CATALOGUE

BATRACHIA SALIENTIA

COLLECTION

BRITISH MUSEUM.

BY

DR. ALBERT GUNTHER.

LONDON:

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.

1858.

PRINTED BY TAYLOB AND FRANCIS,
RED LION COI'RT, FLEET STREET.

PREFACE.

The object of this Catalogue is to give a description of all the species
of Tail-less Batrachians (Batrachia Salientia) in the Collection of the
British Museum, with an indication of their history and origin, and
an account of the species to be foiuid in other Collections which are
desiderata to the National Museum.

Dr. Giinther observes : — " The system according to which I have
arranged the Batrachia Anura in the Collection of the British Museum
differs in many respects from those hitherto employed. I have
explained, in a paper in the ' Proceedings of the Zoological Society,'
1858, p. 339, the reasons which have induced me to subordinate the
character of the maxillary teeth to that of the dilated or tapering
toes, in dividing the section Opisihoghssa. By so doing we obtain
two parallel series, in each of which corresponding members occur
in regular succession. I am not afraid of separating these animals
into too many families, and have established them even for one or two

a2

iv PREFACE.

genera, where the characters seemed sufficient. As yet we know
little (except of the borders) of Africa, Australia, andTropieal America,
and there are but few collectors who have directed particular
attention to this class of animals. Thus we may not only affirm
Avith some certainty that many families at present poor in species
will soon be enriched, but we may even venture to prognosticate that
at least some of the missing forms, which I have pointed out, will
be discovered. The progress made in our knoAvledge of the Batrachia
Ayiura during the last fifty years may be seen at once by the following
comparison of the number of species given by different authors : —

Shaw in 1802 51 species.

Tschudi in 1838 110 species.

Dume'ril & Bibron (vol. ix.) in 1854 . . 164 species.

The present Catalog-uc in 1858 280 species.

" There are, besides, many species which I could not introduce into
this Catalogue, on account of the imperfect descriptions given of their
systematic characters.

''■ Dr. J. E. Gray has collected in his MSS. (the free use of which,
with his usual kindness, he has permitted me) diagnoses of many
species from papere scattered through various journals, and so directed
my attention to species which I might otherwise have overlooked.
He proposed to arrange these animals into two groups, according to
the form of the diapophysis of the sacral vertebra. I fully acknow-

PJiEl'ACB. V

ledge the systematic importance of this churactcr, but 1 considei- it
to be of subordinate vakie.

" I have to return my best thanks to my friend and fellow-collegian
Eduard v. Martens, M.I)., for supj^lying me with detailed accounts
of species in the Berlin Museum which are wanting in tliLs Collection.

" Finally, I cannot forbear noticing a very bad practice, now pre-
valent, by which new species ruA the risk of being overbm-dened
with synonyms, and thrown from the first into a state of confusion.
In several of the large Collections new species remain, named for
years, without being established in a regular way by published
descriptions. These names are then brought before the public by
occasional \'isitors, especially by dealers, who often apply them to
specimens of quite another species, without any fiu'ther notice
where or by whom they were given. Little better is the practice
of publishing lists of species, where the new ones are named
without any (Hagnosis. If an author does not choose to give science
the benefit of his knowledge of a new species, why not mention
it as ' Liophis, n. sp.,' ' Hyperolius, n. sp.,' ' Bufo, n. sp.,' instead
of lAopMs regalis, X, Hi/peroJins yicjas, Y, Bufo unomalus, Z ? It
is by such malpractice that species come to have, from the origin,
different names in different countries. Wherever I have met with
specimens bearing such a name, I have accepted it when weU chosen,
or when I have been able to cUscover where or by whom it was

given ; but having now found that such names are often joined to
species for which they were not originally intended by the authors,
I intend henceforth to reject them altogether, and not to introduce
them into the synonymy imlcss pubhshed with a proper diagnosis.

'• The number of specimens in the Collection of the British
Museum, contained in this Catalogue, amounts to 1691.

" I am able to vouch for the correctness of the plates, which were
executed by Mr. Ford under my inspection."

JOHN EDWARD GRAY.

Biitisli Museum,
July 1. 1858.

SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILIES

BATRACHIA SALIENTIA

ANURA.

A. Without tongue : AGLOSSA.

I. Ear perfectly developed ; eustachian ixibes united ; cavum

tympani entirely bony. Aglossa haplosiphona.

a. Maxillary teeth.

1. With webbed toes, dilated processes of sacral vertebra,
and without paratoids. 1. DACTTLETHKiD.a;.

b. No maxillary teeth.

1. With webbed toes, dilated processes of sacral vertebra,
and without paratoids. 2. PiPiDJi.

II. Ear imperfectly developed ; eustachian tubes separated ; ca\Txm

tympani absent. Aglossa diplosiphona.

a. With two large horizontal fangs in the intermaxillary bone.

3. MyOBATRACHIDJ!.

B. Tongue adlierent in fi'ont, more or less free behind :
OPISTHOGLOSSA.

I. Fingers and toes tapering or cylindiical, not dilated at the end.
Opisthoglossa oxydactyla,

a. Maxillary teeth.

act. Ear perfectly developed. RANINA.

(I. No paratoids.

aa. Sacral vertebra not dilated.

1. Toes webbed. 4. Eanid^.

2. Toes fi'ee. 5. Cystignathid^.

/3/3. Sacral vertebra dilated.

1. Toes webbed. 6. Discoglossid^.

2, Toes free. 7. Asteeophetdid^.

/3. With paratoids.

(aa. Sacral vertebra not dilated ?)
/3/3. Sacral vertebra dilated.

1. Toes webbed. 8. Alytid^.

2. Toes free. 9. Upeeoliid^.

hb. Ear imperfectly developed. BOMBINATORINA.
a. No paratoids.

aa. Sacral vertebra not chlated.

1. Toes webbed. 10. BoMBiNAXOEiDiE.

h. No maxillaiy teeth.

aa. Ear imperfectly developed. BRACHYCEPHALINA.

a. No paratoids.

(aa. Sacral vertebra not dilated ?)
/3/3. Sacral vertebra dilated.

1. Toes webbed. 11. PnEYNisciDiE.

2. Toes free. 12. BRACHTCEPHALiDiE.

bh. Ear perfectly developed. BUFONINA.
a. No paratoids.

(oa. Sacral vertebra not chlated ?)
/S/3. Sacral vertebra dilated.

1. Toes webbed. 13. Rhinodeematid^.

2. Toes free. 14. ENGTSxoMATiDa;.

/3. With paratoids.

(an. Sacral vertebra not dilated?)
(ift. Sacral vertebra dilated.

1. Toes webbed. 15. Bufonid^.

SYNOPSIS OF THK KA.MILIKS.

II. Fingei-s and toes diluted into a disk. Opisthoglossa platy-
dactyla.

a. Maxillary teeth.

aa. Ear perfectly developed. HYLINA.

n. No paratoids.

aa. Hacral vertebra not dUatcd.

1. Toes webbed. 16.

POLYPEDATID^.

2. Toes free. 17.

Hylodid^.

pj(i. Sacral vertebra dilated.

1. Toes webbed. 18. Hylid^.

/3. With paratoids.

(aa. Sacral vertebra not dilated ?)
/3j(3. Sacral vertebra dilated.

1. Toes webbed. 19. Pelodkyabid^.

2. Toes free. 20. Phtllomedusidjs.

hh. Ear imperfectly developed. MICRHYLINA.
a. No paratoids.

{aa. Sacral vertebra not dilated?)
/3/3. Sacral vertebra dilated.

1. Toes webbed. 21. Micrhylid^.

, No maxillaiy teeth.
{aa. Ear imperfectly developed ?)
66. Ear perfectly developed. HYLAPLESINA.

a. No paratoids.

aa. Sacral vertebra not dilated.

1, Toes free. 22. Hylaplesid^.

/3/3. Sacral vertebra dilated.

1. Toes free. 23. Bkachymerid^.

2. Toes webbed. 24. HYL^BACTYLrD^E.

C. Tongue fiee in front. PROTEROGLOSSA.

a. No maxillary teeth.

aa. Ear imperfectly developed.

a. With paratoids.

aa. Sacral vertebra dilated.

1. Toes webbed. 25. Rhinophbynxd-e.

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

The names of those authors are marked who first gave the specific
denomination.

The number at the end of the name indicates the number of specimens
in the Museum Collection.

The new genera and species are marked with a *.

A. AGLOSSA.

First Series.
AGLOSSA HAPLOSIPHONA.

Fam. 1. Dactylkthmd^.

a. Dactylethra, Cuv.

1. Itevis, Daud 6

2. miilleri, Peters 0

Fam. 2. Pipid^.

a. Pipa, Laur.

1. americana, Laur 6

Second Series.
AGLOSSA DIPLOSIPHONA,

Fam. 1. Myobatbachidjs.

a. Myobatrachus, Schley.

1. paradoxus, Schleg 0

B. OPISTHOGLOSSA.

First Series.

OPISTHOGLOSSA OXYDAC-

TYLA.

Section I. Ranina.

Fam. 1. Ranidje.

a. Pseudis, Wayl.

1. paradoxa, L 24

2. *minuta, Gthr 1

b. Oxvglossus, TsckiuU.

L lima, Tsch 3

2. *la3vis, Gthr 2

c. Tomopterna, Bihr.

1. adspersa, Blhr 4

2. delalandii, Blhr 23

3. marmorata, Peters 0

4. natalensis, Smith ( App. ) . . 2
(Rana subsigillata, Bum. . . 0)

(I. Rana, auct.

1. kuhlii, Schleg^ 7

2. macrodon, Kuhl 6

3. vittigera, Wiegm 45

4. tigTina, Daud. 35

5. grunnions, Daud. 1

6. lii'Xiiilactvla, Less 23

7. leschenaultii, D.etB 1

la. *occipitalis, Gthr. (App.) 11

8. rugosa, Schleg 2

9. esculenta, L 53

10. halecina, Kalm 22

1 1. palustris, Leconte 2

12. clamata, Daud 8

12«. horiconensis, iZb/6?-.(App.) 1

13. mugiens, Merr 14

14. lecontei, B. et G 6

15. temporaria, L 69

16. *superciliaris, Gthr 1

17. bibronii, Hallow 7

18. grayi, Smith 10

19. mascareniensis, D.etB. . . 2

20. fuscigula, D.etB 10

21. ()x\ vhvnclms, Sundev 4

22. gaiauR-nsis, D.etB 0

23. delalandii, D.etB 9

24.'fasciata, Bole 12

e. Calyptoceplialus, Bihr.

1. gap, Bihr 1

/. Cyclorhamphus, Tscltudi.

1. marmoratus, D.etB 22

g. Pithecopsis, Bihr.

1. fidiginosus, Bihr q

h. Limnocharis, Bell.

1. fuscus. Bell 1

i. Hylorhina, Bell.

1. silvatica, Bell 1

/.•. Pyxicephalus, Tschudi.

1. amencanus, D. et B 4

SVSTEMAXIC INDKX.

/. {.'eratophi'vs, Boie.

1. comuta, L 8

2. boiei, Wied 6

3. nieyastoina, Spix^ 0

4. oniatu, Bell 4

m. Ileteroglossa, Ilallvw.

1. airicana, Hallow 0

M. iStenorhyiichu.s, Smith.

1. nataleusis, Sm 1

Fain. 2. Cystignathid-e.

a. Cystignathus, Wagl.

1. ocellatus, L 32

2. caliginoaus, (iir 7

3. fuscus, Schneid. 9

4. ^-acilis, D.etB 4

5. schomburgldi, Trosch 1

6. tajniatus, Gir 0

7. ornatus, Hulhr 1

la. roseus, D. ct B. (App.). . 0

8. nodosus, D.etB 2

9. senegaleiisis. D. et B 6

10. argyreivittis, Peters 0

11. georgianus, Bibr 18

(Borboroccetes grajd, Bell) 1

(Borborocretes bibronii, Bell) 1

b. Pleiii'odeiiia, Tschudi.

1. labrautliicum, Spix 6

2. bufonium, Bell 2

3. bibronii, Tschudi 18

c. Limnod\iiastes, Fitz.

1. dorsalis, Gnnj 5

1«. perouii, D. et B. (App.). . 1

2. *tasmaniensis, Gthr 10

3. omatus, Gra}/ 2

d. Leiuperus, D. et B.

1. mamioratus, I), et B 1

2. sagittifer, Sehm. (App.) . . 0

(salarius, Bell) 1

( Arthrok'ptis, Sm. (App.)

1. wahlbergii, Sm 1)

Fam. 3. Discoglossid.e.

a. •Chiroleptes, Gthr.

1. australis, Gray 2

h. Pelodytes, Fitz.

1. pimctatiis, Daud. 4

c. Discoglossiis, Otth.

1. pictus, Otth 11

d. Leptobrachiuin, Tschudi.

1. hasseltii, Midi 1

e. Mt'g-alophrys, Kuhl.

1. montana, Knhl 4

Fam. 4. Astebophkyiud^.

rt. Ceratophn-ne, Schleg. (App.)

1. nnsuta, Schleg 1

h. A.storopbrys, Tschudi.

1. tui-picola, 3Iidl. 0

Fam. 5. Alytid^e.

a. Alytes, Wagl.

1. obstetricans, Law 6

b. Scapbiopu.s, Ilolbr.

1. solitariu.s, Ilolbr 2

c. Ileleioporus, Gray.

1. albopunctatus, Gray .... 10

Fam. 6. Upkboliid.s.

a. Uperoleia, Gray.

1. marmorata, Gray 1

Section II. Bosibinatorina.

Fam. 1. BOMBINATOBED^.

a. Pelobates, Wagl.

1. fiiscus, Laur 9

2. cidtripes, Cuv 1

b. Bombiuator, Merr.

1. igueus, Basel 7

c. Alsodes, Bell.

1. monticola, Bell 1

d. Tehuatobius, Wiegm.

1. peruvianus, Wiegm 0

Sect. III. Beachycephalina.
Fam. 1. Phryniscid^.
a. PhrjTiiscus, Wiegm.

1. uigi-icans, Wiegm 5

2. *l8evis, Gthr 5

3. cruciger, 3Iart 6

3rt. bibronii, Schmidt (App.) 1

4. variiis, Stann 0

5. olfersii, 3Iart 0

Fam. 2. Brachyxephalid.e.
a. Pseudophryne, Fitz.

1. australis. Gray 2

2. bibronii, D.etB 5

6. Bracbycepbalu.?, Fitz.

1. ephippiiun, Spix 13

c. *Hemisus, Gthr.

1. guttatum, Bapp 6

r mannoratuni, Peters .... 0

Section IV. Bufonina.
Fam. 1. Rhinodermatid^e.

a. Rhinodemia, D. et B.

1. dai-ttdnii, D. et B 7

b. Atelopiis, D. et B.

1. flavescens, D. et B 0

c. Uperodon, D. et B.

1. marmoratiun, Cuv 7

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

d. 'Diplopelma, Gthr.
1. oniatmn, D. et B.

24

Fam. 2. Engystomatidje.

a. Engystoma, Fitz.

1. ovale, Schneid 1

2. cai'olinense, Hulhr 8

3. rugosvuu, D. et B 1

4. niicrops, D. et B 0

b. Breviceps, 3Ierr.

1. verrucosus, Rapp 3

2. g'ibbosus, L 3

c. Chelydobatraclius, Gray.

1. gouldii, Gray 3

Fam. 3. Bt'FONiD^.

a. Kalophrynus, Tuclmdi.

1. pli'urostigma, iJ/ws. Letjd. . 1

b. Schisuiaderuia, Smith (App.).

1. carens, Sm 7

c. Bufo, aact.

1. vulgaris, Laiir 30

2. cliilensis, Tschiidi 11

3. *anomalus 1

Sa. simus, Srlimktt (App.) . . 0

4. calaniita, Laur 18

5. viridis, Laur 34

6. pantherinus, Boie 28

(angusticeps), Sinith .... 6

(gariepensis, Smith 2)

7. guiueensis, Mas. Leyd. . . 6

8. *tuberosus, Gthr 2

9. celebensis, Mm. Leyd .... 3

10. melanostictus, Schneid. . . 47

11. asper, Mas. Leyd. 3

12. biporcatus, Schley 2

13. cruentatus, Mus. Leyd. . . 1

14. isos, Less 0

14 rt. *kelaartii, Gthr. (App.) . . 4

15. lentiginosus, Shaw 46

15a. *interniedius, &</(/-. (App.) 4

16. lescbenaultii, Bibr 0

17. *ocellatus, Gthr 1

18. omatus, Spix 32

19. agua, Latr 44

20. nebiilifer, Gir 6

21. peltoceplialus, Bibr 4

22. d'orbignyi, B.etB 6

22«. veragueiisis,<Se/wmVZ<(App.) 0

23. granulosus, Spix 8

24. guttiirosus, Lcdr 8

25. *stei-iiosignatus, Gtlir 5

25« pleuropterus,<Sc/*»»Vft(App. ) 0

d. Otilophus, Cuv.

1. inaj'gaiitifei-, Laur 14

Second Series.

OPISTHOGLOSSA PLATY-

DACTYLA.

Section I. Hylina.

Fam. 1. POLYPEDATID^E.

a. Acris, B. et B.

1. gryllus, Leconte 17

2. pickeringii, Holbr 0

b. Hylarana, Tschiidi.

1. *macrodactyla, Gthr 6

la. malabarica,Z'. e<^. (App.) 12

2. erythrsea, Schley 8

3. cbalconota, Schley 3

4. albolabris, Sallow 6

5. madagascariensis, Dum. . . 0

c. Ixalus, L). et B.

1. aurifasciatus, Schleej 4

2. *variabilis, Gthr. .' 12

3. leucorbinus, 3Iart 0

4. pceciloplem'us, Mart 0

5. *natator, Gthr 3

6. *guttatus, Gthr 1

d. Polypedates, D. et B.

1. *microt>'mpanum, Gthr. . . 15

2. macidatus, Gray 53

3. quadrilineatus, Wieym. . . 22

4. *appeudiculatus, Gthr. ... 1

5. *eques, Gthr 11

6. biirgeri, Schley 0

7. *sclilegelii, Gthr 3

8. *afgliana, Gthr 3

9. goudotii, Bibr 4

10. junghubnii, Blocker .... 0

e. Rhacopborus, Kuhl.

1. reiuwardtii, Boie 5

2. *maximus, Gthr 4

3. *pardalis, Gthr 6

f. Cormifer, Tschudi.

1. imicolor, Tsch 0

2. dorsalis, Dmn 0

y, Elosia, Tschudi.

1. nasus, Licht 1

h. Chiromantis, Peters.

1. .xerampelina, Peters 0

i. Hyjjerolius, Rapp.

1. viridiflavus, D. et B 2

2. maiinoratus, Rctpj) 21

3. borstockii, Schley 6

4. *paraUelus, Gthf 3

5. *guttidatus, Gthr 3

6. fornasinii, Bianc 0

7. tseniatus, Peters 0

8. argus, Peters 0

9. flavoviridis, Peters 0

10. tetttnsis, Peters 0

11. marginatus. Peters 0

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

12. modcstiis, Schli'!/. (App.). . 2

13. niadau-ascarifnsis, D. et B. 0

14. •ocellatu.s, Gthr 2

15. •plicatiis, Gthr 2

16. seychcUonsis, Tsrhmli .... 0
(Euciieiuia bicolor, Grmj). ... 1

k. •Leptopelis, Gthr.

1. natalensis, Sm. (App.) . . 11

Fam. 2. IIylodid^.

a. Crossodac'tylua, /J. et B.

1. gaudicliaiidii, U.etB 0

h. Ph>ll()bat('.s Bihr.

1. l)i(cilor, Bihr 0

2. iiKdaiioilnuus, Berthold . . 0"

c. Hylodes, Fitz.

1. lineatus, Schneid 14

2. martinicensis, Bihr 15

3. ricordii, D. ct B 3

4. oxyrh^Tichus, I), ct B 0

5. latircps, Diim 0

6. *coiispicil]atiL?, Gthr 1

6«. fitziugei'i, Schmidt (App.) 0

7. luteoliis, Gosse 4

8. It'ptopiis, Bell 1

d. 'Platymanti.i, Gthr.

1. vitiana, Bihr 4

2. *plicifera, Gthr 4

Fam. 3. IIylidje.

a. Litoria, Tschudi.

1. freycineti, Bihr 1

2. na.9uta, Gray 3

3. punctata, Durn. (App.) . . 0

4. niarmorata, Dmn. (App.) . 0
h. Pseudacris, Fitz.

1. nigrita, Leconte 2

c. Hyla, Lour.

1. alboniarginata, Spix 15

2. lang-sdorfii, D. et B 4

3. geograpliica, Spix 7

4. parcialis, Spix 9

5. maxima, Law 3

5a. pugnax, (S'c^mu/i (App.) . . 0

6. xerophylla, D.etB 2

7. *fasciata, Gthr 1

8. doumercii, D. etB 0

9. punctata, Selmeid. 0

10. leprieurii, D.etB 0

11. *multifasciata, Gthr 3

12. boans, Daud. 0

13. levaillantii, D.etB 0

14. •liclienosa, Gthr 10

15. cyiiocephala, D.etB 0

16. \ersicolor, Daud 24

17. venulosa, Laur 10

18. mamiorata, Laur 2

19. corticalis, Burm 0

20. carolincnsis, Penn 6

21. agivstis, Bell 3

22. pvasina, Burm 0

23. baudinii, D.etB 15

24. capistrata, Beuss 0

24rt. splcndcns, Schmidt (App.) 0

25. v:iiit<'vii, ])'il/r 1

20. auvuntiaca, Daud. 1

27. fusca, Daud. 1

28. luteola, Wied 0

29. arborea, L 00

30. *euphoi'biacea, Gthr 6

30rt. molitor, Schmidt (App.) . . 0

31. rubra, Daud. 10

32. zebra, D.etB 0

33. leucomelas, D.etB 1

34. squirella, Daud. 1

35. e^^-ingii, D.etB 20

30. rubella, Gray 3

37. leucophyllata, Beirei.f .... 2

38. *rhod()pepla, Gthr 1

39. peronii, Bibr 3

40. adelaideusis, Gray 20

41. jervisien.si.s, D. et B 0

42. aurea, Less 52

43. ven-eauxii, Dtim 0

44. citropus, Peron 0

d. *Nototi-ema, Gthr.

1. marsupiatum, D. ct B 19

e. Opistliodelphy.s, Gthr.

1. ovifera, Weinl 1

/. Trachycephalus, D. et B.

1. marmoratus, Bibr 15

2. geogi'apliicu.a, D.et B 2

3. domiuicensis, Tschudi .... 4

4. lichenatus, Gosse 10

Fam. 4. Pelodeyadid.'e.

a. *Pelodryas, Gthr.

1. caeruleus, Wliite 13

Fam. 5. Phyi.lomedusid^.

a. Pliyllomedusa. Wayl.

1. bicolor, Boddaeri 20

Section II. Micrhylxna.

Fam. 1. MiCBHYxrD^.

a. Micrhyla, D. et B.

1. achatina, Boie 1

GEOGRAPHICAL INDKX.

Section III. IIylaplesina.
Fam. 1. Hyl.?5dactylim;.
a. Kaloula, Graj/.

1. baleata, 3Iii/l 8

2. pidchra, G>-ai/ 7

3. picta, Bihr 5

Fam. 2. Bhachymerid^.

a. BrapliTmerns, Smith.

\. bifasciatiiB, Smith 7

Fam. 3. IIylaplesid,*:.

(/. Hylaplesia, J3nic.

1. tinctoria, Schiteid. 16

2. piota, Tscliudi 6

3. speeiosa, Schmidt 0

4. pumilio, Schmidt 0

5. lateralis, Gay 0

C. PROTEKOGLOSSA.
Section I. Rhinophrynina.
Fam. 1. Rhinophry"nid.s:.

a. RhiuophrjTius, D. et B.
1. dorsalis, D. ct B

GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX.

PAL^ARCTIC REGION.

Rana nigosa.

esculenta.

temporaria.
Pelodvtes.
Discoglossiis.
Alytes.
Pelobates.

Bombinator.
Biifo vulgaris.

calamita.

viridis.

pantherinus.
Pol-\'pedates sohlegelii.
Ilvla arborea.

INDIAN REGION.

Oxyglossus.
Rana kidilii.

macrodon.

vittig-era.

tigTiua.

grimniens.

hexadactyla.

lescbenaultii.

(escidenta.

temporaria.)
Leptobrachiiun.
Megalophrys.
Ceratophryne.
Aster ophrys.
Uperodon.

Diplopelma.
Biifo vulgaris.

celebensis.

melanostictus.

asper.

kelaartii.

biporcatus.

cruentatiis.

isos.
Kalophrynus.
Hylarana macrodactyla.

malabarica.

er}'tliraea.

chalconotus.
Ixalus'.

GEOORAPniCAL INDEX.

Polj-pedatt'S microtympanum.
maculatus.
quadrilineatus.
appeudiciilatus.
eques.
biirgeri.

Polypedates afghana.
Rhacophorus.
Cornuier dorsalis.
Plat\ mantis plieifera.
Micrhyla.
Kaloiiia.

NORTH AMERICAN REGION.

Hana halecina.

palustris.

clamata.

horiconensis.

miigien.s.

temporaria.
(var. silvatica.)
C3'stignathus ornatus.
Scaphiopus.

Enwystoma carolinense.
Biifo chilensis (Califom.).

lentiginosus.
Acris.
Pseudacris.
PJyla versicolor.

carolinensis.

squirella.

NEOTROPICAL REGION.

Pipa.

Pseudis.

Rana k'coiitei.

Calyptoct'piialus.

Cycloi-hainphus.

Pithecopsis.

Leiuperus.

Limnocliaris.

Hyloihina.

Pyxicephalus.

Ceratophrys.

Cystigiiathiis ocellatus.

caliginosu.s.

fusciis.

gracilis.

roseus.

schombiirgkii.

taeniatus.

nodosiis.
Pleiu-odema.
Alsodes.
Phrv'niscus.
Brachycephalus.
Rhinoderma.
Atelopus.
Engystoma.
Biifo chilensis.

anomalus.

simus.

lentiginosus (TVfexioo).

intermedins.

le.schenanltii.

ocellatu.*.

ornatus.

Biifo agua.

nebidifer.

peltoeeplialus.

d'orbiii'nyi.

■\X'ragueusis.

granidosus.

guttiirosiis.

stemosignatus.

pleuropterus.
Otilophus margaritifer.
Elosia.

Crossodactyhus.
Phyllobates.
Hylodes.
Hyla albomarginata.

langsdorfii.

geogi-aphica.

pardalis.

maxima.

pugnax.

xerophylla.

fasciata.

doumercii.

punctata.

leprieurii.

boans.

levaillantii.

lichenosa.

cj-nocephala.

versicolor (Mex.J.

venulosa.

mannorata.

corticalis.

agrestis.

GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX.

Ilvla prasiua.
baiidinii.
capistrata.
splendens.
vauterii.
aurantiaca.
fiisca.
luteola.
exiphorbiacea.
molitor.
rubra.

Hyla zebra.

leiicomelas.

leucophyllata.

rhodopepla.
Nototrenia.
Opisthodelphys.
Tracbycepnalus.
Phyllomedusa.
Hylaplesia.
Rhinophrynus.

ETHIOPIAN EEGION.

Dactylethra.
Tomoptema.
Rana occipitalis.

siiperciliiiris.

bibronii.

grayi.

niascareuiensis.

fuscigiila.

oxj-rhjncluis.

gfalamensis.

delalandii.

fasciata.
Heteroglossa.
Stenorhjiiclius.
CystigTiathus senegalensis.

argyi'ei\'itti.s.

Arthroleptis.
Hemisus.
Breviceps.
Schismadenna.
Biifo pantberiims.

angusticeps.

guineensis.

tuberosus.
Hylarana albolabris.

madagascariensis.
Poh'pedates goudotii.
Chiromantis.
Hyperolius.
Leptopelis.
Brachyinenis.

AUSTRALIAN REGION.

Mvnbatraelius.

Chstignathus georgianus.

Limnodyiiastes.

C'biroleptes.

Heleioponis.

ITprroleia.

rsruilo]ilivnie.

Chelydobatrachus.

(Eucnemis) bicolor.

Litoria.

Ilvlarana erythrtea.

Comufer unicolor.
Platymantis vitianus.
Hyla e-^vingii.

rubella.

peronii.

adelaidensis.

jervisiensis.

aiirea.

citropus.
Pelodryas.

CATALOGUE

BATRACIIIA SALIENTIA.

Suborder I. BATRACHIA SALIENTIA.

Body short, depressed, without any tail.

A. AGLOSSA.

Batrachia 8alientia sen Anoura without tongue.

First Series. AGLOSSA HAPLOSIPHONA.

Aglossa with the eustachian tubes united into one pharyngea
orifice.

Fam. 1. DACTYLETHRID^.

HAPLOsirnoNA with maxillarj- teeth, webbed toes, and with the
processes of the sacral vertebra dilated.

1. DACTYLETHRA.

Head flat, rounded in front ; no teeth in palate ; tympanum
hidden ; paratoids none ; eustachian tubes united into one oi-ifice
in the middle of palate, large. Fingers four, pointed, quite free ;
toes five, broadly webbed, the first three pro^-ided \vith a sharply
pointed nail. Diapophyses of sacral vertebra much dilated. Back
in both sexes smooth. Western and Southern Africa.

Dactylethra, Cut: Rk/ne Anim. \ Tschucli, Classif. der Batmch. p 55,
89; Dum. .^- Bibr.' \iu. p. 762.

Xenopus, TFag!. Isis, 1827, p. 726, and Si/sf. Amph. p. 199.
Leptopus, sp., Mayer, Anal. p. 34.
Pipa, .sp., 3L'rr. tnif. p. 180.
Biifo, .sp., aiirf. pn'nr.

1 . Dactylethra laevis.

Bufo Ipevis, Baufl. Hist. Rain. p. 85. pi. 30. f. 1, and Rept. viii. p. 171.
Pipa Isevis, Men: Tent. p. 180.

bufonia, id. I. r.

Leptopus oxydactyhis, Mai/er. Anaf. p. 34.

DactA'lethra capensis, Ci/v. Regiie Anim. ; Dmn. Sf Bibr. p. 765.

pl.'92. f. 1.
Xfnopns boiei, Wagl. Isis, 1827, p. 726, and Si/sf. p. 199.
Dactylethra boiei, Tschudi, I. c.

Ashy liro-wn, veined ^vith blackisli. Tarsu.s and metatarsus with-
out any tubercle or spTir.

n. Large specimen: female. Port Natal. Presented by the Rev.

H. Calloway.
h. Adult. Africa. From Mr. Frank's CJollection.
r. (1. Half-grown. West Africa. From Mr. Fraser's Collection.
f. Large specimen : stuffed. Cape of Good Hope.

2. Dactylethra mulleri.

Peters, Mnnatsher. drr Berlin. Acad. 1844, p. 37. and JVieqm. Arch.
1855, p. 58 ; Hallow. Proc. Ac. Hat. Sc. Philad. 1857, p. 65.

Black above, dark brown below ; a cutaneous appendage below
the eye ; a spur at the base of the first toe. Mozambique ; Gaboon.

Fam. 2. PIPID^.

Haplosiphona without maxillary teeth, with webbed toes, and
with the processes of the sacral vertebra dilated.

1. PIPA.

Head short, bi-oad, very flat, tiiangular ; teeth none in jaws nor
in palate ; tympanum hidden ; paratoids none ; eustachian tubes
united, in the middle of palate, very small. Fingers four, each
ending in fom- appendages ; toes five, simple at the tip, broadly
webbed. 8acral vertebra much dilated. Female with pouches on
the back. S. America.

Pipa, Lam: Si/n. 1788; 3Ien: Tent. p. 179; Cur. Rk/ne Anim.;

Diim. iir Bihr. viii. p. 767.
A.stevodactvhis, War/l. Si/sf. Amph. p. 199; Tsrhiidi, Class. Bafrach.

p. 89. '
Leptopu.*, sp., Mai/er, Anal. p. 34.
Bufo, sp., Rana, sp.. durt. prior.

HATRACniA SALIENT! A. O

1 . Pipa americana.

Pipa nmeiieana, Sfha, i. 77. 1-4 ; Laia: Si/n. p. 25 ; Cui: R^gne Atiim. ;

Dum. cV Bihr. viii. p. 773. pi. 92. f. 2 ; Merian, Ins. Sur. t. 59.
Rana pipa, Linn. Mus. Ad. Fried, p. 121, and Si/st. Nat. p. 354 ; Dmdj.

Encycl. Mi'th. Erpct. p. ()(!2 ; Lacep. Quadr. Grip. i. p. GOO ; Bonnaf.

Encycl. p. 14; Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 107. pi. 50, 51 ; Blumenb. Abhildy.

t. .'56; Brcip-r, Ohscrr. Anat. Di.ss. Frees. Rudolphi, Berl. 181 i:

Mayer, Nm\ Act. 1825, p. 527. t. 49.

dorsifjora, Schneid. Hint. Amph. p. 121. t. 1, 2.

Biifo dor.-iiji(>r, Latr. Kept. ii. p. 120; Baud. Hist. Rain. p. 85, aud

Rept. viii. p. 172.
Pipa tedo, Merr. Tent. p. 179.

curucuvu, Spix, Spec. Nov. t. 22. f. 1, 2.

LcptopiLS a.sterodaetylus, Mayer, Anal. p. 34.

Pipa dorsigera, Grarenh. Delic. p. 70.

Asterodactylus pipa, Wagl. Syst. p. 199 ; Tschudi, I. c. p. 89.

Olive-brown or blacki.sh, beneath \vhiti.sh, sometimes spotted.

, Skeleton. Tropical America.

Female with yoiinp; on the back. Tropical America.

Female with young on the back. Tropical America.
. Male. Tropical America. Belly black, white-spotted.

Male. British Guiana. Presented by Sir R. Schomburgk. Belly
pale, witli a dark central streak.

Second Series. ACxLOSSA DIPLOSIPHONA.
Aglossa with separated ostia pharyngea of the eustachian tubes.

Fam. 1. MYOBATRACHID^.

Only one genus.

1. MYOBATRACHUS.

Teeth none, except two large horizontal fangs in the intermax-
illary bone ; tympanimi hidden ; paratoids none ; eustachian tubes
not united, behind the eyes. Fingers four, cyUndiical, tapering ;
toes five, not webbed. Sacral vertebra ?

Myobatrachus, (Schlegel) Grai/, Frnc. Zoo/. Soc. 1S50, p. 9, and Ann.
Nat. Hist. 1851, p. 70.

1. Myobatrachus paradoxus.

(Schlegel) Gray, I.e.
Above brownish grey, beneath greyish. Swan River.

b2

B. OPISTHOGLOSSA.

Batr.vchia Salientia scu ANorRA with a tongue, adherent in
front and more or less free behind.

First Series. OPISTHOGLOSSA OXYDACTYLA.
Opisthoglossa ^vith tapering or cylindrical fingers and toes.

Section I. Ranina.
0. OXYDACTYLA with maxiUarv teeth and well-developed ear.

Fam. 1. RANIDiE.

Eanixa ^^'ith webbed toes, cyHnchical processes of sacral vertebra,
and without paratoids.

Synopsis of the Genera.

1. Pseudis. First finger opposite to the three others. South

America .

2. Oxyglossiis. Toes entirely webbed ; vomerine teeth none. East

Indies.

3. Tomopterna. Toes half- webbed ; a flat sharp-edged spur on the

metatarsus ; lower jaw with two bony prominences. South
Africa.

4. Rana. No finger opposite to the others ; one or two blunt

tubercles on the metatarsus ; crown covered with a soft skin ;
tongue deeply nicked behind; vomerine teeth. Cosmopolitan.

5. Sphaerotheca. Head with swollen spherical occiput ; toes half-

webbed ; a flat sharp-edged spur- on the metatarsus. East
Indies.

6. Calyptocephalus. Crown with a rugose shield ; vomerine teeth

in a straight line, in the middle internipted. Chili.

7. Cyclorhamphus. Toes haK-webbcd ; vomerine teeth in two

groups ; tongue entire behind. Chili.

8. Pithecopsis. A large gland on each side ; vomerine teeth in

two olilique series ; tongue entire behind. Bi'azil.

9. Leiuperus. Toes webbed only at the base : skin granular ; no

^-omorine teeth. South America.

10. Limnocharis. Toes webbed only at the base; skin smooth;

no vomerine teeth. Brazil.

BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. O

1 1 . Hylorhina. Vomerine teeth in one straight uuinternipted
series ; tongue entire behind. Chili.

12. Pyxicephalus. Toes half- webbed ; a flat shai-p-edged spur on

the metatarsus ; vomerine teeth in one straight line, inter-
nipted in the middle. Tropical America.

13. Ceratophrys. Edge of upper eyelid more or less produced into

a point, so as to form a long horn or only a triangle. South
America.

1 4. Heteroglossa. No vomerine teeth ; tongue deeply notched

behind, attached by a cylindiical pedicel at the centre. West
Africa.

1. PSEUDIS.

Skin smooth. Fingers four, qmU'. free, pointed, the tirsl opposite
to the follo^Wng ; toes entirely webbed. Tongue subcirfular, entire
behind ; palatine teeth in a nearly iminteniiptcd straight line be-
tween the inner nostrils ; eustachian tubes small ; tympanum rather
indistinct. Males with subgular vocal sac. South America.

Pseudis, Wagl. Si/st. Amph. p. 203 ; Tschudi, Batr. p. «0 ; Bum. S,-

Bibr. viii. p. 327.
Proteus, Laur. Si/n. Rept. p. 30.
Rana, sp., auct. prior.

1. Pseudis paradoxa.

Kaiia piscis, Merian, Lis. Sin: t. 71 ; Linn. 3Lis. Ad. Fried, p. 49;

Edwards, Phil. Trans, li. p. 653. f. 15 o, i ; Sabn, i. 78. 15-21.
paradoxa, Linn. Si/sf. Nat. ; Skaic, Zool. iii. p. 120. pi. 36 ; Daud.

Ram. p. 67. pi. 22, 23, and Ript. viii. p. 130; Merr. Tent. p. 176;

Cut: Rhpie Anim. ; Gravenh. Delic. p. 34 ; Griff. Animal Kinqd.

ix. p. 393.
Proteus ranimis, Laur. Sijn. p. 36 ; Daub. Quadr. Ovip. p. 640 ;

Bonnat. Erpet. p. 5 ; Lacep. Quadr. Orip. i. p. 547 ; Latr. Ript.

ii. p. 162.
Pseudis paradoxa, Wagl. Syst. p. 203 ; Tschudi, Batr. p. 80.
merianse, Bum. 8f Bibr. p. 330. pi. 86. f. 2.

Snout tapering, rather pointed in front ; no white streak behind
the eye, nor on the sides.

n. LaiTa. Demerara. Presented by Dr. Hancock.

b. Lai^va. Demerara. Presented by Dr. Hancock.

c. Lai-va. Demerara. Presented by Dr. Hancock.
(/. Larva. Demerara. Presented by Dr. Hancock.

e. Larva: bad state. Demerara. Presented by Dr. Hancock.
f-h. Larva. Demerara. Presented by Dr. Hancock.
i. Larva. Demerara. From Mr. Snellgrove's Collection.
I-. Lai-va. Demerara. From Mr. Snellgrove's Collection.
1. Adidt. Demerara. Pi-esented by Captain Sabine.

vi-j). Larvae. South Amciica.

q. Larva. South America.

r-t. Lar^"8e. South America.

u, V. Larva and adult. South ^Imerica.

w. Adult : stuiFed. South America.

X. Adult : stufted. SoTith America. Presented by Mr. Leadbeater.

2. Pseudis minuta.

Snout rather broad, depressed, rounded in front. An oblique
■white stjcak from the back edge of eye to the angle of mouth ; a
Avhite stripe from the sliouldcr to the h}-pochondi-ium.

a. (Half-grown?): male. South America. Presented by Charles
Darwin, Esq.

This species agrees in nearly all its characters with Ps. paradoxa,
but is at once distinguished by its much smaller size, our specimen
being only one-sixth of the size of a yoimg Ps. paradoxu which has
not quite lost the tail. Above brown, vnih. darker spots ; belly
white, with some small irregular broAvn spots ; inner side of legs
with waved bro'mi longitudinal bands ; tAvo white streaks on each
side as mentioned. Vomerine teeth in a nearly uninterrupted
straight hne. On each side of the tongue a long cleft for two sepa-
rated internal subgular vocal sacs (perhaps united in fuU-growTi
specimens). Length from the .snout to anus 1"; hinder foot tAA^ice
as long as body.

2. OXYGLOSSUS.

Skin with, warts or nearly smootli. Fingers (juite free ; toes
webbed to their tips by a very extensible membrane ; tongue rather
elongate, not notched behind ; vomerine teeth none ; eustachian
tubes small ; tympamim indistinct. East Indies.

Oxyglossus, TscJiiidi, Bafr. p. 85 ; Diiiii. H; Bibr. viii. p. 332.

1 . Oxyglossus lima.

Bombinator lima, Mas. Liiqd. Bat. vt Fnuuof.

Oxyglossus lima, TsclnuU, Batr. p. S^ ; Dum. c^- Bibr. p. 334. pi. 80. f. 4.

Skin covered with small conical tubercles ; beneath with .symme-
trical rows of prominent pores ; tongue elongate, produced in a
pointed end behind ; metatarsus with two tubercles ; above brown,
son.etimes with a paler dorsal streak.

u-c. Adult and half-grown. .Java. From the Leyden Museum.

BATKACHIA SALIENTIA. 7

2. Oxyglossus laevis. (Plate I. %. A.)

Skin smooth, with a few scattered, small, smooth tubercles ;
tongue ovoid, roimded, not pointed behind ; metatarsus with only-
one tubercle. Brown, darker variegated, with or Avithout doi-sal
streak ; beneath whitish, throat brown-spotted.

a. Adult. Philippine Islands. With yellowish dorsal streak.
6. Adult. Philijjpine Islands. Without yellowish dorsal streak.

3. TOMOPTERNA.

Head large and thick, muzzle short ; extremities moderate.
Tongue large, oval, free, and deeply nicked behind. Vomerine
teeth in two obli(]iie series. Lower jaw with two bony promi-
nences. Eustacliiau tubes small; tympamun distinct. Fingers
free ; toes half- webbed ; a flat sharp-edged spur on the metatarsus.
Males with an internal subgular vocal sac. South Africa.

Pyxiccphalus, sp., Tschndi, Batr. p. 83; Dion. ^- Bibr. \iii. p. 44:^.
Toinoptenui, Bibron, 3Ii(S. Paris.

1. Tomopterna adspersa.

I'yxicephalus adspersus, (Bibr.) Tscluidi, Butr. p. 84; Duiti. S)- Bibr.
p. 444; Smith, III of S. Africa, Rvpt. pi. 49.

Lower jaw with two large, bony, tooth -like prominences in front ;
legs as long as body ; skin of the back vai\\ longitudinal folds. Olive,
vei-y finely white-spotted, with a white vertebral hne.
a. Very large specimen. Stuffed. Africa.
h. Very large specimen. Stuffed. Africa.

2. Tomopterna delalandii.

Pyxicephalus delalandii, {Bibr.) Tschudi, I. c. ; Dum. H,- Bibr. p. 445
pi. 87. f. 1 ; Smith, I. c. pi. 23.

Lower jaw with two very weak bony pi-ominences ; legs as long
as body ; skin of the back Avith smooth rounded warts. Olive, darker
marbled, with one, sometimes wath three white dorsal streaks.
a. Adult. South Africa. Presented by A. Smith, M.D.
6. Adult. South Africa.

3. Tomopterna marmorata.

Pyxicephalus mannoratus, Peters in Wieym. Archir, 1855, p. 56.

Legs longer than body ; snout obtuse ; tympanum small ; broA^Tiish
green, obscurely marbled with brown.
Boror ; Mozambique.

Rana subsigillata, A. Dumeril in Gnenn-Menevilles Revue et
Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 560, appears to belong to tliis genus. —
Hab. Gaboon.

4. RANA.

Hcibit gcnoi'ally moderate ; lingers quite free ; toes more or less
webbed, generally with broad web ; skin smooth, or with cutaneous or
glandular folds, sometimes with flat, in one species ^vith rough tuber-
cles ; never a large, paratoid-like gland ; vomerine teeth in two series
or groups. Tongue large, oblong, free, and deeply notched behind.
Tympanum generally distinct. Metatarsus with one or two bhint
tubercles. Males with two lateral vocal sacs, exceptionally wanting.
Cosmopolitan.

Rana, auctorum.

Rana et Strongylopiis, Tschudi, Butr. p. 78, 79.

1 . Rana kuhlii.

Rana kulilii, Schley. Mas. Lngcl. Batav. ; Uiau. ^~ Bib): p. 384.

Muzzle short ; tympanum indistinct ; skin with longitudinal or
transverse plaits ; toes with slightly swollen tips, broadly webbed ;
metatarsus with only one tubercle ; vomerine teeth small, in two
oblique series, convergent behind : lower jaw with two very promi-
nent, pointed, fang-hke apophyses in front. A yellowish cross band
between the eyes.

A. With longitudinal plaits.

a. Half-grown. Java. From the Leyden Museum.

B. With transverse plaits.

b. Adult. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

c. Young. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

d. Half-grown. Ningpo. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

C. Upper parts with small warts, each -nith a horny spine. Per-
haps a species.

e. Large female. Ningpo. From Mr. Cuming's Collection. — This

specimen exhibits only two blunt prominences in the lower jaw ;
but the form of all the parts is the same as in the other speci-
mens ; there is also a lighter indistinct cross band between the
• eyes, and this difference may prove to be only a difference of
sex or of age.

2. Rana macrodon.

Rana macrodou, Kiihl, Mus. Lm/d. Bat. : Tichndi, Butr. p. 80 (but
not p. 40) ; Ditm. &,• Bihr. p. 382.

Tympanum distinct, small ; skin smooth, with a plait above the
tympanum, no plaits on the occiput ; upper eyelid tubercular ; fourth
toe one-third longer than the fifth ; toes with slightly swoUen tips,
broadly webbed ; metatarsus with only one tubercle. Crown of head
one-half broader than upper eyelid. Vomerine teeth in two oblique
series, convergent beliind ; lower jaw with two very prominent.

BATKACUIA SALIiJNTIA. 9

pointed, tanf>-like apophyses in front, less conspicuous in the females
and younger individuals. East Indian Islands.

a. Adult male. Philippines. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

Ii. Adult female. Philippines.

c, <l. Young. Philippines. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

e. Half-grown. Philippines. — This specimen exhibits longitudinal

folds and a whitish vertebral Une, and is not without doubt

referred to the above species.

3. Rana vittigera.

Wuymaiui, Nova Acta, 1835, p. 225. t. 21. f. 1.

Tympanum moderate ; skin with short longitudinal folds ; fouilh
toe one-third longer than the fifth ; toes with slightly swollen tijis,
half- webbed ; metatarsus with two tubercles ; vomerine teeth in t^wo
obhquc series, convergent behind ; apophyses of lower jaw hardly
conspicuous.

This species, confounded by Bibron with E. tlgrina, is a distinctly
different species, not even gromng to the size of It. temporaria. In
habit and in coloration it is similar to R. t'ujrina ; it is greyish broAvn
above, -with darker irregular spots ; a triangular spot between the
eyes, generally diddcd into two by a -white vertebral hue, ninning
from the muzzle to the anus. The narrow whitish longituchnal line
on the hinder side of the calf of the leg is often wanting.

«. Adult. Xingpo. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.
h. Adult female. J^ingpo. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.
c. I^alf-gro^^^l. Ningpo. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.
(J. Young. Ningpo. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.
e-h. Adult and young. Hong Kong. Presented by J. C.Bowring, Esq.
/. Adid.t female. Loochoo. Presented by A. CoUie, Esq.
h,l. Adult and half-grown. China. Presented by J. C.Bowring, Esq.
m. Several specimens. China. Presented by J. Reeve, Esq.
it. Several specimens. Cliina. Presented by J. lleeve, Esq.
o-q. Adult and half-grown. China. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.
)■. Half-gro-\^Ti : not good state. China,
s. Half-groMTi. China. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.
t. Several specimens. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.
n-.v. Half-groAvn and young. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Col-
lection.
(/. Many specimens. Madras. Presented by J. C Jerdon, Esq.
r. Adult. i&x'A. From M. Parzudald's Collection.
ci-y. Adult. East Indies. Presented by the East India Company.
c. Skeleton of an adult. China. Presented by J. Reeve, Esq.

4. Rana tigrina.

Rana tigrina, Ihiud. Rain. p. 04. pi. 20, and Repi. viii. p. 125 ; Merr.
Tent. \i. 174; Cur. Rh/iic A)ii»i. ; Z^ww. i.^ -B/6/-. p. 875 ; Kclaarl,
Prwlr. Fatal. CeijJon. p. 192.

10 REPTILES.

Rana cancrivora, {Hole) Gravenh. Delic. p. 41 ; Tscfuidi, Butr. p. 79.

picta, Gravenh. I. c. p. 39.

brama, Less. Voy. Ltd. Orient. Bel. Rept. p. 329. pi. 6 (male).

Tympaniun moderate ; skin with short longitudinal folds ; fourth
toe one-third or one-half longer than the fifth ; toes wdth slightly
swollen tips, broadly webbed ; metatarsus with only one tubercle.
Vomerine teeth in two obliqiie series, convergent behind ; lower jaw
with two rather jirominent but blunt apophyses in front.

a. Adult. Borneo. From the Leyden Museum.

h, c. Adult and half-grown. Borneo.

iL Half-grown. Philippine Islands.

e. Half-grown. Philippine Islands.

/. Half-grown. Philippine Islands.

g, h. Adult and half-gro^^^l. China.

i. Half-grown : not good state. China.

h. Half-grown. Ningpo. From Mr. Cunung's Collection.

7. Young : bad state. Hong Kong. Presented by J. C. Bowriug, Esq.

m. Adult : skin. Bengal.

n. Adult. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

0, p. Young : bad state. Singapore.

q, r. Large female, Madras. Presented by J. C. Jerdon, Esq.

s. Adult. Madi-as. Presented by J. C. Jerdon, Esq.

t. Young. Nilgherries.

u. Adult. Ceylon. From Mr. Cimuug's Collection.

V. Adult. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

IV. Half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

.V. Young. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

y. Large male. India.

z. Hali'-growTi : very bad state. India.

a. Adult male : stufifed. India. Presented by Major Sykes.

(3. Adult female : stuffed. Incha. Presented by Major 8ykes.

y. Adult. ?

S-r). Adult. East Indies. Presented by the East India Company.
^. Adult : skeleton. East Indies. From M. Braconier's Collection.

5. Rana grunniens.

Rana grunniens, Daiul Rain. p. 65. pi. 21, and Rept. viii. p. 127 ;
llerr. Tent. p. 174 ; Dum. S,- Bibr. p. 380.

subsaltaus, Grarenh. Delic. p. 35. t. 7.

hydromedusa, (Ktihl) Tschudi, Batr. p. 80.

Tympanum small, half the width of upper eyelid ; skin smooth,
with very small plaits above the tympanum and on the occiput ; upper
eyehd tubercular ; fourth toe one-third longer than the fifth ; toes
with shghtly swollen tips, broadly webbed ; metatarsus with only
one tubercle. Crown as broad as upper eyelid. Vomeiiiie teeth in
two obUque series, convergent behind ; lower jaw with two rather
prominent but blunt apophyses in front. East Inches.

a. Adult : skeleton. Java.

ItATKAi:iIXA SALIK.NTIA.

C). Raua hexadactyla.

11

Raua liexadactyla, Lens. Vm/. Lid. On't'iit. Bel. Zuol. Rcpt. vi. p. Sol ;

TschiuU, p. 80.
Dactylethra buiiii:alt'nsis, Lens. III. Zool. \>\. 47.
Iiuna ciitipora, Dtim. c^- Bibr. p. JJ.'Jit.

Body smooth, with rows of pores round tho neck, sides and belly ;
Iocs and fingers pointed ; toes entirely webbed, fourth not very much
longer than tliird and fifth ; vomerine teeth in two oblique series,
convergent behind ; above brown, sometimes Avith a lighter verte-
bral line ; beneath whitish, sometimes variegated with brownish.

a. Adult. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.
6. Adult. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

c. Adult. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

d. Half-grown. Ceylon. From ]Mr. Cuming's Collection.

€. Half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection. Speci-
mens, native of ('eylon, do not appear to grow to the same size
as those coming from other parts of the East Indies.

/, y. Large specimens. Madi'as. Presented by J. C. Jerdon, Es([.

h. Yoimg. China. Presented by J. It. lleeve, Esq.

i. Young (tailed). Celebes.

k. Adult : stuffed. IncUa. From Mr. Wanvick's Collection.

7. Rana leschenaultii.

Dtim. l^- Bibr. p. 342 ; Cantar, Cdhil. 3Ia/in/. Rcpt. p. 138.

Body with small tubercles and warts, and roAvs of pores round the
neck, sides and belly ; toes and fingers pointed ; toes entirely webbed,
fourth not very mxieh longer than third and fifth. East Inchan Con-
tinent.

a. Adidt. ?

8. Rana rugosa.

liana rugosa, Sc/ile(/. Faun. Japan. R(pt. t. 3. f. 3, 4 ; Tschiuli, Batr.
p. 70 ; Dum. i^- liibr. p. 3U8.

Upper parts covered with very prominent irregular tubercles ;
fingers and toes with large subarticular tubercles ; toes webbed
nearly to the end, fourth one-third longer than fifth ; metatarsus
with two tubercles ; tympanimi moderate ; vomerine teeth in two
oblique series. Crown broad ; upper eyelid rough with tubercles.

o, b. Adidt. Japan. From the Leyden Museiun.
'J. Rana malabarica.

liana malabarica, Dum. i.y Bihr. p. 3(i."j ; Tschadi, Batr. p. 80 ; Kvlaart,
Prodr. Faun. Cei/lon. p. I'Jl.

