CATALOGUE

BIRDS

BEITISH MUSEUM.

YOLUIIE IV.

LONDON:

riil^TED BY OEDEE OF THE TRUSTEES.

1879.

CATALOGUE

PASSERIFORMES,

PEliCHING BIRDS,

/# ^ ^" ^^ COLLECTION

BRITISH MUSEUM.

CICHLOMORPH^: Part L

CONTAINING THE FAMILIES

CAMPOPHAGID.E AND MUSCICAPID^.

BY

E. B0A7DLER SHAKPE.

LONDON:
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.
1H79.

rRTNTED 15Y TATLOll AND FEANCIS,
KEI) LION COURT, FLEET STRLET.

PREFACE.

TnE Fourfch Volume of the ' Catalogue of Birds in the British

Museum ' has been prepared by Mr. E.. B. Sharpe, one of the

Senior Assistants in the Zoological Department, and author of

the three preceding volumes. It contains an account of all the

species of Campopliagidce and ^lusckajpidce known at present.

From the author's account it would appear that nearly one fourth

of the species kno^vn are still unrepresented in the British Museum ;

and the hojie may be expressed that ornithologists and collectors

will assist in rendering this part of the National collection more

complete than it is at present.

ALBERT GUNTHER,

Keeper of the Department of Zoohgy.

British Museum,
March 1879.

INTRODUCTION.

IiT the present volume the second group of the Passeriformes or
Perching-birds, containing the Ciclilomorphce, has been commenced,
and the first two families, consisting of the Cuckoo-Shrikes and
Fl)-catchers, have been described in detail. The total number of
species enumerated is 539, of which 443 are represented in the
Collection of the British Museum. A considerable proportion of the
missing species will no doubt ultimately be found to be identical
with others included in the present voliune. In many cases, the
absence of generic characters in the writings of the original dcscribers
of certain species has rendered it extremely difhcult to assign to them
their proper position with any degree of certainty.

Some idea of the way in which the number of described species
of these families has increased during the last ten years may be
gathered from the following facts, which also bear testimony to the
rapid increase of the ornithological collection in the British Museum
during the same period.

In 1869, when the last list of Campophagidce was published by
the late Mr. G. E. Gray, in the ' Hand-list of Birds,' the number of
described species was 87, of which 72 were in the Museum coUeo-
tion, represented by about 250 specimens.

In the present year the number of described species is 148, and
of these 127 are in the collection, represented by 514 specimens.

The number of described species of Muscicapidce in the year 1869

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

Order PASSEIUFOR MES.

Suborder PASSERES.

I. ACROMVODI.

a. Passeres normales.

Section TUEDIPOEMES.

Group I. CoLioMORpn.13.

Fam. PuioNOPiD-i:.

Page

Iff. Coclioa, Horlr/s 2

1. viridis, floch/s 2, 469

2. purpurea, Iluch/s 3

3. azurea, Tonm 4

10«. Phseoruis, Sduter 5

1. obscura, Gin 5

Groiq) 11. CiCHL05ionpnj<:.
Fam. Campophagid-i:.

1. Artamides, TIartl. 8

1. caledouicus, Gm 10

2. scbistaceus, Sharpe .... 11

3. larvatus, S. MiiU 11

4. sumatrensis, (S'. Miill. . . 12

0. pollens, Salmd. 1.3

6. personatus, S. Miill 13

7. parvulus, Salvad 14

8. Horis, Sharpe 14

1). cierideigriseus, Gray . . 1-5

10. temiuincki, <S'. Miill lo

11. magiiirostris, Bp 16

12. atriceps, S. Midi 16

13. bicolor, Temm 17

14. iovih, Salvad 18

15. striatus, BndJ 18

16. dobsoni, Ball 20

2. Campoebtera, SaJvad 21

1. sloetii, Schl 21

3. Pteropodocys, Gould 22

1. phasianella, Gould 22

Page

4. Graucalus, Cuvier 23

1. boyeri, Gray 25

2. suljalaris, Sharpe 26

3. caesius, Licht 26

4. azureus, Cuss 27

5. axillaris, Salrad 27

6. einereus, P. L. S. Mull. . 28

7. pectoralis, J. ^- S. 29

8. melanops, Luth 30, 469

a. parvirostris, Gould . . 32

9. leucopygius, Bp .33

10. javensls, Jlursf. 33, 469

11. inacii, Less 34

12. rex-pineti, Swiiih 35

13. bypoleucus, Gould .... 36

14. mentalis, V. ^- H. 37

15. papuensis, Gm 39

16. sclateri, Salvad. 40

17. lineatus, Swains 40

18. maforensis, Meyer 41

5. TiLd.o\\\somn,Jacq.^-Pucher. 42

1. caerulescens, Blyth . . 44, 469

2. nigrum. Gam 45

3. dispar, Salvad. 46

4. montanum, Meyer 46

5. ceramense, Bp 47

6. salvadorii, Shaipe 48

7. timoriense, Sharpe . . 49, 470

8. marginatum, TT^a^ 50

9. scbisticeps, Gray 50

10. obiense, Salvad. 51

11. aruense, Sharpe 52

12. incertum, Meyer 52

13. meyeri, Salvad. 53

14. remotum, Sharpe 54

15. morio, <S'. Miill 54

16. mindanense, Tweedd. , . 470

17. tenuirostre, Jard 55

18. nesiotis, Hartl. ^ Finsch 56

19. grayi, Sharpe 57

20. anale, Verr. l^- Des Murs 58

6. Lobotus, Beicheub 58

1. lobatus, Temm 58

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

Page

7. Campopliag-a, V. o9

1. purcaicoa, Lnfh o9

2. xantiioraoides, Less. . . GO

3. hartlaubi, Siih-ad G2

4. nigra, V. 02

5. quiscalina, I'insch .... 63
C. lugubris, Smulev. . . 65, 471

7. intermedia, Hume .... 66

8. saturata, Stcinh 66

9. melannptera, Riipp. . . 67
• 10. ueglecia, JItime . . 68, 471

11. polioptera, Sharpe. . 69, 471

8. Pericrocotus, Bote 70

1. speciosus, X(///i. .. 71,471

2. elegaus, J/' Clell 73

3. a.uA.tims.ViQws\&,Beav.SfTyt. 73

4. flaiiimifer, Hume .... 74

5. xanthogastei-, Raffl. . . 74

6. flanimeus, Former. . 75, 471

7. exsul, Tl'dll 76

8. peregiinus, L 76, 471

9. igneus, £/i/t/i 7S

10. brevirostris, Vig. . . 79, 471

11. neglectus, Hume 80

12. miniatus, Temm tO

13. roseus, V. 81

14. Solaris, Bh/th 82

1.5. griseigulaiis, Swmh. . . 83

16. cinereus, Lafr 83

17. irumodestus, Hume. ... 83

18. cantonensis, Swinh. . . 84

19. ervtliropvgius, Jerd. . . 8o

20. albifrons;/^^/. 80

9. Lalage, Buie 86

1. sykesi, Stn'ckl 89

a. melanothorax, Sharpe 91

2. nielauoleuca, Blyth. 91, 471

3. tricolor, Stcahis 92

4. atrovirens, Grai/ 93

5. timoriensis, S. MilU. . . 94

6. terat, Bodd. 95

7. paciiica, Gm 97

8. leucopygialis, Grot/ . . 98

9. leucoptera, Sc/il 99

10. wbitmeei, Sharpe .... 100

11. banlisiana, Grcnj 100

12. rutiveuter, Su-aim 101

1.3. newtoni, Pollen 102

14. iu<perata, Finsch .... 103

15. fimbriata, 2cmm. . 103, 472
a. culniiuata, A. Hay. . 104

16. moiiacha, H. Sf F. 105

17. leucomelteua, V. ^- H. 106

18. aurea, Temm 108

10. Symmorphus, Gould .... 109

1. Ifucopygiiis, Gould. . . . 109

2. naivius, Forster 109

Fani. M u s c I c A p I D ^^.

Page

1. Hemichelidon, Hodys. . . 120

1. sibirica, Gm 120

2. ferruginea, Hudys 122

2. Micrceca, Gould .'. 122

1. fosciuans. Lath 123

2. assiuiilis, Gould 124

3. flavovirescens, Gray . . 125

4. flaviiraster, ffow/(Z .... 126

3. Abeonax, Cab 12(5

1. latii-ostris, Raffl 127

2. adusta, Boie 129

3. ruininia, Heuyl. 129

4. coiiiitata, Cass 130

5. epulata, Cass 131

0. fantisiensis, Sharpe . . 131

7. muttui, Lai/ard 132

8. maudelli, Hume 472

4. Batis, Boie 133

1. capensis, L 133

2. seiiegaieosis, L 134

3. orientalis, Heuyl 136

4. miuuila, Bocuye 1.37

0. molitor, Hahn Hf K. . . 137

6. prii-it, V. 138

7. minima, J. Sf E. Verr. 139

5. Diaplioropliyia, Bp 140

1. castanea, Fraser 140

2. blissetti, Sharpe 141

3. coucreta, Hartl 142

6. Bias, Less 142

1. musicus, V. 142

7. Artomyias, J. df F. Vcrr. 144

1. fuliginosa. J. 4- E. Verr. 144

2. usslieri, Sharpe 144

8. Platystira, J. ^- S. 145

1. cyanea, P. L. S. Mull. 145

2. albifrons, Sharpe 147

3. peltata, Sunder 147

4. inentalis, Bocaqe 472

9. Xewlouia, Schl. h,- Poll. . . 148
1. brnnneicaiula, A. JS'eivf. 148

10. Muscicapa, L 149

1. riisi. Hartl 149

2. madagascarientiSjGra^f/. 149

3. cajruleocepliala, Scoj). . 149

4. luzoniensis, Scop 149

5. macrura. Scop 1J9

6. pliilippineusis, Gm 149

7. mauillen.-is, Scop 149

8. grisola, L 151, 473

9. finschi, Bocuye 473

10. gi'iseisticta, Suinh 153

11. aquatica, Heuyl 154

12. cffiriilescens, Hartl. . . 154
a. cinerasceus, Sharpe . 155

SYSTEMATIC »'DEX.

XIU

Pnge

13. lugens, Hartl l-lo

14. modesta, Ilurtl l.JG

15. sordida, Gvdw.-Aust. . . 156
1(). atricapilla, L 157, 473

17. collaris, Bechst 160

18. parva, Bechst 161

19. albicilla, rail 162

20. hvpeiytlira, Cub 163

11. Peti'ceca, Stream 164

1. leggii, Sharpe 105

2. phceuicea, Gould 166

3. multicolor, Gm 168

4. pusilla, Peak 168

5. similis, Gray 169

6. rliodinogastra, Drap. . . 170

7. rosea, Gould 170

8. goodenovii, V. ^- IT. . . 171

9. ramsayi, Sharpe 172

10. bicolor, V. S,- II. 173

a. picata, Gould 174

11. toitoi. Gam 174

12. luaci'ocephala, Gm 176

13. vittata, Q. Sr G 177

12. Pratincola, Koch 178

1. rubetia, L 179, 473

2. maciorhynclia, Stol. 182, 473

3. iusiguis,'i?///<// 183

4. borbonica, Bon/ 183

5. salax, J. lV E. 'Verr. . . 184

6. nibicola, L 185, 474

7. maura, Pall. 188

8. torqiiata, L 190

9. svbilla, L 191

10. hemprichi, !:/;/•('«&. .. 193

11. kniciira, Blyth 194

12. caprata, L 195

13. albifasciata, Piipp 198

13. Ervtlu-omyias, Sharpe 199

1. diimetoria, TJ'all 199

2. rauelleri, Blpfh 200

3. pvrrhonota, Miill. i^-
Schl. 200

14. PoliomjTia^, Sharpe .... 201

l.luteola, P«// 201

2. b..dgsoni, TV/r 203

15. Muscicapiila, Bli/fh 203

1. superciliaris, Jei-d 204

2. astisriua, Gray 205

3. hvpervtlii-a. Bli/th 206

4. niaculata, Tirk. 207

5. sappliiia, Tide 208

16. Sruicrornis, Gould 209

1. brevirostiis, Gould .... 209

2. flavescens, Gould .... 210

17. Gervgone, Gould 211

1. albigulai-is, Gould .... 212

Page

2. cinera.scens, Sharpe . . 212

3. inornata, li'ull. 213

4. simplex. Cab 213

5. flaveola. Cab 214

G. .sulfurea, Wall 214

7. hvpoxantba, Salrad. . . 215

18. Pseudogervgone, Sharpe. . 215

1. igata"; Q. 4- G 218

2. modesta, Pelz 219

3. ruficoUis, Saliad 219

4. culicivora, Gould 220

5. cinerea, Sahad. 2iO

6. brunneipectus, Sharpe. . 221

7. couspicillata. Gray .... 221

8. magnirostris, Gould. . . . 222

9. flavilateralis, Gray 222

10. fusea, &'o»/f7 223

11. lajvigastra, Goidd 223

12. albifrontata, Gray 224

13. rufescens, Salvad 225

14. rubra, Sharpe 225

15. chrysogastra, Gray .... 226

16. arfakiana, Salrad 226

17. notata, Salrad. 227

18. neglecta, IFall 227

19. trochiloides, Salvad. . . 228

20. maforensis, Mei/er .... 228

21. chloronota, Gvidd 229

22. poliocepbala, Salvad. . . 229

23. personata, Gould 229

24. palpebrosa, Wall. 230

19. Chasiempis, Cab 231

1. saudyicensis, Gm 232

2. dimidiata, H. ^- F. 232

20. Muscyh-a, Jacq. et Pitcher. 233
1. lessoni, Jacq. et Pucher. 233

21. Miro, Less 234

1. albifrons, Gm 235

2. australis, Sparrm 235

3. trayersi, Buller 236

22. Lanioturdus, Waferh 2.37

1. torquatus, Waterh 237

23. Metabolus, Bp 238

1. rugensis, H. S,- J. 238

24. Ileteromyias, Sharpe .... 239
1. ciuereifrons, liatnsay . . 239

25. Monachella, Salvad 240

1. muelleriana, Schl. .... 240

26. Poecilodryas, Gould 240

1. cernniyentiis, Gould . . 242

2. .siiperciliosa, Gould .... 242

3. ciuerea, Sharpe 243

4. bracliyiira, Sclater .... 243

5. liy]30k'uca, Crray 244

6. bimaculata, Salvad. .... 244

7. albiuotala, Salrad 245

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

Page

8. leucops, Salvad 245

9. capito, Gould 245

10. naua, Ramsay 24G

11. papuana, Meyer 247

27. Ilyliota, Swains 247

1. flavigastra, Sicaiii>i 248

2. violacea, J. iS- i?. J'err. . 248

28. Xanthopygia, J>'li/f}t 240

1. narcissina, Tcmm 249

2. tricoK.r, Hartl 250

3. cyauomelsena, Temm. . . 251

4. fuliginosa, J'iV/ 25-3

29. Tai-siger, Hodfis. 254

1. cyanurus, Pall 255

2. riililatus, Hodqs 256

8. hyperythrus, Blyth 257

4. hodgsoni, Moore 258

5. indicus, V. 259

6. chrysoeus, Hodgs 260

7. stel'latus, V. 261

30. Lioptilus, Cab m^

1. iiigricapillu.s, V. 262

2. olivasceiis, Cass 263

31. Oreicola, Bp 263

1. jerdoni, Blyth 264

2. melanoleuca, V. 265

3. feiTea, Grar/ 266

32. Stenostira, Cab. c)- Bp. . . 267
1. scita, V. 267

33. Parisoma, Strains 268

1. subcaeruleum, V. 2C)8

2. plumbeum, Hartl 269

3. layardi, JIarfl 270

34. AetLoniyiaj, Sharpe .... 271
1. spilodera, Gray 271

So. Chloropeta, Smith 272

1. natalensii?, Smith 272

2. icterina, Sunder 273

36. Hypotbyruis, Boie 273

l.'azurea, Bodd 274

2. occipitalis, Vig 275

3. ceylonensis, Sharpe .... 277

4. puella, Wall. 277

5. rowleyi, Meyer 278

6. superciliaris, Sharpe . . 278

37. Cyanomyias, Sharjie .... 278
1. ccelestis, Ttceedd. 278

38. Cbelidorh^Tix, Hodgs 279

1. hvpoxantba, Blyth .... 279

39. Todopsis, Bp 280

1. cyanocephala, Q. 8,G... 280

2. bonapaitii, Gray 281

3. luysoriensis, Meyer .... 282

4. wallacii, Gray 283

5. corouata, Goidd 284

40. ChenorharupbuSj Oust. , . 284

Page

l.grayi, Wall 284

41. Clytomyias, Sharpe 285

1. insiguis, SharjJe 285

42. Malurus, V. 285

1. cvaneiis, Illlis 286

2. gouldi, Sharpe 287

3. melanotu.?, Gould .... 288

4. callainiis, Gould 289

5. splendeus, Q. S,- G 289

6. leucoptems, Q. ^- G. .. 290

7. leuconotus, Gould .... 291

8. elegans, Gould 291

9. lauiberti, V. Sf H. 292

10. aniabilis, Goidd 293

11. pidcbevrimus, 6-Vi/W .. 294

12. corouatus, Goidd 295

13. melanocepbalus, V. Sf H. 296

14. doi'salis, Letvin 296

15. albiscapulatus, Meyer . . 297

43. Erytbrocercus, Hartl. 298

1. maccalli, Cass 298

2. livingstonii, Finsch i^-

Hartl 298

44. Trocbocei'cus, Cab 299

1. cyanomelas, V. 299

2. nitens, Cass 300

3. borbouicu.?, Gm 302

45. Rbipidura, Vig. ^ Horsf. 303

1. flabellifera, Gm 309

2. bulgeri, Layard 308

3. albiscapa, Goidd . . 310, 474

4. preissi, Cab 310

5. saturata, Shaijie 311

0. brencbleyi, Sharpe .... 311

7. pelzelni, Gray 312

8. verreauxi, Marie 312

9. .=pilodera, Gray 31.3

10. nielanolfeina, Sharpe . . 313

11. liubarii, i^iVi.sc/t 314

12. personata, liamsay .... 314

13. albilimbata, Salvad 315

14. Bcbulosa, Feale 315

15. fuliginosa, Sparrm 316

16. bl■acb^Tbnlcba, Schl. . . 316

17. albicoilis," V. 317

18. squamata, Mull. 8)- Schl. 318

19. elegantula, Sharpe 319

20. nilifroiis, Lath 319

21. versicolor, //. i^- F. 320

22. semirubra, Sclaler 321

23. scruicol]aris,iJ/M//.^-&/i/. 321

24. dryas, Gould 322

25. ruifidorsa, Met/er 322

26. lepida, H. S, F. 322

27. nifa, Salvad. 323

28. cyanic eps, Cass. , 323

SrSTEMATIC rXDEX.

Page

29. albiventris, Sharpe .... 324

30. phreiiicura, iWill. ^- Schl. 324

31. threuothoviix,Mun4Schl. 325

32. maculipectus, Grai/ .... 326

33. leucothorax, Salvad. , . 327

34. touruen-sis, Ifa/l 327

35. cinerea, Trail 328

36. perlata, S. Mull 328

37. setosa, Q. ^- G 329

38. assiniilis, Grai/ 330

39. koideusis, Mei/er 330

40. vidua, Sah-aeL Sf Turati 331

41. obiensis, Salvad. 331

42. rutiventi-is, V. 331

43. dUuta, TFa/; 332

44. javanica, 'S^rt;vv« 332

4o. uigritoi-quis, Vig 334

46. pectoralis, Jerd 335

47. layavdi, Salvad. 336

45. ervtlironota, Sharpe . . 337
49. rutilateralis, Sharpe . , 337
60. hypervthra, Gray .... 338

51. aibifrontata, JF'/Yw/c/. .. 338

52. tricolor, V. 339

46. Neomvias, Sharpe 342

1. euryiira, .S-. Miill .342

47. Zeocephus, Bp 342

1 . rufiis, Gra;/ 343

2. ciuuamomeus, Sharpe . . 343

3. cyanescens, Sharpe .... 343

48. Terpsiphone, Gloyer .... 344

1. paradisi, L 346

2. affiuis, Bhifh 349

3. incii, Gould 350

4. nnitita, Z 351

5. Tulpiiaa, E. Newt. . . . , 353

6. cristata, Gm 354

7. erythroptera, Sharpe . . 357

8. perspicillata, Swains. . . 357

9. tricolor, Fraser ...... 359

10. nig-riceps, Hartl. ...... 359

11. rutiventris, Swahts. ..... 360

12. princeps, Tetnm. 361

13. atricbalvbea, Thorns. . . 362

14. corv-ina," E. Newt 362

49. Elmiuia, Bp 363

1. loniricauda, Swains 363

2. teresita, Antin 364

.3. albicauda, Bocaye .... .364

50. Philentoraa, Erjton 365

1. velatum, Tcmm 365

2. pyrrbopterum, Temm.. . 360

51. lihiuomvias, Sharpe .... 367

1. pectorali-s, .5ff/i'rtf/. .308

2. ruticauda, Sharpe 368

52. Culicicapa, Sivinh 369

1. ceylonensis, Swains. . . 369

2. beliantbea. Wall 370

3. paaayeosis, Sharpe .... 371

53. Myiagra, V. S,- H. 371

1. rubecula, Lath 373

2. conciuna, Gould 374

3. nitida, Gould 375

4. \-\\^\eutxia, Elliot 376

5. albiventris, Peale 377

0. modesta, Graif .378

7. caledoaica, Bp 378

8. melanura, Gray 379

9. pluto, Finsch 330

10. atra, Meyer 380

11. latirostris, Gould 381

12. rufig-ula, Wall 382

13. 0(:e\m.ca.,Jacq.Sf-Pacher. 383

14. erytbrops, H. Sr F. . . . . 383

15. azareicapilla, Layard . . 383

16. ca?taueigularis, Layard 384

17. galeata, Gray 3S5

18. goramjusis, Sharpe .... 386

54. Pseudobias, Sharpe 3S6

1. wardi, Sharpe 386

55. Megabias, J. %■ E. Verr. . . 387
1. flammulatuSj/.L^-.E'.rerr. 387

56. Siuitbornis, Bp 388

1. capansis, Siitith 388

2. rutilateralis, Gray .... 389

57. MacbiBrorbvncbus, Gould' 390

1. flaviventer, Gould 390

2. xantbogeavs, Gray. . . . 391

3. albifrons, Gray 392

4. nigripectu.5, Schl 392

58» Cryptolopba, Swains 39-3

1. burkii, Burl 395

2. trivirgata, StricM. 396

3. cantatrix, 2wk 397

4. {\iW\yenter,Godw.-Aiist. 397

5. Rffims,Ilorsf.^Moore. . 398

6. xantboscbista, Gray . . 398

7. scbisticeps, Gray 400

8. Qiiyigu\a,vis,Goflw.-Aust. 474

9. ruficapilla, Sunder. . . . 400

10. umbrivireus, Eiipp 401

11. superciliaris, Tich 402

12. scbTvaaeri, Bli/th 403

13. poliogenys, Blyth 403

14. castaiieiceps, Gray .... 404

15. grammiceps, Sfrickl. . . 404

16. albigularis, 3Ioore .... 405

17. fulvitacies, Siiinh 406

18. bodgsoni, Moore 406

59. Sisura, V. S,- IL 407

1. iuquieta. Lath 407, 474

2. naua, Gould 408

SrSTEMATIC INDEX.

GO. Arses, Less

1. telesropl)thalmuSj6'«)

2. aiuoDsis, Sliarpe
Jj. batantic, >SJi(iip('

4. kaiipi, Gotdd . .

5. insulaiis, Meyer

61. Piezorbynclius, Gould

1. alecto, Tinini

2. nitidus, Guidd ....

3. rubieusis, Mojer . .

4. bernsteini, Scdvad.

5. niorrimeutum, Grai/
G. trivirgatus, Tcmm.

7. gouldi, Gniij ....

8. diadeuiatus, S(dvad.

9. bimaculatus, Gray

10. iiielaiiopterus, Gray

11. dichrous, Gray . .

12. verticalis, Sclater. .

13. guttulatiis, Gar».

14. morotensis, Sharpe

15. leucotis, Gould. . . .
10. pileatus, iSalvad. . .

17. loricatus, Tf'«//. . .

18. leucunis, Gray . .

19. iofelix, Sclater ....

20. axillaris, Salvad. . .

21. brebmi, Schl

22. cliiTsomelas, Garn.

23. kordensis, Meyer . .

24. aiueusis, Salvad. . .

62. Monarcba, V. SfH...

1. melanopsis, )'.....

2. canescen-s, Salvad.

3. frater, Sclater ....

4. inomatus, Gam.. .

5. goduflVo-s i, JIartl.

63. Peltops, irw/^

1. blamvillii, Garn.. .

64. Pomarea, i>yj

1. nigra, Sparrm

2. castaneiveiitris, J. Ve)

65. Stoparola, £lyth . .

Page

408
409
410
411
411
412
413
415
410
417
417
418
418
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425
426
426
426
427
427
428
429
430
431
431
431
432
433
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434
4.34
435
435

Page

1. indigo, Hbrsf. 436

2. albicaudata, Vc/f/ 437

3. coucreta, <S'. Midi. .... 437

4. melanops, Viy 438

5. tbalassinoides, Cab 439

6. panayensis, Sharpie .... 440

7. sordida, IValdcn 440

66. Siphia, IIud;/>: 441

1. hvacintliiiia, Temm. . . 44-3

2. pallidipes, Jerd 444

3. unicolor, Bhjth 444

4. rubeculoides, lly 445

5. elegaiis, Te^nm 447

6. tickelliffi, lilyth 447

7. baiiyumas, Ilorsf. .... 449

8. pbilippiiien-sis, >S7(ar/>e. . 450

9. siimatreusis, Sharpie . . 451

10. cisruleata, Bp 451

11. beccariana, Salvad. .... 4-52

12. turcosa, Bri'iyy 453

13. magnircstiis, Blyth. . . . 453

14. rufigula, Ifull 454

15. nigrorufa, Jerd 455

16. stropbiata, Hodgs 455

17. ruficauda, Swains 457

18. olivacea, Hume 457

19. albo-olivacea, Hume . . 457

67. Digeuea, Hodys 458

1. leucomelauura, Blyth . . 459

2. cerviniventris, Sharpe. . 460

3. moniliger, Hodys 460

4. submouiliger, Hume . . 461

5. solitaria, S. Mull 461

68. Niltava, Hodys 402

1. sundara, Hodys 463

2. vivida, S^vinh 463

3. grandis, Blyth 464

4. niacgrigoiite. Burton . . 465

69. Ca.?sinia, Hartl 466

1. fraseri, Stricld. 466

2. finscbi, Sharpe 467

3. semipartita, liiipj) 468

CATALOGUE

/<^ .*, 's ,^ -^x

% I R D S.

Order II. PASSERIFORMES. (Vol. iii. p. 1.)

Suborder I. PASSERES.

Group I. COLIOMOEPH^.

Fam. V. PRIONOPID^. (Vol. iii. p. 270.)

In the course of the examination of the families described in the
present volume, I have come to the conclusion that two genera at
least should belong to the Prionopidaj, and not to the families in
which they are generally placed. These are the genera Cochoa and
Phceornis, the fonner placed near NilUiva (Muscicapidae), and the
latter in Eoiisahria (Laniidae) by the late Mr. G. E. Gray.

The genus Cochoa must be inserted immediately after OralUna
(Cat. B. iii. p. 212) and between that genus and Tejihrodornis ; and
the key on p. 270 must be modified as follows : —

«. Distance between the primaries and the secondaries
gi-eater than the length of the tarsus.
a'. Wing short or moderate, falling short of the tip of
the tail by more than the length of the culmen ; no
eye-wattle.
a". Tail square or slightly rounded, shorter than the
wing.
a'". First primary moderate ; second primary longer
than the secondaries.
or*. Bill narrow, measuring at gape less than the

middle toe without claw Gkallina.

h*. Rill broader, measuring at gape as much as

middle toe without claw Cochoa.

The following will be the synonj-my and description necessary to
add in the <'ase of the last-named genus : —

PRIONOPID.E.

COCHOA. Type.

Cochoa, Hodgson, J. A. S. B. v. p. 359 (1836) C. viridia.

Oreas, Temm. 1838 {teste Gray) C. azurea.

Prosorinia, Hodgson, J.A.S. B. x. p. 28 (1841) {nom. emend.

pro Cochoa) C. viridis.

Xenogenys, Cabanis, Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 64 (1850) C. azurea.

Bill of Cochoa purpurea.
Range. Himalaya Mountains ; Fokien province, China ; Java.

Key to the Species.

it. Centre tail-feathers blue, tipped with black ; wings
with a speculum formed by the light blue bases to
the outer webs of the primaries.

a'. Back green ; head cobalt viridis, p. 2.

h'. Back purplish brown ; head lavender-grey purpurea, p. 3.

h. Centre tail-feathers dark blue, but not tipped with
black ; wings blackish, the feathers edged with blue,
biit not forming a conspicuous speculum azurea, p. 4.

1. Cochoa viridis.

Cochoa viridis, Hodgs. J. A. S. B. v. p. 359 ; Blyth, J. A. S. B. xv
p. 313 ; Gray Sf Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 280, pi. Ixviii. ; Bhjth, Cat
B. Mils. A. 'S. B. p. 194 ; Gray, Cat. Mamni. ^c. Nepal CoU
Hodqs. p. 96 ; Gould, B. Asia, part i. ; Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 243
Stoiiihoe, Ibis, 1868, p. 354 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 325, no. 4873 ,
Sicinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 374 ; i)avid ^ Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 214 ;
Inglis, Stray F. 1877, p. 37.

Prosorinia \nridis, Hodgs. J. A. S. B. xii. p. 450; B]}. Consp. i.
p. 350.

Adult. General colour above green, the feathers of the back and
scapulars with black tips, rather broader on the least and median
■wing-coverts, which arc like the back ; greater coverts green, broadly
tipped with black, and having an external margin of pale silvery
blue ; primary-coverts black, externally silvery blue for about half
their length ; quiUs black, silverj- blue along the outer web at its
base, the secondaries at the extreme basal part ochraceous brown ;
centre tail-feathers slaty blue, broadly tipped with black, the next
feathers black, slaty blue along the greater part of the outer web,
the outer feathers entirely black ; crown of head cobalt-blue, deeper
blue on the nape and hind neck ; feathers in front of the eye

blackish ; ear-coverts dark blue ; cheeks and under surface of body-
bluish green, shaded Avith cobalt on the breast, the under tail-
coverts greener ; under wing-coverts green , the greater ones near
the edge brown ; quills brown below, lighter along the inner web ;
" bill black ; legs flesh)- brown : iris brown" {Jerdon). Total length
11 inches, culmen 0-85, wing 5-4, tail -l-G, tarsus 1-1.
Hah. Eastern Himalayas ; Fokien, China.

«. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.],

2. Cochoa purpurea.

Cochoa purpurea, Hodgs. J. A. S. B. v. p. 359 ; Bbjth, J. A. S. B.
XV. p. 318 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 280 ; id. Cat. Mamm. ^c. Nepal
Coll. Hodgs. p. 96 ; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 195 ; Goidd,
B. Asia, part i. ; Horsf. <§• 3foore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 390 ;
Jerdon, B. India, ii. p. 243 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 325, no. 4872.

Prosorinia hodgsoni, Blyth, J. A. S. B. si. p. 182.

Prosorinia purpurea, Hodgs. J. A. S. B. xii. p. 450, cum fig. ; Bp.
Consp. i. p. 350.

Adult male. General colour above purplish brown, the wing-
coverts like the back, the greater series slightly washed with
lavender-grey on the outer web ; bastard plumes lavender-grey ; pri-
mary-coverts black, lavender-grey at base ; quills blackish, lavender
at base of outer web of the primaries and for a good part of the
same on the secondaries, the inner secondaries purplish brown like
the back ; tail lavender-grey, black at tip, the inner webs of the
outer feathers blackish ; head and nape lavender- blue ; lores, sides
of head, sides of face, and cheeks black, extending behind the nape
in the shape of a fringe ; under surface of body purplish broM^n,
including the under wiiig-coverts and axiUaries ; " bill and legs
black ; iris dark brown " {Jerdon).

Adult female. Diiierent from the male. Dark ochraceous brown
above aud below ; wings and tail as in the male, but the lavender-
grey of the quills much paler and overshaded with the ochraceous
brown of the back ; the secondaries entirely like the back, with in-
distinct shading of grey, the tips black ; crown paler than in the
male, the sides of the head black, encircling the nape. Total length
11 inches, culmen 0*8, wing 5-55, tail 4-4, tarsus l-l.

Nestling. Brown like the female, varied with ochraceous streaks
and spots down the centre of each feather, the wing-coverts having
large ovate drops at their ends ; head mottled with whitish lavender
spots on the feathers ; throat ochraceous buff; remainder of under
surface pale ochraceous buff, deeper on the abdomen, all the feathers
edged broadly with dusky brown, the under tail-coverts brown,
longitudinally centred with pale ochraceous.

Hab. Himalaya Mountains.

a-c. c? ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

d,e. $ ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

/. Pull. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

g. $ ad. sk. Nyuee Tal. Capt. Stackhouse Pinwilf [P.].

h. (J ad. sk. N. India.

4 PBIONOPIDiiE.

3. Cochoa azurea.

Tiu-dus azurexis, Tentm. Fl. Vol. ii. pi. '274.

Ixus azureus, Tetnm. torn, cit, Tahl. Meth. p. 15.

Oreas azureiia, Temm. {teste Grat/), Up. Consp. i. p. 350.

Cochoa azurea, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 280 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 325,

no. 4874.
Xenogenys azmea, Cah. Mm. Hein. Th. i. p. 54.

Adult female. General colour above dull blue, the head greyish
azure, the -wing-coverts and quills blackish externally, washed with
greyish cobalt ; ear-coverts dull greyish azure, like the crown ; lores
dusky bro^vn ; under surface of body umber-brown, washed with
purplish blue on the abdomen and under tail-coverts ; under wing-
coverts brown, like the breast ; the edge of the wing bliie ; tail-
feathers blackish, washed externally with dull azure. Total length
9'5 inches, culmen 0'7, wing 4-65, tail 4-2, tarsus 1*05.

Adult male. Like the female, but somewhat richer blue, and having
the entire under surface deep purplish blue without any brown on
the throat. Total length 9 inches, wing 4-75, tail 4-2, tarsus 1-05.

06s. A young bird from Java is dull bluer-black above, without
any lighter azure-blue on the head, the wing-coverts and quills only
being externally brighter blue ; on the throat and chest are remains
of mottled plumage, the feathers orange-buff with black edges.

Hah. Java.

«, b. S 9- ad. sk. W. Java. A. K. Wallace, Esq. [CI.

c. Jun. sk. W. Java. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.J.

The table in the ' Catalogue of Birds,' vol. iii. p. 271, must also
be modified for the reception of Phceornis as follows, the second
section of the Prionopidae beginning :—

b\ Inner toe (without claw) shorter than, or
equal to, the hind toe (without claw).
c\. Nostrils exposed and not hidden by
bristles.
d". Culmen much longer than hind toe

or claw PlNAROLKSTES.

c". Culmen not exceeding the length of
hind toe and claw.
a''. Second primary longer than the
.secondaries.
«". Wings 1 ong, the distance between
the tips of the quills and the tail
less than the tarsus ; nostrils
situated in a wide oval groove . Ph.boenis.
i^ Wings short, falling short of end
of tail by more than the length
of tarsus ; nostrils situated in a
somewhat rounded groove .... BRAnvoRNis.
6". Second primary equal to the secon-
daries CUPHOPTEEUS.

d\ Nostrils entirely hidden by plumes. ... ( ^^^^^^^'

1'H.«0RN1S. 5

At page 302 of the previous volume would be placed, therefore : —

10 rt. PH^ORNIS.

Type.

rhajornis, iSclater, Ibis, 1859, p. 327 P. obsciu'a.

Bill o{ Phmornis obscura, to show position of nostrils.
Mange. Confined to the Sandwich Islands.

1. PhaBornis obscura.

Dusky Flycatcher, LatJi. Gen. 8yn. ii. pt. 1, p. 344.

Muscicapa obscura, Gm. S. N. i. p. 945 (ex Lath.) ; Grmj, Gen. B.

i. p. 263.
Tsenioptera obscura, Cass. U.S. Ripl. Exp. p. 155, pi. 9. fig. 3 ; Dole,

Pr. Bost. Soc. N. II. xii. p. 300.
Chasiempis obscura, Ilattl. Arch. f. Natwg. 1852, p. 1.33.
Phaeornis obscura, Sclater, Ibis, 1859, p. 327, et 1871, p. 360; id.

P. Z. S. 1878, p. 347.
Eopsaltria (Chasiempis) obscura, Graij, Cat. B. Trop. Isl. Pacific

Ocean, p. 22.
Eopsaltria obscura, Gray, Hund-l. B. i. p. 390, uo. 5926.

Adult male (Ililo, Owhyhee : J. Murray, Voy. of H.M.S. ' Chal-
lenger '). General colour above dusky olive-brown, greyer on the
forehead and fore part of crown ; wing-coverts and primary-coverts
dark brown, edged with the same colour as the back ; quills dark
brown, broadly washed with olive-brown externally, and inclining
to rufous-brown near the bases ; tail brown ; lores, feathers in
front of eye, and fore part of cheeks a little more rufous-brown ;
feathers below the eye and ear-coverts dull olive-brown ; cheeks
and under surface of body ashy grey, the vent and under tail-coverts
white ; under wing-coverts ashy grey shaded with brown ; quills
dusky brown below, fulvesceut near the base of the inner web.
Total length 7'2 inches, culmen 0-7, wing 4-35, tail 3-2, tarsus 1-3.

Adult female. Similar in colour to the male. Total length 6-6
inches, culmen 0-7, wing 4, tail 2-9, tarsus 1-3.

Hab. Sandwich Islands.

6 cichlomoki-H-t:.

Order PASSERIFORMES.

Group II. CICHL0M0RPHJ5.

Wing with ten primaxies, the first more or less markedly reduced
in size ; angle of the chin shortened, and not reaching as far as the
line of the anterior margin of the nostril ; claw of middle toe oblique ;
rictal bristles generally present.

Bill notched or grypanian (llliger), i. e. with the culmen nearly
straight, bent at the end in an arched curve, acuminate, generally
incised at the sides ; nostrils placed low, nearer to the cutting-edge
of the mandible than the culmen.

Cf. Sundevall, Av. Meth. Tent. p. 3.

With the present group commences an account of the Thrush-like
Passeres, the difficulties in classifying which are not likely to be
exaggerated by any one who attempts the task. As already stated
in this work, the system of classification here adopted is founded on
that of the late Prof. Sundevall, who, however, admits (Av. Meth.
Tent. p. Iviii) that the divisions he proposes for the Cichhmorphce
are purely artificial. I have endeavoured to modify his arrange-
ment ; but in attempting to draw a hard-and-fast line between
groups which nature has connected by intermediate forms, the
difficulty of dealing with the connecting links has to be faced. I
have preferred to accept a line which is capable of definition, even
in cases where forms, apparently nearly allied, must be separated,
being convinced that any line, wherever drawn, must be open to the
same objection. In cases where two great groups are separated by
both internal and external characters, and the connecting forms
exhibit the internal characters of the one along with the external
characters of the other, it seems to me that, in a classification of birds'
skins in a museum it is obvious that the intermediate forms should
be thrown into the series with which they correspond in external
characters. The second great difficulty which I have had to meet
has been that of bringing groups of birds having lateral affinities to
adjacent groups into a linear arrangement — a difficulty similar to that
of attempting to make such a list of the countries of Europe as shall
place them correctly in geographical relation to each other. It is ob-
vious that this can only be done by occasionally making a fresh start.

The characters here given, therefore, to the Turdiform families,
which appear to follow one another in a natural sequence, cannot
be considered exhaustive, but represent those which seem to me the
salient points peculiar to each.

Si/>iopsis of Families.

A. Shafts of rump-feathers stiffened : plu-
mage soft ; bill rather stout, rather
widened at the base, the nostrils hidden
by nasal plumes CampophagidSB, p. 7.

CA11P0PHAGID.E. 7

B. Bill broadened and rather flat, generally

furnished with numerous rictal bristles :

culmen keeled MuscicapidSB, p. 111.

C. Bill slender, but rather wide and de-

pressed ; iving long and flat, with a very
small bastard primary not more than
h<df the length of the second, the latter
generally longer than the secondaries.
Composed of birds generally migratory. TurdidsB.

D. Bill much as in preceding family ; wing

rounded and short, concave, so as to fit
close to the body, the birds contained in
this family being generally of limited
migration TimelildaB.

E. Bill semi-raptorial, verj' strong, rather

stout, slightly compressed and toothed
near the tip ; nostrils hidden by bristles
as a rule ; plumage dense Laniidas.

F. Bill short and obtuse, not toothed ;

nostrils hidden by bristles ; plumage

soft and lax Faridae.

Family CAMPOPHAGID^.

Shrike-like birds of soft plumage ; the feathers of the lower back
and rump with stiffened shafts in most of the genera*. Bill for the
most part stout, moderately hooked and moderately notched, gene-
rally thick at the base, rather widened ; the nostrils hidden. Wings
in most species lengthened, never short.

Cf. Sundevall, Ay. Meth. Tent. p. 21.

Key to the Genera.

a. Bill very large and stout, the culmen longer

than the tarsus 1. Artamides, p. 8.

b. Bill only moderately stout, the culmen

equal to or shorter than the tarsus.
a'. Tail forked.

a". Bill broad, measured at gape equal to

the outer toe (without claw) 2. Campoch.eba, p. 21.

b". Bill narrower, measured at gape less

than outer toe (without claw) 3. Ptkropodocys, p. 22.

b'. TaU rounded or ouly slightly emarginate,
sometimes graduated.
c". Bill broad, measured at gape equal to

the outer toe (without claw) .... 4. Graucaxus, p. 23.
d". BUI narrower, measured at gape less
th.an outer toe (without claw).
«'". Bill long and thin, the culmen

equal to the tarsus 5. Edolhsoma, p. 42.

* Sf/mmorphrts is a slight exception to this rule, the shafts of the feathers
being less stiffenetl.

CAMl'Ol'nAGID.K.

Bill IjioadtT, the culmen less than

the tarsus.
'. Tail vcrv long, exceeding the tip
of the Aviug by nearly three
times the length of the tarsus.

a\ An eye-wattle »>. liOnoTf.s, p. ")8.

h\ No eye-wattle 7. CAjrporuAOA, p. 59.

'. Wing very long, the distance
between its tip and the end of
the tail not twice the length
of the tarsus.
c\ Tarsus short ; foot weak ; tar-
sus less than middle toe and

claw 8. PERirHocoTu.s, p. 70.

d^. Tarsus long ; foot stout ; tar-
sus exceeding in length the
middle toe and claw.
«". Wing much longer than the
tail, exceeding it by as
much as the length of the
tarsus ; under tail-coverts
long, falling .short of the
tail by about twice the
length of the culmen or
le.ss ; stiffened shafts of
rump-feathers very pro-
nounced !t. Lalagk, p. 8G.

i". Wing and tail about equal
in length, the difference
between them not so gi-eat
as the tarsus ; under tail-
ooverts short, the distance
between them and the tip
of the tail much more
than twice the length of
culmen ; stiffened shafts
of rump- feathers not very
pronounced 10. Symmobphus, p. 109.

1. ARTAMIDES. rp^^

Artamides, Ilartl J. f. O. 180-5, p. 170 A. bicoior.

Fange. From the Andaman Islands eastwards through the
Malayan peninsula and islands, as well as the Moluccas, to Xew
Guinea, the New Hebrides group, and New Caledonia.

Kei/ fn the SiJeciex.

a. Without cross bars of black across the ab-
domen.
«'. General colour uniform above and below ;
the under tail-coverts of the same colour
as the breast, in rare instances whitish.

1. AUTAMIDES.

a". Under wing-covorts leadeu grey or
slaty blackish.
a'". Thi'oat sl.aty gi'ey like the breast,
rt'. Region of the eye and ear-coverts
blackish.
«'. Much larger ; wing about 7'4
inches ; under wing-covei"ts
slaty gTe}' like the breast .... caledonims, p. 10.
i'. Smaller; wing about 6"4: inches ;
under wing-coverts blackish,
much darker than the breast . . nrhistacetis, p. 11
c'. Smallest ; wing about 5-5 inches ;
under wing-coverts slaty grey

like the breast farratus, p. 11.

b'. Region of the eye and ear-coverts

light grey siaiiafreims, p. 12.

h'". Throat, fore neck, and cheeks glossy

greenish black pollens, p. 18.

b". Under wing-coverts and axillaries
white.
c'". Vent and under tail-coverts slaty grey I personatus, p. l.S.

like the breast j parvidus, p. 14.

d"'. Vent and under tail-coverts white. . flaris, p. 14.
<■". Under wing-coverts and a.xillaries fawn-
buff cwrulviyriseus, p. 15.

d". Under \ving-co verts and axillaries grey-
ish cobalt like the rest of the under

surface temmincki. p. 15.

i'. General colour not uniform, the colour of
the under surface more or less different
from the aspect of the upper, which is
grey or blackish.
e". Throat glossy black, extending on to
the fore neck.
e'". General colour above dark slaty grey,
the black of the hind nock reach-
ing onto the mantle ; breast entirely
grey, only the lower abdomen
white : size large ; wing about

6'6o inches vutgnirostrh, p. 16.

/'". General colour lighter slate-colour.
the mantle scarcely tinged with
black ; grey confined to the breast
below, leaving the eutii'e abdomen
white : size smaller ; wing about

6-45 inches ntriceps, p. 16.

/". Throat grej' or white.

//'". Back^)lack like the head ; the lower
back, rump, and upper tail-coverts
pure -nhite, as also the entire under

surface of the body hicolor. p. 17.

h'". Upper surface entirely grey, the nasal
plumes, lores, feathers round the

eye, and chin black fortis. p. 18.

b. With the lower breast and abdomen barred
across with black and white,
f'. Throat and chest uniform grey.
VOL. rv, C

1

10 rA:\i?orTTACiDj?.

(/''. Lower bade, rump, and upper tail-
coverts barred with black aud white
like the abdomen.
{"'. Lores and feathers round the eye

black sfrialKS, 2nd pi, p. 1 8.

k'". Lores and feathers roimd the eye
gTey, with no black on the face at

all siimatrensis 9 > ?• 1--

h". Lower back and rump imiform with
the rest of the upper siu-face and not
ban-ed ; ear-coverts black lilie the
lores and feathers above the eye .... dohsoni <S , p. 20.
il'. Throat and chest barred with black and
Avhite like the rest of the under surf.ice.
/". Lower back and rump barred with black
and white.
I'". No black on the sides of the face . . sionafrensis iu\., p. 12.
in'". Lores and feathers round the eye

black striatus juv., p. 18.

k". Lower back and rump uniform with the

I'est of the upper surface . dohsoni J , p. 20.

1. Artamides caledonicus.

Corvus cinereus, Forster, Icon. ined. no. 5.3.

New-Caledonian Crow, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. .377 {ex Forster, Icon.).

Corvus caledonicus, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 3G7 (ex Lath.).

Pica cinerea, Wagler, Syst. Av. sp. 18 (ex Forster).

Corvus cinereus, Foister, Deser. Anim. p. 200.

Graucalus coesius, Pitcher. Arch. Mus. vii. p. 323 {nee Licht.).

Gazzola caledonica, Bp. Con-sj). i. p. 383 (nee Bp. 1854).

Campephaga caledonica, Gray, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 162 : id. C'at.B. Trap.
Isl. Pacific Ocean, p. 22 ; 'id. Iland-l. B. i. p. 337, no. 5090; Marie,
Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, xxvii. p. 328; Lcujard, Ibis, 1878,
p. 256.

Graucalus caledonicus, Ilartkmh, J. f. O. 18(34, p. 440.

Graucalus cinereus, Lnyard, Ibis, 1878, p. 273.

Adah male (Erromango). General colour above dark slaty
grey with ashy-grey gloss, the wiug-covcrts like the back ; (juills
ashy grey on the outer web, ashy brown on the inner one, and exter-
nally edged with a narrow margin of slaty grey, which is whitish
on the outer edge of the primaries ; tail-feathers black, the outer ones
browner at the ends, which are narrowly tipped with an edging of
white ; plumes at base of forehead, feathers in front of and surrounding
the eve, as well as those at ba.se of lower mandible and base of chin
black ; entire nnder surface of body dark slaty grey, including the
irnder wing-coverts and axillaries; greater series of under wing-
coverts and quills below ashy grey, lighter along the edge of the inner
web ; " biU, legs, and feet black ; iris yellowish white " {L. C. Layard) ;
" iris whitish grey " (J. MaccjiUivray). Total length 14 inches, culmen
1-25, wing 7*4, tail 6'3, tarsus 0*35.

Adxdt female. Differs from the male in being lighter and more
ashy grey, and in having the lores and feathers in front of eye dusky

1. AUTAMIliES. 11

and not black. Total length 14-2 inches, culmen 1 ■25, wing 6-8,
tail (rl, tarsus 1-2.

06s. I have not been able to compare an adult male from New
Caledonia with the male from Xew Hebrides. The females seem so
exactly alike, that there is little doubt that both groui>s of islands
are inhabited by the same species.

Hab. New Caledonia ; New Flebrides.

«. S inmi. sk. Isle of Pines, New J. Ma^illivray, Esq. [C.].

Caledonia, June 7, 1858.

b. (S inini.sk. Erroinaugo, New J. Macgillivray, Esq. [C.].

Hebrides, Sept. 10,
1858.

c. S ad., f/. 2 iuuu. Erromango. J. Macgillivray, Esq. [C.].

2. Artamides schistaceiis.
Graucalus temmmckii, WuUace, P. Z. S. 18G2, p. 342 {nee S. MiUl).

Adult [female]. Similar to A. mUdonkvs and A. iwllens, but
smaller, and having the feathers at the base of the nostrils, loral
plumes, and feathers in front of the eye dull lilackish, not glossy
black as in A. pollens. The grey colour of the body is lighter and
more of an ashy grey than in the last-mentioned species. Total
length 12-3 inches, culmen 1-05, wing (v35, tail 5-7, tarsus 0-95.

Hab. iSula Islands.

a. Ad. fik. Sula Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

3. Artamides larvatus.

Ceblopvris lavvata, S. MuUer, Verh. Natuurl. Geschml. Land- en

Vo/keitk. p. 190.
Campephaga larvata, Grai/, Gen. B. i. p. 283; id. P. Z. S. 1861,

p. 435 ; Finsch, Neu-Gtimea, p. 172 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 337,

no. 5085.
Graucalus larvatus, i?/). Cow-y. i. p. 354 ; Hurtl.J.f. 0. 1864, p. 438.

Adult. General colour above dark slaty grey, the wing-coverts
like the back ; bastard wing black ; primary-coverts and primaries
black, externally edged with slaty grey, inclining to hoary grey
towards the tips of the latter ; secondaries black, externally slaty
grey with hoary margins, the innermost secondaries slaty grey, black
on the inner web ; tail-feathers black, washed with grey near the
base and tipped with ashy, more broadly on the outermost ; lores
and feathers at base of bill dusky, the plumes in front of and round
the eye as well as the ear-coverts slaty black ; cheeks and under
surface of body light slaty grey, i-ather paler than the upper surface ;
thighs (lark slaty ; under XN-ing-coverts and axillaries slaty grey,
the quills ashy below, buff along the inner webs. Total length 10-5
inches, culmen 1-0.5, wing 5*5, tail 4*7, tarsus 0*95.

Adidt female. Like the male. Total length 10 inches, culmen 1,
wing 5*5, tail 4'3, tarsus 1 .

c2

12

CAMI'OPHAGID.E.

Hub. Java*.

a. $ imm. sk.
I, c. cJ $ ad. sk.

Java.
"W. Java.

Purchased.

A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C]

4. Artamides sumatrensis.

Ceblepyris novas-guinefe, S. MUller, Verh. Natimrl. Geschied. Latid-

en Volketih. p. 190 {nee Gm.).
Ceblepyris sumitrensis, S. Mull. t. c. p. 190.
Graiiealus fasciatus £p. Cwisp. i. p. 354 (tiec V.) : Jerd. B. Ind. i.

p. 418 ; Sclafer, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 218 ; Hartl. J. f. 0. 1864, p. 444.
Graucalus concretus, Hartl. J. f. O. 1864, p. 445 ; Walden, Ihis, 1872,

p. 371.
Campephaga sumatrensis, Grat/, Hand-l. B. i. p. 337, no. 5077.
Campephaga concreta, Gray, t. c. p. 337, no. 5089.
Graucalus sumatrensis, Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 150 ; Tweedd. Ibis, 1877,

p. 312 ; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. new series, vol. i. p. 323 : Tweedd.

P.Z.S. 1878, p. 614.

Adult male (Sumatra, A. R. Wallace). General colour above
light ashy or French grey, the upper tail-coverts hoary and the
rump-feathers edged with hoary grey ; wing-coverts like the back ;
bastard wing black ; primary coverts and quills black, narrowly
edged with ashy grey, including the white towards the tips ; the
secondaries ashy grey like the back, with hoary-grey margins ; tail-
feathers black, ashy brown at the tips, the centre feathers washed
with ashy grey for the greater part of their length ; lores, sides of
face, and entire under surface of body light ashy grey like the back ;
no black on the face ; the under tail-coverts paler and more hoary
than the breast ; under wing-coverts and axiUaries ashy grey with
white edgings, some of the wing-coverts with indistinct dusky grey
b;irs ; quills ashy grey below, whitish along the inner webs ; " iris
light lemon-yellow " {A. Everett). Total length 11*8 inches, culmen
1-05, wing 5-95, tail 4"5, tarsus 0-95.

Adult female. Differs from the male in having the breast and
remainder of under surface barred with white and black, the bars
about equal in breadth ; the under tail-coverts white, with narrower
and less frequent bars of black ; the under wing-coverts and axiUa-
ries barred with white and black like the breast ; rump and r;pper
tail- coverts barred with black and white, the ground-colour of the
feathers grey, plainer on the long under tail-coverts ; quills plainly
edged with white ; tail-feathers black, narrowly tipped with white,
with a subterminal line of black ; quilk ashy gTcy below, white along
the inner web. Total length 11 inches, culmen 1, wing 5-7, tail
4-35, tarsus 0-95.

Hah. Indo-Malayan Region. Malacca, Sumatra, Borneo, Palawan.

a, b. $ ad. sk. Sumatra, 1801. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

c, d. 2 ad. st, Sumatra. Dr. Lidth de Jeude [C.].

e,f. d ? ad. sk. Kessang, Malacca. M. A. Bouvier [C.].

* Eeferences to this bird's occurrence in New Guinea are erroneous.

1. ARTAMIDES. 13

g, h. S ad., i. 2 ad. sk. Lumbidan, N.W. Governor Ussher [0.].

Borneo.
k. d' imm. sk Puerto Priucesa, Prof. J. B. Steere [C.].

Palawan.

5. Artamides pollens.

Graucalus pollens, Salvad. Ann. Miis. Civic.Genoi: vi. p 75 ■ id P Z S
1878, p. 87. r ' • ■ •

Adult male (Ke Bandan, July 29, 1873, Beccari ■ type of spe-
cies). General colour above dark slaty grey with a greenish-grey
gloss, especially distinct on the crown and sides of the head ; wing-
coverts like the back, the bastard wing, primary-coverts, and quifk
blackish, washed with slaty grey on the outer web ; tail black, in-
distinctly shaded with slaty grey on the edges of the quills, the
outermost feathers tipped indistinctly with ashy grey ; base of fore-
head, lores, feathers in front of and below the eye, sides of face,
throat, and fore neck black distinctly glossed with green, the black
shading off on the chest; remainder of under surface of body slaty
grey with an ashy gloss ; under wing-coverts and axillaries black
with a greenish gloss ; greater coverts and quills ashy below, lio-hter
along the edge of the inner web; "bill, feet, and iris black"
{Becmn). Total length 13-5 inches, culmen 1-15, wing 7 tail 5-8
tarsus 1-15. {Miis. Civic. Genov.)

Adult female (Ke Bandan, July 29, 1873, Becmri). Differs from
the male m having no black on the throat and sides of the face, the
feathers at the base of nostrils, lores, and plumes in front of the eye
alone being black. Total length 13-5 inches, culmen 1-2, wing 6-95
tail 5-7, tarsus 1-15. {Mus. Civic. Genov.)

Hah. Ke Islands, iloluccas.

6. Artamides personatus.

Ceblepyris personata, S. Miill. Verh. Natuurl Gesch. Land- en Votkenk

p. lyo.

Campephaga personata. Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283 ; Fimch, Neu- Guinea
p. 1/ 2 ; Gray, Hand-l. ^. i. p. 366, no. 5066. '

Graucalus personatus, Bp. Comp. i. p. 354 ; Wallace, P Z S 186S
p. 485; Hartl.J.f. O. 1864, p. 438. ' * '

Adult male. General colour above slaty grey ; the scapulars and
wing-coverts, primary-coverts and primaries black, externally mar-
gined with slaty grey, the secondaries more broadly; tail-feathers
blackish, washed with grey on the outer webs and tipped with
hghter grey ; a narrow frontal line, lores, and feathers above and
below the eye, ear-coverts, sides of face, extending on to the sides
of the lower neck, and entire throat black with a greenish o-loss •
remainder of under surface of body slaty grey, the axillaries and
under wing-covorts pure white ; quiUs ashy below, greyish white
along the inner webs. Total length 12-5 inches, culmen M win-
6-4, tail 5-6, tiirsus 1-05. ' "

Ad„lt female. Differs from the male in not having the throat and

14 CAMrOPHAGIDiE.

sides of face black, ouly the chin, lores, and featliers above and
below the eye being lilack ; the under wing-coverts and axillaries
bufl'y white. Total length 1^ inches, culmcu i'Oo, wing G*3, tail 5*7,
tarsus 1.

Hah. Timor gronp of islands.

<t, b. d $'id. sk. Semao Island, Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

c. 2 ad. sk. East Timor. A. It. Wallace, Esq. [C .

d. S ad. sk, Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.' .

e. (S imm.sk. Island of Solor. A. 11. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

7. Artamides parvulus.
Graucalus parvulus, Salvad. Ann. Mus, Civic. Genov. xii. p. 324.

Adult. General colour leaden grey ; frontal margin, sides of head,
and throat black, glossy ; qnills black, ashy below, the inner web
decidedly paler, but scarcely margined with grey ; the secondaries
on the outer web and the wing-coverts altogether grey, uniform with
the back ; under wing-coverts white ; two centre tail-feathors leaden
grey, the rest black, above leaden grey towards the base, the outer-
most marked with a small leaden-grey spot at the tip ; bill black ;
feet dusky. Total length 9-7 inches, culmcn 1-U, wing 5-5, tail
4-2r), tarsus 0-9. (Salvadon.)

Ilab. Island of Halmahera, or Gilolo, in the Moluccas.

