S. nodiflorum Jacq. Ic PI. R-.n: ii. p. 11, t. 326 (1786-1793).
*S'. tinctorium Welw. Apontam. pp. 551, 590, n. 95 (1859), and

Synopse Explic. p. 29, n. 70(1862); Picalho,Pl. Utei.s, p. 232(1884).

GoLDNeiO Alto.— An annual or biennial, decumbent herb, 2 to 3 ft.

high, with the aspect of S. nignim but with smaller flowers and in

746 Lxxxviii. soLANACE.E. [Solanum

other respects more robust ; stem thick, marked with two acute wings
by the decurrent base of the leaves, branched ; leaves broadly ovate ;
flowers small, white ; berries globose, black, or when ripe atro-
purpureous. in size like a very large pea or the grape called in
Portugal Bastardo, valued for thoir deep purple juice, which the
negroes use as an ink (and with which Welwitsch wrote his notes
relating to the specimens). In places neglected after cultivation and
about negro villages in Sobatos IBango, Quilombo, etc., not uncommon ;
fl. and fr. end of Jan. 1855, in July and middle of Aug. 1856, and in
June 1857. No. 6103 and Coll. Carp. 138, 789, 790, 791.

PuNGO And()X(;(). — A slender, erect, annual herb, in habit more or
less like S. niqrum ; flowers white ; fruit from black to atropurpureous.
In manioc plantations near Luxillo ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1857. A slender
form of the species. No. 6108.

MossAMEDES. — At Cavalheiros ; fl. July 1859. " Herba Moira."
No. 6033.

HuiLLA. — In moist herbaceous places by the banks of the Lopollo
river ; fl. Dec. 1859. No. 6034.

In Golungo Alto this herb is called by the natives " Disue."
Welwitsch stated that the writing on some documents in the govern-
ment office there, after having been written with the purple ink of
the berries upwards of forty years, preserved their original colour.
Perhaps only a variety of S. nigrum, the Portuguese name of which
is " herva moira.'

4. S. Thonningianum Jacq. f. Eclog. i. p. 123, t. 83 (1816);
Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 232 (1884).

5. Atropo Schum. & Thonn. in Dansk. Vid. Selsk. iii. 144 (1828).

LOANDA. — A herb, 3 or rarely 4 ft. high, nearly glabrous through-
out, divaricately branched ; stem and leaf -nerves atropurpureous ;
flowers large, of a deep violet colour ; berries good to eat, depresso-
globose, hollowed at the apex, like a tangerine orange in shape and
colour. In places neglected after cultivation, between Loanda and
Camama ; at Bemposta in company with Jfarsilea ; fl. 18 May 1859.
Negro name " Mamote," No. 6076.

5. S. pauperum Wright in Kew Bull. 1894, p. 127.

Loanda. — A shrublet, 3 ft. high, branched from the base ; branches
spreading ; leaves membranous, deep green ; flowers from whitish to
pomegranate-purple, berries brick-red. In thickets near Imbondeiro
dos Lobos, here and there ; fl. and young fr. June 1858 ; at Alto das
Cruzes and near Museque de L. Gomez ; fl. Feb. 1854. No. 6054. No
notes. Nos. 6074 and 6075. An evergreen shrub ; leaves green, more
or less oblong : flowers clear blue; berries scarlet. By thickets, sporadic ;
f r. beginning of March 1854. Apparently this species. Coll. Carp. 796.

6. S. bifurcum Hochst. in Schimp. PI. Abyss, i. n. 201 (V. i.
1840) ; A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 98 (1851) (bifurcatum) ; Dnnal in
DC. Prodr. xiii. 1, p. 77 (1852),

PuxGO Andongo.— Mata de Cabondo ; fl. Feb. 1857. No. 6107. A
shrub, climbing to a great height ; flower clear blue ; berries brick-red.
In the dense primitive forests of Pungo; fl. and fr. April 1857. No. 6106.

The following No., which is represented in the British Museum
by a fragmentary specimen, should be compared with this species ;
in the study set the inflorescence is leaf-opposed, cymose, peduncu-
late, and rather slender : —

lSolanuiii\ Lxxxviii. solanace^. 747

Bum no.— Flowers deep lilac. Climbing ; in Serra da Cliella : fl.
Oct. 1859. No. 6032.

7. S. Welwitschii Wright in Kew Bull. 1894, p. 126.
S. 2)endi(,lum Welw. ins. ex Wright, I.e., not of others.
Cazkngo. — A shrub, 6 to 10 ft. high, divaricately branched ; sar-

mentose branches long, climbing ; leaves fleshy-coriaceous, brittle ;
flowering and fruiting branchlets very crowded, pendulous ; flowers of
a deep violet colour, almost like those of S. Dnh-ainara ; corolla-lobes
during the flowering reflected-spreading ; anthers closely connivent
from the base to the apex, deep orange-yellow, dehiscing by two large
apical pores. In the most elevated forests of the Muxaulo mountains,
sparingly ; fl. beginning of June IHoS. (Also in Mata de Quisuculo in
Golungo Alto ; fr. Sept. 18.Jo ; cf. no. 6098.) No. 6081.
Goi.UNcio Alto.— No notes. In fr. No. 6098.

8. S. delagoense Dunal in DC. Prodr. xiii. 1, p. 349 (1852).
LoANDA.— A herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, patently branched above, rarely

somewhat shrubby at the base ; flowers large, of a pretty violet colour ;
berries deep sulphur-yellow, like a very large cherry in size. In dry
hilly places about the city of Loanda ; fl. and fr. May and June 18.58.
No. 6049. No notes. An unarmed plant in fl. and fr., perhaps
belonging here. No. 6078.

HuiLLA. — Sometimes very prickly, sometimes almost unarmed ;
flowers violet-coloured. In bushy pastures between Nene and Mum-
puUa ; fl. Oct. 1859. Apparently this species. No. 6031.

9. S. albifolium Wright in Kew Bull. 1894, p. 127.

S. saponaceam Welw. Apontam. p. 551 and p. 588 n. GO (1859);
Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 232 (1884) ; non Dunal.

Golungo Alto. — A small tree of 6 to 8 ft., with the trunk bare
b( low and divaricately branched above, or usually a shrub of 4 to 5 ft. ;
flowers white or whitish-violet ; fruit edible. By secondary thickets
near Quibixe ; fl. Dec. 1854. No. 6095. Fl. and fr. No. 6095/>. A
shrub as tall as a man, smooth or spiny ; leaves pinnatifid-lobed, white-
tomentose beneath. At Sange ; seeds, March 1855. Coll. Caup. 792.

PuNGo ANDONfiO. — A tortuously branched, httle tree, 6 to 10 ft.
high, or usually a shrub of 4 to 5 ft. ; leaves discolorous ; fruit sulphur-
coloured, shining, as large as a pigeon's egg. In sunny bushy places
near Candumba ; fl. and fr. March 1857. Coll. Cakp. 793. The
spiny variety ; seeds. Cohh. Cakp. 794. An arborescent shrub. At
Condo; seeds, March 1857. Probably this species. Coll. Cakp. 801.

In Golungo Alto the native name is " Dondolo " or " Jiiidondolo " ;
it ranges from 4 to 12 ft. in height, and the seeds are used by the
negroes for washing clothes : it is on that account also called Ambaca
soap, for in that district it is in very frequent use. There is a variety
with spines, and another without.

Bumbo. — A shrub, 5 to (J ft. high ; trunk straight, with rambling
branches at the apex. In sunny parts of Serra da Xella ; without
fl. or fr. Oct. 1859. This determination is doubtful : the foliage much
resembles that of S. aculeustruiu Dunal. No. 6040.

10. S. Naumanni Engl. Bot. Jahrb. viii. p. 64 (1886).

Loanda ?— No notes. With no. G077. In fl and fi-. No. 6077^-
The fruit is § to | in. in diameter.

748 Lxxxviii. soLANACE^. [Solmium

U.S. catombelense Peyritsch in Sitz. Akad. Math.-Nat. Wien
xxxviii. p. 576 (1860).

*S'. albotomentosum Wright in Kew Bull. 1894 p. 128.

LoANDA. — An undershrub, divaricately branched, 2 to 2^ ft. high,
mostly erect : stem sometimes prickly, sometimes unarmed ; leaves
polymorphous ; flowers small, from milk-white to lilac ; berries scarlet.
In rather dry bushy and rocky places ; near Maianga do Povo. fl. and
fr. Feb. 1858 ; about Alto das Cruzes, fl. June 1858. No. 6048. At
Praia de Concei^'ao ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1858. No. 6077- Silky-tomentose
on the stem branches and foliage ; branches patently divaricate, bent
in a zigzag manner ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, repand ; flowers moderate
in size : corolla violet in colour ; anthers orange ; berries orange-scarlet,
pea-sized. Not uncommon in rocky places especially maritime, at
Praia de Bispa and near Maianga del Rei ; fl. and fr. July 1858.
No. 6050. No notes. Fl. and fr. No. 6050^'. Shrubby ; leaves
glaucous-tomentose ; flowers small, sparse ; berries crowded, cinnabar-
red, chartaceous and dry when ripe. At rocks close by the ocean near
Samba ; fr. Dec. 1853. Coll. Cakp. 795. A pubescent-hoary under-
shrub ; flowers violet in colour ; berries deep cinnabar-red, dry. At
Praia da Zamba grande ; fr. Feb. 1858. Coll. Cari'. 798.

MossAMEDKS, — A divaricately branched shrublet, 2 ft. high ; stem
prickly ; flowers violet-coloured ; berries at first sulphur-coloured, soon
turning orange-scarlet, as big as a pea. In bushy sandy places at the
river Bero ; fl. and fr. end of June 1859. No. 6041.

Dr. Karl von Keissler, of Vienna, at my request has kindly compared
a specimen of No. G048 with the type of Peyritsch's species, Wawra,
n. 268, and certifies their identity : it is probably not distinct from
S. Naumunni Engl. ; the berries range from i to | in. in diameter.

The following possibly belongs here : —

LOANDA. — An evergreen shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high ; leaves tomentose ;
flowers handsome, deep violet in colour. At Maianga del Rei ; seeds,
July 1854. Coll. Carp, 797.

12. S. coagulans Forsk. Fl. ^-Egypt.-Arab. p. 47 (1775).
Bexguella.— In fl. June 1859. No. 6039&.

MossAMEDKS.— Shrubby, 3 ft. high, always more or less leafy,
yellowish-hoary, divaricately branched ; flowers large, deep violet in
colour ; berries yellow, spherical, as large as a walnut. In sandy bushy
places at the banks of the river Bero ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 6039.

13. S. Melongena L. Sp. PL edit 1, p. 186 (1753) ; Welw.
Apontam. p. 551 sub n. 100 (1859).

S. esculentum Dunal. Hist. Solan, p. 208, t. 3e (1813) and in
DC. Prodr. xiii. 1 p. 355 (1852). *S'. edule Schum. & Thonn. in
Dan.sk. Vidensk. Selsk. iii. p. 145 (1828); Ficalho, PI. Utei-s, p. 231.

AMP.Af'A.^Shrubby, 3 to 4 ft. high, hoary-tomentose throughout ;
flowers whitish. In dry fields near Pemba and in hilly places near the
river Lucala, not uncommon ; fl. middle of Oct. 185G. No. 6083. An
erect suffrutescent herb, divaricately branched towards the apex ;
flowers whitish. In a spot neglected after cultivation near N-gombe,
very rare ; fl. Oct. 1856. No. 6084.

Var. inerme (Dunal in DC, I.e.).

GoLUNCiO Alto.— Fruit yellow, pendulous. In the drier secondary
thickets near Sange ; fl. and fr. No. 6091. In secondary thickets on

jSolamon] Lxxxviii. solanace.-e. 749

the left bank of the river Cuango ; fl. and fr. May 1855. No. 6092.
A stout undershrub, 4 or rarely 5 ft. high, unarmed, with irregularly
divaricate branches ; flowers whitish : calyx usually 0- or 7-cleft ;
berry depresso-globose, deeply furrowed, orange-scarlet, edible, even
the unripe fruit being greedily consumed by the negroes, the ribs
obtuse and unequal like those in LijfnjH'vxifoii. Wild here and there
about the village and deserted dwellings, and cultivated : at an
abandoned sensala (native village) on the bank of the river Luinha in
Queta : fl. and fr. July IS.'^G. Native name ^' xV-gilla." No. 6093. A
diffuseh' branched shrul) or undershrub, '2 to 3 ft. high : flowers
white ; fruit as large as a small pigeon's egg, at first ivory-coloured,
afterwards turning yellow, edible. About Banza do Sobato Bango ;
fl. and fr. 7 Sept. 1855. No. 6094.

14. S. scalare Wright in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 93 (1894).
Goi,rN(;<) Alto. — Flowers violet in colour : berries reddening. In

rough places on rubbish heaps and by roadsides near Sange ; fr.
No. 6088. A patently branched herb, 3 to 4 ft. high, whitish-lepidote
throughout ; flowers white, occasionally a little purplish ; berries
scarlet, as big as peas. In rather dry bushy places near Camilungo,
etc., frequent but always solitary ; fl. Feb. 18515. No. 6089. No
notes. In fl. and fr. iS"o. 6089/'. A herb, 2i to 3i or rarely 4 ft.
high : stem straight, patently branched ; flowers whitish : berries
cinnabar-red. In somewhat shad)' parts of palm groves on the left
bank of the river Quibolo ; fl. and fr. March and July ISoIk No. 6090-
A shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high : leaves tomentose ; flowers white ; fruit
orange-red. In sunny places near Aldea do Golungo Alto ; fr. Sept.
Apparently this species. Coll. Carp. 799.

Puxoo AxnoNGo. — A branched undershrub, 4 ft. high ; stems and
flowers violaceous-purpurascent ; berries scarlet. In thickets to the
south of the presidium at the banks of the river Casabale ; fl. and fr.
Jan. 1857. No. 6104.

15. S. insigne Lowe in Journ. Hort. Soc, n.s. i. p. 178 (1867).
Mos.samedp:^. — A small tree, 5 to 7 ft. high, with a broad head :

branches erect ; branchlets spreading ; leaves rather fleshy, dull green ;
flowers from whitish to purplish ; berries ellipsoidal, orange-cinnabar
in colour. Cultivated in gardens at Mossamedes, which was said to
have recently been introduced from Oporto ; fl. and fr. June 1859.
No. 6037.

In the study set the inflorescence is 3 in. long and pedunculate, and
the berry is fusiform. 2 in. long, shining, and glabrous.

16. S. Mannii Wright in Kew Bull. 1894, p. 129.
Var. compactum Wright, I.e.

Amhriz.— Hills near Ambriz ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. No. 6079.

LinoNGo. — An annual erect herb, nearly simple, 7 in. high, with the
habit of S. nigrum. In sandy places at the river Lifune near Banza
de Libongo, in company with Physalis ; fl. and young fr. Sept. 1858.
No. 6080.

Baura do Dandi:. — A strongly branched shrub, 4 to G ft. high ;
branches tomentose, prickly ; flowers white ; berries cinnal);ir-red.
In gravelly places at the mouth of the river Dande ; fl. and fr. Nov.
1853. No. 6052.

Zlnz.v no GoLiNtio. — In dry bushy places near Calumguembo ; frag-
mentary, apparently of this species ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1854. No. 6087.

Ambaca. — An erect undershrub, woody at the base, 3 to 4 ft.

750 Lxxxviii. soLANACE^. [Solanum

high ; leaves membranous but rather fleshy : flowers from whitish to
lilac ; anthers yellow ; berries at first yellowish, at length turning
black. On bushy hills near Puri-Cacarambola, sparingly : fl. and fr
middle of Oct. 1856. No. 6082.

PUNGO Andongo.— An undershrub, 3 ft. high ; flowers white ;
berries cinnabar-red, scarcely as big as peas. In bushy pastures in the
presidium and at Pedra Cabondo ; fl. and young fr. end of Nov. 1856.
No. 6105.

17. S. indicum L. Sp. PI., edit, i., p. 187 (1753), partly.
HuiLLA. — A strongly branched and prickly shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high :

flowers violet in colour ; berries scarlet. Usually growing in dense
masses on the sites of previous negro-huts, flowering nearly throughout
the year ; at Embala de Lopollo ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1869 and April 1860.
No. 6038. A shrublet, 3 to 4 ft. high ; leaves sinuate ; berries cinnabar-
red, pea-shaped. May 1860. Determination doubtful. Coll. Carp. 81.

18. S. duplosinuatum Kl. in Peters, Mossamb. Bot. p. 233 (1861).
GoLUNGO Alto.— An undershrub or rarely a shrub, 2 to 3^ ft. high.

sometimes almost unarmed, sometimes bristling with white-yellowish
prickles ; corolla deep violet in colour, usually 5- but not rarely
6-cleft. In rather dry sunny places at the outskirts of thickets
throughout !the district, plentiful ; at Sange, fl. beginning of Aug.
1855. No. 6096. A much branched, very prickly undershrub ;
flowers large, violet in colour ; berries deep yellow, as large as a
pigeon's egg. In rough sunny places near Sange ; seeds July 1857.
Apparently this species. Coll. Carp. 800.

Prince'.s Island. In fr. Sept. 1853. A poor specimen, apparently
of this species. No. 6085-

19. S. fuscatum L. Sp. PI., edit. 2, i. p. 268 (1762).

Cape de Verde Islands. — At Villa da Praia in the island of San
Thiago ; fl. Jan. 1861. No. 6086.

3. PHYSALIS L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 890.

1. P. minima L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 183 (1753); Dunal in DC.
Prodr. xiii. 1, p. 445 (1852).

P. divaricata D. Don, Prodr. p. 97 (1825) ; Dunal, I.e., p. 444.

LiBONGO. — An annual, erect herb, branched from the base ; flowers
from whitish to yellowish ; fruit pale yellow, in size (without the
calyx) Hke a very large pea, eaten by the negroes and found by
Welwitsch not altogether unpleasant. In damp sandy places at the
banks of the river Lifune, near Banza de Libongo ; fl. and fr.
Sept. 1858. Negro name " Cab6boad." No. 6055.

GoLUNGo Alto. — Stem angular, 2 to 3 ft. high ; ripening calyx
acutely angular, the keels of the angles somewhat crenate and beset
with long hyaline hairs ; corolla pale sulphur in colour, small. In
the rather shady parts of thickets, also at roadside ; road towards
Capopa ; fl. and young fr. 1 Dec. 1854. No. 6057- A prostrate herb,
with a mouse-like smell throughout ; stems divaricately branched,
densely shaggy ; flowers yellowish. In places neglected after cultiva-
tion, on a moist sandy soil, in company with species of Cyperus^ etc.,
in Sobato Cabanga-Cacalungo ; fl. and fr. beginning of Feb. 1855.
No. 6058. In like situations at the base of 'the Cungulungulo moun-
tains ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1855. No. 6059. Stem at first erect, afterwards
weakened by the rapid development of the lower branches ; the basal

P/lT/Salis] LXXXVIII. SOLAN ACE.E. 751

branches greatly elongated, decumbent ; corolla sulphur-yellow,
atropurpureous towards the base both inside and out. In cultivated
and sunny sandy places, not everywhere ; at Varzea do Isidro near
Sange ; tl. and f'r. July 1855. No. 6056.

MossAMEDES. — Berries eaten. In damp fields, especially in planta-
tions of cotton and sugar, often too abundant ; 11. and fr. July 1859.
No. 6026.

The leaves are generally eaten by the negroes. It occurred plenti-
fully at the lake of Quilunda, near Prata, in the district of Icold k
Bengo ; ti. and fr. Sept. 1S54.

4. CAPSICUM Touinef., L. ; Benth. &: Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 892.

1. C. annuum L. Sp. PI, edit. 1, p. 188 (175.3) ; Fing(>rh. Men.
Caps. p. 12, t. 2 (1832).

LoAXDA. — In the city : probably cultivated ; fr. Nov. 1860.
Apparently this species or possibly C longuin DC. Coll. Carp. 803.

2. C. frutescens L., /.c, p. 189 ; Fingerh., I.e., p. 17, t. 4, fig. c.
Amuriz. — Cultivated and wild ; fr. Apparently this species or

perhaps C. coiKi/des Mill., which some authors regard as synonymous.
No. 6066.

3. C. baccatum L. Mant. Pi. i. p. 47 (17G7); Fingerh., I.e.,
p. 18, t. 4, fig. A.

C. comarim Yelloz. FI. Flumin. p. 60 (1825) ? ; Welw. in Bol.
Conselho Ultramar. Lisb. No. 7, p. 83, n. G8 (Aug. 1854).

Ambuiz. — Cultivated near Mubango and Quibanza ; fl. and fr. end
of Nov. 18j3. Negro name '" Comorim." No. 6068, and Coll.
Carp. 802.

GoLUN(iO Alto. — Ripe berries more or less ellipsoidal, scarlet, not
eaten by the negroes. In the forests of nearly all the Sobatos, but
sporadic, very remote from human habitations and even in the
densest forests, apparently indigenous ; in Mata de Quibanga : fl. and
fr. Dec. 1855. No. 6071- Not uncommon in the primitive forest of
Mata de Quibanga ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1856. No. 6084.

4. C. cerasiforme Miller, Gard. Diet., edit. 8, n. 5 (1768).

C. MiUerl Boem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. iv. p. 563 (1819)
Fingeih., I.e., p. 20.

PuNGO AxDONtio. — Fruit spherical, strongly pungent. Cultivated
in Sansamanda ; fr. 30 April 1857. No. 6070.

5. C. cordiforine Miller, I.e.. n. 2 ; Fingerh., I.e., p. 29, tt. 9, 10.
Ambkiz.— Cultivated ; in fr. No. 6035. At Mubango, wild ; fl.

and fr. No. 6067.

Calumbo. — A shrub, 3 ft. high or more, strongly branched above :
branches bent in a zigzag manner ; calyx obtusely pentagonal, bent
down in flower, almost truncate at the mouth, obscurely 5-toothed, the
teeth obtuse ; corolla from yellow to greenish, with ovate-acuminate
lobes ; anthers cordate-ovate, dull green. At Quilonibo between
Camama and Calumbo, wild ; fl. and fr. June 1858. Native name of
the shrub " MoliingO " and of the fruit " N-dungo-Jindungo." See
Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 233 (1884). No. 6047.

GoLCNGo Alto. — In secondary thickets near Cacarambola : fr.
without foliage, beginning of Scot. 1856. Apparently this species.
No. 6097.

48

752 Lxxxviii. SOLANACE/E. [Cajjsicum

PuNGO Andoxgo. — Fruit ellipsoidal-clavate, pungent. Cultivated
in Sansamanda ; fr. 2 May 1857. Perhaps this species ; compare the
variety oUrmforme Dunal (C. oUvceforme Miller, I.e., n. G). No. 6069.

5. PHYSALOIDES Moench, Meth. PI. p. 473 (1794), non Suppl.
p. 178 (1802).

Withania Pauq. Diss. Bellad. p. 14 (1824) ; Benth. & Hook. f.
Gen. PL ii. p. 893.