Body smooth, with a feeble cutaneous fold on each side of the

1 2 EEPTILES.

back ; fingers and toes blunt at the tips, with large subarticiilar tu-
bercles ; toes shortly webbed, the fomth half as long as the tliird
and fifth ; metatarsus with two, metacarpus A\dth three tubercles ;
vomeiino teeth in two oblique series, convergent behind. Above,
between the folds, reddish brown, sides of head and body black,
M'hite-spotted behind ; upper lip white-edged. Malabar.

a. Adult. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

b. Adult. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

c. Adidt. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

t^ e. Adult and half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Col-
lection.
/. Half-gro-mi. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.
f/. Half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.
)(. Adult. India. Presented by Sir J. Eichardson.

10. Rana esculenta.

Gesnei; Hist. Anim. xi. p. 41 ; Rondekt, Aquat. Hist. Lib. tie Palnsfr.

p. 217; Schwenckfehi, Theriotroj)h. Sites, p. 157; Atdrov. Quad/:

Dir/it. Ovip. p. 591 ; Ray, Si/jtops. Meth. p. 247 ; Klein, Quad):

Dispos. p. 117; Rosel, Hist. Ran. p. 53. t. 13-16.
Eaua \-iridis, Linn. Faun. Siiec. p. 94 ; Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 103. pi. 31 ;

Dum. Sf Bihi: p. 343.
escidenta, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 357 ; Laur. Syn. p. 31 ; Miiller,

Zool. Dan. Prodr. p. 35 ; Dauhent. Diet. Anim. p. 650 ; Bonnat.

Erpetol. p. 3 ; Lacq). Quadr. Orip. i. p. 505 ; 3L'yer, Synops. Rept.

p. 12 ; Sturm, DeutscJd. Fauna, iii. Heft 1 ; Dunndurf, Zool. Beitr.

iii. p. 55; Lutr. Salam. p. 38, and Rept. ii. p. 148; Daiid. Rain.

p. 46. pi. 15. f. 1, and Rejjt. vlii. p. 90 ; Descript. de I'Eg. Suppl.

pi. 2. f. 11, 12 ; Cm: R^gne Animal ; Merr. Tent. p. 170 ; Griffith,

Anim. Kinqd. ix. p. 392 ; Eichiv. Zool. Spec. iii. p. 166 ; Wayl. Syst.

p. 203 ; Bonap. Faun. Ltal. ; Holandre, Faune de la Moselle, p. 220 ;

Schinz, Faun. He/ret. p. 148 ; Schley. Faun. Japan, vii. t. 3. f. 1 ;

Tschudi, Batr. p. 79.

ridibunda, Pallas, Lter.

cachinnans, (Pall.) Fichu: Faun. Caspio-Caxicas. p. 120. pi. 30.

palmipes, Spix, Test. t. 6. f. 1 .

maritima, Risso, Hist. Nat. Europ. Mer. iii. p. 92 ; Bonap. I. c.

alpina, Risso, I. c. p. 93 ; Bonap. I. c.

fulcarata, 3Iichahelles, Isis, ]s:i0, p. 160; Tschudi, p. 80.

tigrina, Eickw. Faun. Caspio- Caucus, p. 125.

liispanica, Bonap. I. c.

Body wath a glandular fold on each side ; toes not quite webbed
to the end ; metatarsus wdth two tubercles ; vomerine teeth in two
small groups between the inner nostrils. Male with an external
vocal sac on each side, behind the angle of mouth ; openings of the
vocal sacs moderate.

A. African specimens.

a, h. Adult. Tunis. From Mr. Fraser's Collection.

c. Young. North Africa. Froin Mr. Fraser's Collection.

HATUACIIIA SALIENTIA. 13

B. Earupeuti specimens.

d. Adiilt. South Europe. Presented by R. B. Webb, Esq.

e,f. Adidt. South Europe. Presented by R. B. Webb, Esq.

rj. Adult : skin. Italy.

h, i. Adult. Bononia. Presented by J. J. Bianconi.

l--n. Young and larvae. Bononia. Presented by J. J. Bianeoni.

0, p. Adidt. Turin. Presented l)y Prof. Bonelli.

q. Largo female. Himgary. As Pelopliylax riiJibuadus.

r, s. Adult and yoiuig : not good state. North Germany.

t. Half-grown. Hanover. Presented by Dr. J. E. (Iray.

u-w. Adult and half-gro-\vn. Cambridgesliirc.

.v-z. Adult and half-grown. Cambridgeshire. Presented by W.

Yarrcll, Esq.
a. Large specimen. Europe. Presented by the Hon. A. Russell,

as Rana ricUhunda.
(3. Large specimen. Eiu'ope.
y. Large specimen : stuffed. Europe.

c. Adult : skin. Europe.

€. Young. Guezaraa. Presented by W. C. Trevelyan, Esq.
(J". Adult : skeleton. Paris.
»;. Adult : skeleton. Europe.

C. Asiatic Sj^ecimens. Var. japonica.

d. Adidt. Euphrates Expedition.

1. Adult. Chusan.
k-. Adult. Chusan.

\-£. Half-gro-uni. Chusan.

0. Half-grown. Chusan. Presented by the East India C!ompauy.

TT. Adult : bad state. China.

p. Adult. Ningpo. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

(T. Adult. Ningpo. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

r. Half-groAvn. Ningpo. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

V. Half-gro-\vTi. Ningpo. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

</). Half-grown. Ningpo. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

j^. Half-grown. Ningpo. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

iP-aa. Adult. Japan. From the Leyden Museum.

bb, cc. Adult. Japan. From the Leyden Museum.

11. Rana haleciua.

Cateshy, Nat. Hist. Carol, i. pi. 70 ; Bartram, Travels in Carol, p. 278.

Rana halecina, Kalm, Iter Amer. iii. p. 46 ; Daud. Haiti, p. 63, and
Hept. viii. p.' 122 ; 3ferr. Tent. p. 175 ; JIarl. Sillim. Journ. x. p. 60,
and N. Amer. Rept. in Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phihid. \. p. 337 : Tschudi,
Batr. p. 70 ; Dinn. is- Bihr. p. 851 ; Ilolhr. N. Amer. Herpct. iv.
p. 01. t. 22 ; Hallou: in Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1856, pp. 141, 250.

virginiana, Lour. Si/n. Rept. p. 31.

pipiens, Gyn. Si/.it. Nat. iii. p. 1052 ; Bonnat. ErpH. p. 5 ; Donnd.

Zonl. Beitr. iii. p. 51 ; Schrch. Nafurf. xviii. p. 182. t. 4 ; Shan;
Zool. iii. p. 133 ; Scfmcid. Hist. Amp/i. p. 105. pi. 32.

palustris, Gu^rin, Iconogr. Rept. pi. 20. f. 1.

14 REPTILES.

Body with a glandular fold on each side ; toes not quite webbed
to the end ; metatarsus with one tubercle ; vomerine teeth in two
small groups between the inner nostrils. Above greenish, with
rounded darker spots. Male with an internal vocal sac on each
side, beneath the angle of mouth ; openincjs of the vocal sacs minute.

a. Adult. Mexico. From M. Pai'zudaki's Collection.

h. Adult. Philadel]ihia. From Mr. Cunaing's C-ollection.

c,(l. Half-gro^\■n. Lake Winnipeg. Presented by Sir J. Richardson.

e. Half-grown. Lake Winnipeg. Presented by Sir J. Richardson.

/, f/. Adult. Xorth America. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

h. Adult. North America. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

i. Adult. North America. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

h. Adult. North America. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

Z. Adult. North America. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

m. Adult. North America. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

n. Adult. North America. From Mr. Brandt's Collection.

0, p. Adult. North America.

q, r. Adult. North America. Presented by Edward Doubleday, Esq.

s. Adult. North America.

t. Adult : stuffed. North America. Purchased of Mr. Johnston.

12. Eana palustris.

Rana palustris, Lecoiife, Aim. Lye. New York, i. p. 282 ; HnrL SiUiin.
Jouni. X. p. 59, and Jour?i. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. v. p. 339 ; Dum. S^-
Bihr. p. 35(3 ; Holhr. N Amer. Herpet. iv. p. 95. pi. 23 ; Hnllow.
Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1856, pp. 141, 250.

Body with two glandular folds on each side ; toes not quite webbed
to the end ; metatarsus with one tubercle ; vomerine teeth in two
small groups between the inner nostiils. Above greenish, with a
row of squarish darker spots between the glandular folds. Male
without vocal sac. North America.

Hallowell (I.e.) mentions another species from the southern parts
of North America, Rana o.ri/rhynchits ; if it should prove to be a
different species, the name must be' altered, being preoccupied by an
African species of Siindevall.

13. Eana clamata.

Rana clamata. Dand. Rain. p. 54. pi. 52. f. 2, and i?ep<. viii. p. 204 ;

Had. in StUim. Journ. x. p. 63 ; Dum. .^- Bibr. p. 373.
clamitans, Mn-r. Tent. p. 175; Holhr. N. Amer. Herpetol. iv.

p. 85. pi. 20.
fontinalis, Leconte, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, i. p. 282 ;

Holbr. I. c. p. 87. pi. 21.
flavoviridis, Harl. I. c. and Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. v. p. 338,

and Med. Phys. Res. p. 103.

Tympanum very large ; on each side of back a glandular fold ; toes
broadlv webbed, fourth one-third longer than the third and fifth ;

IIATUACHIA SALIKNTIA. 15

metatarsus witli one tubcivlo ; vomerine teeth in two small groni)s
between the inner nostiils.

a. Adnlt : fine specimen. Xew York. As Rana magna.

b. Adult. Philadelphia. From Mr. Cuming's Collection (Rana

fontinaJis).

c. Half-grown. Georgia. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.
<■/, e. Adult. North America.

/. Adult. North America.

(/. Adult. North America.

h. Adult: skeleton. United States.

14. Bana mugiens.

Bull-frog, Cat. Nat. Hist. Carol, ii. p. . t. 72 ; Dnuhent. Diet. Anim.
Quadr. Ovip. p. 655 ; Lacep. Quadr. Ovip. i. 541 ; Bonnat. Ophiol.

Rana catesbiana, Shan-, Zoo/, iii. p. lOG.

mugiena, Mcrr. Tc/d. p. 175 ; Wagl. Si/st. p. 203 ; Tschudi, Batr.

p. 79 : Dam. ^- Bihr. p. 370.
pipions, IlarJ. in Sillim. Journ. x. p. 62, and Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc.

Philad. V. p. 3-')5; Cuv. Regne Anim. ; Holbr. N. Amer. Herpetol.

iv. p. 77. pi. 18.

Tympanum very large ; sldn smooth, without glandular folds ;
toes broadly webbed, fourth one-fourth longer than third and fifth ;
metatarsus with one tubercle ; vomerine teeth in two groups between
the inner nostrils.

a. Large specimen : bleached. North Amei-ica. Old Collection.

h. Large specimen. North Ameiica. Purchased of Mr. Jararach.

c. Large specimen. North America.

rl. Adult. North America.

e, f. Adult : bad state. North America.

q.h. Adult : stuffed. Delaware. Presented bv Edward Doubledav,

Esq.
». Adult : skin. North America. Piux-hased of Mr. Thomas.
/-. Adult : skeleton. America. Presented by the Zoological Society.

15. Rana lecontii.

Kana lecontii, Baird i^- Girard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sr. Philad. 1853, p. 301.

Snout moderatelj- pointed ; tongue elongate ; tympanum half the
width of the eye ; skin quite smooth, on each side a glandular fold.
Above dark olive, with rather large, circular black spots, lighter in
the centre ; a whitish line from just below the eye to the shoulder ;
a black spot at the base of the arm in front. Metatarsus -with one
tubercle ; vomerine teeth in two small groups between the inner
nostrils. San Francisco.

«, b. Half-grown. Mexico. J'rom M. Salle's Collection.
c. Half-grown. Mexico. From M. Salle's Collection.

16 BErXILES.

(/. Half-grown : not good state. Mexico. From M. Salle's Collection.

BcUy black-spotted.
e, f. Half-grown. Vera Cruz. From Mr. Cnraing's Collection.

Ki. Rana temporaria.

Gcsucr, Hist. Aiiiiii. ii. p. 58; Akh-ov. Quaclr. Digit. Orip. ii. p. (510;

Linn. Faun. Si«r. i. p. 250; Msel, Hist. Ran. p. 1. t. 1-8.
Kana tempovaria, Linn. Si/st. Nat. i. p. 357 ; Miillcr, Zool. Dan. Prodi:

p. 35; Fahr. Faun, firmil. p. 124; Bonnat. Erpet. p. 3; Lacep.

Quad): Orip. i. p. 528 ; Meyer, Syn. Kept. p. 12 ; Stiirni, Deutsehl

Fauna, iii. Heft 1 ; Donnd'. Zool. Beitr. iii. p. 52 ; Sehneid. Hist.

Amph. p. 113 ; Latr. Salani. p. 37, and Bept. ii. p. 150 ; SJiaw, Zool.

iii. p. 97. pi. 29 ; Daud. Rain. p. 16. pi. 15. f. 2, and Rept. viii.

p. 94 ; Merr. Tent. p. 175 ; Pennant, Brit. Zool. iii. p. 9 ; Risso,

Hist. Nat. Eur. 3Ierid. iii. p. 93 ; Cuv. Reyne Anim. ; Wayl. Syst.

p. 203 ; Jenyns, Brit. Vertehr. p. 300 ; Bonap. Faun. Ital ; Schinz,

Faun. Hclv. p. 143 ; Schley. Faun. Japon. pi. 3. f. 2 ; Tschudi, Batr.

p. 79 ; Bell, Brit. Rept. p.' 84 ; Eichw. Faun. Casjno-Cancas. p. 124 ;

Dum. ^- Bihr. p. 358.
Rana mnta, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 30.
scotica, Bell, I. c. p. 102.

A. European specimens.
* Rana oxyrhinus, Steenstrup, Amtl. Bericht uhcr die xxiv.
Versammlunr/ deutsch. Naturf. /t/f?, 1846,p.l31. — Muzzle
pointed ; first cimeiform prominent.

a. Adidt. Hanover. Presented bj Dr. J. E. Gray.

b, c. Adult and young. North Germany. Presented by Dr. J. E.

Gray.

d. Adult. Germany.

** Rana platyrhinus, Steenstrup, I. c. — Muzzle short, blunt ;
first cuneiform bone hardly prominent, covered with a thick
membrane aud forming a blunt tubercle.

e. Adult. Hanover. Presented by Dr. J. E. Gray.
f-h. Adult. Hanover. Presented by Dr. J. E. Gray.
7. Adult. Hanover. Presented by Dr. J. E. Gray.
1-. Adult. Exeter. Mus. Leach.

?, m. Adult and half-grown. Sm-rey. Mus. Leach.

n-p. Adult. England. Presented by the Zoological Society.

q-s. Adult. England.

t-v. Adult. Braid Hill. Presented by Prof. Bell.

w. Many specimens. Scotland.

.r. Adult: skeleton. England.

*/. Adult: skeleton. England.

z. Adult : skeleton. Scotland.

*** Rana arvalis, Nllsson, Scandinavisk Fauna, iii. p. 92. —
Muzzle moderate ; fii'st cxmeiform bone prominent.
a. Adult. Sweden. Presented by Prof. Sundevall.

ItATHACniA SALIENTIA. 17

ft-?. Adult and half-groA\Ti. Sweden. Presented by Prof. Sun-

devall.
e, ^. Adult. Bononia. Presented by J. J. Bianconi. In one of the

specimens the tubercle on the metatarsus is blunt, as in plafi/-

rJiinxis.

B. Asiatic specimetis.
Rana temporaria, var. japonica, ScMe<jel, I. c.

T). Half'-{j;rown. Ningpo. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

0, I. Young : bad state, Chusan. Presented by the East India

Company,
k, X. Young : bad state. Chusan.
fi-^. Adult. Japan. From the Leyden Museum.

C. American specimens,

Rana silvatica, Leconte, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New Yorh, i.
p. 282 ; Harlan, inSiUim. Journ. xiv. p. 58, and in Journ.
Ac. Nat. Sc. Phihul. v. 338 ; Tschudi, Batr. p. 79 ; Bum.
6,' Bihr. p. 362 ; Holhr. N. Amer. Herpetol. iv. pi. 24.
Rana pennsylvanica, Harl. I. c. p. 60. — Tympanum gene-
rally, but not always, rather larger than in the European
specimens.

o. Adult. North America.

TT-s. Adult and half-grown. North America. Presented by Edward
Doubleday, Esq.

r, V. Half-grown : bad state. North America. Presented by Dr.
J. Green.

0, v/-. Adult. Woods near Chekham.

b>. Some half-grown and young specimens. Great Bear Lake. Pre-
sented by Sir J. Richardson.

aa-dd. Adult and young. North America. From Dr. Gardiner's
Collection.

ee-g(j. Adult. North America.

17. Rana superciliaris. (Plate I. fig. B.)

Snout much elongate, veiy acute ; inner nostrils small, much nearer
the interior prominence of the eye than the tip of the snout ; tym-
panum nearly as large as the eye ; skin with long, strong longitu-
dinal folds ; upper eyelid with a small fold in front and another
deep one behind, the latter forming a free hinder edge. Toes not
webbed to the end, fourth one-thii-d longer than the third ; meta-
tai-sus with only one small tubercle. Vomerine teeth in two short
series, situated near the front edge of the inner nostril.

a. Adult male. Sierra Leone. Two lateral exterior vocal sacs.
Length of cleft of mouth f " ; length from the angle of mouth
to anus i" ; length of liinder leg 3^".

c

18 REPTILES.

18. Rana bibronii.
IlaUowell, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1845, p. 249.

Head longer than broad ; miizzle rather elongate and pointed ;
tympannm two-thirds the width of eye ; skin of the back "svith nar-
row longitudinal fokls. Legs and toes slender, half- webbed ; fom-th
toe one-tliird longer than fifth ; metatarsus with one tubercle. Vo-
merine teeth small, in two rather obHque scries, beginning from near
the front edge of the inner nostrils.

A whitish longitudinal band from the snout to anus ; above with
dark spots ; .sides of head brown ; a white band from just below the
eye to the shoulder ; beneath unifonn whitish.

rt. Half-grown. Gaboon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.
19. Rana grayi.

Smith, Blmtr. of the Zool. of S. Afr. pi. 78. f. 2.

Head nearly as long as broad, with moderate, rounded muzzle ;
tympanum circular, half the width of eye ; skin of the back and
sides with broad longituchnal folds, and flat tubercles between. Toes
rather elongate, webbed only at the base ; fourth toe one-third longer
than fifth ; metatarsus wdth one, rather prominent tubercle. Vomer-
ine teeth in two, rather obhque series, situated near the front edge
of the inner nostrils.

Bro%mish yellow, brown variegated with large brown spots above ;
temple brown ; beneath straw -yellow.

a-c. Adult and half- grown : discoloured. South Africa.
20. Rana mascareniensis.

Diim. Sr Bihr. p. 350 ; Bell, Zool. of the Beagle, liept. p. 32. pi. IG. f 2.

Body with six or eight longitudinal folds ; toes and fingers slender,
with bliuit tip and moderate subarticular tubercles ; toes not webbed
to the end, fourth one-thii'd longer than fifth and thii'd ; metatarsus
with one tubercle. Vomerine teeth in two obhque series. Tympanum
distinct, of moderate size. Greyish or bro-mi above, sometimes black-
spotted, Avith or without paler vertebral band. On each side of the
tongue a sHt for the vocal sac.

a. Adult : bad state. Isle de France. Presented by Charles Darwin,
Esq.

21. Rana fuscigula.

Duni. ($■ Bihr. p. 386 ; Sinith, M. of S. Aft: App. p. 22.

Head as long as broad ; muzzle rather short, rounded ; tympanum
distinct, moderate ; skin of back A^dth irregular longituchnal plaits ;
toes of moderate length, webbed to the tip, but deeply notched ; foiu-th

BATHAC'HiA salip;ntia. 19

toe one-tliird longer than fifth ; metatarsus witli only one tubercle ;
vomerine teeth in two groups between the internal nostrils.

a. Large specimen. Cape of Good Hope. Presented by the Earl of

Derby.

b. Adult male. Cape of (jcoodHoi)e. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

c. Adult. Cape of Good Hope. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

d. Adult. Cape of Good Hope. From Mr. Frank's Collection.

e. Adult. Ca]>e of Good Hope.

/. Large specimen : discoloured. South Africa.

g. Adult. South Africa. Presented l)y A. Smith, M.D.

h. Adult. West Africa. From Mr. Fraser's Collection.

22. Rana ox5rrhyiichus.

Sundevall; Smith, III of the Zool. of S. Afr. Rept. pi. 77. f. 2.

Head longer than broad; muzzle much elongate, pointed; tympanum
distinct, moderate ; on each side of l)ack a glandular fold ; toes of
moderate length, bioadly webbed ; fourth toe one-third longer than
fifth ; metatarsus Avith only one tubercle ; vomerine teeth in two
straight series between the inner nostrils.

a. Adult. Cape of Good Hope. From M. Parzudaki's Collection.

23. Rana galamensis.

Dutn. ^- Bibr. p. 3G7.

Skin smooth, with a broad glandular enlargement on each side ;
fingers and toes with moderate subarticular tubercles ; toes very
shortly weblied, fourth half as long as thii'd and fifth ; metatarsus
with one tubercle ; tongue not veiy deeply nicked behind ; vomerine
teeth in two oblique scries. Galam (Senegal).

24. Rana delalandii.

Dum. .§- Bihr. Erpetol. Gen6r. p. 388; Smith, I.e. pi. 77. f. 1.— Not
Bell, Zool. of the Beagle.

Head not much longer than broad ; muzzle moderate ; tympanum
distinct, rather large ; skin of back Avith longitudinal plaits ; hinder
legs slender ; fingers and toes much elongate, very slender ; toes half-
webbed ; metatarsus with only one tubercle ; vomerine teeth in two
small roundish gi'oups between the inner nostiils.

Bibron describes the vomerine teeth as " disposces siu' deux rangs
legerement obliques et contigu chacun de son cote a I'extremite in-
terne du bord antcrieur des narines." Our specimens, one of which
is named by Dr. A. Smith, agree in all the other character with the
original description of Bibron, only exhibiting the vomerine teeth
arranged as above described.

20 REPTILE?.

a. Adult. Cape of Good Hope. From M. Parziidaki's Collection.

b. Adiilt. South Africa. Presented by Dr. A. Smith.

c. Half-grown. South Africa. Presented by Cliarles Darwin, Esq.
d-f. Adult : bad state. Africa. Presented by Dr. Stanger.

g. Adult. Africa. From Mr. Frank's Collection as Kana fiiscigula.
Ji. Half-groAATi. Africa. From Mr. Frank's Collection as Rana gra-
cilis*.

25. Rana fasciata.

Ptana fasciata, Boic, Mas. Lugd. Bat. ; Diun. S,- Bih: p. 389 ; Smith,

I. c. pi. 78. f. 1.
Strongvlopus fasciatus, Tschudi, Batr. p. 79.
Eana delalaudii. Bell, Zool. Bvayle, Kept. p. 31. pi. 16. f. 1.

Head longer than broad ; muzzle pointed ; tympanum distinct,
rather small ; skin nearly smooth ; hinder legs veiy slender ; fingers
and toes much elongate, veiy slender ; toes only webbed at the base ;
vomerine teeth in a straight hne, interrupted in the middle, situated
between the front edge of the inner nostrils.

n. Adult. South Africa. Presented by A. Smith, M.D.

b. Adult : not good state. South Africa. Presented by Charles Dar-
win. Esq. Original specimen of Prof. Bell's description and
figure.

5. SPH^ROTHECA.

Habit similar to Pelobates ; head tliick, with short, rounded muzzle
and swollen, spherical occiputt ; extremities short, fingers free ; toes
five, half- webbed ; first cuneifonn bone with a flat, oval, shai|)-edged
spm-. Skin smooth, with indistinct scattered tubercles. Vomerine
teeth in two oblique series. Tongue cordiform, free and deeply
nicked behind ; eustachian tubes moderate ; tjTiipanum distinct.
Sacral vertebra not dilated. Male ^vith an external vocal sac. East
Indies.

1. Sphserotheca strigata. (Plate II. fig. A.)

Yellowish brown, with dark brown spots and a yellow band from
the muzzle to anus.

a. Many specimens. Madras. Presented by J. C. Jerdon, Esq.

b. Skeleton : male. Madi-as. Presented by J. C. Jerdon, Esq.

Description. — In habit similar to Pelobates ; head thick, rounded,
with short rounded muzzle and much-swollen occiput ; extremities
short ; fingers quite free, each with one or two very prominent tu-
bercles at the palmar surface ; metacai-pus with a larger, oval, outer
tubercle and with a smaller inner one ; toes five, of moderate length,

* In the printed, but not published, ' Nomenclator Reptilium Musaei Zoolog.
Berol.,' I find the name of Ea72a gracilis, Schlegel, from tlie Gold Coast. Wliat-
ever the characters of this species may be, the above specimen belongs to B. dc-
Inlandii. t arpcttfjct sphaera, and OijKi) cranium.

II ATKACniA SALI KXTI A .

21

half-webljed, with iudi.stiuct tubercles ; first cimeiforni bone with a
Hat, oval, shaqi-edgcd spur. Skin smooth, A\^th some small, indi-
stinct tubercles ; head above covered with moveable, smooth skin.
Nostril near the muzzle, very near the canthus rostrahs ; cleft of
mouth moderate ; tongue cordiform, free and deeply notched behind ;
in the males on each side of the tongue a cleft for the vocal sac ;
vocal sac external, formed by two lateral bladders communicating
in the middle. Inner narcs and eustachian tubes moderate ; tjnn-
pauum round(>d, distinct. Vomerine teeth in two oblique series, con-
vergent behind, but AAith an interspace between. Above yellowish
bro\\Ti, -nath a yellow dorsal band extending from the snout to the
anus ; u])])er parts with dark brown, sometimes confluent spots ;
crown with two oblique brown streaks beginning on the upper eye-
lid, convergent to^-ards behind, and separated by the yellow band ;
u brown streak from the eye along the canthus rostralis ; beneath
nearly uniform ^hite ; throat and vocal sacs brown. Size of Pdohates
fusciis.

6. CALYPTOCEPHALUS.

Habit toad-like ; head covered with a rugose shield ; extremities
short. Vomerine teeth forming an interrupted cross series between
the internal nostrils ; tongaie oval, entire and free behind. Eusta-
chian tubes rather large ; tympanum distinct. Fingers free ; toes
half- webbed ; a large blunt tubercle at the metacarpus. Male with
a vocal sac on each side of the throat. Chili,

Calj'ptocephalus, Bibr. 3Iiis. Paris ; Dum. ^ Bibr. viii. p. 447.
Peltocephalus, Tschudi, Batr. p. 81.

1. Calyptocephalus gayi.

Cahi^tocephalus gap, Bibr. 3Iiis. Paris ; Dum. ^- Bibr. p. 460.
Peltocephalus quoyi, Tschudi, I. c.

Above olive , varied with darker.

a. Adult : skeleton. Chili. From M. Braconier's Collection.

7. CYCLORHAMPHUS.

Habit moderate ; head short, flat, rounded in front. Fingers free ;
toes half-webbed, the tirst cuneiform bone forming a small rounded
prominence. Skin quite smooth. Vomeiine teeth in two small
groups ; tongue entire and free behind, oval ; eustachian tubes small,
tjTnpanimi hidden. Male Avithout vocal sac. Chili.

Cycloramphus, sp., Tschudi, Batr. p. 81 ; Dum. i^- Bibr. viii. p. 452.

1. Cyclorhamphus marmoratns.

Cycloramphus mannoratus, Dum. ^- Bibr. p. 455; Tschudi, in Wiegm.
Arch. 1845, p. 167.

Brownish, marbled with black, often with small while spots.

22 REPTILES.

a. Lan'te. Guuscomi. Presented by J. B. Peutland, Esq.

b. Several specimens not in a good state. Guascona. Presented by

J. B. Pentland, Esq.

^. PITHECOPSIS.

Habit moderate ; head short, flat, rounded in front. Fingers free ;
toes webbed, the first cuneiform bone forming a slight, roiuided pro-
minence. Skin smooth, with a large gland on each side. Vomerine
teeth in two oblique scries ; tongue entire and free behind, oval ;
eustachian tubes moderate, tympamim hidden. Male with an in-
ternal subgular vocal sac. Brazil.

Cycloramphus, sp., Tschudi, Batr. p. 81 ; T)iim. Sf Bibr. viii. p. 452.
rithecopsis, Bibr. Mus. Par.

1. Pithecopsis fuliginosus.

Pitliecopsis fuliginosus, Bibr. Mus. Par.

Cycloramphus fuliginosus, Tschudi, I. c. ; Dum. Sf Bibr. p. 454.

Uniform brownish, beneath finely whitish spotted.

9. LEIUPERUS.

Habit as in Bomhinator. Fingers completely free, toes webbed
at the base ; the first cimeiform bone prominent, tubercular. Tongue
oval, free and entire behind. Vomerine teeth none ; eustachian tubes
very small ; tympanimi distinct. Skin granular. South America.

Leiuperus, Dum. i^- Bibr. viii. p. 420.

1. Leiuperus marmoratus.

Dum. 8f Bibr. p. 421 ; HOrb. Voy. Amer. Merid. 1. 15. f. 1-4 ; Tschndi,
Faun. Per. Rept. p. 168.

Dark olive, marbled with bro-wn, sometimes with a whitish verte-
bral line. South America.

a. Half-grown. San Domingo.

2. Leiuperus salarius.

Leiuperus salarius, BcU, Zool. of the Beagle, Rept. p. 39. pi. 18. f. 1.

Bad state. Port Desire (Patagonia). Presented by Charles Darwin,
Esq. The specimen is undoubtedly a half-grown Pleurodema
hnfontum : the form, the toes, even the lumbar gland (over-
looked by Prof. Bell) are the same as in that species. But the
condition of the specimen, the palate having been entirely de-
stroyed, is not such as to allow me to give a decided opinion.

BATUACIIIA SALIICNIIA. 23

lU. LIMNOCHARIS.

Tongiie oval, entire, hinder edge free. Teeth ? Nose truncated.

Tympanum conspicuous, circular. Sldn all smooth. Fingers free.
Toes webbed at the base (Bell).

Bell describes the dentition thus: "Palatine teeth in two small
groups, one in a line contiguous with the front margin of the inner
nostrils, and a second at some distance behind them, close within the
rise of the maxillary arch." As far as I can sec, there were no
palatine teeth at all ; liut if they arc supposed to be lost, they must
have been implanted in a scries in front of the inner nostrils, much
interrupted in tlic middle. The second scries is merely imaginary,
and nothing more than the shai-p, quite smooth i-idge of the os pa-
latinimi. The snout tnineated, produced beyond the mouth ; the
maxillaiy arch is angularly bent, so as to fonn a straight front
series of maxillary teeth. Otherwise the specimen is not in such
a condition as to allow me to give my own diagnosis of this
Batrachian.

Limuocharis, Be//, Zool. of the Beagle, Rept. p. 32.

1. Limnocharis fuscus.
Bell, I. c. p. 33. t. 16. f. 3.

Above dark brown ; thighs lighter, obscurely banded vnih. dark
broAvn ; beneath pale bluish grey ; the tkroat dotted with brown.

a. Veiy bad state. RioJaneii'o. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq.

11. HYLORHINA.

Habit stout ; head short, thick, broad ; extremities moderate ;
fingere very long, tpiite free ; toes rather long, slightly webbed at
the base, fringed ; metatarsus with one blunt tubercle. Skin with
small Hat warts : no lumbar gland. Vomerine teeth in one straight,
uninteriiipted series. Tongue circular, free and entire behind ;
eustachian tubes moderate ; tj-mpanum not very distinct. Sacral
vertebra not dilated. Chili.

Ilylorhiua, Bell, Zool. of the Beagle, Re^yt. p. 44.

1 . Hylorhina silvatica.

Ilylorhiua fsyh atica, Bell, I. c. pi. ID. f. 1.
Brown, beneath dii-ty whitish.
a. Adidt female. Chiloc. Presented by Charles Danvin, Esq.

24 REPTILES.

12. PYXICEPHALUS.

Head large and thick, muzzle very short, extremities rather short.
Tongiie large, roiinded, free and hardly nicked behind. Vomerine
teeth in one interrupted series. Eustachian tubes rather small;
tympanum hidden. Neck with paratoid-hke glands. Fingers free ;
toes half- webbed ; a flat, sharp-edged spur at the metatarsus. Sacral
vertebra not dilated. Tropical America.

Pyxieephahis, sp., Tsrkudi, Batr. p. 83 ; l)um. S)- Bihr. viii. p. 446.

1. Pyxicephalus americanus.

Dum. i^-Bibr. p. 446 ; Bell, Zool. of the Becujlv, Eept. p. 40. pi. 18. f. 2.

On each side of the neck three large paratoid-like glands.

rt, b. Adult. Brazil.

c. Young : bad state. Montevideo. Presented by Charles Darwin,
Esq.

13. CERATOPHRYS.

Body stout, head very large, extremities short; cleft of mouth
very large ; edge of upper eyelid more or less produced into a point,
so as to form a long hom or only a triangle. Skin with tubercles or
cutaneous folds. Fingers free ; toes more or less webbed ; first
cuneiform bone with a flat, oblong, rather sharp-edged tubercle.
Tongue heart-shaped ; palatine teeth in two groups ; eustachian
tubes moderate ; tjTnpanum more or less hidden. South America.

Ceratophrys, Bote, in WiecFs Beitr. p. 569 ; Wagl. Sijst. p. 203 ; Cuv.

Regne Atmn. ; Tschudi, Batr. p. 82.
Phrjnoceros, (Bibr.) Tschudi, I. c.
Hemiphractus, Wogl I c. p. 204.
Stombus, Gravenh. Isis, 1825, p. 952.
Bufi), sp., Rana, sp., mict. prior.

1 . Ceratophrys cornuta.

Seba, i. 72. 1, 2 ; Klein, Quadr. Disjms. p. 120.

Rana conuita, L. Mus. Ad. Fried, p. 48, and St/st. Nat. i. p. 356 ;

Donnd. Zool. Beitr. iii. p. 47 ; ScJincid. Hist. Amph. p. 125 ; Shaw,

Nat. Misc. pi. 76 ; Tilesius, Magazin drr Gesrllsch. Ntrf. Freunde in

Berlin, 1809, p. 92. t. 3, and Kru^ensfern's lieise, t. 6.
Bufo cornutus, Laiir. Syn. p. 25 ; Daub. Quadr. Ovip. p. 603 ; Lacep.

Quadr. Orip. p. 604 ; Bonnat. Erpet. p. 16 ; Shuiv, Zoul. iii. p. 162.

pis. 48, 49. _

Ceratophiys dorsata, Wied, Abbildg. tab. and Beitriige, i. p. 577 ;

Wagl. icon. t. 22. f. 1, 2, and Syst. Amph. p. 204 ; Tschudi, I. c. ;

Dum. ^ Bibr. p. 431.
Stombus dorsatiis, Gravenh. Delic. p. 49.
Ceratophrys varia et clypeata, Cut: Reqne Aititn.
comuta, Sehlegel, 'Abb. t. 10. f. 1, 2.

UATKACniA SALIENTIA. 25

Back with a bony dorsal shield ; toes very slightly webbed at the
base ; tympanum distinct.

a. Large specimen. Brazil. — In the stomach I Ibiuid a t'ldl-grown

Cystiyna thus fuse us.

b. Adult. Brazil. Presented by Lord Stuart.

c. Very large specimen : skin. Brazil.

2. Ceratophrys boiei.

Ceratophrys boiei, Jf'icd, lieitr. i. p. 592 ; Dum. ^ litbr. p. 4;37.
Stonibus eorniitu.?, Gravcnh. Isis, 1825, p. 952.

boiei, Graveith. Belie, p. 50. t. 9. f. 1, 2.

Ceratophrys granosa, Cuv, Heyne Anim. ; Guerin, Iconoyr. Rcpt.
pi. 2G. f. 2.

Back without bony shield ; a transverse crest between the eyes ;
toes slightly webbed at the base ; tympanum indistinct.

a. Adult male. Brazil.

b. Adult female. South America.

c. d. Adult. vSouth America. Purchased of Mr. Argent.
e. HaLf-groflTi. South America.

/. Half-grown. Soi^th America.

3. Ceratophrys megastoma.

Bufo corniitus, Baud. Rain. p. 102. pi. 38, and Rcpt. viii. p. 21-1

(synon. wrong); Latr. Rcpt. ii. p. 117. f. 1.
Rana megastoma, Spix, Test. t. 24. f. 1.

Ceratoplirj's daudiui, Cur. Regne Anim. ; Dum. ^- liibr. p. 440.
Phrynoceros ?, Tschudi, Batr. p. 82.

Back -without bony shield ; no crest between the eyes ; toes broadly
webbed ; tympanum distinct. South America.

4. Ceratophrys omata.

Uperodon ornatmn. Bell, Zool. of the Beagle, Rept. p. 50. pi. 20. f. 2.
Trigonophrys rugiceps, Ilalhnrell, Proc. Ac. A^'at. <SV. Philad. 1856,
p. 298, and Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1858, pi. 30.

Back with a bony dorsal shield; upper eyehd sUghtly pointed,
triangular ; toes haljf- webbed ; tympanum indistinct.

a, b. Adult male and female. Buenos Ayres. Presented by C^harles
Dan^dn, Esq. — Original specimens of BeU's description and
figiire.

c. Adidt female. Parana. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

d. Large specimen : stuffed. South America. Presented by Lieut.

Maud, ll.N.

This species is so closely allied to Ceratophrys cornutus, that one can
hardly uiulerstand how one naturalist could have placed it in a genus
of Bufonida;, and how another coidd have not only established a new

26 REPTILES.

genus for it (as if it were a new and remarkable form), but likewise
have overlooked the characteristic figure of it in a work so well
known as the " Zoology of the Beagle." As for the vocal sac —
which is wanting altogether according to HaUowell's examination —
the internal subgiilar vocal sac is not only present, but the usual
openings on each side of the tongue are so large (even in a rather
small, of coiu'se male, individual) that a tliick pencil may be introduced
into them. I have but little doiibt that Spix has already given a
description of this animal, with a bad figau'e, as Rami scutata.
"VVagler aftei^wards fonued it into his genus Hemiphractus.

14. HETEROGLOSSA.

Head nearly as long as the body, and about as long as broad ;
nine teeth in the lower jaw (?) ; no palatine teeth ; eustachian tubes
small ; tongue suboval, deeply notched behind, attached by a cylin-
drical pedicel at the centre, entirely free in its posterior half, bound
down anteriorly along the middle line by cellular tissue, reaching
from the tip to the pedicel, free laterally except at the a^^ex ; fingers
free ; toes webbed at the base ; tympanimi distinct {HaUoivell).
Sacral vertebra ?

Heteroglossa, Hallowell, Proc. Ac. Phi/ad. 1857, p. G4.

1. Heteroglossa africana.

Hallo well, I. c.
Chocolate-brown above ; abdomen ash-coloured. Gaboon.

Fam. 2. CYSTIGNATHID^.

Ranina with free toes, cj'lindi-ical processes of sacral vertebra,
and without paratoids.

Synopsis of the Ocnera.

1. Cystignathus. Vomerine teeth in two groups or in two oblique

or curved series ; never a large gland. Tropical America ;
Africa (Australia).

2. Pleurodema. A large gland on each loin. South America.

3. Limnodynastes. Vomerine teeth in a straight line ; no large

gland on the loin. Australia.

1. CYSTIGNATHUS.

Extremities moderate ; fingers quite free ; toes free, sometimes
veiy slightly webbed or fiinged. Skin smooth, or with cutaneous or

BATKACHIA S.ILIKNTIA.

27

gliUicUilar folds ; never u large paratoid-Kkc gland. Vomcirinc teeth
in two more or less oblique series or groups, uever plaeed in a straight
line. Tongue subcircular or oval, entire or slightly nicked behind.
Tympanum distinct or hidden. Males cither with a single subgular,
or with two lateral vocal sacs, always with two slits at the sides of
tongue. South America ; Africa (Australia).

Crinia, I'schmU, Bair. p. 78.

Oystignatluis, Waijl. Si/st. Ajnph. p. 203 ; Diwi. i^- JBibr. viii. p. 1502 ;

Tschudi, Batr. p. 78.
Rana, sp., ouct. prior.

1. Cystignathus ocellatus.

Seba, i. 75. 1.

liana occllata, L. Mus. Ad. Fried, ii. p. 39, and Syat. Nat. i. p. 356 ;

Sfhncid. Hist. Amplt. p. 116; Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 108. pi. 34; Daud.

Rain. p. 61. pi. 19, and Rept. viii. p. 118; 3Ierr. lent. p. 176;

Graveuh. Uclic. p. 42 ; Cuv. Regne Anim.

pentadactyla, Laur. Syn. Rcpt. p. 32.

mugiens, var., Lacip. Quadr. Ocip. i. p. 543 ; Bonnat. Erpet.

P- ^-
rubella, Daud. Rain. p. 50. pi. 17. f. 1, and Rcpt. viii. p. 109 ;

Latr. Ript. ii. p. 160.

(rigas, Spix, Test. t. 1.

pach}'pu.s, id. t. 2. f. 1, 2. t. 3. f. 1 ; Wied, Beitragc, i. p. 540 ;

(rravenh. Delic. p. 43.
mystacea, coriacea, pygmaea, Spix, Test. t. 3. f. 2, 3. t. 5. f. 2.

t. 6. f. 2.

sibilatiix, Wied, Beitr. i. p. 545, and Rec. PI. Col. pi. f. 2.

Cystignathus paclivpu.-;, Jfar/l. Si/st. p. 203, and Icon. Ainph. t. 21.
ocellatus, Tschudi, Butr. p. 78; Bam. ^- Bibr. p. 396. pi. 87.

f. 4 (mouth).

Toes fringed on each side ; metatarsus with one tubercle ; tym-
panum distinct ; vomerine teeth in two arches ; skin smooth, in
younger individuals with longitudinal folds.

a. Many specimens. Rio Janeii-o. Presented by Charles Darsvin,

Esq.
b-d. Half-grown. Para. Presented by R. Graham, Esq.
e-ff. Adult and half-grown. Brazil.
h, i. xVdult. Brazil.

fc. Adult. Brazil. From M. Parzudaki's Collection.
/. Adult : skin. Brazil. Presented by Mre, Parker.
m. Half-grown. Brazil.

n. Adult male. Dominica. Mus. Guilding as Rami delicatissima .
0. Large specimen. Dcmerara. Presented by Col. E. 8abine.
p. Adult. South America. From Mr. Bates's Collection.
q, r. Adult. South America. From Mr. Brandt's Collection,
s. Large specimen : stiiffed. South America.
t. Large specimen : stuffed. South America. From the Haslar

Collection.
u. Large specimen : skin. South iimerica.

28 KEPTILES.

V. Large specimen : skin. South America. From Mr. Stevens's
Collection.

IV. Yoimg : not good state. South America.

■r. Adult: skeleton. Brazil.

y. Adult : female. South America. From a specimen of the Old
Collection.

z. Large specimen : skeleton. Brazil. From M. Braconier's Col-
lection.

2. Cystignathus caliginosus.

Leptodactylus caliginosus, Glranl, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1853,
p. 422.

Toes fringed on each side ; metatarsus with two tubercles ; tym-
panum distinct ; vomerine teeth in two slightly arched series behind
the inner nostrils ; skin smooth, with a few scattered flat small
warts. Above browTi with some obsolete darker spots ; on the occiput
a large angular dark blotch.

a-c. Adult male and female. South America. From the Mus.

Guihhng as Rana gregavia.
d-g. Adult and young. South America. Mus. Guilding.

3. Cystignathus fuscus.

Rana fiisca, ScJuiei'd. Hist. Amph. p. 130.

tj-phonia, Dmul. Rain. p. 55. pi. 56. f. 3, 4.

virginica, Men: (not Lata-.) p. 177.

Cystignathus typlioniiis, I}um. ^ Bihr. p. 402.

Toes not fringed ; tympanimi distinct ; vomerine teeth in two
arches, each very convex.

a. Adult. Pemambuco. Presented by J. P. G. Smith, Esq.
5. Adult: stuffed. Antigua.

c. Adult : stuffed. South America. From the Haslar Collection.

d. Large specimen : stuffed. South America. From Mr. Argent's

Collection.

e. Adiilt : skin. Soiith America.

/. Half-grown. South America. From Mr. MacGilHvray's Collection.

4. Cystignathus gracilis.

Cystignathus gracilis. Dam. ^- Bibr. p. 406; D'Orbi(jny, Voy. Amer.
3Ierid. t. 13. f. 5-7.

Tympanum distinct ; vomerine teeth in a long, narrow cross scries,
scarcely internipted in the middle, and placed behind the internal
nostrils ; each part shghtly convex. Snout conical, pointed ; upper
jaw produced far beyond the lower. A white dorsal band.

((-c. Adult males. Para. Presented by 11. Graham, Esq.
d. Adidt female. St. Marthe.

liATRACUIA SALIENTIA. 29

5. Cystignathus schomburgkii.

Cvstifrnathua f!ohombur<rkii, Troschel, in Gay, Ilistoria Jistra de Cldle,
' 184S, and Wifijm. Archir, 1849, p. 59.

T3Tnpaniim distinct ; vomerine teeth in two rather convex series,
scarcely separated in the middle, situated behind the inner nostrils.
Snout rather pointed ; third finger not much longer than first ; second
much shorter, nearly as long as foiu'th ; toes not fringed. Above
broAvn, beneath lighter ; no white dorsal band.

a. Adult. Brazil. From the Leyden Museum. — It is not without
doubt that I refer this specimen to the above species, as it
differs from Prof. Troschel's description in ha^•ing a black streak
from the snout through the eye to tlie loin, and black spots on
the sides. The upper hp is white, black-edged.

6. Cystignathus taeniatus.

Girard, Proc. Ac. Nut. Sc. Phihul 1854, p. 226, and U.S. Naval
Astroii. Expcd. 1855, ii. p. 207. pi. 34. f. 8-11.

Two black dorsal stripes, a black stripe from the snout througli
the nostril and eye to the shoulder ; belly uniform yellowish ; snout
modcratelj' pointed ; tympanum small, nearly the size of half the eye.
Vomerine teeth situated a little behind the inner nares, upon two
veiy small eminences, well separated upon the middle of the
palate. Santiago (Cliili).

7. Cystignathus omatus.

Holbrook, N. Amer. Ifeqxtol. i\. p. 10.3. pi. 25.

Body and head short, as in Hi/la vir'ulu ; skin smooth ; tympanum
distinct ; tongue nearly circular ; vomerine teeth in two rounded
groups behind the inner nostrils. Dove-colour above with oblong
spots of dark bro-rni, margined Avith yellow.

a. Adult. Georgia. From Mr. Cuming's Collection. — Differs in
having the back of a uniform olive - colour ; sides A\dth three
black spots, viz. a streak from the eye to the shoulder, an oval
spot in the middle of the sides, and one or two smaller ones on
the loin.

8. Cystignathus nodosus.
Dian. S,- Bibr. p. 413.

Tympanum inchstinct. Vomerine teeth in two small, rather
obliquely arranged groups between the inner nares ; fingei's and
toes with large subarticular enlargements.

a. Adult. Chili. Presented by Charles Danvin, Esq. — With yel-

loAAish dorsal streak.

b. Half-groAvn : bad state. South America. Presented by Charles

Danvin, Esq.

30 REPTILES.

9. Cystignathus senegalensis.

Cystignathiia senegalensis, Dum. S,- Bihr. p. 418 ; Smith, Ulusfr. of
S. Africa, t. (32.

Head and body short and swollen, quite smooth ; tympanum
indistinct ; vomerine teeth in two small, obliquely arranged groups
on a level with the hinder edges of the inner nostrils ; tongue heart-
shaped. Greyish or yeUo^vish, with thi'ee broad brown longitudinal
bands. South and West Africa.

a. Adult male. South Africa. Pi'esented by A. Smith, M.D.

10. Cystignathus argyreivittis.

Peters, Wiegm. Archiv. 1855, p. 55.

Brownish black, with four white dorsal bands ; joints of the
extremities M'hite banded or spotted. Boror (Mozambique).

11. Cystignathus georgianus.

Cystignathus georgianus, Bibr. MSS. ; Dum. cV Bihr. p. 416 ; Bell,

^ Zool. of the Beadle, litpt. p. 23. t. 16. f. 4.
Crinia georgiana, Tschudi, Batr. p. 78.

Tjnnpanum indistinct ; vomerine teeth in two very small groups
beliind the veiy small inner nostrils ; tongue oblong, entire behind ;
head moderately elongated ; toes qiute free. Bro-mi, with rose-
coloiu'cd spots, or ^^"ith two broad rose-coloured lateral bands.

a-d. Half-grown and adult : not good state. AustraHa. Presented

by Ch. Darmn, Esq.
e. Adult female. Australia. Presented by A. Giinther, M.D.
/, g. Adult. Port Essington. Presented by Dr. Fleming.
h. Adult. Port Essington. Presented by Dr. Fleming.

Of the two follo^ving species we have only the original specimens,
upon which Professor Bell has founded his genus Borhoroecetes, with
the species grai/ii and hibronii : these have suftered so much, as not
to allow me to give my own description of them. On the other hand,
neither the descriptions nor the figures given by Prof. Bell offer suffi-
cient characters for their separation as a (hfferent genus. I therefore
place them among the Ci/stignathi, and refer to the descriptions of
the " Zoology of the Beagle."

12. Cystignathus grayii.

Borborocoetes grani, Bell, I. r. Rept. p. 30. t. 17. f. 2.

Vomerine teeth in two oblique series behind the inner nostrils ;
wrist without tubercle.

a. Very bad state. Valdi\'ia. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq.

DATKACIIIA SALIENTIA. 31

13. Cysti^athus bibronii.

Borborocoelos bibronii, Bell, I. c. p. 35. pi. 17. f. 1.
OystigTiathiis bibronii, Brit. Mas. (not Dum. >^- Bihr.).

Yomorine teeth in distinct oblique groups behind the inner nos-
trils. Wrist Avith two tubercles.
a. Very bad state. Chonos. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq.

2. PLEURODEMA.

Head rather short, vnih obtuse muzzle ; extremities moderate ;
fingers free, with a nidimentaiy thumb ; toes more or less distinctly
webbed or fringed ; metatarsus with two small blunt tubercles.
Sldn smooth, or with flat scattered warts ; on each loin a large pa-
ratoid-likc gland. Vomerine teeth in two groups. Tongue subcir-
cular, slightly nicked behind. Eustachian tubes moderate. Sacral
vertebric not dilated. South America.

Plem-odema, Tschudi, Batr. p. 84 ; Bell, Zool. of the Beagle, Rept. p. 3G.
Cystignathus, .sp., Dum. ^- Bihr. viii. pp. 407, 410.

1. Pleurodema labynnthicuin.

Raua labyrintbica, Spix, Test. p. .31. t. 7. f. 1, 2.
Cystignathus labyrinthicus, Dum. cV Bibr, p. 407.

Lumbar gland enormous, covering nearly the whole side, depressed,
flat, irregular. Tympanum distinct.

a, h. Large specimens. Brazil. From the Leyden Museum.

c. Large specimen : male. Pemambuco. Presented by J. P. Cr.

Smith, Esq.

d. Large specimen : skeleton. Bahia.

e. Large specimen : male : stuffed. South America. From Mr. Ar-

gent's Collection.
/. Large specimen : female : stuffed. South America,
f/. Large specimen : stuffed. South America.
h. Large specimen : stuffed. Para. Purchased of Mr. Bagaly.

2. Pleurodema bufonium.

Bell, Zool. of the Bear/le, Rept. p. 39. pi. 17. f. 5.
? Leiuperus salarius, Bell (see page 22).

Lumbar gland large, longer than the head is broad, depressed,
flat, eUiptical. Toes nearly half- webbed. Tympanum inrlistinct.

a. Adult. Port Desire (Patagonia). Presented by Ch. Danvin, Esq.

b. Adult. Port Desire (Patagonia). Presented by Ch. Dansin, Esq.

3. Pleurodema bibroni.

Pleurodema bibroni, Tschudi, Batr. p. 85.
Cystignathus bibroni, Dum. &,- Bibr. p. 410. pi. 87. f. 2.
Pleurodema darwinii, elegans, Belt, Zool. of the Beagle, Rejd. pp. 36,
37. pi. 17. f. .3, 4.

32 EEPTILES.

Lumbar gland prominent, rounded, oval, not longer than head
broad. Toes shghtly fringed in all varieties. Tympanum indistinct.

Var. A. Without dorsal streak ; lumbar gland whitish, a black
spot in the centre.

a. Adult. Maldonado. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. — Original
specimen for Prof. Bell's PJcurodema daru'inn not being in a
good state, and having lost the vomerine teeth.

h, c. Adult. ChiH.

d. Adult. Chili. From M. Parzudaki's Collection.

e. Adult. Chili. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.
/. Adiilt. Shores of Pacific Ocean.

g, h. Adult. South America. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq.
i. Adult. South America. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq.
l\ Adult female. South America. Presented by Charles Darwin,
Esq.

Var. B. With an iuchstinct dorsal streak, conspicuous only in
front on the muzzle and on the coccyx. Lumbar gland black, with
some small white spots in the centre.

I. Adult male. Venezuela. From Mr. Dyson's Collection.
m. Half-grown. Venezuela. From Mr. Dyson's Collection.

Var. C. Back with a broad whitish longitudinal streak : Pleuro-
dema elegans, Bell.

n. Adult. Chiloe. Presented by Charles Dai-win, Esq. Original

specimen of Prof. Bell's figure.
0. Adult. Chili. From Mr. Bridge's Collection.
2). Adult. South America. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq.
q-s. Adult. South America. Presented by Charles Dai-niu, Esq.

Intennediate between Var. A. and Var. C.

3. LIMNODYNASTES.

Habit rather stout, sometimes with large head ; extremities
rather short ; fingers quite free ; toes quite free or sometimes sUghtly
webbed or fringed. Skin smooth or with scattered flat warts, in
one species a large gland on the calf. Palatine teeth in one long,
straight, in the middle harcUy interrapted scries, behind the inner
nostrils. Tongue more or less cii'cular, nearly entire behind. Inner
nostiils and eustachian tubes moderate ; tympanum hidden. Males
mth an external subgular vocal sac. Australia.