This species, the type of which I have lately seen at Leiden, is
closely allied to A. pcrsonatus, but much smaller.

8. Artamides floris.
Graucalus personatus, pt.. Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 485.

Adult [ma/e]. General colour above bluish slate-colour, tlie -wing-
coverts Hke the back ; bastard wing black ; primary-coverts blackish,
externally ashy grey witli a narrow margin of white : greater coverts
ashy grey, nari-owly edged with white ; tjuills blackisli, externally
washed with ashy grey and margined with white ; tail black, the
centre feathers washed with grey towards the base ; no black on the
forehead ; in front of the eye a triangular dusky spot ; feathers round
the eye blackish, a shade of black also extending over the eye ;
cheeks and entire under surface of body dark ashy grey, becoming
gradually lighter and purer grey on the breast ; the vent and under
tail-coverts pure white ; under wing-coverts, axillaries, and inner
lining of quills also pure white. Total length 13 inches, culmen
1-15, wing 0*7, tail 5"7, tarsus 1'05.

Adult [female^. Differs from the supposed male in being paler
grey ; the greater coverts and the quills externally edged with white,
narrower on the primaries ; lores and feathers on the side of the
face dusky, but not blackish as in the male ; lower abdomen,
vent, and under tail-eoverts, under wing-coverts and axillaries
T)ure white, the bicast and abdomen obscurely banded with dusky

1. ARTAMIDES. 15

grey. Total length 12-7 inches, culmen 1'15, whig 0-4, tail 5-4,
tarsus 1*1.

Hah. Island of Flores.

a, b. Ad. sk. Flores. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.J.

U. Artamides caeriileigriseus.

Campephaga cceruleogrisea, Gray, R Z. S. 1858, p. 179 ; id. Cat. B.

Netc Guinea, p. 32 ; id. 1'. Z. S. 18(il, p. 435 ; Rosetib. J.f. 0. 1864,

p. 121 ; Hartl. J. f. O. 18G5, p. 155 ; Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 171 ;

Gray, Hand-l. B.'i. p. 338, no. 5101.
Campephaga strenua, Schl. N. T. D. iv. p. 44 ; Sdnter, P. Z. S. 1873,

p. 697; Meyer, Sitz. k. Akad. Wien, Ixix. p. 211.
Grauealus streuuus, Salvad. Ann. Mtts. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 771, x.

p. 136.
Grauealus caeruleogi'iseus, Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civic. Genov. xii,

p. 324.

Adult female (type of species). General colour above bluish grey,
brighter blue on the head, and especially on the forehead and over
the eyes; bastard wing, primary- coverts, and quills black, the
coverts edged with bluish grey, the secondaries blackish on the inner
web, bluish grey on the outer, the innermost secondaries entirely
bluish grey like the back ; two centre tail-feathers bluish grey, the
next on each side black, grey on the outer web, the remainder
black, bi'owuer at the tij^s of the outer web, where they incline to
whitish at the extreme end ; feathers in front of eye duskj', forming
a triangidar patch ; under surface of body bluish grey, a little duUer
than the back, the thighs brighter bluish grey ; under wing-coverts
and axillaries pale ochraceous fawn ; quUls ashy below, liglit fawn-
colour along the inner webs ; soft parts as in the male {D'Alhert'ts).
Total length 14-5 inches, culmen 1-4, wing 6'5, tail 6-5, tarsus
1-15.

Adult mule (Atam, D'Alhertls). Differs from the female in being
rather richer blue-grey, especially about the head and face ; feathers
at base of forehead behind the nostrils, lores, and feathers in front of
the eye black, extending over the eye for more than half the latter ;
chin and a spot at base of lower mandible also black ; " biU and feet
black; iris chestnut" (D'Albertis). Total length 13 inches, wing
6'35, tail 0"3, tarsus 1-2. (il/»s. Civic. Genov.)

Dr. Meyer procured a specimen at Eubi which seems to be
younger, as it has the tail-feathers tipped with bufly white, and has
the inner webs of the quills below pale fawn-buff.

Hub. Aru Islands, North-western New Guinea, island of Jobi.

rt. $ ad. sk. Aiu Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.J.

(Type of species).

10. Artamides temmiucki.

C'el)lc]iyris toninnucki, S. Midlit\ I'trli. Xutaurl. Gvsvh. Lund- en
FoMoiA. p. 101.

16 CAMPOPHAGIDJE.

Campephaga temmiuckii, Gray, Gen. B. i. p.28."5; Fimch, Neu-Guinea,

p. 172 ; Grmj, Hand-l. B. i. p. 337, no. 5081.
Graucalus temmincki, Bp. Consp. i. p. 354 ; Hartl. J. f. O. 1864,

p. 446 ; Walden, Tr. Z. S. Tiii. pp. 68, 113, pi. xii.

Adult. General colour greyish azure, with more or less of a cobalt
hue, especially on the -wings and tail, the inner webs of the quills
and tail-feathers being blackish ; base of forehead, lores, and feathers
in front of the eye blackish with a bhie gloss ; mider surface of body
azure-blue like the upper ; under wing-coverts like the breast, the
lower scries and the underside of the quills ashy. Total length
12 inches, culmen 1, wing 5-95, tail 5-9, tarsus 0-95.

Dr. Meyer's specimen has white tips to the bastard wing and
primary-coverts, and the inuer secondaries edged with white.

Hah. Celebes.

a. Ad. St. Celebes. Purchased.

b. Ad. sk. Celebes. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.].

11. Artamides magnirostris.

Graucalus magnirostris, Bp. Consp. i. p. 354 {ex Forstm) ; Hartl. J.
f. O. 1864, p. 436; Metjer, Sitz. k. Akad. Wien, Ixix. p. 505 j
Salvud. Ann. Ifu-s. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 771.

Campephaga magnirostris. Gray. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 353 ; Finsch, Neu-
Guinea, p. 171 ; Grai/, Hand-l. B. i. p. 336, no. 5063.

Coraciua magnirostris, Giehel, Thes. Orn. i. p. 774.

Adult male. General colour above slaty grey, purer grey on the
rump and upper tail-coverts, the sides of the rump whiter ; wing-
coverts like the back ; bastard plumes black ; primary-coverts and
quills black : the secondaries black, externally ashy grey, edged with
lighter grey ; centre tail-feathers dark grey, black at the tip, the rest
of the tail black, with a narrow strip of ashy whitish, extending as
a narrow rim to the inner webs, much broader and more ashy at the
tip of the outer feather ; head and neck all roand black, extending
on to the mantle above and forming a sharply defined line across the
breast below ; remainder of the breast light slaty grey, the abdomen
and under tail-coverts pure white, the flanks washed with light slaty
grey ; thighs dark slaty grey ; under wing-coverts and axillaries
pure white ; quills dusky below, ashy whitish along the inner
web. Total length 13-7 inches, culmen 1-25, wing 6-65, tail 6-1,
tarsus 1-05.

Hah. Gilolo, Ternate.

a,b. S ad. sk. Gilolo. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

12. Artamides atriceps.

CeUepyris atriceps, <*?. Miilkr, Terh. Xafuurl. Gesch. Land- en Vol-

kenk. p. 190.
Campephaga atriceps, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283; Fimch, Xeu-Guinca,

p. 172; Gray. Hand-l. B. i. p. 337, no. 5084.

1. ARTAMIDES. 17

Graucalus atrieeps, Up. Consp. i. p. .354 ; Haiti. J.f. 0. 1804, p. 4.37;

Wahlen, Tr. Z. 8. viii. p. (J8.
Coracina atrieeps, Giebel, Otm. T/ies. i. p. 774.

Adult male. General colour above light slat}- grey, paler on the
rump and upper tail-coverts ; wing-coverts like the back ; bastard
plumes black : primary-coverts and quills black, narrowly edged with
ashy grey ; secondaries black, the outer webs grey with a narrow
margin of lighter ashy grey ; two centre tail-feathers dark ashy
brown with black tips, the rest of the feathers black slightly tipped
with ashy, the outer one most broadly and with an inner margined
line of whitish ; entire head and neck all round black, occupying the
chest below, and extending a little way onto the mantle above;
breast light bluish grey ; entire abdomen and under tail-coverts pure
white, tlie flanks washed with light bluish grey ; thighs bluish grey ;
under wing-coverts and axillaries pure white ; quills ashy below,
white along the inner webs. Total length 12-5 inches, culmen 1-1,
wing (J'45, tail 5-6, tarsus 1.

Uab. Ceram, ? Celebes.

a, b. S ad. sk. Ceram. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [CI.

e. Jim. ? sk. N. Ceram. A. R. WaUace, Esq.,[C.].

13. Artamides bicolor.

CeblepjTis bicolor, Temm. PI. Col. iii. pi. 278; S. Millkr, Verh.

Xatuttrl. Geschied. Land- en Volkenk. p. 191.
Campephaga bicolor, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 28.3; id. P. Z. S. 1860,

p. .3.54; Finsch, Neu-Gninea, p. 172; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 337!

no. .5092.
Graucalus bicolor, Bp. Consp. i. p. 3o4.
Artamides bicolor, Hartl. J.f. O. 1865, p. 171 ; Waldeti, Tr. Z. S.

viii. p. 70 ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Chic. Genov. vii. p. 658 ; Briiggem.

Ahhandl. nat. Ver. Bremen, v. p. 72.

Adult male. General colour above black with a slight steel-green
gloss ; wings black, also glossed with steel-green on the outer webs ;
lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts pure white ; tail black, the
outer feathers tipped with white, the base of aU the feathers white,
decreasing in extent towards the outermost, where the white is con-
fined to the inner web ; lores, feathers below the eye, and the ear-
coverts black, the two latter parts varied with white spots ; cheeks
and entire under surface of body pure -white, including the under
wing-coverts and axillaries and the inner webs of the quills. Total
length 12-6 inches, culmen 1-1, wing 6-7, tail 5-2, tarsus 0-95.

Adxdt female. Differs from the male in being grey above instead
of black, and in having the throat aud breast grey.' Total length
12-3 inches, culmen M, wing 6-8, tail 5-3, tarsus 1.

A younger male, also from ilenado, differs from the male described
above by being washed with grey, the secondaries broadly edged
with white, and the tail-feathers tipped with white. Total length
11-7 inches, culmen 105, wing 6'5, tail 5-2, tarsus 0-95.

Dr. Meyer procured an undoubtedly young bird at Limbotto which

18 CAJiroruAf;iD,Ti.

prcsenteil the same chiinicters, and still retained part of tlie imma-
ture i)lumiii!;e in the shape of brown feathers edged with white ou
the head and back.
IJah. Celebes.

a,b. S2 ad. sk. Meuado, N. Celebes. A. R. WaUiXce, Esq. [C.l

c. (S jun. sk. Menado, N. Celebes. A. \\. Wallace, Esq. fC.J.

d. <S "ad. St. Celebes. Purchased.

14. Artamides fortis.
Grauealus fortis, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. xii. p. .326.

AiluU. General colour cinereous, paler below ; nasal plumes, lores,
region of the eye, and chin black ; under tail-coverts ashy white ;
under wing-coverts white ; qiiiUs dusky, the primaries slightly, the
secondaries broadly margined with cinereous ; two centre tail-
feathers cinereous, the rest blackish, the outer two grey at the tip ;
biU and feet black. Total length 13-8 inches, culmcn 1-3, wing
6-9, tail 5-9, tarsus 1-15. (Salvadori.)

Female. Similar to the male, but with the feathers in front of
the eye rather dusky, and the under tail-coverts purer white.
(Salvador!.)

Hah. Island of Bouru, Moluccas.

Obs. Described by Count Salvadori from specimens in the Leiden
Museum, and distinguished by its larger size and by the general
grey coloration of the under surface, which pervades the abdomen
as well as the breast.

15. Artamides striatus.

Choucas de la NouveUe GmiiQe, Daubent. Fl. Enl. iii. pi. G29; Montb.

Hist. Nat. Ois. iii. p. 80.
New-Guiuea Crow, Lat/i. Gen. Si/n. i. pt. 1, p. 381.
Corvus striatus, Bodd. Tab/. PL Enl. p. 38 {ex Daubenton).
Corvus novje guiuese, Gm. Si/st. Nat. i. p. 371.
Coraciiia fasciata, Vieill. N. Diet. viii. p. 8.
Grauealus iiovre guinese, Cuvier, Rhjtie Anim. i. p. 341 (1817) ; Less.

Man.d'Om. i. p. 144.
CeblepjTis novse guineas, Temm. Man. cPOrn. i. p. Ixii ; RUpp. Mus.

Senckenb. iii. p. 334.
Ceblep\Tis plumbea, Waaler, Si/.st. Av. art. Corvus, App. sp. 4.
Grauealus lineatus, pt., Lesson, Iraite, p. 349.
Grauealus dussumieri, Lesson, torn. cit. p. 349 ; Jacq. et Puclier. Vol/.

Pole Slid, Zool. iii. p. 6-5 ; Ihicher. Arch, dti Mus. \ii. p. 363 ; Blyth,

J. A. S. B. XXX. p. 90.
Choucari de Dussumier, Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. Pole Swl, Atlas, pi. 8.

fig. 1.
Campephaga striata, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 337,

no. 5076.
Grauealus laguneusis, Bp. C. R. xxxviii. p. 540 ; Blyth, J. A. S. B.

XXX. p. 96; Hartl. J.f. O. 1864, p. 445.
Campephaga novas guinea?, Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 193; id. Cat. B.

New Guinea, p. 58 ; id. P. Z.S. 1861, p. 435; Finsch, Neu-Guinca,

p. 171.

1. ARTAMIDES. 19

Campephag<a dussuniieri, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 33G, no. 5070.

Campcplaaga lagunensis, Grmj, torn. cit. p. 337, no. 5080.

Grauciilus striatus, Wahhn, Ibis, 1873, p. 312 ; id. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 175,

pi. XXX. fi^'. 1; Sharpc, Tr. Linn. Sue. new series, i. p. 323; Tweedd.

P. Z. S. I877,_pp. G'j;^, 759, y27, et 1878, pp. 108, 283, 380.
Corvus papuensis, Von Kitt.l., Liitke, Voy. {Postels), iii. p. 326 {nee

Gm., teste Ttueeddale).

Adult male. Whole plumage of a dark plumbeous grey, the lores
being jet-black ; loAver plumage somewhat paler than the upper,
more especially that of the ventral region ; a few of the upper tail-
coverts and nmip-feathcrs arc fringed with pale grey (Twecddale) ;
" bill, legs, and claws black ; iris pure lemon-yellow " (A. Everett).

Adult (female). Dark ashy grey above, the lores a little more
dusky, as also the sides of the face ; lesser and median wing-coverts
a little darker than the back ; greater coverts ashy grey ; quills
black, externally ashy grey, the inner secondaries almost entirely of
this colour ; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts barred with
black and white, the feathers being grey tipped with white, before
which is a subtcrminal bar of black ; taU-fcathcrs black, shaded with
grey near the base ; throat and chest ashy grey ; remainder of under
surface of body barred with black and white, the bars being of about
equal width ; thighs dark ashy grey ; under wing-coverts and axil-
laries white barred with black, but more conspicuously than the
breast ; greater series of under wing-coverts and quills below ashy,
with a very narrow edging of white along the inner web, the quills
browner below towards the tips of the feathers ; " iris crimson " (A.
Everett). Total length 10'5 inches, culmen 1-1, wing 6-3, tail 4-4,
tarsus 1.

Young male (Ncgros, Steere). Like the old female, but having the
lores, feathers in front of the eye, on the sides of face, and chin black ;
lower back, as wcU as the rump and upper tail-coverts, more distinctly
barred with black and white than in the female ; general colour of
the upper surface and throat and chest leaden grey, darker than in
the female; feathers of upper breast leaden grey, narrowly tipped with
white, before which is a narrow subtcrminal black bar ; rest of under
surface very broadly barred with black and white ; quills below dark
ashy grey ; tail black, indistinctly tipped with dark grey, and nar-
rowly edged with white at the tip, the outermost feathers ashy
brown near the tip, which is white with a subtcrminal line of black.
Total length 12-3 inches, cidmen 1-15, wing 6-45, tail 4-6, tarsus 1*1.

Young (Zamboanga, Steere). Differs from the adult female and
from the male in being barred with white and black on the whole
under surface, excepting the lower abdomen, vent, and under tail-
coverts, which are white ; cheeks also barred with black and white ;
ear-coverts dark slaty grcj', with narrow white shaft-streaks : qudls
ashy below, browner at tip and whitish along the inner web ; outer
tail-feathers white at tip, with a subtcrminal black bar ; " iris dirty
brownish white" (A. Everett). Total length lO'o inches, culmen
1-1, wing 5-S5, tail 4-6, tarsus 1"05.

Hub. Philippine Islands.

20 CAJirOPHAGID.T^.

a. cj imm. st. [riiilippiiies.] E. Wilson, Esq. [P.]-

b. $ ad. sk. rhilippine Islands. M. Verreaux.

c. c? ad. sk. Cataguan, Luzon. Hugh Cuming, Esq. [C.].

d. (S imm. sk. San Bernardino, Negros, Prof. J. B. Steere [C.].

Jan. 187.5.

e. juv. sk. Zamboanga, Mindanao. Prof. J. B. Steere [C.].

16. Artamid.es dobsoni.

Graucalus dobsoni, Ball, J. A. S. B. xU. p. 281 ; id. Str. F. 1873,
1873, p. 66 ; Uame, t. c. p. 310 ; Walden, Ibis, 1873, p. 312 ; Hume,
Str. F. 1874, p. 206.

Adult male. General colour dark slaty grey, with a slight greenish-
grey gloss ; least and median wing-coverts like the back ; greater
coverts slaty grey, with margins of dark ashy grey ; quills black ;
the secondaries with grey on the outer webs, the primaries narrowly-
margined with white ; tail-feathers black, tipped narrowly with
whitish ; a narrow frontal line ; lores and feathers in front of the
eye, feathers above the eye, sides of crown, cheeks, and ear-coverts
black, with a greenish gloss ; chin blackish at base ; throat and chest
dark grey ; rest of under surface white, barred across with black
transverse lines, wider apart and broader on the under tail-coverts ;
under wing-coverts white, barred with the same black cross lines
as the breast ; " bill, legs, and feet black ; iris crimson lake " {Hume).
Total length 11-3 inches, culmeu 1-1, wing 6-3, tail 5, tarsus 0*95.

Adult female. Differs from the male in having the entire under
surface from the chin downwards barred with blackish cross Hues,
instead of the throat and breast being grey : thighs slaty black.
Total length 12 inches, culmen 1"1, wing 6'05, tail 5-3.5, tarsus
0-95.

Young. " Whole chin, throat, and breast strongly tinged with
ferruginous, the tertiaries, secondaries, and later primaries com-
paratively broadly margined and tipped with pale rufous or rufescent
white ; the tertiaries and later secondaries have also a rufous spot
near the point, and exhibit traces of having been barred : some of
the upper tail-coverts, some of the scapulars, and a few of the back-
feathers still remain rufous barred with blackish brown, peeping out
amongst the new iron-grey feathers : a dull rufous supercilium run-
ning from the nostrils over the eyes : the lores are dusky, with tiny
white spots, and the cheeks also are dusky, the feathers white-
shafted, and, from what I can judge, the whole upper surface of the
nestling bird must be banded rufoiis aud dark brown. In other spe-
cimens further advanced the ferruginous patch is smaller and con-
fined to the breast ; no banded feathers remain on the upper surface,
which is like that of the adult, and the conspicuous rufous margins
of the quills have become narrower and paler."' (Hume.)

Hah. Andaman Islands.

a,b. (5 $ ad. sk. Port Blair, South .Indamacs, E. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].
July 1873 {Capt. WimberleAj).

CAMPOOH KKA.

21

CAMPOCH^RA.

Campephaga, pt., auct. recent.
Campochiera. Salmul MSS.

Tail of Campocha'ra aloetii.
Ennge. Confined to New Guinea.

1. Campochaera sloetii.

Campephaga sloetii, Schh<jel, N. T. B. iii. p. 253 ; Graxj, Hand-I. B
]. p. 339, no. 5126; Meyer, Sitz. k. Akad. Wien, Ixx. p. 125;
Salvad. and D' Albert. Ami. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 821.

Campephaga aunilenta, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 692, pi. 54'- Meuer
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 419. ' ^ '

Lalage.P sloetii, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. x. p. 137.

Adult male (type of C. aundenta). General colour above golden
yellow, inclining to olive on the scapulars : lower back, rump, and
upper tail-coverts brilliant golden yellow ; wing-coverts black with
a greenish gloss, the median series narrowly tipped and the greater
series broadly edged with white ; primary-coverts and quills black
with an obscure narrow edging of green ; the inner secondaries mar-
gined with white, slightly tinged with yellow on one or two feathers ;
tail-feathers black, obscurely margined with greenish and tipped with
white, more broadly on the outer feathers : crown of head bluish
grey ; base of forehead, lores, sides of face, and ear-coverts, as well
as the throat and fore neck, black with a greenish gloss ; this black
separated from the grey crown by an intervening band of white,
which forms an eyebrow ; remainder of under surface bright golden
yellow ; under wing-coverts and axillaries white, slightly tinged with
yellow ; quills ashy brown below, white along their "inner webs ;
"bill and feet black: iris black" (D'Albertis). Total length 7-5
inches, culmen 0-5, wing 4-15, tail 3-8, tarsus 0-75. (Mus. Civic.
Genov. )

22

CAMPOPHAGIB^.

Aihtlt female (Mt. Epa, S.E. Now Giiiuoa, DWhertis). Diilci-.s
from the male in bcin^- of a less brilliant yclloAV, the uiantlo more
shaded with olive, and the grc)' head being washed with yellow ;
sides of faee, throat, and fore neck grey, instead of black as in the
male, the feathers in front of and round the eye black, the ear-coverts
also darker grey. Total length T'H inches, culmeu 0'5, wing 4';3,
tail 3-8, tarsus 0*75. {Mus. Civic. Genov.)

Hub. North-western and south-eastern New Guinea.

3. PTEROPODOCYS.

Type.

Pteropodocvs, GotiUl, Birds of Aiisfr. folio, ii. pi. 59

(1840) ; ." P. phasianclla

Tail of Ptcropodoci/!! jjhasiaHcUa (veduced).
Range. Confined to Australia.

1. Pteropodocys phasianella.

Graucalus phasianellus, Gould, R Z. S. 1830, p. 142.
Ceblepyris maxima, Riipp. Mm. Senckcnh. iii. p. 28, Taf iii.
Campephaga phasianella. Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283 ; id. IIand-1. B. i.

p. 337, no. .TOOS.
Pteropodocv'i phasianella. Gould, B. Anstr. ii. pi. 59 ; Bp. Consp. i.

p. 355; ilriehrnh. Voj/'. Neuholl. pp. 427, 283; Hartl. J.f. O. 1864,

p. 446 ; Gould, Iland-l. B. Austr. i. p. 199 ; Ramsay i Pr. Linn.

Soc. N. S. W. ii. pt. 2, p. 181.

Adult. General colour above French grey, the ear-coverts darker,
as also the feathers round and in front of the eye, these darker por-
tions varied with wavy cross lines of dull white ; back, rump, and
upper tail-coverts pure white, with narrow bars of black ; least wing-
coverts dark ashy grey ; remainder of the wing black with some-
what of a greenish gloss, the outer primaries with a narrow edging
of white ; tail-feathers black, white at base, and narrowly tipped

4. GR\rCAT,TJS. 23

with wliitc, tlie outer fealhers cxtornally edge'.l and broadlj- tipped
with white ; throat, fore neck, and cheat grey, rather darker than
the head and mantle ; remainder of under surface white, narrowly
barred with hlack, these bars disappearing towards the vent and
lower abdomen, which, with the under tail-coverts, arc pure white ;
thighs white, bar-red with black ; under wing-coverts and axiUaries
white, as also the inner aspect of the quills ; " bill and feet black,
tinged with olive; irides huffy white" {Gould). Total length
13 inches, culmcn 0-85, wing 7*65, tail 7, tarsus 1-45.

Adult female. Like the male.

H(d). Australia : Wide Bay district ; New South Wales : Interior ;
Victoria : South Australia ; West Australia {Ramsay).

«. Ad. St. Interior of Australia. Captain Stin-t [P.].

b. Ad. sk. Australia. Sir T. Mitchell [P.].

4. GRAUCALUS. ^

Type.

Graucalus, Cuner, Itegne Amni. p. 341 (1817) G. papuensis.

Ceblepyris, Cuvier, Rhine Anim. i. p. 348 (1817) G. canus.

Coracina, Cahanis, Mvs. Hein. Th. i. p. (32 (1850, nee

Vieill.) G. melauops.

Ptiladela, Jacq. ci Puclier. Vot/. Pole Sud, texte, iii. p. 67

(1853) .■ G. boyeri.

Cyanograucalus, Harfl. J.f. O. 1861, p. 170 G. azureus.

Range. From Africa and Madagascar, through India and Ceylon,
the Burmese countries, eastwards to the island of Formosa ;
throughout the ilalayan Arcliipelago, the whole of the Moluccan
and Papuan islands, Australia and Tasmania.

Ki'ij to the Species.

a. Without anj- cross bars of l^lack or blackish grey ou
the abdomen ; sometimes in young bird? only faint
indications ; abdomen never regularly barred
across.
a'. General colour uniform below, the under tail-
coverts of the same colour as the breast and
throat ; upper surface of exactl}- the same colour
as the under surface.
a". Under wing-coverts orange-buff or chestnut,
diiferent from the breast, which is blue-grey.
a'". Under wing-coverts chestnut in male ; 5

with white lores hoyeri, p. 25.

b'". Under wing-coverts fawn-coloiu' or orauge-

bufl'; 5 with grey lores xnl/alaris, p. 26.

b". Under wing-coverts like the breast.

c'". General colour cindery grey, the chin grey;
lores black in the male, grey in the le-

malo ('(ssiifs, p. 26.

d'". General colour azure-blue, tinged with

cobalt, the chin and lores black azureits, p. 27.

24 CAMPOPHAGID.'l':.

c". Tuder wiug-coverts barred with black aud

■white (i.riHans cJ , p- -"•

b'. Under surface of body particoloured and not en-
tirely uniform (in those species which are nearly
all white below the breast is shaded with
grey), difterent from the upper surface.
tl'. Throat black or dark slate-colour.

e'". Size small ; wing not exceeding 5-7 inches.
fl*. Head and neck all round black, the crown
washed with ashy ; rest of under sur-
face below the black throat grey .... citwrem, p. 28.
i'. Upper sui-face light grey : no black fore-
head ; lores, sides of face, throat, and
fore neck blackish slate-colom- ; rest of

under surface white pectnralk S ,

/■'". Size larger; wing 7-7-8-1 inches: upper p. 29.

surface grey ; forehead, feathers round
the eye, sides of face, and throat black ;
fore neck and breast grey, shading into f melanops, p. 30.
white on abdomen and under tail-coverts \^a;-i'»-o»-(f;v'.s,p. 32.
e" . Throat grey or white.

g"'. Rump and upper tail-coverts white UucopyghtSy p. 33.

h'". Eump and upper tail-coverts grey.

c*. With no black on the sides of the face^
which are grey, as also the lores.
«', Much larger ; wing 6 inches : throat
and breast gi-ey ; the abdomen, thighs,

and under tail-coverts ^^ hite javensis, p. 33.

¥. Smaller : below entirely white, the

lower throat aud fore neck ashy gi-ey pectoralk J , p. 29.

d*. Lores and region of the eye black or dusky.

c'. Chin darker than or quite as dark as the

throat and fore neck ; sometimes a

blackish spot between the rami of the

lower j aw.

<f. Under wing-coverts and axillaries

white inacii, p. 34.

b*^. Under wing-coverts and axUlaries buff rer-pinefi, p. .3-').

Chin white or whitish, contrasting with

the greyish throat.

c''. Entire abdomen and flanks pure white ;

thighs white with obscure grey

bases, which are scarcely seen ;

hinder eyelid gTey hypolfuncs, p. 36.

d^. Only the lower part of the abdomen
and under tail-coverts pure white,
the breast entirely grey like the
throat ; thighs dark slaty grey, con-
trasting with the under sm-face ;

hinder rim of eyelid white menicdis, p. 37.

f". Breast entirely light gi'ey, leaving
only the chin, lower abdomen, and
under tail-coverts white : thighs
light grey ; hinder rim of eyelid ^^^^^. 39

^^•^.^■* \scfateri,iJiO.

-1. tJEArcvLus. 25

b. Lmver breast and abdomen barred with black and
white.

<••'. Light grey ; paler on abdomeu and under tail-
coverts, the white bars broader than or equal to
the black ones ; male with black feathers in
front of eye, female with grey Ii'nedhis, p. 40.

d'. Bluish grey ; darker below, the black bars broader
than the white ones in the female ; in the male
the abdomen black, with narrow hair-like cross [p. 41.

lines of white maforensis $ ,

1. Graucalus toyeri.

Choueaii de Boyer, Homhr. et Jacq. Voy. Pok Sud, Atlas Ois.

pi. 9. fig. 3.
Canipephaga boveri, Grai/, Gen. B. i. p. 283 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 355 ;

Gray, P. Z. S. 18-j8, p. 193; id. Cat. B. New Guinea, p. 31; id.

P. Z.S. 1801, p. 43o : Rosenb. J. f. O. 1804, p. 121 ; Finsch, Neu-

Guinea, p. 171 ; Hartl. J. f. O. 1864, p. 154 ; Grai/, Hand-l. B.

i. p. 337, no. 5092 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 697 ; Meyer, Sitz. k.

Ahad. Wien, Ixix. p. 3S8.
Ptiladela boveri, Jacq. et Pucker. Voy. Pole Sud, Zool. iii. p. 68 ; Bp.

r. R. xxxviii. p. 540; Hartl. J. f. O. 1854, p. 163; Sclater, Pr.

Linn. Soc. ii. p. 160.
Oampephaga albilora, Schl, N. T. D. iv. p. 45 ; Meyer, Sitz. k. Akad.

Wien, Ixix. p. 308.
Graucalus strenuus, Gould, B. Nezo Guinea, part ii. (nee Scklegel) ;

.Salvad. Ibis, 1870, p. 277.
Graucalus boveri, Sahad. Anii. Mits. Civic. Genov. x. p. 136.

Adult male (Andai, August 1872, D'Alhertis). General colour
above greyish blue, the least wing-coverts like the back, rest of the
wing-coverts ashy edged with greyish blue : bastard plumes black ;
primary-coverts and primaries black, margined with greyish blue ;
tail-feathers ashy blackish, washed with grey near the base ;
crown of head and nape greyish cobalt, the sides of face and neck
brighter blue and inclining to greyish cobalt ; under surface of body
greyish blue, the chin and upper throat blackish, as well as a spot
at the base of the lower mandible ; plumes at base of bill, lores,
feathers in front of and below the eye, as well as the front half of
the eyelid black ; under wing-coverts and axillaries orange-chestnut,
the edge of the wing greyish blue ; quills ashy below, hoary along
the inner webs ; " bill, feet, and iris black " (D'Albertis). Total
length 9-2 inches, culmen 0-75, vring 5-1, tail 3-9, tarsus 0'9. {Mus.
Civic. Genov.)

Adult female (Ansus, Jobi, April 1873, Br. A. B. Meyer). Differs
from the male in having no black on the face or throat, and in having
■white lores. Total length 8'7 inches, culmen 0'75, wing 4-85,
tail 3"7, tarsus 0"85. {Mns. Dresden.)

Young male (Ansus, April 1873, Dr. A. B. Meyer). Like the old
female, but the base of the forehead and white loral plumes slightly
mixed with blackish plumes, showing the approach to the full male
dress ; secondaries with hoary white edgings, and the outer tail-
feathers tipped with white. (Mus. Dresden.)

Hah. North-western New Guinea ; island of Jobi.

26 CAurorii.vGiD.T;.

2. GraiTcalus sxibalaris.

I'tiliiili'la boyovi, Salvad. Ann. Mici. Civic. Gciiov. ix. p. 26 (nee Gray)
Graucalus subiilaris, Sharpc, MittJi. k. zool. Mits. Dresden, I left iii.

Adult male (Fly Hirer, October lS7o, D'Alhertls ; typo of species).
Similar to G. ho>/cri, but having the black on the throat extending
a little fiirtlier down towards the jugulnm, and distinguished by its
more orange-buff or t'awn-colourcd under wing-coverts and axil-
laries. Total length 8-5 inches, culmen 0*7, wing 4-95, tail 3-8,
tarsus 0-8.5. (J/ms. Civic. Genov.)

Adult female (Hall Bay, D" Alb:'rtis). Differs from the female of
G. ho)/eri in having grey lores instead of white, in addition to the
fawn-coloured under wing-coverts : " bill, feet, and iris black ''
{D'Alhertis). Total length 9-2 inches, culmen O'To, wing 5'3, tail
3-95, tarsus 0-9. (Mus. Civic. Genov.)

Hah. South-eastern New Guinea.

3. Graucalus caesius.

Echenillem' gris, Levaill. Ois. dAfr. iv. p. 47, pis. 162, 163.
Campcphaga cana {nee Gm.), Vieill. N. Diet. x. p. 49 {e.x- Leraill.) ;

id. Gal. Ois. i. pi. cxxx. ; Grill, Zool. Antcckn. p. .3.3 ; Simdev. Crit.

om Levaill. p. 43.
Ceblepyris cassia, Licht. Ve7-z. Douhl. p. 51; Rilpp. Om. M('sr. iii.

p. 24 : Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. G2 ; lip. Consp. i. p. 353 : Ilarfl.

J. f. 0.1865, p. 157; Heuf/l. Om. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 420; Shclleij,

Pm, 1875, p. 76.
Ceblepyris levaillantii, Temm. PI. Col. iii. texte to .art. Cehlepyris.
Campcphaga csesia, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283 ; Harfl. J. f. O. 1865,

p. 157 : Gray, Ilancl-l. B. i. p. 340 ; Sharps, Cat. Afr. B. p. 53,

no. 504.
Campephaga levaillantii, Layard, B. S. Afr. i. p. 513.

Adult male. General colour above and below dark bluish grey,
somewhat lighter on the forehead and sides of the crown ; wing-
coverts lilcc the back, the greater series dusky blackish on the inner
web ; primary-coverts and primaries blackish, narrowly edged with
grey, these margins broader on the secondaries, the innermost of the
latter strongly washed with grey ; tail-feathers blackish, with a
very sliglit wash of grey, the outermost distinctly paler towards the
tip ; round the cj'e a ring of whitish or grey ; lores and feathers in
front of the eye slaty black, the shade of this colour extending on to
the checks ; quills ashy below, whitish on the inner webs. Total
length 10 inches, culmen 0-8, wing 5-05, tail 4"8, tarsus 0-95.

Adult femrde. Similar to the male, but decidedly lighter grey, and
distinguished by the lores being grey instead of blackish. Total
length 10 inches, wing 4-95, tail 4-8, tarsus 0-95,

Mcdj. South Africa.

a. S ad- St. South Africa.

b. 2 ad. St. South Africa. E. Wilson, Esq.

c. 5 ad. St. Knysna, Dec. 24, 1865

{C.J. Anderssoti). R. B. Sliai-pe, Esq.

4. GEAFC.VLTTS. 27

f/.$ ad.sk. Oeor<re ( n. Ahnore). R. B. Sbai-pe, Esq.

e. 5 ad. sk. Eland's Post(r. C. Atmore). R. R. Sharpe, Esq.

/. cj ad. sk. Kiiifj'williamstown. Lieut. Anstey [P.J.

g, h. 5 ad. sk. Peri bush, Kingwilliamstown. Lieut. H. Trevelyan [P.].

4, Graucalus azureus.

Graucalus azureus, Cass. Pr. Phihul. Acad. 1851, p. 348.
Ceblepvris azurea, i?;). C. ^. xxxviii. p. 541 : Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr.

p. 100 ; Cass. Pr. Phi/ad. Acad. 1859, p. 53.
Cyanogn-aucalus aziu'eus, Harfl. J. f. O. 18151, p. 170.
Campepliaga azurea, HaHl. J. f. O. 1865, p. 158 ; Gray, Hnnd-l. B.

i. p. 340, no. 51.37; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 52 ; i'd. Ibis, 1872,

p. 71 ; Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 05 ; Sharpe et Boin-ier, Bull. Soc. Zool.

France, 1877, p. 479.

Adult male. General colour above and below Prussian blue,
brighter and inclining to a shade of cobalt on the head and neck ;
the throat deep blue, with a blackish shade extending from the chin
downwards and overspreading the fore part of the checks ; a narrow
frontal line, lores, and feathers in front of the eye black ; wing-
coverts resembling the back, with dusky bases to the inner webs ;
quills and tail-feathers blackish, externally washed with dark
Prussian blue ; under wing-coverts like the breast ; quills ash)
below, with a lighter grey shade along the inner web. Total length
8-4 inches, culmen 0"7, wing 4-1, tail 3*5, tarsus OS.

The bird I take to be the female is more of a verditer-blue, the
black being confined to the lores and region in front of the eye and
absent on the throat. I have not seen a dissected specimen.

Hah. West Africa, from Sierra Leone to the Congo.

a. S ad. sk. Caiuma River, Gaboon. M. Du Chaillu [C-l.

b. [21 ad. sk. Gaboon. M. Du Chaillu [ C.].

c. [jiad. sk. Femtee (Gov. Us$Ji£r). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

d. [cJ] ad. sk. Enimill, Wassaw, March R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

1872 (H. F. Blissett).

e. [ cJ ] ad. sk. Chissambo, Rio Massabe, MM. Lucan and Petit

Congo. [P.].

."). Graucalus axillaris.

Graucalus axillaris, Sahad. Mus. Civic. Gciiov. vii. p. 925 (tyjie ex-
amined).

Adult male (Mansinam, May 25, 1875, Bruljn: type of species").
General colour above slaty grey, with a cast of lighter and more
bluish grej- ; lesser wing-coverts like the back, the median and
greater scries rather darker grey than the back : quills black, ex-
ternally edged with dark slaty grey; the secondaries outwardly
entirely dark grey like the greater wing-coverts ; tail black, with a
slight ashy shade on the centre feathers ; a narrow frontal line,
lores, and feathers in front of the eye black ; ear-coverts darker
grey than the head ; under surface of body slaty grey, the under
wing-coverts and axillarics barred across with white : quills ashv

D 2

2S CAMrornAfiiT).!:.

black bolow, ^roy on the inner web, which is edged internally with
white. Total length 8-7 inches, culmen 0-75, wing 5-4, tail 4-4,
tarsus 0'8."). (Miis^. Civic. Genov.)

AdtiJt. feiudle (ilausinam, May 2fi, 1875, Bruijn). Differs from
the male in liaving the throat and fore neck aloue slaty grey ; the
rest of the under surface barred with black aud white, the black
bars always the broadest, but especially so on the sides of the body
and on the under tail-coverts. The general tone of the grey upi)er
surface is darker, the quills being blackish and the secondaries nar-
rowly edged with white like the primaries. Total length 9 inches,
culmen 0-8, wing 5-''5, tail 4-4, tarsus 0-85. (Mas. Civic. Genov.)

Young male (ifansinam, May 30, 1875). Like the old female, but
with some of the uniform grey breast-feathers of the adult male
plumage appearing below ; upper tail-coverts tipped with white, of
which there are scarcely any traces in the adult female. Wing 5'4
inches. Tail black, the middle feathers dark slaty grey with a black
tip. {Mas. Civic. Genov.)

Hah. Arfak Mountains, N.W. New Guinea.

(j. Graucaliis cinereus.

Le Grand Gobe-mouche cendrt? de Madagascar, Briss. Oni. ii. p. .389,

pi. xxxvii. fig. 1 ; Daubent. PI. Enl. iv. pi. 541.
Muscicapa cinerea, P. L. S. Midler, Syst. Nat. Anhang, p. 171 ; Cass.

Pr. Philad. Acad. 1864, p. 256.
Ash-coloured Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. 2, p. 332.
Muscicapa kinki', Bodd. Tahl. PI. Enl. p. 31.
Muscicapa cana, 6rw!. Syst. Nat. i. p. 940.
Ceblepvris cana, Cuv. Rcf/iie Anitn. i. p. 348; Temm. Man. d'Orn.

p. IxJi; Ilartl. Orn. Madag. p. 46 ; Roch ^ Newt. Ibis, 1862, p. 273;

E. Newt. Ibis, 1863, p. 348 ; Schl. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 423 ; Grandid.

Bee. et May. de Zool. 1867, p. 388.
Ceblepyris grisea. Lesson, Traite, p. 309.
Campe'phaga cana, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283, pi. 69. fig. 2; Hartl. J. f.

O. 1865, p. 159 ; Schl. Sf Poll. Faun. 3Iaday. Ois. p. 81 ; Sharpe,

Cat. Afr. B. i. p. 53, no. 502 ; Ilartl. Voy. Madag. p. 180.
Campephaga gi-isea, Gi-ay, Gen. B. i. p. 28.3.
Campephaga cinerea. Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 340.
Ceblepyris major, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 389, 1871, p. 314 (type

examined).
Campephaga major, Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 53.

Adult male. General colour above grey, the wing-coverts uniform
with the back ; primary-coverts and primaries black, with a narrow
edging of grey, indistinct on the former ; secondaries black, more
broadly edged with grey, increasing in extent towards the inner-
most, which are entirely grey like the back ; two centre tail-feathers
grey, with a shade of black near the extreme tip, rest of the tail
black, the three outer feathers tipped with grey, increasing in ex-
tent towards the outermost, where the grey forms a broad tip and
extends a little way up the outer web ; head and throat black, the
crown grey, forming a kind of cap ; rest of under surface light grey,
separated from the black throat by a strong shade of white ; thighs

4. GRAUCALUS. 29

rather darker grey tliau the rest of the under surface ; under wing
coverts and axillaries grey like the breast ; quills ashy brown below,
the inner webs greyish white along the edge ; " bill and legs bluish
black, iris brown" {E. Netuton) ; " iris black" (Pollen). Total length
&o inches, culmen 0-7, wing 4-3, tail '&S, tarsus 0-85.

Adult female. Smaller than the male, and having the head only a
little darker than the back, the sides of the face and nape being
rather darker still, but not black ; throat also grey, succeeded by a
patch of creamy white forming an indistinct collar. Total length
7'9 inches, culmen 0-7, wing 4-05, tail 3-7, tarsus 0-85.

Young. Mottled all over, the feathers being brown edged with
yellowish white, before which is a subterminal shade of darker
brown ; quills also edged with yellowish white ; under surface of body
gi'oyish white, mottled wdth brown centres to most of the feathers.

Obs. In deference to the opinions of a practised observer in Mada-
gascar like M. Grandidier, I have here considered my C. major to
be only the adult male of C. caua. I was misled by the fact of two
of the smaller form having been marked as males by Pollen and Van
l)am, whose specimens are still in the Museum.

Hub. Madagascar.

a. Juv. sk. N.E. Madagascar. M. Pollen [C.].

b,c. [cS] ad. sk. N.E. Madagascar ( Va7i Dam). E. B. 8harpe, Esq.

(I, e. 5 ad. sk. Madagascar. Purchased.

/. S ad. sk. Bay of Antouzil, N.E. Mada- R. B. tSharpe, Esq.

gascar.

</, h. [ J ] ad. sk. N. Madagascar (A. Crosslei/). R. B. Shar^e, Esq.

(Types ot C. major.)

t. [ cJ ] ad. sk. N. Madagascar. Mr. A. Crossley [C.].

7. Graucalus pectoralis.

Graucalus pectoralis, Jardine ^- Selby, lU. Orn. ii. pi. 57 ; Swains. B.

W.-Afr. i. p. 249.
Pycnonutus uiveoventer, Less. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 22G.
Ceblepyris pectoralis, liiipp. Mus. Senckeiib. iii. p. 32 ; Hartl. Orn.

W.-Afr. p. 99 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 432 ; Heucil. Orn. N.O.-Afr.

i. p. 418 ; Giirneij, in Amlerss. B. JJain. Ld. p. 134 ; Bocaye, Orn.

Angola, p. 205.
Campephaga pectoralis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283 ; Hartl. J. f. O.

18U5, p. 158 ; Gray, Iland-l. B. i. p. 283 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. i. p. 53,

no. 503.
Ceblepyris cinerascens, Bp. Consp. i. p. 353 {ex Temm. MS. in Mus.

Luyd.).
Graucalus freuatus, Heuql. J.f. 0. 1804, p. 255.
Campephaga frenata, Hartl. J.f. 0. 1805, p. 158; Gray, Hand-l. B.

i. p. 340, uo. 5130.
Campephaga anderssoui, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 70, pi. iv.

Adult male. General colour above French grey, a little lighter on
the sides of the crown ; wuigs like the back, the quills blackish on
their inner webs, the primaries blackish, edged with French grey ;
tail-feathers blackish, with a steel-green gloss on their margins, tho
two centre feathers rather duller grev than the back, the outermost

30 CAMPornAciD-i;.

tbuthcr paler towards the tip, -which is white ; round the eye a ritig
of silvery- j^-rcy feathers ; lores, sides of face, car-coverts, cheeks, and
entire throat dark slaty grey, contrasting with the hack and extend-
ing a little way on to the neck ; rest of under surface pure white,
including the under wing-coverts and inner lining of the (juills ;
"■ bill and feet black ; iris brown " (Anchicia). Total length 9 iuchcs,
culmcu OvS;"), wing 5-65, tail -l-l, tarsus 0-85.

Adult female (type of C. nnderssoni). Above delicate grey, a little
lighter on the rump ; wing-coverts uniform with the back ; quills
ashy browu, exteriorly margined with white, the outer web of the
inner secondaries light grey, the innermost secondaries being entirely
of this colour; tail black, narrowly tipped with white, the two
middle feathers ashy grey, with obscure cross-markings in some
lights, tlic outer section white on the outer web ; base of the fore-
head and feathers in front of and round the eye white ; the space
between the base of the bill and the eye black ; the entire under
surface of the body pure white, the throat with a cresccnt-likc band
of clear grey, cntting off the chin from the breast, both of these being
pure white : bill and feet black. Total length 9 inches, of bill from
front 0-7, wing 5-4, tail 4-7, tarsus 0-85.

ifab. Africa; Senegambia; N.E.Africa g-enerally ; Ovampo Laud,
S.W. Africa.

rt. 2 ad. sk. Africa. J- Gould, Esq.

b. cJ ad. St. Abyssinia.

c, d. c? ad. sk. Senegambia. Purchased.

c. 2 ad. sk. Ovaquenyama, Ovampo Land, 11. L. Sbaipe, Esq. (Type
June 25, 1867 (C.j;^wf/ers- of C. underssoui.)
son).

8. Graucalus melanops.

Black-faced Crow, Lath. Gen. Sijn. Suppl. ii. p. 116.

Corvus melanops, Lath. Ind. Orn. Siqj/d. ii. p. xxiv.

? Ivollier a masque noir, Levaill. Ois. Parad. i. pi. 30.

Ceblepyiis melanops, Temm. Man. d'Orn. i. p. Ixii; Wugler. Sj/st. Av.

art. Carats, App. sp. 4 ; Midi. ^ Schl. Natuurl. Gesch. Land- en

Volkcnk. p. 190.
Coracina melanops, Vicill. N. Diet. viii. p. 7; Cab. Mms. Heiyi. Th. i.

p. 02.
Graucalus melanops, Vigors iif Hwsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 210;

Gutdd, Si/n. B. Austr. part iv. ; id. £. Austr. folio, ii. pi. 55 ; Bp.

Consp. i. p. 352 ; Eeichenb. Vog. NeuJwll. pp. 108, 282 ; Sclater,

I'r. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 159 ; Boscnb. J. f. O. 1864, p. 121 ; Ilartl.

J. f. 0. 1804, p. 437 ; Gotdd^ Hahdb. B. Austr. i. p. 192 ;

Bu'ller, B. A\'zv Zealand, p. 148 ; Masters, Ir. Linn. Soc. N. S. W.

i. p. 48 ; Salvad. Sf D' Albert. Ann. Mns. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 820 ;

Salmd. op. cit. ix. p. 27 ; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii.

p. 180.
Graucalus papuensis, Viy. ^- Horsf. Tr. Linn. S<,c. xv. p. 216 (//ec

Cm I'.).
Graucalus melanoti.^, Gvtdd, P. Z. S. 18.]7, p. 143 ; id. Syn. B. Austr.

part iv.
Cumpepiuigii uiclanotis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283.

4. GRAUCALUS. 31

Cumiirphaga mdauops, (jniy, (len. B. i. p. 28o ; id. P. Z. 8. 1858,
pp. 17U, 11)3; id. Cat. B. New Guinea, p. 32; id. P. Z. S. 18G1,
p. 435; Finsch, Nexi-Guinea, p. 171 ; Gray, Hand-l, B. i. p. 330,
no. 5004.

Cdllinicincla conciuna, Hutton, Cat. B. Ncic Zealand, p. 15; id. Ibis,
1^7-2, p. 201.

Adult male (Yule Island, May 2G, 1875, D' Alhertis). General
colour above light French groy, the wing-coverta like the hack, with
edgings of still lighter grey ; primarj'-coverts and primaries black,
externally edged Avith grey, inclining to white towards the tips of
the quiUs ; secondaries Idack, the outer aspect of the feathers light
grey on the innermost, with the outer web grey and the inner one
black ; two centre tail-feathers ashy grey, blacker towards the tip,
which is white, all the other feathei's black, washed with grey
towards the base and tipi)ed with white, which increases in extent
towards the outermost feather, which is also edged with white alojig
tlie outer web ; entire forehead, feathers above the eye, ear-coverts,
sides of face, sides of neck, entire throat, and fore neck black, with
a greenish gloss, fading off paler towards the chest, which is iron-
grey, becoming gradually lighter and more delicate grey on the sides
of the body, so as to leave only the lower abdomen and under tail-
coverts pure white ; thighs grey ; under wing-coverts and axillaries
pure white, as also the inner liiiing of the quills, which are other-
wise ashy grey below; "bill black; feet dull ashy; iris black"
(D'Alherlis). Total length 12"5 inches, culmen 1-05, wing 7'C5,
tail 5-75, tarsus 1*05. (Mus. Civic. Genov.)

Ohs. Not having a good adult male from Australia in the Museum
collection, I have described a lino specimen from Yule Island which
appears to me to be identical. This species varies much in size, but
it is impossible to believe in the existence of more than one species ;
and G. jMrvirostris is little more than a race of the present bird.

c?, Louisiade Islands, wing 8"1 inches; 5, N.W. Australia,
wing 7*1 inches. These two seem to be the extremes, and every
intermediate link between them can be found.

Adult female. Like the adult male (Gutdd).

Young. Differs from the adiUt in wanting the black forehead and
throat, only the lores, feathers round the eye, and ear-coverts being
black ; breast grey ; throat whitish, with wavy bars of dusky blackish,
the breast with remains of greyish bars.

Hub. The whole of Australia, but replaced in Tasmania by the
next species ; S.E. New Guinea, Aru Islands, Ke Islands, Amboina,
Louisiade Archipelago.

a. Imni. sk. Australia. J. Gould, Esq. [C.].

b. Juv. sk. Australia. Sir D. Cooper [P.].

e. S -ad. sk. N.W. Australia, Jan. 17, J. 1{. Elsoy, Esq. [P.].

1850.
il, <■• 6 ,/• $ i"im. sk. N. W. Australia, Mav 1 , J. U. Elscy, Esq. [P.].

lf<5().
f/. cJ imm. sk. (^imillsland, Sept. 1855. .1. 1\. Elsey, Esq. [P.].

32 CAMPOPHAGID>35.

/(. d" ad. sk. Ohaunmiit Ifle, Louisi- Capt. Stanley [P.].

ade Aivliipelago {J.

M(tv<iillivv(iii),
)'. Iium.sk. Port Moresby ,'S.E. New Dr. Turner [C.].

Guinea.
k. (5 imni. sk. Amboyna. A. H. Wallace, Esq.

/, >n. 2 iuHu. sk. Aru Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq.

m

Subsp. a. Graucalus parvirostris.

Graucalus parvirostris, Gould, P. Z. S. 18.37, p. 143 ; id. Si/n. B. Anstr.

part iv. ; id. B. Auatr. folio, Ititr. p. xxxv ; Bp. Con.^). i. p. 353 ;

Jieichenb. Vo(j. NeiiJioU. p. 283 ; Gould, Handh. B. Austr. i. p. 194 ;

Ramsn>i, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. part 2, p. 180.
Ceblepyris (Graucalus) parvirostris, Jtiipp. 3Ius. Senckenh. ii. p. 36.
Campepliaga parvirostris, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283 ; id. Hand-l. B.

i. p. 336, no. 5065.

Adult male. General colour light French grey, the wing-coverts
like the back ; bastard plumes black ; primary-coverts black, exter-
nally edged with Hght grey ; quills black, edged and tipped with
white ; the secondaries internally black, light grey on the outer web,
Avith an external edging of white ; two centre tail-feathers ashy
grey, rather darker than the back ; remainder of tail-feathers black,
more or less grey towards the base, and tipped with white, more
broadly towards the outermost, which is also ashy along the outer
web ; fore part of crown and forehead, entire sides of face, and
feathers above the eye, sides of neck, and entire throat greenish
black ; breast grey as well as the sides of the body ; thighs grey ;
the lower abdomen, vent, and under tail-coverts white ; under wing-
covcrts, axillaries, and inner lining of quills white, the latter ashy
grey below ; "bill and feet broMTiish black" (Gould). Total length
12'5 inches, culmen 0"85, wing 7"85, taU 5-95, tarsiis l-l.

Adult fenude. Like the male. Total length 12 inches, culmen
0"85, wing 7*3, tail 5-8, tarsus 1.

Younger birds have the forehead blackish, mixed with grey, not
black as in the adult ; lores, feathers round the eye, and ear-coverts
black ; throat and cheeks white, with arrow-shaped bars of black
on the throat.

Hah. South Australia and Tasmania.

(/. Ad. st. Tasmania. Ronald Gunn, Esq. [P.].

h,c. cJad.sk. Tasmania. Ronald Gunn, Esq. [P.].

o. [$] ad.sk. Tasmania. Ronald Gunn, Esq. [P.].

e, /'. c? ad. sk. Tasmania. Antarctic Expedition [0.].

//.■ S fid. sk. Tasmania. Sir T. Mitchell [P.].

/(, i. (S ,k. 2 ad. sk. South Australia. Sir George Grey [P.].

/. cJ ad. St. South Australia. Sir George Grej' [P.].

711. Jim. .St. Australia.

«. 5 juv. sk. " Three Isles near Cape Capt. Stanlev [P.].

Bedford, July 29,

1848" (J. 3Ifw<iil-

livray).

4. GRAUCALFS. 33

9. Graucalus leucopygius.

Graucalus leucopygius, Bj). Consp. i. p. 354; Hartlauh, J. f. 0. 1864,
p. 4J3 ; Witlden, Tr. Z. S. viii. p. 08 ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic.
Genov. vii. p. Qo7 ; Brii(/(iem. Ahhandl. Ver. Brem. v. p. 71.

Campephaga leucdpvgius, Finsch, Keu-Guinea, p. 172 ; Gray, Hund-l.
B. i. p. 337, no. 5074.

Adult male. General colour above dark ashy grey, the scapulars
and lesser wing-coverts like the back ; the greater series and the
quills blackish, narrowly margined with ashy grey ; lower rump and
upper tail-coverts white ; tail-feathers black, outer ones ashy at tip,
the centre ones shaded with ashy towards the base ; feathers at base
of forehead, lores, feathers above and below the eye, upper ear-
coverts, and chin black ; remainder of the sides of face, throat, and
breast dark ashy grey, fading paler towards the abdomen, which,
with the lower Hanks, vent, and under wing- and tail-coverts, is
Avhite ; quills ashy below, white along the inner webs of the
feathers ; thighs ashy grey. Total length 11*5 inches, culmen 1-05,
wing 6, tail 5, tarsus 0-95.

Adult female. Differs from the male in being lighter grey, and in
having no black on the lores or sides of face. Total length 11-5
inches, culmen 0-9, wing 5'9, tail 4-9, tarsus 0-9.

Young female. Differs from the adult in having conspiciious
white tips to the tail-feathers, the secondaries being broadly edged and
tipped with white, the primaries more narrowly. The general colour
of the upper surface is light grey, as also are the sides of the face,
throat, and breast, the grey not extending so far down as in the
adult, and all traces of black on the lores and round the eyes being
absent ; white upper tail-coverts tipped with brown ; breast with
dusky bars of grey ; thighs white, varied with grey. Total length
11 inches, culmen 0-9, wing 5-6, tail 4-8, tarsus 0-9.

This specimen still has a few of the young feathers remaining,
whence it seems that the white edgings to the secondaries and tail-
feathers are signs of youth.

Hah. Celebes.

a,b. (S ^ ad. sk. Macassar, Celebes. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.

c. 5 imm. sk. Macassar. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.

f?. [ $ ] ad. sk. Menado. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.

10. Graucalus javensis.

Ceblepyris javensis, Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 145 ; Rupp. Mug.

Senchenh. iii. p. 27.
Campephaga javensis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283; id. Hand-l. B. i.

p. 336, no. 5071.
Coracina javensis, Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 62.
Graucalus javeusis, Blyth, Cat. B. Mii^. A. S. B. App. i. p. xii ; Bp.

Consp. i. p. 354 ; Horsf. iS'- Moore. Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. i. p. 174,

no. 232 ; Hart I. J. f. 0. 1864, p. 441.

Adult female. General colour light ashy grey, a little paler on the

34 CAMPOPHAGIDiE.

nimp and upper tail-coverts ; least wing-coverts like the back ;
median and greater coverts ashy grey, cxlornally edged with lighter
grey, the inner greater coverts externally margined with white ;
primary-coverts black, externally margined with ashy, whitish at
the tips ; (juills black, edged narrowly with white, gJ'cycr near the
base ; secondaries lighter grey, blackish on the inner web and
broadly edged with white on the outer ; two centre tail-feathers
ashy grey, tipped with white, the rest of the feathers black, shaded
with grey near the base and conspicuously tipped with white, more
broadly on the outennost, which is white also along the outer web ;
lores, feathers round the eye, and sides of face slaty grey, darker
tliau the back ; throat and breast duller ashy grey than the upper
suiiace, gradually fading paler towards the abdomen, which is white
as well as the under tail-covens ; sides of body, flanks, and thighs
grey ; under wing-coverts white as well as the axillarics and inner
lining of the quills, the latter otherwise ashy grey below. Total
length 11 inches, culmen I'Uo, wing G'05, tail 4*75, tarsus 1-05.
Huh. Java.

a. Ad. sk. Java (Horsjield). Hon. East-India Co. [P.].

b. 2 ad. sk. W. Java. A. li. WaUace, Esq. [C.].