1. P. somnifera Moench, I.e.

PhysaJis somnifera L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 182. n. 1 (1753) ; J. A.
Schmidt, Beitr. PL Cap. Verd. Ins. p. 236 (1852). Cf. Physalis
(sp.), Welw. in Bol. Cons. Ultr. Lisb. No. 7, p. 83, n. 74 (1854).

Bexguelt.a. — A herb, sometimes suffruticose, sometimes frutescent
and hard-woody at the base ; flowers sordid-yellow. In bushy sandy
submaritime places at the river Cavaco, not uncommon ; fl. and fr.
19 June 1859. No. 6027.

MossAMEDES. — A dichotomously branched, melancholy-looking
shrub, 4 to 7 or even 8 ft. high ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, shortly
acute ; flowers yellowish ; berries scarlet. In sandy thickets at the
banks of the river Bero ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 60276.

HuiLLA. — An erect undershrub ; stems several, 3 ft. high ; calyx
clothed with a snow-white felt when young and during the flowering,
afterwards turning green ; corolla from green to yellowish. In hilly
bushy rather dry places near Lopollo, sporadic ; fl. Jan. 1860.
No. 6025.

Cape de Verde Islands. — In the island of San Thiago ; fr.
Jan. 1861. No. 6060.

6. PENTAGONIA Heister ex Fabric. Enum. PI. Hort.
Helmstad., edit. 1, p. 184 (1759); non Vent. (1841), nee Benth.
(1844), nee Moehring (1736).

Physalodes Boehmer in Ludwig, Defin. Gen. PI., edit. 3, p. 41
(1760). Nicandra Adans. (1763); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii.
p. 897; non Schreb. (1789).

1. P. physalodes.

A trojxi physalodes L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 181 (1753). Kicandra
physaloides Gsertn. Fruct. ii. p. 237, t. 131, f. 2 (1791); Welw.
Apontam. p. 551, sub n. 100. Physalodes peruvia^mm 0. Kuntze.
Bev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 452 (1891). Ph. p)hysalodes Britton in Mem.
Torr. Club, v. p. 287 (1894).

LoANDA. — Attaining 2 ft., flowering when 6 in. high. Near Maianga
do Povo, wild ; fl. Jan. 1858. No. 6072.

Prince's Island.— In fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. No. 6062.

7. LYCIUM L. ; Benth. & Hook, f . Gen. PI. ii. p. 900.

1. L. decumbens Welw. ms. in Herb., sp. n.

A glabrescent shrublet, 1 to 1^ ft. high ; stems prostrate,
rather thick, somewhat ashy and shining, nodose, intricately
branched, spiny; branches rigid, mostly divaricate, nodose,
spiny ; branchlets glandular-squamulose, leafy ; spines whitish,
very rigid, acute, patent, \ to \ in. long ; leaves alternate and
fasciculate, oblanceolate, rounded at the apex, wedge-shaped to

Lycium] Lxxxviii. solanace/E. 753

the sessile or subsessile base, fleshy, glandular-squiimulose at
least beneath, glaucescent, I to ? in. long by .t'j to i in.
broad, Hat, entire ; flowers axillary, solitary, | in. long ; peduncle
about 1 in. long ; calyx campanulate, ]. in. long, pale green,
shortly trifid, glandular-squamulose outside; lobes more or less
broadly ovate, obtuse, shortly ciliolate, j^ to ^^^ in. long ;
corolla funnel-shaped, from yellowish to violet-coloured, glabrous
outside, veiny; dee{)ly cleft down one side, otherwise shortly
lobed ; throat glandular-bearded ; the limb pentamerous, im-
bricate ; the lobes rounded, about J in. long ; stamens 5, rather
shorter than the coiolla, rather unequal, inserted on the corolla-
tube about level with the top of the calyx; filaments hairy
towards the base ; style slightly longer than the stamens, shortly
cleft at the apex.

MossAMEDES. — On elevated maritime rocks covered with blown
sand, near Cabo Negro ; fl. Sept. 1859. No. 6024.

This species has somewhat the aspect of L. (irdhicnm Schweinf., but
it differs by the fewer calyx-lobes and by the hairiness of the lower part
of the filaments, etc.

8. DATURA L. ; Benth. k Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 901.

1. D. Stramonium L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 179 (1753); Welw.
Apontam. p. 551, sub n. 100 (1859).

LoANDA. — In poor pastures at the coast near Concei(,ao ; fr. 24 Aug.
1854. No. 6051.

MossAMEDES. — In bushy sandy places at the banks of the river Bero.
near Quipola ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 6030.

2. D. fastuosa L. Syst. Nat. edit. 10, ii. p. 932 (1759); Welw.
Apontam. p. 551, sub n. 100 (1859).

Var. alba C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. p. 243 (1883).

D. alba Nees in Trans. Linn. Soc. xvii. p. 73 (1834) ; Welw.,
I.e., p. 590, n. 84.

LoANDA. — Peduncles glabrous, axillary ; calyx but little or scarcely
inflated at the base, simply tubular, 5-nerved, green between the
nerves with raised veiny rugosities ; corolla yellow-greenish when
young, soon turning white, transversely wrinkled at the nerves which
run out into the lobes ; capsule globose, shining, brown, beset all over
with pyramidal prickles which are rather hard at the apex ; seeds
reniform, brown. In cultivated plots and neglected fields, more or less
solitary ; at Imbondeiro dos Lobos ; fl. and fr. end of July 1858. The
flowers give off the nauseous smell of the genus less than the leaves.
No. 6042. Stem 3 to 4 ft. high, divaricately branched, atropurpureous.
quite shining, woody at the base ; flowers not foetid ; the tube pale
whitish-yellowish. On maritime sands of the Cazanga island, where
it is wild and abundant ; fl. and fr. 14 Mar. 1858. The shining violet
colour of the stems and leaves ornament the very white sands to a
remarkable degree, especially when the not less abundant Trihuhis
terrextris is also present with its large golden-j'ellow flowers.
Apparently indigenous No. 6043 and Coll. Cakp. 804.

GoLUXGo Alto. — Flowers white, large, sub-pendulous. About
negro villages, not uncommon ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1855. No. 6061.
Capsule more or less spherical, rather depressed at the apex : muricate,

754 Lxxxviii. soLANACE^. [Batunt

with short and straight prickles. About negro villages near Sange ;
seeds Feb. 1855. Xative name, " Jila-Andundo." Coll. Cakp. 805.

Bengdella. — An annual, erect, divaricately branched herb, 3 to
3^ ft. high ; leaves densely pubescent, subtomentose ; flowers white,
nauseous in scent also in dry places. In sandy maritime places about
Benguella, plentiful ; fl. and fr. end of June 1859. No. 6028.

MossAJiEDE;^. — An erect, branched herb, 3 ft. high and more :
flowers white. In gravelly places by the banks of the river Bero ;
fl. June 18G0. No. 6029.

The Jila-Andundo occurs about dwellings on rubbish heaps ; in
Dembos it is called "Mutumbella" : in both the districts it is used
as a narcotic to drug palm wine. When a robbery takes place, the
negroes use a mixture of palm wine with the pounded leaves of
Jila-Andundo in order to discover the thief : the mixture when
drunk produces a condition bordering on madness.

9. OESTRUM L. ; Beuth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 904.

1. C. Parqui L'Herit. Stirpes Nov. fasc. iv. p. 73, t. 36 (1788).

Prince's Island. — A shrub as tall as a man, with erect small
trunk-like stems and yellow flowers ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. According
to Welwitsch this appeared indigenous. No. 6063.

10. NICOTIANA Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 90G.
1. N. Tabacum L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 180 (1753).

ICOLO E Bengo. — At the banks of the river Bengo, near Funda,
wild ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1854. The leaves range up to 14f in. long.
No. 6044.

Loanda. — About Imbondeiro dos Lobos, cultivated and afterwards
sporadically and rather rarely half- wild ; fl. June 1858. A broad-
leaved form. No. 6045-

There is in the collection, No. 6073, perhaps another species of this
genus, from the Ambriz district, near the river Quizembo, in fl. and
fr. ; it is an annual herb, H ft. high, erect, simple, with leaves
lanceolate narrowed towards both ends and ranging up to 4 in. long
by § in. broad, flowers nearly 2 in. long and with apiculate corolla-
lobes.

11. SCHWENKIA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 911.
1. S. americana L.Gen. PL, edit. 6, App. p. 567 [577] (1764).
Sierra Leone.— In fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. No. 5923-

Loanda. — An annual herb, stems ctespitose, ascending ; flowers
somewhat like in shape to those of a lobelia, from greenish to bluish,
pentamerous. Very plentiful in pastures near Quicuxe and along
nearly the whole coast as far as Ambriz : fl. and fr. Jan. and May
1859. Native name " Casuanze." The whole plant in a decoction is
good in cases of chest complaints. No. 5914. In manioc plantations ;
fr. Dec. Coll. Carp. 809.

GoLUNGO Alto. — A herb, 1^ ft. high, annual and biennial ; stems
ascending or arching-erect ; flowers sordidly whitish-violet-greenish ;
corolla- tube long, narrow, slightly curved ; the limb subequally
5-lobed ; the sinus-appendages exceeding the lobes, clavate, obtuse :
stamens 4 or 5 (?), only two of them with fully developed anthers ;
style filiform ; stigma capitate ; capsule bivalved at the apex, 2-celled ;
seeds numerous, angular. In rather dry places at roadsides, abundant :
near Sange, fl. and fr. Aug. 1856. No. 5898. In sunny sandy places

.Schvenhia] lxxxviii. solanace^. 755

in manioc plantations, near Aguas Doces ; fl. and fr. June IS'if).
No. 5901. A herb with the habit of Lnhclin or Cepludostiqtnn. By
roadsides near Sange among low bushes ; fl. and fr. S'o. 5902.
Between Trombeta and Caboudo ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1854. Xo. 5903-

LXXXrX. SniOPHULATUACE.K.

1. APTOSIMUM Biirch. ; Benth. & l£ook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 927.

1. A. lineare :\Iarl. & Engl, in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. x. 250 (1888).
Mosi^AMEDES. — A low undershrub, scarcely 9 in. high, very densely

cffispitose, forming clumps 1 to 2 ft. in diameter after the manner of
the spiny species of Astr<tn((lns, with the petioles .sjiiny after the fall
of the leaf-blades, hard ; liowers sublabiate, blue ; style simple, with
a capitellate-truncate stigma ; fruit woody, bivalved, bilocular, the
ralves bifid at the ape.x;, the cells many-seeded, the seeds black and
scrobiculate. In sandy-stony places on a red-sand rock at the base
of Serra de Montes Negros, rather rare ; fl. and fr. 10 Aug. 1859.
No. 5817. In the mountainous rocky parts of Caldeira do Inferno,
damaged by sheep ; fr. June 18(J0. No. 5818

2. A. decumbens Schinz in Yerh. Bot. Brand, xxxi. 184(1890).
Bum 1:0. — In neglected fields after cultivation of Arachis hypogcta,

plentiful ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 5804.

HuiLLA. — In pastures flooded in the rainy season, near Lopollo
towards Empalanca ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1859. A less hairy form.
No. 5803.

3. A. Welwitschii lliern, sp. n.

An undershrub, branched from the base ; branche.s decumbent
or ascending, 4 to 12 in. long, leafy and densely pubescent above
with pale subf ulvous gland-tipped spreading hairs, more or less
leafless sub-glabrate and scattered with dusky specks below, spiny
chiefly below ; spines |- to 1 in. long, straight ; leaves linear-
oblanceolate, pointed at the apex, much attenuate to the sessile
or subsessile base, subscabrid, closely beset with short rather stiff
gland-tipped hairs, entire and narrowly revolute on the cartila-
ginous margins, 1 to 1 ^ in. long by Jg- to \ in. broad ; flowers
axillary, solitary, subsessile ; bracts i to \ in. long, linear, hairy ;
calyx \ to \ in. long, deeply lobed ; the lobes linear, hairy outside,
glabrous inside ; corolla | to ^ in. long, membranous veiny,
glandular-hairy outside ; the tube about 1 in. in diameter, much
narrowing towards the base ; filaments of the fertile stamens
islender, glabrous, i in. long ; fertile anthers 2, unilocular, some-
what hispid or ciliate, yV by ^^ in. ; style nearly i in. long ;
capsule \ in. long, shortly hairy outside ; young seeds papillose.

M(^ssAMKDES. — In gravelly places by the river Maiombo at a place
called A Maiombo ; in late fl. June 18tJ0. No. 5816.

This should be compared with .1. iireiitiriuiK Engl., I.e., and A.
scahcrrhuum Schinz, I.e., p. 185, the types of neither of which have I
seen ; from the former it differs by the size and other characters of
the foliage, and from the latter by its less scabrid scarcely acute leaves.

756 Lxxxix. scrophulariacEjE. [Antickaris

2. ANTICHARIS Eudl. ; Bfinth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 928.

1. A. linearis Hochst. ex Aschers. in Monatsber. Akad. Wiss.
Berl. 1866, p. 882 (1867).

Boratantliera linearis Benth. in DC. Prodr. x. p. 347 (1846).

MossAMEDES. — An annual, erect, branched herb, about 4 to 9 in.
high, with the aspect of Linaria vhckla Moench, glandular-viscid
throughout ; stem and branches slender, purple ; corolla salver-shaped.
the tube gradually widened, the limb 5-cleft, the segments obtuse with
one larger than the others forming a subringent corolla, the tube
whitish-yellow, the limb violet-coloured spotted inside with purple :
capsule 2-celled ; seeds numerous, turning yellow, longitudinally
furrowed. In rocky maritime places at Praia da Amelia and about
Santo Antonio, plentiful ; fl. and very few fr. 20 July 1859. No. 5810-

Our specimens differ from the typical form of the species by the
bracteoles being inserted below the middle of the peduncles.

2. A. Aschersoniana Schinz in Verb. Bot. Brandenb. xxxi.
p. 188 (1890).

MossAMEPES. — An annual herb, from 3 in. to 1 or 2 ft. high, at first
erect and sub-simple, soon decumbent and branched ; branches and
branchlets erect or ascending, glandular- viscid throughout ; flowers
very elegant, with the habit of }[aunindki ; corolla tubular-funnel-
shaped, sublabiate, the tube yellowish-azure, the throat atropur-
pureous, the limb blue outside and blackish purple inside. In sandy
places at the banks of the river Bero, very plentiful ; fl. and fr. June
to Aug. 1859. No. 5815- An erect, slender, annual herb, 1 to 2^ ft.
high, with violet-coloured flowers. In moist sandy somewhat bushy
places n6ar Mata dos Carpinteiros, rare ; not in full fl. at end of June
1859, fl. in Sept. 1859. A form with less divaricate and more mode-
rately glandular-pubescent branches and longer and narrower leaves
than in the previous No. ; the anthers agree. No. 5814.

3. DICLIS Benth. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 932.

1. D. sessilifolia Diels in Engl Bot. Jahrb. xxiii. p. 473 (1897).

HuiLLA. — An erect, annual herb, with the habit of a small Tozzia,
very rapidly becoming limp ; stem tetragonal, branched ; branches
elongated, opposite ; leaves subsessile, opposite ; calyx-segments 5,
the posterior one the largest ; corolla yellow, coloured at the base and
on the spur with purple streaks ; the tube very short, the throat
dilated, the limb two-thirds way bilabiate, the upper lip short bilobed
and spurred behind, the lower lip trifid, the middle lobe larger than
the others and emarginate ; stamens 4, didynamous ; anthers approxi-
mated by pairs, unilocular ; ovary bilocular ; the placentas semi-
cylindrical, turned towards the dissepiment ; style short, straight,
stigma capitate ; fruiting pedicels reflected ; capsule perfectly
spherical, scarcely emarginate, bilocular, bivalved, the valves deeply
emarginate. In a damp pasture by the Humpata river, plentiful but
seen only in one place ; fl. and fr. 24 April 1860. No. 5771, and
Coll. Carp. 812.

4. SUTERA Ptoth, Bot. Bemerk. p. 172 (1807).

Palmstruckia Retz, Obs. Bot. Pugill. 15 (1810), non Send. (1860).

Chcenostoma Benth. in Hook. Oomp. Bot. Mag. i. p. 374 (1836) ;
Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 945. Lyperia Benth., ?.c., p. 377 ;
Benth. & Hook, f., Ic. ; non Salisb. (1866).

J^'iitera] lxxxix. scrophulauiace^. 757

SuteraBxith, Nov. PI. Sp. p. 291 (1821), is Jamesbrittenia (J.
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 461 (1891) and the Satera of Benth.
ct Hook, f., I.e. I do not conciu- with O. Kuntze, I.e., iii. 2, p. 235
(1898) in uniting Mannlea L. with Sutera Eoth (18()7).

1. S. corymbosa.

Chcenostoma cori/mhosimi Marloth & Engl, in Engl. Bot. Jahrb.
X. p. 253 (1888).

var. huillana.

C. cwymbosuvi /3. hnillanum Diels in Engl. I.e., xxiii. 47-1 (1897).

MossAMKDES. — An annual, erect or ascending herb, 1 to 2 ft. high,
viscid throughout ; corolla from whitish to yellowish, marked with
purple veins, the tube violet-coloured. In sandy-muddy places among
herbs and bushes by the banks of the river Maiombo, near Pedra do
llei and Pedra de Sal ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 5806.

I have not seen the type of this species.

2. S. heucherifolia.

Chcenostoina heucherij'ulluni Diels, I.e., p. 475.

MossAMEDEs. — An annual, herbaceous-green herb, 4 to 12 in. high,
branched from the base ; leaves membranous, rather limp ; corolla
white, somewhat yellowish on the tube and at the throat, the limb
regular. In sandy and rocky places at the banks of the river Bero
near Cavalheiros, plentiful ; H. and fr. July and Aug. 18.")9. Xo. 5805-

This species closely resembles in general S. hjpeiiifflora = Urhaiho
lyperkejiora Vatke in CEsterr. Bot. Zeitschr. xxv'. p. 10 (1875), but the
calyx-segments are rather acute and the corolla a little larger, etc.

3. S. huillana.

Chcenostoma huillatucm Diels, I.e., p. 477.

HuiLLA.— A slender shrublet, 2 to 3 ft. high, with the habit of its
flowers almost like a Striffa \ branches patently erect or spreading ;
leaves gi-een in the living state, turning yellowish with impressed
points in the dry state, rather fleshy ; corolla brilliantly purple-red.
In hilly wooded places between Mumpulla and Arroiol do Caionda,
very sparingly ; fl. and fr. June 1860. No. 5834.

This species has the aspect of S. Burkeana {Lyperia Burkeana
Benth.), but the corolla-tube is glabrous outside.

4. S. aurantiaca.

Buchnera aarantiaca Burch. Trav. S. Afr. i. p. 388 (1822).
Lyperia muliijida Benth. in Hook. Comp. Bot, Mag. i. p. 380 (183()).

PuNCO Amk)N'(;o.— Near Condo at the banks of the river Cuanza
on a sandy loamy soil previously flooded ; without fl. or fr. March
1857. Our specimens are only young plants ; they should be compai-ed
with this species. Determination doubtful. No. 1227.

5. NEMIA Berg. PI. Cap- PP- 160, 162 (Aug. 1767).

Manulea L. Mant. PL p. 12 (Oct. 1767); Benth. & Hook. f.
Gen. PI. ii. p. 946.

As to the circumstances attending the publication of Bergius'
name, see Van Hall, Epist. Ined. 0. Linn. pp. 91, 92, 103 (1830).

1. N. angolensis.

Manulea angoknsis Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxiii. p. 478 (1897).

758 LXXXIX. SCROPHULARIACE.E. [jVemia

HuiLLA. — Corolla sordid orange in colour, the limb subringent. In
moist bushy places near a cataract ; fl. end of Oct. 1859. No. 5836.
An annual or biennial herb ; root rather thick or even more or less
turnip-shaped ; radical leaves rosulate ; stem straight, ending in
paniculate racemes of flowers ; flowers orange-dusky, very slender,
rather fleshy ; corolla-tube long ; the limb 5-cleft, sub-bilabiate ; the
four upper lobes approximated, the fifth bent down ; stamens scarcely
reaching the throat of the corolla ; style simple ; stigma a little
thickened. In bushy pastures near Lopollo, plentiful ; fl. and fr.
9 Jan. 1860. No. 5835.

This is nearly related to N.parrifioru {M. parriflora Benth.).

6. MIMULUS L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 94G.

1. M. gracilis Br. Prodr. p. 439 (1810).

PuNGO Andoxgo.- — An annual herb ; rhizome oblique, its fibres
fasciculate ; flowers from whitish tending somewhat to a violet colour.
In marshy meadows at the banks of the river Luxillo, sparingly ; fl.
and fr. March 1857. No. 5874. Stem erect or ascending, slightly
branched, Ih ft. high ; calyx tubular, alate-pentagonal, the limb sub-
equally 5-cleft, the lobes keeled and erect ; corolla whitish straw-
coloured, tubular, bilabiate, the upper lip emarginate, the lower lip
3-lobed, the middle lobe larger than the lateral ones and ornamented
on the disk with orange-yellow points ; stamens 4, didynamous, inserted
on the corolla-lobe, included or scarcely exserted ; anthers all fertile ;
ovary ovoid-ellipsoidal, 2-celled, the cells many-seeded; style somewhat
flattened, spathulate towards the apex and there stigmatose. By
marshes and in damp sandy places at the west Luxillo river, rather
rare ; fl. and fr. April 1857. No. 5855.

MossAMEDES. — An erect herb with the habit of a Gratiola ; rhizome
with numerous fibres ; stems several ; flowers white-rosy. In sandy-
muddy places at the river Bero, rather rare ; fl. July 1859. No. 5807.
In like places at the banks of the river Bero near Cavalheiros, sporadic ;
not yet in full fl. July 1859. No. 5808.

HuiLLA.— Flowers white. In swamps close to the Lopollo stream ;
fl. and fr. Dec. 1859. No. 5796.

7. STEMODIACRA P. Browne, Hist. Jam. 261, t. 22, f. 2 (1756).

Stpjnodia L. Syst. Xat., edit. 10, ii. p. 1118 (1759) ; Benth. &
Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 950 ; Wettst. in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam.
iv. 36, p. 74 (1891). Amhuli Adans. Fam. PL ii. p. 208 (1763).
Matourea Aubl. PI. Guian. ii. p. 641, t. 259 (1775). Dickia Scop.
Introd. p. 199 (1777). Amhulia Lam. Encycl. i. p. 128 (1783);
Wettst., I.e., p. 73. Diceros Lour. Fl. Cochinch. p. 381 (1790).
Hydrojntyon Gsertn. f. Fruct. iii. p. 19, t. 183 (1805). Limnophila
E. Br. Prodr. p. 442 (1810) ; Benth. & Hook, f., I.e.