Wagleria, Girard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philacl vi. p. 421.
Perialia, Gray, hi Ut/re^s Joiini. Exped. Centr. Avstr. i. p. 406.
Limiiodynastes, Fitzinge); Syst. Rept. p. 31 ; Gray, MSS.
Cvstiiriiathus, sp., Bum. ^- Bibr. viii. p. 409; Gray, in Capt. Grey''s
' West Austr. p. 446.

liATltACHlA SALTKNTIA. 33

1. Limuodyiiastes dorsalis.

LimiioJyna:)te3 dorsnlis, (Iraij, 3LSS.

Cystifirnatluia dorsalis, Gnii/, in Cupt. drey's West Austr. p. 440, and,

ill Eyre's Juurn. Ejrped. Coitriil Austr. i. A2ip. p. 407. pi. 1. f. 2.
? Cyatignatlms peronii, Dum. ^- liibr. p. 40t).

On each calf a large paratoid-like gland. Head largo, broad ; snout
of moderate length, rounded ; tongue circular, entire behind. Above
bro^^^l, with large, dark, more or less confluent spots ; a narrow
whiti.sli vertebral Une.

a. Adult. West Australia. Presented by J. Gould, Esq.
6. Half-grown. West Australia.

c, d. Adult. Port Essington. Presented by Dr. Fleming*.
e. Adult. Houtmans Abrolhos.

2, Limnodynastes tasmaniensis. (Plate II. fig. B.)

No large gland. Head moderate ; snout produced, depressed, flat ;
tongue cordifomi, very slightly nicked behind. Above olive, darker
spotted, with a narrow whitish vertebral line.

a-c. Adult. Tasmania. Presented by R. Gunn, Esq.

d, Adult. New Holland. Presented by the Earl of Derby.

e, f. Half-grown. New HoUand. Presented by J. B. Jukes, Esq.

Description. — In habit similar to Diseoglossus ; snout rather pro-
duced, depressed, flat, rounded in front, canthus rostralis obtu.se ;
nostrils in the middle between eyes and end of snout ; eyes mode-
rate, rather prominent ; cleft of mouth moderate ; a glandular fold
behind the angle of mouth. Tongue cordiform, veiy shghtly nicked
behind ; on each side an opening for the single subgular vocal sac in
the male. Inner nares and eustachian tubes small, round ; vomerine
teeth in a nearly straight, in the middle hardly interrupted line,
behind the inner nares. Fingers four ; in the adult female the two
inner ones broadly fringed ; carpus vnth. three flat tubercles ; toes
five, slightly webbed at the base, slightly fringed ; metatarsus with
two small soft tubercles. Skin smooth, some warts hardly conspi-
cuous. Sacral vertebra not dilated. Olive, ■«'ith large and snudl
dark spots, and a whitish hnc from the muzzle to the amis ; a dark
streak along each canthus rostraUs. Beneath uniform wliitisli.
Length of an adult female If" ; length of the hinder extremity 2^" ;
length of the front extremity 1".

3. Limnodjmastes omatus.

Diseoglossus omatus. Gray, ZooL Misc. p. 5.

Perialia ornata, Gray, in Et/re's Journ. Expcd. Centr. Austr. i. App.
p. 407. pi. 2. f. 2. ■

* In the stomach of cup of these specimens I found a half-gi'own Heleioporui
ullio-guftafus: see p. '3',t.

34 REPTILES.

No large gland. Head moderate ; nostrils near the muzzle ;
tongue oval, entire behind ; toes slightly webbed ; palatine teeth as
in the other species. Grey, symmetrically marbled with blackish
grey on the back ; a large whitish spot on the neck.

a. Adult. N. Australian Expedition. Presented by J. R. Elscy, Esq.
h. Adult: bad state. N.Australia. From Mr. Gilbert's Collection.

Fam. 3. DISCOGLOSSIDiE.

Rantna with webbed toes, with the processes of sacral vertebra
chlated, and without paratoid.

Synopsis of the Genera.

1. Chiroleptes. First finger opposite to the others. Australia.

2. Pelodytes. No finger opposite to the others ; tympanum distinct ;

head withoiit appendages. France.

3. Discoglossus. Tympanum liidden ; vomerine teeth in a straight

line. Sliores of the Mediterranean.

4. Leptohrachinm. Tj-mpanum hidden ; no vomerine teeth. Java.

5. Megalophrys. Upper eyehd prolonged into a horn; muzzle

roimded. East Indies.

6. Ceratophryne. Upper eyehd and muzzle prolonged into pointed

appendages. Sumatra.

1. CHIROLEPTES.

Skin smooth, with a few scattered flat warts ; fingers free, first
opposite to the three others ; toes one-third webbed, the iirst cunei-
form bone forming a flat oval tubercle ■nnth a blunt edge ; tpnpanum
distinct ; eustachian tubes moderate ; tongue cUiptic, veiy shghtly
notched behind. Vomerine teeth. Austraha.

Alytes, sp.. Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 56.

1. Chiroleptes australis.

Alytes australis, Gray, I. c.

Vomerine teeth in two rather obhque and convergent arches, each
beginning from the inner front angle of the nostrils. Above uniform
brown, ^vith a blackish streak from the muzzle along the canthus
rostrahs, through the tympanimi to the arm-pit.

a, b. Half-grown and adult female. Port Essington. From Mr.
Gilbert's Collection.

liATK.VCUlA SALnCNTIA. 35

2. PELODYTES.

Slcin covered with tubercles ; fingers free ; toes webbed (sometimes
very sliorth") ; no finger opposite the other ones ; the first cunoifonn
bone forming a rounded prominence. Tympanum (hstinct ; eusta-
cluan tubes moderate ; tongue oval, free, and nearly entire behind.
Vomeiine teeth. Male with an internal subgular vocal sac. France.

Polodytes, (Fitz.) Bonap. Faun. Hal. ; Diim. 8r BIhr. viii. p. 400.
Al^-tcs, .?p., Tschudi, Btttr. p. 84.
Rnna, sp., anct. prior.

1. Pelodytes punctatus.

Ivana punctata, Daud. Main. p. 51. pi. IG. f. 11, and Bcpt. viii. p. 10().

plicata, Daud. Bain. p. 53, and Bept. p. 102 ; Cm: Bcf/nc Anim.

daudini, Merr. Tent. p. 177.

Alytos pmictatus, Tschudi, Batr. p. 84.

Pelodytes punctatus, (Fitz.) Bonap. Faun. Bal : Dum. tS- Bihr. p. 40:?.

Above spotted with black.

a, h. France. From the Paris Museum.
c. Nantes. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

3. DISCOGLOSSUS.

Habit raiulbrm. Fingers free, a rudimentaiy thumb like a
tubercle; toes shortly webbed in the female, half-webbod in the
male. Skin smooth or ^\^th scattered flat warts. Tongue nearly
circular, entire and free behind. Vomerine teeth in a straight line
between the hinder edge of the internal nostrils. Eustachian tubes
small ; tympanum small, hidden. Male wathout vocal sac. Shores
of the Mediterranean.

Discoglcssu.?, Otth. Neuc Dcnkschriftcn der Allgemeinen Schwciz. na-
turforsch. Geselkch. i. p. 0; Tschudi, Batr. p. 80; Dum. i^-^<6/'.p. 422.
Pseudis, .sp., Gc»^.

1 . Discoglossus pictus.

Discoglossus pictus, Otth. 1. c. f. 1-8 ; Tschudi, Batr. p. 80 ; Bonap.

Faun. Bal. ; Dum. 8,- Bihr. p. 425.
Pseudis sardoa, Geni, Si/n. Rept. Sard. p. 24, and 3Iem. Accad. Sc.

Tor. ser. ii. torn. i. p. 257. t. 5. f. 1. 2.
Discoglossus sardu.s, Tschudi, I. c. ; Bonap. Faun. Bal.

Olive, darker marbled ; skin more or less covered with flat warts.

Var. A. picta. Skin nearly smooth -. spots not confluent : some-
times with one or three whitish longitudinal streaks.

a-e. Adult. Vienna. From Dr. Heckel's Collection.
f, q. Adult. Malta. From Mi.ss E. Attersoll's Collection.

d2

3(3 REPTILES.

Var. B. sardoa. Sldn wftrty ; spots ii'regular, I'ather confluent,
without whitish streak.

It. Adult male. Sardinia. From the Leyden Museum.

Var. C. Skin smooth ; spots confluent into broad longitudinal
bands ; a whitish dorsal streak.

i. Adult female. Algiers.

4. LEPTOBRACHIUM.

Habit as in Lvalus, but extremities more slender. Skin granular.
Fingers completely free ; toes sliort, webbed at tlie base ; a small
blunt tubercle on the metatarsus. Tongue rhombic, free, and slightly
notched l)ehind. Vomerine teeth none ; eustacliian tubes moderate ;
tympanum hidden. Diapophysis of sacral vertebra very much dilated.
Java.

Loptobrachium, TseJmdi, Batr. p. 81.

1. Leptobrachium hasseltii.

Rana hasseltii, Mull, in Mns. Lnf/d. Bat.
Leptobrachium hasseltii, Tschuli, I. c.

Above brown, sides, and sometimes back, dotted with l^lack ; hinder
legs with indistinct narrow black cross bands.

a. Adult. East Indies. From Mr. Frank's Collection.

5. MEGALOPHRYS.

Head and liody very much depressed ; outer edge of upper eyelid
prolonged into a horn ; cleft of mouth large ; extremities moderate ;
vomei'ine teeth scarce ; tongue circular, free and nearly entire behind.
Tympanum hidden ; eustachian tubes moderate. Fingers free ; toes
very shortly webbed ; no prominence on the first cuneiform bone.
Diapopliysis of sacral vertebra much dilated. Male mthout vocal sac.
East Indies.

Megalophrys, Kuhl, Bull. Soc. Nat. ; War/l. Si/st. Atnplt. p. 204 ;

TschucU, Batr. p. 82 ; Dum. ^Sf Bihr. viii. p. 456.
Ceratophrys, sp., Schlegcl, Ahbild. p. 29.

1. Megalophrys montana.

Megalophrys montana, Kuhl, 31ns. Luf/d. ; JFar/l. Si/st. p. 204 ;

Tschudi, I. c. ; Dum. ^- Bihr. p. 458 ; Cantor, C'atal. of Mai. Hept.

p. 140.
Ceratophrys montaua, Schleg. Ahhdd. t. 9. f. 3.

01ive-bro^vn, with a triangular blackish spot on the head ; heUy
marbled with dark brown, or uniform dark brown. Sldn with
scattered cutaneous appendages.

lUTRACUIA SALIENTIA. 37

a. Adiilt. ludiii. Presented by Dr. J. E, Gray
l>. Adidt. Java. From tlie Lcyden Museum

c. Adult. Java.

d. Half-grown. Philippine Islands.— All females.

Either to this family or perhaps to the next belongs Ceratophrvne
nasuta, hchleg., from Borneo. I know the animal only from a slut.h
communicated to me by Prof. Sehlegel ; the general external a,.pear-'
anccisthatof a young Meijahphn/s monfana with a pointed a,.,,end-
agc in front of the muzzle, similar to the bonis of the o^■elids • the
tympanum is distinct; but the sketch leaves it doubtfid whether
there is a web between the toes or not.

Fam. 4. ASTEROPHRYDID^.

Ranina ^yith free toes, with the processes of sacral vertebra dilated,
and Avithout paratoid.

One genus. New Guinea.

1. ASTEROPHRYS.
Head very large, angular, triangular with very convex crown and
produced nuizzle; up].er edge of tlie eyelid with some cutaneous
appendages; extremities moderate. Vomerine teeth numerous-
tongue Iargi>, entirely adherent. Tympanum hidden, but perfect •
hngers and toes free. New Guinea.
Asterophrys, TschiuK, Batr. p. 82.
( V'l-atophrys, sp., Svhhyel, AhhlhL p. 80.

1. Asteroplirys tm-picola.

Ceratoplirys turpicola, (3Iiillcr) Schlcg. I. c. t. 10. 1. I
Uniform brownish (in spii-its).

Fam. 5. ALYTIDJE.

ItANiNA With webbed toes, with the iiroccsses of sacral vertebra
dilated, and with paratoids.

Sijnopsis of the Genera.

1. Alytes. Toes slightly webbed ; tympanum distinct. Europe.

2. Scaphiopus. Toes completely webbed. North America.

3. Heleioporus. Toes half- webbed ; tympanum hidden. Australia.

1. ALYTES,

Habit moderate ; skin covered with tubercles and warts • above
tlie tympanum a small paratoid. Fingei-s four, free ; toes slightly
wel)hed ; the first cuneiform bone forming a small tubercle. Tym-
panum cUsliuct; eustachian tubes small; tongue circular, th'ick
adliereut, entire behind. Vomerine teeth. Vocal sac none. Europe

38

Alytes, W(i//I. Natiirlivlu's Si/stcm dcr Anipitibicn, p. 20(3; Tschudi,

Batr. p. 84 ; Dnm. i)- Bibi: viii. p. 4G5.
Bombiuator, sp., Men: Teiii.'p. 179.
Bufo, sp., liana, f<p., nucf. prior.

J . Alytes obstetricans.

Bufo obstctricana, Lain: Si/n. Bejit. pp. 28, 128; Brun;/. Bidl. Soc
Philoin. an viii. p. 91. pi. 6. f . 4 ; Latr. Hist. Salam. p. 40, and
licjd. ii. p. 112 ; Daud. Hist. Haiti, p. 87. pi. 32. f. 1, and litpt.
viii. p. 176; Cut: Rbgne Anim. ; Grijf. Atmn. Kinyd. ix. p. 400.

llaua campanisona, (Gesn.) Lmir, I. c. 30, 133.

Bufo communifi, var., Laccp. Qiiadr. Ori]?. i. p. 579.

Eaua olistclrifuns, IVoIf, in f'tunn, DciifscJd. Faiiiia, iii. Iloft 4.

Bombiuator obstetricans, 3Ierr. Tent. p. 179 ; Grarenh. Delie. p. 68.

Ahtes obstetricau.9, Weigl. I. c, and Ic. Amph. t. 22. f. 3-5; Schinz,
'Faun. Hcket. p. U5 ;' Tschudi, /sw, 1837^ p. 702, and Betir. p. 84 ;
Bonap. Faun. Itcd. ; Dum. ^- Bibr. p. 407.

Brownish-olive with darker specks.

a-c. Adult vnih. eggs. Paris. From M. Parzudald's Collection.
d. Several specimens. Bonn. Presented by Prof. Troschcl.

2. SCAPHIOPUS.

Forehead and crown bony, rugose. Sldn smooth ; above the
tympanum a small paratoid. Fingers four, webbed at the base ;
toes completely webbed, first cuneiform bone forming a flat, shaqj-
cdged spm*. Tympanum distinct ; eustachian tubes moderate.
Tongue oval, free and slightly nicked behind. Vomerine teeth.
Male with an internal subgular vocal sac. North America.

Scapliiopus, Holbr. N. Amer. Herpet. iv. p. 109 ; Tschudi, Batr. p. 83;
Dum. Sr Bibr. viii. p. 471.

1 - Scaphiopus solitarius.

Scapliiopus solitarius, Holbr. N. Amcr. Herpet. iv. pi. 27 ; Tschudi,
I. c. ; Bum. Sf Bibr. p. 473.

Bro'wnish olive, with a yellow streak on each side.

a. Adidt. North Amciica. Presented by Edward Doubleday, Esq.
h. Adult. Charleston. Presented by P. L. Sclater, Esq.

3. HELEIOPORUS.

Habit stout ; head broad, short, swollen ; eyes large ; extremities
short ; fingers four, free ; inner finger with a blunt tiibercle and an
acute spur ; toes five, half- webbed ; first cuneiform bone with a large
flat spur, more soft and blunt than in Pehhatts. Skin of the back
granulai', of the belly smooth ; a large paratoid, not prominent, but
conspicuous by an incision in the sldn, as in Rhinoplinjims. Vomerine
teeth in a straight, in the middle interrupted line bet\A'een the inner

liATKACHIA S.VLIENTIA. 39

nostrils. Tongue louiid, entire ; eustachian tubes us large as inner
nostrils ; tympanum hidden. Sacral vertebra trihedral, pyramidal.
Australia.

Ilt'leioporus, Gray, in Grei/'s Journ. West. Austral, p. 447.
Perialia, sp., Gray, in Eyres Journ. Ex2>ed. Centr. Austral, p. 407.

1. Heleioporus albo-punctatus.

GraT/, I. c. t. i. f. 2.

Either brownisli ^\ith white rounded spots, or reddish white
marbled with brown.

a. Adult male. West Australia.

b. Adult male. Port Essington. Presented by Dr. Fleming.

c. Adult female. Swan lliver. From Mr. Gilbert's Collection.
(I. Adult. Port J'ssington. Presented by Dr. Fleming.

('. Half-grown. See Limnodijnastes dorsalis, No. d.
f. Half-grown. Australia. From the Collection of the Zoological
Society.

Yomig animal. Above olive with more or less conspicuous brown
spots ; on the sides brown, darker spotted : — Perialia Eijrci, Gray
in Eyre's Journal, p. 407. t. 2. f. 3.

(j-lc. West Australia. Bank of River MiuTay. Presented by E. J.
Eyre, Es(]. — Original specimens for Dr. Gray's figure and
description.

Fam. 6. UPEROLIID^.

IvANiNA with free toes, with the processes of sacral vertebra dilated,
and with paratoids.

One genus. Australia.

1. UPEROLEIA.

Habit as in Pleurodcma : fingci's and toes rather slender, quite
free ; metatarsus \vith a roundish external and a smaU conical inner
tubercle. Skin rather wart}' ; on each side of the neck a large
paratoid. Vomerine teeth none. Touguc small, oblong, rounded,
entire behind ; eustachian tubes small, tympanum hidden. Male
with an internal subgular vocal sac with two openings. Sacral
vertebra not much extended. Australia.

Upcroloia, Gray, in Capt. Grey^s West Atmtr. p. 448.
1 .'TJperoIeia marmorata.

Gray, I. c.
Black and green marbled, leaving a triangular greenish .spot on
the forehead; beneath lead -coloured.

a. Adult male, li" long: not good state. West Australia.

40 REniLES.

Section II. Boinbinatorina.
0. oxiDACTYLA witli maxiUaiy teeth and imperfectly developed eai'.

Fam. 1. BOMBINATORID^.

BoMBiNATORiNA with wcbbed toes, \vith the processes of the sacral
vertebra dilated, and without paratoids.

Sytwpsis of the Genera.

1. Pelobates. First cuneiform bone forming a flat, sharp-edged

spur. Europe.

2. Bombinator. Tongue entirely adherent. Europe.

3. Alsodes. Tongue free behind ; vomerine teeth in two groups.

Chonos.

4. Tehnatobius. No vomerine teeth.

1. PELOBATES.

Head above bony, rough; sldn with some flat smooth warts.
Fingers free ; toes webbed ; the first cuneiform bone fonning a flat,
sharp-edged spur. No tympanum, nor cavum tympani ; eustachian
tubes lateral, very narrow. Tougue circular, free, and slightly
nicked beliind. Vomerine teeth in an interrupted line between the
interior nostrils. Vocal sac none, but a large gland on the upper
arm of the male. Europe.

Pelobates, Wa</1. Si/st. Amph. p. 206 ; Tschudi, Batr. p. 83 ; Bum. 4-

Bibr. viii. p. 47-5.
Ciiltripes, 3IiiUer, in Ticdem. Zeifschr. fiir Physiol, iv. p. 212, and

Isis, 1832, p. 33(1
Bufo, .sp., Rana, .sp., auct. prior.

1. Pelobates fuscus.

Riisd, Hist. Ran. iv. p. 69. t. 17-19 ; Giize, Europ. Faun. vii. p. 87.
Bufo fuscu.s, Laur. Si/n. R(pt. pp. 28, 122 ; Daubeni. Encycl. Mcth. iii.

p. 595 ; Bonnat. Erpct. p. 15 ; Schncid. Hist. Amph. p. 196 ; Latr.

Rq)t. ii. p. 109 ; Baud. Hist. Rain. p. 81. pi. 80. f. 1, and Rept. viii.

p. 161 ; Cur. Reffne Anitn. ; Merr. Tent. p. 187.
Rana fusca, Mvytr, Sijn. Rept. p. 10; Sturm, Dmt^chl. Fauna, iii.

Heft 1 ; Gravenh. Delic. p. 32.

alliaca, Shatc, Zool. iii. p. 146. pis. 41, 42.

Bombina marmorata, Koch, in Sturm, Dcutschl. Fauna, iii. Ilcft 5-6.
Pelobates fuscus, Wac/l. I. c. ; Bonap, Faun. Ral. ; Tschudi, I c. ;

Cuvier, Rlustr. Rept. pi. 38. f. 1 ; Dum. ^- Bibr. p. 477.

Crown and occiput convex. Spurs bro-rni or yellowish.
a, b. Adult. Hanover. Presented by Dr. J. E. Gray.

c. Adult. France. From M. Parzudaki's Collection.

d, e. Adult. Paris. Presented by M. Verreaux.
/, (J. Half-grown. Paris,

h. Adult : skeleton. Bondv.

IIATK.VCIIIA SALIENTIA. 41

2. Pelobates cultripes.

liana cultripes, Cut\ Rk/ne Anim.

Cultripes provincialis, Miilhr, in TUdcm. Zvitschr. Phys. iv. i). 212,

and Isis, 1832, p. 538.
Cultripes minor, Miil/cr, I. c. (younp).
Pelobates cultripes, T.schudi, Batr. p. 83 ; Dum, t^ Bibr. p. 483.

Crown nnd occiput fiat. Spurs black.

u. Adult. Franco. Presented by M. Vcrrcaux.

2. BOMBINATOR.

Habit moderate. Hkin covered \di\\ tubercles nnd warts ; fingers
free, toes Avebbed ; the first cuneiform bone forming a rounded pro-
minence. No tympanum nor cavum tym}iani; eustaebian tubes lateral,
rudimentary, minute or wanting. Tongue nearly circular, entire,
very tliin, entirely adlierent. Vomerine teeth in two small groups
between the inner nostrils. Vocal sac none.

Bombinator, 3L-n-nn, Tent. p. 179 ; Ctiv. Ei'f/ne Anim. ; TuchwU,
Batr. p. 84; Wogl. Sijst. Amph. p. 200; BkiMus, Wirbdthiere \
Dum. ^- Bibr. viii. p. 485.

Bufo, sp., Rana, sp., auct. prior.

1. Bombinator igneus.

Rana bombina, Linn. Faun. Succ. p. 101, and Si/.-if. Nat. p. 355 ; Bon-

naf. ErpMol. p. 4 ; Sturm, Dcutschl. Fauna, iii. fig. ; Latr. Hist.

Sal. p. 39.
Bufo igneus, Bdscl, Hist. Ban. vi. p. 97. t. 22, 23 ; Laur. Si/n. Rept.

pp. 29, 129 ; Bonnat. I. c. p. 13 ; Schncid. Hist. Amph. p. 187 ;

Latr. Rcpt. ii. p. 110; Griff. Anim. Kinqd. ix. p. 401; Daubent.

Erp6t. pp. 604, Gil, 035, 680 ; Lacq). Quadr. Chip. i. jip. 5;J5, 595.
Rana ignoa, Shaw, Zoo/, iii. p. 116. pi. 35.
Bufo bonibinus, Daud. Rain. p. 75. pi. 36, and Rcpt. viii. pp. 146,

433 ; Schinz, Faun. Helvvt. p. 145.
Bombinator igneus, Mcrr. Tent. p. 179 ; Grarenh. Dclic. p. 67 ; Cue.

Rii/ne Anim. ; Tschudi, Batr. p. 84; Bonnp. Faun. Itul. ; Dum. i^-

Bibr. p. 487.

bombina, War/l. Syst. p. 20().

brevipes, Bktsius, Wirbelth.

pachj-pus, (Fifz.) Bonap. Faun. Ital.

Beneath orange, marbled with bluish black.

(t. Adult. Eiu'ope.

b. Adult. Europe. Presented liy the Zoological yociety.

c. Adult. Europe.
(/. Adult. Europe.
c. Adult. Europe.

/. Adult. France. From M. Parzudaki's Collection.

(J. Half-grown. Hanover. Presented by Dr. J. E. Gray.

42 KEPTILES.

3. ALSOLES.

Head convex, cro-rni smooth. Tongue acutely produced in front,
rounded and free behind. Palcatine teeth in two small close patches
between the intt-rior nostrils. Fingers four, short, webbed at the base
(inner toe broad, fiinged). Toes webbed to the tliird phalange.
(BeU.) — Tympanum, ca\'um tympanicum, tuba custachii, wanting.
Diapophysis of sacral vertebra appears to be a little dilated towards
the end.

Alsodes, BeU, Zool. of the Beagle, p. 41.

1. Alsodes monticola.

BeU, I. c. pi. 18. f. 3.
Green, sides yellowish brown. In spirits smoky brown.

(t. Bad state. Island of Inchy, Chonos Archipelago. Presented by
Charles Darwin, Esq.

The follo^ving genus is knowai to me only by Wicgmann's descrip-
tion and by letters from my friend, Dr. E. v. Martens ; accorchng to
the latter, the vomerine teeth arc certainly absent in the specimen in
the Berlin Museum ; and, as in Ahodes monticola, the inner toe is
fringed, which I consider to be a sexual character.

4. TELMATOBIUS.

Head short, with flat crown. Tongue oval, not pointed in front,
rounded and free beliind. No palatine teeth. Fingers four, short,
with a ruihmentary membrane between ; toes webbed.

Telniatobius, Wieynuum, Nov. Act. 1835, p. 262.
1. Telniatobius peruvianus.

Wicymann, 1. c. t. 22. f. 2.
Above with many very small horny warts. Above brown, with
a darker longitudinal band, anteriorly crossed by two transverse
streaks. Peni.

Section III. Brachycephalina.

0. oxYDACTYLA without maxillaiT teeth and with impcrleelly de-
veloped ear.

Fam. 1. PHRYNISCID^.

Bkacuycei'Ualina with we])bed t<xs. with the pioccbscs of sacral
vertebra dilated, and without paratoids.

One genus. Tropical America.

BATUACIIIA SALIENTIA. 43

1. PHRYNISCUS.

Ilctul modoratc, with distinct muzzle, angular ; body ranifbrm ;
ili'll of moiitli niodonito ; extremities moderate ; teeth, none in jaws
nor in palate ; touf^ue elongate, free and entire behind. No tym-
panum nor eavum tympani ; eustachian tubes closed or consi)ieuous ;
sUin entirely or partially warty and spiny or smooth ; metatarsus with
two snudl blunt and llat tubercles. Fingers four, toes five, hall- webbed.
Males with an internal subgular vocal sac. Tropical America,

Phryniscus, Wiegm. Nov. Act. Loop, 1834, p. 2G4 ; Bum, S,- Bihr. viii.

p. 722; Bvll, Zool. of the Bemjlv, p. 48.
Chaunus, sp., Tschudi, Batr. p. 87.

riu'}iiidium, 3I(irtciis, in Nomenclat. Rqtt. Mus. Zool. Berol. 185G, p. 40.
Ilylsemoi-phus, Fitzinycr, 3Im. Vii'iin.

1. Phryniscus nigricans.

Phrvniscus nigricans, Wiegm. I. c. ; Dum. ^- Bihr. p. 723 ; Bell, Zool.

of the Beanie, p. 49. t. 20. f. 3-5.
Chaunus forniosiis, {3Ius. Leyden) Tschudi, I. c. ; D'Orbii/ntj, Voij.

Amer. 3Ierid. t. 15. f. 1-4.

All upper and lateral parts covered with warts and small spines ;
head short, snout very blunt, the elongated outlines forming a rather
obtuse angle ; crown not concave ; plantar and palmar surface and
tarsiis very rough and tuberculous ; all fingers quite free. Above
and beneath black ; arm-pit, some spots on the belly and anus white.

n-c. Maldonado. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq.

d. Adult. Montevideo. From M. Parzudaki's Collection.

2. Phryniscus IsBvis. (Plate III. fig. A.)

Upper parts without spines, with flat warts or quite smooth ; head
moderate ; snout rather protruding, the elongated outlines forming a
rather acute angle ; canthus rostralis swollen, so as to render the
crown concave ; plantar and palmar surface with flat smooth tuber-
cles, not rough ; tarsus vnth a cutaneous fold at the inner edge ; first
and second fingers half-webbed. Above brownish black, beneath
whitish ; anus brownish.
((,b. Adult male and female. Panama. From M. Puffeis' Collection.

c. Adult. Quito.

d, e. Young : bad state. Chili. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

Description. — Habit like Bombinntor igneus; head angular, with
swollen canthus rostralis, so as to render the crown and the lorcal
region concave ; snout rather protruding, perpendicularly truncated,
but ro\indcd in front ; mouth moderately cleft ; uarcs small, lateral.
All upper parts ^\^thout spines, except upper side of thigh and hu-
merus ; crown (piit(> smooth ; back with some llat smooth warts ;
sides, upper parts of thigh and hunun-iis with spiny warts. Extre-
mities short ; humerus as long as the occiput is l)road ; fore-ai'in rather
shorter ; thigh and calf as long as humerus ; first and second finders

44 REPTILES.

lialf-wclibcd, in one specimen the membrane is only rudimentary ;
toes half- webbed. Tongue elongate, ovoid, behind rather broader ;
on each side, in the male, a cleft for the gular sac ; eustachian tubes
and inner nares small. Size of Bomhinator igneus.

3. Phryniscus cruciger. (Plate III. fig. B.)

Phiynidiuni crucigerum, Martem, I. c. p. 41.

Upper parts without spines, with a few flat warts ; snout pointed,
much protruding, obliquely truncated, the prolonged outlines forming
an acute angle ; canthus rostralis not swollen, crowTi flat ; extremi-
ties slender ; plantar and palmar siu'facc nearly smooth ; tarsus with
a cutaneous fold at the inner edge ; first and second fingers with a
rudimentary membrane between ; first finger short. Above oHve,
pimctulated with black and more or less regular figures ; beneath
imiform whitish.

a-d. Adult. Curanna (2000 feet). From Mr. Dyson's Collection.

Description. — Habit rather slender, raniform. Head angidar,
canthus rostralis not or not much swollen ; cro'^ni and loreal region
rather flat ; nose much protruding, rather rounded in front, obliquely
truncated, reaching far beyond the mouth ; the lateral outlines, if
prolonged, would fonu an angle of about 55°. IMouth moderately
cleft ; nares small, lateral, narrow. Back with only a few small
flat warts ; cro^vn of head quite smooth ; upper parts of the extremi-
ties covered with small warts ; from tlie eye along the side of back
near to the anus a series of flat, large, spiny warts ; spiny warts on
the sides scarce ; under parts quite smooth. Extremities rather
slender ; humenis mueli longer than occiput broad ; thigh and calf
nearly equal in length, much longer than hiunerus. Toes half-
webbed. Tongue much elongate, narrow, entire behind ; inner
nares small, eustachian tubes none. Only on the right side of the
tongue a cleft for the vocal sac. Above olive, pimctulated Avith
black ; black crossing streaks between the shoulders, three radiating
towards the forehead and the two eyelids ; black irregular streaks
on tlie back and the legs, sometimes wanting ; a black lateral streak
along the series of warts, running through the eye ; beneath uniform
whitish. Body of the largest specimen 3" long.

I doubted a long time whether the above specimens form a separate
species, or whether they belong to Phri/nidium crucigerum, established
and published by Martcus in 1856. He found, by a closer examina-
tion of the Berlin specimens, that Fhrynidium agrees with PJiri/niscus
in the structure of the ear. But then the only difterenccs between
the two genera woidd be, that the former has one tubercle on the
metatarsus and a smooth sldn. Botli these characters are produced
by an imperfect preservation of the Berlin specimens, at least as
regards PJ)r>f)iidium crucigerum. The metatarsal tubercles arc very
flat, and become easily invisible ; and the same is the case with the
lateral spiny warts, Mhich are so characteristic of the species.
Perhaps they are more pronoimccd in the male (sec Bufo agiia, p. 64).

IIATKACUIA SALIENTIA. 45

4. Phryniscus varius.

Atelopiis varius, Stannius, Handh, der Zoot. 2. Aiijl. Amph. p. IG.
Phrynidiuni variuni, Martens, I. c. p. 40.

Skin smooth ; muzzle rather elongate. Black, with smaller or
larger yellow si)ot.s ; lips and tips of the fingers yellow ; legs with
yellow spots or cross bands ; belly yellow. Vcragoa.

5. Phryniscus olfersii.

Phr\'niscus olfersii, Maricfis, Nomcnclntor Rcpt. Mm. Zonl. Bcrol.
lt<5G, p. 40.

Skin entirelj' smooth ; humems shorter than the occiput is broad.
Fingers and toes quite free. Above brownish red, beneath paler ;
sides with a bro^vn, white-edged band from the muzzle. Brazil.

Fam. 2. BRACHYCEPHALID^.

BRAcnYCEPnALiNA with free toes, \sath the processes of sacral ver-
tebra dilated, and without paratoids.

Si/nopsis of the Genera.

1 . Pseudophryiie. Five distinct toes ; metatarsus with one or two

small blunt tubercles. Australia.

2. Brachycephalus. Back Anth a bony shield. Tropical America.

3. Hemisus. Metatarsus with a flat, oval, sharp -edged spur.

Africa.

1. PSEUDOPHRYNE.

Head moderate, \vitli distinct muzzle, rounded ; cleft of mouth
moderate ; extremities rather short ; teeth, none in jaws nor in
palate ; tongue elongate, free and entire behind. Eustachian tubes
rudimentary; no tpnpanum nor ca\nim tympani* ; skin smooth,
with some flat \varts ; metatarsus with one or two small blunt
tubercles ; fingers four, toes five, all C]uite free. Males ^^•ith an in-
ternal subgular vocal sac. Australia.

— — ^

PhrjTiiscus, sp., Dmn. 4' -Bibr.
Pseudophryne, Fitzinger, Syst. Rept, p. 32.
Bombinator, sp., Gray.

1. Pseudophryne australis.

Bombinator australis, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 18.35, p. 57 ; Eyre, Journ.

E.rpv{l Centr. Austr. i. App. p. 407. pi. 1. f. 1.
Phryniscus albifrons, Diun. .y Ribr. ix. p. 41-3. pi. 100. f. 3.

* I have only examined the slructiu-e of tlic ear in Fscudophryne australis.

46 RErTILES.

Above brown ; forehead and crown, a strealc along the candal
vertc^bra and some spots on tlie extremities yellow ; beneath brown,
with some large elUptical yellow spots. Metattirsxis with one
tubercle.

a. Adult. Swan River. Presented liy J. Wnght, Esq. (Original
specimen of Dr. Gray's Bomh. australis, and different from
Bibron's riiryn. mistralis : cfr. Erj^et. Gener. \\\\. p. 725.)

h. Adult. Australia. From M. Parzudald's Collection.

2. Pseudophryne bibronii.

Phi'jniiscus nustvalis, Bum. ^- Bihr. viii. p. 725. pi. 100. f. 2, 4.

Above olive, no white on the head ; beneath white, variegated
M^ith brown. Metatarsus %vith two small tubercles.

ct. Adult. Austraha. Presented by the Earl of Derby.
6. Adidt. Australia.

c, d. Adult: not good state. Van Dieracn's Laud. Presented by
Sir W. .J. Hooker.

2. BRACHYCEPHALUS.

Head moderate ; muzzle distinct, rather tapering ; cleft of mouth
moderate ; extremities moderate ; fingers foiu% free, last rudimentary,
scarcely visible ; toes five, free, the two outer ones rudimentary.
Teeth, none in jaws nor in palate ; tongue elongate, elliptic, entire.
Eustachian tubes rudimentary ; no tympanum nor ca\'um tympani.
Sldn smooth ; on the back a bony shield, formed by the dUated pro-
cesses of six dorsal vertebrae. Sacral vertebra only feebly dilated.
Tropical America.

Brachycephalus, Fitz. Neue Class. Rept, p. 39; IVarjl. Si/st. Amph.

p. 207 ; Tschudi, Batr. p. 87 : Bum. ^- Bihr. p. 72(3.
Ephippifer, Cocteau, Mag. Zool. Giicrin, iii. 18.35, cum fig.
Bufo, sp., S}iix, Spec. Nov. Test. p. 48.

1. Brachycephalus ephippium.

Bufo ephippium, Spix, Spec. Nor. Test. t. 20. f. 2.

Braclij-ceplialus ephippium, Fitz. I. c. ; Wcu/l. I. c. ; Tschudi, I. c. ;

Dum. .V Bibr. p. 729.
Ephippifer spixii, Cocteau, I. c.

Didl yellowish, sometimes with a large black dorsal spot.

. Many specimens. Brazil. Purchased by Dr. Tiardiner.

-(L Adult. Tropical America. Presented by Charles DarAvin, Esq.

TIATKACIIIA SALIENTIA, 47

3. HEMISUS.

Head very small, not distinct from body ; mnzzlc distinct, pointed ;
month beneath the muzzle, small ; thigh and amis rather short ;
tooth, none in jaws nor in palate ; lower jaw witli three tooth-like
protul)t>ranees in front. Tongue cUiptical : no tympanum, no ca\iim
tympani, no eastaehian tubes* ; fingers four, quite free ; toes five,
free ; metatarsus with a flat, sharji, oval spur. Africa.

Engystoma, sp., Rapp.

1. Hemisus guttatiim.

Engystoma guttatum, R<ipp, in Erichsonn Archiv, 1842, p. 290. t. 0.
f. 3, 4 ; Smith, III. of S. Afr. App. p. 27.

Skin smooth. Above blackish browii with round whitish spots,
beneath imifonn whitisli.

a. Adult. Tvordofan.

b. Adult. Africa. From Mr. Frank's Collection as E. grdneense (?).

c. Adult : not good state. Africa. From the stomach of a Lepto-

deira 7'2ifesccns.

The separation of this species from the Indian Dlplopehna and
the American Eiif/ysfoma appears to be the more justified, as, liesides
the difforont structtire of the ear, it differs in ha^"ing a perfect cla-
vicula, entirely wanting in the genera mentioned.

To this genus perhaps belongs Engi/stoma marmoratum, Peters,
Wiegm. Arch. 1855, p. 58. Mozambique.

Section IV. Bufonina.

0. OXTDACTYLA without maxUlary teeth and with perfectly deve-
loped ear.

Fam. 1. RHINODERMATIDiE.

Bufonina with webbed toes, with the processes of sacral verfebra
dilated, and without paratoids.

Synopsis of the Genera.

1. Rhinoderma. Muzzle ending in a dermal lobe. Chili.

2. Atelopus. Outer toe indistinct. Cayenne.

3. Uperodon. Vomerine teeth. East Indies.

4. Diplopelma. Five distinct toes ; muzzle distinct, rounded in

front ; no vomciine teeth. East Indies.

* i/fiiavi half, and ovs car.

48

1. RHINODERMA.

Head narrow, rather elongate ; muzzle ending in a horizontal
dermal lobe ; mouth moderate ; extremities moderate ; fingers four,
a rudinu^ntarj- membrane between ; toes Hve, lialf- webbed ; an
inchstinct tubercle on the talon. Teeth, none in jaws nor in palate ;
tongue rather broader and slightly nicked behind ; enstacliian tubes
small. Skin smooth ; tympanum liidden ; male with an internal
subgular vocal sac. Chili.

Ehinoderma, Ihmi. ^- Bibr. viii. p. 657; Bdl, Zool. of the Beayle,
Eept. p. 47.

1. Rhinoderraa darwinii.

Rhinodenna darwinii, Dnm. ^S' Bibr. p. 050; Bell, I.e. p. 48. pi. 20.
f. 1, 2.

Blacldsh, throat and breast black, belly white.

a-d. Adult. Chili. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq.
e. Adult. Chili. From M. Parzudaki's CoUeetion.
/. Adult: bad state. Chili.

2. ATELOPUS.

Tongue elongate, siibeUiptical, entire, rounded and equal at each
end. Teeth, none in jaws nor in palate. Tympanum hidden ;
eustachian tubes moderate ; fuigers four, dei)ressed, quite free* ;
toes five, outer one indistinct, the other four flattened and webbed at
the base. Metatarsus without any tubercles. Male with an in-
ternal subgidar vocal sac (Duni. 4' Bihr.).

Atelopus, Bum. ic Bihr. p. 660.

1 . Atelopus flavescens.

Atelopus tiavesceus, Dum. i^- Bibr. p. 061.
YeUowLsh. spotted with brown. Cayenne.

3. UPERODON.

Head rather short, not very distinct from body ; miizzle distinct,
broad, rounded ; mouth smaU ; thigh and arms rather short ; only
palatine teeth. Tongiie large, circular, entire. Tympanum hidden ;
paratoids none ; eustachian tubes moderate. Fingers four, quite
free ; toes five, half-^vebbcd. Sacral vertebra dilated. Male with
an internal subgular sac. Ea.st Indies.

Uperodon, Dum. i>c Bibr. p. 746.

Systoma, (not Wugler) TschmU, Batr. p. 86,

Engystoma, sp., Cur. Rhjne Anim.

* I hare never seen the animal : in the diagnosis of tlie genus, Bibron describes
the fingers as " complitcmcnt libres ; " but in the description of tlie only species,
he says, " un rudiment de membrane reunit les doigts a Icur base."

ii\TR\ci[iA sviJKvrrA. 49

1 . Uperodon marmoratum.

Engvstoma marmoratum, Ctiv. Regne Anim. ; Guerin, Iconoqr. Rept.

pi. 27. f. ^.
Systoina luschenaiiltii, Tsrhudi, Batr. p. 80.
Uperodoa marmoratum, Dion, i^- Bibr. p. 749.

Olive mottled with brown ; mctatar.sus with two large flat, oval
tubercles ; a membranaceous prominence behind each inner nostiil.

a-c. Adult and half-grown. Madras. Presented by J. C. Jerdon,
Esq.

d. Adult female : skeleton. Madi'as. Presented by J. C. Jerdon, Esq.

e. Adult. India.

/. Adult : not good state. India, From Mr. Parrcy's Collection.

The sheletoti of this species is highly interesting from the total
absence of a clavicuJa, which peculiarity was not observed in any of
the Batracliia anoura, and of which the two following gent;ra partake.
We know too little of the mode of life of these animals to bring it in
connexion with a physiological peculiarity. Together with the cla-
vicle, the manubrium stcrni is absent. Both scapula and coracoid
are very strong, and the latter has a much dilated inner end, for
forming a long suture with that of the other side ; the xiphoid is
formed by two thin dilated bony plates with a suture between, and
together representing a circular, rather concave plate. The supra-
sccq^tda is not entirely ossified, having in the middle a cartilaginous
interspace separating the two bony branches from one another, as
we find to be more or less the case iu many other frogs and toads.
The humerus as well as the femur are provided with a sharp ridge
along the upper half of the inner side, the ridge of the humei-us being
broader, about as broad as the diameter of the bone itself ; the first
cimeiform bone is very enlarged, much more than in Pelohates fuscus.
The configuration of the skuU Ls veiy aberrant ; all the bones of the
cranium being perfectly ossified, large and broad, those of the max-
illary and mandibidar arch weak and slender. The upper surface of
the skull is smooth ; the parietal bones are swollen and convex
behind, without shaq) crest ; they ai'e truncated in front, the angle
formed by the SKfnra coronata and sagittcdis being a right one, wlulst
in other fi'ogs the front part of the parietal bones is pointed, and
therefore that angle is an acute one. The frontals are large, irre-
gularly five-sided. Nine vertebrte : the atlas has no diapophyses,
but these are jjresent in the rest ; they are of great length in the
second, third and foui'th vertebra?, directed forward in the second,
backward in the fourth, longest and horizontal in the third ; they
are short in the fifth to the eighth vertebrae. The diapophyses of the
sacral vertebra have about the same size and fonn as in Bufo calamita,
each representing an isosceles triangle. The coccygeal style and the
iliac bones are slender, cylindrical, the foi-mer wdth a low shaq) ridge,
the latter with a prominent tubercle on the hinder end, and both
branches forming a much acuter angle than in Bufo calamita.

\

50 REPTILES.

4. DIPLOPELMA.

Head small, hardly distinct from body; muzzle distinct, rather
pointed ; mouth small ; thigh and arms rather short ; teeth, none in
jaws nor in palate. Tongue elongate, elliptic, entire. Tympanum
hidden ; eustachian tubes very small. Skin smooth ; fingers free,
toes one-thii'd webbed ; two smaU blunt tubercles on the talon*.
Male with an internal subgular vocal sac. East Indies.

Engystoma, sp., Bum. S,- Bibr. viii. p. 745.
Siphneus, Fitz. Si/st. Rept. p. -33.

1. Diplopelma ornatiun.

Engystoma omatum, Dum. Hi- JBihr. p. 74.5.

Talon with two tubercles ; skin smooth ; eyes moderate. Toes
one-thii'd webbed.

Var. A. A broad dark brown dorsal band, disappearing with age ;
sides brown ; a single oblique brown streak from the hip to the
thigh ; legs with a few obsolete cross-bandjs.

a. Many specimens. Madras. Presented by J. C. Jerdon, Esq.
h, c. Young. Madras. Presented by J. C. Jerdon, Esq.

d. Adult female : skeleton. Madras. Presented by J. C. Jerdon, Esq.

e. Adult. India. Presented by Captain Sir E. Belcher.

Var. B. Between the eyes a black cross-band ; on the back some
arrow-shaped bands, one of which is always darker than the others ;
hinder part of the back and thighs -ndth dark, black-edged spots.

/. Adult male. China. Presented by J. C. Bowring, Esq.

g. Adult. China. Presented by J. C. Bowi'ing, Esq.

h-l:. Adult and young : not good state. China. Presented by J.

Reeves, Esq.
I. Adult. Hong Kong. Presented by J. C. Bowring, Esq.
m. Adult male. Hong Kong. Presented by J. C. Bowring, Esq.
n. Adult male. Ningpo. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.
0. Adult. India. From the Haslar Collection.

The structtu^e of the sJceUton of this species agrees in many pomts
with that of Uperodon. As well as I can determine, in a not very well
prepared skeleton, the general configiu^ation of the skull is much the
same, but the occiput is flat and the vomerine teeth arc wanting.
The diapophysis of the fourth vertebra is the longest, all the others
being much shorter ; the diapophysis of the sacral vertebra is not
quite as much dilated as in Uperodon. The structure of the extre-
mities is the same, and the clavicula is Hkewise absent, together with
the manubrium sterni.

* ^ittXoos double, and TreX/ia sole. Fitzinger's name Siphneus is preoccupied
by a genus of mammals.

UATRAC'III.V SALIKNTIA. 51

Fam. 2. ENGYSTOMATID^.

BuFONiNA with free toes, ^^ith tlio processes of sacral vertebra di-
lated, and without paratoids.

Sy^iojjsis of the Genera.

1 . Engystoma. Head not distinct ; muzzle pointed ; tympanum

hidden. Tropical America.

2. Breviceps. Head and muzzle confounded with body ; tympanum

hidden. South and West Africa.

3. Chelydobatrachus. Head protruding, globidar ; tympanum di-

stinct. Australia.

1. ENGYSTOMA.

Head verj small, not distinct from bodj- ; muzzle distinct, pointed ;
mouth small ; thigh and arms rather short ; teeth, none in jaws nor
in palate. Tongue elongate, elliptic, entii'e. Tj-mpanimi hidden ;
eustachian tiibcs very small. Fingers four, quite free ; toes five,
free. Males with an internal subgular sac. Tropical America.

Engystoma, Fitz. N. aassif. Rept. p. 65 ; Bum. 8f Bibr. p. 738.

Stenocepliakis, Tschudi, Butr. p. 86.

Microps, Waglcr, Ids, 1828, p. 744, and Si/st. Amph. p. 200.

Oxva-hvnclius, (^Valeric.} Guerin, Iconoffi: Rept.

Biifo, sp., Rana, sp., auct. prior.

The species of this genus exhibit no davieuln.
1. Engystoma ovale.

Rana oralis, Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 1-3 ; Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 3.
Bufo surinamensis, Dmul Rain. pi. 33. f. 2, and Rept. viii. p. 184.

oralis, Daud. Rain. p. 92, and Rept. viii. p. 187.

Rana bufouia, 3Icrr. Tent. p. 177.

EngTstoma orale, Fitz. Neue Classif. Rept. p. 65 ; Dum. i^- Bihr.

p."741.
OxjThyuchus bicolor, ( Valenc.) Guerin, Iconnr/r. Rept. pi. 27. f. 2.
Microps iinicolor, fVagl. I. c.
Stenocephalus microps, Tschudi, Batr. p. 86.

Talon with only a single tubercle ; muzzle pointed ; eyes mode-
rate ; skin smooth ; a white streak along the hinder side of the
thighs.

a. Adult. America. From Mr. Frank's Collection.

2. Engystoma carolinense.

Engystoma carolinense, Holbr. N. Amer. Heipet. v. p. 23. pi. 6 ;

Dum. * Bibr. p. 743.
carolinense et olivaceum, Halloicell, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 251.

Talon with one (exceptionally with two) tubercles ; muzzle rather

E 2

52 REPTILES.

obtuse ; eyes modei'ate ; skin smooth ; thighs -ndthout white streak ;
sometimes a cutaneous fohl across the occiput.

a. Adult. Mexico. From M. Parzudaki's Collection. Talon with
two tuliercles.

h, c. Adult and half-grown. New Orleans.

d, e. Half-grown and young. North America. Presented by Ed-
ward Doubleday, Esq.

f. Adult : fine specimen. Cordova. From M. Salle's Collection.

Rose-coloured ; back with an irregular broad dark band ; sides
of the head and body brown ; hip with a round black spot ; legs
with three broad black-edged bands ; belly white, marbled with
brown ; throat brown, marbled with white.

g, h. Half-grown. Cordova. From M. Salle's Collection. One of

these specimens agrees with the fonner ; the other one, probably
a female, with E. olivaeeum, Hallowell.

3. Engy stoma rugosum.

Engystoma rugosum, Dm)). iS'' Bibr. p. 744.
Talon with only a single tubercle. Skin nigose.
a. Half-grown. Mexico. From M. Parzudaki's Collection.

4. Engystoma microps.

Engystoma microps, Dum. &,• Bihr. p. 744.

Talon with only a single tubercle ; muzzle miich pointed ; skin
smooth ; eyes excessively small {Dum. ^ Bihr.). Brazil.

2. BREVICEPS.

Head veiy short, confounded with body ; muzzle indistinct, mouth
small ; thigh and arms very short, indistinct ; teeth, none in jaws
nor in palate ; tongue oval, entii'e. Tympanum hidden ; eustachian
tubes veiy small. Fingers four, toes five, all quite free. South and
West Africa.

Breviceps, Merr. Tent. p. 178 ; Dmn. Sf Bihr. p. 752.
Systoma, Wm/l. Syst. Amph. p. 205 ; Tschudi, Batr. pp. 47, 86.
Engystoma, sp., Ctiv. Rk/ne Anim.
Rana, sp., Bufo, sp., auct. jnior.

1. Breviceps verrucosus.

3SUS, Sapp, in Erichson^ j.
6. f. 5 ; Smith, HI. of S. Af,

Above and beneath covered with perforated granular glands ; head

Breviceps verrucosus, Rapp, in Erichson^s Archiv fur Naturqesch.
1842, p. 289. t. 6. f. 5 ; Smith, III of S. Afr. App'. p. 27.

BATIIACHIA SALIENTIA.. 53

not prominent ; muzzle distinct, its outlines fonning a convex line.
Either uuilbrm bluckish broAvn or with In'ownish-yellow spots.

a. Adult mule. South Africa. Uniform hlackLsh brown.

h. Adult female. South Africa. Above brown, M'ith four series of
bro\\aush -yellow spots ; along the middle of back l)rown ; be-
neath dull ycllo^vish.

2. Breviceps gibbosus.

S('ba, ii. 37. 8.

Bufo acephalus, Klein, Qutulr. Th'up. p. 121.

Hana giboosa, L. 3Ii(s. Ad. Fried, p. 48, and 6//i<. Nat. p. .''5.5.

Bufo gibbosus, Laur. Sijn. p. 27 ; Daub. Erpet. p. 594 ; Lacip. Hist.

Qiiadr. Ovip. i. p. 599 ; lioiinat. Erpiet. p. 17 : Latr. Rept. ii. p. 119 ;

Baud. Hist. limn. p. 80. pi. 29. f. 1. pi. 35. f. 2, and Rept. viii. p. 1-58.
Raua breviceps, Sch/ieid. Hid. Aiiiph. p. 140 ; Shaic, iii. p. 170. pi. 52.
Bre^^cep9 gibbosus, 3/«v. Tent.'p.llS ; Grarenh. IMic.\).GQ; Diim.

^- Bibr. p. 754 ; Smith, III. of S. Afr. App. p. 27.
Engystoma dorsatum et granosum, Uuv. Meffiie Anim.
Systoma breviceps, Wayl. Syst. p. 205 ; Tschudi, I. c.

Skin in adult specimens not granular ; head completely confounded
with the body ; muzzle not distinct, its outlines forming a slightly
convex line. Brown, with a broad, brownish-yellow, serrated dorsal
band ; an obsolete lateral streak of the same colour.

a. Adult: discoloured. South Africa. From Mr. Brandt's Collection.

b, c. Young. South Africa.

Both the species are provided with a clavicula.

3. CHELYDOBATRACHUS.

Body short, broad, rather depressed ; head protruding, globidar,
small ; extremities excessively short ; mouth small ; teeth, none in
jaws nor in palate ; tongue rather elongate, elliptical, free and en-
tire behind. Tympaniim distinct ; eustachian tubes nearly as large
as inner nares, moderate. Skin smooth, ^-ith a few flat warts, rather
rugose. Fingers (foui-) and toes (five) quite fi-ee. Australia.

Chelydobati-achus, Gray, Bnt. Mus.

1. Chelydobatrachus gouldii.

Breviceps gouldii. Gray, in Capt. Grey^s West Australia, t. . f. .
Chelydobatrachus gouldii. Gray, Brit. 3Ius.

Smooth with a few scattered tubercles ; above grej-ish brown, be-
neath lighter.

rt. Adult. West Australia. From Mr. Gilbert's Collection.
b. Adult. West AustraUa. Houtman's Abrolhos.