11. Graucalus macii.

Graucahis macii, Lesson, Traite, p. 349 ; Bltjth, Cat. B. Miis. A. S. B.
p. 100 ; Bp. Coiisp. i. p. 354 ; Horsf. ^- Moore, Cat. B. Mas. E. I.
Co. i. p. 17.J ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 417 ; Godivin-Aiist. J. A. 8. B.
xxxix. p. 99; Ball, Sir. F. 1873, p. Go; Hume, op. cit. 1874,
p. 204 ; Adam, t. c. p. 400 ; IMne, Str. F. 1875, p. 94 ; id. Nests ^
E<igs Ind. B. p. 181 ; Bhjtli ^- Waldcn, B. Burm. p. 123 ; Butkr,
sir. F. 187G, p. 39 ; Fairb. t. c. p. 256; Armstr. t. c. p. 310; Hume,
op. cit. 1877, p. 29 ; Fairb. t. c. p. 400 ; Hume ^- Davison, Str. F.
1878, p. 210.

Graucalus nipalensis, Hodr/s. Ind. Rev. i. p. 327.

Ceblepyris papuensis, Jerd. Madr. Journ. x. p. 242 (liec Gm.).

Campephaira macei, Grai/, Gen. B. i. p. 283 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 330,
no. ?>0&S.

Graucalus layardi, Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 368 ; Jerd. Ibis, 1872, p. 117 ;
Wald. Ibis, 1873, p. 311.

Campephaga pusilla, " Blyth," Gray, Hand-l. B. 1. p. 337, no. 5086.

Adult male. General colour above French grey, the wing-coverts
uniform with the back ; the bastard wing black ; primary-coverts
black, externally edged with ashy grey ; quills black, with a narrow
margin of white ; the secondaries black, with a narrow whitish tip,
the outer webs grey like the back, the margins white ; two cesitre
tail-feathers dark French grey, tipped with white, the nest ones
black, broadly tipped with white, and with grey bases increasing in
extent towards the middle of the tail ; outer feathers black, broadly
tipped with white and externally grey ; a narrow frontal line,
featliers in front of and below the eye, and feathers at gape black ;
ear-coverts and sides of face rather darker grey than the head : cliin
blackish at base ; cheeks and under surface of body French grey, the

4. GRACCALUS. 35

lower abdomen, vent, and under tail-coverts pure white ; thighs
grey ; under wing-coverts and axillaries white, with a few trans-
verse lines of grey near the edge of the wing ; quills ashy below,
white along the inner web. Total length 11-8 inches, culmen 1*05,
wing 7*1, tail 0, tarsus 1-05.

Adult female (Kamptee, Br. Hinde). Differs from the male in
being lig"hter grey, and in having the feathers of the lower back,
rump, and upper tail-coverts margined with whitish ; the greater
wing-coverts and quiUs with whitish edges ; tail-feathers browner
than in the male and with less distinct white tips ; lores hoary grey ;
ear-coverts darker grey than the head ; feathers in front of and
below the eye black : cheeks and under surface of body white, barred
transversely with blackish lines ; the lower abdomen, vent, and under
tail-coverts white ; thigh white, barred with black. Total length
ll'O inches, culmen 1, wing 6*4, tail 5*2, tarsus 1.

Obs. Specimens from Southern India seem to be rather smaller and
have the grey on the breast less extended ; whig o-iJo to (rl inches.
The birds from this part are Grauealus ?ai/ardi, Elyth (ef. Walden, Ibis,
1873, p. 310); but although birds from Darjiling do show some
differences from Madras examples, those from North-western India
are intermediate, and I am unable to define specific characters.

Hab. India and Ceylon, ranging into the Burmese countries.

a. 5 ad. sk. India.

b. cJ ad. sk. India. Pm'chased.

c. c? ad. sk. Madras. T. C. Jerdon [P.].

d. (S ad. sk. Madi-as. Eev. H. H. Baber [P.].

e. 2 ad. St. Madras. Rev. II. H. Baber [P.].
f,g. 6 2 ad. sk. Kamptee, C. India. Dr. B. Ilmde [P.].

h. ad. sk. Mysore. Capt. C. H. T.MarshaU [P.] .

i. 2 ad. sk. Sassowlie, Jan. 18G9. Colonel Start [P.].

k. 9 ad. sk. Gondul, Kattiawar, Major J. Hayes Lloyd [P.].

Nov. 28, 1871.

I. 2 ad. sk. Eajlvote, Nov. 21, 1871. Major J. Hayes Lloyd [P.].

VI, n. c? 2 ad. sk. N.\Y. Himalayas. Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill

o. 2 ad. St. Behar. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

p, a. S ad. sk. Darjiling. J. Fotheiiuixbam, Esq. [C.].

r, s. <S ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

t. cS ad. sk. Nazeerah, Upper Assam. P. B. Sbarpe, Esq. [P.].

u. (S ad. sk. Tsagine, Upper Bmmah, Dr. J. Anderson [C.J.

Dec. 27, 1874.
V. S ad. sk. Bassem, Pegu. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.].

w. S ad. sk. Port Blah, South Anda- P. B. Sbarpe, Esq. [P7].

mans, May 20, 1873

( Capt. Wuitber/et/).

12. Grauealus rex-pineti,

Grauealus rcx-piucti, Sninhoe, Ihk, IfcGo, p. 2G5, 18G6, pp. 39.3,402,
1870, p. 242; id. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 378; Ila/a. J. f. O. 1864,
p. 439: David cN- On.itaUt, Ois. Chine, p. 102.

Campephaga rex-pineti, Oray, Uand-l. li. i. p. 33G, no. o068.

36 CAMPOPHAGlDiE.

Adult. General colour light ashy grey, rather darker on the head
and lighter on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; -wing-coverts ashy
grey like the back, the inner secondaries also ashy grey, lighter
grey along the edge of the outer web, the inner web blackish ; quills
black, narrowly edged with grey on the outer web ; two centre tail-
feathers darker ashy grey, tipped with white, the rest of the tail
black, washed with grey near the base, the white tips increasing in
size towards the outer feather, which is ashy whitish along the
outer web ; feathers at base of forehead, lores, feathers round the
eye, and the sides of face and ear-coverts black ; throat and breast
deep ashy grey, the abdomen and under tail-coverts white ; the
thighs grey, with indistinct darker cross-markings, which are appa-
rent also on the lower breast and sides of body ; under wing-coverts
and axillaries butf, as also the inner lining of the quills, which are
otherwise ashy grey below ; edge of wing with narrow wavy lines
of black, remains of which are also apparent on the axillaries. Total
length 11-5 inches, culmen 0-9, wing 6-45, tail 5-2, tarsus 1.

Hah. Island of Formosa.
a. Ad. sk. Formosa. E,. Swiuhoe, Esq. [C.].

13. Graucalus hypoleucus.

Graucalus hypoleucus, Gotdd, P. Z. S. 1848, p. 38 ; id. B. Aitdr.

folio, ii. pi. 57 ; Reichenh. Viig. Neiiholl. pp. 233, 2V>Z ; Macyill.

Contf. Orn. 1850, p. 101; Bp. Consp. i. p. 354; Bose)ib. J.f. O.

1864, p. 121; Hartl. t. c. p. 444; Eamsay, Ibis, 1865, p. 84;

Gotdd, Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 196; Meyer, Sitz. k. Akad. Wien,

Ixix. p. 606; Salvad. ^ D' Albert. Ann.. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii.

p. 820 ; Masters, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. i. p. 48 ; Salvad. Ann.

Mus. Civic. Genov. xii. p. 326 ; Forbes, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 122 ;

Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. pt. 2, p. 180.
Canipephaga hypoleuca, Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 179 ; id. Cat. B. N.

Guinea, p. 32 ; id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 435 ; Finsch, A'eu-Guinea,

p. 171 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 337, no. 5078.
Graucalus angustifrons. Sharpie, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. xiii. pp. 3,

499 ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. ix. p. 27.

Adult. General colour above delicate French grey, the wing-
coverts a little darker than the back ; bastard plumes black : primary-
coverts and primaries black, narrowly edged with grey, white on
the latter ; secondaries black, externally washed with grey and nar-
rowly margined with white, the innermost secondaries grey on the
outer web, black on the inner one ; two centre tail-feathers dull
grey, darker towards the tip, the rest black, grey towards the base
and tipped with ashy, broader on the outer feathers, which have an
inner margin of white at the end of the inner web ; sides of face
light grey like the crown ; a narrow frontal band, lores, feathers in
front of and below the eye black, which colour encircles the fore
part of tlie eye, fringing the black forehead, and does not extend
onto the ear-coverts ; cheeks and throat white, the latter gradually
shading off into the pale grey fore neck and breast ; lower breast,
abdomen, and under tail-coverts, as well as the entire flanks, pure

4. GRAUCALUS.

37

white ; thighs grey ; under wing-coverts and axillaries pure white ;
quills ashy bolow, white along the inner webs ; bill blackish
brown (Gould), black (D'Alhertis) ; legs and feet black, the insides
of the feet and spaces between the scales of the tarsi mealy grey
{Gould) ; iris brownish black (Gould), black (D'Alhertis). Total
length !)-5 inches, culmen O'Do, wing 3*7, taU 4";2, tarsus 0"9.

Adult fi'malc. Like the male, but the black on the face duller and the
secondary quills and greater wing-coverts broadly edged with white on
the outer web ; the tail-feathers also conspicuously tipped with white.
Total length 10*5 inches, culmen 0'95, wing 5*75, tail 4-5, tarsus 0'95.

Obs. This species comes very close to the female of G. mentalis,
from which it is distinguished by its smaller dimensions. In the
last-named bird the black beneath the eye is extended also onto the
upper edge of the ear-coverts.

Head of Gfraucalus hi/pokucus, to show region of the eye.

Hab. Northern Australia and Queensland, South-eastern New
Guinea, Aru Islands.

[ 5 1 ad. sk.
[5] ad. sk.
[ $ ] ad. sk.
cJ ad. sk.

cJ ad. sk.

2 ad. sk-.
h. d 2 ad. sk.

Port Albany.
Port Boweu.
Gould Island.
Port Moresby.

Port Moresby.
Port Moresby.
Aru Islands.

Pm'cliased.

Godeffroy Museimi.
J. B. Jukes, Esq. [P.].
Rev. S. Macfarlane [C.].

of »S'. atiffustifrons.)
0. C. Stone, Esq. [C.].
Dr. Turner [C.].
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.].

(Type

14. Graucalus mentalis.

Graucalus mentalis, Vk/. i^- Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 217 (type

examined) ; Gould, Syn. B. Austr. part iv. ; id. B. Austr. folio, li.

pi. 56 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 354 ; Reichenb. Vog. Kenholl. pp. 23.3, 283 ;

Hartlaub, J.f. 0. 1864, p. 439 ; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 195;

Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. pt. 2, p. 180.
Ceblepyris (Graucalus) mentalis, Biipp. Mus. Senckmb. iii. p. 3G.
Campephaga mentalis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283; id. Hand-l. B. i.

p. 336, no. 5007.

Adult male. Above dark French grey, lighter on the lower back,
rump, and upper tail-coverts ; wing-coverts like the back ; bastard
wing-feathers black ; primary-coverts black, externally washed with
dark gi'ey ; quills black, the primaries margined with hoary white,
the secondaries externally grey like the back and edged with white.

38

CAMPOPHAGIDiE.

broacler towards tho ends of the feathers, the inucrmost secondaries
grey on the outer web, black on the inner one ; two centre tail-
feathers ashy grey, blackish towards the tips, which are white, the
rest of the tail-feathers black, broadly tipped with white and washed
with grey towards the base : outer feather browner than the others
and more broadly tipped with white ; a frontal band, lores, and
feathers surrounding the eye black ; the sides of the face and ear-
coverts grey like the crown, the black of the face extending about
halfway above the eye and extending l)elow on the upper edge of
the ear-coverts : fore' part of eyelid black, the hinder edge of it
white ; checks and throat white, with a spot of black at the base of
the lower mandible ; lower throat, fore neck, and breast light French
grey, the lower abdomen and under tail-coverts pure white ; thighs
slaty grey ; under wing-coverts and axillaries pure white, as well
as the inner lining of the quills, which are otherwise ashy below ;
"bill black; feet dark brown; iris dark brown" (Gould). Total
length 10-2 inches, culmen 0-85, wing G'-lo, tail 5-2, tarsus 0-95.

Touncj. In extreme youth, or during the first few months after it
has left tho nest, the* throat, chest, and back of the neck are jet-
black, while the breast and abdomen are rayed with obscure arrow-
shaped markings of the same colour on a greyish-white ground ;
from this state individuals in every variety of change, to the uniform
grey throat and head with black lores and mark under the eye, are
to be met with (Gould).

U^.

w "---'-'--

m'

/

^4

Head of Graucalus mentalis, to show region of the eye.

Hah. Australia : Rockingham Bay, Port Denison, Wide Bay
district, Kichmoud and Clarence river districts. New South Wales,
Victoria (Ramsay).

rt.Juv.sk. South Australia. Linneau Society [P.J. (Type

of species.)

b, c. Ad. sk. South Austraha. Sir George Grey [P.].
d. S ad. sk. MuiTay River, South Su" George Grey [P.].

c. Ad. sk. Australia. ' Sir T. Mitchell [P.].
/. Ad. sk. Lake Elphinstone. Museum Godeffroy.
(/. Imm. St. Australia.

h, i. Imm. st. Australia. J. Gould, Esq. [C.].

k. Pidl.; I. Ad. st. Adelaide. Purchased.

4. OEArCALITS. 39

15. Graucalus papuensis.

Le Clioucavi do la Nouvelle Guinoe, TJatihciit. P/. Enl. iii. pi. G30;

Month. H. N. Ois. iii. p. 81.
Papuan Crow, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. 382.
Corvus papuensis, Gm. Si/st. Nat. i. p. 3710.
Coraciua papuensis, Vieill. N. Diet. viii. p. 6 ; Cab. Mus. Ilein. Th. i.

p. 62, note.
Graucalus papiiensis, Cuvier, R^f/ne Anim. 1817, vol. i. p. 34 ; Less.

Man. cTOrn. i. p. 144; Bp. Consp. i. p. 354; Sclnter, I'r. Linn. Soc.

ii. p. 159; Jiosenh. J.f. O. 1864, p. 121; Hartl. torn. cit. p. 442;

Suntlev. Av. Meth. Tent. p. 22 ; Meyer, Sitz. k. Akad. Wien, Ixix.

p. 505; Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civic. Genov. ra. p. 771, x. p. 136.
Ceblepyris albiventris, Wayler, Syst. Av. art. Corvus, App. sp. 9.
Ceblepp-is papuensis, Midler, Natuurl. Geschied. Land- en Folkenk.

p. 191 ; Itiipp. 3L(S. Scnckenb. iii. p. 33.
Ceblepyris (Graucalus) aliinis, Iliipp>. 3Ius. Senckcnh. iii. p. 38.
Choucari de Desgi-az, Ilomhr. et Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud, Atlas Ois.

pi. 7. fig. 1.
Campepliaga papuensis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283 ; id. P. Z. S. 1858,

p. 193 ; id. Cat. B. Xcw Guinea, p. 31 ; id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 435 ;

Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 171 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 337, no. 5082.
Campephaga desgrazii, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283 ; id. P. Z. S. 1858,

p. 193 ; id. Cat. B. Neiv Gttinea, p. 31 ; id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 435 ;

Finsch, Neu- Guinea, p. 171 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 337. no. 5083.
Graucalus desgrazii, Bp. Consp. i. p. 355; Jacq. et Pucker. Voy.

Pole Sud, Zool. iii. p. 64 ; Sclater, I^\ Linn. Soc. ii. p. 159 ; Hosenb.

J. f. O. 1864, p. 121.
Campephaga melanolora, Gray, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 353, 1861, p. 435;

Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 171 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 336. no. 5075.
Graucalus melanolorus, Hartl. J. f. O. 1864, p. 443 ; Meyer, Sitz. k.

Akad. Wien, Ixix. p. 505.

Adult male. General colour above French grey, the wing-coverts
like the back, the greater scries ■with an edging of lighter grcj' ;
bastard wing black, narrowly margmed with white ; primarj'-
coverts black, externally ashy grey ; quiUs black, narrowly mar-
gined with ashy grey, the secondaries more broadly grey on the
outer web, the inner ones edged also with white, the innermost
black on the inner web, grey on the outer ; rump and upper tail-
covcrts lighter grey than the rest of the upper surface ; two centre
tail-feathers grey, blackish towards the tips, which arc narrowly
edged with white ; remainder of tail-feathers black, washed with
grey at the base and tipped with ashy, narrowly edged with whitish ;
a narrow frontal band, lores, fcatliers below the eye and at base of
lower mandible black, this colour, however, not encircling the eye,
the hinder part of the eyelid being grey like the sides of the face ;
cheeks grey like the ear-coverts ; under surface of body light French
grey, the chin white, the abdomen and under tail-coverts white ;
sides of body and thighs light grey ; under wing-coverts and axilla-
ries white ; quills a^hy grey below, white along the inner webs ;
"bill, feet, and iris black" (D'Alhertis). Total length 10 inches,
culmen 0-9-5, wing 5-7, tail 4*2 tarsus 0*95.

Adult female. Not to be distinguished from the male except by

40 cAMropaAoiDiE.

the duller black of the lores and frontal band. Total length lO-o
inches, culmen 1, wing 5"2, tail 4")j, tarsus 1.

Obs. I have united G. melanohrus of Gray from Batchian and
the neighbouring Molucca islands, as it differs only in its slightly
larger size.

Young female (Andai, N.AV. New Guinea, July 1873, Dr. A. B.
Meyer). Differs from the adults in being lighter and purer French
grey on the upper surface, as also in the centre tail-feathers, which
are white at the tips and have no subtermiual blackish shade ;
secondaries white on the outer web, the innermost almost entirely
so, the primaries edged and tipped with white ; throat white, as
also the breast and abdomen, leaving only the jugular region and
chest grey. This example still retains a few of the mottled plumes
of the young dress. (J/».s. Dresden.')

Hah. New Guinea and adjacent islands, Batchian, Gilolo, Ter-
nate, Tidore, Morty Island.

n, b. (5 ad. sk. Arfak Mountains. M. Laglaize [C.].

c, d. Ad. sk. Salwatti. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

e. 2 ad. sk. Mysol. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C' .

f,ff- d, h, i. 2 ad. sk. Batchian. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

(Types of C. melanolora).

k. Ad. sk. Gilolo. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

/. 2 ad. sk. Ternate. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.l.

in. Ad. sk. Morty Island. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.].

16. Graucalus sclateri.

Graucalus melanolorus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 3.
Graucahis papuensis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 101.
Graucalus sclateri, Salvad. Ami, Mus. Civic. Genov. xii. p. 325 (ex
Fiiisch MS. in Mus. Brem.).

Adult (New Ireland ; t}'pe of species). Similar to 0. papiiensis,
but larger and more dingy ash-grey ; under surface of body much
whiter and tinged with dull ashy grey on the breast instead of light
bluish grey. Total length 11-5 inches, culmen 1-1, wing 6-5, tail
5-3, tarsus 1-1. {Mus. Brem.)

Hah. New Ireland.

17. Graucalus Uneatus.

Ceblepyris lineata, Swains. Zool. Journ. i. p. 466; Riipp. Mus,

Senckenb. iii. p. 30.
Graucalus swainsoni, Gmdd, Syn. B. Austr. part iv. ; id. B. Austr.

folio, ii. pi. 58 ; Reichenb. Vog. Neuhdl. pp. 107, 283 ; Bp. Consp.

i. p. 354; Hartl. J.f. O. 1864, p. 445; Gould, Handb. B. Austr.

i. p. 197 ; Ramsay, 'ibis, 1865, p. 84.
Campephaga lineata, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283.
Campephaga swaiusoni, Fitisch, Neu-Guinea, p. 171 ; Gray, Hand-l,

B. i. p. 337, no. 5079.
Graucalus Uneatus, Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Sac. N. S. W. ii. pt. 2, p. 180.

no. 109.

4. GRAFCALUS. 41

Adult. General colour above dark Freuch grey, the wing-coverts
uniform with the back, the greater series with a narrow white
edging ; bastard plumes black, edged with white ; primary-coverts
and (juills black, externally grey with a narrow white margin, the
innermost secondaries black on the inner web, grey on the outer
one ; two centre tail-feathers dark ashy grey, black at the tip ; re-
mainder of the tail-feathers black, more or less grey at the base,
and with a narrow white edging at the tip and on the inner web of
the outer feathers ; a narrow line at base of feathers, lores, and
feathers in front of the eye black ; round the eye a ring of dusky
grey feathers ; sides of face, throat, and chest grey like the upper
surface ; remainder of under surface of body regularly barred with
black and white, the bars about equal in breadth ; tliighs dark
grey ; under wing-coverts and axillaries barred with black and
white like the breast ; greater under wing-coverts and quills below
dark ashy, the former faiutly barred with grey and white, the latter
darker at the tip and whitish along the inner web; "biU and feet
black; iris straw-colour" (Gould). Total length 9'5 inches, culmen
0-75, wing 5-55, tail -l-Oo, tarsus 0-9.

Hah. Now South Wales and Eastern Australia as far as Rock-
ingham Bay.

a, b. Ad. sk. Moreton Bay. Purchased.

18. Graucalus maforensis.

Campephaga maforensis, Meyer, Sitz. k. Akad. Wien, xlix. p. 386

(type examined).
Graucalus maforensis, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. viii. p. 927.

Adult male (Mafoor, March 1873 ; tj'pe of species). Above light
bluish grey, the wing-coverts like the back ; bastard plumes black,
narrowly edged with white ; jjrimary- coverts black on the inner
webs, externally grey, rather lighter on the extreme margin ; quills
black, the primaries with a narrow edging of hoary grey, the secon-
daries like the back, blackish on the inner web ; tail-feathers en-
tirely black (only three feathers remaining) ; sides of face a little
darker bluish grey than the head; a narrow frontal line, lores, fea-
thers in front of the eyes and at base of cheeks black ; throat and
chest bluish grey ; breast and remainder of uudor surface of body
black, crossed witli very fine narrow lines of greyish white ; thighs
bluish grey ; under wing-coverts and axillaries black, barred with
white like the breast, but the bars much broader ; quiUs ashy grey
below, narrowly edged with Avhite along the inner web ; " iris yel-
low " (Met/er). Total length 8'8 inches, culmen 0*75, wing 4*7, tail
3-8, tarsus 0-8. (Mus. Dresden.)

Adidt female. Differs from the male in having much broader
white cross bars on the imder surface, the black ones, however,
being broader than the white ones : above, the colour is darker bluish
grey than in the male, the black at the base of the forehead being

VOL. IV. E

42 CAMPOPHAGID^.

more duskj' and not so velvety black ; the secondaries as well as the
primaries have a narrow and nearly obsolete hoary-grey edging, and
are much more broadly margined with white on the inner web be-
low ; tail black, the outer feathers with a narrow white tip, the two
centre feathers dark grey for the greater part of their extent, black
at the tips. Total length 8-8 inches, culmen 0-75, wing 4-85, tail 4,
tarsus 0*8. (Mas. Dresden.)

Uab. Island of Mafoor in the Bay of Geolvink.

5. EDOLIISOMA. ^^^^

Edoliosonia, Jacq. ct Pticher. Voy. Pole Sud, Zool. iii. Oh. p. 69

(1853) E. melan.

Range. Malayan archipelago, Philippine Islands, Timor, Molucca
Islands from Celebes to New Guinea and North-eastern Australia.

Key to the Species.

a. Uniform below, not barred.
«'. Black above and below.

a". Rump dai'k slaty grey ccendescens (S , p. 44.

b". Rump like the rest of the upper surface.

a"'. Reflexions of black plumage purple . . nigi-um cS , p. 45,
b'". Reflexions of black plumage bottle-
green dispar J , p. 4G.

b'. Black below, grey above, with black wings

and tail montanum J , p. 40.

c'. Grey below ; under tail-coverts like ab-
domen,
c". Centre tail-featbera black ; no ashy tips

to any of the outer tail-feathers montanum J , p. 46.

d". Centre tail-feathers entirely grey with

no black tip incertum $ , p. 52.

(•". Centre tail-feathers gTey with a spot of
black near the tip ; outer tail-feathers
tipped with ashy grey.
Greater wing-coverts conspicuously
with white bordering' the

grey.
rt*. With a blacldsh shade on the ear-
coverts and cheeks ; throat sha-
dowed with darlver grey, so that
it looks a little darker than the
rest of the under surface.
a'. General colour light slaty grey,
the centre tail-feathers nearly
entirely light slaty grey hke the
back, with a small black spot at

the tip ceramense, p. 47.

¥". General colour dark bluish slate-
colour, the centre tail-featliers
like the back, gradually shading
off' into black at the tip salvadorii cj , p. 48.

5. EDOLIISOMA. Jf]

b*. Witli no black on the ear-coverts or
sides of face, these being light
ashy ; throat also ashy grey, not
darker than the rest of the under
surface,
c'. Much larger and of a darker grey ;
feathers in front of eye black :
wing 4-95 inches : sexes dif-
ferent timorie^isis S , p. 49 .

(P. Smaller ; wing 4-25 inches : sexes
alike ; paler giey than the pre-
ceding species, with only a dusky

spot in front of the eye marginatum, p. 50.

d"'. No white on the greater wing-coverts,
which are edged with light grey only.
c*. Secondaries edged with the same
grey as the back, not with whitish
or hoary grey,
e*. Smaller : slaty grey all over, with-
out any leaden-blue appearance ;
no black on the chin ; wing-
covei-ts entirely grey on the outer

webs schisticeps ^ , p. .50.

/*. Smaller : light leaden blue ; throat
dark slaty blue like the rest of the
under surface, the chin shaded
with black ; wing-coverta only f aruensis ^ , p. .52.
broadly edged with grey . . . . < incertum S , P- 52.
{.ohierue (J, p. .51.
(f. Larger : dark slaty blue above and
below, the throat shaded with
black as far even as the jugu-
lar region : wing-coverts only ^ . .

broadly edged with gi-ey / '"^2/^'** ^ ' P- ^^- .

, \ remotum (S , p. 54.

d^. Secondaries edged with hoary grey

or whitish.

/*'\ Black on the throat extending on

to the fore neck and breast, the

rest of the under sm-face very

dark grey morio c? , p. 54.

t^. No black on the throat, excepting

a sUght shade on the base of , . • ,

the chin / f(^"'»:osfre ^ , p. 55.

Xgrayi 6 , p- 57.
d'. Grey below ; under tail-coverts rufous .... anale, p. 58.
e'. Rufous below ; under tail-coverts like the
abdomen.
/". With slaty-grey or bluish head.

e'". Smaller ; wing 4'4 inches : under sur-
face of body entirely deep chestnut
like the rump and upper tail-coverts ;

back chestnut-brown schisticeps $ , p. .50,

/■'". Larger; wing 4-7 inches: under sur-
face of body fawn-coloiu' ; back
brown with an ashy shade, the
rump and upper tail-coverts a little

lighter meyeri J , p. 53.

b2

44 CAMPOrnAGIDJE.

</'. With brownish head slightly glossed with
greenish grey ; nimp and upper tail-
coverts chestnut fawn-colour; centi-e
tail-foathers chestnut - brown, darker

brown at tips remotum $ , p. 54.

A", ^^'ith rufous or rufous-brown head nigrum $ , p. 45.

b. Banded with zigzag cross lines or regular bars

on the under surface of the body.

f. Upper surface blue-gi-ey, as also the two

centre tail-feathers, the latter being black

at the ends ; secondaries and wing-coverts

not edged with rufous.

i". Wing-coverts and secondaries distinctly

edged with white ; under tail-coverts

butiy white salvadorii $ p. 48.

k". Wing-coverts and secondaries externally
blue-grey, a little more hoary on the
secondaries; under tail-coverts fawn-
colour or light cinnamon morio J , p. 54.

g'. Upper surface brown, more or less shaded
with ashy ; secondaries and wing-coverts
edged with rufous.
I". Under tail-coverts perfectly uniform buff.

9 • Throat uniform | ,,^^^-^^^^^ p 5+0.

h". Throat with narrow cross bars of
blackish.
e*. Under wing-coverts and edgings to

quills chestnut or deep fawn-colour grayi 5 > P- 57.
/•, Under wing-coverts and edgings to

quills light creamy buff timoriensis J , p. 49.

vi". Under tail-coverts rufescent, barred with

black dkpar $ , p. 46.

n". Under tail-coverts chestnut-rufous .... aruensis $ , p. 52.

1. Edoliisoma cserulescens.

Ceblepyris cajrulescens, Blyth, J. A. S. B. 1842, p. 463, 1846, p. 307 ;

id. Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 191.
Campephaga caerulescens, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283 ; Haril. J. f. O.

1865, p. lo7.
Ceblepyris aterrima, Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 368*.
Campephaga aterrima, Gray, E.and-1. B. i. p. 338, no. 5100 {descr.

miUd).
Volvocivora cserulescens, Walden, Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 178, pi. xxx.

fig. 2 ; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. new series, vol. i. p. 351 ; Tioeedd.

P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 693, 759, et 1878, p. 283.

Adult (type of C. aterrima). General colour all over glossy
purplish black, with a very indistinct gloss of steel-colour on the
wings ; lower back and rump slaty grey, the feathers being edged
with this colour, more distinct on the sides of the rump and outer
upper tail - coverts ; "bill, legs, and claws jet-black : iris dark

* I cannot find whore this name was published. It is probable that Mr.
Blyth saw the name on the stand of the specimen in the British Museum.

5. EDOLIISOMA. 46

brown " (A. Everett). Total length 10-5 inches, culmen 0*9, wing
5-05, tail 4, tarsus 0-95.

Hub. Island of Luzon, Philippine archipelago.

a. Ad. St. Manilla, Luzon. Iluofh Cuming, Esq. [C.].

(Type of C. ateniina.)

2. Edoliisoma nigrum.

Lanius niger, Gam. Voy. CoqtdUe, i. p. 589 ; Less. TraitS, p. 375 ;

Gray, Gen. B, iii. App. p. 14 ; Giehel, Oni. Thes. ii. p. 442.
Lanius melas, Less, et Gam. in Less. Man. d'Orn. i. p. 128.
CeblepjTis melas, *S'. Miill. Verh. Natmirl. Geschied. Land- en Vol-

kenk. p. 189.
Ceblepyris cinnamomoa, S. Midi. t. c. p. 189.
Echeniileur de Mare^cot, Honibr. it J acq. Voy. Pole Slid, Ois. pi. 10.

Campephaga marescotii, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283 (ex. H. Sf J.).
Campephaga melas, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 353 ;

Grai/, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 193 ; id. B. New Guinea, p. 32 ; Wall. P.

Z. S. 18G2, p. 1G5 ; Boscnb. J. f. 0. 1864, p. 121 ; Finsch, Neu-

Guinea, p. 171 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 338, no. 5094; Meyer, Sitz.

k. Akad. Wien, Ixix. p. 389.
Campephaga cinnamomea, Gj'ay, Gen. B. i. p. 283 ; Bp. Consp. i,

p. 383; Rosenb. J.f. O. 18G4, p. 121.
Edoliisoma marescoti, Jacq. et Pucker. Voy. Poh Sud, Zool. iii. p. 69 ;

Bp. C. R. xxxviii. p. 540.
Edoliisoma melau, Sclater, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. 1858, p. 100.
Campephaga mclsena, Gray, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 435; HaHl. J.f. O.

1865, p. 156.
Edoliisoma melas, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Cinic. vii. p. 772 ; id. Sf

U Albert, t. c. p. 821 ; Salvad. op. cit. ix. p. 27, xii. p. 137; Sharpe,

Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. xiii. p. 317.

Adult male. General colour above glossj- purplish black, the
upper tail-coverts and wing-coverts edged with purple ; quills black,
with a greenish gloss on the inner secondaries, the primaries exter-
nally margined with purple ; tail-feathers glossy black, with a slight
steel-greenish lustre, the feathers obscurely margined with purjdish ;
sides of head and entire under surface of body glossy purplish black,
as also the under wing-coverts ; quills brownish black below. Total
length 8-2 inches, culmen 0-85, wing 4-9, tail 3-8, tarsus 0'9.

AiluJt female. Different from the male : of a foxy red colour,
including the tail-feathers, which are somewhat browner on the
inner webs ; crown of head browner than the back ; wing-coverts
olive-brown edged with foxy rufous, the secondaries also of this
colour ; bastard plumes and primary-coverts brown, edged with
olive ; primaries brown, margined with dull rufous-brown ; lores
and an eyebrow deep foxy rufous ; feathers in front of the eye
blackish ; sides of face deep foxy rufous, the ear-coverts with huffy
whitish shaft-lines ; entire under surface of body foxy rufous, in-
cluding the under wing-coverts : (juills brown below, ashy fulvous
along the inner webs. Total length 9-;J inches, culmen 0-85, wing
4-6, tail 3-7, tarsus 0-9.

46 CAMl'01'nAGIDJ5.

Yoluuj male (Aiidai, August 1872, B' Albert ix). At first rcsomblcs
the old I'emalo, but gradually gains the adult male plumage by the
double action of a direct moult and by a change of feather ; " bUl, feet,
and iris black" (D'AIhertis). Wing 4-45 inches. {Alus. Civic. Genov.)

A male bird from Port Moresby differs from others from North-
eastern New Guinea in having bronzy-green edgings to the wing-
coverts; but as lean see a trace of an occasional green shade on the
margins to the wing-coverts in some of the latter, I do not propose
to separate as a species the southern bird. The appearance men-
tioned is not like the green shade in E. dispar, which is a good
species.

Hah. New Guinea ; Aru Islands.

a, b. cJ ad., c. $ ad. sk. N.W. New Guinea. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.].

(I (S ad. sk. Arfak Mountains. M. L. Laglaize [0.].

('. c? iid.,/. 5 ad. sk. Amberbaki, New Guinea. JM. L. Lagiaize [C.].

'/• c? jnv. sk. Amberbaki, New Guinea. M. L. Lagiaize [C.].

'h. S ad. sk. Port Moresby. O. C. Stone, Esq. [C.].

i c? juv. sk. Aru Islands. A. R. W^allace, Esq. "'

k. c? ad. sk. Ansus, Jobi Island, April Ur. A. B. Meyer [0.

1873.

f'-

3. Edoliisoma dispar.

Edoliisoma dispar, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. xii. p. 329.

Adult (type of sjiecies : Ke Bandam, July 28th, 1873, Beecari),
General colour above and below glossy black, with bottle-green re-
flections, the feathers grey at the base. Total length 10 inches,
culmen 0*9, wing 5-1, tail 4-5, tarsus 1-05. {Mus. Civic. Genov.)

Female (not quite adult: Gran Key, August 1873, Beecari).
General colour above olive-brown, greyer on the head, the wing-
coverts rather more rufous-brown ; the quills dark brown edged with
rufous, the secondaries with fulvous ; tail-feathers dark brown,
rufescent at the tip ; lores hoary gi-ey ; in front of the eye a dusky
spot, round the eye a ring of whitish plumes ; ear-coverts dark
brown with white shaft-streaks ; cheeks and under surface of body
rufous-buff, barred with dusky blackish cross lines, narrower on the
under tail-coverts, which are more rufous; the under wing- coverts
and axillaries i-ufous-buff, the latter with duU brownish cross lines ;
quills blackish brown below, rufescent along the inner webs. Total
length 8-5 inches, culmen 0-9, wing 4-85, tail 3-8, tarsus 0-95. {Mus.
Civic. Genov.).

Hah. Molucca Islands ; Goram, Tijor, Pulo-Padjang, MonawoLka,
Matabello, Banda, Ke.

a. (J ad. sk. Island of Goram. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

4. Edoliisoma montanum.

Oanipepliaga montaua, Meyer, Siiz. k. Akad. IVien, Ixix. p. 386.
Edoliisoma montanum, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 927.

Adult male. General colour above blue-grey, including the wing-
coverts ; greater coverts black, edged with grey ; bastard wing,

5. EDOLIISOMA. 47

primarj'-coverts, and quills black, with a steel-greeu gloss on the
margin, the inner secondaries broadly edged with grey ; tail-feathers
black, glossed with stecl-grcon on the margins ; a narrow frontal
line, lores, feathers round the eye, sides of face, sides of neck, and
entire under surface of body glossy ])lack, the thighs ashy grey;
under wing-coverts black ; greater series of under wing-coverts
and quills below ashy grey. Total length 9-5 inches, culmen 0-8,
wing 5-4, tail 4-3, tarsus 1.

Adult female (Profi, Arfak Mountains, July 10, 1875, Beccari).
Differs from the male in being of a lighter bluc-groy both above and
hcloiv ; only the lores, feathers at base of forehead and in front of the
eye, front half of eyelid, a spot at base of lower mandible and chin
black. Total length 9-5 inches, culmen 0-75, wing 5-05, tail 4*1,
tarsus 1. (Mils. Civic. Genov.)

The typical specimens lent to me by Dr. A. B. Meyer measure as
follows : —

Total

length. Culmen. Wing. Tail. Tarsus,

in. in. iu. in. in.

n. cS- Arfak Mountains . . 9-2 075 5-3 4-3 1

b. 2- „ „ ■■ 8-8 0-8 5-0 4-1 1

The female is not fully adult, and has the inner secondaries and
the outer tail-feathers tipped with white ; the under tail-coverts are
rufous, barred with dark slaty grey, from which it may be inferred
that the young bird is entirely marked in this manner on the under
surface.

Hah. North-western New Guinea.

a. 2 ad. sk. Tjobonda, Arfak Mountains, M. L. Laglaize [0.].

Feb. 13, 1870.

5. Edoliisoma ceramense.

B. i. p. 338, no. 5102.
Volvocivora amboiuensis, Briiggem. ALhandl. Brcnien, v. p. 71.

uidult male (North Coram, Wallace). General colour above light
slaty grey ; wing-coverts black, externally slaty grey, of a lighter
shade than the back, the greater series bordered with white on the
extreme edge of the feathers ; bastard plumes and primary-coverts
black, the latter with a very narrow edging of grey ; quills black,
externally margined with light grey, the secondaries with a marginal
edging of whitish ; two centre tail-feathers light slaty grey with a
subtcnninal black mark, the rest of the tail-feathers black, tipped
with ashy grey, more broadly towards the outermost ; nasal bristles,
feathers in front of the eye, cheeks, aiul ear-coverts black, the latter
washed with slaty grey ; under surface of body slaty grey, rather
darker on the throat, and inclining to blackish ou the chin : under

48 CAMPOPDAGIDiE.

wing-coverts lighter groy than the breast ; quills blackish below,
broadly white along the inner webs. Total length 10 inches, culmen
0-9, wing 4-9, tail 4, tarsus 0-95.

A(hdt female (Amboyna, Wallace). Different from the male.
Above ashy brown, with a greyish shade on the rump, upper tail-
coverts, and crown ; least wing-coverts lUce the back, rest of the
coverts brown, externally edged with pale rufous or buff, somo of
them with ashy ; quills dark brown, edged with rufous, broader on
the secondaries ; bastard wing and primary-coverts dark brown,
narrowly edged witli ashy ; centre tail-feathers fulvous brown, the
others dark brown, broadly tipped with creamy buff, more extended
on the outermost ; lores hoary grey ; over the eye a streak of fawn-
colour ; eyelid creamy buff ; in front of the eye a triangular blackish
patch ; ear-coverts dull greyish, streaked with whitish buff; under
surface of body rich creamy buff, the throat narrowly streaked with
blackish, the breast and flanks with arrow-head wavy cross Hues of
black ; under tail-coverts uniform ; under wing-coverts and axillaries
rich creamy buff; quills bright ashy brown below, rufous along the
inner webs. Total length 9-5 inches, culmen 0-9, wing 4-85, tail 4,
tarsus 0-95.

Hah. Coram, Amboyna, Mysol.

a. c? ad. sk.

N. Ceram,

A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

b. 2 ad. sk.

Amboina.

A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.I.

c, d. c? ? ad. sk.

Mysol.

A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.J

6. Edoliisoma salvadorii.

Edoliisoma salvadorii, Sharpe, Mitth. k. zool. Mus. Dresdeti, Heft iii.

Adult male. General colour above dark bluish slate-colour, the
lesser wing-coverts like the back ; median series black, margined
with grey ; greater series black, shaded with grey and inclining to
white on the extreme edge ; bastard plumes and primary-coverts
black, the former narrowly edged with white, the latter with grey ;
quills black, tlio primaries edged with grey, the secondaries shaded
with green, broadly margined with white, before which is a slight
subterminal shade of grey ; tail-feathers black, the outer feathers
broadly, but obscurely, tipped with ashy grey, the centre ones dark
grey, shading off into black at the tips ; a narrow frontal line, lores,
feathers in front of and round the eye and at the base of the cheeks
black ; oar-coverts dark grey, shaded with blackish ; under surface
of body dark bluish slate-colour, the chin black, the thighs also
shaded with blackish ; under wing-coverts bluish grey, those near
the edge of the wing with black bases ; quiUs ashy blackish below,
broadly edged with dull white on the inner webs. Total length 8-5
inches, culmen 0-8, wing 4-85, tail 3-8, tarsus 0-95.

Adult female. Different from the male. Eluish grey above, a
little duUer than the male, the upper tail-covorts margined with
hoary whitish ; least wing-coverts like the back, median and greater
scries dark brown, distinctly edged with white, before which is a

5. EDOLIISOMA. 49

more or loss distinct shade of grey ; primary-coverts dark brown,
with obsolete grey edgings ; quills dark brown, with a narrow
greyish margin to the primaries, the secondaries more broadly edged
with white ; tail-feathers dark brown, tipped with white, more
broadly on the outer feathers, the centre feathers ashy grey, black
at the ends, which are slightly tipped with white ; feathers in front
of tho eye black, surmounted by loral plumes tipped with white ;
ear-coverts black, distinctly and broadly streaked with white,
broadening out towards tho tips of the feathers ; cheeks and under
surface of body white, broadly barred across with ashy black, the
chin and under tail-coverts uniform buffy white without bars ; under
wing-coverts pale ochraceous buff; quills dark ashy brown, pale
ochraceous buff for the greater part of the inner webs. Total length
8-0 inches, culmeu OS, wing 4-85, tail 3-8, tarsus 0'9. (Mus. Dresden.)

Hah. Sangi Islands, north of Celebes.
a, 5 ad. sk. Sangi Islands {A, 13. Meyer'). Dresden Museum.

7. Edoliisoma timoriensis. (Plate I. fig. I.)
Campephaga plumbea, Wallace, P. Z, S. 1863, p. 485 (tiec 311111.),

Adult male. Above light blue-grey, paler on the rump and upper
taU-coverts, the lesser wing-coverts like the back; median scries
blue-grey, blackish at base of inner web ; greater series black, ex-
ternally blue-grey, with a narrow edging of white ; bastard plumes
and primary-coverts black, with a vcrj- narrow margin of grey ;
quills black, the primaries margined narrowly with hoary grey, the
secondaries broadly grey, on the outer web narrowly margined with
white ; two centre tail-feathers ashy grey, with a subterminal spot
of black ; remainder of tail-feathers black, tipped with ashy grey,
gradually increasing in extent towards the outermost, which is grey
along the outer web ; feathers in front of the eye dusky grey ;
the sides of the head slightly darker grey ; under surface of body
bluish grey, a little duller on the throat ; under wing-coverts and
axillaries very pale hoary grey, the quills blackish below, white
along the inner webs. Total length 10 inches, culmen 0'8, wing
4-95, tail 4-2, tarsus 0-9.

Adidt female. Different from tho male. General colour above
ashy grey, bluer on the head, the rump and upper tail-coverts tinged
with ochraceous ; lesser wing-coverts like the back, median and
greater series dark brown, broadly edged with ochraceous buff; bas-
tard feathers and primary-coverts dark brown, narrowly edged with
whity brown ; quiUs dark brown, margined with ochraceous buff,
much more broadly on the secondaries ; two centre tail-feathers pale
ochraceous brown, the rest of the taU-feathers dark brown, tipped
with ochraceous buff, broader on the outside tail-feathers ; lores
forming a narrow line of hoary white ; round the eye a ring of
whitish feathers ; in front of the c^'e a spot of dusky black ; ear-
coverts and sides of face ashy grey, with whitish shaft-lines ; cheeks
and under surface of body dull white, crossed with wavy lines of
dusky brown, tho under tail-coverts ochi'aceous buff; under wing-

50 CAMPOPHAGID^.

coverts and axillaries deep ochraceous buff, as also the lining of the
quills below. Total length 10 inches, culmen 0-8, wing 5, tail 4-5,
tarsus O'fJ.

Hub. Timor group of islands.

a, b. (S ad., e. $ ad. sk. E. Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

d. 2 juv. sk. E. Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C],

8. Edoliisoma marginatum, (Plate I. fig. 2.)

Campephaga margiuata, Wallace, P. Z. S. 1863, p. -31 ; Hartl. J.f. O.

1805, p. 15.3 ; Finsch, Xeu-Guitiea, p. 172 ; Gray, Hand-l.B. i. p. 338,

no. 5098.
Edoliisoma marginata, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. y'li. p. 378.

Adult male (t}'pe of species). General colour above ashy grey, a
little duller on the head ; least wing-coverts like the back ; greater and
median series ashy grey, blackish at the base and on the iuner webs,
the greater coverts edged Avith white ; bastard wing and primary-
coverts black ; quills also black, the primaries with a narrow edging
of hoary grey, the secondaries broadly margined with grey aud nar-
rowly edged with white, exactly like the greater coverts ; two centre
tail-feathers ashy grey, subterminally marked with black, the rest of
the tail-feathers black, tipped with ashy, more broadly on the outer-
most, which is ashy also for a great part of the outer web ; lores and
sides of face a little more dusky than the head ; in front of the eye a
blackish spot ; under surface of body lighter ashy than the upper
surface ; under wing-coverts and axillaries white, washed with light
grey ; quills dark ashy brown, white along the inner webs. Total
length 'J inches, culmen 0-85, wing 4-25, tail 3-4, tarsus 0-95.

Adult female. Similar to the male, the eyelid white, the ear-
coverts also mottled at base with white spots ; under wing-coverts
pure white. Total length 8-5 inches, culmen 0-8, wing 4-25, tail
3-4, tarsus 0-9.

Hab. Island of Bouru, Moluccas.

a, b. c? 5 ad. sk.

Bom-u.

A. R. WaUace, Esq. [C.].
(Types of species.)

c. Ad. sk.

Bouru.

A. R. WaUace, Esq. [C.].

9. Edoliisoma schisticeps.

Eclienilleur a calotte grise, Jfombr. et Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud, Atlas,
pi. 10. fig. 1.

1861, pp. 429, 433 ; Rosenb. J.f. O. 1864, p. 121 ; Hartl. J. f. O.

1865, p. 154; Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 171; Gray, Hand-l. B. i.

p. .338, no. 5095.
Ceblepyria schisticeps, Jacq. ct Pucker. Voy. Pole Sud, Zool. iii. p. 70.
Rectes drasclii, Pelz. Verh. z.-b. Gcsellsch. Wien, 1876, p. 218.
Edoliisoma schisticeps, Sidvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. xii. p. .320 ;

id. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 90, note.

5. EDOLIISOMA. 51

Adult male. General colour above slaty grey, the lesser and me-
dian wing-coverts like the back ; greater wing-coverts lighter grey,
with blackish bases to the inner webs ; bastard plumes, primary-
coverts, and primaries black, the secondaries broadly edged with
grey, hoary on the margins of the feathers ; two centre tail-feathers
dark ashy grey, with a subterminal black mark before a narrow grey
tip ; remainder of tail black, tipped with ashy grey, more broadly on
the outer feathers ; sides of face rather darker grey than the head,
the feathers in front of the eye and above and below the fore part
of the latter black: entire under surface of body dark slaty grey,
the chin and fore part of cheeks blackish ; under wing-coverts and
axillaries slaty grey, the greater series and the inner "lining of the
quills hoary grey, the latter being otherwise dark ashy grey below.
Total length 8-5 inches, ciUmen 0-75, wing 4-4, tail 3-3, tarsus 0-85.

Adidt female. Different from the male. General colour above
rafous-browa, inclining to chestnut on the rump and upper tail-
coverts ; centre tail-feathers rufescent brown, blackish just before
the tip ; remainder of the tail-feathers black, tipped with rufous,
more broadly towards the outermost, which is also rufous along the
outer web ; crown of head and nape slaty grey; feathers in front of
eye blackish ; ear-coverts and sides of face rufous, with dull fulvous
shaft-streaks ; cheeks and entire under surface of body bright chest-
nut, including the under wing-coverts and axillaries ; quills dull
ashy brown below, pale rufous along the inner web. Total length
8-2 inches, culmen 0-75, vsdug 4-45, tail 3-3, tarsus 0-85.

Hah. West coast of New Guinea ; Mysol.

«, b. cJ ad., c-d. 2 ad. sk. Mysol. A. R. WaUace, Esq. fC.].

e. d juv. sk. Mysol. A. E. WaUace, Esq. [C.].

10. Edoliisoma obiense.

Campephaga melauotis, Wall. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 342 (nee Gould, nee

Gray).
Edoliisoma obiense, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Gmov. xii. p. 329.

Adult (Obi Major, May 1875 ; type of species). General colour
above slaty blue, the least wing-coverts like the back ; median and
greater wing-coverts black, broadly edged with slaty blue ; bastard
plumes black ; primary-coverts black, narrowly margined with slaty
grey ; quills black, the primaries narroMly, the secondaries broadly
margined with slaty blue ; two centre tail-feathers ashy grey, with
a large subterminal black mark, the rest of the tail blacki tipped with
ashy, the outer feather more broadly ; feathers at base of bill, lores,
feathers in front of the eye, sides of face and chin black ; remainder
of under surface of body" slaty blue, a little darker than the back ;
edge of wing dull slaty blue ; axillaries, under wing-coverts, and
inner lining of quills ashy grey. Total length 9 inches, culmeu 0-8,
wing 4-6, tail 3-7, tarsus 0-9. (Mus. Civic. Genov.)

Hah. Obi group of islands, Moluccas ; 8ula Islands.

a. S fid. sk. Sula Islands. A. E. Wallace, E.^q. [C.].

52 CAHFOFHAGID^.

11, Edoliisoma aruense.

Edoliisoma aruense, Sharpe, 3Iitth. k. zool. Miis. Dresd. Heft iii.

Adult male (Lutor, Aru Islands, June 23, 1876, Beccari ; type
of species). Similar to the male of E. incertuni, Meyer (ox Mios-
noum), but distinguished by whitish edgings to the inner webs of
the secondaries, and by being rather lighter bluer grey. Total length
8-8 inches, culmen 0-8, wing 4-55, tail 3-0, tarsus 0"95. (Mus. Civic.
Genov.)

Adult female (Lutor, June 24, 1873, Beccari). Entirely unliko
the female of E. iticertvm, and resembling that of E. temcirostre, but
dark brown on the back without any grey shade, the latter being
confined to the crown, where it is not very distinct ; wing-coverts
and quills edged with chestnut ; eyebrow and sides of neck chestnut,
as also the light streaks on the ear-coverts ; under surface of body
chestnut or very deep fawn-colour, barred across with arrow-shaped
lines of dusky blackish everywhere, except on the throat, vent, and
under tail-coverts, which are uniform. Total length 8*7, wing 4"45,
tail 3-5, tarsus 0*95. {ATus. Civic. Genov,')

Hah. Aru Islands,

12, Edoliisoma incerttun,

Campephaga incerta, Meyer, 8itz. k. Akad. Wien, Ixix. p. 387.
Edoliisoma incertum, Salvad. Ann. Mits. Cine. Genov. vii. p. 928.

Adult male (Miosnoum, May 1, 1875, Beccari). Above slaty
blue, including the wing-coverts, the median and greater series slaty
blue with black bases ; bastard wing and primary-coverts entirely
black ; quills black, the primaries narrowly, the secondaries more
broadly edged with grey ; two centre tail-feathers ashy grey, with a
large spot of black near the tip ; remainder of the taU-feathcrs black,
tipped with ashy grey, more broadly on the outermost, which is grey
also along the outer web ; feathers at base of bill, lores, feathers in
front of the eye and under the fore part of the latter black ; base of
lower mandible blackish, and the ear-coverts with a blackish shade;
under surface of body slaty blue, the chin blackish : under wing-
coverts and axillaries lighter ashy grey ; quills dusky ash-colour
below, greyish white along the inner web. Total length 8'4 inches,
culmen 0-9, wing 4-45, tail 3*4, tarsus 0-95, {Mus. Civic. Genov.)

Adult female (Ansus, Jobi, April 1873, Dr. A. B. Meyer ; type
of species). Very like the male, but having the two centre tail-fea-
thers entirely ashy grey without any subterminal black spot. Total
length 8-7 inches, culmen 0-8, wing 4-5, tail 3-5, tarsus 0-95. {Mus.
Dresden.)

The type specimen above described agrees also with a female from
Ansus {Bruijn) in the Genoa Museum ; like it, the centre tail-
feathers are uniform, with no subterminal black spot. The Mios-
noum bird, which I cannot believe to be distinct, is rather brighter
blue-grey and has a good-sized black spot at the tip of the central
tail-feathers. This may be the character of the male bird.

5. EDOLIISOMA. 63

Hah. Islands of Miosnoum and Jobi, in the Bay of Goelvink, N.W.
New Guinea.

13. Edoliisoma meyeri.

Campephaga plumbea, Mvycr, Sitz. Lsix. p. .368.
Edoliisoma, sp., Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. yW. p. 928.
Edolusoraa meyeri, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. xii. p. 327.

Adult male (Kordo, Misori, May 22, 1875, Beccari). General
colour above dark blue-grey, the least wing-coverts like the back ;
median series blue-grey, with black inner webs ; greater coverts
black, broadly edged with grey on the outer webs ; bastard wing,
primary-coverts, and primaries black, the latter narrowly margined
with grey, the secondaries broadly edged with blue-grey ; two centre
tail-feathers ashy grey, black at the tips ; remainder of tail-feathers
black, the outer ones tipped with ashy grey ; feathers at base of
upper mandible, lores, feathers in front "of and below the eye black;
eyelid blue-grey : ear-coverts black ; under surface of body dark
grey, the throat blackish, washed with blue-grej-, the blackish shade
fading off gradually on the chest ; under wing-coverts dark slaty
grey, the quills dark ashy brown below, white along the inner webs.
Total length 9-4 inches, culmen 0-85, wing 4-7, tail 3-9, tarsus 0-95.
(Mus. Civic. Genov.)

Adult femcde (Kordo, Misori, May 18, 1875, Beccari). General
colour above nifous-brown, shaded with ashy olive on the back, the
rump and upper tail-coverts edged with rufous-buff; least wing-
coverts like the back ; median series of coverts fawn-colour, with
concealed black on the inner web ; greater coverts blackish on the
inner webs, fawn-colour on the outer ; bastard wing and primary-
coverts black, the latter with a narrow obsolete margin of rufous ;
quills black, the primaries narrowly, the secondaries broadly ed"-ed
with fawn-colour ; tail-feathers olive-brown, blackish brown near
the tips, the outer ones nearly entirely dark brown, tipped with light
fawn-colour, increasing in extent on "the outermost feathers ; crown
of head and nape dark slaty grey, of which a shade spreads on to the
upper mantle; feathers at base of upper mandible and a narrow
loral streak bufly white ; plumes round the eye and a narrow line
above the eye light fawn-buff; in front of the eye a blackish-grey
spot ; hinder margin of eyelid and a streak above the upper margin
of the ear-coverts dark slaty grey ; sides of face and ear-coveris
mottled with buffy whitish spots, the latter streaked with buffy
white ; cheeks and under surface of body light fawn-colour, including
the under wing-coverts and axiUaries as well as the inner lining of
the quills. Total length 9-2 inches, culmen 0-85, wing 4-05, "tail
4-0, tarsus 0-95. (Mus. Civic. Genov.)

Hah. Islands of Misori and Mafoor, in the Bay of Geelvink, North-
westeri] Xew Guinea.

n,b. c? $ ad. sk. Kordo, Misori Island, April 1873 Dresden Museum

(Dr. A. B. Meifer).
c. 5 ad. sk. Mafoor Island, March 1873 (Dr. Dresden Museum

A. B. Meyer).

54 CAMPOPnAOTDJE.

14. Edoliisoma remotum.

Edoliosoma, sp. inc., 2 > Sdater, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 101.

Edoliosoma schisticeps, Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Sue. N. S. W. ii. p. 222

{nee Gray).
Edoliisoma remotum, Sharpe, Milth. k. zool. Mtis. Dresden, Heft iii.

Adidt male. Like the male of E. incertum. Total length 9-5
inches, culmen 095, wing 4"95, tail 4"05, tarsus 0*95. (Mus. Berol.)

Adult female. Like the female of E. incertum, but with the head
ashy brown, the rump and upper tail-coverts rufous-buff, the centre
tail-feathers rufous-brown. (J/hs. Berol.)

Hab. New Hanover ; New Ireland ; Duke of York Island.

15. Edoliisoma morio.

Ceblepvris morio, S. Midler, Ver. Natuurl. Gesch. Land- en Volkenk.

p. 189.
Campephaga morio. Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 353 ;

Hard. J. f. O. 1865, p. 155; Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 172; Gray,

Hand-l. B. i. p. 338, no. 5097.
Campephaga melanolffima, Gray, Iland-l. B. i. p. 338, no. 5099

{descr. ntdld).
Volvocivora morio, Walden, Tr. Z. S. viii. p. 69, pi. viii. fig. 1 ; Briig-

gem. Abhandl. Bremen, v. p. 71.
Edoliisoma morio, Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 657.

Adidt male. General colour above dark bluish slate-colour, darker
on the head, the least wing-coverts like the back ; greater and me-
dian series ashy grey, hoary grey on the extreme margin, and black
on the inner webs ; bastard plumes black ; primary-coverts black,
narrowlj- edged with grey ; quills black, the primaries narrowly, the
secondaries broadly edged with bluish grej% hoary on the margins
and resembling the greater coverts ; two centre tail-feathers slaty
grey, black before the tips ; remainder of tail-feathers black, tipped
with ashy grey, broader on the outer feathers ; nasal plumes, fea-
thers in front of and round the eye, sides of face, sides of neck, throat,
and fore neck black, gradually shading off into bluish slate-colour
on the rest of the under surface ; under wing-coverts and axUlaries
dark bluish slate-colour ; quills dusky ash-colour below, hoary
white along the inner webs. Total length 10 inches, culmen 0-8,
A\-ing 4-45, tail 3-6, tarsus 0-9.

