CATALOGUE
OF
WELWITSCH'S
AFRICAN PLANTS,
Vol 1 1. -part i.
SIIjF i. 1. ItU iCtbrarg
5Jnrtb (Earoltna ^tatp (TnUpgp
B85
V.2
pt.l
'illiiiitiiiiiniii imi iiiii 1*1111 iini'i'iiiiiifr*!'"
S00784735 Y
This book is due on the date indicated below
and IS subject to a fine of FIVE CENTS a
day thereafter.
iTi-
"Jvi+iSh Kuteawi (Ka-^. Wis^.) I5epV 04 ^~\cxv^.
CATALOGUE
OP THE
AFEICAN PLANTS
COLLKCTED BY
DR. FRIEDRICH WELWITSCH
IN 1853-61.
VOLUME II. PART I.
MONCX^OTYLEDONS and GYMNOSPERMS.
ALFKED BARTON RENDLE, M.A.,
D.Sc, F.L.S.,
ASSISTANT, DETAKTMENT OF BOTANY.
LONDON:
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.
SOLD BY
LONGMANS & CO., 39 TATERNOSTER ROW ;
B. QUARITCH, 15 PICCADILLY; DULAU & CO., 37 SOHO SQUARE, W. ;
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO., CHARING CROSS ROAD ;
AND AT THE
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), CROMWELL ROAD, S.W.
1899.
[All v'Kjhts rcxfrvril.'\
Printed by Hazell, Watson, & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury.
MONOCOTYLEDONS.
I. HYDROCHARIDE^.
1. LAGAROSIPHON Harv. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.
.
3. A. alboviolaceum Ridl., I.e.; Diu-and & Schinz, I.e., p. 125.
PuNGo Andongo. — A herb 2 to 3 ft. high ; stem erect ; leaves in
two rows. Flowers whitish-violet, scentless. Very plentiful in
thickets and thin woods, in sandy and clay soil on the right of the river
Cuanza. In fl. Dec. 1856. No. 6453.
4. A. Danielli Hook. f. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 129(1852) ;
Ridl., I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 125.
Var. purpureum Hook, f.. I.e., vi. p. 294.
A. Danielli Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4764, non Hook, f., I.e., iv. p. 129.
Prince's Island.— Flowers scarlet. Shady places in the coast
region, plentiful round S. Antonio, rather rare in the mountains. In
leaf and fl. Sept. 1853. No. 6455. Flowers a splendid scarlet. Leafy
stems 4 to 5 ft. high. Sept. 1853. Coll. Caki'. 986.
Island OF St. Thomas. — In dense elevated woods. End of Dec. 1860.
Coll. Carp. 96. Flowers scarlet. Dec. 1860. Coll. Carp. 987.
5. A. erythrocarpum Ridl., I.e.
A. Danielli vnr. purpui^eiuii Durand A: Schinz, I.e., p. 125, non
Hook. f.
Island of St. Thomas.— Dec. 1860. No. 6449.
Amomum'l iv. scitamine^. 21
GoLUN'Go Alto. — Fruit very large, scarlet ; flowers not seen. In
primfEval wood near Banza, Sobato de Quilombo. Jan. and Feb. 1855.
No. 6451. A herb 5 to 12 ft. high, the whole plant aromatic ; leaves
shining, firm and leathery. Flowers a splendid yellow, helmet-shaped;
capsule as big as a pigeon's &gg, often even as big as a hen's, a splendid
scarlet. Plentiful near streams on the densely leafy mountain heights;
native name " Dongos." Sobati Quilombo and Queta. In fr. May, in
fi. Nov. and beginning of Dec. 1855. No. 6456. Flower golden. Dongos.
Matas de Alta Queta, May 1855. Coll. Carp. 984. Flowers in-
tensely yellow. Quilombo-Quiacatubia 1855. Coll. Cai:i>. IIIG.
Mata de Puxgo. — No. 6452.
Fruit twice as large and seeds four or five times as large as in the
specimens of .1. DanieUi var. jiurpureuin, in which it is placed by Durand
and Schinz, I.e., and from which it is also distinguished by its yellow
flowers.
The following numbers may belong here, but in the absence of
satisfactory material determination is impossible : —
Prince's Island. — Here and there in shady places growing with a
scarlet- flowered Amomum. A single leaf. Pico de Papagaio, Sept.
1853. No. 6450. Probably A. DanielU var. purjmreum.
Bari;.\ do Bexgo. — A tuberous herb, tuber scarcely aromatic. A
single specimen without flower in places once cultivated near S. Antonio
on the river Bengo ; afterwards sought in vain ; Dec. 1853. No. 6462.
Apparently near A. erythrocarpum Ridl., but repixsented only by a
single leaf, and probably a distinct species.
PuNGO Andongo. — A herb with a thick root, white straw-colour
within and only slightly aromatic, leaves pleasantly aromatic, the
narrowest of all the west tropical African Amomums. In woods,
Mangue. Without fl. or fr. Jan. 1857. No. 6461. Perhaps A. ^felegtieta
Rose.
PuNGO Andongo.— Damp meadows. Near Cuanza. March 1857.
A much damaged leaf and a feAV cylindrical roots ; perhaps a new
species. Coll. Carp. 985.
3. ZINGIBER Adans. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. G46.
1. Z. officinale Rose, in Trans. Linn. See. viii. p. 348 (1807) ;
Pddl. in Journ. Bot. 1887, p. 129 ; Durand & Scbinz, Consp. Fl.
Afr.v. p. 128.
GoLUNGO Alto. — Cultivated in some localities in the district.
Without fl. August 1855. No. 6463.
4. COSTUS L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 646.
1. C. afer Ker in Bot. Pteg. t. 683 (1823) ; PJdl. in Journ. Bot.
1887, p. 131 ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 128.
GoLUNGO Alto. — A herb usually 5 to 6 ft. high, stroboli as large as
the cones of Pinus niarit'nnn, flowers white, limb a pi'etty rose-purple ;
stems almost always somewhat nodding ; flower-scape occasionally
rising directly from the rhizome and leafless, but densely covered with
scales. Plentiful on river banks, hidden among huge grasses and
almost always growing with a species of Canna. Cambondo, 19 Sept.
22 IV. SCITAMINE^. [CostVS
1854. By streams between Trombeta and Cambondo, and more plen-
tiful by stream> near the Mongolo Mts. Sept. 1857. No. 6464.
2. C. giganteus Wehv. ex Ridl., I.e.; Durand & Schinz, I.e.,
p. 128.
Island of St. Thomas.— Root creeping, very thick, many-headed,
sending out fibres on all sides. Barren stems 4 to 5 ft. high, leaves
1 to 2 ft., oblong-lanceolate, shining green, glaucous-green beneath,
short-stalked, petiole long sheathing, sheaths closed, prolonged, and
ligulate above the petiole insertion. Flowering scapes very straight,
3 to () or more from the same root, G to 8 or even 10 ft. high, a
splendid green, clothed throughout with sheaths of the same colour,
but with a reddish margin, bearing a terminal strobiliform spike ^
to ^ ft. in diameter, and nearly i ft. long, bright polished scarlet.
Flowers bright yellow, half-exserted. Plentiful by streams in primi-
tive woods, 2000 to 2800 ft. high, on Monte Gaffe. Flowering from
Oct. to Feb. In fl. Dec. 1860. No. 6465.
5. RENEALMIA Linn, f .; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 648.
1. R. afrieana Benth. ex Hook. f. Icon. PI. 1430 (1883) ; Ridl. in
Journ. Bot. 1887, p. 132.
GoLUNGO Alto. — A herb with a thick branched rhizome. Leaves
almost membranous. Flower-spikes, or rather racemes, several,
rising erect from the rhizome, a foot high ; flowers laxly racemose,
flesh-straw-coloured, bracts whitish-straw-coloured, acuminate. Fruit a
many-seeded berry, obscurely trilocular. Rather plentiful in shady
primitive woods, Sobato de Quilomlio-Quiacatubia. In fl. and fr.
Jan. 1855. Leafy stems 4 to 5 ft. high. Fruit a dark cinnamon,
terminal tube orange-coloured ; seeds pleasantly aromatic, wrapped
in scarlet filaments. In fr., Mata de Quisuculo, April 185G. No.
6442. An aromatic herb 4 to 5 ft. high, leaves broadly oblong
shining, flower-spikes 1 to U span, white-ferruginous ; berries oblong
deep bluish, seeds enveloped among numerous fine wavy threads.
Quisuculo, April 1850. Coll. Carp. 991.
Tribe ii. MARANTE^.
6. THALIA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 650.
1. T. ccerulea Ridl. in Jonrn. Bot, 1887, p. 132; Durand k
Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 130.
PUNGO Andongo.— A herb with a fibrous root ; stem 5 to 7 ft. high.
Flowers blue, buds a glaucous violet-blue. Fruit a one-seeded berry.
A very beautiful plant. In ponds on the river Cuanza near the
Sobato X-bille. March 1857. No. 6444.
2. T. Welwitschii Ridl., I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 130.
Cazexgo. — A herb 3 to 4 ft. high, glaucous-green, with leafless
panicles and horizontal rhizome. Rather rare in wet places between
Cacula and Dalatanda. In fl. June 1885. No. 6443.
PuxGo AxDOXGo. — A herb 4 to 5 ft. high; bracts a subglaucous
violet, flowers purple. By marshes in the woods of Mutollo. March
1857. No. 6445.
Very near T. ijcnicniata L.
Boyiax] IV. scitamine.e. 23
7. DONAX Lour. Fl. Coch. Chin. i. p. 14.
Clino(j>/)iii Siilisb. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 651.
1. D. purpurea K. Sebum, in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xv. p. 440
(1893); Durancl & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 131.
Glinogyne purpurea Ricll. in Journ. Bot. 1887, p. 132. Maranta
discolor Welw. Synops. p. 43 (1862).
GoLUNGO Alto. — A herb with perennial root, with several stems
2 to 3 ft. high, erect, slender, clothed by the leaf-sheaths. Leaves h
to \h ft., ovate or oblong-ovate, the larger i to f ft. broad, glaucous-
green, and pinnately streaked with white above, with a white bloom
beneath, and a bi-oad green margin on one side. Flowers purple.
Berry globular, smooth, the size of a rather small pea, generally
2-seeded. Plentiful in primitive woods near rivers. In fl. and fr.
Jan. and March 1855. Leaves covered beneath with a snow-like
powder, except on the deep green edge of one side. Primitive
woods at 2500 to 2800 ft. Feb. 1855. Flowers azure to almost
blue-purple ; berry scarlet. Pi'imitive forest of Quisuculo. In fl.
and fr. March 185G. Xative names, "N-Subi," "Tinsubi," or "Subi
Capele." No. 6440.
Cazengo. — Herb 5 to 8 ft. high, lower surface of the leaves white.
By mountain streams. Jan. 1855. Coll. Carp. 992.
8. TRACHYPHRYNIUM Benth. in Benth. & Hook, f . Gen.
PI. iii. p. 651.
1. T. violaceum Ptidl. in Journ. Bot. 1887, p. 133 ; Durand &
Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 132.
PuxGO AxDONGO. — A shrubby lofty climber, ultimately pendent,
stems cylindrical, nodose, hard woody at the base, and | in. thick.
Flowers fugacious, violet to purple, or bluish. Fruit a depressed
triangular capsule, covered with bristly tubercles, 1 to Ih in. across,
containing three one-seeded loculi, dehiscing by valves. Seeds sub-
spherical, brown, the size of a hazel-nut. Leaves papery-rigidulous,
glaucous-green when alive, elliptic-ovate or oblong-ovate, with an
obtuse or subcordate base, and an acuminate or cuspidate apex, the
larger | ft. long, \ ft. broad. Somewhat rare in the primitive woods
of MutoUo at 2500 and 3000 ft., and on the presidium itself at
Barrancos de Catete and de Pedra Songue. In fl. Jan. in fr. April
1857. No. 6441. Primitive woods of Sobato Galanga, in fl. and fr.
Feb. 1855 ; and Quilombo-Quiacatubia. No. 6441/', and Coll. Carp.
990. Cungulungulo, Coll. Carp. 988, 989. Without further locality.
Coll. Carp. 994.
9. PHRYNIUM Willd. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 652.
1. P. textile Eidl. in Journ. Bot. 1887, p. 133.
Phyllodes textile Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 133.
GoLUXGO Alto. — A rather fine herb 5 to 6 ft. high ; stems erect,
hard, almost woody, petioles very long and rigid. Inflorescence red to
scarlet. Native name " Subigrande " ; (.sh6/ = a textile plant). Plentiful
near the rivers in the primitive woods of Quisuculo growing mixed
with another species also called " Subi " by the blacks. [Pre-
sumably CUnogijne jnopureu Ridl.] In scarcely op?ied fl. Sept. 1855.
No. 6439.
24 IV. sciTAMiNE.E, \Canna
Tribe hi. CAXNEjE.
10. CANNA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. G54.
1. C. orientalis Rose. Scit. t. 12 (1828); Baker in Gard. Chvon.
xiii. (1893), p. 43.
C. indica L. Sp. PI. (1753) 1 (pro parte) : Ptidl. in Journ. Bot.
1887, p. 134 ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 134.
GoLUNGO Alto. — Flowers deep scarlet; a herb 5 to 6 ft. with
leaves deep green, shining above, not glaucous. Plentiful in reedy
places near streams, and in damp shady woods, almost always growing
with a species of Costtts. Banks of river Cuango, Oct. 18.04, and in
fr. March 1855. Quilombo, July 1856. Banks of Camballa, March
1855. No. 6448. Plentiful on the presidium near streams, even
forming thick handsome little woods 5 to 7 ft. high. In fl. March
1857. No. 6448/>. An extremely social Cu/in((, ubiquitous in damp
places, stem 4 to 8 ft. high, flower scarlet. Sange ; wooded places on
the river Coango. June 1857. Coll. Carp. 993.
Tribe iv. MUSEyE.
11. MUSA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 655.
1. M. sapientum L. Syst. ed. x. p. 1303 (1759).
Var. sanguinea Welw. ex Eidl. in Journ. Bot. 1887, p. 134;
Baker in Annals of Botany vii. p. 212 (1893) ; Dnrand & Schinz,
Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 136.
GoLUNGO Alto. — Stem 5 to 8 ft. high, 3 to 4 in. in diam., cylindrical,
lurid green, variegated all over especially at the base with blood-red
marks and streaks. Leaves oblong-linear, 4 to 6 ft. long, ^ to 1 ft.
broad, apex subobtuse mucronate, a deep blood-red above, pale purplish
beneath with a whitish bloom, midrib greenish. Flowers not seen. A
fine plant, cultivated in gardens and round Mandioca fields near Sange,
plentiful at Ponte de Luiz Simoes, where leaves were picked April ] 856.
Resembles on the whole the cultivated Jf.jiarw^/siaca, but is somewhat
smaller in all its dimensions. In April 1856 several large Mandioca
fields were seen near Ponte de Luiz Simoes, enclosed with this magnifi-
cent plant : all the individuals were however barren. The fruits were
said to have the same deep purple colour. Nobody knew where the
plant came from : those at Golungo Alto were introduced from
Cazengo. No. 6446.
Cazexgo. — Called by the Portuguese Banaveira roxn. Stem, leaves
and fruit tinged with a deep blood-purple colour ; leaves glaucous-
purplish beneath. Cultivated in rather damp places round houses. In
leaf June 1855. No. 6446/v.
2. M. ventricosa Welw. Apont. p. 545 and p. 587 No. 45 (1859);
Ridl., I.e.; Baker, I.e., p. 206; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 136.
PuNGO Andongo.— Plant 8 to 10 ft. high, bulb 4 ft. in diameter.
Flowers polygamo-dioecious ; lip entire not trifid. Leaf-stalks swollen
and spongy at the base, in the adult plant \h and even 3 ft. broad,
2h in. thick, gradually narrowed upwards and thinner, and thus form-
ing the bulbous base of the trunk. Bracts persistent, enveloping the
fruit. Rather plentiful in domp rocky places on the praesidium, rarely
fruiting. In flower, fruit and leaf May 1857, seen in flower as early as
Jlusa] IV. SCITAMINE.E. 25
Jan. 1857. No. 6447- Under the gigantic spike are 5 to 6 lanceolate
sterile bracts. The leaves are generally more linear-elliptic than
in Jf. >iiipifHtuiii, also much thicker and stiffer, and with much
thicker whitish rose-coloured middle nerves : they also stand more
erect on the stem and are not so easily split into many lacinise as
those of the cultivated }rusa. The stem is more or less ventricose
a little above-ground in all older specimens. It is the Adansonia of
Scitamineii3. Fruit almost entirely filled with black seeds mixed with
a very little pulp and by no means edible. In damp rocky places,
especially by streams and cataracts near Pungo Andongo. Coll,
Cakp. 995.
A specimen consisting only of leaves probably belongs to this order.
No. 7228. No information.
V. BROMELIACE^.
1. ANANAS Adans. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 662.
1. A. sativusScbult.f.inEoem.&Scliult.Syst.vii. p. 1283(1830);
Eaker Handb. Bromel. p. 22 ; Mez in DC. Mon. Phan. ix. p. 164.
GoLUNGO Alto. — A perennial herb with a monocarpic stem ; leaves
4 to 6 ft., curved and spreading with a spiny margin, and affording
very tough textile fibres. Spontaneous but not indigenous, and plenti-
ful in woods and secondary thickets ; also plentifully cultivated every-
Avhere for its fruit. Sange ; Aug. 1856. No. 4007. See Apont. p. 544.
yi. H^MODORACE^.
1. SANSEVIERIA Thunb. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.
p. 679.
1. S. bracteata Baker in Trans. Linn. 8oc. ser. 2. i. p. 253 (1878).
IcoLO E Bex(;<) and Luanda. — A perennial acaulescent herb with
a very thick root or rather rhizome, horizontal or more or less obliquely
descending, hard and woody, white inside, orange-vermilion outside
leaves all radical, lanceolate, erect, very thick, very rigid, obtusely
canaliculate, glaucous, spotted with white and green, margin red,
cartilaginous ; scape erect, H to 2 ft., shortly racemose, apex comose,
flowers white. Plentiful almost everywhere from Quicuxe to Mutollo
and towards Funda, but very rarely flowering. In fl. beginning of
June 1854. No. 3760.
Puxco Andonc;o. — Leaves very rigid, green, white-spotted, red-
margined ; flowers white. In rather dry rocky lofty places of the
prsesidium, towards the south, but rarely flowering although not
unplentiful. In fl. Jan. 1857. No. 3751.
Very near aS'. longijlora Sims.
2. S. angolensis Welw. ex Hook, in Eep. Paris, Exhib. 1855
Pt. iii. p. 146 (1856).
>y, ci/lindrica Bojer Hort. Maur. (1837) 349 (nomen nudum) ;
Hook.^Bot. Mag. t. 5093 (1859); Baker in Journ, Linn, See,
xiv. p. 549 ; Durand & Schinz, Oonsp. Fl. Afr. v, p, 140.
LoANDA. — Native name " Ifi " ; used for making ropes. A perennial
herb with a thick woody root, and erect and runcif orm almost cylindrical
26 VI. H^MODORACE^. [Scnisevieria
leaves about 1 in. in diameter, becoming subulate-acuminate towards
the apex and almost hard and woody, densely fibrous, glaucous-green,
transversely white-spotted ; scapes radical, flowers in a dense long
raceme, white-reddish, very sweet-smelling. Very plentiful on sunny
hills, from Loanda to Cacuaco and elsewhere. In fl. March 1854.
No. 3749. 1 Dec. 1853, and Nov. 1858. Coll. Cari'. 140.
VII. IRIDE^.
1. MOR^A L. ; Benth & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 688.
1. M. gracilis Baker in Journ. Linn. See. xvi. p. 130 (1877)
(nomen), in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2. i. p. 272 (1878), Handb.
Irid. p- 51 ; Klatt in Durand & Schinz Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 150.
HuiLLA. — Flowers yellow, very fugacious. Plentiful in sandy
short thicket-grown pastures from Ferrao da Sola to Jnu and near
Lopollo. In fl. and fr. Dec. 1859 to end of March 1860. No. 1545.
2. M. textilis Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc, I.e. (nomen), in Trans.
Linn. Soc, I.e., p. 270, Handb. Irid. p. 52 ; Klatt, I.e., p. 153.
Iridopsis textilis Welw. ex Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e.
HuiLLA. — Habit of /r/s but distinguished by its almost 6-phyllous
perianth, with inner segments biauriculate at base and subpanduri-
form, and filaments connate in a long tube including the style.
Used for baskets and rope. Soboliferous ; 6 to 10 bulbs frequently
found closely united and all cauliferous. Stem 3 to 5 ft., erect,
cylindrical, lurid-purple, bearing a little above the base the single
leaf, and above acuminate subinfiated sheaths, similar to the flowering
spathes in form, green-purple colour, and subglaucous pruinose
character. Leaf linear, containing very strong fibres, far exceeding
the culm, 5 to 8 ft., laxly decumbent among the herbage. Culm
2- to 5-fiowered. Flowers of Iris jMlnstris, but larger, and a deeper
violet-blue, with a longer-stalked ovary. Perianth-tube very short
almost none, limbs spathulate, outer reflexed at the tip, and there
dark purple, broadly banded with orange towards the inner face
opposite the stamens : inner limbs violet with purple veins, a little
broader than the outer, erect. Plentiful in marshy places and damp
hillsides near the river of Lopollo, sometimes even in dry places.
In fl. April, in fr. May, 1860. No. 1549.
3. M. Welwitschii Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc, I.e. (nomen), in
Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e., Handb. Ii"id. p. 51 ; Klatt, I.e.
Iridopsis sp. Welw. ms. in Herb.
HuiLLA. — A plentiful herb in swampy places (inundated in the
rainy season), by streams near Lopollo. Exactly resembling certain
European Irises. Flowers blue-violet. October to December ; in fl.
Nov. 1859, in fr. Jan. 18G0. No. 1548. Dec 1859. Coll. Cai:t. 12.
4. M. spithamea Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc, I.e., p. 131 (nomen),
in Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e., p. 271, Handb. Irid. p. 55 ; Klatt, I.e.
HuiLLA. — Perianth-segments campanulately connivent, limb spread-
ing, yellow, marked inside with small black spots from the middle to
the base, tips erose-fimbriate, becoming inrolled when marcescent.
Stigmas Innately horned. Flowers fugacious. In sandy rather dry
thickets about Lopollo and Humpata. In fl. and fr. Oct. 1 859. No. 1547.
Ferraria'] vir. iride^e. 2T
2. FERRARIA L. ; Benth. k Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. G92.
1. F. Candelabrum.
llorcea Candelahrum Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc, xvi. p. 131
(nomen), in Trans. Linn. Soc, ser. 2 i. p. 271, Handb. Irid.
p. 54 ; Klatt in Durand & Schinz Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 148.
Huii.LA. — Rather rare among shrubs in rocky places, at 5200 ft. on
Morro de Lopollo. Flowers yellow. April 1860. No. 1544.
2. F. andongensis.
Morcea andongensis Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc, I.e. (nomen), in
Trans, Linn. Soc, I.e., Handb. Irid. p. 55 ; Klatt, I.e., p. 147.
PuNGO Andongo. — Bulbo-tuberous, tubers closely crowded, hard.
Flowers dull sulphur-coloured, almost of Ferraria. In damp short-
grassed wooded meadows along with Xyridece and Scleria at Mutollo
near Pedras de Guinga. In fl. Jan., in fr. March 1857. No. 1532.
3. F. glutinosa.
Jforcea glutinosa Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc, I.e. (nomen), in
Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e., Handb. Irid., I.e.; Klatt, I.e., p. 150.
HuiLLA. — Flowers darkish purple. Sporadic on hills covered with
short bush along with species of Clpmatis, T/nnea, etc., near Lopollo
(Ferrao da Sola). Feb. and April 1860. No. 1543.
4. F. Welwitschii Baker Handb. Irid. p. 74 ; Klatt, I.e., p. 157.
Angola. — Known only from a drawing now at Kew.
3. ARISTEA Ait. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 701.
1. A. angolensis Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvi. p. Ill (nomen),
in Trans. Linn. Soc ser. 2. i. p. 270, Handb. Irid. p. 141 ; Klatt
in Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 169.
HuiLLA. — Flowers violet-blue. In meadows covered with tall
lierbage, flooded in the rains, near the banks of the river of Lopollo.
In fl. and fr. Feb. to May 1860. No. 1550.
4. LAPEYROUSIA Pourr. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.
p. 705.
1. L. Welwitschii Baker Handb. Irid. p. 168 (1892) ; Klatt in
Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 192.
Z. ahyssiiiica Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2. i. p. 272.
PuNGO Andoxgc^. — A small herb, herbaceous-green with intensely
blue flowers. Perianth-limb 6-fid, lobes sub-bilabiate spreading, the
three lower forming the lower lip with purple and white spots at the
base. Plentiful in rather damp pastures covered with short grass near
Catete on the presidium ; growimj along with Ind/gofera, etc. In fl.
and sparsely fruiting Jan. 1857. No. 1631.
2. L. littoralis Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvi. p. 156 (nomen),
in Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e., Handb. Irid. p. 172 ; Klatt, I.e., p. 191.
MossAMKDES. — A small herb 3 in. high, with spreading branches.
On low gravelly hills near the sea at Praia da Amelia near Villa de
Mossamedes. With a few perished fruits July 1859. No. 1546.
Bulbs were collected but lost in the Monanensian war.
28 VII. IRIDE.E, [Lapeyrousia
3. L, cyanescens Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc, I.e. (nomen), in
Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e., Handb. Irid., I.e.; Klatt, I.e., p. 190.
Psilosij^hon cyaneseens Welw. ex Baker in Journ. Linn. See, I.e.
HuiLLA. — Flowers milk-white, soon becoming bluish-violet, especi-
ally on the tube and back of the lobes, very elegant and having a very
sweet smell especially in the evening. In high boggy places near
streams in the Serra de Oiahoia near Humpata. In fl. and fr. April
18(50. No. 1553. Rocky places near LopoUo, March 18('.0. Coll.Cakp.GI.
4. L. fragrans Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc, I.e. (nomen), in Trans.
Linn. Soc, I.e., Handb. Irid., I.e. ; Klatt, I.e., p. 191.
Psilosiphon fragrans Welw. ex Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc, I.e.
HuiLLA. — An erect herb 1 ft. high, stem leafy from the middle,
leaves linear, erect, coriaceous, rigidulous. Corolla white, becoming
violet in drying, tube long, lobes campanulate, erect, linear, rather
obtuse, peduncles rigid, widely ascending. Plentiful but rarely flower-
ing in stony and rocky sunny places near Lopollo. In fl. in the middle
of Dec. 1859. No. 1552.
Scarcely separable from the last species.
5. L. odoratissima Baker in Journ, Linn. Soc, I.e. (nomen), in
Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e., p. 273, t. 36, figs. 2 & 3, Handb. Irid.
p. 173 ; Klatt, I.e.
Psilosipho7i odoratissima Welw. ex Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc, I.e.
HuiLLA. — An erect herb scarcely 1 ft. high, with a conical bulb,
clothed with reddish-brown closely reticulate tunics, base broadly
truncate, margin broken into fibrils, stem naked below, then distich-
ously leaved ; leaves deeply grooved, at first sheathing the flowers ;
corolla with a long tube, lobes lanceolate, acuminate, up to time of
opening campanulately erect ; corolla completely white, smell very
pleasant. Plentiful in sandy rocky thickets near Lopollo. In fl.
11 Dec. 1859. No. 1551.
5. GLADIOLUS L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 709.
1. G. gregarius Welw. ex Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc xvi. p. 174
(nomen), in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2. i. p. 268, Handb. Irid.
p. 210 ; Klatt in Durand & Schinz, Consp. Y\. Afr. v. p. 218.
PuNGO Andonco. — Growing csespitosely with 4 to 10 bulbs closely
crowded ; flowers milk-white, with two small violet spots on the inside
of the lip. Plentiful in rather lofty rocky places of the Serra de
Pedras de Guinga. In fl. Jan. and March 1857. No. 1528.
2. G. laxiflorus Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc, I.e. (nomen), in
Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e., Handb. Irid. p. 211 ; Klatt, I.e., p. 219.
HuiLLA. — Flowers a very bright rose-purple. Very plentiful in
marshy deep-grassed meadows, especially round ponds near the river
of Lopollo. In fl. and fr. Dec. 1859. No. 1536.
3. G. brevicaulis Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc, I.e. (nomen), in
Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e., p. 267, Handb. Irid., I.e.; Klatt, I.e., p. 244.
HuiLLA. — Tunics of corm densely reticulate, stem simple, clothed
with short long-sheathing leaves, radical leaves very narrow, appearing
late, perianth violet-purple, three lower lobes obcuneate, discs white
with a central deep purjile lance-shaped mark. Plentiful in rather
damp sandy short-grassed meadows and pastures, between Lopollo and
Humpata. In fl. Dec. 1859 and Jan. 18G0. No. 1534.
Gladiolus] VII. iride^. 2^
4. G. luridus Welw. ex Baker in Jom-n. Linn. Soc, I.e. (nomen),
in Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e., Handb. Irid., I.e. ; Klatt, I.e., p. 220.
HuiLLA. — Two feet high with the habit of G. hnhricatus. Colour
of flowers exactly as in /r/'.s lurhla. Plentiful in fields subjected to
cultivation three years before, now planted with Zen Jfai/s ; near
Lopollo Dec. 1859. No. 1533.
5. G. caerulescens Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc, I.e. (nomen), in
Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e., Handb. Irid., I.e. ; Klatt, I.e., p. 215.
HuiLLA. — Flowers dull bluish. Sporadic in cultivated fields for-
merly covered with woody thickets near Lopollo. A few specimens
seen in fl. April 18G0. No. 1537.
6. G. Uuartiiiianus Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 306(1851);
Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e., p. 2G9, Handb. Irid. p. 213;
Klatt, I.e., p. 223.
HuiLLA. — Often 4 ft. high. Flowers with numerous small orange-
yellow and red spots. Sporadic in deeply herb-grown wooded
meadows of Monino between Lopollo and Lake Ivantala. In fl. Dec
1859. No. 1535.
7. G. angolensis Welw. ex Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc, I.e., p. 176
(nomen), in Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e., Handb. Irid., I.e. ; Klatt, I.e.,
p. 213.
GoLUXGO Alto. — A gigantic species, 4 to G, sometimes even 7 to
7J ft. high. Flowers very beautiful, yellow with numerous closely
set orange and scarlet lines and spots ; outer perianth-lobes suffused
with red towards the base. On grassy thicket-clad slopes of the
Serra de Alta Queta above N-delle and near Sange, growing among
grasses, Androporjon and Marianga {Pennisetum sp.) 12 to 18 ft. high.
In fl. Feb., in fr. March 1856. Nos. 1527 and 1527&. Coll. Carp.
1000. Canaulo, April 185G. Coll. Caup. 1001.
Puxco Andoxgo.— Strictly erect, 3J to 6 ft. high. One of the
most beautiful of its genus. Plentiful in dry and rather damp grassy
places near Muta Lucala on the river Cuanza. In fl. March 1857.
No. 1530.
8. G. "Welwitsehii Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc, I.e., p. 175
(nomen), in Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e., p. 268, Handb. Irid., I.e. ;
Klatt, I.e., p. 227.
G. splendens Welw. ex Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e. (non
Baker).
HuiLLA. — Flowers very fine, variegated with orange-red. On sandy
thicket-grown hillsides with clay subsoil round Lopollo. In fl. Oct.
and Nov. 1859, and again sporadically May 1860. No. 1541.
9. G. benguellensis Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc, I.e., p. 174
(nomen), in Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e., Handb. Irid. p. 221 ; Klatt,
I.e., p. 213.
HuiLLA. — Flowers with orange and purple spots. Somewhat
plentiful in rather dry thicket-grown pastures near Lopollo. Dec. 1859,
Feb. 1860. No. 1540.
10. G. multiflorus Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc, I.e.. p. 175
(nomen), in Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e., p. 269, Handb. Irid., I.e. ;
Klatt, I.e., p. 221.
30 VII. iRiDE.E. [Gladiolus
Huir.LA. — Spike pale purple ; flowers purple-spotted, upper lip
dark violet-purple, under lip white. In fl. and fr. Dec. 1859 and
Feb. 18G0. No. 1538.
11. G. andongensis Welw. ex Baker in Journ. Linn. Sec, I.e.,
p. 176 (nomen), in Trans. Linn. See, I.e., Handb. Irid., I.e. ;
Klatt, I.e., p. 212.
PuxGO Andoxgo. — 1 to Ih ft. high, with somewhat curved apex ;
flowers orange-yellow with small dark red spots ; leaves rigid
falcately curved, many-nerved, median nerve nearer to one side. Grows
sparsely on the higher rocks of the pra^sidium, in a place called Pedra
Songue. 13 Dec. 1856. No. 1529.
The following numbers comprise material insufl^icient for specific
determination : —
HuiLLA. — Flowers large, vermilion-scarlet, secund, leaves linear-
lanceolate, appearing later. Plentiful in dry thickets near Huilla.
In fl. Oct., in fr. Nov. 1859. Cor.L. Carp. 72. The specimen consists
only of a single capsule and seeds, and is apparently closely allied to
G. Welwituchli Baker, from which however Welwitsch separated it as
a new and distinct species.
Huilla. — Flowers scarlet ; leaves appearing later. Plentiful in
sandy pastures near LopoUo. In fl. Oct. to Feb. Jan. 1860. Coll.
Carp. 1002.
Perhaps near G. Welivitschu. Baker.
Huilla.— Feb. 1860. Coll. Carp. 1003.
Huilla. — A single specimen in fruit. In sandy rocky Avooded
places near Mumpulla. Oct. 1859. No. 1542.
6. ANTHOLYZA L. ; Benth. & Hook. fil. Gen. PI. iii. p. 710.
1. A. huillensis Welw. ex Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvi. p. 179
(nomen), in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, i. p. 270, Handb. Irid.
p. 232.
Anisanthus huillensis Klatt in Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle xv.
p. 344 (1882), and in Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 228.
Huilla. — An erect herb 1 ft. high, leaves narrow, flowers a splendid
scarlet. About 5000 ft. above sea-level in sunny sandy-stony thicket-
grown places around Lopollo and Humpata ; not by any means rare.
In fl. and sparse fr. Nov. and Dec. 1859. No. 1539.
Owing to lack of sufhcient material the position of the following
number is very doubtful : —
BuMiio.— Damp woods of Serra da Xella above Bumbo. Oct. 1859.
No. 1554. A perennial herb with the habit almost of Iri^, leaves
leathery, distichously sheathing. Flowers not seen. Serra da Xella
and near Mumpulla. Oct. 1859. Coll. Carp. 1048.
VIIL AMARYLLIDE.E.
1. HYPOXIS L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 717.
1. H. monanthos Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, i. p. 266
(1878), in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. p. 108; Durand & Schinz Consp.
Fl. Afr. V. p. 233.
Huilla. — On the shortly-grassed margins of the stream of Lopollo
Hyjyoxis] viii. amaryllide.e. 31
(in Morro de LopoUo), along with Cyaflmt m-borescc/iit. A few speci-
mens found in Dec. 1859, but afterwards sought in vain. No. 4058.
2. H. canaliculata Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e., p. 265, in
Journ. Linn. Soc, I.e., p. 109 ; Durand &, Schinz, l.c , p. 231.
HuiLLA. — Plentiful on sandy hill-pastures near Lopollo. Dec. 1859
and Jan. 1860. No. 4057.
3. H. cuanzensis Welw. ex Baker in Trans. Linn. 8oc., I.e., in
Journ. Linn. Soc, I.e., p. Ill ; Durand & Schinz, l.c.
PuNoo Andongo. — Tuber large compact. Flowers bright yellow ;
leaves erect to patulous, coriaceous, subfleshy. Plentiful in damp
meadows between Quiconde and Calemba Island. In fl. and fr. March
1857. No. 4056.
4. H. angustifolia Lam. Encyc iii. p. 182; Baker in Trans.
Linn. Soc, I.e., in Journ. Linn. Soc, I.e. ; Durand &, Schinz, I.e.
PuNGO Andongo. — Plentiful, but in few places, in rich damp
pastures of the pra?sidium near Catete. In fl. and fr., beginning
of Dec. 185G. No. 4053. In sandy pastures between Quiconde and
Condo, in fl. middle of March 1857. No. 4054.
HuiLLA. —Sparsely in sandy places bearing short herbage, near
Ferrao da Sola. Nov. 1859. No. 4055.
5. H. polystachya Welw. ex Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e., p.
26G, in Journ. Linn. Soc, I.e., p. 115 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 233,
HuiLLA. — Corm ovate to subspherical, densely fleshy, 2 to G in. in
diameter, sometimes as big as a child's head. Plant somewhat rarely
flowering, at any rate in this district ; numerous individuals were seen
but very few in flower. Flowers yellow, rapidly becoming black. Loculi
of capsule 1-seeded, but two of them often empty, the whole fruit
sometimes containing a single spherical, black, minutely granulate, and
rostellate seed ; dehiscence circumscissile the upper part ctmiing away
together with the withered perianth-segments. On thicket-grown
hillsides between Lopollo and Catumba. In fl. and fr. Dec. 1859.
No. 4060.
Yar. andongensis Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e., in Journ.
Linn. Soc, l.c. ; Durand & Schinz, l.c.
PuNGO Andongo. — An acaulescent herb ; corm dense as big as a fist
or larger ; leaves trifarious, arcuately spreading, rigid, coriaceous.
Flowers on a flattened peduncle. In damp sandy meadows on the
banks of the river Cuanza. In fr. March 1857. No. 4061.
6. H. angolensis Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e., Journ. Linn.
Soc, I.e., p. 116 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 231.
HuiLLA. — Plentiful on short thicket-grown sandy hills, with clayey
subsoil near Lopollo. Flowers fine, yellow. Oct. and Nov. ISo'J, and
again sporadically in May 1860. No. 4059.
2. CURCULIGO Gaertn.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 717.
1. C. gallabatensis Schweinf. ex Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc
ser. 2, i. p. 260 (1878), in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. p. 123 ; Durand
& Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 236.
GoLUNGO Alto. — Seems to be GethylUs pUosa Schum. & Tuonn. A
spring herb, with tuberous root, tuber vertical, thick fleshy farinaceous,
32 Till. AMARYLLIDE.E. \CurCuligO
bearing numerous fibres. Outer perianth-segments pale yellowish,
inner more jjetaloid, intense yellow but soon becoming pale. Anthers
large, yellow. Rather rare in the grassy edges of thickets on the hills
of Queta, along with Gladiolus angolemis. In fl. and fr. end of Nov.
1855. No. 4062.
3. CRYPTOSTEPHANUS Welw. ex Baker ; Benth. & Hook.
f. Gen. PL iii. p. 718.
1. C. densiflorus Welw. ex Baker in Journ. Bot. 1878, p. 193
t. 197, Handb. Amarj'llid. p. 1 ; Durand &, Schinz, I.e., p. 239.
HuiLLA. — Sporadic in thicket-grown places on sandy soil exposed to
the sun near LopoUo. In fl. Oct. and Nov. 1859. In fr. Jan. 1860.
No. 4027.
4. HIPPEASTRUM Herb. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.
p. 724.
1. H.Regin8eHerb.App.p.31 (1821); Baker Handb. Amaryllid.
p. 48.
H. africanum Welw. ex Baker, I.e., p. 49.
Prince's Island. — Bulb-scales thin, white with vermiHon spots. In
very thick shady primitive woods 350(1 to 4000 ft. high, on the Pico de
Papagaio. In fl. Sept. 1853. Seems thoroughly spontaneous and even
indigenous ; not cultivated anywhere in the island and not seen in the
less elevated districts. No. 4023.
5. CRINUM L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pi. iii. p. 720.
1. C. Welwitschii Baker in Gard. Chron. xvi. (1881, p. 40),
Handb. Amaryllid. p. 78 ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v.
p. 252.
MossAMEDES. — Bulb as big as a child's head, ovate-spherical. Scape
1 ft., subascending, compressed almost two-edged, firm. Umbel many-
flowered, flowers long-tubed, capsules depressed-spherical, more or less
angled, bulbiferous. Rare in sandy places on the river Bero. Specimen
almost entirely perished. July 1859. No. 4016.
Described from a very incomplete specimen.
2. C. buphanoides Welw. ex Baker in Journ. Bot. 1878, p. 195,
Handb. Amaryllid. p. 80 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 247.
PuNGO Andongo. — Bulb very large, often as big as a child's head,
laxly tunicate ; leaves large, broadly lanceolate-linear, long acuminate,
coriaceous, glaucous. Flowers to 30 or 40 on the same scape, white
with crimson bands. In sandy woods at Cazella and on the presidium ;
plentiful from the stream Lutete as far as Pungo Andongo. In fl.
18 Oct. 185(3. No. 4014.
3. C. latifolium L. Sp. PI. p. 291 (1753); Baker Handb.
Amaryllid. p. 87.
Pungo Andongo. — Plentiful in sandy woods between the river
Lutete and Pungo Andongo. Bulbs collected in this place flowered in
the Lumiar garden near Lisbon, beginning of Sept. 1863, exactly at the
same time as in South Africa. No. 4017.
HuTLLA. — Leaves contemporary with the flowers. Flowers white
marked with reddish violet, very beautiful. Here and there in
wooded thickets near L^pollo (also near Mossamedes). In fl. Nov. 1859
No. 4016.
Crimcm] viii. amaryllide^. 33
The leaf is 4J in. broad just above the broadly rounded base. Put
doubtfully under C. yuccoijiorum Salisb. by Baker, I.e., p. 90, followed
by Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 251.
4. C. fimbriatulum Baker in Journ. Bot. 1878, p. 196 ; Ilandb.
Amaryllid. p. 90 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 248.
LoANDA. —Leaves 2 to 5 ft., fleshy, glaucous-green, striated, roundly-
grooved, very long acuminate, sometimes preceding, sometimes con-
temporaneous with the flowers. Scape 2 ft., 3- to 7-flowered, flowers
beautiful white with rose-coloured bands, sweet-smelling. In meadows
flooded in the summer-time ; almost throughout the whole district.
Museque de Senhor Ricardo S. Rejo, Quicuxe. In fl. March 1854.
No. 4018.
PoxTA d'Ambriz. — Growing with Flagellaria htdica Nov. 1853.
No. 4019.
Scarcely distinguishable from C. scabrum Herb.
5. C. giganteum Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 169 (1804) ; Baker Handb.
Amaryllid. p. 91 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e.
C. vanillodorum Welw. ex Baker in Journ. Bot., I.e.
GoLUNGO Alto. — Bulb when young spherical, then columnar, as big
as a child's head, scales dark-coloured ; leaves linear-lanceolate, 2 to
3 ft., margin originally undulate near the base, very obtusely carinate,
shining, very juicy, and widely spreading. Scape 2 to 4 ft. angular-
compressed, subglaucous green, solid. Flowers 3 to 6 in the umbel,
tube 4 in. to a span, long slender, limb shaped like a tulip. Well
worth cultivating. Flowers smelling very sweetly and strongly like
those of Vanilla. Plentiful by the rivers Cuango, Quiapoza, etc.
Flowers Oct. to Dec. In boggy places by the river Cuango ; Nov. 1854.
Young plants with erect rather thick and rigid smooth leaves shining
above darker beneath were collected near the boggy banks of the
Quiapoza river near Sange with orchids and a species of Bajihia.
No. 4020. Bulbs collected in Angola, and flowered in the Lumiar
garden in March 18G2. No. 4020A.
LiBONGO. — Well developed bulb almost as large as a fist, elongate-
conical. Scape compressed at the base, gradually becoming more
cylindrical towards the apex. Flowers white or rather snow-white,
with a very sweet Vaiulla-like smell. Rather rare on the marshy
banks of the river Lifune in the somewhat elevated woods about ten
geographical miles from the sea. In fl. at end of Sept. 1858. No. 4021.
6. C. angolense Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 730 ; Baker
Handb. Amaryllid. p, 80 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 246.
Buj^hane angolensis Baker in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 197.
HuiLLA. — Between Crinuni and Hannanthus, with almost all the char-
acters of Hamantlnis, but has the two-leaved spathe of Crhium. Bulb
large ovate-spherical. Leaves appearing after the flowers, bifariously
sheathing, curved to prostrate, obtuse, serrulate, glaucous. Flowers
dull rose-coloured, fragrant. In thicket-grown r-ather damp pastures
near MumpuUa and Lopollo, about 5500 ft. In fl. at end of Oct. 1859 ;
in leaf April 1860. No. 4012.
The following number, consisting only of leaves and the upper
portion of the bulb, probably belongs to this species : —
PuNGO AxDOXGO. — Bulb the size of a fist, ovate or ovately conical,,
containing a yellow viscid resinous juice, scales dark-coloured. Leaves
VOL. IT. 3
34 VIII. AMARYLLIDEiE. [Cri7lUm
glaucous, thick, coriaceous, curved linear, obtuse. Habit of a Pan-
cratium. Flowers not seen. Plentiful on rocks covered with damp
sand between Candumba andMangue, March 1857. No. 4013.
The following may belong to the genus : —
Talamagoxgo. — A bulb, found in rather damp places near Casange
by Don Pereira and sent to Welwitsch ; produced only leaves when
cultivated in his garden at Golungo ; afterwards grown in the Lumiar
garden (Lisbon). Leaves gathered in garden at Golungo, June 1856.
No. 4022.
6. CYRTANTHUS Ait.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 729.
1. C. Welwitschii liiern ex Baker in Journ. Bot. 1878, p. 197 ;
Baker Handb. Amaryllid. p. 55 ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl.
Afr. V. p. 262.
HuiLLA.— Bulbous ; leaves contemporary with the flowers, linear,
erect, obtuse, glaucescent, equalling the scape ; flowers brick-red,
rather fleshy, patulous, 1 in. long, tube gradually narrowing towards
the ovary. Seeds obliquely imbricated, black, winged on one side.
The three valves of the capsule ultimately reflexed. Marshy places on
banks of streams, along with Arokles hastatum and Ti/pha (/ngmtifolia
near Lopollo. In fl. Nov. 1859, in fr. Jan. 1860. No. 4028. In fr,
Jan. 18G0. .Coll. Cakp. 1005.
7. H^MANTHUS Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 730.
1. H. multiflorus Martyn Icon, cum descript. (1795).
Var. filiflorus Pvendle.
JI. Jiliflorus Hiern ex Baker in Journ. Bot. 1878, p. 194;
Baker Handb. Amaryllid. p. 63 (very near //. multiflorus; perhaps
a, mere variety) ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 264.
Differs from the type in its very narrow perianth-segments.
Ambaca. — In thicket-grown places on the red clay between Halo
and Zamba, Oct. 1857. No. 4010.
PuNGO Andongo. — Bulb ovate-conical, the size of a hen's &^g to
that of a fist, white, compact ; flowers rose-scarlet, leaves protruding
after the flowers, numerous, leathery-fleshy, shining, sheaths very long,
closely amplexicaul. Scape 1 to \h ft., lateral, green, semicylindrical
at the base, somewhat flattened above, considerably dilated below the
umbel forming a receptacle bearing 4 reflexed spathe-leaves lanceolate-
acuminate from a broad base, and greenish- purple, with 2 or 3 much
narrower inner leaflets. Flowers 8U to 100, and even more, a fine
blood-red. Pedicels slender terete -compres.sed, greenish-pnrple, inter-
mingled with rather long filiform white bracts. Perianth-tube sulcate
-^ in., lobes linear exceeding the tube, pale rose or reddish, ultimately
reflexed. Filaments stiff, erect, blood-red, nearly 1 in. long : anthers
blood-red, pollen yellow. Style blood-red equal to the stamens, apex
obsoletely 2- to 3-lobed. Odour faint, of honey. In open thickets
and wooded places near Quilongo and Luxillo, in fl. Oct., in fr. and
leaf Dec. and Jan. 1857-8. No. 4009.
2. H. angolensis Welw. ex Baker in Journ. Bot., I.e. ; Baker
Handb. Amaryllid. p. 65; Durand i Schinz, I.e., p. 263.
Golungo Alto. — Bulb 4 to 6 years old, elongate-cylindrical, slightly
thickened at the base, where there are numerous long fleshy root-
fibres. Leaves appearing after the flowers, closely sheathing, fleshy.
Hcemanihus\ viii. amaryllide^. 35
shining, sheaths spotted with purple. Umbel in well-developed plants
at first flat, then hemispherical, finally when all the flowers have
opened, spherical. Not plentiful in elevated shady primitive woods
{Coffea)^ in rather dry stony places, and on the marshy banks of
streams at Cungulungulo ; in fl. Feb. 1855. In very lofty mountainous
places near Montalegre ; Jan. and Feb. 1855. No. 4008.
The following number comprises insufficient material for specific
determination : —
PuxGO AxnoNGO.— J2". cruenlalus Sch. & Thonn. ? Bulb as big as
a rather large nut, or larger, somewhat conical. Leaves 4 to 7,
emerging from the bulb almost opposite, lanceolate, wavy, long
acuminate, subfleshy, with an obtuse keel ; blade with a long decurre- 1
base. In somewhat open woods near Luxillo, without fl. end
Jan. 1857. No. 4011.
8. BOOPHANE Herb. ; Benth. k Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 730.
1. B. toxicaria Herb. App. p. 18 (1821).
Bufhane disticha Herb, sub Bot. Mag. t. 2578 (1825); Baker
Handb. Amaryllid. p. 73; Durand&Schinz, Consp.Fl. Afr. v.p.268.
PuNGO Andongo. — A fine plant ; bulb large elliptical, scales
cartilaginous, orange to brick-red. Leaves arranged fan-like in two
rows, glaucous, thick and coriaceous. In MhiKisn woods between Guinga
and Candamba. AVithout fl. Jan. 1857. No. 4024.
HuiLLA. — A beautiful plant ; bulb large ovately-oblong, scales
orange-colour, parchment-like, almost crustaceous. Leaves coming
after the flowers, U ft. long, hnear-lanceolate, rather obtuse, striated,
glaucous, coriaceous, rather flq^hy, spreading like a fan from the
top of the bulb with faces opposed. Scape compressed, about 2 in.
Peduncles radiating in a perfect sphere in the fruiting stage, and
bearing bulbils. Pastures and less dense grassy thickets between
Mumpulla and Lopollo. In fl. Oct. 1859 ; in leaf and fr. April 1860.
No. 4026. On thicket-grown hills between Lopollo and Nene, in leaf
Feb. and April 18G0. No. 4025. Germinating bulbils. Coll. Cari*.
1004.
9. HYMENOCALLIS Salisb. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.
p. 734.
1. H. littoralis Salisb. in Trans. Hort. Soc. i. p. 338 (1812).
H. senerjamhica Kth. & Bouche (e descript.) ; Baker Handb.
Amaryllid. p. 124.
Ambriz.— On sandy places near the sea, and in the interior as far
as Quizembo and in Marguerito Mossul to the mouth of the river
Onco. On sandy sea-shores of the Congo country between Ambriz
and Quizembo, but very scattered. Cultivated in Loanda, where it
flowered in July and August 1858. Flowered also in the Lumiar
garden and in Welwitsch's house at Lisbon in July 18G3. No. 4029.
10. XEROPHYTA Juss.
Vellozia Vand. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 739.
1. X. eapillaris Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc. .ser. 2. i. p. 2G4, t. 36,
fig. 1 (1878); Durand & Scliinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 271.
Vellosia eapillaris Welw. ex Baker, I.e.
HuiLLA.— Stem 2 ft. long. Flowers often milk-white, sometimes
36 VIII. AMARYLLIDE^. [Xerophyta
blue. Blooms somewhat rarely, for barren plants were often seen.
In rather lofty thickets on the edges of woods at Monino and in
the lofty plain of Empalanca. In fl.^eb. 1860. No. 1558.
2. X. squarrosa Baker, I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 272.
Vellosia squarrosa Welw. ex Baker, I.e.
PuxGO Andoxgo. — A shrub, 3 to 4, more rarely 5 ft. high ; stem
4 to 6 in. in circumference at the base. Flowers bright or deep blue^
more rarely white. Plentiful in the more lofty rocky slopes of the
praesidium, growing in thick masses. Dec. 185G. No. 1555. June
1857. Coll. Carp. 1006.
3. X. stenophylla Baker, I.e., p. 265; Durand & Schinz, I.e.
Vellosia stenoj)liylla Welw. ex Baker, I.e.
MossAMEDES. — Leaves white papillose on the upper face. Plentiful
and in dense clusters on sandy schists near Cazimba between Maiombo
and Pomangala. Without fl. Oct. 18.')9. No. 1557- Stem of species
of Vellosia in winter state — i.e. July and August. The stems are
thickly crowded over wide areas, and send out at the apex a bundle
of leaves only after the rains ; very rarely flowering. Mountain
schists, between Maiombo and Cazimba. Oct. 18.59. Coll. Carp. 1007.
4. X. velutina Baker, I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e.
Vellosia velutina Welw. ex Baker, I.e.
PuNGO AxDONGO. — A Small erect shrub H to 2^ ft. ; flowers blue.
Plentiful, but apparently rarely flowering, on the sandy schistose
rocks near the bank of the river Cuanza. March 1857. No. 1556.
IX. TACCACEiE.
1. TACCA Forst. ; Bentb. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 741.
1. T. pinnatifida Forst. Char. Gen. PI. p. 70 (1776), Plant. Esc.
p. 59 (1786) ; Kunth Enum. v. p. 458 ; Durand & Schinz, Consp.
Fl. Afr. v. p. 272.
T. Quanzensis Welw. Apont. p. 591, No. 108 (1859).
PuxGO Andongo. — Leaf of a plant grown at Loanda from tubers
collected March 1857 near Candumba on the river Cuanza. It began
to send out leaf and flowers towards the end of October 1858. Petiole
very pale green, densely covered with dull violet spots, and obsoletely
furrowed, in the cultivated plant a span and a half high, with an
amplexicaul base. Own garden Loanda, 28 Oct. 1858. Rather damp
sandy thickets on the right of the Cuanza near Cavallo ; with ripe
fruit '29 Jan. 1857. In flower without leaf ; Condo, March 1857.
No. 6475. On the wet banks of the Cuanza near Candumba. March
1857. Coll. Cakp. 1008.
X. DIOSCOIiEACE.E.
1. DIOSCOREA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 742.
Leaves simjyle.
1. D. Preussii Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xv. p. 147 (1893) ; Durand &
Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 275.
Flowers slightly smaller and more hairy than in Preuss' Kamerun
plant but not specifically distinct.
Dioscoo'ea] x. dioscoreace.e. 37
GoLUNGO Alto. — A very widely climbing herb, draping and hanging
from palms ; tubercles often but not always formed in the leaf -axils.
In palm woods on the river Quiapoza near Sange. Aprill855. Xo. 4038.
2. D. andongensis Rendle sp. nov.
A herb generally with a woody base, stera broadly winged and
furrowed, (in the llower-bearing shoots of which the herbariura
specimen consists, the stem is much twisted and furrowed but not
winged,) sparsely i'erruginously haii-y ; leaves alternate, exactly
cordate with a long apiculus, shorter than the internodes, leaf-
stalk generally shorter than the blade, sparsely puberulous, blade
9-nerved, the lowest nerve on each side giving off a strong
branch just above its base ; lower surface softly densely tomen-
tose on the flowering shoots, very thinly hairy on the single
fruit-bearing shoot ; male spikes simple, 4 in the axil of each
leaf, shorter than the leaf, peduncle, bracts and flower-buds with
a short dense ferruginous indumentum ; flowers solitary, bracts
triangular ovate, almost as long as the flowers, perianth broadly
cyathiform, segments subequal, outer ovate blunt, hairy on back,
inner ovate-oblong with an obtuse to rounded apex; stamens
6 fertile, subequal, inserted on the base of the perianth-seg-
ments, anthers oblong, of the outer twice as long as of the
inner, ovary-rudiment conspicuous G-denticulate ; female spike
sometimes longer, flowers solitary, sessile, bracts about half the
length, ovary linear-oblong, ferruginously hairy, bluntly edged in
flowering-stage becoming winged as the perianth withers, perianth-
segments subsucculent, with more membranous apex (outer 3)
and margin, more or less oblong nari-owing at the apex, the inner
3 slightly narrower with a thickened fleshy apex, spotted with
red and sparsely haizy except near apex and margins, staminodes
6, cordate, sessile at base of segments, style-column with large
recurving stigmas, about half the length of the segments. Unripe
fruit oval, with membranous wings.
Leaf -stalks 3 to 5 in. long, blades including apiculus 4 to 71- in.
young male spike 4 in., the female reaching 1 ft. ; bracts on male
spike l-i line long, bracteole subulate § line, perianth-segments
li line, stamens 4 line; ovary 2 to 3 lines long, perianth-segments
1^ to li line, style and stigmas about § line. Unripe fruit 2 in.
long by half as broad. Near B. Preussii Pax, but distinguished
by the ferruginous tomentum of leaves and inflorescence, rather
narrower perianth-segments, and 6 anther-bearing stamens.
PuNGO Andongo. — Flowers greenish. Completely draping the larger
trees with its foliage. Plentiful in small woods among the huge rocks
between Catete and Luxillo. In fl. middle and end of Jan. 1857.
No. 4040.
3. D. polyantha Rendle sp. nov.
A sutiruticose high and wide climber, branches densely ferru-
ginously stellato-tomentose, the tomentum disappearing in the
older shoots, leaves alternate generally longer than the inter-
nodes, long-stalked, petioles shorter than the cordate acute 7-ncrved
38 X. DioscoREACE.E. [Dioscoreci
blade, the petiole and under surface of the leaf similarly hairy to
the stem, upper face of leaf glabrescent ; a bulbil sometimes occurs
in the axil of the uppermost leaves ; male spikes simple, in axillary
fascicles of 2 to 4, equal to or slightly exceeding the leaves ;
peduncle, bracts, bracteole, and back of sepals similarly stellately
tomentose : flowers solitary, subsessile, bracts small shorter than
the flower, ovate-acuminate, bracteole similar but half the size ;
perianth cyathiform, segments subequal, 3 outer oval to oval-
oblong, concave, blunt, 3 inner glabrous, rather broadly oval,
blunt, flat, with a fleshy median keel along the upper (inner)
face; stamens 6 all fertile, the inner twice the length of the
outer ; outer 3 short sharply kneed and bent inwards below the
anther insertion, anther globose with a short apical dorsal
recux'ving - spur, inner 3 suberect Avith a less prominent dorsal
knee below the anther which is only half the size of the outer
and has a smaller spur ; gynoecium represented by 3 linear-
subulate subtriquetrous processes united at the base, and a little
shorter than the inner stamens.
Leaf-blades on a flowering branch diminishing upwards from
3 in. to ^ in. in length, and becoming more shallowly cordate,
the petioles from 2-i to ^ in. ; male spikes 6 in. or shorter ; flowers
a little over 1 line long, whitish, slightly fragrant, bracts 4 line ;
perianth-segments scarcely 1^ line long, outer stamens ^ line,
inner f line, carpel rudiments i line.
Near D. hirtiflo7'a Benth. (of the Niger region), from which it
differs in its ferruginous indumentum, and the fertility of both
whorls of stamens, as well as in other points of floral structure.
GoLUNGO Alto. — Woody thickets Monte de Queta above N-delle,
but rare. In fl. April 185G. No. 4039.
The following specimen consisting of leaves only probably
belongs here : —
Ambaca. — A climber with the habit of Dtoscorca ; one specimen
only was found and without flower. In woods of Araliaceas near the
river Lucala ; Oct. 1856. No. 4034.
4. D. sativa L. Sp. PL p. 1033 (1753); Welw. Apont. p. 543;
Durand k Schinz, I.e.
D. hulbifera L., I.e. Helmia hulhifera Kth. Enum. v. p. 435 (1850).
GoLUNGo Alto. — Suffruticose rarely shrubby, stems 10 to 20 ft.
long, cord-Uke, very high climbing, then hanging, bulbiferous. On
palms {Ehf'fs, liaplda) and other trees by the banks of the Delamboa.
In fl. and fr. April 1856. No. 4037. The following number in Coll.
Cajjp. may belong to this species. Aerial axillary tubercles of some
Dioscorea. Thrown up in the woods of Golungo Alto by the river
Quiporo. July 1856. 1012.
CAZENfio. — Openings of woods near the sweet springs, almost
destroyed by cattle. Jan. 1855. No. 4033.
Loan DA. — Leaves only. No. 4031.
Bengo. — A lofty climbing herb with edible tubers and bulbils in the
leaf-axils. Woods on the river Bengo near S. Antonio. Without fl.
Jan. 1854. No. 4032.
Dioscorea] x. dioscoreace^. 39
5. D. angustiflora Rendle sp. nov.
Stem and branches subcompressed not winged, internodes
glabrous with a few short prickles ; leaves opposite, simple,
glabrous, exceeding the internodes, long-stalked but petioles shorter
than blades, blades oval fi'om a well-marked cordate base, apex
shortly acuminate, 7 -nerved; male spikes . . . ; female spikes
simple, lax, in axillary fascicles of 3 to 4, bracts shorter than
the sessile flowers, acuminate from a broadly triangular-ovate
base, perianth-segments narrow, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate,
staminodes inserted at their base and about ^ their length, con-
sisting of a broad filament with an aborted anther-like top, style-
column bluntly conical, ending in 3 shortly recurving stigmas
ovary triangular not winged.
Leaf -stalks 2 to 2i in. long, blades 3i to 3^ in. by 2 to 21 in.
broad. Flower-spikes reaching 4|- in. long, bracts 1 line long,
flowers 2 lines long, perianth-segments 1 line, style with stigmas
^ line.
Near D. sat'iva L. but distinguished by its narrower oval leaves,
which recall those of D. (data Willd., and by its prickly stem.
GoLUN(;o Alto. — Climbing in open woods by streams near Sange.
No. 4036.
6. D. alata Willd. Sp. PI. iv. p. 792 (1805) ; Kth., I.e., p. 387 ;
Welw. Apont. p. 543 (1859) ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 273.
LoANDA.— Cultivated rather rarely in Loanda in the gardens at the
Museque do Sr. Schut ; not yet in flower. March 1854. No. 4030.
Introduced from Sierra Leone ; cultivated in a garden. May 1854.
No. 4044.
7. D. odoratissima Pax, Z.c, p. 146; Dux-and & Schinz, I.e.,
p. 274.
GoLUNGO Alto. — Everywhere, especially in palm woods between
Sange and Bango Aquitamba and towards Quilombo-Quiacatubia. In
male fl. and fr. Dec. 1855 and after. Nos.4035, 4036. Coll. Carp. 1011.
Near D. 2)rehensilis Benth.
8. D. minutiflora Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vii. p. 332 (1886), xv. p. 146
(laps, multijlora) t. viii. (1893); Durand & Schinz, I.e.
Island up St. Thomas.— No. 4042.
Represented only by two pairs of leaves ; determination doubtful.
9. D. Welwitschii Rendle sp. nov.
Shoots long and whip-like; stem glabrous, apparently terete,
longitudinally wrinkled when dry ; leaves glabrous, subascending,
shoi-ter than the internodes, petioles ^ to 4; the length of the blade ;
blade 7-nerved, obsoletely trilobed, middle lobe rounded with apex
abruptly long-apiculate, lateral lobes subrhomboid, base cordate-
hastate. Internode between the two uppermost leaf-pairs 8 in.
long. Leaves somewhat ivy-shaped ; petiole 1^ to 3 in., blade 4
to 5 in. long and as broad at the base ; the sharp subulate apiculus
reaches nearly 1 in. in length. Flowers and fruit absent.
GOLUNGO Alto. — Very thick woods Sobato Quilombo-Quiacatubia.
Feb. 1855. No. 4041.
40 X. DioscoREACE.E. [Dioscorea
Apparently near the West African D. colocasicffoUa Pax {^.c,
p. 145), but distinguished by its not winged stem and very
characteristic more isodiametrical leaf.
10. D. sp.
Leaves only. Stem leaf-stalks and leaves shortly ferruginously
tomentose. Leaves opposite, simple, stalk about half the length
of the blade, blade 7-nerved, orbicular-cordate, apex shortly
abruptly acuminate.
SiEKUA Leone.— Sept. 1853. No. 4043.
Leaves palmately compound.
11. D. triphylla Schimp. ex Kunth, I.e., p. 436 (non L.).
Var. tomentosa Rendle var. nov. distinguished by the densely
softly tomentose lower leaf- face.
GoLUNfio Alto. — Somewhat plentiful in thickets at the openings of
woods. Near Bango. In fl., male and female, and fr. Feb. and June
1856. No. 4052.
Sierra Leone. — A high chmbing herb, apparently dioecious. Here
and there in places once cultivated near Freetown. Sept. 1853.
No. 4051.
12. D. sp.
GOLUXGO Alto. — A suffruticose widely climbing herb with bifolio-
late leaves covered beneath with a white tomentum. Fruiting racemes
pendulous. Fruit triangular. Seeds winged. Sange, 1856. Coll.
Carp. 1009.
Apparently near D. triphylla Schimp.
13. D. sp.
Genus probabilit. novum Welw, Apont. p. 587, No. 41 (1859).
GoLUNGO Alto. — A new genus of Dioscoreacese, certainly not
recorded for the Niger Flora. Suffruticose, climbing, trifoliolate, with
broad hairy leaflets. Flowers not examined. A great ornament in
woody thickets. August 1857. Coll. Carp. 1010.
Material consists only of broken capsules and seeds. The capsules
resemble those of D. triphylla Schimp. The seeds are \\ in. long,
brown with a delicate membranous light brown translucent bluntly
linear-oblong unilateral wing.
14. D. ftuartiniana Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 316, t. 96a
(1851); Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 275.
D. Quartiniana var. lloclistetteri Engl. ITochgeb. Trop. Afr.
p. 172 (1892) ; Durand & Schinz, I.e. Var. pentadactpla Pax, I.e.,
p. 148 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e. D. pentadactyla Welw. ex Pax,
I.e., p. 149.
GoLUNGO Alto. — An undershrub, stem woody at the base, widely
climbing, leaves 5- to 3-foliolate, with bulbils in the axils of the curved
deflexed petioles. Leaflets densely marked with pellucid striae.
Flowers not seen. Very dense thickets by the spring of Quinque-
lequ('le. End of Dec. 1855. No. 4046. D. pciitadac(>ilu Welw. ? . In
thickets among the palms by the river Cuango near Sanche ; Feb.
1856. No. 4047. A dioecious plant with tuberculated rhizome,
Quilombo, Feb. 1855. No. 4048. A climbing herb with the old stem
subsbrubby, leaves alternate ?>- to 5-foliolate, root tuberous. Flowers
green in strobiliform spikes protected by bracts which are concave at the
Bioscorea] x. dioscoreac'e.e. 41
base and whitish-green or pale sulphur-coloured. IMain peduncles of
the spikes springing from the dilated base of the petioles. Everywhere
by dense thickets round Sange ; fruit sought in vain. In fl. end of
Dec. 1855. Xo. 4049. Varzea do Isidro Coango. In fl. April to May,
but did not fruit. No. 4050-
HriLi.-v. — D. j)fiiiiad7. No. 3719.
LiBONGO. — Stems H to 2 in. in diameter, ascending, densely clothed
with recurved withered leaves ; leaf-teeth orange-red. Scape nearly
3 ft. central, smooth, dull red, glaucescent, branched. Flowers and
the whole habit of the plant almost as in A.pkta, but flowers a little
smaller and tending rather to a brick-orange-red. No. 3723.
3. A. platyphylla Baker in Ti-an.?. Linn. Soc, I.e., in Journ.
Linn. Soc, I.e. ; Dui^and & Schinz, I.e., p. 310.
PuNGO Andongo.— A succulent herb, stem 1 to Ih ft. long, clothed
with a rosette of ovate-lanceolate, very thick leaves, scape lateral, 3 to
4 ft., erect, branched in the middle, branches spreading, the central
axis longer, livid purple with a reddish bloom. Flowers a livid-copper-
purple, horizontally spreading, finally nodding slightly, tube spherically
inflated at the base. Leaves with a broad shortly sheathing base,
ovate-lanceolate in the young plant, broadly lanceolate in flowering
specimens, slightly bent downwards, glaucous-green, marked on the
upper face with white oblong spots, paler and not spotted beneath.
In fl. 30 April 1857. Very plentiful in dry thickets and in marshy
meadows on banks of the river Caranca, near Sansamanda. No. 3722.
Loanda. — Littoral region. No. 3725.
4. A. palmiformis Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e., p. 263, in
Journ. Linn. Soc, I.e., p. 173 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e.