After ha^•ing removed the skin and the mnsciilus rectu)i (ibdoniiaia.

54 REPTILES.

which, being much developed, takes its originfrom the upper part of the
humerus as well as from the sternum, we see the large liver di\aded
into one right lobe and two left ones ; the gall-bladder is situated
between the right and the middle lobe, fixed to the parenchyma ;
the stomach on the left side, filled with ants ; the intestlna temiia
have a wide chameter, not much, narrower than the rectum, which is
placed in the medial line. The eggs are very large, half the size of
a pea, and there are only twenty to twenty-four in one ovarium ; no
sign of an embryo is visible therein, although the eggs appear to be
ripe for being laid. I could not find a bladder. There is a clavicula
as well as a coracoid bone.

Fam. 3. BUFONID^.

BuFONiNA with webbed toes, with the processes of sacral vertebra
dilated, and with paratoids.

Si/no2}sis of the Genera.

1. Kalophrynus. Skin smooth; skin of the back forming one large,

flat paratoid. East Indian I.slands.

2. Bufo. Crown flat, or wth moderate ridges ; muzzle rounded or

tiimcated ; no cutaneous fold on the sides ; paratoids promi-
nent. Almost every part of the globe except Australia.

3. Otilophus. Crown with two enormous erect ridges ; muzzle

pointed ; a large cutaneous fold on the sides ; paratoids pro-
minent. Soiith America.

1. KALOPHRYNUS.

Head small, angular ; body as in Engystoma ; muzzle distinct,
rather pointed ; mouth small ; thigh and arms rather short ; teeth
none ia jaws nor in palate ; tongue oval, free, and very sHghtly
notched behind. Tympanimi round, very distinct ; eustachian tubes
moderate. Skin with smooth smface, but veiy thick on the back,
and entirely glandular, like a paratoid. Fingers four, quite free ;
toes five, shortly webbed. Sacral vertebra dilated. Borneo. Su-
matra.

Kalophrynus, Tschudi, Batt: p. 86.

1. Kalophrynus pleurostigma.

Mus. Liiijd. Bat.

A white streak from the nose along the canthus rostraHs, the edge
of upper eyelid and the sides of back ; on each hypochondrium a
dark brown round spot.

a. Adult female. Borneo.

BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 55

2. BUFO.

Head moderate, muzzle distinct, tninciitcd, eye moderate ; thigh
and arms rather short ; teeth, none in jaws nor in 2)alate. Tongiie
elliptical, entire, free behind. Tympanimi more or less distinct ;
paratoids very distinct, swollen ; skin more or less warty. Eusta-
chian tubes moderate. Fingers fom-, quite free ; toes five, generally
half- webbed, sometimes entirely webbed ; a blunt (in B. anomalvs
sharp) tubercle at the base of the first toe. Males generally Avith a
single internal vocal sac. Almost every part of the globe except
New Holland.

Bufo, auctorum.

1. Bufo vulgaris.

Rana rubeta, Gesner, Hid. Aniin. ii. p. 59.

Bufo teiTostria major, Schiceiickfcld, Theriotroph. Silcs. p. 159.

Kana bufo, L. Mus. Ad. Fried, p. 48, and Sy-st. Nat. i. p. 354 ; Rociel,

p. 85. t. 20, 21 ; 311111. Zool. Dan. Prodr. p. 35 ; 3Iei/er, Si/n. Rept.

p. 8; Sturm, Dt'utschlands Fauna, iii. Heft 1 ; Shaw, Zool. iii.

p. 138. pi. 40.
Bufo vulgaris, Laur. Si/ti. Rcpt. pp. 28, 125 ; Daub. Diet. Anini. p. 612 ;

Lacep. Hist. Nat. Quadr. Ovij>. i. p. 568 ; Bonnat. Enrijcl. p. 16 ;

Latr. Rept. i. p. 106 (B. roeselii, ventricosus) ; Daud. Rept. viii.

p. 139 (B. cinereus, roeselii, spinosus, ventricosus) ; Shaiv, Zool.

Lecf. pi. 91 ; Cuv. R'egne Anim. ; Guerin, Iconof/r. pi. 27. £ 1 ;

War/l. S;/st. p. 207; Eichio. Zool. Spec. p. 67; Faun. Casp.-Caucas.

p. 127. t. 31 ; Jenyns, Brit. Vertebr. p. 30 ; Holandre, Faunc

Depart. 3Ioselle, p. 223 ; Sc/iinz, Faun. Heivet. p. 144; Tschudi, Batr.

p. 88 ; Bonap. Fauna Ital. pi. ; Bell, Brit. Rept. p. 105. tig. ;

Dum. S)- Bihr. p. 670 (S^Tionyma complete).
cinereus, Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 185 ; 3Ierr. Tent. p. 182 ;

Gravenh. Delic. p. 62.

palmaium, Cuv. Rhjne Aniin.

alpinus, Sehinz, I. c.

Crown flat, without bony enlargement. Paratoids oblong, eUip-
tical, edged below with black. Tarsus without cutaneous fold.
Toes half- webbed. Ohvc or brownish, sometimes black-spotted ;
beneath whitish, sometimes black-spotted.

A. European variety. Glands of the back generally smooth,
without homy surface, flat, numerous.

«. Adidt : skeleton. England.

/). Adidt female. England. Mus. Leach.

c. Adult. Devonshii-e. Mus. Leach.

d. Adult. Isle of Arran. Mus. Leach.

e. Adult. Isle of Arran. Mus. Leach.

/. Adult. Paris. From M. Parzudaki's Collection.

(J, h. Adult. Sine patria.

{. Adult : stuffed. Athens. Presented by C. W. Mcrhn, Esq.

k\ Adult : skeleton. Sicilv.

56 iu:rTiLES.

?. Adult. Sicily. {B. jjcilmarum.)

m. Young: discoloured. Sine patria.

n, 0. LaiTSB. Bononia. Presented by J. J. Bianconi.

B. Asiatic varieties. Sides very distinctly marbled ^vitll black ;
belly black-spotted, Glands -with horny smface.

a. Bufo gargarizans, Cantor, Ann. of Nat. Hist. 1842, p. 483.
Tubercles not numerous, of unequal size.

p, q. Adult and young. Chusan. Presented by the Hon. East

India Company,
r, s. Adult. Chusan. Presented by the Hon. East India Company.
t-v. Half-gro-mi and young. Chusan.

/3. Bufo vulgaris japonicus, ScJilcgel, Faun. Jap. 106. t. 2.
f. 5, 6. — Tubercles numerous, of nearly equal size.

w^x. Adult and half-grown. Ningpo (China). From Mr. Cuming's

Collection,

i/, 2. Half-grown. Ningpo. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

a-l. Adult and half-grown. Japan. From the Lcyden Museum.

2. Bufo chilensis.

PBiifo thaul, Molina, Hist. Nat. Chili, p. 194; Sfhneid. Hist. Amph.

p. 227 ; Merr. Tent. p. 181.

thaid, Gam. et Less. Voy. Coq. ii. pi. 7. f. 6.

chilensis, (3Ius. Paris) Tschudi, Batr. p. 88; Eydoux et Soul.

Voy. Bonite, Bept. t. 9. f. 1, 2 ; Bell, Zool. Beagle, p. 49 ; Dtim. ^

Biitr. p. 078.
.'<pinulosus, Wieym. Nov. Act. xvii. t. 22. f. 3 ; Tsclmdi, Batr.

p. 88.

Crown without bony enlargement. Paratoids short, subtriangular.
Tarsus with a cutaneous fold at the inner edge*. Toes half-webbed.
Tymj^anum very distinct. OUve or brownish, with darker, sometimes
confluent spots ; beneath whitish, uniform or black-spotted.

a. Adult. Valparaiso. Presented by Charles Danvin, Esq.

h-d. Adult. Chili.

e. Adult. Cliili.

/. Half-grown. Chili.

fj. Half- grown. ChiH. From Mr. Bridge's CoUcetion.

h, i. Yoimg. Chili. Presented by Charles Dar-win, Esq.

I: Adult. Chili. Presented by J. B. Pentland, Esq.

I. Adult. California. Fiom Mr. Stevens's Collection. — This agrees
with the specimens from ChiU, cxcejjt in having a darker colo-
ration, and a very narrow whitish vertebral line.

* Bibron is wrong in denying the existence of this cutaneous fold : all the speci-
mens in the British Muscimi Collection exhibit it very well developed.

BATlUCniA SALIEXTIA. 57

3. Bnfo anomalus.

CrowTi without bony enlargement, flat; paratoids of moflorate size
siihquadrangular ; tarsus with a series of smaU rough tubercles at the
inner edge ; first cuneiform bone with a sharp, horny edge, black as
m Idobates adtrljH'.^ ; the opposite tubercle much smaller, rounded
black at the t,p Toes half-^^■cbbed, the third finger longer than the
foiu-th, the third toe longer tlian tlie fifth. Upper parts and sides of
the neck with small spiny warts. Tympanum hidden, very small,
about onc-fift 1 of the eye. OUvc, upper and lateral parts ir-regularly
spotted with black ; beUy yellowish, with a few small black spots.
«. Adult male. Mexico. Purchased of M. Parzudaki.

, ^n'^^^.f ^^'^ ^"'^^' ^*"' ^^"^^^ ''f the anterior extremity 1"-
length of the postenor extremity 2".-This interesting species differs
ironi al the others in ha%ing a sharp metatarsal tubercle and an ex-
ceedingly smaU tympanum. It may hereafter prove to be the t%-ne
of a separate genus. The denomination " anomalus " I foimd" on
the label of the bottle containing the animal, without any indication
where and by whom the name was given.

4. Bufo calamita.

Hoescl, Hkt. Han. t. 24 ; Pennant, Brit. Zool iii p 19

Bufo calamita, Zr,^,;. Sfpi. liept. p. 27. t. 1. f. iT Daub. Ena,cl. iii.

P- 290; Z««^.^i/,.,^ JV^„/ Q„„,/;, Ovip. I p. 592; Bonnat. Encycl.

P:.18; ^«^- ^n>t. iL p. 114; Baud. Hist. Bain. p. 77, and Kept.

Dehc.i^.br,- lUn,l. Hyst. p. 207 ; Elchic. Zool. Spec. in. p. 167

^Tn !'% f- Pi f.?^J ^''^''"^'' ^^''•- P- «8 ; ^onap. Faun. Ital.
JSell, lint. Kept. p. 116. fig. . '

Rana fcetidissima, Herni. Af. Anim. Tab. p. 260

-— PjOrtentosa, Blumenb. Handh. p. 243 ; Sturm, Deidscldands Fauna,

Bufo cruciatus, Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 193.
Rana mephitica, SJuw, Zool. iii. p. 149

^'%itsoc\8m"\f'^' ^"""' P' ^'^^' '^""^"' '" ^''"'"- <^«'"^'"-

portentosus, Schinz, Fauna Helvet. p. 144.

viridis, part., Bum. ^ Bibr. p. 681.

Crown without bony enlargement. Paratoids eUiptic, not black-
edged ; a paratoid-like gland on the upper side of legs. T^mipanum
hidden. Toes half- webbed. Brownish, with rounded bhiVk spots •
a yellowish vertebral Hue, sometimes wanting ; bcUv whitish'
generally black-spotted. " ^ ^^^tisn,

a-c. Adult and young. Blackheath.

d, e. Adult. Cambridgeshii-e.

/. Adult. Keny, Ireland. Presented by Dr. Purcell.

g, h. Young. Hambm-g. Presented by'Dr. Fricker

1. Adult. Calais. Presented by W. Leach, M.D

58 KErXILES.

Tc-m. Adult and hali'-grown. Europe. Old Collection.

n-q. Young. Em-ope.

r. Adult : stuffed. Eiu'ope.

s. Adult: stuffed. Europe.

t. Adult: skeleton. Em-ope.

5. Bufoviridis.

Bufo viridis, Luur. Si/n. Itq)t. p. Ill ; Daub. JEnq/cl. 3Ieth. p. 696;

Lacep. Quadr. Orip. i. p. 586 ; Bonnat. Encycl. p. 17 ; Schneid.

Hist. Ampih. p. 200 ; Latr. Rept. ii. p. 115 ; Daud. Hist. Rain.

p. 79. pi. 28. f. 2, and Rept. viii. p. 156 ; Bibr. ^ Bory de_^St. Vine.

Expi'd. Sc. 3Iuree, Rqd. pi. 15. f. 2, 3 ; Bonap. Faun. Ital. fig. ;

Dum. L*)- Bibr. p. 682 (Synonymy).
Rana butina, Blidl. Prodr. Zool. Dan. p. 293; Retz. Faun. Suec.

p. 283 ; Bonnat. I. c. p. 17.

sitibimda, Pall. Reis. i. p. 458.

variabilis, Pall. Spic. Zool. vii. p. 1. t. 6. f. 1, 2 ; Sturm,

Detdschlands Fauna, iii. Heft 2 ; Ouv. Rec/ne Anim. ; Men: Tent.

p. 180; Gravenh. Delic. p. 63; Wac/l. Syst. p. 207; Eichic. Zool.

Spec. iii. p. 167 ; Tschudi, Batr. p. 88 ; Schinz, Faun. Helv. p. 145 ;

Eichw. Faun. Caspio-Caucas. p. 126.

Crown without bony enlargement. Paratoids elliptic, not black-
edged ; no large gland on the upper side of legs ; tjTnpaniun rather
inchstinct, not quite half the size of eye. Toes half- webbed ; third
finger rather longer than fom-th. Two soft, blunt tubercles of
moderate size on the metatarsus, not colom-ed. Olive, with darker,
brownish, black-edged, generally kidney-shaped spots ; never a dorsal
streak ; beneath miifoi-m whitish.

a. Adult. Europe. Presented by A. Russell, Esq.
b-d. Adult. Germany. Purchased of Dr. Heekel.
e. Half-grown. Mediterranean. Presented by Mr. Miller.
/. Adult. Tm-in. Presented by Prof. Bonelli.
g. Adult. Xanthus. Presented by Charles Eellows, Esq.
/(. Half-grown. Ci-imea. Presented by B. L. Hawkins, Esq.
?'. Adult : discolom-ed. Euphrates. From Capt. Chesney's Expe-
dition.
h. Half-grown. Euphrates. From Capt. Chesney's Expedition.
I. Adult. Kurdistan.
m. Many specimens. Tripoli.
n. Adult. TripoU. Presented by J. Eitchie, Esq.
o-q. Half-grown. Ti-ipoH. Presented by J. Ritchie, Esq.
r. Adult. Egypt. Presented by J. Bmton, jim., Esq.
s. Adult. Egj7)t. {Bufo hemprkliii, Mus. Vienn.)
t-v. Half-grown. Egypt. Presented by M. Lcfebvre.
?t', X. Young. Guezama. Presented by Sii' W. C. Trevelyan.
.*/. Adult : stuffed. Sine patria.

This species, so Avell known in the south of tJermany, never
exhibits a large gland on the legs, as is represented in vol. voii. of

BATUACUIA SAL1£NTIA. 59

the Erpctoloyieyeiuirale, where the species is confounded with B. cala-
mtta, frequently found in the north of Gennany and in this country.
B. viridls is closely allied to B. panthennm, and the circumstance
of both being found together in North Afiica has almost alone pre-
vented me from uniting the species.

6. Bufo pantherinus.

Geoffr. Bescnpt. ilv. VEi/. Ilcpt. pi. 4. f. 1, 2.

Bufo pantherinus, Boie, 3Im. Lucjd. Bat. ; Tschudi, Batr. p. 88 ;
Diiiii. eV Bibr. p. 687.

arabicus, Riipp. Atl. Rcpt. t. 3. f. 2.

regularis, Retm, 3Ius. Senck. i. p. GO.

CrowTi ^v-ithout bony enlargement, rather concave. Paratoids
elliptic, not black-edged ; no large gland on the upper side of legs •
tympanum very distinct, half the size of eye or more. Toes half-
webbed ; third finger rather longer than foiu-th. Olive or brownish,
with darker, black-edged, kidney-shaped large spots. Beneath uni-
form, in young specimens black-spotted.

a. Adult. Africa. From M. Parziidaki's Collection.

h. Adult. Africa. {B. nuhicus.)

c-e. Adult. EgyiDt. Presented by A. Christy, Esq.

f-h. Half-grown. Eg^i^t. Presented by A. Christy, Esq.

I, I: Adult. Tunis. From Mr. Eraser's Collection.

1. Adidt. Tangiers. From Mr. Eraser's Collection.

m. Adult : stuffed. Algiers. From M. Parzudaki's Collection

n. Adult : stuffed. Alg-icrs. From M. Parzudaki's CoUection

0. Adult. W. Africa. From Mr. Rich's Collection.

p, q. Adult : discoloiu-ed. Gambia.

r. Adult. South Africa. Presented by Dr. A. Smith.

s. Adidt female. Cape of Good Hope. Presented by Dr. A. Smith.

t. Half-grown : bad state. Cape of Good Hope. Presented by the

Zoological Society.
ti-z. Adult. Africa. From Mr. Jamrach's Collection.— Hinder side

of legs beautiful purple, with brown spots.

There are moreover in the Collection two specimens belonging to
Dr. Smith's Bufo angvsticeps, the condition of which docs not allow
me to give an exact diagnosis ; but I am rather disposed to consider
this species as identical with B. panthennus.

Bufo angusticeps, Smith, III of S. Afr. pi. 69. f. 1, 1«.

(I. Cape of Good Hope. Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty.
h. South Africa.

7. Bufo giiiueensis.

Mua. Liiyd. Batav.
Crown without bony enlargement, broad, quite Hat. Paratoids

60 REPTILES.

narrow, much elongate, not black-edged, parallel to the vertebral
line ; no large gland on the upper side of legs ; tympanum very
distinct. Toes half- webbed ; tlurd finger slender, mnch longer than
fourth. Brownish, with four or five pairs of large, dark, black-
edged spots ; sometimes with a very narrow whitish vertebral litre.

a. Adult. West Africa. From Mr. Eraser's Collection.

b. Adult. Fernando Po. From Mi-. Fraser's Collection.

c. Adult. Coast of Guinea. From M. Parzudaki's Collection.

d. Adult. Coast of Guinea. From Mr. Frank's Collection.

e. Young. Sierra Leone.

8. Bufo tuberosus. (Plate III. fig. C.)

Crown without bony enlargement, broad, rather concave. Para-
toids not elongate, oblique, oval, not black-edged ; no large gland
on the upper side of legs ; tympanum distinct, small, round. Toes
not quite half-webbed ; fingers slender, third much longer than
foiu'th. Uniform dirty brown, with some obsolete daiker blotches ;
beneath dirll yello%vish, spotted -ndth bro-rni. Above and beneath
veiy warty ; warts covered with horny spines.

a. Adult. Fernando Po. From Mr. Fraser's Collection.

Descrij)tion of the specimen. — No other Toad in the British Museum
Collection exhibits such a warty and rough skin ; on the back the
warts bear a horny spine in the centre, siuTounded by a ring of
other ones. In general appearance the species is somewhat similar
to B. pantherinus, birt the snout is angular and slightly compressed.
Skin of head closely adherent to the skull; a series of tubercles
along the canthus rostrahs ; eyelids covered with numerous, high,
conical tubercles. Cleft of mouth moderate ; edge of upper jaw sharp ;
tongue very narrow, much elongate. Paratoids vnih a very rough
surface, obliquely situated on the shoulder, regularly oval, once and a
half as long as broad. Back covered with small conical tubercles and
with larger warts, bearing spines as above mentioned. Fnder pai-ts
covered with numerous conical tubercles, but -sx-ithout warts. Ex-
tremities rather slender ; metacarpus with two blunt tubercles, larger
than those on the tarsus ; along the under side of each finger and
toe a series of very prominent, smooth, rounded tubercles. Toes
not quite half-webbed. Inner edge of tai'sus not folded, tuberculous.
Size of B. viridis.

9. Bufo celebensis.

3Iiis. Liif/d. Batav.

Crown broad, rather flat ; along the canthus rostrahs a sharp low
ridge, forming a convex line in front ; another bony and not sharp
enlargement , beginning from the inner edge of eyelid, bent outwards,
and swoUcn on the occijnit, not continuous with the anterior ridge.

BATEACniA SALIENTIA. 6]

Paratoid «itiiatcfl behind the swoUen end of the bony enlargement
elongate, oval; tympanum rather inrUstinct. Toes not quito half-
webbed ; tarsus without cutaneous fold.

/'■ f i' u" ?'■'?'''• /™™ ?^''- ^^■'''"''''' t'ollcction as Bufo davdimi.
0. Adult. India. From Mr. Parrey's Collection.

10. Bufo melanostictus.

]3ufo melanostictus, Scluwid Hist. Amph. p. 216; Gmvenh. Belie.

p. o/; Lantor, Catal. of 3Lilui/an Ucpt p 142
— - scaher BawlHht. Rain. p. 04. pi. ?A. f. 1, and Rcpt. viii. p. 194 ;

Lntr. n.pt. 11. p. 184 ; THchmh, Batnwh. p. 88 ; Dam. ^- Bihr. p 699
-— bcn-alen.is^ Baud. Rain. p. 96. pi. 36. f. 1, and Rept. viii. p. 197 \

Lesson, Voij. Bel. Rept. p. 334. ■< f >
carinatus, Gray, Lid. Zool. pi.

Crown concave, with a bony enlargement round the orbit above
and bent down between orbit and paratoid. Paratoids moderate!
prominent ovoid Toes half-webbed; tarsus tuberculous, ^vithout
cutaneous fold. Back and sides with conical spine-bearing tubercles.
a. Adult. Cliina.

h, c. AdiUt. China. Presented by J. Reeves, Esq.
d. Adult. Cliina. Presented by J. Reeves, Esq
e,f. Adult. Cliina.
g. Adult. China.
h. Adult : not good state. China.
i. Adult. China.
1c. Adult. China.

1. Half-grown. China. From the Haslar Collection
m, n. Young. China. Presented by J. C. Bowring, Esq
o-q. Half-grown. Sikkim. Presented by Dr. Hooker. Back rather

more warty.
r. Adult. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq
s. Adult : skin. Jfepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq *
t, u. Adult and half-grown. Bengal. Presented by the Zoolo-ical
society. °

v-x. AdiUt and half-grown. Madras. Presented by J. C. Jerdon
Esq. "^ '

y. Adult: stuffed. Madras.

r, a. Adult and half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuminc^'s Col-
lection. '^

(i-e. Half-grown and young. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Col-
lection. °
^, Tj. Adult. Ceylon. Presented by Dr. Ivelaart
d. Adult. Java.

I, K. Half-grown. Java. From the Leyden Museum.
\, fx. Adult. Borneo.
V. Half-grown. Borneo.

* The specimens from Nortliern India Imve rather larger paratoids.

62 REPTILES.

i,. Achilt. Philippine Islands. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

c. Adult. India. Piu'chased.

TT. Adult. India. Presented by the Zoological Society.

p. Adult. Asia.

(T-x- Adult. Asia. Presented by the Earl of Derby.

v//. Half-grown. Asia.

11. Bufo asper.

Bufo asper, Leyd. Mus. ; Grarciih. Ddic. p. 58 ; Tschudi, Batrach.
p. 88 ; Bam. ' l^- Bibr. p. 668.

Crown concave, swollen round the orbit above, but not forming a
crenulatcd ridge, with a large bony enlargement between the orbit
and paratoid. Paratoids moderate, subtriangidar. Tarsus with a
cutaneous fold internally. Back and sides with conical spine-bear-
ing tubercles.

a. Adult. Java. From the Leyden Museum.

6, 0. Adult : not good state. Mergui. Presented by Prof. Oldham.

12. Bufo biporcatus.

Bufo biporcatus, (Schleq.) Tschudi, Batr. p. 88 ; Gravenh. Delic. p. 53 ;
Bum. Si- Bibr. p. 714. '

Forehead and crown concave, on each side a bony ridge, both
convergent anteriorly, parallel and straight posteriorly. Snout
rather compressed in front. Paratoids small, oval ; tympanum very
distinct. Toes two-thirds webbed; tarsus without cutaneous fold
at the inner edge.

a, h. Adult. Java. From the Leyden Museum.

13. Bufo cruentatus.

Bufo craentatus, Leyd. Mus. ; Tschudi, Batrach. p. 88 ; Dum. Sf Bibr.
p. 665.

Two paratoids on each side, — one on the neck, the other one near
the shoulder.

o. Adult. Java. From the Leyden Museum.

14. Bufo isos.

Bufo isos, Lesson, Voy. Bel. Rept. p. 333. pi. 7 ; Dum. ^ Bibr. \\\\. p. 702.

Upper edge of the orbits rather prominent; edge of the upper
jaw free, sharp, and slightly nicked in the centre. Paratoids twice
as long as broad, rather pointed behiad, rounded in front. Tympa-
num large, distinct. Toes entirely webbed. Edge of tarsus tuber-
culous, without ciitaneous fold (Zlifm. ^ 5(6>*.). Asia; Bengal.

liATRACIIIA SALIENTIA. 63

15. Bufo lentigfinosus.

Rana ten-estris, Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carol, ii. pi. G9 ; Bart. Travels in

Carol. j3. 279.

musica, Linn. Si/.st. Nat. i. p. 354 (incorrect description).

Bufo lentiginosus, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 173.

musicus, Zatr. liqit. ii. p. 127 ; Baml. Hist. Rain. p. 9. pi. 33.

f. 3, and lii-pt. viii. p. 190 ; Merr. Tent. p. 185 ; Gravetih. Delic.

p. 59; Tschudi, Batrack. p. 88.

A bony ridge above and behind the ocular edge, forming together

a right angle; first finger rather longer than .second; paratoids
obloug, cUiptic; toes half- webbed ; tarsus without cutaneoas fold.
Brownish ohve, with a yellowish vertebral Hne ; two dark brown
transverse spots between the eyes ; back and sides with dark brown
spots ; beUy uniform whitish, or marbled with brown.

Var. A. Bufo americanus, {Leconte, MSS.) Harlan, Joum.
Acad. Nat. Sc. Fhiiad. v. p. 344 ; Holbr. N. Amer. Eerpet.
V. t. 4 ; Dum. Sf Bihr. p. 695. — Bony ridges moderate, not
swollen behind.

a. Adidt. Puerto CabeUo. From Mr. Brandt's Collection.

b. Many specimens, half-grown and young. Brazil. Presented by

Dr. Gardiner.

c. Young. Great Bear Lake. Presented by Sir J. Richardson.

d. Adiilt. N. America. Presented by Dr. J. Green, named by Mr.

Holbrook.
e-h. Young. N. America. Presented by Edward Doubleday, Esq.
i-n. Adult and half-grown. N. America. Presented by Edward

Doubleday, Esq.

0. Adult. America.
p. Adult. America.

q. Adult : not good state. America.
r. Young. America.

s, t. Very large. America. From Mr. Jamrach's Collection. Warts
very large and spiny.

Var. B. Bufo musicus, Harlan, Joum. Acad. A\d. Sc. Philad.
V. p. 344; Btnn. Sf Bihr. p. 689 ; Holbr. N. Amer. Eerpet.
V. pi. 1. — Bony ridge swoUen behind.

M. Adult. New York. From Mr. Brandt's Collection.

v-x. Half-grown and young. Lake Winnipeg. Presented by Sir
J. Richardson.

y. Many specimens. N. America. Presented by Edward Double-
day, Esq.

2, a. Adult. N. America. Presented by Odo Russell, Esq.

/3. Yoimg : has been dried. N. America. Presented by Odo Russell,
Esq.

y. Half-grown. N. America.

1. Adult. Mexico. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

E. Adult. America. Presented by the Zoological Society,
n. Adult. America.

64 REPTILES.

1 6. Biifo leschenaiUtii.

Biifo lesclienaultii, Bibr. in Mas. Par. ; Tschwli, Batrach. p. 89 ;
Dwn. cS'- Bihr. p. G66.

Cro\vn \rithout bony enlargement ; muzzle tnmcated ; paratoids
subtriangular, large ; toes nearly free ; a tarsal cntaneous fold.
Guiana.

17. Bufo ocellatus.

Crown rather flat, -with two bony ridges, beginning from the
snout, much divergent posteriorly, each biiid behind ; snout rather
pointed, protruding. Paratoids indistinct, not swoUon ; tympanum
very distinct, much higher than broad. Above covered -with nume-
rous nearly equal warts, beneath granulated. Toes half- webbed ;
tarsus with two tubercles, without cutaneous fold. Back brown, with
a narrow yeUow vertebral line separating foiu' or five pairs of black,
yellow-edged spots; sides punctated with yellow; belly punctated
with black.
a. Adult. Brazil. From M. Parzudald's Collection.

IS. Bufo ornatus.

Bufo ornatus, Spix, Spec. Nov. Test. t. 16. f. 1 ; Gravenh. Delic. p. 54 ;
Wied, Ahbild. tab. .

dorsalis, Spix, I. c. t. 17. f. 2 ; Wied, Rec. PI. Col.

cinctus, Wied, Beitr. i. p. 564, and Ahbild. tab. .

melanotis, Bum. Si- Bibr. p. 7lO.

Crown concave, with a bony enlargement round the upper and
hinder edge of orbit ; snoiit obtuse, rounded. Paratoids moderate,
elongate, oval ; tympanum very distinct. Toes half- webbed ; tai'sus
with a series of small tubercles along the inner edge. A large
brown oblique streak across the tympanum ; back with a yellowish
dorsal line, and a few pairs of brown spots on each side of it.

a. Adult. Kio de Janeu'o. Presented by the Lords of the Admi-
ralty.
h. HaK-grown : bad state. Eio de Janeiro.

c. HaK-growTi. Para. Presented by K,. Graham, Esq.

d. Half-grown. Para. Presented by R. Graham, Esq.

e. Half-grown. Brazil. Pui'chased of Dr. Garchner.

f. a. Half-groAvn. Brazil. Presented by Lord Stuart.
h, i. Half-grown. BrazU. Presented by Lord Stiiart.
k. Half-grown. Brazil. Presented by Lord Stuart.

I. HaK-grown. Brazil. Presented by Lord Stuart.
m. Half-grown. Brazil. Presented by Lord Stuart,
n. Adult. Bi-azil. Presented by Lord Stuart.
0. Young : bad state. Brazil. Presented by Lord Stuart.
p. Adult. Brazil.

q. Adult: bad state. Puerto Cabello. From Mr. Brandt's Col-
lection as B. cinctus.

BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. gg

« t ^f "if" ""Tl J^n'^^'-^iela. From Mr. Dyson's Collection.
^^*^ Adult and half-sTOAvn. S. America. Presented by Charles

^"^;/h *\ ^•/°'T'"-. fr«««°ted V Charles Da4in, Esq. '^
V. Adult: stuffed. America. From Mr. Argent's CoHection.

19. Bufo agua.

^f-iw, i. 7G. 1.

nici. ^.U2A.;Lacep Quadr. Ovijy. i. p. 539; Bommt. Enciicl p G

3Ierr. Tod. p. 182; Gravenh. Belie, p. 54 • P- iw,

~-^^'^\if'';,-^'^h "• P- l^i ^««^- ^«««- P- 99- Pl. 37, and Rent

Wted, Rem- nach Bras. i. p. 52, ii. p. 241, .and Rec. PI. Col. pl. and
Rett,: I. p. 551 ; Tschudi, Batrach. p. 88; Bum. ^ Bihr. pTOS

homctu., Baud.Ra,.. p. 97. pl. m, and R,pLy\u. p. §01

liumerahs, Baud. R,pt. viii, p. 205

Bonibinator horridus, iJ/,/v. Tew^. p. 179

Bufo maculiv^ntris, lazarus, steUatus, scaber, Spix, I. c

ictencus, Spijc, l. c. ; Gravenh. I.e.

b,-n^r7^/'''T'V^^^Tf b«°.y e^argement round the upper and
elHnhV f ^1^'*- .^f*"'^ enormous, rhomboidal or oval, or
elliptic Toes half-webbed; tarsus with a cutaneous fold at the
inner edge. ^

a. Adult. America.

b. Adult. America. Piu-chased.

c. Adult. America.

rf. Adiilt. America. From Mr. Cuming's Collection
e. Adult. America.
/. Adult. America.

f • ^^^\ ^- ^"^merica. From Mr. Bates's Collection,
' '• J^'i^-g™^- Buenos Ayres. Presented by Charles Daninn
Jis(]. faratoids very narrow, elongate.

' ^,^l*-,^''o^^ = «kin- Brazil. Presented by Mrs. Parker
OT, w. Adult. Brazil.

0. Adult. Brazil. From Mr. Clausen's Collection

p. Adult. Brazil. Presented by Lord Stuart.

q, r. A^dult and half-grown. Brazil. Presented by Charles Darmn,

s. Adidt. Bahia.

'' ^t^lt • ^'*' '^"^ Janeiro. Presented by the Lords of the Admi-

M. Adult. Para. Presented by R. Graham, Esq

V. Adult. Para. Presented by R. Graham, Esq.

r«, ^ Adidt and half-groMTi. Para. Presented by R. Graham. Esq

y. Half-gro^vn. Para. From Mr. Stevens's Collection ''

66 REPTILES.

z. Very large specimen. Upper Esseqiiibo. Presented by Sir R.
Schomburgk.

0. Very large specimen. Demerara.

jS. Acliilt. Demerara. Presented by Captain Sabine,

y. Adult : stiiifed. Demerara.

1. Adiilt: female. Andes of Ecuador. From Mr. Eraser's Collection.
6. Adult: male. Andes of Ecuador. From Mr. Eraser's Collection*.
,;. Adult. Veneziicla. From Mr. Dyson's Collection.

r\. Adult. Venezuela. From Mr. Dj^son's Collection.

c/. Adult. Venezuela. From Mr. Dyson's Collection.

I. Adult. Venezuela. From Mr. Dyson's Collection. Olive, mar-
bled with bro-mi.

ic. X. Half-grown and young. Vera Cruz. From Mr. Cuming's
Collection.

^. Large specimen. Mexico.

V. Yoimg : bad state. Mexico. From M. Salle's Collection.

I,. Adult. Jamaica.

o. Adult. Jamaica. Back with a few large, bro^vn, black-edged
spots.

■K. HaLf-grown : skin. America. From Mr. Argent's Collection.

p. Adult: stuffed. America. From the Haslar Collection,

s. Adult : dried. America.

T. Skeleton. S. America.

i;. Skeleton. Brazil.

20. Bufo nebulifer.

Bufo granulosus, Baird i*y- Girard, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1852, p. 173.
nebiilifer, Girard, I. c. 1854, p. 87 ; Hallow, ibid. 1856, p. 308.

Crown very concave, on each side with a high ridge, beginning
from the nostril, not confluent with that of the other side, bifid
behind, one branch ending above the tympanum, and the other one
on the occiput ; edge of the upper jaw not dilated. Paratoids short,
round, or triangular ; tympanum very distinct. Toes half- webbed ;
tarsus without cutaneous fold. A vertebral line and a broader
lateral band of yellowish-white coloiir ; between the bifiu'cation of
the two ridges a black streak across the crown ; a few pairs of black
spots along the vertebral line.

«. Adult. Vera Cruz. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

b. Adult. Mexico. From Mr. Cuming's Collection as B. hispidns.

c. Adiilt : female. Mexico. From M. Salle's Collection.

d. Half-grown. Mexico. From M. Salle's Collection.

e. Adiilt. Texas. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

f. Adult. Central America. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

* There cannot be the least doubt that these specimens from Guayaquil belong
to the same species ; the male is rather smaller, and exliibits all the warts covered
with spmes, whilst in the female only some of the warts exhibit a horny surface.
Other male specimens in the Collection show the same peculiarity. In this spe-
cies the size of the tympaniun is subject to some variation in specimens from
the same locality and with the same external characters.

BATKACHIA SALIENTIA. 67

21. Bufo peltocephalus.

Bufo peltocephalus, Bibr. Mus. Paris ; Txchudl, Batrach. p. 89 ; Bihr.
in liainun de la Suyra^ Hist. He de Cuba, Rcpt. pi. 30 ; Dum. t^- Bihr.
p. 712.

Crown concave, an iiTegularly creniilated lidge above the orbit
and along- tlic cantlms rostralis ; snout obtuse, rounded. Puratoids
moderate, oval or elliptical, obliquely situated. Toes hall'- webbed ;
tarsus with a cutaneous fold at the inner edge.

a-c. Adult and half-gro^\^l. Cuba. Presented by the Zoological

Society.
d. Adult. Cuba.

22. Bufo d'orbignjri.

D'Orbifpi;/, Vol/. Amer. 3Ierid. t. 15. f. 5-7.
Bulb d'orbigiijd, Du?». iS'- Bibr. p. 697.

Crown on each side ynth. a sharp bony ridge, Y-shaped poste-
riorly ; edge of upper jaw dilated behind ; first linger rather shorter
than second ; jiaratoids short, very small ; toes half-webbed.
Brownish olive, ^vith indistinct darker spots, a yellowish veii;ebral
line beginning from the snoiit ; belly uniform whitish ; crown with-
out black cross-streak.

a-c. Adult and half-grown. Montevideo. Presented by Charles
Darwin, Esq.

d. Adult. Monte\ideo.

e. Young. Chili. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq.

/. Young. Eio Chupat. Presented by Charles Danvin, Esq.

23. Bufo granulosus. (Plate V. fig. A.)

Bufo granulosus, Spix, Spec. Nor. Test. t. 21. f. 2.

struniosus, pt., I)u7n. ^- Bibr. p. 710. (Exemplaires du Br^sil,

de la Guyane et de Cayenne, avec une serie de petits tubercules le

long du bord interne du tarse.)

Crown rather flat, not very concave, with a slight bony enlarge-
ment round the upper edge of eye ; muzzle naiTow, pointed, ob-
licjuely truncated, upper part prominent ; groove before the eye not
very deep. Paratoids moderate, subtriangidar, not very prominent ;
tympanum distinct. Toes half- webbed ; tarsiLS -without cutaneous
fold at the inner edge. Belly and breast uniform white.

(/, b. Adidt. Pernambuco. Presented by J. P. G. Smith, Esq.

c. Adult. Pernambuco. Presented by J. P. G. Smith, Es(i.

d. Adult. South America. From Mr. Bates's Collection.
e-<j. Half-grown. America.

24. Bufo gutturosus. (Plate V. fig. B.)

Bufo guttm-osus, Latr. llqd. ii. p. 135.

guttiu'osus et .strumosus, iJuud. Itain. pi. 34. f. 2. and Rept. viii.

p. 1(!G.

]•• 2

68 KEPIILKS.

Bombinator stnimosus, 3Ien: Tent. p. 179.
Biifo stnimosus, Grarenh. Delic. t. 9. f. 3.

struniosus, pt., Dian. ^- Bibr. p. 716. (Exemplaires des Antilles

avec une saillie cutanee le long du bord interne du tarse.)

Crown very concave, with a bony enlargement round the upper
edge of eye ; muzzle narrow, pointed, roimdcd in front ; a deep groove
before the eye. Paratoids moderate, rounded behind ; tympanum
distinct. Toes two-tliirds webbed ; tarsus with a cutaneous fold at
the inner edge. Under parts uniform whitish, throat sometimes
dii-ty white.

a-c. Adult. St. Domingo. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

d. Half-grown. St. Domingo. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

e. Adidt. St. Domingo.

/, (J. Adult. Hayti. Presented by J. Heame, Esq.

25. Bufo stemosignatus. (Plate V. fig. C.)

Crown rather ilut, with a bony enlargement round the upper edge
of the eye, in young indi\"iduals bifid Ijchind, in adult forming a rather
prominent ridge above the tympanum ; muzzle narrow, pointed, ver-
tically truncated in front ; groove before the eye not very deep ;
tympanum distinct. Toes half- webbed ; inner edge of metatarsus
tubercular. Throat, breast and upper part of belly browTi-spotted,
more in young individuals ; in the old ones a yellowish rectangular
cross in the middle of the brown spots.

a, h. Adidt. Venezuela. From Mr. Dyson's Collection.

c. Adidt. Puerto Cabello. From Mr. Brandt's Collection.

d. Half-grown. Cordova. From M. Salle's Collection.

e. Half-grown. Mexico. From M. Parzudaki's Collection.

Description. — This species is closely allied to the tw^o preceding
ones, but all the thi'ee may be easily chstinguishcd from one another
by the characters given above. As in the two other species, each
canthus rostralis represents an arch, with the convexity bent inwards ;
the loreal region beneath is slightly grooved, so as to give to the
muzzle a pointed appearance ; it is vertically truncated in front, being
rounded in B. gutturosus, and obUquely tmncated with prominent
upper part in B. granulosus. The crown is broad, rendered shghtly
concave by a bony enlargement nmning round the upper edge of the
eye, and swollen into a prominent ridge above the tympanum ; in young
indi-viduals another branch arises from behind the eye and is lost in
front of the paratoid. The tympanum is very distinct, and at least
one-half the size of the eye. The paratoid, being in young specimens
more rounded and prominent, becomes subtriangadar in old age. All
the tipper and lower parts are thickly covered with smaU spiae-
bearing warts ; sometimes a series of rather larger ones may be
distiaguished running from behind the paratoid to the loin. The
second and fourth fingers are nearly of the same length, the third
much longer. The inner edge of the metatarsus is covered with spiny

BATKACUTA SALIENTIA. OV

tubercles, and nothing of a fold is to be seen. The toes are half-
webbed ; the third rather longer than the fifth. There are two small
and blunt tubercles on the metatarsus. The system of the coloration
of the ujjpcr paiis is very similar to that of Bufo ornatus. Ground
colour greyish brown or brown ; a more or less distinct, uninten-upted
yellowish line from the muzzle to the end of the coccygeal style ; on
both sides of it symmetrical reddish-brown markings, the most con-
stant of which are a broad cross-band between the eyes, and two
irregular blotches on the sacral region ; arms and legs with a few
cross-bands. The coloration of the lower parts appears to be a
constant character : the throat, breast and upper part of beUy are
tliickly covered with dark bro^v^l more or less confluent spots ; these
parts become lighter with age, but across the middle appeal's a white
rectangular cross, the horizontal branches of which reach from one
humeral joint to the other. Length of body 2" ; length of anterior
extremity 1^" ; length of posterior extremity 2^".

3. OTILOPHUS.

Head moderate, angidar ; muzzle distinct and pointed ; crown on
each side wath an enormous, erect, sharp, bony ridge from the orbit
to the paratoid (in adult specimens) ; on the side a large cutaneous
fold. Teeth none in jaws nor in palate ; eustachian tubes moderate.
Tongue oval, entire, free behind. Tympanum more or less distinct ;
paratoids prominent ; skin warty. Fingers four, free ; toes five,
half- webbed. Male with a single internal vocal sac. South America.

Otilophiis, Cucier, Eeffne Anim. ; TschucK, Batr. p. 89.
Bufo, sp., Rana, sp., auct. cceter.

1. Otilophus margaritifer.
Si'ha, i. 71. 6-9.
? Rana tj^honia, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 356 ; Shmc, Zool. iii. p. 159.

pi. 45.

margaritifera, Laur. Si/n. Jtept. p. 30.

perlata, Lacep. Qttadr. Oiip. i. p. 545 ; Bonnat. Erpet. p. 4.

Biifo tj'phonius, Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 207 ; 3Ierr. Tent. p. 181 ;

Gravenh. Delic. p. 5-3.

nasutus, Schneid. I. c. p. 217 ; Spia^, Spec. Nov. Test. p. 14. f. 3.

margaritifer, Lcitr. Kept. ii. p. 118; Daud. Raiv. pi. 33. f. 1, and

liept. viii. p. 179; Dum. ($• Bihr. p. 718.
naricus, acutirostris, proboscideiis, Spix, I. c. t. 14. f. 2, t. 21.

f. 3, 4.

oxyi'hynchus, Wied, Rec. PI. Col., and Abbild. t.

Otilophus porlatus. Cur. Rer/ne Anim.
typhouius, Tschudi, Batr. p. 89.

Paratoids small ; tarsus without cutaneous fold at the inner edge.

a. Adult : skeleton. Cayenne.

h. Adult. Tropical America. From ]Mr. Bates's Collection.

c. Half-grown : not good state. Tropical America.

70 EEniLES.

d-f. Adult. Amazon. From IMr. Bates's Collection.

g. Adult. Para. Presented by R. Graham, Esq.

h-m. Half-grown. Para. From Mr. Stevens's Collection.

n, 0. Half-grown. Para. From Mr. Stevens's Collection.

p. Adult. Andes of Ecuador. From Mr. Eraser's Collection.

The enormous car-shaped bony plates, formed by the orbital edge
of the parietal and temporal bones, are described by Cuvier. But
there arc moreover the neiu'al spines of the third to the eighth vertebrae
developed as in no other frog, being higher than the centrum of the
vertebra, and slightly bifid behind. The bones of the front extremity
are relatively more slender than in other toads ; the ridge of the hu-
merus is broad, in the femiu' absent. The iliac bones are short and
far distant from one another, forming an angle of about 35°.

Second Series. OPISTHOGLOSSA PLATYDACTYLA.
Section I. Hylina.

0. PLATYDACTYLA with maxiUary teeth and with the ear perfectly
developed,

Fam. 1. POLYPEDATID^.

Hylina with webbed toes, cylindrical processes of sacral vertebra,
and without paratoids.

Sipwpsis of the Genera.

1. Acris. Disks small. Toes broadly webbed ; fingers free ; tongue

heart-shaped. North America.

2. Hylarana. Toes broadly webbed ; fingers free ; tongue deeply

notched ; vomerine teeth. East Indies ; West Africa.

3. Ixalus. Tongue deeply notched ; no vomerine teeth. East Indies.

4. Polypedates. Toes broadly webbed; fingers slightly webbed,

none opposite to the others ; tongue deeply notched ; vomerine
teeth. East Indies ; Madagascar.

5. Ehacophorus. Fingers completely webbed. East Indian Islands.

6. Cornufer. Toes webbed only at the base ; vomerine teeth ; crown

deeply concave. New Guinea ; Java.

7. Elosia. Toes webbed only at the base ; vomerine teeth ; crown

flat. Brazil.

8. Chiromantis. Two fingers opposite to the two other ones.

Mozambique.

9. Hyperolius. No vomerine teeth ; tongue heart-shaped. West

and South Africa.

BATEACHIA SALIENTIA. 71

10. Leptopelis. Vomerine teeth. Disks large; fingers slightly
webbed; toes broadly webbed; tongue heart-shaped. West
Africa.

1. ACRIS*

Vomerine teeth. Skin of back smooth, or slightly granular.
Disks small ; fingers free ; toes broadly webbed. Tympanum in-
distinct ; eustachian tubes small ; tongue large, heart-shaped ; male
with an interior subgular sac. North America.

Acris, Dum. i>f Bibr. viii. p. 506.

Hylodes, sp., Holbr. N. Amm: Herpet. iv. p. 131.

Rana, sp., attct. prior.

1. Acris gryllus.

Bartrum, Journ. p. 278.

Rana gryllus, Leconte, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, i. p. 282 ;
Harlan, Med. Phys. Res. p. 104.

dorsalis, Harlan, Med. Phys. Res. p. 105.

Acris grj'Uus, Ihcm. 8^ Bibr. p. 507.
Hylodes giyllus, Holbr. I. c. pi. 33.

Vomerine teeth in two groups, on a level with the hinder edge of
the interior nostrils ; crown with a large dark brown spot ; some-
times with a dorsal band. Head elongated, pointed.

a. Many specimens. North America. Presented by Edward

Doubleday, Esq.

b, c. Adult. North America. Presented by Edward Doubleday,

Esq.
d-fj. Adult and half-grown. Philadelphia. From Mr. Cuming's

Collection.
h. Adidt. South Carolina. Presented by R. Harlan, M.D, as

Rana dorsalis.

2. Acris pickeringii.

Hylodes pickeringii, Holbr. I. c. pi. 34.

Head rather short; body yellowish brown, with small dusky
rhomboidal spots and lines, sometimes arranged in the form of a
cross. North America.

2. HYLARANA.

Vomerine teeth. Skin smooth, generally with two glandular
folds. Disks rather small ; fingers quite free, toes broadly webbed.

* This genus might belong to the family of ITylidne. Bibron and also Baird
describe the (liiipo]iliysc8 of the sacral vertebra as not dilated ; but I ask naturalists
having the opportunity of examining y)('.s/; specimens, to direct theu- attention to
this subject. The relation to Pseudacris nigrita is very gi'eat, which species
also exliibits only slightly dilated processes.

72 KEl'TILES.

Tynipauum distinct ; eustachian tubes moderate ; tongue elongate,
broader, free and deeply notched behind. Sacral vertebra not di-
lated. Males with an internal subgular vocal sac. East Indies ;
West Africa.

Lininodytes, Viun. if,- Bihr. viii. p. 510.
ITylarana, Polypedates, sp., Tschudi, Batr. p. 78.
Ilyla, sp., Schlegel, Abbild. pp. 24, 57.

1. Hylarana macrodactyla. (Plate II. fig. C.)

Snout very much elongate, pointed ; fomih toe two-thirds the
length of body ; toes half- webbed ; on each side of back a narrow
white glandular fold ; a white vertebral line ; a whitish streak along
the upper lip.

a. h. Adult and half-grown. Hong Kong. Presented by J. C.

Bowring, Esq.
0, d. Adult and half-grown. China. Presented by J. R. Reeves,

Esq.
e. Half-grown. China.
/". Half-grown : bad state. China.

Description. — Habit very slender ; head much elongate, with flat
crown, rather rounded canthus rostralis, and long pointed muzzle ;
upper jaw reaching far beyond the lower one ; loreal region grooved ;
nostril oval, lateral, just below the canthus rostralis, nearer the end
of snout than the eye. Eye moderate, prominent ; tympanum large,
nearly the width of eye, just above the angle of mouth. Extremities
slender, with small, rather indistinct disks ; fingers quite free ; the
third much the longest, first and second nearly equal in length, the
foiu-th rather longer ; subarticular tubercles moderate ; toes very long
and slender, half- webbed, foiu-th much the longest, fifth longer than
thii-d ; at the base of the tii'st finger a tubercle, rather smaller than
the subarticular ones. Skin quite smooth, only the hinder part of
the under side of the thigh granular ; a glandular fold from the back
edge of eye along the sides of back. Cleft of mouth long ; tongue
large, very long, very deeply notched behind ; palate very narrow ;
interior nostrils moderate, eustachian tubes rather larger ; vomerine
teeth in two oblique series, convergent posteriorly, between the
inner nostrils. Above oUve, ^vith thi'ee pai'allel white stripes, one
from the muzzle to the anus, and the two others along the glandular
folds ; some brown spots between ; sides of body black-spotted ; loreal
region blaclush, with a white streak from the end of snout passing
between tympanimi and angle of mouth ; extremities above with ir-
regular spots and streaks ; under parts unifonn yello\^'ish. Length of
body 11" ; length of cleft of mouth 1" ; length of front extremity |-" ;
length of hinder extremity 3" ; length of thii'd finger y ; length of
foiu'th toe \\".

BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 73

2. Hylarana erjrthraea.

Ilyla ei^thraea, 8chlei/el, AhUld. t. 9. f 3

Hylarana erj'thrtea, Tschudi, p. 78.

Limnodytes erytlirifius, iJum. 4'- Btbr. p. 511. pi. 88. f. 1.

length ot body ; toes nearly entirely webbed ; on each side of back
a narrow white gandular fold ; a wliitish streak along the upper 1 p
(sometimes a white vertebral line). ^ ^ ^

a-c. Adult Sumatra. From the Leyden Museum.
d, e. Adult and half-grown. Philippines.
/. Adidt. Philippines.

3. Hylarana chalconota.
Ilyla chalconota, Schlefj. Abbild. t. 9 f. 1

I oh^)edates chalconotus, Tschudi, Batr. p. 76
l.nnnodytos chalconotus, Dum. 8r Bibr. p. 513.

len^trofTodrf ^ '^'T'' 'fY' P^^*^^= f°"^^ t°« ^^^ the
length of body; toes nearly entirely webbed; on each side of back

streront " r'^"' ""^^ "P^"' ^'''''' ^^'^«™ brownish ; no
stieak on the upper lip. '

a. Adult. Java. From the Leyden Museum.

4. Hylarana albolabris.

Ilyla albolabris, HnUoivell, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1856, p. 153.

Snout moderate; fourth toe nearly half the length of body • toes
two-thirds webbed ; on each side of back a narrow o-landular 'foW
nppor parts uniform blackish brown ; a white streak abngte uppj;

a Adult. Gaboon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.
6. Adult. Gaboon. From Mr. Cuming's CoUection
c. Large specimen. Fernando Po. From Mr. Frasm-'s CoUection.

5. Hylarana madagascariensis.

■1 lZ7!o^^ f ?',' '^i^^' f ^"^^^^^^" = ""' g'^'-^^^^J'-^r fold on the back •
ilmpiM)!;:;^:^;.''"' = ^ ''-'-^ ^^^^^ «^ the Wl region and on the

74 REPTILES.

3. IXALUS.

No vomerine teeth. No larger gland. Fingers quite free ; toes
more or less webbed. TjTnpanum distinct ; eustachian tubes mode-
rate ; tongue elongate, free and deeply notched behind. Sacral ver-
tebra not or very slightly dilated. Males with two (external) vocal
sacs. East Indies.

Ixaliis, Dum. ^- Bibr. viii. p. 523.
Orcliestes, Tschudi, Batr. p. 76.
Hyla, sp., Schlegel, Ahhild. p. 27.

1. Ixalus aurifasciatus.

Hyla aurifasciata, Schleg. 1. c. t. 9. f. 4.
Orchestes aiu'ifasciatus, Tschudi, I. c.
Ixalus aurifasciatus, Dum. l^ Bibr. I. c.

Toes not quite half-webbed ; back mth only a few scattered very
small tubercles. Head black, with a yellowish cross-band. Back
greyish, with two darker, broad, curved bands ; legs with blackish
cross-bands.

a. Adult. Java. From the Leyden Museum.
h. Adult : not good state. Java. From Mr. Parrey's Collection.
c, cl. Adiilt male and female. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Col-
lection.

2. Ixalus variabilis. (Plate IV. fig. A. B.)

Disks of fingers rather large ; skin of back quite smooth. Toes
two-thixds webbed ; above unifomi or with redchsh-grey spots ; no
cross-bands on the sides.