Adult femcde. Different from the male. Lighter grey above, the
median and greater coverts grey with hoary margins, the inner webs
blackish ; bastard plumes and primary-coverts black ; qiiiUs black,
externally edged with bluish grey, the secondaries more broadly
margined with grey, hoary on the edges, the inner secondaries almost
entirely grey, blackish on the inner webs ; two centre tail-feathers
bluish grey, with a subterminal black spot ; the rest of the tail-
feathers black, tipped with ashy grey, the tips broader towards the
outermost, which are tipped with pale ochraccous buff; lores hoary
white ; round the eye a ring of buffy white feathers ; in front of the
eye a blackish spot ; sides of face grey, mottled below the eye with

5. EDOLIISOMA. 65

white spots, the ear-coverts streaked with white ; cheeks and under
surface of body rich ochraceous buff, barred very distinctly with
black wavy cross lines ; thighs grey on their outer aspect ; under
tail-coverts deep ochraceous buff, as are afeo the under wing-coverts
and axillaries ; quills duU brown below, white along the inner webs.
Total length 9 inches, culmen ()-85, wing 4-4, tail 3-45, tarsus 0*85.
Hah. Island of Celebes.

a c? ad. ; 6, c. $ ad. sk. Makassar. A. R. "Wallace, Esq. [C.l.

d,e. S 2 ad- sk. Makassar. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C".

/. S ad. sk. Menado. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.J.

1 G. Edoliisoma tenuirostre.

Grauealus tenuirostris, Jard. Edinh. Journ. N. Sci. iv. p. 211 ; id. 8;
Selby, III. Orn. iii. pi. 114 (tig. mala) ; Gould, Syn.B. Ausir. partly.

Ceblepyris jardLnii, i2«/)p. Mm. Senckcnb. iii. p. 30.

Ceblepyris plumbea, »S'. Miill. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Land- en Volkenk.
p. 189 (nee Waffler).

Canipephaga tenuu-ostiis, Gra;/, Gen. B. i. p. 283.

Campephaga plumbea, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 353 ;
Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 193 ; id. Cat. B. New Guinea, -p. 32; Sclater,
Pr. Linn. Soc. ii. p, 160 ; Gray, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 435 ; JFall, P. Z. S.
1863, p. 485; Bosenb. J.f. O. 1864, p. 121 ; Hartl. J. f. O. 1865,
p. 155 ; Finsch, Neu-Gumea, p. 171 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 338,
no. 5096.

Campephaga jardinii, Gould, B. Ausir . folio, ii. pi. 60; Bp. Consp. i.
p. 353 ; Reichenb. Vck/. Neukoll. pp. 232, 283 ; Gray, Cut. B. New
Guinea, p. 58 ; Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 171 ; Ramsay, Ibis, 1865,
p. 84 ; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 200 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 336,
no. 5072 ; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. pt. 2, p. 181.

Grauealus jardinii, Hartl. J.f. O. 1864, p. 441.

Volvocivora plumbea, Salrad. Ucc. Born. p. 149.

Edoliisoma plimibea, Salvad. Sf- D' Albert. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 24 ;
Salvad. op. cit. ix. p. 27.

Edoliisoma miilleri, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 927.

Adult male. General colour above dark slaty grey, a little more
dingy on the head ; scapulars and lesser wing-coverts like the back ;
median and gTcater series black, externally broadly margined with
lighter slaty grey, hoary on the extreme margin ; primary-coverts
and primaries black, vrith a very narrow edging of grey, the secon-
daries more broadly margined and inclining to white near the tips
of the outer webs of the inner secondaries ; two centre tail-feathers
dark ashy grey, with a subterminal spot of black, the remainder
black, glossed with green on the outer margins and narrowly tipped
with grey, increasing in extent towards the outermost, which are
broadly tipped ; lores, feathers in front of the eye, cheeks, and ear-
coverts black ; under surface of body dark slaty grey, darker and
more leaden grey on the throat ; under wing-coverts like the breast ;
quills blackish below, white at the base and for the greater part of
the inner web, fonning a conspicuous wing-lining ; " bill blackish
brown ; legs very dark greenish grey : iris dark brown " {Goiild).
Total length lO inches, culmen 0-95, wing 5-3, tail 4-2, tarsus 1-05,

Adidt female. General colour above ashy brown, with a distinct

66

CAMPOrnAGIDJE.

shade of ashj- grey on the head, the feathers of the rump and upper
tail-coveats -with fulvesccnt edges ; wing-coverts rather bro'\\Tier than
the back, the greater series edged with light rufous ; primary-coverts
uniform brown ; quills brown, with narrow fulvoiis margins, broader
on the secondaries, some of which are edged with pale rufous ; centre
tail-feathers olive-brown, washed with ashy ; the remainder dark
brown, broadly tipped with fawn-buff, increasing in extent towards
the outer ones, the outermost being fawn-buff along the whole of the
outer web ; lores and feathers in front of the eye hoary grey ; in
front of and behind the eye a dusky blackish spot ; a streak over
the eye and eyelid pale creamy buff; car-coverts and sides of face
dusky blackish, mottled with white spots ; cheeks and throat creamy
buff, as also the under surface of body, which is varied with narrow,
waved, arrow-head lines of blackish ; under tail-covcrts, as avcU as
under wing-covcrts and axillaries, fawn-buff ; quills dusky brown
below, pale rufous along the inner webs. Total length 9-5 inches,
culraen 0'9, wing 4*95, tail 4*2, tarsus 0-95.

Young. Resembling the old female, but with white tips to the
inner secondaries and mauj- of the feathers of the upper surface ;
wing-coverts and quills edged with deeper rufous, as also the eye-
brow and eyelid ; below deeper buff, and the throat ban-ed as well
as the rest of the under surface ; under tail-coverts striped with
dusky.

Hab. N.E. Australia and Queensland, Eichmond and Clarence
river districts, N. S. Wales {Ramsay) ; Aru Islands ; New Guinea,

a. Ad. sk.

Austi-alia.

Linnean Societj' [P.]

b. Ad. St.

Australia.

c. Juv. sk.

Port Albany.

Pm'chased.

d. $ ad. sk.

Port Moresby.

0. C.Stone, Esq. [C]

17. Edoliisoma nesiotis.

Campephaga nesiotis, HartL 4- Finsch, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 98 ; Fitisch,
Journ. 3Ius. Godcffr. Heft xii. p. 28, note.

Immature (type of species). Upper surface of body rufous-brown,
with lighter edges of rufous-buff to some of the feathers ; rump-
feathers dark brown, with conspicuous rufous edges, the upper tail-
coverts entirely rufous ; scapulars like the back ; lesser wing-coverts
brown, edged with rufous ; rest of the wing-coverts and quiUs dark
brown, broadly edged with rufous, inclining to fulvous at the tips of
the secondaries ; tail-feathers rufous-brown , tipped with pale rufous,
the outer feathers darker brown, internally lighter, and externally
tipped with rufous-buff, more broadly on the outermost, which has
also a line of pale rufous running along the shaft ; crown of head
dark brown, slightly shaded with ashy on the forehead ; lores and a
distinct eyebrow as well as the sides of the neck deep rufous ; in
front of the eye a black spot ; sides of face a little paler rufous, the
upper edge of the ear-coverts dusky ; luider surface of body rufous,
the throat and chest uniform, only the sides of the breast with a few
wavj' cross lines of blackish; under wang-coverts deep rufous, as

5. EDOLIISOMA. 57

also the quill-liniug. Total length 9-4 inches, culmen 1"1, wing 4'75,
tail 4"1, tarsus 1-1. (Mus. Godeffroy.)

Hah. Island of Uap, Mackenzie group.

Ohs. Although not adult, the plumage of the tj-pe specimen kindly
lent by the Godeffroj- Museum, is so different from any other
species that I believe the male, when discovered, will be found to be
perfectly distinct.

18. Edoliisoma grayi.

Campephaga melanotis, Gray^ P. Z. S. 1860, p. 353 (nee Gould) ;

Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 171.
Graucalus melanotis, Hartl. J. f. O. 1864, p. 441.
Graucalus, sp., Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 337.
Edoliisoma grayi, Salvad. MSS.

Adult male. General colour above leaden grej', the lesser wing-
coverts like the back, the median and greater series black, externally
lighter grey than the back, with a narrow and almost obsolete hoary
margin ; primary-coverts and quills black, narrowlj' margined with
grey, the secondaries more broadly edged with grey; two centre
tail-feathers leaden grey, with a large subterminal spot of black, the
rest of the tail-feathers black with ashy spots at the tips, broader
on the outer feathers ; nasal bristles, feathers in front of the eye,
eyelid, cheeks, and ear-coverts black ; under surface of body leaden
grey, with a blackish shade on the chin ; under wing-coverts and
axillaries a little paler grey than the breast ; quills blackish below,
hoary whitish along the inner web, greyer on the secondaries.
Total length 10-2 inches, culmen 0-9, wing 4-9, tail 4-1, tarsus 0-9.

Ad idt female. Different from the male. Above warm brown,
slightly shaded with ashy, the crown with leaden blue : lesser wing-
coverts like the back, median and greater series broadly edged with
rufous ; bastard plumes and primary-coverts dark brown, the latter
with a very narrow edging of rufous ; quills black, broadly mar-
gined with rufous, the primaries rufous at the base, excepting the
.shaft of the quills, which is dark brown ; centre tail-feathers rufes-
cent, browner at the tip, the remainder dark brown, tipped with
rufous, more extensive towards the outermost feather, which is rufous
along the outer web also : feathers over the eye and upper and under
edge of eyelid rufous-buff ; lores hoary grey ; feathers in front of
and behind the eye blackish ; sides of face mottled, the feathers
dusky, spotted and streaked with fulvous ; under surface of body
rufous-buff, barred with blackish in narrow wavy lines, the under
tail-coverts uniform ; under wing-coverts and axillaries deep fawn-
colour ; cjiiills ashy brown below, broadly rufous along the inner web.
Total length 8-7 inches, culmen 0*9, wing 4-75, tail 3-6, tarsus 0-95.

Hub. Habnahera or Gilolo, Batchian, Temate, Morty Island.

a. S ad. sk. Gilolo. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

b. 2 ad. sk. E. Gilolo. A. R. WaUace, Esq. [C.l.

c. S ad. sk. Batchian. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.J.

d. $ ad. sk. Batchian. Purchased.

e,f. d juv.sk. Morty Island. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C],

VOL. IT. F

58 CAMPOPHAGID^.

19. Edoliisoma anale.

Campeplmira analis, J. Yerr. et Des 3Iiirs, Rev. ct Mag. de Zool. 1860,
p. 395, 1802, p. 132 ; JIartl. J.f. O. 1865, p. 156; Grai/, Hand.-l.
Ji. i. p. 338, uo. 5103.

Adult. Leaden grey above, paler below : under tail-coverts rufous
chestnut ; quills blackish ; bill dusky ; feet blackish ; iris_ orange-
yellow. Total length 9|", bill from gape 9'", wing 5", tail 4" 5'".
{Hartlauh.)

Young. Mottled and variegated below with rufous-white and
blackish. {Hartlauh.)

Hah. New Caledonia.

6. LOBOTUS.

Type.

Lobotos, Reichenb. Si/st. Av. pi. 54. fig. 12 (1850) L. lobatus.

Range. Confined to West Africa.

1. Lobotus lobatus.

Ceblepvris lobatus, Temm. PI. Col. 279, 280 ; Less. Compl. Buf. viii.

p. 390; Schinz, Abbild. Voff. Taf. 31 ; Less. Traits, p. 309; Riipp

Mus. Sencketib. iii. p. 23.
Lanicterus lobatus, Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 197 ; Bp. Consp. i.

p. 356.
Lobotos temmincM, Reich. Syst. Av. pi. 54. fig. 12 ; Hartl. J. f. O.

1855. p. 31 ; id. Om. W.-Afr. p. 99 ; Cass. Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Philad.

1859, p. 52; JIartl. J.f. O. 1805, p. 171.
Campephaga lobata, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 356,

no. 5062.

Adult male. Head all round, including the throat, glossy dark
green, with a large yellow or orange lobe at the gape ; back olive-
yellow, brighter yellow near the hind neck, the sides of the neck
slightly washed with orange-chestnut ; rump and upper tail-coverts
orange-chestnut ; wing-coverts olive-yeUow like the back, the greater
and median series with blackish bases ; primary-coverts and quills
black, the primaries edged with white, the secondaries with yellow ;
■ tail-feathers black, tipped with bright yellow, increasing in extent
towards the outermost, the two centre feathers olive-green narrowly
tipped with yellow, with a subterminal black shade ; under surface
of body from the throat downwards rich orange-chestnut ; thighs,
under wing- and tail-feathers bright yellow ; quiUs ashy black
below, margined ^vith white along the inner web ; bill and feet black
(in skin). Total length 7-3 inches, culmen 0-05, wing 3-75, tail 3-6,
tarsus 0-8.

Hah. West Africa.

a. cJ ad. sk. Interior of Fantee R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

{Govei'nor Ussher).

7. CAMPOPHAGA. 59

7. CAMPOPHAGA. Type.

Campephaga, Vieill. Analyse, p. 39 (181G) C. nigra.

Volvicivora, Ilodgs. Lid. 'Review, i. p. 328 (1837) . . C. melaschista.
Lanicterus, Lesson, Ann. Sci. Nat. (2) ix. p. 169

(1838) C. xanthornoides.

Cyrtes, JReichenh. Syst. Nat. pi. Ixviii. fig. 11 (1850).

Bmu/e. Africa : India and Burmese countries to South China.

Key to the Species.

a. Entire plumage metallic or glossy steel-

gi-een or purplish, both above and below,
with sometimes a yellow or red shoulder-
spot.
a'. With a shoulder-patch of yellow or scarlet
wing-coverts.

o". Shoulder-patch scarlet phcenicea, p. 59.

b". Shoulder-patch yellow.

a'". All the least and median wing-coverts

orange xanthornoides, p. 60.

b'". Only the least and outer median wing-
coverts lemon-yellow hartlauhi, p. 62.

b '. Without any shoulder-patch.

c". Below steel-^reen like the up})er surface niyra, p. 62.
d". Throat and breast piurpUsh violet, con-
trasting with the rest of the upper
surface, which is steel-blue quiscalina, p. 63.

b. Plumage iron-grey or light ashy grey above

and below, without metalUc gloss.
c'. Under tail-coverts slaty grey like the rest

of the under surface ; centre tail-fea- I lugiihris, p. 65.

thers black like the rest of the tail \ intermedia, p. 66.

( saturata, p. 66.
d'. Under tail-coverts white ; centre tail-fea-
thers grey, blackish towards the tips.
e". Wings black, contrasting with the back.

^^ , . , .„ , , i mclanoptei-a S i P- 67.

c'". No white on the quiUs below j neykcta, p. 68.

d"'. Middle primaries with a large ovate

spot of white on the inner webs . . melanoptera $ , p. 67.
/". Wings grey; quiUs black, externally
grey ; all the wing-coverts grey_ ; inner
webs of piimaries broadly white .... polioptera, p. 69.

1. Campophaga phcenicea.

Red-winged Chatterer, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl. p. 146.

Ampelis phosnicea. Lath. Lid. Orn. i. p. 367.

Tanagra dubia, Shaw, Nat. Misc. vii. pi. 252.

Tiu-dus phojnicopterus, Temrn. PI. Col. ii. pi. 71.

Ceblepyris phcenicopterus. Less. Traits, p. 369; Isid.Geoff. St.-Hilaire,

Maq. de Zool. 1832, pi. 9.
Campephaga phrenicea, Sioaim. B. W. Afr. i. p. 252, pis. 27, 28 ;

Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283; Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 61; Hartl.

Orn. W.-Afr. p. 98 ; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 153 ; Gray, Hand-l.

B. i. p. 336, no. 6060; Sharpe, Ibis, 1869, p. 189; Finsch, Tr. Z. S.

F 2

60 CAMPOPHAGIDJE.

vii. p. 248 ; Hemil. Orti. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 418; Bocage, Jorii. Lish.

1870, p. 34.J.
Ixua plioenicoptenis, Temm. Tab!. Meth. p. 13.
Ceblepyris plioenicea, RUppell, Mus. Senckenh. iii. p. 21 ; Bp. Cmisp.

i. p. 353 ; Jlemjl. Si/st. Ucbcrs. p. 32, no. 307 ; Antin. Cat. descr.

fVc. p. 52.
Oblepyvis ifrnatii, Ifeu;/!. Si/sf. Uehers. p. 32, no. 300.
Lanicterus pliceniceus, Ilartl. J. f. O. 1865, p. 172 ; S/iarpe, Ibis,

1870, p. 55; id. Cat. Aft: i?."p. 52, no. 499; Antin. %■ Salvad.

Vi(t<j(j. Bo(/os, p. 70.

Adult male. General colour above and below glossy steel-blue
black ; least and median wing-coverts brilliant scarlet with yellow
bases to the feathers, the greater series black, edged with st«el-blue
and j'ellow at the liase ; (juills black, the secondaries with narrow
steel-blue edgings ; tail-feathers black, narrowly margined with
steel-blue ; quills below ashy brown, washed with olive along the
inner web ; " bill and feet black ; iris dusky brown " {Ueiiglin).
Total length 7-S inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3-9, tail 3-75, tarsus 0-75.

Adult female. Above pale olivaceous dusky brown, the rump
more ashy, the feathers for the most part banded with blackish and
tipped with white ; quills brightly and conspicuously margined with
yellow ; wing-coverts broadly margined with faint yellow before a
terminal bar of black ; tail-fcathei's olivaceous dusky brown, the
outer ones more blackish, the two outermost at the tip and on the
margin bright yellow ; below whitish, pai'tly washed Avith yellow
and broadly bauded with dusky ; under wing-coverts and thighs
bright yellow ; " bill dusky blackish : feet greenish dusky ; iris
sometimes grey, sometimes umber" {Heuglin, Orn. N.O.-Afr. i.
p. 417).

Yomig. Similar to the female : purer dusky greyish ; head and
nape mottled with dusky. {Ueuglin, loc. cit.)

Ohs. In the Museum are specimens of female birds agreeing with
Von Heuglin's descriptions above quoted ; but as they were not
identified by the collectors as being C. pJuenicca, and they may be
C. ccantliornoides, I have thought it best to quote the descriptions of
Heuglin, which are aiithentic, as he has apparently only met with
one species. See also my remarks on 0. .vantJiornoides.

Hah. Western and North-eastern Africa.

a. c? ad. St. River Gambia. Governor Rendall [C.].

b. (S ad. sk. River Gambia. R. B. Shai-pe, Esq.

c. S ad. sk. Gold Coast. Colonel Strachan [P.].

d. (5 ad. sk. Fantee (Governor Ussher). R. B. Sliarpe, Esq.
e,/. [5 ] ad. sk. Fantee. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
q. ? ad. sic. River Prah, May 1872 R. B. Sharpe, Esq,

(7/. F. Blissett).
h. Ad. sk. Tigr^ {Eskr). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

2. Campophaga xanthornoides.

Lanicterus xanthornoides, Less. Ann. Sci. Nat. (2 ) i.f. p. 109 ; Bp.

Consp. i. p. .%0; Hartl. J. f. O. 1805, p. 173.
Campephaga xanthornoides. Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283.

7. CAJIPOPHAGA. 61

Caiupephaga xaiithornithoides (lapsu), Shnrpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 55.
Lanicterus xauthomithoides, Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 52; Ussher,

Ibis, 1874, p. 65.
Lauicterus, sp. no v., Sal vail. 8,- Antin. Viar/t/. Boyos, p. 76.

Adult male. General colour above and below glossy steel-black,
the quills and tail-feathers black edged with steel-black ; lesser and
median wing-coverts bright orange-yellow, forming a large shoulder-
patch ; quills sepia-brown below, washed with olive along the inner
webs. Total length 7*2 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3-65, tail- 3-5,
tarsus 0'75.

Younc) male. Above ashy brown, the head, neck, and mantle uni-
form ; scapulars yellowish, bari'ed across with black ; lower back,
rump, and upper tail-coverts paler and more whity brown than the
rest of the back, hero and there tinged with rufous, narrowly barred
with glossy greenish black ; wing-coverts dull yellowish, the median
and greater series dark brown, edged and tipped with bright yellow ;
quiUs brown, margined with yellow ; tail-feathers blackish, tipped
with yellow, increasing in extent towards the outennost, the middle
feathers olive, browner on the inner web ; lores and eyebrow white ;
round the eye a ring of buffy white feathers, and in front of and
behind the eye a dusky blackish spot ; ear-coverts pale ashy brown,
with whitish shaft-streaks ; throat white, with scarcely any cross-
markings ; rest of under surface of body white, somewhat washed
with yellow and barred across with blackish lines : under wing-
coverts and inner linings of quiUs bright yeUow.

Obs. The above description is taken from an Accra skin, sent along
with an adult male of the present bird ; the female bird is very
similar without doubt, but that the present is a male and not a
female is proved by the presence of a single bright orange feather
among the wing-coverts. It is strange that with a bird by no means
rare in collections there shoidd be so much difficulty in finding out
the correct female plumage ; but the majority of skins reach us with-
out any indication of sex. In his recent book Professor iJocage has
endeavoured to solve the question by making tho yellow-shouldered
bird (C. xantliornoides) the female of the Black Caterjnllar-catcher
of South Africa ( C. nigra). This is scarcely feasible ; for, in the first
place, I have the female bird of the latter, sent with the male by
Mr. T. C. Atmore, both sexes having been determined by dissection*.
Again, if C. xanthornoidfS were tho female of C. nigra, how is it
that we do not find the latter in West Africa, ])ut only the former ?

It has also been put forward that C. xanihoraoides is a stage of
C. plucnicca. This seems more probable, as the two birds are
almost of the same dimensions, and only differ in the colour of tho
shoulder-patch. Governor Ussher thought that the yellow-shouldered
bird was the older ; but this I cannot coincide Mith, as we have in
the Museiim a specimen commencing to put on the yellow shoulder
while still in the mottled or young plumage. That the other species
changes direct from a similar plumage to the h\l\ scarlet shoulder

* Vide infra, p. (53.

62 CAJIPOPHAGID^.

seems to be proved by Isidore Geoffroy's plate of C. phcenicea.
Lastly, if the two birds are identical, bow comes it that only a
yellow-shouldered bird occurs in South Africa, and that a red-
shouldered bird has never been seen there ?
Huh. Western and North-eastern Africa.

a. c?ad., b. juv. sk. Accra {Capt. Haynes). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

c. c?ad., d cjjun. sk. Accra. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

e. cJad. St. West .Africa. J. Gould, Esq.

/. (S ad. St. West Africa.

g. c?ad. sk. Tigre (Esler). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

3. Campophaga hartlaubi.

Campephaga xantLoruoides, Luijard, B. 8. Afr. p. 153 {nee Less.) ;

Bocar/e, Joni. Z,isb. 1868, p. 43.
Campephaga phcenicea $ , Bocar/e, t. c. p. 43.
Campephaga melanoxantha, Gurney, Ibis, 1868, p. 45 (nee Liclit.) ;

id. in Anderss. B. Dam. Ld. p. 134, note ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i.

p. 336.
Lanicterus hartlaubi, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. iv. p. 439.

Adult male. Very similar to C. xanihornoides, but distinguished
by its having the shoidder-spot lemon-yellow instead of orange, and
confined to the least wing-coverts and the outermost of the median
series, whereas in C. xanihornoides the shoulder-patch is formed of
the entire median and lesser coverts. Total length 8-5 inches, cul-
men 0-7, ^^ing 4-15, tail 4-6, tarsus 0-8. (Mus. G. E. Shelley.)

Hah. Soiith Africa.
a. (S ad. sk. Natal. Purchased.

4. Campophaga nigra.

L'Echenilleur jaime, Lexaill. Ois. d'Afr. iv. p. 49, pi. 164.
L'Echenillem' noir, Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. iv. p. 51, pi. 165.
Campephaga flava, Vieill. N. Diet. x. p. 49.
Campephaga nigi-a, Vieill. JV. Diet. x. p. 50 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283 ;

Gurney, Ibis, 1864, p. 350; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 335, no. 5058;

Gnrney in Anderss. B. Dam. Ld. p. 133 ; Bocaye, Orn. Angola,

p. 206.
Muscipeta labrosa. Swains. Zool. lUustr. 1st ser. iii. pi. 179.
Ceblt'pyris ater, Lesson, Traite, p. 369.
Lanicterus swainsoni. Lesson, Ann. Sci. Nat. (2) ix. p. 170.
Ceblepyris nigi-a, liiqip. Mus. Senchenb. iii. p. 21 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 353.
Campephaga labrosa, G'ray, Gen. B. i. p. 283.
Lanicterus labrosus, Bp. Consp. i. p. .356.
Lanicterus niger, Hartl. J. f. O. 1865, p. 173; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B.

p. 52 ; Sharpie et Botiv. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, i. p. 308.
Campephaga niger, Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 152 ; Shelley, Ibis, 1875,

p. 77.

Adidt male. General colour above and below glossy steel-black
with somewhat of a greenish cast ; wing-coverts, quills, and tail-
feathers, under wing- and tail-coverts blackish, edged with the same
steel-green as the back ; quills below greyish brown, with a quill-
lining of olive-yellow along the inner web ; " bill black, yeUow at

7. CAMPOPnAGA. 03

gape, tarsi and feet black ; iris very dark browu " l^T. Ay res). Total
length 8-3 inches, culinen 0-65, wing 4-1, tail 4-1, tarsus O'To.

Adult female (Eland's Post, T. C. Atmore). Mottled; upper sur-
face of body ashy bro-vrn, the head and hind neck uniform and
slightly tinged with yellowish ; the feathers of the back also some-
what washed with yeUow and transversely barred with black, which
has a steel-green lustre, the latter being less distinct on the bars
across the lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts, aU of which
are thickly barred across ; wing-coverts blackish brown, broadly
edged and tij^ped with yellow, the least scries narrowly edged with
yellow, before which is an indistinct bar of steel-green ; primary-
coverts and quills blackish, externally edged with yellow, brighter
on the secondaries : two centre tail-feathers olive-brown, washed
with yellow on the margin ; the next one on each side brown on the
inner web, olive-broiATi on the outer ; the next one blackish brown,
narrowly tipped and edged on both webs with bright j-eUow ; the
three outermost blackish, tipped with bright yellow, increasing in
extent towards the outermost, and edged with the same colour on
the outer web, which is entirely yellow on the outermost feather ;
all the feathers edged with yellow also along their inner webs :
lores huffy whitish ; feathers in front of eye dusky brown ; round
the eye a ring of fulvous feathers ; ear-coverts dusky brown, with
distinct white shaft-lines ; cheeks and rmder surface of body white,
barred with blackish brown, arrow-shaped on the under tail-coverts,
and indistinctly indicated on the throat and abdomen : sides of
breast washed with yellow ; thighs yellow, barred with dusky
brown; under wing-coverts and axillaries brilliant yellow, as also
the inner webs of the quills below for the greater part of their
length. Total length 8-1 inches, wing 4, tail 4, tarsus 0-75.

Hab. South Africa.

a. (S ad. sk. KiugwiUiamstown. Lieut. H. Trevelyan [!*•]•

b. c? pull. sk. Near Panmure. Lieut. H. Trevelyan [P.].
c,d. (S 2 ad- sk. Eland's Post, S.E. Afiica R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

(T. C. Atmore).

e. d" ad. sk. Transvaal ( T. Ayres). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
f. d ad sk. Elephant \ley, Oct. 20, R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

1859 ( C. J. Andersson).

g. [ J ] juv. sk. South Africa. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

h. (S ad. St. South Afi-ica. Dr. Lee [P.].

f. 6 juv. sk. South .\frica. R. B. Shai-pe, Esq. [P.].

5. Campophaga quiscalina.

Campephaga nigra, Cass. P)-. PhUad. Acad. 1859, p. 52 {nee V.).
Lanicterus niger, Hartl. J. f. O. 1865, p. 173 (nee V.).
Campephaga quisealma, Fimch, Ibis, 1869, p. 189 ; G}-ay, Hand-l B.

i. p. 335, no. 6059.
Lanicterus quisealinus, Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 52.
Campophaga fulgida, Reichen. J. f. O. 1874, p. 345, et 1875, p. 26
(tj-pe examined).
Adult male (type of species). General colour above shining steel-

64

CASIPOPHAGin^.

green, inclining to deep steel-blue on the head, the hind neck
purple ; wings black, all the feathers broadly margined with the
same steel-green as the back ; tail black, edged with steel-green ;
lores velvety black ; cheeks, sides of face, sides of neck, and entire
throat and fore neck purplish violet, shading off into rich steel-bhie
on the rest of the under surface of the body ; under wing-coverts
purplish; "bill and feet black; iris blackish brown"' (^cif/w/iOin).
Total length S'o inches, culmen 0'6, wing 3'75, tail 3"6, tarsus 0'8.

Adult female. General colour above olive-yellowish, brighter on
the rump and upper tail-coverts ; head and nape uniform grey ;
wing-coverts olive-yellow like the back ; quills brown, externally
margined with olive-yellow ; tail-feathers olive, browner on their
inner webs, tipped with pale yellow, increasing on the outer web
towards the outermost feathers ; lores wliitisli, mottled with dusk}'
edges to the feathers, extending a little behind the eye and forming
an indistinct eyebrow ; round the eyes a ring of buffy white feathers ;
in front of and l)ehind the eye a dusky blackish spot ; ear-coverts
dusky brown, with narrow white shaft-lines ; throat buffy white ;
rest of the under surface of the body bright yellow, including the
under wing- and tail-coverts and the lining of the quills. Total
length 7*2 inches, wing 3"S5, tail 3"8, tarsus 0"75.

Young. Similar to the female, but mottled on the upper surface,
the feathers being edged with dull white, before which is a subter-
minal bar of brown ; wing-coverts and secondaries tipped with pale
yellow and subterminally barred with brown ; throat white ; rest
of under surface bright yellow, the breast rather thickly barred
across with brown, these bars less numerous on the flanks and under
tail-coverts.

Ohs. The changes of plumage in this species are satisfactorily ex-
plained by the series in the British Museum. A bird was sent home
by Mr. Blissett to the author as a dissected female of one of the
West- African Caterpillar-catchers ; and there is no doubt of its being
a female of the present species, as he also sent a 5'oung male
changing from the immature plumage (exactly like that of the adult
female) to the glossy dress of the male. The feathers being donned
on the wing-coverts are not yellow or red, but steel-black, showing
that it cannot be referred to any species but C, quiscalina.

Hah. West Africa ; Gold Coast district.

«. [ (5 ] ad. sk. Fantee. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

(Type of species.)

b. [(Si ad. sk. Fantee (A. Swanzi/). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

c. [ cJ ] ad. sk. Fantee. Purchased.

d. 2 ad. sk. Wassaw, March 1872 R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

{H. F. missetf).

e. S juv. sk. Ekraful,Mav 20,1872 R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

(H. F. Blissett).
/".[$] ad., (/. juv.sk. DevLkexa. {Aubinn). R. B. Sharpe. Esq. [P.].
A. [ $ ] ad. sk. Accra. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

7. CAMPOPHAGA. 65

6. Campophaga lugubris.

Lanius silens, TickeU, J. A. S. B. ii. p. 573 (1833, tiec Shaw).

Ceblepyi'is lugubris, Sundev. Lund Siilkk. Tidskr. vol. i. ; id. Ann.
N. H. xviii. p. 109.

Volvocivoia melaschistus, Hodgs. Ind. Review, i. p. 328; Jerd. B.
Ind. i. p. 415; Ball, Str. F. 1874, p. 399; Hume, Str. F. 1875,
p. 93, 1877, p. 205.

Graucalus maculosus, 3fCh'll. P. Z. S. 1839, p. 159,

Carapephaga timbriata (nee Temm.), Blyth, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 30G;
id. Cat. B. 3Ius. A. S. B. p. 191. '

Campephaga lugubris, Graij, Gen. B. i. p. 283.

Volvocivora Umbriata {nee Temm.) , Bp. Cviisp. i. p. 3-56.

Caiupephaga melaschistus, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 338, no. 5105.

Volvocivora lugubris, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 61 ; Ilartl. J. f. O. 1865,
p. 161 ; Sicinhoc, Ibis, 1870, p. 243.

Volvocivora melauura, Hartl. J.f. O. 1805, p. 162 (type examined).
Adult male. General colour above and below dark iron-grey ^vith
a slaty gloss, the rump and upper tail-coverts slightly paler slate-
colour, the under surface also rather paler towards the abdomen
and under tail-coverts ; wings black, the lesser coverts iron-grey
like the back, the remainder of the coverts and the quills glossed
with steel-green, especially on the edges of the feathers ; tail black,
glossed with steel-green, the two centre feathers with a narrow grey
tip, all the others tipped with a white spot, which increases in size
towards the outermost feather, where it has a subtermiual sliade of
ashy grey ; feathers in front of the eye, cheeks, region of the eye,
and ear-coverts black, darker than the head ; under wing-coverts
like the breast, or dull brown edged with iron-grey ; quills blackish
below, dull brown along the edge of the inner web : " bill and legs
black ; iris hazel-brown " (Jenlon). Total length 9'3 inches, culmen
0-7, wing 4-7, tail 4-4, tarsus 0-9.

Adult female. Differs from the male in being lighter and in having
the feathers in front of the ej'e and sides of face dusky blackish,
not of such a deep black as in the male. Total length 9"5 inches,
culmen 0'65, wing 4-65, tail 4*4, tarsus 0-8.

Young. Browner than the adult, and mottled all over with tips
of whity buff to the feathers, before which light tip runs a sub-
terminal blackish bar ; the wing-coverts tipped in the same way,
the greater coverts mottled with rnfous marblings near their tips ;
quills edged and tipped with white ; tail-feathers broadly tipped
with white, these white tips often pencilled with brown ; car-coverts
and feathers in front of the eye dusky blackish, spotted and streaked
with white ; under surface of body dull grcjish white, barred across
with dusky blackish, the abdomen and under tail-coverts much
whiter, the bars more wavy and wider apart ; under wing-coverts
dusky grey, white at tip, barred with black lines.
Hab. Indian peninsula.

a-c. Ad., d, e. .luv. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

/, f,. Tull. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

h. Ad., i. Jun. sk. Darjiling. J. Fotheringham, Esq. [C'.l.

k. Imm. sk. Darjiling. Capt. C. H. 'J'. Marshall [P.].

66 CAMPOPHAGLDJE.

/, m. Ad., «. Juv. sk. N.W. Ilimalavas. Capt. Stacklaouse IMnwill

o. 2 imni. sk. Murree. Capt. J. Biddulph [C.].

p, g. Ad. sk. Murree. Capt. C.H. T.Marshall [P.].

r, s. Ad. St. Nepal. B. IT. Hodgson, Esq. | P.I.

t, u. Ad. St. Behar. B. H. Ilodgsou, Esq. [P.].

7. Campophaga intermedia.

Volvocivora intermedia, Hume, Sti: F. 1877, p. 205 ; id. ^- Davison,

Str. F. 1878, p. 210.
Volvocivora melaschistus, Walde7i in Bh/tKs B. JBtirm. p. 123 ; Hume,

Str. F. 1874, p. 474.

" It is very close to Volvocivora melaschistus, and, as such, I origi-
nally identified it ; but with twenty-four specimens before me I find
that, sex being ascertained, no specimen of it can be mistaken for a
specimen of the corresponding sex of V. melaschistus ; but it is much
the same size, and the old males are as nearly as possible the same
colour as the females of V. melaschistus. Except as regards colour,
I can point at present to no unfailing and absolute diagnosis between
it andF. melaschistus. Bi;t, as a rule, the exterior lateral tail-feather
is longer. In no specimen is this latter more than 1-2 inch shorter
than the middle one, and, as a rule, it is only about 1 inch shorter.
Usually there is a great deal more white upon the taU, the white
tippings being conspicuously broader. As to size of bill, I can say
nothing ; for in both this race and the true V. melaschistus the bill
varies extraordinarily in dimensions. AYiug of males varying from
4-55-4-S4, of females from 4-4-4-7." {A. 0. Hume.)

Hah. Hills of Teuasserim, extendmg in the cold weather to the
sea-board and plains of Pegu.

8. Campophaga saturata.

Volvocivora saturata, SwiiJwe, /?>«, 1870, p. 242; id. P. Z. S. 1871,
p. 378 ; David ^- Oustal. Ois. Cidne, p. 103.

Adult male (Hainan, Feb. 1868 ; tj^je of species). General
colour above very dark slaty grey, the upjjer taU-coverts with obsolete
whitish margins ; wings black, with a slight greenish gloss, the
quills narrowly margined with ochraceous or buffy white ; tail-
feathers greenish black, tipped with white, the white ends becoming
broader towards the outermost ; the middle tail-feathers shaded with
grey towards the base ; sides of face dark slaty grey, the feathers in
front of the eye blackish ; under surface of body dark slaty grey,
paler on the under tail-coverts, the longest of which are tipped with
white; under wing-coverts and axillaries like the breast, those on
the edge of the wing margined with lighter grey ; quills blackish
below, with an obscure white patch about halfway down the quills,
formed by a broad white edging to the middle portion of the inner
webs of the primaries. Total length 7'6 inches, culmen 0*7, wing
4-45, tail 4-1, tarsus 0-85. {Mus. H. Seebohn.)

Adult femde. Similar to the male; but the back more shaded

7. CAMPOPHAGA. 67

with ashy hrown, the wing-coverts narrowly edged with grey, the
primaries margined with white, the secondaries externally shaded
with grey ; tail-feathers as in the male, but the centre ones grey for
two thirds of their length, black at the ends ; under surface of body
dark grey, with a shade of rusty brown surrounding the breast and
flanks ; quills as in the male below, but the white patch on the
inner webs larger. Total length 7'7 inches, culmen 0'75, wing 4-5,
tail 3-9, tarsus 0*75. (Mus. li. Sivinlwe.)

Obs. This is a small dark-coloiured race of O. lucjuhris, and is
apparently distinct from either C. intermedia or C. neglecta of Mr.
Hume, of which I am vmable to judge personally, as I have never
seen a specimen of either of them.

Hab. Island of Hainan.

9. Cainpophaga melanoptera.

Ceblepyris melanoptera *, Riipp. Mus. Senckotb. iii. p. 25, Taf. ii.

fig. 1 (descr. orig.).
Campephaga tricolor, Grai/, Gen. B. i, p. 283 (nee Swains.).
Campephaga melanoptera, Bhjth, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 307 ; id. Cat. B.

Mus. A. S. B. p. 191.
CampephaL'-a aveusis, BIyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 327; Gray,

HamJ-l. ^B. i. p. 338, no. ul07.
Volvocivora melanoptera, Bp. Consp. Av, i. p. 356; Hartl. J.f. O.

18(J5, p. 1G2 ; Blanf. Ibis, 1870, p. 468.
Volvocivora avensis, 'Hume, Str. F. 1874, p. 474, 1875, p. 93, 1877,

p. 205 ; Bli/th ^- Walden, B. Burm. p. 123 ; Hiime ^- Davison,

Str. F. 1878, p. 209.
Volvocivora melaschistus (tiec ITodffs.), Swinh. P. Z. S, 1863, p. 282,

et 1871, p. 378: David |- Oustal. Ois. Chine, p. 103.

Adult [male]. General colour above light bluish grey, paler on
the lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts ; wings black, with a
steel-green gloss, the least wing-coverts like the back, the rest of
the coverts and the inner secondaries with obsolete greyish edges to
the feathers, the primaries also with remains of grey margins ; tail-
feathers black, with a steel-green gloss, all of them tipped with
white, the two centre feathers edged with grey more narrowly,
the others broadlj', the white tip increasing in extent towards the
outermost ; the feathers in front of and round the ej'e, ear-coverts,
and cheeks rather dusky ; under surface of body bluish grey like the
back, paling on the abdomen, the thighs dark slaty, the under taU-
coverts pure white ; under wing-coverts and axillaries like the
breast ; quills dusky brown below, the inner webs edged with
lighter brown. Total length 7*7 inches, culmen 0-7, wing 4-5, tail
4-0, tarsus 0-8.

Adult \_fenude'\. General colour above cindery grey, becoming
conspicuously lighter on the lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts,

* Dr. Uartlaub, in liis ' Monograph,' refers this species of Riippell's to C.
lugubris ; but this it cannot be, as the under tail-eoTcrts are white {ventre et
crisso alhis). It cau scarcely be any species but C. avensis, of Bljth, over whose
name EiippeH'e takes precedence.

68 CAMPOPHAGID^.

which are decidedly ashy grey ; least wing-coverts like the back,
remainder of the wing-coverts and quills black glossed with steel-
green and narrowly edged with grey ; centre tail-feathers grey,
gradually shading off into greenish black towards the ends of the
feathers, which are narrowly edged with ashy grey at the tips ; re-
mainder of the tail-feathers black, glossed with steel-gi'een and tipped
with white, becoming broader on the outer ones ; lores and feathers
in front of the eye hoary grey ; ear-coverts grey, with white shaft-
lines ; remainder of under surface light gxey, becoming more of a
fulvous ashy colour towards the abdomen, the under tail-coverts
creamy white ; thighs ashy grey ; under wing-coverts and axillaries
ashy below ; quills ash-coloured underneath, with a large spot of
white on the inner webs of the middle primaries. Total length 9-3
inches, culmen 0-75, wing 4*5, tail 4-1, tarsus 0"So.

06s. I was inclined to consider the bird here described as a female
to belong really to another species, on account of the white patch on the
primaries ; but I find that Mr. Hume notices it in the female C. mela-
no2)tera. An examination of Mr. Swinhoe's specimens from Ningpo,
Foochow, and Canton shows that the birds determined by him to
be Volvocivora ntelaschistus are really referable to C melanoptera.

Hub. Burmah and Pegu ; China.

a. [$] ad. sk. Burmah. Capt. Stackhouse Pin^\^ll [P.].

b. [cJ] ad. sk. Basseiu, Pegu. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.].

10. Campophaga neglecta.

Volvocivora neglecta, Hume, Stray F. 1877, p. 203 ; id. i^- Davison,
S. F. 1878, p. 210.

Adult nude. " Lores blackish dusky ; the cheeks and ear-coverts
are blackish slaty ; the entii'e upper surface of the bird, including
scapulars and lesser wing-coverts, the chin, throat, upper breast, and
sides of the neck are of a beautiful uniform blue-grey, paler than in
the palest female V. melascldstus, but darker than the male V. aven-
sis. The colour is slightly darker on the crown, where, as in other
species, there is a faint indication of darker striations, and it is
slightly paler on the rump and the upper tail-coverts ; the ear-
coverts are duskier, but scarcely darker than crown and throat ;
the lower breast and abdomen and the wing-lining are the same
colour as the rump, becoming paler towards the vent, which, with
the lower tail-coverts, are pure white ; the wings, except the lesser
wing-coverts, are black, with a distinct greenish lustre ; the median
and greater coverts, secondaries, and tertiaries are edged with the
colour of the back ; the primaries, except the first four or five, are
narrowly margined and conspicuously, though narrov.ly, tipped with
white ; the tail is black, the central tail-feathers gi'ey for nearly
half their length, margined with paler grey throughout and tipped
with nearly pure white ; the whole of the lateral tail-feathers are
broadly tipped with pure white, the external ones most broadly so
to the extent of about half an inch ; the exterior lateral tail-feathers

7. CiMPOPHAGA. 69

are scarcely O'o incli shorter than the central ones, and the penulti-
mate pair are only 0-2 shorter. Total length 8-12 inches, bill from
gape 0-85, expanse 13-0, wing 4-1, tail 3-55, tarsus 0-76." {Hume.)

" Two old females, imfortunately not measured in the flesh, are
precisely similar, except that the xrings, which measure 3-8 and 3-95
respectively, want the slaty and white edgings and tippings, and also
want the grey shade on the taU, while the four central tail-feathers
have almost dropped their white tippings. In these two the exte-
rior lateral taU-feathers are 0"6 and 0"65 shorter than the central
ones." {Hume.)

Hah. South of the Tenasscrim provinces.

OIis. The diagnosis of the species is given by Mr. Hume as fol-
lows : — '• Intermediate in colour between V. melascMstus and V.
melanoptera vel avensis, but much smaller than either : wing in the
largest male 4-17 : outermost tail-feather only, at most, 0-75, and
generally only about 0"65 inch shorter than central tail-feathers."

11. Campophaga poUoptera. (Plate II.)

Adult. General colour above ashy grej-, rather darker on the head
and lighter on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; least wing-coverts
like the back, the median and greater coverts rather paler grey ;
bastard wing and primary-coverts black, narrowly margined with
grey ; primaries black, narrowly edged with grey, wliitish towards
the tip and very broadly white on the iimer web ; secondaries black,
externally grey, inclining to white at the tips ; two centre taU-feathers
ashy grey, shading into black towards the tip, which is white ; re-
mainder of the tail-feathers black tipped with white, which tip
increases in extent towards the oixtermost, where it is very broad ;
sides of face like the crown, a little diisky in front of the eyes and
on the ear-coverts ; under surface of body light grey, darker on the
throat and paling towards the abdomen and vent ; under tail-
coverts white ; under wing-coverts and axillaries light grey ; quUls
dusky brown below, the iimer webs white for more than half their
length. Total length 8-3 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 4*15, tail 3-4,
tarsus 0-75.

Adult female (?). Differs from the adult male in having hoary-
whitish edgings to the feathers of the xump and upper tail-coverts ; two
centre tail-feathers grey, with a subtcrminal black spot, the next on
each side black, tipped with white and grey for the greater part of
the outer web, the rest black broadly tipped with white ; lores
mottled with white edges ; ear-coverts grey, streaked with white ;
entire under surface of body dull white, barred across -^nth dusky
blackish cross lines ; the under tail-coverts whiter, with the cross bars
further apart. Total length 8-7 inches, culmen 0-65, wing 4-1, tail
.3-6, tarsus 075.

Hah. Cochin China.

«, b.[d] ad., c.[2] ad. sk. Cochin China. M. E. Pierre [P.].

70 CAMPOPHAGIDJE.

8. PERICROCOTUS.

Type.

Pericrocotus, F. Bote, Isis, 1826, p. 5*72 P. miniatus.

Phcenicornis, //. Bote, Isi's, 1827, p. 725 P. peregrinus.

Acis, Lesso/i, Traite d'Oni. p. 388 (1831) P. miuiatus.

Cf. Hume, Stray Feathers, v. p. 171.

Lfg of Pericrocotus speciosus.
Range. India and Ceylon, ranging through the Burmese countries
to China and Formosa, as far north as Amoorland, extending south-
wards through the Malayan peninsula to Java, Sumatra, Borneo, and
the Philippine archipelago.

Key to the Species.

a. Tail-feathers tipped with red or yellow.

a. Sides of face and throat hlack, Uke the head.
a". Inner secondaries with red spots near the
tip of the outer weh, in addition to the
basal bar.
a'". Breast and wing-markings fiery ver-
milion.
«^. Two first primaries without any red
mark on the outer web.
o\ Central tail-feathers as a rule black, speciosus, p. 71.
6'. Central tail-feathers almost inva-
riably with more or less of the

outer webs red elegans, p. 73.

5*. Three first primaries without any red
mark on the outer web.
c'. Very rarely a portion of outer webs

of the central tail-feathers red. . . . andamanensis, p. 73,
(f . Outer webs of the central tail-fea-
thers always red Jlammifer, p. 74.

c*. Four first primaries without any red

mark ou the outer web xanthogaster, p. 74.

b'". Breast and wing-markings orange-red.
d^. Larger : wing 3-5 inches ; thighs

blackish Jlaimiwus, p. 75.

e*. Smaller: wing 3-3 inches; thighs
orange-j-ellow, the extreme bases to

these feathers blackish exsul, p. 76.

h". Inner secondaries wholly black at the

tips, with no red spots near the end of

the outer web.

c"'. Size small: upper surface ashy grey;

lower abdomen and under tail-coverts

white, tinged with yellow jieregrhms, p. 76.

d'". Size larger : upper surface glossy black ;
lower abdomen and under tail-coverts red.

8, PBBICR0C0TU8. 71

f^. Under wing-coverts and a basal mark

on lower quills yellow iyneus, p. 78.

g^. Under wing-coverts and wing-lining
rosy or crimson.
e^. Greater co-(erts crimson, with broad

black base, this equalling the red j j,.,,.,Vo,^„- 79.

colom- in extent j neglectus, p. 80.

/'. Greater coverts alm<;)st entirely
crimson, the basal blackish mark-
ings scarcely perceptible miniatus, p. 80,

V. Sides of face greyish ; the throat not black,
but grey or buff-coloured or white, always
lighter than the head,
c". Tail-feathers tipped with fiery orange or
vermilion.
e'". Upper surface ashy gi'ey, with a rosy
tinge on the rump ; below light rosy,
a little whiter on the chin and abdo-
men ; inner secondaries with a narrow •

apical margin of rosy colour roseus, p. 81 .

f". Upper sui'face blackish, the lower back
and rump fiery vermiUon.

/t*. Chin grey ; throat j'eUow Solaris, p. 82.

«'. Entire throat greyish, with a slight

yellow tinge griseigidaris, p. 83.

d". Tail-feathers tipped with pale yellow ;
alar speculum also pale yellow ; under
siu-face of body white, as also a broad

frontal baud cantoiiensis 5 , p- 84.

b. Tail-feathers pure white at the ends.

c'. Breast white or ashy ; wing 3'4-3'7 inches.
e". Size larger : wing 3'7 inches ; rump and
upper tail-coverts slaty grey, like the
mantle and scapulars ; hinder crown black;

forehead white cinereits, p. 83.

f. Size smaller: wing 3'4 inches; rump and
upper tail-coverts ashy brown, contrasting
strongly with the grey back; the head

scarcely darker than the mantle cantonensis (f, p. 84.

d'. Breast rosy or vermilion ; wing 2'5-2'65 inches.

<7"."Forehead black like the head erythropggins, p. 85.

h". Forehead white albifrons, p. 86.

1. Pericrocotus speciosus,

Black-and-Scarlet Thrush, Lath. Gen. Sgn. Siippl. p. 14.

Turdus speciosus. Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. •303.

Muscipeta princeps, Vigors, P. Z. S. 1830, p. 22.

Phrenicornis princeps, Gmdd, Cent. Himd,. B, pi, 7 ; Jerd. Madr,
Journ. X. p. 243.

Pericrocotus speciosus, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 282 ; Bh/th, J. A. S. B.
XV. p. 309 ; id. Vat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 112 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 357 ;
Horsf. Sf Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. i. p. 14^3 ; Gould, B. Asia,
part ix. ; Bli/t/i, Ibis, 1806, p. 308 ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 419 ; Grai/,
Hand4. B. 1. p. 334 ; Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 379 ; Hume, Xests
^- Eggs Ind. B. p. 182 ; Sharpe, Str. F. 1876, p. 207 ; Hume, Sir. F.
1877, p. 192.

72 CAMPOPHAGID.'E.

Adult male. Upper surface of a glossy blafk colour ; lower back,
rump, and upper tail-coverts fierj' vermilion ; scapulars, wing-
covcrts, and primary- coverts black, the greater series vermilion, the
inner ones black, vermilion on outer web ; quills black, fiery vermi-
lion for the basal half and black at extreme base, -the three inner-
most secondaries with a bright vermilion spot near the apex of the
outer web ; tail fiery veimilion, the extreme bases of the feathers
black, the two centre feathers also black, but inclining to vermilion
towards the tip of the outer web, but this red colour oftcii broken
with black markings ; sides of face and entire throat glossy black
like the head ; rest of under surface fiery vermilion, including the
under wing-coverts, which have, however, very broad black bases ;
thighs black ; bill and legs black ; irides dark brown. Total length
7 5 inches, culmen U"65, wing 3'95, tail 4'1, tarsus 0'7.

Adult female. Above grey, the lower back, rump, and upper tail-
coverts yellow ; forehead, sides of face, and under surface of body
bright yellow, iuciuding the under wing-coverts ; wings black, the
least coverts greyer, washed with yellow, the greater sei'ies black,
broadly tipped with bright yellow ; quills black, the basal part bright
yellow of all but the two outermost primaries and innermost secon-
daries, four of which have a spot of j'ellow near the tip of the outer
web, the extreme bases of all the feathers black ; tail black, with
broad yellow tip, increasing towards the outermost feather, the two
centre feathers blackish, slightly marked with yellow at the tip of
the outer web. Total length 8 inches, culmen O'T, wing 3*9, tail
4-0, tarsus 0'7.

Younrj. Coloured like the old female, but more ashy, and most of
the feathers margined with yellow ; underneath yellow. Parti-
coloured specimens of the young male are in the collection, with
the full plumage in process of assumption bj' a moult.

Hah. Himalayas, westwards as far as the valley of the Yonse,
eastwards to Western Bhotan ; in the cold season to the plains of
Tipperah, and in Midnapore, Chota Nagpore, the Tributary Mehals,
the northern portion of the Ganjam district, and Sumbawhulpoor, the
most eastern of the Central Provinces districts {Hume) ; Burmese
HiUs; China.

a, h. 6 2 ad. sk. India. .T. T. Jerdon [P.].

c. iS ad. .sk. Moalmaza.

d, e. (J 2 ad. sk. N.W. Himalaya.s. Capt. Stackhouse PinwiU

[T-]-

/, g. c? 2 ad. St. Nepal. B. PI. Hodgson, Esq. [P.

'h,'i. S ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.

k, I, 7n. $ ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.

«, o. Juv. sk. Nepal. B. II. Hodgson, Esq. P.^

p. Imm. sk. Nepal. B. II. Hodgson, Esq. [P."

q. (S ad. sk. Ponsee, Kakhyen Hills, Dr. J. Anderson [C.].

March 14, l8G8.

r. $ ad. sk. Bhamo, Upper Burmah, Dr. J. Anderson [C.].

Jan. 28, 1868.

8. I'EKICROCOTUS. 73

2. Pericrocotus elegans.

Phceiiicornis elegans, M'CMl P. Z. S. 1839, p. 15(5.
Pericrocotus elegans, Grai/, Gen. B. i. p. 282 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 335 ;
Hume, Sir. F. 1873, p."309, 1875, p. 95, 1877, p. 194; id. (§■ Davi-
son, S. F. 1878, p. 211.
Pericrocotus rutilus, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 335.
Pericrocotus fraterculus, Swinhoe, Ibis, 1870, p. 244 ; id. P. Z. S.
1871, p. 379.
Very like P. s^eciosus, but distinguished by its smaller size and
by having the outer webs of the centre tail-feathers red. Mr. Hume
writes : — " Like P. sj^eciosus, the first two primaries in the adult
male and the first three in the female and young male alone want
the bright patch on the outer web. No doubt there is a distinction
in the tails, in that out of 26 adult males examined, in every one
the outer webs of the tail-feathers were red, whereas only three out
of 27 P. speciosus had any red on the outer webs of the middle tail-
feathers. Again, taken as a body, the backs of the females are
somewhat darker, and the red of the males somewhat more flam-
meous." Dimensions of -ndng given by Mr. Hume are as follows : — -
" In the males it varied from 3-6 to 3-77 inches, and in the females
from 3-5 to 3-8."

Hab. Assam, Khasia hills, Kachar, Hill Tipperah, and throughout
the Tenasserim hills to the extreme south at Malewoon {Hume) ;
Siam, Cochin China, Hainan.

a. d ad., h. ^ \xm. sk. Bassein, Pegu. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.].
c, rf. c? ? ad. sk. Cochin China. M. E. Pierre [C.].

e,f. S 2 ad. sk. Hainan. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.].

3. Pericrocotus andamanensis.

Pericrocotus andamanensis, Beavan 8f TSitler, Ibis, 1867, p. 322 ; Gray,
Hand-l. B. i. p. 335 ; Walden, Ibis, 1873, p. 309 ; Hume, Str. K
1874, p. 208, 1877, p. 195.

Pericrocotus speciosus, Ball, Str. F. 1873, p. 66.

Adult male (Andamans). Above glossy blue-black, the lower back,
rump, and upper taU-coverts fiery vermilion ; wing-coverts black,
the external primary- coverts with a distinct broad margin of vermi-
lion, the greater series vermilion with black bases ; ciuiUs black, all
but the three outer primaries barred with vermilion near the base,
which is black, the three inner secondaries with a narrow spot of
vermilion near the tip of the outer web ; tail fiery vermilion, the
feathers with black bases, increasing in extent towards the centre
of the tail, the two centre feathers black ; sides of face and throat
glossy black like the head, the rest of the under surface fiery ver-
milion, including the under wing-coverts ; thighs blackish ; bill and
feet black ; iris dark brown. Total length 7-5 inches, culmen 0-65,
wing 3"55, tail 3-0, tarsus 0-65.

Hab. Andaman Islands.

a. cJ ad. sk. 8. Andaman, Feb. 27, 1873 R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].
( IFardlaw Ramsay).

74 CAMPOPHAGID^.

4. Pericrocotus flammifer.

Pericrocotu.s flammifer, Hume, Stray Feathers, 1875, p. 321, et 1877,
pp. 175, 195 ; id. Sf Damson, S. F. 1878, p. 211.

" This species, like P. andamanensis, has no coloured patch on the
first three primaries in the adult male, or in the first four in tho
female. In colour the female approaches P. jlammeus ; the outer
webs of the central feathers appear to be always red. In colour the
female is more like those of /'. sjjeciosits and P. elegans, with more
j-eUow on the forehead, and of a much more orange-j'ellow below
than the female P. Jlammeus. The wings of my specimens mea-
sure : — males from 3-47 to 3'5 inches, females from 3-35 to 3*42."
(Hume.)

Ohs. I identify a specimen in the collection with Mr. Hume's
species, which seems to be a distinct one. Unfortunately our bird
is in changing plumage and has lost its tail, so that it was not
available for description.

Hab. Bankasoon, at the extreme south of the Tenasserim pro-
vinces.

a. cS imm. sk. Tenasserim. J. C. D. Packman, Esq. [P.].

5. Pericrocotus xanthogaster.

Muscicapa flammea, Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 309 (tiec Forster).

Lauius xanthogaster, H-uffi. t. c. p. 309.

Pericrocotus xanthogaster, Horsf. ^- Moore, Cat. JB. 3Itis. E. I. Co.

i. p. 142 ; Gray, Haml-l. B. i. p. 335 ; Sharpe, Stray Feathers, 1876,

p. 208 ; Tiveedd. Ibis, 1877, p. 315.
Pericrocotus ardeus, Bp. Cooisp. i. p. 357 {ex Boie, MS.) ; Gray,

Hand-l B. i, p. 335 ; Walden, Ibis, 1872, p. 372, et 1873, p. 310 ;

Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 143, pi. 2 ; Tiveedd. Ibis, 1877, p. 315.
Pericrocotus subardens, Hume, Str. F. 1877, p. 196.

Adult male. General colour glossy blue-black, the lower back,
rump, and upper tail-coverts scarlet ; tail entirely scarlet, the centre
feathers black on the inner web, the others black at immediate base,
slightly increasing in extent towards the centre of the tail, this
black base almost imperceptible on the outer feathers ; wings black,
tho inner greater coverts scarlet at tip, merged in the scarlet band
which occupies the basal half of all but the four outer primaries,
the four innermost secondaries with a large spot of scarlet towards
the tip of tho outer web ; sides of face and throat blue-black like
the head, the rest of the under surface of the body bright scarlet,
including the imder wing-coverts, the greater series being black with
scarlet tips ; thighs blackish. Total length 7 inches, culmen 0-6,
wing 3-2, tail 2-95, tarsus 0-65.