Huilla. — Shrubby, stem simple at the base, erect, 3 to 5 ft., sparsely
branched above, branches ascending, with a crowded apical crown of
leaves. Leaves glaucous-green, thick, succulent, rigid, brittle, lanceo-
late from an amplexicaul base, long-acuminate, margin sinuately
serrate, teeth ending in a hard red mucro. Perianth cylindrical,
straight, lobes regular, inner a little broader, erecto-spreading, obtuse,
non-appendiculate ; stamens straight. Flowers nodding, coralline-
scarlet, buds greenish at the tip, yellowish inside at flowering-time,
lobes banded with red. One of the loveliest species, which, when not
in flower, resembles a pretty little palm, as the leaves are crowded
46 XI, LiLiACE.E. [Aloe
together at the end of the stem, descending at first, then raised up-
Avards, and finally half -spirally rolled backwards at the tip. Plentiful
in the more lofty rocky woods of Morro de Lopollo. In fl. April 1860.
No. 3726. A shrub with a stem 1 to 14 ft. long. Without leaves in
the rocky shrubberies of Morro de Lopollo. May 1860. No. 3731.
5. A. andongensis Baker in Trans. Linn. Sec, I.e., in Journ.
Linn. See, I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 303.
PuNco Andongo. — Caulescent, stem 1 to 2 ft. long, branching
2 to 3 times, branches ascending. Leaves lanceolate, very acuminate,
thick, fleshy, glaucescent, arcuately recurved, crenately dentate. Flowers
yellow to brick-red. Very plentiful on rocks of the prtesidium, flowering
from January to the end of April. No. 3729.
6. A. littoralis Baker in Trans. Linn. See. I.e., in Journ. Linn.
Sec, I.e., p. 174 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 308.
Barra do Bengo. — Arborescent, trunk 6 to 10 ft., not often higher,
as thick as the arm or, more rarely, the thigh ; erect or ascending,
simple, very rarely branched, generally with a single crown of spreading
leaves, and clothed beneath the crown with bent-back withered leaves,
rough with the scars of fallen leaves from the base to the middle.
Leaves 2 to 3 feet or even longer. Flowers coral-red, scape lateral
paniculately branched, sometimes 4 to 5 ft. high. Very plentiful on
dry hills with a sandy clayey soil, in the whole littoral region of
Loanda, diminishing in the laigher parts and absent in the rocky
woody region. Imbondeiro dos Lobos, near Maianga do Poro, and
elsewhere. In fl. May to July ].S,")4. No. 3727.
Luanda. — A small tree with Yt/ccd-like trunk, and flower-panicle
5 to 6 or even sometimes 8 ft., flowers scarlet pendulous. Plentiful
on dry hills between S. Pedro and Cacuaco. Fl. June and July.
End of July 1854. Coll. Carp. 123.
Material insufficient for specific determination : —
S. Jago (Cape de Verde Is.). — Subcaulescent; leaves erect, spreading,
lanceolate, thick, glaucescent. Probably introduced. In sunny rocky
places on the island not far from the city Villa da Praia and somewhat
plentiful. Jan. 1861. No. 3730.
Zexza do Golungo. — Short stemmed, leaves crowded at the base
of the stalk in many rows, spreading, very thick and fleshy, becoming
ovate-lanceolate from a very broad amplexicaul base, glaucous-green,
with numerous white streaks ; scape 3 to 4 ft., brick-red, flowers
flesh-red. Dry thicket-grown plains near Calumguembo. In scanty
fl. and fr. Sept. 1857. No. 3724. Perhaps A. zehr'ma Baker.
Ambriz. — Radical leaves never seen. Dry woods near Mubongo.
Nov. 1853. No. 3718.
5. HAWORTHIA Duval; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl.iii.p. 777.
1. H. angolensis Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2. i. p. 263
(1878), in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. p. 210 (1880); Durand &
Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 316.
Huilla. — A herb ; leaves with backwardly pointing spines, glaucous,
rather flat, long-acuminate, erect, bulb large, scales fleshy dull rose-
coloured, ovate-lanceolate, loosely imbricate ; flowers brick-red-ciuna-
mon, spreading. Rather rare in rocky sandy thickets near Huilla.
In fl. Nov. 1859. No. 3756.
Draccena'] xi. liliace^. 47
Tribe hi. DRAC^ENEjE.
6. DRAC^NA L. ; Benth. t Hook. f. Geia. PI. iii. p. 779.
1. D. arborea Link. Enum. Hort. Berol. p. 341 (1821) ; Baker
in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. p. 528 (1875).
GoLUNGO Alto. — A small tree 8 ft. high, palm-like, not branched.
Without flower. Molemba Alta, Feb. 1H55. No. 3737-
The specimen consists only of two detached leaves, and the deter-
mination is doubtful.
2. D. parviflora Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2. i., p. 252
(1878); Durand t Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 329.
GoLUNGo Alto. — A tree 20 to 35 ft. high, dichotomously branched,
branches erect-spreading, sometimes almost erect, leaves in a palm-
like crown ; flower-panicles or thyrsi hanging from the top of the
trunk or branches. By streams in the more lofty woods of Sobato
de Qiieta and Quilombo-Quiacatubia. With unripe fruit Zenzas do
Queta 20 Feb. 1850. Native name Calunga. No. 3739. 20 to 30 ft.,
with suberect branches. By streams on the Alta mountains, but
sporadic and rarely flowering. Leaves picked in August 1855. No. 3740.
3. D. fragrans Gawl. Bot. Mag. t. 1081 (1808) ; Baker in Journ.
Linn. Soc, I.e., p. 529 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 327.
PuxGo AxDOXGo. — A small tree 8 to 12 ft., rarely higher, palm-
like, lower part of trunk marked with the scars of fallen leaves, leafy
towards the top, sparsely branched. Flowers white-rose-coloured, very
fragrant. With a few fl. June 1857. No. 3738.
4. D. nitens Welw. ex Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e. ; Durand
& Schinz, I.e., p. 328.
GoLUNGO Alto. — A small tree 7 to 10 ft. high, with slender stem.
Leaves leathery, shiny, densely crowded at the tops of the branches.
Flowers whitish to reddish. Primitive woods between Calolo and
Muria, and on the river Lucemuria. In fl. Sept 1854. No. 3742.
Zenza do Golungo Alto. — Stem 5-7-9 ft. high, 2 iu. thick, with
a few spreading branches at the top. Leaves a shiny green above,
paler beneath. Flowers scented, subfleshy, white-purplish. Plentiful
in rocky tall thicket-grown mountainous places near the boundary of
Golungo Alto. In. fl. Sept. 1857. No. 3743.
Pungo Andoxgo. — A small slender branched tree, with leathery
conspicuously shining leaves. Mata de Pungo, without fl. ; Dec. 1856.
No. 3741.
5. D. acaulis Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e. ; Durand & Schinz,
I.e., p. 325.
GoLUXGO Alto.— Perennial with a thick (i to 1 in.), diffusely
branched, woody, tough rhizome, and leathery evergreen leaves 2 to
6 ft. long ; flower-scapes with spreading branches, and scaly base,
arising laterally at the base of the leaves. In the more lofty woods
and on the banks of streams, in the mountains of Alto Queta and
Cungulungolo. By the cataract on the river Cuanza. In fl. July
1855. No. 3752. Cataract on the river Coango April 185G. No. 3753.
6. D. camerooniana Baker in Journ. Bot. 1874, p. 1G6.
D. interrupta Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e. ; Durand ct Scliinz,
I.e., p. 328.
48 XI. LiLiACE^E. [Di'accena
PuNOO Andongo. — A half-climbing shrub 3 to 4 ft. high. Flowers
white with a very pleasant smell. Plentiful but seen in this one place
only in primitive woods on the bank of the river Lombe. In fl. Mai'ch
1857. No. 3748.
7. D. monostacliya Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e. ; Durand &
Schinz, I.e.
Prince's Island. — Berry trilobed, lobes united at the base, spread-
ing Stella tely above, scarlet. Rather damp herb-grown primitive
woods, not far from the sea, sporadic. In fr. Sept. 1853. No. 3744.
GoLUXGO Alto. — An acaulescent herb, perennial with a hard woody
rhizome, which like its fibres has an orange-vermilion colour ; leaves
long-sheathing, dry and leathery ; scape central, a span to a foot long.
Flowers . . . Fruit of three ovate-oblong scarlet one-seeded berries
united stellately at the base and spreading above. Seed white elliptical
very hard and bony. A liliaceous herb resembling Pontederia in habit
and Sansevieria in fruit. Higher parts of Mata de Quisuculo ; with a
single fruit. 29 April 185G. No. 3745. A herb 1 to 2 ft. high, with
horizontal tuber-bearing rhizome, root-fibres a fine vermilion-orange,
as in DrarjMmi Draco. Rather rai'e, by streams in primitive woods,
Quisuculo, Sobato Bango. With unripe fr. Sept. 1855. No. 3746.
Mata de Quisuculo without fl. or fr. August 1857. No. 3747-
A plant of very doubtful affinity, placed by Baker next to his
D. Afzelii, from which however it is totally different in habit. As
moreover Welwitsch's specimens bear no flowers and the Afzelius
specimen has no fruit, the two species have nothing in common.
Tribe iv. ASPHODELE^.
7. BULBINE L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 784.
1. B. asphodeloides Spreng. Syst. ii. p. 85 (1825) ; Baker in
Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 345, in Trans. Linn. Soc, ser, 2. i.
p. 261 ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 336.
PuNUO Andoxgo. — An Anthericum-\\\iQ herb, with erect leaves and
scape. Rather plentiful in open woods near Pedras de Guinga. In fr.
Jan. 1857. No. 3775. Leaves cylindrical, hollow, scapes branched,
erect. Woods near Guinga March 1857. Coll. Carp. 1038. Welw.
Apont. p. 592, No. 114.
HuiLLA.— A superb plant with deep yellow almost golden flowers.
In more open rather sandy woods consisting chiefly of species of Proted,
Parinarhnn and Ca-.salpinia, between Lopollo and Monino. In fl. and
unripe fr. Dec. 1859. No. 3774.
8. SCHIZOBASIS Baker; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 786.
L S. angolensis Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2. i. p. 255
(1878); Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 338.
Adenotheca aphylla Welw. ex Baker, I.e.
PuNGo Andongo. — A plant with a solid bulb, white inside, juicy
and fleshy, viscid, generally whitish-green outside, 1 to H in. in
diameter ; a number of them generally crowded in the crevices of
the rocks. Stem 1 to 2 ft., leafless, dichotomou.sly branched above,
setaceous, generally hanging loosely on the cliffs, but more erect when
flowering. Flowers scattered, white-greenish, borne laxly on the
uppermost branches, peduncles sheathed at the base with whitish-
Schizohasis] xi. liliace/E. 49
reddish bracts. Perianth G-partite to the base, ovate-campanulate,
narrowing and equal at the mouth, greenish-white, narrowing
pyramidally after flowering ; stamens (3, included, equal, inserted on the
base of the segments ; filaments white, flattened, somewhat dilated at
the base ; anthers large, ovate, introrse, dorsifixed, dehiscing longi-
tudinally. Ovary oblong, triquetrous, bearing a yellow linear-oblong
gland between the angles. Style rather long, central, stigma truncate.
Plentiful in rocky places near springs on the prsesidium, growing with
Orchids and Asclepiads, especially round Catete and Luxillo. In leaf
and fr. Nov. 1857. Nos. 3866, 3867. Bulbs with stems were not
infrequently found from Oct. to May. Welwitsch saw flowers only in
specimens cultivated in Golungo Alto in August 1857.
9. ERIOSPERMUM Jacq. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.
p. 786.
1. E. stenophyllum Welw. ex Baker in Trans. Linn. See. ser. 2.
i. p. 261 (1878); Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 341.
PuNGd Andongo. — Tuber fairly large, depressed, fibrous at the lower
margin, flesh not blood-red as in the remaining species. Perianth sul-
phur-coloured, connivent, reddish at the hooded apex. Sandy thicket-
grown meadows on the banks of the Cuanza near Candumba, where
tubers with leaves were picked in March 1857. Flowered in Welwitsch's
Loanda garden 2'J Nov. 1858, and middle of April 1859. No. 3758.
2. E. andongense Welw. ex Baker, I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, l.c.^
p. 339.
PuNGO Andongo. — An acaulescent herb with a large depressed
hemispherical or hemispherico-conical tuber, flattened beneath, with
fibril- bearing margin, and blood-rose-red flesh, giving off after the
flowers have withered a solitary oblong or elliptical, fleshy-leathery very
stiff leaf narrowing into a petiole, and suberect or obliquely spreading.
Scape 1 to 2 spans or a foot, with a short convolute leaf -like bract,
cylindrical, green, polished, generally twisted, passing into a raceme
2 to 4 in. long. Flowers with elongated peduncles bracteate at the base,
sulphur-yellow. Perianth 6-partite, at first urceolate-campanulate,
open when mature, soon closing again, lobes more or less obovate-
spathulate, sulphur-yellow with a median purple nerve, apex inflexed,
hooded, subequal both in length and breadth ; stamens 6 on the base
of the segments and shorter than them, those opposite the outer seg-
ments the shorter. Anthers oblong-cordate, emarginate, erect, ripening
successively. Ovary ovate-trigonous, style obsoletely trigonous, straight;
stigma very minutely muriculate. Mature fruit not seen. Plentiful
in thickets and open woods near Caghuy and elsewhere round the
prassidium. Tuber and leaves found in Nov. 1856 ; also plentiful in
sandy-clayey thickets between the streams Casalale and Miege, in leaf
Dec. 1850. Flowers examined at the end of Nov. 1867 in own garden
at Loanda. No. 3757.
For information as to the flowers we depend entirely upon Wel-
witsch's description given above ; there are none on the herbarium
specimens, and he himself says, ''I have looked in vain for the
flowering scape in the herbarium."
3. E. flexuosum Welw. ex Baker, I.e., ; Durand & Schinz, I.e.,.
p. 340.
HuiLL.\. — Plentiful in rather damp pastures between Humpata and
Lopcllo. Beginning of Nov. 1859. No. 3760.
VOL. II. 4
50 XI. LiLiACE^. [Eriospermwn
4. E. paludosum Baker, I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e.
PuNCiO Andongo. — A herb with compact tuber, bearing long fibres,
with a blood-red-purple flesh ; leaves leathery, glaucous-green, appressed
to the earth ; scape a span high, flowers yellow. Plentiful in marshy
places from Candumba and Mutollo to Quisonde. In fl. Jan. and
March 1857. No. 3761.
5. E. ophioglossoides Welw. ex Baker, I.e., p. 2G2 ; Durand &
Schinz, I.e.
HuiLLA. — Flowers a washed-out yellow, with dull puq^le nerves,
pedicels rather stiff. Leaves somewhat fleshy glaucous-green. B,ather
damp pastures with short herbage ; LopoUo, in one place only but
plentiful there. In fl. and fr. Nov. 1859. No. 3759. Rather damp
pastures near Humpata and Lopollo. Beginning of Dec. 1859. No. 3763.
Material insufticient for specific determination.
PuNGO Andongo. — Tuber a violet-purple inside. Plentiful in sandy
pastures near Quitage. In leaf end of March 1857, No. 3762.
10. ACROSPIRA Welw. ex Baker; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen.
PI. iii. p. 787.
1. A. asphodeloides Welw. ex Baker in Trans. Linn. 8oc. ser. 2.
i. p. 255 (1878); Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 341.
PuNGO Andoncu). — A genus near A)ithericum, but differing in its
divided stem, filaments broadly dilated at the base, anthers spirally
rolled at the apex, triquetrous-lobed ovary, etc. A herb with a tuber-
ous root, tubers broadly depressed as big as a fist, arranged in a monili-
form series ; stem 6 to 8 or even 9 ft., orange, hard and woody, erect ;
leaves 3 to 4 radical, erect, 2 to 4 ft. long, scarcely 1 in. broad, linear to
lanceolate, long-acuminate, channelled, distichously sheathing at the
base, and folded for some distance upwards, somewhat acutely carinate,
subglaucous and subrigid. Stem clothed to the base of the inflores-
cence with dry reduced sheath-like leaves. Inflorescence pyrami-
-dately racemose, 1 to 1^ ft. long, once or twice branched at the base.
Flowers in small somewhat remote racemes of 2 to 5 ; bracts scarious,
red-nerved. Perianth petaloid, lobes subfleshy, white with a purple
keel, the outer a little broader, all of equal length, erect to spreading
at flowering time. Stamens a little shorter than the perianth, anthers
linear-lanceolate erect, with sagittate base, bilocular, loculi polliniferous
at the apex, which becomes bent and finally spirally rolled, filled in
the middle and below with a waxy viscid non-fertile substance. Ovary
sessile, ovate-oblong, 3-locular. Style filiform, deflexed-ascending,
slightly thickened towards the apex, ending in a small thick brush-like
stigmatic head. Plentiful on the higher rocks of the praisidium, at
Pedra Songue and at the great cataract of the river Cuanza near
Condo. In fl. March and April 1857. Nos. 3777, 3778, 3779.
11. ANTHERICUM L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 778.
1. A. andongense Baker in Trans. Linn, See. ser. 2. i. p. 257
(1878) ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 341.
PuNGO Andongo. — A perennial herb, with a fibro-tuberous root,
erect, acaulescent. Leaves subrigid and somewhat fleshy. Flowers
white. Marshes near Candumba on the river Cuanza, Jan. 1857.
No. 3797- Sandy damp woods between Luxillo and Cazella. In fl.
and fr. Jan. 1857. No. 3798.
Anthericuni] xi. liliace.e. 51
2. A. dissitiflorum Baker, I.e. ; Durand & Sc-hinz, I.e., p. 343.
PuNGO AxDox(ic). — A tuberous herb, tubers with long fibres which
are again tuberously swollen. Flowers white. Plentiful in damp
pastures near Condo. March 1857. No. 3781.
Scarcely more than a dwarf variety of .1. andonf/ense Baker.
3. A. tenellum Welw. ex Baker, I.e., p. 256 ; Dui-and & Schinz,
I.e., p. 347.
HuiIjLA. — Sometimes growing singly, sometimes rather widely
csespitose. Flowers whitish. Rather damp somewhat sandy thinly
thicket-grown pastures near the base of Morro de Monino and on the
more lofty heights of Morro de Lopollo. With fl. and unripe fr. Dec.
1859. No. 3796.
4. A. calyptrocarpum Baker, I.e., p. 258 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e.,
p. 342.
HuiLLA. — Flowers whitish with broad dull purple nerves, perianth
marcescent adhering to the mature capsule, its apex closely twisted
into a style-like process, finally split round the base of the ripe capsule
by the spreading valves and separating like a calyptra. Seeds black,
minute, flattened, quadrate or triangular. Rocky pastures which are
flooded in the rainy season between Mumpulla and Lopollo. Almost
past flowering, end of Dec. 1859. No. 3786.
5. A. ustulatum Welv?. ex Baker, I.e.; Durand & Schinz, I.e.,
p. 348.
PuNGO Andoxgo. — Boggy sunny wooded places at Mutollo. With
a few fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 3800.
HuiLLA.— Pastures flooded in the rainy season, now dry. In fl. and
fr. April 18G0. No. 3801.
6. A. benguellense Baker, I.e., p. 257 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e.,
p. 342.
HuiLLA. — Flowers whitish streaked with dull purple : rather
fugacious. Plentiful in open woods and shady pastures round Lopollo
and Humpata. In fl. and fr. Jan 1860. No. 3794.
7. A. limosum Baker, I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 345.
Bakka do Bexgo. — A herb a foot high, with tuberous fibrous root,
fibres somewhat fleshy. Leaves subrigid, lanceolate-linear with long
distichous sheaths, falcate, green, deeply channelled, acutely keeled,
longitudinally striate especially beneath, long-acuminate, exceeding
the scape. Scape sharply two-edged, branched at the top. Perianth
spreading, white ; filaments flattened, anthers linear-cordate basifixed,
loculi broad with a narrow marginal dehiscence, pollen greenish-yellow.
Ovary oblong very obtusely trigonous. Style elongated, slightly
curved, white, filiform ; stigma with a small papillose head. Pedicels
jointed at J their length. Flowers horizontally nodding. Very rare
in dried-up mud after the floods, from Quicuxe on the way to Cacuaco.
In fl. beginning of Aug., without fl. Sept. 1858. No. 3803. Without
fl. 7 Feb. 1859. No. 3804.
8. A. orehideum Welw. ex Baker, I.e., p. 258 ; Durand & Scliinz,
I.e., p. 346.
HuiLLA. — A herb with the habit of an orchid, growing suIj-
Cffispitosely, a foot high, erect, root of fascicled fibres, filipendulous.
Flowers whitish. Somewhat rare in rather damp grassy places at the
base of Serra de Monino. In fl. Jan. 1860. No. 3806.
52 XI. LiLiACE^. [Anihericuni
9. A. arenarium Baker, I.e., p. 259 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 342.
PuNGO Andoxgo. — An acaulescent herb with a fibrous root, fibres
filipendulous. Leaves rigidly coriaceous. Rather rare in sandy thickets
between Candumba and Lombe. In fr. March 1857. No. 3802-
10. A. pterocaulon Welw. ex Baker, I.e., p. 258; Durand &
Schinz, I.e., p. 346.
PuNGo Andoxgo. — A herb 6 ft. high, with erect flattened two-edged
scape. Flowers white. Thicket-grown woods between Calundo and
Pedras de Guinga. Only one specimen March 1857. No. 3795.
11. A. filiforme Thunb. Prodr. PI. Capens. p. 62 (1794).
A. elongatumW iWd. Sp. PL ii. p. 136 (1799). A. Jacquinianum
Scbult. f. Syst. vii. p. 462 (1829); Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv.
p. 308, in Trans. Linn. Soc, Z.c.,p. 259 ; Durand & Schinz,?.c.,p. 344.
HuiLLA. — Flowers whitish. Root-fibres very fleshy and brittle.
Saudy rather damp scantily herb-grown places near Humpata. A
single specimen, in fl. Jan. 1860. No. 3787. Flowers whitish, fugacious,
pedicels jointed. Somewhat rare, in pastures near Ferrao da Sola.
In fl. and unripe fr. Feb. 1860. No. 3799.
Var. affine Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc, I.e. ; in Ti-ans. Linn.
Soc, I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e.
PuNGO AxDONGo. — A herb with the habit of an Asphodel or small
Aiithericum, perennial by a fleshy fibrous fascicled root ; leaves rather
flaccid, spreading, scape oblique or somewhat straight. Flowers white
with purple lines. Very plentiful in boggy meadows on the banks of
the river Cuanza near Candumba ; Jan. and March 1857, in fl. and fr.
Flowers white streakt^d with red. In marshy meadows between Condo
and Quisonde ; in fl. March 1857. No. 3789.
Yar. longifolium Rendle, var. nov.
Leaves long narrow-linear with a long tapering apex, shortly
hairy, exceeding the simple raceme, fruit-stalk stout and sharply
reflexed.
PuxGO Andoxgo. — A herb with fleshy root-fibres, suberect leaves
with spreading hairs and whitish purple- or red-streaked flowers. More
lofty heights of Serra de Pedras de Guinga, In fl. and fr. Jan. 1857.
No. 3788. Dampish rocky places, Barranco de Lutete. In fl. Jan.
1857. No. 3790.
Var. pyrenicarpum Rendle.
A. jyyrenicarpum Welw. ex. Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e. ;
Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 347.
Very near var. long i folium, but a smaller plant with a very
stout scape.
HuiLLA. — A tuberous pilose acaulescent herb, leaves suberect, sub-
fleshy, compressed, long-acuminate, erect, scapes 1 to 2 radical, lateral,
ascending, half as long as the leaves. Flowers white, open from 10 a.m.
till 4 p.m., with purple lines on the outside ; fruit a capsule ; peduncles
reflexed in the fruiting stage. Damp pastures between Humpata and
Gambas. In fl. and fr. Jan. 18G0. No. 3791.
12. A. moUe Baker, I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 346.
PuNGo Andongo. — Leaves plantagineous ; flowers white. Sunny
rocky places throughout the whole prjesidium. In fl. Nov. to Dec.
1856. No. 37eC.
Chloroph/tum'\ xi. LiLiACEyE. 53
12. CHLOROPHYTUM Ker; Benth. t Hook. f. Gen. PL iii.
p. 788.
Das>/stachys Baker ; Benth. & Hook, f., I.e., p. 789.
Sect. 1. EUCHLOROPHYTUM.
1. C. Afzelii Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 323 (1876) ;
Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 349.
GoLUNGO Alto. — No. 3776. By streams in rather shady places,
Queta, Zengas. April. Coll. Cahi'. 1045.
2. C. hispidulum Rendle, sp. nov.
An acaulescent herb, perennial by means of a tuberovis rhizome
bearing long subfleshy or string-like spreading fibrous roots ;
leaves 2 or more, radical, rigid, leathery, spreading, with a broad
sheathing base and a long rather broad linear concave petiole, pass-
ing very gradually into a narrowly oval acute blade ; both faces of
blade conspicuously many-nerved, upper face glabrous, nerves of
under side and the back of the petiole densely minutely hispidulous ;
scapes simple or once branched, springing from among, and much
shorter than the leaves, stoutish, and similarly hispidulous,
with a submembranous acuminate basal bract, and a few short
ovate triangular bracts above, the axis and branch each ending
in a short dense oblong subcompound head of shortly stalked
subglobose bluntly triquetrous fruits ; capsules loculicidally
dehisced, valves rough and hispidulous outside, polished and
faintly horizontally striate on the inside, edges thick and recurving;
seeds a dull polished black, with rounded backs and deeply grooved
ventral surfaces.
Leaves 9 to 14 in. long, including 2 to 4 in, of petiole, petiole
2 to 3 lines broad, blade li to 1^ in. broad; scape 1^ to 2^ in.
long, inflorescence (in fruiting stage) about 1 in. by 7 to 8 lines
thick. Capsules scarcely i in. long ; seeds scarcely 1 line. I have
seen no flowers, but the plants look so distinct that I have ven-
tured to describe them as a new species of the Canna'folia section
characterised by its tough long-stalked narrow leaves, short simple
or forked scape, and short dense hispidulous indumentum.
PuNGo AxDONGO. — Gravelly soil in wooded places between Candumba
and Mangue. With opened fr. March 1857. No. 2805.
3. C. macropliylluni Aschers. in Schweinf . Beitr. Fl. Aeth. p. 294
(1867) (nomen) ; Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc , ser. 2. i. p. 259
(1878); Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 351.
C. leiicolepis Welw. ex Baker, I.e.
PuxGO AxDOXGo. — A herb, perennial with a fascicled fibrous root
and very broad linear radical leaves, 3 to 4 ft. long, fleshy-coriaceous,
herbaceous-green, channelled and very obtusely carinate. Scapes
centi'al, H to 3 feet or higher, cylindric, bracts linear- lanceolate,
semiamplexicaul at the base, whitish-green. Flowers very sweet.
Perianth spreading, leaves equal, lanceolate, subobtuse, a fine white.
Filaments filiform, subcompressed. Anthers bright yellow, long,
narrowly lanceolate, sul3sagittate,dorsifixed. Ovary obovate-triquetrous,
angles obtuse, furrowed ; style declinate ascending, stigma with a
small finely fibrillar head. The very long bracts are coherent at the
54 XI. LiLiACE^. [Chlorojihytum
top of the scape, forming a whitish petaloid crown. Eather rare, in
rock-crevices near springs, and by streams on the priesidium. In fl.
24 Dec. 185G. Kather rare in Barranco de Catete ; in fl. Jan. 1857.
No. 3771.
4. C. filipendulum Baker, I.e., p. 260 ; Durand k Schinz, I.e.,
p. 350.
GoLUNGo Alto. — A succulent acaulescent herb. Leaves broadly-
lanceolate, long-acuminate, with a broad sheathing base, shining above,
pale beneath, longitudinally striate on each face ; root-fibres rather
fleshy. Scape lateral, scarcely exceeding the larger leaves, cylindrical,
with one or two spreading branchlets. Inflorescence racemose, bracts
acuminate, subtending 1, 2, or 3 flowers, and hiding their pedicels.
Perianth milk-white, segments partly closed valvately before, during
and after pollination. Stamens G, rather broad, anthers cordate-
lanceolate, attached in the basal sinus, dehiscing longitudinally and
introrsely ; style cylindric, almost exceeding the perianth-segments,
stigma papillate. Ovary trigonous, 3-Iocular, seeds black, angled.
Shady places by streams, Queta mountains ; a single specimen with
almost withered flowers found Dec. 1853. No. 3776-
5. C. lancifolium Welw. ex Baker, I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e.,
p. 351.
PuNGO Andongo. — A herb with a fibrous root, fibres fleshy and
thickened. Leaves with long reddish channelled petioles, blade grass-
green. Perianth whitish-green. Stamens straight. Stigma slightly
capitellate. Shady places by cataracts on the rocks of the presidium.
Scarcely in full fl. end of Nov. 185G. No. 3772. Shady woods by
streams between Quisonde and Condo. In fr. March 1857. No. 3773.
6. C. andongense Baker, I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 349.
PuNGO Andongo. — Flowery white. Thicket-grown rocks on all the
great clifi"s of the prsesidium. In fl. Dec. 1856, in fr. Jan. 1857.
No. 3770.
7. C. debile Baker, I.e. ; Durand it Schinz, I.e., p. 350.
AMLiRiz. — A herb, perennial by a fibrous filipendulous root, leaves
subfleshy, glaucous-green, scapes ascending, flowers white, subfleshy.
Eocks between Ambriz and Quisembo. Nov. 1858. No. 3769.
8. C. stenopetalum Baker in Journ. Linn. Sec. xv. p. 331 (1876),
in Trans. Linn. See, I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 352.
C. hraeteosum Welw. ex Baker in Trans. Linn. See, I.e.
HuiLLA. — ^A perennial acaulescent herb with a fleshy fibrous rhiz-
ome, densely leafy at the base, leaves lanceolate, closely veined, erect,
partly plicate. Flowers whitisli -yellow, in a simple raceme, more
rarely once to twice branched, almost entirely covered by the bracts.
Style straight, stigma truncate not capitellate. Eather rare in little
i'j-o^^a-woods near Lopollo. In fl. and unripe fr. end of Dec. 1859.
No. 3768.
Sect. 2. — Dasystachys.
9. C. pleiostachyum Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 352,
Dasystachys pleiostacliya Baker in Trans Linn. Soc, I.e., p. 255.
Anthericuvi "i 'pleiostacliytmi Welw. ex Baker, I.e.
PuNGo Andongo. — A subglaucous herb 3 to 4 ft. high ; bulb large
wrinkled, many-fibred, compact, mealy-white inside. Stem straight
Chlorophytum'] XI. LILIACE.E. 55
almost covered from the base to the middle with the lanceolate-linear,
erecto-patulous, channelled, obtusely keeled, glaucous, long-sheathing
leaves, simple or once branched, cylindrical, ending in a simple (or with
a small basal branch) spike. Flowers white, very shortly stalked,
provided at the base with two alternating white petaloid bracts,
with a concave base, the inner cuplike. Perianth-segments equal, a
splendid white, apex spotted with green on the outside, conniving into
a tube up to maturity. Stamens with very thinly membranous
flattened filaments slightly dilated at the base, as long as the perianth,
anthers exserted at maturity and soon dropped, lanceolate-linear, sub-
obtuse, attached in the emarginate base, introrse. Ovary lobed-trique-
trous, ovules numerous obovate, subangled, horizontal. Style filiform,
somewhat oblique ; stigma a small head. Very rare in deep-grassed
meadows near Sansamanda on the river Cuanza. 30 April 1857.
No. 3785.
10. C. falcatum Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. p. 161 (1892);
Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 350.
Dasystachys falccda Baker, I.e. Anthericum ? falcatum Welw.
ex Baker, I.e.
HuiLLA. — A herb with a moniliform tuber, leaves distichous, long-
sheathing, plicate, glaucescent, subfleshy, channelled, obtusely carinate,
falcate, lanceolate, acute with an undulate margin, scape central, 2 ft.
long, cylindrical, bearing at the top a 2 to 4 in. dense spike. Periantb-
segments subequal, thinly membranous, white, apex apiculate, sub-
cucullate. Filaments of stamens filiform, rather thick ; anthers
sagittate, basifixed. Style declinate, ascending, gradually passing into
the thinly papillose stigma. Ovary lobes obtuse, furrowed on the back.
Here and there on the high rocks (5500 ft.) of Morro de Lopollo. In
fl. Jan. 18G0.
Bumbo.— Open woods composed of " Unteate " {Copaiba Mopane
O. K.) between Bumbo and Bruco. In fr. Oct. 1859. No. 3793.
11. C. colubrinum Engl., I.e., p. 162; Durand & Schinz, I.e.,
p. 349.
Dasystachys coluhriim Baker, I.e., p. 256, t. 35, figs. 5-10.
Anthericum ? colubrinmn Welw. ex Baker, I.e.
HuiLLA. — Flowers whitish or streaked with purple. Plentiful, but
seen only in the place mentioned, in rocky pastures bearing short
herbage at Empalanca at about 5500 ft. high. In fl. and immature fr.
Jan. 1860. No. 3784.
12. C. campanulatum Engl., I.e., p. 161 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e.,
p. 349.
Dasystachys campanulata Baker, I.e., figs. 1 to 4. Campylandra
\ys Welw. ex Baker, I.e.
HuiLLA. — Flowers white. In deeply herb-grown meadows between
Lopollo and lake Ivant;11a. In fl. and fr. March 18G0. No. 3783.
13. C. sp.
PuNGO Andongo. — An acaulescent herb, with densely fibrous root,
and glaucous stiff thick and leathery leaves, longitudinally striate
beneath. Sandy places on the river Cuanza, Feb. 1857. Coll. Carp.
1047.
56 XI. LILIACE^. {Chlw'ophytum
The fragment included under the following number probably
belongs to this tribe : —
Mossamp:des. — A bulbous herb. More lofty sandy hills near Serra
do Monies Negros. In fr. August 1859. No. 3782.
A fragment with the remains of a branched scape bearing empty
loculicidally dehisced capsules.
Tribe v. ALLIEyE.
13. TULBAGHIA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 798.
1. T. sequinoctialis Welw. ex Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2.
i. p. 246 (1878) ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 355.
PuxGO Andongo. — Habit recalling that of Lmvnjum. Bulbous ;
leaves linear, subglaucescent, erect ; flowers horizontally nodding,
spathe 2-leaved, scarious. Corolla white, 6-fid, corona yellow. Rather
damp shady places near Banza do Soba Quitage. Single specimen in
fl. March 1857. No. 3754.
14. ALLIUM L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 802.
1. A. angolense Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2. i. p. 262 (1878);
Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 357.
GoLUNGO Alto. — Bulb narrowly conical, elongated, leaves hollow,
subulate, erect, glaucous-green. Scape hollow, a little inflated in the
middle, not at the base. Herb-grown places on the banks of the river
Quiapose near Terras de Bumba. In fl. May 1855. No. 3764.
Tribe vi. SCILLE^E.
15. DIPCADI Medic. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 809.
1. D. oxylobum Welw. ex Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2. i.
p. 246 (1878); Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 375.
PuNGO Andongo. — Flowers a cinnamon-red, subfleshy and subrigid,
outer segments acute. On the slopes bearing short herbage of the
huge rocks of the praesidium. In fl. Nov. 1856. No. 3714.
2. D. Welwitschii Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xi. p, 400 (1871),
in Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 376.
Uropetalmn Welwitschii Baker in Saund. Refug. Bot. t. 16 (1868).
HuiLLA.— A bulbous herb, with 1 to 2 channelled subglaucous
leaves ; scape 1 ft. long, slender, erect, flowers in a secund raceme,
nodding, greenish, outer perianth-segments far exceeding the inner.
Capsules obtusely triquetrous or rather trigastrous, while ripening at
first almost pendulous, then nodding, or spreading horizontally ; when
quite ripe more or less erect. The leaves of plants growing in rocky
places or on poor soil are very narrow and channelled right to the tip,
in rather damp places are broader and almost quite flat from the
middle to the apex. Herb-grown thickets near Lopollo, but rarer
than the rest of the species ; Nov. and Dec. 1859. No. 3715. A herb
with the 'habit of a Hyacinth, flowers somewhat nodding, green,
capsules subpendulous, obtusely trigastrous, stem one-leaved. Thickets
near Huilla, Nov. 1859. No. 3716.
Very near the last species.
Dipcadi] xi. liliace.e. 57
3. D. lateritium Welw. ex Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e., p. 247 ;
Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 374.
HriLLA. — Leaves a foot long, erecto-falcate, linear, long-acuminate,
channelled, glaucous-green, with very long sheaths. Flowers a fine
brick-red. On the rocky heights of Morro de Monino in the LopoUo
district. In fl. and unripe fr. March 18G0. No, 3717.
4. D. comosum Welw. ex Baker, I.e., t. 34, figs. 1 to 3 ; Durand
& Schinz. I.e.
HriLLA. — Bulb depressed hemispherical, scales bright crimson, with
bulbils at the base, and bearing strong white fibrils in the centre ;
scape 3 to 4 ft., more rarely 5 ft., cylindrical, firm, raceme 1| to 2 ft
long, with an elongated comose apex, 30- to 40-flowered. Flowers the
colour of D. scroti nmn, nodding up to maturity ; outer perianth -seg-
ments in the lower flowers a little longer than the inner, in the upper
flowers much longer, elongate subulate ; inner segments of the upper-
most flowers aborted. Sandy rather drv thickets between Lopollo and
Catumba. In fl. 15 April 1860. No. 3732.
16. ALBUCA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 809.
Sect. 1. — Falconera.
1. A. myogaloides Welw. ex Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2.
i. p. 250 (1878) ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 379.
Httilla. — Bulb ovate as big as a hen's egg, scales pale reddish-
yellow ; leaves lanceolate with a broader sheathing base, channelled,
very long-acuminate, subglaucous green somewhat flaccid at flowering-
time. Scape cylindrical ending in a few-flowered raceme. Outer
perianth-segments spreading, inner erect with a hooked tip, all white
with a median green band. Outer stamens flat sterile,* inner with a
broad winged base. Style triangular, deeply trisulcate, stigma trigonous,
finely papillose. Bulb a tawny yellow inside. Rocky heights of Morro
de Monino, April ISiiO. No. 3840.
2. A. monophylla Baker, I.e., p. 251 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e.
A . juncifolia Welw. ex Baker, I.e. (non Baker).
PuNGo Andoxgo. — A fleshy succulent bulb, white inside and out.
Leaf solitary, sheathing, deeply channelled at the base, glaucous like
the scape, from middle to apex cylindrical subulate. Scape cylindrical,
about half as long as the leaf. Flowers yellow, somewhat nodding.
Inner perianth-segments erect, a little shorter than the outer, thickened
and hooked at the apex. Filaments all fertile, broadly winged at the
base. Style angled, gradually passing into a finely papillose stigma.
Rather rare on the rocky heights of the presidium, at Pedras de
Cabondo. In fl. 17 April 1857 (one specimen only). Rocks of Cabondo,
beginning of June 1857. No. 3838.
Sect. 2. — Pallastema.
3. A. galeata Welw. ex Baker, I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 378.
Zenza do Golungo. — A herb with an ovate-conical bulb, root-
fibres numerous long, scales dark-coloured, marcescent. Scape H to
* This is at any rate not usual ; the outer stamens have smaller anthers,
as Baker states, but that these are poUiniferous is shown by examination
of the specimen.
58 XI. LiLiACE^. [Albuca
2h ft., straight, radical leaves erect, long-sheathing, channelled, linear-
acuminate, a splendid green, longitudinally striate. In the flowering
stage the leaves are short (scarcely 3 in. long) subulately convolute
and glaucous, afterwards 2 to 3 ft. long, j in. broad, bright green and
rather flat. Flowers scarcely scented, segments whitish-green, with a
yellowish tinge, with a broad green median longitudinal band, bracts
long and narrowly acuminate from a broad sheathing base, white to
purplish ; corolla almost bilabiate, the inner uppermost segment
helmet-like enclosing 3 stamens closely appressed to its surface ; the
other three stamens look downwards but are free, not appressed to
the corresponding segments. Stamens all fertile, filaments broadly
Avinged at the base, almost covering the ovary. Style columnar,
symmetrical, obtusely trigonous, green, gradually narrowing above into
an obsoletely trilobulate yellow stigma. Rocky mountain thickets
near Quicanda. Sept. 1857. No. 3837.
4. A. subspicata Baker, I.e., Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 380.
HriLLA. — Flowers whitish- green. Lofty rocks of Morro de
Monino ; rather rare. April 1860. No. 3839.
5. A. chlorantha Welw. ex Baker, I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e.,
p. 378.
PuNGo AxDONGo. — Herb with a globose bulb, scape leafy at base,
erect ; flowers greenish, fleshy. Thickets on the river Cuanza near
Quibinda and near Condo. Flowers greenish, tawny yellow when
dried. Grassy thickets between Lombe and Quibinda. March 1857.
No. 3835.
6. A. angolensis Welw. Apont. p. 591 (1859) ; Baker in Saund.
Eefug. Bot. t. 336 (1872), in Journ. Linn. See. xiii. p. 290, in
Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 377.
A. ahyssinica Welw. ex Baker in Gai'd. Chron. 1872, p. 392 (non
Dryand.).
GoLUNGo Alto. — Grassy slopes (Senil) on the heights of AltaQueta
but not plentiful. In fl. middle of April 1855. A bulbous herb 5 to
7 ft. high with large sulphur-coloured flowers. Coll. Carp. 1035.
Cazengo. — Dry plains between Dalatanda and the river Caringa,
but rather rare, June 1855.
HuiLLA. — A herb 3 to 5 ft. high ; flowers yellow with broad red
bands, erect-spreading, sporadic but plentiful in deeply herb-grown
rather damp meadows between LopoUo and the river. Dec. 1859,
Feb. 1860. No. 3836.
The material under the following number.s is insufficient for
specific determination : —
Zenza do Golungo. — A bulbous plant with habit of Sc/Ha or
Urginea. Flowers, almost entirely over, white-purplish. Arid hills
with scanty shade between Calolo and Calumguembo. Sept. 1857.
No. 3755.
MossAMKDES. — Several bulbs were collected, but lost during the
rebellion of the Munani. Plentiful in sandy places by the sea between
Mossamedes and Praia da Amelia. With split fr. Aug. 1859. No. 3841.
PuXGO Andoxgo. — A small bulbous herb with grassy radical leaves.
Marsh pastures covered with short herbage at MutoUo at the foot of
the Serra de Pedras de Guinga. Without fl., but with fr. and seed
Jan. 1857. No. 3842. A bulbous acaulescent plant 2 in. high, with
Albuca] XI. LILIACE/E. 59-
linear radical leaves ; seeds flattened. Mutollo, Jan. 1857. Coll.
Carp. 104G.
PuNGO Andcjn'go. — Bulb large, tunicate, leaves linear, a foot long,
channelled, suberect, scape branched. With scape and broken fruits,
found in Tunda Quilombe on the praBsidium Oct. 1850, subsequently
bearing buds but no flowers in the garden at Golungo. No. 3845.
HuiLLA. — A bulbous herb with no leaves and a fruit-bearing almost
dead scape. End of Jan. 1860. No. 1049.
17. URGINEA Steinh. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 810.
Sect. 1. — Squilla.
1 . U. psilostachya Welw. ex Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2.
i. p. 247 (1878); Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 383.
Cazengo. — Bulb ovate-conical, as big as a fist and sometimes
larger, semi-epigpeal, scales broadly ovate of web-like filaments as in
U. maritiiiia, concave, laxly imbricate, herbaceous-green. A number of
bulbs, 12 to 15, old and young, are generally crowded together in small
heaps. Leaves only properly developed after fruit is ripe, erect (very
like those of U. maritirna), 1 to H ft., broadly linear, shortly acuminate,,
■with a subulate mucro, succulent-coriaceous, rather rigid, bright green
above, faintly transversely wrinkled, obtusely carinate below. Scape
3 to 4 ft., cylindrical, smooth, green, solid, springing with a tuft of
leaves from the centre of the bulb, raceme 2 spans and longer, some-
times almost 2 ft. Bracts violet, a little way from the pedicel,
with a saccate spur. Perianth -segments recurved, white, with a her-
baceous-green basal nerve. Stamens thin or flattened subulate, anthers
pale yellowish, cordate-oblong. Ovary conical, obscurely G-angular,
yellowish-green, ovules numerous horizontal. Style thick, triquetrous,
whitish ; stigma obtusely trigonous, after pollination trifoliolate or
trilobed. Dry thickets in sandy soil on the right of the river Luinha,.
bulbs and leaves Dec. 1854. Fl. August 1855. No. 3807.
PuNGo Andongo. — Leaves bifarious, arcuately spreading, thick,
glaucous subobtuse. A bulb with leaves near Candumba March 1857,.
which afterwards flowered sparsely in Welwitsch's Golungo garden
4 August, 1857. A unique specimen. No. 3808.
Sect. 2. — Albucopsis.
2. U. comosa Welw. ex Baker, I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 38L
Huilla. — A bulbous herb, with lorate broadly linear channelled
acuminate leaves, and a glaucous scape 3 to 4 ft. long with a terminal
raceme 1 to H ft., scape cylindrical, axis of raceme channelled, poly-
gonous. Flowers numerous, greenish, including the anthers. Filaments
all flattened, gradually decreasing upwards from a broad base. Thicket-
groAvn and wooded rather damp pastures on the Huilla plain between
Lopollo and Monino. In fl. and fr. Dec. 1859 and Jan. 1860. No. 3815.
Wooded thicket-grown hills near Lopollo, Nov. 1859. Coll. Cauf. 82.
Mossamedes. — Bulb very large, ovate, leaves 2 to 3 ft. long, Ij in.
broad at the base, long-sheathing, appearing with the flowers. Scape
5 to 6 ft., ^ to 1 in. thick at the base. Raceme 1 to li ft., ending in a
dense conspicuous coma of sterile bracts. Perianth-segments oblong-
linear, with an obtuse slightly hooded apex ; stamens shorter, erect,
equal. Ovary obtusely trigonous, with truncate apex ; style firm white
triquetrous, scarcely exceeding the stamens and crowned with an
obtuse slightly papillose stigma. Capsule with 3 ventricose lobes^
60 XI. LiLiACE^. [Urgi7iea
depressed and truncate above, seeds horizontal, concave, compressed,
closely over-lapping downwards, black, shining. Sporadic in sandy
places at the river Bero, near Cavalheiros. In fi. and fr. June 1859.
No. 3814. July 1859. Coll. Carp. 1026.
3. U. chlorantha Welw. ex Baker, I.e., p. 248; Durand &
Schinz, I.e.
LoANDA. — Bulb ovate, white below a few ash-coloured tunics, fleshy,
with long fibres at the base. Leaves sheathing, equal in length to the
scape, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, subflaccid, glaucous-green, striate,
deeply channelled, very obtusely carinate, subcoriaceous, with dark
green spots at the base. Scape 3 to 4i ft., central, enveloped at
the base by the leaf-sheaths, raceme to f ft., ending in a coma of
greenish empty bracts. Pedicels bibracteate, lower ones sometimes
unibracteate, outer bract acuminate from a broad half -sheathing base
longer than the pedicel, the second inner or lateral, shorter, linear or
more rarely very shortly ovate-acuminate, both greenish. In fruit the
pedicels become much longer than the bracts. Perianth-segments
herbaceous-green with a membranous-white edge, oblong, subequal,
hooked at the tip, the outer 5-nerved, the inner 3-nerved, spreading-
reflexed at maturity Stamens equal, suberect, white, gradually
acuminate from a broadly winged base. Pollen yellowish- white ; style
and stigma whitish. Style straight, rather thick, obscurely trigonous,
gradually becoming clavate towards the apex, stigma obtuse, finely
papillose. Capsule trilobed almost to the axis, loculi turgid, oblong-
ellipsoid, seeds horizontally flattened in 2 series. In sandy herbaceous
shortly -grassed places, and among Mandioca plantations near Forte de
Penedo behind Loanda, with fl. and unripe fr. end of Nov. 1857.
Thicket-grown pastures near Penedo. In fl. and fr. end of Dec. 1857.
No. 3810. Coll. Carp. 1028. Sandy meadows in the littoral region
Dec. 1858. Coll. Carp. 1030. Praia de Concei§ao near Loanda, Dec.
1858. Coll. Carp. 1031.
Golungo Alto. — An autumnal plant with greenish flowers. On
once cultivated slopes between Sange and Bango. In fl. April 1855.
No. 3812. Bango, May 1856. Coll. Carp. 1033.
Ambaca. — 1 to 2 ft., with the habit of Ornithngalum ; flowers
greenish. In fr. Oct. 1856. Coll. Carp. 1032.
4. TJ. cepaefolia Welw. ms. in Herb.
Ornithogalimi cepcefolium Baker, I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e.
Pv,e.sembles the last species in habit. Separated from Ornitho-
galum by the slightly perigynous stamens and flattened seeds with
embryo nearly equal in length to the endosperm.
HuiLLA. — 1 to 2 ft. high ; stem scape-like sheathed by the leaves to
the middle, leaves erect, green, resembling those of Alliuin Cepu, having
the margins inrolled so that the leaf appears hollow ; flowers whitish-
green, capsules obtusely trigastrous. Here and there in sunny herb-
grown places on banks of streams near the river Monino and Lopollo,
Dec. 1869. No. 3816. A bulbous herb, stem leafy at the base, scape
elongated, flowers not seen, Lopollo, Feb. 1860. Coll. Carp. 1027.
The following numbers, which are represented by material in-
sufficient for certain determniation, should probably be inckided
in this species : —
PuNGO AxDONGO. — Flowers greenish. Sandy wooded places near
Urgiiiea] xi. liliace.*:. 61
Cazella between Pungo Andongo and Zamba. Oct. 1856. No. 3817.
Thicket-grown meadows near Sansamanda. March 1857. No. 3818-
LoANDA. — Flowers greenish-white. Pastures near Penedo. Oct.
1857. Coll. Carp. 1029.
Material insufficient for specific determination.
Cazengo.— End of Sept. 1855. Coll. Cari'. 1024. A single speci-
men with unripe fruit considered by Welwitsch to be a new species.
Puxcio Andongo. — A bulbous herb with erect scape, 3 ft. long.
Seeds flattened as in Vrghiea. Plentiful in damp meadows of thin
grass near Muta Lucala. With ripe fr. ; beginning of March 1857.
No. 3809.
Pungo Andongo. — Scape 2h ft. Flowers greenish. Slopes of
Serra de Pedras de Guinga. One specimen in 11. at the beginning of
Jan. 1857. No. 3811-
LoAND.A.. — Resembles Ornithogalum 2>yre.)iaicum. Represa do Ricardo.
Feb. 1854. Coll. Carp. 1034. '
MosSAMEDKS. — A bulbous plant, with scape 9 to 12 spans high and
greenish flowers. Cavalheiros July 1859. Coll. Carp. 1025.
Perhaps U. chlorantha Welw., though much farther south than the
present records for that species.
Zenza do Golungo. — Bulb ovate, large. Capsules winged trique-
trous ; seeds vertical, piano-compressed, black. Poor pastures between
Calanguculo and Quicanda. In fr. Sept. 1857. No. 3813.
Pungo Andongo. — Scantily grassed rocks of Tunda Quilombo.
Without fl. Nov. 185G. No. 3824^
18. SCILLA L.; Benth & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 814.
Subgen. 1. — Euscilla.
1. S. rigidifolia Kth. Euum. iv. p. 33U (1843).
S. hispidula Baker in Trans. Linu. Soc. ser. 2. i. p. 248 (1878);
Durand & Schinz, C'onsp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 392.
HuiLLA. — Bulbs large, solid, densely csespitosely gregarious,
yellowish, leaves rigid erect ; flowers white. Sunny thicket-grown
places on sandy-clayey soil near Banza de LopoUo. In fl. and fr.
Nov. 1859. No. 3830.
Baker places this next to his S. firmifuJia in his arrangement of the
genus (Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 237), but it is inseparable from the
somewhat polymorphic S. rigid/folia Kth.
Subgen. 2. — Ledebouria.
2. S. benguellensis Baker, I.e., p. 249 ; Durand t Schinz, I.e.,
p. 391.
HuiLLA. — Bulb large for the size of the plant ; a social plant. Sunny
rather sandy pastures near Lopollo. In fl. Nov. 1859. No. 3825.
3. S. polyphylla Baker, I.e. ; Durand k Schinz, I.e., p. 397.
Pungo Andongo.— A small bulbous herb, with habit of .S'. auiiim-
rialis L., several radical, erect, linear, channelled, subobtuse or shortly
acuminate, herbaceous-green leaves appearing with the flowers, scape
cylindrical, subfleshy, erect, ending in a lax raceme. Pedicels arcuately
spreading, violet and petaloid. Perianth campanulate, segments spread-
ing rotately from the middle, deep violet-purple, ventricose at the base,
62 XI. LiLiACE^. [Scilla
hooded at the apex. Stamens attached to the base of the segments,
subulate, scarcely dilated at the base, purple, exserted owing to the
wide spreading of the segments ; anthers violet, pollen yellowish-
green. Style filiform, somewhat arcuately deflexed ; stigma subobtuse,
papillosely capitellate. Eocky slopes of Tunda Quilombo on the
prsesidium. Sandy places near Candumba densely crowded over very
wide areas ; without fl. Jan. and March 1857. No. 3832.
GoLUNGo Alto. — Subsequently observed in fl., beginning of July
1857. No. 3833 (represented only by a sketch of a plant in flower).
4. S. simiarum Baker, I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 398.
5. arenaria Baker, I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 390.
Loan DA. — Leaves glaucous-green prostrate, carinate, spotted with
purple at the base, subfleshy. Scape more or less ascending, violet-
green, purple-spotted at the base, terete. Flowers green-violet,
spreading or even nodding, pedicels petaloid, hyaline-violet, with two
shorter hyaline-whitish bracts. Filaments flattened, blue, anthers
yellowish-green ; style thick, subterete, a little shorter than the
filaments, stigma very shortly papillate, rather flat. Unripe capsules
deeply trilobed, lobes with a very obtuse rounded apex. Sandy
places flooded in summer very dry in winter near Quicuxe. April
1854. No. 3821.
PuNGO An DONGO.— Flowers hlac. Bulbs much liked by monkeys.
Tery plentiful in high rocky meadows on the south of the prsesidium.
In fl. and fr. Oct. 1856. No. 8822. A small bulbous herb, all the
leaves emerging from the top of the bulb erect-spreading, sub-
glaucous-green and pubescent. Pedicels and flowers a beautiful violet.
In great quantity, covering wide areas in sandy-wooded short-grassed
pastures near Condo and Quitage. March 1857. No. 3823.
No. 3823 is Baker's S. arcnuria, but I cannot distinguish it from
S. simiarum.
5. S. flaccid ula Baker, I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 392.
PuNGO Andoxgo. — Bulb ovate, leaves linear-lanceolate, channelled,
obtusely keeled, herbaceous-green, brightly shining. Raceme lax,
pedicels petaloid, violet, very spreading, with distant bracteoles
bidentate at the apex. Corolla herbaceous-green, segments rotately
spreading, filaments deep purple, exserted ; style arcuately declinate,
purplish, papillately stigmatose at the apex. Thickets at the side of
rocks near Pedra Pungo, in fr. Nov. 1856. Flowered at the beginning
of July in garden at Golungo. No. 3820.
6. S. laxiflora Baker, I.e., p. 250, non Gard. Chron. ix. p. 668
(1891).
Loan DA. — Bulb ovate-conical, scales dark, upwardly sheathing ;
leaves generally 3 or 4, lanceolate, subfleshy, and subrigid, almost
orchidaceous, with dark purple spots on the upper face, narrowing
gradually into a sheathing channelled petiole densely spotted with black
or blood-red, spreading at flowering time, shorter than the scape.
Scape cylindrical, a span and more, ascending with a gentle curve or
almost suberect, branched at the apex, glabrous. Pedicels spreading
widely when in flower, soon almost nodding, deep violet, with two
basal bracteoles or one bipartite. Perianth herbaceous-green, segments
campanulate below, spreading rotately from the middle, equal, broadly
lanceolate, falling together loosely after pollination. Stamens inserted
on the perianth-segments high above the base, long exserted ; filaments
equal, firm, straight, far exceeding the perianth. Style firm, white.
Scilla] XI. LILIACE.E. 63
angled, longer than the stamens, moderately declinate or oblique, with
a slightly subtruncate base. Ovary obtusely ovate, deeply 6-furrowed,
ribs roundly convex, ventricose towards the base. On short-grassed
hills round ponds in sandy clay near Quicuxe but somewhat rare.
Bulbs with leaves found in Maj^ 1854 ; one specimen flowered under
cultivation in garden at Loanda, Jan. 1858, after being kept dry till
Nov. 1857. No. 3819.
Baker subsequently described (Gard. Chron., I.e.), as a new species
under the same name, a South African plant which flowered at Kew.
Durand & Schinz have overlooked the original species founded on the
Welwitsch material.
7. S. platyphylla Baker, I.e. ; Durand & 8chinz, I.e., p. 397.
HuiJ.LA. — Bulb large, ovately-spherical, solid, whitish inside.
Flowers whitish-green. Thicket-grown hills, sparsely grassed, between
LopoUo and Catumba. In fl. end of Dec. 1859. No. 3826.
8. S. congesta Baker, I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 391.
HuiLLA. — Flowers whitish-green, without smell ; racemes very
dense. Bulb proportionately very large, ovate-conical. Thicket-
grown hillsides in the Lopollo district. In fl. beginning of Jan. 1860.
No. 3827.
9. S. lanceaefolia Baker in Saund. Refug. Bot. t. 182 (1870); in
Trans. Linn. See, I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 393.
HuiiJ.A.— Flowers whitish-yellow-green. Sandy wooded pastures
near Mumpulla. End of Oct. 1859. No. 3828. Bulb as big as a
walnut, solid, white, leaves subfleshy, with dark purple spots ; flowers
purplish-lilac. Sunny hills with scanty thicket near LopoUo. Bulbs
found Jan. 1860 ; flowered in the Lisbon garden May 1862. No. 3829.
A unique specimen.
The specimens under the following numbers may belong to this
genus, but the material is insufficient for their determination : —
PuNG(i Andongo. — Bulbous, acaulescent, leaves radical, rosulate,
spreading, lanceolate, concave, purple-spotted at the base. Bulb-scales
dark-coloured, bulb compact. Habit of Ldchemilki. Plentiful in
thickets on the clay throughout the whole prassidium. Without fl.
Dec. 1856. No. 3831.
GoLUNGO Alto. — Bulbous with two leaves. On slopes bearing
short herbage of the Serra de Alto Queta growing with a species of
Hypoxia. Without fl. Feb. 1856. (Two specimens cultivated in the
Lisbon garden, 1861.) No. 3834. A unique specimen.
Puxuo Andoxgo. — A small plant, with a compact, white, fleshy
succulent, round bulb, the size of a rather small walnut ; leaf solitary,
radical, broadly cordate, with a snbobtuse shortly hooded apex, thick
and fleshy, stiff and brittle, at first involute and erect, but when
fully developed closely appressed to the soil, i-ather glaucous-green.
Scape central, an inch long, sheathed at the base by the leaf, straight,
cylindrical, few-flowered. Flowers not well-developed but iu every
way resembling those of Drimiu acuminata, but slightly smaller, short-
stalked, open, lilac. Rather damp pastures in the edges of woods near
the banks of the river Cuanza, near Calemba Is. Bulbs without fl.
March 1857. Flowered in the Lumiar garden, but only sparsely.
No. 3843.
Moi^SAMEDES. — Sand-hills above Porto de Ponda. End of August
1859. No. 3844.
64: XI. LiLiACE^. [Ornhhogalimi
19. ORNITHOGALTJM L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.
p. 815.
Sect. 1. — Beryllis.
1. 0. benguellense Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2. i. p. 248
(1878) ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 400.
HuiLLA. — A bulbous herb with purplish-white flowers. Perianth
after maturity spirally twisting at the apex then falling like a calyptra.
Ovules very few in the loculus. Near Lopollo Nov. 1859. Sandy
thickets round Lopollo. In fl. and fr. Nov. 1859. No. 3766.
The following numbers may belong to the genus, but in
absence of flowers (and leaves) it is impossible to determine
more exactly : —
PuNCio Andongo. — A herb with a solid bulb white, densely fleshy
and viscid inside. Leaves radical and, judging from their remains,
linear. Remnants of flowers yellowish. In thickets with short
herbage near Candumba, where it was found growing gregariously but
with fl. and fr. already past. End of Jan. 1857. No. 3767.
PuNGO AxDoNGo. — A herb with a solid bulb whitish inside and
outside, with close fleshy scales, leaf radical, solitary, filiform, scape a
foot long, erect, filiform, flowers in a long raceme. Rather rare on the
tops of the rocks of Pedra Puugo. A few fruiting specimens Dec. 1857.
No. 3766.
20. IPHIGENIA Kunth ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.,
p. 824.
1. I. guineensis Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. p. 451 (1879) ;
Durand & Schinz, Consp. PI. Afr. v. p. 415.
Melanthiimi guineense Welw. ex Baker, I.e.
PuNGO Andongo. — Leaves linear-subulate deeply channelled up to
the top, glaucous-green, subrigid. Perianth-segments a livid green
outside, rose-violet within, stellately spread, deciduous. Stony pastures
with short grass among the rocks of the presidium, plentiful but not
found in many places. In fl. 29 Oct. 1856. No. 1625.
HuiLLA. — A slender herb a span long, bulb the size of a hazel-nut,
of a compact white flesh inside, clothed with a few dark scales. Stem
erect, angular, leafy, scarcely branched. Leaves alternate, the lower
lanceolate-linear, the upper linear, channelled-triquetrous, long-acu-
minate, sheathing at the base, sheaths adhering for some distance to
the stem. Perianth herbaceous-green beneath, greenish-purple above,
segments quite distinct, sessile, linear-lanceolate with a somewhat
narrowed base, stellately expanded, deciduous ; stamens much shorter
at the very base of the segments, filaments cylindric, rather thick, and
stiff, purplish, erect-spreading ; anthers extrorse ; pollen deep yellow,
plentiful. Ovary sessile obovate-globose, slightly triangular, many-
ovuled ; stigmas 3 subcylindric, shorter than the ovary, recurving,
stigmatose on the inside, persistent adhering to the dehiscing valves.
Capsule obovate-cylindric, very bluntly 3-angled, loculicidal. Seeds in
two axile series in each loculus, angled-subglobose, dull-red ; albumen
plentiful, hard, fleshy or rather cartilaginous, including the central
embryo. Rather rare in somewhat damp meadows on lake Ivantala ;
somewhat plentiful on herbaceous thicket-grown slopes near the river
of Lopollo. Flowers Feb. and March. With fruit and a few flowers
March 1860. No. 1626.
Gloriosa] XI. liliace^. 65
21. GLOmOSA L. ; Bentb. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 830.
1. G. superba L. Sp. PI. p. 305 (1753) ; Welw. Apoiit. p. 592 ;
Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. p. 457 ; Durand & Schinz, Consp.
Fl. Afr. V. p. 417.
Sierra Le(1NE. — Climbing to a height of 5 to (5 ft. Mountains
behind Freetown, 1853. No. 1742. A unique specimen.
GoLUXGo Alto. — A herb sometimes erect, sometimes cHmbing on
the higher grasses and on shrubs. Tuber smooth and whitish outside,
3-digitate, with numerous filiform fibres, stem 3 to 6 ft. ; leaves 2 or 3,
the lower alternate, the rest opposite, finely striately nerved, somewhat
shiny above, paler beneath, upper ones tendril-bearing. Flowers at
first green, then yellow, finally scarlet ; two or three swollen hairy
glands at base of si^gments. Native names " Dicumbelle," " Cumbelle."
Wooded deeply herb-grown meadows on the river Qiiiapose near Sange.
In fl. Nov. & Dec. 1854. No. 1743« Thickets between Cambondo
and the river Luinha. In fl. Jan., in fr. June 1855. No 1743?'- Tubers
sent from Angola and flowered at Lisbon July 1862. No. 1743c. May
1856. Coll Carp. 1039.
PuNGo Andoxgo.^ — Wooded mountain-slopes of the preesidium near
Mata de Cabondo ; sporadic. In fl. Dec. 1856 : flowerless stem April
1857. No. 1744.
2. G. simplex L. Mant. p. 62 (1767).
G. virescens Lindl. Bot. Mag. t. 2539 (1825); Baker in Jonrn.
Linn. Soc, I.e., p. 458, in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2. i. p. 262 ;
Durand & Schinz, I.e.
PuNGO Andongo. — An erect herb 1 to l^ft., densely leaved, scarcely
bi'anched, 2- to 5-flowered. Flowers blood-red even when in bud.
Perianth-segments subequal, elliptical, with a narrow channelled base
and long-acuminate apex, twice to thrice undulated in the middle,
blood-red inside and out except for some lateral sulphur-coloured
bands at the base. Flowers a little smaller than in (t. suprrha, with
proportionately broader, more markedly striate leaves showing only
a tendency to become cirrhose ; root-tubers as in G. superba. Woody
thickets on the prpesidium near Catete, but rare. In fl. beginning
of Dec. 1856. No. 1745. Flowers a pale copper-green when alive,
reddening in drying. In fl. end of Nov. 1857. No. 1745&. In fr.
only in rather dry thickets near the banks of the river Cuanza near
Sansamanda, 7 Feb. 1857. Coll. Carp. 1040.
HuiLLA.— Never climbing. Flowers blood-red from the first ; petals
very slightly or scarcely at all undulate ; peduncles extra-axillary.
Deep-grassed wooded meadows on the banks of the river Monino,
growing with Epilohiuni, Salix, and Fa urea. In fl. beginning of
March 1860. No. 1746. Sporadic on wooded rather damp slopes across
Lake Ivantala near the road to Quilengues. In fl. Feb. 1860. No.
1746/'. The loveliest queen of tropical African Liliacesc. In fr. on
the river Monino. End of April 1860. Coll. Carp. 63.
22. LITTONIA Hook. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 831.
1. L. Welwitschii Benth. & Hook, f., I.e.
Sandersonia littonioides Welw. ex Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc.
ser. 2. i. p. 262 (1878) ; Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. p. 453 ; Durand &
Schinz, Consp, Fl. Afr. v. p. 418.
VOL. II. 5
66 XI. LiLiACEiE. [Littonia
PuNGO AxDONGO. — A glaucous-green herb with fleshy tuberous root,
erect leafy stem H ft., subacutely many-angled, tough and firm, in
the taller specimens flexuose towards the apex as if intending to climb.
Leaves alternate, lanceolate, sheathing, slightly coriaceous, rigidulous,
lower ones pungent, upper with resinous dots on the upper surface
between the nerves, acuminate tending to cirrhose, as in Gloriusu.
Peduncles axillary, ebracteate, spreading, G-angled, 1 to 2 in. long.
Flowers nodding, orange-purple with dark purple spots. Perianth
marcescent-persisteut, segments subequal, campanulately spreading,
acute, with a broad saccate basal nectary. Stamens flat, tapering from
a broader base, anthers large, versatile. Ovary oblong, obtuse, tri-
gibbous, deeply trisulcate. Style straight from a central pit, bearing
at the top 3 recurved stigmas. Rather open sandy damp woods by
streams near Cazella, but in a few places only. In fl. and unripe fr.
Jan. 1857. Nos. 1747, 1748.
23. WALLERIA Kirk ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 831 .
1. W. Mackenzii Kirk in Trans. Linn. Soc, xxiv. p. 497, t. 52,
fig. 2 (1864) ; Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. p. 499 (1879).
W. anyolensis Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2. i. p. 263
(1878); Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 418.
HuiLLA. — A herb 1 to 2 ft. high with habit of Convallaria vert/ cil lata,
with tuberous-digitate whitish fleshy roots. Stems erect, leafy to
the top, acutely angled by the decurrent leaf-keels. Leaves semi-
amplexicaul, lanceolate, subglaucous, subtrinerved, and slightly fleshy.
Peduncles axillary, erect-nodding, simple, rarely forked. Flowers pale
azure, suberect, afterwards spreading or somewhat nodding ; perianth-
segments elliptic-lanceolate, erect, subobtuse and subfleshy. Anthers
long, pyramidately 4-angled, yellow, loculi dehiscing by a rounded
apical aperture. Ovary ovate, with a central filiform style and slightly
papillose stigma. Here and therein short thicket-grown sandy-clayey
somewhat rocky pastures, near Lojjollo along with GnkUa, Ascolepis
and species of EtqjJwrbia ; flowering in the rainy season. In fl. Nov.,
in fl. and unripe fr. Dec. 1859. No. 1749.
In the absence of adequate material, determination of the
following is impossible : —
Melanthaceae Gen. and sp. nov. Welw. ms.
HuiLLA. — A slender bulbous herb a span high, with narrow-linear
channelled sheathing leaves, sheaths long ; peduncles subaxillary,
capsules trigonous. Stigmas three, arcuately spreading. Marshy places
on the river near Lopollo. In fr. 26 March 1860. Coll. Carp. 1050.
Represented only by a few seeds.
XII. PONTEDERIACE^.
1. EICHORNIA Kunth ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 838.
1, E. natans Solms-Laub. in Abh. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. p. 254
(1882), in DC. Mon. Phan. iv. p. 526 (1883); Durand & Schinz,
Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 418.