I follow Ferd. v. Mueller in uniting the two genera cited from
Bentham & Hooker f., since I am unable to distinguish them by
valid characters : the following species belong to the section
Limnophila : —

1. S. sessiliflora.

Hottonia sessiliflora Vahl, Symb. Bot. ii. p. 36 (1791).
Limnophila sessiUfloo'a Blume, Bijd. Fl. Ned. Ind. p. 749 (1826).
Stemodia sessiliflora Ferd. Muell. Syst. Cens. Austral. PI. p. 97

Stemodiacra] Lxxxix. scrophulariace.e. 759

(1882). Terehinthina sessUiflora (). Kuiitze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii.
p. 468 (1891).

HuiM.A. — Habit of a Lhnnujihilu : Howeis purplish. In rivulets at
the point of drying up and at their banks, from LopoUo to Catumba ;
H. and fr. Dec. i85'J and April 18G(). The seeds are obtusely angular.
No. 5777- Annual ; habit of a .Uiin'o/tfiyl/nni ; stems crowded,
sparingly branched, cylindrical, obsoletely striate, spongy-lacunose,
floating: leaves 5- to 11-verticilIate, the submerged ones capillary-
multifid, the emerged ones unlobed, mostly deeply tridentate, rosulate,
all more or less impressed-areolate on the surface ; calyx-teeth here
and there unidentate at the tip; corolla violet-whitish, the tube with
a yellowish tinge ; the limb with 3 lower segments and 2 upper lobes ;
stamens 4, didynamous, the anthers bilocular and cohering in pairs ;
ovary 2-celled ; style rather short : stigma bilamellate ; capsule bisulcate.
bilocular, rather compressed. In streams from LopoUo to Nene and
towards Ohai, plentiful, in company with P^tdmofjetoujanniirHx Hassk.
(Welwitsch No. 248) and species of Ottrlia ; fl. and voung fr. middle
of May 1860. No. 5776.

2. S. ceratophylloides Hiern, sp. n.

A herb with the habit of a C'eratophyllum, submerged or at
the time of flowering with the upper part of the stems emerged ;
stems subcylindrical, glabrous, slender, about a foot long, branched,
at length bare towai-ds the base, leafy above ; leaves verticillate,
capillary-multifid, f to 1 in. long, rather rigid in the living state ;
flowers axillary, sub.sessile ; calyx membranous, shortly 5-oleft ;
capsule (not quite ripe) ellipsoidal, sub-compressed, bisulcate,
somewhat emarginate at the apex, 2-celled, 2-valved, about i in.
long, the valves septiferous along the middle ; placentas adnate
on both sides to the septum, fleshy, forming a central cylindrical
column ; unripe seeds several, rather lai'ge, apparently horizontal,
ellipsoidal-ovoid, smooth, with a protruding hyaline aril at the base.

Hull. LA. — In the deeper muddy streams between Lopollo and
Humpata : also in streams and in the neighbouring limpid pools in
Morro de Lopollo and on the Humpata plateau near Nene : in young
fr. April 18G0. No. 5778.

This is the Limnop/ula referred to by Welwitsch in Journ. Linn.
Soc. V. p. 187 (1861).

3. S. tenera Hiern, sp. n.

A nearly glabrous, tender, erect herblet, 1 to 2 in. high,
csespitose, apparently annual ; stems numerous ; branches spread-
ing ; leaves opposite^ lanceolate or sublinear, scarcely acute or
sub-apiculate at the apex, but little narrowed at the sessile clasp-
ing base, entire, j^ to i in. long, spreading ; flowers axillary and
terminal or quasi-terminal, mostly alternate, solitary and spread-
ing, about ^ in. long ; peduncles i to | in. long ; bracts subulate
tV ^^ To ^^- ^^"& ! calyx jL to J, in. long, 5-partite, bibracteate at
the base, the segments subulate, erect or at length reflected :
corolla bilabiate, from whitish to pale blue, slightly glandular-
puberulous outside, somewliat pilosulous about the throat inside ;
stamens 4, didynamous ; anthers short, 2-celled ; capsule about

760 Lxxxix. SCROPHULARIACE^. [SteiuodiocTa

2V in. long, 2-valved ; seeds netted-areolar, irregularly ovoid,
about -^^ in. long.

PuNGO Andongo.— In swampy places at the lake of Quibinda then
almost dry ; fl. March 1857. Only one clump seen. No. 1241.

This should be compared with small states of 8. indica {Ilottonia
indica L. = Limnophila gratioloides R. Br.), though they apparently
differ.

8. MONIERA B. Juss. ex P. Browne, Hist. Jamaic. p. 269,
t. 28, f. .3 (175G) ; non Loefl. (1758).

Brami Adans. Fam. PI. ii. p. 208 (1763). Mella Vand. Fl.
Lusit. p. 43, f. 23 (1788). Septas Lour. Fl. Cochiuch. p. 392
(1790). Mecardonia Ptuiz & Pav. Prodr. Fl. Per. p. 95 (1794).
Calyptriplex Ruiz & Pav., I.e., p. 96. Herpestis Gaertn. f. Fruct.
iii. p. 186, t. 214 (1805) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 951.

1. M. calycina.

Herpestis calycina Bth. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 57 (1836).

Ambriz. — An annual, creeping herb ; branchlets ascending or erect,
rather fleshy, mostly turning purple ; flowers white. By streams in
rather elevated bushy places near Ambriz, plentiful ; fl. and fr. Nov.

1853. No. 5918.

GoLUNGO Alto. — In marshy wooded places near Calolo ; fr. Sept.

1854. No. 5909.

Cazengo. — At the sides of streams near Dalatanda, growing after
the fashion of Isnardia ; fr. and a few fl. June 1855. No. 1262-
PuKGO Andongo.— Fl. Dec. 1856. No. 5875. Fl. and fr. No. 5877.

2. M. occultans Hiern, sp. n.

A herb, apparently annual ; root fibrous ; stem branched from
the base, procumbent, ascending, pale reddish, obtusely quad-
rangular, bisulcate, pluristriate, juicy, 3 to 12 in. long, puberulous,
leafy especially towards the apex ; leaves opposite, spreading,
oblong-lanceolate, rather obtuse at the apex, rounded at the
nearly sessile sub-amplexicaul base, semilate along the upper
half, herbaceous-membranous, glabrous, about an inch long by a
quarter-inch broad or a little more, pale green above, glaucescent
and dotted beneath, pellucid-punctate, rather obscurely so in
some cases ; flowers small, axillary, solitary or a few together ;
peduncles very short ; calyx-segments 5, unequal ; the outer 3
ovate, obtuse, ^ in. long, the inner ones lanceolate-linear, all
surrounding and adnate to the base of the ovary, at length con-
cealing the fruit ; corolla white ; the tube funnel-shaped, short,
straight ; the limb sub-bilabiate, 5-cleft ; the lobes obtuse, some-
what spreading ; stamens 4, didynamous, inserted on the corolla-
throat ; filaments smooth, but little arched ; anthers all fertil»%
not bearded ; ovary oblong-conical, 2 -celled ; the cells pluri-
ovulate • the ovules horizontal ; placentas central, radiating
towards the periphery ; style filiform ; stigma bicapitate.

PuNGO Andongo. — In marshes and gently flowing streams from
Caghuy towards Condo, plentiful ; fl. and young fr. March and May
1867 ; also at the Miege stream near the lake of Quibinda, very rare,
and near Sansamanda ; fl. March 1857. No. 5891.

Nearly related to M. calycina, but differs in habit, fohage, etc.

Craterostigma] Lxxxix. scrophulakiace.e. 761

9. CRATEROSTIGMA Hochst. ; Benth. &Hk. f. Gen. PI. ii. 954.

Dunalia Br. in iS;ili, Abyss., App. p. Ixiv (1814) nomen ; non
II. B. k K. (1818).

The species which have been added to this genus subsequently
to Benth. <t Hook, f., I.e. (187G) have made the discrimination of
it from Torenia increasingly difficult ; I have, however, followed
Dr. Engler in las treatment of them.

1. C. plantagineum Hochst. in Herb. Schimp. Abyss, i. n. 310
(6; /. 1840), and in Flora xxiv. p. 669 (1841).

Torenia playitaginea Benth. in DC. Prodr. x. p. 411 (1846).

Httilla. — Corolla white, with a yellow lip. In sandy swampy
pastures and in neglected fields by the road which leads towards
Gambos, tolerably plentiful ; H. and fr. Jan. and beginning of Feb.
1860. No. 5786. Habit primulaceous ; leaves rather fleshy, rigid,
thick, rosulate ; petiole bright scarlet ; corolla white, with a yellowish
lip and violet-coloured helmet. In sandy-clayey swampy places in
short grass and also in neighbouring fields, plentiful : fl. and young fr.
Jan. 181)0. No. 5786. A i)erennial herb, scarcely 2 to 4 in. high,
with the habit of a Strrjitucarpus ; flowers yellowish blue, very
elegant. At LopoUo ; fr. 28 Jan. 1860. Apparently this species.
Coll. C.\rp. 810.

2. C. crassifolium Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxiii. p. 500 (1897).
PuNGO ANDo.NCiti. — An annual herb, scarcely 2 in. high ; branchlets

erect-spreading ; leaves rather fleshy, subglaucescent-green ; corolla
from whitish to yellowish ; the upper lip marked with longitudinal
purple lines. In exposed moist places among the more elevated
gigantic rocks of Santo Antonio in the praesidium ; fl. and fr. April
1857. No. 5869. A rather viscid, annual, erect, branched herb, 2 co
4 in. high, with the habit of Euphrasia ; leaves opposite ; flowers
whitish, rather large, bilabiate, with striped lips. In sandy open
pastures between Candumba and Lombe, growing plentifully and
occupying broad tracts in dense masses ; likewise abundant between
Bumba and the great cataract of the river Cuanza near Condo ; fl. and
fr. March 1857. ^ No. 5870.

HuiLLA. — A suffruticose herb, scarcely a hand high, usually shorter ;
stem ascending, usually purplish, somewhat naked below, with
numerous branches above ; leaves rather fleshy and glossy, often
bright purple beneath ; corolla hjpogynous, bilabiate, white ; the
tube exserted ; the upper lip the shorter, subentire, ciliate, purple-
streaked beneath ; the lower lip trifid, the middle lobe the greatest,
all three denticulate-fimbriate ; the throat purple-striate ; stamens 4,
all fertile, the posterior pair the shorter ; the filaments of the anterior
ones inserted at the base of the lobes of the lower lip, bulbous-inflated
at the base and bent backwards, then in the middle arched forwards
again at an acute angle ; anthers sub-cohering in pairs, 2-celled, the
cells divaricate ; style simple ; stigma bi-lamellate. In damp pastures
at an elevation of 5400 ft., and in sunny wooded places by streams
near Lopollo, plentiful ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1800. No. 5790. Flowers
whitish, turning somewhat yellow. In swampy open woods close to
the river Monino ; fl. and fr. Dec. ]«5tl and Jan. 1860. No. 5791.
Almost the entire plant deep red, except the whitish flowers. In
elevated spongy parts of Morro de Monino ; fl. and fr. end of Jan.
1860. No. 5792. Towards Nene, intermixed with other species ; fl.
and fr. May 1860. No. 5794.

762 Lxxxix. scROPHULARiACEyE. [Cvaterostigma

3. C. Schweinfarthii Engl., I.e., p. 501.

Twenia Schv^emfarthii Oliv. in Hook. Ic. PL xiii. p. 41, t. 1251.
PuNGO Andongo.— No notes. In fl. Nos. 5887 and 5888.

4. C. Welwitschii Engl., I.e.

HuiLLA. — In damp pastures and frequently in neglected flooded
fields ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859 and Jan. 1860. No. 5775.

5. C. linearifolium Engl., I.e., t. viii. fig. g — l.

HuiLi.A.— A herblet, doubtfully perennial ; leaves greenish purple ;
corolla-tube and often the upper lip whitish-violet in colour ; the
lower lip purple. In elevated places, in the clefts of rocks where
rainwater ponds in summer, at Nene, plentiful ; fl. and fr. May 1860.
No. 5782.

The following N"o. possibly belongs to this genus, but the
material is insufiicient for determination : —

HuiLLA. — An annual, erect, glabrous herb, an inch high, with the
habit of Torenia ; stem unbranched to the height of I in., above with
a few spreading branches; leaves opposite, sub-linear, i to | in. long,
pointed, sessile ; flowers axillary, solitary, shortly pedunculate, yellow;
corolla bilabiate, deep yellow, the upper lip abbreviated, the lower lip
spreading and shortly trilobed. In moist pastures on the Humpata
plateau, in company with species of Pohjgala, Droseni, and O.rallx ;
only one specimen seen ; fl. 21 Feb. 1860. No. 5793.

10. TORENIA L. ; Bentb. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 954.

1. T. parviflora Ham. ex Wall. List, n. 3958 (1831); Benth.
Scroph. Ind. p. 39 (1835).

Ambriz. — A herb, with membranous deep green leaves and purple
flowers. In thickets at the river near Ambriz ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1853.
No. 5917.

Cazengo. — At Dalatanda ; fr. June 1855. No. 5910.

PuNGO Andongo. — No notes. In fr. Dec. 1856. No. 5876.

2. T. inaequalifolia Engl. Bot. Jalirb. xxiii. p. 502 (1897).
HuiLLA. — An erect herblet, 1 to 3 in. high, annual, with the habit

of Veronica vcrna L. ; branched from the base ; stem winged, tetragonal,
purple ; leaves lanceolate, sessile, 1-nerved with the nerve in relief
beneath, dentate towards the apex : flowers rather small, deep blue ;
calyx tubular, the tube very broadly winged, the limb bilabiately
5-cleft, the 3 teeth of the upper lip a little longer than the 2 teeth
of the lower lip ; corolla-tube straight, the upper lip of the ringent
limb entire at the apex, the lower lip with 3 somewhat flat lobes ;
stamens 4, didynamous, inserted on the corolla-tube, all fertile, the
posterior ones shorter than the others and with the filaments un-
appendaged at the base, the anterior ones inserted at the base of the
lower lip of the corolla and furnished at the base with an obtuse
yellow gland-like appendage : anthers bilocular, the cells divaricate
and confluent only at the apex ; ovary ellipsoidal, bilocular ; style
filiform ; stigma clavate- thickened, very slightly or obsoletely bilobed
at the apex. In moist pastures on the Humpata plateau near
Empalanca ; plentiful ; fl. and fr. beginning of April 1860. No. 5783-
Annual ; flowers whitish, bilabiate. In pastures flooded in summer,
near Humpata and Lopollo, plentiful; fl. and fr. April 1860. Coll.
Carp. 811.

This is perhaps identical with T. spicata Engl., I.e., t. vii. fig. G — M.

Lindernki] lxxxix. fiCUornuLARiACE.t:. 763

11. LINDERNIA Allioni in Misccll. Taurin. iii. p. 178, t. 5,
iig. 1 (176G). VaiKhllid V. Browne ex L. Mant. Fl. p. 12, n.
12G5 (1767) ; IJontli. c^- Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 955.

1. L. nummulariaefolia Wettst. in. Engl, t Prantl, Nat.
PHanzenfam. iv. 36, p. 79 (1891).

Vandellia nurnidarifuUa D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal, p. 86 (1825).
Pyxidaria nuinmulari folia 0. Kuntze, Fev. Gen. Fl. ii. p. 464.

PuNGO Andongo.— An annual herblet, inhabiting marshes and
s^rowing after the manner of a Rorippa ; corolla pale blue variegated
with yellow ; the two anterior stamens exserted, sterile ? In pools by
the streams and springs of the presidium, near Cabondo and Catete :
H. and unripe fr. end of Dec. 1856. No. 5872. Flowers purple. In
oi)en rocky places among short grass ia the preesidium ; fl, and fr.
April 1857. No. 5373.

Var. sessiliflora.

Vmulellia sessiliflora Benth. fccrophular. Indie, p. 37 (1835).
Mitranthus laiifolius Tloch.st. in Flora xxvii. p. 103 (1844).
M. trijlora Hocbst. in Herb. Schirnp. Abyss, iii. n. 1728 {U.i.,
1844); A. Eich. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 120 (1851). L. sessiliflora
Wettst., I.e. Pyxidaria iiimimulari folia, var. O. Kuntze, I.e.

PrxGO ANDOXfiO. — A dwarf, annual, erect herblet, sparingly
branched or simple ; leaves opposite, subsessile, as are also the purplish
flowers. In onen rocky moist parts of the praisidium, sparingly ; fl.
and fr. April] 8.57. No. 5878.

2. L. diffusa Wettst., I.e., p. 80.

Vandellia diffusa L. Mant. PI. p. 89 (1767). Pyxidaria diffusa
O. Knntze, I.e.

Sierra Leone. — An annual, branched herb : branches prostrate,
rooting ; flowers milk-white. In damp muddy places by the road in
the ascent to the cataract of Sugar-Loaf mountain, above Freetown,
plentiful ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. No. 5924

3. L. senegalensis.

Vandellia senegalensis Benth. in DC. Prodr. x. p. 416 (1846).
Pyxidaria senegalensis O. Kuntze, I.e., p. 465.

Ambaca. — A herb, apparently perennial with a sub-tuberous root,
prostrate, creeping, with the habit of Gratiola ; flowers violet-red,
quickly withering. By pools near springs between Pamba and Puri-
Cacarambola, rather rare ; fl. and fr. middle of Oct. 1856. No. 5913.

4. L. uvens Hiern, sp. nov.

An annual herb, 2 to 4 in. liigb, nearly glabrous; stem erect,
simple or nearly so, tetragonal, minutely scabrid-puberulous,
slender, pale yellowish-green, leafy below, sparingly leafy above ;
leaves opposite or the uppermost floral ones alternate, ovate
oblong or lanceolate, obtuse at the apex or the floral ones sub-
acute, more or less broad at the sessile base, pale green, minutely
glandular-punctate and pulverulent-puberulous, -jV — g in. long,
minutely ciliolate on the entire margins ; flowers few, ] in. long,
terminal and in the upper axils ; peduncles very short, at their base
with an ovate subacute pallid concave adpressed floral leaf of

764 Lxxxix. scROPHULARiACE^. [Liiidemia

-jiy to g in. long ; calyx campanulate-oblong, i in. long, shortly
5-cleft ; the teeth from an ovate base acuminate, acute, ciliolate,
about half as long as the smooth tube ; corolla bilabiate, blue ;
stamens 4, didynamous, all perfect ; style ^ in. long, rather
thickened upwards ; stigma rather dilated.

HuiLLA. — In wet pastures on the Humpata plateau, rather rare ; fl.
April 1860. No. 5784.

5. L. ? montana Hiern, sp. nov.

An erect puberulous hei-blet, simple or sparingly branched,
annual, 1 to 2 in. high ; stem and branches tetragonal, rather
slender; branches alternate when present, '|erect-patent or spread-
ing ; leaves opposite, ovate or broadly elliptical, obtuse at the
apex, obtusely narrowed or nearly rounded at the base, crenate-
dentate on the narrowly cartilaginous margins, subsessile, i to
^- in. long by |^ to ^ in. broad ; internodes mostly longer than the
leaves ; flowers subfasciculate in very abbre\iated opposite
axillary and terminal clusters. 2 to 4 together or solitary in each
axil, subsessile or occasionally on slender pedicels ranging up to
I in. long, sometimes abortive ; calyx hispidulous, ^^ to ^ in. long ;
the teeth in fruit lanceolate-subulate, about J^ in. long or shorter^
the tube more or less oblong ; corolla pale purple ; style Jj to
^ in. long or in abortive flowers about ^ in. long, minutely bifid
and often capped at the apex with the remains of a portion of
the marcescent corolla ; fruit oblong, somewhat ellipsoidal,
acuminate at the apex |^ to |^ in. long, 2-celled, the cells several-
seeded, the pericarp thin, the seeds papillose-muriculate.

HuiLLA. — In open mountainous places, carpeted with mosses and
small Cyperaceae, in Morro de Lopollo ; in late fl. Dec. 1859 and in fr.
end of Jan. 1860. Xo. 5787.

This plant somewhat resembles in habit Ilysanthes nana Engl.

11. ILYSANTHES Rafin. Ann. Nat. p. 13 (1820); Benth. &
Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 955.

Bonnaya Link & Otto, Ic. PL Sel., fasc. 2, p. 25, t. 11 (1821);
Benth. & Hook, f., I.e., p. 956.

1. I. Welwitschii Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxiii. p. 504, t. ix. (1897).
HuiLLA. — Corolla whitish, the lower lip purplish. In very elevated

damp places in Morro de Lopollo among mosses ; fl. beginning of May
1860. No. 5781.

2. I. nana Engl., I.e.. p. 505.

HuiLLA. — A herb, annual in habit but apparently lasting for several
years, 1 to 2 in. high, branched at the base or nearly simple ; stem
tetragonal ; leaves rather fleshy, mostly purplish beneath ; corolla
white ; the upper lip much narrower than the lower, bilobed at the
apex, its lobes rather fleshy ; the lower lip purplish, 3-lobed, its lobes
denticulate, the middle one larger than the others and obovate ;
stamens 4, the two posterior ones fertile, the anterior ones inserted at
the base of the lower lip and sterile. In open moist places near
Lopollo; fl. and fr. Jan 1860. No. 5788. Flowers purple. In the
pastures of Empalanca among; mosses, algae, and short grasses ; fl. and
fr. end of Jan. 1860. No. 5789.

Jhjsanthes] Lxxxix. scropiiulariace/K. 765

3. I. andongensis IJiern, sp. nov.

An erect, iisuall)' niucli branched, elegant, slight herb, 2 to
3 in. high, glabrous throughout or minutely glandular; stem
tetragonal ; branches more or less divaricate, opposite or alternate ;
leaves opposite, oval-oblong, obtuse at the apex, somewhat
narrowed to the rather broad sessile base, quite entire or scai-cely
repand, membranous, herbaceous- green on both faces, ^V to \ in.
long by TjV to ^^^ in. broad ; venation inconspicuous ; flowers
numerous, axillary and terminal, alternate, about \ in. long ;
peduncles ^^ to ^- in. long; calyx ^.j to y^ in. long, funnel-shaped
campanulate; its lobes 5, broadly ovate, rounded obtuse or
scarcely apiculate at the apex, about half as long as the tube ;
corolla purple ; the lower lip trifid, about y\r in. long ; the middle
lobe broadly oblong, obtuse, ^^ in. long ; the lateral lobes broadly
ovate, rather obtuse, t^V in. long ; the upper lip subentire, y\ in.
long, obtuse, ovate ; perfect stamens 2, posterior, with equal
anther-cells; staminodia 2, anterior, with filaments, without
anthers ; fruit oblong or elliptic-oblong, about \ in. long ; pericarp
thin ; seeds minutely papillose.

PuNGO Andongo. — In damp pastures with short grass, between
Candumba and the river Cuanza, plentiful : fl. and fr. March 1857.
Xo. 5871.