Adult female. Above very dark grey, with a certain bluish gloss,
the rump and upper tail-coverts olive-yellow ; wings and tail as in
the male, but yellow where they are scarlet in the latter, the tail
showing a greater amount of black at the base of the feathers, and
the yellow streak along the primaries situated further up the quills

8. PERICR0C0TU8. 75

than it is on the secondaries, and consequently showing a broader
black base ; forehead, feathers round the eye, and fore part of the
face bright yellow, the lores and hinder pait of the ear-coverts grey ;
rest of under surface bright yellow, thighs greyish. Total length 6-6
inches, culmen 0-55, wing 3-1, tail 3, tarsus 0-6.
Hab. Malayan peninsula ; Sumatra ; Borneo.

a. $ ad. sk. Singapore. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

b. j , c, d. 2 ad. sk. Kessang, Malacca. M. Bouvier.

«)/• d' ? ad., g. juv. sk. Sumatra. A. E,. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

h. $ ad. .sk. Tagora, Sarawak. Henry Everett, Esq. [C.].

6. Pericrocotus flammeus.

Muscicapa flammea, Forstei; IndUche Zool. p. 25 ; Gin. S. N. i.

p. 942 ; Te7nm. PL Cul. 203 ; Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xxi. p. 483.
Flammeoiis Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. 1 , p. 338.
Pericrocotus flammeus, F. Bote, Isis, 1828, p. 321 ; Gray, Gen. B. i.

p. 282 ; Blyth, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 309 ; id. Cat. B. Mm. A.S.B. p. 192 ;

£p. Cmsp. i. p. 357 ; Horsf. 8f Moore, Cat. B. Mm. E. I. Co. i.

p. 142; Goidd, B. Asia, pt. ix. ; Jerd. B. India, i. p. 420 ; Gray,

Hand-l. B. i. p. 334 ; Holdsic. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 438 ; Hume, Nests

and Ef/ffs Ind. B. p. 182; Sharpe, Stray F. 1876, p. 208; Hume,

5^/-. i^. 1877, p. 197.
Phcenicornis flammeus. Swains. Zool. III. 2nd ser. pi. 52 ; Jerd. El.

Orn. pi. 11 ; id. Madr. Jotirn. x. p. 244.
Acis flammea, Lesson, Traite, p. 388.
Muscipeta flammea, Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 85.

Adult male. General colour above glossy blue-black ; lower back,
rump, and upper tail-coverts fiery orange-red ; tail-feathers black,
orange-red at tip, this colour increasing in extent towards the outer-
most, the centre feathers entirely black, rayed under certain lights ;
wing-coverts glossy black, the edge of the wing orange, the greater
coverts broadly tipped with orange-red ; quiUs black, with a broad
band of orange-red near the base, separated by the blackish shafts ;
three inner secondaries with a spot of orange near the tip of the
outer web ; sides of the face and throat glossy black like the head ;
rest of under surface bright orange-red, with yellow bases to the
feathers, the under wing-coverts bright yellow ; thighs blackish ;
biU black ; legs brownish black ; iris dark brown. Total length 7-5
inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3-5, tail 3-75, tarsus 0-6.

Female. Head, neck, back, and wing-coverts ashy, forehead nar-
rowly tinged with yellow ; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts
greenish yellow ; quiUs and tail dusky black, the former with a
yellow wing-spot, and the latter with the lateral tail-feathers
yellow.

Hab. Hills of Southern India ; Ceylon.

a. cJ ad. sk. Travancore. Capt. Biddulph [C.].

b. cJ ad. .ik. Madras.

c. 2 a<i- sk. Ceylon. E. L. Layard, Esq. [CI.

d. 2 ad. sk. Ceylon. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

G 2

76 CAM POPHAGTD.K.

7. Pericrocotus exsul.

rericrocotus flanunens. Gmy. P. Z. S. 18G0, p. 354.
Pericrocotus exul, lla/l. P.' Z. S. 186.3, p. 492; Gray, Hand-l. B. \.
p. 335 : Sharpe, Str. F. 1870, p. 209.

Achilt male (type of species). Above black, with a slight greenish
gloss, the sides of the face and throat uniform with the back ; the
rest of the under surface of the body bright orange, including the
under wing-covcrts, the innermost of the latter black ; thighs blackish,
with orange tips ; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts bright
orange, with a very rich tint on the upper tail-coverts ; two centre
tail-feathers entirely black, the rest bright orange with black bases,
the latter extending diagonally across the feathers and becoming
less towards the outer feathers ; wings black, the edge orange like
the under wing-coverts, the greater series tipped with orange and
merging in the bases of the quills, which are bright orange, forming
a subbasal band which crosses all but the four outer primaries, the
second, third, and fourth being orange near the base of the inner
web only ; tkree of the inner secondaries with orange spots near the
tips of the outer web ; biU and feet black. Total length 7'3 inches,
culmen 0-fi, wing 3-3, tail 3-45, tarsus 0-G.

Adult femaJp. Above grey, shaded with olive, darker on the crown
of the head, the forehead yellowish ; lower back, rump, and upper
tail-coverts greenish yellow ; wings and tail much as in adult, but
the markings yellow instead of orange, all the quills terminally
edged with yellow, broader on the inner secondaries : entire under
surface of body bright golden yellow. Total length 7*5 inches, cul-
men 0-6.5, wing 3-lo, tail 3-5, tarsus 0-6.

Ohx. The male collected by Mr. Wallace in Java is miich richer
in colour than tj-pical P. e.rsul, and is, to a certain extent, interme-
diate between it and P. xantliogaster.

Hah. Lombock ; East Java.

a, h. S ad. sk. Lombock. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.

c. 2 ad. sk. Lombock. A. R. Wallace, Esq. "C.

d. 6 ad. sk. E. Java. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.

8. Pericrocotus peregrinus.

Parus peregrinus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 342 ; Sjmrrm. Mm. Carls, pis. 48,

49 ; Sundev. Crit. oiii Sparrm. p. 9.
Muscicapa tiammea (pt.), Forster, Indische Zool. pi. 15. fig. 2.
Mesange de la cote de Malabar, Sonn. Voy. Inde, ii. p. 204, t. 114.

fig. 2. y - F .

Malabar Titmouse, Lath. Gen. Si/n. ii. pt. 2, p. 5-55 {ex Sonn. ).
Parus malabaricus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 1012 (ex Lath.).
Muscicapa malabarica, 6-'m. S. A', i. p. 1015 (ex Sparnn.}.
L'Oranor, Levatll. Ok. d'Afr. pi. 155. figs. I, 2 ; Sunder. Crit. om

Levaill. p. 42.
Muscicapa subflava, Tieill. N. Diet. xxi. p. 483.
Phcenicornis peregrina, H. Buie, Isis, 1827, p. 725 ; F. Bote, 1828,

p. 320 ; Goidd, Cent. Himal. 5. pi. 9; Jerd. Madr. Joiirn. x. p. 244.
Muscipeta peregrina, Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 85.

8. PERICEOCOTUS. 77

Muscicapa peregrinus, Tickell, J. A. S. B. ii. p. 574.

Pericrocotiis peregrinus, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 282 ; Blyth, J. A. S. B.

XV. p. 310; id. Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. I'J.S ; Bp. Comp. i. p. 356;

Horsf. i<, Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 140 ; Gould, B. Asia,

pt. ix. ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 423 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 3-35 ; HoMsw.

r. Z. S. 1872, p. 438 ; Hume, Str. F. 1873, p. 177, 1874, p. 209,

1875, p. 96 ; id. Nests SfC. Ind. B. p. 184 ; Salvad. Ucc. Born.

p. 145 ; Sharpe, Str. F. 1876, p. 209 ; Hume, Str. F. 1877, p. 179;

Tweedd. Ibis, 1877, p. 315; Hume >S- Dui-iso7i, Str. F. 1878, p. 212.
Pericrocotus malabaricus, Hume, Str. F. 1877, p. 182.

Adult male. Upper surface of body ashy grey, the rump bright
vermilion, as well as the upper tail-coverts ; tail black, the four
outer feathers orange towards the tip, decreasing in size towards
the inner feathers ; wing-coverts black, edged with dull grey, the
greater series with a tiny orange tip ; quills black, inclining to grey
towards the tips, the bases to the inner primaries conspicuous!}"
orange-red, forming an alar speculum, two of these feathers with
an additional streak of orange along the outer web ; a very narrow
frontal line, lores, sides of face, and throat ashy black : the breast
vermilion, washed with orange and shading off paler on the flanks,
the centre of the abdomen whitish, the under taU-coverts with a
yellowish tinge ; under wing-coverts and edge of the wing yellow,
some of the greater coverts with ashy black bases ; thighs ashy
black ; bill and legs black ; iris brown. Total length 6 inches, cul-
men 0-45, wing 2-.55, tail 2-9, tarsus 0-65.

Adult female. Unlike the male : light grey above, the scapulars
and wing-coverts uniform with the back ; throat white, the rest of
the under surface yellowish, deepening on the flanks and much
brighter on the under wing-coverts ; quills lighter and more brown
than in the male, the primaries with narrow whitish edgings, the
yellow wing-spot as in the male : rump vermilion ; tail as in the
male. Total length 6 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2-75, tail 31,
tarsus 0"6.

Obs. The examples from Southern India have blacker throats than
those from Nepal, but specimens from the Central Pro^•inces seem
to be intermediate. The Javau birds have grey throats, but the
Ceylonese specimens have this part black. Mr. Hume's remarks,
where he proposes to separate the northern birds as P. pere/jrinus
(L.) and the southern ones as P. nudaharicus (Gm.), are to be con-
sulted (Str. F. 1877, p. 182).

Hah. India and Ceylon, Burmese countries, Cochin China, An-
daman Islands, Java.

a. P. peregrinus, L.
a,b. (S 2 ad. sk. N.W. Himalayas. Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill

[p.].
c. $ ad. sk. Lower HiUs, Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esc[. [P.].

rf.2ad.sk. Thayetmyo, Pegu. W.T.Blauford,Esq.[P.].

e. (J, f-h. 2 ad. sk. Saigon,Cochiu China. M. E. Pierre [P.].

f. (^ ad., k. (^ juv. sk. W. Java. A. li. Wallace, Esq. [O.J.
/. Pull. sk. Java. Piu-cba»ed.

m,n. cJ ad. sk. West Java (E. C. F. Nicholson, Esq. [P.].

[Buxto7>).

78 CASH'OPHAGIDiE.

b. P. malabarims.

0. Var. sk. S. India. Major Elliot [P.].

p. (S ad. tit. Madras. Rev. H. H. Baber [P.l.

q, r. c? ad. sk. Madras Eev. H. II. Baber [P.].

s-v. c? ad. sk. Kamptee, C. P. Dr. B. Ilinde [P.].

w,.r. (S ad. sk. Ceylon. E. L. Layard, Esq. [C.].

9. Pericrocotus igneus.

Pericrocotus igneus, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 309; id. Cat. B. Mus.

A. S. B. p. 193 ; Bjy. Cum}}, i. p. 350; Verr. Rev. et Mag. de Zool.

1867, p. 109; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 335; Stvinh. I\ Z. S. 1871,

p. 379 ; Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 144 ; Sharpe, Str. F. 1876, p. 209 ;

td. Tr. Linn. Soc. new ser. i. p. 324; Hume, Str. F. 1877, p. 190;

id. <.y Davison, Str. F. 1878, p. 211.
Pericrocotus minutus, Stricld. Contr. Orn. 1849, p. 94, pi. 31.
Pericrocotus flagrans, Bp. Comp. i. p. 357 {ex Boie, MS.) ; Graij,

Hand-l. B. i. p. 335.

Adult male. Glossy blue-black, including the entire head and
throat ; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts fieiy vermilion ;
two centre tail-feathers black, the next pair black, excepting an
orange-red mark at the tip extending further up the outer web ; all
the other tail-feathers orange-red excepting the base of the inner
web, which extends further and further on the feathers as they
approach the centre of the tail ; wings blue-black like the back, the
greater series tipped with vermilion, and becoming merged in the
broad vermilion subbasal band which traverses the wing, becoming
less on the third primary, and disappearing on the iirst and second ;
under surface of body rich vennilion, the under wing-coverts yellow,
with here and there a slight wash of vermilion ; thighs blackish ;
bill and feet black. Total length 6 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 3,
tail 3, tarsus 0-65.

Adult female. General colour above dull ashy grey, the lower
back, rump, and upper tail-coverts fine vermilion ; four median tail-
feathers black, the remainder vermilion with black bases, gradually
increasing in extent towards the inner ones ; quills black, with a
broad bar of orange near the base of the quills, extending along the
outer web of some of the inner primaries ; ear-coverts grey ; lores,
feathers round the eye, cheeks, and under surface of body bright
yellow, inclining to orange on the flanks and under tail-coverts ;
thighs blackish ; under wing-coverts and edge of wing yellow.
Total length 5-5 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 2-75, tail 2-75, tarsus 0-6.

Hab. South of the Tenasserim j)rovinces and Malacca, ranging
northwards into Western China ; Borneo ; Palawan.

a. S ad. sk. Singapore. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.].

b. 2 ad. sk. Malacca. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

c. c? ad. sk. Kessang, Malacca. M. Bouvier.
d,e. 5 ad. st. Borneo. Hugh Low, Esq. [0.
f,y. c? ad. sk. N.W. Borneo. Hugh Low, Esq. [C.
h. $ ad., i. juv. sk. N.W. Borneo. Hugh Low, Esq. [C.J.
k. c? ad. sk. Kuching, Sarawak. Henry Everett, Esq. [C]
/. c? ad-. >»■ juv. sk. Palawan. Prof. J. B. Steere [C.J

8. PERICROCOTUS. 79

10. Pericrocotus brevirostris.

Muscipeta brevirostris, Vir/ors, P. Z. S. 1831, p. 43.

Phoeiiicomis brevirostris, Guuld. Cent. Himal. B. pi. 8 ; Jerd. Madr.

Juurn. X. p. 243.
PhcBiiicornis affiuis 6 , M'Ch'lland, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 156.
Pericrocotus brevirostris, Grai/, Gfti. B. i. p. 282 ; Blyth, J. A. S. B.

xi. p. 192, XV. p. 309; it^. Cat. B. Mtes. A. S. B. p. 193 ; Bp.Consp.

i. p. 357 ; Horsf. 8f Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. i. p. 141 ; Jerd.

B. Ind. i. p. 421 ; Grai/, Hand-l. B. i. p. 334 ; Swinh. P. Z. S.

1871, p. 379 ; Hetiders. ^ Hume, Lahore to Yark. p. 184 ; Hume,

Nests ^c. Ind. B. p. 183 ; 8hmye, Str. F. 1876, p. 209 ; Hume,

Str. F. 1877, p. 187 ; id. lV Davison, S. F. 1878, p. 273.
Pericrocotus affinis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 282.

Adult male. Above glossy blue-black, the back, rump, and upper
tail-coverts deep crimson ; tail crimson, the bases of the feathers
black, decreasing in extent towards the outermost, the two centre
feathers entirely black, the next two black, the outer web crimson ;
wing-coverts glossy black, the greater coverts crimson, with black
at the base and on the inner web of the interior ones ; quills black,
the primaries edged with white near the tips, the basal half of all
the quills excoptiug the three long outer primaries (where it is re-
presented by a spot on the inner web) crimson, the innermost secon-
dary entirely black, the next two crimson for half their length and on
outer web, leaving only a black patch towards tip of inner web ;
secondaries also tipped with whitish ; sides of face and throat black,
not so glossy as the head ; rest of under surface crimson, including
the under wing-coverts, the greater series of which are ashy black ;
thighs blackish ; bill and legs black ; irides dark brown. Total
length 7-5 inches, culmen O'-lo, wing 3--15, tail 4, tarsus 0-55.

Adult female. Above ashy grey, clearer on the head, the back
slightly washed with olive ; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts
yellow ; tail yellow, the basal half black, this black colour gradu-
ally encroaching towards the middle of the tail, the centre feathers
being black, with a narrow outer border of yeUow ; wing-s glossy
black, the small coverts greyer and washed with olive ; the greater
coverts tipped with yellow, and all the quills, except the inner se-
condaries, with a broad bar of the same colour near the base ; fore-
head and lores yellowish white ; chin, cheeks, and feathers below
the eye whitish ; cheeks and under surface of body yellow, washed
with orange on the breast ; under wing-coverts yellow. Total length
7'5 inches, wing 3'45, tail 4, tarsus 0'55.

Young males appear to resemble the old female, but are yellower
on the forehead and side face.

Hah. Himalaya mountains, from Eastern Cashmere to Bhotan,
coming in the cold season into the lower valleys and throughout the
submontane tracts, the plains of the N.W. Provinces, &c. ; eastwards
from ShiUong, Cachar, Sylhet, Tipperah, C'hittagong, Aracan, &c.
(Hume) ; Upper Burmah.

80 CAMl'OPHAGIDJi.

a.b. (S, c. 9 ad.sk. Caslimere. E. M. Langworthy, Eaq.

[P.].

<^>«- dj/. /;• ?a<i. sk. N.W.Himalayas. Capt. Stackbouse Pin-
will [P.].

h. Pull. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.;.

i. (5 imm. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P. .

k, I. cJ ad. St. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P-. •

7n-o. (S, p. $ ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, E.sq. [P.].

q. c? ad. sk. Right bank of Tapeng Dr. J. Anderson [C.].

river, Feb. 5, 1875.

1 1 . Pericrocotus neglectus.

Pericrocotus neglectus, Hume, Str. F. 1877, p. 189 ; id. Sr Damson,
S. F. 1878, p. 211.

"Clearly a miniature of P. brevirostris, and like it has the first
four primaries in both sexes plain on the outer webs. The total
length varies from 6-5 to 6-8 ; the tail from 3-0 to 3-25 ; the wings
varied — males 3-25, 3-3; females 3-2, 3-37, 3-32. Seeing, how-
ever, that the eastern form of P. brevirostris is smaller than the
western, I should not have separated these birds, though smaller
than the smallest Sikhim and Shillong specimens, merely on account
of difference of size. Nor would the proportionally much larger
bill have satisfied me of their distinctness, nor even the fact that in
both my males the black of the throat appears to descend further
on the breast than in any one of forty-six males of P. brevirostris,
as this might be due to some stretching of the skin in preparing it ;
but when with these differences is coupled a female of a wholly
different type, with the upper surface of a much darker grey, and
with the cbin, throat, and entire lower surface of the rich bright
hue of adult female P. speciosus, a hue not approached, as regards
chin and throat at any rate, by any one of the twenty-seven female
P. brevirostris now before me, I could not avoid recognizing what is
clearly a distinct species." (Hume.)

Hab. Central Tenasserim hills.

12. Pericrocotus miniatus.

Muscicapa miniata, Temm. PI. Col. 156.

Pericrocotus miniatus, F. Bote, I.'fis, 1826, p. 972 ; G-ray, Gen. B. i.
p. 282 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. -357 ; Cab. Mus. Hem. Th. i. p. 60 ; Grm/,
Hand-l. B. i. p. 336; Sharpe, Str. F. 1876, p. 210 ; Htime, Str. F.
1877, p. 192.

Acis miniata. Lesson, Ti-ait4, p. 388.

Phoenieoruis miniata, Jerd. III. Ind. Orn. text to pi. xi.

Adult male. Black, with a slight blue gloss, tlie sides of the face
and throat also black ; rest of under surface of body scarlet vermilion,
the thighs blackish, with pale rosy tips ; the under wing-coverts
rather paler vermilion than the breast, the lower series ashy black ;
wings black, the greater coverts entirely vermilion, except the in-
nermost, which are black with red edgings ; quills with a very broad
vermilion band, increasing in extent along the primaries, this colour
absent on the outer wob of the first to the fourth of these quills and

8. PEKICROCOTUS. 81

confined to the inner web only ; lower back, rump, and upper tail-
coverts scarlet-vermilion ; two centre tail-feathera black, slightly
edged and spotted at the tip with vermilion, the rest vermilion, with
black bases, increasing in extent on the inner web towards the
middle of the tail ; bill and feet black. Total length T'O inches,
culnicn 0-5, wing 3-35, tail 3-85, tarsus 0-55.

Adult female. Similar to the male, and having a black head ; the
back and least wing-coverts blackish, with dull crimson edgings to
the feathers ; greater coverts black, broadly tipped with vermilion ;
wings and tail otherwise as in the male ; forehead, eyebrow, sides
of face and entire under surface of body rosy vennilion ; thigh-
feathers blackish, with pale rosy tips. Total length 7-5 inches, cul-
men 0-5, wing 3-2, tail 3-8, tarsus 0-55.

Obs. F. niiniattts is extremely close to P. hrevirostris, but may be
told by the rosy colour on the thighs near the tarsal joint, and by
the vermilion colour of the greater wing-coverts ; in F. hrevirostris
these are black with crimson tips. The females are quite different.

Hah. Western Java.
a. S ad. St. Java. Purclinsed.

b,c. S 2 ^^- ^^^- ^^- "^^^^^ ^' ^' Wallace, Esq. [C.].

13. Pericrocotus roseus.

Muscicapa rosea, Vieill. N. Bid. d'ffisf. Xat. xxi. p. 486.
Plioenicoruis affinis, iWClell. P. Z. S. 1839, p. 157 (?).
Pericrocotus roseus, Grai/, Gen. £. i. p. 282 ; Bhjth, J. A. S. B. xv.
p. 310 ; id. Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 193 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 356 ;
Horsf.i^ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. i. p. 141; Goidd, B. Asia,
part "ix. ; Jerd. B. Lid. i. p. 423 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 335 ; Hume,
Xests 8,-c. hid. B. p. 184 ; Sliarpe, Str. F. 1876, p. 210 ; Hume,
Sir. F. 1877, p. 184 ; id. Sf Davison, S. F. 1878, p. 212.
Phcenicornis roseus, Jerd. III. Ind. Orn. text to pi. xi.
Adult male. General colour above ashy brown, rather greyer on
the head, and inclining to pale rosy on the lower back, rump, and
upper tail-coverts, the latter with bright rose-coloured tips ; tail-
feathers pale vermilion, with black bases, extending gradually more
and more towards the centre of the tail, the two middle feathers
blackish, the next two blackish, with vermilion running along the
outer web ; wings blackish, the scapulars and wing-coverts greyish,
the greater coverts tipped with vermilion and merging in the bright
vermilion basal bands on the quills, which traverse the wing ob-
liquely, extending further up the primaries than on the secondaries,
the innermost of which have rose-coloured spots near the tips of
their outer webs ; a narrow frontal line, plumes round the eye, and
cheeks whitish ; under surface of body pale rosy, much deeper on
the under wing-coverts, the chin and centre of abdomen whitish ;
thighs dusky at base, white at tip ; " bill dusky ; legs brown ; iris
brown " {Jerdon). Total length 6*7 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3-4,
tail 3-6, tarsus 0-6.

Adult female. General colour above pale ashy brown, slightly in-
clining to olive on the lower back and rump ; wings and tail much

82 CAJirOPHAGlDJJ.

as in the male, but yellow where the latter is vermilion, the
inner secondaries light brown with broad whitish edgings ; a
narrow frontal line running above the eye white ; lores ashy
brown ; rest of the sides of the face whitish, inclining to ashy
brown on the upper margin of the ear-coverts ; rest of under surface
bufly white, inclining to yellowish buff on the breast, deeper on the
flanks and under wing-coverts. Total length 7-5 inches, wing 3-5,
tail 3"5, tarsus 0-35.

Uah. Himalaya moimtains ; Burmese countries.

a. S ad. sk. Nepal. B. II. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

h. $ ad. sk. Behar. B. II. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

c. Ad. sk. N.W. Himalayas. Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill [P.].

d, e. 2 ad. sk. Tenasserim. J. C. D. Packman, Esq. [P. j.
f. (S ad sk. Tenasserim. J. C. D. Packman, Esq. [C.].
>. c? ad. sk, Pegu. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.].

14. Pericrocotus Solaris.

Pericrocotus solans, Bhjth, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 310; id. Cat. B. Mus.
A. S. B. p. 193; Gray, Gen. B. iii. App. p. 13; Gotdd, B. Asia,
part i. ; Bp. Comp. i. p. 356 ; Horsf. 4'- Moore, Cat. B. Mm. E.I.
Co. i. p. 393 ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 422 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 335 ;
Sharpe, Str. F. 1876, p. 210; Hume, Sir. F. 1877, p. 186; id. Sf
Davison, S. F. 1878, p. 212.

Adult male. General colour above leaden black, the lower back,
rump, and upper tail-coverts scarlet ; cheeks and sides of face ashy
grey ; the chin light grey, the rest of the throat orange ; remainder
of the under surface orange-scarlet, the thigh-feathers greyish black ;
under wing-coverts orange, rather inclining io scarlet near the edge
of the wing ; wing-covcrts above blackish, with a small spot of orange
near the tip of the outer primary-coverts ; the greater series black,
tipped with scarlet and merging in the vermilion band which traverses
the bases of the quills, running for some distance up the outer web of
the primaries, the first three of which have no orange on the outer
web ; centre tail-feathers black, edged with vermilion near the tip
of the outer web, the rest vermilion with black bases, increasing
gradually on the inner web towards the centre of the tail ; bill
black; legs brownish black; iris brown. Total length 7 inches,
culmen 0-55, wing 3-4, tail 4-1, tarsus 0-6.

Adult female. Dark grey above, the lower back, rump, and upper
tail-coverts greenish yellow ; wing-covcrts blackish, with greenish-
yellow margins, the greater series with narrow tips of yellow : quills
as in the male, but the basal band yellow instead of vermilion, the
primaries also edged with whitish towards the tip ; tail as in the
male, but yellow instead of vermilion ; sides of face Light grey ;
throat greyish white, shading into yeUow on the breast, all the rest
of the under surface being bright yellow ; thighs brown externally,
yellow internally. Total length 7 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 3'3o,
tail 4, tarsus 0-55.

Hah. Sikhim and Nepal, Khasia hills, hills of Tenasserim.

8. PERICK0C0TU8. 83

a. (S ad. St. Nepal B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.

b, c. cJ ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.
d-h. 2 ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.

15. Pericrocotus griseigularis.

Pencrocotus griseigularis, Goidd, P. Z, S. 18G2, p. 282 ; id. B. Asia,
part xvi. ; Swinh. Ibis, 1863, p. 263, et 1866, p. 399 ; Gray, Hand-l.
B. i. p. 335 ; Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 379 ; Sharpe, Str. F. 1876,
p. 211.

Adult nude. Above ashy black, with a slight gloss ; the forehead,
sides of the face, and sides of neck ashy grey ; lower back, rump,
and upper tail-coyerts fiery yermilion ; tail-feathers also vermilion,
with oblique black bases increasing in extent towards the centre of
the tail, the two median feathers of which are black, as also the next
two, but these have vermilion on the outer webs and at the tips ;
wings black, the greater series tipped Avith vermilion and merging
in the baud of the same colour which crosses the basal part of the
secondaries and extends for some distance up the outer web of the
inner primaries ; throat greyish white, with a slight yellowish tinge ;
rest of the under surface scarlet, inclining to yellow when the plumes
are disturbed ; thighs ashy black ; under wing-coverts orange washed
with vermilion, the inner ones blackish with orange tips. Total
length 6-7 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 3-2.5, tail 3-7, tarsus 0-6.

Adidt female. Above grey, the sides of face and of the neck much
lighter, the lower back tinged with olive and shading ofl" into the
yellow of the lower back, rump, and upper (ail-coverts ; wings and
tail as in the male, but yellow where he is red ; throat white,
slightly washed yellowish ; rest of under surface bright yellow,
the thighs greyish. Total length 7*3 inches, wing 3-2, tail 3-4,
tarsus 0-6.

Hah. Formosa.
a,h. c? 2 ad. sk. N. Formosa. R. Svrinhoe, Esq. [C.].

16. Pericrocotus cinereus*.

Pericrocotus cinereus, Lafresn. Rev. Zool. \{\i. p. 94; Bp. Cansp. i.

p. 357 ; Sch?-e)ick, Bins. Atmti-l. p. 381 ; Radde, Beis. Sibir. ii. p.

273 ; Gould, B. Asia, pt. ix. ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 335, no. 5050 ;

Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 378 ; id. Ibis, 1875, p. 116 ; Dybotcsk.

J. f. 0. 1875, p. 249 : Tacz. Bidl. Zool. Soc. France, i. p. 165 ;

Sharps, Str. F. 1876, p. 211 : Hume, Str. F. 1877, pp. 174, 175;

Sharpe, Ibis, 1877, p. 19; David ^- Oustal. Ois. C'Afwe, p. 137;

Hume ^- Davison, S. F. 1878, p. 212.
Pericrocotus modestus, Strickl. P. Z. S. 1846, p. 102 ; Bp. C'oiisp. i.

p. 357 (e.c Boie, 3IS. in Mu^s. Lugd.) ; Gray, Haiul-1. B. i. p. 335,

no. 5053.
Ceblepyris luctuosus, De Filippi, Mus. Medial, p. 31 ; Salvad. Atti

R. Accad. Torin. 1868, p. 271.

* Pericrocotus immodestcs.

Pericrocotus immodest us, Hume, Sfr. Feathers. 1877, p. 176.
Hah. Tenasserim.
A species brieflv described h\ Mr. Hume as being near P. cantonensis.

84

CAMrOPHAGID^.

Adxilt male. General colour above grey, tho forehead whitish as
also the sides of the face, the ear-coverts washed with grey on the
upper margin ; entire under surface of body dull white, the sides of
the body grey, as also the thighs, which have whitish edgings ;
wing-coverts blackish, washed with grey, the greater white at tip
with a subterminal black bar ; quills blackish externally, shaded
wath grey, especially the secondaries, which have broad Avhite
edgings preceded by a black subterminal bar, all the quills with a
white subbasal bar of white extending obliquely across the wing,
and larger on the inner than on the outer web ; tail black, washed
with grey, all the feathers with oblicjue white tips, excepting on the
four centre ones. Total length 7 inches, culmen U-(55, wing 3'7,
tail 3'65, tarsus 0-55.

Adult female. Differs from the male in being entirely grey above,
without any black on the head and nape, only the base of the fore-
head whitish. Total length 7'4 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 3*75,
tail 3-7, tarsus 0"55.

Hah. South Amoorland and the mouths of the Ussuri river,
through China to the Malayan peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo.

a. Ad. sk. China [?]. J. Gould, Esq.

b. (S ad. sk. Amoy, China, Oct. 4, R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.].

1859.
<■> f^- 6 2 ad. sk. Malacca. Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill,

[P.].
e,f. [ 2 1 ad. sk. N.W. Borneo. Hugh Low, Esq. [C]

^, A. [cJ], «. 2 ad.sk. Labuan. Governor Ussher [C.I.

k. cJ ad. sk. Bintulu, W. Borneo. Alfred Everett, Esq. [C.].

17. Pericrocotus cantonensis.

Pericrocotus cantouensis, Sivinh.Ibis, 1861, p. 42, 1805, p. 107, 1870,
p. 244 ; id. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 284, 1871, p. 378 ; Gray, Hand-l.
B. i. p. 335 ; Gould, B. Asia, part xxvi. ; Sharpe, Sir. F. 1876,
p. 211 ; Hume, Str. F. 1877, p. 177 ; David Sf Omtalet, Ois. Chine,
p. 107.

Pericrocotus sordidus, Sivinh. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 378 ; Grai/, Hand-l.
B. i. p. 335.

Adult female (Canton, 1860, 11. Swinhoe ; type of species).
General colour above grey, the head like the back ; fore part of
crown white, the vertex somewhat obscured by brown edges to the
feathers : scapulars shaded with ashy brown ; rump and upper tail-
coverts ashy or rather clay-brown, contrasting with the back ; wing-
coverts dark brown, edged with lighter brown ; primary-coverts uni-
form dark brown ; quills dark brown, the innermost secondaries with
paler ashy brown margins tinged with yellow near the tip ; primaries
with an oblique mark of yellow, very broad on the inner web and
narrow on the outer one, tho secondaries yellow at tho base, forming
a conspicuous alar speculum ; tail-feathers dark brown, tipped with
yellow or yellowish white on all but the two centre feathers, these
yellow tips becoming much broader on the outer tail-feathers ; in
front of the eye a three-cornered spot of black ; round the eye a

8. PERlCKOCOTtrS. 85

narrow ring of whitish feathers ; sides of face white, extending onto
the sides of the neck so far as almost to form a half-collar ; ear-
coverta light grey on the upper margin ; throat white ; rest of under
surface light ashy hrown, whiter on the centre of the breast and
abdomen as well as the under tail-covorts ; under wing-coverts light
yellow as also the axillaries, some of the latter white, washed with
yellow ; quills dark brown below, with yellow bases to the feathers.
Total length ()-4 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 3-4, tail 3-65, tarsus
0-55. (Mus. H. Seebohm.)

Adult male (Fungtoo, Szechuen, May 5, 1869 ; B. Swinhoe).
Similar to the female but darker grey, especially on the hinder
crown and ear-coverts ; tail-feathers tipped with white ; alar specu-
lum brown instead of yellow, the bases to the secondaries and the
markings across the primaries being brown, pale and indistinct.
Total length 6-2 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 3-45, tail 3*3, tarsus 0-6.
(Mus. H. Seebohm.)

Hub. China.

18. Pericrocotus erythropygius.

PliCBuicornia erythropygia, Jerd. ML hid. Orn. text to pi. xi.

Pericrocotus erythropygius, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 282 ; Blyth, J. A. S.
B. XV. p. 310; Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1848, p. 23, pi. 3; Bli/th, Cat.
B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 193; Bp. Consp. i. p. 356; Gotdd. B. Asia,
part i. ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 424 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 335 ; Adam,
Sir. F. 1876, p. 375 ; Sharpe, Str. F. 1870, p. 211 ; Hume, Sir. F.
1877, p. 177.

Adult male. Above glossy blue-black, the rump deep orange ;
upper tail-coverts black ; four centre tail-feathers black, the rest
black at base, white at tip, this increasing gradually towards the
outer feathers and occupying half of the latter ; wing coverts glossy
black, the greater series pure white ; quills black, browner at tip,
the primaries externally edged with whity brown, the inner secon-
daries externally edged with white, increasing on some more than
others, one of them white except for a black shaft-line, these white
plumes forming with the greater coverts a longitudinal bar down
the wing ; sides of face and throat black, not so glossy as the head ;
breast pale rosy vermilion, the rest of the under surface pure white ;
thighs black ; under wing-coverts white, the greater ones with black
bases ; bill and legs black ; iris brownish j'cllow. Total length 6
inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2-6.5, tail 3-2, tarsus 0-5.

Adult female. The parts that are black in the male are smoky
ash-colour (except the tail, which is deep black) ; the forehead
whitish ; rump and under surface white, tinged with ashy on the
breast. (Jerdon.)

Hab. The moderately dry, fairly cultivated plains of Northern
and Central India (Hume).

a. (S ad. sk. India. Purchased.

96 CAMPOPHAGID^.

19. Pericrocotus albifrons.

Pericrocotus albifrons, Jerdoyi, Ibis, 1862, p. 96 : Gray, Hand-l. B. i.
p. 335; Blanford, Ibis, 1872, p. 468; Hume, Sir. F. 1875, p. 96;
Sharpe, Str.' F. 1876, p. 212; Hume, Sir. F. 1877, p. 178; id. ^
Davison, Str. F. 1878, p. 212.

Adult male. Above glossy blue-black, the rump orange-vermilion
where the white bases do not show through ; upper tail-feathers
again blue-black ; tail black, ihe outer webs of the middle feathers
edged with white, all the other feathers tipped with white, increasing
in extent towards the outer feathers, the white predominating on
the outer ones ; wings black, the edge of the wing white, the outer-
most of the primary-coverts also edged with white ; greater coverts
black, edged with white, the centre ones entirely white ; quUls
blackish, more ashy brown at tip, the innermost secondaries white
all round, with an irregular blackish centre ; forehead, a broad eye-
brow, and sides of the face and neck pure white ; through the eye
to the ear-coverts a line of bluish-black feathers ; entire under surface
of body pm-e white, the chest ]3ale orange-vermilion, thighs blackish
externally ; under wing-coverts white ; bill and legs black, claws
dark horny ; eyelids grey ; iris dark brown. Total length 6 inches,
culmen 0-45, wing 2-55, tail 2-25, tarsus 0-55.

Adult female. Above ashy brown ; the forehead, cheeks, and
undcrparts white ; wing as in the male, bvit brown instead of black ;
middle tail-feathers blackish, the rest terminally white, this increasing
in extent towards the outer feathers ; rump white with a slight tinge
of vermilion here and there. Total length 6 inches, wing 2-6, tail
3-3, tarsus 0-6.

Hah. Independent Burmah and Upper Pegu.

a, b. (^ 2 ad. sk. Upper Burmah. Dr. Jerdon [P.].

(Types of species. )

9. LALAGE*. „

Type.

Lalage, Bote, Isis, 1826, p. 973 L. terat.

Erucivora, Swains. Faun. Bor.-Amer. Birds, p. 453

(1831) L. terat.

* Boie, in naming this genus in 1826, gave no description, but indicated the
type as Turdns orientalis, Gm., which has been recognized as such by all sub-
sequent ornithologists. In 1858 (that is to say, thirty-two years later) he states
(J. f. O. 1858, p. 359) that this is all a mistake, and that he meant Turdus
mindanensis to be the type of Lalage, having confounded the two species together.
Boie must be held to his original type, as the name of Lalage is in common use
everywhere, and its being transferred to Copsychus would lead to irretrievable
confusion: no one but tlie proposer is answerable for the original blunder,
which could not be suspected by any subsequent writers.

The following species have been placed in the genus Lalage: —

1. Lalage uropygialis, Bp. C. R. xsxviii. p. 541.

"Major; superciliis nullis; subtiis et late in uropygio albo-rufa."

Hab. .

Perhaps Symmorphus leucopygiits.

9. LALASE. 87

Oxynotus, Swains, torn. cit. p. 483 (1831) L. rufiventer.

Acanthinotiis, Swains, torn. cit. p. 483 (1831) .... L. rufiventer.

Schetba, Lesson, Ti-aite, p. 374 (1831) L. rufiventer.

Pseudolalage, Ulyth, J. A. S. B. xxx. p. 97 (1862) . L. melanoleuca.

Leg of Lalage pacifica.

From the islands of Mauritius and Reunion, through the peninsula
of India and Ceylon, to the Malayan peninsula and entire Malayan
archipelago ; throughout the Moluccas, Australia, and Oceania.

Key to the Species.

a. Under tail-coverts vehite.

a'. Throat slaty black sykesi, p. 89.

b'. Throat pure vrhite, plain meJanothorax, p. 91.

«". Under surface pure white, without a
pectoral band.
«'". Upper surface particoloured, the rump
lighter than the head ; scapulars uni-
form with the back,
a*. Back glossy greenish blaek.
a^ With no white eyebrow,
a". With the rump grey.

a'. Least and median wing-
coverts greenish black like

the mantle melanoleuca, p. 91.

f. Least and median wing-
coverts white, contrasting

with the mantle tricolor, p. 92.

b\ With the rump white; least
wing-coverts greenish black

like the back atrovirens, p. 93.

i'. With a distinct eyebrow.

c°. Eyebrow narrow; least wing-
coverts white Uke the median

2. Lalage cnALCOCEPiiALA ( Temm.) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 338, no. 5112.
Hab. Java.

Not a Cuckoo-Shrike, but a Bulbul, as correctly determined by Temminck.

3. Lalage leucoph.ea.

Sylvia leucophaea, Vieill. N. Diet. xi. p. 189.
Described as grey above, aud consequently not to be referred to L. terat or
L. timoriensis, as has been done by some authors.

4. Lalage nyctuemei!A {Temm.); Hartl. J. f. 0. 186.5, p. 165.

The type is from Timor, in the Leiden Museum, aud is Oreicola melanoleuca
(V.) with the under mandible broken off.

gg CAMPOPHAGIDJ!.

series; only two outer tail-
feathers tipped with white . . timorieimis, p. 94.
rf". Eyebrow broad; least wing-
coverts greenish black like the
back ; four outer tail-feathers
tipped with white.
c". Smaller: rump light grey, the
upper tail-coverts of the
same colour ; upper surface
glossy gi-eenish black .... te?-at, p. 95.
<r. Larger: rump darker gi-ey;
upper tail-coverts with a
blackish subterminal bar ;
upper surface dull glossy

black • pacifca, p. 97.

it'. Back gi'ey ; rump and upper tail-
coverts greyish white kucopygialis, p. 98.

h'". Upper surtace uniform, the rump not

lighter than the back.

c*. No wliite eyebrow; sides of face

and ear-coverts blue-black like the

rest of the upper surface ; tail

scarcely tipped with white letwopfera, p. 99.

d\ A broad white eyebrow; sides of
face and ear-coverts white ; upper
surface dull black-ish, the scapulars
spotted with white ; tail-feathers

broadly tipped with white whitmepi, 100.

b". Under surface white, with remains of
dusky bars on the breast.
c'". Upper surface gi-ey, the rump lighter;
wmg-coverts and quiUs edged with

white ; ■ • • terat $ , p. 96.

d'". Upper surface brown entirely; wing-
coverts and quills edged with light

brown tricolor $ , p. 92.

c". Under surface white, with a pectoral
band of purplish black; entire back
purplish black ; upper tail-coverts pure

^jjjjg hanhsiana, p. 100.

c'. Throat uniform white or gi-eyish; upper
surface uniform grey ; abdomen and under
tail-coverts wliite.
d". Larger: throat white; wing-coverts

edged with slaty grey nifiventer c? , p. 101 ,

e". Smaller: throat grey; wing-coverts
black, indistinctly margined with green-
ish black •.• ■ ntnvtoni S , P- 102.

iT. Throat white or greyish white, ban-ed with

gi-ey like the rest of the under surface.

f. Back rusty brown, the rump uniform

with the" back; tail-feathers broadly

tipped with white ; no white edgings to

the wing-coverts newfoni $ , p. 102.

g". Back ashv grey, the rump lighter than the
back, the feathers edged with hoary grey ;
tail very minutely tipped with white ;

2

[p-

et

6

aa

lOG.

9. I.ALAGE. SU

eyebrow hoarvgrey ; under wing-coverts
white barred witli grey lilce the brea,st . si/I:esi $ , p. 89.
/(". Back black, with a dull gloss ; rump
white, barred with blackish ; outer tail-
feathers only tipped ^^■ith white ; no eye-
brow ; under wiug-coverts pure white . atrvn'rens 2 » P- ^■^^

b. Under tail-coverts white barred with grey like

the rest of the under surface cuhninata J , p. 104.

c. Under tail-coverts dark slaty grey, uniform.
e'. Wings black, contrasting wath the grey back,

the wing-coverts and quills not edged with , ^,„j„-^^„ ^ |03.
light grey; quills not hgbter-edged below r„/,„-„^;^ d, P-104.
/ . \\iug3 grey, the coverts and quills edged ' ^ ' '^

with the same grey as the back, inclining
to hoary white on the greater coverts and
quills; "the quills below with a broad
white edge or wing-lining manacha ^ , p. 105.

d. Under tail-coverts buff or deep rufous.
g'. Tips to outer tail-feathers white.

i". Under surface barred with dusky grey on

a fulvous or greyish white- ground . . kucumelana
k" . Under surface uniform.

e'". Breast greyish white ; vent and under

tail-coverts fawn-rufous leucomelmm

/■'". Entire under surface orange-chestnut
except the chin, which is white like

the sides of the face aurea, p. 108.

h'. Tips to outer tail-feathers fulvous or red-
dish ; upper surface browTi.
/". Under surface deep fidvous barred with
dusky black ; rump lighter than the

back,' and barred with black monacha J , p. 10-5.

m". Under surface uniform rufous ; rump
uniform rufous, contrasting with the
brown back.
ff'". Chin and base of cheeks white; ear-
coverts dull brown streaked with ful-
vous ; under the eye a white streak . . 7-uf venter J , p. 102.
h'". Chin and base of cheeks rufous; ear-
coverts rufous-brown streaked with
chestnut insperata, p. 103.

1. Lalage sykesi.

Ceblepvris canus, Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 87 {nee Gm.).
CeblepvTis iimbriatus, Jerd. Madr. Journ. x. p. 242 {nee Temm.).
Lalage" sykesii, Strickl. Ann. N. H. xiii. p. 36 ; Horsf. 8f Moore, Cat.

B. Mas. E. I. Co. i. p. 175.
Campephaga svkesii, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283 ; Bhjth, J. A. S. B. xv.

p. 307 ; id. Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 191 ; id. Ibis, 1866, p. 368 ;

Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 338, no. 5106.
Volvocivora svkesii, Bp. Consp. i. p. 356 ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 414 ;

Hard. J. f. b. 1865, p. 162 ; Adarn, Sfr. F. 1873, p. 376 ; Ball, S. F.

1874, p. 291 : Butler, t. c. p. 464, 1876. p. 37, 1877, p. 220; Blyth

<^- Wafd. B. Burm. p. 123 ; Fairbank, S. F. 1876, p. 256, 1877, p. 400.
Erucivora svkesii, Pelz. Reis. Xoiara, Voff. p. 82.

90 CAMPOrit.VGID.'E.

Adult mnle. General colour above lig:ht grey, some of the rump-
feathers and upper tail-coverts with hoary white margins ; head all
round, nape, hind neck, sides of the latter, and t'oro neck glossy
black ; breast and sides of the bod}' light grey ; entire abdomen and
under tail-coverts pure white ; thighs slate-colour ; scapulars and
least wing-coverts grey like tho back ; rest of the wing-coverts
glossy black, margined with grey ; primary-coverts entirely black ;
quills black, the primaries obsoletely edged with white, broader on
the secondaries ; two centre tail-feathers grey, the rest black, tipped
with white, the white tips becoming broader towards the outer
feather ; under wing-coverts white, the axilLiries and small coverts
near the lower bend of the wing shaded with grey ; quills ashy
blackish below, white for more tlian half of the inner web ; " bill
and feet black ; iris dark red-brown " (Jerdon). Total length 7'2
inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3-75, tail 3, tarsus O'To.

Adidt female. General colour above grey, lighter on the lower
back and rump, the upper tail-coverts with dusky cross bars ; wings
browner tl\an the back, the feathers washed with grey, the greater
and median coverts and quills edged with white, the primary-coverts
not margined ; tail much as in the male, the outer feathers having
the terminal spot mottled with brown cross markings ; under sur-
face of body greyish white, narrowly barred with dusky blackish
cross lines, disappearing towards the abdomen and under tail-
coverts, which are pure white ; thighs dull white, barred with dusky ;
lores greyish white ; feathers in front of eye dusk)^ ; ear-coverts
dull greyish white, with distinct white shaft-streaks and mottled
with dusky cross bars ; checks barred like the under surface ; under
w ing-coverts resembling the breast, the cross lines on the greater
series rather more zigzag and longitudinal. Total length 7"2
inches, culmen 0*6, wing 3-6, tail 3, tnrsus 0-8.

Head of Lalage sykesi, to show extent of black on the tliroat.
Hah, Indian peninsula and Ceylon.

a. $ ad. sk. India. \V. AVilson Saunders, Esq.

[P.].

b. S ad. sk. Madras. Kev. H. H. Baber [P.].

c. 5 ad. sk. Madras. Dr. .lerdon [P.].

9. LALAGE.

91

d. J ail. sk. Tvavaufore. Capt. BickUiljili [C.].

«, f-d^adsk. Mysore. Capt.C.H.T. Marshall [P.].

(/.' 2 ad. sk. \'ingorla, Jan. 1809. Colonel Sturt [P.].

'h. d" ad. sk. Mahabaleshwur Hills. Colonel Sturt [P.!

>\j- 6 $ ad.sk. Ne\varaEliya,Ceylon. Mr. E. Boate [C.J.

h. cS ad. sk. Ceylon. Huorh Ciiminf^, Esq. [C.].

/. J ad., «i. d".i nv.sk. Central Provinces, A. Whyte, Esq. [C.].
Ceylon.

Subsp. a. Lalage melanothorax.

Similar to L. s^j/lrsi, but with a very much larger bill ; the whole
head and neck and the throat and chest glossy steel-black, extend-
ing much further down than in L. syl-esi. Total length 7'5 inches,
culmen 0*8, win_g •1-2, tail 3-2, tarsus OS.

Head of Lalage mekmollioriix, to show extent of black on the throat.
Huh. Madras.
<t. 2 ad. St. Madras. Rev. H. H. Ikber [p.].

2. Lalage melanoleuca.

Pseudolalage melanoleuca, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xxx. p. 97 ; Walden,
Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 178, pi. 29. fig. 2; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. new
series, vol. i. p. 351.

Pseudolalage melanictera, Schter, Ibis, 1862, p. 78 (lajisu cal.).

Lalage melanoleuca, Hartl. J. f. O. 1866, p. 163; Von Martens,
J.f. O. 1866, p. 12.

Campephaga melanictera, G'rai/, Hand-l. B. i. p. 339, no. 5129.

Adult. General colour above glossy greenish black, including the
scapulars and all the wiug-covcrts excei)t the innermost of the
median series, which are pure white, the iniiermost of the greater

H 2

92 CAMPOPUAfilD-K.

series white externally, greenish black on the inner web : (juills
greenish black, the secondaries externally white and forming a lon-
gitudinal patch along with the white wing-coverts mentioned above ;
lower back, rnmp, and upper tail-coverts light grey, with whitish
edgings to the feathers ; tail-feathers greenish black, very narrowly
tipped with white, the two external ones having a distinct spot of
white at the tip ; lores greenish black like the crown ; sides of face,
sides of neck, and entire under surface of bodj' pure white, including
the under wing-coverts, axillaries, and the quill-lining along the
basal half of the inner web. Total length 7'6 inches, culmen 0'75,
wing 4-4, tail 3-2. tarsus 0-95.

Hah. Philippine Islands.
a. cJ ad. sk. Philippine Islands. Hugh Cuming, Esq. [C.].

3. Lalage tricolor.
Ceblepyris tricolor, Swains. Zool. Juurn. i. p. 467 : Walden, Tr. Z. S.

ix. p. 177, note.
Ceblepyris bumeralis, Gould, P. Z. S. 18-37, p. 14.3.
Campepliatra bumeralis, Gould, B. Austr. fol. ii. p. 283 ; Gray, Gen.
B. i. p. 283 ; Rewhenh. Vog. Neuholl. p. 231 ; Gould, Handb. B.
Austr. i. p. 204 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 339, no. 5116.
Lalage bumeralis, Cah. Mns. Hein. Th. i. p. 60 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 355 ;
Hartl. J. f. O i860, p. 355 ; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 499 ;
Ramsay, 'Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. TV. ii. pt. 2, p. 181.
Erucivora bumeralis, Pelz. Reis. Novara, Voy. p. 82.
Adult male. General colour above glossy greenish black ; least and
median wing-coverts pure white, as also the greater coverts, the
latter black on the inner webs, the whole forming a large shoulder-
patch ; bastard wing, primary-coverts, and cjuiUs black, the secon-
daries with white margins to the outer web ; lower back, rump, and
upper tail-coverts light grey, the latter with whitish tips ; tail-
feathers black, the two outermost tipped with white ; lores black
like the crown ; no white eyebrow ; ear-coverts, cheeks, and under
surface of body pure white, including the under wing-coverts,
axillaries, and the base of the inner web of the quills ; " bill and
feet black; iris nearly black" (Gould). Total length 6'7 inches,
culmen 0-6, \ving 4-9, tail 3'9, tarsus 0-8.

Adult female. Brown above, the rump-feathers and np])er tail-
coverts narrowly edged with huffy white ; wing-coverts and secon-
daries broadly edged with sandy buff; tail brown, with naiTow
whitish tips to the feathers, the two oiitermost rather broadly tipped
with dull white ; an indistinct rufescent line from the base of the
bill above the eye, succeeded by a dusky brown streak through the
eye ; ear-coverts dull brown, with white longitudinal centres to the
feathers ; cheeks and throat whitish ; rest of under surface of body
yellowish buff, with indications of obsolete dusky cross markings on
the breast and sides of the body ; under wing-coverts, axillaries, and
quill-lining huffy white.

Vounr/ male. Earthy brown, the sandy buff margins to the wing-
coverts and secondaries very broad ; lower back and rump greyer
than the rest of the back, with obsolete cross lines of duskj grey ;

9. LALAGE. 93

under surface of body buffy white, with cross markiugs of dusky
brown on the breast and flanks.

Nestling. General colour above earthy brown, all the feathers
margined with whity brown, before which is a subterminal line of
blackish ; greater wing-coverts and quills edged with fulvous : lower
back and rump rather lighter than the rest of the back ; tail-feathers
brown, margined with sandy brown, the peuultimate feathers tipped
with buffy white, broader on the outermost feather, which has the
outer web also of this colour : sides of face and under surface of body
dull white, plentifully spotted with mesial streaks of brown on the
feathers, these streaks disappearing on the abdomen.

Hab. Australia and South-eastern New Guinea.

a. cJ ad. St. Australia. J. Gould, Esq. [C.].

6, c. (S imm. sk. Australia. Sir T. Mitcliell [P.].

d. 2 «id. St. Yarrundi river. J. Gould, Esq. [C.].

e,f. c? ad. sk. South Australia. Sir G. Grey [P.].

g. (S ad. sk. • Burr Range, interior of Capt. Sturt [P.].

S. Australia.

h. Pull., *. (S ad. St. West Australia. J. Gould, Esq. [C.].

k,l. Juv. sk. N.W. Australia. J. R. Elsey, Esq. [P.].

tn. (J juv. sk. Lat. 17", long. 1.34°, Julv J. R. Elsey, Esq. I P.l

1856.

n. Juv. sk. Port Essington. Capt. Chambers [P.].

o. cJ ad. sk. Port Moresby, S.E. New 0. C. Stone, Esq. [C.].

Guinea.

4. Lalage atrovirens.

Campephaga (Lalage) atrovirens, Grai/, P. Z. S. 1861, pp. 430.

4.3;i

Lalage atrovirens, Hartl. J. f. O. 1865, p. 164.

Campephaga atrovirens, Fimch, Neu-Guinea, p. 172 ; Grmj, Hand-I.
B. i. p. 339, no. 5121 ; Giehel, Orn. Thes. i. p. 654.

Adult male (type of species). General colour above glossy greenish
black, the head with a faint shade of steel-blue ; across the rump a
broad band of white ; feathers of the lower rump rigid, white at
base and tipped with white, before which is a subterminal spot of
greenish black ; upper tail-coverts black with greenish edges, some
of the lower ones margined with white ; tail-feathers black, edged
with greenish, the outermost feather tipped with a white spot ; least
wing-coverts greenish black like the back, the median series black
broadly tipped with white, forming a transverse bar ; the greater
series black tipped with white, increasing in extent towards the in-
nermost, which are broadly margined with white ; primary-coverts
entirely black ; quills black, the secondaries I'ather broadly edged
with white externally ; sides of face and sides of neck white, the
upper edge of the ear-coverts greenish black like the crown ; lower
edge of eyelid white like the adjoining cheeks, the rest greenish
black ; entire under surface of body pure white, including the under
wing-coverts, some of the outermost of which have black bases ;
quills dusky, blackish below, with broad white lining to the inner

b. ^ 2 ad. sk.

Mvsol.

(5 ad. sk.

Mvsol.

$ ad. sk.

Salwatti

94 CAMPorilAOID.E.

web. Total length 7-S inches, cuhuen O-O, vring SS"), tail 3-3,
tarsus 0-8.

All uJt female. Similar to the male, but rather duller above, more
ashy but with a greenish gloss ; below white, narrowly barred across
■with wa^•y cross lines of blackish ; under wing- and tail-coverts
white, as well as the quill-lining ; cheeks white, the ear-coverts
dusky white with clearer white shaft-lines. Total length V'G inches,
culmen OSo, wing 3-S5, tail 3-3. tarsus 0-85.

B.ah. Mysol, Salwatti, iS'ew Guinea.

A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.].
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].
A. E. WaUace, Esq. [C.J.

5. Lalage timoriensis.

Ceblepn-is timoriensis, <S'. Mull. Nat. Verschied. Land- en Volkenk.

p. 190.
Campephaga timoriensis. Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283 : id. Hand-l. B. i.

p. 3.39.
Lalage timoriensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. Zoo ; Hartl.J.f. O. 1865, p. 165 ;

Finsch, JVeu-Guinea, p. 172; Salvad. Ucc. Burn. p. 147.
Lalage leucophfea, Wall. F. Z. S. 1863, p. 485 {nee V.).

Adult male. General colour above glossy greenish black, the lower
back, rump, and upper tail-coverts light grey, the latter with narrow
whitish tips ; lesser and median wing- coverts pure white, forming a
large shoulder-patch, the greater series black, narrowly edged with
white, the inner ones white on the outer web, black on the inner ;
quills black, the secondaries narrowly bordered with white on the
outer web ; tail black, with very narrow white tips to some of the
feathers, the two outermost plainly tippjd Avith white ; a narrow
line of white running from the base of the nostrils above the eye ;
upper and lower edge of the eyelid white ; through the eye a black
streak from the base of the bill to the nape ; cheeks, ear-coverts,
sides of neck, and entire under surface of body pure white, including
the under wing-coverts, axillaries, and the inner lining of the
quills. Total length 7 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 3-75, tail 3-1,
tarsus 0-8.

Adult female. Different from the male ; brown with darker
centres to the feathers of the crown : lower back, rump, and upper
tail-coverts grey, with whitish edges to the feathers ; wing-coverts
and quills dark brown, all edged with sandy rufous : tail-feathers
brown, the feathe-rs edged and tipped with sandy buff, the two outer
ones tipped with white, extending up the outer web of the external
feather ; a narrow buffy white, eyebrow from the nostril over the
eye, succeeded by a streak of dusky brown through the eye ; sides
of face and imder surface of body buffy white, with obscure dusky
bars on the breast and sides of the body ; thighs greyish : under
w ing-coverts and quill-lining buffy white. Total length 7"3 inches,
wing 3'4o, tail 3-05, tarsus 0'7o.

Young. Brown like the old female, but not grey on the lower

9. LALACiE. 'J5

back, whiuh is only a little lighter bro\vn than the rest of the
back ; under surface of body white, with nearly obsolete shaft-
streaks of brown ; tips to all the tail-feathers very distinct.
Hab. Timor group of islands.

a. 2 juv. sk. Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [CI.

b, c. (S ad. sk. E. Timor. A. R. WaUace, Esq. [C.I.
d, e. Juv. sk. E. Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].
/. d' ad. sk. Timor Coupong. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.'.
</. (S ad., /i. (S juv. sk. Lombock. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C."l.
i. 2 juv. sk. Bali. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

6. Lalage terat*.

Le Merle des Indes, Bi-iss. Orn. ii. p. i-iS, pi. .31. fig. .3.

Le Terat-Boulan, Month. Hid. Nat. des Ois. iii. p. 397.

Le Merle des ludes oiientales, UAubent. PI. Enl. iv. pi. 40. fig. 2.

Ash-rumped Thrush, Lath. Gen. Sr/n. ii. p. 74. <

Tardus terat, Bodd. Tall PL Enl. pi. 17.