LoANDA. — Lagoa de Quifandongo, Dec. 1853. No. 3014. Subse-
quently looked for in vain.
lhteraniliera\ xii. PONTEDERiACEyE. 67
2. HETERANTHERA liuiz k Pavou ; Benth. & Hook. f.
Gen. PI. iii. p. 838.
1. H. sp.
CAZi;\(io. — A lacustrine plant with habit of Alhma or S,(iqittaria
laxly rooting in watery mud, acaulescent, scapigerous. with swimming
subpeltate leaves, petioles very long, septate. Margins of Lagoa de
Moambege near Dalatando. Flowers almost over, June 1855. No. 3015.
Perhaps a new species of the genus ; but in the absence of flowers it
is impossible to say. The leaves are more or less orbicular with a
cordate base.
3. MONOCHORIA Presl ; Benth. & nook. f. Gen. PI. iii.
p. 839.
1. M. vaginalis Presl, Reliq. Ifenk. i. p. 128 (1827) ; Solms-
Laub. in DC. Men. Phan. iv. p. 524 (1883).
PuN'Go Anpongo. — A perennial herb growing in marshes, with
membranous, green, swimming leaves. Ponds near Banza de Quitage.
Without fl. March 1857. No. 3013.
Indistinguishable from the type, which has hitherto not been recorded
from Africa.
XIII. XYRIDEiE.
1. XYRIS L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 842.
1. X. Unibilonis Nilss. in K. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handb. xxiv.
No. 14, p. 30 (1892) ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 421.
PuNGo AxDOXGo. — A perennial widely csespitose herb, 2 to 2h ft.
high : stem and leaves glaucous, rigidulous ; flower-spikes ovoid-
cylindrical, dark-brown, flowers yellow. Damp meadows by the
banks of the Cuanza near Bumba. In fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 2460.
Huii.LA. — Spongy marshes at the foot of Serra de Oiahoia, Humpata.
Towards the end of April 1860. No. 2475.
The Angolan specimens differ from the South African in their
slightly narrower sepals and the greater extent of the non-polished
area in the upper half of the bract, but the differences are insufficient
for specific distinction.
2. X. rigidescens Welw. ms. in herb.
Glabrous, leaves rigid, flattened, linear, taj^ering rapidly above
to the shortly pungent apex, sheath very broad and reddish-brown
below, narrowing upwai'ds ; peduncles far exceeding the leaves, com-
pressed, sheath broadly linear, reddish-brown to the middle, leafless,
ending abruptly in a sharp stiff apiculus ; spikes subglobose ; lower
bracts very tough and leathery, orbicular to very broadly oblong,
concave, becoming keeled below the strongly apiculate apex, dirty
brown with thinner straw-coloured entire edges, upper half with a
circular submuriculate area ; becoming broadly ovate, less rigid
and less deeply coloured above ; shorter than the lateral sepals
which are suboblong when opened out, with sides of a pale
straw-colour passing into the dark brown keel which is shortly
ciUate up to the base of the strong apiculus ; flowers withered,
corolla-segments apparently oblong, staminodes 2armed den.sely
pilose, shorter than the stamens, anthers broadly linear ; unripe
fruit compressed, broadly oval.
68 XIII. XYRIDE^. [Xj/7-is
Leaves 7 to 10 in. long including the sheath (li to 2i in.),
scarcely 1 to If lines hroad ; peduncles reaching 30 in. ; sheath 3
to 6 in. Spikes 4 to 6 lines each way ; lower biacts about 3 lines
long by 1§ to 2 lines broad; lateral sepals 3j lines; unripe fr.
.scarcely 1^ line.
Near A'. Rehmanni Nilss. (Transvaal), but distinguished by its
more .strongly mucronate sepals with keels ciliate to the base of
the mucro ; it is also a stronger more rigid plant.
HuiLLA. — Plentiful in spongy places near streams round Lopollo,
growing with species of Aroichs and Gladiolus. In fl. and fr. Dec.
1859. No. 2474-
3. X. Welwitschii Rendle .sp. nov.
Leaves very narrowly ensiform or linear above the plicate
bases and sheath, acute, submembranous, margin and sometimes
faces scabrid ; peduncles slender, wiry, 2 to 3 times the length
of the leaves, with scabrid longitudinal ridges and a leaf-like
sheath ^ to g its length ; spikes pale brown, ellipsoidal when
young, hemispherical when mature ; bracts coriaceous becoming
somewhat scarious near the broad entire margins, 3-nerved, the
lowest bi'oadly ovate, becoming oval to obovate above ; lateral
sepals slightly protruding, spathulately oblanceolate, blunt, keel
minutely hispidulous from the middle to near the apex, pale
straw-coloured, odd sepal crimson ; corolla yellow ; anthers large,
linear-oblong, exceeding the shortly tufted pilose staminodes ;
capsule obovately elliptical, seeds dull black, ellipsoidal with
minutely umbonate ends and well-marked longitudinal ridges
united by inconspicuous transverse ladder-like markings.
Leaves 3 to 6 in. long, 1 line or a little less in breadth ;
peduncles to 14 in. long, ^ to ^ line thick; spikes about 4 lines
long by 2^ to 4^ in diameter. Bracts 2 to 3 lines long by 1^^ to
2^ broad ; sepals a little over 3 lines long. If to If line broad
when folded ; anthers scarcely 1 line long. Capsule 2i lines long.
Near A'', straminea Nilss., but distinguished by its larger
spikes and flowers, and sculptured dull black seeds.
HuiLLA. — Wooded marshy meadows between Lopollo and Monino.
Beginning of April 1860. Xo 2465-
4. X. capensis Thunb. Prodr. PI. Capens. p. 12 (1794); Nilss.,
I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 420.
HuiLLA. — Habit exactly like some capitate species of Juneux.
Leaves flat, narrowly linear, green, culms strict, deeply furrowed, twice
as long. Flowers rather small, yellow. Boggy places near the banks
of the river of MumpuUa. In fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 2473.
5. X. reptans Rendle sp. nov.
Cse.spitose, spreading by a slender rhizome clothed with root-
fibres and fibrous remains of leaf-sheaths ; leaves linear, tapering
to a blunt apex and narrowing below to the long, green,
pale, scarious-mai-gined sheath, glabrous but like the slender
flattened peduncle striolate, peduncle a little longer than the
leaves, enclosed for a quarter of its length in a flattened sheath
X)/ris] XIII. XYRIDE/E. 69
which bears only a short stiff apiculus ; spikes several-flowered ;
bracts membranous, dirty blown, the lowest broadly ovate with
a median keel ending in a blunt apiculus, becoming orbicular,
through elliptical, to obovate with gradual disappearance of the
keel upwards; lateral sepals when opened elliptical, emarginate
with a small central mucro, sides subequal, pale brown, becoming
translucent and almost colourless towards the margin and deeper
towards the glabrous keel ; fruit trigonous, obpyramidal with a
rounded rostrate apex, containing a few perfect reddish-brown
obovate seeds in the upper part and numerous aborted seeds on
the three parietal placentas ; testa marked by fine ridges into
longitudinal rows of rectangular areas.
Leaves 3 to 8 in. long by ^ to | line broad, peduncle 8^ in.
long, barely I line wide, sheath If in., apiculus 1 line. Spike
(broken) about 2^ lines long by 3 lines broad. Bracts 1 to 1|-
lines by about 1 line ; lateral sepals l^ line by -^r line ; fruit 1
line long.
Described from a single specimen bearing fruit only. Appar-
ently near X. capensis, but distinguished by its flattened p;'duncle
and smaller elliptical sepals.
HuiLLA. — Leaves rigidulous, not fenestrate ; peduncles thin, erect.
Near the chief stream of Mono de LopoUo, where at the end of
November 1859 two sparsely fruiting tufts were seen, but afterwards
sought in vain. Apparently liked by cattle. No. 2459.
G. X. nivea Welw. ms. in herb.
Glabrous, csespitose, base slightly bulbous, root-fibres very
slender and flexuose ; leaves stiff, erect, filiform-subulate, flexuose
from a short sheath, about half the length of the slender, flexu-
ose, wiry, subterete, faintly angled peduncle ; peduncular sheath
short, leafless, ending in a short stiff awn ; spikes few-flowered,
subglobose with a somewhat flattened top ; bracts broadly ellip-
tical to broadly obovate, very obtuse, coriaceous, 3-nerved, entire,
a rather dull brown with stramineous scarious easily broken
margins ; lateral sepals rather broadly falcately navicular, blunt,
obovate when opened out, keel pale brown, scabridulous except
near the base ; corolla a splendid white, lobes obovate-elliptical,
concave, margin finely plicate-denticulate ; stamens exceeding
the pilose staminodes ; style tripartite to the middle ; ovary sub-
obovate becoming markedly obovate as it ripens ; seeds pointed
elliptical, red.
Leaves 3 to 5 in. long including sheath (^ to 1 in.) by about i
line in diameter. Peduncles a span to scarcely a foot, sheath li
to If in. long, spikes '2-}r to 3 lines long and about as broad. Bracts
1^ to 2 lines long by 1-]- to If broad. Lateral sepals 2 lines by
a little over ^ line when folded; odd sepal crimson above.
Anthers f line, filament h line, together about half the length
of the petal.
A distinct species recognised at once by its slender wiry
peduncles and stiff filiform leaves.
70 XIII. XYRiDE^. [Xyris
HuiLLA. — Sunny wooded places (not or scarcely damp) between
Lopollo and Monino, growing with species of Prolea and Gladiolus.
Feb. 1860. No. 2468.
7. X. affinis Welw. ms. in herb.
Widely cfespitose ; habit of X nivea but leaves flattened,
narrowly linear acute from a broader sheath ; sheaths of withered
leaves persistent, dark brown with brown, hairy roargins ; peduncle
erect slender subcompressed ; spikes few (5 or 6) flowered, ellip-
soidal to obovoid when young becoming subglobose with a somewhat
flattened top when ripe ; bracts more or less broadly bluntly ellip-
tical sometimes tending to obovate, 3-nerved, entire, dark brown
with lighter subscarious margins ; lateral sepals narrower than
in X. nivea, oblanceolate, keel narrowly winged for 4 the length
from the base and scabridulous above the base ; corolla yellow,
lobes obovate, stamens slightly exceeding the short deep yellow
2-armed pilose staminodes; anthers orange in bud ; ovary ellipsoid
becoming oblanceolate as it ripens ; seeds (unripe) as in X. nivea.
Leaves 3 to 4^ in. long including sheath (1 in. or less), ^ to 4
line broad. Peduncles 9 to 10 in. long, ^ to 4 line broad, sheath
leafless, minutely apiculate, 2^ to 3 in long ; spikes 2i to 3 lines
long and nearly as broad. Bracts 1^ to little over 2 lines long by
little over 1 to nearly 2 lines broad. iSepals 2 lines by i line ;
anthers 1 line by scarcely h line. Fruit (unripe) 1|^ by 4 line
broad near the apex, which is beaked with the persistent base of
the style.
Near X. nivea but distinguished by its flat leaves, yellow flowers
and narrower more prominentlj^ keeled lateral sepals.
HuiLi.A.^ — Resembling A', nivra in habit but distinguished besides
other characters by its constantly yellow flowers, angled less tortuose
peduncle, and shorter flattened green not glaucous leaves. Elevated
damp meadows on Morro de Monino at 5000 feet. Beginning of April
1860. No. 2467.
8. X. pumila Rendle sp. nov.
Small with stiff habit, the hard woody cylindrical main stem
bearing several crowded regularly distichous-leaved branches;
persistent sheathing bases of old leaves chestnut-brown, new leaves
glabrous, flattened, linear, passing above into a very acute or sub-
aristate apex, and below into the stiff dry upwardly tapering
chestnut-brown sheath ; peduncles rigid, erect, terete, glabrous,
exceeding the leaves, spikes few- (3-) flowered, narrowly ellipsoidal
slightly drawn out at the base ; bracts dark chesnut-brown with
paler entire margin, outer exposed surface finely muriculate,
coriaceous, the lowest subovately elliptical with a pair of lateral
nerves meeting the median about ^ below the blunt apex, back
slightly keeled below the apex, the upper becoming elliptical to
suborbicvilar and very concave above with the two lateral veins
converging nearer the apex ; lateral sepals lanceolate, blunt, with
a brown dorsal keel more or less scabridulous from about ^ above
the base to the apex, sides paler unequal, posterior sepal orange-
crimson, narrowly ellipsoidal ; corolla bright yellow, anthers in
Xyris] XIII. xyride^. 71
bud orange-yellow, linear-oblong, exceeding the 2-armed hairy
staminodes. The rather stout root-fibres stain the paper on which
they are mounted a pale crimson.
The new leaves which are shooting out above the closely
sheathing bases of last season reach 3^ in. long including the
sheath (|^ in.) by barely ^ line broad. Peduncles to 5 in. long by
a little over \ line thick, spike 21 to 2i by 1 to 1^ lines. Bracts
1§ to 2 by I to 1^ lines ; sepals about 2 lines long by between i
and ^ line broad. Anthers f line long in bud.
Comes perhaps nearest to A", affinis but is distinguished by its
smaller size, very rigid habit, crowded regularly distichous shoots,
terete scape, and smaller spikes.
HuiLLA. — Short thicket-grown marshes between Humpata and the
lofty plain of Empalanca. In fl. April 1860. No. 2471.
9. X. huillensis Rendle sp. nov.
Glabrous, csespitose, with a rush-like habit ; leaves short, flat,
narrow linear, acute, sheath broadening downwards, membranous,
faintly tinged with red with a hyaline margin; peduncle filifoi^m,
subcompressed, reddish below, many times longer than the leaves,
sheath apiculate, about as long as the leaves ; spikes truncated,
ellipsoid when young becoming hemispherical, few-flowered (about
6), bracts entire, bright brown, ovate, bluntly carinate in the
upper half, very blunt or with a shortly mucronate apex, becoming
narrower and concave above, 3-nerved sometimes incompletely ;
lateral sepals oblanceolate, blunt, brown, keel pale ancl trans-
parent, narrow, extending for two-thirds from the base, glabrous ;
corolla yellow, limbs obovate ; stamens longer than the bright
yellow densely pilose staminodes, anther subsagittate, ovary
compressed ellipsoidal becoming obovoid as it ripens and shortly
rostrate, style 3-partite to the middle ; seeds on three parietal
placentas, elliptical narrowing to a slight umbo at each end,
crimson with dark longitudinal lines, glabi-ous.
Leaves |- to 2^ in. by j to ^ line broad ; peduncles 3 to 12 in.
by i line or It-ss , spikes when fully developed about 2 lines long
and broad. Bracts li to 1^ by |^ to 1 line; lateral sepals l-Jto If-
by about \ line broad when folded ; petals 1^ by f line. Stamens
1 line, anthers a little longer than the filament. Ovary 1 line.
Near A"", straminea Nilss. but a smaller plant with shorter
narrower leaves and brown not straw-coloured spikes.
HuiLLA. — Flowers constantly yellow. Empalanca, in lofty sandy
pastures bearing short herbage and flooded in the rainy season. Feb.
and April 18G0. No. 2469. Marshes near the river Quipumpunhino
in the Humpata district between Nene and Humpata. In fl. and fr.
end of May 18(30. No. 2472.
10. X. fugaciflora Rendle sp. nov.
Glabrous, cjespitose, leaves narrow-linear, acute, rugulose with
scabridulous margin, especially the older ones ; peduncles flat-
tened very slender, sheaths with a short leaf -like appendage ;
.spikes 4- to 5 -flowered, ellipsoidal with nari'owing ends in flower,
72 xui. XYRiDE^. [Xyris
becoming semi-ellipsoidal after flowering, bracts reddish-bi-own
becoming paler at the entire margin, membranous, 3-nerved, the
lower ones ovate and apiculate passing upwards through elliptical
to broadly obovate and orbicular-obovate and very blunt ; lateral
sepals lanceolate, blunt, with subequal sides, pale and transparent,
-tt-ith faintly keeled pale greenish-reddish-brown glabrous back ;
corolla yellow, very fugacious, lobes obovate with denticulate
outer edge ; staminodes 2-armed forming a dense tangle as long as
the stamens, anthei^s broadly oblong ; ovary oblanceolate, shortly
beaked, seeds reddish-brown, ellipsoidal, longitudinally striate, with
a prominent light-coloured apical umbo.
Leaves less than ^ in. to 4 in. long by i to ^ line broad ;
peduncles 3 to 9 in. long, i to -} line bx^oad, sheaths ^ to 2 in.,
with leaf -like appendage 1^ to 3 lines long. Spikes If to 2^ lines
long by 1 to barely 2 lines ; bracts 11 to 2 by f to 14- line ; lateral
sepals 2 lines or barely 2 lines by barely i line ; corolla lobe barely
2 lines long ; stamens about li to 1^ line long, anthers f to f line ;
ovary 1^ line.
Near X. huillensis but a more delicate plant, with spikes pointed
when in flower, and more membranous reddish-bro^vn bracts.
PuxGO Andongo. — Spongy places between Caghuy and Sansamanda
but somewhat rare, 1 May, 1857. No. 2461. A dwarf plant in spongy
wooded meadows at Mutollo near Pedras de Guinga along with dwarf
IvidiQdd {Ferraria andougeims) Vindi Sclpria. In fl. Jan. 1857. No. 2462.
Plentiful in spongy places on the higher rocks of Catete right on the
prajsidium. In fl. but no fr. April 1857. No. 2464.
11. X. scabridula Rendle sp. nov.
Habit of X. hidllensis but less rush-like, leaves markedly rugulose
with scabridulous margin and markedly striate scapes ; spikes
few-flowered (4-or more) slightly larger than in X. huillensis, bracts
more membranous, orbicular-obovate to suborbicular, very blunt,
sometimes with a small subapical mucro, with paler entire margins;
lateral sepals oblanceolate, keel sparsely hispidulous in the middle
third ; corolla intensely yellow, lobes obovate, stamens exceeding
the hairy 2-armed staminodes ; ovaiy oblanceolate, seeds ellipsoid,,
umbonate at one or both ends, crimson, almost smooth.
Leaves \ to 2^ in. by ^ to i line ; scapes 2 to 6^ in. ; spikes
li to 3 lines long by § to 3 lines. Bracts 1^ to If by 1^ to 1^
lines. Lateral sepals 1|- to 2 lines by |^ line, corolla-lobes a little
over 1 line by scarcely f line ; anthers (in bud) |- line long and
half as broad; ovary \\ line long.
HuiLLA. — Culms very slender, flowers intensely yellow. Elevated
short thicket-grown sandy meadows, sometimes flooded in summer, of
the Serra de Oiahoia behind Humpata ; April 1860. No. 2470.
12. X. anisophylla Welw. ms. in herb.
Closely resembling X. scabridula in habit but more robust with
broader leaves ; spikes 5-flowered, truncate-ellipsoid often be-
coming hemispheiieal when mature ; bracts membranous, pale
reddish-ln-own, with broad transparent stramineous margins,
3-nervtd, orbicular-obovate to broadly oval, very blunt, sometimes-
X>/ris] XIII. XYRIDE.E. 73
faintly keeled in the upper part ; lateral sepals transparent,
tinged with pale reddish-brown along the dorsal line, sides very
unequal, narrowly keeled for H from base, keel glabrous, obovate
when opened, very blunt ; corolla yellow, petals oblong (?) ; anthers
oblong with cordate base, staniinodes 2-armed breaking up into
a dense yellow hairy tangle rather more than half the length of
the stamen ; style 3-partite to the middle ; fruit plano-convex,
narrowly obovoid, very shortly beaked ; seeds ellijjsoid with an
apical umbo, red, longitudinally marked with strong spiral ridges.
Leaves reaching 3 in. long by nearly 1 line broad, scapes 5 to
8|^ in., sheaths l^ to nearly 2 in., acute. Spikes 2 by 1^ to 2i
lines. Bracts 2 lines long or rather less ; lateral sepals li to 1^
lines, by scarcely h; line broad. Petals 1^ line long or more
(the top was always torn) by scarcely 1 line broad ; anthers
scarcely |- line by f line broad slightly exceeding the short
filament. Fruit scarcely !}_, line long.
Very near X. scahridula Eendle, but distinguished by the
slightly shorter glabrous keeled delicate lateral sepals and the
spirally ridged seeds ; the bracts are also more membranous.
PuNGO Andongo. — Culms of a shining copper or almost gold colour
from above the base to the middle, twisting on drying. Spongy place.s^
near huge rocks at Barrancos de Catete growing with species of
Ascolcph right on the prajsidium. Infl. andfr. May 1857. No. 2463.
Note. — These spongy places are produced chiefly through an Alga
with the help of but very few mosses.
13. X. erubescens Eendle sp. nov.
Bulbous, outer scales coriaceous to scarious, long-acuminate
from a broad base, dull shining brown ; scapes springing from the
midst of the persistent bases of last season's leaves, green, subrigid,
flexuose, subquadrangular, glabrous, sheath rather loose above
and passing into a weak point ; spike ellipsoidal to subglohose ;
bracts a dirty yellowish-brown with pale entire margin, coria-
ceous, lowermost oblong, then orbicular and very concave, shoi-tly
apiculate or apex often broken and refuse, 7-9-nerved ; lateral sepals
narrow, falcate, sides very unequal, keel very strong, greenish-
brown below, becoming crimson above, minutely hispidulous from
about the middle to the apex ; anthers (in bud) oblong and
orange-coloured, staminodes 2-armed forming a long narrow tuft
of hairs exceeding the anthers.
Plants about 8 in. high, with a small fleshy bulb about ?r in. iu
diameter, leafless, peduncles 5^ to 8 in. long, sheaths about 2 in.
Bracts 2 to 3 lines long by fi to 2^ broad. Lateral sepals 2i
to 2A lines by i line or barely }r line when folded, the narrower
side less than half the width of the broader ; stamens (in bud)
1 line, anthers i line ; ovules numerous on 3 parietal placentas.
Becalls X. imucxflora Willd. in external appearance of spike,
but differs widely in sepal characters.
HuiLLA. — Here and there in marshy pastures with short herbage
near Nene by the road towards Lopollo. In fr. Oct. 1859. No. 2466.
■74 XIV, COMMELINACEyE. [PolUa
XIV. COMMELINAOE.E.
1. POLLIA Thunb. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 846.
1. P. Mannii C. B. Clarke in DO. Mon. Phan. iii. p. 124
(1881) ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 421.
Cazex(;o — An erect herb, 2 to .3 ft. high. Flowers not seen ; fruit a
deep shining metallic blue. Lofty woods of Muxafdo, but not plentiful.
Ripe fr. middle of June 1855. No. 6604 (in part).
2. P. condensata C. B. Clarke, I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e.
Cazengo. — An erect herb 2 to 3 ft. high. Flowers not seen ; fruit a
deep shining metallic blue. Lofty woods of Muxaulo, but not plentiful.
In ripe fr. middle of June 1855. No. 6604 (in part).
2. PALISOTA Reichenb.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 847.
1. P. Schweinfurthii C. B. Clarke in DC. Mon. Phan. iii. p. 132
(1881); Durand t Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 422.
Island of St. Thomas. — A perennial almost frutescent herb, 4 to
6 ft. high ; stem fleshy, branched, leafy chiefly at the top ; flowers
white ; berries scarlet, as big as a pea, soft, slightly succulent,
indehiscent, each of the three loculi 2-, 3-, more rarely 4-seeded.
Seeds thick, peltate, many furrowed. Plentiful in the more lofty thick
woods of Fazenda do Monte Gaffe. In fl. and fr. Dec. 1860. No. 6602.
At about 2000 ft. high, in the more lofty primitive woods. Dec. and
Jan. 1861. Coll. Cakp. 1043.
GoLUNGO Alto.— A perennial herb, stem 3 to 7, more rarely 9 ft.,
succulent, leaves arranged in a palmiform way at the top of the stem.
Flowers dull violet. Berries pea-like, scarlet. On banks of streams
in the deep shade of primitive woods, always growing with Scitamineae
and Piperaceae. In fl. Dec. 1855 ; in fr. Feb. 1856. Quilombo-
Quiacatubia Feb. 1855. No. 6599. No. 6603i (no notes). A fine plant ;
stem 6 to 9 ft., or sometimes higher, H in. thick at the base, solid,
juicy. Berries .scarlet, 3- to 6-seeded, as big as a pea. Mata de
Quisuculo, 28 April 1856, and June 1857. Coll. Cakp. 126.
PuxGo Andoxgo. — Flowers white, otherwise does not seem different
from the species collected in Golungo Alto. Shady valleys between the
higher rocks. In fl. Jan. 1857. No. 6603.
3. COMMELINA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 847.
1. C. nudiflora L. Sp. PI. i. p. 41 (1753); C. B. Clarke in DC.
Mon. Phan. iii. p. 144 (1881) ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr.
V. p. 427.
Congo. — Bright green, sublucent, with deep blue flowers, and pro-
• cumbent stems rooting freely at the nodes. By streams between
Ambriz and Mosul and at Quilombo de Mosul. End of Nov. 1853.
No. 6623.
IcoLO E Bengo. — An annual decumbent herb with ascending
branches ; flowers rather small, blue. Sheaths smooth. Wet places
by the river Bengo near S Antonio. In fl. Dec. 1S53. No. 6617.
An annual or in damp places sometimes perennial herb, with prostrate
elongated stems, often rooting at the nodes, sometimes ascending-erect
among herbs or shrubs. Flowers plentiful, deep dark blue or sky-blue.
■Commelina'] xiv. commelinace^. 75
fugacious. Leaf-sheaths long-ciliate. Short thicket-grown damp
rather sandy places by the larger lake of Quilunda, near Prata. Sept.
1857. No.6619.
GoLUNGO Alto. — A low herb with long creeping stoloniferous stem
and numerous pale blue flowers, flowering almost the whole year on
dry and damp sunny and shady slopes. A most noxious weed in fields,
especially where Amchh is sown. Almost everywhere except in
primitive woods. Damp shady places by the river Congo near Can-
guerasange, Oct. 18.'>4, and in fl. and fr. Zengas do Queta ]March 1856.
No. 6609.
MossAMEDES. — An annual or biennial herb, widely csespitose, with
runners and very long stolons, flowers a rather deep blue. Called by
the negroes Quindagala ; cooked with seeds of a Phaseolus, and eagerly
devoured by them. Plentiful on the damp sandy rocks of the river
Bero. In fl. Aug. 1859. No. 6580.
Var. Werneana C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 145 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e.
Sierra Leoxe. — Damp thicket by cataracts on Sugar-loaf mount-
ains. Sept. 1853. Nos. 6625, 66256.
GoLUXGO Alto. — Sange No. 6606. Plentiful in damp reedy (Capim)
places and on the banks of the river Quiapoze ; beginning of June
1855. Varzea d'Isidre Sept. 1855. No. 6608.
2. C. scandens Welw. ex C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 146; Durand &
Schinz, I.e., p. 428.
PuNGO AxDONGO. — A herb 5 to 10 ft. long ; flowers deep blue.
Leaves and especially the sheaths glaucescent. Among reeds on the
t»anks of the Cuanza, near N-Billa. March 15, 1857. No. 6642.
3. C. subulata Roth., Nov. Plant. Sp. p. 23 (1821) ; C. B. Clarke,
I.e., p. 148 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 428.
C. heterantha Welw. ex Clarke, I.e.
PuxGo AXDON'GO. — Sometimes annual erect filiform, slender, grow-
ing in dense masses, sometimes ascending, branched from the base,
biennial and perhaps perennial, with a tuberculately swollen rhizome.
The external anterior perianth-leaves ovate-elliptic somewhat concave,
the posterior navicular keeled, all white ; lateral petals semicircular-
reniform clawed, the third similar but smaller, almost sessile, all a
suli^hur-chesnut colour and flat. Two stamens with horseshoe-shaped
anthers, four with sterile clear yellow connective enlarged in different
forms. Style filiform, red, stigma slightly capitellate, yellow. In some
specimens the petals were blue (perhaps a different species). Sandy
rocks of the praesidium, near Catete, Luxillo, etc. In fl. and fr. Jan.
1857. No. 6633. Poor meadows near Condo. March 1857. No. 6633&.
HuiLLA. — A herb scarcely a foot long, with long fibrous rhizome,
stems prostrate, rooting at the nodes and streaked.with red, leaf-sheaths
white to pale yellowish with broad purple bands, spathes pale yellowish,
bent downwards, flowers small, yellow. Plentiful among crops of
maize and Phaneolus, on the banks of the river Ema. etc. In fl. Feb.
1860. No. 6588. An annual much-branched prostrate-ascending
herb ; primary stems semi-rotund, branches and branchlets triquetrous,
spathes numerous, deflexed, purplish with green-yellow stripes, flowers
small, yellow. Too plentiful among maize and almost all kinds of
tropical crops ; springs up and flowers in March. Lopollo, 27 March
1860. No. 6589.
MossAMEDES. — C. heterauthaWelw.ms. Annual, branched, glaucous-
igreen, stem and branches procumbent-suberect, rooting at the nodes,
76 XIV. COMMELINACE/E. [Cotmmlina
angled, more or less semicylindrical. Leaves somewhat shining above,
paler beneath, striately nerved on both faces. Spathe shortly-stalked,
broadly cordate when opened out, acuminately falcate, green, mouth
ciliate ; pedicel 4-flowered, 2 upper flowers ? , the third apetalous
3-androus, the lowest and fourth generally aborted. Sepals whitish,,
membranaceous, very thin, sessile, somewhat obtuse, unequal, more or
less ovate-acuminate ; petals a rather dark yellowish-chesnut, conchi-
form with crisped-folded mouth. Flowered in cultivation at Lisbon,
Sept. 18G1. No. 6587.
4. C. benghalensis L., I.e.; C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 159; Durand
& Schinz, I.e., p. 424.
Loan DA. — A herb, apparently annual, root with long fibres, branches
ascending. Flowers pale blue, rather small. On coarse iron sand-
stone cliifs behind the city ; not seen elsewhere. In fl. Feb. 1854.
No. 6621.
Cazengo.— Dec. 1854. No. 6611.
GoLUNGo Ai/ro. — Flowers blue, stem divaricately branched, often
rooting at every node, or growing on tree-trunks and hanging like a
whip, always softly villose. In rather damp once cultivated places,,
and in gardens among herbs, sometimes on rotting trunks. Near
Bango, July 1855. No. 6598.
PuNGO Andongo. — Annual, or perhaps perennial, stems procumbent
and rooting, ascending when in flower, leaves pale green, roughly
setulose. Flowers small, blue. Sepals obovate-circular, the posticous
smaller ; the two upper long-clawed petals spathulate with a concave-
conchiform blade with denticulate margin. Spathe rather small, almost
triangular in outline, upper margin truncate. Plentiful in a few places
on shaded rocks in thickets on the huge rocks of the prtesidium. The
leaves of the specimen are smaller than usual owing to want of rain.
In fl. and fr. April 1857. No. 6646.
HuiLLA. — Flowers blue or bright blue. Sparsely shaded rather
damp pastures of Morro de Monino. Feb. 1860. No. 6582.
Var. hirsuta 0. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 160; Durand & Schinz, I.e.
Loanda. — A climbing herb, 3 to 5 ft. and longer, stem angled,,
roughish ; flowers smaller than usual, deep azure blue. Thickets of
Alto das Cruzes. In fl. Feb. 1858. No. 6622.
5. C. afrieana L., I.e.
Var. Krebsiana C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 164 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e.,
p. 423.
PuNGO Andongo. — A slightly succulent herb, with prostrate radiat-
ing shoots and yellow flowers. Secondary thickets between Catete and
Quilanga. In fl. Jan. 1857. No. 6635. A perennial herb with fleshy-
tuberous roots ; prostrate-ascending. Flowers yellow. Thicket-grown
pastures between Pungo Andongo and the river Cuanza ; found
occasionally. In fl. middle of Nov. 185G. No. 6640.
Var. polyclada C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 165 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e.
C. ■pobjclada Wehv. ex C. B. Clarke, I.e.
Huilla. — Leaves bright grass-green ; flowers small, yellow. Culti-
vated fields near Lopollo. May 1860. No. 6581.
6. C. barbata Lam. Tab!. Encycl. i. p. 129 (1791) ; C. B. Clarke,
I.e., p. 166 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e.
Commelina'] xiv. commelinace.e. 77
GoLUNGo Alt(X — Nov. Also north of Amuriz. Material insufficient
for certain determination. Xo. 6612.
7. C. angolensis C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 167 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e.
HuiLi.A. — A perennial herb, with several oblique purplish stems,
branching at the apex, leaves herbaceous-green : flowers small, yellow.
Sporadic in sandy herb-grown places near Lopollo, behind the fortress.
In fl. Doc. 1859. Monino : Jan. 1860. No. 6583. Decumbent.
Flowers yellow. On the marshy margins of woods. Morro de Lopollo.
April 1860. No. 6593.
The following which bears no fruit may belong to this species,
PuNGO Andongo. — Roots fleshy-fibrous, shoots spread stellately on
the ground, branches elongated, branched again, prostrate. Leaves
rigid, subglaucous. Flowers deep sulphur-coloured. Wooded thickets
in ferruginous mud, Sobato Cabanga. In fl. middle of Jan. 1857.
No. 6626;
8. C. Forskalaei Vahl Enum. PI. ii. p. 172 (1806); C. B.
Clarke, I.e., p. 168 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 425.
PuNGO AxDONGO. — A succulent decumbent herb, soon ascending,
climbing among the firmer grasses. Flowers dark blue, rather large,
spreading. Damp meadows on the river Cuanza near N-billa, March
1857. No. 6634.
9. C. Kotschyi Hassk. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. p. 207
(1867); C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 173 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 426.
Barra do Bengo. — A glaucous-green herb, with ascending green
stems, leaf-sheaths livid purple ; flowers deep dark blue. Thickets
very dry in winter, flooded in summer, between Teba and Cacuaco.
May 1858. No. 6624.
LoANDA. — An annual herb with purple prostrate-ascending stalks
and sky-blue flowers. Short thicket-grown sunny stony places with
a species of Aloe, etc., near Quicuxe, April 1854. No. 6614. Dense
thickets of Alto das Cruzes towards Museque de Luiz Gomes, May
and July 1854. No. 6620.
10. C. latifolia Pdch. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 340 (1851); C. B.
Clarke, I.e. ; Durand & 8chinz, I.e.
Ambriz. — Shrubby damp places near the river Quizembo, Nov. to
Dec. 1853. No. 6615 (in part).
LoANDA. — An annual, more rarely biennial herb, shoots 3 to 6 ft.,
oblique, weak, half-climbing among shrubs, green-purplish, angled,
sheaths glandular-hairy, subviscous. Leaves most variable, often poly-
morphic in the same specimen, narrowly lanceolate and elliptical.
Flowers sky-blue. Plentiful in thickets of Capparide^ about Alto
das Cruzes. In fr. Feb. 1H58. No. 6613. Annual, at first erect and
flowering when scarcely a foot high, soon branched, branches spreading,
reaching 3 to 7 ft. in length and half-climbing among shrubs. Flowers
dark blue, rather small, fugacious. Very plentiful in damp places with
low undergrowth and by the sides of streams near Quicuxe. Flowering
from Nov. to end of May 1858. Reared from seed from Libongo taken
from a pigeon's crop. Flowered in VVelwitsch's garden at Loanda Nov.
1858. No. 6615 (in part). Plentiful in thickets near the sea at Praia
de Zamba grande, near Loanda. End of June and beginning of July
1854. No. 6616. Annual, H to 3 ft., stem branched from the base,
branches suberect. Flowers sky-blue. Thickets on poor sandy soil
near Maianga de Povo, May 1854. No. 6618.
78 • XIV. COMMELINACE.E. [Conimelina
11. C. huilleiisis Welw. ex 0. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 175; Durand &
Schinz, I.e., p. 4:25.
HuiLLA. — Spathes very large, veined with purple ; flowers azure-
blue. Rather damp pastures, dry in winter, between Lopollo and
Nene, but not elsewhere, Apr. 1860. No. 6585.
12. C. spectabilis 0. B. Clarke, I.e.; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 428.
HuiLLA. — Flowers sky-blue. Woods near the river Monino growing
with Gloriosa simplex. Feb. and Apr. 18G0. Xo. 6594.
Var. ramosa C. B. Clarke, I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e.
PuxGO AxDriNGo. — Shoots appressed to the earth, nodes rooting,
more or less villous, ascending in the flowering stage. Flowers not
sky-blue but bright dark blue. Grassy places in sandy marshes
between Quibanga and Guinga. In fl. Jan. 1857. No. 6629-
13. C.WelwitschiiC.B. Clarke, ?.c.; Durand & Schinz, ^.c, p. 429.
PuNGO And(in'(;o. — A perennial herb with tuberous root, caespitose,
stems generally purplish. Sepals concave, the two anterior orbiculate-
ovate, deflexed, the posterior ovate, erect ; anterior petal sessile, broadly
ovate-acuminate, reflexed ; posterior petals orbiculate-spathulate long-
clawed, margin undulate and repand-dentate or irregularly crenate.
Sepals and anterior petal dull violet-green ; posterior petals bright
sulphur-yellow. Filaments of the three sterile stamens erect, of the
fertile declinate. Two fertile anthers regular, the third on the anterior
margin of a petaloid connective. Sterile anthers deep sulphur-coloured.
Style declinate, stigma slightly capitulate, a little longer than the
stamens. Very plentiful, widely caespitose on the slopes of the
volcanic rocks of the praesidium. In fl. and fr. Dec. 1856 and Jan.
1857. No. 6627- Flowers bright yellow. Damp rocks of Cabonda
on the prajsidium, Jan. 1857. Nos. 6632, 6637. Flowers bright
yellow, spathes marked with dark purple lines. Cazella, 1^ Oct. 1856.
No. 6638. A glaucous-green ascending herb, with deep bright yellow
flowers. Plentiful in rocks and damp pastures throughout the whole
district. In fl. Feb. 1857. No. 6639.
HuiLLA. — A herb with bulbous-tuberous rhizome, tubers moniliform,
erect, 5 to J ft. high, herbaceous-green, stem flattened and like the
leaf-sheaths pilose, flowers yellow. Sepals greenish-purple, upper
petals roundly spathulate, yellow, anterior greenish-purple, concave.
Plentiful in sparsely grassed pastures at Humpata, Jan. 1860.
No. 6586.
14. C. capitata Benth. in Hook. Niger Flora p. 541 (1849) ;
C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 176 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 424.
PuNGO And
(1895).
P. spinosa Sebum. & Tbonn. in Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. iv. p. 211
(1829); Welw. Apont. p. 587, No. 48; Synops. Expl. pp. 7, 44;
Durand & Sebinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 455.' Native name Calolo.
Barra do Daxde. — Growth densely csespitose, very social, occurr-
ing only in damp places on the banks of the lake and river, affording
excellent wine. At present almost stemless, trunk in the adult
fruiting plant 5 to 15 or .30 ft. and higher. Lower leaf-pinnje
spinescent. Spadices proportionately large, thyrsoid, orange-yellow ;
berries obovate-eUiptical, mucronate, the size of a small olive, slightly
fleshy with a taste not unlike "tamar" (tamarind), and a tawny
orange colour. Seed ellipsoid, with a very deep ventral furrow,,
endocarp when mature dull reddish. Plentiful on the banks of the
lake and of the river Dande near Bombo, and everywhere used for
making wine (Maluvo), hence the stems rarely reach a height of more
than 6 to 7 ft. In fr. Sept. 1858. No. 6659. Coll. Cakp. 165.
IcoLO E Bexgo. — 8 to 15 ft., often scarcely 3 ft. or even acaulescent,
leaves 6 to 10 ft. Plentiful and caespitose in damp valleys near
Mundal- Angola between Tantambondo and Quicanda. In fl. Sept.
1856. No. 6658.
Calumguemuo. — (District deduced from Welwitsch's diary of
Sept. 1854). Fruit unripe. Wine-palm ; used also for basket-work.
Sept. 1854. No. 6672.
PuNGO AxDoNGO. — Forms thickets in the marshes, or a stem 15 to
25 ft. and higher, with a comose top, wood very hard and strong, form-
ing excellent timber for houses ; yields excellent wine (Maluvo).
Spadix brick-red-orange, woody-fibrous, male shortly stalked, panicu-
lately branched, flowers snow-white with scarcely a tendency to yeUow,
female spadix with a stalk 2 to 4 ft., orange-coloured, very high,
flattened. Ripe berries dull yellow-orange, small, ^ to ^ in., elliptic-
oblong, sHghtly fleshy but not unpleasant to taste, "seed deeply
furrowed, albumen compact, not reticulate, embryo dorsal. Leaves 12
to 18 ft., petiole with a double furrow on the upper face, lower leaflets
spine-hke, short, upper li ft., fasciculate, opposite, linear-lanceolate,
acuminate, green. Very plentiful on the marshy banks of the rivers
Cuanza, Lombe, etc., and at Sansamanda and Mopopo. In fl. and fr.
Feb. 1857. Nos. 6667, 6659i.
2. RAPHIA Beauv. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 935.
1. R. vinifera Beauv. Fl. Owar. et Ben. i. p. 77, tt. 44^, 45,
461 (1806 or 1807); Drude in Engl. Bot. Jabrb. xxi. p. Ill
(1895); Durand & Sebinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 457.
HuiLLA.^Plentiful but generally almost acaulescent or with a
shortened stem near streams at 5200 to 5800 ft. in Morro de Ijopollo,
on the river of Monino, etc., not seen in flower. April 1860. No. 6657.
Rajihia'] xvii. PALMyE. 83
2. R. textilis Welw. Apont. p. 584 No. 2 (1859) ; Synops. Explic.
p. 39 (1862).
R. Welwitschii Wendl. in Trans. Linn. 8oc. xxiv., p, 439, t. 42 B.
(1864); Driide, I.e.; Durand & Schinz, I.e.
Metroxilo7i textile Welw. Apont., I.e.
GoLUNGO Alto.— No. 6666; Delamboa, Dec. IS;"..^). No. 6671.
Coll. Carp. 1054, 105G. Near rivulets at 1800 to 2000 ft. altitude
and 120 miles from the coast.
Barro do 'D\^\)K.—Metroxylon spec. ? Colonial name Bordao grande.
A palm 30 to 40 ft., stem thick, rather smooth, leaves long-sheathing,
somewhat strict, pinnte 3 to 5 ft. long, midrib raised, spinulose ;
spadices very large, elliptico-cylindrical, pendulous. Berries lacquered-
red, obovate, covered with woody retrorse scales, one-seeded. Gregari-
ous in the river Dande. Pinnae gathered Nov. 1853. No. 6663.
3. R. angolensis Rendle sp. nov.
Among some palm fruits given to the British Museum by Dr.
Welwitsch in 1865 is a specimen which does not accord with any
hitherto described species. It is nearest to R. longiflora Mann &:
Wendl., but is a larger fruit and longer in proportion to its breadth,
4^ in. long by 1-^- in. thick, with pale brown almost square scales
darkening towards the blunt base, the largest slightly exceeding
|- in. each way; seed narrowly ellipsoid with a blunt almost
flattened apex and tapering very gi^adually from above the middle
to the base ; embryo ^V the distance from the top, rumination of
similar character but much rarer than in R. longiflora.
Angola.— Received 1865.
Pechuel-Loesche in his account of his Loango Expedition (iii.
p. 164) gives a new name without description {R. maxima) to a
palm which has a " long large fruit," and may, as Drude suggests,
(^.c, p. 128) be R. Hookeri or the one now in question or some other
long-fruited species.
3. HYPHJENE Gaertn,; Benth, & Hook, f. Gen. PL iii, p, 940.
1, H. guineensis Schum. in Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk, iv. p, 219
(1829); Drude in Engl. Bot, Jahrb, xxi, p, 123 (1895); Durand
& Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 461.
H. coriacea Welw. (non Gaertn.) Apont. p. 584, No, 1 (1859),
Ambriz. — Textile and wine-yielding. Maritime hills near Quizembo.
Nov. 1853. No. 6668. Called by the negroes Diteva Mateva.
Barra do Dande. — Stem generally simple, 10 to 15 ft., more rarely
forked from the middle, or one branch may be twice forked forming 5
heads ; it also occupies large tracts of the coast of Angola, but is
almost acaulescent and never flowers. Spadices breaking from among
the leaves, nodding, soon pendulous. Outer perianth of male flower
tubular, erect, tripartite, subobtuse, thinner than the inner ; inner seg-
ments spreading, spathulate, concave with a dilated hoodlike tip, densely
striately veined, purplish on the outside, greenish-yellow inside. Drupes
as big as a fist, orange-purple, obconic-turbinate, sarcocarp fibrous
mixed with a little pulp which tastes like Cemtoiiia pods, has a
pleasant smell, and is eaten everywhere by negroes and monkeys. The
leaves are used for various domestic purposes. A social plant growing
in large num bers along long tracts of coast from Dande and Lif uae as
84 XVII. PALM^. SJIyphcene
far as the mouth of the Cuanza. In male fl, Lifune Nov. 1853 ; in fl.
and fr. end of Sept. 1858. No. 6670. Called by the negroes Mateva.
Plentiful on dry or sandy hills, especially between Barra do Bengo and
Barro do Dande. Nov. 1853. No. 6662.
LoAXPA. — Very frequent on the coast between Ambriz and Loanda.
Coll. Carp. 1052.
2. H. benguellensis Welw. Synops. Expl. p. 40 (1862) ; Wendl.
inBot. Zeit. xxxix. p. 92 (1881) ; Driide, I.e. ; Durand & Schinz,
I.e., p. 460.
MossAAfEDES. — A very elegant palm with the habit of Hypluene,
stem 20 to 35 ft. high, about i- ft. thick, straight, cylindrical, moder-
ately ventricose above the middle, always simple. Berries exactly
spherical, a shining dull brown. Plentiful in rather damp sandy
places near the banks of the river Caroca near Porto-Pinda and Cabo
Negro, forming very elegant woods round the native village Caroca.
Infr. Sept. 1859. No. 6656.
4. ELiEIS Jacq. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 944.
1. E. guineensis Jacq. Select. Stirp. Amer. p. 280, t. 172 (1763) ;
Welw. Synops. Expl. pp. 43, 44, 53 (1862); Crude in Engl. Bot.
Jahrb.xxi. p. 1 12 (1895); Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 462.
Barra do Bencio. — Plentiful in damp woods on the banks of the
river Bengo. S. Antonio, Dec.1853. No. 6660. Called by the negroes
Die, plural Maie.
GoLUNGO Alto. — Young leaves, second year. Banks of river
Delamboa. May 1855. No. 6664. Wool from the leaf of the oil
palm '' Uruco " or " Urucu." Coll. Cakp. lOGl.
Var. macrosperma Welw. Apont. p. 584. No. 3 (1859).
IcoLO E Bengo.— Quifandongo. May 18(30. Coll. Carp. 1057.
Native name Dihoho. Bengo shore. Sept. 1860. Coll. Carp. 1060.
Yar. microsperma Welw., I.e. Fruit 1^ in. or less.
IcoLO E Bengo.— Banks of river Bengo, August 1858. Coll. Carp.
No. 1058. Native name, Disombo.
GoLUNGO Alto. — Everywhere plentiful in woods. Bango, July
1856. Coll. Carp. 1059.
5. COCOS L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 945.
1. C. nucifera L. Sp. PI. p. 1188 (1753); Drude in Engl. Bot.
Jahrb.xxi. p. 112 (1895).
Loanda. — Plentifully cultivated along the whole coast of Angola
to three and even four leagues inland. Flowers twice or thrice in
each year. Island of Loanda, Jan. 1854. No. 6661. Called by the
Portuguese Coqueiro.
XVIII. PANDANACEiE.
1. PANDANUS L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 949.
1. P. Welwitsehii Ptendle in Journ. Bot. 1894 p. 324, t. 347.
P. {CamUlahrum Fl. Nigr.?) Welw. Apont. p. 586, No. 36 (1859).
PuNGO Andongo.— Stem 1 ft. thick at base, 10 to 15 ft., seldom
more than 20 ft. high. The toughest of all the Angolan plants. The
rapidity with which even the thicker shoots will take root in inundated
Pandanus] xviii. pandanace/E. 85
places is made use of in Cabinda and elsewhere in cutting off from
the main bed small bays of the river when in flood by Pandamfs shoots,
whereby the fish which are in these bays may be very easily caught
when the flood subsides. Fruit ovate-elliptical, shining when ripe,
6 by 3 in. Plentiful, but with interrupted distribution, on the banks
of the river Cuanza, at Candumba, and in Calemba Island, March 1857
(fr. scarcely ripe). No. 5770. Common name Quitari or Quicari.
A tree 10 to 15 ft., palm-like or rather resembling an arborescent
Ananasm. Plentiful on banks of river Cuanza, near Candumba,
March 1857. Coll. Cakp. 1015.
XIX. TYPHACE.E.
1. TYPHA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 955.
1. T. capensis Robrb. in Verbandl. Bot. Ver. Prov. Brandenb.
xi. p. 96 (1870).
T. cequinocticdis Welw. ex Kronf. in Verhaudl. Zool.-bot. Ges.
Wien xxxix. p. 156 (1889).
GoLUXGO Alto.^T. (cqiiinoctialis Welw. ms. Whole plant herba-
ceous-green, becoming glaucous. Leaves with very acute margin,
and broadly sheathing base, sheath with a membranous margin, median
portion of leaf convex, inflated and spongy, upper part and end
flattened. Female spadix separated from the male by only H or
sometimes not ^ line. Spongy marshes on the right of the Coango
and Quiapose. ^July 1855. No. 241. Used for tinder (cf. Suma-
uma = Ceiba).
HriLLA. — Plentiful by river banks near Lopollo along with species
of Polygonum^ Ruriux and Composit:e. In fr. Nov. 1859. Plentiful
in pools on the banks of the stream Quipumpunhine, near Humpata.
In fl. April 18(30. No. 243.
MossiAMEDE?. — Plentiful in deep pools near Mossamedes (Aguadas)
and rather plentiful in lakes at the mouth of the river Giraul. In fl.
and fr. July 1855. No. 244.
The following specimens withoiit flower may belong here.
LoAND.A.. — Rather rare by pools near the sea and near S. Pedro.
Without fl. Feb., May, and July 1854. No. 242.
XX. AROIDE^.
1. PISTIA L,; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 964.
1. P. Stratiotes L. ; Sp. PI. p. 963 (1753).
Var. obcordata Engl, in Mart. Fl. Bras. iii. pt. 2. p. 214 (1878),
in DC. Hon. Phan. ii. p. 634 (1879).
Ambriz. — Lakes and even small slowly flowing streams or ponds
round Quizemba, on the right of the river Loge. Nov. 1854. No. 216.
IfoLo E Bexgo. — Plentiful in lakes round Prata, pj/. in the great
lake of Quilunda, In fl. and fr. 14 Sept., 1854. No. 214. Specimens
growing on the dried-up edges of the lake are distinguished from the
swimming specimens by their more glaucous colour.
PuN(io AxDoxGO. — Plentiful on the sides of the river Cuige near
Quibinda, growing with A::oUa and Nyiiiplum. Without fl. March
1857. No. 215.
86 XX. AROiDE^. [Pistia
Var. linguiformis Engl, in Mart. Fl. Bras., I.e., p. 215, in DC.
Mon. Phan. ii. p. 635.
GoLUNGO Alto.— Nerves prominent below and above. Plentiful in
ponds of but little extent by the banks of the river Quiapoze, near
Sange. In fl. and fr. March 1855. No. 217.
MossAMEDES. — Leaves linguiform, becoming gradually cuneate to-
wards the base, hairy on both sides, veins converging at the base in a
densely hairy area delimited by a bow-shaped line. Very plentiful in
lakes round the mouth of the river Giraiil, growing with Marsilea and
Jussicea repens, 19 July, 1859. No. 218. A specimen in very good
fruit gathered at the same place, Lagoa da Foz do Giraiil, July 1859.
No. 218^'.
2. SAUROMATUM Schott ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.
p. 966.
1. S. nubicum Schott, Syn. Aroid. i. p. 25 (1856) ; Engl, in DC.
Mon. Phan. ii. p. 570 ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 480.
Ambaca. — Tubers hemispherical. Tolerably rare in rock-fissures
in the great cavern called Puri Cacarambola ; Oct. 185(3. No. 229.
3. STYLOCHITON Lepr.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 969.
1. S.? natalense Schott Syn. Aroid. i. p. 132 (1856) ; Engl, in DC.
Mon. Phan. ii. p. 523 ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 479.
PuNGO Andongo. — An acaulescent herb, perennial, with a tuber-
culosa yellow- flesh-coloured rhizome with strong thick fibres 1^ foot
long. Leaves hastate, long-stalked, petiole spotted with purple at the
base, cylindrical, firm, lateral leaf-lobes, obtuse, median shortly and
abruptly acuminate, bright green and somewhat shining above,
glaucous-pruinose beneath ; primary veins all converging. Flowers
apparently hypogseal. Berries whitish, angulate-subpyriform, remains
of stigma forming an umbo, bilocular, one-seeded (one loculus being
generally empty), closely crowded into a shortly-stalked underground
head. Here and there in thickets with short herbage near the stream
between Quilange and Catete on the prsesidium. One specimen with
nnripe fruit, the rest barren ; Feb. 1857. No. 231.
Probably a distinct species ; but, as the material is limited to a single
plant with leaf but no flower or fruit, it is impossible to be more
precise.
4. HYDROSME Schott in Ost. Bot. Wochenbl. vii. p. 389. (1857).
AmorphophaUus Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 971, ex parte.
I. H. angolensis Wehv. ex Schott in Journ. Bot. 1865, p. 35;
Engl, in DC. Mon. Phan. ii. p. 324 ; Durand & Schinz, Consp.
Fl. Air. V. p. 473.
PuNGO Andongo. — A herb with a somewhat orbicular-hemispherical
tuber, bearing long fibres above about the origin of leaf and flower.
Adult leaves 4 to 5 ft., spotted with red at the base, segments subfleshy
to membranous. Peduncle excentric, at the side of the leaf, variegated
with green and purple. Spathe dark purple, hooded, spreading, shorter
than the spadix. Spadix very long (almost G ft.), male flowers follow-
ing closely on the female, appendix long, almost naked, dark purple,
hollow, subobtuse. Anthers dehiscing at the apex by pores, pollen
orange-coloured, protruding like a mucilage. The whole flower ex-
Hydrosme] xx. aroide-e. 87
tremely foetid. Sporadic in the huge shady rocky valleys in the pre-
sidium. In fl. Dec. 1856 and Jan. 18,')?. No. 228. A unique specimen.
The following number also probably belongs to this species : —
Cazengo.— Petiole straight, solid, h inch thick, 3J ft. long, trifid
at the apex, smooth or shortly muriculate. Plentiful, but only seen
in one place, by the streams of Muscaula near the cataract. In fruit
and leaf Dec. 1854. No. 227.
2. H. leonensis Engl. Bot. Jahrb. i. p. 187 (1881); Durand &
^chinz, I.e., p. 474.
Corynojihallus Afzelii Schott in Ost. Bot. Wochenbl., I.e.
C. leonensis Engl, in DC. Mon. Phan. ii. p. 326 (1879).
Sierra Lkone. — Herb-grown slopes of the mountains near Free-
town. Somewhat plentiful, but leaves only were seen ; Sept. 1853.
No. 219.
5. ANCHOMANES Schott; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.
p. 973.
1. A. dubius Schott Prodr. Syst. Aroid. p. 135(1860); Engl,
in DC. Mon. Phan. ii. p. 305, Bot. Jahrb. i. p. 486 ; Durand &
Scliinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 473.
GoLUXGO Alto. — A very distinct genus, near Amorpliophallwi and
Pythonhim in habit, but distinguished by its uninterruptedly andro-
:gynous spadix covered with stamens right to the tip. A huge herb,
with a very large tuber, as big as a child's head, fleshy and succulent,
white inside, dark-coloured outside ; growing up in the spring, foretell-
ing the first rains. Flowers appearing long before the leaf. Tuber
■cylindrical-ovate, 1 to 2 ft. below the surface. Scape 2 to 4 ft., green,
hard, fleshy, solid, muricate, cylindrical. Spathe white, becoming dark
with age, 1 to 14 ft. long, thick, fleshy, stiff, brittle, lanceolate, involute,
nearly straight, slightly hooded at the top. Spadix in well-developed
specimens a foot long. Ovaries dull red or a greenish-livid colour,
■conical, almost with no style, stigma apiculate ; anthers prismatic,
whitish-yellow. Leaf solitary, huge in old specimens and umbrella-
like with a narrow green cylindrical stalk 1 to Ii in. thick, 5 to 11 ft.
high, bristling with prickles, dividing above into three compound
pinnatifid laminge, and having at the base membranous papery sheaths
^ to 1| ft. long, of a rose- or flesh-colour streaked with purple. Full-
grown leaves of old individuals are in their umbrella-like expansion
12 to 14 ft. in circumference, and form one of the grandest ornaments
of the high valleys. The first division of the leaf is radiate trifid, the
further divisions are mostly dichotomous but always in the same plane.
The colour of the leaf is a dark, less often a shining, glistening green.
Berries oblong-clubshaped, i to 5 in. long, hvid purple, 1-seeded.
Flowers from September to November ; leaf perfected in March and
April. Plentiful in mountainous rather shady places by riversides
throughout the whole district, up to about 2000 ft. elevation. Near
Sange, in fl. Nov. 1854. Rocky places on the river Luinha in the Serra
de Alto Queta, Oct. 1855. At the spring of Capopa, March 1855.
No. 224. In fr. June 18.")G ; berries like an olive, black or violet-purple.
Coll Carp. 1017. Specimens of scape and leaves illustrating the
evolution of an individual. Wooded mountainous places near the
banks of rivulets round Sange, Bango-Aquitamba and Trombeta,
•Sept. and Feb. 1856. No. 225 (in part). The appearance of this plant
at the end of the winter season (August and Sept.) is a sign of the
88 XX. AROiDE/E. [Ancho7nanes
early arrival of the spring rains ; that is to say, the sooner in September
the plant appears, the sooner are the first rains expected.
Cazengo. — Spathe fleshy, white, brittle, erect. Rocky wooded
places on the banks of the Luinha. End of Dec. 1854. No. 223.
PuNGO AxDOXGO. — A gigantic herb, with a single leaf developed
after the flower, petiole almost 1 in. thick, 3 to 5 ft. high, trifid above,
leaflets rhomboid. Spathe Ih ft. long, a lurid violet-purplish colour.
Rocky places of Mata de Pungo near Pungo Andongo. In fl. and then
with mature fruit May 1857. Coll. Caup. 1018.
2. A. Welwitscliii Rendle sp. nov. Habit and foliage very
similar to that of the last species ; petiole and rachis of leaf-
segments aculeate, ultimate leaf-segments unequally rhomboidal,
bipartite, peduncle sparsely aculeate ; spathe lanceolate in outline,
straight, hooded at the apex, sulphur-yellowish, spotted with red in
the inside at the base, spadix more than half the length, whitish, the
female portion half the length of the male ; ovaries smooth, greenish,
apex rhomboid-elliptical, somewhat flattened, stigma excentric and
shallowly conical, almost umbonate, with a depressed apex.
Peduncle 9 to 18 in. long by 2 to 2^ lines thick when dried.
Spathe 6 in. long by about 1^ in. greatest diameter ; spadix
about 3 in. long, female portion | in. thick, male ^ in. thick
at the base, tapering gradually towards the apex. Ovary with
stigma 2 lines long.
Resembles in habit both the hitherto known West African
species, but is distinguished from A. Jlookerihy its smooth ovaries
and yellow colour of spathe, while A. dubius differs in its much
larger purplish or white spathe, and narrow conical style.
Pungo Andongo.— Wooded thickets of Mata de Pungo. In fl.
Oct. 1856 ; in leaf March 1857. No. 226 (in part).
Ambaca. — En route from Isanga to Ambaca, middle of Oct. 185G.
Nos. 225 (in part), 226 (in part).
6. COLOCASIA Schott ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 974.
1. C. antiquorum Schott Meletem. i. p. 18 (1832) ; Engl, in DC.
Mon, Phan. ii. p. 491 ; Durand & Schinz, Consp, Fl. Afr. v. p. 478.
GoLUNGo Alto. — Shady woods along sides of streams in Serra
de Alto Queta, but very rarely flowering. Dec. 1864. No. 220.
Rather damp herb-grown woods between Sange and Menha Lula.
Without fl. Sept. 1855. No. 220'.
Cazengo. — Lofty shady places on the Serra de Muchaula, growing
with a species of Hydroamr, but flowers sought in vain. Beginning
of Jan. 1855. No. 220^ This Aroid is cultivated singly here and
there by the so-called Friticeiros, and is regarded as a sacred or magic
plant, but I have nowhere seen it cultivated in Angola for the sake
of its edible tuber.
Pungo Andon(;o. — Woods by streams in Mata de Pungo on the
presidium, but never seen in flower. Feb. 1852. No. 221.
7. ANUBIAS Schott; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 975.
1. A. heterophylla Engl, in DC. Mon. Phan. ii. p. 435 (1879),
Bot. Jahrb. xv. p. 463 (1893) ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr.
V. p. 47G.
Anubias] xx. aroide^. 89
GoLUNGo Alto. — A stiff terrestrial herb, with creeping rhizome
ultimately becoming almost woody. Leaves very polymorphic. Shady
rocky places in primaeval woods at a place called Fonte de Quibolo,
March and April 18r)G. Nos. 237, 238.
Cazex(;o. — A small subcaulescent plant with thick almost woody
rhizome, caudex very short, marked with semicircular leaf-scars, and
bearing at the top 4 to G leaves, which are long-stalked, ovate-lanceo-
late, more rarely slightly cordate at the base, hard and leathery,
shining above, paler beneath, penninerved, the long-sheathed petiole
swollen and bent a little below the blade. Scape lateral, arcuately
ascending ; spathe convolute below gaping a little at the apex, fleshy,
brittle, rather hard, green. Spadix ovate-cylindrical, bearing from
base to middle the slightly separated green ovate ovaries crowned with
a peltate discoid stigma, and from the middle to the obtuse apex the
anthers ; sterile flowers absent. Anthers about S to 10, vertical, with
a thick, peltately truncate connective, unilocular (V) dehiscing length-
wise. Connectives very closely crowded, whitish, anthers snow-white
adnate to the connective in a whorl. Very shady primitive woods
by streamlets in the mountains called Muxaulo, plentiful, but not
often flowering. In fl. beginning of Jan. 1855. No. 236. A unique
specimen.
Some confusion has arisen in regard to the numbers 236 to 238.
Welwitsch, who submitted his material to Schott, names all three
A.Afzelli Schott. Engler in DC. Mon. Phan., I.e., founded a new species,
A. heterophil/ 1<(, on "Welwitsch No. 236 to 238" from Golungo Alto.
Subsequently in Bot. Jahrb., I.e., he quotes for ^-1. Afzdii Angola
Welwitsch No. 237 in herb. Schweinf urth, No. 238 in herb. De Candolle,
and for A. hiteropIiijUa Angola, Golungo Alto, Welwitsch No. 236.
Engler accordingly recognises two species in Angola, ..-l . Af~el/i Nos. 237,
238, and .1. heternjihi/lla No. 236- There is no evidence that he saw
the true Welwitsch No. 236, as Mr. Hiern informs me that no dupli-
cates were distributed. The specimens of 237 and 238 in the British
Museum were all collected in the same locality and at the same time
in Golungo Alto, and are obviously the same, and conform to Engler's
description of .1. heterophylla. They are both in fruit, and may be
distinguished from A. Afzdii by the shorter peduncle, which is about
equal in length to the leaf-stalk.
2. A. Afzelii Schott in Osterr. Bot. Wochenbl. vii. p. 399 ; Engl.
Aracefe Xo. 121, Bot. Jahrb., I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., 1857.
" AxcoLA.— Welwitsch No. 237 in herb. Schweinfurth, No. 238 in
herb. De Candolle." Engl. Bot. Jahrb., I.e.
I have not seen these specimens, and include the species with some
doubt.
8. CALADIUM Vent. ; Benth. A: Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 976.
1. C. bicolor Vent. Descript. PL Gels. t. 30 (1800); EngL in
DC. Mon. Phan. ii. p. 457.
Prince's Island.— Plentiful in damp shady places at the foot of the
mountain (Pico de Papagaio). In fl. Sept. 1^53. No. 222. This
pretty little Aroid is very common in the damp forests, and occurs up
to 1^000 ft. on the Pico de Papagaio. It may, however, have been intro-
duced from Brazil with trees, many of which, e.fj. Persed gndissima,
Pitangueira {Kuf/enid. ?//////<;/•«), etc., were in very early times transplanted
from Brazil to St. Thomas and Prince's Island and have succeeded well.
Island of St. Thomas. — Sept. 1860. No. 6769.
90 XX. AROiDE.E. [Ctdcasia
9. CULCASIA Beauv. ; Bentb. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 980.
1. C. scandens Beauv. Fl. Owar. i. p. 4. t. 3 (1804) ; Engl, in DC.
Mon. Phan. ii. p. 102 ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Ah: v. p. 471.
GoLUNGO Alto. — A very high-climbing shrub, stem as thick as a
duck's quill at the base, and of dull chestnut-colour, herbaceous-green at
2 to 3 ft. high, somewhat woody inside, hard, tough. Leaves ovate-
acuminate or ovate-obloDg, varying in form, coriaceous, shining, pale
green beneath. Scapes and spathes slender, rather rare. Spadix white
(a well-developed one never seen), spathe green. Berries coriaceous,
as big as a small pea, arranged in a short capituliform raceme, one-
seeded. Seeds ovate, subconvex on one face, more or less flat on the
other, marked with an obovate not very deep pit extending from the
base to the middle of the seed. Plentiful in the more lofty primitive
woods of the district, e.g. Mata de Quisuculo near Bango, but a
rather rare flowerer, April 1856. No. 233. Berries scarlet, 8 May,
1856. Coll. Carp. 1016. Very plentiful on shaded ground in dense
woods by the spring of Capopo, but through three years never seen in
flower. In leaf Sept. 1855. No. 235. A unique specimen.
PuNGO Andongo. — A decumbent herb with stem becoming some-
what woody, leaves coriaceous, bright green, paler beneath. Spathe
herbaceous-green, straight, cylindrical, abbreviated, gaping at the top.
Spadix clavate-cylindrical, whitish-yellow, equal in length to the
spathe or a little shorter, slightly exserted at the top. Ovaries few,
occupying ^ or ^ of the spadix, brownish or dull green, more or less
angled, free, unilocular, stigma sessile, subpeltate or patelliform and
somewhat excentric. Shady places in the woods of Mata de Quilanga
near streams. In fl. 14 Feb. 1857. No. 234. Very shady woods on
the islands of Calemba in the river Cuanza, very plentiful, but not
■seen in flower. March 1857. No. 234^. A unique specimen.
2. C. angolensis Welw. ex Schott in Journ. Bot. 1865, p. 35;
Engl., I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e.
GoLUNGO Alto. — Stem very high-climbing woody, leaves coriaceous,
shining above, glaucous and paler beneath, spathe snow-white, resem-
bling that of C'alla j)alustns, spadix yellow, berries scarlet, one-seeded.
Always climbs perpendicularly on tree-trunks, often 60 to 80 ft. high ;
the woody stem retains, even when old, its bright green colour. One
of the greatest ornaments of the primitive woods of Upper Angola,
occurring generally with Phitycerium angoleji-si', high climbing species
of Asparagus and smaller epiphytic ferns. Plentiful in damp shady
primseval woods, climbing to a great height on the trees throughout the
whole district, especially in the Sobato de Bumba and Alto Queta. In fl.
May 1855. No. 239. In fr. July 1856 in woods near Sange. No. 239".
Fruiting top of an individual, 30ft. high, climbing vertically on the trunk
of a Stercidia in primitive woods near Bango-Aquitamba. called Quisu-
culo, Sept. 1855, the ripe fruit scarlet, as big as a small pea. No. 239^.
PuNGO Andongo. — High trunks in the woods of Quilunga, but less
plentiful than in Golungo. In fl. March 1857. No. 240.
10. AROIDES Heister ex Fabric. Enum. PI. (Ed. 2.)p. 42. (1763).
Richardia Kunth ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 982.
1. A. hastatum O.K. {Arodes) Eev. Gen. PI. p. 740 (1891).
Richardia hastata Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5176 (I860); Engl, in
DC. Mon. Phan. ii. p. 328. Zantedeschia hastata Engl. Bot. Jahrb.
iv. p. 64 (1883); Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 477.
Aroides] xx. AROiDEiE, 91
HuiLLA. — A pleasing tuberculose herb, 1 to 3 ft. high, with the
habit of A.athiopJaan, but spathes much smaller, deep sulphur-coloured
at the base, and blood-red inside. Leaves green, becoming glaucous
beneath. Somewhat plentiful in marshes by banks of streams near
LopoUo at an elevation of 5000 ft. In fl. Nov. and Dec. 1859. Nos.