Var. A. Above uniform bluish grey ; beneath whitish, on the sides
and on the hinder parts of the thighs variegated with white (fig. A).

a. Adult female. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

h-e. Adult and half-grown females. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's

Collection.
/. Adult female : skeleton. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection,
f/. Adult female. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.
h. Adult. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

Var. B. Above olive, with lai'ge brownish-grey, blackish-edged
spots ; a cross-band of the same colour between the eyes ; extremities
with cross-bands; no cross-band on the side; belly whitish (fig. B).

i. Adult female. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

Var. C. Above olive, variegated with bro-mi ; a narrow white line
from the muzzle to the anus ; lower legs with obsolete transverse
undulated hues ; belly unifonn whitish.

k. Adult female. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 75

Description. — In habit .similar to young specimens of Polypedates
macniatits, but easily to be distinguished by the hidden tympanum,
whilst on the other hand the vomerine teeth are rather difficult to be
seen in young specimens of P. maculatus. Head broad, ^\^th flat
crowTi, angular canthus rostralis, and A^ath rather short muzzle ;
nostril round, on the canthus ; eye large ; tjTupanum covered by the
8kin, conspicuous in rather dried specimens, oval, oile-fom-th the
width of eye. Disks rather large ; subarticular tubercles moderate ;
fingers very slightly webbed ; toes two-thirds webljcd, third and
fifth nearly equal in length, fourth not much longer. 8kin quite
smooth, only belly and hinder side of thigh granular ; a cutaneous
fold from the eye above the tjTnpanum to the ann-pit. Transverse
process of sacral vertebra with a slightly dilated cartilage at the outer
end ; tongue heart-shaped, deeply notched behind ; interior nostrils
round ; eustachian tubes triangular, nearly equalling them in size.
Length of body li" ; length of front extremity 1" ; length of hinder
extremity 21".

The skull is entirely ossified ; the sutura coronalis quite obsolete ;
also the suprascapula exhibits no cartilaginous portions. Atlas
without diapophyses, but they are present and nearly of the same
strength in all the other vertebrae ; those of the sacral vertebra are
cylindrical and the strongest.

3. Ixalus leucorhinus.

Martens, in Nomencl. Rept. 3fm. Zool. Berol. 1856, p. 36.

Toes not quite half- webbed. Yellowish brown with darker bands ;
a large six-sided white spot on the forehead ; a streak from the
muzzle to the hip. Ceylon.

4. Ixalus pcecilopleurus.
Martens, I. c.

Toes not quite half- webbed. Above grepsh, darker marbled ;
beneath whitish, sides and extremities with oblique black cross-
bands. Ceylon.

5. Ixalus natator. (Plate IV. fig. C.)

Disks of fingers rather large ; toes entirely webbed ; upper parts
with very fine granidations. Ashy brown, either uniform or with
rounded bluish-white spots.

Var. A. Back uniform brown,
o. Adult male. Pliilippines,

Var. B. Greyish brown with rounded bluish-wliite spots.

h, c. Adidt male and female. Philipi)ines.

Description. — Habit slender ; head elongate, vrith narrow flat
crown, broad forehead, angidar canthus rosti-alis. and prominent

76 BEPTILES.

muzzle, rounded in front ; loreal region concave ; nostril prominent,
oval, partly on the canthus rostralis, near the end of muzzle ; eye
very large ; tpnpanimi small, circular, about one-fifth of eye. Skin
of the upper parts covered with very small granular tubercles ; thi'oat,
chest, and under side of legs smooth ; belly granidar. Fingers
slender, with broad elliptic disks and small subarticular tubercles,
quite free ; fo-iu-th longer than second, first with a thick swelUng at
the inner side. Toes moderate, with moderate disks and small sub-
articular tubercles, so broadly webbed that a part of the disks is in
contact ■ft'ith the membrane ; the fifth toe is hardly longer than the
thu'd, and reaches to the pemdtimate phalanx of the fourth ; at
the base of the fii'st toe a very small tubercle. Cleft of mouth large ;
palate between the eyes very narrow, with a groove on each side ;
inner nostiils and eustachian tubes moderate ; tongue elongate,
broader, free and deeply notched behind. In the males on each side
of the tongue near the angle of mouth, a moderate sUt for the ex-
ternal vocal sacs, situated beneath the angle of mouth. Sacral ver-
tebra not dilated. Length of body 1|-" ; length of hinder extremity
3" ; length of fi'ont extremity 1-1" ; length of fourth toe |-" ; length
of third finger |^".

6. Ixalus guttatus. (Plate IV. fig. D.)

Disks of fingers rather large, toes entirely webbed ; upper parts
thickly covered with granular tubercles ; miizzle rather elongate,
pointed ; brown above, with large dark brown spots.

a. Adult male. Borneo. From Mr. Lowe's Collection.

Description of the specimen. — Similar to the preceding species.
Habit slender ; head elongate, with rather convex crown and flat
forehead ; canthiis rostralis angular, loreal region concave ; muzzle
prominent, with a roimded upper edge, and obliquely trancated in
front ; nostril prominent, oval, partly on the canthus rostralis, near
the end of muzzle ; eye veiy large ; tjTnpanum small, circular, about
one-fifth of eye. Skin of the upper parts thickly covered with rather
prominent tubercles, rather larger on the sides ; throat, chest and
under side of legs quite smooth, beUy finelygranular. Fingers slender,
quite free, with large broad elliptical disks ; foiuth finger longer than
second; first wdth a thick swelling at the inner side. Toes moderate,
with moderate disks and small subarticular tubercles, as broadly
webbed as in the pi-eceding species ; fifth toe conspicuously longer than
thii'd, reaching a little beyond the base of the penultimate phalanx of
the fourth ; metatarsus with two veiy small tubercles. Cleft of mouth
large, longer than broad ; palate between the eyes very naiTow, with
a groove on each side ; inner nostiils and eustachian tubes moderate ;
tongaie elongate, broader, free and deeply notched behind. Brown
above, -ndth large rounded, sometimes confluent, dark brown spots ;
legs Avith darker cross -bands ; hinder sides blackish brown, with a
few lighter small spots ; web between the toes black. Length of
body 11" ; length of anterior extremity f " ; length of posterior
extremity 2i".

BATKACHIA SALIENTIA. 77

4. POLYPEDATES.

Vomerine teeth. Skin smooth, sometimes with tubercles. Disks
largo ; membrane between the fingers short, in one species not con-
spicuoas ; toes broadly webbed. Tympanum chstinct ; eustachian
tubes moderate ; tongue large, broader, free and deeply notched be-
hind. Males generally wthout vocal sac. Asia ; Madagascar.

Polypedatea, Dum. c^ Bihr. viii. p. 515.

Rurgeria, Polypodates, Boophis, Tschudi, Batr. pp. 75, 76.

Hyla, sp., Wieymann, Gray, Schleyel.

1. Polypedates microtympanum. (Plate VI. fig. A.)

Fingers very slightly webbed ; vomerine teeth in two short oblique
series between the inner nostrils. Skin of back neai'ly smooth ;
tympanum small, oval, one-third the Avidth of eye ; sldn of head not
adherent to the skull.

a. Adult female. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.
h. Adult female. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

c. Half-grown male. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

d, e. Young. Ceylon. From Mr. Cimiing's Collection.
/. Adult. Madi'as. Presented by the Zoological Society.

g-h. Half-grown and adult. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collec-
tion.

Description. — Habit rather stouter than in P. maculatus. Head
rather short, with broad flat crown, ciu'ved and angular canthus I'os-
tralis, and sliort rounded muzzle ; loreal region somewhat grooved ;
nostril round, lateral, rather prominent, just below the canthus ros-
tralis, nearer the end of muzzle than the eye. Eye moderate ; tym-
panum small, oval, one-third the Avidth of eye ; extremities and disks
moderate ; second finger much longer than fii-st, fourth much longer
than second, thii-d rather longer than fom-th ; fingei's ■with a very
shght lateral cutaneous fold, hardlj^ webbed ; subarticular tubercles
very conspiciious ; fifth toe as much longer than fourth as the disk
is broad ; toes half- webbed ; a cutaneous fold reaching to the disk ;
subarticular tubercles verj' conspicuous ; metatarsus with a slight
tubercle. Sldn of back nearly smooth, or with a few scattered small
tubercles ; skin of the side and of the under parts tubercular ; upper
eyelid with some tubercles ; a glandular curved fold from the back
edge of eye above the tympanum to the arm-pit. Cleft of mouth
moderate ; tongue oval, deeply notched behind ; inner nostrils and
eustachian tubes rather small ; on each side of the palate a deep
groove ; vomerine teeth small, in two very short oblique series be-
tween the interior nostiils, with a large interval between. Colour
above either nearly uniform bluish grey or oUve, with regular black
markings ; a cross-band between the eyes ; a broad band on each
side of the back, ^\'ith a large interspace between more divergent in
front and behind ; extremities mth black points and large cross-
bands ; a black lateral streak beneath the canthus rostraHs and along

78 REPTILES.

the glandular fold ; sides black-spotted ; beneath yellowish, throat
and chest finely dotted -with black. In the specimen from Madi'as,
the lateral dorsal bands are divided into rounded spots, and the
membrane between the fingers and toes is broader, but the tympanum
is as small as in the Ceylonese specimens. Length of body 2i" (adidt
female) ; length of hinder extremity 3i" ; length of front extre-
mity If".

2. Polypedates maculatus.

Hyla maciilata, Gray, Ind. Zool.

leucomystax, Grarenh. Delic. p. 26.

Polypedates leucomystax, Tsclwdi, Batr, p. 75 ; Dum. ^- Bihr. p. 519 ;
Kelaart, Prodr. Fuuit. Zvjjhin. p. 193.

rugosus, part., Dum. S; Bihr. p. 520.

cruciger, Blyth, in Kelaart's Prodromxis, App. p. 48.

Fingers very slightly webbed. Vomerine teeth in two more or
less oblique series, each beginning/rowi the front angle of the interior
nostrils. Skin of back smooth ; tympanmn nearly as large as eye ;
in adult specimens the skin of the hinder part of cro"mi and of the
forehead adherent to the skull, and nigose. Back with more or less
brownish spots, or with two cvu-ved narrow Hnes, forming an X-
shaped figure, and with a blackish stripe between the eyes ; never
with parallel bands.

The direction of the series of vomerine teeth is liable to great
variation. There are specimens in the British Museum Collection
exhibiting two very convergent series, which, prolonged, would form
nearly a right angle ; others exhibit the vomerine teeth arranged
nearly in a straight line ; most of our specimens are intermediate
between these foims. No other character — neither of the form the
head, nor of the extremities, nor the coloration, nor the difference
of country — corresponds with these differences in the dentition.

a, b. Adult and half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Ciuning's Collection.

c, d. Adult and half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cimiing's Collection.

e, f. Adult and half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

t/. Adult. Ceylon. From Mr. Ciuning's Collection.

h. Adult. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

i, k. Half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

I, m. Half- grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cummg's Collection.

n. Half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

0. Half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

'p. Half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

q. Half-gro'WTi. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

r, s. Yoimg. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

t. Young. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

u. Half- grown. Tenasserim. Presented by Dr. Packman.

v-y. Half-grown. Madras. Presented by J. C. Jerdon, Esq.

z, a. Adult. China.

ji. Adult. China. Presented by J. Eeevcs. Esq.

BATH.VCniA SALIENTIA. 79

y-f). Adult and half-grown. China. Presented by J. Reeves, Esq.
Q, I. HaLf-gro^\^l : discoloured. China. Presented by J. C. Bowring,

Esq.
If. Halt-grown. China. From Mr. Ciiming's Collection.
A. Half-grown. Hong Kong. Presented by J. C. Eowring, Esq.
/i, V. Adidt. China.

£. Adult. Siam. Presented by J. C. Bowring, Esq.
n. Half-grown. Philippines.
w. Adult. East Inches.
(), s. Adult : bad state. East Indies,
r. Half-grown. East Inches.
V. Half-grown. East Indies.
tp. Half-grown : not good state. East Indies.
X. Half-grown. East Indies. From Mr. Mather's Collection,
j^. Half-grown. East Indies.
u). Adidt : stuffed. East Indies. From Mr. Argent's Collection.

3. Polypedates quadrilineatus.

Hyla quadrilineata, Wicgm. Act. Ac. C(cs. Leon. Carol. 1835, p. 260.

t. 22. f. 1. ^

Polypedates rugosus, part., Dum. 8f Bibr, p. 520.

Fingers very slightly webbed. Yomcrine teeth in two oblique
series between the inner nostrils, each series beginning near the
front angle of nostiil. Skin of back smooth ; tympanum nearly as
large as eye ; in adult specimens skin of the hinder part of crown
and of the forehead adherent to the skull, and rugose. Above with
four or six dark, parallel, longitiidinal bands.

In this species the teeth are always in distinctly obhque series.
As in the preceding species the skin of the head becomes rugose in
old age, and is soft in younger individuals.

a-c. Adult and half-gTown. Philippines.

d, e. Adiilt and half-grown : not good state. Phihppines.

/. Adidt : not good state. PhiLipjiines.

g-k. Adult. Java. From the Leyden Museum.

I, m. Adult and half-grown : not good state. Singapore.

n. Adult: not good state. East Indies. From Mr. Argent's Col-
lection.

0. Adult. East Indies.

p. Half-grown : bleached. East Indies.

q, r. Half-grown. East Indies. From Mr. Bartlett's Collection.

s-u. Adult and half-groMTi : discoloured. East Indies. Presented
by the Hon. E.I. Company.

V. Advdt: skin. East Indies. From Mr. Argent's Collection.

4. Polypedates appendiculatus.

Fingers one-third webbed ; vomerine teeth in two oblique series
beginning from the inner front angle of nostiil ; cutaneous promi-

80 ' REPTILES.

nences on the'upper parts, beneath the anus and on the heel ; fore-
arm and metatarsus fringed. Tympanum round, half the width of
eye. (Intermediate form between Polypedates and RhacopJtorvs.)
Length of body If; length of hinder extremity 2i" ; length of
front extremity l^".

a. Philippine Islands.

5. Polypedates eques. (Plate VI. fig. B.)

Fingei's very slightly webbed. Vomerine teeth between the inner
nostrils in two rather oblique series. Snout pointed ; keel with a
cutaneous spur ; t_)Tnpanum elliptic, half the width of the eye ;
along the under- arm and tarsus a white cutaneous fold ; a white
band from the top of the snout to the base of the leg.

a. Half-grown male. Ceylon, From Mr. Cuming's Collection.
b-f. Adidt. Ceylon. From Mr. Cimiing's Collection.

Description. — Habit slender. Head depressed, triangular, with
broad flat crown, angular canthus rostralis, and pointed muzzle ;
loreal region grooved ; nostril round, lateral, just below the canthus,
nearer the end of snout ; eye large ; tympanum elliptic, oblique,
half as large as eye ; a narrow glandular fold from the back edge of
eye above the tympanum to the shoulder ; upper parts quite smooth,
under-side finely granular; anus siuToimded by yellowish, rather
prominent warts. Disks of fingers rather broad, of toes moderate ;
second finger shorter than fourth ; membrane between the toes
reaching to half the length of foiuih toe, and to the disk of the
four other ones ; fifth toe hardly longer than the third ; at the base
of the first a small tubercle ; subarticular tiibercles moderate.
Eustachian tubes larger than the inner nostrils ; tongue pear-shaped,
deeply notched behind ; male with the usual slits on the sides of
the tongue, and \vith two internal subgular vocal sacs beneath the
angle of mouth. Above grejash, with a darker, large triangular
spot, tapering on the shoulder, and again widening posteriorly ;
beneath the canthus rostralis an indistinct blackish-ash streak ; a
j-eUow line from the end of snout, along the margin of upper lip,
beneath the tjTupanum to the base of leg ; beneath miiform yellowish ;
hinder extremities with darker cross-bands. Length of body 1|-" ;
length of front extremity 1" ; length of hinder extremity 2-i-".

6. Polypedates biirgeri.

Hyla biirgeri, ScliJeg. Fmin. Japan, t. 3. f. 7, 8.
Biirgeria subversicolor, Tschudi, Batr. p. 75.
Polypedates biirgeri, L)um. Sj- Bihr. p. 521.

Fingers very sHghtly webbed. Vomerine teeth in a straight Hne
on a level with the front edge of the inner nostrils, interrupted in
the middle. Skin of back tubercular. Tympanum distinctly smaller
than eye ; crown not bony. .Japan.

HATRACHIA SALIKNTIA. 8]

7. Polypedates schlegelii. (Plate VI. fig. C.)

Ilylffi ai'borete ^■al•. japoiiic;o doscript. para Schlcg. in Fauna Japon.
p. 112 (indivitUis a unu tuille beaut'oup plus forte que chez nous —
tres vieux sujets — a toutes Ics parties supih-icmros d'un vei't-pr^
imiforiue, &c.), pi. 3. f. 5.

Fingers one-third webbed ; vomerine teeth in two rather oblique
series, beginning from the inner front angle of the interior nostrils ;
tongue deeply notched behind. Above uniform bluish green, sides
of belly sometimes with small brown specks, beneath uniform whitish ;
head without band or spot. (Bee Hyla viridis, var. japonlca.)
a,b. Adult and half-groA\'n. Japan. From the Leyden Museum.
c. Adult. Japan. From the Leyden Museum.

All three with the name Ilyla viridis jajjonica.

Description. — Habit intermediate between Polypedates macidatus
and Hyla viridis. Head broad, •v\'ith rather short muzzle, but not
rounded canthiis rostralis. A glandular fold from the ])ack edge of
eye above the tympanum to the shoulder. Tympanum circular, half
the width of the eye. rather indistinct. Fingers one-third Avebbed,
with moderate subartieular tubercles and rather broad disks; toes
short, the fourth one-foui-th or one-fifth longer than the fifth, the third
as much longer than the fifth as its disk is broad ; membrane broad,
reaching the base of the disks, but deeply notched ; subartieular
tubercles moderate ; metatarsus with a blunt tubercle ; tarsus not
fringed. Coloration as above mentioned. TongTie broader behind
than in front, and deeply notched ; interior nostrils moderate ;
vomerine teeth between the nostrils, in two rather obUquc series,
well separated on the middle of the palate, each beginning from
the anterior front angle of nostril. Eustachian tubes moderate.
Male with an internal vocal sac and the usual openings on the
sides of the tongue. Diapophyses of the sacral vertebra cylindrical.
Length of body 21-" ; length of hinder extremity 3-i-" ; length of
tarsus y ; length of fourth toe 1" ; length of anterior extremity 11".

8. Polypedates afghana.

Fingers quite free. Vomerine teeth in a straight line, on a level
with the hinder edge of the inner nostrils, internipted in the middle.
Skin smooth ; tympanum very small, as large as the disk of the
finger ; toes very broadly webbed to the disk.
a. Adult female. Afghanistan. Presented by Mr. Griffith.
h, c. Larva;. Afghanistan. Presented by the East India Company.

To the above-mentioned characters may be added : —
Habit as in P. macidatus ; snout angular, rather high ; nostril on
the canthus rostralis in the middle between the eye and toj) of
snout ; tympanum distant from the eye ; inner nostiils moderate ;
eustachian tubes rather larger ; disks rather large. Subartieular
tubercles very conspicuous, oblong ; metatarsus with a veiy small
blunt tubercle. Above brown, variegated with grepsh. Length of
body 3" ; length of front extremity 2^" ; length of hinder one 6".

82 RErXH/RS,

9. Poljrpedates goudotii.

Boophis goudotii, {Bihr.) Tschudi, liatr. p. 77.
Polypedates goudotii, Uum. li,- Bibr. p. 517.

Fingei's very slightly webbed. Vomerine teeth in a straight line,
on a level wdtli the hinder edge of the inner nostrils, interrupted in
the middle. Skin of back smooth ; tympanum nearly as large as
eye, immediately behind the eye ; snout depressed in front ; toes not
entirely webbed, the last two phalanges of the fonrth toe free. Ma-
dagascar.

Var. A. Above nniform brownish olive.
a, h. Adnlt.

Var. B. variolosa. Back with round white spots.

c. Adult.

d. Half- grown.

10. Polypedates junghuhnii.

Blveker, Natuurk. Tydscltr. Ncderl. Indie, xi. p. 4G9.

Fingers very slightly webbed. Vomerine teeth in two small
groups. Olive-green, marbled with darker, sides with dark green
ci'oss-bands ; upper lip with a white band, interrupted behind the
tympanum and forming two white spots. Java.

5. RHACOPHORUS.

Vomerine teeth in two distant series, on a level with the front
edge of the inner nostrils. Hkin smooth. Disks very large ; fingers
and toes entirely webbed. Tympanum distinct ; enstachian tubes
rather small ; tongue large, elongate, free and deeply notched be-
hind. Males with an internal subgular vocal sac. East Indian
Islands.

Rhacophoras, Kidd, Ms, 1827, p. 204; TschuU, Batr. p. 73; Dum. ^

Bibr. viii. p. 530.
Hyla, sp., Schlef/el, Ahhildf/. p. 32.
Hypsiboas, sp., Waf/l. Si/st. AmpJi. p. 200.

1. Rhacophorus reinwardtii.

lihacophorus reinwardtii, Boie, Mus. LiK/d. Bed. ; Tschudi, Bair. p. 73 ;

Bum. ^ Bihr. p. 532.
Hypsiboas reinwardtii, Wmjl. Amph. p. 200.
Hvla reinwardtii, Schler/. Ahhild. t. 30.

Above uniform olive (in spirits) ; membrane between the fingers
and toes with a more or less distinct, large bluish-black spot. Vo-
merine teeth in a broadly interrupted straight Hne.

a, h. Adult. Batavia.

c. Adult. Java. From the Leyden Museum.

d. Adult. East Indies. From Mr. Bartlett's Collection.

e. Adult : bad state. East Indies. From Mr, Parrey's Collection.

liATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 83

2. Rhacophorus maximus.

? Rhacophorus reinwardtii, Diim. i^ Bihr. Atlas, pi. 89. f. 1, la.

Above uniform dark \-iolet, IxMioath uniform hro^vnish ; web with-
out spots ; vomerine teeth in two slightly curved series, with a large
interspace between.

a-c. Adult. Nepal. Presented l)y B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
d. Adult. Afghanistan.

This s])ecics agrees entirely in habit with Rhacopliorus reinwardtii,
but is distinguished by size and coloration. Crown of head quite
Hat and very bi'oad ; tympanum half the size of eye ; the base of the
inner finger appears to be very broad and flat ; after removing the
skin, this ])roves to be the single flat phalanx of the thumb, as is
also observed in Rh. reimvardtii ; the membranaceous folds of the
edges of the extremities are rather less develojjcd than in that
species. Edge of lower jaw reddish white, this colour being con-
tinued to a short lateral streak below the t}Tnpanum. Length of
body 3|" ; length of hinder extremity 6" ; length of anterior ex-
tremity 2f.

3. Rhacophorus pardalis. (Plate VI. fig. D.)
? Rhacophorus reinwardtii, Vor/. de la Bonite, Rept. pi. 10. f. 1.

Above brownish olive with brown markings ; legs with brown
cross-bands ; webs without black blotch. Vomerine teeth in two
rather obhque and slightly curved series.

a, b. Adult and half-grown. Philippines.

c. Half-gro\\ai : not good state. Philippines.

d. Half-groMTi. Borneo.

e. Adult : not good state. Borneo. From Mr. Wallace's Col-

lection.
/. Adult: vciy bad state. East Indies. From Mr. Frank's Col-
lection.

This species, having a rather concave forehead and loreal region,
exhibits some similarity of physiognomy with Hjila pardalis. The
cutaneous appendages and folds of the extremities arc as developed
as in Rh. reinwardtii. There is a bro-mi streak across the crown
between the eyes ; between the shoulders a large oblong brown spot,
with the four angles produced into points ; a third square blotch oc-
cupies the back behind the sacral vertebra ; some small irregular
brown spots and points are scattered over all the upper parts. In
one individual the sides are white, spotted with dark brown. i\.ll tliese
markings are inconspicuous in one of the specimens from Borneo ;
the belly appears to have been reticulated with brown, but the cross-
bands on the legs are veiy conspicuous. I consider it to be a variety.
Length of body 21" ; length of hinder extremity 4" ; length of an-
terior extremity 1|".

G 2

84 KKI'TILKS.

(J. CORNUFER.

Forehead flat ; crown deeply concave. Vomerine teeth in two
series. Disks moderate ; fingoi-s quite free ; toes only webbed at the
base. Tympanum distinct ; eustachian tubes moderate ; skin of back
smooth ; tongue large, cii'ciilar, free and slightly notched behind.

Comufer, Tschudi, JBatr. p. 71 ; I>iim. ^ Bibr. viii. p. 61G.

1. Cornufer unicolor.

Tsrinnh, I. c. ; Diim. >S'- Bibr. viii. p. 017.
Above each eye a conical tubercle ; iiniform brown. New Guinea.

2. Cornufer dorsalis.

A. Dumeril, Mem. sur les Hyhcf. p. 174 ; Bum. 8,- Bibr. ix. p. 408.

Head much elongate ; a white streak along the back and the upper
side of the hinder extremity. Java.

7. ELOSIA.

Head quite flat above with peii^endiciilar sides, angular canthus
rostralis, and obliquely tnincated rounded muzzle. Vomerine teeth
in two oblique series. Disks rather small, di\aded into two small
disks above ; fingers quite free ; toes only webbed at the base.
Tympanum distinct ; eustachian tubes small ; skin smooth. Tongue
large, oval, entire, on all sides adherent. Male with an external vocal
sac on each side beneath the angle of mouth. Brazil.

Elosia, Tschudi, Batr. p. 77; Ihim. S,- Bibr. viii. p. 0.32.
Hyla. sp., Lichtenstein.

1 . Elosia nasus.

Hvla nasus, Lichtenstein, Verz. dcr Doubletten, Ainph. p. 100.
Elosia nasuta, Tschudi, Batr. p. 77 ; Dum. iS'- Bibr. p. 033.

Brownish, marbled with brown.

a. Adult. South America. From M. Parzudaki's Collection.

8. CHIROMANTIS.

Vomerine teeth. Disks moderate ; two outer fingers half-webbed
and opposite to the two inner ones, which are pro\-ided Anth a mem-
brane only at the base ; toes entirely webbed. Tympanum distinct ;
eustachian tubes rather larger than the inner nostrils ; tongue cordi-
form, free and notched behind. Male not with an external vocal sac.
Tette and Sena.

Chiromantis, Peters, in IVieciin. Archir, 1855, p. 50.

n.VTEACHIA SALIENTIA. 85

1. Chiromantis xerampelina.

Peters, I. c.
Sides with reddish -brown spots and bands.

9. HYPEROLIUS.

No vomerine teeth. Skin of back smooth or finely gramdar,
sometimes with glandidar folds. Disks moderate ; fingers more or
less slightly webbed ; toes broadly webbed. T}Tnpaniim distinct or
hidden ; eustachian tubes moderate or small ; tongue generally
heart-shaped, wath a nick behind. Upper amis and thighs generally
without any colour. Males wdth an internal subgular vocal sac. Africa.

Hyperolius, Rapp, in Erichsmis Archiv, 1842, p. 289 ; Smith, Ilhistr.

of the Zuol. of S. Afr. R(pt. App. p. 20; Paters, in Wieym. Archie,

1855, p. 56.
Euciiemis, Tschudi, Batr. p. 70 ; Diim. Sj- Bibr. viii. p. 525.

1. Hyperolius viridiflavus.

Eucnemis \'iridiflavus, Dum. ^- Bibr. p. 528.

Tymi^anum hidden ; tongue heart-shaped ; head short, muzzle
obtuse. Above green, minutely dotted with yeUow ; beneath yel-
lowish.

«. Adult: not good state. Abyssinia.

h. Adidt : not good state. Senegal. Presented by T. \\Tiitefield, Esq.

2. Hyperolius marmoratus.

Rapp, in Erichs. Archiv, 1842, p. 289. t. 0 ; Smith, El. of S. Afr.

App. p. 26.
? Biunconi, Spec. Zool. 3Ioss. Rept. t. 5. f. 3 a (-without name).

Tongue heart-shaped; tympanum hidden; head short, muzzle blunt.

Var. A. Above brown, with irregular yellowish spots {R(q>2J, L c.
fig. 1).

a-c. Adult. South Africa.

d-ff. Adult. Cape of Good Hope. Presented by the Rev. H. H.
Methun.

Var. B. Above brown, -with reticulated yellow lines {Rap^, I. c.
fig. 2).
h. Adult. West Africa. From Mr. Eraser's Collection.

3. Hjrperolius horstockii.

Ilyla horstockii, Schleyel, Abbikl. p. 24.
Eucnemis horstokii, Tschudi, Batr. p. 76.
horstookii, Dum. &,- Bibr. p. 529.

Tympanum hidden : tongue heart-shaped ; head rather elongate.

86 REPTILES.

Skin of back quite smootli. Above greyish ; a light brown, above
■white-edged band from the snout through the eye.

a. Adult : not good state. South Africa. Presented by Sir J.

Richardson.

b. Adult : bad state. South Africa. Presented by Sir J. llichardson.

c. Adult : not good state. Africa.

? d. Half-grown : bad state. Siae patria. From Mr. Frank's Col-
lection as Eucnemis dorsalis.

4. Hyperolius parallelus. (Plate VIII. fig. A.)

Tympanum hidden ; tongue heart-shaped, deeply notched behind ;
head short, muzzle blunt. Above blackish brown, with three white
parallel bands ; upper lip yellomsh.

a. Adult. South Africa.

6, c. Adult and half-grown : not good state. Angola. From Mr.
Rich's Collection.

Description. — In habit similar to H. mannoratus ; extremities
rather short ; fingci's slightly webbed, rather short ; first shortest by
far, third rather longer than fourth ; toes short, foiu'-fifths webbed,
with very small subarticular tubercles, fourth rather longer than
fifth ; metatarsus with a very small tubercle. Skin of back and
tlrroat smooth, of beUy granular. Above blackish brown with thi'ee
white parallel bands — one dorsal from the muzzle to the anus, and
another on each side from the upper eyelid to the loin ; belly and
u])])er lip yellowish ; upper ami and thigh not coloured ; remainder
of the extremities greyish, black-dotted. Inner nares and eustachian
tubes small ; tympanum hidden ; tongue short, broad, deeply notched
behind. Size of //. marmoi-atus.

5. Hyperolius guttulatus. (Plate YII. fig. A.)

Tympanum hidden ; fingers half- webbed ; back smooth ; head
moderate, broad, muzzle rounded. Ujiper parts bro^v^l, finely wliite-
dotted ; thighs not coloui'cd.

«. Adult. Africa. From Mr. Parrey's Collection.
b, c- A.dult. Africa. From Mr. Frank's Collection.

Description. — Head broad, depressed, with flat crown and forehead,
and moderate, rounded muzzle ; canthus rostrahs rather obsolete ;
eye moderate ; tympanum hidden ; extremities moderate, with
moderate disks and rather small subarticular tubercles ; fingers half-
weblicd ; toes welibed to the penultimate phalanx, the third and fifth
equal in length, the fourth rather longer ; a veiy small tubercle at the
base of the first toe. Skin quite smooth, belly granulated. Tongue
cordiform, nicked behind ; interior nostrils rather small. Upper
parts bro'WTi, speckled wnth very small, round, dull yellowish points ;

BATKACniA SALIENTIA. 87

under parts whitish ; lorcal region brown with indistinct points ;
base of arm and thigh not coloured. Length of body 1^" ; length of
front extremity i" ; length of hinder extremity 2".

H. Hyperolius fomasinii.

Eiichnemis fomasinii, J. J. Bianconi, Spec. Zoul. 3Iossamb. Rcpt. t. 5.

f. 1.
Hyperohus bivittatus, Peters, Wiegm. Archiv, 1866, p. 66.

Tynipaniun bidden ; tongue heart-shaped ; fingers half-wcbbed.
Above reddish bro^vn, finely dotted with white ; on each side of back
a white band pimctulated with black, both confluent on the muzzle ;
thigh with another white band minutely dotted with black. Boror ;
Mozambique.

7. Hyperolius tseniatus.
Peters, I. c. p. 57.

Tympanum hidden ; tongue oval, broader and deeply notched be-
hind ; fingers half- webbed. Above brownish grej^, \v\i\i foiu- blackish-
browTi bands, confluent on the muzzle. Boror ; Mozambique.

8. Hyperolius argus.
Peters, I. c.

Tympanum indistinct ; fingera half- webbed. Bro's^Ti, with round,
lighter, black-edged spots ; a yellow black-edged streak fi-om the
upper eyelid to the top of the snout. Boror ; Mozambique.

9. Hjrperolius flavoviridis.
Peters, I. c.

Tympanum distinct ; tongue rhombic ; head short, muzzle blunt ;
fingers half- webbed ; a yeUow black-edged streak from the upper
eyelid to the nose ; above greenish, beneath yellowdsh. Boror ;
Mozambique.

10. Hyperolius tettensis.

Peters, I. c.

Tympanum distinct ; above greon with black dots, beneath yel-
lowish. Tette ; Mozambique.

11. Hyperolius marginatus.

Peters, I. c.

Tympanum hidden ; fingers half- webbed ; head short, muzzle
blimt. Above brownish grey ; sides, arms, and lower legs with
small black spots ; thighs not coloiuxd. Back smooth. Macanga ;
Mozambiquo.

12. Hyperolius modestus.

Eucneniis modestus, (Schleff.) NotneuchU. Rept. Mas. Bcrol. 1856, p. 3(3
(without description).

fl. Adult : bad state. Gold Coast. From Mr. Fancy's Collection as
Eucnemis modestus.

13. Hyperolius madagascariensis.

Eucnemis madagascariensis, Dum. ^- Bibr. p. 528.

Tympanum hidden ; tongue rather rhombic, slightly nicked be-
hind ; head short, muzzle obtuse ; above brown, extremities dotted
with black ; a black streak from the nostril to the eye ; beneath
whitish. Madagascar.

14. Hyperolius ocellatus. (Plate VII. fig. B.)

TjTupanum hidden ; toes broadly, fingers two-thirds webbed ;
crown flat ; snout moderate, not short, muzzle roTinded ; tongue
cordiform. All upper parts light reddish grey, with small rounded,
black, white-edged spots ; sides dark brown M'ith white spots ; under
parts uniform whitish, edge of lower jaw marbled. Upper arm
coloured ; thigh not coloured, except a narrow brown streak on the
upper side. Quite smooth ; belly granular.

a. Adult. Fernando Po. From Mr. Eraser's Collection.
h. Half-grown : not good state. Angola. From Mr. Rich's Col-
lection.

15. Hyperolius plicatus, (Plate VII. fig. C.)

Tympanum hidden ; tongue cuneiform, broader and deeply notched
behind ; head rather elongate ; back ^\'ith two curved glandular folds.

a. Adult. Coast of Guinea. From Mr. Frank's Collection as Rana
oxyrliijncha .

Description of the specimen. — Snout moderately elongate, rather
pointed in front ; crown quite flat, canthus rostrahs angular, loreal
region rather high. Extremities moderate : disks moderate ; fingers
quite free ; fii'st and second fingers nearly cqiial in length, but shorter
than fourth ; third longest by far ; toes two-thirds webbed, with well-
developed subarticular tubercles ; fourth rather slender, longest by far ;
tliird a little longer than fifth ; metatarsus with one small tubercle.
Back with a few scattered small tubercles, and mth a glandular fold
on each side, reaching from the back edge of eye to the sacral re-
gion, both convergent on the back, behind the shoulders ; belly quite
smooth ; throat finely granular. Inner nostrils and eustachian tubes
small ; tympamim hidden ; tongue elongate, cuneifoiTn, broader and
deeply notched behind. Above brownish grey variegated with brown ;
between the eyes a brown spot, and a lighter cross-band in front ; an
obHque dark brown band from the back edge of the eye to the base of
the arm ; throat grepsh, belly white, both mth some small brown

BATUACHIA SALIENXIA. 89

spots ; arms and legs with cross-bands ; hinder side of under arm, of
thigh, and of metatarsus, brown ; above the bro^v^l streak of the tliigh
another whitish one. Length of body li" ; length of front extre-
mity i" ; length of hinder extremity 2,^".

l(j. Hyper olius seychellensis.

Eucnemis seychellensis, TschucU, Batr. p. 7G; Bum. Sf Bihr. p. 527.

Tympanum small, distinct ; tongue rather rhombic, nicked be-
hind ; fingers nearly half- webbed ; above brown or grejo-sh, marbled
with browni. Seychelles.

17. Hyperolius? bicolor.

Eucnemis bicolor, Graij, Zuol. Misc. p. 5.

" Blue in spirits ; under side of body and limbs bluish white ; the
lips, chin, and a streak from under the eye, beneath the tympanum
and along the side of the body to the groin, pure white. Back smooth.
Belly and thighs granular ; the fore toes scarcely web])ed, the hinder
ones M'cbbed to the end ; the toe-disks small. Tympanum distinct."
Gray, MSS.

a. Bad state. Port Essington. From ]Mi'. Gilbert's Collection.
This species is veiy probably the tji)e of a separate genus ; but
the conchtion of the single specimen does not enable me to give
the characters with certainty.

10. LEPTOPELIS*.

Vomerine teeth. Skin of back smooth. Disks rather large ; fin-
gers shghtly webbed, toes broadly webbed. Tympanum distinct;
eustachian tubes moderate ; tongue heart-shaped, sHghtly nicked
behind. Male ■ndth an external subgiilar sac. Africa.

Hyla, sp., Hallowell, A. Dumeril.

The species, for which I establish the above genus, was considered
to be a species of Hyla, having the same external characters. But as
this genus is represented in the Ethiopian region by Hyperolius, I
was induced to make a closer examination, by which the difference
in the stnicture of the cLiapoi)hysis of the sacral vertebra was ascer-
tained. From Polypedates it diflers in the shape of the tongue.

1. LeptopeHs aubryi.

Hyla punctata t, IluIhnccU, Froc. Ac. Nat. Hist. PJiilad. vii. p. 193.
Ilyla aubni, A. Viim. in Ittrue et Mag. Zool. 1850, p. 561.

Vomerine teeth between the nostrils. Bro'ft'nish, with a darker
triangular spot between the eyes ; back with some irregidar brown
spots and a few veiy small yellow ones.

* Xetttos slonder, narrow ; TrtXis pelvis.

t A name preoccupied more than fifty years ago.

90 EEPTILES.

a. iVdiilt. Ashantee.

h. Adult. Gaboon. From M. Parziidaki's Collection.
c. Adult. Africa. From Mr. Franli'a Collection as Eucnemis bu-
cej)halus.

Fam. 2. HYLODID^.

Hylina with free toes, cylindiical processes of sacral vertebra, and
without paratoids.

Synopsis of the Genera.

1. Crossodactylus. No vomerine teeth; tongue entirely adherent.

Brazil.

2. Phyllobates. No vomerine teeth ; tongue fi-ee behind. West

Indies ; Central America.

3. Hylodes. Vomerine teeth ; tongue entire or slightly nicked be-

hind. Ameiica.

4. Platymantis. Vomerine teeth ; tongue deeply notched. Feejee

and Philippine Islands.

1. CROSSODACTYLUS.

No vomerine teeth ; fingers thin, rather depressed, quite free ; disk
convex beneath, flat and smooth above ; toes free, fringed on both
sides ; outer edge of tarsus fringed with a fi'ee membrane. Tympa-
num distinct ; skin smooth, with a few scattered small flat warts on
the sides. Tongue oval, entirely adherent. Brazil.
Crossodactylus, Dum. Sr Bihr. viii. p. 635.

1. Crossodactylus gaudichaudii.

Dum. itf Bihr. p. 6.35.
Olive ; the upper part of the legs black-banded. Brazil.

2. PHYLLOBATES.

No vomerine teeth ; fingers and toes rather depressed, quite free,
not fringed, the dilated end above with a central longitudinal groove ;
tjTupanum distinct ; eustachian tubes small ; skin quite smooth ;
tongue large, free and entii'e, or slightly notched behind. West
Indies ; Central America.

Phyllobates, Bibron, in Ramon de la Saffra's Hist, de File de Cuba,
itcpt. pi. 29 b ; Dum. S; Bibr. viii. p. 637 ; Girard, in U. S. Naval
Astro)iom. Expcdit. p. 208.

1. Phyllobates bicolor.

Bibron, I. c. ; Dum. ^- Bibr. p. 638.
Tongue slightly notched behind ; first cuneiform bone indistinctly
prominent ; above fidvous, beneath dark brown. Cuba.

HATIUCHIA SALIENTIA. 91

2. Phyllobates melanorrhinus.

Berthold, Neue Reptil. von Neu Granudu, Dissert., Gottingen, 1840,

p» 14. t. 1. 1, y.

Tongue entire behind ; metatarsus without any prominence ; above
fulvous, beneath blackish ; nose black. New Granada.

3. HYLODES.

Vomerine teeth. Skin smooth, or covered with small flat warts •
no large gland. Disks smaU ; fingers and toes tree. Tj-mpaniim
distinct; eustachian tubes small; tongue large, oval entire or
shghtly notched behind. Males with an internal subgular vocal sac
America.

Cystignathus, sp., Holbr. N. Amer. Herpet. iv. p. 107

Hylodes, Fitz. Syst. Rc-pt. p. 31 ; Tschudi, Batr. p. 77 ; Bum.&Bihr

vm. p. 019. ^

Aci-is, sp., Bum. Hf Bibr. viii. p. 509.
liana, sp., Bufo, sp., aiict. prior.

1. Hylodes lineatus.

Rana Uneata, Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 138; Gravenh. Delic. p. 44.
t. o. I. 2.

fusca, Schneid. I. c. p. 130.

castanea, Sliaw, Zool. iii. p. 128.

Bufo lineatus. Baud. Rain. p. 105, and Rept. viii. p. 188.

albonotatus, Daud. RejH. viii. p. 185.

Rana sclineideri, 3Ierr. Tent. p. 177.
Hylodes lineatus. Bum. 4' Bibr. p. 025.

Toes cylindi-ical at the tip, with prominent tubercles beneath •
muzzle tnmcatcd in front ; tongue rounded at each end, oval, broader
and entire behind ; vomerine teeth in two hardly interrupted, shghtly
arched senes between and behind the inner nostrils. Above Wuish
black, with a white Hue on each side; extremities marbled with
darker, and thighs with some large rose-coloured spots.

a-d. Adiilt and half-grown. St. Domingo. From M. Salle's Col-
lection.

e. Half-grown. St. Domingo.

/. Adult. Andes of Ecuador. From Mr. Eraser's Collection.

g-n. Adult and half-growTi. Andes of Ecuador. From Mr. Eraser's
Collection.

The specimens from the West Indies differ from those of the conti-
nent, and they will probably prove to be different species. The
beUy m the former is uniformly hght-colom-ed, in the latter reddish
broAvn with minute white specks. The vomerine teeth of the former
are arranged in two long, very concave scries, extending behind the
intcnor nostrils, neariy to the side of the mouth. The vomeiine
teeth of the specimens from Ecuador are jilaced in two short, hardly
convex series, not reaching to the posterior side of the nostiil.

92 REPTILES.

2. Hylodes inartinicensis.

Eleutherodactylus martinicensis, Bibr. 31SS.

Ilylodes martinicensis, Tschudi, Batr. p. 77 ; Duni. ii; Bibr. p. 020.

Habit as in Hi/la arbor ea. Back smooth ; disks distinct ; muzzle
rather short, rounded in front ; tongue large, rounded, slightly nicked
behind ; vomerine teeth in two weU-separated, rather oblique series
between the inner nostrils ; a black streak along the canthus rostralis
above the tympanum ; lorcal region olive ; tympanum one-third or
one-fourih of the eye.

a. Many specimens. St. Vincent's.

b. Adidt. St. Domingo.

c. Half-g•ro^vn. Barbadocs. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

3. Hylodes ricordii.

Dirm. iS|- Bibr. Erpttol. yener. p. 623.

Back covered with small warts ; tongue large, oblong, rounded at
each end, broader and entire behind. Vomerine teeth in a zigzag
row. Disks distinct. Cuba (Dum. ^- Bibr.).

a. Adult. St. Domingo.

b, c. Adult. St. Domingo. From M. Salle's Collection.

4. Hylodes oxyrhynchus.

Dum. (§• Bibr. Er2]etol. ijener. p. 022.

Back smooth ; muzzle pointed ; tongue large, ■with an obtuse,
slightly nicked angle behind. Vomeiine teeth in a zigzag row ; disks
distinct. {Dum. 4' Bibr.)

Hab. ?

5. Hylodes laticeps.
A. Dmncril, Catal. p. 178 ; Dam. H,- Bibr. ix. p. 408. pi. 99.

Head very large ; muzzle obtuse, rounded ; tympanum higher than
long- ; sides grooved. Yucatan (Central America). {Dum.)

6. Hylodes conspicillatus.

Habit as in a half-gro'wni Rana esculenta. Muzzle rather elongate
and pointed. Vomerine teeth in two very oblique series, each be-
ginning from the inner edge of the nostrils and reaching behind
them ; tongue with a very small nick behind ; tympanum half the
size of eye. Disks very conspicuous. Above brown, loreal region
deep brown ; a blackish streak between the eyes, another oblique one
from the eye above the tympanum, and a third beneath the eye ; back
marbled with darker ; extremities Avith a few blackish cross-bands ;
hinder side of the legs black, marbled A\-ith wliite ; lower parts
greyish white, marbled with brownish black.

HATRACniA SALIKNTFA. 93

n. Adult female: not good state. Andes of Ecuador. From Mr.
Eraser's Collection.

Length of the body 1 £" ; length of anterior extremity U" • len"-th
of posterior extremity 3" ; length of fourth toe f ". The eggs are
voiy large, half the size of a pea, and there are only sixteen in one-
half of the ovarium.

7. Hylodes luteolus.

Litoria luteola, Gosse, A Natwaliisi's Sojourn in Jamaica, p. Hm. pi. 7.
Disks of all the feet vcrj^ small ; fourth toe extremely long ; head
somewhat pointed; vomerine teeth arranged in two cuiwed' lines
whose convexity is forward, scarcely interrupted at their meetin'^
angle ; posterior half of tongiie round and free. Coloui- pale Iniff
studded Mith minute dark specks, irregularly scattered, accumulated
m the fonn of bands across the legs and thighs. A band of deep
bro^\^l passes from the muzzle through the eye, and is lost about
the middle of the side.

a. Adult: not good state. Jamaica. Presented by Mr. Gosse.

/'. Adult : very bad state. Jamaica.

c. Adult. Jamaica. Presented by Captain Parrj-.

(L Adult : not good state. Jamaica.

8. Hylodes leptopus.

Batrachvla leptopus, BfU, Zool. of the Beac/le, Rept. p. 4.3. pi. 18. f. 5.
Tongue free behind ; vomerine teeth in two oblique groups between
the interior nostrils; tympanum distinct, small, roimd; toes de-
pressed, rather dilated, tnincated and nicked at the tip; lino-ers
slightly webbed at the base ; toes very slightly webbed (?) • hinder
edge of the thigh M-ith scattered glands. — Bell,
fi. Very bad state. Ya.ldi\aa. Presented by Charies Dar'n-in, Esq.
Neither the description of Professor Bell, nor what I myself
could see in the badly preserved specimen, can justify the sepa-
ration of this species as a different genus.

4. PLATYMANTIS*.

Vomerine teeth. Skin smooth, or ^vith narrow folds ; no large
gland. Disks rather small ; fingers and toes free. Tj-mpanum di-
stinct ; eustachian tubes moderate ; tongue large, free and deeply
notched behind. Male without vocal sac. Feejee and Philijipine
Islands.

Hylodes, sp., A. Dvmerih

1. Platymantis vltianus.
IIylode.s_ vitianus, {Bibr.) A. Dum. Aim. Sr. Kat. 3 s^rie, Zool. xix.
P,- J^"' Jc^W- 4'' Ouich. Rept. in Vol/, au Pole Sad par Diimont-
(fUrvil/e, p. 2G. pi. 1. f. 4, 4 A.

Vomerine teeth in two oblique series behind the inner nostiils.
* irXarvs flat, and ftavrif Tree-frog.

94 REPTILES.

Skin quite smooth (olive in spirits), generally a whitish rounded
spot on each shoulder (spcelded with pnrphsh red in life).

a-c. Adult and young. Feejee Islands. Presented by the Lords of
the Admiralty.

d. Adult female : skeleton. Feejee Islands. Presented by the

Lords of the Admii-alty.

e. Adult. Feejee Islands. From the Museum of Economic Geology.
/. Adult. Sine patria. Voyage of the Herald.

g, h. Adult. Sine patria. Voyage of the Herald.
i. Adult. Sine patria. Voyage of the Herald.
h-m. Adult and half-grown. Sine patria. Voyage of the Herald.
n. Half-grown. Sine patria. Voyage of the Herald.
0. Half-gi'own. Sine patria. Voyage of the Herald. Disks very
large : perhaps diiferent.

Descnption. — In habit like Polypeclates macidatus. Head mode-
rate, with flat forehead, high muzzle, and rather angidar canthus ros-
tralis ; nostril elliptical, just below the canthus rostralis near the end
of snout. Eye large, prominent ; tympanum circular, nearly half the
width of eye ; extremities moderate, with rather small disks and
well-developed subai-ticidar tubercles. Fingers and toes quite free ;
third finger longest, fu-st and foiurth equal, second shortest ; carpus
■R^ith three blunt tubercles. Toes fringed with a hardly conspicuous
cutaneous fold ; fourth toe longest by far, third longer than fifth ;
first with a smaU blunt tubercle at the base. Skin smooth, hinder
side of thighs rather granular ; a small fold above the tympanum.
Cleft of mouth broad; tongue large, tapering in front, free and
deeply forked beliind ; palate veiy narrow ; inner nostrils and eusta-
chian tubes moderate. Vomerine teeth in two rather short, widely
interrupted obUque series, each beginning near the hinder interior
angle of the nostril, and convergent towards behind. In the single
male individual in our Collection, neither a vocal sac nor a slit on
the side of the tongue is to be found. Above (in spirits) more or
less uniform blackish ash, lighter (in two specimens purplish red)
dotted and marbled ; generally on each shoulder a white spot ; be-
neath dull yellowish, throat marbled with brown. Length of body
3i" ; length of front extremity 21" ; length of hinder extremity 5^".

"The slceJeton is disting-uishcd by the fimmess of its stracture, joined
■nath a proportional slendemess of all the parts. Several portions of
the skull arc not ossified : there is one fonticidus between the parietal
and frontal bones, whilst at the same place in Cystignathus, an ossi-
fied part of the capsula cerebri interior forms a large os intercalare,
separating widely the parietal bones from the frontals, and the latter
from one another. The sides of the cranium exhibit a large ossified
plate in the anterior half, but arc fibre- cartilaginous in the posterior.
The determination of the single bones between the petrosal and max-
illary joint is rather chfficult, the os tympanicum being separated into a
superior and inferior part : the superior part emits the processus
mastoideus, curved, but not reaching the upper maxillary bone, and
another process directed towards the joint, and united by sutures with

JiATUACIIIA SAUKNTIA. 95

the inferior part of the tympanic and with the malar ; this process
approaches the joint, witliout ])eing in connexion mth it ; the os
jotery'8'oul(nim appears to be entirely separated from the tjTnpanic if
looked at from above, but both are united beneath without any
\asiblc suture. Thus also the malar is partly united with the t\-m-
pamc bone. The parietals are relatively very narrow, not quite half
us broad as the frontals, leaving a great space for the united temporal
and orbital grooves ; they have an irregularlv serrated and truncated
tront edge, and a pair of spinous prominences l)ehind for tlie insertion
of muscles of the neck. The frontals are the largest bones of the
whole skuU, subtriangidar, with a flat smooth surface ; the two upper
ridges of the occipital bones are veiy prominent, obhquely situated •
petrosal conspicuoasly separated by sutures. The palatine bones are
elongate, as generally, but without a shaq) ridge. The diaiioiihyses
ot the seven midtUe vertebiw do not differ very much from one
another, either m length or in direction ; those of the third and
eighth are nearly horizontal ; those of the ninth vertebra are veiy
thicjk, trihedral, with rounded ridges ; the coccygeal style is pro\-ided
with a rather lugh ridge, and equal in length to the vertebral column,
termed by the eight posterior vertebrae. The claA-icula styliform
much weaker than the ossa coracoidea, which, much dilated at the
inner end, form a long suture and give much firmness to the thorax •
the processus xiphoideiis, much dilated in front, less behind, is formed
by a single bone, and has a broad half-ossified cartilage beliind ■ the
mamibnumsterni styHform, and bifid beliind for the articulation "^^-ith
the clavicles ; sui)ra-scapula broad, half-ossified ; humerus not much
longer than fore-arm, with a moderate ridge near its head ; the Hiac
bones are rather broad, channel-shaped, mth the concaWty bent in-
wards, both nearly paraUel to one another ; femur cyHncbical with-
out ndge, rather shorter than the cms ; the first cuneifonn bone
very small.

The I ntesHnes exhibit no pecuUarity, except the hver, both halves
of wlucli are neariy entirely separated from one another : an ex-
ceedingly narrow band of the parenchyma passes behind the heart
uniting both halves. The gaU-bladder is smaU, not immediately
attached to the parenchyma, but suspended by a fold of the perito-

neum

2. Platymantis plicifera. (Plate YIII. fig. B.)

Vomerine teeth in two oblique groups behind the level of the
hinder edge of the nostrils. 8kin of back with narrow folds. Sides
of head blackish.

a, h. Adult and half-grown. Philippines.

c, (I. Adult and half-grown. Phihppincs. From Mr. Cumino-'s
Collection. °

Description.— In habit similar to the preceding species; eye
moderate: tj-mpanum more than half the width of eye. Disks
small ; subarticular tubercles vciy prominent ; fingers quite free •

96 EEPTILES.

first and third lonp;cst. nccarly equal in length ; the second rather
longer than the fourth. Toes qnite free, M-ith a very slight fold at
the edges ; fourth longest by fiir ; third rather longer than fifth ;
metatarsus -with Uyo small blunt tiibercles. Sldn granulated, with
symmetrical longitudinal folds on the back ; a prominent glandular
fold from the back edge of eye above the tpnpanum to the ann-pit ;
tongue elongate, heart-shaped, free and deeply notched behind ;
interior nostiils and eustachian tubes rather small ; vomerine teeth
in two rather elongate and oblique groups, somewhat behind the
level of the hinder edge of the nostrils. Above bro\\Tiish or olive ;
back ii-regailarly variegated with darker ; between the eyes a blacldsh
spot, in front of which a lighter one ; sides of head Ix-neath the
canthus rostralis and the glandiilar fold blackish ; extremities Tvdth
darker cross-bands ; hinder side of the thighs dark brown ; under
parts dull yellowish ; throat speckled with brown. Length of body
1|-" ; length of front extremity ]i" ; length of hinder extremity 3".