This is nearly related to /. trichotoma Urb., but the calyx-teeth are
obtuse ; the following No. possibly belongs here, as a variety : —

PuNCJO Andongo. — A very slender, annual herblet, with an erect
stem and purple flowers. In the swampy parts of Pedras de
Guinga, in company with Utrkiilaria exilis Oliv. ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1857.
No. 5879.

4. I. stictantha Hiern, sp. n.

An annual berb, ^ to 1 ft. long, mostly prostrate or prostrate-
ascending, slender, dichotomously or less commonly the upper
ones trichotomously branched, nearly glabrous or minutely
glandular-puberulous ; stem and branches pale green, tetragonal ;
leaves opposite, ovate, subobtuse at the apex, rather abruptly
narrowed at the subsessile or shortly petiolate base, glaucous
at least beneath, somewhat fleshy or succulent, serrulate, incon-
spicuously nerved and veined, ^ to 1 in. long by 1 to | in. broad ;
the serratures small, narrowly revolute on the margin ; petioles
ranging up to 1 in. long ; peduncles alternate, axillary, solitary,
h to \ in. long, sub-erect or in fruit more or less spreading ;
flowers solitary, |^ to | in. long ; calyx oblong, somewhat narrowed
at the base, \ to ^ in. long ; persistent, unequally 5-cleft ; the
tube 5-costate ; the lobes lanceolate-subulate, nearly as long as
or shorter than the tube ; corolla white, scattered with atro
purpureous dots; the upper lip undivided, straight, rounded at
the apex, fringed ; the lower lobe tritid, with spreading lobes ;
stamens 4, the two anterior ones fertile, style flattened ; stigma
laminiform, ovate; capsule linear-oblong, | to 5. in. long, acute
at the apex.

GoLUNGO Alto. — In the damp parts of palm groves on the left

766 LXxxix. SCROPHULARIACE.E. [^IhjsantJtes

bank of the river Quango, near Arimo do Isidro, rather rare ; fl. mostly
fallen July 1855. No. 5905. In palm groves at the river Cuango in
Sobato da Queta ; fl. and fr. July and Aug. 1855. No. 6906.
This species belongs to the section Bonnaya.

12. LIMOSELLA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 958.
1. L. aquatica L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 631 (1753).

Var. alismoides Welw. ms. in Herb.

Leaves very greatly varying in size, not uncommonly gigantic
in proportion to the rest of the plant ; stamens 4, sub-exserted,
not evidently didynamous ; anthers distant ; style as long as the
stamens, inclined to one side of the corolla ; stigma capitellate.

HuiLLA — Flowers whitish, at length almost rosy. In marshy
muddy-sandy places by the Lopollo stream, plentiful ; fl. and fr. end
of Oct. and in Nov. 1859. No. 1131. In flooded places by streams
near Lopollo, at an elevation of 5500 ft., plentiful ; fl. and fr. 31 Oct.
1859. No. 1132. Sometimes annual, sometimes biennial, and
apparently even perennial ; fruiting peduncles almost always spirally
recurved. A form, more robust in all respects gathered with No. 1132.
The size and shape of the leaves are variable enough, but the size of
the flowers is always the same whether in the smallest or largest
specimens. By the margin of the Lopollo river, especially around
the edges of pools close to the river, very abundant ; fl. and fr.
28 and 31 Oct. 1859. No. 11326. Leaves 3 to 5-nerved, floating
after the manner of Alisma natans ; flowers whitish, at length turning
a violet colour. In flooded' sandy places at the banks of the Lopollo
river, at an elevation of 5500 ft. in masses, not uncommon; fl. and fr.
Nov. 1859. A large-leaved floating form, but not separable by any
characters specifically from the common species. No. 1133.

This is the LimoaeUa mentioned by Welwitsch in Journ. Linn. Soc.
V. p. 187 (1861) ; it should be compared with L. iiiaior Diels in Engl.
Bot. Jahrb. xxvi. p. 122 (27 Sept. 1898), which may also prove to be
only a form of the common species.

13. SIBTHORPIA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 959.
1. S. peregrina L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 631 (1753).

Island of Madeiiia. — In moist places among short herbage, by the
rocks between Funchal and Camara dos Lobos ; fl. and fr. Aug. 1853.
No. 5925.

14. SCOPARIA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 959.

1. S. dulcis L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 116 (1753).

Capraria dulcis O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL ii. p. 459 (1891).

Sierra Leonk. — In neglected fields and in moist herbaceous places
about Freetown, plentiful ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. No. 5921.

Ambriz. — In hilly moist places near Quizembo, abundant ; fl. and
fr. Nov. 1853. No. 5920. An annual or biennial herb, with white
flowers. In hilly previously cultivated parts of Mossul-Ambriz,
abundant ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1853. " Herva dos vassiros." No. 5919.

Prince's Island. — In the mountainous parts of the island ; fl. and
fr. Sept. 1853. No. 5922.

Loanda. — At Loanda ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. On a sandy clay soil,
in moist places and around pools near Imbondeiro dos Lobos, plentiful ;
fl. and fr. beginning of Feb. 1858. In damp places between Quicuxe
and Mutollo ; fl. and fr. beginning of August 1858. No. 5915.

,Scoparia] lxxxix. scrophulariack.k. 7G7

GoLi'Nco Alto. — An undershrub, 2 to 3 ft. high : flowers white ;
stamens 4, not didynamous. In rather elevated somewhat dry
declivities among the Queta monntains above Camilnngo and near
Carengue, rather rare : tl. and fr. I'J Sept. ]H5»). No. 5899.

PuNco Andonco.— No notes. Fl. and fr. No. 6892.

15. MELASMA Ber<?. PI. Cup. p. 1G2, t. 3, f. 4 (Aug. 1767);
Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 956. Xigrina L. Mant. PI. p. 5,
1). 124G (Oct. 1767). Ahctra Tliunb. Diss. Nov. Gen. iv. p. 81
(1784) ; Benth. & Hook, f., I.e.

The followinii: species all belong to the section Alectra : —

1. M. sessiliflorum.

Gerardid sessiii flora Vahl, Synib. Bot. iii. p. 79 (1794). lihi-
nanthus scaber Thunb. Prodr. PI. Cap. p. 98 (1800). Alectra
■)7ielampi/roides Benth. in DC. Prodr. x. p. 339 (1846). A. sessUiJlora
O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 458 (1891). yigrbut sessilijhra
0. Kuntze, I.e., iii. 2, p. 237 (1898), partly.

HuiLLA. — Habit of Mr/ampi/nim ; flowers yellowish. In the wooded
meadows of the Monino, sparingly and sporadic ; fl. beginning of April
1860. No. 5801. An annual, erect, deep green, sub-parasitical herb ;
stem tetragonal, rough : leaves coarsely dentate, dilated at the base,
rough ; flowers subsessile, axillary, solitary ; corolla yellow, galeate-
bilabiate, red on the nerves, 5-cleft, the lobes obtuse ; stamens 4,
didynamous, included ; filaments naked ; anthers 2-celled, attenuate
at the base, apiculate, the cells parallel ; style simple ; stigma elongate-
thickened, lingulate, recurved, bilobed at the apex, the lobes rather
thick and somewhat flattened. In moist wooded meadows in short
grass at the base of Morro de LopoUo ; in fl.-bud and with a few fl.
8 April 18(')n ; at Empalanca and Nene, sporadic ; April 1860. No. 5802.

2. M. indicum Wettst. in Engl. ISTat. Pflanzeufam. iv. 3b, p. 91.
Ili/menospei'iuum dentatum Benth. in Wall. List, n. 3963 (1831).

Glossostylis avensis Benth. Scroph. Ind. p. 49 (1835). Alectra
indica Benth. in DC. Prodr. x. p. 339 (1846). A. dentata O.
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 458 (1891).

PuxGo AxDONcio. — An annual, erect herb : leaves membranous,
curved ; flowers yellow. In moist places planted with manioc, near
Calunga, at the sides of the river Mioge ; fl. and fr. April 1857.
No. 5849. An annual, erect herb, simple below, alternately branched
at the inflorescence, lA ft. high ; leaves subopposite. Perhaps the
same species. No. 5894.

This species has been united with ^f. sc.-s'ditlornm by O. Kuntze,
Rev. Gen. PI. iii. 2, p. 237 ; he calls both X'hjrmu .^cssilijlom. Our
plants are doubtfully placed here and should be compared with the form
sidtj)ft/u!(ttuiit (O. Kuntze, I.e., p. 238), the type of which I have not seen.

3. M. rigidum Hiern, sp. n.

An erect, scabrid, apparently annual, somewhat wiry herb, 9 to
12 in. high, branched from the base or simple; stem rigid, more
or less hispidulons ; branches erect or ascending, rather slender
and tough, more or less hispid with short whitish hairs ; leaves
opposite, linear-lanceolate or narrowly oval-oblong, obtuse at the
apex, a little or scarcely narrowed at the sessile base, scabrid at

49

768 Lxxxix. scROPHULARiACEiE. [Ilelasmu

least on the rigidly ciliolate whitish entire margins, more or less
scattered or clothed with whitish scales, -^- to 1 in. long by ^^ to
i in. broad ; flowers i to i in. long, opposite, sessile, solitary
in the axils of the leaves and gradually arranged in terminal
leafy erect spikes ; bracts sublinear, nearly i in. long at the base of
the calyx ; calyx ^ in. long, campanulate, nearly regular, shortly
5-cleft; the lobes ovate-triangular, about half as long as the tube,
obtuse ; corolla not much exceeding the calyx ; filaments a little
hairy, not densely bearded ; stigma large, curved ; capsule oval-
oblong, f in. long.

HuiLLA. — In wooded grassy moist places between Ivantula and
Quilengues, sparingly ; fl. and fr. March 1859. No. 5797-

4. M. hippocrepandrum Hiern, sp. n.

An erect, branched, herbaceous-green, parasitical herb, 1 to 2 ft,
high, not juicy ; root tuberous, furnished with orange-cinnabar-
coloured fibres ; stem somewhat hispid, strictly erect, clothed
below with small ovate sessile hispidulous or subglabrous green
foliaceous scales and above with herbaceous green leaves ; the
latter opposite, subopposite, or alternate, more or less ovate and
obtuse, paucidentate oi nearly entire, narrowed and 3-nerved
towards the shortly petiolate base, hispidulous, ranging up to
1 in. long by nearly ^ in. broad ; flowers in the upper axils
solitary and gradually arranged in terminal spicate racemes ;
peduncles or pedicels short, the lower ones about ^ in. long, the
upper ones shorter; bracts 2, at the base of the calyx, linear-
spathulate, ^ in. long, shortly hispid ; calyx broadly campanulate,
1^ to i in., 5-cleft half-way down ; the segments ovate-triangular,
but little acuminate, beset with white hairs, ciliolate ; corolla not
much exceeding the calyx, deep yellow, 5-lobed ; the tube dilated ;
the limb oblique, almost as in Verbascum ; the lobes obovate-
spathulate, obtuse, 3-nerved, imbricate in jestivation, rotately
spreading in open flower; the nerves thick and strongly promi-
nent on the lower face of the lobes ; stamens 4, svibdidynamous,
inserted on the corolla-throat, alternating with its lobes, without
any rudiment of a fifth stamen ; filaments not bearded ; anthers
white, introrse, dorsifixed, longitudinally 2-celled, horseshoe-shaped,
shortly pilose on the back ; ovary globose, slightly trigonous ;
placenta central ; style thick ; stigma clavate, nodding, exceeding
the stamens ; seeds very numerous, delicate.

GoLUNGO Alto.— Infesting crops of Arachis, too plentiful ; fl. and
fr. end of May 1856. In Sobato de Queta, on crops of maize and
Dolichos, rather rare ; fl. and fr. July 1855. Xo. 5900.

This must be compared with M. Vogelil (Benth.), but it is less
scabrid, and the calyx-lobes are not so obtuse. It is the parasite
mentioned as a new genus in Welw. Apontam. p. 551, sub no. 101.

5. M. orobanchoides Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C, p. 359 (1895).
Orobanclie parvifiora E. M. ex Drege, Cat. PI. Exsicc. Afr.

Austr. p. 4 (1837/, and in Flora, 1843, Bes. Beig. p. 159. Alectra
orobanchoides Benth., in DC. Prodr. x. p. 340 (1846). Nigrina
orobanchodes 0. Kuntze, Eev. Gen. PI. iii. 2, p. 237 (1898).

3lelasma] lxxxix. scropiiulariace.*:. 769

Mosi^AMEOEs. — A herb, about a foot high, parasitical on the roots
of other plants ; rhizome orange-fibrillose ; stem simple, erect, purple ;
spike of flowers about 8 in. long ; l)racts and calyces herbaceous-green ;
corolla like yellow wine in colour, marked with purple nerves. In
bushy places at the banks of the river Bero ; fl. middle of July 1859.
No. 5811.

HuiLi.A.— Plant about 10 in. high, twice branched, apparently
parasitical, with the habit of an OrobaMcI/f ; branches erect or nearly
so. In bushy fields neglected after cultivation, near Mumpulla ;
fl. and fr. Oct." 185;). No. 5800-

Both of these Nos. are represented by poor specimens, and the
determinations are doubtful.

6. M. atrosanguineum Hiern, sp. n.

Am annual, parasitical, terrestrial lierb, about 7 in. high, root
orange or atrosanguineous in colour ; stem branched, glabrate
and orange soon turning atrosanguineous in colour at the base,
puberulous above ; branches erect-patent ; leaves few, small,
almost bractiform, rather fleshy, atrosanguineous ; flowers sessile,
arranged in spikes terminating the stem and branches ; spikes
about 2 in. long, dense above, interrupted below, pedunculate,
erect ; bracts hispidulous, the lower ones oval sessile and about
i to ^ in. long, the upper ones sublinear ; calyx broadly cam-
panulate, hispidulous outside, eiliolate, nearly glabrous inside,
lO-nerved, atrosanguineous, shortly 5-cleft, about i in. long; the
teeth broadly ovate-triangular, apiculate ; corolla sub-rotate, quite
naked inside, scarcely exceeding the calyx, orange in colovir ; the
tube short; limb 5-lobed ; the lobes obtuse, somewhat spreading
in open flower, nerved outside ; stamens 4, without any rudiment
of a fifth, inserted at the base of the corolla-tube, subequal, all
fertile ; anthers dorsifixed, almost horseshoe-shaped, 2 -celled ;
filaments glabrous or (according to Welwitsch) pilose, not densely
bearded ; ovary green, globose, glabrous, 2-celled ; ovules numerous
in the cells ; style firm ; stigma long, curved, obtuse.

PuNGO Andongo. — In secondary thickets between Sansamanda and
Caghuy, very sparingly ; fl. 1 May 1857. No. 5853.

The following No. possibly belongs here : —

PuNGO Andongo. — An erect herb, a foot and a half high, purplish
throughout, apparently parasitical, simple, puberulous ; leaves almost
scale-like, lanceolate, dentate, scattered, J to | in. long ; flowers spicate
in bud. In bushy meadows at the river Cuanza, near Sansamanda ;
one specimen in young fl.-bud April 1857. No. 5890.

7. M. Welwitschii Hiern, sp. n.

A parasitical herb, in form and mode of growth like an
Orohanche ; rhizome very thick, dusky outside, fleshy and yellowish
inside ; stems scape-like, scaly, nearly glabrous, leafless, numerous,
simple or sparingly branched ; 4 to 7 in. high, cylindrical, orange-
purple at the base, purple-dusky towards the spike of flowers ;
scales small, ovate or oval, obtuse ; calyx subequally 5-cleft,
dusky- purple, about J- in. long; the lobes obtuse, ciliate ; corolla
orange in colour ; segments of the limb 5, spathulate, somewhat
concave at the apex, longitudinally striate outside with prominent

770 Lxxxix. SCROPHULARIACE/F. [Melasma

purple nerves, spreading at the time of the open flower ; stamens 4.
moderately curved ; filaments densely bearded with long hairs ;
anther-cells distinct ; ovary globose, style clavate, thick ; stigma
on a level with the stamens ; capsule pyriform, with a furrow on
each side; 2-celled, the cells many-seeded.

MossAMEDES. — In sandy places at the river Bero near Cavalheiros,
sparingly, at the roots of Cotula or similar plant; fl. and fr. 27 Juno
1859. No. 5812.

8. M. pictum Hiern, sp. n.

An annual, parasitical herb, 4 to 12 in. high, scattered with
short whitish hispid hairs, erect ; rhizome with bright orange-
coloured fibres ; stem naked and bright orange -coloured at the
base, hispidulous ; branches erect-patent ; leaves oblong or
lanceolate, ranging up to 1} in. long by iin. broad, the lower ones
opposite, the upper and floral ones alternate, all subdentate,
obtuse at the apex, wedge-shaped at the base, sessile or subse.ssile,
herbaceous-green ; flowers about h in. long, subsessile, solitary in
the axils and gradually arranged in terminal spikes ; calyx broadly
campanulate, about i in. long, 5 -cleft halfway down ;" the lobes
broadly ovate-triangular, obtuse; the tube bibracteate at the
base, the bracts chordiform, about y\, to ^'^ in. long; corolla cam-
panulate, membranous, scarcely bilabiate, saffron-coloured ; the
5 segments each marked with three reddish lines or nerves, sub-
equal, rounded-obtu.se, the lowest one a little larger than the rest;
stamens 4, diclynamous ; the filaments shaggy from the middle
to the apex; the anthers 2-celled; the cells unequal, bearded,
attenuated upwards, the larger one embracing the smaller in a
half -spiral ; ovary 2-celled, the dissepiment placentiferous ; style
simple, nearly straight ; stigma longer than the style, thickened,
tongue-shaped, deeurrent on both sides of the style, hooked-
recurved ; capsule subglobose, apiculate at the apex with the style
or its remains.

HuiLLA. — In swampy pastures between Lopollo and the Monino.
parasitical on the roots of Leguminos^ and Convolvulaceae ; fl. and fr.
middle of May imi No. 5799.

16. GERARDIINA Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxiii. 507, t. x. fig. g— n.
1. G. angolensis Engl., I.e.

Gerardia sp., O. Kuntze, Eev. Gen. PI. iii. 2, pp. 232, 234 (1898).

HuiLLA. — An erect or ascending bright green herb ; roots stolo-
niferous ; stems reddish ; flowers purple -violet or violet-blue. By the
Lopollo and Humpata streams, plentiful : fl. and fr. Dec. 1859 and
April 1860. No. 5846.

17. MICRARGERIA Benth. ; Benth. & Hk. f. Gen. PI. ii. 971.
1. M. seopiformis Eng. Pfl. Ost.-Afr., C., p. 359 (1895).
Gerardianella seopiformis Klotzsch in Peters, Mossamb. Bot. i.

p. 229, t. 36 (1861).

PuNGo AxDoxiJO. — An erect herb, 2 ft. high, branched like a broom;
root apparently perennial. In marshy places near Quibanga, plentiful ;
fr. Jan. 1857. No. 5358.

Velvitsia] LX.wix. scrophui.ariace.e.

771

18. VELVITSIA lliern, gen. nov.

Calyx gamosepaloas, Uibular-cauipunulate in flower, 5-cleft,
inferior, accrescent; the tetth ovate, erect, equal among them-
selves, falling sliort of the corolla-limb. Corolla tubular, the
tube inferior ; the limb deeply 5-cleft ; the lobes ovate, somewhat
obtuse, imbricate in lestivation, soon erect-spreading. Stamens 4,
inserted at the middle of the coi-oUa-tube, subdidymous, all bearing
anthers; the filaments somewhat thick, cylindrical-acuminate;
the anthers 2-celltd ; the cells parallel, below free, narrowed,
acute, not aristate, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary free, sessile,
oblong-ovoid, gradually narrowing at the apex into the cylindrical
style, 2 -celled ; the placentas somewhat spongy ; ovules very
numerous, crowded, ascending ; style terminal, curved in a hooked
manner at the apex ; stigma simple, somewhat thick, flattened,
acuminate. Ilypogynous disk annular, rather thick and fleshy.
Capsule included in the erect bladdery persistent calyx, rigid,
glabrous, 2-valved. Seeds numerous, elongate-cuneiform, crowned
with a small round membranous appendage ; testa very lax,
sparingly verruculose ; albumen apparently very thin ; embryo
straight ; cotyledons tolerably large, subfoliaceous, plano-convex,
twice as long as the terete radicle which is close to the umbilicus.

A perennial, erect herb, with the lower leaves opposite and
trinerved, and the infloi-escence terminal and racemose.

Named in honour of Dr. Welwitsch, whose notes have furnished
the chief part of the description and were indispensable for that
of the corolla and stamens, since our specimens have lost these
organs. Welwitschia Reichenb. (1837) has been reduced to Gilia
Ruiz & Pav. (1794), and Welwitschia Hook. f. (1862) must give
way to the earlier name Tamboa Welw. (1861); there is also
Welwitschiella O. Hofi'm. (1894) in Compositfe.

1. V. calycina lliern. sp. unica.

Plant l.v to 2 ft. high, scabrid on most parts with short rigid
hairs; rootstock woody, furnished with thick fibres; stems rigid,
straight, angular, sparingly biunched, with opposite leaves below
and with some alternate leaves above and on the branches ; leaves
lanceolate or somewhat oval-oblong, obtuse or i-ounded at the
apex, more or less narrowed to the subsessile or very shortly
petiolate base, very rough, shortly hispid, bright green, ligidly
membranous, densely venulose with raised venation between the
nerves, narrowly revolute and remotely denticulate on the margin,
exstipulate, \\ to 3 in. long by I to H in. broad, the lower leaves
smaller and crowded ; petiole broad and very short or obsolete,
somewhat hispidulous ; inflorescence centripetal, narrow, 6 to
12 in. long; pedicels opposite, bracteate at the base, the lower
ones ranging up to about an inch long, the upper ones shorter ;
bracts leaf -like, ] to 1^ in. long; bracteoles at the apex of the
pedicels, sublinear, \ to i} in. long ; calyx about \ in. long in
flower, about ^ in. long in fruit and then hemispherical, inflated,
10-nerved, not-veined, scabrid outside, smooth, with sub-deltoid
pointed lobes; corolla whitish verging on pale yellow, marked

772 Lxxxix. scROPHULARiACE.E. [Velvitsici

with violet-coloured veins ; capsule loculicidal, about ^ in. long,
oval, pointed, somewhat compressed ; style nearly i in. long,
glabrous; seeds ^^ in. long.

HuiLLA. — In moist thickets near Ohai towards Lopollo, at an eleva-
tion of ,5000 ft., sparingly ; fr. and a few fl. beginning of May 1860.
No. 1263.

19. BOPUSIA Presl, Bot. Bemerk. p. 91 (1844).

Gh-aderia Benth. in DC. Prodr. x. p. 521 (1846) ; Benth. & Hook.
f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 970.