232, 232". Wet spongy places at the great lake of Ivantrda, of lower
growth and flowering later. Feb. 1860. No. 232^.
2. A. angustilobum O.K. (Arocles), I.e.
Richardia angustiloba Schott in Journ. Bot. 1865 p. 35 ; Engl,
in DC. Men. Phan. ii. p. 329. Zantedeschia cmgustiloba Engl.
Bot. Jahrb., I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e.
PuNGO Andongo. — A fine herb, 4 to o ft. high, perennial with a
large oblong tuber. Leaves as much as 5 ft. long. Plentiful in deep
ponds between the islands of Calemba and Quisonde on the right of
the river Cuanza. In fr. March 1857. No. 230. Coll. Cakp. 1020.
Material insufficient for determination.
PuNGO Andongo. — An acaulescent herb, with a single leaf decom-
pound above, spathe very large, with the spadix 2 to 2^ feet. Fruit
elliptical, baccate, scarlet. Woods of Barranco de Catete. In fr.
May 1857. Coll Carp. 1021.
XXI. LEMNACE.E.
1. LEMNA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1001.
1. L. sequinoctialis Welw. Apont. p. 578 (1859).
Z. angolensis Welw. ex Hegelmaier in Journ. Bot. 1865 p. 112;
Hegelm. Lemnac. p. 141 (1868); Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl.
Afr. V. p. 484; Hegelm. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxi. p. 296 (1895).
LoANDA. — The small fronds 3 to 4 together, each with one rhizoid,
ovate-elliptical, smooth, somewhat fleshy, slightly convex, obtusely
longitudinally keeled on the upper face, ellipsoid at both ends,
minutely but distinctly corniculate ; flowers emerging from a marginal
slit. Grows in great quantity and very rapidly, covering large ponds
in a few days with a very dense growth 3 to 5 in. thick. The fertile
fronds with the seeds sink to the muddy bottom, where they germinate
in next year's rains, or if the rains fail will last for years without
hurt. Plentiful in deep ponds after the rains at Museque de Luiz
Gomez, Loanda. In fl. and fr. 10 Jan., 1858. No. 206-
2. L. paucicostata Hegelm. Lemnac. p. 139, t. viii. (1868), and
in Engl. Bot. Jahrb., I.e., p. 294; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 485.
L. minor Hegelm. in Journ. Bot. 1865, p. 112 (non L.).
Ambriz. — Near L, minorhut differs in habit, obovate-elliptical fronds,
etc. Flowers not seen. Plentiful in lakes (Lagoa de Quizembo) on
the right of the river Loge and in almost stagnant streamlets near
Ambriz. Nov. 1853. No. 208.
LoANDA.— Plentiful grownig with WoJffia rrpamid in deep ponds
near Bemposta. March 1854. No. 205 (in part).
IcoLo E Bemgo. — Floating or resting on floating plants or drying
mud, with the habit of L. mhior, but has markedly elliptical fronds
and seems different in other respects. In a lake called Lagoa de
92 XXI. LEMXACE^. [Lerima
Quilunda near Prata, growing with PiMia, XymphaBeaj, etc. 14 Sept.
1854. Somewhat scarce among fronds of A-oUa pcnuata R. Br.
(Welwitsch herb. No. 37) in lakes in the Libongo district, on the left
bank of the river Lifune. Sept. 1858. No. 213.
MossAMEDES. — Fronds obovate-elliptical, with a short but evident
longitudinal keel on the upper surface. Anthers didymous. Plentiful
in deep ponds at the mouth of the river Giraul and near Aguada. In
fl. 18 July, 1859. No. 207.
2. WOLFFIA Horkel ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1001.
1. W. cylindracea Hegelm, Lemnac. p. 123, t. 1, figs. 14, 15
(1868), and in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxi. p. 302 (1895).
Tehnatopliace cylindracea Welw. ex Hegelm. Lemnac. I.e.
Libongo. — Floating, densely gregarious, deep green, shining, root-
less ; fronds cylindrico-elliptical, somewhat convex on both faces, the
longitudinal diameter twice the transverse, apices somewhat obtuse ;
offshoots growing out at the ends of the longitudinal diameter of the
frond from its southern axis. Flowers and fruit vainly sought. In
rocky pools on the mountains behind the Banza de Libongo, in the
purest, freshest drinking-water, where no other water-plant grows.
Sept. 1858. No. 212.
2. W. Michelii Sclileid. Beitr. Botan. i. 229 (1844).
W. arrhiza Wimm. Fl. Schles. 1857, p. 140 ; Hegelm. in Journ.
Bot. 1865, p. 113, Lemnac. p. 124, and in Engl. Bot. Jahrb., I.e.,
p. 301 ; Dnrand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 485.
Barra do Daxde. — Plentiful and gregarious in lakes on the left of
the river Dande, near Bombo, about 8 geographical miles from the
river mouth. In fl. end of Sept. 1858. No. 210.
IcoLO E Bengo. — Lagoa de Quilunda, near Prata, along with Plstia
and Nympheeece. Found in such enormous quantities that it is collected
in baskets with the Pixtia, which is as plentiful, and used as manure.
14 Sept. 1854. No. 211.
3. W. repanda Hegelm. in Journ. Bot., I.e., Lemnac. p. 129, t. 4,
figs. 20-30, and in Engl. Bot. Jahrb., I.e. ; Durand &. Schinz, I.e.
LoANDA. — Fronds oblong-ovate or ovate, a little larger than those of
L. minor, convex on both faces, bearing near the edge on the lower
face a process twice as long as the frond. Flowers on the back of the
frond as in W. urvhizu. Plentiful, mixed with Lemna i^aucicoduta
in deep ponds near Bemposta. In fl. and fr. March 1854. No. 205
(in part).
4. W. Welwitschii Hegelm. in Journ. Bot,, Z.c.,p. 114, Lemnac.
p. 130, t. 4, figs. 1-10, and in Engl. Bot. Jahrb., I.e., p. 300.
W. conguensis Welw. ex Trimen Journ. Bot. 1866, p. 221.
Ambriz. — Fronds large for the genus, exceeding Lcmna polijrrhha in
diameter, very thin, pale green, pellucid, rootless, sometimes floating,
sometimes resting on the river mud. Flowers on the back of the leaf
as in Wnlffift arrhizn, but fruit sought in vain. Growing with other
species of the Order, and with Nymphajeae in the lakes of Quizembo,
and in sluggish streams near Ambriz. In fl. but without fr. Nov. 1853.
No. 209.
Limnophyton\ xxii. alismace.e. 93
XXII. ALISMACE^.
1. LIMNOPHYTON Miq. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii.
p. 1005.
1. L. obtusifolium Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. p. 243 (1855);
Micheli in DC. Mon. Phan. iii. p. 39 (1881); Durand & Schinz,
Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 487.
IcoLO E Ben'GO. — Inner perianth-leaves rose-white, anthers yellow ;
fruits obliquely obovate, anteriorly crested, leaves long-stalked ovate
or triangular-sagittate, lobes acute, with obtuse or acute apex,
glaucescent like the scape and scarcely exceeding the flowering spikes.
Plentiful at the muddy marshy edges of Lagoa de Funda, near
Funda, along with Desmatdhus^ Cijperus articulatus, etc. 13 Sept.,
1854. No. 3010.
XXIII. JUNCAGINE^].
1. TRIGLOCHIN L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1012.
1. T. bulbosum L. Mant. p. 226 (1771); Micheli in DC. Mon.
Phan. iii. p. 99(1881); Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v.
p. 490.
HuiLLA. — A bulbous herb, with greenish flowers. Plentiful in
boggy pastures and on the banks of the river of Lopollo, and near
Ohai (Hai). In fl. and fr. Nov. Dec. 1859, Jan. 1860. No. 3017-
2. T. striatumRuiz&Pav.,Fl.Peruv. iii. p. 72(1802); Micheli
I.e., -p. 101 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 491.
MdSSAMEDES. — A perennial herb, a foot long, leaves flattened, rather
thick, herbaceous-green and erect like the smooth slightly rounded
scape. Perianth-leaves almost greenish, orbicular-ovate, somewhat
concave, thick and fleshy. Capsules obtusely trigonous (the alternate
carpels becoming aborted), trilocular, loculi one-seeded. Seeds erect,
straight, narrow-elliptical, polished, white, with raphe extending from
the hilum to the apical chalaza. Rather rare in brackish swamps with
SalicorneEe, Cre.sm and Scirpoidese, near Aguadas, between Mossamedes
and Cavalheiros not far from the sea. In fr. end of June, 1859.
No. 3016.
XXIV. APONOGETOXACEiE.
1. APONOGETON Thunb. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.
p. 1013.
1. A. abyssinica Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tentam. Fl. Abyss, ii.
p. 351 (1851) ; Engl. Bot. Jahrb. viii. p. 270 (1887); Durand A. — In damp fields formerly planted with Zea Maijs ; very
plentiful but only met with in very few places ; near Lopollo at 5000
feet elevation ; May 1860. No. 2445. On mucous-boggy slopes at
Morro de Lopollo, below the old fortress ; end of May 1860. No. 2445^.
5. E. sp.
Perhaps a new species near E. ahyssinicum, distinguished by
its much broader triangular-subulate, fenestrate leaves. Flower-
heads with whitish involucre and blackish discs ; flowei's trimerous
but too young for more certain determination.
HuiLLA. — In lofty short-grassed pastures flooded in the rainy
season at Morro de Lopollo, growing with small XyrifJeoi and
C'ypemceie but not plentiful. March and April 1860. No. 2451.
Uriocauloil] XXVI, ERIOCAULACEiE. 99
6. E. lacteum Rendle sp. nov.
A handsome plant sometimes 1^- ft. high ; stem suppressed ;
leaves shoi^t, glabrous, densely rosulate, ensiform, blunt, the lower
part inconspicuously fenestrate ; scapes several to a plant, tall,
erect, wiry, twisted, subterete with 5 to 8 longitudinal ridges ;
sheath about twice as long as the leaves, longitudinally striate
and twisted, broadening and with split edges for i of its length
or less below the scarious shortly bifid easily broken apex ;
flower-heads white, densely hairy, depressed globose, the smaller
male, the larger consisting of numerous male flowers surrounding
s, few females ; receptacle convex, villous ; involucral bracts
straw-coloured, more or less fuscous above the middle, broadly
oblanceolate and blunt, i or lanceolate and, especially the inner,
subacute to acute ; outer Horal bracts straw-coloured with often
a fuscous apex, broadly oblanceolate, subacute to acuminate,
slightly hairy, the inner spathulate, shortly acuminate, apex
thickened, shortly and densely hairy ; flowers trimerous, female
sessile, sepals cuneate, flat or slightly concave, apex rounded
bearing short white hairs; petals close above the sepals, narrowly
cuneate, hairy above the middle ending in an apical tuft of white
hairs, with a black bottle-shaped gland below the apex, the odd
petal larger ; ovary trigastrous, styles 3, filiform, almost as long
as the odd petal ; male flowers sessile, sepals unequal, concave
inwards, cuneate with rounded thickened apex, bearing a short
white tomentum on the back in the upper third ; lateral petals
shortly linear-cuneate with a white tomentum on the upper face
and apex, the odd one larger, narrowly cuneate with upper face
densely tomentose, each bearing a central black ovate-conical
gland ; stamens 6, anthers black ; pistil represented by 3 black
central glands.
Plants 7 to 18 in, high; leaves 1 to l^ in. long by 1^ to
2 lines broad above the broad sheathing base; scapes 9 to 18
in. long ; sheath 1^ to 2i in. Flower-heads ^ to 4^ lines in
jperii$
arrangement of the spikelets is quite different, as are also the leaf-
sheaths on the culm. Here and there in marshy meadows by the
banks of the river Cocolovar. A few specimens in flower Feb. 1860.
No.1675. Heads white. In lofty spongy mountainous places at Hum-
pata growing with Ericaceae ; Serra de Oiahoia ; April 1860. No. 6783.
27. C. eleusinoides Kunth Enum. ii. p. 39 (1837) ; Ridl., I.e.,
p. 137.
C. nutans C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 570 (non Vahl).
PuxGO Andoxgo. — Six to eight feet high, culms obtusely trigonous,
branches of the panicle or umbel 1 to 2 ft. Native name, N-t61e,
lintdle. Gregarious, but not in many places, on the banks of the
stream near Quilanga. Used by the negroes for making mats.
Feb. 1857. No. 6941.
28. C. nutans Vahl, I.e., p. 363 ; C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 570.
C. distans Ridl., I.e., p. 138 (non Linn. f.).
PuxGO Andoxgo. — Damp meadows on the banks of the river
Lombe, in the district of Condo ; March 1857. No. 6935.
29. C. distans Linn. f. Suppl. PI. p. 103 (1781); Pddl., I.e.,
p. 138 pro parte; C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 558.
Ppax( e's Island. — Sandy places on the sea-shore near Port de
S. Antonio ; Sept. 1853. No. 7033/^.
LoAXDA. — Marshes at the Represas pequenas (small ponds or
reservoirs) of Sr. Ricardo ; end of April 1854. No. 7047. Represa
de Luiz Gomes to the rear of Alto das Cruzes ; Dec. 1853 and Feb.
1854. No. 7048. Represa de Quicuxe ; May 1854. No. 7054.
Ambaca. — At lake Canguele-Canganga, but not plentiful ; June
1855. No. 7095.
30. C. longus L. Sp. PI. p. 45 (1753).
Var. tenuiflorus Boeck. in Linna^a xxxvi. p. 281 (1869-70) ;
C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 567.
C. lom/us Dumont D'Urville Enum. PI. Or. p. 6 (1822) ; Ridl.,
I.e., (non L.).
MossAMEDES. — Plentiful in damp places on the borders of sugar
plantations ; July 1859. No. 6886.
31. C. rotundus L., I.e.; C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 574.
Var. elongatus Ridl., I.e., (non Boeck.).
Bexgo. — Plentiful in marshy places on the river Bengo, near
S. Antonio ; Dec. 1853. No. 7023.
LoANDA. — At the lake, Quicuxe ; April 1854. No. 7053.
GoLUXGO Alto. — A bulbous-tuberculous plant infesting the fields,
and almost impossible to extirpate when it has once got a hold. This
species and another besides with yellowish spikelets but without
tubers, form twice a year, after each rainy season, green grass-plots.
Plentiful round the villages of the negroes and on the waysides.
Sange ; April 1855. No. 7102 (in part).
32. C. corymbosus Rottb. Descr. & Icon. PI. p. 42, t. vii. fig. 4
(1773) ; C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 554.
C. articulatus forma hand articnlata, Ridl., I.e., p. 141 (non L.).
PuxGO AxDOXGO. — Near C. articulatus, but jointed culms were
Cyperus] xxvii. cyperace^. 117
never observed in this species. Root slightly aromatic. Very
plentiful in thicket-grown marshes on the banks of the river Lombe,
near Lombe ; end of March 1857. No. 6937.
33. C. articulatus L., I.e., p. 44; Ridl., I.e., pro parte; C. B. Clarke,
I.e., p. 548.
Congo.— Edges of lakes, Quizembo ; Nov. 1853. No. 7034.
ICOLO K Benco. — Culms more or less tuberously thickened at the
base, woody and very hard. Plentiful at Lagoa da Funda, near
Funda ; beginning of Sept. 1857. No. 7051. Plentiful at the edges
of the lake Lagoa da Funda growing with [/nnnophytun ohtuH/folium
{Welw. Herb. No. 3010) ; Sept. 1854. No. 7089.
PuNcio Andoxgo. — Root-tubers pleasantly aromatic fragrant, often
used by the negroes for colic. Growing gregariously on the marshy
banks of the river Cuanza, near Sansamanda and Mopopo with Phomix
sjnnosa ; 6 Feb. 1857. No. 6936.
34. C. Zollingeri Steud. in Zoll. Syst. A^erz. Ind. Arch. p. 62
{1854) : C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 581.
C. Uochstetteri Ridl., I.e., p. 126, pro parte (errore, non Nees).
C lucidulus C B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. p. 99 (1884)
pro parte; Eidl., I.e., p. 139, pro parte (non Klein).
C. sphacelatus Ridl., I.e., pro parte (non Rottb.).
SiERKA Leoxe. — Gathered together with other white-headed
Cyperacese during a heavy rain, in pleasantly green meadows, between
Preetown and the neighbouring mountains, close up to the city ;
Sept. 1853. No. 7058.
PuNGO Andoxgo. — Three, more rarely 4 ft. high, with a bulbous
tuberous aromatic root smelling like Jcorux Calanim^ culms erect or
oblique, umbel with few rays, spikes nodding or even pendulous. Plen-
tiful in thickets between the river Cuanza and Caghuy ; 15 Jan. 1857.
No. 6940 (in part).
35. C. Schweinfurthianus Boeck. in Flora, Ixii. p. 553 (1879);
C. B. Clarke in Durand & Scliinz, I.e., p. 576.
C. Hochstetteri Ridl., I.e., p. 126, pro parte (errore, non Nees).
6'. lueidulus C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn, Soc, I.e., pro parte ;
Ridl., I.e., p. 139, pro parte (non Klein).
PuNGO AxDONGO.— Quitage on the Cuije ; Mar. 1857. No. 6940 (in
part).
Very near to the last species.
36. C. sphacelatus Rottb. Descr. & Icon. PI. p. 26 ; Ridl., I.e.,
p. 139, pro parte ; C. B. Clarke in Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 577.
C. pustulatus Ridl., I.e., p. 138 (non Vahl).
Sierra Leone. — Near a stream in the city of Freetown, not far
from the ocean, almost damped by the sea-water ; Sept. 1853. No. 7056.
LoAXDA. — No. 7102 (in part).
GcjLUNGO Alto. — Widely and densely caespitose, annual. On
sandy flooded ground at the foot of Mt. Cungulungulo, but rare ;
end of Jan. 1855. No. 7070. Grassy places near Sr. Rodrigo's
house, but rare ; Feb. 1855. No. 7090.
37. C. esculentus L., I.e., p. 45 ; Ridl, I.e. ; C. B. Clarke, I.e.,
p. 559.
GoLUXGO Alto.— Gravelly places at the foot of Mt. Cungulungulo,
118 XXVII. CYPERACE/E. [Cyjjerus
but here and there only ; end of Jan. 1855. No. 7098. Meadows
and pastures round Sange springing up after the rains ; Nov. 1853.
Very plentiful in the herb-grown pastures throughout Sobato Bumba
after the rains ; Oct. to Dec. 1855. No. 7102 (in part).
PuNGO A>D\ to 5 or even 7 ft. high,,
culms and leaves shining green, flower-panicles yellowish gold. Very
plentiful round the lake on the banks of the river Dande near Bombo ;
in fl. Sept. 1858. No. 7042.
Barra no Bengo. — Plentiful in marshy places by the lake of
Quifandongo ; Dec. 185:5. No. 7080. A beautiful plant, with tawny-
gold flowers. Lake Quifandongo ; Feb., Dec, and May. Coll. Carp.
1068.
LoAXDA. — Culm acutely triangular ; leaves with a long broad
sheath, shorter than the culm, deeply channelled, acutely carinate.
Plentiful in marshes and by artificial ponds near Boa Vista, growing
more than 3 metres high ; August 1854. No. 7043.
HuiLLi.— Forest swamps in the Mupanda river; Feb. 1860. No. 6870.
C^/perUs] XXVII. CYPERACEiE. 119
44. C.radiatus Vahl,?.c.,p. 369; Eidl.,^.c.; C. B.Clarke, Z.c, p. 573.
Barra do Daxde. — A sparsely ca3spitose annual, culms erect, 2 ft.
high, triquetrous, firm, deep purple towards the apex and on the base
of the involucre ; young spikes cylindrical, adult and seed-bearing
more or less swollen and distorted, in the young and flowering stage
green, when old a dull brown. Nut triquetrous. Habit of Mar/scus.
In wet sandy clayey places round the lake on the right of the river
Dande near Bombo ; end of Sept. 1858. No. 7036.
IcoLO E Bengo. — Annual, 1 ft. high, laxly cajspitose, culms ascend-
ing, spikes cylindrical, greenish, dilated, distorted and dull brown
when in fruit, spikelets bifariously compressed. On the banks of a
lake near Folo, but not plentiful ; Sept. 1857. No. 7030.
45. C. exaltatus Eetz. Obs. v., p. 11 (1789).
Yar. dives C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. See. xxi. p. 187
(1884) ; in Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 561.
C. dives Delil. Fl. d'Egypt. p. 149, t. 4. fig. 3 (1812); Eidl, I.e.
GoLUXGO Alto. — A fine plant 4 to 7 ft. high, with an obtusely
trigonous polished culm. Plentiful by the Quango and Quiaposa
streams near Sange ; Nov. 1854. No. 7091.
PuxGo Andoxgo. — Between Condo and Quisonde in wooded marshy
places ; March 1857. No. 6939.
46. C. callistus Eidl., I.e., p. 143 ; C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 551.
LoANDA. — A noble plant 4 to 5 feet high with beautiful and striking
tawny-gold flower panicles ; fibres of root-stock bulbiferous, bulbs
with chestnut-coloured tunics, ovate-acute. Grows sparsely among
herbage by ponds near Quicuxe ; March 1854. No. 7079.
Material insufficient for determination.
St. Vincent, Cape Verde Isl.a.nds. — Growing in very thick tufts,
but not yet well-developed. Shore near Porto de Mindello ; August
1853. No. 7022.
LoANDA. — Sandy mud near Cabo Lombe ; Apr. 1858. No. 7024i (in
part).
HuiLLA. — Dried up swamps near Nene ; May 1860. No. 6878.
C. Amnicola Eidl., I.e., p. 131 (.non Kunth).
5. MARISCUS Gaertn. Fruct. i. p. 11 (1788).
Cyperus L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1043, pro parte.
1 . M. durus C. B. Clai-ke in Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr v.
p. 587.
Cyperus durus Kunth Enum. ii. p. 76 (1837).
C. ketus Eidl. in Trans. Linn. See. Ser. 2, ii. p. 138 (1884)
(non Presl.).
HuiLLA. — Wet wooded places now almost dried up near Eme, on
the way to lake Ivantala ; beginning of May 1860. No. 6860.
2. M. rufus H.B.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. i. p. 216. t. 67 (1815);
C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 592.
Ci/perus ligularis L. Amoen. Acad. v. p. 391 (1760) ; Eidl, I.e.,
p. 142.
Prince's Island. — Rather rare in somewhat damp places on the
edges of woods in the ascent of Pico de Papagaio ; Sept. 1853.
No. 7037. Apparently a viviparous form found at the same place and
even in the same tuft ; Sept. 1853. No. 7037/'.
120 XXVII. CYPERACE^. [Mccvisciis
3. M. Dregeanus Kunth, I.e., p. 120; C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 586.
Cyperus duhius Boeck. in Linnjea xxxvi. p. 336 (1869-70) ;
Ridl., I.e., p. 133, pro parte (non Rottb.)
Loan DA. — Heads whitish, fleshy. Grassy herb-grown places in sandy
soil near Penedo, but rare ; May 1854 ; No. 6807-
4. M. coloratus Nees in Linnsea ix. p. 286 (1834) ; C. B. Clarke,
I.e., p. 585.
(Jyperus duhius Boeck. I.e., Ridl., I.e., pro maxima parte (non
Rottb.).
PuNGO Andongo. — On wooded rocks near Quilanga growing with
Ophioglossum vittatum ; Dec. 1856. No. 6802. A succulent plant ;
culms bulbous at the base, leaves shining coriaceous-rigid, heads white,
glumes subfleshy. Plentiful on the rocks of the presidium in places
rich in humus, e.g. near Cazella at the washerwomen's brook ; in fl.
Dec. and Feb. 1856-7. No. 7162. No. 7148 (no information).
HuiLLA. — Wooded pastures at Monino ; end of Jan. 1860. No. 6804.
5. M. ferax C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 587.
Cyperus ferax L. Rich, in Act. Soc. d'Hist. Nat. Paris, i. p, 106
(1792); Ridl., I.e., p. 142 (excluding obs. of Welwitsch).
Prince's Island. — Spikelets yellowish green, more rarely reddish.
Culms sometimes 6 feet high. On the damp sandy shore at Porto San
Antonio, but rather rare ; Sept, 1853. No. 7033.'
IcoLO E Bengo.— Csespitose in wet places together with Pistia
stratiotes var. ohcordata (Herb. Welw. No. 214), on the edges of the
lake of Quilunda ; 5 Sept. 1857. No. 7062.
HuiLLA. — Damp fields among Sorghum plantations near Monino ;
Feb. 1860. No. 6880.
6. M. eurystachys C. B. Clarke, I.e.
Cyperus eurystachys Ridl., I.e.
HuiLLA. — Growing sporadically among herbage in rather damp
places in mixed woods along with species of Gladiolus ; end of April
1860. No. 7061.
7. M. tanyphyllus C. B, Clarke, I.e., p. 594.
Cyperus tanyphyllus Ridl., I.e.
Golungo Alto. — Rather poor thicket-grown places near Sange ;
Dec. 1854. Here and there in lofty wooded places near Banza de
Quilombo ; Jan. 1855. No. 7010. Growing caespitosely in primseval
woods, Sobato Quilombo-Quiacatubia ; Feb. 1865. No. 7171^. Prim-
aeval woods of Quibanga ; Dec. 1855. No. 70066.
8. M. macrocarpus Kunth, I.e. ; C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 589.
Cyperus Jlavus Ridl., I.e., p. 144 (non Boeck.)
PuNGO Andongo. — Candumba ; Jan. 1857. Calemba Island, Cuanza;
and Condo, Quisonde ; Mar. 1857. No. 7009.
9. M. Myrmecias C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 590.
Cyperus Myrmecias Ridl., I.e.
HuiLLA. — Widely caespitose. Plentiful on sandy ant-hills in wooded
meadows between LopoUo and Monino ; March and May 1860.
Mariscus] xxvii. cyperace^. 121
No. 7059. Among herbage in the clearer mixed woods of Monino.
Scarcely csespitose ; April 1860. No. 7060.
10. K. umbellatus Vahl Enum. ii. p. 376 (1806) ; C. B. Clarke,
I.e., p. 595.
Cyperus umbellatios C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. See. xx. p. 296
(1883); Ridl, I.e. (non Benth.).
Sierra Leone. — Mountain woods above Freetown ; Sept. 1853.
No. 7062.
Prince's Island. — Heads green spiciform almost sessile or unequally
stalked. Plentiful in sparsely grassed woods near Porto San Antonio ;
Sept. 1853. No. 7063. An erect perennial, spikes green, stalked,
leaves grass-like, rigidulous, shining, tough. Plentiful in rather dry
woods in the lower regions. Porto San Antonio; Sept. 1853. No.7064.
GoLUNGO Alto. — Primitive forest of Quibanga; Dec. 1855. No. 7006.
PuNGO Andongo.^ — A yellowish-green herb, shining, rigiduloup.
Bracts with palm-like arrangement, heads greenish. Shady places at
the Cataract of Calunda on the prjesidium ; Nov. 1856. No. 7009.
Nos. 7159, 7165 (no information).
In palm-groves ; Oct. Nos. 7008, 7008& (without locality).
Material insufficient for determination.
Ambriz. — Gravelly places near Ambriz. Part flowering ; Nov. 1853.
No. 7040.
Tribe ii. SCIRPE.K
6. ELEOCHARIS R. Br.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1047.
1. E. chsetaria Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. ii. p. 154 (1817);
Ridl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2. ii. p. IAS (IIeIeocha7'is) ; C. B.
Clarke in Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 597.
HuiLLA. — Lofty pastures of Morro do Monino, in sandy places
grown with short herbage and flooded in the rainy season ; growing
intermingled with other glumaceous plants ; April 1860. No. 6964.
2. E. anceps Ridl, I.e. (Ileleocharis) ; C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 596.
PuNGO Andongo. — A densely ctespitose herb, with erect two-edged
flattened culms, and linear many-furrowed glaucescent leaves. Damp
sandy places near Condo on the wooded banks of the river Cuanza ;
beginning of March 1857. No. 6817. A small annual laxly csespitose
plant, with spreading culms and leaves. Damp grassy woods between
Mopopo and Sansamanda ; in fr. 1 May 1857. No. 7170-
3. E. fistulosa Link Jahrb. Gewachsk. i. Heft 3. p. 78 (1820);
C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 598.
Ileleocharis 2)lantagi7iea Ridl., I.e. ; p. 149 pro parte (non R.Br.).
Ambaca. — Fairly plentiful at lake Cangufele-Canganga, not far from
the river Caringa ; June 1855. No. 6842.
4. E. palustris R. Br. Prodr. Fl. N. Holl. p. 224(1810); Ridl.,
I.e. (Heleocharis) ; C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 600.
HuiLLA. — Style said by Welwitsch to be trifid but this is not borne
out by examination of the specimens. Damp sandy places on the
river in the Lopollo district growing with many other ScirpoidejB ; in
fl. and fr. Apr. 1860. No. 6969.
5. E. plantaginea R. Br., I.e. ; Ridl., I.e., pro parte (Ileleocharis) ;
C. B. Clarke, I.e.
Cazengo. — Rhizome tuberous, aromatic, highly esteemed by the
122 XXVII. CYPERACE^. [Ekochciris
natives as a remedy for chest diseases, and everywhere cultivated
by them. Cultivated specimens without flower picked at Sensala on
the journey to Muxaula ; Dec. 1854. No. 7013.
HuiLLA. — At wooded ponds by the river Cacolovar near lake
Ivantala, but not yet well developed ; end of Feb. 1860. No. 6968.
7. FIMBRISTYLIS Vahl ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii.
p. 1048, pro parte.
1. F. monostachya Hassk. PL Jav. Par. p. 61 (1848); Eidl. in
Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2. ii. p. 149; C. B. Clarke in Durand &
Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 607.
Ahildgaardia monostachya Vahl Enum. ii. p. 296.
HuiLLA. — Spikes white. Sandy clayey meadows among short herbage
between Monino and Erne, plentiful in a single locality ; beginning of
AprillSGO. No. 6839.
2. F. squarrosa Vahl, I.e., p. 289 ; RidL, I.e. ; C. B. Clarke, I.e.,
p. 609.
Dande. — A densely caespitose annual, culms erect, the lateral
spreading, 4 to 5 in. high, angled, fairly rigid for the size of the plant.
The whole plant of a bright green when alive, appearing hoary when
dried from the white hairs by which it is covered on all sides. Seen
in one place only but plentiful there, on the banks of the larger lake
near Bombo ; in fl. end of Sept. 1858. No. 6997.
3. F. diphylla Vahl, I.e. ; C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 603.
F. communis Kunth Enum. ii. p. 234 (1837j ; RidL, I.e., p. 150.
Sierra Leone.— Sept. 1853. No. 6991.
Ambriz. — Damjigrassyplaces south of the town; Nov. 1853. No. 7002.
Ambaca. — Widely ctespitose, 1 to 1§ ft. high. Rather plentiful in
spongy places on the left of the river Caringa ; June 1855. No. 7018.
GoLUNOo Alto. — Damp palm-groves on the river Cuanga ; Nov.
1855. No.7017. PasturesofQuilombo-Quiacatubia; Jan. 1855. No.7019.
PuxGO AxDONGO.— Lake of Quibinda ; March 1857. No. 6823i.
Here and there in wet places near Cazellas, 6 Jan., Sansamanda, Feb.,
Manghe-Candumba and Umbilla on the Cuanza, March 1857. No. 6827
(in part). Muta Lucala ; March 1857. No. 6830c. Perennial 2 to 2^ ft.
high, culm polished, leaves with long scattered hairs. Here and there
on banks of streams near Quilanga ; Feb. 1857. No. 6830'/. Quitage
on the Cuije. No. 6832. Plentiful on marshy banks of the river
Cuanza near Sansamanda ; 6 Feb. 1857. No. 6834. Ctespitose with
erect more or less hairy culms, and rigidulous glaucescent leaves.
Cultivated ground on the stream Midge near Caghuy ; end of Feb. 1857.
No.' 6835^. No. 7169 (no information).
4. F. pilosa Vahl, I.e., p. 290; C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 608.
F. communis RidL, I.e. (non Kunth).
PuNGO Andongo. — Pedras de Guinga ; Jan. 1857. No. 6827 (in part).
5. F. ferruginea Vahl, U-., p. 291; RidL, I.e., p. 149; C. B.
Clarke, I.e., p. 606.
MossAMEDES. — Dried-up lakes on the banks of the river Caroca, but
not plentiful ; Sept. 1859. No. 6970-
Var. graminea RidL, Ic.
St. James' Island.— Plentiful ; Jan. 18G1. No. 7105.
Fimhristylis\ xxvii. CYPERACEiE. 123
6. F. exilis Roem. & Schnlt. Syst. Veget. ii. p. 98 (1817) ; C. B.
Clarke, I.e., p. 604.
F. Hildebrandtii Ridl., I.e., p. 155, et var. egregia Eidl., I.e., p. 156.
F. hisjnchda Kunth, I.e., p. 227.
A.MBRiz. — Low gravelly hills near the town ; very plentiful and
polymorphic ; Nov. 1853. No. 7001.
Luanda. — Cajspitose, glaucous, spikelets ovate-acute in umbels of
2 to 5. Plentiful on the gravelly shores of Casanga Island, 3,^ leagues
south of Loanda, below Barra da Corimba ; 30 April 1854. No. 6983.
Gravelly places near Museque de Sr. Luiz Gomes ; May 1854. No.
6984. Sandy places flooded in the rainy season near Imbondeiro dos
Lobos, March, gravelly places near Cacuaco, April 1854. No. 6985.
Road to Calumbo, Ih leagues from Loanda ; May 1854. No. 6986.
Sandy places near Penedo ; Jan. 1859 ; Quicuje, on the last excursion ;
Aug. 1860. No. 6996. Plentiful on the sandy sea-shore of Praia de
Bispo and of Zamba Grande ; Feb. 1858. No. 6998. Sandy pastures
usually flooded in the rainy season, near Maianga do Poco ; end of
Dec. 1867. No. 6998&. Sandy short-grassed places near Forte de
Penedo but rather rare ; Dec. 1857. No. 6998c.
(?) GoLUNGO Alto.— No. 7012/v (no information).
PuNGO AxDONCio. — Sandy thickets between the prassidium and the
river Cuanza ; Dec. 1856. No. 6822. With Pohjgala afrkana in
meadows at Catete, Jan., swampy pastures round the prsesidium and
marshy places near Luxillo, April 1857. No. 6823 (in part). Dec. 1856 ;
No. 6826. Spongy marshes towards the south of the pr^esidium ;
Dec. 1856. No. 6827/' (in part). Calunda ; Jan. 1857. No. 6828 (in
part). Sandy marshes Ijetween the presidium and Quilanga ; Feb.
1857. No. 6831 (in part). No. 6831i. Lombe growing with 5t>?/»o«^i«
platyptera Baker (Herb. No. 1512) ; Mar. 1857. No. 6833. Nos. 7152,
7161 (no information).
HuiLLA. — Among tufts of Xyridea3 in the more lofty pastures of
Morro de Lopollo. A unique specimen found in the beginning of
May 1860. No. 6946. Sandy pastures, in places which are flooded
in summer, between Catumba and Hay ; April 1860. No. 6953. Low
sandy hills grown with short thicket between Nene and Ferrao da
Sola ; beginning of Dec. 1859. No. 6954. Growing sporadically in
tufts in the wooded pastures of Monino ; April 1860. No. 6956.
Abandoned fields round Sonsala do Monino, Feb., and at the end of
April almost everywhere round Lopollo, 1860. No. 6957.
6. F. complanata Link Hort. Berol. i. p. 292 (1827); Padl,
I.e., p. 150 ; C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 602.
PungoAndongo. — Banksofstreamsnear Luxillo; Feb. 1857. No. 6835.
HuiLLA. — Rather poor thicket-grown pastures which are flooded in
summer, near Eme ; end of March 1860. No. 6971.
7. F. obtusifolia Kunth, I.e., p. 240 ; C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 608.
F. rigidida Bidl., I.e. (non Kunth).
Loanda. — Widely and densely casspitose, fixed by its very tough,
long, and almost unbranched root-fibres in the beds of Halhnum
Portulacastrum on the seashore. Culms erect, 1 to '1 feet, flattened
and two-edged, generally twice or thrice twisted, leafy at the base ;
leaves linear, coriaceous, shining, roundly channelled, forming tufts
resembling Anneria mar it/ma. Spikelets many-flowered, dull chestnut-
coloured. Caryopsis dull chestnut, hard and crustaceous, obovate,
obtusely trigonous with truncate apex, and finely transversely rugulose
124 XXVII. CYPEEACE.E. [Fimbristylis
surface. Seen only in one place on the sandy seashore of Baia da
Zamba Grande to the south-west of Loanda ; in fl. and fr. 16 Jan. 1869.
No. 6993.
8. BULBOSTYLIS Kimth Enum. ii. p. 205 (1837).
FiinhristijUs Vahl ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI, ill. p. 1048, pro
parte.
1. B. macra C. B. Clarke in Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr.
V. p. 614.
Fimbristylis macra Ridl. in Trans.' Linn. Soc. ser. 2. ii. p. 150
<1884).
HuiLLA. — Rather poor thicket-grown pastures in the LopoUo district,
on the right of the river ; not plentiful ; Feb. 1860. No. 6955.
2. B. aphyllanthoides C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 611.
Fimbristylis wphyllanthoides Welw. ex Bidl., I.e., p. 151.
PuNGO Andongo. — Low sunny wooded hills near Condo, on the
right of the river Cuanza ; simulating Statice. Also Quisonde. March
1857. No. 6837.
3. B. schoenoides C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 616.
Fimbristylis Kunthiana Ridl., I.e.
HuiLLA. — On low hills of decomposed sandy schist, near Nene;
Nov. 1859. No. 6949.
4. B. melanocephala C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 615.
Fimbristylis melanoceijhala Ridl., I.e.
HuiLLA. — In pastures among short herbage with species of Xyris
and Eriocaulon on the way from Morro de Lopollo to Humpata ; not
elsewhere seen ; April 1860. No. 6947-
5. B. cardiocarpa C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 612.
F. cardiocariKL Bidl., I.e., p. 154 (non F. Muell.).
PuNGO Andongo. — Erect, IJ ft. high, heads dull purple. In rather
damp and lofty places on Pedras de Guinga ; Jan. 1857. No. 6816.
HuiLLA. — Lofty pastures of Morro de Monino ; end of March 1860.
No. 6948. Rather damp herb-grown slopes of Morro de Monino ;
end of April 1860. No. 6960.
6. B. filamentosa C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 613.
Fimbristylis eollina Ridl., I.e.
GoLUNGO Alto. — Simulating Juncus Jacquinii. Plentiful in lofty
{2200 ft.) mountainous places covered with short grass and dwarf
shrubs to the east of Quilombo-Quiacatubia, Sobato de Quilombo ;
end of Jan. 1855. No. 7004. On the lofty slopes of the Queta
mountains ; Nov. 1855. No. 7004i.
PuNGO Andongo. — Culms erect but weak and quivering, aggregated
in loose tufts. In the higher pastures of the priesidium at the foot
of Pedra de S. Antonio ; Nov. 1856. No. 7151.
7. B. abortiva C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 610.
Fimbristylis Jiexuosa Ridl., I.e., p. 155.
PuNGO Andongo. — An annual 2 ft. high, with fibrous root, striate
culms, capillary rigidulous flexuose leaves and diffuse panicles. In
almost dried-up marshes near Banza do Soba de Umbilla, but rather
rare ; March 1857. No. 6828 (in part). Damp wooded sparsely
XXVII. CYPERACE^.
125
grassed thickets between Candumba and Mangue ; March 1857.
No. 6829.
8. B. capillaris Nees in Mart. Fl. Brasil. ii. pt. 1, p. 84 (1842).
Var. trifida C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 612.
Fiynhristylis capillacea Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. ii. p. Ill (1855);
Eidl., I.e., p. 153.
PuNGO Andongo.— Pedras de Guinga ; Jan. 1857. No. 6819.
HuiLLA. — Plentiful in sandy short thicket-grown places between
Empalanca and Humpata : end of May 18G0. No. 6958- In
pastures with short herbage, flooded in the rainy season. Only
slightly developed at the beginning of Dec. 1859, but at the end of
May 1860 growing everywhere about Empalanca. No. 6958/^.
9. B. parva 0. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 615,
Fimbristylis j^cirva Ridl., I.e.
PuNGO Andongo. — Wet pastureland round the prsesidium, Feb.
to beginning of April, and in marshy places near Luxillo, April 1857.
No. 6823 (in part). Wooded marshes near Quilanga ; Feb. 1857.
No. 6831 (in part).
10. B. Burchellii C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 612.
Fimhristylis Burchella Ficalh. & Hiern in Trans. Linn. Soc,
I.e., p. 28.
F. huillensis Eidl., I.e., p. 154.
HuiLLA. — In the higher pastures of Empalanca, growing in dense
masses over large areas with species of Xyris and Ascniejiis ; March
and April 1860. No. 6950. Plentiful in thicket-grown pastures on
the edges of woods at Catumba ; beginning of May 1860. No. 6951.
11. B. andongensis C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 611.
Fiinbristylis andongensis Ridl., I.e., p. 153.
PuNGO Andongo. — Annual, csespitose, a span high, culms and leaves
erect, slender, spikes more or less panicled. Rather damp shortly
grassed pastures at the foot of Pedra Songue, near the stream Casengue;
beginning of Jan. 1857. No. 6823 (in part). Densely csespitose,
hoary green, spikelets bearded with long white hairs. At the stream
of Caghuy in secondary thickets ; middle of Jan. 1857. No. 6824.
No. 6827^ (in part), no information.
Var. glabra Ridl., I.e. ; C. B. Clarke, I.e.
F. quaternella Ridl., I.e., p. 152.
PuNGO Andongo. — Sunny wooded places between Condo and
Quisonde ; March 1857. No. 6820. Pedra Cambondo, Feb. ; Muta
Lucala, March 1857. No. 6821. Ctespitose among Dicramun
sphignoideum in short-grassed pastures on the volcanic rocks of the
prassidium ; Jan. 1857. No. 6825. Pedras de Guinga ; Jan. 1857.
No. 6827i (in part). Marshy places in the prsesidium ; Feb. 1857.
No. 6830. Pedras de Guinga, March 1857. No. 68306.
12. B. megastachys C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 614.
Fimbristylis megastachys Ridl., I.e., p. 156.
HuiLLA. — Plentiful in rather dry low hills at the edges of woods
near Catumba ; end of March and beginning of May 18G0. No. 6952.
13. B. oritrephes C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 615.
Fimhristylis oritrephes Ridl., I.e., p. 155.
126 XXVII. CYPERACE^. [Bulbosti/Us
GoLUNGO Alto. — Very plentiful in lofty short-grassed mountain
places (about 2,200 ft.) at the east of Banza de Quilombo, Sobata
Quilombo ; long past flowering, end of Jan. 1855. No. 7016. On the
short-grassed slopes of the Queta mountains ; Nov. 1855. No. 7020.
14. B. trabeculata C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 616.
Fimhristylis barbata, var. subtristachya Ridl., I.e., p. 152.
LoANDA.— A very slender plant ; heads with 3 to 4 spikelets in a
two-leaved involucre. Plentiful in gravelly soil on the island of
Casanga or Ca^anga, south of Loanda ; 30 April 1854. No. 6982.
Here and there on the sandy sea-shore of Praia de Zamba Grande and
Maianga d'El Rei ; 13 Feb. 1858. No. 7000. A cKspitose annual,
3 to 5 in. high ; spikelets linear-lanceolate, laxly cymose, somewhat
fuscous. Praia de Zamba Grande ; May 1858. Coll. Carp. 1115.
MossAMEDES. — Cabo Negro. Rather damp places on the banks of
the river Caroca (now almost dried up), but not very plentiful ;
Sept. 1859. No. 6962.
9. SCIRPUS L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 1049.
llemicar'plm Nees ; Benth. & Hook, I.e., p. 1053.
1. S. fluitans L. Sp. PL p. 48 (1753); RidL in Trans. Linn.
Sec. ser. 2. ii. p. 156 ; C. B. Clarke in Durand & Schinz, Consp.
Fl. Afr. V. p. 621.
HuiLLA. — Sometimes growing erect and widely csespitose in the
mud, sometimes floating in very great tufts in the river. Caryopsis
obovate-orbicular, evidently stalked, biconvex and subcompressed,
slightly thickened round the margin, faces smooth, apex mucronulate
with the thickened style-base. Plentiful on the sandy-clayey banks
and in the water of the river Quipumpunhime, Sobato Humpata,
decorating extensive areas with a very pleasant green ; Oct. 1859.
No. 6965. 3 to 5 ft. long ; plentiful in streams on the Humpata plain ;
21 March 1860. No. 6966. Stream-swamps near Mumpulla growing
with Ottdla, Xyrh, and Juncus ; Oct. 185*J. No. 6967.
2. S. angolensis C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 617.
S. spadiceus Boeck., var. ciUatus PiidL, I.e.
Puxdo Andonoo. — Spikes very compact, deep purple, almost black
when alive. Damp lofty pastures of Pedra Songue and Cazella, Jan.
and Feb. ; marshy places in the heights of Pedra Songue, April 1857.
No. 6836. Growing in dense masses in rather damp soil on rocks
covered with short herbage near Catete in the presidium. No. 7166.
3. S. articulatus L., I.e., p. 47 ; PtidL, I.e., p. 157 ; C. B. Clarke,
Z.C., p. 618.
S. articulatus var. major Boeck. in Linnsea xxxvi. p. 702
(1869-70) ; RidL, I.e.
Congo. — Widely csespitose on the edges of the pool Lagoa de Qui-
zemba, growing with Cijperua articuhitns ; Nov. 1853. No. 6978.
IcoLO E Bengo. — Plentiful on the marshy margin of Lagoa de
Funda ; Sept. 1854. Nos. 6851, 6979.
PuxGO Andongo. — Very rare in the loftier woods of Pedras de
Guinga, round deep ponds growing with Lythracese ; Mar. 1857.
No. 6850.
4. S. corymbosus Heyne ex Roth. Nov. PL Sp. p. 28 (1821);
RidL, I.e., p. 158 ; C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. G20.
5. corymbosus, var, microstachyus Boeck., I.e., p. 706.
Scirpus] XXVII. CYPERACE/E. 127
Ajibaca. — Leafless, 3 ft. high, rhizome creeping, sterile culms
subulate. By pools near the right bank of the river Lucala ; 17 Oct.
1856. No. 6846.
Cazengo. — 6 to 10 ft. high. Principally u.sed in the manufacture of
matting. Byand in mountain streams near Palmira ; Dec. 18o4. No. 7015.
GolungoAlto. — Varzeadolsidro, nearSange; Feb.lSoG. No.7015i.
PuNGO Andoxgo. — Marshes between Condo and Quisonde, not far
from the river Cuanza ; Mar. 1857. No. 6849.
HuiLLA. — On the banks of Lake Ivantala growing with species of
Polygonum and floating Commelineas ; end of Feb. 18(30. No. 6976.
Plentiful in marshes by the river of Catumba towards Hay, growing
with Typha and near species of Ottclia; beginning of May 1860. No. 6977-
5. S. litoraUs Schrad. Flor. Germ. i. p. 142 (180G).; C. B. Clarke,
I.e., p. 625.
.S'. suhidatus Vahl Enum. PI. ii. p. 268 (1806) ; Ridl., I.e.
PuNGO AxDONGo. — Rush-like, leafless, 4 ft. and higher ; rhizome
tuberous, stoloniferous. Salinas do Dungo, near Quitage. Marshy
meadows on the river Cuanza, near N-billa ; Mar. 1857. No. 6847-
MossAMEDES. — 8 to 9 ft. and even higher, rhizome horizontal
creeping, culms erect cylindrical, as thick as the middle finger, very
glaucous. Deep ponds, both brackish and fresh, near Aguadas ;
beginning of July 1859. No. 6973.
6. S. maritimus L., I.e., p. 51; Ridl., I.e. (including vars.);
C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 626.
CuNGG.— Damp thickets near Quizembo, far from the sea and even
from the river Quizembo, growing with species of Kyllinga and a
species of Convolvulaceae ; Nov. 1853. No. 6992. Lagoa de Quizembo ;
Nov. 1853. No. 7003.
IcoLO E Bengo. — 2 to 3 ft. high, root tuberous. Plentiful at Lagoa
da Funda, near Funda ; beginning of Dec. 1857. No. 6980. Flooded
marshes on thelef tof the river Bengo, near Funda ; Sept. 1854. No. 7011.
MossA.MEDES. — One of the most troublesome weeds in the cotton
fields ; July 1859. No. 6972. Marshy ground not far from the
Atlantic, near Giraiil ; July 1859. No. 6974.
Var. nobilis, C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 627.
*S'. nobilis Ridl., I.e., p. 159.
MosSAMEDES. — 6 to 12 ft. high, plentiful on the banks of the river
Maiombo, where it forms very dense small forests ; Oct. 1859. No. 6975.
7. S. cubensis Poepp. & Kunth ex Kunth Enum. ii. p. 172
(1837); Ridl, I.e., p. 157; C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 620.
Barra do Dande. — A foot high, obscurely green, rhizome creeping,
culm ascending covered at the base by the broad lax distichous leaf-
sheaths. Heads yellowish, very compact with a dark purple shining
involucre. Rather rare (seen only in one locality), in damp ground
on the right bank of the river Dande, after the retreat of the flood,
near Bombo ; Sept. 1858. No. 6994.
PuNGO Andonoo. — Growing with a species of Phrynium in marshes
neaj Umbilla, on the river Cuanza, Quisonde ; Mar. 1857. No. 6848.
8. S. Hystrix Thunb. Prodr. PI. Capeiis. p. 17 (1794); C. B.
Clarke, I.e., p. 623.
>S'. Rehmanni Rid]., I.e., p. 159.
128 XXVII. CYPERACE/E. [S'cirjjus
HuiLLA. — Heads green, very plentiful in damp clayey-sandy fields
round LopoUo after corn harvest ; end of May 1860. No. 6771-
9. S. Isolepis Boeck., I.e., p. 498.
Hemicarpha Isolepis Nees in Edinb. N. Phil. Journ. xvii. p. 263
(1834); Eidl., ^.c, p. 161.
PuN'GO AxDONGo.— Sansamanda : Apr. 1857. No. 6814. Growing
in marshy places, Lombe ; Mar. 1857. No. 6815. Wooded meadows
between Condo and Quisonde ; Mar. 1857. No. 6818.
HriLLA. — Growing with Xyridea^ etc., in places flooded in the rainy
season in the short -arrassed lofty meadows of Empalanca ; beginning
of May 1860. No. 6963.
10. S. micranthus Vahl, I.e., p. 254; C. B. Clarke, l.c, p. 627.
Hemicarpha siihsquarrosa Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. ii. Pt. 1.
p. 61 (1842); Ridl., ^.c, p. 162.
Loan DA. — Sandy-clayey places on the margins of ponds near
Concei9ao, but not plentiful. Almost past flowering ; 12 July 1854.
No. 6981. No. 6996 (no notes).
10. FUIRENA Ptottb. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1053.
1. F. chlorocarpa Ridl. in Trans. Linn. See. ser. 2. ii. p. 159 ;
C. B. Clarke in Durand & Schinz, Gonsp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 645.
HuiLLA. — Marshy places on the edges of fields in Lopollo ; Colonel
Kneissmann's garden ; beginning of April 1860. No. 7113.
2. F. Welwitschii Ridl, I.e., p. 161 ; C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 649.
PuNGO AxDOXGO. — Very slender erect with creeping perennial
root-stock and greyish spikes. Marshes near Quibanga ; Jan. 1857.
No. 7108.
HuiLLA. — Wooded pastures of Monino, and rather damp grassy
slopes of Morro de Monino ; April 1860. No. 7109. Plentiful in
rather damp pastures near Lopollo ; Dec. 1859 and Jan. 1860. No. 7114.
Low rather dry sandy hills near Eme ; end of Feb. 1860. No. 7115.
3. F. pubescens Kunth Enum. ii. p. 182 (1837) ; Ridl., I.e.,
p. 160 ; C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 648.
GoLUNGO Alto. — 3 to 4 ft. high, culm triquetrous flaccid, scram-
bling among the tall herbs of the marshy meadows (Varzeas) on the
river Cassaballa, Sobato de Bumba, where also Mungo grows ; Oct.
1855. No. 7116.
4. F. pygmaea Welw. ex Ridl., I.e. ; C. B. Clarke, I.e.
PuNG(> AxDoNGo. — Sansamanda ; Feb. and April 1857. No. 7111-
Grassy wooded sandy marshes between Mopopo and Sansamanda ;
May 1857. No. 7171.
HuiLLA. — Growing in masses in rather damp sunny wooded places
covered with a dull blood-red Scytonona at Monino ; April 1860.
No. 7112.
5. F. glomerata Lam. 111. i. p. 150 '(1791) ; Ridl, ^.c. ; C. B.
Clarke, I.e., p. G46.
LoAXDA. — Annual, glaucous green, the whole plant roughly hairy,
culms obscurelj^ 4-angled in the lower part, densely covered with hori-
zontally spreading hairs. Rather rare at Represa de Maghelfios not far
from Forte de Concei^ao ; 12 July 1854. No. 7107.
Fulrena] xxvii. CYPERACEiE. 12[>
G. F. umbellata Eottb. Descr. et Icon. PI. p. 70 ; 0. B. Clarke,
I.C., p. 648.
GoLUXGO Alto. — Culms i> to 4 ft. high, acutely pentagonal,
glaucescent, horizontally spreading like the leaves. Here and there in
spongy places by streams near the town of Golungo Alto. 8ange ; in
fl. end of Sept. 1854. Xo. 7121.
PuNGO Am)()N(;(). — Damp meadows near Umbilla (N-builla ?) on the
right of the river Cuanza : March 18.57. No. 7120.
7. F. cinerascens Boj.ex Ridl.,^.c.,p. 161 ; C. B. Clarke, ^.c, p. 645.
Hl'illa. — The whole plant somewhat fleshy and stiff. Damp wooded
meadows of Catumba ; end of March 18G0 ; No. 7110.
8. F. pachyrrhiza Ptidl, I.e. ; C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 647,
PrxGo AxDoNGo. — Marshes near Muta Lucala ; March 1857.
No. 7117- Wooded marshy places between Caghuy and the river
Cuanza growing with Ixoffp.-: : April 1857. No. 7118- Sansamanda, in
spongy woods : May 1857. No. 7119.
11. LIPOCARPHA R. Br. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1054.
1. L. argentea R. Br. in Tuckey's Congo Exped. p. 459 (1818) ;
Ridl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2. ii. p. 163 (1884) ; C. B. Clarke in
Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 649.
PrxGo AxDoxGO. — A very widely ciespitose herb with erect culms
and hard compact greenish-white spikes. At the stream of Calunda in
the rocky valleys of the i)ra5sidium : middle of Jan. 1857. No. 6778.
HriLLA.— Heads compact, whitish : caryopsis oblong-subclavate,
obtusely triangular, chestnut-coloured, polished, with a disc-like stalk.
Rather rare at wooded ponds in the mixed woods of Monino ; end of
March 1860. No. 6777.
2. L. albiceps Ridl., I.e., C. B. Clarke, I.e.
PrxGo AxDOXGO. — Muta Lucala on the river Cuanza ; March 1857.
No. 6782 Spongy slopes of the proesidium mixed with A scale pis and
other Glumacea3. Heads snow-white. Dec. 1855. No. 6785 (in
part). Swampy meadows growing with Ascolep's near Catete,
March 1857, and Sansamanda, Feb. 1857. No. 6786.
3. L. purpureo-lutea Ridl., I.e. ; C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 650.
HriLLA. — Heads yellowish, deep purple at the base. In thicket-
grown pastures flooded in summer near Humpata ; end of March
1860. No. 6784.
4. L. sphacelata Kunth Enum. ii. p. 2(j1 {ld>Z1) {sphacilata);
Ridl., I.e., p. 162] C. B. Clarke, /.(•., p. 650.
PuNGO Andonc^O. — Plentiful in damp rather sandy meadows near
Mopopo on the river Cuanza, April 1857 : and at Lombe, March 1857.
No. 6776.
5. L. atra Ridl., I.e. ; C. B. Clarke, I.e.
HriLi.A. — Wet places by the banks of the river Cacolovar, near Lake
Ivantala, but not plentiful ; end of Feb. 1859. No. 6961. Afterwards
(April) picked in sandy ground near Humpata.
6. L. pulcherrima Ridl, I.e. ; C. B. Clarke, I.e.
PuNGO AxDONGo. — Swampy meadows near the pitesidium, growing
VOL. II. 9
130 XXVII. CYPERACE.t. [Lipoccirpha
with Aacolrpis, Dec. 18r)6 ; and sunny marshes in the prsesidium, and
near Quilanga ; Feb. 1857. No. 6774. Marshes at Catete ; Feb. 1857.
No. 6785 (in part).
Huir.LA. — Very plentiful in sandy-clayey fields after a crop of
Sorghuiii, ; growing with many other Scirpoideae and species of Erta-
caulon, forming dense cushions ; April and May 1860. No. 6775.
7. L. multibracteata C. B. Clarke, I.e.
Ascolejjis pusilla Ridl., I.e., p. 164 pro parte.
HuiLLA. — Plentiful in fields after the Sorrjlmin harvest : end of
May 1860. No. 6773.
12. ASCOLEPIS Nees ; Benth. t Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 10.54.
1. A. protea Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 75 (1809) ;
C. B. Clarke in Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 652.
PuxGO AxDdNUo. — Heads a splendid snow-white. In the higher
rocky somewhat spongy pastures of the prajsidium near Tnnda Quilombo.
Plentiful in fl. Nov. and Dec. 1856. No. 1667-
HuiLLA. — Plentiful in rather damp rocky pastures, growing with
Jsoetes huiUensis and CommelinaceaB in lofty places at Empalanca. In
fl. and fr. Feb. and April 1860. No. 1671- Spongy wooded meadows
near Lopollo ; April 18(50. Coll. Carp. 1063.
Var. ^. bellidiflora Welw., I.e., p. 76 ; C. B. Clarke, I.e.
Antrolepis leucantha Welw., I.e., p. 77.
A. leucocephala Welw. Apont. p. 578 (nomen in nota 3).
PuNGO AxDOXGd. — Plentiful in rather spongy places among gigantic
rocks on the heights near Tunda Quilombo in the jDrfesidium ; begin-
ning of Jan. 18;')7. No. 1667/'. Flowers a splendid snow-white. Very
plentiful on spongy slopes grown with short herbage at the foot of
huge rocks, Barrancos de Catete ; in fl. and fr. Jan. and Feb. 1857.
No. 1668.
HuiLLA. — Heads a splendid snow-white, very elegant. Plentiful in
rather damp shortly herb-grown pastures between Lopollo and Nene
on the way to Humpata ; in fl. and fr. May i860. No. 1672.
Var. y. santolinoides Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e. ; C. B.
Clarke, I.e.
Antrolepis sulphurea et A. santolina Welw. Ai)ont. I.e. (nomina).
PuNGO AxDONGo. — Heads sulphur-coloured or golden, resembling
when alive those of species of Sa/itolina. Very plentiful in marshy
places, and in the spongy slopes and meadows of the pnesidinm,
especially near Catete ; in fl. Jan. and Feb., in fl. and fr. March 1857.
No. 1664. Heads yellow. Damp spongy meadows on the river Cuanza
near Sansamanda ; in fl. and fr. Jan. 1857. No. 1665- Flowers sulphur-
coloured, sometimes rather pale. Very plentiful in wet spongy places
and spongy short-grassed slopes near the foot of the rocks of the
praesidium : in fl. and fr. Jan. 1857. No. 1666. Damp pastures of
the prcesidium near Catete ; in fr. Feb. 1857. Coll. Carp. 1073.
Marshy meadows at Catete ; June 1857. Coll. Carp. 1074. Marshy
meadows on the river Cuije ; March 1857. Coll. Carp. 170.
HuiLLA. — Heads bright orange-yellow. Rather rare growing in
somewhat spongy lofty meadows with species of JJ/sa, at Morro de
Lopollo at 5.S00 feet elevation ; and in damp pastures near Lopollo ;
in fl. Feb. 1860. No. 1673.
Ascolejns] xxvii. cyperace.e. 131
2. A. anthemiflora Welw. in Trans. Linn. 8oc., I.e., p. 77;
C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 651.
Antrolepis anthemiflora Welw. Apont., I.e.
PuxGO Andoxcjo.— Plentiful ou the marshy banks of the river
Cuije, but not seen elsewhere in Angola. Growing with species of
Strifja, Sderla, and CommelinaceEe ; in. fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 1669-
.3. A. speciosa Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc, I.e., p. 78 ; C. B.
Clarke, I.e., p. 652.
HuiLi.A. — Heads a deep sulphur colour at flowering time, girt with
a tawny gold margin in the fruiting stage. Very plentiful in rather
damp lofty pastures flooded in the rainy season near LopoUo at about
S.oOO ft. elevation; growing with Thymelteaceae ; Jan. to April 1860.
No. 1674. Damp pastures near the Hippopotamus lake ; June 1860.
€()LL. Carp. 4.
4. A. elata Welw., I.e., p. 79; C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 651.
Antrolepis elata Welw. Apont., I.e.
Pi'Xfio AxDoxcio. — Leaves pale greenish, flowers whitish, almost
whitish-chestnut, not shining. Here and there in marshy meadows
between Condo and Quisonde not far from the right bank of the
■Cuanza between 3500 and 3800 ft. Growing with Drosera ind/c,
species of Eriox/ieriauui, Xyrifi, and Anacjallis 2)utiiUa ; in fl. and fr.
March 1857. No. 1670.
5. A. capensis Ridl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2. ii. p. 164
{1884); C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 651.
Flatylepis capensis Kunth Enum. ii. p. 269 (1837).
HuiLLA. — A very elegant plant ; heads snow-white, or milk-white,
raised-hemispherical becoming ovoid. Very plentiful along with
species of FlrloainJon in spongy meadows grown with short herbage on
the way from Lopollo to Morro de Lopollo ; in fl. and fr. Oct., Dec.
1859. No. 1676. Marshy places near Ferrao da Sola ; April 1860.
No. 1676&. Heads milk-white ovoid obtuse compact. Specimens in
good fruit. In spongy marshy places growing with species of Dha and
Hahi'iiavta on the higher parts of Morro de Lopollo ; in fl. and fr. Feb.
to AprillSGO. No. 1677- Serra d' Uiahoia ; April 1860. No. 16776.
Simulating an Eriocciuhm. Damp jiastures of Lopollo ; 30 Nov. 1859.
Coll. Carp. 1065.
6. A. pusilla Ridl., I.e. pro parte ; C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 652.
HuiLLA. — An annual scarcely Ii in. high, culms sparsely c^espitose
erect, flower-heads whitish. Poor wooded rather damp pastures round
Lopollo and Monino. Scarcely in flower middle of April, in fr.
beginning of May 1860. No. 1678.
Tribe hi. RYXCHOSPOREuE.
13. RYNCHOSPORA Vahl ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.
p. 1058.
1. R. aurea Vahl Enum. PL ii. p. 229 (1806); Pddl. in Trans.
Linn. Soc. ser. 2. ii. p. 165 (1884); C. B. Clarke in Durand &
Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 653.
PuNGO AxDOXGO. — In marshy places with a species of Scitaminea3.
Quisonde on the Cuanza ; March 1857. No. 6844. ]Marshes of Lagoa
de Quibinda, living in deep water ; March 1857. No. 6845.
132 xxvii. CYPERACE^E. [^liynchospora
2. R. erinacea C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. G54.
Scha-nus erinaceus Ricll., I.e., p. 1G5, t. 23, figs. 5-9.
HuiLLA. — Heads snow-white, bristling like a hedgehog. "Woods
among deep herbage near the stream of Monino and Mupanda. A r/nvi
avis seen only in this place. In fl. beginning of April 1860. No. 6788-
3. R. Candida Boeck. in Linnsea xxxvii. p. 605 (1873) ; C. B.
Clarke, I.e., p. G53.
Dichromena eandida Eidl., I.e., p. 149.
HriLLA. — Heads snow-white. Caryopsis crustaceous, lenticular,
transversely rugose, crowned by the distinct very broad and dilated
mi triform, spongy-waxy style-base. Rather damp wooded meadows
of Monino and towards Catumba growing with Scalnoxn Columhariit
(Herb. Xo. 522) and various Labiatte ; March to May 18G0. No. 6840-
Tribe iv. HCHGINE.E.
14. REMIREA Aubl. ; Benth. k Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1058.
1. R. maritima Aubl. PI. Gui. i. p. 45 (1775); Eidl. in Trans.
Linn. Soc. ser. 2. ii. p. 165; C. B. Clarke in Durand k Schiuz,
Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 665.
Congo. — Grows in dense masses with stolons 6 to 15 ft. long, and when
not in flower resembles in habit some Portuguese species of Statice.
On coarse sandy shores of the province Marquezado do Mosul, not far
from the mouth of the river Onco or Onzo ; Nov. 1853. No. 6990.
Tribe v. SCLERIE.E.
15. ACRIULUS Eidl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. p. 336 (1883).
1. A. griegifolius Eidl, I.e., and in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2. ii.
p. 166, t. 22, figs. 1-5 (1884); C. B. Clarke in Durand & Scliinz,
Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 675.
HuiLLA. — A male plant. Deeply herb-grown marshes on the river
Cacolobar near Lake Ivantilla but apparently rather rare ; Feb. 18G0.
No. 6959.
16. ERIOSPORA Hoclist. ex A. Eich.; Benth. & Hook. f.
Gen. PI. iii. p. 1U70.
1. E. ahysslnica Hoclist. ex A. Eich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 508
(1851); Eidl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2. ii. p. 166; C. B. Clarke
in Durand k Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 676.
LoANDA. — No information. No. 7157 (in part)
PuNGO Anpongo. — A widely ctespitose perennial 1 to 3 ft. high,,
with somewhat erect or nodding culms, and subfleshy-coriaceous
highly-polished leaves. On the rocky slopes of all the rocks of the
prEBsidium ; 18 Dec. 1856. Plentiful in the fissures of rocks on the
heights of the prtesidium : in fl. March and April 1857. No. 6841.
17. SCLERIA Berg. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1070.
1. S. catophylla C. B. Clarke in Durand k Schinz, Consp. Fl.
Afr. V. p. 670.
*S'. hirtella Sw. var. aterrima Eidl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2.
ii. p. 166 (1884).
HuiLLA. — Heads black and very hispid. Plentiful on the higher
S'cleria] xxvii. cyperace/E. 133
spongy slopes in the mixed woods of Morro de Lopollo, hut only
seen in this place ; March and April 1860. Xo. 7143.
2. S. Meyeriana Kunth Enum. ii. p. 354 (1837) ; C. B.
Clarke, I.e., p. 673.
*S'. co'spitosa Welw. ex Ridl., I.e., p. 167.
Prx(i() An'doxgo. — A widely cfespitose annual; culms 2 ft., very
rarely 3 ft. high, erect, unbranched, ending in a long interrupted spike ;
leaves erect, very narrow, sparsely pilosulose. Achene brightly polished,
obtusely mucronate. Plentiful in marshy wooded meadows l)etween
Condoand Quisonde ; March 1857. No. 7135. Higher damp slopes of
Funda-Quilombo in the praisidium ; April 1857. No. 7131 (in part).
HuiLLA. — In the deeply herb-grown woods of Monino, seen only in
one place ; end of Jan. 18(iO. No. 7137 (in part).
3. S. bulbifera Hochst. ex A. Eich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 510
(1851); C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 669.
S. bulbosa, yaw jiollidiflora Ridl., I.e., p. 167.
PuNGO Andongo. — Habit of Carex aremria and allies ; rhizome
tuberous, stoloniferous, leaf-sheaths and leaves hairj', culm 3 ft., more
rarely 4 ft., erect, angled, glomerules of spike whorled or half-whorled,
distant, nuts white, smooth. Damp meadows of a peculiar kind, con-
sisting only of very slender grasses, near Sobato de Muta-Lucala, but
not seen elsewhere ; March 1857. No. 7133.
4. S. Lregeana Kunth, I.e. ; Ridl, I.e. ; C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 670.
HuiLLA. — Achene very smooth and polished, mucronate. Deeply
herb-grown woods of Monino, seen only in one place ; end of Jan.
1860. No. 7137 (in part).
5. S. erythrorrhiza Ridl, I.e. ; C. B. Clarke, I.e.
HuiLLA. — Achene smooth. Sporadic in wooded meadows near the
base of Morro de Ferrao da Sola ; Jan. 1860. No. 7136.
6. S. multispiculata Boeck. Cyper. Nov. i. p. 36 (1888); C. B.
Clarke, I.e., p. 673 {multispiculosa).
PuNGo Anu<)N(;(). — Two feet high : culms and leaves erect, very
slender. Plentiful in marshy places near Quibanga; Jan. 1857. No. 7132.