Turdus orieutalis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 821.

Sylvia orientalis, Bon/t. ^- Vieill. Enc. Meth. ii. p. 487.

Ceblep\ris striga, Ilorxf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 145.

Turdus* striga, Eajl. tSc. p. -311.

Lalage orieutalis, Boie, Ids, 1826, p. 973; Blyth, Cat. B. Miis. A. S. B

p. 192 ; Bp. Crnisp. i. p. 3.55 ; Cab. Mas. Hein.Th. i. p. 60; Horsf.

8r Moore, Cat. B. Mas. E. I. Co. i. p. 175 ; Moore, P. Z. S. 1854,

p. 273 ; Bernst. J.f. O. 1859, p. 274; HaHl. J. f. O. 1865, p. 166.
Erucivora orieutalis. Swains. Faun. Bor.-Ainer., Birds, p. 483 ; Pelz.

Beis. A^vara, Viiy. p. 81.
Ceblepjris orieutalis, S. Miiller, Nat. Versch. Land- en Volkenk. p. 190 ;

Less. Echo da Monde Sac. p. 232.
Pycnonotus humeraluides, Less. Descr. 3Iamm. et Ois. p. 305.
Campephaga terat, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 339.
Lalatre terat, Hume, St'r. F. 1873, p. 454, 1874, p. 202; Salvad. Ucc.

Born. p. 145; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 107.
Lalage dominica, Walden. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 178; Ttceeddale, Ibis, 1877

p. 313 ; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. uew ser. i. p. 324 ; Ticeedd. P. Z. S.

1877, pp. 545, 759, 827, 1878, pp. 108, 285, 342; id. Ib's, 1877,

p. 313.

Adult male. General eoloui' above glossy greenish black, the sca-
pulars and least wing-coverts like the back ; median series pure
white, as also the greater coverts, the latter black with the outer

* The oldest name for this bird is, no doubt, Turdus doininiciis of P. L. S.
Miiller (S. N. Anhang, p. 14.") ; Cass. Pr. Pbilad. Acad. 1S(U. p. 251), a gentle-
man wbo brought out an edition of Limi.tus's ' Systema >'atur.'e ' and included
species published since ITOli. The date at which he wrote (1776) enabled bim
to name several of D'Aubenton's ' Planches Enluuiinees,' to which be was the
first to give titles. It is a great question whether this author is entitled to
recognition at the hands of ornithologists, as he was apparently colour-blind —
witness his bestowing the name of liridis upon the rufous-aud-grey Terjmjjhone
of Souih Africa, and castanca upon the totally black J'hilcpitta j<da of Mada-
gascar ! In the case of Lalage terat he has committed himself greatly, as he has
not noticed the numbers of the figures on D'Aubenton's plate, and has named
the upper bird ("Merle des Indes orientales") dorainica, instead of the under
figure, which represents a bird from San Domingo ; to this he has given the name
of itidicus.

90 CAMPOFQAGIU^.

web white and olso a portiou of the edge of the inner web ; primary-
coverts and quills black, the secondaries externally bordered with
white, forming a longitudinal bar down the wing ; lower back, rump,
and upper tail-coverts clear grey, the latter with silvery grey edges ;
tail-feathers black, narrowly edged with st.'el-green, tipped with
white, these tips much broader on the outer feathers, the two centre
ones shaded with grey towards the base of their inuer webs ; nasal
plumes, lores, and a broad eyebrow white ; a spot in front of the eye
and a streak behind the latter, above the ear-coverts to the sides of
the nape, black ; sides of face, ear-coverts, and entire under surface
of body pure white, with a slight greyish tint on the breast and
flanks ; under wing-coverts and inner lining of quills white for more
than half the inuer web ; " bill black ; legs and feet black or
plumbeous; soles yellowish horny; iris brown" {Hume). Total
length 6-1 inches, culmen 0-G5, wing 3-35, tail 2-85, tarsus 0-8.

Adult female. Differs from the male in being entirely grey above,
lighter on the rump and upper tail-coverts, the latter with whitish
edges, the head and mantle with blackish streaks down the centre of
the feathers ; below white, the breast narrowly barred with obscure
greyish cross lines ; two centre tail-feathers grey at base and for the
greater part of their inner webs ; " bill black ; legs blackish grey ;
iris dark brown " {A. Everett). Total length 6-3 inches, wing 3-6,
tail 2-8, tarsus 0-8.

Dr. Hartlaub describes the female as similar to the male, but
Count Salvadori (' Ucc. Born.' p. 147) identifies this sex as having a
grey back. I have described Labuan birds sent without labels by
Mr. Low and Governor Ussher, but evidently male and female.
Mr. Everett has settled the question by sending correctly dissected
specimens from Luzon which agree with the Labuan birds described
by me. Salvadori hints at the probability of the Bornean bird being
specifically distinct from that of the rest of the Malayan archipelago,
but I find Philippine examples not diftering from those of Labuan.
Lord Tweeddale says that birds from Southern Borneo have a longer
wing and larger bill than those of Java.

Young. Like the old females, but the grey back more or less suf-
fused with brown, the feathers in some parts edged with Avhity brown ;
below the dusky cross lines are broader, and the chest is washed with
sandy bufE ; the greater wing-coverts have zigzag cross bars of
blackish.

Count Salvadori describes the young as being " like the females,
but varied with white above and longitudinalhj streaked and spotted
with dusky below." This must be a younger stage than I have yet
seen.

Hah. Nicobar Islands, Malayan peninsula, Java, Sumatra, Borneo,
Labuan, Philippine Islands.

a. 2 ad. sk. Nancowry Island, Ni- R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

cobars, Dec. 1873

(Capf. Wimberley).
h. (S ad. sk. Malacca. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

c,d. S 'id., e. 2 ad.sk. \\' . ia.\M E.C.Bu.vton). F. JS'icholson, Esq. [P.].

9. LALAGE. 97 ■

/. 2 ad. sk. Labuau ( //. Luw). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

ff. cJ ad. sk. Labuan. Hugh Low, Esq. [C.].

h

h. (J ad., i. cJ jun.sk. Labuan. Governor Ussher [0.1.

k. Juv. sk. Philippine Islands. Hugh Cuming, Esq. [C.].

/. c? inim. sk. Dumalon, Mindanao. Prof. J. B. Steere [C.l.

w. c? ad. sk. Oebu, April 1877. Alfred Everett, Esq. [C.

fi. 2 ad. sk. Monte Alban, Luzon, Alfred Everett, Esq. [C.

Feb. 1877.

o. 5 ad. sk. SanMateo,Luzon,Feb. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

1877 (A. Everett),

p. (S ad. St. Luzon. E. Wilson, Esq. [P.].

7. Lalage pacifica.

Pacific T!n-ush, Lath. Gen. Syn. iii. p. 38; id. Gen. Hist. v. p. 117.

Tardus pacificus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 813 (ex Lath.).

Colluricincla maculosa. Peak, U. S. Expl. Rip. 1848, p. 81, pi. 23.

fig. 1.
Lalage terat (nee Bodd.), Cass. U. S. E.cpl. Kip. p. 143; Fmsch ^

Haiti. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 540; iid. Faun. Centralpolyn. p. 80:

Whitmee, Ibis, 1875, p. 440; Layurd, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 433, 1876,

pp. 494, 502 ; id. Ibis, 1876, p. 144.
Oampephaga pacifica. Gray, Cat. B. Trap. Isl. Pacific Ocean, p. 23 ;
• id. Hand-!. B. i. p. 3-39.
Campephaga maculosa. Gray, t. c. p. 23 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 339.
Lalage pacifica, Hartl. J. f. O. 1865, p. 169.
Lalage maculosa, Finsch, P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 724, 735, 773.

AdaU male. General colour above greenish black, the sides of the
nock white, so as to form almost a collar round the hind neck ; rump
and upper tail-coverts grey, with huffy white margins to the feathers,
the upper tail-coverts having a subterminal shade of black ; scapulars
and least wing-coverts black like the back, the median series white,
the outermost with black mesial patches ; greater series black with
■white tips, the inner ones broadly white externally, forming with
the median coverts a white wing-patch; primary-coverts entirely
black ; quills black, the primaries narrowly edged with white, the
secondaries more broadly ; tail-feathers black, narrowly tipped with
white, becoming broader towards the outer feathers, the two outer-
most having a large white apical spot ; lores white, continued into
a broad superciliary streak, succeeded by a second line of greenish
black drawn from the base of the bill through the eye and including
the upper edge of the car-coverts ; cheeks, ear-coverts, and entire
under surface, including the under wing-coverts and the base of the
inner web of the quills, white ; thighs white, with black bases ; " upper
mandible bluish black, lower pale yellow with dark tip ; legs bluish ;
iris dark brown " (A'. A. Layard) ; " iris black '" (Brenchley).
Total length 7 inches, culmen 0-7, wing 3-7, tail 2-7, tarsus 1.

Adult female. Browner than the male, the head only greenish
black and contrasting with the back, the feathers of the upper
snrface being edged with lighter brown ; rump and upper tail-
coverts ashy, the feathers edged with huffy white, with a subterminal
bar of black, imparting a barred appearance to this part ; tail brown,

98

CAMPOPn.vGrD.i:.

tipped with -white, only the two outer tail-feathers having white
apical spots of largo size ; white margins to the quills and wing-
coverts narrow and not forming a patch as in the male ; rest of
plumage as in the latter, but the sides of the face, sides of neck and
of body below barred with zigzag cross lines of dusky black ; " iris
dark brown " (BrencJiley). Total length 6-5 inches, wing 3-6, tail
2-7, tarsus O'So.

The female described is from M'Eau Island, Fiji (BrcncJiIeif), as I
have not seen a dissected specimen from Tongatabu. The Fiji and
Friendly Islands birds are, however, specifically identical, though
specimens from the former group appear to be smaller, the wing not
exceeding, as a rule, 3-45 inches in length.

Tounij. Differs from the adult in having the feathers of the upper
surface edged with rusty colour or hoary white ; the wing-coverts
and quills margined with rusty, the white wing-coverts with large
black centres ; sides of face, breast, and flanks mottled with zigzag
cross markings of blackish.

Two young birds from Samoa are ashy brown above, white below,
with i-emains of wavy arrow-head lines of dull brown, and have
yellow bills.

Hah. Oceania : Friendly, Fiji, and Navigator groups of islands.

a.

S ad., h. jiiv. sk.

c.

S ad. sk.

d.

5 ad. sk.

e.

(J imm. sk.

f.

cJ ad. sk.

9-

cj ad. sk.

h,

i. 6 2 ad. sk.

k.

2 iuv. sk.

I.

2 juv. sk.

m

Ad., n. jun. sk.

0.

Ad., p. imm. sk.

?■

Juv. sk.

r.

Ad.,s. juv. sk.

t.

Ad. sk.

Tonsatabu.

Tongatabu, July 18G5.
M'Bau Island, Fiji,

August 1805.
Viti.

Viti, Feb. 7, 1877.
Viti, April 16, 1877.
Bua, Fiji.

Kandavu, Sept. 187fi.
Interior of Viti Levu,

Ma.ylP'7S( Dr. Xlein-

schmidt).
Samoa.

Upolu, Samoa.
Upolu, Samoa.
Upolu, Samoa.
Upolu, Samoa.

Sir E. Home [P.].
J. Brenchley, Esq. [P.
J. Brenchley, Esq. [P.

Purchased.

Dr. Smith [C.].

Dr. Smith [C.].

E. A. Layard, Esq. [C.].

Dr. Kubary [C.].

Godeffroy Museum.

J. Goidd, Esq.

Eev. S. J. VVhitmee [C.].

Rev. S. J. Whitmee [0.].

M. Krause [C.].

Dr. Kubary [C.].

8. Lalage leucopygiaUs.

Campephaga leucopygialis, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 3-39, no. 5125

{descr. nulla).
Lalage leucopygialis, Walden, Tr. Z. S. viii. p. 69, no. 88, pi. 8. fig. 2 ;

Salvad. Ann. Mas. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 658.

Adult male. General colour above grey, darker on the head, glossed
with greenish, the back narrowly streaked with dusky shaft-lines ;
scapulars grey ; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts lighter
grey, shading off into white on the latter ; least wing-coverts glossy
blue-black ; greater and median series blackish, with broad white
margins to the feathers ; primary-coverts black ; quills black, the
primaries narrowly tipped, the secondaries margined externally with

9. LALAGE. 99

white ; tail-feathers blackish, the two outer feathers tipped with
white, broader on the outermost ; from the base of the bill a broad
white eyebrow extending to above the ear-coverts and slightly
washed with grey ; in front of the eye a spot of dusky blackish, as
also a line behind the eye ; feathers round the eye white, except
where the eyelid joins the black line through the eye ; cheeks and
car-coverts white, the latter dusky on their upper margin ; entire
under surface of body pure white, with tiny specks of zigzag cross
lines on the fore neck and throat ; thighs grey with white edgings ;
quills dusky blackish below, greyish white along the inner webs.
Total length 7"G inches, culmenO-65, wing 3-75, tail 3"15, tarsus 0"8.

Youmj fhnale. Earthy brown above, the head with mesial shaft-
streaks of blacldsh : least wing-coverts brown, the median series
rusty buff with black mesial bases ; greater coverts and quills brown
edged with rusty, broader on tho secondaries ; lower back and rump
dull grey with whitish margins, the long upper tail-coverts rusty
brown shaded with grey and tipped with whitish ; tail-feathers
brown, all tipped with white, broader on the outermost ; eyebrow
rusty buff : ear-coverts dusky, with white centres to the feathers ;
cheeks and under surface of body buft'y white, with dusky bars on
the flanks.

Two nearly adtilt males are grey like tho adult, with rusty tips to
the feathers of the head and back.

Hah. Island of Celebes ; Sula Islands.

a. c? ad. sk. Menado. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.l.

h, c. S inim. sk. Makassar. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.'.

d. 5 juv. sk. Makassar. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

9. Lalage leucoptera.

Campephaga leucoptera, Schl. N. T. D. iii. p. 45.

Adult male (Kordo, Misori, May 20, 1875, Beccari). General
colour above glossy blue-black, including the lores, sides of face, and
ear-coverts ; cheeks and entire under surface of body pure white,
including the under wing-coverts and axillaries ; thighs black ;
least wing-coverts like the back ; median and greater series pure
white, the outermost greater coverts black tijjped broadly with white,
the innermost more or less black on the inner web ; bastard plumes,
piimary-coverts, and quills black, the inner secondaries externally
white, forming a large white wing-patch continuous with the white
coverts ; tail black, with a narrow edging of blue-black to the feathers,
the two outei-most of which have a small white tip. Total length
7*5 inches, culmen 0-55, wing '4-2, tail 3-0, tarsus 0-9. (J/i<5. Civic.
Genov.)

Adult female (Kordo, May 11, 1875, Beccari). Brown where
the male is blue-black, with a more distinct gloss on the head, the
feathers of the rump and upper tail-coverts with grey edges ; the
white under surface and wing-markings as in the male ; ear-coverts
brown, with narrow whitish shaft-lines on the lower parts. Total

100 CAMPOPHAGIDJE.

length 7-2 iuclies, culuien 0-55, wing '&dii, tail 3, tarsus 0-8.
{Mtis. Cii'ic. Oe)iov.)

Hah. Island of Misori in the Bay of (xeelvink, New Guinea.

a.b. S 2 iid. sk. Kordo, Misori, April 187;5 Dresden Museum.

{Dr. A. B. Meyer).

10. Lalage whitmeei.

Lalage whitmeei, Shurpe, Mitth. k. zuol. Mus. Dreschn, Heft iii.

Adult male. General colour above glossy black, with only the
faintest shade of green ; sides of the neck white, encroaching behind
so as to form a half-collar ; lesser wing-coverts margining the edge
of the wing black, the rest of the lesser coverts as well as the median
series pure white, the former with black mesial streaks fonning a
conspicuous shoulder-patch ; greater coverts black, with broad white
endings to the outer webs ; primary-coverts black, narrowly tipped
with white ; quills black, the primaries narrowly margined with
white, the secondaries more broadly ; some of the outer scapulars
with white terminal spots ; long upper tail-coverts with a shade of
grey ; tail-feathers black, all tipped with white, increasing in extent
towards the outermost, which are very broadly tipped with white ;
a broad white eyebrow from the base of i\\e nostrils to the sides of
the nape, succeeded by a broad streak through the eye from the base
of the bill to the nape ; ear-coverts, sides of face, and entire under
surface of body pure white, including the under wing-coverts and
quills at base of the inner web ; thighs white, with blackish bases.
Total length G-4 inches, eulmen 0-65, wing 3-9.5, tail 2-S, tarsus 1-05.

Female {not quite adult). Black Hke the male, but with a few
remains of greyish edges to the rump-feathers and ujjper tail-
coverts ; scapulars externally spotted with white at the tip ; sides of
the body below with dusky zigzag cross lines. Total length 6-8
inches, wing 4-05, tail 3-1, tarsus 1-05.

Obs. This species appears to be quite distinct from L. padjica,
from which it differs in its black rump. The female bird is not
quite mature, and shows that in the young plumage it resembles the
young of L. pacifica. Another difference is seen in the white spots
on the scapulars, and also in the very broad white tips to the tail-
feathers.

Hah. Savage Island.
o. <S ad. sk. Savage Island. J. Brenchley, Esq. [P.].

h. $ jun. sk. Savage Island. J. Brenchley, Esq. [P.I.

c. Ad. sk. Savage Island. Rev. S. J. Whitmee [C.].

d. Juv. sk. Purchased.

11. Lalage banksiana.

Lalage banksiana. Gray, Attn. 8r Mag. N. H. 1870, p. .329 ; id. in

Brenchley' s Cruise of the Curagoa, App. p. 372, pi. 10 ; Layard, Ibii,

1878, p. 273.

Adidt male (type of species). General colour above purplish black,

the feathers long and silky and white at the base ; upper tail-coverts

9. I.ALAGE. 101

pure white ; tail-feathers white, blackish at the base aiul along the
edge of the outer web, the two centre feathers black with a white tip ;
least wing-coverts purplish black, the inner ones white with black
edges ; median wing-coverts pure white ; greater series also white,
the outer ones black, with a large diamond-shaped spot of white at
the tip; primary-coverts black, white at base of outer web; quills
black, the secondaries edged and tipped with white, the innermost
entrrely pure white ; lores, feathers round the eye, an eyebrow
joining the sides of the crown, and sides of nape and neck white, the
latter so extended as to leave only a broad nuchal band from the head
to the mantle ; entire under surface of body creamy white, including
the under wing- and tail -coverts and the quills at the base of the
inner web ; across the fore neck a band of purplish black ; bill and
legs black ; " iris black " {Brencldey), " deep brown " {E. L. Layard).
Total length 5-6 inches, culraen 0-6, wing 3-15, tail 2-55, tarsus 0-8.

Female. Like the male, but having the white ends to the tail-
feathers less extended, and having some of the wing-coverts and
secondaries edged with fulvous (probably remains of an immature
plumage). Total length 5-3 inches, wing 3, tail 2-5, tarsus 0-9.

Hab. Banks's Islands, and Yate in the New Hebrides group.

a,h. (^2 ^tl- sk- Vanua Lava, Banks's Group, J. Brencbley, Esq. [P.].
August 1865. (Tj-pes of species.)

12. Lalage rufiventer. '

Lanius feiTUgiueus, Freycinet, Voy. Uranie, p. 96, pi. 18 {nee Gm.).
Schetba ferruginea, Lessmi, Traite, p. .374.
Oxynotus ruiiventer, Swahu. Faun. Bor.-Am., Birds, p. 48.3.
Campephaga capensis, Blyth, Cat. B. Mks. A. S. B. p. 191.
Oxvnotus feiTiigineus, Hartl. Faun. Madag. 1862, p. 51, note ; Schl.

P. Z. S. 1866; p. 423 ; ScM. ^ Poll. Faun. Madaq. p. 82.
Oxynotus tvpicus, HaHl. J. f. O. 1865, p. 160; Pollen, Ibis, 1866,

p. 278, pL 7; Hartl. Voy. Maday. 1877, p. 182.
Campephaga rufiventer, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 339, no. 5131.

Adidt male. General colour above slaty grey, darker on the head,
the feathers of which have dark shaft-streaks ; least wing-coverts
like the back, the greater and median series blackish, edged with
slaty grey ; primary-coverts black ; cpiills blackish, externallj' edged
with slaty grey, shading off into white on the primaries and outer
secondaries, which have also a terminal notch of white ; two centre
tail-feathers blackish edged with grey, the rest of the feathers black
tipped with white, increasing in extent towards the outermost ;
lores dull whitish, extending over the front of the eye and forming
an indistinct eyebrow ; feathers in front of the eye black ; feathers
below the eye, cheeks, and ear-coverts light grey, the latter with
white shaft-streaks, the upper edge of the ear-coverts dark grey like
the head ; rest of under surface of body light grey, the throat and
centre of the abdomen and under tail-coverts white ; thighs dark
grey ; under wing-coverts and axillaries white ; quills brown below,
the inner web very broadly white for nearly half its extent ; " bill

102 CAMPOPHAGID^.

black ; feet bluish ; iris hazel." Total length 8 iuches, culiucn 0-7 ">,
wing 4-1.3, tail 34, tarsus 1-U5.

Adult, female. Ditferent from the male. General colour dull
rufous-bro-wn, the rump and upper tail-coverts brighter and more
brick-red ; least wing-coverts like the back, the rest of the wing-
coverts and the quills blackish brown, edged with duU reddish
brown, the primaries with whity brown near the tips ; centre tail-
feathers brown, washed with lighter brown ; the rest of the tail-
feathers blackish, tipped with pale reddish like the centre ones ;
head duUer and more olivaceous brown than the back, contrasting
with it, the feathers mesially streaked with blackish ; lores ashy
whitish ; feathers in front of and behind the eye dusky brown ;
above the eye a faint indication of a rufous eyebrow ; ear-coverts
light rufous, mottled with brown streaks and whitish shaft-lines ;
the plumes below the eye whitish ; under surface of body chestnut,
the chin and fore part of cheeks white, forming a moustache ; under
wing-coverts light chestnut ; quills ashy brown below, edged with
light rufous on the inner web. Total length 8-8 inches, culmen 0-9,
wing 4-25, tail 3-5, tarsus 1'2.

Hab. Mauritius.

a. S ad. sk. Mauritius, Nov. 1860. E. Newton, Esq. [P.].

b,c. (S 2 ad.sk. M&unthis (Beuslier). R. B. Shai-pe,Esq.[P.].

13. Lalage newtoni,

Oxynotus fen-ugiueus, Pollen, Bull. Soc. d'Acclim. Reunion, iii. p. 7,

pi. 1 (18G5, ncc Freycin.); Ven: in Vins. Note sur Vile Reunion,

p. IGl'.
Oxvnotus newtoni, Pollen, Ibis, 1866, p. 278, pi. 8 ; Schl. P. Z. S.

1866, p. 423 ; Sclil. ^- Pollen, Faun. Madug. p. 84 ; Hartl. Vog.

Madag. 1877, p. 84.
Campepiiaga newtoni, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 340, no. 5132.

Adult male. General colour above ashy grey, the crown streaked
with dusky shaft-lines to the feathers, the rump and upper tail-
coverts a little lighter grey than the back ; wings black, contrasting
-with the back, the least coverts edged with dull grey, the median
and greater series with obscure and almost obsolete margins of grey ;
quiUs narrowly margined with hoary white, the inner secondaries
slightly tipped with the same : taU-feathers black, tipped with white,
which increases in extent towards the outermost, which have very
broad white ends ; a spot in front of the eye dusky blackish ; eyelid
hoary grey ; car-coverts and sides of face dull ashy grey, spotted
with white below the eye ; chin and upper throat greyish white ;
rest of under surface light ashy grey, white on the centre of the
body and under tail-coverts ; thighs light ashy ; under wing-coverts
and axillaries white, the latter slightly shaded with grey ; quUls
blackish below, white towards the base of the inner webs ; soft parts
as in female (Pollen 4' f'^'i Dam). Total length 7 inches, culmen
0-7, wing 3-9, tail 3-3, tarsus 1.

Adult female. Different from the male. Above rusty brown,
rather more ashy on the head ; least wing-coverts like the back ;

9. LALAGE. 103

median and greater coverts dark brown, edged with the same rusty
brown as the back ; bastard phimes and primar3--coverts blackish
brown ; quills dark brown, the primaries margined with whity
brown, the secondaries with rusty brown, the innermost entirely of
the latter colour and resembling the back ; tail-feathers black, the
two centre ones browner, all tipped with white, increasing in extent
towards the outermost feathers, which are rather broadly tipped ;
feathers in front of the eye hoary grey ; sides of face greyish white,
the feathers edged with dull ashy, producing a mottled appearance ;
throat and under surface ashy white, the chest and flanks washed
with fulvous, the whole under surface narrowly barred with dull
blackish cross lines ; under tail-coverts white ; mider wing-coverts
white, with narrow cross bars like the breast ; quills dull brown
below, white towards the base of the inner web ; " bill and feet
bluish; iris brown " (Po/fcji ^- Van Dam). Total length 7"7 inches,
culmen 0-65, wing 3-9, tail 3'3, tarsus 1.
Hah. Island of Reunion.

a. 2 ad., b. $ juv. sk. Reunion. E. B. Shai-pe, Esq. [P.].

c, d. c? 2 ad. sk. Reunion, Jan. 4, MM. Pollen and Van Dam

1865. [C.].

«>/• d" $ ad. sk. Reunion. M. Van Dam [P.],

14. Lalage insperata.

Volvocivora insperata, Finsiii, 1\ Z. S. 187o, p. G4.3 ; id. Journ. Miis.
Godeffr. Heft xii. p. 27 ; id. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 779.

Adult male. General colour above rufous-brown, the rump and
upper tail- coverts dull chestnut, contrasting with the back ; head
rather duller than the mantle ; scapular and lesser wing-coverts a
little more nifous than the back, the median and greater series ashy,
externally rufous, and edged with a narrow margin of darker rufous ;
quills blackish brown, externally margined with nifous, paler at the
tips ; two centre tail-feathers rusty bi'own, the remainder dark brown
with pale rufous tijjs, broader on the outer ones, which are also ru-
fescent along the outer web ; feathers in front of the eye dull ashy ;
sides of face and ear-coverts chestnut with fulvous shaft-lines : sides
of neck and entire under surface of body deep chestnut-red, inclu-
ding the under wing-coverts and axillaries ; inner edges of quills below
pale chestnut. Total length 8-5 inches, culmen 0-75, wing 4-15,
tail 3-4, tarsus 1'05.

Hab. Island of Ponape.

fl. Ad. sk. Ponap^ (Br. Kubary). Museum Godeffroy.

15. Lalage fimbriata.

Ceblepyris fimbriata, Temm. PL Col. iii. pis. 249, 250; Schl. Handl.

Dierk. i. p. 289 (pt.).
Volvocivora fimbriata, Cah. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 61 ; Bp. Consp i

p. 356 (pt.) : Hartl. J. f. 0. 1865, p. 161 {e.rcl. .ryn^).
Canipephaga fimbriata, Gray, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 354 ; id. Hand-1. B i.

p. 338, no. 5104.

104 CAMPOPHAGIDiE.

Volvocivora vidua, Ilartl. J. f. O. 1865, p. 163 (type examined).
Campephaga vidua, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 388, no. 5110.

Adult male. General colour above dark slaty grey, blacker on the
bead and sides of face, which have also a slight gloss ; wings black,
with glossy black margins to the feathers, the least wing-coverts
edged with slaty grey like the back ; tail black, the two outer feathers
with greyish-white spots at the tip, the third feather scarcely per-
ceptibly tipped with white ; entire under surface of body slaty grey,
darker and blacker on the throat and fore neck ; under wing-coverts
dark slaty grey ; quiUs ashy, blackish below. Total length 8-5 inches,
culmen 0'65, wing 4, tail 3"6, tarsus 0-75.

Adult female. Similar to the female of L. culminata described
below, but a little larger. Wing 3-8 inches, tail 3-2, tarsus 0*75.

Hah. Java.

a. cJ ad. sk. E. Java. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

b. Ad. sk. Java. J. Inskipp, Esq. [P.].
e. Ad. sk. Java. E. Wilson, Esq. [P.].
d, e. Ad. sk. [Celebes.] Purchased.

Subsp. a. Lalage culminata.

Ceblepyris culminatus, A. Hay, Madr. Juurn. xiii. p. 157 ; Blyfh,

J. A. S. B. XV. p. 307.
Ceblepyris fimbriata (pt.), S. Midi. Natuurl. Geschied. Land- en

Volkenk. p. 190.
Volvocivora fimbriata (7iec Temm.), Sclater, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 218 ;

Hartl. J.f. O. 1805, p. 161 (pt.).
Volvocivora schierbrandii, Pelz.Bets. Novara, Vog. pp. 80, 161, Taf. 2.

fig. 1 ; Hartl. J.f. O. 1866, p. 161 ; Salrad. TJcc. Born. p. 148.
Volvocivora borneensis, Salrad. Atti R. Ace. Torino, iii. p. 532.
Campephaga schierbrandii, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 338, no. 5108.
Campephaga borneensis, Gray, Hand-l. B. iii. p. 194, sp. 5104ef.
Volvocivora culminata, Tweedd. Ihis, 1877, p. 312 ; Hume, Stray F.

1877, p. 495.

Adult male. Similar to L. Jimhrkita, but smaller and a little
lighter slaty grey. Total length 6-5 inches, culmen 0-65, wing 3-8,
tail 2-7, tarsus 0-8.

Adult female. General colour above light grey, slightly darker on
the head, the rump and upper tail-coverts paler and with hoary white
edgings to the feathers ; least wing-coverts grey like the back, the
median and greater scries ashy brown, margined with grey ; quills
brown, washed with grey on the outer web, the primaries edged with
whitish towards the tips of their outer webs ; tail blackish tipped
with white, more largely on the inner web of the outer feathers,
which are more or less mottled with brown cross lines, the outer
feather white on the outer web, middle feathers washed with grey ;
under surface of body greyish white, barred across with narrow bars
of dusky black ; the under tail-coverts white with the cross bars wider
apart ; breast shaded with grey, the cross bars indistinct and
coalescing ; under wing-coverts like the breast ; lores dusky white ;

lC.j

0.

c.

G.

9. LALAGE. 105

round the eye a ring of hoary white feathers ; ear -coverts slate-
colour with distinct white shaft-lines ; cheeks white, barred like the
throat ; quills ashy below, lighter along the edge of the inner
web. Total length 7'7 inches, wing 3'8, tail 3'3, tarsus 0-75.

Young birds resemble the old female, but have generallj- remains
of mottling on the upper surface, the feathers having a white tip,
preceded by a subtcrminal line of black ; all the quills are tipped with
white, the inner secondaries having a subtcrminal second mark of
white. A specimen marked V. meJanoptera, Bp., from " Pulo-
Pinang," seems identical, but has the dark under tail-coverts whitish
towards the tips of these feathers.

Hah. Malacca, Sumatra, Eorneo.

o,^- c? ? ad. sk. Kessang, Malacca. M. Bouvier.

c. 5 ad. sk. Malacca. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

d. S ad. sk. Pulo-Pinang. Pm-chased.
e,f. cJ .jnv. sk. Sumatra. A. R. Wallace, Esq.
i/. 2 «d. sk. Sarawak, Borneo. A. R. Wallace, Esq.
h, i. ^ ad. ; k. Juv. sk. Sarawak. Henry Everett, Esq.
/. S ad. sk. Tagora, Sarawak. Heniy Everett, Esq
m, n. S 2 ad. sk. N.W. Borneo. Hugh Low, Esq. [C
o,p. c? $ ad.; q. Juv. sk. Lumbidan. Governor Ussher [C

16. Lalage monacha.

Campephaga monacha, Hartl S,- Fitisch, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 99.
Volvocivora monacha, Finsch, Journ. 3Ius. Godcffr. Heft viii. Taf. 3.
figs. 2 & 3.

Adult male. General colour above dark bluish slate-colour, the
least wing-coverts like the back ; median coverts black, broadly
edged with grey like the back ; greater coverts black edged with
grey, inclining to hoary grey on the extreme margin ; bastard
plumes and primary-coverts black ; quills black, with narrow hoary
grey margins ; two centre tail-feathers ashy grey, tipped with lighter
grey, before which there is an extensive subterminal mark of black;
remainder of the tail-feathers black, tipped with ashy grey ; nasal
plumes, feathers in front of the eye, and sides of face black, the ear-
coverts slightly shaded with grey ; throat blackish, gradually shading
off into the slaty-grey colour of the rest of the under surface ; under
wing-coverts like the breast ; quills dusky below, the inner webs
conspicuously white towards the base. Total length 7'3 inches, cul-
men 0-7, wing 3-85, tail 2-8, tarsus 0-9.

Adult female. General colour above brown, with ashy margins
to the feathers of the head ; rump and upper tail-coverts rusty buff,
barred with blackish ; wing-coverts edged with rufous or rufous-buff,
the quills also with rufous margins ; centre tail-feathers fulvous
brown, the other feathers dark brown, tipped with reddish buff, more
broadly towards the outermost feather, which is also rufous along
the outer web ; lores and feathers at base of forehead duU white ;
above the eye a faintly indicated rufous eyebrow ; round the eye a
ring of rufous-bufif feathers ; feathers in front of the eye and upper

VOL. IV. I

106 CAMPOPHAGID^.

margin of car-coverts dull brown ; checks, ear-coverts, and sides of
face nifoiis-lniff , the ear-coverts edged -with dusky, causing a streaked
appearance ; throat ochraceous but?, a little deeper on the rest of the
under surface, which is barred across with dark brown, rather more
zigzag in shape on the chest ; under wing-coverts, axillaries, and
under tail-coverts deep ochraceous buff : qniUs dull brown below, pale
rufous along the inner web. Total length 7'-l inches, culmcn 0"7,
wing 3-75, tail 3, tarsus 0-9.

Young. Eesembles the old female, but differs in the whitish tips
and edgings to the feathers of the upper surface, and the deeper
rufous margins to the quills ; below, the under surface is longitu-
dinally streaked with brown.

Ohs. This species has the plumage of an Edolnsoma in both sexes,
but nevertheless seems to have the structure of a Lalage,

Hah. Pelew Islands.

a. tS ad. sk. Pelew Islands Museum Godeffi-oy.

(Dr. Kiihary).

b. 5 ad.; c. 5jav.sk. Pelew Islands. Museum Godeflfroy.

17. Lalage leucomelaena.

Campephaga leucomela, Tig. S\- Jlorsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 215 ;

Gould, B. Ausfr. folio, ii. pi. 62 ; Grag, Gen. B. i. p. 283 ; Reichenh.

Vog. KeuJwIl. p. 2.30 ; Eamsag, Ihis, 1865, p. 84 ; Gould, Handb. B.

Austr. i. p. 203; Gray, Hand-/. B. i. p. 339, no. 5115; Ramsay,

Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. pt. 1, p. 181.
Lanius karu, Less, et Gam. Vog. Cogmlle, Ois. p. 633, pi. 12.;
Ceblepyris kaiai, iid. torn. cit. i. p. 633.
Notodela karu, Ljess. Traite, p. 374.
Ceblepyris leucomela, Rilpp. Mtis. Senclienb. iii. p. 26.
Campephaga karu, Goidd, B. Austr. ii. pi. 61 (iiec Less.) ; Reichenb.

Tog. Neuholl. p. 2.30 ; Bp. C'onsp. i. p. 55 ; Grag, Cat. B. Trop. Lsl.

Pacijic Ocean, p. 23 ; Finsch, Km-Guinea, p. 172 ; Gmdd, Ilandb.

B. Austr. i. p. 202 ; Ramsag, Ibis, 1865, p. 84; Grag, Hand-l. B.
, i. p. 339.
Echenilleur a ventre roux, Hombr. et Jacq. Vog. Pole Sud, Atlas, pi. ii.

fig. i.
Campephaga nifiventris, Grag, Gen. B. i. p. 283 ; id. Hand-l. B. i.

p. 339, no. 6117 ; Ramsag, Pr. Linn. Soc. i\". S. W. ii. pt. 1,

p. 181.
Lalage leucomela, Bp. Consp. i. p. 355 ; id. C. R. xxxviii. p. 541 ;

Hartl. J. f.O. 1865, -p. im.
Ceblepyris nifiventris, Jacq. et Pitcher. Vog. Pole Sud, Zool. iii. Ois.

p. 71 ; Hartl. J. f. O. 1854, p. 163.
Lalage karu, Bp. C. R. xxx^iii. p. 541 ; Ha7-tl. J.f. O. 1865, p. 168;

Sclater, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 101 ; Masters, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. i.

p. 48 ; Sah-ad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. ix. p. 28; id. P. Z. S. 1878,

p. 87 ; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 499 ; Ramsag, Pr. Linn.

Soc. N. S. W. ii. pt. 2, p. 181.
Lalage rufiventris, Bp. C. R. xxxviii. p. 541; Llartl. J.f. O. 1865,

p. 167.
Campephaga polygrammica, Grag, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 179; id. Cat. B.

Ne^v Guinea, p. 32; Rosenb. J.f. O. 1864, p. 121; Finsch, Nefii-

Gtiinca, p. 172.

9. LALAGE. 107

Lalage polvgrammica, Gray, T. Z. S. 1858, p. 193 ; JIarll. J. f. O.

1865, p. 108 ; Pelz. Vcrh'z.-b. Wien, 1872, p. 429.
Campephaga (Lalage) polvgrammica, Gray, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 435.

Adult male. General coloiir above glossy greenLsh black, rather
more steel-blaek on the head ; least wing-coverts greenish black like
the back, the median series white with black bases, the greater series
black with white tips ; qnills black, the primaries very narrowly
edged with white, much broader on the outer edge of the secondaries ;
rump grey, with subterminal black spots to the feathers ; upper tail-
coverts grey, narrowly tipped with white ; tail black, the outer
feathers broadly tipped with white, decreasing in extent towards
the centre of the tail ; a broad eyebrow rvmning from the base of
the nostrils above the ear-coverts ; a broad streak of black run-
ning through the eye ; cheeks, ear-coverts, and eyelid white, the
upper edge of the ear-coverts black ; under surface of body white
with a slight greyish shade ; thighs grey ; vent and under tail-
coverts orange-buff or deep fawn-coloirr ; under wing-coverts and
lining of quills white : " bill black ; feet blackish grey externally,
bluish grey internnlly, light mcalj' ashy grey between the scales and
inside the feet; iris dark brown " {Gould). Total length 7"8 inches,
culmen 0-G, wing 3-9, tail 3-35, tarsus 0-8.

Adult female. Dark ashy brown instead of greenish black, the
rump and upper tail-coverts greyer, with hoary margins to the
feathers ; greater coverts brown with white tips more or less mottled
with brown, the greater series broadly edged with white like the
secondaries, the primaries being more narrowly margined ; primary-
coverts conspicuously tipped with white ; eyebrow as in male, but
mottled, with greyish tips to the feathers ; streak through the eye
as in male, but duller ; ear-coverts as well as upper and lower mar-
gin of ej'clid silvery white ; under surface of bodj' fawn-buff, lighter
on the throat, deepening into orange-buff on the vent and imder tail-
coverts : thighs grey ; under surface crossed with wavj' lines of dusky
blackish, vanishing on the throat and absent on the lower abdomen,
vent, and under tail-coverts, which arc more richly coloured ; under
wing-coverts white, washed with fawn-colour. Total length 7*o
inches, wing 4-8, tail 3-2, tarsus 0"9.

Young. Browner than the foregoing description, the rump and
upper tail-coverts strongly washed with ochraceous, as also the least
wiug-coverts : underneath paler buff than in the female, with the
bars more broken up.

Hah. Australia, New Ireland, South-eastern Hew Guinea, Aru
Islands.

Australia. Linnean Society [P.].

Australia. J. Gould, Esq. [P.].

Rockingham Bay Capt. Stanley [P.].

{J. Macqillivray').

Dunk Island Capt. Stanley [P.].

(J. Macf/illivrai/).

Port I'^siiigton. Capt. Chambers fP.].

2 ad. sk. Ai-ii Islands. A. R. ^YalIace, Esq. [C.].

i2

a.

Juv.

sk.

b.

(J ad.

St.

c.

d ad.

sk.

d.

? ad.

sk.

e.

Juv. s

ik.

f. d ad.

■,9,

h.

108 CAJIPOPnAGID^E.

18. Lalage aurea.

CeblepjTis aureus, Temm. PL Col. ii. pi. 382. fig. 2 ; <S^. Miill Nat.

Versch. Land- en Volkenk. p. 190 ; Riipp. Mus. Senck. iii. p. 24 ;

Jacq. et Fucker. Voy. Pule Slid, iii. Ois. p. 71; Hartl. J, f. 0. 1854,
, p. 103.
Eclienilleur oranga, Somhr. et Jacq. Voij. Pule Sud, Atlas, pi. 10.

fig. 3.
Campepliaga aurea, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283; id. Sand-l. B, i. p. 339.
Lalage aurea, Bp. Cunsp. i. p. 355 ; id. C. B. xxxviii. p. 541 ; Hartl.

J. f. O. 18U5, p. 108; Fmsch, Keii-Guinea, p. 172; J. f. O.

18(J6, p. 12 ; Walden, Tr. Z. S. viii. p. 70.
Campephaga (Lalage) aurea, Gi-ay, P. Z. S. 18G0, p. 353.

Adult male. General colour above glossy blue-black, witb a few
of the lower rump-feathers uarrowlj' edged with white (perhaps the
remains of young plumage) ; least wiug-coverts like the back, the
median series white, forming a bar across the wing ; greater series
black, white for the terminal half, forming a second wing-bar ;
primary-coverts and quills black, white along their inner webs, the
secondaries broadly margined with white externallj% forming a
long-itudiual wing-bar ; tail black, the two outer feathers conspicu-
ously tipped with white ; over the eye a narrow streak of white,
round the eye a ring of white feathers ; feathers at base of bill, in
front of and behind the eye, blue-black like the crown ; ear-coverts
white, black on their upper margin, the white extending a little
way down the sides of the neck ; chin and cheeks also white ; rest
of under surface of body chestnut, paler on the throat ; thighs black,
with white tips to the feathers ; on the lower flanks a tuft of silky
white feathers hanging over from the lower back ; under wing-
coverts pure white, as also the inner lining of the quills. Total
leng-th 8 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 3-9, tail ;3-4, tarsus 0-8.

Adult female. DifPers from the male in being slaty grey with a
gloss of blue-black, tlie feathers of the crown with blackish centres ;
M'ings and tail as m the male, but the white tip to the penultimate
tail-feather very indistinct; white eyebrow very narrow; cheeks
and ear-coverts mottled, white with dusky grey margins : under
surface as in male, but the white chin-spot indistinct. Total length
7'5 inches, wing 3-7, tail 3-15, tarsus 0-75.

Young male. Similar to adult female, but with white cheeks as in
old male ; eyebrow continued to base of bill, and tinged with rusty ;
feathers of rump and ujjper tail-coverts edged with rust-colour, as
also many of the feathers of the upper surface ; primary-coverts
tipped with white ; feathers of the breast with mesial spots of dark
brown ;- chin rufous, like the rest of the under surface. (Mus. Civic.
Genov.)

Hah. Molucca Islands : Batchian, Gilolo, Ternate, Morty Island.

«, &. c? 2 ad. sk. Temate. A. R. Wallace, Esq. rC.l.

c, d. J 5 ad. sk. Batchian. A. E. "Wallace, Esq. [0.].

e. S juv. sk. Batchian. A. E.AVallace, Esq. [C.J.

10. sTMMORrnus. 109

10. SYMMORPHUS. ^r

Type.

Sjmmorplius, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 14o S. leucopygius.

Range. Norfolk Island ; New Caledonia ; New Hebrides group.

Key to the S])ecies.

a. Greenish black ; rump ochraceous buff; upper taH-

coverts gi-ey leucopyytus, p. 109.

b, Bro^vu ; rump ashy buff; upper tail-coverts brown nctvius, p. 110.

1. Symmorplms leucopygius.

Svmmorphus leucopvfrius, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 145 ; Grai/, Ibis,

*18(j2, p. 2-2i}; Marti. J.f. 0. 1805, p. 170.
Campephaga leucopygia, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 283 ; id. Hand-l. B. i.

p. 389, no. 5130.
Campephaga longicaudata, Pelz. Sitz. Akad. Wien, xli. p. 321 ; Gray,

Ibis, 1802, p. 226.

Adult male. General colonr above glossy greenish black, the plu-
mage soft and fluffy ; rump fawn-buff : upper tail-coverts dark grey ;
tail black, the feathers tipped with white, increasing in extent to-
wards the outer ones, the last one being black for the basal, and
white for the terminal half ; least and median wing-coverts pure
white ; greater series black, with white edgings and tips, the inner
ones white externally, black on the inner web ; primarj'-coverts and
quills black, the primaries narrowly edged with white, the secon-
daries more broadly : lores black, mottled with a few white feathers ;
lower margin of the eyelid white ; cheeks and ear-coverts yellowish
white, extending backwards and occupying the entire sides of the
neck ; entire under surface of body light ochraceous buff, the throat
white ; under wing-coverts and base of inner web of quiUs white,
slightly washed with ochraceous buff ; " iris black " (Brenchlei/).
Total length 7-2 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3-6, tail 3-5, tarsus 1.

Ad^llt female. Browner than the male, the head with blackish
centres to the feathers ; upper tail-coverts with sandy margins ;
wing-coverts washed with sandy buff, some of them edged with
brown ; secondaries with sandy margins ; lores whitish, but not
forming an eyebrow ; under surface of body as in the male, but
with a few remains of zigzag cross markings on the sides of the
breast. Total length 7-2 inches, wing 3-4, tail 3-35, tarsus 0-95.

Hab. Norfolk Island.

a. S ad. St. Norfolk Island. Dr. Rayner* [C.].

b. 5 ad. sk. Norfolk Island. Dr. Ilayner [C.].

c. d ad. sk. Norfolk Island, June 1805. J. Brenchley, Esq. [P.].

Voyage of the ' Herald.'

IIO CAMP0PHAGIDJ5.

2. Symmorphus nsevius.

Muscicapa nsevia, ForMer, Icon. ined. MS. pi. 159.
NiBvous Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Si/n. ii. p. .j43 (f.c For.fter).
Muscicapa "iifevia, Gm. S. N. i. p. 944 (e.v Lath.) ; Forster, Descr.

Anim. p. 2G9; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. '263.
Campephaga use via, Grai/, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 16.3 ; id. Cat. B. Trop.

Isl. Pacijic Ocean, p. 2-2 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 339, no. 5122.
Lalage montrosieri, Verr. Rev. et May. de Zool. 1860, p. 431 ; Hartl.

J.f. O. 1805, p. 165.
Lalage iic-evia, Ilaifl. J.f. O. 1865, p. 169 ; Trisir. Ibis, 1876, p. 263.
Gampepliaga montrosieri, Gray, Hand-l. ^. i. p. 339.

Adult male. General colour above dark earthy brown, the feathers
of the head with black centres ; across the rump a band of ashy
grey feathers, edged with fulvous ; upper tail-coverts brown, like
the rest of the back ; scapulars brown, as also the least wing-
coverts ; median wing-coverts sandy buff, with more or less broad
central markings of brown ; greater wing-coverts and quills brown,
edged with sandy buff externally, these margins very narrow on the
primaries ; primary-coverts entirely brown ; tail blackish, the four
outer tail-feathers tipped with white, broader on the outermost, the
centre tail-feathers browner and not tipped with white ; a line of
white feathers from the base of the nostrils to above the fore part
of the eye ; in front of the eye a blackish spot ; eyelid above
and below bufiy white, brown before and behind ; sides of face, ear-
coverts, and sides of neck, as well as entire under surface, white, the
breast with a yellowish tinge ; under wing-coverts and quill-linings
white ; thighs white with blackish bases ; bill black ; " iris black "
(Brenchlei/), Total length 6-6 inches, culmen 0'65, wiug 3*4, tail
3'25, tarsus 0"95.

Young. Mottled on the upper surface, with white tips to many of
the feathers ; rump more fulvescent, wath dusky cross bars ; under-
neath more ochraceous, but without dusky cross bars.

Hah. New Caledonia and New Hebrides.

a. S ad. sk. Port de France, N. C, Oct. 1865. J. Brencliley, Esq. [P.].

h. Jun. sk. Nu, Port de France. Purchased.

c. (5 ad. sk. New Caledonia. M. Verreaux.

«j!. (5 jun. sk. Aneiteum, New Hebrides. Purchased.

MUSCICAriDJB. Ill

Family MUSCICAPIDiE.

Passerine birds of very varied form, and embracing witbin tlieir
limits a large number of genera. The affinities of the family lie in
several directions, but they connect the Wood-Shrikes with the
Thrushes by means of a gradual succession of genera, so that, as a
family, the characters of definition are most obscure. Some of the
genera evince a great likeness to the Tiraeliidae, such as Lioptilus ;
to the Prionopida3, as in the case of Cassinia ; and especially to the
Warblers, as in the case of Ch-ijptohplm and Gerijgone. The most
perfectly developed Flycatchers are probably the Paradise Flycatchers
{Terpsiphone), the FantaUs {Rhipidum), and the broad-billed
Mylagt-ce and the allied genera. From these birds, with their broad,
flattened bills and ample bristles, there are gradations on all sides
towards the families mentioned above ; and the series is in some
instances so complete, that it is difficult to draw an exact line of
distinction, so that some of the outl3-ing genera might almost be in-
cluded in the TimeUince or in the Syhniiue.

Key to the Genera.

a. Wings long, falling short of the tail by not
more than the length of the tarsus ; i. e.
the distance between the wings and the
tip of the tail not exceeding the tarsus
in length ; the wing longer than the tail.
a'. Bill moderately broad : when measured
across the nostrils equal to the hind toe
without claw.
a". Wing much pointed, the distance be-
tween the tips of the primaries and
the secondaries equal to or greater
than the culmen.
a'". Bill flattened, the sides bowed from
the base and gradually bending
inwards towards the tip; length
of gonys not equal to that of the

hind toe without the claw 1. HEmCHELiDOX, p. 120.

h'". Bill rather stout and slightly
arched, the outline of the sides of
the bill nearly straight and only
slightly inclining inwards towards
the tip.
o'. Winers extremely long, falling
sluat of tail by about the length

of the culmen 2. Micrceca, p. 122.

¥. Wings rather shorter, the dis-
tance between the tips of the
primaries and the end of the

112

MXJSCICAl'IDiE.

tail more than the length of the

ciiliuen 3. Axseonax, p. 126.

h". AVing rounded, the distance between

the tips of the primaries and the

secondaries not so great as the

length of the culmen.

c'" . Wing not double the length of the

tail ; no eye-wattle 4. Batis, p. 133.

d'". Wing more than double the length
of the tail, which is very short ;

round the eye a fleshy wattle . ... 5. Diaphohophyia, p.l40.
b'. Bill extremely broad; when measured
across the nostrils exceeding the length
of the hind toe without claw ; wings
very long, falling short of the tail by
less than the length of the culmen . . 6. Bias, p. 142.
c'. Bill much narrower, when measm-ed
across the nostrils much less than the
length of the hind toe without claw.
c". BiD tolerably broadened, measured at
gape equal to or exceeding the

length of the culmen 7. Automyias, p. 144.

d". Bill moderately broadened, the
breadth of it at gape less than the
length of the culmen.
e'". Tarsus of varying proportions, but
never twice the length of the cul-
men.
c*. Whigs moderately long, but fall-
ing short of the tail by more
than the length of the culmen.
«'. Second primary shorter than
the secondaries, the latter
nearly equalling the prima-
ries in length.
a^. An erect fleshy wattle above

the eye 8. Platystira, p. 145.

¥. Without an eye-wattle .... 9. Newtonia, p. 148.
h'\ Second primary longer than
the secondaries, and some-
times approaching the third
in length,
c". Wing pointed and long, but
not reaching as near the
tip of the tail as the length
of the culmen ; bill toler-
ably long, the culmen more
than twice the width of
the bill at gape; bristles

scanty 10. Muscicapa, p. 149.

e?". Wing very much longer, the
distance between the tips
of the primaries and the
tip of the tail not so great
as the length of the tarsus ;
the culmen not exceeding
twice the width of the bill

MUSCICAPID^.

113

Peatixcola, p. 173.

[p. 199.
Erythiwmyias,

at gape ; first primary much
longer tlian the primary-
coverts.
a'. Under tail-coverts short,
falling short of the tail
by more than the length
of tlie tarsus.
a^ Bill slender, about equal
in height and breadth

at the nostrils 11. Petrceca, p. 164.

b^. Bill stouter, broader at

the nostrils than it is

high.

a*. Second primary very

long, longer than

the secondaries, the

first primary not

half the length of

the second 12.

i^ Second primary mo-
derately long; the
first primary more
than half the length

of the second 13

v. Under tail-coverts long,

falling short of the tail

by less than the length

of the tarsus.

e*. Bill rather broad, with

weU-detined culmen,

broader at the nostrils

than it is high.

c". Bill shorter, the cul-

men not exceeding

the inner toe and

claw in length ....

d^. Bin stouter and

broader, the culmen

far exceeding the

inner toe and claw

in length 15.

d^. Bill much slighter and
more slender, about
equal in breadth and
height at nostrils.
e^ Culmen less than the
hind toe and claw,
the bill itself ex-
tremely small .... 16.
f^. Culmen exceeding in
length the hind toe

and claw 17.

c'. Second primary about equal
to the secondaries.
c°. Feet not very strong, the
tarsus not dtuible the length
of the outer toe and claw.

14. POLIOMYIAS, p. 201.

MuSCICAPtTLA, p. 203.

SMICEOE>fIS, p. 209.

Gerygone, p. 211.

114 MrsciC-vriD^.

c'. Nostrils linear and shut in

by a membrane ; bristles [p. 215.

scanty 18. Pseudogerygone,

cf. Nostrils rounded and ex-
posed.
e'. Bill bowed at the sides,
bending inwards to-
wards the tip ; bristles
plentiful, and reaching
beyond the middle of

the bill 19. Chasiempis, p. 231.

f^. Bill nearly straight
along the outer edge ;
bristles scanty, and not
reaching to the middle

of the bill 20. Muscylva, p. 233.

^. Feet very large, the tarsus
more than double the outer
toe and claw ; bill slender ;
bristles numerous but
slight, and not reaching
beyond the middle of the

bill 21. MiBO, p. 234.

d^. Wings very long, falling short of

the "tail by not more than the

length of the culmen.

d^. Bill higher than it is broad at

the nostrils.

g*^. Wings reaching to the tip

of the tail 22. Lanioturdus, p. 237.

h^. Wings long, falling short of

the tail by about as much

as tlie length of the hind

toe and claw.

e'. Feet rather small, the

middle toe and claw not

exceeding the hind toe

and claw 23. Metaboltjs, p. 238.

p. Feet larger, the middle
toe and claw longer than

the hind toe and claw . . 24. Heteromyias, p. 2-39.
c'. Bill broader than it is high at
the nostrils.
i^. Tarsus shortened, not so long

as the middle toe and claw 25. Monachella, p. 240.
k^. Tarsus long, equal to or ex-
ceeding the length of the
middle toe and claw.
g'. Second primary shorter,
only a little longer than
the secondaries, and not
exceeding them by as
much as the length of
the hind toe without

claw 26. PcECiLODRY.J S; p. 240.

/*". Second primary very long,
almost as long as the

MtJSCICAPID^. 115

tliii'd, and exceeding the

length of the secondaries

by as much as the length

of the hind toe.

(f^. Bill long- and thin, the

length of the culnien

equal to threa times

the breadth of the bill

at the nostrils 27. Hyliota, p. 247.

l?. Bill broad, the euluien
equal to only twice the
breadth of the biU at

nostrils 28. Xanthopygia, p. 249.

f". Tarsus extremely powerful, more
than twice the length of the

ciilmen 29. Tarsigeb, p. 254.

h. Wings shorter, falling- short of the tail by
more than the length of the tarsus.
iV. Wings about equal to the tail in length,
e". Second primary longer than the
secondaries ; bill moderately broad,
measuring at the forehead not nearly
as much as the inner toe without
its cla'u*.
g"'. Ileivi crested ; bill stout and
brodder than it is high at the
base of the forehead ; rictal bris-
tles insignificant, and not reach-
ing beyond the anterior edge of

the uos'tril 30. Lioptilus, p. 262.

h'" . Head not crested; bill thin iind
long, nearly straight, and only
slightly decurved at the tip ; rictal
bristles strongly developed and
springing from both mandibles,
far extending beyond the anterior
edge of the nostrils ; bill rather
broadened, wider at base of fore-
head than it is high,
e*. Nostrils rounded, in a groove,

with no superior membrane. . . 31. Oreicola, p. 263.
f^. Nostiils linear, in a groove, and

shut in by a membrane 32. Stexostira, p. 267.

i". Head not crested ; bill stouter,
with strongly curved gonys and
culmen; rictal bristles insignifi-
cant, and not extending beyond
the anterior edge of the nostril;
bill rather compressed, about equal
in height and breadth at the base

of the forehead 33. Parisoma, p. 268.

/". Second primary about equal to the
secondaries ; bill narrow, with nu-
merous and strong bristles reaching
for two thirds of the length of the

bill 34. Aethomtias, p. 271.

y" . Second primary equal to the secon-

116 MTJSCICAPID^.

daries in length; bill very broad,
measuring at the forehead as much
as tlie inner toe without its claw ;
the bristles extending a httle over
half its length ; feet very stout, the
wing not three times the length of

the tarsus 35. Chlobopeta, p. 272.

A". Second primary not as long as the

secondaries; bill very broad, and

measuring at the forehead as much

as the inner toe without its claw.

li"'. Bill stout, curved and very plainly

notched, the upper mandible armed

with a few strong black rictal

bristles, the lower mandible with

scarcely any bristles at all.

g^. Head with sc;ile-like velvety

plumes ; no tufts of feathers on

the sides of the head 36. Hypothymis, p. 273.

A*. Head with a. long tuft of feathers
springing from each side of the

occiput 37. Cyanomyias, p. 278.

V". Bill very weak, strongly hooked
at the tip ; bristles numerous and
hiding the nostrils, springing in
equal profusion from the lower
mandible as well as the upper ; [p. 279.

feet very weak 38. Chelidorhynx,

i'\ Second primary not as long as the
secondaries; bill long, distinctly
notched, moderately broad, but not
measuring at the forehead nearly as
much as the inner toe without its
claw.
wi'". Bill rather narrow and long, mea-
suring across the nostrils less than
the hind claw ; bristles not reach-
ing to half the length of bill .... 39. Todopsis, p. 280.
n". Bill long but broad, measuring
across the nostrils as much as hind
claw ; bristles reaching to more [p. 284.

than half the bill 40. Chenobhamphus,

c'. With the tail longer than the wing.
A". Tail graduated, the two centre feathers
not exceeding the next one by as
much as the length of the culmen.
o'". Tarsus longer than the culmen.
i^. Wing rounded, the distance be-
tween the tips of the primaries
and the tips of the secondaries
less than the culmen.
y. Tail strongly graduated, so
that the distance between the
outer and the middle feathers
is equal to the tarsus.
f. Bill very broad, long, and

I

\

I

MUSCICAriDJ. 117

flat, broader than it is high,

flatter than in Todopsis . . 41. Clytomyias, p. 285.
»«". Bill stouter, about equal in

height and breadth 42. Malubus, p. 285.