1. B. scabra Presl, I.e.

Gerardia scabra L. f. Suppl. PI. p. 279 (1781). Sopuhia scabra
Q. Don, Gen. Syst. iv. p. 560 (1837). Melasma (?) Zeyheri Hook.
Ic. PI. t. 255 (1840). Graderia scabra Benth., I.e.

MossAMEDES. — A grey-green herb, 2 to scarcely 4 in. high, annual,
parasitical at the roots of other plants ; primary stem subterranean,
bright orange in colour ; basal branches opposite ; leaves herbaceous-
green, membranous ; flowers yellow or wdne-orange in colour, large
enough in proportion to the size of the plant; corolla sub-campanulate,
5-cleft. In sandy moist and bushy places at the river Bero, very
sparingly ; fl. and fr. end of June and latter part of July 1859. A
stunted form. No. 5809.

20. SOPUBIA Hamilton ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 970.

1. S. decumbens Hiern, sp. n.

A sparingly hispidulous, decumbent, suiFruticose herb, woody
at the base, 3 to 6 in. high ; rootstock perennial, woody, throwing
out long wiry fibres ; stems numerous, much branched near the
base, mostly decumbent ; branches leafy below, ascending or
erect, not scabrid ; leaves linear and simple or with two lateral
linear lobes, ^ to |^ in. long, opposite ; pedicels nearly glabrous,
somewhat spreading at least at the base, ranging up to f in. long,
the upper ones shorter, bibracteate above the middle ; flower-buds
§ in. long, obovoid ; calyx ^^ in. long, 5-cleft, nearly glabrous
outside except the densely ciliolate lobes; the lobes deltoid oi'
rather narrower, pointed, J^ in. long; corolla reddish purple,
about f in. in diameter when fully expanded, stamens 4, scarcely
didynamous ; anthers connivent, 2-celled, one cell very small ;
style long ; capsule about I in. long, scarcely as long as the
persistent calyx.

HuiLLA. — In swampy bushy places near Lopollo : fl. and fr. Dec.
1859. No. 5839.

2. S. parviflora Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xviii. p. 65 (1893).

FuNGO Andongo. — At Sansamanda on the Cuanza ; fl. and fr. April
and May 1857. No. 5860. At Lombe ; fl. and fr. No. 5861.

I have not seen the type of this species, and therefore the identifica-
tion is doubtful, but the description agrees.

3. S. filiformis Hiern, sp. n.

An annual, erect, slender, scabrid herb, branched like a broom,
12 to 18 in. high ; stem filifoi-m ; leaves filiform or linear, entire,
scabrid, sessile, f to 2 in. long ; floweis axillary, arranged in

Sopubia] LXXXIX. SCROPHULARIACEyE. 773

narrow erect spicate leafy or bracteate racemes terminating
the stem and branches ; pedicels ranging up to ] in. long, the
upper ones shorter ; flower-buds obovoid, .', in. long ; in the young
flower the calyx funnel-shaped, equally toothed, }.- in. long ; the
teeth deltoid, acute, t^V i"^- long ; corolla whitish rosy, tubular ;
the throat dilated ; the limb bilabiate, the upper lip bilobed, the
lower lip trilobed, the tube naked within and purple -striate near
the base ; stamens 4, didynamous, included, inserted on the
corolla-tube ; filaments filiform, naked ; anthers bilocular, the
cells separate and diverging, the smaller one suli-eflfete, or quite
sterile ; ovary 2-celled ; style filiform, attenuated ; stigma some-
what club-shaped, incurved-nodding.

Hrn.L.v. — In damp pastures and swampy thickets, at an elevation
of .0300 ft. in Morro de Monino ; in flower-bud, 7 April 1860.
No. 5830. In damp meadows near LopoUo ; fl.-bud middle of March
18G0. No. 5831.

4. S. simplex Hochst. in Flora xxvii. p. 27 (1844).
Rajjhidophyllitm simplex Hochst., I.e., xxiv. p. 667 (1841).

Gerdaria Bregeana Presl, Bot .Bemerk. p. 91 (1844). *S'. Dregeana
Benth. in DC. Prodr. x. p. 522 (1846).

GoLUXGO Alto.— A herb, 1 to 2^ ft. high ; rootstock perennial,
thick, almost tubercular, very hard ; stems numerous, erect, green ;
leaves linear, adpressed to the stem, green; flowers rosy. In the drier
and more elevated declivities among the mountains of Serra de Alto
Queta ; H. and fr. at end of Aug. 1855. No. 5904.

Ambaca. — An erect branched herb, apparently perennial ; stem
angular ; leaves linear ; flowers rosy, in shape resembling those of
a Verhaxcum. In hilly rocky places between Izans[a and N-gombe,
rather rare ; fl. and fr. Oct. I'SSG. No. 5912.

PuNGO AxDONGO.— At Cabinda in Mata Lucala; fl. and fr. No. 5852.

HuiLLA. — Apparently annual ; flowers purple. Among heath (cf .
Blcuria setuloxa., Welw. no. 2558), on a declivity from Morro de Lopollo
towards Humpata ; fl. April 18G0. Only one specimen, very doubt-
fully referred here ; it has more acute calyx-lobes than the others.
No. 5842.

5. S. ramosa Hochst., I.e., xxvii. p. 27 (1844).
Raph'ulophijllum ramosum Hochst., I.e., xxiv. p. 668 (1841).
Caze.ngo. — A suffrutescent herb, 3 to 4 ft. high, erect, pyramidally

branched at the top ; flowers coppery purple as those of Vcrhascuiit
phcRwceHm L. In dry bushy places, at the base of the Muxaula
mountains, rather rare : fl. and young fr. June 1855. No. 5911.

PrxGo Andongo. — At Sansamanda ; fl. and fr. 30 April 1857.
No. 5864. A herb, almost an undershrub, woocy at the base with the
wood whitish-straw coloured, 4 ft. high and more : rootstock tuber-
cular-woody, biennial or triennial ; stem erect, hard, branched from
the middle to the apex ; branches spreading, virgate, all ending in
racemes of rosy-purplish flowers ; placentas of an orange-brick-red
colour as in 8. lannfu. In rocky thickets near Cabondo in the
prajsidium ; fl. and fr. 3 May 1857. No. 5865- Without fl. or fr.
Dec. 1856. Apparently this species. No. 5866.

6. S. Welwitschii Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xviii. p. 66 (1893).
HuiLL.v. — In the more elevated muddy-rocky pastures, flooded iu

774: Lxxxix. scROPHULARiACE.i:. [Sojnibia

summer, in Serra Oiahoya, plentiful ; fl. and fr. Feb. March and April
1857. No. 5841.

7. S. cana Harv. Thes. Cap. ii. p. 29, t. 146 (1864).
/S'. angolensis Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xviii. p. 67 (1893).

HuiLLA. — Flowers reddish purple or bluish purple. Among low-
bushes in pastures flooded in the rainy season, plentiful ; fl. and
fr. Jan. 18G0. No. 5843. Ivantak ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. The
specimens stain paper a primrose-yellow colour. No. 5844.

Our specimens differ from the type of Harvey's species by rather
larger flowers, but some from the Transvaal, doubtless belonging to
the species, have flowers of about the same size as ours.

8. S. lanata Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xviii. p. G7 (1893).

PuNGO Andongo. — A perennial plant ; stem densely leafy, straight.
In damp bushy places at the banks of the Luxillo streams in declivities
towards the river Cuauza : without fl. middle of Dec. 185G. No. 5857-
An erect, leafy, annual or biennial herb ; stem about the middle
branched like a broom ; flowers rosy. In moist bushy pastures near
Quibinda, plentiful, and very rarely in the rocky parts of the
prgesidium ; fl. March, fl. and fr. April 1857. No. 5863. In Pedras
de Guinga, in fl. No. 5856.

9. S. argentea Hiern, sp. n.

SuflVuticescent, 9 to 18 in. high ; rootstock perennial, woody,
giving off long wiry fibres ; stems several, erect or ascending,
simple or branched chiefly near the base, wood}^ and glabrescent
below, herbaceous-wiry and silvery silky-tomentose above, leafy ;
leaves lanceolate or elliptical-linear, pointed at the apex, some-
what narrowed to the sessile base, more or less silvery silky-
tomentose on both faces, entire, narrowly revolute on the lateral
margins, crowded, ^ to l^ in. long ; flowers axillary, shortly
pedunculate ; peduncles ranging up to |- in. long at least in friiit,
bibracteolate at the apex ; bracteoles rather more than ~ in. long,
like the leaves but linear and smaller ; calyx neai-ly ^ in. long,
5-cleft half-way down, silvery silky outside ; the lobes triangular-
lanceolate, acute ; the tube glabrous inside ; corolla about ^ in. in
diameter, membranous, glabrous, the limb very short ; the limb
rotate at the top of the calyx-tube ; stamens 4, exserted, scarcely
didynamous ; anthers 2-celled, one cell very narrow ; style
exserted ; capsule ^ to i in. long, scarcely equalling the persistent
calyx.

HriLLA.— In pastures at an elevation of 5000 to 6000 ft., by little
forests of Proteace^, among the Serra de Neva mountains in Morro
de LopoUo, rather plentiful ; fl. and fr. April and May 1860. No. 5845.

21. STELLULARIA Benth. in Hook. Ic. PI. xiv. p. 12,
t. 1318 (1880).

Benthamistella O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 458 (1891).

Dr. Kuntze, I.e., rejects Bentham's naoie on account of
Stellularia L. Syst. Nat., edit. 6, ii. p. 106 (1748) ; this latter i.s,
however. Stellar ia L. (1753).

1. S. nigrescens Benth., I.e.

Benthamistella nigricans 0. Kuntze, I.e.

Kitelhdaria] i.xxxix. sckopiiulariace.e. 775

Huii.i.A. — An erect annual branched herb, with the habit of y< miii
or even more like Stviijn ; stem pentagonal ; leaves opposite, linear-
lanceolate, blackish green-purple above, herbaceous-green beneatii ;
flowers spicate ; calyx bibracteolate at the base, 4 dentate, the teeth
long, acuminate, persistent ; corolla glossy yellow in prime flower, soon
turning green, at length in drying black : the tube rather long, curved
from the middle up to the 6-cleft limb : the lobes linear, somewhat
fleshy, rather thick, spreading, four of them more or less approximated ;
the floral bract embracing the flower at the base, broadly ovate,
keeled ; the bracteoles linear ; capsule "J-valved, cylindrical-oblong :
the valves in the apparently immature capsules bifid at the apex :
seeds numerous. In a bushy moist pasture near Catumba, plentiful
but seen only in one locality ; fl. and fr. April ISGO. No 5838. An
annual erect herb, green in the living state, at length turning black ;
flowers at first purple, at length greenish, black when dry In
herbaceous thickets at the Monino ; fl. beginning of April 1860. No. 5837-

22. BUCHNERA L. ; Tienth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 968.

1. B. Henriquesii Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xviii. p. 69 (1893).

Hun. LA. — A perennial herb ; root woody ; stems numerous ; leaves
bright herbaceous-green ; flowers of a very beautiful and very bright
violet colour, bearing a resemblance to some verbenas. In hilly sunny
places on a sandy clay soil, near Lopollo, rather rare ; fl. Nov. IMf)'.).
No. 5833.

2. B. pallescens Engl., I.e., xxiii. p. 512 (1897).
MossAMEDES. — An annual, slender, erect herb, herbaceous-green,

with deep blue flowers. In sandy thickets about the river Bero, very
rare ; fl. beginning of July 1859. No. 5825. Flowers blue. In sandy
places among low bushes at the banks of the river Maiombo ; fl. and
fr. Oct. 1S59. No. 5826.

This species bears some resemblance to B. Ileiiriqnr.iii, and should
he compared with it ; the inflorescence, however, is more elongated
and laxer.

o. B. ciliolata Engl., I.e., xviii. p. G9 (1893).

HriLLA. — A very elegant, annual herblet, scarcely a span high ;
stem slender, branched from the base or nearly simple ; branches
spreading-ascending, filiform ; leaves opposite, linear : flowers deep
violet purple, tolerably large for the habit of the plant ; corolla
remarkable for the long broadly linear quite flat lobes of the sub-
l/ilabiate deeply o-cleft limb, the lobes deeply emarginate at the apex,
the 2 upper ones a little shorter than the rest ; stamens 4, didynanious,
with reflected anthers. In somewhat spongy pastures flooded by the
summer rains and then in companv with Utricuhiricv, on the Humpata
plateau ; fl. beginning of April 18(50. No. 5828.

4. B. andongensis Iliern, sp. n.

An erect annual herb, branched from the base, more than 8 in.
liigh, dusky in the dry .state; branches obtusely tetragonal,
hispidulous-scabrid ; some of the upper internode.s exceeding the
leaves; leaves mcstly opposite, obovate-oblong, obtuse or sub-
apiculate at the apex, wedgeshaped at the se.ssile or subsessile
ba.se, trinerved, entire or obsoletely denticulate, lierbaceous-green,
membranous, scabrid, f to 3 in. long by | to 1 in. broad ; flower.s
whitish, ^ to j^ in. long, sessile or subsessile, many together,

776 LXXXIX. SCROPHULARIACEiE. [BuchnCl'a

arranged in sessile terminal semi-ellipsoidal bracteate heads which
are |^ to f in. long and together form terminal corymbs ; bracts
about equalling the calj'x, oblong or ovate, glabrous inside, ciliate,
somewhat hispid on the back, the hairs whitish ; bracteoles
narrower, about equalling the calyx or its tube, ciliate ; calyx i
to |- in. long or rather more, shortly 5-lobed ; the tube glabrous
inside, ribbed or angled ovitside, some of the ribs or angles ciliate ;
the teeth lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, ciliate, somewhat
unequal ; corolla tubular, the tube rather slender, straight or
somewhat curved near the apex, as long as the calyx ; the limb
rather small, 5-lobed ; stamens 4, didynamous, inserted about the
middle of the corolla -tube, glabrous ; filaments short ; anthers
nai-rowly lanceolate, acute, rather small ; pistil about I in. long,
glabrous, included ; style ^^ in. long, not very slender ; stigma
rather small ; capsule i in. long, glabrous, 2 -celled ; seeds
numerous.

Pi'XGO Andongo. — In the forest between Cazella and Zambe, only
one specimen ; fl. and fr. 7 June 1857. No. 5850.

5. B. ensifolia Engl., I.e., xxiii. p. 511 (1897).
Yar. andongensis Engl., I.e., p. 512.

Prxfio Andongo. — A slender, annual, erect herb, in habit resembling
some Strif/a ; the whole plant quickly turning black in drying ; stem
undivided below, oppositely branched above, pilose with short hairs ;
leaves linear, sub-erect, bright green, shortly pilose ; flowers blue. In
rocky pastures on the highest mountains of the presidium; fl. and
young fr. May 1857. No. 5882.

6. B. Welwitsehii Engl., I.e., xviii. p. 70 (1893).

PuN(;o Andongo. — An annual erect herb, turning bluish black in
drying ; flowers blue. In moist meadows and sandy thickets near
Lombe and Condo ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 5847. At Calunda
Mangue; fl. and fr. No. 5859.

HuiLLA. — An annual erect slender herb, simple or very rarely
branched ; radical leaves rosulate ; corolla deep blue, the limb 5-cleft,
the two upper lobes a little shorter than the rest, all flat and obtuse.
In moist sandy places on the Humpata plateau ; fl. April 18G0
No. 5833.

Var. elata.

An erect annual herb 2 to 3 ft. high ; stem simple and leafy
below ; the lower leaves oblong, remotely toothed, very scabrid,
about 2 in. long by }j in. broad ; inflorescence less densely hairy
than in the type ; flowei-s pale blue.

MossAMEDES. — In sandy places at the river Maimbo ; rather rare ;
fl. Oct. 1859. No. 5827.

7. B. angolensis Engl., I.e.

HuiLLA. — An annual erect slender herb, 4 to 12 in. high, branched
from the base, the whole plant turning black in drying ; stem and
branches tetragonal ; leaves bright green ; flowers arranged in tetra-
gonal species ; corolla violet- blue, the tube rather long, the limb
5-cleft. In elevated pastures on the Humpata plateau, near Empa-
lanca ; fl. April 1860. No. 5829.

Buchnera] Lxxxix. sckophulariace.e. 777

8. B. trinervia Eiiijl., I.e., xxiii. [). 512 (1897).

PiTN(;(i A\i)<)N(;o. — No notes. In H. and fr. No. 5883 An erect,
annual green herb, somewhat resembling a Lavfnnh/lu in liabit, 2 to .'> ft.
high or more ; Howers blue, scentless, as is the whole pliint. In sandy
thickets between Luxillo and Cazella, very rare; tl. Jan. 1857.
No. 5885. Leaves linear, opposite ; flowers arranged in dense quad-
rangular spikes. In moist meadows at the river Cuanza; fr. May 1H57.
CoLi,. C.\i;i'. 8i)K.

9. B. hurapatensis Hiern, .sp. n.

An annual, erect, branched, rather slender herb, 9 to 12 in. high,
dusky in the dry state, glabrous throughout except small callous
scales scattered over some parts; stem angular, usually bright
purple-red ; branches opposite or the upper one.'^ alternate,
ascending, the flowering ones virgate ; leaves opposite or the
upper ones alternate, mostly purplish, lanceolate or sublinear,
obtuse or somewhat pointed at the apex, somewhat narrowed to
the sessile base, ranging up to 1-^ in. long by i in. broad, the
lowest ones small, nearly glabrous, sulventire, the margins
minutely crenulate-undulate with cartilaginous-callous scales or
teeth and very naiTowly revolute ; flowers about ^ to \- in. long,
subsessile, arranged mostly in pairs or nearly so, arranged in
interrupted pedunculate spikes of 2 to 6 in. in length termi-
nating the stem and branches; bracts broadly ovate, obtuse,
concave, adpressed to the calyx J to i in. long, glabrous or
nearly so; calyx i to i in. long, slightly mealy-puberulous,
tubular, shortly 5-toothed ; the tube campanulate-oblong, some-
what costate-angular ; the teeth more or less triangular-, pointed,
somewhat unequal, much shorter than the tube ; corolla tubular,
the tube green, scarcely curved, but little inflated at the base,
about as long as the calyx ; the limb rather small, 5-cleft, sub-
bilabiate, the segments flat ; stamens 4, didynamous, inserted
about the middle of the corolla-tube, all fertile ; ovary 2-celled ;
style short ; stigma sub-bilobed, with one lobe nearly obsolete ;
capsule coriaceous, 2-celled, 2-valved, about } in. long, the valves
entire or sometimes emarginate ; seeds numerous.

HuiLLA. — In the damp pastures of Humpata and Nene, among
short grass ; fl. and fr. 19 April 1859. No. 5798.

Nearly related to B. mnummbicemh Kl., but the inflorescence is more
interrupted and the flowers smaller.

The following No. is probably a new species of Buchnera allied
to B. dura Benth. : —

PuNGo AxDOMio.— No notes. In late fl. Plant 18 in. high, once
trichotomous. The leaves are narrowed towards the tip and the calyx
teeth are sub-deltoid. No. 5886.

23. CYCNIUM E. Mey. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 969.

1. C. adonense E. Mev. ex Benth. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i.
p. .368 (1836).

PuNGo Anpongo. — A low. densely caispitose herb : root perennial,
woody : stems numerous, prostrate, ascending ; corolla salvershaped,
at first white, soon turning clear blue, at length violet-livid. In the

778 LXXXIX. SCROPHULARIACE^. [C jJCIlium

course of drying the stems and leaves also become tinged with a livid
bluish colour. In sandy wooded places near Cazella, seen nowhere
else in the district; fi. 18 Oct. 1856. No. 5868-

HuiLLA. — A perennial herb ; stems several ; leaves herbaceous-
green; flowers milk-white, soon turning a livid-violet colour, at length
when dry blackish. In pastures among low bushes near Lopollo, very
rare, fl. Feb. 1860. A handsome form with leaves ranging up to 3jin.
by H in. broad and flowers up to 4 in. long. No. 5779.

24. RHAMPHICARPA Benth. ; Benth. & Hk. f. Gen. PI. ii. 969.

1. R. fistulosa Benth. in DC. Prodr. x. p. 504 (1846).

R. longiflora Bentli. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. p. 368 (1836),
partly; not in DC, I.e. Macrosiphon Jistidosus and M. elongatus
Hochst. in Flora, xxiv. p. 374 (1841).

PuNGO AxDOXGO. — An annual herb, 1 to 2 ft. high, at first erect,
afterwards especially when in fruit decumbent or ascending, in the
living state yellowish-green, quickly turning black in drying : flowers
whitish-rosy. In swampy places among Cyperace;e, at the banks of
the river Cuanza, near Cavallo, plentiful : fl. and fr. 31 Jan. 1857.
No. 5889. In Mata Lucala ; fl. and fr. No. 5889^. Without fl. or
fr. Dec. 1896. No. 5862.

2. R. angolensis Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xviii. p. 74 (1893).
HuiLLA. — An annual erect asperulous herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, branched

above ; stem obtusely tetragonal, mostly purple ; leaves strictly and
everywhere opposite, bipinnately laciniate, all the segments Imear
and as well as the stem and calyces beset with hyalme somewhat
rigid and glandular hairs ; flowers bibracteolate ; calyx elongate-
campanulate, herbaceous-green ; the 5 teeth elongated, spreading,
linear, persistent ; corolla milk-white, rosy at the throat and in the
tube, the whole soon turning bluish, at length blackisb, almost
salvershaped ; its tube slender, much longer thau the calyx, gibbous
in the middle on the upper side in consequence of the turgidity of the
anthers ; the limb 5-cleft, bilabiate : the lobes obovate, the 2 upper
ones ascending and a little shorter than the 3 lower ones which are a
little larger and spread downwards or stretched forwards as in some
species of Mimulas ; stamens 4, inserted on the corolla-tube a little
above its base, included, but little didynamous ; filaments bearded ;
anthers unilocular with an evident tendency to the formation of a
septum : style quite simple, subfiliform, but little thickened in the
middle, subulate at the apex and there very delicately papillose-
stigmatose ; young capsule obliquely horned, bilocular ; placentas
united ; young seeds like sawdust in shape. On a clay soil in bushy
places and thickets sprung up after neglected cultivation, on the right
bank of the Lopollo river, rather rare ; fl. at the end of March, fr. at
the beginning of May 1860. No. 5780.

25. STRIGA Lour. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 968.

1. S. orobanchioides Benth. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. p. 361,
t. 19 (1836).

Bilchnera gesnerioides Willd. Sp. PI. iii. p. 338 (1800). Lathrma
gesnerioides Konig ex Wilkl., I.e. B. orobaiichoides Br. in Salt,
Abyss., App. p. Ixiv (1814). S. gesnerioides Vatke in Oesterr.
Bot. Zeitschr. xxv. p. 11 (1875).