HuiLLA. — Achene tubercled. Meadows on the banks of the river
Quipumpunhime, Sobato de Humpata ; a ram (iris. A few .specimens
found in the beginning of April 1860. No. 7140 (in part).
7. S. Welwitschii C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 675.
C. junciformis Welw. ex Riell, I.e., p. 168 (nou Thwaites).
HuiLLA. —Achene very smooth. Deep grass-grown wooded meadows
near Catumba : end of March 1860. No. 7138. Plentiful in marshy
meadows from Monino on the way to Eme ; Jan. and Feb. 1860. No. 7139.
8. S. Woodii C. B. Clarke, I.e.
HuiLLA. — Achene tubercled. ]\Ieadows near the banks of the river
Quipumpunhime, Sobato de Humpata ; a rara (ivis ; beginning of
April 1860. No. 7140 (in part).
9. S. ustulata Ridl, I.e. ; C. B. Clarke, I.e.
PuNCio Andox(;o.— Annual, erect, not caespitose. Spikes variegated
with yellow, dull brown and black. Achenes trigonous, papillose-
134 XXVII. CYPERACE/E. [>ScIei-ia
echinulate. With Drosera indicci in damp woods where Aiidmpogon
grows on the banks of the river Cuanza ; 12 March 1857. No. 7134.
10. S. pulchella Eidl., I.e. ; C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 674.
HriLLA. — Achene prickly. With EriocfOflo)/, and species of Xyrix
on the lofty short-grassed pastures of Empalanca ; Dec. 1859. March
and May 1860. No. 7141.
11. S. remota Eidl., I.e., p. 169 (cum var. hispida), 0. B. Clarke, I.e.
PuxciO AxDoxcio. — Apparently annual, erect, cfespitose ; leaves
strictly erect, hairy, broadly channelled, acutely keeled, and yellowish-
green like the whole plant : culms acutely triquetrous with striate
sides and with spreading hairs on the angles, never branched. Nut
with a thick stalk, globose-trigonous, membranes subprominent hori-
zontally multicostate and muriculate. Plentiful but only in one
locality in spongy rocky places near Catete ; 28 Feb. 1857. No. 7130.
Achene prickly and mucronate. In damp wooded meadows between
Serra de Pedras de Guinga and Candumba ; March 1 857. No. 7129.
Annual, culms 1 ft., erect, 2 to 5 growing from the same root, spike
elongated, interrupted, spikelets half-whorled, dull brown. Higher
damp slopes of Funda-Quilombo in the prsesidium ; April 1857.
No. 7131 (in part). Growing among mosses with another scirpoid
plant on the heights of Pedra Songue ; April 1857. No. 7131/'.
12. S. foliosa Hochst. ex A. Rich., I.e., p. 509 : Eidl., I.e.,
p, 170 ; C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 670.
*S'. dumicola, Eidl., I.e., p. 169.
PuNfiO AxDONGO. ^ — Achenes snow-white, rugulose - tuberculate.
Rather rare in thicket-grown marshes between Quilanga and Pedras de
Guinga ; Jan. 1857. No. 7122. Achenes deeply and closely pitted.
Damp meadows on the banks of the Cuanza near Muta-Lucala : March
1857. No. 7123.
13. S. clathrata Hochst. ex A. Eich., I.e., p. 510 ; Eidl., I.e.,
p. 170; C. B. Clarke, I.e.
PuxGO Andoxck). — Achenes snow-white, longitudinally furrowed.
Widely c^spitose in the higher marshy wooded meadows of Pedra
de Guinga and Matta de Quilanga, Feb., between Caghuy and
Sansamanda growing with Isoetes aquinoctialix, April and May 1857.
No. 7124.
14. S. poaeoides Eidl., I.e., {jioceoides) ; C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 674.
HuiLi.A. ^Perennial, rhizome and root-fibres blood-red when alive,
somewhat fleshy : culms csespitose very slender triquetrous, panicles
lax, achene tuberculate crowned with a truncate mucro. Plentiful in
sandy-spongy places at Quilebe near Huilla ; in fl. and fr. end of Nov.
1851). No. 7142. Smells like lemon when rubbed. Damp meadows
near Catumba ; April 1800. Coll. Caki'. 1U7G.
15. S. melanomphala Kunth, I.e., p. 345; Eidl., I.e., p. 171 :
C. B. Clarke, I.e., p. 672.
PuxGo Andongo. — Perennial, 2J to 3i ft. high. On the marshy
banks of small streams in wooded places near Quilongo but not plenti-
ful ; Feb. 1857. No. 7145.
Huilla. — 4 ft. high, c^spitose ; spikes nodding ; glumes a splendid
Scleria] xxvii. cypekace.e. 135
purple ; achenes like aLibaster. Plentiful at the cataracts of stream*
near LopoUo ; beginning of Dec. 1859, Fob. 18G0. No. 7144.
16. S. canaliculato-triquetra Boeck. in Flora Ixii. p. 573 (1879) ;
0. B. Clarke, I.e., p. G7U.
(S'. cervina Ridl., I.e.
Ptngo Anpoxgo. — Perennial. Marshy places near Quibanga ; Jan.
LS57. No. 7126. Achenes snow-white, quite smooth. Spongy places
between MutoUo and Candumba ; March 1857. No. 7127.
17. S. ovuligera Nees in Linntea ix. p. 303 (1835); C. B,
Clarke, I.e., p. 673.
,S'. Flagellum Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 555 (1849); Ridl.,
I.e. (non S\v.).
Ami!KIZ. — Scleria Fldf/fUuui Sw. ? but the culms are certainly not
climbing. Achenes faintly pitted at the top. Damp rocks between
Ambriz and Quizem])o ; Nov. 1853. No. 7125-
18. S. racemosa Poir. Encycl. vii. p. 6 (1806) ; C. B. Clarke,
I.e., p. 674.
*S'. palmifolia RidL, I.e. (non Schlecht.).
GoLUN'GO Alto. — Poco ian Zambi. 5 to 8 ft. high, culm triquetrous,
angles very sharp, formed by the winged decurrent keels of the leaves,
nutlets very hard, whitish, excepting the cupule and remains of the
perianth. Sharp as a razor. Marshes on the banks of the river
Quango near Sange : Dec. 1854, in fl. and fr. July 1855. No. 7128.
Same locahty Dec. 1854. Coll. Cakp. 1075.
XXVIII. GRAMINE^.
Tribe i. ANDROPOGONEjE.
1. IMPERATA CyrU. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 1125.
1. I. arundinacea Cyril. PI. Ear. Neap. fasc. 2. p. 27 (1792).
I. eyiindriea Beauv. Agrost. p. 8 (1812); Durand & Schinz,
Consp. Fl. Afr. V. p. 693.
Var. Thunbergii Hack, ex Durand & Schinz, I.e.
Var. (jenuina. Subvar. Thunbergii Hack. Mon. Androp.
p. 94 (1889).
Lo.\NDA. — In Capimeta on the river Bengo near Panda ; Dec. 1853.
No. 7354.
GoLUNCio Alto. — Springs up in great abundance after the fires by
which the inhabitants render fertile their fields, and infests the fields
in very dense tufts ; called Senu by the natives. Common in fields
after the fires, near Sange and everywhere ; Nov. 1854. No. 7179. A
grass 2 to 4 ft., perennial, soon springing up in great quantity after
fires in primaeval woods, growing in dense masses and suffocating all
the plants in the place. Leaves subglaucous, narrow, erect. The leaves
serve as a lining for wickerwork of various kinds, such as small baskets,
etc. Very common in abandoned fields in the whole district. Senu of
the natives. Bumba ; in ti. Oct. 1855. No. 7189. No. 7229 (no notes).
HuiLLA. — In wooded places, and abandoned fields near LopoUo and
at Lake Ivantala ; Jan. 1859, Feb. 1860. No. 2640.
136 xxviii. GRAMiXE.E. [S'acc/ucriciii
2. SACCHARUM L. ; Benth. ct Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1125.
1. S. officinarum L. Sp. PI. p. 54 (1753) ; Hack. Mon. Androp.
p. Ill; Duraud & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 094.
Goi.u\(;() Alto. — In sugar plantations on the banks of the Luinha :
Dec. 1855. No. 2901.
MosSAMEDES. — Saccharura violaceum? Culm straw-yellow streaked
longitudinally with purple-violet bands. Cultivated commonly for
sugar and brandy, formerly introduced from Brazil by Portuguese
colonists. Called by the inhabitants Canna imperialis. Fazenda de
Purifica^ao near Cavalheiros ; 27 Aug. 1859. No. 2283.
2. S. MuiiroanumHack.,Z.c.,p. 124; Durand&Schinz, ?.c.,p.694.
Eriochrijsis jxdlida Munro in Harvey Gen. S. Afr. PI. ed. ii.
p. 440 (1868).
HuiLLA. — Two feet high, widely cfespitose. with the habit of Ifolcus,
spikes a tawny gold colour. Common in peaty places about Humpata ;
beginning of Dec. 1859. Common in wooded damp rather peaty
meadows between LopoUo and the river Moniuo : conspicuous from
its splendid gold colour ; Nov. 1859, Jan. and Feb. 1860. No. 2642.
3. POLLINIA Spr. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1127.
1. P. villosa 8preng. Syst. Veget. i. p. 288 (1825) ; Hack. Mon.
Androp. p. 157.
Eulalia villosa Nee.s Fl. Afr. Austr. p. 91 (1841).
HuiLLA. — On rocks in the mountainous district of Morro de Monino,
but seen only in one place ; April 1860. No. 7485.
2. P. (§ Eulalia) huillensis Rendle sp. nov.
Perennial from a nodose creeping rhizome beaiing remains of
old shoots above and numerous tough wiry roots, with a shorter
leafy shoot and a long slender terete culm ending in the inflor-
e.scence ; lowest sheath glabrous, broad, loose below, becoming
narrower and convolute in the upper half and passing impercept-
ibly into the convolute terete setiform blade ; ligule membranous,
pyramidal with a truncate retuse apex ; sheaths of cauline leaves
becoming longer and blades shorter ; inflorescence of 3 fasciculate
spikes, on a very much shortened common axis ; spikelets one-
flowered, more or less tinged with purple and thinly covei-ed with
white silky hairs ; pedicel and rhachis-joint similarly hairy,
slender, subequal ; glume I. o\'al-oblong tapering above with
narrowly incurved edges forming submarginal slightly pz'ominent
keels, and 5 subprominent green nerves on the shallowly rounded
back, callus clavate with densely hairy edges about one-fifth the
length of the glume ; gl. II. narrower than the outer, 3-nerved
.slightly monocarinate with inrolled shortly hairy margins otherwise
glabrous ; gl. III. hyaline, oblong-ovate, tapering gradually up-
ward to a blunt rounded apex, 2-nerved with 2 marginal keels
which are densely shortly hairy in the upper part ; fertile glume
narrowly lineai'-lanceolate, hyaline, 3-nerved, entire, the upper
third thickened and passing into a flexuo.se awn more than four
times the length of the spikelet ; awn yellowish and shortly hairy
Follinia] xxviii. gramixe^. 137
in the stouter lower halt', brown and glabrous above ; pale very
short, truncate, broad, lodicules shortly cuneate.
Culm 40 in. long below the inHorescence, 1 line in diameter at
the base ; basal sheath 5 in. long, ligule 1 line, blade nearly 18 in.
long, i line broad at the base, involute edges sparsely pilose ;
blade of next higher leaf 19 in., in the upper ones rapidly
becoming shorter. Spikes 4 in. or less in length, common axis
i in. long ; pedicel stalked, spikelet 2 lines long, rhachis-joint 2
to 3 lines. Outer glume a little over ] in. (y^) long, the blunt
apex pale purple, hyaline the rest membranous greenish becoming
purple in lower half ; gl. II. a shade longer than the outer ; the
others 1 in. ; awn 1^ in. long; pale less than y^ in.
Comes nearest to P. r>iUosa Spreng. , but is at once distinguished
by its long setiform leaves and membranous outer glumes.
Huii.F.A. — In thicket-^Town pastures near Empalanca : but very
sparingly; May ISOO. No. 2669.
4. ELIONURUS Hnmb. et Bonpl. ; Benth. d- Hook. f. Gen. PI.
lii. p. 1129.
1. E. Royleanus Nees ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 471
(1851); Hack. Mon. Androp. p. 343; Durand & Schinz, Consp.
Fl. Afr. V. p. 702.
St. Vincent, Cape Yekde Islands. — Laxly ctespitose, 2 to 3 in.
high, bright red. Grows sparsely on sandy hills behind Villa de
Mindello ; Jan. 1861. Xo. 2885.
2. E. Welwitschii Eendle sp. nov.
Perennial from a hard woody rhizome ending in new leafy
shoots enveloped in purplish sheaths ; culm tall slender erect,
bearing at the upper nodes solitary or fascicled thin wiry branches
ending in the single spikelike inflorescence, nodes glabrous ; leaf-
sheaths membranous, glabi-ous, striate, rather loose, shorter than
the long internodes, which are shallowly grooved on the inner side ;
ligule short, membranous, truncate, shortly ciliate ; lamina long,
narrowly linear, plicate, keeled above, margin and keel scabridu-
lous, apex setiform ; spike dense, rhachis fragile, joints shortly
pubescent on the margin ; sessile spikelet slightly exceeding the
rhachis-joint, ovate-lanceolate, glabrous except for the shortly
densely ciliolate marginal keels of the outer glume; outer glume
emarginate with a dark balsamiferous streak just inside the
keels ; pedicelled spikelet similar to the sessile hut slightly smaller,
and barren.
Stem to 4 ft. in height, with internodes 4 to 10 in. long ;
sheaths passing gradually into the blades which may exceed 1 ft.
in length, with a width of 1 line gradually diminishing to the
setiform ajjex. Spikes 3^ in. long or shorter, by 1 line wide ;
I'hachis-joint 2 lines long by I line wide ; sessile spikelet 2^- lines
long ; gl. I. ovate-lanceolate with an almost flattened faintly 5-
nerved back and sharply inflexed keeled margins, embx-acing the
inner subequal barren glume, which is membranous, transparent,
scaphoid, acute, with keeled midrib and two submarginal nerves
138 XXVIII. ORAMINEyE. [^EllOUUrilS
at which the narrow edges are inflexed ; gl. III. hyalhie, elliptico-
laiaceolate with 2 marginal nerves and sparsely ciliolate edges, 2
lines long; fertile glume similar but 3-nerved and only l.V line
long, enclosing an epaleate $ flower. Pedicel of primary spikelet
1 ^ line long, glabrescent, spikelet 2 lines long, obliquely lanceolate,
similar to the sessile but the glumes are about 1-th smaller, and
never seem to contain a flower.
A striking plant with the habit of E. tripsacoides Humb. but
recalling in its almost glabrous spike E. tristis Hackel from
Madagascar, wliich however is a much smaller plant.
PuNOo Andongo. — Caadumba : March 1857. No. 2711.
5. ARTHRAXON Beauv. ; Benth. & Hook.f .Gen. PI. iii. p. 1 1 28.
1. A. ciliaris Beauv. Agrost. p. Ill (1812); Hack. Mon.
Androp. p. 354 ; Durand t Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 703.
Leaves 1 to 1] in. long, from a base of about 3 lines broad,
sparsely tubei'culate at the base, surface otherwise almost glabrous.
Spikes 1^ to 1^^ in. long, sessile spikelet -i length of the glabrous
rhachis-joint, lanceolate, 2 lines long,i veins hirsutulous, awn a
little shorter ; second spikelet represented by a short punctum or
obsolete.
Approaches nearest to Hackel's var. a (jenumus (China and
Japan), but the subspecies and varieties suggested by Hackel
are not very satisfactory ; the presence or absence of hairs on the
rhachis seems pushed too far as a subspecific character.
GoLUNGO Alto. — Perennial, prostrate, culms 3 to G ft., rooting at
the nodes, new foliaceous and flowering branches ascending-erect.
Flowers monoecious, the male occupying the lower, the female the
terminal spikelets. Habit of Ojuaihin. Growing in thick masses,
forming marshy meadows on the banks of the river Casaballa. In
leaf Sept. 1855 ; fl. and fr. May 185G. No. 7214.
G. RHYTACHNE Desv.; Benth. urple, subcompi'essed, simple below the
flowering shoots, springing fi-om a tuft of linear-plicate, rigid,
minutely pungent radical leaves ; sheaths flattened, carinate,
glabrous, ligule short, rounded, blades glabrous except for a few
hairs on the inner face at the base ; inflorescence strict, the rather
short lateral branches bearing several short spikes which ultimatelj-
project slightly above their lanceolate reddish spathts ; peduncle
.shorter than the spike, puberulous, apex shortly villous ; spike
VOL, IT. 10
1-46 XXVIII. (aiAMiNE/K. [An'lru2JO(/oit
generally of G to 8 pairs of lieterogamous spikelets and a terminal
male ; rhachis-joints shorter than the ? spikelets, sparsely
puberulous with a short tuft of whitish hairs i>t the base, plane of
union clean, slightly oblique, round ; spikelets purplish, subfalcate,
narrowly elliptical, the sessile ( ^ ) slightly shorter than the
pedicelled (S); outer glume of sessile with nai-rowly keeled
margin scabridulous above, and flattened membranous encrved
back ; gl. II. 1-nerved, navicular, acute; gl. III. hyaline, lanceolate
blunt, enerved ; fertile glume hyaline, linear from a weak stipiti-
form base, 1-nerved, apex entire ; pale absent ; lodicules cuneate
with crenate apex, almost as long as the glabrous ovary ; styles
about }. length of stigmas; pedicel of c? spikelets shorter than
rliachis- joint, villous with short white hairs; gl. I. subacute with
narrowly carinate scabridulous margins, back 1-nerved; gl. II.
t)val, blunt, 3-nerved, margin inrolled, back round; gl. III. hyaline,
o-nerved, elliptical, blunt, margin ciliolate in the upper half ;
fertile glume oblong-elliptical 1-nerved.
Plants 2 to 2-^ ft. high; radical leaves 10 in. long or less,
and 1?, line or less in width, plicate or subconvolute, the solitary
rauline leaf shorter often subtending a short liliform flowering
branch. Inflorescence about 10 in. long, lower branches 31 to
4i in., upper shorter and more crowded. Ultimate spathes I to
1 in. long, acute ; spikes generally H to ■} in. ; rhachis-joint 1 line
long, narrowly clavate ; sessile spikelet acute, 2 lines long ; gl. I.
1 J to scarcely 2 lines long, keels scabridulous in the upper two-
tliii-ds; gl. II. li line, upper half of keel scabridulous ; gl. III.
1 ] line, pinkish ; fertile glume 1 ] line. Pedicelled spikelet 21 to
2'-} lines long, including pedicel ; spikelet 2 lines ; outer glume with
keeled margin, scabridulous in the upper half to two-thirds ; gl. II.
1.^ to ly line; gl. III. 1^ line, pinkish; fertile glume 1^ line,
colourless ; anthers ^ line.
Most nearly allied to the American A. spathijiorus Kunth, but
easily distinguished by its longer narrow i\aceme, and larger
spikelets.
HriLLA. — A grass 2 to 2h ft., cajspitose, erect, rose-violet, with
habit of a Fescue ; spikes dull-purple, rather strict. Plentiful in boggy
and spongy places near the streams in the Humpata district ; Dec.
1859. No. 7605.
Subgenus IV. Arthrolophis.
9. A. eucomus Nees, I.e., p. 104; Hack., I.e., p. 421 ; Durand &
Schinz, I.e., p. 711,
PuNco AM)(tN(;(). — Growing sparsely (or perhaps already over) in
rather dry meadows near Bumba, not far from Condo ; a unique
specimen ; March 1857. No. 7442.
10, A. huillensis Rendle sp. nov.
Perennial, apparently cpespitose ; culms geniculate rising from a,
basal leafy tuft, lower internodes long, stout, subterete, like the
upper considerably exceeding the sheaths, nodes glabrous, long
slender flowering branches spring from the third and higher nodes ;
Androjjogoii] xxviii. gramixe.'E. 147
ligule short, membranous, truncate, shortly hairy ; blade linear,
flat or plicate along the prominent midrib, or subinvolute, glabrous,
sparsely hairy on the upper face at the base and on the adjoining
mouth of the sheath ; inflorescence with glabrous peduncle
exceeding the long narrow shortly acute sheath, false racemes
generally 5, comprising two shortly stalked outer pairs and a
simple central raceme, slender, weak ; rhachis-joint slightly shorter
than the $ spikelet, slender, curved, densely villous, hairs whitish,
far exceeding the joint ; sessile spikelet glabrous, lanceolate, outer
glume 2-nerved, apex bidenticulate, back concave, margins involute
below becoming carinate and scabridulous above the middle ; gl. II.
siibequal, one-nerved, navicular, shoi'tly niucronate, mai-gins be-
coming hyaline and ciliolate ; gl. III. oblong-lanceolate, l>lunt,
hyaline, enerved, edges incurved and ciliolate above ; feitile glume
oblong, hyaline, shortly bifid, with a weak apical awn, column only
slightly exceeding the spikelet ; pale less than half the length of
the glume, blunt ; pedicel of aborted spikelets subequalto rhachis-
joint but narrower, similarly hairy, spikelet bluish represented
only by the linear-lanceolate a,cuminate outer glume.
Culms 3 ft. 6 in. high, internode next or next but one above
the base 6 in. long, 1 to 1 \ line in diameter ; cauline leaves nearly
5 in. or less, 1^ lines wide or less, becoming nari-owev upwards;
hgule less than ^r line long; ultimate spathes 31 in, long ; top of
peduncle glabrous or minutely and sparsely pilose ; inflorescence
subfastigiately spreading 2.V to 3 in. long; common peduncle of
lateral pairs of racemes 2 to 3 lines long, pedicel of stalked branch
a little shorter ; rhachis-joint a good 2 lines long ; sessile spikelet
2^ lines or a trifle le.ss; outer glume bluish, keel of gl. II. scabrid-
ulous in the upper half ; gl. III. scarcely 2 lines long ; fertile
glume H Hne long, awn ?, in. flexuose, scabridulous, pale .V line
long, lodlcules narrowly cuneate | line, anthers (3) linear, | line
long ; ovary glabrous, styles slightly shortei- than the stigmas ;
pedicelled spikelet 1 to 11 line long, glume 1 -nerved with margins
carinulate and scabridulous except in lowei- third.
Near A . eucomus Nees, but distinguished by its larger spikelets,
■constant presence of the aborted (^ spikelet, laxer false racemes, etc.
HuiLLA. — Rather poor wooded meadows at Humpata ; April 1860«
No. 2670.
Var. minor Rendle var. nov.
Culm 16 to 20 in., racemes in twos or threes, resembling
somewhat those of A. ternatns var. africanas, 1] to 2 in. long;
rhachis-joints and spikelets slightly shorter than in the species,
sessile spikelets 1* to 2} lines, slightly exceeding the rhachis-joint.
HuiLLA. — Rather damp rich pastures on the river Monino ; Jan.
1860. No. 2644.
11. A. ternatus Nees Agrost. Bras. p. 326 (1829); Hack., I.e.,
p. 424.
Var. africanus Rendle var. nov.
Densely cajspitose ; culms 6 to 12 in., unbrauched, glabrous,
148 XXVIII. GRAMiXE.K. [Andropogon
sbeatlis :vnd leaves glabrous, blades short, linear, plicate, subacute ;
racemes 2 lo 3, II to 1^ in. long, densely hairy, hairs pale-fulvous
twice as long as the rhachis-joints, sessile spikelets exceeding the
rhachis-joints, nearly three lines long, callus of gl. I. with a
tuft of very short hairs; gl. II. rather narrowly navicular,
acuminate with a short awn scarcely ' line long ; fertile glume
hyaline, base stipitiform, bifid for more than i of its length,
awn 8 to 10 lines long ; pedicel of aborted (^ spikelet 2 lines
long, spikelet consisting only of the outermost glume, lanceolate,
acuminate, aristulate, scarcely 21 lines long including the awn
which is almost equal to the rest of the glume.
HriLLA. — Rather dry wooded pastures near Humpata ; April 1860.
No. 2643.
12. A. gayanus Kunth Rev. Gram. p. 163 (1829) (nomen),
Enum. PI. i. p. 491 (1833); Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 572
(1849) ; Hack., I.e., p. 447 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 713.
LoANDA. — An elegant grass, annual, 3 to G ft., erect. In grassv
places at Waianga d' El Rei ; May 1858. Xo 7285. Xo. 7368c (V)
material inadequate for certain determination.
GoLiNGd Alto. — A tall grass, 5 to 9 ft., and even iu damp places,
higher. In uncultivated places by roads and the edges of fields ;
beginning of July 1855. No. 7249.
PuN(a) AiNDONtio. — In low-lying meadows in the proesidium along
with species of Gladiolus, but not common ; end of April 1857.
No. 7402.
CAZKMio. — A grass 5 to 8 ft. high with somewhat nodding panicles.
Among herbage on edges of thickets near Dalatanda : June 1855.
No. 2951.
13. A. schirensis Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 45G
(1851); Hack., I.e., p. 452 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 722.
PuN(i(t An'don(;(). — Cffispitose in rather damp meadows between
N-billa and Bumba on the right of the river Cuanza ; March
1857. No. 7439.
14. A. diversifolius Rendle sp. nov.
Apparently perennial by means of a hard slender rhizome ;
culms slender, innovation shoots extravaginal ; culms erect,
terete, laxly branching, nodes glabrous ; sheaths rounded,
glabrous, shorter than internodes ; ligule very short ; lower
leaves flat, linear lfi*om a tapering base, apex tapering, acute,
upper ones, especially on the flowering shoot, sometimes narrowly
lanceolate, generally tapering gradually from a broadly cordate
amplexicaul base to an acute apex, rigidulous, glabrous or with a
few hairs on the upper surface at the base, margin scabridulous ;
racemes in pau's, terminating the main axis and the few long
slender branches, far exceeding the non-spathiforni uppermost
sheath ; one I'aceme shortly pedicelled, with spikelets all hetero-
gamous (5 ? pairs), the other sessile with a homogamous basal
pair and 2 heterogamous ; rhachis-joints and pedicels flattened
with shortly \allous margin (hairs white below becoming fulvous
above), passir,i> above into an oblique scarious cup; sessile
Andropoyon] xxviii. gramixe/E. 149
spikelets narrowly lanceolate-oval, glabrous except for a tuft of
.short white hah\s at the base of the acute callus, callus medianly
furrowed, outer glume lineax'-oblong with a strong median furrow
for fj of its length from the base, coriaceous becoming scarious at the
-•ipex, margin incurved membranaceous, slightly exceeding gl. II.
which is narrowly navicular, subacute with keel hispidulous on
the upper half; gl. III. shorter, hyaline, linear-oblong, blunt;
fertile glume linear-oblong, deeply bipartite, with a strong kneed
;iwn springing from the notch, column deep-brown shortly hairy,
subula pale, scabridulous ; stalked spikelet exceeding the sessile,
dorsally flattened, lanceolate, outer glume with hispidulous
carinate margins, midrib conspicuous with 5 less conspicuous
nerves on each side, apex triaristulate ; gl. II. shorter, narrowly
oval, 5-nerved with incurved hyaline ciliate margins ; gl. 111. and
IV. shorter, equal.
About 3 ft. high, culms not exceeding 1 line in diameter ;
leaf-sheaths 1 to If in. long, hgule leduced to a scarious
ridge less than ~ line long ; lowermost (linear) leaves to 6 in.
long by L^ line wide, upper (with cordate base) 2 to 4 in. long,
3 to 6 lines broad at the l)ase. Racemes 1}, in. and 1 in. respect-
ively, not including awns, approximate, rhachis-joint 31 lines,
including the glabrous cup (1^ line); sessile spikelet 4 to 4-}
lines, including the callus (1 line) ; gl. I. 4-nerved, greenish
becoming reddish at the apex ; gl. II. 3^ lines long, subcoriaceous,
glabrous ; gl. III. 2^^ lines, faintly 2-nerved with margins in-
curved ; fertile glume 2 y lines, awn 2 in. column slightly exceeding
subula. Pedicelled spikelet 8 lines, outer glume 5 to G lines long,
median aristula 1 to 2 lines, lateral ones very short; gl. II.
4:\ lines long ; gls. III. and IV. 3^ lines, the former 3-nerved
lanceolate, subhyaline, the latter hyaline, narrow, 1 -nerved.
Near the South African A. aniplectens Nees, but differs in the
marked broadly cordate-based leaves, especially on the stronger
(flowering) shoot, the shorter few-flowered racemes, and the
longer and stronger awns of the sessile spikelets-.
PuNoo A\noNa(^.— In rocky wooded places between Caghui and
Candumba ; March 1857. Xo. 2835-
Subgenus V. Ampldlopliis.
15. A. Ischsemum L. Sp. PI. p. 1047 (1753).
Var. 8. ISBvifolius Hack., I.e., p. 476 ; Dur md it Schinz, ^.c,
p. 715.
Loan I. A.— 1853-4. No. 7375, 7348.
16. A. intermedius If. Er. Prodr. p. 202 (1810).
Var. punctatus subvar. glaber Hack., I.e., p. 487 ; Durand &
Schinz, I.e., p. 715 ; but closely resembles Ptobert Brown's type.
GoLUN(;o Alto? No. 2964 (no information).
The following number, represented by a fragment insufticient
for determination, probably belongs to this subgenus.
PuNGO Andongo.— Quibinda, in a lake ; end of March 1857. No. 7398.
150 x.wiii. (jRA.MrxE.'E. [Andro2)ogo7i
Subgenus VI. JHcantJduvi.
17. A. annulatus Forsk. var. papillosus Hook. f. Kl. Brit. Ind.
vii. p. 197 (1896).
A. 2)apiUosi(s Hochst. ex A. Kich., I.e., p. 157 ; Hack.. I.e.,
p. 573 ; Dvu-aiid & Schinz, I.e., p. 719.
Loan DA. — A tall erect grass H to 4i ft., with branched culms and
Andropogon-\ike habit. Very common on sandy rather damp plains and
stretches of Fiinhvixtyliii between Os dois Imbondeiros and Quicuxe ;
('. and 7 Feb. 1859. No. 2912. A grass 3 ft. high with European
habit, growing in rather damj) places from Quicuxe towards Cacuaco.
but not common ; June 1858. No. 7315. No. 7323 (no notes).
Mos.SAMEDES. — 3 to nearly 4 ft., branched from the base, culms
erect- ascending branched, spikes dull purple. In thickets on gneiss
cHffs on the banks of the Bero ; July 1859. No. 2609.
18. A. piptatherus Hack, in Mart. Fl. Bras. ii. 3. p. 293 (1883).
Vai\ genuinus Hack. Men. Androp. p, 580 ; Durand & Schinz.
I.e., p. 720.
GoLUNGO Ai.To? No. 7244 (no information).
11. SORGHUM Pers. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1135.
1. S. halepense Pars. Sjaiop. i. p. 101 (1805).
A ndropogonSorgh^mn subsp. /i«/e;)e?ms Hack. Mon. Androp. p. 50 1 .
Var. halepense subvar. muticum Hack., I.e., p. 502.
Madeira. — Funchal on the road towards Camera dos Lobos : Aug.
1853. No. 2917.
Var. effiisum subvar. aristatum Hack., I.e., p. 503.
Ambkiz.— Nov. 1853. No. 2898.
Cazengo. — A grass 4 to 7 ft., with the habit of llolrux or Afena,
and a huge nodding panicle. Common in once cultivated places almost
everywhere in the districts of Cazengo and Golungo Alto. Caculo :
June 1855. No. 2994.
IcoLo E BENCio. — In rather damp places inundated in summer on the
left of the river Bengo ; Sept. 185G. No. 7197. Banks of river Bengo
between Quifandongoand Funda ; Sept. 1854. Coll. Caki'. 1108.
LoANDA. — A grass 4 to 12 ft. high, annual or more rarely in damp
places biennial, culm erect, branched from the middle, and like the
leaves spotted with a deep blood-red colour. Found growing sporadically
in damp places once cultivated near Imbondeiro dos Lobos ; June 18r)8.
No. 7277. Called Massambala by the blacks. No. 7331 (no notes).
Subvar. submuticuin Hack., I.e., p. 503.
Ambhiz. — Nov 1853. No.
2. S. vulgare Pars., I.e.
AndropogonSwghum Bvot. Fl. Lusit. i. p. 88 (1804); A. Soryhuiu
subsp. sativus Hack., I.e., p. 505.
Var. saccharatuin Koern. in Koern. tfe Warn. Handb. Getreid. i.
p. 310 pro parte vel aff. ; Hack., I.e., p. 509; Duraud & Schiii/-,
I.e., p. 725; Masambala vubro Walw. Syn. Explic. p. 35 (1862).
Young panicle narrowly elliptical and dense, 5 by \h in., the
lowest branches about 1 in. long ; base of the main rhachis and
insertion of its branches villous, edges of branches scabrid. Outer
Son/Imm] xxvin. cramine.e. 151
glume of sessile spikelet elliptical -ovate to ov.ate obtuse, about
-■) lilies lon<^ by 1| line broad, upper ] to }, chartaceous with
greenish nerves, flattened, sparsely pilosulose especially in the
upper half, depressed or not beneath the apex. Glumes almost
glabrous and polished when mature, gaping widely to expose the
reddish subglobular caryopsis with flattened hilum. Awn project-
ing about 2 lines, including knee, from the spikelet. Hheaths a ud
leaves tinged with blood-red.
Hrii.LA. — SargJiinn red-seeded variety (Masambala rubro). Culti-
vated promiscuously with the white-seeded variety and very common
in all the country of Huilla ; Feb. and May 1860. No. 2681-
Panicle small, lanceolate, rhachis and branches sparsely villous
to glabrous ; sessile spikelets broadly elliptical to ovate, 2|^ to
'Jw by I] to 11 lines; pedicelled spikelet slightly shorter, blunt,
unawned ; outer glume shining coriaceous, becoming more or less
chartaceous greenish and nerved in the upper I, sparsely hairy,
not depressed below the blunt apex.
Princf/s Island. — In gravel near Porto de S. Antonio ; Sept. 1853.
Xo. 2932.
Var. ovuliferum Hack., I.e., p. 510 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 725.
Masambala bianco Welvv., I.e.
Huilla. — Nearly always 5 to i), sometimes 7 to '.< ft. high, narrowly
erect, very beautiful and very productive. Very commonly cultivated
in all the country of Huilla, where it is called Masamballa (bianco) ;
April 18(50. No. 2682.
Var. obovatum sul)var. nigrum Hack, I.e., p. 514.
Very near var. saccharaturn but glumes becoming a deep black
when ripe, caiyopsis reddish-brown.
LOANDA. — Sorghmn sarcharatum 'i Cultivated round Mossamedes,
where it was introduced in 18.')(;. National garden : Dec. 1 8.5'.'. No. 2882.
MosSAMKDES. — Snrfjhum sacc/unvtuiii. cultivated at Lisbon from
seeds picked at Mossamedes ; taken in young and mature fruit ; July
1863. No. 2881.
Huilla. — Sorghum mcchuratum cultivated in Lopollo in this year
for the first time from seeds from Lisbon, but almost entirely destroyed
in the Monanensian war. Colonel Kneisman's garden ; May 1860.
No. 2682i.
* Var. angolense Eendle var. nov.
Panicle rather dense, elliptical-oblong or lanceolate, 5 to Q>\ in
long by 1-^ to 21 broad ; branches erecto-patent, lowermost 1 lo
2 in. ; rhachis more or less villous especially at branch-origins ;
sessile spikelet ovate to elliptical-ovate or elliptical, 1-;- to 2 lines
long by 1 or scarcely 1 broiid, pedicelled about .' to '; length of
sessile ; sessile generally awned, awn bent horizontally at tlie point
of emergence and proti'uding 1 .^ to 2 lines. Outer glume coriaceous
smooth and shiny to within ?. to | of the apex where it is greenish,
chartaceous, inconspicuously nerved and like the edges sparsely
hairy ; apex blunt ; subapical depres.sion often present.
Ditters from var. saccharatuni in its smaller more shortly awned
or awnless spikelets, and denser panicle.
152 XXVIII. (;iiAJiiNE.E. [Suryhuiih
This variety seems to be widely spread iu tropical America
vinder the name African corn or Guinea corn.
GiiLTNcio Ai/ro. — 8 to 12 ft. high, branched at the top, branches
and main axis blood-red at the base. Cultivated by the river Cuango
H Arimo do Isidro ; end of Sept. 1855. No. 7237. Native name
Massambalo.
Cazengo.— A gigantic grass, 10 to 15 ft. or more, culm straight and
simple below, fasciculately branched above ; leaves generally with
blood-red spots, like the culm and branches. Grows spontaneously
in places formerly cultivated, and round the negro villages, and is
everywhere cultivated. On low hills by the river Luinha ; June 1855.
No. 7216. Native name Massamb;11a, Massa-M-bala.
GoLUNco ALTo.—Sange, Quintal do Joaq. Velho. Cultivated nearly
everywhere ; Jan. 1855. No. 2995.
The specimen consists only of a single leaf and a small piece of the
panicle, with small shortlyacute or blunt ovate unawned sessile spikelets,
scarcely 2 lines long.
St. Jacob's Island, Cape Vkrdk, Islands. — Semispontaneous in
abandoned fields ; Jan. 1861. No. 2880.
3. S. nutans Gray, Man. Bot. N. Unit. Stat. [ed. 2], p. 584.
Andropogon mitans L. Sp. PI. p. 1045 (1753) ; Hack., I.e., p. 528.
This species, hitherto unrecorded f jom the Old World, is repre-
sented by two very distinct varieties.
Var. angolense Rendle var nov.
Panicle elongated, lax, flexuose, branchlets capillary, 1- to 4-
flowered ; .spikelets submembranous, 3 lines long, awn pale, weak,
subimperfect (showing no marked difterentiation into column and
.subula), projecting 2 to 3 lines ; outer glume lanceolate, narrowly
truncate, pilo.se e.specially in the lower half, hairs white or faintly
tinged Avith purple, callus with a tuft of similar hairs, 7- to
9-nerved ; gl. II. glabrous except the pilosulose margins, 5-nerved ;
leaf-sheaths glabrous, blades linear, subscabridulous on upper
surface, 2 lines broad or less, upper ones convolute ; ligule
truncate, ^ to ^ line long.
Near Hackel's wide-spread American var. avenaceum but dis-
tinguished by its more membranous shortly awned spikelets, lax
panicle, etc.
Huilla. — Rather damp wooded meadows between LopoUo and
Catumba ; Feb. 1860. No. 7491. Damp wooded grassy places near
Catumba ; April 1860. No. 7496.
Var. incompletum Hack., I.e., p. 531.
The plants are larger, with spikelets a shade larger (2 to 2i
lines), and awns a trifle longer (1 ^ in.) than in the Mexican plants,
to which hitherto this variety has been confined, but otherwise
.similar and certainly inseparable varietally.
PrN(;( ) Anj)( )N(;( >. — An annual cajspitose grass, slender, with coarctate
panicles, tawny gold and brightly shining when alive. Common in
sandy woods near Quilanga ; middle of April 1857. No. 2821.
12. ANATHERUM Beauv. Agrost. p.;i28, t. 22, fig. x. (1812).
Vetiveria Thou, ex Vii^ey in Journ. Pharm. ser. 1. xiii. p. 499
Anathermn] xxviii. okamine.e. 153
(1827). Andropugun L., Benth. k Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 113."<,
pro parte.
1. A. muricatum Beauv., I.e., p. 150.
Aadropogon squarrosns Linn, f., var. uigritamts Hack. Mon,
Androp. p. 544; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 727 : A.
nifjritcmus Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 573 (1849).
PrN AM)t>N(;<).— Woody marshy places near Sansamanda : Feb.
1 857. No. 2780. A tall perennial grass, G to 8 ft., with rigid erecto-
patulousdistichously sheathing leaves, and except for the culm, looking
^ilmost like a species of Ti/plin : panicles thyrsiform a foot long, spikes
whorled, spikelets violet-purple. Round about marshes between the
rivers Lombe and Cuije, but not common ; March 1857. No. 2817-
No. 2867A (no notes).
13. HETEROPOGON Pars. ; Bentli. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.
p. 1133.
1. H. hirtus Pers. Synops. ii. p. 533 (1807).
II. coiitortus Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. Syst. ii. p. 836 (1817).
A. contortus L. 8p. PI. p. 1045 (1753); Hack. Men. Androp.
p. 585 ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 709.
LoAXDA. — By dried-up streams above Boa Vi.sta ; March 1854.
No. 7359. No. 7359/' (no notes). 1853-4, Nos. 7368, 7368&-
GoLux(;() Ai.To.— Nos. 2950, 2972 (no notes).
Prxuo AM)oX(i(».^Spikes white-bearded. Rather dry pastures near
Luxillo : Dec. 18.')r). No. 2743. Damp meadows near Sansamanda ;
Feb. 1857. No. 2784. Wooded meadows near Sansamanda ; Feb. 1857.
No. 2786. Mountain meadows of the prfesidium ; Feb. 1857. No. 2783.
A widely and closely ca3spitose grass, very rarely well-developed on
account of the plentiful disease of the spikelets. In thicket-grown
meadows near Pedras de Guinga ; March 1857. No. 2806.
These last two numbers have the spikes much eaten and dis-
torted by a fungus, which Miss Smith has determined as UstUago
•Cesatii Fiseh. de Waldh.
The numbers included show considerable variation in the hairi-
ness of the outer- glume of the male spikelet, and would fall under
subvars. ti/jncns and Mspidisshaus of Hackel {I.e., pp. 586, 587):
but I agree with Sir J. D. Hooker (Fl. Brit. Ind. vii. p. 200) that
the character is too inconstant for such definition of subvarieties.
Yar. glaber Hack., I.e., p. 587.
HuiLi.A. — Thicket-grown hills near Lopollo, but only in one locality,
where it is fairly common ; May 1860. No. 7515.
2. H.acuminatus Trin. in Mem. Ac Petersb. ser. 6. ii. p. 254 ( 1 832 ).
Andropogon melanoearpus Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carol, i. p. 146
(1821); Hack., I.e., p. 584; Durand k Schinz, I.e., p. 717.
PrN(;() AxDoxtio.— A grass 2 to 3 ft., with habit somewhat foreign
to the genus ; wrinkles on outer pales remarkable, almost locellate.
Sandy woods on right of river Cuanza between Mopopo and Sansa-
manda ; April 1857. No. 7388.
3. H. grandiflorus.
Andropogon graudijiorus Hack, in Flora Ixviii. p. 127 (1885),
Mon. Androp. p. 648 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 713.
154 xxviii. GKAMiXE/E. yieterojwcjoii
The following supplements Ilackel's description : — Ligule mem-
branous, truncate, entire, glabrous, reaching 1 line in length on
the lower leaves; leaf-blades narrowly convolute tapering to a
pungent apex, glabrous, under exposed face conspicuously veined,
reaching 8^ in. in length, becoming shorter upwards.
PuNtto Amiongo. — Sandy places on the banks of the river Cuanza ;
Feb. 1857. No, 2777.
14. CYMBOPOGON Spr. PI. Min. Cogn. Pug. ii. p. 14 (1815).
Andropogon L. ; Benth. k Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1 133 pro parte.
1. C. schcenanthus Spr., I.e., p. 15.
Andropogon schcenanthus L. Sp. PI. p. 1046 (1753) ; Hack. Mon.
Androp. p. 609 ; Durand & Schinz, C'onsj). Fl. Afr. v. p. 722.
Var. densiflorus.
Subsp. densiflorus Hack., I.e., p. 611, extended, the specimens
having larger racemes and spike lets, ultimate spathes 7 to 8 lines
long, racemes 5}j to 7 lines long, spikelets 2 lines, but otherwise
conforming to the description.
GoLUNGo Ai.To. — A fine grass, the whole tinged with a very glaucous
red colour, a very celebrated remedy among the Golungo physicians.
Root pleasantly aromatic. Rather rare near Sange ; not yet in full
flower, June 1S^55. Differs abundantly from all the rest of the genus
seen in tropical Africa by the glaucous colour of the stem and leaves.
Native name Saoa. On right of river Cuango : Aug. 1855. No. 3006.
Nos. 7238, 2952. Saco, species of Androjingon used by the natives as
a tonic for headache (see Welw. Apont.. p. 641), and also a favourite
antidote against Stramony poisoning ; June 1856. Com,. Carp. 1092.
Pu\<;o Am)(»N(;(>. — A perennial grass 5 to 8 ft. high, with erect
branched culm, and raceme-like nodding-patulous panicles. Leaves and
root pleasantly aromatic smelling almost like citron. On rather high
hills on the banks of the river Cuanza ; 4 March 1857. No. 2725.
5 to 7 ft. high, erect, rather fine-looking, with a creeping rhizome.
In grassy thickets between Candumba and Mangue : March 1857.
No. 7428.
Yar. stypticus var. nov.
A. stypticus Welw. Syn. Explic. p. 27 (1862).
Leaf -blades linear-tapering with setaceous apex, 10 to 12 in.
long, i to little over I- in. broad, glabrous, glaucous, base cordate ;
ligule broadly ovate from a truncate base, membranous, 2 to 3
lines long ; inflorescence elongated 15 in. long, nodding, consisting
of several dense suboval axillary panicles passing above into a
dense subsecund falcate terminal panicle ; ultimate .spathes l to
I in. long, racemes 5 to 7 lines ; sessile spikelets oblong-lanceo-
late 1£ to 2 lines long, outer glume enerved, median furrow
extending from the base to about the middle ; gl. IV. narrowly
linear, li line long, shoi'tly bifid with a weak imperfect awn 2 to
2.T lines long springing from the incision ; pedicelled spikelet 1]
to IJ lines long (2 lines with pedicel), neuter, outer glume oblong-
lanceolate, 3 -nerved, inner glume small, hyaline, other glumes
unrepresented.
HuiLLA. — Very common in meadows and thickets throughout the
whole country of Huilla, especially between Lopollo and Nene and
('t//nhopo(joii] x.wiii. (;ramine.i:. 155
then on the wav to Mumpulla : Aug. and Oct. 1859 and June ISGO :
in fr. Feb. and April 18()0. Called by the blacks of HuillaN-cotah^te
and used as a remedy for bleeding from the nose by Riamba- (hemp)
smokers; also for acute hiemorrhage. No. 7526. A. stijptkus Wehv.
Common in fields about Humpata, Mumpulla : June 1860. Cou..
C.\KP. 1093. •' Encotahote (aromatic shrub) exhibitio Dr. Frederico
Welwitsch. No. 1321. Sect. 1st, 2nd class."' Coi-i-. Cmm-. 1094.
2. C. Nardus.
Andropo(joi>. yardus L., Lc. ; Hack., I.e., p. 601 ; Durand & Schinz,
I.e., p. 718.
LoAXDA. — A. Sclio&nantlins ? Lemon grass of the English. A
widely and closely cfespitose grass, perennial (V), rhizome and leaves
with a pleasant aromatic smell when rubbed, almost like that of lemon.
Very rarely cultivated in Loanda, where it was introduced from the
country of Serra LeOa ; never seen in flower. Casa do Sr. Gabriel ;
Feb. 1854, leaves only. No. 7288.
MossAMKDEH. — Cf. A. ScIuenfiid/iKs 1j. Brought from Mozambique
in 1855 by Dr. Sales, and now commonly cultivated round Mossamedes,
affording excellent fodder for cattle, Aug. 1859 : in cotton planta-
tions on banks of river Bero (probably introduced?), beginning of
July 1859 : no flowers. No. 2284.
3. C. rufus.
Andropoyoti rufus Kuntli Enum. i. p. 492 (1833).
Var. geiminiis Hack., I.e., p. 021 ; Durand & Scbinz, I.e., p. 721.
Gi>i.t;n'(;') Ai.Tfi.— Called by the negroes Mosseque and used every-
where for thatching houses. The blacks of Queta call the same thing
Mosoque. Common in reedy places throughout the whole district.
Sange ; beginning of June 1855. No. 2954. A grass 4 to (> sometimes
7 ft. high, slender, with linear suberect dull purple spikes, Speci-
mens flowering later than usual. In sunny thicket-grown places along
with other species of the same genus to the right of the river Cuanga :
end of Sept. 1855. No. 7224. In once cultivated places near Sange :
Arimo do Mariano ; beginning of July 1855. No. 7246. Gardens
at Sange; July 1855. No. 7264. No. 2948c (no notes).
IcoLo K Bengo. — Tall grassy places on banks of river Bengo.
Almost past flowering ; Sept. 1854. No. 7195. Common in grassy
places, flooded in summer, near the banks of the river Bengo near
Funda and Quifandongo ; Sept. 1854. No. 7196.
Var. fulvicomus Hack., I.e., p. 621.
HuiLLA. — In grassy wooded places, Lopollo ; April 1860. No. 7511.
Var. major Eeiidle var. nov.
Peduncle minutely scabridulous not villous above, hairs on
rhachis and .sliort tuft on callus of sessile spikelet white, on
peduncle whitish below becoming tawny above ; sessile spikelet
2h lines, outer glume truncate, purplish, sparsely pilose, haii-s
tawny, awn strong, 1| in. long; pedicelled spikelet acute, more
hairy than the sessile, 3 lines long ; racemes 1 to l?j in. long.
PuNGo And(>N(;<). — Common in sandy wooded places. Islands of
Calemba ; March 1857. No. 7409.
4. C. ScMmperi.
Andropogov ScMmperi Hochst. in Flora xxiv. Intell. i. p. 20
156 XXVIII. GUAMINE.K. [C't/t)ibojJOyOil.
,(1841) (nomen); A, Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. iQQ (1S51);
Hack., I.e., p. G23; DuranJ c^- Schiiiz, I.e., p. 721.
Cazengo. — Plentiful in rather damp reed-grown places near
Dalatando ; June 1855. No. 2947.
GdHNiiii Aj.to. — 5 to 8 ft. high, growing socially, often deceiving
with its various habit ; culm at first erect, then ascending and rooting.
In reedy places throughout the whole district, especially by roadsides
and margins of fields ; lieginuing of July 1855. No. 2953. A fine
grass, 4 to 7 ft. high, with culm f to \ in. thick at the base ; adult
leaves spreading horizontally, soon deflexed. Small specimens long
past flowering ; the proper time of flowering is May and June. Con-
fines of woods near Cacarambola in the Sange district ; Sept. 1855.
No. 7219. Plentiful in reedy places near Cambondo ; beginning of
July 1855. No. 7247- No. 2948 (no information).
5. C. Phoenix Reudle .sp. nov.
Perennial by a stout strong horizontal rhizome, widely crespitose,
stems sturdy in the lower part, closely enveloped by the large,
long, loose, somewhat sparsely hairy leaf- sheaths, or in the shoots
which have shot forth after tlie forest fires, with a much shorter
and not strongly developed lowest internode and .sheath ; upper
Hheatli cylindrical, closely enveloping and about ^ to ^ the length
of the slender terete internode, glabrous except at the pilose
mouth ; Ugule conspicuous, red-brown, membranous ; blade long,
linear-tapering, in the stronger leaves very narrowly linear-
lanceolate, with an acuminate awnlike tip, rigidulous, sub-
-scabridulous ; panicle lax, efFuse, about 6 in. long, branches long,
.slender, drooping, three or four together, bearing 1 to 4 lanceolate
acuminate purplish spathes, jjedicels i to I as long as the spathe,
i-iicemes subsessile, stalks epinastic, each wdth 2 basal pairs of
homogamous spikelets and 2 to 3 5 ; homogamous spikelets linear-
falcate to lanceolate- acute, reddish, ^, glabrous, rhachis- joints
and pedicels with white villous margins ; ^ spikelets exceecUng
the rhachis-joint, oval to oval-oblong, gl. I. ovate, 9-nerved,
margins involute, carinate and .scabridulous in the upper third ;
gl. II. subequal, 3-nerved, broadly scaphoid, margins incurved at
the lateral nerves, median nerve carinate and .scabridulous in the
upper half ; gl. III. shorter, hyaline, 2-nerved ; gl. IV. .shorter,
slendei', hyaline, awn brown flexuose, l'} in. long ; gl. I. of pedicelled
spikelet flattened, lanceolate-acute, reddish, glabrous, 7-nerved,
apex aristate ; gl. II. oval-oblong, 3-nerved ; gl. III. shorter,
liyaline, with an aborted c? flower at the base, or no trace of a
flower ; gl. IV. absent.
Plants li to 2 ft. high ; basal sheaths in the strongly-grown
specimen (No. 7193) 9 in. long, in the rest (No. 7226) not ex-
-ceeding 3 in. ; upper sheaths 4 to 2 in. long ; leaf-blades reaching
1 5 in. (or perhaps more) in length, by 2 to 5 lines broad. Ultimate
.spathes 1] to nearly 2 in. long; racemes 7 to 11 lines long, stalks
pulviniform, shortly villous inside, the longer reaching 1 line;
homogamous .spikelets 3 to 4 lines, with glabrous back and margins
carinate in the upper half, and scabridulous like the apex, rhachis-
hairs shorter than the joint, which is a little over 1 line, inser-
Cymhoirjgott'] xxvni. tiUAMiXE.E. 157
tion oblique ; $ spikelet 3^- to 3.! lines long, including the callu.-
(scarcely j line) ; gl. I. 2.V line, the truncate apex crimson and
scarious, and the upper half more or less tinged with red, sparsely
puberulous on the back ; gl. II. ovate and truncate when flattened,
membranous, ti-ansparent. tinged with red in the upper half ;
gl. III. 21 line ; gl. IV. IH line ; pedicel of stalked spikelet IJ to
1 2 line, gl. I. 3| to nearly 4 lines long, back glabrous, slightly
scaberulous upwards, margin inflexed, carinate and scabrid in
the upper third, embracing the flattened hyaline inflexed gl. II.
(21 lines long).
Near C. diplaudrus, but distinguished by its longer, darkei-
coloured, purplish racemes, the long-acute, barren, pedicelled
spikelets, and the longer-awned ^ spikelets.
Goi,ux(;(> Ai.To. — Native name Mosoque, i.e. Mosake. Sparsely
thicket-grown slopes, in sandy-clayey soil in the mountains of Sobatn
de Bumba ; Oct. 18r>;j. No. 7193- Perhaps the stems are so low from
being new shoots after the forest fires. Growing in broad tufts in
sunny places near Fonte Capopa: end of Sept. 1865. No. 7226.
6. C. elegans Spr., I.e.
Androjxxjon cjjmbarnis L. Mant. p. 303 (1771) ; non Hack., /.c,
p. 629.
Goi.rNCJo Alto. — .5 to 8 ft. and higher, culm ascending at the base^
bearing aerial I'oots at the nodes, branched above, panicle huge, nodding
at the top. Habit of an Andni/inj/o,/, In marshes dried up in winter
in the woods of Monte de Queta, Ijut in few places ; in fl. June and
July 18.56. No. 7300. Thickets and highways near N-dele and
Cacarambola ; begining to wither ; Sept. 1854. No. 2974
7. C. filipendulus.
AiidropCKjoji JiUpendidus Hochst. in Flora xxxi. p. 115 (1846) ;
Hack., I.e., p. 034 ; Durand & 8chinz, I.e., p. 712.
Var. angolensis Rendle var. nov.
Ultimate s}»athes excei'ding the common peduncle of the pair
oP racemes ; spikelets, excepting the margins, glabrous.
Hrn.LA.— Lofty thickets of Morro de Monino : May 180* ». No. 7524.
No. 2948/' (no notes).
The following may belong to this species.
Pi'Nco AM)(>N(i(). — In marshy meadows near Sansamanda ; end of
Feb. 1857. No. 2783/^. Forest meadows near Sansamanda ; May 1857.
No. 2773. Both specimens have been disfigured by a fungus Ustdago-
Cesatii Fisch. de Waldh. (determined by Miss Smith).
8. C. finitimus,
Andro2Jogon Jinitimus Hochst. ex A. Rich., I.e., p. 4G5 ; Hack.,.
I.e., p. 637 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e.
PrNco AxDDNci). — A grass of gregarious growth. 4 to (3 ft. high.
with branched culms. Plentiful in secondary thickets at the base of
huge rocks near Caghuy ; 28 March 1857. No. 2838-
9. C. Welwitschii Rendle sp. nov.
Andropogon Ghrysopogon Welw. ms. in herb.
Tall, 2 to 9 ft. high, with strong generally erect culms un-
branched in the lower part, or decumbent at the base and rooting
158 \xviii. GUAMINE.E. [Cymbopui/uit
at the lower nodes ; nodes feringinously hairy ; sheaths glabrous ;
ligule broad, oljtusely rounded or truncate, gla'orou.s, continued
laterally down the sheath forming niembi-anous veined wings;
lamina linear, or narrowly linear-lanceolate, constricted at the
base and tapering above to a setaceous apex ; panicle large, diffuse,
lax, in the larger specimens axillary as Avell as terminal ; idtimate
.spathes rufescent, lanceolate, generally very narrowly lanceolate,
acuminate, glabrous, exceeding in length the common peduncle
which is ferruginously hairy above and epinastic ; racemes sub-
sessile, with 1 and 2 fertile spikelets respectively ; appendices
short, blunt, reddish ; spikelets oblanceolate to narrowly suboval,
callus densely shortly hairy, hairs white, outer glume incompletely
9-nerved, green with a shortly produced, truncate, scarious, rufes-
cent, nerved apex, margins recurved embracing gl. II. which slightly
exceeds gl. I., and is scaphoid, 3-nerved, with scabridulous keel
and mucronate apex; gl. III. hyaline, 2-nerved, with inflexed
margins ciliate above ; fertile glume sliorter with an awn 2 to
2 J in. long springing from between the shortly 1)iiid apex ; awn
with a stout kneed ferruginously hirsutulovis column and glabrous
subula ; pedicelled spikelets reddish, lanceolate, acute, outer glume
with a weak slender awn equal or shorter than itself, inconspicu-
ously 7- to 9-nerved, sparsely hispidulous or glabrescent ; gl. II.
subequal, consjncuously 3-nerved, hyaline between the nerves ;
gl. III. shorter, delicate, hyaline, enerved, enveloping a (^ flower,
which is sometimes aborted.
Leaf-sheaths stramineous reaching G in. in length, ligule H to
2 lines, blade to 22 in. long by 7 lines broad, the largest plicate
at the strong midrib with 5 well-marked nerves on either side,
surface and margin scabridulous. Panicles 10 to 18 in. or more
long; ultimate spathes 2 to 2^ in. long; racemes 8 to 10 lines
long ; appendage below lowest $ spikelet .\ line long, a few stiff
reddish hairs near its base nearly equalling the sessile spikelet ;
margins of joints and pedicels white-hairy ; 5 spikelet 3 to 3^
lines long including the callus (^ to 1 line) ; back of outer glume
more or less pilosulose ; gl. III. 2 lines long : gl. IV. linear, scarcely
1 line, awn 2 to 2'^ in. Pedicel of c? (or neuter) spikelet 1^ lines,
spikelet 31 to 4?, lines, awn 2 to 5 lines long ; outer glume with
subcarinate hispidulous margins and incurved hyaline edges in-
folded over gl. II., which is subequal linear-oblong, acute, with
incurved edges round the oval-oblong gl. III. (If. line long) ; anthei's
1 line long or less.
Near C. conjinis (Atulropogou confinis Hochst.), but dis-
tinguished by having 2 $ flow^ers in the large raceme, by its
smaller spikelets, the more membranous inconspicuously veined
outer glume of the $ spikelet, and the narrower less membranous
pedicelled spikelet with its inconspicuously nerved reddish outer
glume.
Goi.UN(JO Ai.TO. — Native name Musoque. A very elegant annual
or biennial grass 2 to G sometimes 7 ft. high, with erect culm, and
reflexed or horizontally spreading leaves. Plentiful by thickets and
<'i/mbapo(jo/i,] xxviii. gramine.i:. 159
near edges of woods in Sobato deMussengue ; fl. Xov. I Sao. 1 to Gft.
high. By thickets near the Ambaca road ; 21 Nov. 1855. Xo. 7190.
Culm 9 ft. high, very hard ; when growing solitary becomes de-
cumbent and roots at all the lower nodes, and so a single plant
forms in a few months a very dense little wood. In reedy places
near Undele and Candombo, forming the so-called Capineta ; be-
ginning of June 1856. Xo. 2955. 5 to 8 ft. and higher, leaves
usually reddish, culm very hard. Plentiful in Capineta near Sange,
Bango ; June 1855. Xo. 2956. 5 to 8 ft., with nodding culms bear-
ing long very dense hairy rings at the nodes. (Irows sparsely by the
cataracts of the Cuango ; beginning of Aug. 1855. Xo. 3000. By
margins of thickets near the base of the Queta Mts., to the left of
the Cuango ; end of June 1855. Xo. 7248.
Var. minor. Apparently a smaller less robust growing plant,
reaching about 3 ft. in height, nodes glabrous ; tiltimate spatbes
of intiorescence purplish, 2 in. long, the racemes of each j)air
often of equal strength, having two ? flowers ; awns strong
3 in. long.
PuNtU) AND()N(i(). — Plentiful in the lofty mountain of Pedra de
Cabondo in the pr;«sidium ; middle of April 1857. Xo. 2820. In
rich woody places between Pungo Andongo and Catete : May 1857.
Xo. 7420.
10. C. Humboldtii Spr., I.e., p. 15.
Andropogon bracteatm Wilkl. Sp. PI. iv. p. 9U (1805); Hack.,
I.e., p. 643.
PuN(iO ANiJ()N(i().— Candumba : Jan. 1857. Xo. 2758. Attacked
by the same fungus as are the specimens from Huilla.
Huii.L.A. — In grassy wooded places near Lake Ivantilla ; end of
Feb. 18G0. Xo. 7513. Sheaths of upper leaves barbato-pilose. In
wooded meadows at Monino ; April 1800 Xo. 7514. Very plentiful
in rather damp meadows l)etween Monino and Lake Tvantala ; end of
March ]8()(). Xo. 7512. In rather damp meadows of tall grass be-
tween Lopollo and Monino : Fel). 1860. Xo. 2657.
In the last two numbers the spikelets have become deformed by
smut, which Miss Smith has determined as UstihKjo Ccsulii Fisch. de
Waldh., a species which like its host-plant is hitherto unrecorded for
the Old World.
1 1. C. andongensis Rendle sp. nov.
Perennial by a creeping woody much-branched rhizome,
rufescent; culms ascending, much-branched, nodes glabrous,
.sheaths loose, exceeding tiie internodes, glabrous or subglabrous
below hairy above, hairs long, soft, witli tuberculate base, ligule
subscarious, reddish, truncate, lamina narrow-linear tapering to
the base and aristiforin :ipex, midrib prominent, upper face
•scabridulous sometimes sparsely pilose, lower face minutely
scabridulous ; inflorescence laxly branched, linear or oval in
outline ; raceme pairs generally shorter than, rarely exceeding
the lanceolate acuminate spathe ; common peduncle and pedicels
subglabrous, one raceme subsessile, the other shortly stalked, the
former with a basal liomogamous ])air, each with 2 or 3 pairs of
heterogamous spikelets; a short blunt liguliform process below
160 XXVIII. GRAMINE.E. [G j/mbopogoH
the lowest ? spikelet ; rhachis-joints and pedicels flat Avith densely
shortly pale fulvous hauy margins ; spikelets reddish ; sessile
spikelet exceeding the rhachis-joint, callus short, blunt with a
subequal tuft of hairs on each side, oblong-lanceolate, broadest
in the middle ; outer glume coriaceous, glabrous with a scarious
scabridulous 2 -denticulate apex, elliptical-oblong, margins con-
volute, many-nerved, usually the 3 (sometimes 1 or 5) central
nerves form conspicuous parallel lidges ; gl. II. subequal,
3-nerved, broadly navicular, blunt ; gl. III. hyaline, oblong,
tapering to a blunt apex, 2-nerved, margins inflexed ciliolate
above ; fertile glume hyaline, linear from a weak stipitiform
base, apex bifid, awn 3 times the length of the spikelet, column
brown, shortly villous, shorter than the pale subula ; pale short,
rounded, lodicules broadly cuneate, ovary glabrous; pedicelled
spikelet lanceolate, acute, larger than the sessile ; outer glume
inconspicuously many-nerved ; gl. II. slightly shorter, 3-nerved,
narrowly navicular, mucronate ; gl. III. hyaline, oblong, blunt,
3-nerved, flowering glume hyaline, narrow.
Specimen 2^ ft. high, upwardly spreading, internodes terete,
lower 1 to 1^ in. long, becoming longer above ; ligule glabrous
1 to li lines long ; the narrow subflattened leaf-blades reaching
9 in. in length, 2^ lines or less in breadth, much longer than the
sheaths. Inflorescence a foot or less in length ; ultimate spathes
\\ to 2i in. long, racemes 2^ to 1 in. long (excluding awns),
pedicels I line and 2 lines respectively ; scarious process beneath
lowest $' spikelet reddish, ^ to i line long. Rhachis-joint red
2 lines long ; sessile spikelet 3^ lines including the callus {\ line) ;
point of insertion oblique, leaving no scarious appendage ; gl. III.
21 lines long ; fertile glume 2 lines, awn 9 to 10 lines, pale \
line. Pedicels 1^ to 2 lines long, bearing S spikelets 4 to 5 lines
long, margins of flattened outermost glume narrowly incurved
becoming carinulate above the middle, keels scabridulous ; gl. II.
3^ to 4 lines, hyaline between the nerves ; gl. III. 3^ lines, the
margin ciliolate in the upper § ; flowering glume scarcely 3 lines,
margin ciliolate above.
Near A. hracteatvs Willd., but easily distinguished by habit,
the markedly ridged outer glume of the sessile spikelet, and the
shorter weaker awn.
Puxdo Am)(>m;<;. — A widely ctespitose grass. Caghuv ; April
1857. No. 2728.
A starved-looking form with more slender stems, narrower leaves,
and smaller racemes with smaller spikelets (sessile 3 lines long,
pedicelled 3i lines) occurs in the same district. In wooded rock\-
places (elephant hunters' pits) near Mopopo ; April 1857. No. 7396.
12. C. Euprechti.
Andropogon Euprechti Unck. I.e., p. 645; A. macrolepls Hack.
in Flora Ixviii. p. 125 (1885), Mon. Androp. p. 646, in part ;
Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 717, in part.
PuNGO AxDONGo.— Calunda : Feb. 1857. No. 2712-
HuiLLA. — Wooded meadows, Monino ; April 18(30. No. 7523-
Themedal xxviii. geamixe.e. 161
15. THEMEDA Forsk. Fl. ^Eg.-Ai-ab. p. 178 (1775).
Anthistiridj Lhm. f. Nov. Gram. Gen. p. 35 (1779); Bentb. tfc
Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1136.
1. T. triandra Forsk., I.e.
I'. Fa)'skalii, vars. vulgaris and hnberhis, Hack. Mon. Androp.
p. G60 ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 730.
Prxcd Am)(>N(;o. — Damp meadows near Sansamanda ; Feb. 1857.
No. 2785. Tall grassy places near Lombe and Quibinda ; March
1857. Xo. 2839.
I HuiLLA. — Higher wooded meadows of Monino, but growing sparsely
for more specimens were vainly sought ; May 18(30. No. 2701.
Tribe ii. MAYDEjE.
16. COIX L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1112.
1. C. Lachryma-Jobi L. Sp. PI. p. 972 (1753) ; Steud. Syn, FL
Gram. p. 9 (1854) ; Wehv. Synops. Explic. p. 54 (1862); Durand
& Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 693.
Ambac.^. — In marshy places between Pumba and Puri-Cacarambola,
thoroughly spontaneous ; Oct. 1850. No. 3004.
CAZKN(i(». — A grass, native of East India, now spontaneous in
southern Europe and tropical Africa ; cultivated in central Europe as
an annual, but observed as a perennial in Serra d'Acrabida, Portugal.
Probably introduced by missionaries, like Ahi-u.-i, etc., for making
rosaries. Grows in wooded places sporadically by streams and springs,
Avith very large ca3spitose shoots. In fruit the whole year. On the
banks of the river Moembege, near Dalatando ; June 1855. No. 7241.
17. ZEA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1114.
1. Z. Mays L. 8p. PI. p. 971 (1753); Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl.
p. 557 (1849) ; Steud. Syn. PI. Gram. p. 9 (1854); Welw. Synops.
Explic. p. 35 (1862) ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 692.
Native name Massa, Wehv. Apont. p. 540 (1859).
LoAXDA. — The whole stem and the panicle of male flowers purplish.
Commonly cultivated in the whole country of Angola, promiscuously
with the typical form with a green stem, etc. Picked in gardens
(Esquina de Bengo): July 1854. No. 7320.
A.MB.vcA. — Milho gigante de Casange. Nov. 1855. Coll. Cakp. 1101.
Tribe iii. FANIGE.E.
18. PASPALUM L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1097.
1. P. paniculatum Gaertn. Fruct. & Sem. ii. p. 2, t. 80 (1791);
(non Linn.).