Fam. 3. HYLID^.

Htlina with webbed toes, dilated processes of sacral vertebra,
and without paratoids.

Si/nojysis of the Genera.

1. Litoria. First finger opposite to the thi-ee others. Australia.

2. Pseudacris. Toes slightly webbed at the base; web wanting

between the two inner toes.

3. Hyla. Head covered with soft skin ; no finger opposite to the

three others ; toes all webbed ; no pouch on the back of the
female. Cosmopolitan.

4. Nototrema. Head covered with soft skin ; female with a pouch

on the back. Central America.

5. Notodelphys. Head above bony ; female with a pouch on the

back. Peru ; Mexico.

(). Trachycephalus. Head above bony; no pouch on the back of
the female. West Indies ; South America.

1. LITORIA.

Vomerine teeth ; skin of back smooth, or with plaits ; disks very
small ; fingers very sHghtly webbed, the fu'st opposite to the three
others ; toes half-webbed ; tympanum distinct ; eustachian tubes
small ; tongue broad, elliptic, entii'e or slightly notched behind ;
males with a subgular vocal sac. Australia.

Litoria*, Tschudi, Bair. p. 77; Bim^. i^'- Bihr. viii. p. 503.
Pelodytes, sp., Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 56.

* Litoria glandulosa, Bell, Zoul. of the Beagle, p. 42. pi. 18. f. 4, was founded
upon a specimen, now in the Collection of tlie British Museum, fi-om Concepcion

hatrachia salientia. 97

1. Litoria freycineti.

Litoria frevcineti, (£ibr. MSS.) Tschudi, Batr. p. 77; T))nn. S< Bihr.

p. 504. pi. 88. f. 2.
Piilodytes affinis, Grmj, Zool. Misc. p. 56.

Snout moderate ; hack nearly smooth ; nostiil in the middle be-
tween the eye and the top of snout.

a. Port Essington. From Mr. Gilbert's Collection.
2. Litoria nasuta.

Pelodytes nasutus, Gray, Zool. Mkc. p. 5(5.
Snout pointed ; back \vith short longitudinal plaits ; nostiil nearer
the top of snout than the eye.

a. Adult female. Port Essington. From Mr. Gilbert's Collection.
h. Adult male. Port Essington. Presented by the Earl of Derby.
c. Half-gro^vn. Australia. Presented by Sir J. Richardson.

2. PSEUDACRIS.

Vomeiine teeth. Skin of back smooth. Disks very small ; fingers
quite free, none opposite to the others ; toes webbed at the base, no
web between the two inner ones. Tympanum distinct ; eustachian
tubes moderate ; tongue oval, slightly nicked behind. Male ^vith
internal vocal sac. Noi-th America.

ChlorophiluP, Baird, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1854, p. 60.

Pseudacris, Fitz. St/st. Rcpt. p. 31.

Cystignathus, sp., Holhr. N. Amer. Ilcrpctol. iv. p. 107.

Acris, sp., Dum. <*(• Bibr. viii. p. 509.

Rana, sp., aucf. prior.

1. Pseudacris nigrita.

Rana nigi-ita, Lcconte, Ann. Li/c. Kat. Hist. New York, i. p. 282 ; Harlan,

Med. Phi/s. Res. p. 105, and Joiirn. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. v. p. 341.
Acris nigrita, Dum. 4' Bibr. p. 509.

Cvstignathus nigi-itiis, Holhr. N. Amer. Herpet. iv. p. 107. pi. 20.
Baird, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1054, p. 60.

Skin of back smooth ; vomerine teeth in two rather oblique series
on the level of the hinder edge of the inner nostrils. Snout rather
prominent beyond the lower jaw. Blackish ash, with three or five
darker, sometimes internipted longitudinal bands ; a black streak
passing through the eye above the tympanum ; upper hp with a
whitish streak.

a. Adult. Georgia. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

b. Adult. Great Bear Lake. Presented by Sir J. Richardson.

(Cliili), presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. The specimen apparently was in a
state of dee^y before it waj> put in spirits ; it belongs to a species of f 'ystignathus,
in too bad a condition to be determined, and the glands on the hinder side of the
thighs are merely the cysts of a parasitic animal.

H

98

3. HYLA.

Vomerine teeth. Skin smooth, or vnth scattered small tubercles ;
no large gland. Disks always veiy conspicuoiis ; fingers more or
less webbed, in some species qiiite free ; toes broadly webbed, in one
species only vnth a narrow membrane at the base. Tympanum
distinct ; eustacliian tubes always veiy conspicuous ; tongue large,
more or less cii'cular, entire or slightly notched behind. Males with
one or two vocal sacs (except in one species). Cosmopolitan.

Hyla, Lopliopus, Centrotelma, Hylomedusa, Bunneister, Erlmite7-vn-

qen ziir Fauna JSrasilwiis, p. 00.
Hyla, JMl, Zoo/, of the Bem/Jc, Rept. p. 43.
Hyla, Dmn. l^ Bihr. viii. p. 542 ; Gray, I. c. ; Cur. Regne Anim. ; Laur.

Si/n. Rept. p. 32 ; Daud. Hist. Nat. Rain. Gren. Crap., and Hist.

Nat. Rept. viii.
Dendrohyas, H\'psiboas, Lophopus, Calamita, Ranoidea, Sphseuo-

rhj-nelius, Tschudi, Batr. p. 71-74.
Calamites, Hypsiboas, Auletris, Hyas, Scinax, Phyllodytes, Wagl.

Si/st. Amph. p. 200-202.
Calamita, sp., Kana, .sp., auct. prior.

* G-ronp with vomerine teeth in two curved, more or less separated
series, forming together an arch with the convexity toivards the
front. ( ri )

1. Hyla albomarginata.

Hyla albomarginata, Spix, Test. t. 8. f. 1 ; Duni. Sf Bibr. p. 555.
Hj-psiboas albomarginata, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 201 ; Tschudi, Batr.

p. 72 ; Guichenot, Rept. in Castelnau^s Anim. ttouv. ou rares, p. 82.
? Hyla infidata, JFied, Beitr. i. p. 533, and Ahbild. t. ; Burmeister,

I. c. p. 97. t. 80. f. 1-6.

The three outer fingers nearly entirely webbed. Skin smooth ;
head short. Minutely pimctulated with brown ; a white glandular
fold passing above the eye.

a. Adult. Rio Janeiro. Presented by A. Fry, Esq.

h. Advdt. Para.

c-g. Adult and half-grown. Brazil. Presented by Lord Stuart.

h. Half-grown. Brazil.

{. Half-gro^vn. Brazil. From Dr. Gardiner's Collection.

Tc, I. Yoimg. Brazil. From Dr. Gardiner's Collection.

m. Young : discoloured. Brazil. Presented by Lord Stuart.

n. Adult. South America. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq.

0. Half-grown : discoloured. South America.

2. Hyla langsdorfii.

Hyla langsdorfii, Dutn. %■ Bibr. Erpet. Gener. \\n. p. 557 ; Guichenot,

I. c. pi. 17. f. 1.
Centrotelma langsdorfii, Burmeister, I. c. p. 100.

The three outer fingers nearly entirely webbed. Skin minutely
granular ; head large, with angular muzzle. Brownish, with whitish
and brown variegations ; in old age more uniform.

BATEACHIA SALIENTIA. 99

a. Large specimen : male : not good state. South America. Pre-

sented by Sir R. Schomburgk.

b. Adult female : bad state. South America. From Mr. Mather's

Collection.

c. Adidt. Eio Janeiro. Presented by Alex. Fry, Esq.

d. Adult: discoloured. Soutli America.

3. Hyla geographica.

Ilyla geogi'aphica, Snix, Spec. Noc. I'cst. t. 11. f. 1 ; liurmcidcr, I. c.
p. 99.

The three outer fingers half- webbed ; skin smooth ; head broad,
wath i)rominent angular muzzle ; a conspicuous appendix at the heel.
Reddish brown above, \vith black spots. An X-shapcd marking on
the anterior part of back.

a. Adult. Brazil.

b. Adidt. Brazil.

c. Adult : bad state. Demerara. Presented by Dr. Hancock.

d. Adult. South America. From Mr. Parrey's Collection.

e. f. Adult. Venezuela. From Mr. Dyson's Collection.

4. Hyla pardalis.

Hyla pardalis, S^, Test. pi. 8. f. 3.

crepitans, Wicd, Ahhild. t. .

Hylfe pahnatiB descript. pars, Dum. <^ Bihr. p. 645 (p. 547 : Lea

flancs d'autros individus et le devant de leurs cidsses portent des

raies A-erticales noiratres).
Hylomedusa crepitans, Burmeister, I. c. p. 103.

Fingers one-third webbed ; head broad, short ; tongue nearly
circular; subarticular tubercles prominent. Reddish grey above,
with irregular blotches, formed by minute black points ; sides of
body and hinder part of the legs with transverse black stripes.
(Perhaps only a variety of H. maxima.)

a. Adidt : not good state. Demerara. Presented by Dr. Hancock.

b. Adult ; not good state. Berbice.

c. Adult. Caraccas. From M. Parzudaki's Collection as Trachy-

cephalus marmoratus.

d. Adult. Venezuela. From Mr. Dyson's Collection.

e. f. Adult. Venezuela. From Mr. Dyson's CoUoction.
g. Young. Venezuela. From Mr. Dyson's Collection.

h. Adult : stuffed. South America. From M. Parzudaki's Collection.
i. Adult : stuffed. South limerica. From M. Parzudaki's Collection.

5. Hyla maxima.

Seba, i. 72. 3.

Rana maxima, Laiir. Si/n. Bept. p. 32.

Rana palmata, Daub. Qundr. Ovip. p. 659; Lacep. Quad); Ovip. L

p. 538 ; Bonnat. Ophiol. pi. 3. f. 1.
Calamita maxima, Schneid. Hist. Ampli. p. 1G3.

h2

100 REPTILES.

Rana zebra, SJiatr, Zool. iii. p. 123.

Hyla palmata, Latr. Rept. ii. p. 173 ; Daud. Rahi. p. 38. pi. 14, and

Re])t. viii. p. 79 ; Cttv. Rk/ne Anim. ; Dum. Sf Bihr. p. 544 (part.) ;

Guiclienot, Rept. iti Castehxm's Anim. nout\ ou rares, p. 80.
Calainita piilmatus, Men: Tent. p. 173.
Hyla faber, Wied, Reke nach Bras. i. p. 173, ii. pp. 241, 249, and

AhUld. f. 1, 2, and Beitr. i. p. 519 ; Gravenh. Delic. p. 23.
Hypsiboas palmata, Wagl. Si/sf. p. 201 ; Tschudi, Batr. p. 73.
Hylomediisa palmata, Biirmeistei; I. c. p. 102.

The three outer fingers half- webbed. Skin smooth ; head short,
large. Greyish or olive above, Avith or ^vithout more or less con-
fluent darker spots, A\'itli or 'without dark-brovm vertebral Kne.

a. Adult. Brazil.

b. Adult male. South America.

<■. Half-gro-wn : not good state. South America. From Mr. Bates's
Collection. AU with brown dorsal streak.

6. Hyla xerophylla.

Dum. ^- Bibi: Erpetol. Gener. p. 549.

The three outer fingers one-third webbed ; head short ; eyelid
flaccid ; tympanum rather more than half the width of eye ; loreal
region not grooved. Above and beneath brownish, with a few
scattered small white spots.

o. Adult : not good state. Cayenne.

h. Half-grown: not good state. Para. From Mr. Stevens's Collection.

7. Hyla fasciata. (Plate VII. fig. D.)

Fingers scarcely webbed ; a small cutaneous spiu' at the heel ; head
rather short, with pointed snout, grooved loreal region, and ■«dth a
rather cm'\'ed canthus rostralis ; tympanum oval, not quite half the
si^e of the eye. Back reddish olive-grey (in spirits), with a blackish
vertebral line from the muzzle ; sides of belly, anterior and posterior
sides of the hind leg with alternate black and white cross-bars.

a. Adult female. Andes of Ecuador. From Mr. Fraser's Collection.

Description of the sjoecimen. — This species has the physiognomy of
H. geo(jrapliica,imrdalis, maxima, and langsdorjii, but is distinguished
by the very short web between the fingers, the small tympanimi, the
coloration, and the small size. The tjanpanimi is half the size of the
eye, rather indistinct, obliquely elliptical ; there is a very narrow
and loAV fold along the fore-arm and the tarsiis, the latter being pro-
vided with a small appendage at the heel. The web between the
toes is deeply notched, and reaches only to the second phalanx of
the first to fourth toe. The coloration is as above described, the
black and white bars being nearly of the same 'nadth. There are
visible also some such bars on the upper side of the foot. Length
of the body 2" ; length of front extremity Ii" ; length of hinder
extremitj- 3^".

BATKACHIA SALIENTIA. 101

8. Hyla doumercii.

Dum. 4" Sibi: Erpitol. Gener. p. 551.

Fingers very slightly webbed ; head short ; tympanum large ;
loreal region not grooved. Above uniform dark olive, beneath
whitish. Siuinam.

9. Hyla punctata.

Calamita pimetata, Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 170.
Hyla punctata, Daiid. Itain. p. 41, and /?<^;<. viii. p. 81 ; Gravenh.
'Delic. p. ;$0. t. (). f. 2 ; JJum. l*)- liibr. p. 552 ; Biinneister, I. c. p. 104.
Hyla variolosa, Sjnx, Spec. Nov. Test. t. 9. f. 4.

Fingers veiy slightly webbed ; head short ; tympanum not quite
half the width of eye ; eyelid tense ; loreal region not grooved.
Above light brown, on each side a white stripe, and back with white
spots. lirazil (North) ; Siuinam.

10. Hyla leprieurii.

Dion. >^'- Bibr. Erpctol. Gener. p. 55.3.

The three outer fingers one-third webbed ; head short ; loreal
region concave. Above greyish, Avith large brown-cross bands ;
beneath white. South America.

11. Hyla multifasciata. (Plate YIII. fig. D.)

Fingers very slightly webbed ; head as long as broad ; loreal
region flat ; skin smooth ; all upper parts with brown, white-edged
cross-bands ; beneath white.

a. Adult. Para. From Mr. Stevens's Collection.

Description of the specimen. — Habit slender ; head rather large, as
long as broad, with rather pointed muzzle and not rounded canthus
rostrahs ; loreal region flat, not grooved ; eyes rather large ; nostrils
lateral, near the end of muzzle ; tympanum oval, half the width of
eye ; upper parts and throat qiiite smooth ; legs slender ; metatarsus
with one small tubercle ; toes broadly webbed, but the membrane
not reacliing the tip of the toes ; third toe nearly as long as fifth ;
foiu'th one-foiu'th longer than fifth ; tarsus with a low cutaneous
fold; fingers slender, very shghtly webbed. Disks moderate. Tongue
cordiform, but very shghtly notched behind ; vomerine teeth be-
tween the interior nostrils, arranged in two curved hues, foi-ming
together an arch \vith tlie convexity forwai'd ; interior nastrils rather
large, eustachian tubes much smaller. Above light reddish brown ;
body from the snout to the anus, and the extremities with brown,
white-edged cross-bands ; loreal region brown, a brown Hne from
the back edge of eye above the tympanimi. Length of body 1-1";
length of hinder extremity .3" ; length of front extremity 1J-" ; length
of tarsus f".

102 REPTILES.

12. Hyla boans.

Hyla boans, Daud. Rain. p. 31. pi. 11, and Rept. viii. p. 64 ; Latr.

Rept. ii. p. 184 ; Dum. ^ Bihr. p. 605 ; Burmeister, I. c. p. 108.
Aiiletris boans, Wagl. Sijd. p. 201.
H}-psiboas boans, Tsclmdi, Buti: p. 72.

The thi-ee outer fingers very slightly webbed ; head elongate ;
snont tapering, but rounded in front ; tongue sHghtly notched behind.
A brown dorsal stripe and a brown band through the nostril, eye,
and tympanum ; brown cross- streaks on the back and legs. South
America.

** Group with vomenne teeth, in two curved series, each forming an
arch, one beside the other, whose convexity is forward. ( .^v ,^n )

13. Hyla levaillantii.

Dum. ^ Bibr. Erpetol. Gener. p. 550.

Vomei-ine teeth between the hinder edges of the inner nostrils ;
tjTupanum two-thiixls the width of eye ; fingers very sUghtly webbed ;
above brownish. Surinam.

14. Hyla lichenosa. (Plate YIII. fig. C.)

Vomerine teeth on a level with the hinder edges of the inner
nostiils ; tympanum one-third the width of eye ; skin covered with
large flat warts ; fingers one-fourth webbed.

a. Adult male. South America. From Mr. Bates's Collection.

h. Adult male. Amazons. From Mr. Bates's Collection.

c. Large female : not good state. America. From Mr. Mather's

Collection.
d-fj. Half-grown and young. Vera Cniz. From Mr. Cuming's

Collection.
7t. Half-grown. Cordova. From M. SaUe's Collection.
i, l\ Half-growTi and yoimg : not good state. Mexico. From M.

Parzudaki's Collection.

Description. — Habit moderately slender ; head broad, short, with
flat crown, short blunt muzzle, and rounded canthus rostralis ; eye
moderate ; tympanum small, circular, half-hidden by an overhanging
fold, about one-third the mdth of eye. Extremities moderate, with
well-developed subarticular tubercles and moderate disks; fingers
one-fourth webbed, toes webbed to the penultimate phalanx. Sldn of
the upper parts and of the sides covered with large round flat warts ;
a broad glandular fold above the tympanum. Tongue nearly cii'cular ;
inner nostrils and eustachian tubes moderate ; vomerine teeth in two
slightly arched seiies, scarcely internipted in the middle, on a level
with the hinder edge of the nostrils. In the Southern specimens the

BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 103

colour above is nearly iinifoiin brown ; in those from Central America
olive, ^vith a very broad, white, lilackish-edged band from the upper
eyehd to the loin ; some of the warts ai'e deep black ; beneath uniform
whitish. Sacral vertebra moderately dilated ; male with two large
external vocal sacs behind the angle of mouth. Length of body 2^" ;
length of front extremity li" ; length of hinder extremity 3^".

*** Group with vomerine teeth arranged in a straight, elongated line,
more or less interrupted on the middle of the palate. ( )

15. Hyla cynocephala.

Dtim. (})• liibr. Erpetol. Geiter. viii. p. 558.

Vomerine teeth on a level with the hinder edge of the nostrils.
Fingers not webbed ; back smooth ; head covered ^'ith small tubercles.
Guiana.

IG. Hyla versicolor.

Ilyla verrucosa, Daud. Rain. p. 3-3. pi. 4. f. 1.

versicolor, Lccontc, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, i. p. 281 ;

Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Set. Philad. v. 343 ; Dinn. i^- Bibr,
p. oGG ; Dekaij, New York Fauna, Rept. p. 71. pi. 21. f. 53 « ; Holbr.
N. Amer. Herpet. iv. pi. 28.

Dendrohyas versicolor, Tschudi, Batr. p. 75.

Yomerino teeth on a level with the hinder edge of the nostrils.
Fingers one-thii-d webbed ; skin warty ; a cutaneous fold across the
chest. Green, grey, or bro\vn, with irregular darker spots ; beneath
yellowish. Male with a subgular external vocal sac.

a. Adidt. Great Bear Lake. Presented by Sir J. Richardson. —

Above greenish.
h. Adult male. Canada. Presented by J. Howell, Esq.

c. Adult male. Chippaway.

d. Adidt male. New York.

e. Adidt female. Philadelphia. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.
/, g. Half-grown. CaUfomia. From Mr. Stevens's Collection.

h, i. Adidt : bad state. North America. Presented by Edward

Doubleday, Esq.
k. Adidt male. North America. Presented by Dr. Jacob Green.
l-o. Adidt. North America. Presented by Mr. Dnimmond.
p, q- Half-grown. North America. Presented by Edward Doubleday,

Esq.
r-t. Young: very bad state. North America. Presented by Edward

Doubleday, Esq.
u. Adidt male. Mexico. From M. Parzudaki's Collection.
V. Adidt female. Yera Ciiiz. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.
«'. Adidt female. America.
.v. Adult female. Ameiica.
'/. Half-grown: bleached. America.

104

17. Hyla venulosa.

Merian, Insect. Sarin, t. 56 ; Seha, i. 71. 1. 2, 72. 4.

Rana venulosa, Law: Sijn. Rept. p. 31 ; Daub. Quadr. Ovip. p. 6(38 ;

Laccp. Quadr. Ovip. i. p. 537 ; Bonnat. Ophiol. p. 8.
Rana tibiatrix, Laur. I. c. p. .

zebra, var. venulosa, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 124.

meriaua, Sftaw, I. c. p. 133.

Calamita boans, ScJineid. Hist. Amph. p. 164 ; Merr. Tent. p. 173.
Hvla venulosa, Daud. Rain. p. 35. pi. 13, and Rept. viii. p. 74 ; Latr.

'Rept. ii. p. 175; Gravenh. Delic. p. 24; Dum. Sf Bibr. p. 560;

Guichenot, Rept. in Castelnau's Anim. nouv. ou rares, p. 84 ; Bur-

vieister, I. c. p. 106.
Hyla tibiati-ix, Daud. Rain. p. 36.
— '- — zonalis, bufouia, Spix, Test. t. 12. f. 1, 2.
Ilypsiboas venulosa, Wagl. Si/st. Amph. p. 201.
Auletris tibiatrix (I), Wagl. I. c.
Hypsiboas venulosus, Tschudi, Batr. p. 72.
Dendi'ohyas tibiatrix (!), Tschudi, Batr. p. 74.

Vomerine teeth on a level with the hinder edge of the nostiils.
Fingers one-third webbed ; skin warty ; no cutaneous fold on the
chest. Irregularly spotted or striped. Male with an external vocal
sac on each side behind the angle of mouth.

a. Adult male. Cayenne.
6. Adult female. Cayenne.

c. Adult female. Para. Presented by R. Graham, Esq.

d. Young : not good state. Para. Prom Mr. Stevens's Collection.

e. Adult male : fine specimen. South America. Purchased of Dr.

Gardiner.

/. Adult male. South America.

g. Adult male. South America.

h. Adult: bad state. South America. From Mr. Mather's Col-
lection.

i. Adult : bad state. South America.

Tc. Adult : skin. South America. From Mr. Stevens's Collection.

18. Hyla marmorata.

Seba, i. 17. 4, 5.

Bufo marmoratus, Laur. Syn. p. 29 ; Bonnat. Ophiol. p. 14 ; Lacip.

Quadr. Odp. i. p. 607.
Hyla mannorata, Daud. Rain. p. 54. pi. 12. f. 1, 2, and Rept. viii. p. 71
Latr. Rept. ii. p. 184 ; Dum. S,- Bibr. p. 571 ; Gxdchenot, I. c. p. 85.
Calamita marmoratus, Merr. Tent. p. 174.

Lopbopus mai-moratus, Tschudi, Batr. p. 73 ; ? Burmeisier, I. c. p. 93.

t. 31. f. la.

Vomerine teeth on a level with the hinder edge of the nostiils.

The thi-ee outer fingers nearly entirely webbed ; outer edge of arm

and foot with a broad cutaneous fold; skin ^vith small scattered

warts. Disks very large.

a. Half-grown : not good state. Brazil. Presented by Lord Stuart.

b. Young. Brazil. Presented by Lord Stuart.

BATEACHTA SALIENTIA. , ] Oo

19. Hyla corticalis.

Lophopus corticalis, Burmeistei; I c. p. 95. t. 30. f. 7-12.

Vomerine toeth behind tlie hinder cd'^e of the no.strils. The
three outer fingers nearly entirely webbed ; outer edge of arm and
foot vnth a broad cutaneous fold ; skin with smaU scattered warts
Disks very large. Neufreiburg (Brazil).

20. Hyla carolinensis.

Cateshtj, Nat. Ilisf. Carol, ii. pi. 71.

Hyla viridia, var. /3, Laiir. Si/n. Rept. p. 33.

Calamita carolinensis, Pvnn. Zool. Arct. ii. p. 331.

cinereus, Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 174.

Rana bilineata, Shatv, Zool. iii. p. ] 30.

Hyla lateralis, Latr. Rept. ii. p. 180 ; Baud. Rain. p. 16. pi 2 f 1 •
Leconte, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, i. p. 278 ; Harl. Journ
Acad. Nat. Sci. I'hilad. v. p. 341 ; Bum. S,- Bibr. p. 587.

Hyla vmdis, Holbr. N. Amer. Herpet. iv. pi. 29.

The series of vomerine teeth well separated from one another, on
a level Avith the hinder edge of the nostrils ; fingers slightly webbed ;
upper parts quite smooth. A white streak along the edge of the
upper hp and the sides.

Or-c. Adult and half-grown : bleached. North Ameiica.
d-f. Adult : not good state. New Orleans.

21, Hyla agrestis.

Bell, Zool. of the Beagle, Rept. p. 46. t. 19. f. 3.
The series of vomerine teeth well separated from one another, on
a level Avath the hinder edge of the nostrils ; fingers shghtly webbed
A white streak only along the edge of the upper lip ; another paraUei
line above the tympanum.

a, b. Adult and young. Maldonado. Presented by Charles Dai-win
Esq. '

c. Half-grown : not good state. America. Presented by Charles
Danvin, Esq.

22. Hyla prasina.
Burmeister, I. c. p. 106. t. 31. f. 2.

The series of vomerine teeth on a level -n-ith the hinder edge of
the nosti-ils ; fingers shghtly webbed ; outer edge of the extremities
a,nd of the sides of the body with a cutaneous, serrated white fold.
Skin of back smooth, green (olive in spirits). Neufreiburg (Brazil).'

23. Hyla baudinii.
Dion. S,- Bibr. Erpetol. G6nh: ^-iii. p. 504.
Vomerine teeth on a level with the front edge of the nostrils ; fin-
gers one-fourth webbed ; skin of back smooth, of tluoat tubercidous;

106 REPTILES.

a cutaneous fold across the chest. Male with a vocal sac on each
side beneath the angle of mouth ; both sacs communicating one with
the other.

a, h. Adult. Mexico.

c. Adult. Mexico. From M. Parzudaki's Collection.

d. Adult : not good state. Mexico. From M. Salle's Collection.
e-cj. Adidt. Mexico. From Hugo Finck's Collection.

h. Adidt: veiy bad state. Mexico. From Hugo Finek's Collection.

?', 1-. Adult males. Hondiu-as.

1. Half-grown. Vera Cruz. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

m. Adult female. Brazil. Presented by Lord Stuart.

n. Adult : not good state. Brazil.

24. Hyla capistrata.

Ilyla capistrata, Eeiiss, Mas. Scnclcenh. i. p. oS. pi. 3. f. 4.
pimiUa, Dtim. ^- Bibr. p. 565.

Vomerine teeth on a level with the front edge of the nostrils ;
fingers one-third webbed ; sldn of back and throat smooth ; a cuta-
neous fold across the chest ; lips white-spotted ; male with a sub-
gular external vocal sac. Brazil.

**** Group with vomerine teeth arranged in two groups.

25. Hyla vauterii.

Hyla vauterii, (Bibr.) Bell, Zool. of the Beagle, Rept. p. 45. pi. 19. f. 2.

Vomerine teeth in two groups, situated on a level with the hinder
edge of the nostrils, and rather obliquely arranged, divergent towards
behind ; fingers slightly webbed ; toes half- webbed ; tympanum one-
third of the width of eye. Eeddish grey above with brown spots.

a. Adidt. Maldonado. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq.

26. Hyla aurantiaca.

Hyla aurantiaca, Daud. Rain. p. 28. pi. 9. f. 3, and Re23t. viii. p. 57 ;

Dum. i^- Bibr. p. 610 ; Burtncister, I. c. p. 105.
Hyla lactea, Daud. Rain. p. 30. pi. 10. f. 2, and Rept. viii. p. 62 ;

Latr. Rept. ii. p. 178.
Calamita am-autiacus at lacteus, Merr. Tent. p. 172.
Dendrohyas rubra, Tschudi, Batr. p. 74.
Sphfenorhynchus lacteus, Tschudi, Batr. p. 71.

Vomerine teeth on a level with the hinder edge of the nostrils.
Fingers half- webbed ; toes entii'cly webbed ; tympanum rather in-
distinct ; upper parts smooth ; tongue entire behind, very large,
covering the whole of the lower face of the buccal cavity. Above
uniform bro'svnish.

a. Adult: discoloiued. Demerara. Presented 1)}" Sir W. Holmes.

BATEACHIA SALIENTIA. 107

27. Hyla fusca.

Hyla fusca, Daiul Ruin. p. 40, and Rept. dii. p. 5 ; Diun. i^- Bibi:

p. 574.
Calamita fusca, Mcrr. Tent. p. 170.

Yomonnc tcoth betwoon the nostrils. Fingcr.s slightly •«-cl)hod ;
upper parts smooth ; a fokl across the chest ; tymi)anura small, half
the Andth of eye ; tongue Anth an angular nick Ijchind. Above uni-
form brown.

«. Adult: bad state. Brazil.

28. Hylaluteola.

Hyla luteola, Wied, Ahbild. t. , and Beitr. i. p. 535 ; BunHciufci; I. c.

p. 107. t. .'U. f. 3.
? Hyla uebidosa, Spix, Spec. Nov. Test. t. 10. f. 4.

Yomcrine teeth between the nostrils. Fingers veiy slightly
webbed ; upper parts smooth ; tympanimi much smaller than eye ;
tongue nearly circular. Above yellow, minutely bro^vn-sllotted ;
belly whitish, variegated with darker; sides of the tliighs and of
belly Avith bluish cross-streaks {Burm.}. Neufreibm-g (Brazil).

29. Hyla arborea.

Gesiirr, Qwidr. ii. p. 98 ; Sc/iivoicJcfc/d, Tlieriof/r. Sik'S. p. 153 ; Aldrov.

Qinidr. i. p. 022.
Eana arborea, L. Faun. Suec. p. 180, and Mm. Ad. Fried, i. p. 47,

and Sjjst. Nut. i. p. 357 ; RIml, p. 39. t. 9-12 ; Wulf, Ichtlujol.

Bitriis.s. p. 9; Miiller, Zoul. Tkt/i. Prodi; p. 35; Stiirin, Diutseld.

Fauna, iii. llct't i. ; Donnd. Zool. Beitr. iii. p. 57 ; Lutr. Salam.

p. 38 ; Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 130.
Hyla viridis, Laur. Si/n. Rept. p. 33 ; Bonnat. Ophiol. p. 9 ; Latr. Rept.

ii. p. 1()9 : Duud. Ruin. p. 14. f. 1, and Rept. viii. p. 23; Grurenh.

Ih'lic. p. 23; Eielnr. Zool. Spec. iii. p. lOI!, imA Fuuna C'a.<ip.-Cauc.

p. 124 ; Boiiuj). Fauna R<d. ; Bibr. et Bory St. Vincent, Exjied. Mor.

Rept. p. 74 ; Bum. ^- Bibr. p. 581.
Eaiia viridis. Daub. Quadr. Orip. iii. p. 6G7 ; Lacep. Quadr. Ovip. i.

p. 550.
Calamita arboreus, Schneid. Amph. p. 153; Merr. Tent. p. 170; Risso,

Ili.st. Nut. Eur. Merid. iii. p. 92.
Hyla arborea. Cur. Rifjne Anitn. ; Griff. Anim. Kinyd. ix. p. 39G ;

Sc/iinz, Faun. Helvet. p. 144.
IIya.s ai'borea, Wac/l. Sj/.'it. p. 201.
Dendrohyas arborea, Tschudi, Batr. p. 74.

Vomerine teeth betAveen the nostrils. Fingers slightly webbed ;
toes two-thirds we])bed ; ujiper parts smooth ; a fold across the chest ;
tympanum one-thiid the size of the eye ; tongue circiUar, hardly
nicked behind. Above greeni.sh, sometimes spotted with ohve. with
a more or less conspicuous grej'ish streak through the eye, lost on
the sides ; sometimes a greyish elliptical spot on tlie loin.

108 REPTILES.

A. European specimens.

The streak along the canthiis rostralis generally narrow, and not
extending far on the sides, sometimes wanting ; the spot on the loin
sometimes very conspicuous.

a~c. Adult. Hambm-g. Presented by Dr. Tricke.

d, e. Adult male and female. Bononia. Presentedby J. J. Bianconi.

/. Adidt. Oporto.

(f. Adult. Elba. Presented by Sir W. C. Trevelyan.

h. Half-groAvu. Guezama. Presented by Sir W. C. Trevelyan.

i. Adult. Corfu. Presented by E. Freet, Esq.

1-, J. Veiy bad state. Sardinia. Presented by Professor Bonelli as

H. sard a.
m. Adult male : discoloured. Mediterranean. Presented by —

Miiller, Esq.
n-q. Adult and young. South Em-ope. Presented by E. B. Webb,

Esq.
r. Adult : discoloured, luu'ope. Presented by the Zoological Society.
s. Adult : not good state. Europe. Presented by the Zoological

Society.
t. Adult : not good state. Eiu'ope. From the Haslar Collection.
u. Adult : bleached. Eiu'ope.
V. Adult : not good state. Europe.
w. Adult female : discoloured. Eui'ope.
a: Half-gro^vn. Eiu'ope.
y. Adult : stuffed. Eiu-ojie.
;:, a. Adult : skeletons. Italy.
G, y. Adult and half-grown. Madeii'a. Presented by E. B. Webb,

Esq.
S. Adult. Madeira. Presented by E. B. Webb, Esq.
€-r]. Adult. TenerifFe. Presented by E. MacAndi-ew, Esq.

B. African specimens.
Like the European variety.

d-K. Advilt. Africa.

C. Asiatic specimens.

t From Western Asia, like fonner.

\, Adult. Asia Minor. From the Haslar Collection.

^. Many specimens. Euphrates Expedition.

y. Adult: bad state. Euplu'ates Expedition. Presented by the

Zoological Society.
I. Adult : bad state. Euphrates Expedition. Presented by the

Zoological Society.

ft From Eastern Asia.

I. Var. chinensis (Plate IX. fig. C). Agrees in aU its
characters with our European specimens, except in having

BATKACHIA SALIKNTIA. 109

some black spots on the loin and on the hijider part of the
upper leg ; the cHsks appear to be rather larger, and there
IS a very distinct web between the fingers.
o, rr Adidt and half-grown. China. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.
p. Adult female. Clmia. From Mr. Cuming's Collection
V^'* fl!"^* '?'! Ji'^^f-g™^- China. From Mr. Cuming's CoUection
,/.. Adult: skeleton. China. From Mr. Cuming's CoUection.

II. Var. japonica. S])ot on the loin and streak through the
eye wantmg In Schlegel's description {Fauna Japon.
p. 1 1 2). another fi-og is confounded with this variety Only
fig. 0 of the third plate in that work belongs to //. arhorea-
see Polypedates schlegelii.

w, aa. Adult and half-grown. Japan. From the Leyden Mu.seum
66. Adult. Japan. From the Lej-den Museum*.

30. Hyla euphorbiacea. (Plate X. fig. C.)
Vomerine teeth between the nostrils. Fingers not webbed ; a sHght
mdiment of a we^ between the first and second fingers; toes one-
third webbed; a fold across the chest; t^-mpanum one-third the si/e
ot the eye ; tongue circular, hardly nicked liehind. Above o-reyish
(m spmt.s greenish olive), A^th a grey streak from the nostril throu-h
the eye, widening on the sides and reaching to the loin ; the hinder
sides ot the thighs white-spotted.

a. Adult male. Cordova. From M. 8aUe's CoUection

6. Adult male CordUleras. From M. Parzudaki's CoUection as

H. pulchella.
c, d. Adult. Mexico. From M. SaUe's CoUection
e. Adult : skeleton. Mexico. From M. SaUe's CoUection.
. / ff^erly considered this American species to be a climatal va-
nety of ffi/h arhorea ; but M. 8aUe, who coUected the greater part
ot the specimens, has afibrded me such infonnation. that I no loii-er
adhere to my former opinion. The American species never fuUv
attains to the size of the European, the ground-colour is always grey
or greyisn, never green, and the voice is much less vigorous and dit^
terent in intonation. M. SaUe generaUy found it resting on the lar-e
euphorbiaceous plants. From the great simUarity of aU the out-
ward characters to Hi,1a arhorea, and from the figure in Plate X it
w-iU not be necessaiT to give a fuU description. The toes appear' to
be proportiouaUy a little more slender.

The results of a comparison of the skeletons of the Eiu-opean and
Chinese varieties of ffyla arhorea and of If. euphorhiacea are, that

* In the "Zoology" of the 'Voyage an Pole Sud et dans TOc^ame sur lea
Correttesl Astrolabe et la Zelee.' Part '• Reptiles et Poissons, par Sui^Tt
Guiehenot/' anotl>er variety o^Hyla .>ridis Is described at p. 25^ and ^ed in
£. M' ^" ' \' ^^^ f^""^- lighter-edged spots. Tl.e figure does not appear
to be very well executed, and tl.e country where it was found is not „!^'tion^

110 REPTILES.

the former exhibit no difference, wliilst in the latter the iliac bones
appear to be rather more elongate in proportion to the length of the
whole vertebral colnmn : the proportions of the different parts of the
extremities are nearly the same.

31. Hyla rubra.

Hyla rubra, Baud. Haiti, p. 2(3. pi. 9. f. 1, 2, and Sq)t. viii. p. 53 ; Latr.

Hept. ii. p. 17G ; Dnm. ^- Bibr. p. 592 ; Burmeister, I. c. p. 109.
Calamita ruber, 3Ierf. Tent. p. 171.
Hyla X-sigiiata. Splx, Test. t. 11. f. 3.
Auletris rubra, JFaffl. Amph. p. 201.

Vomerine teeth between the nostrils. Fingers quite free ; upper
parts with a few small scattered tubercles ; a fold across the chest ;
tympanum not half the width of the eye ; tongue slightly notched
behind. Above brownish or greyish, with a triangiilar spot between
the eyes ; generally on each side a curved band, both nearly con-
fluent on the middle of the back, divergent towards front and towards
behind.

a, h. Adult. Demcrara. Presented by Captain Triend.

c, d. Adult : discoloured. Demerara. Presented by Colonel Sabine.

e. Adult. So\ith Amei-ica. Mus. Guilding.

f-li. Adirlt and half-grown. South America. From Mr. Bates's
Collection.

i. Adult. Brazil.

k. Adult : bad state. Santarem ; Amazons. From Mi-. Bates's Col-
lection.

I. Adult. Para. Presented by R. Graham, Esq.

in, n. Adult. Para. Presented by R. Craham, Esq.

0. Adult : bad state. Para. Presented by E. Graham, Esq.

p. Adidt. Para, From Mr. Stevens's Collection.

q. Adult. Para. From Mr. Stevens's Collection.

32. Hyla zebra.

Dnm. df Bibr. Erpetol. Gener. viii. p. 575.

Vomerine teeth nearly on a level with the hinder edge of the
nostiTls. Fingers one-third webbed ; tjnnpanum smaU, half the
wddth of eye ; head covered with small glands. Above brownish ;
thighs black- and white-banded.

33. Hyla leucomelas.

Dum. Sf Bibr. Erpetol. Gener. p. 576.

Vomerine teeth on a level with the hinder edge of the nostrils.
Fingers one-thii'd webbed ; upper parts quite smooth. Above greyish,
minutely dotted with black.

a. Adult. Caraccas.

BATRACniA SALIKNTIA. Ill

34. Hyla squirella.

Hyla squirella, Daud. Bain. p. 18. pi. 3. f. 2, and Rf^pt. viii. p. 34 ;

Latr. Rcjit. ii. p. 181 ; Leconte, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, i.

p. 279 ; JIarl. Jottrn. Acad. Nat. Sc. I'hilad. \. p. 342 ; h Gravenh.

Belie, p. 28. t. (5. f. 1 ; Bum. 4- Jiih): p. r,K!t ; Bekaij, New York

Fauna, liepf. p. 72. pi. 21. f. 5:5 ; ILMr. N. Amer. Ilerpet. iv. pi. 30.
Hvla feiuorulis, Baud. Rain. p. li). pi. 3. f. 1, and Rcpt. viii. p. 32;

'Latr. I. c. ; Leconte, I. c. p. 2S0 ; Ilarl. I. c. ; Uolhr. I. c. pi. 31.
Calaniita squiroUa et fenioralis, 3Ierr. Tod. p. 171.
AiUetris squirella, Wuf/l. AnipJi. p. 201.
Dendrohyas squirella, Tschiidi, Batr. p. 75.

Vomerine teeth on a level -with the hinder edge of the nostrils.
Fingers -seiy slightly webbed ; toes half- webbed ; tympanum lialf
the ^\adth of eye ; tongue slightly nicked and free behind ; a fold
across the chest. Above greenish olive, with darker spots ; some-
times the upper lip is white-edged, and the hinder side of the thigh
white-spotted.

a. Adult. Georgia. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

35. Hyla ewingii.

Bum. ^- Bibr. Erpetol. <j6ner. viii. p. 597 ; Jaeq. 8f Guich. Rept. in V01/.
ait Pole S'<d par Bumont-d' UrviUe, p. 2G. pi. 1. f. 3, 3 A (not good).

Vomerine teeth on a level with the hinder edge of the nostrils ;
fingers quite free ; toes broadly webbed ; tympanum half the Avidth
of eye ; tongue nearly circular ; upper parts of the sides and upper
eyelid tubercular. Above greyish, dai'ker variegated and sjjotted ; a
blackish streak along the canthus rostralis ; temple blackish.

a. Adult. Van Diemen's Land. Presented by the Zoological Society,

and named by Bibron.
h-d. Adult females. Van Diemen's Land. Presented by R. Giuin,

Esq.
e. Half-grown. Van Diemen's Land. Presented by E. Gunn, Esq.
/-?. Adult. Hobart Town. Presented by J. B. Jukes, Esq.
h. Adult : not good state. Hobart Town. Presented by J. B. Jukes,

Esq.
/. Adult. Hobart Town. Presented by J. B. Jukes, Esq.
in. Adult. N.E. Australia. From Mr. Rich's Collection,
n. Half-gro\ATi. N.E. Australia.

0. Half-grown. Australia. Presented by the Earl of Derby.
p. Adult. Australia. Presented by the Zoological Society.
q-s. Adult and half-grown. AustraUa.
t. Adult male : remarkably small specimen. Australia. Purchased

of Mr. Stevens.

3G. Hyla rubella.

Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 57.
Vomerine teeth behind the level of the hinder edge of the nostrils ;
fingers quite free ; toes two-thirds webbed ; tympanum one-third
the width of e3-e ; tongue large, not notched behind ; upper parts

112 REPTILES.

quite smooth. Above greyish, sides of head and body -ndth a broad
purplish-brown band.

«, b. Adult females. Port Essington. Purchased of Mr. Gould.
c. Adult female. Port Essington. Piu'chased of Mr. Gould.

37. Hyla leucophyllata.

Hjda leucophyllata, Bcirci.t, in Srhrift. der Berl. Naturf. Freioicle, iv.

p. 178. t. 41. f. 4 ; Shaic, Zool. iii. p. 127 ; Gravenli Delic. p. 31 ;

Ditm. (S- Bihr. p. 607 ; Bunneistcr, I. c. p. 104. t. 31. f. 4.
Calamita leucophyllatus, Schneid. Aviph. p. 168 ; Merr. Tent. p. 173.
Hyla frontalis, Daud. Bain. p. 24. pi. 7, and Bept. viii. p. 45.
— ^ — lateristi-iga, Spix, Sppc. Nor. Ted. t. 14. f. 4.

elegans, Wied, Abhild. pi. , and Beitr. i. p. 529.

Hj-psiboas leucophj-Uatus, Tschudi, Batr. p. 72.

Vomerine teeth between the nostrils. Fingers half- webbed ;
upper parts smooth. Above blackish brown, with a triangular white
spot on the forehead, and a white band on the sides of the back,
sometimes confluent behind into a veiy large wliite blotch.

a. Adult. Brazil. Piu'chased of Dr. Gardiner.

h. Adult. Cayenne. From M. Parzudaki's Collection.

38. Hyla rhodopepla. (Plate YII. fig. E.)

Vomerine teeth between the nostiils ; fingers nearly one-third
webbed, toes completely webbed ; back smooth ; tongue cii-cular,
shghtly nicked behind. Back and the upper side of the lower leg
rose-colom-ed, the former scarcely dotted with violet ; a purpHsh-
bro-WTi, lighter-edged (in spirits) band roimd the muzzle through the
eye, along the sides to the loin ; upper aim and leg not coloured ;
under parts whitish.

a. Andes of Ecuador. From Mr. Eraser's Collection.

I found a single specimen of this beautiful species in a small col-
lection of Batrachians sent by Mr. Fraser from Guayaquil. The
specimen appears to be a half-grown incUvidual, with the coloors
pretty well preserved, but otherwise not in the best condition. No
cutaneous folds or appendages are visible, either of the front or of
the hinder extremities. The muzzle is flat, obtuse, roimded ; the
tympanum rather more than half the width of the eye ; the foirrth
finger is much longer than the second ; the third and fifth toes are
equal in length ; at the base of the first fijiger a mdiment of a thumb
is visible. Length of the body I!" ; length of the front extremity
not quite -I" ; length of the posterior extremity If".

39. Hyla peronii.

Hyla peronii, Bihron, MSS. ; Dum. ^- Bihr. p. 669.
Dendrohyas peronii, Tschudi, Batr. p. 75.

Vomerine teeth between the nostrils ; fingers one-fourth webbed ;

BATRACUIA SALIKNTIA. 1 1 ;i

back with a tow sniiiil scattered tubercles ; tongue circular, wdtli an
angular nick behind. Browiiish, variegated with white and l)rown ;
arm-])it and loin blackish brown ; hinder side of leg white, marbled
with l)rown.

a. Adult male. Australia. Presented by Sir J. Richardson.

6. Adult female. Port Essington. Presented by the Earl of Derby.

('. Adult. Van Diemen's I;iind. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

40. Hyla adelaidensis.

II via adelaidensis, Gray, in (Irvt/'aJoun). Espvd. Ai/str. p. 447. t. 8. f.2,
Ilyla biocidata, fy'rai/, I.e. f. 1.

Vomerine teeth between the nostrils. Snout rather pointed.
Fingers qixitc free ; tongue large, covering the whole of the inferior
face of the buccal cavity, slightly notched behind ; back with a few
small scattered tubercles. A brown streak, beneath edged with j-el-
lowish, extends from the back edge of eye to the abdomen.

A. Back pui-pUsh brown ; hinder side of the thighs with some
large round white spots,

a. Adult female. West Australia, From Mr, Gilbert's Collection,

Type of Dr, Gray's H. adelaidensis.
h-h. Different ages. West Australia. Ty|je of Dr. Gray's H. bi-

oculata.
i-m. Lai-vas and young. West Austi-alia. Presented by G. T.

Moore, Esq.
n. Adult : very bad state. Port Essington. Presented by Dr.

Fleming.
0, J)- Adult : not good state. Port Essington. Presented by Dr.

Fleming.
q. Adult female. Port Essington. Presented by Dr. Fleming,
r. Adult. Australia. Presented by the Zoological Society.
s. Adult. Australia. Presented by the Zoological Society,

B. Back with darker spots ; hinder side of thighs not coloured,
sometimes with very obsolete lighter spots.

t-w. Adult males. Port E.ssington. Presented by Dr. Fleming.
X, y. Adult females. Port Essington. Presented b^- Dr. Fleming.
z. Adult. Port Essington. Presented by Dr. Fleming.
a. Adidt. Port Essington. Presented by Dr. Heming.

41. Hylajervisiensis.

Dum. &i Bihr. Erpetol. Genh: viii. p. 580.

Vomerine teeth on a level with the front edge of the nostiils ;
fingers half-webbed. Upper parts smooth, greyish, with a brown
streak along the canthus rostralis, passing above the tympanum.
New Holland.

i

114 REPTILES.

***** Group with vomerine teeth, arranged in two oblique series,
convergent posteriorly.

42. Hyla aurea.

Rana aurea, Less. Voi/. Coq. Zool. ii. p. GO. pi. 7. f. 2.

Hyla jacksonieusis, Bihr. MSS. ; Dion. Sf Bihr. p. 602.

Ranoidea jacksoiiiensis, Tschudi, Butr. p. 79.

Gray, in Grey's Journ. Expect. Austr. t. 8. f. 3 (without name).

Fingers free; toes broadly webbed ; head longer than broad ; tongue
elliptical, slightly notched behind ; upper pai-ts smooth ; a glandiilar
fold behind the angle of mouth. Olive, Math a whitish band on each
side of back ; a blackish streak along the canthus rostralis. Male
with a subgular vocal sac.

a~d. Adult. West Austraha.

e-h. Adult. West Australia.

?", h. Adult. West Australia.

l-o. Adult and half-grown. West Australia.

li-r. Half-gro-mi. West Australia.

s. Young. West Australia.

t. Adult. King George's Soimd. From the Leyden Museum as

H. ewingii,
u. Fine specimen. New South Wales. Presented by Sir A. Smith,
t;. Adult : not good state. Swan River.
lu, X. Yoimg and half-grown. Swan River. Presented by Sir A.

Smith.
y, z. Adult males. Port Essington. Presented by Dr. Fleming.
a, /3. Adult males. Port Essington. Presented by Dr. Fleming.
y. Half-grown : bad state. Port Essington. Presented by Dr.

Fleming.
2, €. Half-grown. Port Essington. Presented by Dr. Fleming.
^. Adult female. Tasmania. Presented by R. Gunn, Esq.
T]-i. Half-grown. Tasmania. Presented by R. Gunn, Esq.
K, \. Half-grown: bad state. Tasmania. Presented by R. Gunn,

Esq.
fi. Five young specimens. Tasmania. Capt. Ross's Expedition.
V. Adult : very bad state. New Holland.
£,. Adidt : not good state. New Holland. Presented by Charles

Darwin, Esq.
0, TT. Adult females. New Holland. Presented by J. B. Jukes, Esq.
p. Adult. New Holland. From M. Parzudaki's Collection.
ff, T. Adult : not good state. New Holland. Presented by Mrs.

Rawdon.
V. Adidt. New Holland. Presented by the Earl of Derby.

(p. Adult : veiy bad state. ? Presented by C. Bowring, Esq.

^. Adult female. Melbourne. Presented by Mr. Krefft.
^. Adult: skeleton. New Holland,
w. Adult female : skeleton. Australia.

Sl-eleton. — Besides the zygomatic and pterygoid arches, there is a

HATRACHIA HAMKNTIA. 115

third from the tympanic bone to the maxillary formed by the pi'O-
cessus mastoideiis, which reaches to that point of the maxillary where
this bone is united with the pterygoid. As in Ci/stujnat/ius, there
is a large os intercalare between the frontal and parietal bones, \vith
distinct sutures in one of the skeletons, which in another are con-
founded with those bones. The sides of the skull are more or less
ossified, accorrhng to the age of the individual. The coccygeal style
is not quite as long as the vertebral column, and provided with a
high, shaq) ridge. The claviculie are curved, with the convexity
behind ; in front of their symphysis is the manubrium stemi, half-
cartilaginous, not bifid ; the coracoid bones are rather feeble, dilated
at the stenial end, and joined behind wth a very large and broad
ossifying cartilage. Hiuneiiis with a moderate ridge, still lower in
the femur. The iliac l)oncs have a .slight longitudinal groove, are
just as long as the cms. and a little longer than the humeras.

43. Hyla verreauxii.

Ihmt. Ann. Sr. A\it. 1854, p. 171.

Fingers free, toes broadly webbed ; head short ; muzzle angular,
obtuse ; lorcal region concave ; tympanum much smaller than the
eye; tongue slightly nicked behind; upper parts smooth, a glan-
dular fold above the tympanum. Above bro^\Ti, ^-ith a broad darker
band from bcitween the eyes to the vent. Now Holland.

44. Hyla citropus.

Hyla citropa, Peron and Lemcio-, MSS. ; Uum. ^- liihr. p. H(X).
Dendrohyas citropa, Tschudi, Bafr. p. 75.

Fingers quite free ; toes only webbed at the base ; tongue cir(;ular,
entire and free behind. Port .Jackson.

4. NOTOTREMA.

Vomerine teeth. Skin of back glandular, of crown smooth ; no
large gland. Bisks rather large ; fingei-s and toes elongate, veiy
slightly webbed. . Tympanum distinct ; eastachian tubes moderate ;
tongue large, nearly circular, vei-y slightly notched behind. Trans-
verse process of sacral vertebra equally dilated from the base. Male
with an external subgnlar vocal sac ; female with a pouch on the
hinder part of the l)ack. Peni ; Mexico.

Hyla, sp., Ditm. ^- Bibr. viii. p. 598.
Gii-strothecft*, Fifz. Si/sf. Rept. p. 30.

• Fitzinger appears to have believed in the existence of a pouch on the belly ;
his denomination is derived from yaarrip belly, and OtiKt), used by the old anato-
mists for the brain-pan ; therefore I think myself justified in not accepting hia
name.

1 y

116 HEPTFLES.

1. Nototrema marsupiatiim. (Plate X. figs. B, B', B".)

Hyla marsupiata, Bum. S, Bihr. I. c. pi. 98 ; Guichenot, Rqd. in Cas-
teht. Anim. hquv. ou 7-ares de VAmer. (hi Sud, p. 86.

Yomerine teeth in two .series, in a straight line between the inner
nostrils. Above luiiform bluish olive (in spirits), or greenish ohve
with bluish or dark green, black-edged longitudinal spots, and with
transverse bai's on the extremities.

a. Adult male. Mexico. From M. Parzudald's Collection.

h, c. Adult male. Andes of Ecuador. From Mr. Fraser's Collection.

d. Female : jjouch not developed. Andes of Ecuador. From Mr.