Strifja] i.xxxix. scrophulauiace.f,. 779

LoANOA. — A herb, bright green in the living state, even the ovaries
and capsules herbaceous-green and as also the stem and scales
varnished-glossy : flowers violet in colour, open nearly throughout the
year ; in moist sandy places, parasitical at the roots of Sluifprr/a hiculnr
Choisy (Wehv. Coll. Carp. 701), about Loanda, as for instance at
Represa de Luiz domes : fl. and fr. Dec. ]8o;5 and April ]Hr)4.
Primary stem usually twisted and deformed, the other stems strictly
erect, G to 12 in. high, as well as the ovate-acuminate scale-like leaves
pale green quickly turning black ; branchlets quite erect, adpressed
to the stems, ttoribund as well as the stems : floral leaves bract-like,
scarcely reaching half-way up the calyx ; flowers almost always violet,
very rarely white, never seen otherwise coloured ; calyx-ribs thick,
raised ; the '2 lateral bracteoles lanceolate : in rather damp sand}-
somewhat muddy depressions where rain-water ponds, from Loanda
towards Quicuxe, plentiful : fl. and young fr. 7 Feb. ISf)',). No. 5916.

PiMio Ando.ngo. — An annual, green herb, the whole plant turning
black in drying : flowers lilac. In damp bushy places at the river
Luxillo ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1857. No. 5848.

MossAMEDES. — A dusky red herb with pale bluish flowers. In
sandy bushy places at the banks of the river Bero, near Cavalheiros,
sparingly ; 'fl. and fr. July 18oit. No. 5824.

2. S. Thunbergii Benth. in Hook., I.e., p. 363.

Buchnera asiatica L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 630 (1753) partlv.
B. hilabiata Thimb. Prodr. PI. Cap. p. 100 (1800).

Pt'nco Andonco. — A somewhat fleshy herb, green in the living
state ; flowers verv bright violet in colour. In moist pastures near
Condo : fl. and fr. "March 1857. No. 5854.

HuiLLA. — Flowers red-purple. In the damp meadows of the
Monino, in company with species of Primulaceai and BiivmmDiia hicalor
Mait. var. afrivrnm, Ridl. (Welw. Herl). No. 6473) ; fl. and fr. Dec.
1859 and Jan. IsOd. No. 5822.

3. S. canescens Engl. Pfl. Cst-Afr., C, p. 361 (1895).
HuiLLA. — An annual herb ; root subsimple ; stems few, very

slender, erect ; leaves opposite, lanceolate-linear, subulate ; adpressed
closely to the stem ; flowers pale lilac. In little woods of Proteaceae,
among herbs, at the river Monino, sparingly ; fl. end of Nov. 1859.
No. 5823.

In our specimens the lobes of the anterior lip of the corolla are
ovate-oblong rather than lanceolate, and the plants are less hoary than
in the type.

4. S. Welwitschii Engl. in. Bot. Jahrb. xxiii. 514, t. xii. tig. F, o.
HriLLA. — An annual, parasitical, pilose-viscid, canescent herblet, in

habit somewhat resembling a species of thyme : stem erect, sparingly
branched towards the apex ; flowers pale lilac. In thickets on a sandy
clay soil, about LopoUo, rather rare : fl. and fr. Dec. 1X59. No. 5820.
Flowers whitish : in sandy thickets on the right bank of the LopoUo
river : fl. and fr. Jan. 1860. Flowers white ; in hilly bushy sandy
places among short grasses, between the Ivantiila lake and Quilengues ;
fl. and fr. Feb. 1860. No. 5821.

5. S. elegans Benth. in Hook., I.e., p. 363.

Pr.\(;() Andomio. — A green parasitical herb, with splendid scarlet
flowers. In moist meadows near Sobato N-billa : fl. and fr. IMarch
1857. No. 5851.

780 Lxxxix. scROPHULARiACEyE. [Striga

6. S. lutea Lour. Fl. Cochinch. p. 22 (1790).

»S'. coccinea Benth. in Hook., I.e., p. 364. S. hirsida Benth. in
DC. Prodr. x. p. 502 (1846).

PuNoo Andonho. — An erect annual rather scabrid herblet, 2h to
Ih in. high ; leaves linear ; flowers very brilliantly cinnabar-red ; calyx
lO-striate ; corolla-tube curved above the middle. Sub-parasitical in
damp pastures on a rich soil to the south-west of the prsesidium, on
the right bank of the river Cuanza ; fi. and fr. 4 Jan. 1867. No. 5881.
Flowers very bright scarlet. In sandy wooded places between Luxillo
and Cazella ; fl. Jan. 1867. No. 5880.

HuiLLA. — Flowers very bright scaidet. In pastures among low
bushes and in the neighbouring wooded meadows, between LopoUo
and Jau ; fl. Dec. 1859 and Feb. to April 1860. No. 5819.

7. S. Forbesii Benth. in Hook., I.e., p. 364.
PuNGo AxDONGO.— At Lombe, fr. No. 5893.

8. S. macrantha Benth. in DC, I.e., p. 503.

Buchnera inacrantha Benth. in Hook., I.e., p. 366. B. Bilttneri
Engl., I.e., xviii. p. 72 (1893).

GoLUNGO Alto. — An annual herb, with the habit of a Rhhianthus,
strictly erect ; flowers white ; corolla-tube incurved at the apex
almost at a right angle ; the limb 4-cleft, with rounded lobes ; capsule
2-celled, many-seeded. On sparingly grassy slopes among the mountains
of Alto Queta ; fl. and fr. April 1856. No. 5907. Spikes of flowers
thick, prismatic. On the declivities of the Quilombo mountains,
sporadic ; fr. July 1856. Coll. Carp. 806.

26. HARVEYA Hook. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 967.

1. H. andongensis Hiern, sp. n.

A herb, about 14 in. high; stem erect, rather slender, weak,
scaly at the base, nearly leafless at least on the lower half ; upper
leaves few, narrowly elliptical, acute, glandular-pubescent, sessile,
§ to f in. long, suberect, alternate or subopposite ; inflorescence
lax ; flowers about 3, terminal and subterminal, ] ,} to 2 in. long,
somewhat drooping, blood-red ; peduncles f to l{r in. long, suberect,
pubescent with short spreading glandular hairs ; calyx cam-
panulate-tubular, | to J in. long; the tube i to 'i in. long by
i in. broad, puberulous or nearly glabrous ; the lobes 5, deltoid-
ovate, glandular-ciliolate, about i in. long ; corolla-tube deep
yellow and puberulous outside, narrowly tubular and i in. broad
in the lower half, funnel-shaped and widened upwards, more or
less curved ; the limb spreading, l^to If in. in diameter, 5-partite,
membranous, glabrous ; the segments rounded, veiny ; anthers
included, placed about the middle of the corolla-tube ; style curved
and glandular-puberulous about the shortly exserted apex ;
stigma subglobose.

PuNGO Andongo.^ — In secondary Panda forests between Quibinde
and Quitage ; one specimen, fl. beginning of March 1857. No. 5867.

Diifers from //. capcnsis by longer peduncles, etc.

2. H. huillensis Hiern, sp. n.

A glandular-shaggy, simple, erect herb, about 5 in. high,

llarveyd] lxxxix. scrophulariace^. 78J

apparently parasitical ; leaves opposite, oval-oblong or narrowly
obovate, obtuse at the apex, narrowed towards the sessile liase,
herbaceous, r^ to 1 in. long, about \ in. broad, the lower ones
smaller and squamiform ; flowers solitary in the upper axils,
.spreading, about 1^\ in. long; peduncles about ,y in. long; calyx
nearly an inch long, about ] in. broad, tubular, somewhat intlatod
or at least very loosely surrounding the middle of the corolla-lube ;
the lobes 5, subequal, ovate-lanceolate, 1 to \ in. long ; corolla
sub-bilabiate, glandular puberulous outside, the tube narrowly
tubular below where included in the calyx-tube, inflated some-
what ventricose and yellow above where exserted ; the limb
about ^ in. in diameter, blue ; with obovate segments whicli arc
about ^r in. long ; style curved near the apex, about equalling the
corolla-tube ; stigma broadly obovoid.

Hr ii.LA. — In Panda forests between Bordo da Terra and the Ivant ila
lake, one specimen ; fl. 28 Feb. 1800. No. 5840.

Differs from H. ■'^cdrlathia Hook, by shorter calyx, etc.

INDEX OF GENERA.

Achyrocline, 5?.f>.
AchyrocUnc, SfU.
Aden Off imu7)i, 5!t 1 .
A dcnojjoffon, 711.
Adenostemma, 5-12.
Agatacha, .545.
Affatheea, 545.
Agauria, 632.
Ageratum, 542.
Alafia, 673.
Alectra, 767.
Alston la, 6(10.
Ambrosia, 574.
Avtbuli, 758.
A 1)1 bulla, 758.
Amidhis, 579.
Anagallis, 635.
Andnwieda. 632.
Aniseia, 744.
Anisopappns, 57-J.
Afitlwmis, 588.
Anthocleista, 701.
Anticharis, 756.
Aptosimum, 755.
Arduina, 664.
Argyranthemvm , 590
Argyreia, 743.
Arnica, 615.
Artemisia, 590.
Asclepias, 683.
Asclepias, 687.
Aspilia, 578.
Anter, 545, 647.
Athanasia, 589.
Athrixia, 565.
Athrixia, 545.
Atropa, 752.
Azima. 659.

Jiaccliaru, 557.
Baissea, 675.
Barrowia, 694.
Batatas, 736, 740.
Belmontia, 706.
Benthamistella, 774.
BerJtheya, 608.
Berkheyopsis, 608.
Bidens, 587.

^/^7r?M, 588.
Blieria, 634.
Bin mi a, 555, 556.
Bojerla, 566.
Bonnaya, 764.
Bopusia, 772.
Bovaqinella, 720, 721.
B or ago, 721.
Borraginoides, 720.
Bothrioeline, 515.
Bonccrosia. 697.
Braml, 760.
Brelimia, 702.
Bri'weria, 724.
Bnchnera, 775.
Biivhnera, lol, 778-80.
Buddleja, 701.
Biilhopodivm. 542.
Birmvlia, (\k().
Bitphtlialninm. 579.

Cacalia, 595.
Calendula, 607.
Calonyction, 742.
Calostepbane, 569.
Calutropis, 687.
Calyptripk-x, 760.
Campa/iopsis, 631.
Campaiwla, 631.
Canthium, 511.
Capraria, 766.
Capsicum, 751.
Caralluma, 697.
Carandas, 664.
Carelia, 542, 543.
Carissa, 664.
Centuiicvhis, 636.
Cepbalaria, 512.
Cephalostigma, 628.
Ceratocvphahis. 584.
Ceropegia, 694.
Cervicina, 631.
Cestrum, 754.
Chcpnostoma, 756.
Chionanthvs, 658.
Chironia, 709.
Chlorocodon, 680,
Chrysanthellum, 588.

Chrysanthemum, 590.
Chrysophyllum, 640.
Cineraria, 598.
Coinochlaviys, 699.
Coldenia, 717.
Convolvulus, 726.
Convolvulus, 725, 727-30,

732, 733, 735-40, 742.

743.
Conysa, 555.
Conyza, 5:^1, 522, 547,

549, 550-52, 555. 557,

559.
Cordia, 712.
Coreopsis, 584.
Cornvs, 713.
Cotula, 590.
Crassocephalum, 593.
Craterostigma, 761.
Crepis, 616.
Crejns, 615.
Cressa, 724.
Crocodilodes. 608.
Cryptolepis, 676.
Crystalloj)ollcn, 519.
Cuscuta, 743.
Cycnium, 777.
Cynanchum, 688.
Cynanchum, 690.
Cynoglossum, 721.
Cyphia, 628.

Dtnnla, 690.
Datura, 753.
Dc'oabelone, 697.
Becaneurum, 528.
Detris. 545.
Dianthoseris, 623.
Biceros, 758,
Dichondra, 723.
Dichrocephala, 544.
Bick/a, 758.
Diclis, 756.
Dicoma, 613
Diospyros, 651.
Biospyros, ()47.
Diplorhyncbus, 666.
Doemia, 690.
Doratantliera, 756.

INDEX.

783

Dresca, fi93.
Dti7ialia, 7(51.
Bycroj^hytnm, Cy'-M

Ehemis, 650.
Echites, 672.
Echium, 722.
Eclipta, 575.
Ucliptica, 575.
Ucfadiopsli, 67().
Ehretia, 716.
Elcphantopus, 540.
Eliclirysum. oIlO.
Unihrlia, C^S.
Emilia, 595.
Engleria, 591.
Enicostema, 711.
Epaltes, 558.
Ericoila, 711.
Erigerodes, 558.
Erigeron, 547.
Er'igeron, 550, 552.
Erythrocepbalum, (112.
Ethulia, 513.
Etlmlia, 558.
Euclea, 647.
Eupatoriojfhalac ro ti

575.
Eupatorium, 542.
Eupatorinm, 543.
Euphorbia, 689.
Evolvulus, 723.
Erolvulns, 729.
Exocheeninm, 707, 708.

FalMa, 729.
Faroa, 710.
Felicia, 545.
Ficalhoa, 632.
Fockea, 693.
Friedrichiithalia.

Gazania, 607.
Geigeria, 570.
licigff'ui, 5();).
(icntiana. 711.
Geranlia. 767, 770, 772.
Gcrardianelld. 77n.
Gerardiina, 770.
Gcrbcra, 615.
Gcrdaria, 773.
Glossostelma, 688.
Glossostylis, 767.
Gnaphalium, 559.
Gnaphalium, 559. 5(>2,

565.
Gnaphalon, 559.
Gomphocarpus, 683.

Gongronema, 692.
<iongrothamnus, 591.
(ivadrria, IVl.
Grangca, 545.
Gutenbergia, 514.
Gymnema, 691.
Gyncma, 557.
Gymira, 593.

Hcemaxtegia, 612,
Harveya, 780.
Hclichriixiim. 560.
mJiopftytiim, ri'.i.
lU'liotropiuiii, 717.
lIiTiU'ria, 540.
Ilrrpfstis, 760.
llrurnia, 698.
llrirUtia, 727.
//irniriion, CAG.
llipj)i(m, 711.
I[ij)j)h>nnm, 711.
Ildodia, 697.
Ilottoma, 758, 760.
lluernia, 698.
Ilydropityon, 758.
II y inenospfrmwn, 767.

//>(>ya, 667.
Ilysauthes, 764.
Inula, 566.

/yyo?«YfM, 725-31, 742, 743.
Ipomoea, 731.

Jacquemonlia, 725.
Jameslrittenia, 757.
Jasminoderium, 664.
Jasminum, 654.
Jaumea, 589.

Kavlunia, 644.
Krthusia, 726.

Ladniopylls, 700.
Lactuca, 619.
iMrfin-a, 623.
l;ai,fgera, 556.
I.nndolphia. 660.
LatJirifn, 77S.
Laioiifii, C)!!).
Lepidostcmon. 731.
Lepistemon, 731.
Lencothne, 632.
Lightiootia, 629.
Lightfootia, 628, 629.
Limnophila, 758.
Limosella, 766.

IJndcniia, 763.
fjinocicra, 65S.
J/ipotrich(\ 579.
Lobelia, 625.
Lohdia, 624.
Jjiichncra, 667.
Lycium, 752.
Lycopersicon, 744.
Lycopersicvm, 744.
Lyprria, 75().

Maba. 650.
Macrlla, 545.
MiLcniryanu.s, 531 .
Macrosiphon, 11><.
Ma2sa, 637.
Manvlea, 757.
Marsdeiiia, (!92.
Marsea, 550.
Matoiired, 75S.
Mayci)ea. 65S.
J/i'f(ird(i)tiii, 760.
Mcgaldthrca. 612.
Melauthera, 579.
Melasma, 767.
Melasma, 772.
-lA'/Zrt. 760.
Meridiaiia, 607.
Merremia, 727.
Micrargeria, 770.
Microglossa, 549.
Microglossa, 550.
Micropyxls, 636.
Mihania, 543.
Mimulus, 758.
Mimusops, 644,
Mitranthus, 763.
MoIIera, 569.
Monetia, 659.
Moniera, 760.
Mostuea, 699.
Motandra, 672.
Motandra, 674.
Myrsine, ()38.

Nathusia, 656.
Ncmia, 757.
Nicandra, 752.
Nicotiana, 754.
Nidorella. 550.
Aigrina, 767.
Notonia, 596.
Niixia, 700.

Odontcspermum. 574.
Odontostelnia, 6S3.
Olea, 658.
Oligothrix, 603.

50

784

Omphalopappus, 576.
Oncinotis, 674.
Operculina, 730.
Orohanclw, 768.
Orthanthera, 694.
Osteospermum, 607.
Othonna, 603.

Pachypodium, 676.
Pacouria, 660.
Palmstruckia, 756,
Parasia, 706.
Parastranthus, 625.
Pattara, 638.
Pegolettia, 568.
Pentagonia, 752.
Pentanevia, 566.
Pentarrhinum, 687.
Perdicium, 615.
Perhierion, 675.
Periploca, 681.
Periploca, 680, 691.
Phagnalon, 559.
Phagnalon, 565.
Pharbitis, 736.
Philippia. 633.
Physalis, 750.
Physalis, 752.
Physalodes, 752.
Physaloides, 752.
Pirarda, 513.
Placus, 555.
Pleiocarpa, 665.
Pleiotaxis, 610.
Pluchea, 557.
Plumbago, 634.
Plumeria, 667.
Podachcenium, 596.
Polliehia, 720.
Polyalthia, 654.
Porphyrostemmay 568.
Premna, 700.
Psednotrichia, 544.
Psiadia, 553.
Psiadia, 549.
Pyxidaria, 763,

Quamoclit, 742.
Qnaqua, 697.

RapHdophyllum, 773.
Raphionacme, 678.

Rauvolfia, 665.
Rhamphicarpa, 77
RkinantJms, 767.
Rivea, 743.
Koyena, 647.

Salaxis, 633.
Salvadora, 659.
Samolus, 637.
Saniluni, 726.
SajHita, 643.
Sarcostemma, 688.
Scabiosa, 512.
Scaevola, 624.
Schizoglossum, 683.
Sahizofflo.ssi/m, 684.
Sckrc'bera, 656.
Schwenkia, 754.
Sclerocarpus, 575.
Scoparia, 766.
Sebtea, 705.
Secamone, 681.
•Seddera, 724.
Senecio, 597.
Senecio, 593, 594, 596.
Septas, 760.
Serratida. 556.
Seruneum, 576.
Shutereia, 726.
Sibthorpia, 766.
Sideroxylon, 644.
Sideroacylim, 641.
Sigesbeckia, 574,
Solanum, 745,
Solatium, 744.
Sonchus, 622.
,So?ichus, 619.
Sopubia, 772.
Sopuhia, 772.
Sphacophyllum, 573.
Sphaerant'hus, 558.
Sphferocodon, 692.
Spilanthes, 584.
Stapelia, 698.
Stapelia, 698.
Stathmostelma, 686.
Stellularia, 774.
Stemodia, 758.
Stemodiacra, 758.
Stictocardia, 743.
Stcebe, 565.
Striga, 778.
Strophauthus, 670.
Strychnos, 702.

Sutera, 756.
Sutera, 757,
Swertia, 711.
Synedrella, 584.

Tabernremontana, 669.
Tabernanthe, 667.
Tacazzea, 678.
Tagetes. 589.
Tarchonanthus, 554.
Tavaresia, 697.
Terebmthina, 759.
ThysanuTUH, 570, 572.
Tolpis, 615.
Torenia, 762.
Torenia, 761, 762.
Trichandrum, 560.
Trielwdesma, 720.
Tripteris, 607.
Tylophora, 691.

Vahea, 660.
Yandeliia, 763.
Varronia, 714.
Velvitsia, 771.
Yerbemia, 542, 575, 584.

588.
Vernonia, 516.
Vernonia, 516, 568.
Vk'oa, 566.
Vinca, 677.
Vincetoxicum, 691.
Voacanga, 668.
Vogelia, 635.

Waldenberqia, 628, 631.
Webbia, 519, 522.
Wedelia, 576.
Welwitschiella, 589.
Willoughbya, 543.
Willugbffiya, 543.
Withania, 752.

Xyridopsis, 603.
Xysmalobium, 6:

Zaczatea, 678
Zygodia, 673.
Zygonerion, 6

Printed by Hazell, Watson, & Viney, Ltd., London and Aylesbury.

LIST OF THE CURllENT

NATURAL HISTORY rUBLICATIONS

OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE

BRITISH MUSEUM.

The follo\vin<if publications can bo ])urchase(l through the Agency of
Messrs. LoNGArANS & Co., 39, Faternoster Row ; Mr. Quaritch,
iii, Piccadilly ; Messrs. Kkgan Paul, Trench, TitiJiiNEU &
Co., Paternoster House, Cliaring Cross Road; and Messrs.
DuLAU & Co., 37, Soke Square; or at the Natukai. IIistoky
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Catalogue of the Specimens and Drawings of Mammals, Birds,
Reptiles, and Fishes of Nepal and Tibet. Presented hy Ij. II.
Hodgson, Esq., to the British Museum. 2nd edition. By
John Edward Gray. Pp. xii,, 90. [With an account of tlie
Collection by Mr. Hodgson.] 1863, 12mo. 2s. 3d.

lleport on the Zoological Collections made in tiie Indo-Pacific
Ocean during the voyage of H.M.S. "Alert," lSHl-2. Pp.
XXV., 684. 54 Plates. 1884, Svo.

Summary of the Voyage - By Dr. R. \V. Coppinger.

Mammalia - - - „ O. Thomas.

Aves - - - - „ R. B. Sharpe.

Reptilia, Batrachia, Pisces - „ A. Giinther.
Mollusca - - - „ E. A. Smith.

Eehinodermata - - „ F. J. Bell.

Crustacea - - „ E. J. Miers.

Coleoptera - - - „ C. O. Waterhouse.

Lepidoptera - - - „ A. G. Butler.

Alcyonaria and Spoiigii<la - „ S. O. Ridley.

MAMMALS.

1/. 10.9.

List of the Specimens of Mammalia in the Collection of the
Briti.sh Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S. Pp. xxviii.,
216. [With Systematic List of the Genera of Mannnalia,
Index of Donations, and Alphabetical Index.] IH4','>, 12mo.
2.V. 6d.

List of the Osteological Specimens in the Collection of tiie
British Mu.seum. By John Edward Gray. Pp. xx\-., 147.
[With Systematic Index and Appendix.] 1847, 12 mo. 2s.
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2 LIbT OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

Catalo<^ue of the Bones of Mammalia in the Collection of the
British Museum. Bj Edward Gerrard. Pp. iv., 296. 1862,
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Catalogue of Monkeys, Lemurs, and Fruit-eating Bats in the
Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S.,
&c. Pp. viii., lo7. 21 Woodcuts. 1870, 8vo. 4^.

Catalogue of Carnivorous, Pachydermatous, and Edentate Mam-
malia in the British Museum. By John Edward Gray, F.E.S.,
&c. Pp. vii., 398. 47 Woodcuts. 1869, 8vo. 6s. 6d.