P. muUispica Steud. Syn. PI. Gram. p. 18 (1854).
Prince's Isj, and.— Here and there in rather dense damp woods,
Pico de Papagaio ; Sept. 185.^^. No. 2929.
Note. — P. paniculatnm L. Syst. ed. x. p. 855 (1759) is founded
on Sloan. Jam. t. 72, f. 2. The type in Herb. Sloane (fol. II. p. 37) is
Ptinicuni faxciculatum Sw. Gaertner gives the same reference to
Sloane, but his figure represents what we understand now by Paspahun
panlcvMtinn, which is therefore of Gaertner, not Linn^us.
VOL. II. 11
162 XXVIII. GRAMiXE^. [Paspalum
2. P. conjugatum Berg, in Act. llelv. vii. p. 129, t. 8 (1762) ;
Bentli. in Kook. Niger Fl. p. 557 (1849); Steud., I.e., p. 21;
Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 736.
SiEKKA Lkoxe.— Sept. 1853. No. 2937 (in part).
Prince's Isr.AXD. — Primaeval woods at foot of Pico de Papagaio :
Sept. 18.53. No. 2927.
3. P. serobiculatum L. Mant. p. 29 (1767); Benth., I.e. ; Steud ,
I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 738.
SiEHHA Leoxe. — Leaf-sheaths and leaves more or less hairy :
spikelets small (a to ^ line). Sept. 1853. Nos. 2937 (in part), 2941.
Amp.kiz.— Nov. 1853. No. 2892i.
GoLUNGo Alto. — Rather plentiful in sparsely grassy sunny places
near Cacarambola, sometimes prostrate, sometimes erect ; Feb. 1855,
No. 2987.
PuNfio AxpoxGo. — Damp meadows near Sansamanda : Feb. 1857.
Nos. 2794, 2795. MutaLucala in marshy meadows; Mar. 1857. No. 2707.
4. P. distichum L. Amten. Acad. v. p. 391 (1760); Benth., I.e. ;
Steud., I.e., p. 29 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 7i57.
P. vaginatum Sw. Prod. p. 21 (1788).
Madeika.— Hills above Funchal ; Aug. 1853. No. 2918.
LoAXDA.— No. 7327.
19. DIGITARIA Heist, ex Adans. Fam. ii. pp. 38, 550 (1763).
Panicum L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1101, pro parte.
1. D. longiflora Pers. Syn. i. p. 85 (1805).
Panieum parrvlum Trin. in Mem. Acad. Sci. Petersb. ser. 6.
iii. p. 205 (1835) ; Steud. Syn. PI. Gram. p. 41 (1854). Paspalum,
longiflorum. Retz., Obs. iv. p. 15 (1786) ; Durand & Schinz, Consp.
Fl. Afr. v. p. 737. P. brerifolmm Fliigg. Monogr. p. 150 (1810);
Benth. in Hook. Nig. Fl. p. 557 (1849).
Sierra Leom:.— Sept. 1853. No. 2946.
GoLiTXGo Ai/ro?— No. 7256 (no notes).
PuNfio AxnoNGo. — A grass like a Cynndon, with prostrate culms-
rooting at the nodes, fertile ones erect, very slender : spikes geminate
or ternate, a shining yellowish-green. On rocks covered with a sandy
clayey earth at Pedras de Guinga ; plentiful but not often in flower ;
Mar. 1857. No. 2935.
2. D. ternata Stapf in Fl. Capens. vii. p. 376 (1898).
Panicum ternatum Hochst. in Flora xxiv. Intelligenzbl. i. p. 19
(1841) (nomen) ; Steud., I.e., p. 40 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 766.
Cynodon ternatum A. Eich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 405 (1851).
PuNGo AxDoxGo. — A laxly ca^spitose grass with the habit of
Digitaria ; apparently annual. Meadows between Bumba and N'billa
(Umbuilla) ; March "1857. No. 7436.
3. D. monodactyla Stapf., I.e., p. 373.
Panicnm moriodactijlum Nees Fl. Afr. Austr. p. 21 (1841) ;
Steud., I.e., p. 56 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 755.
PuxGo AxDoxcio. — In wooded pastures covered with short grass
near Quilanga : April 1857. No. 2823- Laxly c;espitose, with
ascending culms, and simple, very long, slender spike. Plentiful in
JJiSouth African forms of Panicum commutatum Nees,
but is distinguished at once by its less regular binate spikes, with
broader strongly convex long-silky-haired spikelets.
HriLLA. — In rich pastures at Monino ; April 18G0. No. 2676.
1). D. angolensis Rendle sp. nov.
Perennial (?), stem erect or with an ascending base, leafy ;
leaves rather broadly linear, tapering to the base and acute apex,
ligule membranous truncate, sheaths longer than the internodes ;
spikes (8) subeorymbosely f astigiate, rhachis narrow, trigonous ;
spikelets crowded, in groups of 4, plano-convex, softly pubescent,
oval, subacute. Inline long ; subsidiary glume very small, rounded,
barren glumes subequal, 3-nerved, fertile glume slightly sliortei-,
oval, abi'uptly acute, glabrous.
Plants about 2 ft. high. Stems rather stout, flexuous. Nodes
glabrous ; leaf-sheaths loose, glabrous or spai'sely hairy in their
upper part, where they may also be subcarinate ; blades glabrous,
spreading, margin thickened and minutel}^ crispulate, midrib sub-
prominent below, 5 to 7 in. in length by 4 lines in breadth.
Spikelets long- and short-stalked, often viviparous. Subsidiary
glume thin and translucent; barren glumes li line long, oval,,
nai-rowing above to a subacute tip, covered with long ascending
whitish hairs, the lower concave, the upper flattened dorsally with
sides incurved at the lateral nerves ; fertile glume, just over a
line in length, very concave with strongly incurved edges, in-
conspicuously 3-nerved ; pale similar but flatter and slightly
narrower.
Prx(;() Andoxgo. — Damp meadows near Sansamanda ; Feb. 1857.
No. 2790.
10. D. nitens Rendle sp. nov.
Perennial, cfespitose, with a densely woolly base; stems and
leaves erect, leaves rigid, nai-row- linear, sharply pointed ; panicle
elongated,branchesfiliform,ascending;spikelets, Inline, lanceolate,
outer glumes covered with silvery-white hairs ; subsidiary glume
absent ; lower barren glume triangular, ^ the length of the upper
and of the fertile glume ; upper barren glume lanceolate, 5-nerved ;
fertile glume ovate, 3-nerved.
The short rhizome and withered bases of leaf -sheaths covered
with soft densely matted woolly hairs ; roots wiry. Shoots of
present season 20 to 27 in. long, unbranched, leafy to above the
middle, internodes polished, slender ; nodes glabrous. Leaf-blades
finely striate with scabridulous margins, ending in long sharp
points, at the base of the stem often pilose, above glabrous,
generally 3 to 6 in. long by 1 to li line broad ; sheaths loose,
shorter or longer than the internodes ; ligule membranous, short,
166 XXVIII. GiiAMixE/E. [Dlgitafiii
truncate, generally oblique. Panicle 5 to 7 in. long ; rhacbis
.slender, elongated, beai-ing numerous tiliform lateral branches ou
which the spikelets are arranged singly, or, in the lower portion,
on short few-flowered branchlets ; articulation of spikelets large,
shortly hairy. Lower glume acutely triangular from a rounded
gibbous base, 3-nerved, densely covered with long stiff hairs, li line
long ; upper subacute with thinly membranous incurved edges, the
nerves densely hairy, 1 1^ line long ; fertile glume shghtly .shorter
than the upper barren glume, glabrous, the edges incurved above
the middle, thin, and translucent, becoming convolute above to
form an abruptly acute apex; pale narrower, similar in form and
texture to the glume.
HuiLLA. — A cEespitose grass, with erect leaves and culms, and silvery-
shining spikelets. Common in sandy clayey thickets near Lopollo :
2 Dec. 1859. No. 2634.
Material insulEcient for specific determination : —
Sierra Leone.— Sept. 1853. No. 2942.
20. ERIOCHLOA H. B. & K. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.
p. 1099.
1. E. polystachya H. B. & K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. i. p. 95, t. 31
(1815) ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. V\. Afr. v. p. 739.
E. annulata Kunth Eev. Gram. i. p. 30 (1829). E. punctata
Hamilt. Prodr. PL Ind. Occ. p. 5 (1825) ; Durand & Schinz, I.e.,
p. 739. Panicum annulatum A. Eich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii.
p. 370 (1851).
LoANUA. — Banks of ponds in sandy clayey soil above Forte do
Conceicao ; rather rare ; perennial ; 12 July 1854. Xo. 7344. A grass
a foot high, in habit simulating a dwarf form of Glijcfrla jluifam. In
clayey sandy soil round the artificial ponds (represa), of Sr. Luiz
Gomes, south of Loanda ; May 1858. Xo. 7289. A small prostrate
perennial grass. Around ponds, dry in winter, near Bemposta, Init
sparse ; Jun. 1858. Xo. 7283-
21. ISACHNEE. Br. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1100.
1. I. angolensis Eendle sp. nov.
Shoots decumbent and much branched below, then erect, leafy
up to the panicle, leaves narrowly sublanceolate-linear, acute ;
panicle large, habit of /. multiflora Trim., branches spreading,
densely flowered in the upper two-thirds from the appressed
secondary branches; spikelets like the rhachis and branches reddish-
purple, oval, blunt, 1 line long ; barren glumes subequal with
broad colourless margins ; lower fertile glume oval, overtopping
the barren glumes, enclosing a $ flower, upper shorter enclosing
a ? flower.
Shoots copiously branched below, rooting at the lowermo.st
nodes, nearly 1^ ft. high ; nodes geniculate, purplish, glabrescent.
Leaves 2 to 4 in. long by 2 to 2^^ lines broad, glabrous, face.s
veiTUCulose, veining rather prominent on the lower ; ligule com-
prising a row of rather long (1 line) whitish hairs; sheaths,
except the uppermo.st, about equal to the internodes, striate, tinged
Isachne] XXVIII. GHAMINEyE. 1G7
with purple, margins ciliate. Panicle scarcely fully expanded,
6 in. long by 4 in. broad, broadly ovate in outline, lov/ar bi-anches
2.^ in. long becoming shorter above, branchlets and pedicels very
shortly hairy, pedicels equal to, or 2 to 3 times the length of, the
spikelets. Barren glumes meml)ranous, pui-plish with a broad
thinner colourless margin, very blunt, the lower oval, 5- to 7-nerved,
with a few stiff erect hairs near the top, l line long, the upper
ovate, 7-nerved, glabrous, slightly shorter than the lower (^ line
long) ; lower fertile glume nearly 1 line, subcoriaceous, 7-nerved,
broadly oval, with a bluntly-pointed apex and a few stiff shoi-t
bail's at the base, the incurved edges enveloping a more narrowly
oval pale with a $ flower, anthers purple, styles very feathery ;
upper fertile gl. -i line, coriaceous, oval, 7-nerved, setuliferous
at the base with a few scattered short hairs above, enclosing a
narrower pale with a ? flower.
Has the habit of /. midtiflora Trim., but is cUstinguished by the
characters of the spikelet, which is narrower with much nai'i-ower
fertile glumes.
HuiLLA. — Damp rocks at Morro de Lopollo. At the cataract : end
of March 1860. No. 7499.
22. PANICUM L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1100,
pro parte.
Sect. 1. — Brachiaria.
1. P. brizoides Lam. Illustr. 1. p. 170 (1791).
P. paspalodes Pers. Syn. i. p. 81 (1805) ; Benth. in. Hook.
Niger Fl. p. 560 (1849); Steud. Syn. PI. Gram. p. 60 (1854)
(ei-rore ^^aspcdokles).
MossAMEDES. — Sandy places at the river Maiombo, near Bisaco,
growing with various CyperaceiB ; Oct. 1859. No. 2638. A perennial
stoloniferous creeping grass, i to 2 ft., in form like Becknuuinia, rather
succulent and affording excellent fodder for cattle. A-'ery common in
woody damp places at the mouths of the rivers Giraul (or Quinina)
and Maiombo, and round Lake Giraul ; July 1859. No. 2289.
2. P. andongense Rendle sp. nov.
Perennial, 2^ ft. high, with a tuft of spreading branching shoots ;
leaves patent, linear-lanceolate, acute, with rigid minutely aculeate
margins ; spikes short, distant, sessile ; spikelets few, tui-gid, closely
arranged in two rows on a slender flexuose rachis, IV line long,
obovate, sparsely puberulous ; glume I. blunt about \ gl. IT. ;
gl. II. very concave, a little shorter than gl. III., which is
coriaceous, oliovate, and encloses a large broad pale and ($ flower ;
fertile gl. nearly equal to the last, obovate, enclosing a 5 flower.
A number of shoots spring in a tuft from the shoi-t hard
rhizome ; they spread and branch copiously, becoming with their
ascending branches finally erect, and ending in long subtiliform
spike-bearing axes ; nodes puberulous. Leaf- sheaths generally
strict or appressed, except in the lower parts shorter than the
internodes, striate with pilose edges and mouth ; ligule short,
168 XXVIII. GRAMiNE/E. [Panicuvi
membrunou.s, pilose ; blade stift', glabrous, 1 V to 3.V in. long by
2 to 4 lines broad. Spikes generally 8, near the end of the long
axis, separated by internodes about equal to their own length,
decreasing in size from below upwards, 2- to 8-flowered, the upper-
most reduced to a single spikelet, rhachis sparsely pilose. Glume I.
triangular-ovate, membranous , 3-nerved, ^ line long ; gl. II.
thicker, very broadly oval, very concave and blunt, inconspicuously
5 -nerved, 1 line long ; gl. III. concave, with edges strongly
incurved above, and apiculate, 5-nerved, 1 h line long, enclosing a
membranous obovate pale with edges sharply inflexed at the strongly
marked nerves ; anthers dark-coloured ; fertile gl. coriaceous,
minutely scabrid, bkmt, very inconspicuously 3-nerved, 1~ line
long, the incurved edges enclosing the well-fitting pale.
The form of the inflorescence and the shape of the spikelet
recall P. hrizoides Lam., but the rhachis is slender, not broad as in
that species, while the habit and the stift' lanceolate leaves with
their minutely serrulate margin are very characteristic and distinct.
PuNGO Andoxgo. — Wet places in the praesidium ; Feb. 1857.
No. 2793.
3. P. brizanthum Hochst. in Flora xxiv. Intell. 1, p. 19 (1841)
(nomen) ; A. Eich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 363 (1851) ; Steud., I.e.,
p. 63 ; Durand k Schinz, I.e., p. 742.
PuNGO ANDOX(io.—Calunda ; March 1857. No. 2713. A perennial
grass, laxly cfespitose, with flat erect leaves, and erect slender almost
naked culms 3 to 4 ft. high, bearing at the top 3 to G subfalcate spikes
closely beset with unilateral spikelets. In habit like a Paspuhon.
Here and there in rather damp meadows at the river Cuanza near
Mop6pn ; April 1857. No. 2822. Meadows near Sansamanda : Feb.
1857. No. 2796.
4. P. falciferum Trin. Gram. Panic, p. 127 (1826), Icon, et
Descript., t. 147 (1829); Benth., I.e., p. 560 ; Steud., I.e., p. 57 ;
Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 749.
PuNGO AxDOXGO. — In marshy places near Quibanga ; Jan. 1857.
No. 2775. No. 2845 (no notes).
A larger coarser plant than the Huilla one, and also characterised by
the broad rhachis fringed with ferruginous hairs twice as long as the
spikelets. Specimens collected in Gambia by Mungo Park resemble
this form.
HuiLL.\. — Shady rather dry pastures near Lopollo ; Feb. 18G().
No. 2652.
Smaller slenderer plants than those from Pungo Andongo, the
narrower rhachis bearing only a few almost colourless hairs, resembling
therein Trinius' figure and description.
There is some discrepancy in the size and neuration of the
outermo.st glume in the specimens which I have examined and
Trinius' figure. In plants from Cape Coast, Acci-a, Gambia, and
Angola it is invariably truncate and generally 5-nerved. It
varies in length from | to | the length of the third glume.
5. P. brevispicatum Ptendle sp. nov.
Annual forming a tuft of numerous decumbent shoots rooting
Pmiicum] xxviii. gramine^e. 16^
at the lower nodes and densely leafy below ; leaves short, linear-
lanceolate, acute, margins thickened, often minutely aculeate ;
spikes 1 or 2, short, consisting of a row of oval sessile spikelets
alternating on the lower surface of the somewhat broadened
rhachis; glume I. oblique, with numerous parallel nerves, loosely
wrapping the base and as long as the spikelets ; gls. II. and III.
similar, slightly shorter than gl. I., veins (7 or 5) with con-
spicuous cross unions, the third subtends a large pale with a
(^ flower ; fertile gl. equal to II. and III., concave, oval, finely
transversely rugulose.
Shoots to 1}, ft. long ; nodes glabrous ; lower internodes
short slender (I in. or less) completely covered by tlie loose
subcompressed sheaths which are striate and glabrous with shortly
hairy edges and mouth. Ligule very shoi-t, truncate, membi-anous ;
leaf-blades ascending or spreading, glabrous beneath, sparsely
hairy above, li to 2^ in. long, 3 to 4 lines broad, flattened or with
incurving edges. Spikes single, or a secund pair at the end of
the long slender axis, f to 1 in. long. Spikelets 8 to 10 in a
dense single row ; the very short pedicel bears a few white hairs.
Glume I. large, membranous, ovate to oval, with a rounded apex
and numerous (17) pai-allel nerves, 1^ line long; gl. II. mem-
branous, broadly oval, rounded, nerves 7, converging above, IJ
line long ; gl. III. 5-nerved, with a broad pale with well-marked
nerves and strongly incurved edges, anthers orange-coloured ;
fertile gl. with a closely fitting pale and $ flower; lodicules
large (i line long), subquadrate.
Near P.falciferam Trin., but distinguished by its broad spread-
ing leaf-blades, its glabrous spikelets arranged in a single row
with the large loose many-nerved outer barren glume.
PuxGo AxDoxGo. — Damp meadows near Muta Lucala ; March 1857.
No. 2726- Common ia sandy low-lying wooded meadows between
Condo and Quisonde ; March 1857. JS^o. 2829.
A specimen collected in Gambia by Mungo Park belongs to the
same species. It has longer leaves (2^ to 4^ in.) and spikes (to l}^ in.)
than Welwitsch's plants.
6. P. humidicolum Rendle sp. nov.
Stem stout, creeping, branching at its terminal node and
emitting a tall ascending thin erect shoot ; leaves stift', broadly
linear-lanceolate, subacute ; spikes 4 to 5, secund ; spikelets
large (2^ lines) oval, in a dense single row on the lower
face of the scarcely broadened rhachis ; glume I. nearly as long
as the spikelet, blunt with numerous parallel nerves ; gls. II.
and III. equal, hairy on the back, 7-nerved, with con-
spicuous cross-unions, blunt or apiculate, the third subtending
a pale Avith a ^ flower; fertile gl. oval, minutely apiculate and
finely transversely rugulose.
Creeping stem 1 ft. long in the single specimen, internodes
1 to 3 in. long by 2 lines in thickness, leaves as in the erect shoot.
Erect shoot, with a geniculate ascending base, 4 ft. long ; lower
internodes 3 in. long, upper much longer, and with a circlet of
170 XXVIII. GRAMINEyE. [PauiCU'Dl
hairs beneath the large brown glabrous notles. Sheaths -?r to rj
length of internodes, loose, striate, glabrous with minutely pilose
edges ; ligule a very narrow membranous edge, bearing a row of
short stitiish erect hairs ; leaf -blades ascending, 2^ to i^ in. long
by 5 to 6 lines broad, glabrous, ligiil, with a thickened sparsely
aculeate margin. Spikes 1^ to 2~ in. long, subascending, separated
by internodes 1 to 2 in. long ; rhachis and very short pedicels with
stiff white hairs. Glume I. membranous sometimes with a purple
blotch, oval, very blunt, 1 1-nerved, 2i lines long ; gl. II. oval
narrowing to the blunt apex, 2^ lines long ; gl. III. broadly
ovate, much broader than the second, with incurving edges and
apiculate, pale oblong-oval narrowing at the top ; fertile gl.
scarcely 2 lines long, with a close-fitting coriaceous pale.
Near the last two species, but distinguished by its habit and
very large spikelets.
HuiLLA. — In rather damp wooded meadows near the river Monino,
but not common ; April 1860. No. 2678.
7. P. distichophyllum Trin. Gram. Panic, p. 147 (1826), Icon.
et Descript. t. 182 (1829); Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 560
(1849) ; Steud., I.e., p. 57 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 747.
PuNGO Andongo.— A laxly csespitose gi-ass, culms prostrate-ascend-
ing very graceful, and like the lanceolate leaves bright green ; panicle
branches secund, spikelets greenish. In broken places and rock-fissures
filled with clav at Pedras de Guinga, but seen in one place only ;
March 1867. No. 2934.
8. P. nudiglume Hochst. in Flora xxvii. p. 253 (1844) ; Steud.,
I.e., p. 68 ; Durand & Schinz, l.c , p. 756.
P. Eujjrechti Fenzl. ex Steud., l.c.
Cazkngo. — Frequent by margins of woods near Palmira and at Porto
do Luinha ; Dec. 1854. No. 7182.
LoANDA.— In poor pastures above Boa Vista ; March 1854. No. 7467-
No. 7362c (in part) (no information).
GoLUNGo Alto ?— Nos. 7217, 7239& (no information).
Vai-. major Hochst. ex A. Fdch. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 372 (1851) ;
Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 757.
LoANDA.— Conceigao and S. Pedro; May. No. 7469.
The spikelets are If line long, and the outermost glume is
.somewhat looser than in the species.
This species is near the Indian F. Fetiverii Trin.
9. P. fasciculatum Sw. Prodr. p. 22 (1788); Steud., I.e., p. 80.
LoANDA. — No. 7335. A pleasing grass. Quicuxe ; Aug. 1857.
Coi.L. a\KP. 1089.
10. P. serraefolium Hochst. in Flora xxviii. p. 196 (1855);
Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 765.
LoANDA ?— No. 7362c (in part) (no information).
11. P. bolbodes Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. .Ethiop. p. 300 (1867)
(nomen).
Uelopus bolbodes Hochst. ex Steud., I.e., p. 100. Eriochloa
Panicicm] xxviii. gramine.e. 171
bolbodes Schweinf. in Bull. Herb, Boiss. ii. Append, ii. p. 17 (189-1)
(nomen) ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 738.
LoANDA. — Dried-up ponds near Musequede Luiz Gomes: Mar. 1854.
No. 7352. No. 7476 is probably from the same locality. Among
herbaoje near ponds above Boa Vista, but rare ; Mar. 1854. No. 73526.
No. 2906 (no notes).
GoLUNCio Alto. — One of the grasses which form the short-lived
meadows in the Golungo Alto district. It tlowers in November soon
after the rains. Sunny spots in sandy mud with low-growing sedges
near Sange ; Dec. 1854. No. 7185- A perennial 2 to ?> ft. and more
in height ; common in sparsely grassy places on sandy rather damp
soil. Plentiful in fields and waysides near Camilungo and on the way
to Ambaca ; Nov. 1855. No. 7i88.
A.MBACA. — H to 3 ft. high, ascending, yielding excellent fodder for
cattle. Pastures on the left bank of the river Lucala ; Oct. 1856.
No. 2741.
PuNGo AxDONGo. — "2 to 3 ft. high: laxly crespitose, yielding
excellent fodder for cattle. Rich shady pastures in the pifesidium
near Catete, etc.; Dec. 1850. No. 2766. Mutollo ; Feb. 1857.
No. 2766&.
HuiLLA. — Woody meadows between Lopollo and Monino ; Feb. 18G0.
No. 2673.
MossAMEDKS. — Moist sandy places round Bero and Mata dos Capen-
teiros ; Aug. 1859. No. 2598.
12. P. psammophilum Welw. ms. in herb ampliatum.
Plants covered with a tawny pubescence, G to 18 in. high,
varying greatly in habit according to the development of intev-
nodes, size of leaves, and density of inflorescence ; shoots often
densely leaved ; leaf -sheaths loose, generally short and broad ;
ligule represented by a ridge of short hairs ; blades narrowly
lanceolate tapering to an acute or acuminate apex; spikelets
shortly stalked, crowded in shoit oblong or linear dense panicles,^
arranged closely or laxly on the main rhachis, ovate, 2 lines long ;
glume I. thin, ovate, acute, | length of the spikelet, gls. II. and
III. membranous, subequal, broadly oval and ovate, the latter
subtending a pale and ^ flower ; fertile gl. ^ the length of the
second and third, oval, subacute.
Specimens all apparently annual. Some (No. 2625) forming
small plants 6 in. high with short spreading decumbent closely-
leaved shoots ending in a dense panicle linear-oblong or lanceolate
in outline. Othei-s (No. 2624) hnve elongated widely branching
.spreading shoots, geniculate at the base, 1-^- ft. long, with inter-
nodes 2 to 2^ in. long, 1^ line thick below and bare above the
middle, and a lax inflorescence 6 in. long. Others (No. 2626),
which Welwitsch considered a distinct species, have a very thick
stem (3 lines in diameter at the base), densely clothed with large
woolly ascending leaves. Internodes rigid, lower nodes often
swollen. Leaf -sheaths generally loose, very broad and compressed,
1 to 2^ in. long by 2 to 3 lines broad or narrower near the
inflorescence, in the thick-stemmed plants l-^^ to 2^ in. long by
7 to 5 lines bi-oad, and with conspicuous parallel veins. Leiif-
blades linear-lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate from a truncate
172 XXVIII. GRAMiNEyE. [Panicum
base often much drawn out to an acute or acuminate apex,
2 to 4 in. long hj 3 to 4 lines broad or in the thick-stemmed
plant 7 to 8 in. by often nearly 1 in. broad just above the base y
midrib conspicuous in the under surface only. Stems leafy right
up to the inflorescence, which in the smaller plants (No. 2625) is
2.V to 31 in. long, in No. 2626 forms a very dense narrow panicle
9 in. long with greatest width of 1.^, in. about the middle.
Spikelets covered with long ascending hairs. Glume I. 1]- to VI
line long, thinly membranous, 3-nerved, lateral nerves often short
or even absent ; gl. II. broadly oval, nai^rowing slightly to the blunt
tip, 5- or 7-nerved, with incurx-ing edges 11 to nearly 2 lines long,
edges incurved; gl. III. ovate-obtuse, 1^' to 2 hues long, 5-nerved,
edges thin and incurved, enclosing an oval subequal pale and a
($ flower ; fertile gl. li line long, oval, sometimes tapering at
the top, coriaceous, blunt or subacute, inconspicuously 5-nerved,
glabrous, very minutely transversely rugulose on back, convex
with the edges shortly inflexed and embracing the closely-fitting
coriaceous pale.
A very well-marked species, recalling in the shape of the
spikelet, P. holhodes Schweinf. and P. trichopus Hochst.
MossAMKDES. — Pan/cum j^^f^inmnphilum Welw. Habit somewhat
that of Tr/cholcena, but scarcely a true Tr/chohena, as there is no in-
volucre. Common and widely cfespitose in rather damp sandy spots
in the littoral valley between Cabo Negro and Mossamedes, at a place
called "a Cazemba," near Rio Carvea : 3 Sept. 1859. No. 2624.
Plentiful in sandy gravelly places near the sea, and with Arixtida
iwodigio^a almost the only grass of this desert — yet scarcely liked by
cattle. July to Sept. 1859. Common on sand-covered rocks near the
sea at Port Alexander, and, except for a species of Lyciam and some
Borraginecc the only vegetation in the place. About 160 ft. above
Tiger Bay ; end of ^ Aug. 1859. No. 2626. Plentiful in dry sandy
places by the sea near the town of Mossamedes (Aguada) ; end of
June 1859. No. 2625.
There are also specimens in the British Museum, collected at Fish
Bay by Anthony Hove.
13. P. numidianum Lam. 111. i. p. 172 (1791) : Benth., I.e. ;
Steud., I.e., p. 61 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., jd. 757.
GoLUNGo Alto '?— No. 2960 (no information).
14. P. oryzoides Sw., I.e., p. 23 ; Steud., I.e., p. 80 ; non
P. latifoliwn L. Sp. PI. p. 58 (1753).
PuNGO Andongo.— A grass 6 to 8 ft. high-climbing, with aerial
roots and bearded at the joints ; rarely flowering. In thick rather
damp woods on the island of Calemba between Condo and Quisonde,
river Cuanza ; March 1857. No. 7429.
15. P. gabunense Hack, in Verb. Bot. Ver. Prov. Brandenl>.
xxxi. p. 7U (1890) ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 750.
GoLUNGO Alto. — In the densest primitive forest. Cungulungulo :
Feb. 1855. No. 7174. A somewhat rigid, hard grass, dull green in
colour, eminently social, thriving in the shade of primitive woods, soon
disappearing never to return after the first cultivation of a place.
Plentiful in dense very shady rather damp woods at Cungulungulo-
Fanicum] xxviii. oramine.e. 173
along with coffee ; Feb. 1855. No. 7208. (Judging from Welwitsch's
sj)ecimens of the genus Coffea, the species may be C>{f('a liherica Hiern,
as plants of this were collected by Welwitsch at the same place in the
.same month of 1855.)
Sect. 2. — ECHINOCIILOA.
16. P. colonum L. Syst. ed. x. p. 870 (1759); Stead., I.e., p. 46;
Durand tt Schinz, I.e., p. 742.
LoAxnA. — Ponds, dry in winter, near Alto das Cruzes. An
annual grass, with straight culms, some ascending, more rarely rooting,
forming rather loose tufts reddish-purple at the base ; June 1858.
No. 7296. Quite prostrate, rooting at the nodes, which are decumbent
at the base ; May 1854. No. 7296/>.
GoM'XCO Ai/ro. — A single specimen found in sunny spots inundated
l)y November rains near Saoge ; Mar. 1855. No. 7180- A small stai'ved
form. No. 7230 (no information).
MossAMEDKS. — An annual grass, with ascending branched limp
culms. Sandy clayey places near Giraul ; July 18511. No. 2605.
17. P. Crus-Galli L. Sp. PI. p. 56 (1753); Steud., I.e., p. 47 ;
Durand it Schinz, I.e., p. 744.
EeldnoeJdoa Crus-Galli Beauv. Agrost. p. 53 (1812).
Sierra Leoxe. — Sept. 1853. No. 2944 (specimen imperfect).
18. P. pyramidale Lam. Illustr. i. p. 171 (1791), Encyc. iv.
p. 735 (error, typogr. 745) (1795-96) ; Steud, I.e., p. 62 ; Durand
& Schinz, I.e., p. 760.
Barra do Bexgo. — Apparently perennial, with ascending culms
3 to 5 ft. thick, soft {i.e. not hard), smooth, thickly softly pilose at
the nodes, with glabrous sheaths, and flat leaves scabrid at the margin.
Habit almost of OpV/suiPiiHs. This species of grass is the principal
component of the soft juicy fodder which is exported from the banks
of the Bengo to Loanda for the stable -feeding of horses, donkeys, etc.
Indigenous and cultivated on the banks of the Bengo river ; much
liked by cattle : Dec. 185:1 and 1858, in fl. and unripe fr. No. 2902.
5 to 10 ft. high. Plentiful near Quifandongo on the river Bengo ;
Dec. 1853. No. 7449. Plentiful in marshes on the river Bengo.
Coll. Carp. 1084.
LoAXDA ? — No. 7351^ (no information).
PuxGO AxDoxGo. — Damp places near Sansamanda; Feb. 1857.
No. 2797. Condo ; March 1857. No. 2747.
19. P. Crus-Pavonis Nees Agrost. Bras. p. 259 (1829); Steud.,
I.e., p. 48 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 745.
GoLUX(;o Alto. — Banks of river Cuango ; Dec. 1854. No. 7201-
Marshy places Sobato de Bumba ; growing ca^spitosely on the river
banks ; end of Sept. 1855. No. 7225. A polymorphic grass as regards
colour and form of spike. No. 7225i (no information). Common on
banks of rivers Quiapose and Cuango near Sange ; Feb. 1855. No. 2986.
PuxGO AxDOXGO. — 3 to 4 ft. high, growing in dense marshy
thickets ; panicles purple. Banks of river Cuanza near Candumba ;
Mar. 1857. No. 7430.
HuiLLA.— Growing with species of Polyr/nnnm on the marshy banks
of the river near Humpata ; April 18G0. No. 7490.
174 XXVIII. GRAMiNE.E. [Panicu7n
Sect. n. — Hymenachne.
20. P. indicum L. Mant. p. 184 (1771); Steud., I.e., p. 84.
PuNGO AxDONGo. — Wooded marshy meadows near Pedras de
Guinga ; March 1857. Xo. 2826-
Var. elatum Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. vii. p. 42 (1896).
PuNGo AxDoNGo. — Damp wooded meadows between Condo and
Quisonde : March 1857. Xo. 7411. No. 2844 (no information).
21. P. interruptum Willd. Sp. PI. i. p. 341 (1797) ; Steud., I.e..
p. 66 ; Durand it Schinz, I.e., p. 751.
GoLUXGo Ai.To? — Xo. 2963 (no information).
PuxGo Amiongo. — A grass 3 to 4ft. high, with flaccid leaves. Banks
of the Calunda stream ; Jan, 1857. Xo. 2715.
The spikelets in both numbers are blunter than usual in the
species.
22. P. seslerioides Eendle sp. nov.
Rhizome tough, rounded, whitish in colour, aerial stems slender,
erect, leafy to the middle, and ending in a short oblong crowded
spike; leaves nari-ow, suberect, subrigid, blade linear-tapering and
like the sheath plicate at the strong midrib ; ligule white, mem-
branous, truncate, oixter edge ciliate ; upper margins of the sheath
and upper face of the blade sparsely haii-y ; spikelets sessile,
ovate, generally acute, glabrous, purplish ; glume I. ovate, obtuse,
with a broad amplexicaul base, submembranous, 3-nerved, scarcely
half the length of gl. III. ; gls. II. and III. subequal, broadly
ovate, subrigid, with 7 rather prominent nerves, II. acute, III. sub-
acute and paleate, containing a (J flower ; fertile gl. small,
colourless, very broadly ovate and blunt, quite smooth, with 5
inconspicuous nerves, enclosing a $ flower.
Rhizome 1 to li lines in thickness, bearing whorls of roots at
its well-marked nodes. Plants 14 to 16 in. high, forming a small
tuft of shoots, one of which elongates to bear the spike. Leaf-
sheaths narrow, striate, closely appressed to the stem, 1 to 1-^ in.
long in the radical leaves, i^eaching 2^7 in. in the cauline; blades
from 1^ to 6 in. in length, U} to scarcely 1 line in gi-eatest width.
Spikes fr in. long by I In-oad ; spikelets If line long. Glume I.
f line long, gl. II. scarcely 1^ line, gl. III. I}, line, fertile gl.,
wdiich is quite concealed within gl. II., only 1 line.
Near P. indicum, but distinguished by its stiiking SesleriaAike
habit, with its tufts of erect rigid leaves, its long erect scape and
short oblong crow^ded inflorescence.
HuiLLA. — Xene heights, on the stream ; April 1860. Xo. 2636-
23. P. myosuroides R. Br. Prodr. p. 189 (1810) ; Steud., I.e.,
p. 56; Durand and Schinz, I.e.. p. 755.
HuiLLA. — Woody meadows between Lopollo and Catumba ; May
1860. No. 2700. Xo. 7502 (no information).
24. P. huillense Rendle sp. nov.
Plants annual, glabi'ous, 3 to 6 in. high ; radical leaves nari-ow
linear-plicate or with involute margins, sheaths rather broad, and
l'anicui)i\ x.vviii. (iramine-ii;. 175
lax, older ones purplish ; ligule membranous, truncate ; the
single cauline leaf has a narrow closely appressed sheath about
equal to the blade which reaches the base of the cylindrical spike ;
spikelets small, in a densely crowded panicle, ovate or ovate-
lanceolate, acute ; glume I. H of gl. III., broadly ovate, blunt with
sheathing membranous edges and 3 well-marked pui-ple veins ;
gl. II. longer than gl. III., oval with an abruptly acute apex
and 5 broad purjjle veins ; gl. III. very broadly oval, acute,
5-veined, enclosing a small barren pale ; fertile glume about },
gl. II., oval, smooth.
Leaves \}r to 2i^' in. long, blade not exceeding }r line broad,
tapering to a point ; inflorescence 10 to 15 lines long; spikelets
^ line long. Glume I. .V line long, gl. II. |^ line, gl. III. t line,,
fertile gl. less than I line.
Has somewhat the appearance of a small form of P. mi/osnroides^
but is distinguished by the large first glume of the spikelet and
the acute second and third glumes.
HriLi.A. — Poor damp pastures in the Humpata district ; April 18l]U>
No. 2699.
25. P. catumbense Eendle sp. nov.
Shoots slender, erect, annual (9 to 12 in.), rising from a
perennial woody rhizome from the lower side of which spring-
numerous wiry roots ; basal leaves short, membranous, sheathing :
upper ascending, sheaths nan^ow, terete, closely striate, sparsely
pilose, ligule very short, truncate, pilose, blade very narrowly
linear-lanceolate, acuminate; inflorescence short (1,V in.), dense,
interrupted, strict, linear or linear-oblong ; spikelets laterally
compressed, ovate-lanceolate to oval, glabrous, 2 lines long ; gl. I.
ovate, acute, 7-nerved, H length of spikelet; gls. TI. and III. equal,
strongly nerved, 2 lines long, the second cymbiform, acuminate,,
the third convex, ovate, acute, subtending a short narrow pale and a
^ flower ; fertile gl. ^ length of two lower ones, broadly ovate, acute.
The short woody nodulose rhizome 1 to 2 lines thick, bears a
few crowded yQung shoots and the charred bases of older ones.
Leaf-sheaths closely enveloping and generally exceeding the very
slender internodes, 2 to 4 in. long ; nodes glabrous. Leaf -blades
almost erect, 1^ to 2!", in. long, a little more or a little less than
1 line broad, sparsely pilose on the upper face, the midrib and
sometimes the lateral v( ins, protruding on the lower. Glume I.
convex, 1 1 line long, 2 outermost nerves short ; gl. II. when
flattened ovate from a broad truncate base, 9-nerved, barely 2 lines
long, gl. III. similar but slightly broader, pale, slender, thin,
lanceolate, 1 line long, anthers of flower ^ line long. Fertile gl.
subcoriaceous, inconspicuously .3-nerved, 1] line long, pale of equal
length, anthers of $ flower 1] line long (ovary still very small).
Approaches some large-flowered forms of P. indicicm, but easily
distinguished by its habit, interi'upted spike, and acute glumes.
HriLLA. — Pastures with short overgrowth near Catumba : end of
March 18(30. No. 2689.
176 XXVIII. GRAMiNE.«. [Pci/iicum
Sect. 4.— Effus.e (Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vii. p. 27).
26. P. arborescens L. Sp. PI. p. 59 (1753).
P. ovalifolium Poir. Encycl. 8uppl. iv. p. 279 (181G); Benth.,
I.e., p. 561 ; Steud., I.e., p. 84; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 758.
GoLUNGO Alto. — In very shady woods by the river Cuaugo, but
only rarely met with ; Dec. 18.')4. Xo. 2982. In rather damp woods,
Queta mountains, and also on the banks of the Delamboa river ; end
of Nov. 1855. Xo. 7223. At the public spring in Banza do Bongo
Aquitamba ; 7 Sept. 1H55. No. 7299. Xo. 2968 (no information).
27. P. atrosanguineum lIoeh.st. ex A. Eich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii.
p. 375 (1851) ; Steud., I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 741.
PuNGo Andongo. — Muta Lucala. Xo. 2722. An annual grass,
diflEusely csespitose, a span or a foot high, when alive a bright green,
spikelets generally purplish, seeds shiny-black. Cattle are fond of it.
Plentiful in rather damp muddy-sandy meadows at the river Luxillo,
between Pungo Andongo and Cambambe ; April 1857. Xo. 7418. An
annual species, of graceful habit and supplying excellent fodder for
cattle. In rather damp sandy places at the river Luxillo ; April 1857.
Coll. Carp. 1088.
28. P. hirsutulum Eendle sp. nov.
Annual, shoots hairy, sparsely csespitose, very slender, erect or
oblique, unbranched ; leaves linear, tapering at both ends, very
acute ; panicles lax, terminal and axillary ; spikelets solitary, long-
stalked, hairy, 1 line long, with divergent acute glumes ; barren
glumes broadly ovate, 5-nerved, gl. I. slightly less than gl. XL,
gl. III. blunter with an equal pale and a minute aborted male
Hower ; fertile gl. shorter, oval, white, smooth, and polished.
Shoots 10 to 20 in. high, covered from base to apex with soft
spreading whitish hairs. Internodes very slender, i to scarcely
I line in diameter, 1 ^ to 5 in. long. Sheaths short, about 1 in.,
closely investing the internode, striate, scabridulous ; ligule very
short pilo.se ; blades 2 to 4 in. long by 1 to 1 v. lines broad, some-
times smaller at the upper nodes, flat, scabridulous-hairy on both
surfaces, apex finely pointed. Panicles rather small, lax-flowered,
3 to 6 in. long, terminating the axis and springing from the
axils of the leaves, rhachis slender, branches scattered, spreading
or ascending, spikelets spreading, sometimes pendulous, greenish,
sometimes stained with purple. Glume I. ^ to 1 line long, acute,
with 5 prominent green nerves, the 2 outer shorter, bearing on
the back long stiftish white hairs; gl. II. 1 to 1} line, with
5 prominent green nerves and hairy on the back ; gl. III. 1 line'
long, mox^e membranous than the two preceding, with less con-
spicuous nerves and a few short hairs on the upper part ; pale
1 line long, including 3 minute aborted stamens at the base ;
fertile gl. 'l line.
Near P. atrosanguineum Hochst., but distinguished by its,
more acute glumes, its gracile habit with numerous latei-al
raincum] xxviii. guaminE/K. 177
panicles, and its pilose panicle and spikelets. The habit is some-
what that of P. humile Nees, but the shoots ai-e less spreading
and the spikelets larger and more distant.
PuNfio Andon(;o. — An annual gi'ass, a foot high, erect, branched,
with subpendulous hispidulous spikelets. Very rare by springs in
high rocky places of the praosidium near Quilombo ; end of April 1857.
No. 2824. Also seen near Quilanga but not fully grown. A slender
annual Pa)iivuin-\\k.e grass ; culms sparsely caespitose, rather flaccid,
very slender, erect or oblique ; spikelets greenish. In wooded placef^
by the banks of the river Lu.xillo between Pungo Andongo and
Cauibambe ; May 1857. Xo. 7421.
29. P. pansum Rendle sp. nov.
Annual, caespitose, shoots erect from an ascending base ; leaves
ascending, hairy, linear- tapering, acute from a markedly striate
sheath ; panicle very large, much-branched, branches long,
ascending, spikelets solitary or in distant pairs, oval or oblong-
oval, shortly acute, 1 line long ; lowest barren glume ovate, acute,
loosely embracing the base of the two higher and about f their
length, incompletely 3-nerved, gl.s. TI. and III. ovate, subequaJ,
and similar, 5- to 7-nerved, the latter with a short Imrren pale ;
fertile gl. slightly shorter, suboval, coriaceous, witli smooth
rounded back and a similar equal pale.
Strong-growing phxnts with a tufted growth, 3 ft. high ;
interned es in the stronger shoots 4 to 4i in. long, about 1^ line
in diameter; nodes dark, glabrous. Sheaths 1^ lines broad at the
base of the shoots, i to -]- less than the smootli internodes ; upper
portion and margins hairy, sometimes scabrid. Blade 3 to 8 in.
long by 21- to 3 lines greatest breadth, flat, lower face with
prominent scabrid-hairy veins, margin and upper face also
iaairy ; ligule short, breaking up into a ridge of short grey
hairs. Panicle rather lax, 1 to 1^ ft., branches solitary or in
pairs, branchlets slender, flexuose, sjaikelets often long-stalked, o^'
a shining gold colour. Barren glumes membranous, the lowest
shortly acute, ^ to 1 line long, separated from the iipper by a
short internode : gl. II. 1 to 1| line long, generally slightly longer
than gl. III. (1 line), both liroadly ovate, obtuse, or with margins
incurved at the ti}), forming a short point, pale of gl. III. about
half its length. Fertile gl. 4 line long, ovately-oval or almost
oval, indistinctly 5-nerved, yellow to a dirty br-own in colour.
The spikelet closely resembles that of P. atrosangui7ieum,
but the whole charactei' of the plant and its large much-branched
lax panicle at once distinguish it. The grain is also broader and
lighter in colour.
GoLUNGO Alto. — An annual grass, caespitose, ascending, panicle
1 to If ft., rather lax and vei-y much branched, .spikelets solitary,
shining-gold. By the road in sandy sunny places between Cambondo
and Luinha, plentiful but seen only in this place ; 10 June 1855.
No. 7261. Coi.L. Caiu>. lO'JO.
PuxGi) AxnoxGo. — In sandy woods between Candumba and
Lombe ; March 1857. No. 2832."
VOL. II. 12
178 XXVIII. GRAMiNEyE. [Paniai7)i
30. P. coloratum L. Mant. p. oO (1767).
Var. strictum Renclle var. nov.
Differs from the species in its stricter panicle and more rigid
spikelets, with a very blunt often truncate outermost barren glume.
Huii.LA. — Rather damp clayey wooded meadows near Catumba :
end of March 1860. No. 2688.
Vai-. cuanzense Rendle var. nov.
A laxer plant with a larger panicle and slightly smaller less
rigid spikelets than in the species. The structure of the spikelets
i-esembles that of the latter too closely to allow of its specific
separation. I have therefore adopted Welwitsch's ms. name,
reducing it to varietal rank.
LoAND.v ? — No. 7355 (no information).
PiTN(K) ANnoxGo.— Annual ; culms sparsely and laxly casspitose,
erect, panicle effuse, much branched. In rather damp sandy places at
the great cataract of the river Cuanza near Condo ; March 1857.
No. 2833. Com.. Carp. 1083.
31. P. subrepandum Rendle sp. nov.
Perennial, shoots slender, erect, unbranched, or rarely with a
short leafy branch at the base, leaves suberect, narrow-linear,
acute ; panicle effuse, lax-flowei-ed Avith rhomboidal or ovate
outline, spikelets ovate, 1^ to 11 line long; gl. I. reaching to
about H the length of the spikelet, broadly oval, blunt, 3-nerved,
gls. ii. and III. equal, 5-nerved, the former with a broadly-
rounded back, and suborbiculav when flattened, the latter foi-ming
a hood with broad translucent margins and sheltering a pale and
a (^ flower ; fertile gl. whitish, subcoriaceous, convex, covered
with large warts, as is also the back of the pale.
>Shoots 18 to 22 in. long, glabrous, crowded on a thin knotted
rliizome with slender wiry roots. Internodes 1 to 3 in. long,
slendei', terete, striate ; nodes smooth, glabrous. Sheaths narro-vv,
striate with minutely ciliate margins, completely enveloping the
lower intei-nodes, about ?. the length of the one below the
inflorescence ; ligule short, truncate, brown, membranous, shortly
fimbriate ; blade 21 to 4 in. long, by 1} line or less in width,
midrib conspicuous below. Panicle 3?^ to 4 in. long on a
stalk 8 to 12 in. ; branches alternate, spreading at an angle of
about 45° and bearing filiform subspreading branchlets, which
again branch and bear the subdistant long and shortly-stalked
spikelets. Glume I. barely 1 line long, broadly oval to sub-
orbicular, edges broad, translucent; gl. II. 1^ line long, witli
lounded incurving edges, giving a broadly oval outline and a
bluntly apiculate apex; gh III. broade)', pale oval when in
position with broad edges sharply infolded at the strong con-
verging nerves. Fertile gl. enveloped oy the second barren
glume, i to ^ line long, suborbiculai- when flattened, 5-nerved ;
2)ale oval in outline except foi- the broadly overlapping .sides.
Near P. imtalense llochst., which is distinguished by its long
ligid convolute leaves, more strongly nerved glumes, and the
ab.sence of the large warts on the fei-tile glume and pale.
P(micum\ xxvht. gkamixe.e. 179
HuJLi.A. — In bush-grown wooded places ;it Monino ; April 1860.
Xo. 2686.
32. P. gracilicaule Kendle sp. nov.
Annual, ca^spitose, glabrescent, shoots slender, branching, ascend-
ing to erect, sometimes geniculately decumbent below ; leaves
short, linear-tapering, acute, spreading to suberect ; panicle as
in last species but smaller ; spikelets glabrous, oval to ovate,
1 line long ; glume I. reaching about r length of spikelet, broadly
ovate, blunt, incompletely 3-nerved ; gl. IT. slightly longer than
gl. III., broadly f)vate, blunt, 5-nerved, very convex ; gl. III.
somewhat similai- but In-oader than gl. II. with broad translucent
margins, sheltering an ovate pale with a (^ flower; fertile gl.
small, thinly coriaceous, su1)orl)icular with a blunt apex, bearing
on the outside numei'ous white warts ; pale subequal similarly
warted.
A graceful plant ; shoots subglabrous, 9 to l(j in. long, crowded
at the base. Internodes very slender, terete, 1 1 to '2\ in. long ;
nodes glabi-ous. Sheaths narrow, sul)compi-essed, striate with
minutely ciliate edges, about half the length of the internodes ;
ligule forming a row of stift' erect white hairs ^ line long;
blade I^t to 2~ in. long by nearly 2 lines broad, thin, veining in-
conspicuous, surface glabrous oi' minutely and sparsely hairy.
Inflorescence resembling that of the last species but the panicle
only from 2^ to 3 in. long ; spikelets glabrous. Glume I. | Hne
long, edges broad and translucent ; gl. II. 1 line ; gl. III.
scarcely 1 line, thinly membranous, suborbicular when flattened,
pale 4 line, anthers light brown, y line long. Fertile gl. i to H
line, 5-nerved, pale subequal, broadly oval, enfolding a 5 flower.
Near P. subrepaiulum, but a smaller moi-e delicate plant, with
smaller spikelets, which ai-e also distinguished by the ovate lowest
glume and the very small fertile flower.
Puxcio AxDoNco.— Nos. 2857, 2862'- (no information).
HuiLLA. — Wooded meadows near Humpata, found in many places
but almost destroyed by the fires of the Monanensian war : April
1860. No. 2687.
Also collected in Gambia by Mungo Park.
33. P. Beccabunga Eendle sp. nov.
A small glabrous herb with stems creeping and rooting at the
nodes, ultimately decumbent ; internodes short, leaf-sheaths !l
to }t their length, ligule i-educed to a very narrow membranous
ridge, blades short, narrowly ovate to lanceolate, with a rounded
amplexicaul base and acute apex ; panicle very small, ovate to
oval, branches few, ascending-rigidulous, pedicels short, spikelets
ellipsoid ; barren glumes submemln-anous, blunt, the outermost
subovately oval, 3-nerved, blunt, j' the length of the spikelet,
gl. II. oval, 5-nerved, slightly exceeding gl. III., which is oblong-
oval, with membranous incurving edges, and subtends a narrower
oblong pale ; fertile gl. coriaceous, broadly oval, polished, whitish.
Shoots a foot, or generally more, in length, internodes terete,
al:)out ^ in. long, becoming a little shorter above, less than I line in
180 XXVIII. ouAMiXEyE. [Panicum
diametei-, the lower clothed for about I the length with the leaf-
sheath or its remains ; leaf-blades flat, G to 7 lines long by a
little over 2 lines broad, more or less spreading. Panicle i to
2" in. long, spikelets barely 1 line. Glume I. 'i line, gl. II. i line,
gl. III. |- line Avith a pale about ^ its length, fertile gl. 'i line.
Is near the tropical South American P. parvifolium Lam., but
distinguished by its ovate leaves and smaller dense panicle. It
recalls P. pusillum Hook. f. (Cameroons) in habit, but is a largei-,
stronger plant. P. jmsillum, moreover, has acute sparsely hairy
spikelets.
Huii.i.A. — By cold streams in the heights of Morro de Monino, but
only growing sparsely ; May 1860. No. 2694.
34. P. strictissimum Afzel. ex Swartz Adnot. Bot. p. 4 (1829).
PuNGo AxDOXGo. — In marshes between Mangue and Mutollo :
March 1857. No. 7427. No. 2870 (no information).
35. P. Frederici Pvendle sp. nov.
Ca-spitose, apparently perennial ; stems branching at the base
only, erect, or geniculate at the lower nodes, slender, terete,^
glabrous ; leaves subrigid, erect or ascending, nai-row-linear,
tapering gradually to an acute tip, glabrous except for a few
scattered white haii\s at the l>ase of the blade, sometimes with
involute margins and subulate-filiform ; ligule short, truncate,
membranous ; sheath appressed, generally shorter than the
internode ; panicle effuse, ovate or ovate-elliptical, branches
capillary, flexuose ; spikelets long-stalked, small, roundish, the
two barren outer glumes subequal, bearing soft white hairs,
bluntly ovate, the lower 3-nerved, the upper 5-nerved ; gl. III.
large, slightly exceeding gls. I. and II., blunt, orbicular, sub-
coriaceous, 5-nerved, enclosing a large, su])equal pale and a male
flower, gl. IV. I the length of gl. II., broadly ovate or suborbiculai-,
enerved.
An elegant plant 1 to 4 ft, high (some very slender starved
specimens only 6 to 9 in.). Veins of leaf prominent on the back,
sheaths striate with well-marked midrib, sometimes almost
keeled ; blade generally 3 to 6 in. long, by 1 line or less in
width, sometimes longer in the subulate-filiform leaves. Panicle
overtopping the leaves, 3 to 6 in. long, primary branches generally
spreading at about 45° ; spikelets ^ to 4 line long, greenish ;
gl. IV. enclosing a similar but slightly smaller pale and ^ flower.
Near I\ gracillimum K. Schum. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxiv. 331
(e descript.) but distinguished by its blunter glumes, proportion-
ately longer gl. III., membranous glabrous ligule, etc.
PuxGo Andoxcki. — A very graceful grass 3 to 4 ft. high, with the
habit of PanicKiii tenellum. In damp meadows between Condo and
Quisonde ; March 1857. No. 7410. An elegant grass 1 ft. high. In
thicket-grown rather spongy pastures between Pungo Andongo and
Cambambe ; May 18.')7. No. 7422. A graceful grass (perennial ?)
with the habit of a Panicinn, csespitose with bright tireen spikelets.
In the dried up lake of Quibinda : March 1857. No. 7432. Nos. 2850
(small starved specimens), 2872, 2874 (no information).
Paniciim] xxviii. gramixe.e. 181
HuiLLA. — In damp pastures growing with Ertomulon ; Dec. ISf/J
No. 2671.
Var. minor Rentlle var, nov.
Small erect graceful plants 10 to 12 in. high, with l)lui.sh
.spikelets ^ to f- line long.
36. P. maximum Jacq. Icon. PI. Ear. i. t. 13 (1781); Benth., I.e.,
p. 560; Steud., I.e., p. 72 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 753.
Barra do Bf.xco. — An erect perennial (?) sparingly cjespitose and
narrowly leaved ; culms 2^ to 3 ft., more or less straight, with long
hairs at the nodes ; sheaths always hairy ; spikelets dull purple.
Rather rare in dampish sandy mud near Cacuaco ; Jan. 1854. No, 7286.
LoANDA.— 1853-4. Nos. 7362, 7362&.
GoLUNGo Alto. — Grows sparsely by edges of woods in places thinly
covered with grass near Calolo ; Sept. 1H54. Xo. 2990. A perennial (V)
grass, erect, 4 to 8 ft. high ; the stem, from the base almost to the
middle, bearing stinging hairs. In rather damp places by the river
Quiapoze in the Bumba district ; May 1855. No. 7187- Nos. 7239,
7240 (no information). A tall species of Paithnua liked by cattle,
with red and green spikelets. Molembas : middle of June 1855.
Coll. Carp. 1087.
PuNGO Andongo ? — No. 2863 (no information).
Welwitsch, in a letter dated Oct. 1869, states that this is one of the
grasses known as Capim d'Angola.
37. P. repens L. Sp. PI. ed. ii. p. 87 (1762) ; Durand & Schinz,
I.e., p. 760.
P. ischaemoides Retz. Obs. iv. p. 17 (1786). P. proliferwni
Lam. Encycl. iv. p. 747 (1795-6). P. areaarium Brot. Fl. Lusit.
i. p. 82 (1804) ; Benth., I.e. ; Steud., I.e., p. 73.
HuiLLA. — On nearly dried up banks of rivers, Lopollo ; May 1800.
No. 2674.
38. P. trypheron Schult. Mant. ii. p. 244 (1824).
PuNGO Andongo. — In sandy wooded meadows at the banks of the
river Cuanza, near Lombe ; March 1857. No. 2815. Nos. 2842, 2868
(no information).
Var. giganteum Rendle var. nov.
A tall erect plant, 4 to 5 ft. high, with long tapering glabrous
or hirsute leaves more than 2 ft. long (excluding the sheath)
and reaching ^ in. in width. Panicle 1 to nearly 2 ft. long,
contracted or spreading. Spikelets as in the type, but a male
flower is present in the pale of the third glume.
A fine plant with the habit of P. virgatum L. but the spikelets
a,re smaller, and except for the presence of a (? flower in gl. III.,
indistinguishable from those of the Indian specimens of the type.
GoLUNGo Alto. — In rather damp low-lying thickets near Camilungo ;
]\Iay 1856. No. 7213.
PuNGo AxDoNcio.— A grass 4 to 5 ft., erect, with broad leaves and
narrow crowded panicle. In dense primaeval woods between Calundo
and Pedras de Guinga ; March 1857. No. 7434. Gravelly places near
Ponte do Luiz Simoes ; May 1855. No. 7254.
39. P. graciliflorum Rendle sp. nov.
Perennial (?) erect, shoots long and branching, spreading from
182 XXVIII. GRAMiNE/E. [Paiiicum
a crowded base, geniculate at the lower nodes ; leaves linear with
a long tapering finely-pointed apex ; panicle large, diffuse, much-
branched, branches slender to capillary, spikelets purple, distant,
long-stalked, with divergent acute glumes ; glume I. ovate, midrib
strong, subcarinate and produced into a short stifi" awn ; gl. II.
ovate, acuminate, slightly exceeding the other two; gl. III. broadly
ovate, blunt, with a pale and a male flower ; fertile gl. shorter
than the barren, oval-oblong in outline in its natural position,
coriaceous, whitish, polished.
The long glabrous spreading shoots (to 2^ ft.) are crowded at
the base apparently on a rhizome (broken off short in the specimen) ;
short stiff roots spring from their bases. Internodes long, slender,
rounded, smooth ; nodes glabrous ; sheaths i to r! length of
internodes, striate, appressed, with a minutely ciliate margin ; in
the lower part of the shoots loose and membranous after withering
of blade ; ligule short, membranous, fimbriate ; blades 6 to 10 in.
long by 2 lines or less in breadth, rather stiff, midrib very pro-
minent on the lower face, margins becoming revolute. Panicle
ovate, 8 in. long, bi-anches widely spreading, pedicels 2 to 4 times
the length of tbe spikelet. Glume I. 11 to 1} line long, incom-
pletely 5-nerved, midrib scabridulous on the back like the awn,
lateral nerves weak, successively shorter ; gl. II. convex, 11- to 1.1
line, shortly acuminate, with 3 strong nerves converging at the
apex and a pair of weak incomplete outer nerves ; gl. III. convex,
1 to 1'^ line, broader than the second, 5-nerved, 2 outer nerves
weak and ending below the apex ; pale strongly ribbed, broadly
ovate, with broad infolded margins, 1 line long, anthers dark-
coloured. Fertile gl. ^ line long, very broadly oval when the
strongly incurved edges are opened out, inconspicuously 5-nerved;
pale subequal.
GoLUNGo Ai.Tt). — A monocarpic grass, spikelets obscurely violet,
distant. Rather rare in sunny sandy places between Cambondo and
Trombete ; 20 June 1855. No. 2959.
Is near P. tri/pheron Schult., but distinguished by its delicate
diffuse panicle, with smaller spikelets. From the description
given by 8teudel is apparently allied to his P. anabaptistum
{I.e., p. 75), collected by Leprieur in Senegal.
Evidently a widely diffused species in tropical Africa, as the
following specimens are referable to it. Hildebrandt No. 118G
and No. 1087, Zanzibar; Hoist No. 3120, Usambara; and
one from Christian Smith, Congo.
40. P. madagascariense Spreng. Syst. i. p. 317 (1825); Steud.,
I.e., p. 85 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 753.
P. airoides Fliigge ex Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. ed. i. ii., p. 175
(1829).
MosSAMEDKS. — A grass, apparently sometimes annual, sometimes
perennial, with leaves and stems glaucous in the living state. Common
on the sandy banks of the river Bero in the coast region ; July and
J'(micU7u] XXVTII. ORAMINE^. 1S3
Aug. 1859. No. 2596. On the sandy banks of the river Bcro, now
almost entirely dried up : July 1859. No. 2614. An annual grass,
scarcely a span high, erect, branched from the base ; culms smooth,
long-sheathed, branchlets generally secund, spikes contracted ovate-
lanceolate, greenish red. Rather rare in submaritime sandy places at
Saco do Giraiil ; in fl. 19 July 1859. No. 2616. A widely-spreading
pleasing grass, glaucous, a span high, with lax spreading panicles.
Banks of river Bero ; Aug. ]8.')9. Coll. Carp. 1114.
LcAXDA.— 1853-4. No. 7378.
The specimens from Loanda resemble those from Madagascar,
having rather tall elongated shoots, with a large dift'use panicle.
Those from Mossamedes are, as we might expect from their
psammophilous habit, low-growing, with a number of shorter
decumbent shoots spreading from the rooting nodes of the
rhizome ; the panicle is also much smaller and very dense.
Var. brevispiculum Rendle var. nov.
Distinguished by its smaller and more delicate inflorescence,
smaller spikelets, and invariably truncate barren glumes.
Loanda. — In sandy places among mandioc plantations and also
ubiquitous in uncultivated places. Museque do Luiz Gomes ; April
1S54. No. 7290 Hal)it of Aim and Agrustix. Common in gravelly
places on Cazanga Island and almost always in flower ; April and May
1854. No. 7297. A grass with the habit of Agrostis, apparently bi-
to tri-ennial, root fibrous, multicaulescent, culms 1 to 2 ft., radiately
decumbent-ascending, very tough. Colour of flowers, violet. Yery
common in gravelly places, in fields and between rows of mandioc
in the south plain beyond Loanda: in fl. 10 Jan. 1S58. No. 7297/'.
In gravelly soil, mandioc plantations near Museque do Luiz Gomes ;
March 1854. No. 7457- Hha de Cazanga: Mo April 1854. Coi.l.
Carp. 1097 (Masango mendo). 185:5-4. Nos. 7379, 7380, 7381, 7383.
No. 2907 (no informatiou).
41. P. trichoides Sw. Prodr. p. 24 (1788).
GoLUXGO Alto ? — No. 2962 (no information).
Agrees with the type of the species which is Sloan. Jam., p. 115
t. 72 f. 3 ; the plant figured by Sloane occurs in his herbarium, at
the British Museum.
Sect 5.— GiBBOs.E (Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vii. p. 28).
42. P. patens L. Sp. PI. p. 58 (1753).
P. radicans Retz. Obs. iv. p. 18 (1786). F. setigeruiii Beauv.
Fl. Owar. i. p. 82, t. 49 (1806-7).
GoLVXGo Alto. — An elegant very graceful grass with caispitose
growth. In the shade of primitive woods, Monte de Queta. Mata de
Mangues ; May 185G. No. 7210. In shady woods on mountains of
Alto Queta ; end of May 1855. No. 7263. Cjespitose graceful panicles
with subverticillate nodding Ijranches. Shady places on Alto Queta :
June 1855. Coll. Carp. 108G.
DifPers from the Asiatic form only in its long-haired spikelets.
184 XXVIII. GRAMiNE^E. [Pauicuiti
Sect. G. — PsEUDECHiNOL.i^.NA (Hook. f., I.e., p. 58).
43. p. uncinatum Eaddi Agrost. Bras. p. 41 (1823); Steud.,
I.e., p. 50.
GOLUNGO Alto. — Woody grassy places, Cungulungulo ; April 185(i.
No. 7202.
PuNGO Andongo. — No. 2878 (no notes).
The following may belong to this genus : —
GoLUNGO Alto. — A grass almost with the habit of a Cmniadiini
when alive, growing io dense clusters oa the herbage-covered banks
of the river Canaballa, but unhappily never yet found in flower. In
marshy meadows on the right of the river Canaballa, Sobato de
Bumba ; Oct. 1855. No. 7192.
23. AXONOPUS Beauv. Agrost. p. 12 (1812).
Panicum L., Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1101, pro pai'te.
1. A. semialatus Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vii. p. 64 (189G).
Panicum semialatum E. Br. Prod. p. 192 (1810). Vax-. Echloni-
unum Hack, apud Diirand & Scliinz, C'onsp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 764.
Pdujffta Echloniana Nees in Lindl. Nat. Sy.'^t. ed. ii. p. 447 (1836).
HuiLLA. — In damp elevated thicket-grown pastures on the plain
called Empalanca ; May 1860. No. 2668.
24. OPLISMENUS Beauv. ; Benth. cV- Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.
p. 1104.
1. 0. undulatifolius Beauv. Agrost. p. 54 (1812).
GoLUN(;o Alto. — Very plentiful in shady woods on the rivers
Quiapose, Cuango, etc., very densely cpespitose, flowering somewhat
rarely. At the cataract of Isidro near Canguerasange ; in fl. Oct.
1854. No. 7186. In grassy wooded places Cungulungulo : April 185i).
No. 7199. In rather damp herbage in woods of Cungulungulo : April
1856. No. 7200.
PuNGO Andoxgo. — A creeping grass, growing in shady places.
Shady woods between the prjesidium and Luxillo : April and May
1857. No. 7391.
2. 0. compositus Beauv., I.e. ; Durand ifc Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr.
V. p. 771.
0. elatior, hirtelhis, loliaceus [errore foUaceus) Beauv., I.e.
OrtJiopogon eovnpositus R. Br. Prod. p. 194 (1810). Panicitiu
compositum L. 8p. PI. 57 (1753); Hteud. Syn. PI. Gram. p. 44.
P. hirtellum L. Amoen. Acad. v. p. 391 (1760): P. elatius Linn,
f. Suppl. p. 107 (1781).
Prince's Island. — In shady woods on the Pico de Papagaio at
about 1000 ft. altitude ; Sept. 1853. No. 2926.
Island of St. Thomas.— Monte Cafle^ ; Dec. 18G0. No. 2886.
Has the spikelets crowded and secund, and is the form gene-
rally known as 0. loliaeeus Beauv.
3. 0. africanus Beauv. Fl. Owar. ii. p. 15, t. 68, f. 1 (1810);
Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 771.
■Oplismenus\ xxviii. gramine.e. 185
0. Burmannii, Beauv. Agrost., I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e. <).
broraoides Beauv., I.e. 0. multisetus A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyt^s. ii.
p. 377 (1851). Panicum Burmanni Retz. Obs. iii. p. 10 (17.S.3).
P. bromoides Lam. 111. p. 170 (1791), Encycl. iv. 732 (1795-G).
GoLUNGO Alto. — In grassy wooded places at Cungulungulo ; April
185C). Xo. 7203. A caespitose grass, with procumbent rooting stem ;
culms flaccid, somewhat nodding when mature ; leaves more or less
undulate. In rather damp palm country, near the base of Monte
Queta, to the left of the river Cuango ; not plentiful ; July 1855.
Xo. 7252. In maize-fields near Sange (Arimo do Mariano) ; end of
August 1855. Xo. 3003.
HriLLA. — Culms very laxly caespitose, decumbent. In shady
wooded places on the river Monino, but not at all plentiful ; April 1860.
Xo. 2696.
25. SETARIA Beauv. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1105.
1. S. glauca Beauv. Agrost. p. 51 (1812); Durand & Schinz,
Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 773.
Panieum glaitcavi var. y. L. Sp. PI. p. 56 (1753). P. glaueum L.
Syst. Nat. ed. x. p. 870 (1759) ; Stend, Syn. PI. Gram. p. 50 (1854).
GoLUNGo Alto. — Panicoid, very like the European species of
Settiria, crespitose, annual, very quickly disappearing. In places which
have been cultivated and abandoned, and in sunny sandy-clayey places
near Sange ; Jan. 1855. Xo. 2980. Caespitose in sunny sparsely
grassy places near Canaulo (Caminho dAmbaca) ; April 1855. Xo.
7204. Xot plentiful in sunny, sparsely grassy places and in abandoned
fields round Canaulo and Camilungo ; very quickly disappears ;
Jan. 1855. Xo. 7233.