Fraser's Collection. — Coloration uniform.

e, f. Females : pouch not developed. Andes of Ecuador. From

Mr. Fraser's Collection. — Back and extremities spotted.

g. Female : ydih. a pouch on the back, not extending above the sa-
cral region. Andes of Ecuador. From Mr. Fraser's Collection.
— Coioi'ation uniform.

h. Female : pouch filled vdi\\ eggs. Andes of Ecuador. — From Mr.
Fraser's Collection.— Coloration uniform.

i. Adiilt male. Andes of Ecuador. From Mr. Fraser's Collection.
— Uniform shining greenish bro^vn.

/.•. Adult male. Ajides of Ecuador. From Mr. Fraser'sCollection. =?.

l-t. Adult and half-grown specimens. Andes of Ecuador. From
Mr. Fraser's Collection.

Ml'. Eraser collected, in the Andes of Ecuador, a series of these
animals, strikingly illustrating the changes to which the coloration
of this species and the j)ouch are subjected. The coloration is not
dependent on sex or on age, as is shown by the notices given
above. The females appear to attain nearly their full .size before the
develo])ment of the pouch on the back. In .specimen d. there is hardly
a trace of it to be seen. Specimens e. and /. are rather larger, and
exhibit two longitudinal folds of the skin along the iliac bones ; they
are united by a transverse fold, corresponding to the level of the
sacral veriebra (fig. B.) ; these folds are so low, that, at present, there
is no cavity between or beneath them. The pouch of the specimen g.
(fig. B'.), extending 2 mi11im. upwards, may be considered as a further
degree of development ; but it may also be the contracted ca\-ity,
the young frogs ha^ing left the back of the mother. I may add,
that the whole inside of the pouch of these specimens is jirovided with
a skin, identical with the external cutis and having the same color-
ation. Specimen h. (fig. B".) .shows the pouch filled with eggs, ex-
tending to near the occiput, forming a separated sac between the
cutis and the dorsal muscles ; the entrance is very narrow, and con-
cealed in folds of the cutis. The inside is colourless. The eggs
appear to be very young, not yet exhibiting a trace of the foetus.

nATUAfniA SALIENTIA. 117

5. OPISTHODELPHYS.

Vomerine teeth. Skin of back smooth ; head above bony, with a
rough ridge on the occiput. Disks large; fingers sliglitly, toes
broadly webbed ; tympanum distinct ; eustachian tul)es moderate ;
tongue large, nearly circidar, very slightly notched behind. Female
with a pouch on the hinder part of the back. Central America.

Notodelplivs *, Wvinlaitd, 3Ionalshfrichte dcr Acad, dcr Wiss. Berlin,
1854, p. '.372.

1. Opisthodelphys ovifera.

Notodelplivs ovifera, IVilnhmd, I. c, and in Midler's Archir, 1854,
p. 449. t 17-19.

Crown concave ; occiput with a bony, rough ridge, fonning tAvo
arches Avith the convexity forward. Vomerine teeth in two series
in a straight line, between the interior nostrils.

a. Half-grown male. Cordova. From M. Salle's Collection. — Our
specimen differs from that of Weinland in haAang the sides not
unifoi-m broAvn, but ^^^th some large, not confluent, dark broAvn
spots.

(). TEACH YCEPH ALUS.

Vomerine teeth. Skin more or less granular ; head above bony,
Anth or Avithout bony ridges. Disks large ; membrane between the
fingers not much developed ; toes broadly webbed. Tympanum di-
stinct ; eustachian tubes moderate ; tongue large, nearly circular,
A'ery sHghtly notched behind. Males with two internal, lateral,
vocal sacs ; females Avithout pouch on the back. "West Indies ; South
America.

Trachycephalu.«, Dum. ^- Bibr. Aiii. p. 5.34.

Trachycephalus, Dendrohyas, sp., Hj-psiboas, sp., Tschudi, Batr. pp.
72, 74.

1. Trachycephalus marmoratus.

Trachvcephnlus marmoratus, Bibr. in Hi.'if. deVIlede Cid)ii par Ramon

de la Sar/ra, Ropt. t. 29 ; I)ian. &^- Bibr. p. 538.
Hyla soptentrioualis, J/^w. Paris, cf Lai/d.
Deiulrohya.s septontrionalis, T.scliiidi, Batr. p. 74.
Ilyla brimnea, Gosse, A Natiirulint's Sojourn in Jamaica, p. 3G1.

Vomerine teeth in a straight line between the inner nostrils, hai'dly
interrupted in the nriddle ; canthus rostralis Avith a bony, smooth
ridge ; bony surface of the croAvn finely granular ; fingers slightly
webbed.

a-d. Adult. Cuba. Presented by the Zoological Society.
e, f. Adult. Cuba. Presented by W. S. Maeleay, Esq.
g. Half-groAvn. Cuba. From M. Parzudaki's Collection.

* Preoccupied by a genus of Eiitomostraca (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Ilist. 1847.
vol. XX. p. 2).

118 ' REPTILES.

h-m. Adult, hall- grown, aud young. St. Domingo. From Mr.

Cuming's Collection.
n. Adult. Jamaica.
0. Half-groA\Ti female : bad state. Jamaica. Presented by Mr.

Gosse, and type of his H. brunnea.
p. Adult: skeleton. (Caraccas?)

2. Trachycephalus geographicus.

Trachyceplialus nigromaculatus, Tschudi, 1. c.
geographicus, Dum. iS" Bibr. p. 536.

Vomerine teeth in a straight line between the inner nostrils, hardly
interrupted in the middle ; canthus rostralis with a bony ridge ; bony
surface of crown marked with radiating striae ; fingers slightly webbed.

a. Adult male and female. South America.

h. Half- grown female. Brazil. Presented by Lord Stuart.

3. Trachycephalus dominicensis.

Hypsiboas dominicensis, (3Iiis. Paris) Tschudi, Batr. p. 72.
Trachycephalus dominicensis, Dum. i^ Bibr. p. 540.

Vomerine teeth in a distinctly arched, scarcely inten-upted series
between the inner nostrils ; canthus rostralis roimded ; bony sui-face
of the crown finely granular ; the three outer fingers nearly haK-
webbed.

a. Adult. Hayti. Presented by the Zoological Society.
6. Adult. St. Domingo.

c. Adult. St. Domingo. From M. SaUe's Collection.

d. Adult : not good state. Jamaica. Presented by N. Wilson, Esq.

4. Trachycephalus lichenatus.

Gosse, A Ntdurcdist's Sojuurn in Jauuiica, p. 362. pi. 7.

Vomerine teeth in two straight or slightly arched, oblique series,
convergent towards front ; canthus rostralis with a bony ridge ; head
above with sharp bony ridges, one from the back edge of orbit jiassing
above the tympanum, another on the occiput, forming two arches
with the convexity towards behind. Skin tuberculous ; fingers one-
third webbed.

a, b. Adult females. West Indies. Stevens's sale.

c. Adult. West Indies.

d. Adult. West Indies.

e. f. Adult : not good state. Jamaica. Presented by Mrs. Manger,
r/. Adult : bad state. Jamaica.

h. Adult. West Indies. From the Collection of T. C. Eyton, Esq.
'", 1-. Adult. Presented bv Sir A. Smith.

BATKACHIA SALIKNTIA. 119

Fam. 4. PELODRYADIDiE.

Hylina with webbed toes, dilated processes of sacral vertebra, and
with paratoids.

One genus. Australia.

J. PELODRYAS.

Vomerine teeth. Skin minutely granular, with a large broad
paratoid. Disks veiy largo ; fingers one-half or one-third, toes two-
thirds webbed ; first finger opposite to the three others. Tympanum
distinct ; eustachian tubes moderate ; tongue large, circular very
slightly notched behind. Diapophysis of sacral %'ertebra dilated.
Males with an internal subgular vocal sac. Australia.

1. Pelodryas caeruleus. (Plate IX. fig. B.)

Rana cterulea, White, Joi/ni. N. S. Wales, App. p. 248 (fio-. bad) •
Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 113; Daud. Rain. p. 70; Men: Tent. -0^174:.

Rana austrasiaj, Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 150.

Hyla cyanea, Daud. Rept. viii. p. 4^i ; Cuv. Rhine Anim. ; Schlea
Abbild. t. 9. f. 2 ; Dum. <^- Bibr. p. 577.

Calamites cajruleus, Wuc/l. Amph. p. 200.

Calamita cyanea, Tschudi, Batr. p. 73.

Above uniform green, in spirits bluish, beneath uniform whitish.
Vomerine teeth in two oblique series, convergent posteriorly.

a-d. Adult. Port Essington. Purchased of Mr. Gould.

e. Adult. Port Essington. Presented by the Earl of Derby.

/. Adult. Port Essington. Presented by the Earl of Derby".

if. Adult. North Australia. Presented by Dr. J. E. Elsey. '

h, i. Adult. Australia. Presented by the Earl of Derby.

k. Adult male : skeleton. Australia.

/. Adult. Australia. Voyage of the Herald.

m. Adult male. Antarctic Expedition.

n. Adidt. Moreton Bay. Piu-chased of Mr. Stevens.

Descrij^tioH. — In habit very similar to PhyUomedusa bicolor ; head
broader than long, with broad cro^ni and short, roimded muzzle ; eye
moderate ; cleft of mouth rather large ; behind the eye a large broad
paratoid, extending to the shoulder, projecting far above the tympa-
num, with many pores; skin of the back minutely granular, the
granules on the sides and beneath larger. Disks of the fingers very
large, as large as the tympanum, those of the toes rather smaller ;
fii-st finger opposite to the three others ; a rudimentary membrane
between the first and second fingers ; the three outer ones one-third
webbed, with moderate subarticular tubercles ; in specimen »i. (fig. b)
the web extends over one-half of the length of the fingers ; fore- arm
with a cutaneous ridge to the elbow. Toes two-thirds webbed, the
membrane being deeply notched ; subarticular tubercles moderate ;
metatarsus with one small, oval, bhmt tubercle ; a cutaneous fold along

120 REPTILES,

its inner edge. Tongue nearly circular, slightly notched behind ; inner
nostrils large ; vomerine teeth situated in two oval, rather oblique
groups, a little behind the middle of the inner edge of the nostrils ;
palate with a deep longitucUnal groove on each side ; eustachian tubes
moderate; tympanum very distinct, not qiute as large as the eye. Males
with a large internal subgular sac with two openings ; sacral verte-
bra much dilated, and its process provided with a broad, long cartilage
at its outer edge. Above nuiform green, in spirits bluish, beneath
uniform whitish. Length of body 3-i-" ; cEstance between the eyes
i" ; length of front extremity 2" ; length of hinder extremity Sf" ;
length of fourth toe 1".

Fam. 5. PHYLLOMEDUSID^.

Hylina A\'ith free toes, dilated processes of the sacral vertebra, and
with paratoids.

One genus. ISouth Ameiica.

1. PHYLLOMEDUSA.

Vomerine teeth. Skin smooth, with a large elongate paratoid.
Disks large ; fingers and toes quite free ; the first finger and the
first two toes opposite to the three others. Tympanum rather in-
distinct. Eustachian tubes moderate ; tongue large, pear-shaped,
entire and free behind. Transverse process of sacral vertebra much
dilated. Males with an internal subgular vocal sac. South Ameiica.

Phyllomedusa, Wagl. Si/st. Amph. p. 201 ; Tschudi, Batr. p. 70 ;

Dum. 8f Sibr. viii. p. G27.
Hyla, sp., (lucf. prior.

1. Phyllomedusa hicolor.

Rana bicolor, Bodduert, Muno(/r. de Rana hicol. f. 1-3, and Sckriften

der Berl. Ncdurf. ii. p. 459 '; Slum, Nat. Misc. x. p. 367, and Zool.

iii. p. 126.
Calamita bicolor, Schneid. Hist. Anqjh. p. 156 ; Merv. Tent. p. 170.
Hyla bicolor, Latr. Bept. ii. p. 174 ; Daud. Bain. p. 22. pi. 6, 6, and

'Bept. viii. p. 40 ; Spix, Test. t. 13. f. 1, 2 ; Ch-avenh. Delic. p. 26 ;

Cuv. Begne Ani)n. ; Guerin, Iconogr. pi. 26. f. 3.
Hyla hypochondrialis, Latr. I. c. p. 177 ; Daud. Bain. p. 29. pi. 10.

f. 1, and Btpt. viii. p. 60 ; Gravenh. I. c. p. 28.
Phyllomedusa bicolor, Wagl. Si/st. p. 201 ; Tschudi, Batr. p. 70 ;

jyum. 4" Bibr. p. 629. pi. 90. L 2 a,h, c; Burmeister, Erlaiiterungen

zur Fauna Brasil. p. 111. t. 32.

Blue above ; thighs and sides spotted with white.
a-c. Adiilt. Brazil. Presented by Dr. Gardiner.

d. Adult. Brazil. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

e. Half-grown: bad state. Brazil. From M. Parzudald's Collection.
/. Young. Brazil. Presented by Lord Stuart.

BATKACHIA SALIEN'riA. 121

ij, h. Hiilf-grown. Bcrbice.

i. Young. Dutch Guiana. I'l't-sented by Sir A. Smith.

1-. Adult. Soutli America. rre«cntocl by G. Busk, Esq.

I. Adult. South America.

m. Half-grown : bad state. .South America. From Mr. Batea's

Collection,
li, 0. Adult and half-gro^\^l. Brazil.
p. Adult. South America.
</, r. Young. South America.

,s-. Half-grown : stuffed. Brazil. Presented by Mrs. Parker.
t. Half-grown : stuffed. Brazil. Presented by Mrs, Parker,
it. Adult: skeleton. Brazil.

Section II. Micrhylina.

0. PACHYDACTYLA wth maxillaiy teeth, and with imperfectly
developed ear.

Fam. 1. MICRHYLID^.

Micrhylina with webbed toes, dilated processes of sacral vertebra,
and without paratoids.

One genus. Java.

1. MICRHYLA.

No vomerine teeth*. In habio similar to Engystoma, with rather
long legs. Disks moderate ; fingers quite free ; toes webbed. Skin
smooth. No tympanum, no cavum tympani, no eustacliian tubes t;
tongue rather elongate, oval, rather broader and entire behind.
Mule Avith an internal subgular vocal sac. Java.

Micrliylii, Dum. ^- Bihr. viii. p. 613.
Microliyla, Isc/iiidi, liatr. p. 71.
Hylaplesia, sp., liuic, Isis, 1827, p. 294.

1 . Micrhyla achatina.

Hylaplesia achatina, Bole, I. c.

Microhyla achatina, Tschudi, I.e.; Duiit. ^- Bihr. p. (514.

Crown \\-ith a brown cross-band; on each side of the back an
elongated bro^vnish -black spot.

rt. Adidt. Java. From the Leyden MiLseum.

* Like Bibron, I was not able to find the " dciites palatines brevissimos," men-
tioned by Tscbudi.

t " Tyiupan eacho ; trompes d'Eustaclii esccssivenient petits." — Dum. <f Bibr.
" TrominelfoU fehlt ; Troniinelhohle iiusserst klein ; tuba Eustacliii nur ein
ausserst fcincs Kaniilchen." — TschiuU, p. 28.

122

Section III. Hylaplesina.
0. PLATYDACTTLA without maxillary teeth and with perfectly-
developed ear.

Fam. 1. HYLiEDACTYLIDiE.

Hylaplesina with webbed toes, dilated processes of sacral vertebra,
and without paratoids.
One genus. East Indies.

1. KALOULA.

Habit similar to Engystoma ; head rather small, with short muzzle ;
cleft of mouth rather narrow ; extremities rather short ; teeth none
in jaws or in palate, a sharp bony transverse ridge behind the
inner nostrils (? sometimes bearing very minute teeth : D. <Sf B.). On
the hinder part of palate two transverse, dentated, membranaceous
folds ; tongue oval, free and entire behind. Eustachian tubes round,
narrow ; tympanum indistinct ; paratoids none ; skin smooth, with
a few flat warts ; metatarsus -with two tubercles. Fingers four,
much dilated at the tip ; toes five, shghtly webbed, or with only a
rudimentaiy membrane, moderately dilated at the end. Males with
an internal subgular vocal sac. East Indies.

Ilyladactylus, Tschudi, Batr. p. 85 ; Diim. ^ Bihr. viii. p. 732.
Plectropus, Dum. ^- Bihr. viii. p. 736.
Kaloula, Gray, Zool. Misc. 1831, p. 38.

1. Kaloula baleata.

Bombinator baleatus, Mull. Verhandel. Batav. Genotsch. Batav. 1836,

p. 96.
Hyladactylus baleatus, Tschudi, Batr. p. 85 ; Dum. 8c Btbr. p. 734.

Snout rather blunt and angular ; a conspicuous rudiment of a
mcmbraue between the toes. Unifonn brown, each joint of the
extremities with a pair of large white spots.

a. Adult. Java.

b. Adult. Java. From the Leyden Museum.

c. d. Adult. Java. From the Leyden Museum.

e. Adult. ?

f. Adult: not good state. Ceylon? Presented by Sir- A. Smith. —

Brownish black; above marbled with black, beneath with
white; no white spots at the joints. — Perhaps a distinct
species.

Var. Hylsedactylus celebensis. Belly dark brown, like back ;
white spots not much conspicuous.

g. Adult. India. From Mr. Parrey's Collection.

h. Half-growTi. India. From the Levden Museum.

BATllACHIA SALIKNTIA. 123

2. Kaloula pulchra.

Kaloula piik'hva, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 38.

Hyliedactylus bivittatus, Cantor; Vatal. Malay Rept. p. 143.

Snout very blunt and short ; a rudiment of a membrane between
the toes hardly conspicuous. Light brown, with a large triangular
dark bro\vn spot, covering nearly the whole of the back, beginning
wth a tiimcatcd tip between the eyes and becoming broader poste-
riorly ; whitish spots on the joints only visible in younger indi-
viduals.

a. Adult. Ceylon. Presented by Dr. Kelaart.

b. Half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

c. d. Adult and half-grown. China. Presented by J, lleevc, Esq.
e. Adult. China.

/, g. Young. China.

3. Kaloula picta.

Plectropus pictus, (Bibron) Et/doiuc et Souleyet, Voy. de la Bonite, Beat.
pi. 9. f. 2 ; Dam. ^ Bibr. p. 737.

Muzzle rather blunt, not very short, angular; toes one-third
webbed. Olive or brownish, the darker coloration of back sometimes
forming a large triangular spot, with a tapering end on the occiput,
sometimes separated in more or less confluent spots ; no white spots
on the joints.

A. Male = Ph'ctropits pivtus, Bihr. Tips of fingers and toes very
shghtly enlarged, cylindrical, scarcely dilated; inner tubercle of
metatarsus large, flat, round, not shaq).

a. Advilt. Philippine Islands.

B. Female. Tips of flngers and toes much dilated, ends of fingers
broader than tliat of toes ; inner tubercle of metatarsus oval, rounded,
moderate.

h-d. Adult. Philippine Islands.
e. Adult. Pliihppine Islands.

The male indi\'idual in the British Museum Collection belongs
undoubtedly to that form of Batrachians called by Bibron Plectropus
pictus. On the other hand, another Batracliian from the Philippine
Islands, with all the characters of Kaloula, agrees so perfectly with
Plectropus, except in the diaracter of the toes, as to lead me to
believe that both forms arc identical, one being the male, and the
other the female. A comparison of more specimens vdW. no doubt
show till- tnith of my belief that there exist sexual difterences in
the third species of Kaloula, and that hitherto only the male was
known, and described by Bibron as Plectropits pictus.

124

Fam. 2. BRACHYMERID^.

Hylaplesina with free toes, dilated processes of sacral vertebra,
and without paratoids.

One genus. South Africa.

1. BRACHYMERTJS.

Habit rather stout ; head small, rather short, cleft of mouth
moderate ; extremities short ; teeth none in jaws nor in palate, nor
a sharp bony ridge ; tongue oblong, broadest behind, slightly emar-
ginate. Tympaniim hidden ; eustachian tubes very small ; skin
smooth ; metatarsiLs without any tubercles. Fingers foiu-, toes five,
all free and dilated at the end. Sacral vertebra not miich extended.
South Afiica.

Brachymerus, Smith, Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa.

1. Brachymerus bifasciatus.

Smith, I. c. pi. 63 ; Peters in Wiegm. Archiv, 1855, p. 58.

Above deep liver-brown, with two red (in spirits yellowish) lon-
gitudinal bands ; beneath brownish, variegated ^\ath yello'wish ; ex-
tremities yellow-spotted.

a. Adult : not good state. South Aii-ica. Presented by Sir A. Smith.
h-g. Adult and young. South Africa. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Fam. 3. HYLAPLESIDJE.

Htlaplesina with free toes, cylindrical processes of sacral ver-
tebra, and -wathout paratoids.
One genus. Tropical America.

1. HYLAPLESIA.

Habit raniform ; head moderate, angular ; cleft of moxith mode-
rate ; extremities moderate ; teeth none in jaws nor in palate ; tongue
elongate, free and entire behind. Tympanum rather indistinct;
paratoids none ; skin smooth, or with small, flat, smooth tubercles ;
metatarsus with two feeble blimt tubercles. Fingers fom-, toes five,
all free and dilated at the end. Sacral vertebra not dilated. Males
with an internal subgular vocal sac. Tropical America.

Dendrobates, Waql. Syst. Amph. p. 202 ; Dum. ^- Sibr. viii. p. 649.
Hylaplesia, sp., Boie, Ms, 1827, p. 294; Tschudi, Butr. p. 70.
Hyla, sp., Rana, sp., Calamita, sp., nuct. prior.

BATKACUIA SALIKNTIA. 125

] . Hylaplesia tinctoria.

Linu. AmwH. i. p. 50(3; Bomuit. Encycl. p. 10.

Calamita tinctorius, Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 175; Merr. Tent. p. 1G9.

Raua tinctoria, Shaw, den. Zool. iii. p. 1,35.

II via tinctoria, Lutr. JRipt. ii. p. 170; Daud. Sain. p. 25. pi. 8, and

Itrpt. viii. p. 48 ; Ci)i: litW/tie Anim.
Dendrobatc.t tinctorius, W(i(/l. Sijst. Amph. p. 202; Dum. i^- L'ibr.

p. 052. pi. 90. f. 1,1 rt.

trivittatus, (Spix) Wagl. I. c.

Hylaplesia tinctoria, lioii; I. c. ; Tschudi, Batr. p. 70.

First finger shorter than second ; back smooth.

Var. A. Above black, with two AA'hito lateral stripes, beginning
from a M'hite spot on the crown, sometimes one oi- two cross-streaks
between ; beneath blackish, -with deep black spots, or wv\h whitish
markings. — Dendrohates lurjidms, Schmidt, Denksclir. Acad. Wiss.
Wien, 1858, p. 250. t. 2. f. 14.

a. Adult. Cayenne.

h. Half-groMTi. Bogota. Presented by Mr. Marks.

c. Young. Para. Presented by R. Graham, Esq.

d. Adult: very bad state. South America. Presented by Sir R.

Schombiu-gk.

Var. B. Upper parts unifomi grey (in spirits) ; under parts
uniform black.

e. Adult. Para. Pi'esented by R. Graham, Esq.
/. Adult. Para. Presented by R. Graham, Esq.
g. Adiilt. Para. From Mr. Stevens's Collection.

Var. C. Black, Avith scattered round white spots.
h. Adult. South America. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

Var. D. Quite imiform black.

i. Adult. Panama. From M. PfefFcr's Collection.
h-o. Adult. Panama. From Mr. Stevens's Collection.
p. Half-growm. America.

Var. E. Grey, with large black blotches.

q. Adult. Isthmus of Darien. Presented by the Zoological Society,
and named by Bibron Deiulrobates latimaculatm.

Var. F. Brownish on the muzzle, and on each side a large white
spot ; upper anii and leg with a white ring (Dum. ^- Bihr. p. 054).

2. Hylaplesia picta.

Hylaplesia picta, Tschudi, Batr. p. 71.

Dendrohates pictus, Dum. iSj- Bihr. p. 056; Gay, Chile, Zool. ii. p. 119.

Firet finger longer than second ; back tubercular, with a glan-
dular ridge on each side. Brownish black, with two white lateral

126 REPTILES.

bands ; upper jaw white-edged ; a white streak along the hinder
side of the thigh ; sometimes uniform brown.

Our specimens agree in all their characters with the description
of Bibron, except in always ha\'ing the first finger longer than the
second, as is mentioned in another species of Bibron, D. obscurns,
p. 655, a species quite unknown to us. (Cfi-. Guichenot, liept. in
Castehi. Anim. nouv. de VAmer. du Siid, p. 87. pi. 17. f. 2.)

a. Adult. BrazU. — Uniform brown: this is to be considered only

as a variety, and may prove to be D. obscwus, Bibr.
h, c. Adult. Para. From Mr. Stevens's Collection.

d. Adult. Demerara. Presented by the Zoological Society.

e. Adult. Demerara. Pi'esentcd by the Zoological Society.
/. Adult : not good state. St. Domingo.

3. Hylaplesia speciosa.

Dendrobates speciosus, Schmidt, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, 1858,
p. 249. t. 1. f. 11, t. 2. f. 12.

First finger shorter than second. Entirely smooth, without folds.
Uniform carmine-red (in spirits bluish grey). Andes of New
Granada (6000 feet).

4. Hylaplesia pumilio.

Dendrobates pumilio, Schmidt, I. c. p. 250. t. 2. f. 13.

Entirely smooth, without folds. Above violet, beneath greyish
white ; sacral region, sides, extremities, belly and breast punctu-
lated with black. Andes of New Granada (6000 feet).

5. Hylaplesia lateralis.

Dendrobates lateralis. Gay, Chile, Zool. ii. p. 120. pi. 5. f. 2.

First finger shorter than second. Back smooth. Above yellow-
ish white, with a brown band on each side of the back and head ;
sides punctulated with brown. Chile.

BATRACHIA SALIUNTIA. 127

C. PROTEROGLOSSA.

Section I. Rhinophrynina.

Peoteroglossa without maxillary teeth and with imperfectly-
developed ear.

Fam. 1. EHINOPHRYNIDJE.

Rhinophryhtna with webbed toes, dilated processes of sacral ver-
tebra, and with paratoids.

One genus.

1. RHINOPHRYNUS.

Body broad, rather depressed, rounded ; head confounded ^vith
body ; muzzle truncated, forming a flat circular disk in front ; skin
smooth ; paratoid hidden, large, with smooth surface ; no tympanum,
no cavum tympani, no eustachian tubes ; fingers webbed at the
base ; toes half- webbed ; first cuneiform bone forming a flat, oval,
homy spur. Male with two lateral vocal cavities, internal, and
hidden behind the angle of the mouth. Mexico.

KhiuopbrjTius, Dum. Sj- JBibr. viii. p. 757.

1. Rhinophrynus dorsalis. (Plate XII.)

Dum. ^- Bibr. viii. p. 758. pi. 91. f. 2, 2 a (bad) ; Gimther, Proc. Zonl.
Soc. 1858, p. 339.

Bluish grey, with yellowish spots on the sides and in the vertebral
line, the latter sometimes confluent.

a. Adult male. Mexico. From M. Salle's Collection.

b, c. Adult and young. Mexico. From M. Parzudaki's Collection.

d. Half-growTi. South America. From M. Salle's CoUeetion.

e, f. Young. Vera Cruz. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.

APPENDIX.

The present Appendix gives an account of the specimens collected
since this Catalogue was printed, and descriptions of several new spe-
cies. I am also enabled to make some additional remarks, especially
to the s^nionymy, from works to which I have had no access before.

Page 2. Dactylethra Isevis.
/. Adult. Cape. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 3. Pipa americana.

Guichen. Rept. in Castelnau, Anim. nouv. on tares do VAiner. clii SucI,
p. 92. pi. 18.

c'. Female mth young on the back. Tropical America. Presented
by Sii- A. Smith.

Page 3. Myobatrachus paradoxus.

Professor Schlegel of Leyden has kindly informed me, that the two
large canines are tnie teeth of the vomer, situated immediately be-
hind the inteiTnaxillaiy bone. The tympanum and ca's^mi tympani
are absent; and thus we have, in the Protero-, OpistJw-, and AgJossa
respectively, forms with an imperfectly developed ear. The diapo-
physis of the sacral vertebra is dilated. Prof. Schlegel \vill figure
this Batrachian in the second Part of his Zoology.

Pages 4 and 22. LEIUPERUS.

Schmidt {Denksclir. Acad. Wiss. Wien, 1 858, p. 240) is perfectly
right in denpng the existence of the web between the toes of
these Batrachians. I had formerly seen only a single young speci-
men of Leiuperus marmoratus, and was obliged to confide in the
account given in the Erpetohgle generale. This genus therefore
must be removed into the family of Cystignathidce ; and in the dia-
gnosis of the genus, " toes webbed at the base " must be altered into
" toes free."

Page 5. Add to the Sgno2}sis of the Genera.

14 a. Stenorhynchus. Toes half- webbed ; tympanum hidden: no
vomerine teeth.

AprENnix. 129

Page 5. Pseudis paradoxa.
k'. Young. Surinam. Pres<^nte(l by Sir A. Smith.

Page 7. Tomoptema adspersa.
c, d. Adult and half-grown. Cape. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 7. Tomoptema delalandii. (Plate II. fig. A.)

c. Many .speoimens. Cape. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

d. Many .specimens. Sine patria. Presented by J. C. Jerdon, Esq.

e. Skeleton : male. Sine patria. Presented by J. C. Jerdon, Esq.

Page 7. — 4. Tomoptema natalensis.

Pyxicpphalus natalensis, Smith, III. S. Afr. App. p. 2.3.

Lower jaw with two very weak prominences ; legs much longer
than body ; snout rounded, moderate ; tympanum half the size of
eye ; toes only one-third webbed. Yellowish grey, with a blackish-
green band from the muzzle to the side of body, a short black cross-
band on the front part of the back, and with cross-bands on the
legs.

a. Natal. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

h. Adult. South Africa. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 8. Rana kuhlii.
Var. A.
a'. Half-grown. Celebes. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Var. B.
c. Young. Ceylon. Purcha.sed of Mr. Cuming.

Page 9. Bana macrodon.
/. Large specimen. Java. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 9. Rana vittigera.

I have since ascertained that there is far more probability that
the specimens t-x were procured in China, and not in Ceylon.

Page 10. Rana tigrina.

t', t". Fine specimens. Ceylon. Purchased of Mr. Cuming.

t'. Young. Ceylon. Purchased of Mr. Cuming.

f)'. Very large specimen. India. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

K

130 REPTILES.

Page 11. Rana hexadactyla.

c'-d'. Adult and half-growu. Ceylon. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

7. Adult. India. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

m. Many half-gTO-\ni specimens. India. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 11. 7a. Rana occipitalis. (Plate XI.)

Body with small tuliercles and short longitudinal folds ; no distinct
pores ; a small fold in front of the upper eyelid, another across the
occiput, uniting both the postei-ior angles of the eyehds ; toes of
moderate length, terminating in a small knob, completely webbed,
\\'ithout notch between ; the fouith not much longer than the third.
Above greenish bi'o^\Ti. marbled with darker ; a whitish streak
across the occiput.

rt. Fine female specimen. West Africa. From Mr. Fraser's Col-
lection.
b-d. Adult females. Africa. Presented by Sir A. Smith.
e-g. Adult males. Africa. Presented by Sir A. Smith.
h-7c. Adult females, (iambia. Presented by Sii- A. Smith.
1. Fine female specimen. Africa. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Deserljitlon. — Tliis species is in habit somewhat similar to Rana
tigrina. The forehead is flat ; the canthus rostralis indistinct ; the
sides of the head obhque ; the muzzle rounded, of moderate length,
in the male rather narrower than in the female. The nosti'ils are
situated near the end of the muzzle, and opened towards the upper
sui-face. The eyes are of moderate size, prominent above the level
of the crown, and with a rather narrow space between ; in front and
behind the eyelid a fold, as described above. The tympanum is
roimd, coloured, and not quite so large as the eye. The inner nostrils
and eustachian tubes are nearly equal and of moderate size ; the
vomerine teeth are arranged in two series, convergent posteriorly,
and each beginning from the front edge of the inner nostril. The
lower jaw is provided ■with two bony prominences, but they are low
and covered "uith the mucosa, and correspond to two grooves in the
upper jaw. There are two external vocal sacs in the male, each
with a small round opening near the angle of the mouth. The body
and the extremities are rather stout, the former covered with short
folds, and on the sides with numerous tubercles ; the belly is smooth.
The toes are of moderate length, rather short ; the third longer than
the fifth ; all terminate in small knobs, and are connected by a
web, which is not notched, and reaches to the extreme end of the
toe ; there is even a cutaneous fold extended along the outer edges
of the fii-st and fifth toe, and another fold runs along the tarsal edge.
Metatarsus mth only one oblong tubercle. The third finger is the
longest, and fringed along the inner edge ; the first and foiu'th are
equal in length ; the second is the shortest, and fiinged on both edges.
The two inner fingers terminate in small knobs, the two outer
ones are rather pointed ; in the male the base of the first is very

APPENDIX. 131

thick. The ground colour of tlie upper parts i.s l)rown or greenish
browTi, marbled with brownish-black spots ; all the specimens
exhibit a more or less distinct whitish streak along the transverse
fold on the occiput. The beUy is whitish ; the throat reticulated
with brown. Length of the body 4" ; length of the hinder extremity
5-a-"; length of the tarsiLS with the fourth toe 2|" ; length of the
anterior extremity 21".

Page 12. Rana malabarica.

d', e'. Adult and half-grown. Ceylon. Purchased of Mr. Cuming.
g', g". Half-grown and young. Ceylon. Purchased of Mr. Cuming.

Having now received specimens in a very- good state of preserva-
tion, I have no doubt this species must be transferred to the Platy-
dactyla, and placed in the genus Hylarana, where I shall give a
modified iliagnosis of it.

Page 13. Rana esculenta, var. japonica.
del. Adult. .TapaTi. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 13. Rana halecina.

Dekai/, Neic York Fauna, Rept. p. 63. pi. 20. f. 49.

h' . Fine female specimen. Canada. Presented by Sir A. Smith.
t<. Adult. North America. Presented by Odo Russell, Esq.
V. Adult. North America. Presented by Odo Russell, Esq.

Page 14. Rana palustris.

Rana pardalis, Harlan, Amer. Journ. x. p. 50.

palustris, Dekaij, New York Fauna, Rept. p. 02. pi. 22. f. 60.

a, b. Adult: not good state. North America. Presented by Sir
A. Smith.

Page 14. — 12 «. Rana horiconensis.

Holbr. N. Amer. Herpetol. iv. p. 83. pi. 19.
Dckat/, Netc York Fauna, Rept. p. 61. pi. 22. f. 62.

A glandular fold on each side ; toes not quite webbed to the end ;
metatarsus with one tubercle. Vomerine teeth in two small groups
between the inner nostiils. Dark olive Math irregular, rather small
black spots ; upper lip with dark bars ; above this is an indistinct
clouded white band to the shoulder. Tympanum about the size of
the eye.

«. Adult: not good state. Canada. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 14. Rana clamata.

Rana fontiiiali.s, Dekay, Neir York Fauna, Rept. p. 62. pi. 21. f. 54 a.

k2

132 KEl'TILES.

Page 15. Raua mugieus.

Rana pipiens, Dekay, I. c. p. 60. pi. 19. f. 48.

I. Large female. North America. Presented by Odo Russell, Esq.
m, n. Large males. North America. Presented by Odo Russell, Esq.
0. Very large female. Southern States. Purchased of Mr. Jamrach.

Page 17. Rana temporaria, var. silvatica.

Rana silvatica, Dekay, New York Fauna, Repf. p. 64. pi. 20. f. 50.
(young), pi. 21. f. 54.

Page 17. Rana superciliaris.

The folds in front and behind the upper eyelid are also met with
La Rana o.vyrhynchus and bihronii ; but in Rana superciliaris there
are two white longitudinal streaks on the hinder side of the thigh,
with a black one between — the same part being ii-regularly spotted
in Rana occyrhynchus. Rana bihronii has a white vertebral band ;
but it may prove to be identical with Rana superciliaris.

Page 18. Rana bihronii.
b-g. Adult and half-grown. Gambia. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 18. Rana grayi.

d-h. Adult and half-grown. South Africa. Presented by Sir A.

Smith.
i, I: Adult. Cape. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 18. Rana mascareniensis.
b. Adult: bad state. Abyssinia. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 19. Rana fuscigula.
i, Jc. Adult. Sierra Leone. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 19. Rana oxyrhynchus.

b. Fine specimen. Cape. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

c. Half-grown. Cape. Presented by Sir- A. Smith.

d. Fine specimen. Natal. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 20. Rana delalandii.

J. Half-grown. Africa. From Mr. Frank's Collection as Rana
gracilis. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

APPENmx. 133

Page 20. Rana fasciata.

c. Many young and adult .specimens. Cajio. Presented by Sir
A. Smith.

Page 20. Sphaerotheca strigata.

Having found, in the Collection of Sir A. Smith, specimens of
Tomopterna Jalatvlil in an adult and perfect state, I was immediately
convinced of the identity of Sph. strlf/ata with that species, and it was
evident that the specimens presented by Mr. Jerdon to the British
Museum were not prociu-ed in the East Indies, as incUeated by that
gentleman. The figure given in the Erpctolofjie generale was made
from a half-grown specimen, and it is difficult to recognize the species
by it.

Page 21. Caljrptocephalus gayi.
Gay, ChiU; Zool. ii. Erpetol. pp. 107, 109. pi. 6.

Page 21. Cyclorhamphus marmoratus.
Gay, I. c. p. 129. pi. 7. f. 4.

c. Adidt : not good state. Chili. Purchased of M. Parzudaki.

d. Adult. Andes of Eciiador. From Mr. Eraser's Collection. — This

specimen has the vomerine teeth arranged in two series, and
belongs perhaps to a distinct species.

Page 24. Pyxicephalus americanus.
(L Adult. Tropical America. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 26.— 14 o. STENORHYNCHUS.

Habit moderate, ranifonn. Tongue elongate, cordiform, nicked
behind ; no vomerine teeth. Eustachian tubes small ; tympanum
hidden, beneath the skin. Skin with tubercles. Fingers free, toes
half- webbed ; metatarsiis with two tubercles.

Stenorhyuchus, Smith, III. S. Afr. Rept. App. p. 23.

1 . Stenorhynchus natalensis.

Smith, I. e. p. 24.

Brownish grey marbled with darker, beneath whitish ; throat
marbled with brown.

a. Adult female. Natal. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 2(>. Add to the Si/nopsis of the Oenera.
4. Leiupenis. Xo vdinrrinc teeth.
(5. Arthroleptis. )

134 EEPTILES.

Page 29. — la. Cystignathus roseus.

Bum. ^-Bibr. viii. p. 114 ; Gay, Chile, Zonl. ii. Erpetol. p. 99. pi. 7. f. 3.

Tympanum scarcely distinct ; vomerine teeth in two groups on a
level with the posterior margin of the nostrils. Tongue circular ;
the inner nostrils and eustachian tubes very narrow. Upper parts
rose-coloiu'ed, back wdth a broMoiish shade; the hinder side of the
thighs blackish, spotted with white ; belly whitish. Chili.

Page 29. Cystignathus nodosus.
Gay, Chile, Zool. ii. Erpetol. p. 98.

Page 30. Cystignathus senegalensis.
b-f. Adult. Cape. Presented by Sir A. vSmith.

Page 30. Cystignathus georgianus.

i. Mauy specimens. Van Diemen's Land. Presented by Sii' A. Smith.

Page 31. Pleurodema labyrinthicum.

Cystignathus labjiinthicus, Guichen. Rept. in Casteln. Anini. nouv. ou
rares de VAmer. du Sud, p. 79. pi. 16.

Page 31. Pleurodema bibroni.

Cystignathus bibroni, Gay, Cliile, Zool. ii. Erpetol. p. 90. pi. 7. f. 2.
Var. eleyans (p. .32). Cystignathus elegans, Gay, I.e. p. 101.

Page 33. — 1 a. Limnodynastes peronii.

Cystignathus peronii, Dion, i,- JBibr. p. 409.

No large gland. Back ■\vith longitudinal folds. Head moderate ;
snout produced, depressed, flat ; tongue cordiform, shghtly nicked
behind. Brownish, with longitudinal series of bro^vTi spots on the
back and cross-bars on the legs ; beUy marbled with brown.

a. Adult male : not good state. Van Diemen's Land. Presented
by Sit A. Smith.

I am now convinced that this species of Dumeril and Bibron,
which I have placed as a doubtful synonym of L. dorsalis, forms a
distinct species, disting-uished from L. tasmaniensis by its coloration
and the folds on the back.

Page 33. Limnodynastes tasmaniensis.

g-h. Adult and half-grown. Van Diemen's Land. Presented by
Sir A. Smith.

Al'l'ENUIX. 135

Page 34. Transfer from ]>. 22 : 4. LEIUPERUS.

Add to the diagnosis of Leiuperus marmoratiis : " Space between
the eyes as broad as the diameter of the eyes." And also add
a second species —

2. Leiuperus sagittifer.

iSchmklt, Denkschr. Acad. Jf'iss. If'ien, 18^38, p. 240.

Space between the eyes very nan-ow. Above bluish brown with
lighter markings ; an arrow-shaped line from the muzzle to the
anus (Schmidt). — New Granada.

The genus ARTHROLEPTIS of Smith (III S. Afr. Rept. App.
]). 24) might folli)w \\v\\% but the description there given does not offer
sufficient characters to cUstinguish it from Leiuperus. On the other
hand, the specimen itself upon which the species is founded has
suffered so much as not to enable me to complete that description.

1 . Arthroleptis wahlbergii.

Smith, 1. r. p. 24.
a. Bad state. Cape. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 35. Pelodytes punctatus.
(1. France. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 30. Discoglossus pictus.

h'-h'". Adult and half-growai. Sine patria. Presented by Sir
A. Smith.

Page 37.

There was in the Collection of Sir A. Smith a specimen of that
scarce frog named Ceratophnine nasuta by Prof. Schlegel. It is a
native of Sumatra, and not of Borneo. In all the anatomical characters
and in genersil appearance it is so closely allied to Megahphnjs
montana, that it might be jjlaced in the same genus ; but there
not being even a rudiment of a web between the toes, I am obhged
not only to adopt the genus estabhshed by Schlegel, but to place it
in the family Asterophrydidir.

Pam. 4. ASTEROPHRYDID^.

Stpwpsis of the Genera.

1. Ceratophryne. No vomerine teeth. EyoUd and muzzle pro-

longed into a single cutaneous appendage.

2. Asterophrys. Vomerine teeth numerous. Each eyehd with

several cutaneous appendages.

136

1. CERATOPHRYNE.

Head and body veiy much depressed ; outer edge of upper eyelid
and end of the muzzle prolonged into a pointed appendage ; cleft of
mouth large, extremities moderate ; vomerine teeth none ; tongue
circular, free and entire behind ; tympanum small, hidden or indi-
stinct ; eustachian tubes rather small ; fingers and toes completely
free ; no prominence on the first cuneiform bone. Diapophysis of
sacral vertebra much dilated. Sumatra.

Ceratophryue, Schlegel.

1. Ceratophryne nasuta.

Ceratophryiie nasuta, Schleg.

Back with some narrow cutaneous folds. Brownish yellow above ;
throat and belly brown.

a. Sumatra. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page y8. Alytes obstetricans,
e. Adult female with eggs. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 38. Scaphiopus solitarius.
Dekay, New York Fauna, Rept. p. 66. pi. 19. f. 47.

Page 40. Pelobates fuscus.
g . Adult. France. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 43. PHRYNISCUS.

Hvlaemorplius, (Fifz.) Schmidt, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, 1858,
p. 25r).

Page 43. Phryniscus nigricans.

e. Adult. South America. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 44. Phryniscus cruciger.

Phirix (!) pachydermus, Schmidt, /. c. p. 256. t. 3. f. 2Q, is very
probably a variety of coloration of the above species. Both the
following species have much less slender fore-extremities than the
specimen figiu'ed by myself; nevertheless they are alike in all
other respects. Phirix i^achydermus by no means can be separated
from Phr. hihronii; and I am the more glad to state this, as the
name of the new genus woidd be a nonsense name.

e,f. Half -grown. Central America. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

AITKNIJIX. 137

rage 44. '6 a. Phryniscus bibronii.

riylaeinorphus bibronii, Sc/imidt, Dvnkschr. Acad. IVian. Wien, 1868,
p. 250. t. 3. f. 25 (not good).

Upper parts without spines, smooth ; snout pointed, much pro-
truding, obliquely truncated, the prolonged outlines forming an
acute angle ; canthus rostralis not swollen, crowTi flat ; extremities
still more slender tlian in Plir. crucujcr, the length of the femur and
tibia tog(!thcr being rather more than the length of the body, whUe
the same parts are much shorter in Phr. crucirfcr. Above olive,
with broad brown reticulated bands, transvcrae as well as longi-
tudinal. Along the side of liead and body a broad brown band ;
lower parts whitish.

«. Adult. Puerto Caballo. I'rescnted by Sir A. 8mith.

Page 45. Phryniscus varius.
Ilylicmorphus dunierilii, Sc/unidt, I. c. p. 255. t. .'5. f. 23, 24.

Page 46. Pseudophryne bibronii.

e. Adult. Swan River. Presented by Su- A. Smith.

This specimen has a large and flat lumbar gland, which is much
less conspicuous in the other specimens. Eustachian tubes and
tympanum absent.

Page 47. Hemisus guttatum.

d. Adult. Natal. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

e. Half-grown. Africa. Presented by Sir A. Smith as Engystoma

vermiculatiun.

f. Adult. Coast of Guinea. Presented by Sir A. Smith as E. gui-

neense.

Pago 48. Rhinoderma darwinii.
Gay, Chile, Zool. ii. Erpdol. p. 122. pi. 7. f. 1.

g. Fine specimen. S. America. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 49. Uperodon marmoratum.

g. Fine specimen. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page oU. Diplopelma oniatum.

e', e". Fine specimens. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 5;J. Breviceps verrucosus,
f. Young. Ciipe. Prc*!cnted by Sir .\. Smith.

138 liEPTILIW.

Page 53. Chelydobatrachus gouldii.
c. Half-grown. Swan lliver. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 54. Add to the Synopsis of the Genera : —
Irt. Schismaderma. Cro-miflat; skin warty ; paratoids flat, indistinct.

Page 55.— 1 a. SCHISMADERMA.

Head moderate ; mnzzlo distinct, short ; eye moderate ; extremi-
ties rather short ; teeth none in jaws nor in palate. Tongue ellip-
tical, entire and free behind. Tympanum large, prominent ; eusta-
chian tubes moderate ; paratoids flat, very indistinct ; skin warty ;
fingers free, toes webbed ; a blunt tubercle at the base of the first
toe. Male with a single internal vocal sac. South Africa.

Schismaderma, Smith, III. S. Afr. Rept. App. p. 28.
1 . Schismaderma carens.

Bufo careus, Smith, I. c. pi. . f.

Bufo vertebralis, Smith, I. c. f. (young).

Schismaderma lateralis, Smith, 1. c. App. p. 28.

Tympanum circular, rather larger than the eye ; web between
the toes extending to near the tip, but deeply notched ; a cutaneous
fold along the inner edge of tarsus. From the back edge of eye
above the tympanum to the .sides of the body a black, above white-
edged band.

a-f. Adult. Natal. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

g. Young. Presented by Sir A. Smith (Bufo vertebralis).

The results of my examinations of the same specimens, upon
Avliich Sii' A. Smith has foimded Bh/o care'tis and vertchralis, and
which he has generously presented to the British Museum, together
\\dth the other valuable Batrachians collected diu'ing his sojourn in
Southern Africa, differ somewhat from those given in liis great work.
First, there arc no teeth in the lower jaw ; this bone is equally
covered ^vith the mucosa, and some prominences on it are merely
depofjits of calcareous matter, in consequence of the partial dissolu-
tion of the inorganic parts of the bones. Secondly, in the jiresent
state of preservation, nothing of a paratoid is to be seen ; but
at the place where it ought to be found, the skin, after an incision,
appears much thicker, with an internal stratum of parenchyma ;
and I believe that there has been a paratoid, certainly flat, and not
prominent. In the same way, I have observed the paratoid to
become in\asible in Pelodri/as ccendcus. Finally, aU the specimens
upon which B. vertehralis has been founded are l/oung individuals,
of the greatest similarity to B. carens. Now, in those also I am
not able to point out the paratoid ; but Sir A. Smith, who has

139

seen them ulivo, mentions an indistinct paratoid, which would con-
hrm my opinion, given above. The white spot on the vertebral
line 18 not a constant character, being absent in one-half of the

young specimens.

Page 55. Bufo vtdgaris.
Bufo cinereus, Brandt ^ Ratzelur,,, Medicin. Zool. i. p. 193. t. 23.
c. Fine specimen. Japan. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 56. Bufo chilensis.

Gay, adle, Zool. ii. Erpetol. p. 125. pi. 5. f. 3.

Page 57. 3 a. Bufo sirnus.

Schmidt, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, 1858, p. 254. t. 3. f. 22 (hind-
foot). ^

CroATO without bony enlargement; paratoids moderate, ii-regu-
larly rounded ; tarsus M-ithout cutaneous fold; a metacarpal rudi-
ment ol the thumb. Toes half- webbed ; the tliird finger longer
than the fourth, the third too shorter than the fifth. Back with
argei- and shorter flat warts. Tympanum hidden ; eustachian
tubes small. Above grey or brown, beneath ^^th blackish irre-
gular spots. Chiriqui lliver.

Page 58. Bufo viridis.
Bufo variabilis, Brandt S>- Ratzehirg, I. c. p. 197. t. 23.

Page 59. Bufo pantherinus.
o'. Adult. Gambia. Presented by Sir- A. Smith.
a, fj. Adult. Presented by Sii- A. Smith as Bufo arabka.

Page 59. Bufo angusticeps.

c~f. Not good state. Cape. Presented by Sir A. Smith.— Probably
identical with B. panthennus.

Bufo gariepensis, Smith, in. S. Afr. Rept. pi. 69. f. 2, I like-
wise consider to be young specimens of B. pantherinus.

a, b. Cape. Presented by Sii- A. Smith.— Original specimens, upon
which the species was founded.

Page 60. Bufo guiueensis.
(f'. Adull. Coast of Guinea, rresentcd hv Sir A. Smith.

140

RErTILKS.

Page 60. Bufo tiiberosus.

b. Adiilt. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 61. Bufo celebensis.
e. Adult. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 62. Bufo biporcatus.

Dinnont <f UrviUe, Voy. an Pole Sud, Rept. et Poiss. p. 28. pi. 1. f. 5, 5 a.

Page 62. 14 <t. Bufo kelaartii. (Plate X. fig. A.)

Crown flat, M-ithout bony enlargement ; canthus rostralis angular,
tiibercnlar ; upjjer eyelid edged with a series of tubercles. Skin
covered mth tubercles. Paratoid very naiTow and rather elongate.
Toes broadly webbed. Tympanum rather indistinct. Above brown,
a lighter cross-band between the eyes. Belly yeUo^^-ish, brown-
spotted.

a. Half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.
h, c. Young. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming's Collection.
d. Half- grown. Ceylon. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Descr'qition. — Head triangular, with angular rough canthus ros-
tralis and moderate muzzle ; snout rather pointed in front ; crown
flat, rather broad ; extremities moderate. Fingers rather long and
slender, quite free ; carpi;s with a blunt flat tubercle ; toes rather
short, broadly webbed ; metatarsus with two small blunt tubercles ;
no cutaneous fold along the edge of tarsus. Skin tuberculous, rough ;
a very narrow paratoid from the tympanum to near half the side of
the back ; outer edge of upper eyelid rather prominent, with a convex
series of rough tubercles. Nostrils lateral, but near the end of snout.
Cleft of mouth moderate. Palate quite smooth, without any bony
or membranaceous prominences, but -s^-ith two longitudinal grooves.
Tongue very narrow, elliptical, fi'ee and entire behind ; inner nares
moderate ; eustachian tubes small ; tympanum rather inchstinct.
Above bro-RTi, sometimes the back with lighter, sometimes with
darker variegations ; a lighter cross-band between the eyes ; extre-
mities with indistinct cross-bands. Belly yellowish, more or less
distinctly brown-spotted, the spots more crowded towards the
middle. The largest specimen is the size of a Bombinator igneus.

Page 63. Bufo lentiginosus.

Bufo americanus, DeJiay, New York Fauna, Pepi. p. 67. pi. 19. f 46
(yoimg), pi. 20. f 52.

Page 64. 15 «. Bufo intermedius. (Plate IX. fig. A.)
A bony ridge above the orbit ; another between the orbit and para-

APPKXUIX. 141

toid, entirely hidden by the skin, and roctunguhir to the fii-st. Para-
toid elliptical, moderate. TjTiipannm more or less indistinct, oi
moderate size. Tlie first fingrr longer and thicker than the second ;
metatarsus Avithont cutaneous fold, with two tubercles, covered by a
homy bro\\Ti membrane ; toes half- webbed. Above brownish or
greenish olive, with many irregular brown spots, sometimes con-
fluent ; no distinct dorsal streak ; spots between the eyes irregular.

Or-d. Adult. Andes of Ecuador. From Mr. Eraser's Collection.

Description. — This species resembles in many respects Bufo
lentiginosus ; the bony ridge Ls rounded and rather low, and com-
mences from the ujiper margin of the orbit ; it Ls a little divergent
from that of the other side, not continued above the paratoid, and
emits there a lateral branch which is hidden l)y the skin. The
tympanum is rather indistinct, and sometimes coloured or spotted.
Tongue broader than in most of the sjiecies of Bufo. The skin is
covered with small warts, but none of them bear spines. No large
gland on the leg. The first finger is the thickest, longer than the
second, but nearly equal in length to the third. The web between
the toes reaches to the tip, except in the fourth, where the outer
three phalanges are free ; the third rather longer than the second.
One specimen is entirely similar in coloration to Bufo variabilis, l)ut
in the others the spots expand more, and occupy nearly each half of the
back ; on the sides and on the legs the spots remain more separate ;
the spots are also less crowded along the vertebral line, but the
dorsal streak is always irregular and internipted ; the crown of the
head is either uniform or with more or less spots, iiTegularly ar-
ranged. Belly nearly uniform whitish. Length of the body 3^" ;
length of the anterior extremity 2", of the posterior 4" ; breadth of
the cleft of mouth 14".