(/'. Tail rounded, the distance be-
tween the outer and middle
feathers not so great as the
length of the tarsus; bill
weak ; bristles very numer-
ous, and reaching to the end [p. 298.

of the bill 43. Erythkocercus,

7c*. Wing tolerably pointed, the dis-
tance between the tips of the
primaries and those of the secon-
daries equal to or greater than
the culmen.
h\ With a large crest of elongated [p. 299,

plumes 44. Trochocercus,

v\ With no elongated crest, the

plumage of the head full. . . . 45. Rhipidura, p. 303.
p'". Tarsus shortened, not so long as
the culmen.
I*. With no wattle round the eye;

feathers of head ordinary .... 46. Neomyias, p. 342.
7)1*. With a wattle round the eye ;
plumes of head velvety and

scale-like , 47. Zeocephus, p. 342.

I". Tail with elongated centre tail-fea-
thers, these exceeding the next ones
by more than the length of the
culmen.
q'". Bill very large and broad, longer
than the tarsus ; biistles scanty
but very strong, not reaching be-
yond the half of the bill 48. Terpsiphone, p. 344.

r'". Bill very weak and small, shorter
than the tarsus ; bristles very full
and numerous, reaching nearly to

the end of the bill 49. Elmikia, p. 363.

f. With the wing longer than the tail.
m". Second primary shorter than th©
secondaries, the third equal to the
latter; wing rounded, the distance
between the primaries and the secon-
daries not so great as the culmen . . 50. Phiientoma, p. 365.
n". Second primary about equal to the
secondaries.
s'". Bill moderately broad ; when mea-
sured at base of forehead, equal to
the hind toe without claw,
w*. Wing rather pointed, the difi'er-
euce between the tips of the pri-
maries and the tips of the
secondaries equal to or greater
than the length of the culmen.
k^. The distance between the tips

118 MUSCICAl'ID^.

of the pvimaries and the tip

of the tail not as much as

twice the leng-th of the tarsus.

)f. OutHiie of bill straight along

the edges ; culmen much

hooked 51. Rhinomyias, p. 367.

o". Outline of bill bowed in to-
wards the tip; bill flattened 52. Culicicapa, p. 369.
P. The distance between the tips
of the primaries and the end
of the tail more than twice
the length of the culmen ; bill

arched and rather stout 53. Mviagha, p. 371.

o*. "Wing rounded, the distance be-
tween the primaries and the
secondaries not so great as the
length of the culmen.
vi\ Hind toe equal in length to
middle toe (without claws) ;
nostrils rounded, and not

hidden by bristles 64. Pseudobias, p. 386.

w'. Hind toe less than the middle
toe (without claws) ; nostrils
quite concealed by bristles.
^/. Bill longer and narrower
than the next ; when mea-
sured at gape only about

equal to half the culmen . . 55. Megabias, p. 387.
g". Bill very broad, measuring
at gape as much as the

culmen 66. Smithohnis, p. 388.

t'". Bill extremely broad and flattened
on both mandibles; when mea-
sured at base of forehead exceed-
ing the length of the hind toe
without claw ; culmen elevated
into a distinct ridge ; wings mo-
derately long, falling short of the
tail bv more than the length of [p. 390.

the culmen 57. MACHasnoniiYNCHi'S,

u'". Bill much narrower, measured
across the nostrils less than the
hind toe and claw.
p*. Nostrils hidden by bristles ; size

small 58. Ceyptolopha, p. 393.

jr". Nostrils rounded and exposed.
o\ Bill extremely long and thin,
the culmen exceeding the
length of the middle toe and

claw 59. SisTJRA, p. 407.

p^. Bill stouter, the culmen not
as long as the middle toe and
claw.
J-". "With a fleshy eye-Avattle . . 60. Aeses, p. 408.
s*^. "VN'ithout an eye-wattle.
f. Plumage of head velvet}',

MtJSCICAPID.E. 119

■with soft scale-like

plumes on the crown of [p. 413.

head and throat 61. Piezorhynchus,

k''. Plumage of head ordinary 62. JNIonarcha, p. 429.
Second primary longer than the
secondaries ; wing short.
'". Nostrils rounded and exposed, not
overhung by a membrane or con-
cealed by bristles.
r*. Bill very broad and powerful,
when measured at base of fore-
head equal to the hind toe with-
out claw ; wing pointed, the
distance between the tips of
primaries and the tips of secon-
daries gTeatev than the length

of the tarsus 63. Peltops, p. 4-33.

fi*. Bill rather narrow ; when mea-
sured at base of forehead much
less than hind toe without claw;
wing rather rounded, the dis-
tance betw"een the tips of pri-
maries and the tips of secon-
daries less than length of tarsus 64. Pomaeea, p. 434.
c'". Nostrils obscured by bristles and
overhanging frontal plumes, so
that the nasal openings are not
visible and are sometimes shut in
by a membrane.
t*. Bill much narrower ; when mea-
sured across the base of the
forehead much less than the
hind toe without claw,
g'. Wing pointed and long, but
not reaching as near the tip
of the tail as the length of
the tarsus.
f. Bill rather long, the culmen
not equal to twice the
width of the bill at gape ;

bristles numerous 65. Stopaeola, p. 435.

u^. Bill much longer, the cul-
men twice as long as it is
broad at gape.
r. Hind claw moderate and
curved, but not nearly
as long as the hind toe.. 66. Siphia, p. 441.
7n''. Hind claw very long and
strongly curved, about
equal in length to the

hind toe itself 67. Digenea, p. 468.

r'. Wings very short ; bill stout,
the culmen not as long as the
middle toe and claw ; dis-
tance between wings and
tail greater than twice the

120 MUSCICAPID^.

leiigrtli of the tarsus; bill
swollen towards the tip, be-
fore which the ciilmen is

indented 68. Niltava, p. 462.

M*. Bill broader; when measured

across the base of the forehead

equal to the hiud toe without

the claw 69. Cassinia, p. 466.

1. HEMICIIELIDON. ^^^^

Hemichelidon, Hodgson, P. Z. S. 1845, p. 32 H. sibirica.

Bill of HemicheUdon ferruginea.

Range. Eastern Siberia; tbroughoiit China and Burmese countries;
India.

Key to tlie Species.

a. Tail uniform ; upper surface of body dusky or ashy

brown, the upper tail-coverts like the back ; quills

edged with lighter brown sibirtca, p. 120.

b. Tail particoloured, the feathers rufous-bro'^sTi at the

tips and on the outer webs : rump and upper
tail-coverts rufous ; under sm-face of body orange-
rufous ferruginea, p. 122.

1. Hemichelidon sibirica.

Dun Flycatcher, Penn. Arctic Zool. ii. p. 390.

Muscicapa sibirica, Gm. S. N. i. p. 936 (ex Pennant) ; Schrenck,

Peis. Aviurl. Vog. p. 379 ; Radde, Peis. Sihir. ii. p. 271.
Muscicapa fuscedula, Pall. Zoogr. Posso-Asiat. i. p. 462.
Hemichelidon fuliginosa, Hodgs. P. Z. S. 1845, p. 32 (types exa-
mined) ; Gray, Cat. Mamm. i^-c. Xepal Coll. Ilodqs. p. 91 ; id. Gen.

B. i. p. 262 ; 'Ulyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 119 ; id. Cat. B. 3Im. A. S. B.

p. 175; Bp. Con.sp. i. p. 321 ; Horsf. ^ 3Ioore, Cat. B. Mvs. E.I.

Co. i. p. 137 ; Je)-do7i, B. Ind. i. p. 458; Hume ^- Henders. Lahore

to Yark. p. 184, pi. 4.
Butalis sibiiica, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 288, 1870, p. 440, 1871,

p. 379 ; Bhjih &: Wald. B. Burm. p. 134 ; Taczati. Bidl. Soc. Zool.

France, i. p. 168 ; Daiid 6f- Omfalct, Ois. Chine, p. 122.
Hemichelidon sibiricus, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 324, no. 4862 ; Hume,

Nests SfPggs Ind. B. p. 106; id. Str. F. 1875, pp. 104, 321;

Brooks, t. c. p. 275 ; Armstr. Str. F. 1876, p. 323; Hume 4' Davi~

son, Str. F. 1878, p. 226.

1. HEMICffELIDON. 121

Adult male. General colour above brown ; least wing-eoverts
uniform with the back, the greater series dark brown with lighter
brown tips to the median series, the greater coverts tipped with
whitish ; primary- coverts and primaries dark brown, the secondaries
edged with pale brown, whitish at the tips ; tail dark brown ; lores
butFy white ; in front of the eye a dusky spot ; round the eye a ring
of buflfy-white feathers ; feathers below the eye and ear-coverts
brown like the crown ; cheeks white, mottled with brown bases to
the feathers; throat white, widening out on the lower part and sepa-
rated from the cheeks by a broad moustachial line of brown ; breast
and sides of body ashy brown, the former slightly mottled with
grizzly white edgings to the feathers ; abdomen and under tail-
coverts pure white ; thighs brown ; under wing-coverts light tawny,
with dusky bases to the feathers, the quills ashy brown below with
an edging of light tawny to the inner webs ; " upper mandible
dusky black ; lower mandible yellowish brown, tipped with dusky ;
legs and feet brownish black ; iris dark brown '' (Armstrong). Total
length 4-9 inches, cidmen 0-4, wing 3'15, tail 2-2, tarsus 0"5.

06s. The description is from a specimen collected by Dr. Eadde in
Eastern Siberia on the iSth of ilay, 1856, and therefore in full
breeding-plumage. Examples from other parts of China and the
Himalayas are similar, but great variation takes place in this species
as regards the tone and intensity of the brown colour both on the
upper and under surface, and also in the uniform or mottled colour
of the breast. The coloration of the throat is very different in indi-
viduals, being in some almost uniform brown, succeeded by a jugular
spot of white.

Young (Peking, Sept. 1868, R. Swinhoe). Ashy brown, mottled
with whitish streaks and terminal spots to the feathers, the greater
coverts edged and tipped with buffy white, the rest of the coverts
spotted with whitish at the tip like the back ; primary-coverts and
quills dark brown, the inner secondaries edged and tipped with pale
rufous ; under surface very thickly mottled with brown, the feathers
being white with dusky brown edges. (ATus. H. Seehohm.)

Hah. Eastern Siberia, China, Burmese countries, Himalaya Moun-
tains.

a. Ad. sk. N. India. Earl of Giffiird TP.].

h. Ad. sk. Cashmere. E. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

c. c? ad. ; d,e. 2 ad. sk. Sonamarg, July Capt. Biddidph [C.].

187.5.

/. $ ad. sk. Rawul Pindee. Capt. Biddulph [C.].

g-k. Ad. sk. N.W. Himalaya.^. Capt. Stackhouse Pin will

S:^

/-?. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

(Types of H.fidiginnsa.)

r. Juv. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [PJ.

s-v. Ad.sk. Darjiling. .T. Fotheringham, Esq '

u\ x. Juv.sk. Darjiling. J. Fotheringham,Esq

122 MUSCICAPIP-E.

2. Hemichelidon ferrugineus.

Hemichelidon ferni;iiiiea, IIoiI(/s. P. Z. S. l>!4o, p. .32 (t}T)es exa-
mined) ; Grai/, Cat. Mamm. Sfc. Xcpal Coll. Hodqs. p. 91 ; id. Gen.
B. i. p. 2(>2 ; Bh/th, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 119 ; id. Cat. B. Mm. A. S. B.
p. 173 ; Bp. C'onsp. i. p. 321 : Ilor.if. ^- Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I.
Co. i. p. 137; Swinh. P. Z. S. 1801, p. 40; Gray, Huml-l. B. i.
p. 324, no. 48G3 ; Hume, Neds 8)- Eqgs Itid. B. p! 207.

Bntalis rufescens, Bhjth, J. A. S. B. xvi'. p. 120 {ex Jerdon, MS.).

? Alseonax rnfescens, Cabanis, Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. .53.

Hemichelidon rufilata, Swinh. Bns, 18G0, p. 57.

Alseonax ferruginens, Jerd. B. Lid. i. p. 4(i0.

Butalis ferruginea, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 288, et 1871, p. 379 ; Blt/th,
B. Burm. p. 104; David 8f Oustalet, Ois. Chine, p. 121.

Adult. General colour above rufous-brown, shading into chestnut
on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; head and nape sooty brown ;
least wing-coverts like the back, the remainder of the coverts and
the secondaries blackish brown, edged and tipped with chestnut-
rufous, paler on the margins of the inner secondaries ; primary-
coverts and primaries nearly uniform blackish brown, the first pri-
mary broadly edged with rufous ; two (Centre tail-feathers dusky
brown, the remainder rufous, dusky brown along the outer web, the
inner web more or less dusky near the tip ; round the eye a distinct
ring of huffy -white feathers : lores rufous ; feathers in front of and
below the eye and the ear-coverts dusky brown, mottled with whitish
shaft-lines or spots ; under surface of laody orange-rufous, the throat
and sides of the breast shaded with dusky brown ; centre of abdomen
white ; throat pale rufous-buff, with dusky margins to most of the
feathers ; the bases to the plumes of the lower throat white, forming
a concealed white patch ; under wing-coverts deep orange-rufous ;
quiUs dark brown below, edged with light rufous along the inner
web ; " bill black, with the base of the lower mandible whitish ;
feet duU grey, with the soles yellow and the nails grey : iris brown "
{David). Total length 4-5 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2-8, tail 2,
tarsus 0-5.

Ohs. In some specimens the throat is pure white, with a malar
streak on each side of dusky black ; the outer tail-feathers appear
gradually to lose all the dusky markings on the outer web.

Hah. Eastern Himalayas, extending into Southern China.

a-e. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

(Types of species.)
f,g. Ad. sk. Darjiling. J. Fotlieringham, Esq. [C.].

2. MICRffiCA* ^

Tjpe.

Microeca, Gould, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 172 M. assimilis.

Museicapa (pt.). Gray.

* The following species have been included in Mr. G. E. Gray's ' Hand-list '
under the genus Microeca : —

1. M. conspicillata. Gray, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 150; is a Pseudogerygone, and is
described later on.

2. MICRCECA. 123

Range. Coiifiucd to Australia, Now Guinea, and the adjacent
islands.

Bill of Micrxca fascinans.

Key to the Species.

a. Belly and under tail-coverts white.

«'. Larger ; wing 3-45 inches : outer tail-feathers

entirely pure white; axillaries light brown . fascinans, p. 12.'5.

b'. Smaller'; wing 3-35 inches : outer tail-feather
blackish brown, white at tip of inner web
and along the outer one _. assi milts, p. 124.

b. Belly and under tail-coverts yellow ; head uni-

form with back.

a". Larger ; vnng 3-1 inches : lower man-
dible yellowish ; feet pale ; olive-green
above'; below very pale yellow with
olive-green sides to the body Jlavovirescens, p. 125.

b". Smaller ; -wing 2-75 inches : lower man-
dible dark horn-coloiu-, the upper one
brown ; legs blackish ; olive-brown
above, more or less tinged with yellow ;
below pale yellow, the sides scarcely
darker ; throat white or paler yellow ;
lores duU whitish fiavigaster, p. 126.

1. Micrceca fascinans.

Fascinating Grosbeak, Lath. Gen. Si/n. Suppl. ii. p. 197.

Loxia fascinans, Lath. Ind. Orn. Suppl. ii. p. xlvi.

Myiagi-a macroptera, Vig. ^- Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 254 (type

examined).
Muscicapa platvrhjmcha, Quoy et Gaim. Voy. de V Astrolabe, Zool. i.

Ois. p. 178, pi. 11. fig. 1.
Micrceca macroptera, Gould, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 172 ; id. B. Austr. n.

pi. 93 ; JReich. V. Neuh. p. 221.
Myiagra fascinans, Graij, Gen. B. i. p. 261.

Micrceca leucophaa, Bhjth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 177, no. 10.36. _
Micrreca fascinans, Bp. Consp. i. p. 320; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i.

p. 258; Bamsay, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 686; id. Proc. Linn. Soc.

N. S. IV. ii. pt. 2, p. 183.
Muscicapa fascinans. Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 323, no. 4855.

Adult. General coloar above ashy brown, the upper tail-coverts

2. M. superciUosa (Wall.), Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 324, is Pki/lloscopus pres-
bytis (Miiller), ex Timor. 'Cf. Seebohm, ' Ibis," 1877, p. 83.

124 MUSCICAriDiE.

blackish brown, in strong contrast to tlie back ; tail-feathers blackish
brown, the four middle feathers cntirelj' brown, the two outermost en-
tirelj' white, the next two brown with white tips, increasing in extent
towards the outer feathers, and extending on the outer webs of the
last biit two ; wings ashy brown, the median and greater coverts
externally edged with ashy white ; primary- coverts dark brown, with
conspicuous white bases to the inner webs ; quills dark brown, ex-
ternally edged with light brown, the secondaries plainly margined
with white ; a narrow frontal line and lores dull white, extending
backwards over the eye, but not forming a very distinct eyebrow ; in
front of the eye a spot of dusky black : sides of face dull white, the
ear-coverts ashy browia ; throat and centre of body and under tail-
coverts white, the sides of neck, sides of breast, and flanks ashy
brown ; thighs brown ; axillaries light brown : under wing-coverts
whitish, with brown bases ; quills ashy below, with greyish edges to
th£ inner web; "bill and feet brown; irides brown" {Gould).
Total length 4*9 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 3-45, tail 2*2, tarsus
0-65.

Hah. Australia : Port Deiiison, Wide-Bay district, Eichmond and
Clarence-River districts. New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia
and interior district {Ramsay').

a. Ad. sk. Australia. Linnean Society [P.].

(Type of M. macroptera.')

b. Ad. sk. New South Wales. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

c. Ad. sk. South Australia. Sir George Grey [P.].

d. Ad. St. Australia. Sir T. Mitchell [P.].

e. Ad. sk. Australia. R. Brown, Esq. [P.].

2. MicrcEca assimilis,

Micrceca assimilis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 172 ; id. B. Austr. Intr.

p. xl ; B}). Consp. i. p. 321 ; Reichenb. Vog. Neuholl. p. 287 ; Cab.

Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 52 ; Gould, Ilandb. B. Austr. i. p. 2G0 ; Ramsay,

Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. IF. ii. pt. 2, p. 182.
Myiagra assimilis, Grai/, Gen. ^. i.p. 261.
Muscicapa assimilis, Gi-mj, Hand-l. B. i. p. .324, no. 4856.

Adult male. General colour above earthy brown, the upper tail-
coverts darker sepia-brown ; wing-coverts brown, the quills brown,
edged narrowly with lighter brown, the secondaries with dull white ;
four centre tail-feathers dark brown, the next two on each side tipped
with white on the inner web, the white tip gradually increasing in
size towards the outermost, which has also the outer web white ; a
narrow frontal liue of dull white drawn backwards over the fore part
of the eye ; in front of the eye a dusky spot : ear-coverts brown, with
a slight dash of rufous ; cheeks, throat, abdomen, and under tail-
coverts white, the chest slightly shaded with light brown, the sides
of the body more distinctly light earthy brown ; axillaries pale rusty
brown ; under wing-coverts whity brown, with dusky bases ; " bill
and feet blackish brown ; iris reddish brown " {Goidd). Total length
4-5 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 3-35, tail 2"25, tarsus 0-55.

2. MICHCECA. 125

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 4-5 inches, wing
3-2, tail 2, tarsus 0-6.

A specimen collected by Mr. Elsey differs slightly in having the
wing smaller (3 inches), and in the primary-coverts having trian-
gular spots of white at the tip ; the latter I believe to be remains of
immature plumage.

ffab. Western Australia : Gulf of Carpentaria.

u. cJ ad. sk. Moore's River, Western Aus- J. Gould, Esq. [C].
tralia, Aug. 29, 1842.

b. 2 ad. sk. Near the Salt River, Western J. Gould, Esq. [C.].

Australia, Oct. 17, 1839.

c. (S imm. sk. N.W. Australia. J. R. Elsey, Esq. [P.].

3. Micrceca flavovirescens.

MicroBca ? flavovirescens, Grai/, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 178 (type examined) ;

id. Cat. B. New Guitiea, p. 30.
Micrceca flavovirescens, Finsch, Nen-Guinea, p. 170; Salvad. Sf

B" Albert. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 817 ; Salvad. op. cit. viii.

p. 398, X. p. 134.
Muscicapa flavovirescens. Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 324, no. 4858.

Adult male. General colour above dull olive-green, a little duller
on the head; least wing-coverts like the back, the median and
greater series, as well as the quills, brown, externally washed with
the same olive-green as the back ; the edgings to the quUls rather
more yellow ; tail-feathers brown, with olivaceous yellow margins ;
lores obscure dusky white ; round the eye a circlet of pale yellow
feathers ; ear-coverts and sides of face generally olive-green, with
narrow whitish shaft-lines to the former ; cheeks dusky olive washed
with yellow ; under surface of body pale lemon-ycUow, brighter on
the centre of the chest and on the abdomen, the under tail-coverts
paler and more white ; sides of the body olive-green, rather yellower
on the flanks ; under wing-coverts and axillaries pale yellow, the
lower series greyish brown ; the inner lining of the quills greyish
brown with ashy edges along the inner webs ; " bill dusky horn-
brown, the lower mandible yellow : feet yellow ; iris black " (D'Al-
hertis). Total length 6 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3-15, tail 2-45,
tarsus 0"6.

Adult female. Similar to the male, but smaller. Total length
6 inches, culmen 0"55, wing 3*1, tail 2-5, tarsus 0'6.

Hah. Aru Islands, Mysol, Waigiou, New Guinea.

a. cJ ad. sk. Aru Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

(Type of species.)

b. $ ad., c. ad. .-k. Aru Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.l.
d, e. Ad. sk. Mysol. A. R. Wallace, Esq. f C.l.
f. S ad. sk. Mysol. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.l.
V/. 5 ad. sk. Waigiou. A. R. AVallace, Esq. [C.].
/(, ;. Ad. sk. Arfak Mountains^ M. Laglaize [C.].

N.W. New Gumea.

126 MCSCICAPID.'E,

4. Micrceca flavigaster.

Micrceca flavigaster, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 132 ; id. B. Attstr. folio,

ii. pi. 94; Jacq. et Puck. Voy. Pule Sud, texte,iii. p. 79 ; Bji. Consp.

i. p. 321 ; Rnchenb. Viig. Neuholl. p. 96, no. 408 ; Gould, Handb. B.

Austr. i. p. 261 ; Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 170 ; Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1875,

p. 586 ; Salvad. ^ H Albert. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 817 ;

Salvad. op. cit. viii. p. 398, ix. p. 23 ; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Sue. xiii.

p. 498; Eamsay, Pr. Linn. Sac. N. S. W. ii. pt. 2, p. 182.
Gobe-niouche verdin, Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud, Atlas, pi. xii.

bis, iig. 5.
Myiagra flavigaster, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 261.
Muscicapa flavigaster, Gray, Iland-l. B. i. p. 324, no. 4857.
Micrceca Iffita, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. xii. p. 323 (type

examined).

Adult. Above olivaceous brown, a little more dusky on the head ;
wings rather browner than the back, the feathers narrowly mar-
gined with olivaceous ; upper tail-coverts and tail brown, exter-
nally edged with olivaceous, the three outer feathers obscurely tipped
with white on the inner web ; plumes in front of the eye dull
whitish ; feathers round the eye dusky white ; ear-coverts duU
brown, with narrow hair-like shaft-lines of white ; cheeks and
throat dull white ; rest of under surface yellow, paler on the under
tail-coverts ; sides of the upper breast duU brown ; lower abdomen
and vent white ; under wing-coverts yellow ; lower surface of qi;ills
ashy brown, with yeUomsh-white edgings along their inner webs;
bill dark horn-brown in skin, paler at the base of the lower man-
dible ; " bill dusky above, yellowish underneath ; feet duU ashy ;
iris black ; " (D^Albertis) ; " feet blackish grey ; iris blackish brown "
(Gould). Total length 4-6 inches, culmen 0'45, wing 2-75, tail 2,
tarsus 0"55.

Yoiim/. Browner, and mottled with triangular tips of dull white
to the feathers, very distinct on the wing-coverts (Mas. Genov.).
Fresh moulted yoimg birds would seem to be much yellower below
than adults.

Obs. Count Salvadori kindly lent me the type of his Micrceca Iceta,
but I could not separate the species from 31. flavigaster.

Hub. Northern Australia and New Guinea.

a. Ad. sk. Port Essington. J. B. Jukes, Esq. [P.].

b. Ad. sk. Port Moresby, S.E. New Guinea. 0. C. Stone, Esq. [C.j.

c. Ad. sk. Port Essington.

3. ALSEONAX. ^

Type.
Alseonax, Cabams, 3Ius. Hem. Th. i. p. 52 (1850) A. adusta.

Range. Africa ; India and Ceylon ; Burmese countries, ranging
north through China and Japan ; Malayan peninsula and islands.

3. ALSEONAX. 127

Keij to tho iijjecits.

a. Upper tail-coverts like the back; quills edged

with grey or whitish, not rufous.

a'. Upper sm-face of body dusky brown or ashy

brown, not bluish.

a". Bill conspicuously yellow on the under

mandible, the tip dark brown ; sides of

body white shaded with brown latirustris, p. 127.

b". Bill dark brown, with never more than a
slight shade of lighter colour at the base of
the lower mandible ; sides of body entirely

ashy brown admfa, p. 129.

b'. Upper surface of body dark slaty or bluish

gre3'-
c". Larger; wing 2*45 inches: tail brown .... cotnitata, p. 130.
d". Smaller ; wing 2'22 inches.

c'". Feet and legs yellow ; upper surface dark

bluish slate-colour eiiulata, p. 131.

d'". Feet dark brown ; upper surface ashy
grey, with dark bro\vn centres to feathers

of crown fantisiensis, p. 131.

I. Upper tail-coverts rufous, contrasting with the

back ; secondaries edged with pale rufous .... muttni, p. 132.

1. Alseonax latirostris.

Muscicapa grisola, var. dauurica, Fall. Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. i. p. 4G1.
Muscicapa latirostris, Raffi. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 312 ; Salvin, Cat.

Strickl. Coll. p. 13(3.
Muscicapa poonensis, Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 85 ; Grai/, Cat. 3fatmn.

SfC. Nepal Coll. Hodys. p. 90.
Hemichelidon latirostris, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 262 ; Blytli, Cat. B.

Mus. A. IS. B. p. 175 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 321 ; Horsf. ^ Moore, Cat.

B. Mm. E.I. Co. I. p. 137 ; Moore, 1'. Z. S. 1854, p. 270; Swinhoe,

Ibis, 1806, p. 57 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 324, no. 4864.
Butalis terricolor, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 120 ; id. Cat. B. Mm.

A. S.B. p. 175; Bp. Consp. i. p. 318.

Butalis latirostris, Bli/th, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 121 ; Layard, Ami. Nat.
Hist. 1854, xiii. p. 127 ; ISicink. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 379 ; Blyth ^- Wald.

B. Burm. p. 104 ; Dyboicsk. J. f. O. 1872, p. 447 ; Taczan. Bull.
Soc. Zool. France, i. p. 168 ; David Sf Oustal. Ois. Chine, p. 123 ;
Tweedd. P. Z. 8. 1«78, p. 284.

Muscicapa cinereo-alba, Teinm. S/- Schl. Faun. Japan. Aves, p. 42,
pi. 15; Schrenk, Reis. Aniurl. p. 379; Radde, Reis. Sibir. ii.
p. 273.

Alseonax latirostris. Cab. Mas. Hein. Th. i. p. 53 ; Jerd. B. Ind. i.
p. 459 ; Hoklsic. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 441 ; Hume cy Henders. Lahore
to I'ark. p. 185, pi. v. ; Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 130 ; Hume, 8tr. F.
1873, p. 219; id. Str. F. 1874, p. 475; Brooks, Str. F. 1875,
p. 276, et 1876, p. 273 ; Fairb. op. cit. p. 257 ; Hume, op. cit. p. 396 ;
td. 4' Davison, 8tr. F. 1878, p. 227.

Alseonax terricolor, Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 52, note.

Butalis cinereo-alba, Bp. Consp. i. p. 318.

Butalis pondiceriana, Bp. Consp. i. p. 318 (e.r Licht. in Mus. BeroL).

Muscica)ia pondiceriana, Middend. Sibir. Reis. Vby. p. 188.

llemiehclidiin terricolor, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 324, no. 4865.

Alseonax cinereoalba, Brooks, Str. F. 1^75, p. 276.

128 MUSCICAPID^.

Adult male. General colour above ashy brown, the wing-coverts
rather darker than the back, and the greater series edged with
rusty brown ; jirimary-coverts sooty brown ; wing-coverts dark
brown, the secondaries edged with nisty, paler at the tips ; tail
brown, like the back ; lores and a ring of feathers round the
eye huffy white ; in front of the eye a dusky spot : ear-coverts and
cheeks brown ; throat and rest of under surface of bodj- pure white,
the sides of the neck, breast, and sides of body suffused with brown ;
under wing-coverts and axillaries light fawn-brown ; quills dark
brown below, light fawn-colour along the inner web ; " bill black,
the lower mandible yellowish at base ; legs dark vandyke-brown ;
iris chocolate "' (A. Everett). Total length 4'8 inches, culmen 0"45,
wing 2-75, tail 1"95, tarsus O'oo.

Mr. Hume observes (Str. F. 1873, p. 219) :— " The colours of the
soft parts vary somewhat. In some specimens the legs, feet, and
upper mandible are brown, in some black, or nearly so ; in all the
gape, inside of the mouth, and lower mandible are yellow, paler and
purer in some, more orange in others, and the tip of the lower
mandible is always brownish."

Young. Differs from the adult in being flammnlated above, the
feathers having large ovate spots of ochraceous birff in their centres,
the wing-coverts and quills being edged with rufous-buff ; sides of
face light brown streaked with buff ; under surface of body white,
mottled with dusky brown edgings to the feathers ; upper tail-
coverts and edges to the tail-feathers rufous.

Ohs. Considerable variation takes place in this species, but only
as regards the colour of the brown upper surface, which differs in
intensity, and as regards the brown on the chest ; this varies in ex-
tent, being sometimes broad, sometimes narrow, and occasionally
dissolved into obscure streaks. The edges to the wing- coverts and
quills are often rufesceut, and this is probably a sign of immaturity.
I cannot see the least reason for separating Aheonax terricolor
of Hodgson, notwithstanding Mr. Brooks's opinion that they con-
stitute distinct species ; and I have had the opportunity of comparing
with the Museum series two specimens belonging to Mr. Seebohm,
and determined as A. terricolor by Mr. Erooks himself, to say nothing
of a large series of the typical specimens from Nepal.

Hah. Japan and Eastern Siberia, throughout China, the Burmese
countries, India and Ceylon, Java, Sumatra, Borneo, and the Philip-
pines.

a. Ad. sk. China. Mr. Fortune [C.].

b. J ad. ;^k. N.W. Himalayas. Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill

[P.l
c-f. .\d. ; r/,/(, !. Juv. sk. Nepal. B.H.Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

k. Ad. sk. Deccan (Sykes). Secretary of State for

India [P. j.
Hugh Cuming, Esq. [C.].
Pm-chased.
J. C. I). I'ackman, Esq.

71. .\d. sk.

Ceylon.

Ad. sk.

Ceylon.

Ad. sk.

Teuasserhii

3. ALSEONAX. 129

p, q. Ad. sk. Port Blair, S. Anda- R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

mans, Feb. 1874

( Wiinherley) .

r. Ad., A-. Juv. sk. Saig-on, Cochin Chiua. M. E. Pierre [P.].

t. 5 ad. sk. Java. Purchased.

II, i\ Ad. sk. N.W. Borneo. Hugh Low, Esq. [C.l.

w. Ad., X. Juv. sk. Sarawak. Henry Everett, Esq. [CI.

y. tS ad. sk. Kuching, Sarawak, Alfi-ed Everett, Esq. [C. j.

Oct. 8, 1874.

2. Alseonax adusta.*

L'0ndul(5, Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. iv. p. 24, pi. 156; Sundev. Crit. om

LevaiU. p. 42.
Muscicapa undidata (nee Gm.), Bmm. et Vteill. Utic. Meth. ii. p. 813 ;

Gray, JIand-l. B. i. p. 323, no. 4838 ; Sharpe, ed. Layard, B. S. Afr.

p. 3.")0.
Butalis adusta, Boie, Isis, 1828, p. 318 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 318 ; Shelley,

Ibis, 1875, p. 75.
Muscicapa fuscula, Sundev. CEfo. K. Vef.-AJiad. 1850, p. 105 ; Grill,

Zool. Anteckn. p. 10 ; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 148, no. 283 ; Firisch ^■

Hartl. Voff. Ostafr. p. 303, note; Ileuyl. Om. N.O.-Afr. pp. 436,

cxiii.
Alseonax undulata, Cabanis, Miis. Ilein. Th. i. p. 52.
Butalis undulata, Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. i. p. 42, no. 392.

Adult male. Above ashy brown, the head obscurely mottled by
the dark brown centres to some of the feathers of the crown ; wings
dark brown, the lesser and median wing-coverts edged with ashy
brown like the back, the greater series tipped with dull white ;
primary-coverts uniform dark brown ; quills dark brown, with nar-

* By some authors this species has been identified as the Gobe-mouche de
risk de France of Montbeillard, but it does not seem to me to be the same bird.
The synonymy would be as follows : —

Gobe-mouche de I'isle de France, Month. Hist. Nat. Ois. iv. ]). 527.
Undidated Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Syst. ii. pt. i. p. 333.
Muscicapa undulata, Gm. Si/st. Nat. i. p. 940.

With the following species I am unacquainted : —

Alseonax minima,

Muscicapa minuta, Heugl. Syst. Uehers. p. 31.

Muscicapa minima, Heugl. J. f. O. 18K2, p. 301 ; Hartl. u. Finsch, Orn.

N.O.-Afr. p. 303, note; Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 435, Taf. xviii. fig. 1.
Muscicapa fuscula, Finsch, Tr. Z. S. vii. p. 245.

Very small ; above greyish dusky ; forehead, lores, eyelids, and belly dull
dusky white, the sides of the neck, breast, flanks, and under wing-coverts shaded
with the same colour as the back ; quills internally towards the base dull bufl'y
white; wing-coverts and tail-coverts externally margined with pale rufous";
bill short, depressed, dusky black, bluish tlc^'h-culour at the base ; feet bluish
black ; iris dusky. Total length 4" 3'", bill from from 3^'", wing 2" 4.^'", tail
1" 9'", tarsus 5.V". {Heuglin.)

Drs. Finsch and Hartlaub believe that this species is not to be distinguished
from A. (tdus/a, but, as Dr. von Heuglin remarks, it appears to be much smaller.

Hah. Abvssiuia.

130 MUSCICAPIDiE.

row edgiiigs of ashy brown, the secondaries margined with dull
whitish ; tail brown, with obscure undulations under certain lights,
the feathers edged with lighter brown near the base ; lores whitish,
extending backwards above the eye, and forming an ill-defined eye-
brow ; round the eye a ring of whitish feathers ; fore part of cheeks
ashy brown, mottled with whitish tips to the feathers ; ear-coverts
uniform ashy brown ; throat pure white, with slight ashy mottling
on the chin where the bases show through ; breast and sides of
body ashy brown, with a slight fulvous tinge, the chest streaked
with fulvous, the feathers being edged with the latter colour ; belly
and under tail-coverts white ; thighs brown ; under wing-coverts
light tawny buff, with ashy brown bases to the feathers ; lower
surface of the quills brown, the inner webs edged with light fulvous
brown; "bill and legs black; iris browTi " {T. L. Ai/res, MS.),
Total length 4-6 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 2-55, tail 2-05, tarsus 0-6.

Adult female. Not different from the male in colour ; " bill black,
the under mandible yellowish at base ; tarsi and feet dusky ; iris
dusky hazel" (F. Barratt, MS.). Total length 4-8 inches, wing
2-()5, tail 2-05, tarsus 0-U5.

Hah. South Africa.

«. S ad. sk. Knysna, Dec. 8, 1865 (C J. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
Andersson).

b. d ad. sk. Knysna,Jau.6,1866(C.J:^.). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

c. 2 ad. sk. Kuysna,Feb.7,1866(aJ.^.). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

c?. c? ad. sk. Kuysua. C.J. Andersson, Esq. [C.].

e. Ad. sk. George, Sept. 20, 1870 {H. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

Atmore).

/, (/. Ad. sk. Peri Bush, near Kingwil- H. Trevelyan, Esq. [P.].

liamstown.

/^. 2 jiui- s^f- Elands Post, May 29, 1873 R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

{T. C. Atmore).

i. (S ad. sk. Pine Town, Natal, June 14, R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

\Q7b{T.L.Ayres).

k. 5 ad. sk. Natal. Dr. Gueinzius [C.].

I. 2 ad. sk. Macamac, Nov. 28, 1874. F. A. Barratt, Esq. [0.].

3. Alseonax comitata.

Butalis comitata, Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1857, p. 25 ; Sharpe, Ibis,

1870, p. 479 ; id. Cut. Afr. B. p. 42, no. 394.
Muscicapa comitata, Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 265, no. 748; Gray,

Hand-l. B. i. p. 322, no. 4824.

Adult. General colour above dark slate-colour, the wings dark
brown, the lesser and median coverts edged with the same slaty
grey as the back ; tail brown ; lores and eyelid white ; in front of
the eye a blackish spot ; sides of face dark slate-colour, the ear-
coverts with whitish shaft-lines, the fore part of the cheeks slightly
mottled with white ; throat dull whitish ; breast and sides of body
dark slaty grey, the centre of the abdomen dull brownish white, the
under tail-coverts dull whitish, ashy brown on the edges ; thighs
ashy brown ; under wing-coverts and axillaries lighter slaty grey

3. ALSEONAX. 131

than the breast, with hoary whitish edgings to the feathers ; quills
dusky brown below, edged with dull whitish along the inner webs.
Total length 4-9 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2-45, tail 2-25, tarsus 0-6.
Hub. Western Africa, Gold Coast to Gaboon.

a. Ad. sk. Gaboon {Du Chaillit). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

b. Ad. sk. Gaboon. Mr. Du Chaillu [C.].

c. Jan. sk. Ashantee. J. Gould, Esq.
d,i\ Ad. sk. Fantee (Gnvenior Ussher). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
/". Juu. sk. Fantee (Aubinn). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
'g. Ad. sk. Enimill, Wassaw, March 1872 R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

{H. F. Blissett).

4. Alseonax epulata.

Butalis epulata, Cass. Pr. F/uhtd. Acad. 1850, p. 32G, et 1857, p. 35.
Muscicapa epulata, Ilartl. Orn. W.-Afr. pp. 96, 276; Cass. Pr.

Phihtd. Acad. 1859, p. 51 ; Hartl. J. f. O. 1861, p. 169 ; Grmj,

Hand-l. B. i. p. 322, no. 4823,

Adult. General colour above dark bluish slate-colour, the head
scarcely darker than the back ; quills dark brown, the coverts ob-
scurely edged with slate-colour, with which colour the inner secon-
daries are washed ; tail-feathers dark brown, edged obscurely with
grey near the base of the outer web and with lighter brown along
the inner one ; sides of face dark slate-colour like the head, with a
slight whitish mottling near the base of the upper mandible; in
front of the eye a blackish shade ; sides of throat, breast, and sides
of body dull bluish slate-colour, the throat and centre of the body
white, as also the under tail-coverts, the latter with greyish bases ;
edge of wing dark brown, the feathers edged with slaty ; axillaries
white with dusky bases ; quills dark brown below, edged with lighter
brown along the inner web. Total length 3-6 inches, culmen 0-4,
wing 2-15, tail 1'5, tarsus 0'45.

Hah. Gaboon.

a. Ad. sk. Gaboon. Mr. Du Chaillu [C.].

b. Ad. sk. Gaboon {F)u Chaillu). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

5. Alseonax fantisiensis.

Butalis epulata {nee Cass.), Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 489; id. Cat. Afr.
B. p. 42 ; id. Ann. ^- May. Nat. Hist. 1871, viii. p. 234.

Adult. Similar to A. ejndata, but with a longer wing, though nar-
rower bill ; legs dark brown, instead of yellowish ; colour of upper
surface dark ashy grey, with dark-brown centres to the feathers of
the head, producing a mottled appearance ; the colour of the upper
surface and of the sides of the body is more of a cindery-grey than a
dark-bluish grey as in B. epulata. Total length 4 inches, ciilmen
0-4, wing 2-2, tail 1-0, tarsus 0-45.

Young. Above dusky grey, covered with little spots of buff, deeper
on the rump and upper tail-coverts, all these spots being margined

132 MxrscicAPiD^.

with black ; cheeks similarly marked ; wing-coverts coloured and
spotted like the back, but the spots much deeper, almost golden in
colour ; quills blackish, the secondaries plainly edged with buff ; tail
blackish, with little buff tips to the feathers : under surface of the body
whitish, the Hanks and under tail-coverts tinged with buff, the throat
and breast presenting a mottled appearance, owing to the feathers
being narrowly edged with grey ; under wing-coverts white, varied
with grey near the edge of the wing ; bill black, yellow at the base
and gape ; feet dark brown. Total length •i-2 inches, culmen 0-45,
wing 2-25, tail 1'65, tarsus 0"5.

Hah. "Western Africa, Gold-Coast districts and Gaboon.

«. Ad. sk. Fautee {A. Swanzy). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

h. Juv. sk. Between Denkera and Ash- R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

antee, April 20, 1871

{Aribinn).

c. Ad. sk. Wassaw, March 1872 {H. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

F. missett).

d. Ad. sk. Gaboon. Mr. Du Chaillu [C.].

G. Alseonax muttui.

Butalis muttui, Layanl, Ann. X. H. 1854, xiii. p. 127.

Alseonax terricolor {nee Ilodgs.), Holdsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 441 ;

Legge, Sir. F. 1875, p. 366.
ALseonax flavipes, Legge, Str. F. 1875, p. 367.

Adult female. General colour above ochraceous brown, duller and
more shaded with olive on the head and neck ; the upper tail-coverts
rufous ; tail-feathers brown, narrowly edged with rufous-brown on
the outer web and with fulvous on the inner one ; wing-coverts dark
brown, externally ochraceous brown like the back ; greater wing-
coverts and quills dark sepia-brown, externally edged with rufous,'
the primaries only narrowly margined ; primary-coverts entirely
sepia-brown ; lores, feathers in front of the eye and round the latter
dull white ; ear-coverts and sides of face olive-brown like the head,
the former with obscure whitish shaft-lines : cheeks light ochre-
brown, the fore part mottled with white, the malar line slightly
darker brown, very indistinct : throat white, as well as the centre of
the breast and abdomen ; the fore neck and sides of breast light
ochraceous brown, the flanks pale fawn-butf, as also the thighs ;
under tail-coverts whitish, shaded at their tips with fulvous : under
wing-coverts and axillaries orange-buff or fawn-colour ; quills dull
brown below, edged with fawn-colour along the inner webs ; " bill
blackish brown, the lower one fleshy yellow, pale brown at tip ; legs
and feet pale yellow ; iris reddish brown " {Legge). Total length
5-2 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 2-85, tail 2-2b, tarsus 0'55.

Hah. Ceylon.

a. 2 ad. sk. Ikkade-Barawe Forest, Capt. W. Vincent Legge [P.].
Feb. 13, 1877.

4. BATIS. 133

4. BATIS.

Tjpe.

Batis, Boie, Isis, 1833, p. 880 B. capensis.

I'achyprora, Sundev. Av. 3fet/i. Tent. p. 24 (1872) B. capensis.

Mange. Confined to Africa.

Kt)/ to the Species.
Males.

a. Flanks rufous cajjensis, p. 1.33.

b. Flanks white, mixed with black.
a'. With a white nuchal spot.

a". 'W ith a broad white eyebrow encircling the
head.

«'". Head black senegalensis, p. 1-34.

b'". Head bluish p-ey orientah's, p. 1.36:

b". With a little white line from base of bill to , ,. ,„^

above the eye, not encircling the head .... \ ""^/'f'^'"' P^^o '•
■^ ' " \pri7tt, p. 1.38.

c". With no white line over the eye or encircling

the head, the sides of which are black .... minulla, p. 137.
b'. With no white nuchal spot minima, p. 139.

Females.

a. Flanks rufous capensis, p. 133.

b. Flanks white, varied with black.
a'. With a white nuchal spot.

a". Throat white, with no spot ; chest rufous.
a'". With a white eyebrow encircling the
head.

a*. Head black senegalen-sis, p. 134.

,„**• ?*^^'^ bluish grey orie'ntalis, p. 136.

b'". With no white eyebrow round the head. . minidla, p. 137.
b". Throat rufous in centre, forming a .spot ; chest

rufous molitor, p. 137.

f". Throat and breast pale orange-rufous, uni-

^. form jn-irit, p. 138.

b'. With no white nuchal spot mi7uma, p. 139,

1. Batis capensis.

Le Gobe-mouche du Cap de Bonne Esperance, Briss. Om. ii. p. 372,

pi. .36. fig. 3 ; Buff. PI. Enl. v. pi. .572. fig. 1.
Muscicapa capensis, Linn. S. X. i. p. 327 {ex Briss.).
Le Molenar, LevaiU. Ois. dAfr. iv. pi. 160; Sundev. Crit. om Levaill.

p. 42.
Muscicapa pristinaria, Vieill. N. Diet. d'lTisf. Nat. xxi. p. 474 (e.v

Levaill.).
Saxicola thoracica, Licht. Verz. Dovhl. p. .32.
Muscipeta pristinaria, Less. Traite, p. 385.
Batis capensis, Boie, Isis, 18.33, p. 880 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1873, p. 101 :

Buckley, Ibis, 1874, p. 37-5 ; Barratt, Ibis, 1876, p. 203 ; Sharne,

ed. Lai/ard, B. S. Afr. p. 3-51.
Platvsteira pristinaria, Gra)/, Gen. B. i. p. 2-56; Bp. Consp.'i.-a 32-^;

La;/ard, B. S. Afr. p. 143.
Platvsteira capensis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 257 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 322 :

Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. .59 ; GriV, Zool. Antechn. p. 26 ; Gray, Hand-l.

134 MUSCICAPID.'E.

B. i. p. 329; Finsch 8)- Hartl. Vog. Ostafr. p. 310 ; Sharpe, Cat. Afr.

B. p. 44.
Plat\'stira thoracica, Licht. Nomencl. p. 20.
Platvstira strepitans, Licht. t. c. p. 20.
Pachyprora capensis, Sunclev. Av. Meth. Tent. p. 24.

Adult male. Entire head deep ashy grey, with a black line drawn,
from the forehead on each side, enclosing the eye and ear-coverts, and
extending down on each side of the neck so as to form a border to
the grey head ; the rest of the back olive-brown, the riimp irregu-
larly mottled with white, which shows more conspicuously on the
disarrangement of the feathers ; upper tail-coverts glossy greenish
black, with a white tip ; least wing-coverts olive-brown like the back,
the greater ones darker, the median and the inner greater coverts
bright orange-rufous ; quills dark brown, the inner secondaries
tipped with white, the outer secondaries broacUy edged with orange-
rufous, continuous with the coverts, which are similarly coloured ;
tail black, with a very slight greenish gloss, the feathers more or less
broadly tipped with white, the outer feathers margined externally
with a broad white line ; entire throat and sides of nock pure white ;
fore part of chest black, forming a very broad pectoral band, slightly
tinged on the side with olive-brown, some of the lower feathers
slightly margined with white ; centre of belly and under tail-coverts
white ; sides of body bright orange-rufous ; tibial plumes blackish ;
under wing-covorts white, the outennost small coverts brown ; bill
and feet black ; iris yeUow. Total length 3-9 inches, culmen 0-5,
wing 2-2, tail 1-65, tarsus 0-65.

Adult female. Forehead and eyebrow whitish, but otherwise very
similar to the male on the upper parts. Underneath white, with a
patch of orange-rufous occupying nearly the whole of the throat ;
upper part of breast and sides of body rich orange-rufous, deepening
into rust-colour on the pectoral band.

Hab. South Africa.

a. c? ad. st. Cape Colony.

b. S ad. St. Cape Colony. Sir A. Smith [C.].
c,d. cS 2 ad. sk. Knysna, Jan. 3, 1866 E. B. Sharpe, Esq.

(C J. Andersson).
e,f. cS ad., ff. 5 ad. sk. Near Kingwilliams- Lieut. H. Trevelyan [P.].

town.
h. 2 ad. sk. Grahamstown (E. L. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

Lmjard).
i. S ad., k. 5 juv. sk. Grahamstown (T. C. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

Atmore^.
I. S ad. sk. Swellendani (Cairn- R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

a-oss) .
m. S ad. sk. Natal. Thomas Ayres, Esq. [C.].

n,o. (S 2 ad. sk. Macamac, .luly 1874. F. A. Barratt, Esq. [C.].

2. Batis senegalensis.

Le Gobe-mouche a poitrine rousse du Senegal, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 374,
pi. 37. fig. 2 ; Stiff. PI. Enl. v. pi. 567. fig. 1, = $ .

Le Gobe-mouche a poitrine noire du Senegal, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 375,
pi. 38. fig. 3 ; Buff. PI Enl. v. pi. 567. fig. 2, = c? •

4. BATIS. 135

Muscicapa seneg'alensis, Lhm. S. N. i. p. 327, cJ 9 •

Le Gobe-raouche a bandeau blanc du Senegal, Biif. Hist. Nat. 0/»-

p. 528, c? 2 . o .//

Senegal Flycatcher, cum var. A, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. i. pp. 328,

Platyrliynehus velatus, Bo7m. et Vieill. Enc. Meth. ii. p. 385.

Muscylyia senegalensis, Less. Coihpl. Huf. viii. p. 386.

Platystira succincta, Lidit. Nomencl. p. 20.

Platystira senegalensis, Hartl. Oni. W.-Afr. p. 93 ; Gray, Hand-l B

I. p. 329; Heiif/l. 0,-n. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 447 ; Finsch ^- Hartl. Vog.

0.<itqfr. p. 317; Skarpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 480; id. Cat. Afr. B.

p. 43.
Batis senegalensis, Skarpe, Ibis, 1873, p. 173 ; id. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 71 ;

id. ^- Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1877, p. 479.

Adidt male. Crown of the head and nape dusky greyish black •
forehead and eyebrow white, produced backwards so as to form a
border to the crown, and joining on the nape, forming a conspicuous
white nuchal spot : lores and sides of the face, including the eye and
the ear-coverts, glossy black, extending down each side of the neck
to the hmits of the white nuchal patch ; back greyish, with the
slightest tinge of ashy brown on the interscapular region, the white
bases to the scapulars and rump showing through and producing a
slightly mottled appearance ; upper tail-coverts glossy black ; wing-
coverts black, the median and inner greater ones broadly tipped with
white, so as to form a conspicuous alar bar ; quills brown, the secou-
da,nes darker and more inclining to blackish, the outer ones bordered
with white, forming a narrow white line continuous with the alar
bar above mentioned : tail-feathers black, obsoletely tipped with
white, the two outermost feathers broadly bordered and tipped with
white : under surface of body white, with a broad pectoral band of
glossy blue-black feathers, the flanks also mottled with black ; under
wing-coverts black, the lower ones and the inner lining of the quills
white ; biU and feet black. Total length 3-8 inches, culmen 0-5
wing 2-2, tail 1-6, tarsus 0-65. '

Adult female. Differs from the male chiefly in having the pectoral
band deep chestnut, instead of black ; a sHght tinge of rusty colour
IS also apparent below the nuchal spot.

Young. Immatm-e birds generally have the wing-coverts tinged
with rusty. Young males at first resemble the old female, and after-
wards gradually assume the black band on the breast. A specimen
from Casamanee in the coUection resembles the adult male, except in
having the back clear brownish grey, with a decided fulvous tinge on
the interscapular region. Another bird, still younger, in the Mu-
seum, 18 olive-brown above, darker on the head, where it is begin-
ning to get black; all the black parts of the plumage are much
tinged with brown, and the white markings obscured by a wash of
pale rusty fulvous ; the outer tail-feather is obliquely white towards
the tip.

Hab. Western Africa, from Senegambia to the Congo ; N.E Africa
and Eastern Africa.

136

MuscicAPiri.T:.

a, b. $ ad. sk. West Afi-ica. L. Fraser. Esq. [C.].

c. Juv. sk. River Gambia.

d. S imm. sk. Casamance. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

e. c? ad. sk. River Volta, August R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

1870 {Governor Ussher).

f. S ad. sk. Accra (J. Smith). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

V- 2 ad. sk. Landana, Congo. MM. Lucan & Petit [P.].

fi, i. S 2 ^^- St. Sennaar. Purchased.

k. cS ad. sk. Mombas, E. Africa R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

( Wakefield).

3. Batis orientalis.

Platystira pririt, Blanf. Gcol. S,- Zool Abyss, p. 345 ; Finsch, Tr. Z. S.

vii. p. 247.
Platystira affinis, Finsch, Tr. Z. S. vii. p. 315.
Platystira orientalis, Heiigl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 449.
Batis orientalis, Sharpe, Ibis, 1873, p. 105 ; Antiii. Sf Salrad. Viaffff.

Bogos, p. 75.

Adult male. Crown of the head and back grey, more or less clear,
but not blackish ; a broad white eyebrow extending backwards till
it joins the nape, forming a nuchal spot ; sides of face from base of
bill, enclosing the eye and the ear-coverts, black, extending on each
side of the nuchal spot : back grey, the outer scapulars black, with
concealed white bases, the rump also slightly mottled with white,
where tbe bases to the feathers show through ; upper tail-coverts
glossy black ; wing-coverts black, the median and inner greater
coverts broadly tipped with white ; quills greyish black, the primaries
narrowly edged with whitish, the outer secondaries very broadly bor-
dered with white ; tail-feathers deep black, slightly tipped with
white, the two outer ones also broadly bordered with white for nearly
a quarter of their length ; under surface of body white, with a broad
pectoral band of glossy blue-black, the flanks sparingly streaked with
black ; tibial plumes black ; under wing-coverts black, the tips of the
lower ones and inner linings of quills white ; bill and feet black :
iris yellow. Total length 4 inches, culmcn 0"5, wing 2*05, tail 1-65,
tarsus 0*6.5.

Adult female. Resembles the male, but has the pectoral band
chestnut instead of black.

Toitng female. Similar to the adult, but having the white eyebrow,
the nuchal spot, and margins of the wing-coverts and quills tipped
with rust-colour.

ffab. North-east Africa.

a. cJad.sk. Near Magen, Feb. 18, W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.].

1868.

b. 2 ad. sk. Ailat, Samhar, June 28, W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.].

1868.

c. cJ ad. sk. Abyssinia, on the road Colonel Sturt [P.].

to Magdala.

d. c? ad. sk. Abyssinia ( W. Jesse). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

4. BATIS. 137

«. Juv. sk. Waliko, July 27, R. B. Sliarpe, Esq.

18Ci8 ( JF. Jesse).
fi9- 6 ad.; h,i, $ ad. 8k, Achor,Bog-osLand R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

(Esler).

4. Batis minulla.

Platystira minulla, Bocacje, Jorn. Lisb. 1874, p. -37.

Batis minulla, Shnrpe, ed. Lai/ard B. S. Afr. p. 350 ; id. ^ Bouvier,

Bull Soc. Zool. France, 187(5, p. .398; Socage, Orn. Angola, p. 199,

tab. iii.

Adult male (tj^pe of species). Upper surface of body dark grey,
the nape with a white patch ; scapulars, lower back, and rump mot-
tled with white subterminal spots to tho feathers : upper tail-coverts
aud tail black, the penultimate feather narrowly edged with white,
the outermost rectrix white on the outer web and at tho tip ; wings
black, the least coverts very narrowly edged with white, the greater
series very broadly tipped, especially the innermost, which are white
for the terminal half, the inner secondaries also edged narrowly with
white, forming a thin longitudinal line down the wing ; lores whitish,
giving the appearance of a narrow frontal line ; feathers between the
bill and the eye as well as the sides of the face and ear-coverts black ;
a line of black feathers drawn down the sides of the neck on each side
of the white nuchal spot ; cheeks, sides of neck, and under parts pure
white, the sides of the body mottled with greyish black : across the
chest a broad band of glossy black ; thighs black ; under wing-coverts
black, tipped with white, the axillaries entirely white ; bill and feet
black ; iris bright yellow. Total length 4-2 inches, culmen 0-55,
wing 2-18, tail 1-6, tarsus 0-65. {Mus. Lisbon.)

Achilt female. Similar to the male, but distinguished by a chestnut
pectoral band instead of a black one. Total length 4 inches, culmen
0-5, wing 2-05, tail 1-6, tarsus 0-65. {Mus. Lisbon.)

Hab. Angola and the Congo district.

a. S ad. sk. Iwiudo, Congo. MM. Lucan and Petit [C],

5. Batis molitor.

Muscicapa molitor, Hakn u. Kiister, Von. aus Asien $-c Lief xx
Taf. 3. , ■ . .

Platysteira pririt {nee V.), Cab. Mus. Hdn. Th. i. p. o9 ; Grill, Zool.

Anteckn. p. 26 ; Gurneg, Ibis, 18G0, p. 210 ; Hartl. Orn. Madag.

p. 45 ; Gurney, Ibis, 18<d2, p. lo6 ; Kirk, Ibis, 18(34, p. 319; 8chl.

§- Poll. Faun. Madag. p. xiv ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 329 ; Finsch

8, Hartl. Vog. Osfafr. p. 314; Sha>-pe, Cat. Afr, B. p. 44; Gurney,

in Anderss. B. Dam. Ld. p. 131.
Platystira melanoleuca, Licht. Nomencl. p. 20.
Platystira molitor, Licht. t. c. p. 20 ; Bocuqe, Jorn. Lisb. 1870.

pp. 3G, ri5. ' '

Batis molitor, Sharpe, Ibis, 1873, p. IHG ; Buckley, Ibis, 1874, p. 37.5 ;

Shelley, Ibis, 1875, p. 75; Sharpe, ed. Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 348^

pi. X. tig. 1 ; Bocaye, Or)i. Angola, p. 198. '
VOL. IV. T.