Pux(io ANDO\(io.— Luxillo ; end of April 1857. Xo. 2736. Plenti-
ful in sandy places with short grass, near Ponte de Luxillo ; Jan. 1857.
Xo. 2738. In wooded meadows in the prsesidium ; Feb. and March
1857. Xo. 2788.
HuiLLA. — Plentiful in pastures grown with short thicket in the
Lopollo district ; Feb. 1860. Xo. 2683. Edges of maize fields near
Xene ; April 1860. Xo. 2684.
2. S. verticillata Beauv., I.e. ; Durand it Schinz, I.e., p. 774.
Panieum verticillatum Ii. Sp. PI. ed ii. p. 82 (1762); Steud., ^.c,
p. 52.
GoLrN(io Alio. — Among reeds and in places once cultivated, now
covered with tall grasses, but not plentiful, near Arimo do Isidro ;
Feb. 1855. Xo. 2979- An annual grass, ascending or erect, a great
imisance to farmers. In places no longer cultivated between Sange
and Ambaca : very plentiful in certain spots : May 1856. Xo. 7212.
An annual gi-ass, widely creeping, almost climbing, sticking closely to
surrounding objects by means of the reversed barbs on the set;e of
the spikelets. In places no longer cultivated among mandioc planta-
tions, etc., around Sange and Bango : July 1855. Xo. 7266. Xo. 7231
(no information).
MossAMEDES. — In sandy thickets near the river Bero, or Rio dos
mortes ; Aug. 1859. Xo. 2293. In sandy thickets on the river Bero,
Mata dos Carpinteiros ; Aug. 1869. Xo. 2293/a
3. S. "Welwitschii Rendle .sp. nov.
Erect apparently widely branching strong-growing culm.s
186 XXVIII. GRAMiNE.E. [S'etaria
Avith nniTOw linear-lanceolate or linear-tapering flattened
scabriclulous sometimes hairy leaves ; panicle spiciform and
narrowly cylindrical or subpyramidal to lanceolate in outline,
spikelets 1 line long, ovately oval, subplano-convex, glabrous,
densely crowded on the short branches which end in a rather
long and strong flexuose seta, one or a few shorter weaker seta?
spring from below each spikelet; barbs on the setse ascending;
barren glumes membranous, colourless between the well-marked
green veins ; gl. I. scarcely half the length of the spikelet, sub-
orbicular with an abruptly shortly apiculate apex, 3 -nerved ;
gl. II. broadly oval, with a broadly ■ rounded back, 5-nerved ;
gl. III. similar bvit a shade longer, blunt and flatter, subtending
an equal flat pale and a (^ flower ; fertile gl. oval, shorter than
the second and third barren glumes, coriaceous, convex, minutely
transversely rugulose.
The plants, according to a note of Welwitsch, reach 4 to 6 ft. in
lieight. The lai-ger specimens have a short culm, with subcom-
pressed internodes 1 to 2 in. long, and 1^ to 2 lines wide ; from
the nodes spring densely branching lateral shoots. Internodes
stramineous, striate, glabrous like the nodes. Sheaths, except
the few uppermost, exceeding the internodes, rather loose, sub-
membranous, the upper narrow and closely embracing the inter-
nodes, glabrous or tuberculo-pilose especially near the mouth ;
ligule a fringe of hairs ^ line long ; blade tapering to a long fine
point, 2 to 12 in. long by 1~ to 3, or rarely nearly 4 lines broad.
Panicle from less than 1 in. to Sj- in. long, and 2 lines to 1 in.
across, rhachis and branches shortly hairy ; in the lower part of
the larger inflorescences the short branches reach I to fr in.
Glume I. from a little over I to ^ line long, closely embracing the
base of the .spikelet ; gl. II. ^ line long, 5-nerved becoming
7-nerved below the very bluntly apiculate apex ; gl. III. i line
long. Fertile gl. 'i line, inconspicuously 3-nerved, 5-nerved above ;
pale subequal of similar consistence.
Near >S'. verticillata Beauv., but distinguished by its large
second barren glume, completely covering the smaller fertile
glume ; also by the ascending not reversed barbs of the setaj.
Ambriz.— Nov. 1853. Nos. 2891, 2895.
LoANDA. — A widely CEespitose panicoid grass, with graceful spikes
1^ in. long. In grassy places between Penedo and Conceiyao ; Jan.
1859. No. 2914. Journey to Quicuxe;Apnll854. Xo. 7307- 1853-4.
No. 7370. No. 2913 (no informationj.
MossAMF.uEs. — A grass 4 to 6 ft., with a branched erect culm. On
the marshy sandy banks of the river Maiombo, near Pedra do Rei ;
Oct. 1859. No. 7508.
4. S. paniciformis Pvendle sp. nov.
Apparently perennial, from a tough slender rhizome ; shoots
tufted, subspreading, slender, simple or branched ; leaves long,
laarrow, acute, tapering gradually to both ends, flat, subplicate at
the base; panicle dense, narrow lanceolate in outline, spikelet.-
subsessile on the short ascending branches, or very short branch-
Setaria] xxviii. gramine.t^. 187
lets, ovately-oval, subpungent, oblique, scarcel}- 1 line long ;
glume I. shoi't, subgibbous, 3-norved, a little more than .'. the
length of the spikelet ; gls, II, and III. broadly ovate, 5-nerved,
shortly acute, the latter larger and subtending an equal pale with
a ; No. 2858 (no information).
Peince's Isla.mi. — A csespitose grass, polymorphous according to
the stage of development and condition of soil. In gravelly places
near the stream, growing with ferns not far from the sea. Evidently
an emaciated form of the same species as the Pungo Andongo plants.
A very similar plant was collected by Don in St. Thomas' Island.
5. S. mauritiana Spreng. Syst. i. p. 305 (1825).
Panicimi pahiafolmm Koen. in Naturforsch. xxiii. p. 208 (1788).
P. plicatum Lam. 111. p. 171 (1791); Benth. in Hook. Niger
Fl. p. 561 (1849) ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 759. P. mauritiammi
Willd. ex Spreng., I.e.
Prince's Islani>. — A very fine grass, csespitose, with stems
frequently 5, or even 6 ft., generally 4 ft. high. Common in dense
primitive woods near streams at the foot of Pico de Papagaio ; Sept.
1853. No. 2933.
G(jLUNG(j ALT(^— A gigantic grass, G to 9 ft., very beautiful ou
account of its very broad longitudinally plicate leaves, worthy to be
classed among the ornamental plants of tropical Africa, extremely
varied in breadth and hairiness of leaf. Plentiful in shady rather
damp places, especially near streams, in the whole district of Golungo.
188 xxviii, GRAMiNEiE. [Setariii
A.t the stream Capopa ; Dec. 1854. Xo. 7257- A narrow-leaved form,
with sparsely hairy culm, and very acuminate leaf-apex. Plentiful at
the banks of the river Cuango, near Sange; end of Sept. 1854. No. 7258.
•Cungulungulo, Montalegra ; Feb. 1855. No. 7176. Nos. 3001, 7228^
(no information)
Var. angustifolia Rendle var. nov.
Leaves 6 to 12 in. long by 2 to 4 lines broad, tapering gradually
towards both ends, apex drawn out to a long fine point ; panicle
narrow, dense, 4 to 9 in. long, j^ to 1 in. broad.
HuiLLA. — Rather rare in woody thickets at Caminho de Quipungo :
April 18G0. No. 2628. Common in wooded places near streams near
Catumba in the LopoUo district ; April I860. No. 7497.
6. S. rhachitricha.
Panicum rhackitridmm Hochst. in Flora xxvii. p. 254 (1844) ;
Steud., I.e., p. 63 ; Durand it Schinz, I.e., p. 761.
GoLUNGo Alto. — Rather damp shady places at base of the Alto
■Queta mountains, but rare : Aug. 1855. No. 7172. In rather damp
places, Alto Queta : beginning of Aug. 1855. No. 7191. Somewhat
rare in wooded dampish places, Mata virgem de Quibanga (Mus-
sengue) ; Mar. 185G. No. 7207-
PuNGo Axi»()N(;i). — Damp meadows between Bumba and N-billa at
the right bank of the river Cuanza ; March 1857. No. 7435.
26. CENCHRUS L. ; Benth.&IIook. f. Gen. PI. iii. ix 1105.
1. C. catharticus Delil. Cat. Hort. Monspel. 1838 in Linnsea xiii.
Litt.-ber. p. 103 (1839); Steud. Syu. PI. Gram., p. Ill (1854);
Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v., p. 775.
Ambkiz.— Nov 1853. No. 2900.
LoANPA. — An annual sparsely caespitose grass, with oblique or erect
culms. Common in dry sandy plains near Penedo ; Jan. 1859. No. 2915-
An annual sparsely ca3spitose grass, with flowering culms erect or
ascending, rather rigid. Grows among poor herbage on the way
from Alto das Cruzes to Penedo and Boa Vista ; Jan. 1854. No. 7306.
No. 7347 (no information).
Pux(i() AxDiiXGo. — In overgrown grassy places near Sansamanda :
Feb. 1857. No. 2791.
27. PENNISETUM L. Ptich. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.
p. 1105.
Sect. 1. — Gymnothrix.
1. P. alopecuroides Spreng. Syst. i. p. 303 (1825) pro parte;
Steud. in Flora xii. 1. p. 472 (1829), Syn. PI, Gram. p. 103 (1854).
P. adoense Steud., I.e., p. 104 ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl.
Afr. V. p. 777.
HuiLLA. — In rich pastures with short overgrowth between Lopoll<«
and Monino ; Jan. 1860. No. 2685.
2. P. parviflorum Trin. Gram. Pan. p. 64 (1826), Gram. Icon.
et Descr. iii. t. 288 (1836); Steud., I.e., p. 103; Durand & Schinz,
I.e., p. 782.
GOLUXGO Alt(J y— Nos. 2971, 2976, 7267c (no information).
renniseium'\ xxviit. (jkamixkh. 18^
3. P. angolense Eendle sp. nov.
Very tall, with unbranched erect culms and long tapering more
or less eiect involute leaves ; spikes long, cylindrical, whitish ;
spikelets curved, lanceolate, membranous, densely packed, the
spreading setse of the involucre becoming reversed; glume J. minute,,
orbicular-ovate ; gl. II. half the length of the spikelet, ovate,
3-nei'ved, the prominent midrib produced into a short awn; gl. III.
ovate-lanceolate, 5-nerved, subtending a subequal flat pale with a
c^ flower ; fertile gl. slightly longer, ovate, acute, 5-nerved, with
membranous incurved edges and a similar slightly narrower pale.
A tall reedy grass, the shoots reaching 5 to 12 ft. high. Intei'-
nodes smooth, terete ; nodes glabrous ; sheaths loose, membranous,,
striate, exceeding the long internodes, hairy at the mouth ; ligule
a line of stift' dense whitish hairs aliout 1 line long ; lamina 10 to
22 in., linear-tapering, with the margins rolled inwards, and
a long aristiform apex; spikes 1], to 11 ^ in. on the specimens;
according to Welwitsch's note often exceeding a foot ; setae of
involucre rather stiff, ^ to \ in. long, with ascending barbs.
Spikelets 2 or scarcely 2 lines long ; glume I. enerved, hyaline,
-] to scarcely i line ; gl. II. thinly membi\anous, with a prominent
midrib and 2 inconspicuous lateral veins running 1 to -^ the
length from the base, ^ to 1 line including the awn ; gl. III. Ir!
line, sometimes with a sixth nerve passing r! the way up from the
base. Fertile gl. membrano-coriaceous, 1^ line, including a $ flower.
Near P. liordeiforme Spreng., which it closely resembles in
habit, but is distinguished by the smaller moi-e membranous
spikelets with the awned not rounded second barren glume. The
involucral hairs ai'e less stiff, and their ultimate spreading or
reversed position gives the spike a different appearance.
Puxao AxDoxGO. — A grass .5 to 8 or 10 ft. high, laxly caespitose,
with erect culms : spikes whitish, growing in large patches in marshy
clayey places between Condo and Bumba ; March 1857. No. 2723.
A very tall grass, 8 to 12 ft., but always with unbranched straight
culms ; spikes always over a foot, white, erect. Near Sobato Bumba,
thickly massed over wide ai'eas in marshy places ; la March 1857.
No. 7426.
Var. laxespicata Rendle var. nov.
Differs from the type in its less crowded spike and smaller
spikelets scarcely exceeding 1^ lines long.
Huii.L.v. — Verv plentiful in wooded places round deep marshes,
near Ohay ; middle of May 1860. No. 7507.
Sect, 2. — El'pennisetum.
4. P. purpureumSchum.in Dansk.Vidensk.Selsk.iii. p.64 (1828).
P. Bentlimai Steud., I.e., p. 105; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 777.
P. macrostachjjum Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 503 (1849).
LoANUA. — A gigantic and very beautiful grass, growing about deep
marshes, rising to 4-5 to 5 metres high. Marshes near Represa dc
Sr. Perreira Van Huneu ; thickly caBspitose ; July 1854. No. 7325.
190 XXVIII. GRAMiNEyE. [Fennisetum
Cultivated at Wehvitsch's country house ; in fi. Aug. 1854. No. 7298/'.
Native name ]Massango.
IfoLo E Bexgo. — Common on the king's highway from Prata to
Quicanga, etc., often covering very wide areas in thick clumps, some-
times 2 to 3, sometimes H to 9 ft. high : Sept. 1864. No. 7267.
G()LrNG(i ALPO.^Native name Marianga. A perennial grass, with
stems becoming woody below, 8, 12 to If) and even •20 ft. high : leaves
glaucous ; flowers pale yellowish or yellowish to reddish. Too plentiful
everywhere in the primaeval wooded region. Sange : in fl. July 1857.
No. 2767- No. 2884: (no notes). A gigantic grass, suffruticose,
branches erect often viviparous from the culm, culm 8 to 18 ft., spike
narrow, a foot long. Very plentiful and densely ca?spitose in secondary
thickets called Oipinar>i ; fl. and fr. July 1856. No. 7215. Rhachis
continuous, scarcely flexuose, thickly covered with spreading hairs.
Residency garden ; 14 Sept. 1856. No. 7384. Native name Massango.
Rhachis densely flexuose towards the top. Awns very long, blood-purple.
Banks of river Cuango : 13 and 14 Sept. 1856. No. 7298. (Massango).
Pennisetiim Benthami Steiid. {P. macrostaduium Benth.) cannot
be separated from P. j^urpureum Sclnim. In several of Wel-
•witsch's specimens the seti\? are tinged with red or purple, forming
ai.. approach to the deep purple setae and glumes of Schumacher's
description, and occurring also in a plant from Guinea received
from Thonning on which Fliigge based his ms. species, and which
came to the British Museum in Herb. Nolte.
5. P. setosum L. Rich, in Pers. Synops. i. p. 72 (1805); Durand
& Schinz, I.e., p. 784.
P. pohjstachyum Schult. Mant. ii. p. 146 (1824); Benth., I.e.
P. purjmrascens H. B. & K. Nov. Gen. and Sp. i. p. 113 (1815).
GoLUNGi) Alto. — A small erect plant, about 10 in. high, with a
delicate thinly flowered spike. In grassy sunny places between Sange
and Ponte de Luiz Simoes ; Feb. 1855. No. 7i81. Common in reedy
thickets on the left of the river Delamboa. Spikes when in flower a
splendid purple, becoming finally more or less dull purplish ; May 1855.
No. 7194. A grass 5 to 6 ft. high ; culm erect, branching above, spikes
elongated, golden-yellow, very acuminate, gi-aceful and nodding.
Rather rare, occurring with Anch-o/joi/un in somewhat dry places near
Menha Lula, Sobatode Mossangue : May 1SS5. No. 7274. Nos. 2967,
7232, 7262, 7267?^, 7267rf (no information).
6. P. cenchroides L. Eich., I.e.
P. eillare Link Hort. Berol. i. p. 213 (1827) ; Durand & Schinz,
I.e., p. 778. (Jenehrus ciliaris L. Mant. p. 302 (1771).
Cape Verde Islands ?— No. 2922 (no information).
LoANDA. — A grass 2 to 3 ft. high, laxly ciespitose : culms sometimes
straight, sometimes arcuate-ascending ; spikes purplish. Among
herbage near Quicuxe ; Oct. 1858. No. 7317. A panicoid grass, Avith
ca3spitose branched ascending culms, and purplish spikes. Common
in thicket-grown pastures between Penedo and Concei^-ao ; Jan. 185'.l.
No. 2920. ' No. 7481 (no information).
3I()sSAMEDi;s. — A ciBspitose grass, with erect or ascending culms a
foot high, and purplish-green scabrid stiffish spikes an inch hmg.
Sandy places on the banks of the river Bero near the gardens ; 5 Aug.
1859. No. 2621.
Pennisetimi\ \xvin. gra.mine.e. 191
Sect. 3. — Pexkillakia.
7. P. typhoideum L. Rich., I.e.
P. spicatani 11. i^' S. Syst. ii. p. 499 (1S17). llolcus spicatus L.
Syst. ed. X. p. 1305 (1759). Pauicuju spicatitm Roxb. ¥\. Ind. i.
p. 283 (1832). Penicillaria spicata Willd. Enum. llort. Berol.
p. 1037 (1809).
■* Part/"/ htjidrescence slallrd.
t No awn-like (lei-chijjmen/ of tlw incnhicre.
Var. typicum K. Schum. in Engl. Pflanz.-Welt. Ost-Atrik. B.
p. 55 (1895).
Leaf-blades and sheaths glabrous, margins of upper sheaths
filiate, lower nodes glabrous, upper with a dense ring of short
white hairs ; a similar ring occurs below the union of leaf-blade
and sheath ; scape densely pubescent below the " spike." Spike
very dense, cylindrical, narrowing to the apex, which in the
Loanda specimens is comose, greenish or purplish, when ripe 7 in.
long by 2 in. thick. Stalk of partial inflorescence about 2 lines
long, densely white-hairy; involucre enclosing 2 sessile spikelets
and scarcely equal to them in length, one seta sometimes slightly
exceeding the rest, the shoi-ter ones not plumose. The two outer
glumes small, hyaline, enerved, with truncate and sometimes
ciliolate apex ; glume I. about ^ line long, gl. II. slightly longer,
gl. III. 1^ line, broadly elliptical, 3-nerved, apex truncate, some-
times ciliolate, faintly muci-onate, subtending a subequal pale
with shortly haiiy nei-ves and a c? flowei' ; fertile gl. obovately
oblong to broadly elliptical, convex, 5- to 7-nerved, with truncate
broken and ciliolate or mucronate apex. Grain obovate, dull
grey-brown, a little over 1 line (11) long.
Loanda. — Formerly cultivated under the name •' Milho de Bisao"
in Arimo de Quicuje (arimo = cultivated field). Feb. 1X54. Xo. 3005.
Huii.LA. — Massango lizo Welw. Synops. Expl. p. 35 (18()2). Plenti-
fully cultivated by the natives, and called Massango by those dwelling
between Monino and Lake Ivantala. In fi. Feb., in fr. May 18G0.
No. 2680. End of May 18G0. Cou.. Cakp. 109«.
tt One involucnil >(>\(i(). — An annual csespitose grass, 2 ft. high, panicles
secund, very long-awned, purplish. Sandy wooded meadows between
Caghuy and Sansamanda ; April 1857. No. 7413. Damp meadow near
Sansamanda : Feb. 1857. No. 2781. No. 2852 (no information).
6. T. minutiflora Rendle sp. nov.
Tall, csespitose, culms decumbent-ascending, branched, internodes
strong, terete, pubescent, except the upper enveloped for the whole
or greater part of their length by the sheaths ; nodes densely
pubescent ; ligule a line of short hairs ; leaves spreading, flat,
rigidulous, narrowly linear-lanceolate, acute, reddish, margin
scabridulous-pilose, faces sparsely pilose ; panicle much branched,
dense, narrow-lanceolate ; spikelets shortly stalked, scarcely
exceeding 1 line long, truncate ; gl. I. about i the length of the
.^pikelet, haiiy at the base only ; gl. II. thinly coriaceous below.
Trichokena'] xxviii. (UIAmine-e. 199
becoming membranous in the upper third, obovate wlien flattened,
with 2 parallel nerves on each side the midrib anastomosing below
the apex, apex bilobed, margin ciliate in the upper two-thirds,
midrib bearing a median dorsal tuft of hairs, awn fine, about
2i times the length of the glume; gl. Til. similar but narrowei-,
slightly shorter, and membranous, with a marginal tuft of hairs
on each side ; pale narrow, hyaline, slightly shorter ; fertile gl. '.;
the length of the spikelet, glabrous, thinly coriaceous, transparent,
ft. high, with habit of
Holcus. Plentiful, but in one place only, in the dry rocky woods near
Sansamanda on the river Cuanza, and on the rocks near Sepulchra
Mopopo ; 30 Apr. 1857. No. 2731.
The following may belong to the genus, l)ut in absence of
flowers determination is impossible : —
PuN(;o Andon(;().— Dec. 18.06. No. 2762.
31. MELINIS Beauv.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1119.
1. M. minutiflora Beauv. Agi-ost. p. 54 (1812); Durand &,
Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 735.
Panicum Melinis Tr'm. in Mem. Acad. Sci. Petei-sb. ser. 16.
iii. pt. 2. p. 291 (1834) ; Steud. Syn. PL Gram. p. 84 (1854).
G()LUN(;(> Alto.— Panicles broadly pyramidal and a deep purple
wine-colour, an ornament of the pastures but from the viscosity of
stem and leaves a great nuisance and disliked by cattle. Grows in
dense masses in damp meadows, and also, but more rarely, in dry
thickets near Sange and in the whole province of Golungo. Called
Caplm inelado by the Portuguese colonists from the stickiness of stem
and leaves ; Dec. 1854. No. 2992. Common in damp wooded places
at Cungulungulo ; Apr. 185G. No. 7198.
Pun(;<)Am)0\(;<).— Thickets between Cateteand Luxillo : May 1H57.
No. 7392. A cfespitose grass, 3 to 4 ft high, with ascending culms.
In lofty rocky places at Pedra Caboudo ; Apr. 1857. No. 2729.
The spikelets vary in length from 2 to nearly \] lino, in the
width of the glumes, especially of gl. III., the greater or U'ss
200 XXVIII. cRAMiNE.f;. [Melini^
prominence of the veins, the size of the minute lowest barren
glume, and the presence or length of the awn on the thii-d glume.
The awn may be present or absent in the same panicle. Gls. II.
and III. may be glabrous or slightly hauy.
Var. inermis Doell in Mart. Flor. Bras. ii. pt. 2. p. 242 (1877).
GoLUN(K) Ai.To. — Perhaps a variety of the grass called Capim
rneJndo. Rather rare in sunny gi'assy places on the Cuango near
Sange ; Feb. 1855. No. 2991.
Var. biaristata Eendle var, nov.
Spikelets narrow {\\ line long), gl. II. with an awn nearly-^ the
length of that of gl. III., which is often 1 in. or more in length.
PuNCiO Andonco. — Sandy thickets near the edges of woods hard by
the Quilanga road : May 1857. No. 2830.
Var. efiusa Rendle var. nov.
Panicle effuse, often large, branchlets capillary, flexuose,
spikelets small (not exceeding ^^ line in length), long-stalked, more
oval than in the type with glumes broader in proportion to their
length ; gl. III. oval with a long capillary awn.
PuNGo ANOONfM). — Common in sandy wooded places near Luxillo
and Cazella ; May 1857. No. 2831.
G()LUN(;() Alto. — A grass conspicuous for its beautiful violet-red
spikelets, in poor soil in sunny places uear Cambondo : June 1855.
No. 2958. No. 2973 (no information).
2. M. angolensis Rendle sp. nov.
Habit of M. mimdiflora, culms stoutish, cylindrical, closely
enveloped in the lower half by the hairy sheaths ; leaves lanceo-
late, acute, stifi", spreading ; panicle dense, lanceolate ; spikelets
glabrous, \]v line long; lowest barren glume very minute; gl. II.
ovately-oval, convex, with 7 well-max-ked nerves, midrib carinulate,
prolonged into a short weak awn between the shoi-t rounded apical
lobes ; gl. III. slightly shorter and narrower than gl. II.,
7-nerved, apex emarginate, unawned, with a nari'ow hyalme pale
and a ^ flower ; fertile gl. slightly shorter, hyaline, ovately oval,
very inconspicuously 5-nerved, apex emai-ginate, with a similai-
subequal blunt pale.
Shoots 3 ft. long, unbranclied except at the lower nodes ; inter-
nodes with sheath, 1 line in diameter, 1 to 1^. in. long in lower half
of shoot, becoming longer (3 to 5 in.) below the inflorescence;
nodes where exposed shortly hairy; sheaths with stiffish white
hairs from a reddish-brown tubercle ; ligule a dense ridge of
whitish hairs about 1 line long ; blade 1^ to 3 in. long, S-^ to 5
lines broad, base rounded, tapering above to a long point, flattened,
surface glabrous, margin sparsely ciliate. Panicle 5 in. long by
I in. greatest breadth a little above the base, branches alternate
except at the base, the lower 1 1 to 2 in. long, sharply ascending ;
spikelets shortly stalked, crowded on the short branchlets ; gl. I.
^ line long, semicircular with a fringe of hairs at its base ; gl. II.
I I line, apex shortly bifid, membranous between the prominent
parallel nerves; gl. III. Ij line, oval, more membranous than
Jfelinis] wviii. cramine.i:. 201
gl. II., margin as in gl. II. minutely ciliate above the middle,
pale scai'cely 1 line ; fertile gl. 1 line.
Distinguished from jlf. mimdijlora by its larger spikelets, the
awned second and blunt third bai-ren glume, and the presence of
a (^ flower in the axil of the latter.
PuxGO Andonoo.— Called l)y the colonists Cap'nit de CaralUi. Lofty
mountains at Pedra de Cabondo in the presidium; middle of April 1857.
No. 2819.
3. M. Welwitschii Rendle sp. nov.
Widely cagspitose, culms tough, slender, geniculate, decumbent-
ascending, internodes except the uppermost short, pubescent,
generally enveloped by the scabridulous-pubescent sheaths ; ligule
pilose ; blades spreading, shoi-tly linear-lanceolate, apex acute,
subpungent, pilose, margin scabridulous-pilose ; panicle small,
narrow, rhachis, branches and pedicels flexuose, hmsutulous ; spike-
lets shortly- stalked, 1^ line long, outline elliptical before spreading ;
glume I. reduced to an inconspicuoiis amplexicaul ridge of hairs ;
gls. II. and III. subequal, convex, coriaceous, 7-nerved, lateral
nerves parallel and ceasing at the shortly bilobed apex, keel
minutely scabridulous, margin ciliolate especially in the upper
portion, gl. II. subovate when flattened, bearing a slender awn
from the sinus 3 times its length, gl. Ill, narrower, less tough,
mucronate, enclosing a slightly shorter broad hyaline pale ;
fertile gl. shorter, thinly coriaceous, elliptical, with truncate
mucronulate apex, 5-nerved ; pale subequal and narrower.
Described from a single bi'anched spreading shoot less than
1-n- ft. high ; internodes except the flowering 'l to \l in. long, not
exceeding 'i line in thickness, terete, reddish ; sheaths the same
length or slightly shorter ; ligule a row of hairs about 1 line long ;
blades 1 to 2 in. long by 3 to 5 lines broad. Panicles 2^ in. long
by about ^ in. or less in width, branches solitary, short, ascending to
suberect ; pedicels bearing a ring or tuft of stiff whitish hairs just
lielow the joint reaching to about the middle of the light-coloured
spikelet. Gls. II. and III. the length of the spikelet ; fertile gl.
smooth, with convolute margins and rounded back, scarcely
exceeding 1 line in length.
Is nearest to M. angolevsis, but evidently a smaller plant, dis-
tinguished by its stronger spikelets with the obsolete lowest glume,
and finely awned second glume.
PuN(;o AxDONKd. — A widely ctespitose grass, rarely flowering. On
the most lofty rocks of the prajsidium ; Apr. 1857. No. 7390.
4. M. tomentosa Rendle sp. nov.
Culms much branched, spreading, ascending from a creeping-
base ; internodes strong, slender, terete, crimson, short, enveloped
by the subequal hirsute sheaths ; ligule a row of whitish hairs ;
blades flat, linear-lanceolate from a coi-date base, acute, margin
strong, hirsutulous, faces more or less sparsely pubescent, gla-
brescent in the upper leaves ; panicle small, dense, narrowly
oblong, rhachis ;ind solitary ascending branches pilose; spikelets
*202 XXVIII. CiRAMiNE/E. [Melinls
shortly stalked, Avitli a dense crimson tomentum, 1^ to 1,V line
long ; glume I. obsolete ; gl. II. ovate with shortly bilobed apex,
7 -nerved, veins not anastomosing, back and margin densely hairy,
awn less than twice its own length ; gl. III. similar but slightly
shorter, 5-nerved, broadly oblong-elliptical, mucronate, sheltering
a subequal pale with a male flower; fertile gl. ovate, very blunt,
5-nerved, glabrous, subcoriaceous, enclosing a subeqiial pale and
a $ flower ; seed narrowly ellipsoidal.
Widely spreading culms up to 2 ft. (perhaps longer), internodes
increasing upwards from about i: to 2 in. long (not including the
flowering one), | line or less in diameter, pubeiulous below the
tomentose nodes, otherwise glabrous. Ligule about 1 line long ;
blades 1 to 1^ in. long, 2 to 4 lines broad. Panicle 2 in. or less in
length, by \ line or less in width, branches and pedicels deep
•crimson ; spikelet surrounded by a basal tuft of hairs borne just
below the joint, less than the length of the spikelet ; gl. I. repre-
sented only by a shortly-hairy rudiment ; gl. II. the length of the
.spikelet, awn a little over 2 lines long ; gl. III. a little over 1 line
long ; fertile gl. barely 1 line ; seed £ line long.
Is most nearly allied to the last species, but distinguished by its
membranous densely tomentose glumes.
PuNGO AxDOXGO.— On the lofty rocks of Pedra Cabondo ; Apr. 1857.
Mo. 2717.
The following probably belongs to the genus, but no flowers ai-e
present: —
PuNCio Andon(;(). — A widely ciespitose plant 2 to 3 ft. high with
branched ascending culms. Affords excellent fodder, especially for
sohd-hoofed cattle. On the grassy slopes of the rocks of the praesidium
< Pedra de Cazella) ; 18 Dec. 185(3. No. 2761. Native name Calanga
liximba.
Tribe iv. AGROSTIDEyE.
Subtribe I. Stipe(e.
.32. ARISTIDA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1140.
Sect. 1. — Chaetaria.
1. A. Adscensionis L. Sp. PI. p. 82 (1753); Durund & Schinz.
Consp. El. Afr. v. p. 799.
A. coirulescens Desf. Fl. Atlant. i. p. 109, t. 21, fig. 2.
Luanda.— In grassy herb-grown places on gravelly soil in Cazangii
Island, somewhat plentiful, but not by any means social ; April 1854.
No. 7468. Nos. 2905, 7350 (no information).
Goi-UN'GO A]/ri)?. — No. 7270 (no information).
PuNGo AxDoXfio. — Wooded meadows near Caghuy, and at Catete :
Feb. 1857. No. 2779. Thicket-grown meadows in the praesidium :
Feb. 1857. No. 2789.
2. A. Welwitschii Bundle sp. nov.
Perennial, habit of A. Adscensionis but with a gracefully
flexuose, more supple, den.ser panicle ; pedicels shorter than the
spikelets, like the rhachis and branches hispidulous, spikelets
Aristida] xxviii. gramine^. 203
narrow, subulate before the divergence ot the barren glumes, pale
greenish; gl. I. narrowly lanceolate-acuminate, 1 -nerved, keel
hispidulous, with an awn i its length ; gl. II. linear, 1-nerved,
narrowing to the blunt apex, which passes abruptly into a short
awn J the length of the glume, back not keeled, glabrous ; gl. III.
with a short shortly hairy callus, linear-oblong, convolute,
3-nerved, nerves scabridulous, passing above into a narrow-
linear 3 -nerved stipe to the 3-branched awn ; awn-branches very
slender, the median abovit ^ longer than the lateral.
Plants 2 ft. or more in height ; roots strong, tough ; culms and
suberect branches smooth, terete, wiry, nodes glabrous ; sheath
closely surrounding the internodes, glabrous, except for a few hairs
at the mouth, ligule very short (] line), truncate, membranous;
blades convolute, very slender, long, stiff, wiry, tapering to a fine
point, glabrous, reaching over a foot in length. Panicle 4 to
8 in. long, branches slender, suberect, pedicels of spikelets ^ to 1-^-
lines long ; gl. I. including awn 2 lines long, gl. II. S\ lines,
gl. III. slightly longer, 3^ lines, not including the callus (i line),
to the point of bi-anchingof the awn; middle awn-branch f in.,
lateral branches ^ in.
Near A. Adscensionis but distinguished by its awned barren
glumes and inflorescence characters. Apparently (e descript.)
near A. alopecuroides Hack, in Abli. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. xxx.
p. 144, from Amboland, which however has a spike 20 cm. long,
an awn-stipe 6 mm. long, and 4 to 5 times twisted, and linear-
acuminate leaves 2 to 3 mm. broad at the base.
GoiANGO Alto ?.— No. 7255 (no information).
PuN(;(» And()N<;o. — Monstrous. Meadows near Bumba and N-billa;
March 1857. No. 7437. Specimens not in flower but apparently con-
specific with the above.
Var. minor Rendle var. nov.
Plants smaller (10 to 15 in.), panicle shorter and stiffer (2 to
3 in. long), barren glumes often pinkish, the outer broader and
more abruptly awned than in the type.
GoLUNdi) Alto.— Native name Quipusu. Widely caespitose in the
higher thicket-grown pastures. Sobato de Bumba ; 12 Oct. 1855.
Used for brooms. No. 7235. A stiff widely csespitose grass forming
the mountain meadows, and making the higher slopes very slippery.
Rather plentiful in the higher parts of the Alto Queta mountains ;
May 1855. No. 7273.
The following specimens Avithout flower probably belong to this
neighbourhood : —
Pt X(!o AxnoNGo. — A singular grass ; used for wickerwork. With-
out flower, and with culms already destroyed, growing intermingled
with sods of a tall robust Asc()lfjA!<, near Condo ; March 1857. No. 6945.
At the foot of the pasture-hills near Bumba ; without fl. : March
1857. No. 6945'-.
3. A. huillensis Rendle sp. nov.
Perennial, widely caespitose, culms very slender, erect, fastigi-
ately branched, nodes glabrous; leaves short, narrow-linear.
204 XXVIII. GRAMiNE.E. [AHstida
setaceous, becoming convolute, scabridulous, sparsely hairy
beneath, ligule obsolete; panicle lax, strict, meagre; pedicels
not exceeding the blue-purple spikelet ; gl. I. linear-lanceolate,
acuminate or tapering to a strongly cuspidate apex, with one
strong median nerve, back hispidulous ; gl. II. slightly exceeding
gl. I., linear-tapering to linear-lanceolate, strongly cuspidate,
with a strong median nerve, glabrous ; gl. III. oblong, tapering
above without articulation into the awn-stipe, 3-nerved, scabridu-
lous, awn stipe several times twisted, panicles generally 3 sub-
equal or the median slightly longer, sometimes with one or two
small additional branches.
Plants about 15 in. high ; leaves 4 in. long or less, ^ line or
less in width. Panicle 2i to 4 in. long, branches few, generally
appressed, not exceeding li to If in. Gl. I. 3^ to 4 lines long;
gl. II. 3| to 4^ lines ; gl. III. about 2-^ lines, including the
shortly bearded callus (^ line), awn-stipe 2^ to 3^ lines, branches
6 to 8 lines.
A distinct species of this section characterised by its sti'ongly
cuspidate subequal barren glumes, and strict meagre panicle.
HuiLLA.^A barley -like grass, culms suberect, widely cfespitose.
Stony precipices at the cataract near Lopollo ; 1 Xov. 1859. On the
drier rocks at the cataract of Lopollo ; April 18G0. No. 2691.
4. A. rhiniochloa Hochst. in Flora xxxviii. p. 200 (1855);
Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 808 (rhiyiochloa).
LoAXDA. — Plentiful in dry places grown with Evj)/t()rbi<( near
]\Iaianga do Povo, but found only in one locality ; 17 May 1854.
No. 7360.
Sect. 2. — Arthratherum.
5. A. hordeacea Kunth Rev. Gram. p. 517, 1. 173 (1835) ; Steud.
Syn. PI. Gram. p. 142 (1854) ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 803.
A. Steudeliana Trin. & Rupr. in Mem. Acad. Sci. Petersb.
ser. 6. vii. p. 155 (1843) ; Steud., I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 809.
LoANDA. — Annual, csespitose, with a Bromoid habit, violet-purple
glumes and yellowish awns. Sandy places, Alto das Crazes : Mav
1858. No. 7301. Nos. 7324, 7336, 7474 (no notes).
6. A. vestita Thunb. Prodr. PI. Capens. p. 19 (1794); Steud.,
I.e., p. 142 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 810.
Arthratliernm vestitvm Nees Fl. Afr. Austr. p. 174 (1841).
Hiii.LA. — Plentiful in grassy thickets among Acanthacese between
Quilengues and Lake Ivantula ; Feb. 18C0. No. 7516.
The following specimen may belong to this species, but the
material is too young for determination.
HuiLLA. — Wooded meadows on the river Monino ; Feb. 18611.
No. 2651.
Sect. 3. — Stipagrostis.
7. A. subacaulis Steud. Nomencl. Bot. ed. ii. i. p. 132 (1840),
Syn. PI. Gram. p. 144; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 809.
Arthratherum subacaule Nees, I.e., p. 180.
Aristida] xxviii. gramixe^. 205
MossAMEDES. — Annual, denselyand widely c;esp:tose, with a Bromoid
habit, culms very lax, decumbent, awns generally purplish. On the
sterile heights around the presidium where Porto de Pinda stands ;
30 August 1869. No. 2612.
8. A. papposa Trin. & Rupr., I.e., p. 173 ; Steud., Lc. ; Duraiid
& Schinz, I.e., p. 805.
Loan DA.— The appearance of this grass when moved by the wind is
that of undulating liquid silver. Plentiful on grassy hills, in rather
dry coarse sandy soil, near Quicuxe and MutoUo, tinging wide areas
with a shining silver colour (also found near Maianga do Povo) : May
1854. No. 7456. Nos. 7366, 7356/', <■, ^.
9. A. prodigiosa Wehv. in Trans. Linn. See. xxvii, p. 80, t. 25
(1869) ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 807.
M(>ss.\MKi)ES. — 1 to 3 ft. high, perennial by a fleshy rhizome, some-
times annual, root-fibres numerous, white, villous, succulent, radical
leaves slightly ci«spitose, glaucous, filiform, striate, rigidulous, variously
falcate, culms unbranched, ascending, glaucous, tinged with dark-
purple at the nodes, awns elongated, plumose. Very plentiful in
coarse sandy places by the sea to five to six miles from the ocean from
Giraul as far as Bahia dos Tigres below Cabo Negro ; in fl. and fr.
almost the whole year. Affords excellent fodder for antelopes, hares,
and cattle. Typical form with hirsute glumes. Praia da Amelia ;
June 1859. No. 2000('. Form with glabrous glumes. Plentiful in
sandy valleys between Cazimba and Mossamedes, 4 Sept. ; between
Mossamedes and Praia da Amelia, July ; in the sandy, now almost dry,
bed of the river Caroca (commonly called Eroque), Cabo Negro^
beginning of Sept. 1859. No. 2000/^. Coll. Caki". 1107 (no notes).
Snbtribe II. Agrostere.
33. CALAMAGROSTIS Adans. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.
p. 1150.
1. C. Welwitschii Rendle sp. nov.
Perennial (?), culms caBspitose, erect, or base ascendini;', un-
branched, elongated canline internodes 4, glabrous, subcompressed,
the lowest shorter than the loose membranous scabrous sheath,
the upper exceeding their sheaths; nodes glabrous, well-marked ;
ligule large, scarious, truncate ; blade flat, linear-tapering, acute,
ascending, scabridulous-striate, glabrous ; panicle elongated,
narrow, lax, rhachis and branches scabridulous, branches verticillate
or fascicled, flexuosely ascending to suberect, filiform, the lower
pai't bare, the upper bearing several shorter densely flowered
branchlets ; spikelets on short pedicels ; barren glumes lanceolate,
acute, 1-nerved, with scabridulous keel, the lower slightly the
longer; fertile gl. a little less than the upper barren gl., ovate,
truncate, 4-nerved, glabrous, unawned, enveloped by a tuft of
hairs almost equal to it in length borne by the callus, enclosing a
similar but narrower pale ; anthers 3, pale brown, apiculate.
Plants 2 ft. or a little more in height; elongated internodes
increasing upwards 1^ to 5 in., reaching 1 line in width, witli
leaf -sheaths a little over 1 to o] in,; ligule 2 to 2.V lines;
blades 2^ to 4} in. long by 1 ?, line or less in width. Panicle
206 XXVIII. GRAMiNE/E. [Colamagrostis
i-eaching 1 ft. in length, 'I in. across, branches 2i in. long or
shorter ; pedicels 1 line or less in length ; lower barren gl. If line
long, upper about \\ line ; fertile gl. a little over 1 line ; anthers
H line.
An interesting species with the habit of Agrostis, recalling some
effuse forms of A. alba L. It is placed in Calmnagrostis owing to
the tuft of hairs on the callus almost equal in length to the glume,
but is one of those species which connect the two genera. It
is most nearly allied to C. tenella Host, which, however, has a
shorter-haired callus and an awned flowering glume.
Huii.LA. — In thicket-grown marshes near Catumba ; April 1800,
Xo. 2629.
34. POLYPOGON Desf. ; Benth. k Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 11 50.
1. P. monspeliense Desf. Fl. Atl. i. p. 67 (1798); Steud. Syn.
PI. Gram. p. 184 (1854); Durand& Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr.v.p, 825.
MossAMEDES. — Showing little or no difEerence from specimens from
Southern Europe, Syria, Abyssinia, Ceylon. New Orleans, Chili and the
Cape. Damp sandy places on the banks of the river Caroca near Cabo
Xegro ; beginning of Sept. 1859. No. 2619. In small woods of
Tamarix galliai, species of Acacia and Cardia, near the banks of the
river Maiombo at Pedra do Rei ; Oct. 1859. Xo. 2618- Annual, with
a very fibrous root, widely ctespitose, with many prostrate-ascending
or obliquely erect, long-sheathed culms, leaves flat, ligule large, torn at
the top, inflorescence yellow-purplish. Plentiful in sandy places on
the banks of the river Bero near Cavalheiros : 22 Aug. 1859. X^o. 2820.
Subtribe III. Sjjoroholece.
35. SPOROBOLUSPv.Br.; Benth.&Hook.f.Gen.Pl. iii.p.ll48.
1. S. robustus Kuuth Rev. Gram. p. 425, t. 126 (1829-35);
Benth. in Plook. Niger Fl. p. 564 (1849); Durand A: Schinz,
Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 823.
Vilfa robusta Steud. Syn. PI. Gram. p. 154 (1854).
Island of St. Vixcknt, Cahe Yerde Is.— Near Porto Mindello :
Sept. 1853. Xo. 2923.
LuANi).\. — A fine widely ctespitose grass 2 to G ft. high, culms
ascending, geniculate, branched, nodes purplish, the lower sending out
roots ; spikes whitish. Sandy places by the sea near Cabo Lombo ;
30 April 1854. Xo. 7351. Plentiful in rather damp places round
ponds near Imbondeiro dos Lobos ; May 1864 and 1868. X"o. 7294.
No. 7357 (no information).
BEN(i().— On the river Bengo near Porto Rei ; not in good fl., Dec.
185.3. Xo. 7450.
MossA.MEDBS. — 4 to I) ft. high, very densely ca;spitose, rigid, very
rough, culms sometimes straight, sometimes oblique ; panicles pyramidal.
It is this grass particularly which in company with Aruudo spl/iosa.
renders solid the soil at the mouth of the river Bero, and so makes
possible the culture of the gardens. Very plentiful on the banks of
the river Bero ; 11 Aug. 1869. No. 2296.
2. S. pyramidalis Beauv. Fl. Owar. ii. p. 36, t. 80,fig. 1 (1816-18);
Benth., I.e., p. 565 ; Durand & Schinz, I.e.
Vilfa pyramidalis Steud., I.e., p. 155.
Sporobolus] xxviii. gkamine.k. 207
Prince's Island. — Thicket- and forest-grown hills by the sea near
Porto de San Antonio : Sept. 185;}. No. 2931.
GoLUNCo Alto. — Poor grassy places near Sange ; Dec. 1855.
No. 2977.
PuNGO Andox(;o. — 2 to 3 ft. high, ctespitose. Marshy places near
Lombe ; March 1857. No. 2727- No. 2851 (no information).
3. S. virginicus Kunth, I.e., p. G7; Benth., I.e., p. 564 ; Duraiul
it Schinz, I.e., p. 824.
Agrostis virginica L. 8p. PL p. 63 (1753). Vilfa virginica
Beauv. Agrost. p. 16 (1812); Steud., I.e., p. 157.
Ambkiz. — Plentiful at the mouth of the river Loje near Ambriz.
growing in coarse sandy and Hooded saline places not far from lagoons:
Nov. 1853. Nos. 2890, 2888.
LoANDA. — Growing socially on the margins of mangrove swamps
(Rhizophoreta) Cazanga Island in damp saline ground (and everywhere
on the shore of the ocean wherever the ground is tolerably damp) ; end
of April 1854. No. 7459. Sandy shores of Cazanga Island ; May 1854.
Nos. 7302, 7369.
MossAMKDES. — Places grown with short thickets near the sea and
flooded in the rainy season not far from Mossamedes ; July 1851).
No. 2611.
4. S. spicatus Kunth, I.e. : Durand & 8chinz, I.e., p. 823.
Agrostis viryiniea Forsk. Fl. ^-Eg.-Anil). Descr. p. 20 (1775).
A. spicata Vahl Symb. i. p. 9 (1790). Vilfa spicata Beauv., I.e. :
Steud., I.e., p. 160.
Island of St. Vixci.m', Cai-k Vki;de Is.— Coarse sandy places and
barren hills ; Sept. 1853. No. 2921.
5. S. festivus Hochst. ex A. Eich. Tent. Fl. Aby.ss. ii. p. 398
(1851) ; Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 820.
Vilfa /estiva Steud., I.e., p. 158.
PuNGo AxDoxdo. — A very elegant cfespitose annual(?); culms erect-
striate ; panicle a fine violet. Plentiful in damp, sunny, rocky
places. Rocks of Cabondo : towards the end of Nov. 1856. No. 275i-
Beginning of Nov. No. 2751/'. Agrostoid or simulating ^//v/, casspitose,
1 to H ft. high, remarkaMe when alive for its amethyst-purple
spikelets. Pastures of short grass between the prsesidium and Luxillo ;
May 1857. No. 2804.
G. S. Welwitschii Kendle sp. nov.
Perennial by a short rather slender ascending rhizome, which
bears very short densely cfespitose leaf-shoots, with small, stiff,
involute, acicular, pungent, glabrous, ciowded leaves, sheath.-^
membranous, striate, glabrous, pilose only at the mouth; flowering
culms slender, wiry, .slightly geniculate, nodes glabrous, leaf-
sheaths much shorter than the internodes, leaves short, distich-
ously spreading, similar to those on the leafy shoots, ligule a
.short densely hairy ridge ; panicle ellipsoidal, effuse, branches
alternate, slender, spreading, branchlets capillary, spreading
nearly at a right angle, similarly branched, interlacing, and
forming a fine capillary network with thickened nodes, nodes
208 XXVIII. GRAMiNE.E. [jSjxyrobolm
with 1 to 3 long fine hairs; pedicels long, clavately swollen
beneath the spikelet ; spikelets fuscous, a little over I line long,
lanceolate becoming truncate-elliptical-oblong, barren glumes
blunt, enerved, glabrous, membranous, the outer less than half
the length of the spikelet, orbicular-ovate, the inner elliptical ;
fertile glume broadly ovate, blunt, roundly convex, with a central
nerve and two short submarginal lateral nerves, glabrous, pale
subequal or slightly longer, broadly elliptical-obovate, very blunt ;
anthers 3.
Plants 9 to 14 in. high, the slender erect culms, with 4 to 5
nodes, i-ising from crowded leafy tufts 1 to 1^ in. high; leaves
not exceeding 1 in., generally less, sheaths ^r to 1 in., the
uppermost 1.} to 2 in. ; ligule less than ]- line. Panicle '2h
to 3^ in. long by 1 to 2 in. broad, branches reaching 1|- in.
long, becoming shorter above the middle, branched again from
the base, pedicels 2 to 4 times as long as the spikelet. Glume I.
scarcely ]- line long, gl. II. a good I line, gl. III. a good i line,
pale similar in textui-e and fuscous-green colour to the glume,
upper margin membranous, very minutely ciliolate ; anthei-s
.scarcely ^ line.
Near S. minutijiorus Link, but distinguished by habit, short
pungent leaves, and small capillary reticulate pilose panicle.
HuiLi.A. — Poor pastures in the Lopollo district ; May 1860. No. 2690.
7. S. andongensis Rendle sp. nov.
Perennial, widely and densely cvespitose, leaf-shoots and erect
culms springing from the massed withered leaf -sheaths ; leaves
suberect or ascending, rigidulous, lineai-, tapering to a pungent
apex with strong submarginal nerves, sparsely pilose on the upper
face ; nodes glabrous ; sheaths with ciliolate margin and pilose
mouth ; ligule short, densely hairy ; panicle more or less ellipsoidal ;
branches alternate, subascending, bi-anchlets spreading at about
45°, capillary, like the pedicels, nodes swollen and bearing tufts
of hairs, pedicels 2 to several times as long as the spikelets,
clavate at the tip, spikelets fuscous, lanceolate to oblong, ;^- line
long ; barren glumes subequal, blunt, the outer ovate, 1-nerved,
the inner elliptical, enerved ; fertile glume ovate, blunt or emar-
ginate, 3-nerved, the lateral nerves falling short of the tip ; pale
slightly longer, elliptical, glabrous ; anthers 3.
Plants 7 to 11 in. high; leaves to 3 in. loug, about 1 line or
less in breadth at the base ; ligule \ line ; culms with 3 to 4
internodes, slender. Panicle diffuse, to 4 in. long by 1^ in. broad,
branches i-eaching \}, in. Barren glumes of spikelets between
;■. and i line long, fertile glume a good H line, pale similar in
colour and texture, ■{- line ; anthers scarcely ^ line long.
Near the last species, but distinguished by its larger spikelets,
subequal barren glumes, and linear-tapering leaves.
PuxGo AxDONGO. — Perennial, widely and densely caespitose, leaves
and culms erect, panicle diffuse. Wet meadows between Candumba
and Lombe, growing with Lythracece, etc. ; March 1857. No. 2812.
'^'porobolus] xxviii. gramine.'E. 209
8. S. pulchellus R. Br. Pmlr. p. 17U (1810) ; Kunth Rev. (iv.im.
p. 419, t. 123.
Vilfa pulchella Steud., I.e., p. 155.
PuNGO Anoonco. — Annual, laxly cjBspitose, a span to a foot high,
culms erect, slender, branched, spikes whorled, spikelets purplish.
Damp sandy soil between the bridge of Luxillo and Cambambe ; Feb.
1857. No. 2809. Plentiful in rather damp places by the sandy road-
side between Candumba and Lombe ; March 1857. No. 2805- Damp
places, Lombe ; March 1857. No. 2720.
9. S. Molleri Hack, in Bol. See. Brot. v.p. 213 (1887)] Durand
«fc Schinz, I.e., p. 822.
GoLUXGo Alto. — Growing in dense masses, but not CEespitose ;
pleasing to cattle. Plentiful in sparsely grassed sunny places in poor
soil near Sange (Caminho, near Bango) ; Dec. 1854. No. 2984.
PuN(.'() An'1)oX(;().— No. 2843 (no notes).
10. S. sanguineus Rendle sp. nov.
Apparently annual, cjespitose, culms tall, erect, unbranched,
•distichously sheathed at the base ; nodes purplish, glabrous ;
cauline internodes 4, subcompressed, glabrous, long and, including
the lowest, exceeding the long appressed membranous sheaths,
mouth pilose, margins pilosulose in the upper part of their length ;
ligule short, hairy ; blade long, linear, tapering above to a
setiform apex, glabroiTS, plicate to convolute, ascendo-patent to
suberect ; panicle immature, long, strict, dense, glabrous, rhachis
slender, branches filifoi-m in whorls of 7 or fewer, at present
ascending, bearing in the upper part short 2- to 3-flowered
branchlets ; spikelets dark crimson, lanceolate and acute before
opening, shortly stalked ; barren glumes glabrous, lanceolate,
acute, very unequal, the lower small, narrow, enerved, barely
}, the length of the spikelet, the upper the length of the spikelet,
1-nerved ; fertile glumes similar to, but slightly shorter and less
sharply pointed than the large barren glumes, pale subequal and
similar but elliptical with truncate apex ; lodicules cuneate with
i-etuse apex ; anthers 3, yellowi.sh, linear ; styles bifid, glabrous,
l)earing a pair of large plumose stigmas.
Culms over 3 ft. in lieight, the three lower intei'nodes of the
longest measuring 5, 5, and 9^ in. respectivel y, the lowest 1 line
across. Ligule less than 1 line long ; blades reaching 1 foot
in length, and 2 lines greatest width, those on the young leaf-
shoots narrower. Panicle 9 in. long, .^ to f in. in diameter ;
branches 2 in. or less ; spikelets 1|- to barely 2 lines long ; anthers
lA line.
Closely i-esembles the North-American *S'. jnneeus Kunth in
habit and characters of the spikelet; but is evidently a larger
plant with stricter panicle. From the description apparently
near S. Rehvianni Hack. (Transvaal), which resembles it in the
characters of the spikelet but has lanceolate -linear leaves with a
rounded base.
HuiLLA. — In poor thicket-grown meadows in the Lopollo territory :
May 1860. No 2660.
VOL. II. 14
210 XXVIII. ORAMINE.E. [Jleleochloci
Subtribe IX. Phleoideo'.
36. HELEOCHLOA Host ; Benth. k Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.
p. 1146.
1. H. schoenoides Host Gram. Austr. i. p. 23, t. 30 (1801)
Durand k Schiiiz, Ooiisp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 815.
Crypsis schoenoides Lam. 111. i. p. 1G6 (1791); Steud. Syn. PL
Gram. p. 152 (1854).
Mo.ssAMKUEs. — A prostrate highly social grass, occupying ex-
clusively large tracts of muddy land. On the marshy banks of the
right branch of the river Caroca, near Cabo Negro, also at Porto de
Pinda ; sometimes with ?>^qc\Q9, oi Artln-ocneinwn and Lippia 7i'>di0ora :
3 Sept. 1850. No. 2622.
Tribe v. ZOYHIE^E.
37. NAZIA Adans. Fam. ii. p. 31 (1763).
Traqus Hall. .Stirp. Helv. ii. p. 203 (1768) ; Benth. A Hook. f.
Gen. PI. iii. p. 1122.
1. N. racemosa O. K. Eev. Gen. PL p. 780 (1891).
Cenchrvs racemosus L. Sp. PL p. 1049 (1753). Lappago
racemosa Honck. Syn. i. p. 440 (1792) ; Benth. in Hook. Niger
Fl. p. 564 (1849) ; Steud. Syn. PL Gram. p. 112 (1854). Tragus
racemosus Scop. Introd. p. 73 (1777).
LoANDA. — An annual grass, a span high, culms laxly casspitose,
spikes ascending like a Jryosiiriis, straight, spikelets sticky, echinate on
all sides. Habit almost as in Lupjxign racemosa of Europe, and
probably the very same plant. On low red-sandy hills above Loanda,
Alto das Cruzes, but not plentiful ; Dec. 1858. No. 7313. Common
in sandy ground near Penedo : Jan. 1859. No. 2910. 1853-4.
No. 7373 (in part). Nos. 7345, 7464 (no information).
38. MONELYTRITM Hack, in Abh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb.
XXX. p. 140 (1888).
1. M. Luderitzianum Hack., I.e. ; Durand k Schinz, Consp. Fl.
Afr. V. p. 733.
Mo.ssAMKDivs. — In sandy places by the sea at the mouths of the
river Bero but apparently somewhat rare ; July 1859. No. 2292-
The leaves are shorter and broader than in the type as
descriljed l>y Hackel showing a tendency to linear-lanceolate ;.
they measure f^ to V'l in. in length by 1 to 2 lines in breadth.
39. PEROTIS Ait. ; Benth. k Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 1123.
1. P. latifolia Ait. Hort. Kew. i. p. 85 (1789); Benth. in
Hook. Niger Fl. p. 569 (1849) ; Stend. Syn. PL Gram. p. 186
(1854) ; Durand k Schinz, Con.'^p. Fl. Afr. v. p. 734.
tSaccharimi sjncatum L. Sp. PL p. 54 (1753).
PuN(U) Andongo. — Annual, 2 to 3 ft., cajspitose, leaves rigidulous,
glaucous, more or less undulate, spike a foot or more long, with the
appearance of a violet feather, floating very gracefully among the
common grasses. Gravelly and rocky places on the banks of the
Cuanza ; Jan. 1857. No. 2740. Annual, laxly cEespitose, very graceful
XXVIII. OIIAMINE.E. 211
culms ascending, distichously leaved, distantly sheathed above, spikes
barley-like, shining whitish-yellow, barl)s] spreading at mid-day, bur
soon contracted. Plentiful in sandy wooded places between Sansa-
manda and Mopopo on the right bank of the Cuanza ; April 1857.
No. 7424. Panicle narrowed in the day-time expanded in the evening.
Common in sandy woody places near Sansamanda : 1 Mav 1857.
No. 2732.
HiiLLA. — A cespitose grass, culms prostrate to ascending, spikes
3fl/on>(Tus-like purplish. Very common on low thicket-grown sandy
hills round edges of woods near Monino ; April and Mav 18G0.
No. 7488.
Tribe vi. AVEXE.E.
40. AVENA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ill. p. 1160.
1. A. uniflora Pari. PI. Nov. v. Min. Not. p. 84 (1842); Webb
& Berth. Hist. Nat. C.inar. iii. p. 401, t. 248; Steud. Syn. PI.
Gram. p. 231 (1854); Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 843.
HuiLLA. — Sandy thickets near the banks of the river Monino, but
rarely met with ; April 1860. No. 7509.
41. DANTHONIA DC; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1162.
1. D. Forskalii E. Br. in Denham & Clapp. Trav. &: Disc, in N.
& Centr. Afr. App. p. 244 (1826); Trin. Gram. Icon, k Descr.
i. t. 49 (1828); Steud. Syn. PI. Gi-am. p. 244 (1854); Durand
tt Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 850.
D. glauca Nees Fl. Afr. Austv. p. 327 (1841).
MosSAMEDES. — Coarse sandy places near the sea, to the south of
Mossamedes, but rather rare. Praia da Amelia ; July 1859. No. 2294-
2. D. mossamedensis Rendle sp. nov.
Perennial by a stout woody rhizome, culms erect or sub-
ascending below, unbranched, sufFruticose ; leaf -sheaths striate,
glabrous below, becoming scabridulous above, shorter than the
densely, shortly pubescent internodes ; nodes reddish, glabrous ;
ligule short, den.sely hairy; blades about equal to or slightly
exceeding the sheaths, linear-tapering, becoming convolute, apex
setaceous, more or less scabridulous on the low-er, striate and
sparsely shortly pilose on the upper face; panicle strict, inter-
rupted, branches short, suberect, densely spiculiferous to the
base, rhachis, branches, and pedicels shortly pubescent ; spikelets
1^ in. long, barren glumes subequal, exceeding the flowers,
lanceolate, acute, rigidulous, membranous, 9- and 7-nerved, flowers 6,
becoming smaller upwards, rhachis-joints obliquely acute, lowest
fertile glume elliptical, concave, 7-nerved, bilobed at the apex, lobes
weakly setigerous, bearing a dorsal line of dense white hairs
about i below the tip; pale much flattened, nerves stx'ong,
minutely ciliolate. ovaiy glabrous.
Plants 2 to 2.! ft. high ; root-fibres stout ; leaf-sheaths, except
the uppermost (5 in.), 1^ to 3 J in. long, blades '^ to 3^ in. long,
1 to \\ lines broad at the base, ligule ~ line long. Panicle 6 to
9 in. long, 1 in. or less across, lowest branches \\ to 1^ in. long,
212 XXVIII. GKAMINE^. \Danthoni(i
the upper gradually shorter. Spikelets ascending, rhachis-joints
brittle, shortly puberulous, barren glumes glabrous, the lower
slightly (less than }. line) longer than the upper, 9-nerved below,
becoming 5-nerved near the apex, the upper 7-nerved below,
nil the nerves except the median becoming indistinct above.
Lowest flowering glume 3 lines long without the awn, rhachis-
joint '~l line, awn 7 lines, including the flattened column (1^ line),
lateral nerves conspicuously green below the tip, lobes very
■delicate, ridge of hairs white, exceeding the glume ; pale scarcely
3 lines ; lodicules rather large, cuneiform, anthers 2 lines long.
Near the last species, but a much larger plant, distinguished
by its long strict interrupted panicle, its larger spikelets, etc.
MossAMEDES. — A suffruticose, triticiform, pale green grass; culms
and rhachis brittle. Growing with Vogelin nfrlrjinn Lam. in coarse
sandy places near Cavalheiros on the river Onco, and by the river Bero
in rather dry places ; July 1859. No. 2282.
3. D. andongensis Rendle sp. nov.
A very elegant widely csespitose glabrous perennial ; rhizome
.strong, densely fibrous ; culms springing from among the closely
massed last year's sheaths, slender, erect ; leaves almost as long
as the culms, erecto-ascendent, rigid, apex pungent, in the dried
specimens convolute and subulate, when alive flat linear-
lanceolate, or broadly linear-acuminate, shining glaucous yellowish-
o'reen ; ligule a low ridge of white hairs ; blade sharply separated
from the sheath ; panicle linear at first, becoming irregularly
rhomboidal, branches fastigiate at the nodes, ascending, young
spikelets lanceolate, about 5-flowered, lowest ^flower $ with a
shortly imperfectly aAvned glume, the upper ? with a perfect
awn slightly exceeding the length of the glume ; barren glumes
shorter than the spikelet, subelliptical, acute, conspicuously
o-nerved, setigerous, gl. III. more ovate, with a slightly bifid
apex, gls. IV. and V. subequal, 5-nerved, elliptical, the lateral
nerves produced into the two acute shortly setiferous membranous
lobes, callus short, bearing lateral tufts of short whitish hairs,
succeeding glumes becoming shorter.
Plants 1 to If ft. ; basal leaf-sheaths \\ to 3 in. long, mem-
branous, culms with 4 internodes ; cauline sheaths subequal to
or shorter than the leaf-sheaths ; leaves reaching 10 to 12 in. in
length, and 2 lines in breadth when flattened ; Hgule scarcely
\ line long. Panicle about G in. long by \\ bi-oad when mature ;
branches reaching 3 in. ; spikelets shortly stalked or terminal,
reaching \ in. in length, like the rest of the plant glabrous ;
lower barren gl. slightly oblanceolately elliptical, 2f to 3} hue
including the short awn (1 to H line) ; gl. 11. separated by a
short internode, more elliptical than gl. L, about 3 lines long,
including the awn (^ line) ; gl. III. subsessile, very slightly
exceeding gl. II. ; pale flattened with strong ciliolate nerves and
retuse apex, scarcely 2^ lines long ; upper glumes separating
from the glabrous rhachis-joint (f line long), gls. IV. and y .
JJauthonm] xxviii. (iUAMiNE.K. 213
3 to 3y lines long, uwn 3,} to 4 lines, geniculate below the middle
with a flat much-twisted column ; pale as in the lowest flower ;
fruit (unripe) narrowly elliptical, glabrous.
Resembles some forms of the American D. spiccUa Hoem &
Schult, but is distinguished by its long stiff suberect leaves,
relatively shorter barren glumes, etc.
PuNGO Andonck). — A very elegant grass, apparently flowering only
very rarely. When dried tihe leaves completely lose their form and
colour. Plentiful on the rocks of the prtesidium : in fl. Nov. 185(j.
No. 2744. On the higher rocks of the prjesidium at Pedra Cazella,
Pungo, and Cabondo ; in fl. May 1857. No. 7417.
42. PENTASCHISTIS Stapf in Fl. Capens. vii. p. 314 (1898);
Nees in Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. ii. p. 382 (1836) as a subgenus.
Dayithonia DC, Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1163, pro parte.
1. P. Welwitschii Kendle sp. nov.
A widely ca^spitose glabrous perennial with a slender fibrous
rhizome ; culms slender, erect, springing from among the withered
basal leaf -sheaths, which ultimately become fibrous ; leaves erect,
linear, convolute, stiff, subpungent, sometimes overtopping the
panicle ; ligule a very short ridge of whitish hairs ; blade con-
spicuously jointed to the slender cylindrical striate sheath which
far exceeds the very thin terete internodes ; panicle graceful,
narrowly lanceolate, subnutant ; branches slender, ascending,
solitary ; spikelets terminal, or shortly stalked on the branchlets,
small, lanceolate before spreading of the glumes ; flowers 2, ? ;
barren glumes shorter than the flowers, membranous, 1 -nerved,
lanceolate, the lower acuminate, the upper slightly larger with
an irregularly cut cuspidate apex ; flowering glumes subequal,
on a very short rhachis-joint, callus short, white-hairy ; glume
yellowish, ovate, 3 -nerved with 2 less prominent partial outei
nerves, apex bearing a median awn, and on each side a pair of
weak slender setiform lobes ; awn weak, geniculate just above
the base ; pale elliptical, back somewhat flattened, apex shortly
weakly trifid, minutely hispidulous.
Plants 1 to 2 ft. high ; culms with 3 internodes, the upper-
most only escaping from the leaf -sheath ; leaves except the
younger 8 to 10 in. long, slender and convolute, rarely exceeding
I line in breadth. Panicle 41 to 7 in. long, \ to 1 in. broad,
lower branches li to 2 in. ; pedicels about equal or a little longer
or shorter than the spikelet, like the rhachis and branches
glabrous; spikelet, without the awns, about 1^ line long; lower
barren gl. 1 line, the upper 1] line; flowering gl. 1 line, the
inner setfe 1^ line long, the outer shorter; awn 2 J lines, kneed
}, line above the base ; pale a little shorter than the glume, apex
and upper part of nerves minutely hispidulous ; ovary glabrous.
A very distinct species appi'oaching D. abyssinica liochst., but
distinguished by its lax inflorescence, smaller spikelet, sessile
upper flower, 5-nerved flowering glume, etc.
Pungo Axpongo. — Widely ctespitose, 1 to 2 ft. high ; cuhna erect
214 XXVIII. GRAMiNEiE. [Pentaschistis
or sometimes patulous ; leaves very narrow-linear, bright green,
slightly fleshy, soon becoming yellow when dried. On rocks of the
praesidium near Cabondo ; Feb. 1857. No. 2808- On the spongy
sunny slopes of Tunda-Quilombo ; end of May 1857. No. 7419.
Tribe vii. ARUNDINELLE.^.
43. TRICHOPTERYXNees;Benth.&Hook.f. Gen. PI.iii.p.ll62.
1. T. simplex Benth. in Joiu-n. Linn. See. xix. p. 98 (1881);
Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 846.
Tristachya simplex Nees Fl. Afr. Austr. p. 269 (1841) ; Stead.
8yn. PI. Gram. p. 238 (1854).
PuNGO And(>X(;o. — Called by the negroes Lucomba. A caespitose
grass 3 to 5 ft. high, erect or almost ascending ; the tough culms are
used by the fishermen for making Musuas (baskets to catch fish).
Plentiful in damp meadows from Bumba, Ambuilla, and Condo as far
as Quisonde : in fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 7395. Lombe, in wide
shining rather damp meadows ; March 1857. No. 2719. A tall
<8espitose .1 ristida-\\kQ grass. In wooded pastures between Condo and
(Quisonde : March 1857. No. 7444. In the wooded rather deeply
grassed meadows of Monino. Collected during the second reconnoitring
excursion against the Monani ; beginning of March 1860. No. 7495
Var. gracilis Rendle var. nov.
Densely cfespitose, with slender erect culms springing from the
tibrous basal sheaths, with a spreading whorl of hairs at the nodes ;
leaves suberect or ascending, rigidulous, narrow-linear, becoming
convolute and .setaceous ; spikelets glabrous, 4^ lines long ; sheaths
and leaves glabrous or pubescent, especially in the lower part of
the plant.