Page G4. Bufo omatus.

Bufo melanotis, Guichen. Rept. in Casteln. Anim. tiouv. ou raves, p. 89.

I mentioned above, as a character of this species, the tarsus pro-
vided ^\•ith a series of small tubercles. I find, by continued exa-
mination, that the tarsus has a cutaneous fold along the inner edge ;
but generally it is crenulated, so as to give the appearance of a series
of tubercles ; in a few specimens, as in the following, it is entire ;
I find this to be the case also in specimens from the Continent of
Tropical America.

l-i. Adult and half-grown. Barbadoes. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 65. Bufo agua.
Guichen. Rept. in Casteln. Anim. nour. ou rares, p. 88,
y'. Adult. Trinidad. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

142 REPTILES.

Page 67. — 22 a. Bufo veraguensis.

Schmidt, Denkschr. Acad Wiss. Berl 1858, p. 253. t. 2. f. 20, t. 3. f. 21.

Crown concave, -ndth an obtnse bony enlargement on each side
round the upper edge of the eye, emitting a process posteriorly ; botli
the processes convergent posteriorly. Paratoids moderate, pro-
minent, oblong. Tympanum hidden. Toes entirely webbed, but
the web deeply notched between the toes. Tarsus without cuta-
neous fold. On each side of the back a series of larger tubercles.
Above greyish, marbled with blackish brown ; beneath yellowish
grey. Veragua.

Page 67. Bufo granulosus.
h. Adult. Dutch Guiana. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 68. Bufo gutturosus.
h. Adult. St. Domingo. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 69. 25 a. Bufo pleuropterus.

Schmidt, Denkschr. Acad. IViss. Wien, 1858, p. 252. t. 2. f. 17-19.

A low bony enlargement above the eye ; muzzle narrow, rather
pointed, short ; a cutaneous fold on each side, attached along the
femur and extending nearly to the knee. Paratoid very small ;
the margin of the web between the toes serrated. Bolivia (3000
feet).

Page 69. Otilophus margaritifer.

Bufo margaritifer, Gitichen. Rept. in Casteln. Anim. nouv. ou rares,
p. 90 ; Schmidt, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, 1858, p. 251. t. 2.
f. 15, 16 (head rot good).

Page 71. Acris gryllus.
Hylodes giyllus, Dekay, New York Fauna, Rept. p. 70. pi. 22. f. 61.

Page 71. Acris pickeringii.

Hylodes pickeringii, Dekaij, I. c. p. 69. pi. 20. f 51.

Page 72. 1 a. Hylarana malabarica.

Rana malabarica, Duni. S; Bibr. pi. 80. f. 1, 1 a (toes very bad). (See
this Catalogue, pp. 11 and 131.)

Snout moderately elongate and rather pointed ; the fourth toe
two-thii'ds of the length of body ; toes half- webbed ; disks small ;
on each side of back a feeble white cutaneous fold, another white
streak along the upper lip and the side of the belly ; sides of head
and body blackish, white-spotted behind.

APPENDIX. 143

Page 73. Hylarana erythraea.
/'. Half-grown. East Indies. Purchased.

Page 73. Hylarana chalconota.

6, c. Adult and half-growTi . Ceylon. Purchased of Mr. Cuming.

These specimens differ a little from the Javanese one in having
a whitish streak along the upper lip ; but the glandular fold is not
white, and the muzzle is h^ss pointed, as in H. eri/fhnm.

Page 73. Hylarana albolabris.

d, e. Largo specimens. West Africa. Presented b)^ Sir A. Smitii.
/. Adult female. Fernando Po. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 74. Ixalus aurifasciatus.

Dumont (F Urvilh', Voy. au Pole Slid, Rept. et Poiss, p. 25. pi. 1. f 1, 1 A.

Page 74. Ixalus variabilis.
Var. A.

h' . Adult. Ceylon. Purchased of Mr. Cuming.

h", h'". Adult and haK-grown. Ceylon. Purchased of Mr. Cuming.

Page 77. Polypedates microtympanum.

l~q. Adult. Ceylon. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Polypedates tephrseomystax, Bum. Ann. Sci. Nat. 18.54, p. 158,
appears to be allied to this species.

Page 78. Polypedates maculatus.

h'-h'". Adult and half-grown : fine specimens. Ceylon. Purchased

of Mr. Cuming.
q'. Half-grown. Ceylon. Purchased of Mr. Cuming.

Page 79. Polypedates quadiilineatus.
w. Adult. India. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 80. Polypedates eques.

g, h. Adult. Ceylon. Purchased of Mr. Cuming.

J, k: Large specimens. Ceylon. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

I. Largo specimen. Ceylon. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

144 KEPTILES.

Page 85. Hyperolius mannoratus.
Var. A.

g'. Many specimens. Natal. Presented by Sir A. Hmith.

Var. B.
i, k. Adult. Natal. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Var. C. or Hyperolius verrucosus (Sundev.), Smith, 111. S. Afr.
Rept. App. p. 26.

I. Adult. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 86. Hyperolius horstockii.
e,f. Adult. Natal. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 88. Hyperolius modestus.

Tympanum hidden ; head moderate ; muzzle tnmeated in front ;
fingers one-fourth, toes two-thirds webbed. Above uniform olive
(in spirits), beneath uniform whitish.

b. Adult : not good state. Africa. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 88. Hyperolius plicatus.
b. Adult. Coast of Guinea. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 89. Leptopelis aubryi.

This species has been described by Smith (lU. S. Afr. Rept. App.
p. 25) imder the name of Polypedates natalensis. This denomination
having the priority, Leptopelis aubryi should bo altered to

Leptopelis natalensis.

In several collections this species bears the name of Etirnemis
Imcephalus, which was never published with a proper chagnosis.
There is generally a brown streak from the muzzle along the canthus
rostralis through the eye and tympanum to tlie side of the body.

All the specimens in the British Museum Collection certainly
belong to one and the same species, but in two or three of them the
web between the fingers is indistinct, and that between the toes
shorter. In all other resjiects they are so similar to Hylambates
marmoratus (Dum. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1854, p. 162), as to lead me to be-
lieve that this frog also should be referred to Polypedates natalensis
of Smith.

145

d. Adult femalc>. Natal. Presented by Sir A. Smith. (Type of

e. Young-. South Africa.

•J" tl',?; w'lf/''™''";, JPi-e«ented by Sir A. Smith.
i: \ ■ IV '^^"«'^- I^'-c^^tcd by Sir A. Smith.

A u V "'■'''•.. Presented by Sir A. Smith.
: \fl ^;™'^ •-'■ P^-^«™^"^ '-y the College of Surgeons.
/- Adult female. Presented l)y Sir A. Smith.

lx% wh^t^r """""^ ^""^^'^ ^''^' ^^'^^^ ^^"^S^t^d ^^-'th black;
/. Adidt. Fernando Po. From Mr. Fraser's Collection.

l*age 91. Hylodes lineatus.

e'. Half-grown. St. Domingo. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 92. Hylodes martiiiicensis.
'^'^' >SMi. ""' '""'-«™^"^- '^f ■ ^"^"igo. Presented by Sir A.

Page 93. 6rt. Hylodes fltzingeri.
Schmidt, Dmkschr. Acad. Wiss. JFien, 1858, p. 248. t. 1. f. 10.
Habit slender. Back smooth, sides STanidated • d^l-^ a;.v 4-
Vomerine teeth in a straight series, inteC^S fn the^nid^^^'^a
rudimentary web between the toes. Above cre.-ish 1™ t^-f^

black «Po^ and streaks; beneath yeUowish,^4hsoredaiTs;eT^s
Andes of New Granada (4000 feet). ^ '^''•

Page 97.

IS^- ^'^'f.f, describes two other species of Litoria (Ann. Sc. Nat
1853, p. 149), but he does not mention whether the first S<.er is
opposite to the three others, as in L.freycineti and nas^Ua More
over the toes are broader-webbed than in those two spedes.'

3. Litoria punctata.

Dumiril, I. c.

Head rather broad and short; back smooth; on each side with «
smaU glandidar fold ; nostril in the middle between the c'e aXhe
top of .snout; vomenne teeth in two obhque series- toes neirlv
tl^: Tyl:;:. ''^^^^^^^^-^ ^^^ scattered Uuer o; ^JeiXck^

4. Litoria marmorata.

Dtimrril, I. c. p. 150.
Head l)road and short ; upper parts with scattered warts ; no glau-

146 REPTILES.

(Mar fold ; nostril in the middle between the eye and the top of the
snout ; vonieiine teeth in two oblique series ; toes neariy entirely
webbed. Back marbled with black. New Holland.

Page 99. Hyla geographica.
g. Adult. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 100. — 5«. Hyla pugnax.

Schmidt, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Ww», 1858, p. 243. t. 1. f. 5, 6.

Fore-foot with a very distinct and partly free and moveable rudi-
ment of a thumb ; fingers webbed between the first phalanges ;
back smooth, no fold across the chest ; head broad, short, depressed ;
loreal region grooved. Above greyish, finely marbled mth brown-
ish ; sides of the body and of the thighs with irregular brownish
cross-streaks. Chiriqui River.

Page 101. Hyla multifasciata.

Tliis is only a variety of H. boa us with very pronounced cross-
bands.

Page 102. Hyla boans. (Plate VIII. fig. D.)

6. Adult. Brazil. Purchased of M. Parzudaki. Cro.ss-bands very

indistinct.
c. Large specimen. Pemambuco. Presented by Sir A. Smith. No

cross-bands.

Page 106. Hyla haudinii.

c'. Adidt. Mexico. Purchased of M. Parzudaki.

V. Very large specimen. Pernambiico. Presented by Sir A. Smith.

Page 106. — 24 rt. Hyla splendens.

Schmidt, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, 1858, p. 244. t. 1. f. 7.

Vomerine teeth between the inner nostrils ; a nxdimentary wel)
between the tAvo outer fingers ; toes two-thii'ds webbed ; no rudi-
mentaiy thumb. The first cuneiform bone prominent. Above
covered with small flat tubercles ; a fold across the chest. YeUow-
ish-greenish, sliining ; sides of the ujjper legs, hinder part of the
upper arm, and upper part of the foot marbled with black. Central
America.

Page 109. Hyla euphorbiacea.

b'. Adult male. Cordilleras. Piu'chnsed of il. Parzudaki.

APTENIJIX.

147

Page 110. 30 a. Hyla molitor.

Schmidt, I. c. p. 245. t. 1. f. 8, 9.

Vomerine teeth between the nostrils ; fingers slightly, toes entirely
webbed. Ui)per parts quite smooth ; no fold across the chest.
Above uniform greyish blue ; canthus rostralis with a narrow finely
punctate streak ; sometimes some blackish variegations on the sides
and on the upper legs. Central America.

Schmidt mentions (p. 246) a variety of this species, marbled with
black on the back.

Page 111. Hyla ewingii.
u. Adult. Australia. Purchased of M. Parzudaki as Hyla lesneurii.

z2

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

acephalus, 53.

achatina, 121.

Acris, 70, 71, 91, 97.

acutirostris, 69.

adelaidensis, 113.

adspersa, 7.

alfinis, 97.

afg^hana, 81.

africaua, 26.

Aglossa, 1.

agrestis, 105.

agua, 65, 141.

albifrons, 45.

albolabris, 73.

albomarginata, 98.

albonotatiis, 91.

albopiuK-tatiis, 39.

alliaca, 40.

alpiua ( liana), 12.

alpinus (Rufo), 55.

Alsodes, 40, 42.

Alji:es, 34, 35, 37.

Alytidffi, 37.

americana (Pipa'), 3.

amerieamis (Biito), 63, 140.

americauus (Pyxicephalus), 24.

angusticeps, 59.

anomalus, 57.

appendiculatus, 79.

aiabicu.s, 59. ^

arborea, 107.

argus, 87.

argyi-eivittis, 30.

Arthroleptis. 135.

aJ•^•ali.s, 10.

a.sper, f>2.

A.sterodactvlus, 2.

Astcropbrvdidse, 37, 135.
AHteriiplii-\s, 37.
Atulopus, 45, 47, 48.
aubrvi, 89, 144.
Auletris, 98.
aurantiaca, 106.
aui-ea, 114.

avu'ifasciatus, 74, 143.
aiistralis (Cbirolepte>;), 34.
australis rPhrynisciis), 46.
australis (Pseudophryne), 45.
austrasiag, 119,

baleata, 122.
Batrachyla, 93.
baudinii, 105.
bengalensis (Bufo), 61.
bengalensis (Dactylethra), 11.
bibronii (Borboroccetes), 31.
bibronii (Cystignathiisj, 31.
bibronii (Phrj-niscus), 137.
bibronii (Plem-odema), 31, 1.34.
bibronii (Pseudophrvne), 46, 137
bibronii (Rana), 18."
bicolor (Eucnemis), 89.
bicolor (Ox_n-hracluis), 51.
bicolor (Phyllobates), 90.
bicolor (PbyllomediLsa), 120.
bifasciatus, 124.
bilineata, 105.
biocidata, 113.
biporcatus, 62, 140.
bivittatiis rHyL'cdactvlus), 123.
bivittatns (Hyprrolius), 87.
boans (Calauiita ), 104.
boans fHyla), 102.
boiei (Ceratoplirv.*). 25.

150

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

boiei (Xenopus), 2.

bombina, 41.

Bombinator, .38, 40, 41, 122.

BombiBatoridae, 40.

Bonibinatoi-iiia, 40.

Boopbis, 82.

Borborocoete?, '30.

BrachycepbalidiB, 45.

Brachyccphalina, 42.

Braehyceplialus, 45, 46.

BracliymeridjT?, 124.

Bracbymerus, 124.

brania, 10.

Breviceps, 51, 52, 53.

breviceps, 53.

brevipes, 41.

brunnea, 117.

bucephalus, 144.

biilina, 58.

Bufo, 1, 54, 55.

bufo, 55.

bufonia (Hyla), 104.

bufoiiia (Pipa), 2.

bufouia (Rana), 51.

Bufouidse, 54.

Bufbnina, 47.

biifonivun (Pleiu'odema), 31.

biirgeri, 80.

Biirgeria, 77.

cacbiunans, 12.

Calamita, 98.

calamita, 57.

Calamites, 98.

calcarata (Rana), 12.

caliginosiis, 28.

Caly|3toceplialus, 4, 21.

campanisona, 38.

cancrivora, 10.

capensis (Dactylethra), 2.

capistrata, 106.

carens, 138.

carinatus, 61.

carolinense (Engystoina), 51.

carolinensis (Hyla), 105.

castanea, 91.

catesbiana, 15.

celebensis, 60.

Centrotekna, 98.

Ceratophryne, 34, 37, 136.

Ceratopbry.?, 5, 24, 36, 37.

chalconota, 73.

Cbaunus, 4;3.

Chelydobati-acbus, 51, 53.

cbUensis, 56, 139.

Cbiroleptes, 34.

Chiromantis, 70, 84.

Cblorophilus, 97.

cinctus, 64.

cinereiis (Bixfo), 55, 139.

cinereus (Calaniita), 105.

citropus, 115.

clamata, 14, 131.

clamitans, 14.

clypeata, 24.

coeriileus, 119.

communis (Bufo), 38.

conspiciUatus, 92.

coriacea, 27.

Cornufer, 70, 84.

comuta (Ceratophrys), 24.

comutus (Bufo), 25.

comutus (Stombus), 25.

corticalis, 105.

crepitans, 99.

Crinia, 27.

C'rossodactylus, 90.

cruciatus, 57.

cruciger (Phryniscus), 41, 136.

cruciger (Polypedates), 78.

cnientatus, 62.

Cultripes, 40.

cultripes, 41.

cmiicuni, -3.

cutipora, 11.

cyauea, 119.

Cyclorbanipbus, 4, 21, 22.

cynocephala, 103.

Cystignathidte, 26.

Cystignatbus, 26, 31, 32, 91, 97.

Dactyletbra, 1.
Dactyletbridse, 1.
darwinii ( Pleiu'odema), 31.
darwinii (Rhinoderma), 48, 137.
daudini (Ceratopbrys), 25.
daudiui (Rana), 35.
delalaudii (Rana), 19, 20.
delalandii (Tomoptema), 19.
Deudrobates, 124.
Dendrobyas, 98, 117.
Diplopelnia, 47, 50.
Diplosiphona, 3.
Discoglossidse, 34.
Discoglossus, 33, 34, 35.
dominicensis, 118.
d'orbignyi, 67.
dorsalis (Bufo), 64.
dorsalis (Cornufer), 84.
dorsalis (Eucnemis), 86.
dorsalis (Linmodynastes), 33.
dorsalis (Rana), 71.
dorsalis (Rbinophryiius), 127.
dorsata (Ceratopbiys), 24.

ALI'UAliKTICAL INDEX.

151

dorsatum (Engystoma), 53.
dorsigera, 3.
doumercii, 101.
dumerilii, 137.

elegans (Ilyla), 112.

elegans (Pleui-odema), 31.

Elosia, 70, 84.

Eugystonia, 46, 48, 50, 51, 62.

Engystomatidse, 51.

Ephipjiifer, 40.

ephippiiim, 46.

eques, 80.

ei'ytbra3a, 73.

escideuta, 12.

Eucnemis, 85.

euphorbiacea, 109.

ewingii, 111.

eyrei, 39.

faber, 100.

faseiata (Ilyhi), 100.

fasciata (Raiia), 20.

feniorali.s. 111.

titzingeri, 14^5.

flavesceiis (Atelopus), 48.

flavo\-indis (Hyperolius), 87.

flavoviridis (Rana), 14.

foutiiialis, 14, 131.

tbnuosus, 43.

fcetidissima, 57.

fomasinii, 87.

freycmeti, 97.

fi'ontali.'i, 112.

fuliginosus, 22.

fusca (Tlyhi), 107.

fusca (Rana), 91.

fuscigida, 18.

fiisciis (Cystignatbus), 28.

fiiscus ( Limnocbaris), 23.

fuscus (Pelobates), 40.

galamensis, 19.

gargarizans, 56.

gariepen.si8,- 139.

Gash'otheca, 115.

gaudicbaudii, 90.

gayi, 21, 133.

geogi-apbica (Hyla), 99.

geogi'apbicas(Trachyeepbalu.s), 1 18.

gibbosiL'!, 53.

gigafi, 27.

glandulosa, 96.

gouldii, 53.

goudotii, 82.

gracilis (Cystignatbus), 28.

gracilis (Rana), 20.

granosa (Ceratophrys), 25.
gi-anosum (Engystoma), 53.
gnmuld.^iis, (.;»;, 07.
gTiiu (Bovborocfftes), 30.
gi'ayi (Rana), 18.
grogaria, 28.
gruuniens, 10.
gryllus, 71, 142.
guineensis, 59.
guttatiim (Heniisus), 47.
guttatus (Ixalus), 76.
guttidatus, 86.
gutturosus, 67.

halecina, IS, 131.

Ilaplosipbona, 1.

hasseltii, 36.

Heleioponis, 37, 38.

HemipbractiLs, 24.

Hemisus, 45, 47.

Hetei'oglossa, 5, 2ii.

bexadactyla, 11.

hispanica, 12.

boriconensis, 131.

bonidiLS, 65.

borstockii, 85.

bimieralis, 65.

Hyas, 98.

bydromedasa, 10.

Hyla, 72, 74, 77, 82, 84, 89, 96,

115.
Hylsedactylidfe, 122.
Hylffidactylus, 122.
Hylfemoi-pbus, 43, 137.
Hylaplesia, 121, 124.
Hylaplesidffi, 124.
Hylaplesina, 122.
Hylaraua, 70, 71.
Hylidaj, 96.
Hvlina, 70.

IlVlodes, 71, 90, 91, 93.
llylodidse, 90.
Ilylomedusa, 98.
Hylorhina, 5, 23.
Hyperolius, 70, 85.
bypocbondrialis, 120.
Hj-psiboas, 82, 98, 117.

ictericus, 65.
igneiis, 41.
inf'idata, 98.
intennediu.?, 140.
isos, 62.
Ixalus, 70, 74.

jaeksoniensis, 114.
jei-visieusis, 113.

152

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

juiif.'-hulinii, 82.

Kalopliryiuis, 54.
Kaloula," 122.
kelaartii, 140.
Imhlii (Rana), 8.

labyrinthicum, 31, 134.
lactea, 106.
langsdorfii, 98.
laterali.s (Hyla), 105.
lateralis (Ilylaplesia), 126.
lateralis (Schismademia), l;38.
lateristrig-a, 112.
laticeps, 92.
Ifevis (Dactylethra), 2.
las vis (Ox3'glossus), 7.
Ifevis (Phryniscus), 4S.
lazarus, 65.
lecontii, 15.
Leiupems, 4, 22, 185.
leutigiuosus, 03, 140.
leprieurii, 101,
Leptobrac-hiuni, 34, 36.
Leptodact^iiis, 28.
Leptopelis, 71, 89.
Leptopiis, 1, 2.
leptopus, 93.
leschenaultii (Bufo), 64.
lesclienaxdtii (Raua), 11.
leschenaiiltii (Systoma), 49.
leuccmelas, 110.
leucoinystax, 78.
leucophyllata, 112.
leucorhiuiis, 75.
levaillantii, 102.
lichenatiis, 118.
liclieiiosa, 102.
lima, 6.

Limiiocliaris, 4, 23.
Limnodynastes, 26, 32.
Limnodytes, 72.
lineatus, 91.
Litoria, 93, 96.
Lophopus, 98.
lugubris, 125.
luteola (Ilyla), 107.
luteolus (Hylodes), 93.

macrodactyla, 72.
macrodon, 8.
maculatus, 78.
maculiventris, 65.
madagascariensis (Tlylaraua), 73.
madagascariensis (Hyperolius), 88.
malaDarica, 11, 142.
margaritifcr, 69, 142.

margiuatus, 87.
marina, 65.
maritima, 12.

marmorata (Bombiuator), 40.
mavmorata (Hyla), 104.
marmorata (^Litoria), 145.
marmorata (Tomopterua), 7.
marmorata (Uperoleia), 39.
marmoratmn (JEngystoma), 46.
mannoratiira (Uperodon), 49.
inarmoratus (Cyclorbamplms), 21,

marmoratus (Hylambates), 144.

marmoratus (II;\ioerolius), 85.

mainionilus (LriupL'rus), 22.

marmoratus (Trachycephalus), 117.

marsupiatum, 116.

martinicensis, 92.

masrareuiensis, 18.

maxima (Hyla), 99.

maximus ( llhacophorus ), 83.

Megalophrys, 34, 36.

megastoma, 25.

melauorrbimis, 91.

melanostictus, 61.

melauotis, 64, 141.

nu'phitica, 57.

mcriaua (Rana), 104.

merianre (Pseudis), 5.

Micrliyla, 121.

Micrhylidfe, 121.

Micrhylina, 121.

Microiiyla, 121.

Microps, 51.

microps (Engystoma), 52.

microps (Stenocepbalus), 51.

microtpnpauimi, 77.

minor, 41.

minuta, 6.

modestus, 88, 144.

molitor, 147.

montaua, 36.

mouticola, 42.

mugiens, 15, 27, 132.

niiilleri (Dactylethra), 2.

multifasciata, 101, 146.

musicus, 63.

muta, 16.

Myobatracliiis, 3.

mj-stacea, 27.

uaricus, 69.

nasus, 84.

nasuta (Ceratoplirync), 136.

nasuta (Elosia), 84.

nasuta (Pelodytes), 97.

nasutus (Bufo), 69.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

153

uatalunsis (Loptopelis), 144.
iiatak'nais (Stfuorhynchiis), 133.
nataleiisis (Toniopterna), 129.
natator, 75.
nebulifer, 66.
nebulosa, 107.
nigi'icaii.s, 4^3.
nigi'ita, 97.
nijfromaculatus, 1 18.
noddsiis, 2'. I, 1:54.
Notodelpliys, 96, 117.
Nototreina", 96, 115.

obsciu'iLs, 126.
ob.stcti'ican.s, 38.
occipitalis, 130.
ocellatus (Eiifo), 64.
ocellatus (Cystigiiatlius), 27.
ocellatus (Ilyperoliiis), 88.
olfersii, 45.
olivaeeiim, 51.
Opistliodelpbys, 117.
Opisthog'lowa, 4.
Oi'chestes, 74.
oniata (Ceratoplivys), 25.
omattmi (Diplopelma), 50.
omatus (l?ul(i), 04, 141.
oruatus (Cystig-uathiis), 28.
oniatus (Liiunodjiiastes), 33.
Otilophus, 54, 69.
ovale, 51.
OA'ifera, 117.
oxydactylus, 2.
Oxyg'lo.ssus, 4, 0.
ox\Thinus (Raua), 16.
Ox}t1i}iic1ius, 51.
oxjThjTichus (Rana), 19.
oxyrbyncbius (Biifo), 09.
oxjTlijTichus (Hylodes), 92.

pacliydermu.s, 136.
pach}-pu3 (Bombiuator), 41.
pachypus (Cystiguathus), 27.
palmariim, 55.
palmata, 99.
palmipes, 12.
palustris, 13, 14, 131.
pantlierimis, 59, 139.
paradoxa (I'seudi.s), 5.
piiradoxiis (Myobatracbus), 3.
paralleliis, 86.
pavdalis (Hyla), 99.
pai-dalis (Rana), 131.
pardalis (Rhacoplioius), 83.
Pelobate8, 40.
Pelodvtes, .34, 35, 96, 97.
Pelodr\ adidfo, 119.

Pelodryas, 119.
Peltocepbalus, 21.
peltoceplialus, 67.
penusilvanica, 17.
pcntadactvla, 27.
Perialia, 32, 39.
perlata, 69.

peronii (Cystignathus), 134.
poronii (Hyla), 113.
pcruvianiis, 42.
Pbirix, 136.
Pbrynidivmi, 43.
Phrjniscidaj, 42.
PhrynLscus, 43, 45.
Pbr^Tiocei'os, 24.
Pbyllobates, 90.
Plivllod\i:es, 98.
PlivUomedusa, 120.
PliylloiniMliLsidje, 120.
picki'i-iii^iii, 71, 142.
picta (Ilylaplesia), 125.
picta (Kaloula), l23.
picta (Raua), 10.
pictiis (Discoglossus), 35.
Pipa, 1, 2.
PipidiB, 2.
pipiens, 13, 15, 132.
Pithecopsis, 4, 22.
Platj-dactyla, 70.
Platymantis, 90, 93.
platyrhiniis, 16.
Plectropus, 122.
Pleiu-odema, 26, 31..
pleiu'opterus, 142.
pleurostigma, 54.
plicata (Rana), 35.
plicatus (Hj'perolius), 88.
plicifera, 95.
pcBcilopIeiu'us, 75.
Polypedates, 70, 72, 77.
Pol\-pedatidae, 70.
portentosa, 57.
prasina, 105.
proboscideus, 69.
Proteroglossa, 127.
Pi'oteiis, 5.
pro^incialis, 41.
Pseudacris, 96, 97.
Pseudis, 4, 5, 35.
Pseudophryne, 45.
pugnax, 146.
puichra, 123.
pumila, 106.
puuiilio, 126.
l)imctata(FIyla), 89, 101.
punctata (Litoria), 145.
punctatiLs (Pelodytes), 35.

154

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

pyg-msea, 27.
Pyxicephaliis, 5, 7, 24.

quadrilineatus, 79.
quoyi, 21.

Eana, 4, 8.

Eanidte, 4.

Kanina, 4.

ranirms, 5.

Ranoiclea, 98.

reiuwardtii, 82, 83.

Ehacopliorus, 70, 82.

Rliinodemia, 47.

Rhinoplir^Tiidse, 127.

Rhinophr^Tiina, 127.

EliinophryBvis, 127.

rhodopepla, 112.

ricordii, 92.

ridibunda, 12.

roseiis, 134.

rubella (Hyla), 111.

rubella (Rana), 27.

rubeta, 55, 57.

rubra (Dendroliyas), 106.

rubra (Hyla), 110.

rugiceps, 25.

rugosa (Rana), 11.

mgosum (Engystoma), 52.

rugosus (Polypedates), 78, 79.

sagittifer, 135.
salarius, 22.
.sardoa, 35.
sardus, 35.
scaber, 61, 65.
Scapbiopus, 37, 38.
Schismademia, 138.
schlegelii, 81, 109.
schneideri, 91.
scbomburgkii, 29.
Scinax, 98.
scotica, 16.
scutata, 26.
senegalensis, 30.
septentrionalii5, 117.
seycbellensis, 89.
sibilatrix, 27.
silvatica (Hylorbiua), 23.
silvatica (Rana), 17, 132.
simus, 139.
Siphneus, 50.
sitibunda, 58.
solitarius, 38, 136.
speciosa, 126.
Spbsenorbynclius, 98.
spinulosus, 56.

spixii, 46.
splendens, 146.
squirella, 111.
stellatus, 65.
Stenocepbalus, 51.
Stenorbynchus, 133.
sternosiguatus, 68.
Stombus, 24.
Strougylopus, 8.
strmnosus, 67.
subsaltans, 10.
subsigillata, 7.
subversicolor, 80.
superciliarLs, 17, 132.
surinamensis, 51.
Systoma, 48, 52.

tffiuiatus (Cystignatlius), 29.
tseniatus (Hj'perolius), 87.
tasmaniensis, 33.
tedo, 3.

Telmatobius, 40, 42.
temporaria, 16.
tephrseomystax, 143.
terrestris, 63.
tettensis, 87.
tbaid, 56.
tibiati-ix, 104.
tigrina, 9, 12.
tinctoria, 124.
Tomoptema, 4, 7.
Tracbycephalus, 96, 117.
Trigonophrys, 25.
tri\-ittatu8, 124.
tuberosus, 60.
tui'picola, 37.
tj'phonia (Raua), 28.
typhonius (Bufoj, 69.

imicolor (Comufer), 84.
unicolor (Microps), 51.
Uperodou, 25, 47, 48.
Uperoleia, 39.
Uperoliidpe, 39.

varia (C'eratophrvs), 24.
variabilis (Bufo); 58, 139.
variabilis (Ixalus), 74.
variolosa, lOl.
varius (Atelopus), 45.
varius (Phryniscus), 45, 137.
vauterii, 106.
veuulosa, 104.
veraguensis, 142.
verreauxii, 115.
verrucosa (Ilyla), 103.
verrucosus (Breviceps), 52.

ALPHABETICAL INDKX.

155

verrucosus (Ilyperolius), 144.

versicolor, 108.

vertebralis, 138.

virpinica, 28.

viriditiavus, 85.

viridis (Bufo), 57, 58, 139.

YindiH (Hyla), 81, 105, 107.

vii-idis (Kana), 12.

vitianus, 93.

vittigrera, 9.

vulgaris (Bufo), 55, 139.

Wagleria, 32.
wahlbergii, 135.

Xenopus, 1.
X-signata, 110.
xerampelina, 85.
xerophylla, 100.

zebra (Hyla), 110.
zebra (Rana), 100, 104.
zonalis, 104.

THE END.

PRINTED BY TAILOR AND FRANCIS,
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREF,T.

EERATA.

Page 7, line 13, read toes with half or short web instead of toes half-
webbed.

7, ,. 27, ,, App. 'p. '22>, instead of -pX. '2^.

11, ,, 28, a. Adidt. ? is to he erased.

12, ,, 2, read twice as long instead o/half as long.
22, ,, Q from bottom: 2. is to he erased.
68, „ 15, read fig. C,C, C C, jwsi'ert'f/ o/fig. C.
71, „ 2, ,. toes half -webbed or less /or broadly webbed.
77, „ 31. „ third M2Sfe«<? 0/ fourth.
80, ,, 9, ,, heel instead of \eA.
80, ,, 22, after warts «c?£? heel with a cutaneous spur.
89, ,, 24, read toes half- webbed or less /or broadly webbed.
92, „ 14/ro«t bottom: read Axm. Sc. Nat. 1854 /or Catal.

LIST OF PLATES.

Plate I.

Fig. A. Oxyglossus Ijevis, Gthr., p. 7.

Fig. a, a. , mouth and foot.

Fig. B. Rana superciliaris, Gthr., p. 17.
Fig. b, b. , nioutli.

Plate II.

Fig. A. Tomopterna delalandii, Bihr., p. 133.

Fig. a. , mouth.

Fig. B. LimnodjTiastes tasmaniensis, Gthr., p. 33.

Fig. b. , mouth.

Fig. C. Hylarana macrodactyla, Gthr., p. 72.
Fig. c. , mouth.

Plate III.

Fig. A. Phryniscus Ifevis, Gthr., p. 43.
Fig. B. Phi-jTiiscus cruciger, Mart, p. 44.

Fig. b, b. , lateral view of the head and mouth.

Fig. C. Bufo tuberosus, Gthr., p. 60.

168 LIS<T OF PLATES.

Plate IV.
Fig. A. Ixalus variabilis, Glhr., p. 74. Uniformly coloured
variety.

Fig. a, a. , foot and moutli.

Fig. B. Spotted variety of the same species.

Fig. C. Ixalus natator, Gthr., p. 75. Spotted variety.

Fig. c, c. , foot and moutli.

Fig. D. Ixalus guttatus, Gthr., p. 76.

Plate V.
Fig. A. Bufo granulosus, Spix, p. 67.
Fig. B. Bufo gutturosus, Latr., p. 67.
Fig. C, C. Bufo sternosignatus, Gthr., p. 68. Adult : view ft-om

above and from beneath.
Fig. C, C. View from above and beneath, from a half-grown

.specimen of the same species.

Plate VI.
Fig. A. Polypedates microtympanuni, Gthr., p. 77.
Fig. B. Poh-pedates eques, Gthr., p. 80.
Fig. C'. Mouth of Poly|3edates schlegelii, Gthr., p. 81.
Fig. D. Rhacophorus pardalis, Gthr., p. 83.
Fiff. (1. , mouth.

Plate VII.
Fig. A. Hyperolius guttulatiis, Gthr., p. 86.

Fig. a. , fore-foot.

Fig. B. H^'perolius ocellatus, Gthr., p. 88.
Fig. C. Hyperolius plicatus, Gthr., p. 88.
Fig. c. . mouth.

LIST OF PLATES.

159

b

Fig. D. Hyla fasciata, Gthr., p. 100.

Fig. (1. , mouth.

Fig. E. Hyla rhodopepla, Gfhr., p. 112.

Plate VIII.

Fig. A. IIj-pproliiLs parallelus, Gthr., p. 86.

Fig. a. , mouth.

Fig. B. Platyuiantis plicifera, Gthr., p. 95.

Fig. h. , mouth and foot.

Fig. C. Plyla lichenosa, Gthr., p. 102.

Fig. r. , mouth.

Fig. D. Hyla boau.9, Baud., p. 146.

Fig. d. , mouth.

Plate IX.

Fig. A. Bufo intermedius, Gthr., p. 140.

Fig. B. Pelodryas coeruleus, White, p. 119.

Fig. h. Fore-foot of specimen m. of the same species.

Fig. C. Hyla arborea, var. chineusis, p. 108.

Fig. c. Fore-foot of the same variety.

Plate X.

Fig. A. Bufo kelaartii, Gthr., p. 140.

Fig. B. Nototrema marsupiatum, Diim. 8f Bibr. Female of the
spotted variety vnth the first beginning of the develop-
ment of the doi-sal pouch.

Fig. B'. The same : female of the uniform variety ^-ith the
pouch half-developed.

Fig. B". The same: female with the pouch filled with eggs.
The pouch is half-opened to show the eggs and the mem-
brane of the sac. Uniformlv coloured.

160 LIST OF PLATES.

Fig. C. Hyla euphorbiacea, male, Gthr., p. 109.
Fiff. c. • fore-foot.

Plate XI.
Rana occipitalis, Gthr., p. 130, with the view of the mouth, fore-
aud hind-foot.

Plate XII.

Rhinophrynus dorsalis. Bum. Sf Bibr., p. 127, with a front view
of the muzzle and a vertical cut through the head, to
show the shape of the tongue.

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CATALOGUES

OP

THE ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTION

IN

THE BRITISH MUSEUM.

I. VERTEBRATA.

List of Mammalia. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S.,F.L.S. &c 1843

Catalo^'iie of the Mammalia. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S. &c.
Part 1 . (Jetacea. 12rao, 1850. 4.v., with Plates.
Part 2. Seals. 12iuo, 1850. 1.9. Gd., with Woodcuts.
Part 3. Hoofed Quailrupeds. Section I. (Uiigidata fiirci-
peda). 12mo. 1852, with Plates of Genera, 12s.
This work contains the description of the genera and species,
and figures of the chief characters of the genera.

List of Mammalia and Birds of Nepaul, presented by B. IL
Hodgson, Esq., to the British Museum. By Dr. J. E Gray
and G. R. Gray. 12mo. 1346. 2s.

List of Genera of Birds. ByG. R.Gray, F.L.S. 12uio, 1855. 4s.

List of Birds. By G. R. Gray, F.L.S. , F.Z.S. &c.

Part 1. Raptorial. Edition 1, 18-14; edition 2, 1848. 3s.

Part 2. Passeres. Section L Fissirostres. 1848. 2s.

Part 3. Gallinre, Grallcc and Anseres. 1844. 2s. (Out of
Print.)

Part 3. Section I. Ramphastidie. 1855. Gd.

Part 4. Columbte. 1856. Is. [)d.

List of British Birds. By G. R. Gray, F.L.S. &e. 12mo. 1850. 4s.
List of the Eggs of British Birds. By G. R. Gray, F.L S &c
12mo, 1852. 2s. Gd.

Catalogue of Shield Reptiles. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S. &c.
Part 1. Testudinata. 4to. 1855. ^'1 : lOs. With figures
of all the new species, and of the skulls of the
different genera.

Catalogue of Reptiles. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S. &c.
Part 1. Tortoises, Crocodiles and Aniphisbxuians. 1844. Is
Part 2. Lizards. 1845. 3s. Gd.

Part 3, Snakes (Crotalida;, Viperidae, HydridaandBoidx).
12nio. 184y. 2s. 6(/.

Catalogue of Amphibia. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S.
Part 2. Batrachia Gradientia. 12mo, 1850. 2s. 6rf. With
Plates of the Skulls and Teeth.

Catalogue of Fish. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S.,F.L.S.,V.P.Z.S.
Part 1. Cartilaginous Fish. 12mo, 1851. 3s. With two
Plates.

These Catalogues of Reptiles, Amphibia, and Fish, contain
the characters of all the genera and species at present known ;
the latter are illustrated with figures of the genera.

Cataloijue of Fish, collected and described by L, T. Gronow.
12mo. 1854. 3s. 6d.

Catalogue of Lophobranchiate Fish. By Dr. J. J. Kaup. 12mo.
1856. 2s. With Plates.

Catalogue of Fish. By Dr. J. J. Kaup. 8vo. With many Plates.
Part 1. Apodes, &c. 185G. 10s.

List of British Fish ; with Synonyraa. Bv A.White, F.L.S. &c,
12mo. 1851. 3s.

List of Osteological Specimens. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S. &c.
and G. R. Gray, F.L.S. 12mo. 1847. 2s.

II. ANNULOSA.

Catalogue of Lepidoptera. By G. R. Gray, F.L.S., F.Z.S.
Part 1. Papilionida;, with coloured figures of the new spe-
cies. 4to. 1852. ^1 : 5s.

List of Lepidopterous Insects.

Parti. Papilionida;, &c. 12mo. 2nd edit. 1856. By G. R.
Gray, F.L.S.

Part 2. Erycinidfe, &c. 12mo. 1847. 9d. By E. Double-
day, F.L.S.

Part 3. Appendix to Papilionidse, Erycinidse, &c. 1848. 9c?.

List of Lepidopterous Insects, with descriptions of new species.
By Francis Walker, F.L.S.

Parti. Lepido])tera Heterocera. 12mo. 1854. 4s.
Part 2. 1854. 4s. 6d. Part 7- 1856. 4s. 6d.

Part 3. 1855. 3s. Part 8. 1856. 3s. 6d.

Part 4. 1855. 3s. Part 9. 1856. 4s.

Part 5. 1855. 4s. Part 10. 1857. 3s. 6d.

Part 6. 1855. 3s. 6d. Part 11. 1857. 3s. 6d.

3

List of British Lepidoptera ; with Synonyma. By J. F. Ste-
phens, F.L.S., and II. T. Stainton, M.E.S.

Part 1. 12mo. Ed. 2. 1856. 2s, Part 3. 1853. 9d.

Part 2. 1852. 2s. Part 4. 1854. 3s.

List of Ilymenopterous Insects. By F. Walker, F.L.S.

Part 1. Chalcididje. 12mo. 1846. Is. 6d.

Part 2. Additions to Chalcididae. 1848. 2s.

Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects. By F. Smith, M.E.S.
Parti. Andrenidae, &c. 12mo. 1853. 6s., with Plates.
Part 2. Apidse. 1854. 6s., with Plates.
Part 3. Mutillidae and PompihdiE. 1855. 6s., with Plates.
Part 4. Crabronidae, &c. 1856. 6s., with Plates.
Part 5. Vespidtc. 1857. 6s., with Plates.

Catalogue of British Hymenoptera. By F. Smith, M.E.S.
Part 1. Apidse. 12mo. 1855, 6s.

Catalogue of British Ichneumonidae. By Thomas Desvignes,

M.E.S. 12mo, 1856, Is. M.
List of British Acideate Hymenoptera ; with Synonyma, and the

description of some new species. By F.Smith. 1851. 2s,

Catalogue of Dipterous Insects. By F. Walker, F.L.S.
Parti. 12mo. 1848. Part 4. 1849. 6s,

3s. 6d. Part 5. Supplement I. 1854. 4s. 6d.

Part 2. 1849. 3s. 6d. Part 6. Supplement II. 1854. 3s.
Part 3. 1849. 3s. Part 7. Supplement III. 1855.3s.6rf.

Catalogue of Homopterous Insects. By F. Walker, F.L.S.
With Plates.

Parti. 12mo. 1850, 3s. 6rf. Part 3. 1851. 3s, 6rf,
Part 2. 1850. 5s, Part 4. 1852. 4s.

Catalogue of Neuropterous Insects. By F. Walker, F.L.S.
Part 1. 12mo. 1852. 2s. 6c?. Part 3. 1853. Is. 6rf.
Part 2. 1853. 3s. 6d. Part 4. 1853. Is.

Catalogue of Hemipterous Insects. BvW. S.Dallas, F.L.S. &c.
WithPlates, Part 1, 12mo. 1851. 7s. Part 2. 1852. 4s,

The Catalogues of Hymenopterous, Dipterous, Homopterous
and Hemipterous Insects contain the description of the species in
the Museum which appeared to be undescribed.

Catalogue of British Bruchidae, Curculionidse, &c. By John
Walton, F.L.S. 12mo. 1856.

Catalogue of Cassididse. By Professor Bohkman. 12mo.
1856. 3s,

Nomenclature of Coleopterous Insects (with characters of new
species).

Part 1. Cctoniadic. 12mo. 1847- Is. By A. White,

F.L.S. &c.
Part 2. Hvdrocanthari. 1847. Is. M. By A. White,

F L S
Part 3. Buprestidffi. 1848. Is. By A. White, F.L.S.
Part 4. Clerida;. 1849. Is. 8d. By A. White, F.L.S.
Parts. Cucujidffi. 1851. 6d. By F. Smith, M.E.S.
Part ('}. Passalidffi. 1852. 8d. By F. Smith, M.E.S.
Part 7- Longicornia. Bv A. White, F.L.S. With Plates.
Parti. 1853. 2s. (id. Part 2. 1855. 3s. 6d.
List of Myriapoda. By G.Newport, F.R.S. &c. 12mo. 1844. 4d.
Catalogue of Myriapoda. By G. Newport, F.Pi.S. &c.

Part 1. Chilopoda. 12mo. 185G. Is. Dd.
List of British Anoplnra, or Parasitic Insects ; with Synonyma.

By II. Denny. 12mo. Is.
List of Crustacea ; with Synonyma. By A. White. 1847. 2s.
List of British Crustacea ; with Svuonyma. By A.'White, F.L.S.

12mo. 1850. 2s. 6d.
Catalogue of Entozoa ; with Plates. By W. Baiud, M.D., F.L.S.

12mo. 1853. 2s.
Catalogue of British AVorms. By G. Johnston, M.D. 8vo.
185G. lOs. Yv'ith Plates.

III. MOLLUSCA.

Guide to the Collection of Mollusca, Bv Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S.

&c. 8vo. Part 1. 185C. 5s.
Catalogue of the MoUusca. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S. &c.
Parti. Cephalo])oda Antepedia. 12mo. 1849. 4s.
Part 2. Pteropoda. 1850. Is.
Catalogue of Bivalve Mollusca. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S. &c.
Parti. Placuniada; and Anomiadie. 12mo. 1850. 4d.
Part 2. BrachiopodaAncylopoda. 1853.3s. Figuresof genera.
Containing the characters of the recent and fossil genera, and
the descriptions of all the recent species at present known.
Catalogue of Phaneropncumona or Operculated Terrestrial Mol-
lusca. By Dr. Louis PpEiFFERanclDr. J. E.Gray. 1852.5s.
Catalogue of Conchifera. By M. Deshayes.

Part 1. VeneridiE, &c. 12mo. 1853.3s. Part 2. Petri-
colidfe. 6c?.

List of British Molliisca and Shells; with Synonyma. By
Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S.

Part 1. Acephala and Bracliiopoda. 12mo. 1851. 3s. Gd.

Catalogue of Pulmonata. By Dr. Louis Pkeiffkk and Dr.
J. E: Gray, F.R.S.

Part 1. 12uio. 1855. 23. 6d.

List of the Shells of the Canaries, described by M. D'Orbignv.
12mo. 1854. Is.

List of the Shells of Cuba, described by M. D'Orbigny. 12mo.
1851. Is.

List of the Shells of South America, described by M. D'Or-
big.vy. 12rao. 1854. 2s.

List of the MoUusca and Shells collected and described by
MM. Eydoux and Souleyet. r2mo. 1855. Sd.

Nomenclature of Mollusca. By Dr. W. Baird, F.L.S. &c.
Part 1. Cyclophoridaj. 12mo. 1851. Is. Gd.

IV. RADIATA.

Catalogue of Marine Polyzoa. By G. Busk, F.R.S.

Part 1. Chilostoma." 12mo. ' 1852. \7s. With Plates.
Part 2. Chilostoma. 12mo. 18.'}4. ir>s. With Plates.

List of British Radiata; with Svnonvnia. By Dr. J. E. Gr.\y,
F.R.S. 12mo. 1848. 4a-. "

List of British Sponges; with Svnonjma. By Dr. J. E. Gray,
F.R.S. 12mo. 1848. \0d.'

Catalogue of the Recent Echinida. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S.
Parti. Echinida irregularia. 12mo. 3*. 6rf., with Plates .

V. BRITISH ZOOLOGY.

List of the British Animals ; with Synonyma and references to
figures.

Part I. Radiata. By Dr. J. E. Gray. 1848. 4s.
Part 2. Sponges. By Dr. J. E. Gray. 1848. lOrf.
Part 3. Birds. Bv G. R. Gray. 1850. 4s.
Part 4. Crustacea." By A. White. 1850. 2s. Gd.
Part 5. Lepidoptera. By J. F. Stephens. 1850. Ed. 2.
1856. Is. 9d.

Part 6. Hymenoptera. By F. Smith. 1851. 2s.

Part 7. Mollusca Acephala and Brachiopoda. By Dr. J. E.

Gray. 1851. 3s. 6d.
Part 8. Fish. By A. White. 1851. 3s.
Part 9. Eggs of British Birds. By G. R. Gray. 1852.

2s. 6d.
Part 10. Lepidoptera (continued). By J. F. Stephens.

1852. 2s.
Part 11. Anoplura or Parasitic Insects. By H.Denny. Is.
Pai-t 12. Lepidoptera (continued). By J. F. Stephens.

1852. 9d.

Part 13. Nomenclature of Hymenoptera. By F. Smith.

1853. Is. 4d.

Part 14. Nomenclatme of Neuroptera. By A. White.

1853. 6d.
Part 15. Nomenclature of Diptera. By A. White. 1853. Is.
Part 16. Lepidoptera (completed). By H. T. Stainton,
M.E.S. 18.54. 3s.
Catalogue of British Hymenoptera (Bees). By F.Smith. 1855.

6s., with plates.
Catalogue of British Ichneumonidae. By Thomas Desvignes,

M.E.S. 12mo. 1856. Is. 9d.
Catalogue of British Bruchidae, Curculionidse, &c. By John

Walton, F.L.S. 12mo. 1856.
N.B. — These Catalogues can be obtained at the Secretary's Office
in the British Museum ; or through any Bookseller.

VI. Books illustrating or describing parts of
the Zoological Collections.

The Illustrated Natural History. By the Rev. J. G. Wood,
M.A., F.L.S. &c. New edition. 12mo. 1855.

Illustrations of Indian Zoology, from the Collection of Major-
General Thomas Hardwicke. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S.
Folio. 2 vols. 1830-1835.

Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. EcUted by Charles

Darwin, F.R.S. 4to. 1840-1844.
Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.SS. Erebus and Terror. Edited

by Sir John Richardson, M.D., F.R.S. &c., and Dr. J. E.

Gray, F.R.S. 4to. 1844-1845.
British Museum — Historical and Descriptive. 12mo. 1855.
Natural History of the Animal Kingdom. By W. S. Dallas,

F.L.S. &c. Post 8vo. 1855.

Zoological Miscellany. By W. E. Leach, M.D., F.R S 8vo
o vols.

Spicilegia Zoologica. ByDr. J. E. Gray,F.R.S. 4to. 18'>9-1830
Zoological Miscellany. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S. 8vo 1831*
Knowsley Menagerie. Part 2. Hoofed Animals. By Dr J e"
Gray, F.R.S. Folio. 1850. '

A Monograph of the Macropodida;. By John Gould F R S

loho. 1841-1844. '

Mammals of AustraUa. By John Gould, F.R.S. Folio. 1845.
Popular History of Mammalia. By A. White, F.L.S.
Popular History of Birds. By A. White, F.L.S.
Genera of Birds. By G. R. Gray, F.L.S. Illustrated by plates

by D. W. Mitchell, Sec. Z.S. Folio. 3 vols. 1844-1849.
The Birds of Jamaica. By P. H. Gosse, F.R.S. 8vo. 1847.
IlUistrations of the Birds of Jamaica. By P. H. Gosse F R S

8vo. 1849. , . . .

Monograph of Ramphastidae. By John Gould, F.R.S. Folio.

Birds of AustraUa. By John Gould, F.R.S. Folio. 1848.

Report on the Ichthyology of the Seas of China and Japan. By
Sir John Richardson, M.D., F.R.S. 8vo. 1846.

Fauna Boreah- Americana. The Fish. By Sir John Richard-
son, M.D., F.R.S. &c. 4to. 1836. With Plates.

Synopsis Reptihum. Part 1. Cataphracta. By Dr. J. E. Gray
F.R.S. 8vo. 1831.

Illustrations of British Entomology. By James F. Stephens.

F.L.S. 10 vols. 8vo. 1827-1835.
A Systematic Catalogue of British Insects. By J. F. Stephens

F.L.S. 8vo. 1829.

The Nomenclature of British Insects. By J. F. Stephens
F.L.S. 8vo. 1829 & 1833.

A Manual of British Coleoptera. By J. F. Stephens. F L S
12mo. 1839. > • •

Insecta Britannica. Diptera. By F. Walker, F.L.S. 8vo.

1851-1856.

Monographia Chalciditum. By F.Walker, F.L.S. 8vo. 1839.

Entomology of Australia. Parti. Phasmidse. By G.R.Gray.
F.L.S. 4to.

Synopsis of species of Phasmidse. By G. R. Gray, F.L.S. 8vo.
1835. ^ '

Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera. By Eowaud Doubleday,

F.L.S., and J. O. Westwood, F.L.S. Illustrated by W. C.

Hewitson. 4to. 2 vols. 1846-1830.
Mouographia AnopluroruQi BritanniiC, or British species of

Parasitic Insects. Bv Henry Denny, F.L.S. 8vo. With

Plates.
Fauna Boreali-Americana. The Insects. ByW. Kirby, F.R.S.

4to. 1837. With Coloured Plates.
Insecta Maderensia. By T. Vernon Wollastox, M. A., F.L.S.

4to. 1854. With Plates.
Malaeostraea Podophthalmia Britamiite. Bv W. E. Leach,

M.D., F.R.S. 4to. 1817-1821.
A IMonogra])h of the Subclass Cirripedia. ByCHARLE.s Darwin,

F.R.S. Svo. 2 vols. 1854.
Natural Historv of the British Entoniostraea. Bv W. Baird,

M.D., F.L.S.' &c. 8vo. 1850.
Figures of Molluscous Animals, for the use of Students. By

Maria E.mma Gray. 3 vols. Svo. 1850-1854.
A Synopsis of the MoUusca of Great Britain. By W. E. Leach,

M.D., F.R.S. Svo. 1852.
Catalogue of the Land Shells of Jamaica. Bv C. B. Adams.

Svo. IS51.
Catalogue of Testaceous Mollusca of the North-east Atlantic

and neighbouring Seas. Bv R. Mac.\ndrew, F.R.S. Svo.

1850.
Illustrations of the Geology of Yorkshire. By John Phillip.s,

F.R.S. 4to. 1836.
A Monograph of the Crag Mollusca. By Searles V. Wood,

F.G.S. 4to. 1850.
A History of British Starfishes. By Edward Forbes, F.R.S.

Svo.
A History of the British Zoophytes. By George Johnston,

M.D. Svo. 1838.— Ed. 2. Svo. 1847.
A History of British Sponges and Lithophytes. By George

Johnston, M.D. Svo. 1S42.
A Synopsis of the British Diatomacea;. By W. S.mith, F".L.S.

Svo. 2 vols. 1854-1856. The Plates by T. West.
Proceedings of the Zoological Society. Series 1 and 2.
Transactions of the Entomological Society.

May 1857.

"r