Catalogue of Seals and Whales in the British Museum. By John
Edward Gray, F.E.S., &c. 2nd edition. Pp. vii., 402. 101
Woodcuts. 1866, 8vo. 8*.

Supplement. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. vi.,

103. 11 Woodcuts. 1871, 8vo. 2s. 6f7.

List of the Specimens of Cetacea in the Zoological Department of
the British Museum. By William Henry Flower, LL.D.,
F.R.S, &c. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.]
Pp. iv., 36. 1885, 8vo.'l*. 6d.

Catalogue of Ruminant Mammalia {Pecora, Linnaeus) in the
British Museum. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp.
viii., 102. 4 Plates. 1872, 8vo. 3s. Qd.

Catalogue of the Marsupialia and Monotremata in the Collection
of the British Museum. By Oldfield Thomas. Pp. xiii., 401.
4 coloured and 24 plain Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha-
betical Indexes.] 1888, 8vo, I/. 8s.

BIRDS.

Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum : —

Vol. VI. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds
in the Collection of the British Musuem. Cichlomorphcc :
Part III., containing the first portion of the family Timeliida?
(Babbling Tlirushes). By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xiii.,
420. Woodcuts and 18 coloured Plates. [With Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1881, 8vo. \L
Vol. VII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. CicJilo-
■morplice : Part IV., containing the concluding portion of
the family Timeliidae (Babbling Thrushes). By R.
Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xvi., 698. Woodcuts and 15
coloured Plates, [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1883, 8vo. 1/. 6s.
Vol. VIII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes or Perching
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morph(c : Part V., containing the families Paridje and
Laniidie (Titmice and Shrikes) ; and Certliiomorphcc
(Creepers and Nuthatches). By Hans Gadow, M.A., Ph.D.
Pp. xiii., 386. Woodcuts and 9 coloured Plates. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1883, Svo. 17s.

BiUTiSll MUSELM (NATURAL IIII^TOIIV). 3

Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum — continued.

Vol. IX. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds,
in the Collection of the British Museum. Cinnyrunorphce,
containing the families Nectariniida3 and IMelipluigidai
(Sun Birds and Iloney-caters). By Hans Gadow, M.A.,
Ph.D. Pp. xii., 310. Woodcuts and 7 coloured Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1884,
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Vol. X. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds,
in the Collection of the British jNIuseum. Fringilliformes :
Part I., containing the families Dicaeida;, Hirundinidje,
Ampelidaj, Mniotiltidaj, and Motacillid.-e. By R. Bowdler
Sharpe. Pp. xiii., 682. Woodcuts and 12 coloured Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885,
8vo. 1/. 2*.

Vol. XI. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Biids,
in the Collection of the; British Museum. Fringilliformes :
Part II., containing the families Coerebidse, Tanagridse,
and Icteridaj. By Philip Lutley Sclatcr, M.A., F.R.S.
Pp. xvii., 431. [With Systematic and Alphabetical
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Vol. XII. Catalogue of the Passerifornus, or Perching
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E. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xv., 871. Woodcuts and IG
coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1888, 8vo. 1/. 8^.

Vol. XIII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Sturni-
forrnes, containing the families Artamidoe, Sturnidai,
Ploceidaj, and Alaudidai. Also the families Atriehiidte
and Mcnurid;e. By II. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xvi., 701.
Woodcuts and 15 coloured Plates. [With Systenuitic
and Alphalietical Indexes.] 1890, 8vo., 1^ 8a-.

Vol. XIV. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perchinor
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Oligo-
inyodcc, or the familie.-> Tyranuida:', Oxyrhamphida3,PipridiB,
Cotingida3, Phytotomidae, Philepittida?, Pittidae, Xenicida;,
and EuryliEmidaj. By Philip Lutley Sclater, M.A.,
F.E.S. Pp. xix., 494. Woodcuts and 2G coloured Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1888,
8vo. 1/. 4*.

Vol. XV, Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Tracheo-
phoncE^ or the families DendrocoLiptid;e, Formicariida,',
Couopophagida;, and Pteroptochidaj. By Philip Lutley
Sclater, M.A., F.R.S. Pp. xvii., 371. Woodcuts and 20
coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1890, 8vo. 1/.

4 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum — continued.

Vol. XVI. Catalogue of the Picarise in the Collection of the
British Museum. Upupce and Trochili, by Osbert Salviu.
Corac'uc, of the families Cypselidse, Capriraulgidfe, Podar-
gidje, and Steatornithidse, by Ernst Hartert. Pp. xvi.,
703. Woodcuts and 14 coloured Plates, [With Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1892, 8vo. \l, 16*.

Vol. XVII. Catalogue of the Picaria; in the Collection of
the British Museum. Coracice (contin.) and Halcyones,
with the families LeptosomatidaB, Coraciid^e, Meropida:',
Alcedinidae, Momotidse, Totidae, and Coliidac, by R. Bowdler
Sharpe. Bucerotes and Trogones, by W. H. Ogilvie
Gi-ant. Pp. xi., 522. Woodcuts and 17 coloured Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1S92,
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Vol. XVIII. Catalogue of the Picariae in the Collection of
the British Museum. Scansores, containing the family
Picidai. By Edward Hargitt. Pp. xv., 597. Woodcuts
and 15 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha-
betical Indexes.] 1890, Bvo. 1/. 6s.

Vol. XIX. Catalogue of the Piearire in the Collection of
the British Museum. Scansores and Coccyges : contain-
ing the families Rhamphastidje, Galbulidse, and Bucconidae,
by P. L. Sclater ; and the families Indicatoridse, Capitonidae,
Ouculidae, and Musophagidae, by G. E. Shelley. Pp. xii.,
484 : 13 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha-
betical Indexes.] 1891, 8vo. \l. 5s.

Vol. XX. Catalogue of the Psittaci, or Parrots, in the
Collection of the British Museum. By T. Salvador!.
Pp. xvii., 658 : woodcuts and 18 coloured Plates. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1891, 8vo. 1/. 10*.

Vol. XXI. Catalogue of the Columbae, or Pigeons, in the
Collection of the British Museum. By T. Salvadori.
Pp. xvii., 676: 15 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and
Alphabetical Indexes.] 1893, 8vo. 1/. 10*.

Vol. XXII. Catalogue of the Game Birds (JPterocletes,
Gallince, Opisthocomi, Hemipodii) in the Collection of
the British Mxiseum. By W. R. Ogih-ie Grant. Pp. xvi.,
585 : 8 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha-
betical Indexes.] 1893, 8vo. \l. 6s.

Vol. XXIII. Catalogue of the Fulicariai (Rallidse and
Heliornithidae) and Alectorides (Aramidae, Eurypygidfe,
Mesitidae, Rhinochetidse, Gruidse, Psophiids, and Otidida^)
in the Collection of the British Museum. By R. Bowdler
Sharpe. Pp. xiii, 353 :' 9 coloured Plates. [With Syste-
matic and Alphaljetical Indexes.] 1«94, 8vo. 20*.

Vol. XXV. Catalogue of the Gavia; and Turbinares in the
Collection of the British Museum. Gaviae (Terns, Gulls,
and Skuas), by Howard Saunders. Turbinares (Petrels
and Albatrosses), by Osbert Salvin. Pp. xv., 475 : wood-
cuts and 8 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and
Alphabetical Indexes.] 1896, 8vo. 1/. 1*.

BRITISH .AIUSEUM (XATURAL TriSTORv), 5

Cataloijuo of tlie Birds in th« British Museum — continued.

Vol. XXVIL Catalogue of the Chenomorpha! (Palaincdciu,
Phoenieopteri, Anseres), Crypturi, and Katitai in the
Collection of the British Museum. By T. Salvador!.
P)). XV., 636 : 19 coloured Plates. [With svstemalic and
Alphabetical Indexes.] 1895, 8vo. 1/. 12*. '
List of the Specimens of Birds in the Collection of the British
Museum. By George Robert Gray : —

Part III., Section I. llamphastidae. Pp. 16. [With

Index.] 1855, 12rao. Qd.
Part III., Section II. Psittacida;. Pp.110. [With Index.]

1859, 12mo. 2*.
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Pp. 137. [With Index.] 1868, 12mo. 1*. 6d.
Part IV. Columba\ Pp.73. [With Index.] 1856, 12mo.

1*. M.
PartV. Gallinaj. Pp. iv., 120. [With an Alphabetical
Index.] 1867, 12mo. Is. 6d.
Catalogue of the Birds of the Tropical Islands of the Pacific
Ocean in the Collection of the British Museum. By George
Eobert Gray, F.L.S., &c. Pp. 72. [With an Alphabetical
Index.] 1859, 8vo. 1*. 6d.

REPTILES.

Catalogue of the Tortoises, Crocodiles, and Amphisbaenians in the
Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray,
P.R.S., 8cc. Pp. viii., 80. [With an Alphabetical Index.1

1844, I2mo. 1;?.

Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British
Museum. Bv John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c. : —
Appendix.' Pp. 28. 1872, 4to. 2s. 6d.

Part II. Emydosaurians, Rhynchocephalia, and Amphis-
baenians. Pp. vi., 41. 25 Woodcuts. 1872, 4to. 3*. 6d.
Hand-List of the Specimens of Shield Reptiles in the British
Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., F.L.S., &c. Pp. iv.,
124. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1873, 8vo. 4.y.

Catalogue of the Chelonians, Rhynchocephalians, and Crocodiles
in the British jMuseum (Natural History). New Edition. By
George Albert Boulenger. Pp. x., 311. 73 Woodcuts and 6
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1889,
8vo. 15*.

Catalogue of the Specimens of Lizards in the Collection of the
British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. xxviii.,
289. [With Geographic, Systematic, and Alphabetical Indexes.]

1845, 12mo. 3a-. 6rf.

Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural His-
tory). Second Edition. By George Albert Boulenger : —
Vol. I. Geckonida?, L'ublepnanda^ Uroplaliila^, Pygopodida\
Agamidiie. Pp. xii., 436. 32 Plates. [With Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, 8vo. 20.*.

6 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum — continued.

Vol. II. Iguanidte, Xeiiosauridae, Zonuridte, Anguidae,
Anniellidaj, Helodermatidas, Taranida?, Xantusiidge, Teiidse,
Amphisbaenidte, Pp. xiii., 497. 24 Plates. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, 8vo. 20*.
Vol. III. Lacertidse, Gerrhosauridte, Scincidae, Anelytro-
pidiB, Dibamida;, Chamaeleontida;. Pp. xii., 575. 40
Plates, [With a Systematic Index and an Alphabetical
Index to the three volumes.] 1887, 8vo. 1/. 6.9.
Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History),
By George Albert Boulenger, F.R.S. : —

Vol. I., containing the families Typhlopidne, Glauconiidae,

Boidoe, Ilysiidse, Uropeltid*, Xenopeltidse, and Colubridai

aglyplife, part. Pp. xiii., 448: 26 Woodcuts and 28

Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.]

1893, 8vo. ]/. 1*.

Vol. II., containing the conclusion of the ColubridiB aglyphas.

Pp. xi., 382: 25 Woodcuts and 20 Plates. [With

Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1894, 8vo. 17*. Qd.

Vol. III., containing the Colubrida3 (Opisthoglyphae and

Proteroglyphre), Amblycephalidte, and Viperidas. Pp. xiv.,

727: 37 Woodcuts and 25 Plates. [With Systematic

Index, and Alphabetical Index to the 3 volumes.] 1896,

8vo. I/. Qs.

Catalogue of Colubrine Snakes in the Collection of the British

Museum. By Dr. Albert Giinther. Pp. xvi., 281. [With

Geographic, Systematic, and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1858,

12mo. 4«.

BATRACHIANS.

Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia in the Collection of the
British Museum. By Dr. Albert Giinther. Pp. xvi., 160. 12
Plates. [With Systematic, Geographic, and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1858, 8vo. 6s.

Catalogue of the Batrachia Gradientia, s. Caudata, and Batrachia
Apoda in the Collection of the British Museum. Second
Edition. By George Albert Boulenger. Pp. viii., 127. 9
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1882,
8vo. 9*.

FISHES.

Catalogue of the Fishes in the Collection of the British Museum.
By Dr. Albert Giinther, F.R.S., &c. :—

Vol. VII. Physostomi (Heterophygii, Cyprinida^, Gono-
riiynchidse, Hyodontida^, Osteoglossidae, Clupeidfe, Chiro-
centridas, Alepocephalidi^, Notopterida;, Halosauridas).
Pp. XX., 512. Woodcuts. [ With Systematic and Alpha-
betical Indexes.] 1868, 8vo. Ss.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 7

Catalogue of Fishes in flic I^ritish ]\;luseum — continued.

Vol. VIII. Physostomi (Gyninotidai, Synibranchi<la3, i\Iuri«-
nidas. Pegasidje), Lopholn-anehii, Plectognathi, Dipnoi,
Ganoidei, Chondropterygii, Cyclostoraata, Leptocardii.
Pp. XXV., 549. [Witli Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1870, 8vo. 8*. 6d.
Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum. Second edition.
Vol. J. Catalogue of the Pereifoi-m Fishes in the British
Museum. Vol. 1. containing the Centrarchida3, Percida?, and
Seii-ani{la3 (part). By Oreorge Albert Boulenger, F.R.S. Pp.
xix., SOi. Woodcuts and 15 plates. [With Systematic ami
Alphabetical Indexes.] 1895, 8vo. 15.?.
List of the Specimens of Fish in the Collection of the British
Museum. Part I. Chondropterygii. By J. E. Gray. Pp. x.,
J 60. 2 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.]
1851, 12mo. 3.y.
Catalogue of Fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore
Gronow, now in the British Museum. Pp. vii., 196. [With a
Systematic Index.] 1854, 12mo. ;i.9. 6d.
Catalogue of Lophobrnnchiate Fish in the Collection of the British
Museum. By J. J. Kaup, Ph.D., &c. Pp. iv., 80. 4 Plates.
[With an Alphabetical Index.] 1856, 12mo. 2s.

MOLLUSCA.

Guide to the Systematic Distribution of Mollusca in the British
Museum. Part I. By John Edward Gray, Ph.D., F.R.S.,
&c. Pp. xii., 230. 121 Woodcut.><. 1857, 8vo. 5.y.

List of the Shells of the Canaries in the Collection of the British
Museum, eoDected by IVIM. Webb and Berthelot. Described
and figured by Prof. Alcide D'Orbigny in the " Histoire
IN^aturelle des lies Canaries." Pp. 32. 1854, 12mo. Is.

List of the Shells of Cuba in the Collection of the British Museum,
collected by IVI. Bamon de la Sagra. Described by Prof. Alcide
d'Orbigny in the " Histoire de I'lle de Cuba." Pp. 48. 1854,
12mo. Is.

List of the Shells of South America in the Collection of the British
^Museum. Collected and described by M. Alcide D'Orbigny in
the " Voyage dans rAmeritjue Meridionale," Pp. S9. 1854,
l2iao. 2s.

Catalogue of the Collection of Mazatlau Shells in the British
Museum, collected by Frederick Beigen. Described by Philip
P. Carpenter. Pp. xvi., 552. 1857, 12ino. 8s.

List of Mollusca and Shells in the Collection of the British
Museum, collected and described by MM. Eydoux and Souleyct
in the "Voyage autour du Monde, execute pendant les annees
" 1836 et'l837, sur la Corvette 'La Bonitc,'" and iu the
" Histoire naturelle des MoUustiues Pteropoiles," Par MM.
P. C. A. L. Hang et Souleyet. Pp. iv., 27. 1S55, l2mo Sd.

8 LIST OF PUBIJCATIONS OF THE

Catalogue of the Phaueropneuiuona, or Terrestrial Operculated
Mollusca, in the Collection of the British Museum, By Dr. L.
Pfeiffer. Pp. 324. [With an . Alphabetical Index.] 1852,
l2mo. 5s.
Nomenclature of Molluscous Animals and Shells in the Collection
of the British Museum. Part T. Cyclophoridae. Pp. 69. [With
an Index.] 1850, l2mo. 1*. 6d.
Catalogue of Pulmonata, or Air Breathing Mollusca, in the Col-
lection of the British Museum. Parti. By Dr. Louis Pfeitfcr.
Pp. iv., 192. Woodcuts. 1855, l2mo. 2s. 6d.
Catalogue of the Auriculidae, Proserpinidae, and Truncatellidaj in
the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. Louis PfeifEer.
Pp. iv., 150. Woodcuts. 1857, 12mo. 1*. 9d.
List of the Mollusca in the Collection of the British Museum. By
John Edward Gray, Ph.D., F.R.S., &c.

Part I. Volutid£e. Pp. 23. 1855, 12mo. 6d.
PartlL Olivida;. Pp.41. 1865, 12mo. 1*.
Catalogue of the Conchifera, or Bivalve Shells, in the Collection
of the British Museum. By M. Deshayes : —

Part I. Venerida3, Cyprinida^, Grlauconomida), and Petri-

coladai. Pp. iv., 216. 1853, ]2mo. S*.
Part II. Petricoladae (concluded) ; Corbiculadaj. Pp.
217-292. [With an Alphabetical Index to the two
parts.] 1854, 12mo. 6d.

BRACHIOPODA.

Catalogue of Brachiopoda Ancylopoda or Lamp Shells in the
Collection of the British Museum. [Issued as " Catalogue of
the Mollusca, Part IV."] Pp. iv., 128. 25 Woodcuts. [With
an Alphabetical Index.] 1853, 12mo. 3*.

POLYZOA.

Catalogue of Marine Polyzoa in the Collection of the British
Museum. Part III. Cyclostomata. By George Busk, F.R.S.
Pp. viii., 39. 38 Plates. [With a Systematic Index.] 1875,
8vo. 5s.

CRUSTACEA.

Catalogue of Crustacea in the Collection of the British Museum.

Part I. Leucosiadai. By Thomas Bell, V.P.R.S., Pres. L.S.,

&c. Pp. iv., 24. 1855, 8vo. 6c?.
Catalogue of the Specimens of Amphipodous Crustacea in the

Collection of the British Museum. By C. Spence Bate, F.R.S.,

.«cc. Pn. iv.. 399. 5S Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.]

1862, 8vo. 11. OS.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). f)

ARACHNTDA.

Descriptive Catalugue of the Spiders of BiirniJi, based upon the
Collection made by Euj^ene W. Oates and preserved in llie
British Museum. By T. Thorell. Pp. xxxvi., 4()(>. [With
Systematic List and Alphabetical Index.] LSOo, 8vo. lO*-. (jd.

MYRIOFODA.

Catalogue of the Myriapoda in the Collection of the British
Musum. By George Newport, F.R.S., P.E.S., &c. Part T.
C/hilopoda. Pp. iv., 96. [With an Alphabetical Index.]
lSo6, 12mo. l.v. 9^/.

INSECTS.

Coleopterous Insects.

Nomenclature of Coleopterous Insects in the Collection of the
British Museum : —

Part IV. Clerida3. By Adam White. Pp. 68. [With

Index.] 1849, l2mo. l.s-. Sd.
Part y. Cucujidai, &c. By Frederick Smith. [Also issued
as "List of the Coleopterous Insects. Part I."] Pp. 25.
1851, 12mo. G<f.
Part VI. Passalida^. By Frederick Smith. Pp. iv., 23.

1 Plate [With Index.] 1852, 12mo. 8(7.
Part VII. Longicornia, I. By Adam While. Pp. iv., 174.

4 Plates. 1853, 12mo. 2s. 6d.
Part VIII. Longicornia, II. By Adam White. Pp. 237.

6 Plates. 1855, 12mo. 3s. 6d.
Part IX. Cassididai. By Charles H. Boheman, Professor of
Natural History, Stockholm. Pp. 225. [With Index.]
1856, 12mo. '3s.
Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Coleoptera in the Collection
of the British Museum. Part I. Lycid*. By Charles Owen
Waterhouse. Pp. x., 83. 18 coloured Plates. [With Syste-
matic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1879, 8vo. 16*.
Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of Madeira in the Collection
of the British Museum. By T. Vernon Wollaston, M. A., F.L.S.
Pp. xvi., 234 : 1 Plate. [With a Topographical CaUilogue and
an Alphabetical Index.] 1857, 8vo. 3*.
Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of the Canaries in the Collec-
tion of the British Museum. By T. Vernon Wollaston, M.A.,
F.L.S. Pp. xiii., 648. [With Topographical and Alphabi'tical
Indexes.] 1864, 8vo. lOs. 6d.
Catalogue of Halticidte in the Collection of the British Museum.
By the Rev. Hamlet Clark, M.A., F.L.S. Physapodes and
(Edipodes. Part I. Pp. xii., 301. Frontispiece and 9 Plates
1860, 8vo. 7a-.

10 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

Catalogue of Hispid^ in the Collection of the British Museum.
By Joseph S. Baly, M.E.S., &c. Part I. Pp. x., 172. 9
Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1858, 8vo. 6s.

Hymenopterous Insects.

List of the Specimens of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection
of the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S. : —

Part II. Chalciditos. Additional Species. Appendix.
Pp. iv., 99-237. 1848, 12mo. 26'.
Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the
British Museum. By Frederick Smith. 12mo. : —

Part I. Andrenida? and Apida'. Pp.197. 6 Plates. 1853,

2s. 6d.
Part II. Apidae. Pp. 199-465. 6 Plates. [With an

Alphabetical Index.] 1854, 6^.
Part III. Mutillida3 and Pompilida?. Pp. 20G. 6 Plates.

1855,65.
Part IV. Sphegidffi, Larridas, and Crabronida3. Pp. 207-
497. 6 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1856,
6*.
Part V. Vespidai. Pp. 147. 6 Plates. [With an Alpha-
betical Index.] 1857, 6s.
Part VI. Formicidai. Pp. 216. 14 Plates. [With an

Alphabetical Index.] 1858, 6*.
Part VII. Durylida? and Thynnidai. Pp. 76. 3 Plates.
[With an Alphabetical Index.] 1859, 2*.
Descriptions of New Species of Hymenojitera in the Collection
of the British Museum. By Frederick Smith. Pp. xxi., 240.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1879, 8vo. 10*.
List of Hymenoptera, with descriptions and figures of the Typical
Specimens in the British Museum. Vol. I., Tenthredinida^ and
Siricida3. By W. F. Kirby. Pp. xxviii., 450. 16 Coloured
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1882,
8vo. 1/. 18*.

Dipterous Insects.

List of the Specimens of Dipterous Insects in the Collection of
the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S. 12mo. : —
Part IV. Pp. 689-1172. [With an Index to the four parts,

and an Index of Donors.] 1849. 6s.
Part VII. Supplement III. Asilida?. Pp. ii., 507-775.
1855. 3.S-. 6d.

Lepidopterous Insects.

Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in
the Collection of the British Museum : — •

Part III. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xviii., 82.
41-60 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic Index.]
1879,4to. 2/. 10*.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), 11

Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Hcterocera
— continned.
Part V. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xii., 74.
78-100 Coloured Plates. [With a Systenoatic Index.]
1881, 4to. 2/. 105.
Part VI. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xv., 89,
101-120 Coloured Plates, [With a Systematic Index.]
188G, 4to. 2/. 4*.
Part Vil, By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. iv., 124.
121-i;}8 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic List.]
1889, 4to. 21.
Part VIII. The Lepidoptera Heterocera of the Nilgiri
District. By George Francis Hampsou, Pp. iv., 144.
139-156 C'Oloured Plates. [With a Systematic List.]
1891, 4to, 2/.
Part IX, The Macrolepidoptera Heterocera of Ceylon. By
George Frauds Hampson. Pp. v., 182. 157-17(5.
Coloured Plates, [With a General Systematic List of
Species collected in, or recorded from, Ccvlon.] 1893,
4to, 21. 2.S-.
Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera of the family Satyridas in the
Collection of the British Museum, By Arthur Gardiner Butler,
F,L.S„ &c. Pp. vi., 211. 5 Plate«. [With an Alphabetical
Index.] 1 868, 8vo. 5s. Gd.

Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera described by Fabricius in the
Collection of the; British Museum, By Arthur Gardiner Butler,
F.L.S., &c. Pp. iv., 303. 3 Plates, 1 869, 8vo. 7.9, 6rf.
Specimen of a Catalogne of Lyca»uid;e in the British Museum, By
W. C. Hewitson. Pp. 15, 8 Coloured Plates, 1862, 4to, 1/. \s.
List of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British
Museum. Part I. Papilionidae. By G. E. Gray, F.L.S.
Pp. 106. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1856, 12mo. 2s.
List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection
of the British Museum, By Francis Walker, 12mo. : —

Part VI, Lepidoptera Heterocera. Pp. 1258-1507. 1855,

35. Qd.
Part X. Noctuidse. Pp, 253-491. 1856, 3^. 6d.

Part XII, Pp, 765-982. 1857, 3s. 6rZ,

Part XIII. Pp. 983-1236. 1857, 3^. (5d.

Part XIV. Pp. 1237-1519. 1858, 4*. 6r/.

Part XV, Pp. 1520-1888. [With an Alpha-
betical Index to Parts IX.-XV.] 1858, 4*. Qd.
Part XVI, Deltoides, Pp. 253, 1858, 3.y, Qd.
Part XIX, Pyralides. Pp. 799-1036. [With an Alpha-
betical Index to Parts XVI.-XIX,] 1859, 3*, 6d.
Part XXI. Geometrites. Pp. 277-498. I860, 3.?.

Part XXII. Pp. 499-755. 1861, 3,v. i5d.

PartXXTir, Pp. 756-1020. 1861, .3.v, 6r7.

12 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

List of Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects — continued.

Part XXIV. Pp. 1021-1280. 1862, 3a. 6rZ.

Part XXV. Pp. 1281-1477. 1862, 3.y.

Part XXVI. Pp. 1478-1796. [With an

Alphabetical Index to Parts XX.-XXVL] 1862, 4*. Qd.

Part XXVII. Crambites and Tortricites. Pp. 1-286.
1863, 45'.

Part XXVIII. Tortricites and Tineites. Pp. 287-561.
1863, 4*.

Part XXIX. Tineites. Pp. 562-835. 1864, 4*.

Part XXX. Pp. 836-1096. [With an Alpha-
betical Index to Parts XXVII.-XXX.] 1864, 4.y.

Part XXXI. Supplement. Pp. 1-321. 1864, 6s.

Part XXXII. Part 2. Pp. 322-706.1865,

5s.

Part XXXIII. Part 3. Pp. 707-1120. 1865,

Qs.

Part XXXIV. Part 4. Pp. 1121-1533. 1865,

OS. 6d.

Part XXXV. Part 5. Pp. 1534-2040. [With

an Alphabetical Index to Parts XXXI.-XXXV.] 1866,
7*.

Neuropterons Insects.

Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collec-
tion of the British Museum. By Francis Walker. 12mo. : —
Part I. Phryganides— Perlides. Pp. iv., 192. 1852, 2s. 6d.
Part II. Sialidse— Nemopterides. Pp. ii., 193-476. 1853,

3*. 6d.
Part III. Termitidse — Ephemeridse. Pp. ii., 477-585. 1853,
1*. 6d.
Cahdogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous In.sects in the Col-
lection of the British Museum. By Dr. H. Hagen. Part I.
Termitina. Pp. 34. 1858, 12mo. 6d.

Orthopterous Insects.

Catalogue of Orthopterous Insects in the Collection of the British
Museum. Part I. Phasmidas. By John Obadiah Westwood,
F.L.S., &c. Pp. 195. 48 Plates. [With an Alphabetical
Index.] 1859, 4to. 3/.

Catalogue of the Specimens of Blattariaj in the Collection of the
British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S., &c. Pp. 239.
[With an Alphabetical Index.] 1868, 8vo. 5s. Gd.

Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria [Part I.]
and Supplement to the Blattarise in tlie Collection of the British
Museum. Gryllidae. Blattarias. Locustidaj. By Francis
Walker, F.L.S., &c. Pp. 224. [With an Alphabeticallndex.]
1869, o-vo. OS.

BKITISH MUSEUM (NATUUAI. IIISTCHIY). 13

Cataloguo of the Specimens of Dcrmaptera Saltatoria in the
Collection of the British Museinn. By Francis Walker,
F.L.S., Ac-
Part II. Locustid;« (continued). Pp. 225-423. [With an

Alphal)etical Index.] 1869, 8vo. 4.y. Gd.
Part III. Loeustidie (continued). — Acridida?. Pp. 42o-G04.

[With an Alphabetical Index.] 1S70, Svo. 4.v.
Part IV. AcrididtB (continued). Pp. 60o-8{)9. [With an

Alphabetical Index.] 1870, 8vo. 6s.
Part V. TettigidiB. — Supplement to the Catalogue of Blat^
tarife. — Supplement to the Catiilogue of Dcrmaptera
Saltatoria (with remarks on the Circosraphical Distribution
of Dcrmaptera). Pp. 811-8.50 ; 4.3 f I IG. [With Alpha-
betical Indexes.] 1870, Svo. 6.s'.

Hemipterous Insects.

List of the Specimens of Hemipterous Insects in the Collection of
the British Museum. By W. S. Dallas, F.L.S. Part II. Pp.
369-590. Plates 12-15. 1852, 12mo. 4*.
Catalogue of the Specimens of Heteropterous Heraiptera in the
Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S.,
&c. Svo. :—

Part I. Scutata. Pp. 240. 1867. 5,v.
Part II. Scutata (continued). Pp. 241-417. 1867. 4.v.
Part III. Pp. 418-599. [With an Alphabetical Index to
Parts I., II., III., and a Summary
Distribution of the Species mentioned.]
Part IV. Pp.211. [Alphabetical Index.]

of Geogra

phical

1808.

4.V.

Gd.

1871.

6.V.

1872.

5.9.

1873.

5s.

1873.

6s.

1873.

Gs.

Gd.

Part V. Pp. 202.
Part VI. Pp. 210.
Part VII. Pp.213.
Part VIII. Pp. 220.

Homopterous Insects.
List of the Specimens of Homopterous Insects in the Collection of
the British Museum. By Francis Walker. Suppleinenf. Pp.
ii., 369. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1858, 12mo. As. 6d.

VERMES.

Catalogue of the Species of Entozoa, or Intestinal Worms, con-
tained in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. Baird,
Pp. IV., 132. 2 Plates. [With an Index of the Animals in
whieh the Entozoa mentioned in the Catalogue an^ found ; and
an Index of Genera and Species.] 1853, 12mo. 2s.

ANTHOZOA.

Catalogue of Sea-pens or Pennatulariida^ in the Collection of the
British Museum. By .1. E. Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. iv., 40.
2 Woodcuts. 1870, Svo. l.v. 6d.

14- LIST OF Publications of thk

Catalogue of Lithophytes or Stony Corals iu the Collection of the
British Museum. By J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. iv., 51.
14 Woodcuts. 1870, 8vo. 3*. .
Catalogue of the Madreporariaii Corals in the British Museum
(Natural Ilistorj) : —

Vol.1. The Genus Madrepora. By George Biook, Pp. xi.,
212. 35 Collotype Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha-
betical Indexes and Explanation of the Plates.] 1893,
4to. 1/. 4*.
Vol. II. The Genus Turbinaria, the Genus Astraeopora.
By Henry M. Bernard, M.A. Cantab., F.L.S., F.Z.S.
Pp. iv., 106. 30 Collotype and 3 Lithographic Plates.
[With Index of Generic and Specific Names and
Explanation of the Plates.] 1896, 4to. IBs.

BRITISH ANIMALS.

Catalogue of British Birds in the Collection of the British
Museum. By George Robert Gray, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. Pp.
xii., 248. [With a List of Species.] 1863, 8vo. 3s. 6d.
Catalogue of British Hymeuoptera in the Collection of the British
Museum. Second edition. Part I. Andrenidje and Apida^
By Frederick Smith, M.E.S. New Issue. Pp. xi., 236. 11
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1891,
8vo. 6*.
Catalogue of British Fossorial Hymeuoptera, Formicidse, and
Vespidse in the Collection of the British Museum. By Frederick
Smith, V.P.E.S. Pp.236. 6 Plates. [With an Alphabetical
Index.] 1858, 12mo. 6*-.
A Catalogue of the British Non-parasitical Worms iu the Collec-
tion of the British Museum. By George Johnston, M.D., Edin.,
F.R.C.L. Ed., Ll.D. Marischal Coll. Aberdeen, &c. Pp. 365.
Woodcuts and 24 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.]
1865, 8vo. 7*.
Catalogue of the British Echinoderms in the British Museum
(Natural Hi.story). By F. Jeffrey Bell, M.A. Pp. xvii., 202.
Woodcuts and 16 Plates (2 coloured). [With Table of Con-
tents, Tables of Distribution, Alphabetical Index, Description
of the Plates, &c.] 1892, 8vo. 12*. 6d.
List of the Specimens of British Animals in the Collection of the
British Museum; with Synonyma and References to figures.
12mo. :—

Part IV. Crustacea. By A. White. Pp. iv., 141. (With

an Index.) 1850, 2s. 6d.
Part V. Lepidoptera. By J. F. Stephens. 2nd Edition.
Revised by H. T. Siainton and E. Shepherd. Pp. iv., 224.
1856, Is. 9d.
Part VI. Hymeuoptera. By F. Smith. Pp. 134. 1851,
2*.

13UIT1S11 MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTOUV). 15

List of the Specimens of British Animals — cuntiiiucd.

Part VII. Mollusca, Acephala, and Braohiopoda. By Dr

J. E. Gray. Pp. iv., 1G7. 1851, 3.s-. 6d.
Part VIII. Fish. By Adam AVhite. Pp. xxiii., IGl.

(With Index and List of Donors.) 1851, 3a'. Qd.
Part IX. EgffS of British Birds. By George Kobert Gray.

Pp. 143. 1852, 2s. Q'J.
Part XI. Anoplura or Parasitic Insects. By H. Denny.

Pp. iv., 51. 1852, \s.
Part XII. Lepidoptera (continued.) By James F. Stephens.

Pp. iv., 54. 1852, 9d.
Part XIII. Nomenclature of Hymenoptera. By Frederick

Smith. Pp. iv., 74. 1853, 1*. 4fZ.
Part XIV. Nomenclature of Neuroptera. By Adam White.

Pp. iv., 16. 1853, Qd.
Part XV. Nomenclature of Dipteia, I. By Adam White.

Pp. iv., 42. 1853, U.
Part XVI. Lepidoptera (completed). By H. T. Stainton.

Pp.199. [With an Index.] 1854,3*.
Part XVII. Nomenclature of Anoplura, Euplexoptcra, and

Orthoptera. By Adam White. Pp. iv., 17. 1855, Q>d.

PLANTS.

A Monograph of Lichens found in Britain : being a Descriptive
Catalogue of the Species in the Herbarium of the British
Museum. By the Rev. James M. Crombie, M.A., F.L.S.,
F.G.S., &c. Part I. Pp. viii., 519: 74 Woodcuts. [With
Glossary, Synopsis, Tabular Conspectus, and Index.] 1894, 8vo.
16*.

A Monograph of the Mycetozoa s being a Descriptive Catalogue
of the Species in the Herbarium of the British Museum. By
Arthur Lister, F.L.S. Pp. 224. 78 Plates and 51 Woodcuts.
[With Synopsis of Genera and List of Species, and Index.]
1894, 8vo. 15*.

List of British Diatomaceaain the Collection of the British Museum.
By the Kev. W. Smith, F.L.S., &c. Pp. iv., 55. 1859, 12mo. 1*.

FOSSILS.

Catalogue of the Fossil Mammalia in the British Museum (Natural
History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A., F.G.S. :—

Part I. Containing the Orders Primates, Chiroptera, Insec-
tivoi'a, Carnivora, and Rodentia. Pp. xxx., 2G8. 33
Woodcuts. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.]
1885, Svo. OS.

Part II. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborder Artio-
dactyla. Pp. xxii., 324. 39 Woodcuts. [With Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, 8vo. G*.

Part III. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborders Peris-
sodactyla, Toxodontiu, Condylarthra, and Amblypoda. Pp.

16 LIST OP PUBLICATIONS OF THE

Catalogue of the Fossil Mainraalia — continued.

xvi., 186. 30 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and
Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, includino^
Synonyms.] 1886, 8vo. 4.?.
Part IV. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborder Probos-
cidea. Pp. xxiv., 235. 32 Woodcuts. [With Systematic
Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species,
including Synonyms.] 1886, 8vo. 5s.
Part V. Containing the Group Tillodontin, the Orders Si-
renia, Cetacea, Edentata, Mursupialia, Monotremata, and
Supplement. Pp. xxxv., 345. 55 Woodcuts. [With
Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and
Species, including Synonyms.] 1887, 8vo. 6*.
Catalogue of the Fossil Birds in the British Museum (Natural
History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A. Pp. xxvii., 368. 75
Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of
Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1891, 8vo. 10s. Qd.
Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British
Museum (Natural History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A.,
F.G.S.: —

Part I. Containing the Orders Ornithosauria, Crocodilia,
Dinosauria, Squamata, Rhynchocephalia, and Protei'osaui-ia.
Pp. xxviii.,309. 69 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index,
and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including
Synonyms.] 1888, 8vo. 7*. 6d.
Part II. Containing the Orders Ichthyopterygia and Sau-
ropterygia. Pp. xxi., 307. 85 Woodcuts. [With Syste-
matic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and
Species, including Synonyms.] 1889, 8vo. 7s. Qd.
Part III. Containing the Order Chelonia. Pp. xviii., 239.
53 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical
Index of Genei-a and Species, including Synonyms.] 1889,
8vo. 7*. Qd.
Part IV. Containing the Orders Anomodontia, Ecaudata,
Caudata, and Labyrinth odontia ; and Supplement. Pp.
xxiii., 295. 66 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index,
Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including
Synonyms, and Alphabetical index of Genera and Species
to the entire work.] 1890, 8vo. Is. 6rf.
Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural
History). By Arthur Smith Woodward, F.G.S., F.Z.S. : —
Part I. Containing the Elasmobrauchii. Pp, xlvii., 474. 13
Woodcuts and 17 Plates. [With Alphabetical Index, and
Systematic Index of Genera and Species.] 1889, 8vo. 2\s.
Pai't 11. Containing the Elasmobran(;hii (Acanthodii), Holo-
cephali, Ichthyodorulites, Ostracodermi, Dipnoi, and Teleo-
stomi (Crossopterygii and Chondrostean Actinopterygii).
Pp. xliv., 567. 58 Woodcuts and 16 Plates. [With
Alphabetical Index, and Systematic Index of Genera and
Species.] 1891, 8vo. 21*.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). IT

Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes — continued.

Part III. Containing the Actinoptorygian Teleostomi of
the Orders Chundrostei (coucliuled), Frotunpondyliy
Aetheospondyli, and Isospondi/li (in part). Pp. xlii., 544,
45 Woodcuts and 18 Plates. [With Alphabetical Index,
and Systematic Index of Genera and Species.] 1895, 8vo
21*.

Systematic List of the Edwards Collection of British Oligocene and
Eocene Mullusca in the British Museum (Natural History),,
with references to the type-specimens from similar horizons
contained in other collections belonging to the Geological
Department of the Museum. By Richard BuUeu Newton,
F.G.S. Pp. xxviii., 365. [With table of Families and Genera,
Bibliography, Correlation-table, Appendix, and Alphabetical
Index.] 1891, 8vo. 6s.

Catalogue of the Fossil Cephalopoda in the British Museum
(Natural History). By Arthur H. Foord, F.G.S. :—

Part I. Containing part of the Suborder Nautiloidea, con-
sisting of the families Orthoceratida?, Endoceratida>, Actino-
ceratidas, Goniphoceratidas, Ascoceratidae, Poterioceratidse,
Cyrtoceratida>, and Supplement. Pp. xxxi., 344. 51
Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical
Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.]
1888, 8vo. 10*. 6d.

Part II. Containing the remainder of the Sul>order Nauti-
loidea, consisting of the families Lituitidte, Trochoceratidse,
Nautilidap, and Supplement. Pp. xxviii., 407, 86 Wood-
cuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index
of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1891, 8vo. 15*.

A Catalogue of British Fossil Crustacea, with their Synonyms and
the Range in Time of each Genus and Order. By Henry-
Woodward, F.R.S. Pp. xii., 155. [With an Alphabetical
Index.] 1877, 8vo. 5*.

Catalogue of the Blastoidea in the Geological Department of the
Brirish Museum (Natural History), with an account of the
morphology and systematic position of the group, and a revision
of the genera and species. By Robert Etheridge, jun., of the
Department of Geology, British Museum (Natural History),
and P. Herbert Carpenter, D.Sc,, F.R.S., F.L.S. (of Eton
College), [^^■ith Preface by Dr. H. Woodward. Table of
Contents, General Index, Explanations of the Plates, ^ic] Pp
XV., 322. 20 Plates. 1886, 4 to. 255.

Catalogue of the Fossil Sponges in the Geological Department of
the British Museum (Natural History). With descriptions of
new and little known species. By George .Jennings Hinde,
Ph.D., F.G.S. Pp. viii., 248. 38 Plates. [With a Tabular
List of Species, arranged in Zoological and Stratigraphical
sequence, and an Alphabetical Index.] 1883, 4to. 1 1. lOs,
o 92057. D

18 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

Catalogue of the Fossil Foraminifera in the Britisli Museum
(Natural History). By Professor T. Rupert Jones. F.R.S.,
&c. Pp. xxiv., 100. [With Geographical and Alphabetical
■ Indexes.] 1882, Svo. 5s.

Catalogue of the Palceozoic Plants in the Department of Geology
and Pala3ontology, British Museum (Natural History). By
Robert Kidstou, F.G.S. Pp. viii., 288. [With a list of works
quoted, and an Index.] 1886, Svo. 5s.
Catalogue of the Mesozoic Plants in the Department of Geology,
British Museum (Natural History). The Wealden Flora.
By A. C. Seward, M.A., F.G.S., University Lecturer in
Botany, Cambridge : —

Part I. Thallophyta — Pteridophyta. Pp. xxxviii., 179 : 17
Woodcuts and 11 Plates. [With Preface byDr. Woodward,
Alphabetical Index of Genera, Species, &c., Explanations
of the Plates, &c.] 1894, Svo. 10*.
Part II. Gymnospermae. Pp. viii., 259. 9 Woodcuts and
20 Plates. [With Alphabetical Index, Explanations of the
Plates, &c.] 1895, Svo. 15*.

GUIDE-BOOKS.
{To be obtained only at the Museum.)

A General Guide to the British Museum (Natural History),
Cromwell Road, London, S.W. [By W. H. Flower.] With 2
Plans, 2 views of the building, and an illustrated cover. Pp. 80.
1895, Svo. 3rf.

Guide to the Galleries of Mammalia (Mammalian, Osteological,
Cetacean) in the Department of Zoology of the British Museum
(Natural History). [By A. Giinther.] 5th Edition. Pp.126.
57 Vy^oodcuts and 2 Plans. Index. 1894, Svo. 6d.

Guide to the Galleries of Reptiles and Fishes in the Department of
Zoology of the British Museum (Natural History). [By A.
Giinther.] 3rd Edition. Pp. iv., 119. 101 Woodcuts and 1
Plan. Index. 1893, Svo. Gd.

Guide to the Shell and Starfish Galleries (Mollusca, Echinoder-
mata, Vermes), in the Department of Zoology of the British
INIuseum (Natural History). [By A. Giinther.] 2nd Edition.
Pp. iv., 74. 51 Woodcuts and 1 Plan. 1888, Svo. Ad.

A Guide to the Fossil Mammals and Birds in the Department of
Geology and Palaeontology in the British Museum (Natural
History). Seventh Edition. [By Henry Woodward.] Pp. xii.,
103. 116 Woodcuts. [With List of Illustrations, Table of
Stratified Rocks, and Index.] 1896, Svo. Qd.

A Guide to the Fossil Reptiles and Fishes in the Department of
Geology and Palaeontology in the British Museum (Natural
History). [By Henry Woodward.] Pp. xi v., 129 : 165 Wood-
cuts. [With List of Illustrations, Table of Stratified Rocks,
and Index.] 1896, Svo. Qd.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), 19

Gniile to Sowerby's Models of British Fungi in the Department of
Botany, British Museum (Natural History). By Worthington
G. Smith, F.L.S. Pi). 82. 93 Woodcuts. With Taijle of
Diagnostic Characters and Index. 1893, 8vo. 4d.

Guide to the British Mycetozoa exhibited in tlio Department of
Botany, British Museum (Natural History). By Arthur Lister,
F.L.S. Pp. 42. 44 AVoodcuts. Index. 1895, 8vo. 3d.

A Guide to the Mineral Gallerv of the British Museum (Natural
History). [By L. Fletcher.] Pp 32. Plan. 1895, 8vo. Id.

The Student's Index to the Collection of Minerals, British Museum
(Natural History), [New Edition.] Pp. .33. With a Plan of
the Mineral Gallery. 1895, 8vo. 2d.

An Introduction to rlie Study of Minerals, with a Guide to the
Mineral Gallery of the British Museum (Natural History),
By L. Fletcher, M.A., F.R.S. Pp. 123. With numerous
Diagrams, a Plan of the Mineral Gallery, and an Index.
1895, 8vo. 6d.

An Introduction to the Study of Rocks. By L. Fletcher, M.A.,
F.R.S. Pp. 118. [With plan of the Mineral Gallery, table
of Contents, and Index.] 189(5, 8vo. 6d.

An Introduction to the Study of Meteorites, with a List of the
Meteorites represented in tlie Collection. [By L. Fletcher.]
Pp. 94. [With a Plan of the Mineral Gallery, and an Index to
the Meteorites represented in the Collection.] Itt94, 8vo. 6(L

British Museum

(Natural History),
Cromwell Road,
London, S.W.

■June 1st, 189G,

W. H. FLOWER,
Director.