Plngo AxDdNGO. — On the slopes of Cabindo. No. 2714. A
oiespitose perennial grass, 2 to 3 ft. high, culms erect with spreading
hairs at the nodes, panicles somewhat nodding. In boggy places on
the rocks above Catete, not fully developed : 28 Feb. 1857. No. 2787.
In meadows near N-billa on the river Cuanza ; March 1857. No. 7441.
. A slender widely casspitose erect grass 3 ft. high, with the habit of
Aristida. Wooded meadows between Candumba and Muta Lucala,
and also near Mopopo ; March and April 1857. No. 7406.
(?) Var. crinita Stapf ined.
PuNGo Andongo. — Wooded meadows between Bumba and Condo ;
3Iarch 1857. No. 7445.
The spikelets are very young.
2. T. grisea K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost.-Afr. C. p. 109 (1895).
PuNGO Andongo. — A caespitose grass with the habit of Ar'tdida or
Stipa, almost completely villose. Rather rare in wooded meadows
between Pedras de Guinga and Candumba ; March 1857. No. 7443.
:-5 to 4 ft., erect, cajspitose. In thicket-grown secondary woods in
the praesidium, but not plentiful ; Jan. 1857. No. 2716. Nos. 2848,
2867 (no information).
3. T. densispica Rendle sp. nov.
Perennial, ciespitose, culms erect, slender, terete, wiry, springing
Trichopteri/x] xxviii. (UJAMiNEyE. 215
from among the withered leaf -sheaths of lastseas-on and enveloped
at the base by a few leaves reduced to the In-own membranous
sheath or with only a small blade ; stem internodes 2 to 3 like the
nodes and sheaths gla1)rous ; sheaths cylindrical, dose-litting,
much shorter than the internodes; ligule a short dense row of
hairs ; blades slender, convolute, rigid and setaceous, erect, the
uppermost reaching or overtopping the inflorescence, pubescent
on the inner face ; panicle very dense, spikelike, linear, spikelets
subsessile or shortly stalked on the very short appressed com-
pressed branches, lanceolate-subulate, light l)rown ; gl. I. about
half as long as gl. III., lanceolate, subacute, 3-nerved, dorsally
flattened, margins incurved with a close line of dark brown warts
with spreading white bristly hairs; gl. II. linear-lanceolate,
acuminate, blunt, 3-nerved, the involute margin minutely scabridu-
lously hairy from below the middle to below the tip; gl. III.
exceeding gl. II., linear below, tapering above into an acuminate
iiwn ; 3-nerved ; pedicel of fertile flower slender, bearing short
basal tufts of hair like the callus, fertile gl. coriaceous, puberulous,
convolute, inconspicuously 7-nerved with minutely bilobed apex
between which springs the long awn ; pale linear-tapering, nerves
strong, approximate.
Culms 11 to nearly 2 ft. long, sheathed for about 2 in. at the
base, internodes '} to ] line in diameter ; cauline sheaths 2 to 3 in.
long, leaf -blades 3 to 5 in., }^ to 1 line in thickness in their natural
convolute condition. Panicle barley-like, 1^ to 3 in. long not
including the awns ; fully developed spikelets '^ in. long ; gl. I.
4 to 4}, lines long, gl. II. 7^ lines or slightly less, gl. III. 8^ to 9
lines, pale 4 lines, narrow, flattened, with a bifid apex ; pedicel of
fertile flower slender, l.V line long, exceeding the truncate callus,
gl. 3 lines long including callus, column of awn pale brown,
twisted, about 1 in. long, subula greenish 1| to l?j in. long, pale
narrow, 2f line. The stamens have dropped, but there appear to
have been 2 in the $ flower.
A distinct species near T. hordeiformis Stapf, but differs in its
perennial habit, narrow setaceous leaves, glabrous nodes, shorter
inflorescence and relative lengths of the glumes.
HuiLLA. — In poor sandy thicket-grown pastures near the edges of
woods in the Lopollo district ; Feb. 1860, No. 7500.
4. T. gigantea Stapf in Kew Bull. 1897,-p. 295.
Punch Andongo. — Deep-grassed wooded thickets between Canduraba
and Mangue ; Feb. 1857. No. 2836.
HuiLLA.— Wooded rocks by Lake Ivantala : end of Feb. 1860.
No. 7525.
Var. gracilis Rendle var. nov.
('ulms slenderer than in the type with short narrow -linear
tapering involute leaves, and basal sheaths glabrous like the
upper; spikelets smaller, 10 to 13 lines long, and gl. I. less robu.st
and generally more acute. Leaves 5 to 1 !", in. long, 2 lines or less
in breadth.
216 XXYIII. GRAMINE.E. [Trichopteryx
PuNGo Anoongo. — 4 to 5 ft. high, with an erect, slender, slightly
branched culm. Remarkably social. Very plentiful on the rather
damp banks of the river Cuanza near Condo, Calemba, etc. ; 12 March
18r)7. No. 7412. Sandy woods of Leguminosa;; Feb. 1H57. No. 2782.
5. T. viridis Rendle sp. nov.
Perennial, c8e.spitose, culms strong, erect, base .subascending,
enveloped by the equitant pubescent sheaths of the withering
basal leaves ; cauline internodes 3, the lowest minutely pubescent,
the upper glabrous, except the uppermost longer than the sheaths ;
nodes densely hairy ; ligule a short dense row of whitish hairs ;
blades linear-lanceolate from a tapering base, acute, margined,
midrib conspicuous, lower face pubescent ; panicle springing from
the uppermost leaf-sheath which reaches to its base, lineai- or
narrowly lanceolate, dense, rhachis and branches pubescent,
branches alternate, erect or suberect, secondary branches suberect,
subsecund ; spikelets terminal, or sessile and shortly stalked in
pairs, lanceolate, membranous, yellowish-gi^een tinged with purple,
5 to 6 lines long; gl. I. ovate, blunt, conspicuously 3-nerved,
nearly half as long as gl. III. ; gl. II. elliptical nari'o\ving above
to a long linear blunt tip, conspicuously 3-nerved, exceeding gl. III.
which is elliptical narrowing above to a shortly acuminate blunt
hyaline apex, 5-nerved, pale flat, hyaline, enclosing a triandrous
(J flower; gl. IV. on a densely hairy callus, elliptical-ovate,
9-nerved, apex wdth 2 acute lobes, between which springs an awn
twice the length of the glume, the rounded back of the glume
bearing just below the middle line eight intervenal tufts of
whitish hairs ; pale ovate-lanceolate, the 2 veins bearing a cii-ci-
nately incurving keel below the middle line, flower $ , triandrous,
ovary glabrous.
Plants 3 ft. high, with a strong sympodial rhizome ; basal
sheaths 2 to 4.! in. long, the cauline 5 to 8 in., loosely enveloping
the stout, terete internode ; blades of basal leaves to 8 in. long
by over 4 lines broad, on the culms shorter. Panicle 8 to 10 in.,
and pi'obably longer, lower branches reaching 5 in. becoming
shorter upwards ; gl. I. about 21 lines long, sparsely pubescent
near the tip ; gl. II. 5 to 6 lines, glabrous ; gl. III. 41 lines,
the outei'most nerves falling short of the rest, the hyaline
apex nerveless, glabrous ; pale delicate, 4 lines ; gl. IV". about
31 lines, hairs of callus reaching to the origin of the dorsal
tufts, which themselves fall short of the tips of the lateral lobas,
the 3 central nerves passing into the base of the awn, the 3 lateral
into the lobe; awn 6 to 7 lines long, the pale subula slightly
exceeding the brown twisted column ; pale 3 lines long, anthers
brownish, 2^ lines, lodicules cuneate, between 1 and 1 line.
A very distinct species characterised by its greenish membranous
spikelets, triandrous flowers, tufted-hairy fertile glume and locally
keeled pale.
Huii-J.A. — A caespitose grass with habit of A retia, very much liked by
cattle. In rocky, thicket-grown pastures round the great Hippopotamus
lake (Ivautala) ; Feb. 18G0. No. 2633.
Tristachyci] xxvtii. gramine.e. 217
44. TRISTACHYA Nees ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1 161 .
1. T. biseriata 8tapf in Kew Bull. 1897, p. 295.
PiNGo Andonco. — Thicket-grown meadows near Sanaamanda :
Feb. 1857. No. 2792. Open sandy woods between Caghuy and San-
samanda ; April 1857. No. 7387.
2. T. Welwitschii Rendle sp. nov.
Perennial, culms robust, erect, sheathed at the base, cauline
iiiternodes 3, including a short lower one, 2 to 3 times as long as
the closely enveloping cylindrical sheaths ; ligule a dense row of
white hairs ; blades narrowly linear-lanceolate or linoar-tapering,
apex long drawn out, acute, faces roughly sti'iate; panicle
narrowly obovoid. branches ascending, purplish, each with one
triplet 10 to 11 lines long ; spikelets glabrous, gl. I. rigidly coria-
ceous, golden-yellow, narrowly triangular acute, 3-nerved, flat
with narrowly incurved membranous edges; gl. II. longer than
gl. I., narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, 3-nerved, margin incurved
at the lateral nerves, involute above ; gl. III. similar but shorter,
5-nerved above the middle, marginal nerve double, pale lanceolate,
about H as long as the glume ; gl. IV. on a short truncately
conical white-haired callus, oblong, 7-nerved, awn 2] in., kneed
below the middle, column twisted, pale linear, nerves strong,
closely i^arallel.
Plants 2|- to 3 ft. high, the lower part of the basal sheaths and
the lowest caulir^e node sparsely jjubescent, otherwise glabrous.
Leaves 5 to 14 in. long by 2 to 3 lines broad, ligule H line long.
Panicle 6 to 8^ in. long by 2 in. greatest width, branches 1 to
3f in. long, 3 to 7 at the lowest node, in pairs or solitary at the
next, solitary at the remaining two ; triplets 7 to 12. Gl. I. 8 to
8§ lines long, gl. II. 10 to 1 1 lines, gl. III. 9 lines, pale with
c^onspicuous green nerves and notched apex, anthers 3 lines;
gl, IV. on a short glabrous stalk ^ line long, callus 1 line, blade
4 lines to point of divergence of awns, the median itnd alternate
lateral nerves strong, the other four weak, lateral seta? }. in.
long; pale 3^ line, the strong nerves divei-ging below the rounded
emarginate tip, lodicules rather narrowly cuneate, .V line long,
ovary hairy on the top, style-arms hairy.
Near T. biseriata Stapf, but distinguished by its habit and
glabrous outermost glume.
HuiLi.A. — Thicket-grown sandy meadows in the Lopollo district :
April 1860. No. 2677.
3. T. inamoena K. 8chum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C, p. 109 (1895).
PuN(;() And<)N(;<^ — Aca;spitose erect grass 4 to .5 feet high. Plenti-
ful in Panda forests, near Condo : 3 March 1857. No. 7400-
Hrii.i.A. — Wooded meadows of Monino but plentiful in only one
locality, very rare elsewhere : April, May, 18()0. No. 2692.
4. T. huillensis Ptendle sp. nov.
Perennial with a slender ascending rhizome ; glabrous ; culms
densely csespitose, shortly stoloniferous at the ba.se, erect, clothed
below with the withered leaf-sheaths, cauline leaves 2, sheaths
^18 XXVIII. GRAMiNE.K. [Tvistachya
membranous, several times shorter than the much elongated
slender terete internodes ; ligule a dense row of veiy short whitish
hairs ; blades convolute, setaceous, erect, shorter than the inter-
nodes ; panicle subnutant, often subumbellate, branches slender,
wiry, flexuose, bearing 2 or 3 golden-brown spikelets Avhich are 5
lines long without the awn ; outer glumes equal, the length of the
spikelet, membranous and acuminate in the upper third, the
lower lanceolate, tuberculate and bi-istly on the lateral nerves,
the upper elliptical, glabrous; gl. III. elliptic-oblong, tapering
above to the minutely apiculate apex, 3-nerved, one or both lateral
nerves with a few small bi'istle-tubercles about the middle, fertile
gl. on a slender long-haired callus, involute, when flattened oblong
from a truncate base narrowing at the apex, 7-nerved, awn short,
geniculate at the base, springing between two short, triangular,
acute, membranous auricles ; pale narrow-linear, lodicules mem-
branous, subspathulate with triangular, dentate apex ; ovary
densely hairy above.
Specimen 2^ ft. high ; lower cauline leaf 5 to 7 lines long,
^ line in (Uameter. Panicle cai-ried fai- above the leaves, 2 to
2^ in. long, with 6 to 9 flower-heads, common pedicels 5 to 9
lines long, with clavate apex ; outer glumes 5 lines ; gl. III.
4i line long ; callus hairs below gl. IV. half the length of the
glume, which is scarcely 3^ lines long, colourless below, becoming
golden-yellow at the apex, the three parallel median nerves
passing into the awn-base, the lateral pairs into the auricles,
awn greenish-yellow, ?r in. long ; pale scarcely 3 lines.
A very distinct little species nearest to T. inamoena K. Schum.,
hut distinguished by habit, congested panicle, glabrous pedicels,
and shorter awns.
HuiLLA.— Damp meadows at Lake Ivantala ; Feb. 1860. No. 7501.
Tribe viii. ARUNDINEjE.
45. TRICHOON Roth in Roem. Arch. Botan. i. 3, p. 37 (1798).
Phragmites Trin. Fund. Agrost. p. 134 (1820), pro parte;
Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1179.
1. T. Phragmites.
Arundo Phragmites L. Sp. PI. 81 (1753). Phragmites commuv,-
tsTrin., I.e.; Steud. Svn. PI. Gram. p. 195 (1854). P. vulgaris
Crep. Man. Fl. Belg.'ed. ii. p. 345 (186G); Durand & Schinz,
Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 876.
Ami'.aca.— A grass tl to 10 feet high, with the habit of Arundo
D(i/Hfx, densely csespitose, glaucous green, with a woody tuberculed
rhizome. Flowers were sought in vain. Very plentiful near streams.
(Pamba, etc.) round Ngomba ; in fl. Oct. 1856. No. 7318-
PuN'Go Andongo.— Muta Lucala ; March 1857. No. 2802 (in part).
In gravel on dried-up rivers. Cuanza ; Nov. 1850. No. 2802c. The
following numbers with immature spikelets should probably be
included. A grass 8 to 15 ft. high, culms bristling below with spiny
sheaths. Plentiful near the banks of the river Cuanza ; Sansamanda,
Feb. 1857. No. 2802 (in part). A very high grass, 20 ft. and more.
Trichoo7i] xxviii. c;ramixe,e. 219
Marshes on Calemba Island ; one specimen in flower. March IS;")?.
No. 7397.
Benguella. — A reed-hke grass, 4 to 8 ft. high, with a rhizome creep-
ing horizontally for 30 ft. or more, leaves spinescent or pnngent,
remarkably social. Very plentiful in rather damp sandy places by the
banks of the river Cavado and Cotumbclla : June 1859. No. 2287-
MosSAMEDES. — Plentiful and forming dense reed-beds, in half dried-
up thickets near the banks of the river Bero ; by no means a friend
to travellers. Sparsely flowering ; July 18.o'J. No. 2386. Plentiful on
the banks of the river Maiombo, between Pedra do Rei and Pedra de
Sal ; Oct. 1859. No. 2285.
Tribe ix. CHLORIDE^E.
46. MICROCHLOA Pt. Br.; Benth. ikHook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1163.
1. M. setacea E. Br. Prodr. p. 208 (1810); Steud. Syn. PI.
Oram. p. 202 (1854) ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 856.
M. abyssinica Hochst. ex A. Eicli. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 404 (1851) ;
Steud., I.e.
PuxGo AxDoxGo. — Widely and densely casspitose, with erect culms
and very simple subfalcate spikes. On the spongy slopes of the more
lofty rocks near Pungo Andongo : in fl. Nov. 1856. No. 2742.
Gravelly places in the prassidium ; Jan. 1857. No. 2706. Rocky
places in the prajsidium ; Feb. 1857. Xos. 2799, 27996. Flowering
somewhat rarely, in rock-lissures at Pedras Negras ; April 1857.
No. 2810. Csespitose, with culms and leaves coriaceous rigidulous
suberect, spikes falcate greenish. On the banks of the great cataract
of Condo but not plentiful ; March 1867. No. 2807-
HuiLLA.— In the damp pastures of Empalanca ; April 18G0.
No. 2659.
Var. gracilis Rendle var. nov.
A slender elongated variety 1^ to 2 ft. high, with narrow
weakly setaceou.s plicate or subflattened leaves 2 to 3} in. long,
and gracefully curving spikes 6 to 8 in. long and scarcely exceed-
ing ^ line in width.
Pungo Andongo. — A very slender and elegant grass, 2 ft. high,
somewhat csespitose, a striking ornament of the somewhat damp
wooded meadows near Mutolo at Pedras de Guinga ; March 1857.
No. 2811.
2. M. ensifolia Rendle sp. nov.
Perennial, densely cfespito.se, the culms slender, ascending or
erect, densely covei-ed at the base with a growth of short, ascend-
ing, distichous, ensiform, blunt, stiffish, somewhat lleshy leaves
with a strong prominent white scabridulous midrib and margins
when young ; cauline internodes 3, very slender, ultimately half
as long again, or twice as long as the closely applied glabrous
sheaths ; nodes glabrous ; ligule a very short membranous
fimbriated ridge ; blades generally very short ; spike dense,
secund, arcuate, spikelets 1^ line long, lanceolate, acute, closely
resembling those of M. setacea ; barren glumes glabrous, 1 -nerved,
^1. I. elliptic-oblong, subacute, gl. II. oblong narrowing above to
the shortly apiculate apex, green with hyaline white margins ;
220 XXVIII. GRAMiNE^E. [Microchloa
fertile glume hyaline, truncately ovate, plicate, shortly mucronate,
nerves 3, hairy on the back, margins narrow, incurved at the lateral
nerves ; pale truncately lanceolate, apex retuse, nerves approxi-
mate, hairy on back ; anthers 3, pale yellow ; ovary glabrous.
Fully developed plants 8.1 in. high, densely leaved, culm-bases
li to 2 in. high, the sheaths short, compressed, and except the
outermost hidden by those below, not exceeding 2 lines long ;
blades ^ to '} in. long, the older ones becoming flattened and I^
line broad, cauline leaves linear, plicate, with shortly pungent
apex, rarely exceeding i in long; fully grown flowering culms
7 in. above the leaves. Spikes reaching 2f. in., scarcely exceeding
-^ line in width, rhachis glabrous. Spikelets whitish green in
dried specimens; gl. I. 1.', line long, whitish with green nerve,
gl. II. slightly longer (scarcely l-i line) fertile gl. 1 line, pale
slightly shorter, anthers a good ^V line.
The spike is that of J/, setacea, but the species is distinguished
by its broader ensiform leaves, which give it a very distinct habit.
PuNGo Andongo. — A grass lasting several years, widely ctespitose
like Cherkria sedoiden in rock-fissures, leaves somewhat fleshy becoming
pale on drying, spikes simple secund falcate. On the rocks of the
pra3sidium, but not often flowering ; Feb. 18^7. Xos. 2800, 2816.
Dec. 1856. No. 2763.
3. M. obtusiflora Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 565 (1849) ;
Steud., I.e. ; Durand & Schinz, I.e.
Var. minor Rendle var. nov.
A small form 3^ to 5 in. high, with slender flexuose hair-like
stem, basal leaves ^ to ^- in. long, \- line or less in width ; spike
less than 1 in. long.
HuiLLA. — Humpata plateau, where Welwitsch was attacked by
three lions ; end of Jan. 18()0. No. 2637.
47. CYNODON Pers. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1164.
1. C. Dactylon Pers. Syn. PI. i. p. 85 (1805) ; Steud. Syn. PI.
Gram. p. 212 (1854); Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 856.
C. glabratus Steud., I.e. ; Durand k. Schinz, I.e., p. 857.
Island of St. Vincen'I', Cape Verdk Is. — On short-grassed rather
dry slopes of Monte Verde ; Sept. 1853. No. 2924.
L(JANDA. — Capim dos caballos (horse hay). Perennial, with very
long stolons reaching 10 to 12 ft., rooting at the nodes. The most
pleasing of the few grasses of the littoral region which are liked by
cattle. Not plentiful enough on the low sunny sandy-clayey hills of
the Loanda district near Alto das Cruzes on the way from Maianga do
Povo ; May 1858. No. 7305. No. 7328 (no notes).
Bkngo.— Among herbage in the palm-groves on the river Bengo ;
plentiful but only in places inundated in winter ; Dec. 1853.
No. 7453.
GoLUNGO Alto. — Called by the Portuguese colonists Capim de
cavallos. A perennial strongly caespitose grass, with tough stolons
usually 5 to 8, sometimes 12 ft. long, spreading horizontally and root-
ing at the nodes, vegetating the whole year through. On poor rather
dry hills throughout the district, but not universal. The only kind of
Cynodoii] xxviii. gramine.e. 221
grass in the district which can be given without danger to horses.
About Sange ; in rather poor sunny locahties Dec. 1854, No. 7183 ;
beginning of Aug. 185r>, Xo. 2999 ; Feb. 1855, No. 2993 ; very plenti-
ful on dry or rather dry slopes in the Sange district and almost the
only fodder fit for horses, Nov. 1855. No. 7234.
PuNco Andongii.— Nos. 2866, 2879 (no notes).
MossAMKDKs. — A perennial stoloniferous grass, stolons rooting. A
terrible pest in plantations of cotton, etc. Too plentiful among crops
of mandioca, cotton and maize near San Jofio de Croque ; 2 Sept. 1859.
No. 2601. Growing sparsely in fields between Mossamedes and Giraul ;
July 1.S50. No. 2607.
Var. elegailS Rendle var. nov.
A graceful form with regular freijuent culms, erect from an
ascending base, densely clothed below witli xugidulous, erect,
slender, convolute, sparsely pubescent leaves ; spikes 4 to 5,
slender, suberect, deep purple.
Plants to 1 foot high ; leaves 1 to 2 in. ; spikes 1^ to 2 in.
long, by ?r to j line wide.
MossAMED?:s.— Colonial name Escalraz. A perennial very far
creeping rigidulous grass, much liked by cattle. Leaves narrow,
herbaceous green, erect and crowded, spikes 4, more rarely 5, dark
purple. Sandy thickets between Cavalheiros and Boca (Garganta) do
Rio Bero ; 22 Aug. 1859. No. 2290.
48. CAMPULOSUS Desv. in Nouv. Bull. Soc. Philom. ii.
p. 189 (1810).
Cteiduvi Panz. in Denksclir. Acad. Miinch, 1813, p. 288, t. 13
(1814) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1165.
1. C. elegans Gay ex Kunth Rev. Gram. p. 93 (1829) (Camjmloa).
Ctenium elegans Kunth, I.e. ; Steud. Syn. PI. Gram. p. 202
(1854) ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 859.
PuNGO Anddngo. — A very elegant widely ca^spitose grass ; culms
erect 2 to '6 ft. or higher, spike elongated, simple, straight or generally
falcate. Plentiful in rather damp meadows on the banks of the river
Cuanza near Sansamanda, not seen elsewhere in Angola ; end of April
1857. No. 2827. In a few places near Candumba, but very plen-
tiful between Sansamanda and Mopopo in damp meadows on the
river Cuanza ; beginning of May 1857. No. 2733.
49. ENTEROPOGON Nees ; Benth. :tri(.^. Plentiful in the clefts on the
higher rocks of the pra^sidium but very sparsely flowering ; in fl. and
immature fr. 18 Dec. \Sr,6. Xos. 2765, 2752. Plentiful in damp lofty
meadows of the prajsidium at Funda-Quilombo ; end of April 1857.
No. 2813. On the lofty rocks of Pedras de Guinga ; Jan. 1857. No. 7389-
52. DINEBRA Jacq. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1171.
1. D. arabica Jacq. Fragm. p. 77, t. 121, fig. 1 (1800—1809).
D. retrq/lexa Panz. in Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Miinch. 1813,
p. 270, t. 12 (1814) ; Steud. Syn. PI. Gram. p. 299 (1854) ; Durand
6 Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 865 ; var. hrevifolia Durand d-
Schinz, I.e. ; D. hrevifolia Steud. I.e.
LoANHA. — A laxly caespitose rigidulous annual branched from the
base, culms sometimes prostrate, sometimes ascending or obliquely
erect, 1 to 3 in. to U ft. long. Plentiful, but in a few localities, on
plains flooded in the rainy season between Loanda and Quicuxe ; 6 and
7 Feb. 1859. No. 2903. Here and there in rather damp AdauHonid
groves near Imbondeiro dos Lobos ; Feb. 1858. No. 7292. Sporadic
round drying-up ponds near Bemposta ; June 1858. No. 7292/'. Nos.
7338, 7483 (no information).
224 XXVIII. GRAMINE^. [DactljloCte7UUitl
53. DACTYLOCTENIUM Willd. Eimm. PI. Hoi-t. Berol. p.
1029 (1809).
Elemine Gaertn., Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1172, pro
parte.
1. D. aegyptiacum Willd., I.e. ; Steud. 8yii. PI. Gram. p. 212
(1854); Durand k, Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 868 {cegyptium).
SiKRKA Leone,— Sept. 1853. No. 2939.
Ambkiz.— Nov. 1853. Nos. 2899, 28996.
Lo.\NDA. — An annual csspitose remarkably social grass, forming
very elegant meadows everywhere in rather damp places ; culms some-
times prostrate but generally erect or oblique, branched, spikes 1- to 7-
digitate, greenish-yellow. Plentiful on grassy thicket-grown slopes
between Concei^ao and Boa Vista ; Jan. 1 859. No. 2911. Here and
there in the Represa de Luiz Gomes ; March 1854. No. 7308. Nos
7329, 7476 (no notes).
PuN(iO Andongo. — In meadows of the prsesidium ; Jan. 1857. No.
2705. In meadows near Quilanga ; May 1857. No. 2837- No. 2846
(no notes).
MossAMEDKS. — 1859. A fragment found with Eragrosttn rari(:(jssami;di;s.— 1859. Xo. 2302/'. A fragment of a stunted plant.
58. DIPLACHNE Beauv. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.
p. 1176.
1. D. paucinervis Stapf ined.
Dactylis pauchiervis Nees Fl. Afr. Austr. p. 429 (1841); Steud.
Syn. PI. Gram. p. 297 (1854) ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr.
V. p. 904.
MossA.MEDKS. — Perennial, stoloniferous, with ascending much
branched purplish culms, rigidulous glaucous subviscid leaves, con-
tracted spikes and the habit of Poa or Danthonia. Very plentiful and
excluding almost every other plant at the subsaline ponds between
Porto de Pinda and the mouth of the river Croque or Caroca ; 31 Aug.
1859. No. 2613.
59. TRIRAPHIS R. Br. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1177.
1. T. Pumilio R. Br. in App. Denh. & Clapp. Trav. Afr. p. 245
<1826) ; Steud. Syn. PI. Gram. p. 199 (1854).
T. nana Hack, in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xi. p. 403 (1890) ; Durand
& Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 871. Diplachne nana Nees Fl. Afr.
Austr. p. 259 (1841). Trisetum nanimi Steud., I.e., p. 227.
MosSAMEDES. — A somewhat csespitose grass, fixed in rather damp
sand by a few hair-like root-fibres. In sandy places on the river
Bero (or Rio das Mortes) nearMata dos Carpinteiros ; 1859. No. 2302.
2. T. Welwitschii Rendle sp. nov.
A small annual ; culms generally unbranched, csespitose, with
3 to 4 internodes, exposed portion below the panicle sparsely
pilo.se ; leaf -sheaths striate, tuberculate-pilose, completely covering
or slightly shorter than the internodes ; ligule repi-esented by a
thin row of short hairs, sometimes obsolete ; blade flat, linear,
tapering to a subaristate apex, scabridulous and glabrous or
sparsely tuberculate-pilose dorsally at the base ; panicle somewhat
lax, lateral branches short, spreading, ascending or suberect,
solitary or fastigiate, spikelets terminal on the branchlets or
shortly stalked, many-flowered, a deep wine-red, becoming brown ;
barren glumes slightly unequal or subequal, membranous, 1-nerved,
glabrous, the lower often shorter, ovate, tapering to a shortly
aristate apex, the upper narrowly oblong, the apex more or less
tridentate with the median tooth shortly awned ; flowering glumes
slightly shorter than gl. II., with short slender shortly hairy callus,
lanceolate to oval-lanceolate, 3-nerved, the median awn generally
slightly exceeding the glume springing from between two short
hyaline lobes, lateral awns about J shorter, hyaline margins
sparsely villous from above the base upwards; pale slightly
shorter, narrow linear-oblong, glabrous, compressed.
Plants 6 to 1 1 in. high ; the bases of the culms with their loo.se
228 xxvTii. GRAMiNE.E. [IVirapMs
sheaths and leaves reddish. Leaf -sheaths 1 to 1^ in. long, or the
lowermost shorter, the ascending or suberect blades except the
shorter ones at the base of the culm, 1,^ to 3^. in. long from
scarcely 1 to 2 lines broad. Panicle half the height of the plant,
more or less oblong tapering at the base ; spikelets reaching I in.,
but generally shorter, with 8 to 9 or fewer flowers ; barren glumes
about n line long, or the lower sometimes perceptibly shorter^
1^ line; flowering glumes membranous with 3 strong nerves, the
lowest 1;V to 1} line long not including the awns.
Near T. Elliotii Eendle, but distinguished by its larger laxer
panicle with smaller spikelets and glumes, and pilose habit.
MossAMEDES. — Plentiful in sandy places by the river Bero near
Cavalleiros ; July and Aug. 1859. No. 2600.
60. CENTOTHECA Desv. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.
p. 1190.
1. C. lappacea Desv. in Nouv. Bull. Soc. Philom. ii. p. 189
(1810) ; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 56 (1849) ; Steud. Syn. PL
Gram. p. 116 (1854).
Prince's Island. — In the more lofty woods of Pico de Papagaio :
Sept. 1853. No. 2928.
61. ENTOPLOCAMIA Stapf in Fl. Capens. vii. p. 318 (1898).
1. E. benguellensis Rendle sp. nov.
Apparently perennial and caBspitose, culms ascending, ultimately
erect, geniculate, branching at the base ; nodes dark, glabrous ,
cauline internodes 3 to 4, glabrous, terete, except the lowest
exceeding the shoit loose membranous .sheaths which are sparsely
pilose at the mouth only ; ligule a .short row of hairs ; blades
rigidulous, subpatent, linear-tapering, acute, flat or incurved,
glabrous except for a few hairs on the upper face at the base ;
inflorescence of a few spikelets sessile on the main rhachis, which
in one case bears a lateral branch ; spikelets ovate, densely many-
flowered, di.stichous, compressed ; glumes coriaceous, the lower 4
barren, 3- to 7-nerved, ovate-lanceolate to broadly ovate, increas-
ing in size and strength upwards, strongly cuspidate, keels scab-
ridulous, margin ciliate, especially near the base ; fertile glumes
broadly ovate, with a strong broad-margined ventricose base, and a
subtruncate strongly cuspidate apex, strongly T-nei-ved, 9 -nerved
below the apex, margins hyaline and ciliate especially near the
ba.se ; pale hyaline, large, flat, narrow-lanceolate, blunt, the
broad edges inflexed at the well-marked ciliate keels, a little
shorter than the glume ; anthers long, linear ; styles long,
plumose, projecting from between the cusps of the glumes.
Plants small, culms reaching 1 ft, high and f, line in diameter ;
leaf-sheaths |^ to barely 1 in. long, blades scarcely exceeding 2 in.
long by 2 lines in width at the base, jointed to and ultimately
separating from the sheath. Inflorescence \\ in. long by scarcely
f in. broad ; spikelets about | in. long by i broad, the majority
contorted above the middle (probably from the attack of an insect).
iJntoplocamia] xxviii. gramine.e. 229
Lowest baiTen gl. 3-nerved, 2 lines long, second 5-nerved, 2;^ line ;
the next pair intermediate in form between the former and the
flowering glumes, 7-nerved, 2^ lines long; fertile gls. 3 to 3^ lines
long, pale 2^ to 3 lines ; anthers 2 lines long.
Near E. aristulata {I'etrachne aristidata Hack. & Kendle,
recently separated as a distinct genus by Dr. Stapf), but a far
less robust plant with denser many-flowered spikelets and less
rigid glumes.
MosSAMEDHS. — On sandy rocky hills near Quipola in the Mossamedes
■district ; June 1851>. No. 2306.
Tribe x. PAPPOPHORE.E.
G2. ENNEAPOGON Desv. ex Beauv. Agrost. p. 81 (1812).
Pappophoruni Sehreb., Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1174,
|)i'o pai'te.
1. E. abyssinicum.
Pappophormn abyssinicum Hochst. in Flora xxxviii. p. 202
(1855); Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 869.
Ambriz.— Nov. 1853. No. 2897-
LoANDA. — A cjBspitose annual with plane flaccid leaves, ascending
branched culms H to 2| ft. high, and panicled silky-shining spikes. In
sandy plains between Penedo and Concei^ao ; Jan. 1859. No. 2916.
Plentiful among stones on the roads right in the city of Loanda,
growing with Botrhinrin and Amarantacete : Dec. 1858. No. 7293.
Palm groves on Loanda island, near Museque de Luiz Gomes, grow-
ing in dense masses and covering wide areas : April 1854. No. 7332.
Dry stony heights near Cacuaco ; Dec. 1853. No. 7343 (in part).
Among herbage in palm groves by the river and on the banks of the
river Bengo near Porto Rei ; Dec. 1853. Nos. 7332?*, 7448.
MossAMKDKS. — Growing in crevices of rocks on the mountains
(apparently gneiss) near the mouth of the river Bero along with P,io
d'Oleo {Adina wicrocejihahi Hiern) ; 22 Aug. 1859. No. 2291. In
coarse sand near the banks of the Bero from Quipola to Mata de
€arpinteiros ; July, Aug. 1859. No. 2304.
The plants show considerable variation in the actual and
relative size of the barren glumes, which have 3 main nerves, the
outer being imperfectly 4- to 6-nerved. The colour of the dense
panicle varies from a pale lucent straw-colour to cinereous, and the
length from 1 to 8 in. The leaves are flat and narrow-linear, to
2.V lines broad at the base, tapering to a long acuminate setiform
apex, or narrower becoming more or less convolute and setaceous.
2. E. pusillum Rendle sp. nov.
A minute acaulescent annual forming small tussocks about
1 in. or less aci-oss, and i to J in. high, sparsely pubescent, leaves
short, densely crowded, enveloping the small much reduced
panicles ; outermost sheaths broad, mai'kedly striate ; ligule a short
row of hairs ; blade convolute, setaceous, except in the outer-
most leaves exceeding the sheath ; panicle few-flowered, spikelets
shortly stalked ; barren glumes membranous iind liyaline except
the green nerves, sparsely pilose, subcompressed, the outer
•elliptical-lanceolate, obtuse, sometimes minutely apiculate, in com-
230 xxviii. (JRAMiNE.t. [Enneapogon
pletely 5 -nerved to about the middle, 1 -nerved to the tip, the
inner slightly longer, lanceolate, 3-nerved nearly to the tip, with
two intermediate nerves to about the middle, apex irregularly
obtuse ; fertile glume cuneate-orbicular, densely cilia te on the back,
setse slender, plumose to below the middle, longer than the glume
proper ; pale bicarinate, keels and mai'gin haiiy in the upper two-
thirds; gl. IV. short, truncate, with setaj longer in proportion,^
pale very short ; gl. V. rudimentaiy.
Sheaths about \ in. long, blades h in. Panicle i in. or less,
with 6 or fewer fertile spikelets. Gl. I. 1^ to 2 lines long, gl. II.
14 to 2i line, gl. III. 21 to 2^ lines, scarcely 1 line without the
setie, pale 1 line, gl. IV. 2 lines, less than \ line without the setse.
A very distinct little plant, recalling in habit E. hrachystachyum
(Jaub. & Spach), but differing in the much reduced hidden
panicle, lanceolate barren glumes, etc.
MossAMEDES. — A dwarf grass growing in cushions, fixed by its
capillary roots in the hardened sand (trap), subglaucous. Dry sand-
hills by the Atlantic near Giravil ; July 1859. Nos. 2281, 2883.
3. E. benguellense Rendle sp. nov.
A small apparently annual tufted minutely pubescent plants
culms geniculate, much branched, spreading and ascending ;.
lower leaf -sheaths short, broad, loose, the uppermost narrower,
lowermost leaf-blades obsolete, upper narrowly linear, tapering,
acute ; ligule reduced to a short row of hairs ; panicle small,
veiy dense, ellipsoidal to ovoid, spikelets shortly stalked, greenish ;
barren glumes subequal, covering the fertile, membranous with
conspicuous green nerves, compressed, elliptical when flattened,
subobtuse, sparsely pilose, the lower 7- the upper 5-nei'ved ; fertile
gl. densely covered with short white haix's, shortly obcuneate
from a truncate base when opened, teeth subulate, glabrous,
rather longer than the blade ; pale oblong, nerves ciliate ; gl. IV.
smaller, teeth more than twice the length of the glume, enclosing
a (J flower, third floret represented by a small trifui-cate rudiment.
Plants 3 to 8 in. high ; leaf -sheaths conspicuously striate,
especially the lower, ^ to 1 in. long ; leaves to If in. long by 1
line broad. Panicle ^ to 1 in. long by i to ^ in. in diameter,
spikelets 1| line long. Barren glumes 5- or 7-nerved to within a
short distance of the 3-nerved apex, the lower 1 j line long, the
upper slightly shorter ; gl. III. including the teeth barely 1 ^ line
long, gl. IV. 1 line.
A very distinct species.
MossAMEDES. — Sandy places on the river Bero near Mata dos Car-
pinteiros ; Aug. 185'J. No. 2303. Sandy places on the banks of the
Bero and even in the river, near Quipola ; past flowering. June 18G0.
No. 2304.
63. ANTOSCHMIDTIA Steud. Syn. PI. Gram. p. 199 (in note)
(1854).
Schmidtia Steud. in Schmidt Fl. Cap. Verd. Ins. p. 144 (1852);
Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1175.
Antoschmidtia]
XXVIII. GRAMINK.
231
1. A. pappophoroides Boiss. Fl. Or. v
A. quinqaeseta Boiss. I.e. ; Schviidtia
Schmidt, I.e., p. 145, Syn. PI. Graii;..
C'Onsp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 871. aS'. quinque
liiern in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2. ii.
Schinz, I.e.
Ambriz.— Nov. 1853. No. 2889.
Luanda. — Dry stony heights near Cat'::
(in part). 1853-4. Nos. 7358, 7358/^. N-
MossAMEDES. — Plentiful in sandy soil ( ;
from the ocean ; Aug. ISoO. No. 2604.
on the river Caroca (now almost dried wy •
lakes ; Sept. 1859. No. 2603.
The specimens show considerable v.i:
plant, in the size of the glumes, both ban
length of the setpe on the flowering gi
and breadth of the leaves and the anion i
however, find specific diiferences.
p. 559 (1884).
pappophoroides Steud. in
Le. Durand & Schinz,
eta Benth. ex Ficalho &
[>. 31 (1881) ; Durand &
.:o ; Dec. 1853. No. 7343
. 2909, 7479 (no notes).
rlie river Bero at a league
11 rather damp sandy soil
iiear Cabo Negro and the
lation even in the same
n and flowering, and the
'uies ; also in the length
r of hairiness. I cannot,
Tribe xi. ORYZj
64. ORYZA L. ; Benth. & Hook, f
1. 0. sativa L. Sp. PL p. 333 (1751
Fl. p. 557 (1849) ; Steud. Syn. PL Gr t;*
Schinz, Consp. FL Afr. v. p. 788.
0. punetata Kotschy ex Steud., I.e., ]>.
GoLUNGO Alj'o.— Cultivated on all siic
and often found subspontaneous in plact -
de Mussengue : Jan. 185G. No. 7220.
PuN'Go Axdongo. — In stagnant watei
4 to 6 ft., erect or oblique, rhachis flexi: ■
streams and large pools between Condo ,<
right bank of the river Cuanza ; March l.'- ■
Welwitsch in Apont. p. 540 refers to t'p
" Regio Alto-plana," where extensive vai't
duction. The following specimens occur u
rice of 1858, 1099 ; and Quilimane rice of !
65. HOMALOCENCHRUSMiegex i
(1768).
Leersia Sw. Proch-. p. 21 (1788); Bcn^
p. 1117.
1. H. hexandrus O. K. Rev. Gen. Pi.
Leersia hexandra Sw., I.e. ; Steud. Syi
Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. '<
GoLUNGo Ai/r(X — In marshy wooded pi i
river Cuango growing along with Pi/cri
Cyperaceae ; 8 Jan. 1855. No. 2996.
PuNGO Andongo. — A grass usually 5 to
immersed culms, upper portion 1 to H I'i
In very deep ponds near the banks of tli.
manda as far as Condo, but rather rare .
Gen. PLiiLp. 1116.
; Benth. in Hook. Niger
I. p. 3 (1854) ; Durand &
.3.
- in Sobato de Mussengue,
■ lice cultivated. Caminho
I sluggish streams ; culms
-i^'. awns very scabrid. In
II I Calemba Island on the
:. No. 7385.
cultivation of rice in the
IS are devoted to its pro-
i Coll. Caui'. Inhambane
HGO, 1100, rose-scented.
ialL Stirp. Helv. ii. p. 201
ii.& Hook. f. Gen. PL iii.
|.. 777 (1891).
1. PL Gram. p. 2 (1854);
89.
< s on the right bank of the
Mundti' Nees and other
S ft., with graceful floating
immersed and flowering.
river Cuanza from Sansa-
iO April 1857. No. 2730.
232 XXVIII, GRAMixE^. [llomalocenchrus
A lax but very widely csespitose grass common in marshy wooded
places between Condo and Quisonde ; March 1857. No. 2834. A grass
3 ft. and higher, with graceful creeping culms, the flowering ones
ascending. Grows sparingly in grassy swamps between Condo and
Quisonde ; middle of March 1857. No. 7394.
Tribe xii. ERAGROSTEyE.
66. POGONARTHRIA Stapf in Fl. Capens. vii. p. 316 (1898).
1. P. falcata.
Leptochloa falcata Hack, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iii. p. 386 (1895).
LoANDA. — Generally an annual, densely casspitose, culms erect \h or
2 ft. high, spikes and spikelets remarkably stiff. Plentiful in sandy
plains throughout the whole district. Museque de Luiz Gomes ; May
1858. No. 7287. 1853-4. No. 7367-
Barra no BENGO.^An annual erect widely csespitose rigid grass.
In thicket-grown sandy somewhat wooded places between Quicuxe and
Cacuaco ; end of May 1858. No. 7287^.
PuNGO Andongo. — Plentiful in sandy soil on the road-sides between
Lombe and Quibinda, in dry and rather damp places ; March 1857.
No. 7408.
Huii.i.A. — In sandy thickets on the edges of woods between Lopollo
and Monino ; end of March 1860. No. 7487.
67. ERAGROSTIS Beauv.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.
p. 1186.
Sect. 1. — Cataclastos.
1. E. aspera Nees Fl. Afr. Austr. p. 408 (1841) ; Steud. Syn. PI.
Gram. p. 272 (1854) ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 879.
GOLUNGO Alto. — A very elegant erect grass, 1 to 2J ft. high, with
tremulous spikelets sometimes green sometimes a beautiful violet
colour. In rich soil interspersed with sand in places once cultivated
by the banks of the river Cuango near Sange ; June and beginning of
July 1855. No. 7245.
PuNGO Andongo ?—Nos. 2857/a 2862 (no information).
HuiLLA. — Plentiful in fields after cultivation of -msAZQuni. Sorghum,
in the Lopollo district ; April 1860. No. 7494.
2. E. ciliaris Link Hort. Berol. i. p. 192 (1827); Benth. in
Hook. Niger Fl. p. 567 (1849); Steud., I.e., p. 265; Durand ^'.
Schinz, I.e., p. 881.
LoANDA.— Quinta de Luiz Gomes ; May 1854. No. 7460 (in part).
Nos. 7461-3, 7465 (no notes). Near S. Pedro and on the way thence
to Maianga do Povo ; beginning and middle of Jan. 1858. No. 7466.
1853-4. Nos. 7373 (in part), 7374.
GoLUNGo Alto. — No. 7260 (no notes).
PuNGO Andongo.— Candumba ; Jan. 1857. No. 2703.
3. E. caniflora Rendle sp. nov.
Annual, csespitose, culms and leaf -shoots surrounded at the base
by membranous withering leaf-sheaths, culms a foot or less in
height enveloped to within a short distance of the panicle by the
.sheaths which are subcompressed, .stramineous, glabrous ; ligule a
Eragrostis] xxviii. gramine.e. 233
membranous line ; blade Hat, narrowly linear-lanceolate, acumi-
nate, pilose on both faces, suberect ; panicle small, dense, oblong,
nodes pilose, ])ranches ascendo-patent, branched from the base
upwards ; spikelets dark purple, small, 3-flowered, covered with
white hairs, subcompressed, ovate, pedicels generally longer than
the spikelet, slender, purplish, glandular a little below the spikelet ;
rhachis jointed below each flower ; barren glumes large, reaching
above the middle of the spikelet, subequal, lanceolate, acute,
1 -nerved ; fertile glumes membranous, elliptical, apex truncate,
broken and ciliate, lateral nerves complete ; pale slightly shorter,
the inflexed margins and upper portion of back ciliate, keels well-
marked, minutely scabridulous in the upper half, back elliptical
when flattened, apex truncate and densely ciliate ; stamens 3.
The plants, all of which are young, are 1 ft. or less in height,
with the internodes (7 in number) covered with the overlapping
sheaths ; the leaf-blades reach 3 in. in length by barely 2 lines in
width. Panicle 2 in. long by ^ in. in diameter, branches f in. or
less ; spikelets scarcely exceeding 1 line in length, slightly less in
l^readth. Barren glumes about 1 line long, fertile glumes scarcely
1 line, anthers a good i line.
Near E. hispida K. Schum., which however differs in its longer
narrower leaves, more diffiise dull green panicle with larger
spikelets, and the long-ciliate scabrid keels of the pales.
HuiLLA.— Wet pastures by the river Monino ; April 1860. No. 2698.
4. E. annulata Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1891, p. 72.
Var. major Rendle var. nov.
Differs from the type in its broader oblong-lanceolate to ovate
spikelets, which are also generally more shortly stalked and only
occasionally show the characteristic annular gland. Spikelets
2 to 4 lines long by about 1] line broad.
MossAMEDEs. — In sandy places on the banks of the river Bero, near
Cavalheiros ; July and Aug. 1859. No. 2298.
5. E. tenella Beauv. ex Roem. ct Schult. Syst. ii. p. 576(1817).
Var. viscosa Stapf in Fl. Brit. Ind. vii. p. 315 (1896).
E. viscosa Trin. in Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. Petersb. Ser. 6. i. p. 397
(1830); Steud., I.e., p. 265; Durand & Schinz, Z.c, p. 891. E.
retinwrhcta Steud., I.e., p. 268.
PuNCio Andoxco. — A beautiful grass, annual, erect, si^arsely branched,
spikelets purplish. Here and there in sandy thickets between Bumba
and Condo : March 1857. No. 7415. No. 2877 (no notes).
HuiLLA. — In places ■once cultivated and in fields behind maize
plantations near LopoUo ; May 1860. No. 2697.
Var. compacta Stapf ined.
LoANDA. — No. 7478. A monstrous form.
HuiLLA. — Plentiful in fields where Zea -\fays is cultivated, near
JLopollo and Nene ; May 1860. No. 2635.
6. E. interrupta Beauv. Agrost. p. 162 (1812).
Var. namaquensis Durand & Schinz, I.e., p. 884.
E. namaquensis Nees ex Schrad. in Linnsea xii. p. 452 (1838),
234 ■ XXVIII. GRAMiNE^. [Eragrostis
Fl. Afr. Austr. p. 408 (1841); Steud., I.e., p. 272. Catabrosa
micrantha Hochst. ex A. Kich. Tent. Fl. Aby.ss. ii. p. 426 (1851).
Poa sjioroboloides A. Eich., I.e.
Ambaca. — In damp sandy places between Ambaca and Zamba ;
17 Oct. 1856. No. 2745.
LoANDA. — Very plentiful by dried-up ponds near Quiciixe (Represas
pequenas do Sr. Ricardo) and hitherto only found in that place ; July
1854. No. 7291.
GoLUNGo Alto? — No. 2970 (no information).
HuiLLA. — By the stream (now almost dried up) of MumpuUa, but
growing very sparsely ; Oct. 185'.). No. 2658.
MossAMEDES.— In sandy places on the river Maiombo, growing with
a species of Amndn, culm erect, 8 to 5 ft. high ; Oct. 1859. No. 2305.
A rigidulous grass with chestnut-coloured spikes and culms somewhat
branched at the base. Rather rare in damp sandy places on the river
Bero (named Bocca [mouth] or Garganta do Rio Bero), July 1859 ;
and in swampy places on the river Caroca, Sept. 1859. No. 2599. An
annual Aim-like grass rather rare about the lakes near S. Joie de
Caroca, Cabo Negro ; Sept. 1859. Coll. Carp. 1105.
Sect. 2. — Pteroessa.
7. E. amabilis Wight & Arn. ex Nees in Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beech. Voy. p. 251 (1841); Steud., I.e., p. 265.
E. unioloides Nees ex Steud., I.e., p. 264; Durand & Schinz,.
I.e., p. 891.
PuxGO Andongo. — An annual about a span high, laxly ca3spitose,.
slender, elegant ; culms filiform, ascending, spikelets somewhat
flattened ; whitish, Brizon"go. — In sparse-grassed rocky thickets between Catete
and Luxillo ; 28 April 1857. No. 2735. In rather damp sandy
thickets near Luxillo ; April 1857. No. 2734. In sandy thickets near
Cazella and on the banks of the river Lutete ; April 1857. No. 2818.
40. E. guingensis Rendle sp. nov.
Csespitose apparently perennial with a strong slender woody
rhizome ; culms tall .slender, erect, terete, glabrous, springing
from a tuft of slender erect convokite almost acicular sparsely
scabridulous-hairy leaves, surrounded at the base by the withered
sheaths ; panicle elongated, strict, branches subdistautly alternate,
erect, bearing the flattened ovate to elliptic-ovate purplish-green
subsessile 8- to 11 -flowered .spikelets or reduced branchlets from a
short distance from the base upwards, rhachis articulate between
each flower ; glumes spreading, the barren generally slightly
shorter than the fertile, subequal, ovate-lanceolate, acute, keels
scabridulous with strong apex, imperfectly 3-nerved, lateral
nerves weak ; fertile glumes subcoriaceous, ovate-acute, lateral
nerves well-marked in the lower half ; pale slightly shorter, keels
prominent, shortly scabridulous, back narrowly elliptical when
flattened, apex truncate.
Plants reaching about 2 ft. high ; culms with 3 internodes, the
lowest very short (^ in.), the median 2 in. or less, the uppermost
very much elongated and bearing the infloi-escence, the 2 lower
enveloped by the narrow cylindrical sheaths, pilose at the mouth
only ; ligule a very short hairy lidge, blades reaching 6 in. in
length rarely exceeding I line in thameter. Panicles reaching
15 in. long, by ^ to 1 in. broad • lower branches 2^ to 3^ in. long ;
spikelets |- to i'in. long by 2 to 2] lines broad; barren glumes 1]
line long, fertile glumes H- line; anthers purplish-brown f; line.
Near E. Jlavicans Welw. but distinguished by its narrow
acicular leaves and longer strictly branched panicle.
PuNGO Andongo. — A strictly erect grass with the habit of Pna,
2 ft. high, growing sparsely in rock-crannies at Pedras de Guinga ;
Jan. and March 1857. Nos. 7407, 7414. No. 2865 (no notes).
Var. egregia Rendle var. nov.
Plants 3 to 4 ft. high, with flattened linear or convolute leaves
over a foot in length and reaching 2 lines in breadtli ; panicle
immature, over l\ ft. long, resembling that of the type but on a
larger scale.
Perhaps a distinct species but the spikelets are insufiiciently
developed for description.
PuNGO Andongo.— A grass 3 to 4 ft. high, growing caespitosely in
the rocks of Pedras de Guinga and near Calundo, which consist of
sandy black very hot schist ; Jan. and March 1857. No. 2759.
Specific determination is impossible in the case of the following
numbers, as the inflorescence is immature.
Eragrostis] xxviii, gramine.-k. 255
GoLUNGO Alto?— No. 7222 (no information).
PuNGO Andongo? — No. 2840 (no information).
HuiLLA. — In herb-grown woods between Eme and Ivantala ; Feb.
1860. No. 7503.
Tribe xiii. FESTUCEuE.
68. FESTUCA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 1198.
1. F. abyssinica Hochst. in Flora xxiv. Intell. i. p. 20 (1841)
(nomen) ; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 432 (1851).
Var. acuta Rendle var. nov.
Panicle stricter than in the type with slightly narrower barren
glumes and shortly stalked flowering glumes.
HuiLLA. — Wooded meadows between Monino and Lake Ivantala, on
the way to Quipungo in thicket-grown pastures ; Feb. 1860. No. 2630-
Tribe xiv. HORDE.E.
69. LOLIUM L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1202.
1. L. temulentum L. Sp. PL p. 83 (1753).
Var. leptochseton A. Br. in Flora xvii. p. 252 (1834).
Var. sjjeciosum Coss. in Coss. & Dur. Expl. Sci. Alger, ii. p. 195.
Var. muticum Boiss. Fl. Orient, v. p. 681 (1884). L. speciosum
Stev. in M. Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc. i. p. 80 (1808).
MossAMEDES. — Vulgar name loio. Not yet plentiful among
cultivated cereals and without doubt originally introduced with these.
Cavalheiros ; Aug. 18f)9. No. 2617.
70. TRITICUM L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 1204.
1. T. sativum Lam. Fl. Franc, iii. p. 625 (1778), Encycl. Meth.
ii. p. 554 (1786) ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 939.
T. vulgare Vill. Hist. PL Dauph. ii. p. 153 (1787); Steud. Syn.
PL Gram. p. 341 (1854).
PuNGO Andongo. — Cultivated on the banks of the river Miege
near Caghuy ; 25 Feb. 1857. No. 2778.
71. HORDEUM L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1206.
1. H. vulgare L. Sp. PL p. 84 (1753).
Var. tetrastichum Ka?rn. Handb. Getreid. i. p. 147 (1885);
Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 942.
HuiLLA. — Cultivated by the colonists of Lopollo ; in fr. May 1860.
No. 2693.
MossAMEDES. — Cultivated at Cavalheiros; Aug., Sept. 1859. No. 2623.
Tribe xv. PHARE.E.
I'l. OLYRAL. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 1110.
1. 0. latifolia L. Syst. ed. x. p. 1261 (1759); Benth. in Hook.
Niger Fl. p. 558 (1849).
0. hrevifolia Sebum, in Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. iv. p. 176 (1829) ;
256 XXVIII. GRAMINE.E. [Oli/rcc
Benth., ^.c. 0. pawicztZato Sw. Observ. p. 347 (1791) ; Steud Syn
PI. Gram. p. 35 (1854).
Prince's Island.— Pico de Papagaio at about 1200 ft. ; Sept. 1853.
No. 29326.
Sierra Leone.— Sept. 1853. No. 2938.
GoLUNGo Ai.TO. — A high climbing grass, 12-15 spans and more, with
a hollow culm, marked in its lower part with dark purple transverse
rings. Everywhere by streams in dense thickets on the slopes of the
mountains of Alta Queta ; in fr. 31 Dec. 1854. No. 2998. A fine
grass, climbing widely among thickets ; anthers purple very caducous.
In thick damp woods, by streams, Queta mountains : in fl. March
185G. No. 7236. No. 7175 (no information).
73. LEPTASPIS R. Br. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1 1 1 0.
1. L. cochleata Thw. Enum. PI. Zeyl. p. 357 (1864).
L. conchifera Hack, in Bolet. Soc. Broter. v. p. 211. t. G. fig. A.
(1887) ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 788.
Island of St. Thomas. — In very shady places with Marattia on
Mt. Caff^ ; Dec. 1860. No. 2887.
Prince's Island — In the dried up bed of streams on the higher
parts of Pico de Papagaio, but rather rare ; Sept. 1853. No. 2925.
Golungo Alto. — A grass 3 to 4 ft. high, almost a shrub, with bug-
like violet-purple spikelets. Leaves papery, dry, hard. In very thick
and primaeval forest by streamlets dried up in summer on the
mountains of Alto Queta ; Dec. 1854. No. 2997. No. 7218 (no in-
formation ).
74. PHYLLORACHIS Tiimen : Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.
p. 1108.
1. P. sagittata Trimen in Jouz-n. Bot. xvii. p. 353, t. 205 (1879) ;
Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 787.
PuNGO Andongo. — Sandy woods on the larger island of Calemba,
river Cuanza ; March 1857. No. 7399.
Tribe xvi. B A MB USE. E.
75. OXYTENANTHERA Munro ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen.
PI. iii. p. 1211.
1. 0. abyssinica Munro in Tran.s. Linn. Soc, xxvi. p. 127
(1868); Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 945.
Bambitsa ahyssinica A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 439 (1851) ;
Steud. Syn. PI. Gram. p. 330 (1854).
PuNGO Ani)oN(;o. — Culms unarmed, 25 to 30, more rarely 40 or
50 ft. high, gregarious, glaucous-pruinose, lA to 3 in. in diameter at
the base. Rather plentiful near rivers in the primitive woods
between Pungo Andongo and Candumba, near Mangue, Mutollo,
Candnmba, etc. In immature fr. end of Mar. 1857. No. 1134. The
tops of a flowering culm 22 ft. high, leafless, and clothed only with
very large coriaceous broadly mucronate sheaths. In dense woods on
the river Quiambungo ; end of March 1857. No. 2803. In woods
near Candumba ; March 1857. Coll. Carp. 1109. See also Welw.
Synops. Explic. p. 38 (1862).
Graminea indet] ■ xxviii. gramine^. 257
Graminea indet.
PuNGO AxDOXGO.— A perennial. On the rocks of the pra3sidium ;
April 1857. No. 7401.
In absence of inflorescence it is impossible to determine the
genus of the above specimen.
Planta indet.
In absence of adequate material it is impossible to determine
even the natural order of the following : —
PuNGO Andoxgo. — ? Orchidea. ? Aroidea. ? Liliacea. A small
bulbous herb, bulb ovate-conical solid, leaves somewhat fleshy, petioles
sheathing and spotted with red at the base, blade cordate-ovate, sub-
coriaceous, shining. Rather rare in clayey thickets near Luxillo ;
without fl. Dec. 1856. Plentiful in light thicket-grown woods near
the praesidium, but from Oct. 1856 to June 1857 never seen in flower.
No. 740.
Addendum (see p. 84).
Hyphaene benguellensis Welw. Synops. Expl. p. 40 (1862).
Hyphaene sp. Welw. Apont. p. 545 (1859).
MossAMEDES. — Mateba. Coll. Carp. 1055. A fibre specimen.
GYMNOSPEEMS.
I. GNETACEiE.
1. TUMBOA Welw. in Gard. Chron. 26 Jan. 1861, p. 75.
Welwitschia Hook. f. in Gard. Chron. 25 Jan. 1862, p. 71;
Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 418 (1880).
1. T. Bainesii Hook. f. in Gard. Chron. 16 Nov. 1861, p. 1008.
T. strobilifera Welw. ex Hook. f. in Gard. Chron. 1862, I.e.
Welwitschia mirabilis Hook. f. in Gard. Chron. 1862, ^.c, in Trans.
Linn. Soc. xxiv. p. 7, tt. 1-14 (1863) ; Pari, in DC. Prodr. xvi.
pt. 2. p. 360 (1868); Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 948.
MossAMEDES. — On a great plain about 350 ft. above the sea between
Rio Caroca and Praia da Amelia, and growing plentifully and
gregariously on the high stony coarse sandy plain at 350 ft. elevation
between Cabo Negro and Mossamedes ; in fl. and fr. Sept. 1859.
No. 1223.
2. GNETUM L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 419.
1. G. africanum Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 73 (1869) ;
Dui'and & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. p. 948.
Gnetum sp. Welw. Apont. p. 545 (1859).
GoLUNGO Alto. — A slender high-climbing shrub, supported by its
twining stem and spreading-reflexed branches ; leaves edible and
chewed. Called everywhere by the negroes N-coco. Sporadic in the
primaeval woods of Serra de Alto Queta, somewhat rarely met with
owing to the leaves being eaten every year by the negroes. Near
Cacuso ; in bud 8 Oct. 1855 ; growing sparsely by the higher dense
thickets near the upper road to Capopa ; in fl. beginning of Feb. 1850.
No. 1224. In very dense and shady woods of Serra de Alto Queta ;
in plentiful fl. Jan. 1856. No. 1225- A narrow-leaved form.
INDEX OF GENERA.
Atildgaardia, 122.
Acriuius, 132.
Acrospira, .50.
Adenotheca, 48.
A'erangis, 8.
A'eranthiis, 9, 11.
AgrostU, 207.
Aibuca, 57.
Allium, 56.
Aloe, 44.
Aiuomum, 20.
Amorpho2Jhallus, 86.
Ananas, 25.
Anatherum, 152.
Anchomanes, 87.
Andro2iog(»i, 150, 152-4
Andropogon, 142.
Aneilema, 79.
Angrcecwn, 9.
Angrsecum, 8, 19.
Anisantkus, 30.
Anosponim, 112.
Ansellia, 7.
Anthephora, 193.
Anthericum (?), 54.
Anthericum, 50, 55.
Anthistiria, 161.
Antholyza, 30.
Antoschmidtia, 230.
Antrolepis, 130, 131.
Anubias, 88.
Aponogeton, 93.
Aristea, 27.
Aristida, 202.
Aroides, 90.
Arthraxon, 138.
Arundo, 218.
Ascolejns, 130.
Ascolepis, 130.
Asparagus, 41.
Avena, 211.
Axonopus, 184.
Bambusa, 256.
Barlcsa, 16.
Beckera, 192.
Bc'ckeropsis, 193.
Blvffia, 184.
Blyxa, 1.
Boophane, 35.
Boottia, 2.
Brachycorythis, 19.
Buforrestia, 80.
Bulbine, 48.
Bulbophyllum, 3.
Bulbostylis, 124.
Bvphatie, 33, 35.
Buvmannia, 2.
Caladium, 89.
Calamagrostis, 205.
Campulosus, 221.
Campylandra, 55.
Canna, 24.
Catahrosa, 234.
Cenchrus, 141, 190,
Cenchrus, 188.
Centotheca, 228.
CMoris, 221.
Chloris, 222.
Chlorophytum, 53.
CUnogyne, 23.
Cocos, 84.
Coix, 161.
Colocasia, 88.
Conamelina, 74.
Corymbis, 11.
CorynophaUus, 87.
Costus, 21.
210.
Crinum, 32.
Crossotropis, 226.
Cry2)Sis, 210.
Cryptostephanus, 32.
Ctenium, 221.
Culcasia, 90.
Cui-culigo, 31.
! Cyanopogon, 80.
j Cyanotis, 80.
Cymhidium, 6.
Cymbopogon, 154.
Cynndon, 162.
Cynodon, 220.
Cyperus., 106, 109, 119.
Cyperus, 109.
Cyrtanthus, 34.
Cyrtopera, 5.
j Dactylis, 227.
Dactyloctenium, 224.
Danthonia, 213.
Danthonia, 211.
Dasystachys, 53.
Dichrolepis, 95.
Bichromena, 132.
Digitaria, 162.
Dinebra, 223.
Dioscorea, 36.
Dipcadi, 56.
j Dijjlachne, 225-7.
Piplachne, 227.
Biplogastra, 12.
Disa, 17.
Disperis, 19.
Donax, 23.
Dracaena, 47.
Ecliimcldoa, 173.
i Eichornia, 66.
259
Elseis, 84.
Eleocharis, 121.
Meusine, 224, 22.5.
Eleusine, 224.
Elionurus, 137.
Enneapogon, 229.
Enteropogon, 221.
Entoplocamia. 228.
Eragrostis, 232.
Eriocaulon, 95.
Eriochloa, 170.
Eriochloa, 166.
Eriochrysis, 136.
Eriospermum, 49.
Eriospora, 132.
Eulalia, 136.
Eulophia, 3.
Eidophidmrn, 3.
Ferraria, 27.
Festuca, 255.
Fimlristylis, 124.
Fimbrist3'lis, 122.
Flagellaria, 81.
Floscopa, 80.
Fuirena, 128.
(tethyllis, 31.
Gladiolus, 28.
Gloriosa, 65.
Gnetum, 257.
Gymnothrix. 193.
Habenaria, 12.
Hfemanthus, 34.
Haworfchia, 46.
Heleocharis, 121.
Heleochloa, 210.
Helmia, 38.
Helopus, 170.
Hemicarpha, 126.
Heteranthera, 67.
Heteropogon, 153.
Hippeastrum, 32.
Holcus, 191,
Homalocenchrns, 231.
Hordeum, 255.
Hvdrosme, 86.
Hj'menocallis, 35.
Hyphaene, 83, 257.
Hypoxis, 30.
Imperata, 135.
Iphigenia, 64.
Iridopsis, 26.
Isachne, 166.
Ischffimum, 141.
Juncellus, 109.
Juncus, 81.
Kaempferia, 19.
Kniphofia, 43, 44.
Kyllinga, 103.
Lagarosiphon, 1.
Lapeyrousia, 27.
Lappagn, 210.
Leersia, 231.
Lemna, 91.
Leptaspis, 256.
Leptocarydion, 225.
Leptochloa, 225, 226, 232
Leptochloa, 225.
Leucophrys, 193.
Limnophyton, 93.
Liparis, 3.
Lipocarpha, 129.
Lissochilus, 5.
Listrostachys, 9.
Littonia, 65.
Lolium, 255.
Manisuris, 141.
Maranta, 23.
Mariscus, 119.
Melanthitim, 64.
Melinis, 199.
Metroxilon, 83.
Microchloa, 219.
Monelytrum, 210.
Monochoria, 67.
Mor-ea, 26.
Morcea, 27.
Musa, 24.
Mystacidium, 9.
Mystacidiwm, 11.
Najas, 95.
Nazia, 210.
Notosceptrum, 43.
Olyra, 255.
Oplismenus, 184.
Ornithogalum, 60.
Ornithogalum, 64.
Orthochilus, 4.
Ortliopogon, 184.
Oryza, 231.
OtteUa, 1.
Oxytenantbera, 256.
Paspalanthns, 102.
Palisota, 74.
Pandanus, 84.
Panicum, 162, 166, 184,
185, 187, 188, 191,
193, 194, 199.
Panicum, 167.
Pappophorwin, 229.
Paspalum, 162.
Paspalum, 161.
Penicillaria, 191, 192.
Pennisetum, 188.
Pentaschistis, 213.
Perotis, 210.
Phoenix, 82.
Phragmites, 218.
Phrynium, 23.
Phyllodes, 23.
Phyllorachis, 256.
Pistia, 85.
Platylepis, 131.
Platylepis, 12.
Poa, 234, 236, 247.
Pogonartliria, 232.
Pogonia, 12.
Pollia, 74.
Pollinia, 13().
Polypogon, 206.
Polystachya, 7.
Potamogeton 94.
260
IXDEX.
Psilosiphon, '
Pvcreus, 106.
Raphia, 82.
Remirea, 132.
Renealmia, 22.
Ehynchelytlirum, 195.
Rhynchospora, 181.
Rhytachne, 138.
Hichardia, 90.
Rottboellia, 139.
Ruppia, 94.
Saecharum, 210.
Saccbarum, 136.
Sandersonia, 65.
Sansevieria, 25.
Satyrium, 16.
Sauromatum, S6.
Schizobasis, 48.
Schmidtia, 230.
Schoemis, 132.
Scilla, 61.
Scirpus, 126.
Scleria, 132.
Setaria, 185.
Si'taria, 193.
Smilax, 41.
Sorghum, 150.
Sporobolus, 206.
Stenoglottis, 16.
Stylochiton, 86.
Tacca, 30.
Telmatophace, 92.
Thalia, 22.
Themeda, 161.
Tinantia, 81.
Trachyphrynium, 23.
Tragus, 210.
TricholEena, 194.
Trichoon, 218.
Trichopteryx, 214.
Triglochin, 93.
THodia, 225.
Tripogon, 223.
Triraphis, 227.
Trisetum, 227.
Tristachya, 214.
Tristachya, 217.
Triticum, 255.
Tulbaghia, 56.
Tumboa, 257
Typha, 85.
Uralepis, 225.
Urginea, 59.
Vropetalum, 56.
Vellozia, 35.
Vetiveria, 152.
Vilfa, 206, 207, 209.
Walleria, 66.
Welwitschia, 257.
Wolffia, 92.
Xerophyta, 35.
Xyris, 67.
Zantedesclda, 90, 91.
Zea, 161.
Zeuxine, 11.
Zingiber, 21.
Zostera, 94.
Trinted by Hazell, Watson,