138 MCSCICAPID^.

Adult male. Above diill bluish grey, the nape whitish, and tho
rump also mottled with white ; a narrow line from the base of the
bill over the e3"e, running as far as the hinder part of the eye, but
not joining the nape, white ; lores, feathers above and below the eye,
ear-coverts, and sides of the upper neck deep black, extending down
the back to the limit of the nuchal spot ; wing-coverts and scapulars
black, the least coverts slightly mai-giued with whitish, the median
and inner greater ones broadly tipped with white, forming a con-
spicuous alar bar ; quills dark brown, very narrowly edged with
whitish, the secondaries black, more broadly margined, so as to
form a line continuous with the wing-band ; upper tail-coverts and
tail black, slightly tipped with white, the penultimate feather a little
more broadly, the outermost altogether white on the external web ;
cheeks, sides of neck, and under surface of the body white, with a
broad pectoral band of glossy black ; thighs black ; flanks also
mixed with blackish ; under wing-coverts black, the lower ones and
those along the bend of the wing white ; bill and feet black ; iris
yellow. Total length 5-3 inches, culraen 0-5, wing 2-5, tail 2-2,
tarsus 0*73.

Adult female. Above similar to male, but differing below. Fnder
surface white, sides of body mixed A\nth grej' ; a patch in the centre
of the throat and a pectoral band deep chestnut.

Younrj. More dingily coloured than the adults, the upper surface
being dull ashy brown, mottled with white streaks and tips to the
feathers ; below, the rufous spot on the throat is apparent, but the
chest-band is ashy black, mottled with rufous subterminal spots to
all the feathers.

Hab. South Africa.

a. (? ad. ; b. c5' juv. sk. South Afiica. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

c. J ad. ; d. J juv. sk. Kingwilliamstown. Lieut. Austey [P-].
e. 2 ad.sk. Kingwilliamstown, Lieut. H. Trevelvan [P.].

May 21, 1877.
/. (S ad.; c/,h. $ ad. sk. Eland's Post (T. C. E. B. Sharpe, Esq.

At7nore).
t. 2 ad. sk. Natal. Purchased.

k. c? ad. sk. Bamangwato, Aug. T. E. Buckley, Esq. [P.].

2.3, 187.3.
I, m. 2 ad. sk. Tete, Zambesi. Dr. Kirk [C.].

n. 2 ad. sk. Shupanga, Zambesi. Dr. Kirk [C.].

o. 2 ad. sk. Zambesi(Z)r.i>/f//«-). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

p. 2 ad. sk, Ovaquenyania, Da- R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

mara Land, Mav

25, 1867 (C. J.

Andersson).

6. Satis pririt.

Le Gobe-mouche pririt, Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. iv. p. 38, pi. IGl ; Sundev.

Crit. om Levaill. p. 4.3.
Muscicapa pririt, VieUl. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xxi. p. 486.
^luscipeta senegalensis, Less. Truite, p. 385.
Platystira pririt, Gray, Gen. £. i. p. 257; Bp. Consp. i. p. 322.

4. BAxis. 139

Platystira affiuis, Jf'u/,/b. (Efv. K. Vet.-Akad. Fork. Slockh. 1865,

p. 214; Gray, Haml-l B. i. p. 329; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 43;

Gurney in Anderss. B. Dam. Ld. p. 181 ; Hurtl. Vog. Madag.

p. 178.
Platysteira senegalensis, Mont. P. Z. S. 1865, p. 95.
Batis pririt, Sharpe, Ibis, 1873, p. 168 ; id. ed. Layard, B. S. Afr.

p. 349, pi. X. figs. 2, 3 (c? 2 ) ; Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 199.

Adidt. nude. Indistinguishable from B. molitor in colour, but a
little smaller ; " iris light lemon-yellow on the inner edge, shading
off into greenish grey in the outer circle " (Andcrsson). Wiug 2-15.

Adult female. Above clear bluish grey, the rump mottled with
white ; sides of neck and nuchal spot clear orange-buff ; a narrow
superciliary line of white from the base of the bill ; lores, feathers
round the eye, ear-coverts, and sides of upper neck black ; wings
and tail as in B. molitor ; throat and entire breast clear orange-
buff ; abdomen and under tail-coverts white ; flanks mixed with
blackish; thighs black; bill and feet black. Total length 3-8
inches, culmen 0*5, wing 2-2, tail 1-7, tarsus 0-7.

Hah. South Africa.

a,b.S2 'id. sk. Damara Laud. C. J. Andei-sson, Esq. [C.].

c. 5 ad. sk. South AlVica. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

d. $ ad. sk. Colesberg {Ortlepp). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
e,f. cJ ad. sk. Ovaquenyama, Damai-a R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

Land, June 1867 ( C. J.

Andcrsson).
g. 2 ad. sk. Otiimbinque, July 7, R. B. Shai'pe, Esq.

1866 (C. J. A.).
k, i. (S $ ad. sk. Swakop river (C. J. A.). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
k. 2 ad. sk. West of Tjobis, April 3, R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

l8Go {C. J. A.).
I. d ad. .sk. Elephant Vlev, Sept. 5, R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

1859 (C. J.' A.),
m. 2 ad. sk. Benguela. J. J. Monteiro, Esq. [C.].

7. Batis rainima.

riatvstiia minima, J. ^- E. Verr. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1855, p. 219 ;

Hard. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 95 ; id. J.f. 0. 1861, p. 169; Graij, Hand-l.

^. i. p. 329.
Batis minima, Sharpe, Ihig, 1873, p. 169.

Adult. Above cinderj- black, the lower back and rump slightly
mottled with white ; no perceptible nuchal spot ; lores white ; sides
of the face black like the crown ; entire throat and sides of neck
white ; a broad pectoral baud of cindery black, rather more ashy in
shade ; rest of under surface white, the flanks varied with greyish
black ; under wing-coverts white ; wing black, the quills slightly
inclining to brown, the median and inner greater coverts white, as
also the margins to the inner secondaries, forming a continuous bar
of white down the wing ; tall black, the outermost feather white
along the outer web at the tip, running round on to the inner web,
the two next sliglitlv tipped with white ; bill black ; feet blackish

l2

140

MPSCICAriD^.

brown ; iris yellow. Total length 3-5 inches, culmen 0-45, wing
1-85. tail l-;i, tarsns 0-5.

Yonnq. Similar to the adult but browner, and having a few of
the feathers on the head and back margined with buffy white.

Hah. West Africa; Gaboon.

a. S fid. sic.
h. <S juv. sk.

Gaboon.
Gaboon.

M. Verreaiix.

R. R. Sharpe, Esq.

5. DIAPHOROPHYIA.

Piaphoropliyia, J?;). C. li. xxxviii. p. G.V3 (18.54).
Mviophila, ilarfhuih, Orn. W.-Afr. p. 9-5 (18.57) .

A^romvias, Heine, J. f. O. I860', p. 13.3

Stipln-omvias, Heine. J. f. O. 1860, p. 1-3.3

Tj-pe.

D. castanea.
D. castanea.
D. concreta.
U. concreta.

Head and wing of Diaphorophyia castanea r^ .
Range. Confined to Western Africa.

Key to the Species.

a. Abdomen white.

a'. Round the hind neck a white collar; rump

white castanea c? , P- 140.

b'. No white collar round the hind neck.

a". Upper surface chestnut ; head grey ; throat

chestnut castanea $ , p. 140.

b". Upper surface glossy oreenish black, as also

the throat; head uniform with the back. . bfisseifi S , P- 141.

b. Abdomen and entire under surface of body deep

orange-chestnut concreta, p. 142.

1. Diaphorophyia castanea.

Platystira castanea, Fraser, P. Z. 8. 1842, p. 141 ; Gray, Gen. B. i.

p.'257; Allen Si- Thorns. E.vp. Niqer, ii. p. 498; Fraser, Zool. Ti/p.

pi. .34. fig. 2 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 022.
Platystira leucopygialis, Fraser, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 142; Gray, Gen.

B. i. p. 25 ; Allen 4'- Thonis. E.rp. Nic/er, ii. p. 499 ; Fraser, Zool.

Ti/p. pi. 34. fig. 1 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 322; StricM. Contr. Orn. 1851,

p.' 163 ; J.SfE. J'erreatu; Per. et Maej. de Zool. 1851, p. .309 ; iid.

op. cit. 185.5, p. 418; Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 95; Cass. Pr. Philad.

Acad. 18.59, p. -50; Hartl. .7. f. O. 1861, p. 169; Gray, Hand-l. B.

i. p. 329; Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 480; id. P.Z. S. 1871, pp. 133,

610; id. Cat. Afr. B. p. 43; Peicheiww, J.f. O. 1877, p. 22.
Diaphorophyia leucopygialis, Bp. C. P. xxxviii. p. 353; Bocage,

Orn. Angola, p. 201 ; Sharpe ^- Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool. France,

1877, p, 479.
Agromyias leucopygialis, Heine, J.f. O. 1861, p. 133.
Diaphorophyia castanea, Sharpe, Ibis, 1873, p. 172.

5. DIAPHOROPHTIA. 141

Adult male. Crown of head and nape, as far as the centre of the
back, and wing-coverts glossy blue-black ; cheeks, ear-coverts, sca-
pulars, lower back, and rump pure silky white ; quills black, white
at the base of inner web, the secondaries very narrowly margined
with white externally near the base : upper tail-coverts and tail
glossy black ; under surface of body entirely pure white, with a,
broad blue-black band across the breast ; under wing-coverts exter-
nally black, the lower ones margined with white ; axillary tuft
white ; bill black ; feet brown ; iris yellow, eye-wattle bright
scarlet ; " feet brownish lilac ; eye-wattle dark lilac ; iris brownish
red" (FaUcenstein). Total length 3--1 inches, ciilmen 0-5, wing 2-3,
tail 1, tarsus O0.5.

Adult female Totally different from the male. Above chestnut,
the rump greyish, varied with white ; head bluish grey ; quills
brown, externally margined with chestnut ; tail blackish ; chin
white ; cheeks, throat, and breast chestnut ; a little spot of white
under the eye ; rest of under surface silky white, the flanks greyish ;
outer under wing-coverts chestnut ; axillary tufts white.

Young male. Chestnut like the old female, but having the head,
back, and chest mixed with black, indicative of the adolescent
plumage,

Hab. West Africa.

a,h. J $ ad. ; c. $ jun.sk. Clarence, Fernando Po. L. Fraser, Esq. [C.].

(Type of species.)
d,e. ^ ad.; f,fj. Jad. sk. YAuieeiGovernorUssher). R. B. .Sliarpe, Esq.
h. S ad. sk. Fantee. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

i. (S juv. sk. Fantee. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

A;, I. 5 ad. sk. Cameroous Mountains. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

Jan. & Feb. 1871 {A.

Cros-sky) .
m. J ad. sk. Gaboon. Purchased.

n. (S ad. sk. Inner Angola {Ha- R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

vnUon).

2. Diaphorophyia blissetti.

Platystira conereta, Hart/. J.f. O. 1861, p. 169.

Diaphorophyia blissetti, Sharpe, Ann. ^- Mag. N. H. (4) x. p. 451 ;

id. Ihu, 1873, p. 173.
Platystira blissetti, Reichen. J. f. O. 1875, p. 23.

Adidt. Above dark rifle-green, slightly metallic, the tail much
brighter and more metallic, the rump-feathers white at the base,
showing more plainly when the plumage is disarranged ; wing-
coverts rifle-green, a little more metallic than the back ; quills
blackish, externally margined with metallic green, more especially
the secondaries ; throat rifle-green, slightly metallic ; a tuft of
feathers occupying the cheeks and sides of the neck bright chestnut ;
under surface of body white, the flanks streaked with greyish ; under
wing-coverts black, axillary tuft white ; " bill black ; feet greyish
violet ; iris dark brown, with a fine white inner ring ; eye-wattles
clear blue-grey "(iifu•7^euo»'). Total length 3'5 inches, culracn 0*6,
wing 2-15, tail 0-95, tarsus 0'75.

142 MUSCICAPIDJi.

Toimg. Entirely grey above, the taU with a slight metallic green
gloss ; underneath white, the cheeks bright orange-rufous, and the
fore neck washed with the same colour.

Bab. AN^est Africa ; Gold Coast.

o r 2 1 ad. sk. Fantee. A. Swanzy, Esq. [P.].

L ¥ -I "^"^ (Type of species.)

b r d 1 ad. sk. Wassaw, March 1872 {H. R. B. tSharpe, Esq.

F. Blissett).

c. Juv. sk. Ashantee. J- Gould, Esq.

3. Diaphorophyia concreta.

PlatTstira concreta, Hartl. J. f. O. 18o5, p. 360.
Platystira (MyiopMla) concreta, Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 9o.
Stiphromvias concreta, Heine, J. f. O. IBUO, p. 133.
Myiophila concreta, Hartl. J.f. O. 18Gl,^p. 169.__
Diaphorophyia concreta, Sharpe, Ibis, 1873, p. 174.

Adult (type of species). General colour above dark grey with a
greenish gloss, the wing- coverts coloured like the back: ramp
white ; quills dusky brown, margined with ashy grey, lighter on
the primaries ; upper tail-coverts and tail greenish black ; lores con-
spicuously white ; in front of the eye a black spot, the feathers
below the eye and the ear-coverts black, the latter with a greenish
shade ; cheeks and throat white, washed with orange ; remainder of
under surface deep orange-chestnut, the under tail-coverts bu_ff;
under wing-coverts and inner lining of the quills white, the quills
ashy below. Total length 3-6 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 2-2, tail
0-95, tarsus 0-65. (Mus. Lugd.)

Hob. Ashantee.

Obs. I have lately examined the type of this species, and hnd that
it is apparently quite a distinct species, and is not the young of
D. bUssetti, as I imagined it might prove to be when writing my
paper on the genus in 1873.

6. BIAS. T, „

Type.

Bias, Lesson, Traits, p. 385 (1831) B. musicus.

Bill and foot of Bias musicus.
Range. Confined to Africa.

1. Bias musicus.

Platyi-hynchos musicus, rieill. K. Diet. d'Hisi. Nat. xxvii. p. 15;
Acher. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 136 ; id. Arch. Mtis. \n. p. 371.

6. BIAS. 143

Moucherolle noir et blaiic, Less. Traite, p. 255.

Mviagra flavipes, Stcains. Monogr. Flt/c. p. 255 ; Gray, Gen. B. i.
p. 261.

Muscicapa nui^ica, Gray., Gen. B. i. p. 203.

Bias rmisirus, Hartl. Orn. ll'.-Afr. p. 92, no. 281; Cass. Pr. Philad.
Acad. 185!), p. 50; Hartl. J.f. O. 1801, p. 168; Kirk, Ibh, 1864,
p. 319; Finsch ^- Hartl. Vog. Ostafr. p. 313, tab. iii. figs. 2,3;
iSharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 43; id. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 010; id. Ibis,
1871, p. 188; SJwlh'ij S^- Buckley, Ibis, 1872, p. 2SC-,; Ussher, Ibis,
1874, p. 60 ; Peicheii. J. f. O. 1875, p. 25 ; Boua'er, Cat. Ois.
Marchc, <^r. p. 19 ; Sharpe, ed. Layurd B. S. Afr. p. 337 ; id. Sf
Buuvicr, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. i. p. 308 ; Socage, Om. Angola, p. 189.

Smithornis mu,sica, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 324, no. 4871.

Adult male. General colour above glossj' rifle-green, the head
■with a long crest ; scapulars and the r\imp slightly mottled with
wliite subterminal spots to the feathers ; lesser and median wing-
coverts rifle-green like the back ; the greater series and the
secondaries black, margined externally with rifle-green ; the pri-
maries black, with white bases extending in a band across both
webs of all but the two outermost quills, on which this colour is
confined to the inner web only ; tail black, slightly glossed with
rifle-green on the edges of the feathers ; sides of face and of neck,
throat, and breast glossy rifle-green ; rest of under surface white,
the flanks mottled with black, with which all the feathers are
broadl}' margined ; thighs black ; under wing-coverts rifle-green
like the breast ; " bill black ; feet yellowish grey " {Eeichcnow).
Total length 6-2 inches, culmen O'So, wing 3"35, tail 2-05,
tarsus 0-5.

Adult female. General colour above chestnut, the tail entirely of
the latter colour ; all the wing-coverts chestnut like the back, as also
the secondaries ; primai-ics black for their terminal half, the basal
half chestnut ; head crested, blackish ; the hinder neck dusky
blackish, mottled with chestnut, the margins to the plumes being
of this colour ; ear-coverts black, slightly washed with chestnut ;
cheeks and under sm-face of body duU fawn-buff; the chin and
lower abdomen white ; the breast, flanks, under wing-coverts, and
inner lining of the quills chestnut ; the primaries blackish at tip ;
thighs chestnut. Total length 6 inches, wing 3"3, tail 2-1,
tarsus 0-5.

Hah. West Africa and the Zambesi district in South-eastern
Africa.

West Africa. Purchased.

West Africa. Purchased.

Fantee. E. B. Sharpe, Esq.

Fantee {Govei-nor Ussher). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

Abeokuta {H. Robin). F. Nicholson, Esq. [P.].
CameroonsMouiitaius,Feh.23, R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

1871 {A. Crosshy).

Gaboon. Purchased.

Landana, Congo. MM. Lucan & Petit [C.].

Nembao, Congo. MM. Lucan & Petit [C.].

Zambesi. Dr. Kirk [CI.

Tetp, Zambesi. Dr. Kirk [C.].

a.

2 ad. sk.

b.

cJ ad. St.

c.

c? ad. sk.

d.

2 ad. sk.

e.

<j ad. sk.

/•

cJ ad. sk.

ff-

2 ad. sk.

h.

(S ad. sk.

i.

2 ad. sk.

k.

2 ad. sk.

I,

m. S 2 ad. St.

144 MtTSCICAPII),^.

7. ARTOMYIAS.

Type.
Aytoniyias, /. ^- -E". Verr. J.f. O. 1856, p. 104 A. fuli{jinosa.

Bill of Artomyias futiginosa,
Jlanr/e. Couflned to Western Africa.

Key to the 8])enes.

a. Larger : above chocolate-brown ; below mottled

with dark-brown centres to the feathers fuliyinosa, p. 144,

h. Smaller: sooty black or dark brown; below uni-

foi-m greyish brown msheri, p. 144.

1. Artomyias fuliginosa. (Plate III. fig. 1.)

Ai'tomvias faliginosa, /. ^- E. Verr. J. f. O. 1855, p. 104 (Maa-ch) ;
Hartl. Om. W.-Afr. p. 93 ; Cass. Pr. Phil. Acad. 1859, p. 50 -,
Hartl. J. f. 0. 1861, p. 1G6 ; Bouvier, Cat. Ois. Marche, ^c. p. 19 ^
Sharpe 8i Bmmer, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, ISll , p. 479.

Butalis infiiscatus, Cass. Pr. PMlad. Acad. 1855, p. 326 (April).

Muscicapa infuscata, Hartl. Om. W.-Afr. p. 69; Gray, Hand-l. Bt
i. p. 324, no. 4832.

Muscicapa fuliginosa, Gray, Hmid-l. B. i. p. 324, no. 4861.

Adult. General colour above dark ckocolate-brown, with sligbt
mfous margins to the feathers of the back, rump, and upper tail-
coverts ; wing-coverts like the back ; quills dark brown, the
secondaries narrowly margined with lighter brown ; tail dark
brown ; sides of face chocolate-brown, the cheeks indistinctly
margined with fulvous ; under sirrfaee of the body light fulvous
brown, mottled all over with darker brown centres to the feathers,
those of the middle abdomen whity brown centred with darker
brown, the flanks rather more ritfous ; under tail-coverts dark
brown with a creamy-buff spot at the base, and tipped with whity
brown ; under wing-coverts brown edged with rufous ; quills dusky
brown below, with a narrow edging of light rufous to the inner
web. Total length 5*2 inches, culmen 0-35, wing 3'2, tail 2*05^
tarsus 0*55.

Hab. West Africa from Gaboon to the Congo,

a. Ad. sk. Gaboon. M. Verreaux, 1854. (? Type

of species.)

b. Ad. sk. Gaboon. M. Verreaux.

2. Artomyias ussheri. (Plate III. fig. 2.)

Artonivias ussheri, Sharpe, Ibis, 1871, p. 416, et 1872, p. 70 ; Ussher,

26i«,'l874, p. 60.
Artomyias fuliginosa, Rcichen. J.f. 0. 1875, p. 22 {nee Verr.).

8. PLAirsxiRA. 145

Adult (tyije of species). Sooty black ; below dark ashy, whitish
in the centre of the breast ; under tail-eoverts conspicuously mar-
gined with white; throat and lores whitish; cheeks washed with
whitish ; greater wiug-coverts and quills tipped with whitish ; bill
and feet blackish, brown in skin ; " bill and feet black ; iris dark
brown'' (Heichenoiv). Total length 4*7 inches, culmen 0"3, wing 3-1,
tail 2, tarsus 0-5.

Ohs. The wliite tips to the wing-coverts seem to be a sign of
immaturity, as the older birds aro uniform, and are distinguished
by the characters noted in the " Key."

Hub. Fanteo country in "Western Africa.

a. Ad. sk. Abrobonko, Fantee, Jan. 14, R. B. Sbarpe, Esq,

1871 (Governor Usshei'). (Type of species.)

b. Ad. sk. Fantee ( Ussher). R. B. feharpe, Esq.

c. d, e. Ad. sk. Fautee (Aubinn). R. B. Sbarpe, Esq.

8. PLATYSTIRA.

Type.
Platysteira, Jard. ^- Selhy, 111. Orn. ii. Addenda (c. 1830) . . P. cyanea.

Range. Confined to Africa.

Key to the Species.

With a line of white down the wing, formed by

the white greater coverts and the outer webs of

some of the inner secondaries.

«'. Throat entirely white as also the rest of the

imder surface, with a broad pectoral collar of

glossy black.

a". Forehead black like the crown cyanea cj , p. 145,

b". Forehead white dbifrons (S > p- 147.

b'. Throat and chest maroon j chin and rest of

under sm-face white cyanea 2 , p. 140.

Without any white bar on the wing,
c'. Throat and chest glossy greenish black; chin

and rest of under surface black peltata 5 , p. 147.

d'. Throat and under surface white, with a broad

pectoral collai- of greenish black peltata ^ , p. 147.

1. Platystira cyanea.
Gobe-mouche a collier du Senegal, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 370, pi. xxxvi.

Gobe-mouche a gorge rousse du SiSuegal; Buff". PI. Enl. v. pi. 5(37.

%3(?).
Muscicapa cyanea, P. L. S. Midler, S. Xat. Suppl. p. 170 : Cass. Pr.

PhU. Acad. 18G4, p. i'5G.
Collared Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. 1, p. 330 ($ ).
Muscicapa nielanoptera, Gm. S. N. i. p. i)39.
riatyrhvnchus collaris, JIahn u. Kiister, Vof/. aus Asian, ^-c. Lief xx.

Taf. 1 ; Bonn, ft Vieill. Enc. Mcth. ii. p. 836 ($) ; Jard. Sf Sclby,

III. Orn. i. pi. ix. fig. 1 (cJ).

146 mi-scicapid-t;.

Platyrbjiichus melaiiurhvuehus, i?0M«. et I'ieill. Enc. Meth. ii. p. 835

f dT).
Platyrhynchus desmaresti, Jard. ^- Selhj, III. Orn. i. pi. ix. fig. 2

Platystira coUaris, Jard. Sr Selhy, III. Orn. ii. Addenda.

Platystira de.?maresti, iid. I. c.

Platystira lobata, Swains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 49 ; id. Monogr. Fly-
catchers, p. 187, pi. xxii. ( 2 ) ; Jard. Contr. Orn. 1849, p. 8.

Platy.stira melanoptera, Hard. Orn. W.-Afr. pp. 93, 272 ; Cass. Pr.
Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 50; Hartl. J. f. O. 1861, p. 169; Finsch,
J. f. 0. 1869, p. 335 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1809, p. 189 ; id. P. Z. S. 1870,
p. "567 ; Shelley ^- Buckley, Ibis, 1872, p. 287 ; Bocage, Orn. Anyola,
p. 195.

Platystira cyanea, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 329 ; Sharpe, Cut. Afr. B.
p. 44; id. P.Z.S. 1871, p. 610; id. Ibis, 1873, p. 158; Sharpe
4- Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1876, p. 45 ; Reichenow, J.f. O.
1877, p. 22.

Adult mule. Upper surface deep glossy blue-black, with a very
slight greenish shade, inclining to grey on the rump, where the
feathers are long and fluffy ; the nape indistinctly mottled with
whitish, only seen on disarranging the feathers ; wing-coverts glossy
black like the back, the median ones white, forming a distinct bar
across the wing; quills greyish black, the primaries outwardly
margined with a narrow whitish line, broader and more conspicuous
on the outer secondaries, whence it is continuous with the alar bar
described above, the inner secondaries glossed with dark green, one
or two of the longer ones just tipped with whitish ; upper tail-
coverts and tail-feathers glossed with dark rifle-green above, blackish
below, all the feathers tipped with white, becoming broader on the
outer rectrices, and forming a conspicuous lateral border on the
outermost ones ; sides of the face like the upper surface of the body ;
cheeks and entire under surface of the body pure white, with a
conspicuous band of blue-black across the breast, the flank-feathers
long and silky ; tibial plumes black, tipped with white ; under
wing-coverts as well as the bases of the primaries white, the small
outer-coverts glossy blue-black, with a httle spot of white below
the carpal bend of the wing : bill black ; feet (in skin) blackish ;
wattle over the eye semicircular in form and bright scarlet in life.
Total length 4-8 inches, culmen 07, wing 2-5, tail 2, tarsus 0-75.

Adult female. Above dusky cinereous, with a slight gloss of
greenish, the rump lighter ; (juills and tail as in the male, the white
edgings very broad and conspicuous ; chin white ; throat and breast
deep maroon, bordered below with a narrow band of glossy black ;
rest of the under surface white ; under wing-coverts white, and the
wing-lining a little lighter than in the male ; eye-wattle a little
paler than in the male.

Young male. Eesembles the old female in the colour of the upper
parts and in having more or less maroon on the throat. As this gra-
dually disappears the black pectoral band makes its appearance ; thus
Bpecimens are met with in every change of i)lumage as regards the
amount of rufous on the throat. Immature birds, however, may

a.
b.

e.

f.

y-
t.

k.

2 ad. St.
2 ad.; c,
^ ad. sk.
2 ad. sk.
S ad.; h.
cJ ad. sk.
2 ad. sk.

I

2 juv. sk.

VI

. 2 ad. sk.

8. rLATYSTlKA. 147

always be told by the fulvous edgings to the wings and wing-coyerts ;
the underparts are dusky white, the flanks conspicuously greyish.
Hab. Western Africa.

River Gambia.
(1. Juv. sk. River Gambia. R. B. Sbarpe, Esq.

River Gambia (Lai/ard). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
Sierra Leone (L. Fraser). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
c^ juv. sk. Fantee. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

CapeCoiist(II.F.Blissett). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
Elmina, May 1872 (H. F. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

Blissett).
Yancoomame {H.F.Blis- R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

sett).
Connor's Hill, Cape Coast, R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
Nov. 12th, 1870 (Goyer-
nor Usslier).

n d ad. sk. Sweet River, Fantee, R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

Dec. 30, 1870 (Gover-
nor Ussher).
o,p. d 2 ad. ; q. Juv. sk. Abeokuta {H. Rohin). F. Nicholson, Esq.

r, s. (S ad., 2 juv. sk. Cameroons {A. CrossUy). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

2. Platystira albifrons.

Platystira melanoptera, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 566 (tiec Gm.).
Platystira albifrons, Sharpe, Ibis, 1873, p. 159 ; Bocage, Orn. Angola,
p. 196.
Adult male. Similar to P. cyanea, but distinguished by a white
line across the forehead. Total length 4-8 inches, culmen 0-6,
wing 2-3, tail 2, tarsus 0-75.
Bab. Angola.

a. Ad. sk. River Loge, Angola. J. J. Monteiro, Esq. [C.].

(Type of species.)
6. Ad. sk. River Loge. J. J. "Monteiro, Esq. [C.].

3. Platystira peltata.

Platystira peltata, Sitridev. (Efv. K. Vet.-Akad. Fork. Stockh. 1850,
p. 105 ; Larjard, B. S. Afr. p. 142 ; Grmj, Hand-l. B. i. p. 329 ;
Sharpe, Ibis, 1873, p. 160, pi. iv. ligs. 2, 3; id. ed. Lagard B. S.
Afr. p. 345, no. 333.

Adult male. Above rifle-green, the lower back and rump rather
more greyish ; wing-coverts rifle-green like the back ; quills blackish,
the primaries margined with grey, the secondaries with rifle-green ;
tail black, glossed with greenish above and just tipped with white ;
sides of face and pectoral band rifle-green ; rest of under surface
white, the flanks shaded with greyish ; axillary tuft rifle-green ; under
wing-coverts white, the edge of the wing rifle-green; eye-wattle
Bcarlet ; bill black ; iris yellow. Total length 4-9 inches, culmen
0-6, wing 2-55, tail 2-2, tarsus 0-8.

Adult female. Similar to the male, but more grey on the back ;

148 MCSCICAPID-E.

the entire throat and upper breast dark rifle-green, the chin and a
spot on the fore part of the cheeks white.
Hob. South-eastern xifrica.

a,b. [ c? 2 ] ad. sk. Zambesi. Dr. Kirk [C.].

9. NEWTONIA.

Newtonia, Schlegel S,- PuUen, Faun. Mcuhnj. p. 101 Type.

(1868) N. bnmneicauda.

Wing of Newtonia hnmncicauda.
lianye. Confined to Madagascar.

1. Newtonia briuineicauda.

Ervtlirostenia bruuueicauda, A. Newton, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 180 ; U.

Neidon, Ibis, 18G3, p. 347.
Newtonia brunneicauda, Schl. P. Z. S. 18C6, p. 422 ; Schl. ^- Poll.

Faun. Madag. p. 101, pi. 18. fig. 3 ; Grandid. Rev. et Mag. de Zool.

1867, p. 38o; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 392; id. Cat. Afr. B. p. 42,

no. 390; Hartl. Vog. Madag. t^. 170 ; CoUett, Christ. Vid.-Selsk.

Forhandl. 1877, p. 6.
Pratincola avborea, Gray, Ha7ui-l. B. i. p. 228, no. 3280 (e.v Pollen,

MSS.).
Muscicapa bruuneicauda, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 323, no. 4846.
Saxicola arborea, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 392, footnote.

Adult male. General colour above ashy brown, the wing-coverts
uniform with the back ; primary-coverts dark brown ; quills dark
brown, the feathers edged with light brown ; tail ashy brown, the
centre feathers greyer ; lores ashy whitisb ; sides of face and ear-
coverts ashy brown like the back, the ear-coverts with whitish shaft-
lines ; under surface of body white ; the lower throat, chest, and
flanks pale fulvous, deeper on the latter, which are also shaded with
ashy brown internally ; iinder wing-coverts and axillarics light buff,
with which colour the quills are edged along the inner web ; " iris
yellowish white, tarsus greyish slate-coloiir" {Grandidier). Total
length 4-1 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 2-] 5, tail 1-7, tarsus 0-75.

Bab. Madagascar.

rt. Ad. sk.

Madagascar.

Purchased.

b. S ad. sk.

Madagascar.

Purchased.

c. Ad. sk.

Madagascar.

Sir Andrew Smith [P.].

10. MrsciCAPA. 149

10. MUSCICAPA.* Type.

Muscicapa, Linn. S. N. i. p. .S24 (17GG) M. gi-isola.

Butalis, Boie, Isis, 182G, p. 973 M. grisola.

* Tlie follo^ving species I liave not been able to determine : —

MUSCICAPA RIISI.

Museicapa riisi, Hurtl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 9G ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 322,
no. 482().

Above broHTiish olive, the head and nape more inclining to dull ashy ; tail
brownish rufous; upper tail-coverts brownish rufous ; sliafts of tlie fciil-feathers
below buffy white ; under surface of body bright pale bufTv rufous ; centre of
the abdomen white ; under wing-coverts buiF, quills dusky ; bill rather long,
slightly depressed ; feet lead-colour ; vibrissa; long. Total length 5j", bill 5|"',
wing 2" 10^'", tail 2" 4'", tarsus 10'". {Hartlaub.)

Hab. Aguapim districts of the Gold Coast.

MOSCICAPA M.\DAGASCARIEN'SIS.

Museicapa madagascariensis, Grandid. Bev. Zool. 1867, pp. 86, 255 ; Gray,
Hand-l. B. i. p. 321, no. 4819.

A species named by M. Grandidier, when travelling in Madagascar, as a sup-
posed new bird, but afterwards suppressed by him. What the species was really
synonymous with, has never been stated.

The following five species were described by Scopoli from the descriptions in
Sonnerat's Voyage and from Buffon, and have not since been identified. (Cf.

Tmccddale, I. c.)

MrsciCAPA C/ERULEOCEPnALA.

Le Gobe-mouche a tete bleuiitre de I'isle de Lu9on, Sonn. Voy. Nottv. Guin.

p. .57, pi. 2(). no. 1.
Museicapa ca;ruleocephala. Scop. Bel. Faun, ef Flor. Insuhr. p. 95, no. 106

{ex Sonn.) ; Waldin. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 184.
Museicapa cyanocephala, Gm. S. N. i. p. 94-3, no. 65 {ex Sonn.) ; v. Martens,

J.f. O. 1866, p. 11.

MUSCICAPA LUZONIENSIS.

Le Gobe-mouche noir de I'isle de Lu9on, Sonn. Voy. ]\"ouv. Guin. p. 59, pi. 27.

fig. 2.
Museicapa tessaeourbe. Scop. Bel. Faun, et Flor. Insuhr. p. 95, no. 108 {ex

Sonn.).
Museicapa luzoniensis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 942, no. 62 {e.v So7i7i.); Walden, Tr.

Z. S. is. p. 184.

MUSCICAPA MACRURA.

Le Gobe-mouche a tete bleue de I'isle de Lu90n, Sonn. Voy, Nouv. Guin.

p. .58, pi. 27. fig. 1.
Museicapa macroura, Scojy. Bel. Faun, et Flor. Insuhr. p. 95, no. 107 ;

Walden, Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 184.

MCSCICAPA PHILIPPINESSIS.

Le Moucherolle des Philippines, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. iv. p. 565.
Museicapa philippinonsis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 943, no. 63 ; v. Martens, J. f. 0.
18(W, p. 11, uo. 34; Walden, Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 184.

MuSCICAPA MANILLENSIS.

Le Gobe-mouclie a gorge jaune de I'isle de Lugon, Sonn. Voi/. Kouv. Guin.

p. 57, pi. 26. fig. 2.
Museicapa manillensis. Gm. S. iV. i. p. 943, no. 66 {ex Sonn.) ; Walden, Tr.

Z. S. is. p. 184.

150 MCSCICAPID^.

Erythrosterna, Bp. Conip. List B. Eur. and N. Ainer. Type.

p. 25 (1838) M. parva.

Sjnornis, Hodgson, P. Z. S. 1845, p. 26 M. albicilla.

Hedyniela, Simdev. CEfv. K. Vet.-Akad. Fiirh. Stockh.

1846, p. 225 M. atricapilla.

Ficedula, Sundev. Av. Meth. Tent. p. 2^ (1872, ex Briss.). M. atricapilla.

Bill of Muscicapn grisola.
Range. Throughout Europe, Aii'ica, and Asia, extending south
into the Molucca Islands, but not entering on the Australian region
proper.

Kl'ij to the Species.
a. With no white bar on the wing, and with no white
at base of tail.
a'. Breast white, with brown streaks ; under wing-
coverts and axillaries fawn-coloured.
a". Ashy bro-svu abave, the forehead perceptibly
lighter than the rest of the upper surface, and
hoary whitish m colour ; the head distinctly

mottled vdth streaks of darker brown grisola, p. 151.

h". Dark brown above, of a chocolate-colour, the
head obscurely mottled with scarcely per-
ceptible darker centres to the feathers, the
crown not lighter than the rest of the upper

surface griseisticta, p. 153.

b'. Breast miiform, without streaks.

c". General colour above brown, ashy grey, or

slate-colour : size large ; wjng 2'85 to 3*1

inches.

a'". Bill horn-brown, the base of the lower

mandible yellowish white.

a*. Under wing-coverts and axillaries brown,

upper surface brown aquatica, p. 154.

J'. Undpr wing -coverts ashy, axillaries , ^^,.„^g^,g ir4_

white ; general coloiu- above bluish . . j cinerascens, p. 155.
b'". Bill entirely horn-black, with no white
base to the lower mandible.
c*. Under wing-coverts and axilJaries ashy

grey ; upper surface light ashy gi-ey . . lugens, p. 155.
d'. Under wing-coverts and axillaries white ;

upper surface dark slaty grey modesta, p. 156.

d". Size small ; wing 2'7 inches : colour olive-
brown ; upper tail-coverts ochraceous brown sordida, p. 156.

b. With a white bar down the wing ; no white at base

of tail ; colour black above.

c'. No white collar round the hind neck atricapilla, p. 157.

d'. With a broad white collar round the hind neck collaris, p. 160.

c. With no white bar on the wing : base of tail white ;

throat orans:e-rufou3 or oranM.

10. MCSCICAPA. 151

e' . Orange of throat confined to the throat and fore
neck, not extending onto the breast ; no black
on sides of throat parva, p. 161.

f'. Orange of throat confined strictly to the throat,
the fore neck grey right across, separating the
red throat from the whitish breast and abdo-
men ; no black on sides of throat alhiciUa, p. 162.

g'. Throat and breast deep orange-rufous ; sides of

throat black " hyperythra, p. 163.

1. Muscicapa grisola.

Le Gobe-mouche, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 357, pi. xxxv. fig. 3 ; Dauhent. PI.

Erd. V. pi. 565. fig. 1.
Muscicapa grisola, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 328 ; Temm. Man. i. p. 152 ;

Nanm. Vog. Deutschl. ii. p. 216, Taf. 64. fig. 1 ; Roux, Orn. Prov.

pi. 149 ; Werner, Atlas, Insectimres, pi. 7 ; Brehn, Vog. Deutschl.

p. 222 ; Keys. u. Bias. Wirb. Eur. p. 195 ; 3Iacgill. Brit. B. iii.

p. 518 ; Tan: Brit. B. i. p. 1(54 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 262 ; SckL u.

iSusem. Vog. Bur. Taf. 19; Gould, B. Eur. ii. pi. 65; Scltl. Vog.

Nederl. pi. 115; Sundev. Sv. Fogl. pi. xvii. fig. 1; Hartl. Orn. TV.-

Afr. p. 97 ; Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 51 ; Lindenn. Vog.

Gricch. p. 116; Sarfl.J.f. O. 1861, p. 169; Schl. Vog. van Nederl.

pi. 11. fig. 1 ; Lai/ard. B. S. Afr. p. 148, no. 281 ; Gray, Hand-l. B.

i. p. 321, no. 4811 : Fbisch, fr. Z. S. vii. p. 245; Finsch S,- Hartl.

Vog. Ostafr. p. 300; mugl. Orn. NO. -Afr. i. p. 439; Shelley, B.

Egypt, p. "118; Neict. ed. Yarr. Brit. B. i. p. 220 ; Sharpe, P. Z._S.

1873, p. 71 ; Seve)-tz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 67 ; Dresser, B)is, 1876,

p. 188 ; id. B. Europe, pt. xlv. ; Blanf. East Persia, p. 143 ; Adam,

Str. F. 1873, p. 377.
Butalis grisola, Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 973 ; Nordm. in Demid. Voy.

Ru^sie Merid. iii. p. 199; Blyth, Cat. B. Mas. A. S. B.^.llo: Bp.

Consp. i. p. 317 ; Cab. 3Ius. Hein. Th. i. p. 52 ; Fritsch, Vrig. Eur.

tab. 24. tig. 4; Jaub. et Barth. Lap. Rich. Orn. p. 195; Degl. et
Gerbe, Orn. Eur. i. p. 583; Loche, E.rpl. Sci. Alger. Ois.W. p. 61 ;

Doderl. Avif. Sicil. p. 141 ; Bettoni, Ucc. Lombard, tav. (>9 ; Salvad.
Ucc. Ital. p. 57 : Gould, B. Gt. Br. ii. pi. 19 ; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B.

p. 42, no. 391 ; id. Ibis, 1872, p. 70; Gurney, in Anderss. B. Dam.

Ld. p. 129; Irby, B. Gibr. p. 102; Hume 8f Henders. Lahore to
Turk. p. 185 : Hnme, Str. F. 1875, p. 467, et 1876, p. 225 ; Butler,

t. c. p. 220 ; Hume, Str. F. 1877, p. 495 ; Sharjie et Bouvier, Bull.

Sac. Zool. France, 1877, p. 479.
Butalis montana, Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 221.
Butalis pinetorum, Brehm, t. c. p. 221.
Butalis africaua, Bp. C. R. xxxviii. p. 652.
Muscicapa africana, Gray, Hand-l. Ii. i. p. 321, no. 4812.

NcslliiKj. General colour above mottled, the feathers being yel-
lowish buff edged with blackish brown : wings dark brown, the
coverts spotted with buff in the centre, the greater series and the
secondaries rather broadly edged with fulvous-brown ; lores and
feathers over the eye fulvesceut ; sides of face brown, with yel-
lowish-buff centres to the feathers ; under surface white, the
feathers of the breast with brown edgings, producing a mottled
appearance.

The voung birds apposr to gain their full plumage before leaving

152 MrsciCAPiB-i:.

Europe, as a specimen killed in August has nearly completed his
adult dress, only a few remains of mottled plumage being apparent.
The young, when their feathers are fully moulted, do not appear to
differ in any way from the adults. The distinctness of the stripes
on the breast is a character that varies a good deal, and some speci-
mens are more rufescent in colour than others ; these may be the
newly moulted birds.

Adult. General colour brown, the forehead and crown of the head
broadly streaked with dark-brown centres to the feathers ; wing-
coverts brown, with whity-brown edges to the wing-coverts and
secondaries ; the primaries and primary-coverts dark brown, narrowly
margined with paler brown ; tail dark brown, with lighter brown
edges to the feathers ; lores and feathers in front of the eye dull
whitish ; round the eye a ring of huffy whitish feathers ; ear-coverts
brown ; cheeks duU white, longitudinally streaked with light brown,
broader on the sides of the throat, and forming an ill-defined malar
streak ; rest of under surface of body dull white, purer on the centre
of the abdomen, the chest shaded with light brown and narrowly
streaked with darker brown, these streaks becoming nearly obsolete
on the lower breast and Hanks, the latter being more uniform like
the sides of the breast ; thighs light brown ; under tail-coverts white ;
under wing-coverts orange-brown, shaded with darker brown in the
centre of the feathers ; quills ashy brown below, dull huffy white
along the inner webs ; bill brown, paler at base of lower mandible ;
feet black ; iris dusky bro.wn. Total length 5-4 inches, culmen 0-55,
wing 3-4, tail 2-45, tarsus -O^B.

Hab. The whole of Europe - in summer, ranging in winter into
tSouthern Africa and North*we"stern ;India.

a. Pull. sk. England. ... J. Goidd, Esq. [C.].

b,c. c? $ ad. st. Canibridgesliii'e. ■ Mr. J. Baker [C.l.

d. c? iuv. St. Cambiidgeshire. Mr. J. Baker [0.1.

e,f. Pull. St. Cambridgeshire. Mr. J. Baker [Cj.

ff. Pull. sk. Belgium. Brussels Museimi [C.].

h. Ad. sk. Tunis. L. FrasBr, Esq [C.].

i. c? ad. sk Ali Beg Keuy, Turkey (W. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

Pearce).

k. c? ad. sk. Bauias, Palestine. Canon Tristram [C.].

/. cJ ad. sk. Shiraz, Persia, Julv 1870. Capt. St. John [C.].

m. c? ad. sk. Ispahan, July 10, 1872. \V.T.Blanford,Esq.[C.].

n. 2 ad. sk. Saisau, Turkestan, May 30, Dr. Otto Finsch [C.].

1876.

o. Ad. sk. Raikote, Kattiawar, Sept. Major Hayes Llovd [P.].

14, 1871.

p, q. Ad. sk. Egvpt. Old Collection.

r. Ad. sk. Zoidla, June 13, 1868 ( W. P. B. Sharpe, Esq.

Jesse),

s, t. Ad. sk. Connor's Hill, Cape Coast R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

{Gov. Ussher).

u. Ad. sk. Fantee(6'ov. Ussher). R. B. Sharj^e, Esq.

I'. Ad. sk. Abeokuta (H. Rohhi). F. Nicholson, Esq. [P.].

IV. Ad. sk. Mombas, Y.. Africa ( Wake- R. li. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

feld).

10. MUSCICAPA. lo3

.r, I/, c? atl. ; s. Jiiv. sk. Oudonga, Ovampo IJ. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

Land, Nov. 186(3

(C. J. AndiTsson).
a', c? ad. .9k. Elephant Vley, Da- R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

mara Land, Oct. 19,

1859 (C. J. .4.).
//. 2 ad. sk. Pinetown, Natal, Feb. R. B. Shavpe, Esq. [P.].

4,187o(T. L.Ayres).
c'. Ad. sk. Natal. Dr. Gueinzius [C.].

2. Muscicapa griseisticta.

Biitalis manillensis, Bj). C. H. xxxviii. p. 652 (wee Muscicapa manil-

lensis, Gm. ex Sonn. ; nee Vieill. N. Diet. xxi. p. 470, ex Su7vierat) ;

Wakleti, Tr. Z. S. viii. p. 66, ix. p. 183 ; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc.

new series, i. p. 326 ; Ttceedd. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 694.
Hemichelidon fuliginosa, Sicinh. Ibis, 1860, p. 57 (nee Hodgs.).
Hemiehelidon griseosticta, Sivinh. Ibis, 1861, p. 330.
Butalis hypogrammica, Wallace, Ibis, 1862, p. 350 ; Walden, Tr. Z. S.

vii. p. G^.
Butalis griseosticta, Stoinh. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 288, 1866, p. 131, 1871,

p. 379'; David 8; Oustal. Ois. Chine, p. 122._
Muscicapa hj-pogrammica, Gray, Iland-l. B. i. p. 321, no. 4814.

Adult. Above brown, the head slightly mottled with darker cen-
tres to the feathers ; wing-coverts like the back, the greater series
with light ends to the feathers ; primary-coverts and primaries dark
brown, lighter on the edges of the feathers, the secondaries decidedly
paler on the margins : tail brown ; ear-coverts brown like the head ;
lores white ; cheeks also brown, mottled with white bases to the
feathers ; throat white, mottled with brown edges to the feathers,
especially along the moustachial line ; breast and sides of body
brown, the former with white edges to the feathers, imparting a
streaked appearance ; abdomen and under tail-coverts white ; thighs
white, with brown bases ; imder wing-coverts fulvous-brown, vrith
ashy bases to the feathers ; quUls brown, more ashy along the inner
webs ; " iris brown ; bill brown, with a little yellow at the base of
the lower mandible ; feet brown " (David). Total length 5-3 inches,
culmen 0-5, wing 3-25, tail 2-1, tarsus 0-5.

Ohs. Specimens differ in the distinctness of the markings on the
under surface, which is more striped with brown in some examples
than in others.

Hub. China, ranging southwards to the Philippines and the Mo-
luccas.

a. Ad. sk. Formosa. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.].

6. Ad. sk. Philippine Islands. Hugh Cuming, Esq. [CI.

c, rf, (?. Ad. sk. Mortv Island. A. R. Wallace, Esq. fC".

/. Ad. sk. E. Ceram. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

g. c7 ad. sk. Ceram. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

(T'i'pe of B. hypogrammica.)

154 MirsCICAPID.'E.

3. Muscicapa aquatica.

Museicapa aquatica, Heuql. J. f. 0. 18CA, p. 2o6 ; Grm/, Hand-l. B. i.
p. 322, no. 4830; Heugl.' Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 436, Taf. xviii.
fig. 2.

Adult male (Wau, January 1864, Heuglin). General colour above
ashy brown, the wings rather darker brown, with edgings of paler
brown to the greater coverts and the secondaries ; tail dull brown ;
in front of the eye a spot of dusky white ; eyelids and sides of face
ashy brown, with a slight reddish tinge ; throat white, the lateral
feathers slightly washed with pale brown ; breast and sides of the
body and under tail-coverts very pale ashy brown, the centre of the
abdomen and vent whiter ; thighs brown ; under wing-covcrts dull
brown, ■with lighter margins ; quills dull brown below, with lighter
brown margins to the inner webs ; " bill and feet black, the lower
mandible pale yellowish ; iris dusky " {Heuglin). Total length
5-1 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 2-65, tail 2-2, tarsus 0-55. {Mus.
Lugd.)

Adidt female. Not to be distinguished from the male (Heuglin).

Hob. Gazelle River, N.E. Africa ; Senegambia.

a. Ad. sk. River Gambia. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

4. Muscicapa caBrulescens.

Butalis, sp., Sclater, P. Z. S. 1864, p. 109.

Butalis cserulescens, Hartl. Ibis, 1865, p. 268.

Muscicapa cterulesceus, Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 148, no. 282 ; Gray,

Hand-l. B. i. p. 321, no. 4813; Fin'sch ^ Hartl. Vcig. Ostafr.

p. 303.
Muscicapa modesta, Bocaye, Jorn. Liah. ii. p. 43 (jiec Hartl.^.
Muscicapa cinereola, Finsch 8f Hartl. Voy. Ostafr. p. 302, Taf iv.

fig. 1 (type examined); Heuyl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 43 ; Bocage,

Jorn. Lisb. ii. p. 343, v. p. 24 ; id. Orn. Anyola, p. 202.

Adult male. General colour above dull blue-grey, the forehead and
cro-wn obscurely streaked with dark browTi down the centre of the
feathers ; wing-coverts grey like the back ; quills dark brown, ex-
ternally edged with grey, inclining to white on the extreme edge of
the primaries, and more distinct on the secondaries, which are other-
wise entirely grey ; tail ashy brown, with a very slight edging of
white at the tip ; from the base of the bill a line of buify white ex-
tending above the fore part of the eye ; in front of the latter a blackish
spot ; above and below the eye a spot of white, forming a tolerably
distinct superciliary mark, the spot below the eye larger and better
defined ; ear-coverts dull grey, with indistinct whitish shaft-lines ;
cheeks greyish, slightly mottled with whitish tips to the feathers ;
under surface of body dull grey, the throat and centre of the abdomen
purer white ; under tail-coverts ashy, with whitish tips ; thighs
greyish externally, dull white internally ; under wing-coverts ashy
whitish ; quills below dark brown, the inner webs whitish towards

10. MirsciCAPA. loo

their base ; bill and feet black ; iri:^ dark brown. Total length
5-3 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 2-95, tail 2-45, tarsus 0-7.
Hah. East Africa, Southern and South-western Africa.

a. Ad. St. Natal. Purchased.

b. $ ad. sk. Natal. Dr. Gueinzius [C.].

c. S ad. sk. Natal {T. Ayres). J. H. Gurney, Esq. [P.].

(Type of species.)

d. Ad. sk. Ombongo, Damara Land, R. 13. Sharpe, Esq.

June 22, 1859 (C. J.
Andersson).

Subsp. a. Muscicapa cinerascens.

Adult. Similar to M. ccendescens, but more ashy grey and not so
blue, especially on the sides of the face and breast ; differing from
the last-named species in being duller coloured, and in having a
longer and rather thinner bill ; biU horn-brown, with the base of the
lower mandible lighter yellowish. Total length 5-G inches, culmen
0-5, wing 2-8, tail 2-2, tarsus 0-G5.

Uab. Gold Coast.

a. Ad. sk. Fantee {Governor Ussher). R. B. Sharps, Esq.

5. Muscicapa lugens.

Butalis lugens, Hartl. P. Z. ,S. 1860, p. 110; id. J. f. O. 1861,

p. 169.
Muscicapa lugens, Grai/, Hand-l. B. i. p. 321, no. 4817 ; Finsch (§■

Hartl. Viig. Ostafr. p. 302; Reichen. J.f. O. 1875, p. 22 ; Socage,

Orn. Angola, p. 203.

Adult (type of species). General colour above uniform blue-grey,
the forehead and crown slightly mottled with blackish centres to the
feathers, the upper tail-coverts browner with blue-grey margins ;
wings black, the wing-coverts broadly edged with blue-grey, the
secondaries with ashy grey, paler at the tips of the feathers ; primary-
coverts and primaries uniform blackish brown ; tail-feathers dark
brown, edged with grey near the base, and very slightly tipped with
white ; lores ashy whitish ; feathers in front of the eye dusky ; cheeks
and ear-coverts dusky grey, the latter slightly streaked with whitish ;
throat whitish ; sides of neck, breast, and sides of body ashy grey,
the belly and under tail-coverts white ; thighs grey ; under wing-
coverts ashy grej", the wing-coverts whitish at tip ; quills ashy below,
with brown edgings along the inner webs ; bill dark brown, the lower
mandible lighter. Total length 5"5 inches, culmen 0"6, wing 2"85,
tail 2"3.5, tarsus 0*55.

01)!^. In 1859 the late Mr. Cassin noticed a species of Flycatcher
from the Camma, but was unable to determine it. This he did, no
doubt, advisedly, knowing the difRciiltj' in identifying the species of
this genus ; but Mr. Heine, without ever seeing the bird, gave a name

M 2

156 jirscicAPrD-T;.

to it from the descrijition of Mr. Cassin*. The latter is copied out
below, and I am unable to identify the species ; the black bill sug-
gests the probability of its being the same as M. hic/ens, but then the
under wing-coverts are described as " ashy white," which is like M.
C'Prulescens. The tj-pe will have to be re-examined, as the descrip-
tion is vague.

Hah. West A&ica.

a. Ad. sk. Bembe, Angola. J. J. Monteiro, Esq. [C.].

(Type of species.)
6, c. Ad. sk. Elobe district, Gaboon. Henry Ansell, Esq. [P.].

6. Muscicapa modesta.

Muscicapa modesti, Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 90 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i.
p. 322, no. 4827.

Adult. Upper surface dark slaty grey, the tail uniform with the
back, the wing-feathers dark brown, externally slaty grey like the
back, the primaries margined with hoary grey ; in front of the eye
a conspicuous white spot ; under surface of body white, the bases to
the feathers greyish ; sides of breast and flanks grey ; imder wing-
coverts white, the feathers grey at base ; quills ashy brown below,
white along the inner web ; thighs white, with dusky grey bases.
Total length 5-3 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3-1, tail 2-6, tarsus 0-7.

Hab. Gaboon,
rt. Ad. sk.f River Danger, Gaboon. Henry Ansell, Esq. [P.],

7. Muscicapa sordida.

Erythrosterna sordida, Godwin-Austen, J. A. S. B xliii. p. 158 ;
Hume, Str. F. 1875, p. 392.

Adult (type of species). General colour above olive-brown, with a
greenish tinge, rather yellower on the lower rump, and inclining to
ochraceous brown on the upper tail-coverts ; least and median wing-
coverts like the back, the greater series dark brown edged with
olive and narrowly tipped with whitish ; primary-coverts and quiUs

* Muscicapa cassini.

Muscicapa, sp., Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 51.

Muscicapa cassini, Hei7ie, JJ. 0. 1860, p. 428 ; Hartl. J.f. 0. 1861, p. 170 ;
Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 322, no. 4829.
Adult male. Upper parts clear bluish ashy, lighter on the rump, and with
longitudinal lines of brownish black on the head; throat and abdomen white ;
breast pale ashy, nearly the same as the back, the under wing-coverts ashy
white, the quills and tail brownish black ; an obscure line of ashy white in front
of the eye ; bill and feet black.

Young male. Upper parts cinereous, many feathers with large terminal spots
of dull yellowish ; imder parts dull white, with spots and edgings of brownish
black ; tail black, narrowly tipped with white. Total length about 5 inches,
wing 2|, tail 2 J. (Cassin.)
Hah. Gamma River, Gaboon,

t In bad condition.

10. MUSCICAPA. 157

dark brown edged with olive, inclining to ocliraceous on the inner
secondaries ; tail ashy brown, strongly washed with olive on the
outer webs; lores and a distinct ring round the eye dull whitish ;
ear-coverts and sides of face olive-brown, with distinct shaft-lines
of buffy white ; cheeks and under surface of body ashy, strongly
washed with olive, and with an ochraceous tinge on the fore 2ieck,
sides of breast, and flanks ; thighs ashy brown ; under wing-coverts
and axillaries pale yellowish buff; quills ashy brown below, yel-
lowish buff along the inner webs. Total length 4-6 inches, cidmen
0-4, Trtdng 2-7, tail 2-2, tarsus 0-65. (Mus. Godwin-Austen.)
Hab. :N'aga Hills.

8. Muscicapa atricapilla.

The Pied Flycatcher.

The Cold Finch, Echcards, Nat. Hist. Birds, i. p. 30, pi. oO.

Le Gobe-mouche noir, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 381.

Le Becfigue, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 369 {ptU. autumn.) ; Daubent. PI.

Enl. vi. pi. 6(38. fig. 1 ; Sundev. Av. Meth. Tent. p. 23.
Le Traquet de I'Angieterre, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 436 {ex Edwards).
Le Gobe-mouche noir de Lorraine, Daubent. PI. Enl. v. pl. 565.

figs. 2, 3.
Muscicapa atricapilla, Linn. S. N. i. p. 320 ; Eoux, Orn. Prov. pl. 150 ;

Brehm, Vog. DeutscJd. p. 224; Nordm. in Demid. Vay. Buss.

Ilerid. iii. p. 198 ; Ect/s. u. Bias. Wirb. Eur. p. 196 ; Yarr. Brit.

B. i. p. 169 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 202 ; Blyth, Cat. B. Mits. A. S. B.

p. 175 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 317 ; Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 52 ;

Schl. Vog. Xederl. pl. 116; Sunden. Sr. Fogl. pl. 17. figs. 2, 3;

Fritsch, Vog. Europ. tab. 21. fig. 6, tab. 24. fig. 5 : Jaub. et Barth.

Lapom. Rich. Orn. p. 193 ; Linderm. Vog. Griechenl. p. 166 ; Sold.

Voq. van Nederl. pl. 11. figs. 2, 3 ; Loche, Etpl. >S'ci. Ak/er. ii.

p. 58 ; Goidd, B. Gt. Br. ii. pl. 17 ; Grag, Hand-l. B. i. p. 321,

no. 4821; Heiigl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 438; Sakad. Ucc. Ital.

p. 55; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 42, no. 395; Shelley, B. Eqi/pt,

p. 119; Newton, ed. Yarr. Br. B. p. 229; Irbg, B. Gibr. p. 'lOl ;

Dresser, B. Eur. ^a.rts'i5,?>(j; Blanf. East Persia,'^. 143; Bocage, Orn.

Angola, p. 202 ; Sharpe ^- Bouvier, Btdl. Soc. Zool. France, i. p. 32.
Motacilla ficedula, Linn. S. N. i. p. 330.
Emberiza luctuosa, Scop. Ann. i. p. 146 ; Bechst. Naturg. Detdschl.

iv. p. 501, note,
Muscicapa maculata, P. L. S. Midi. Syst. Nat., Anhang, p. 171 ; Cass,

Pr. Philad. Acad. 1864, p. 256.
Sylvia ficedula, Lath. hid. Orn. ii. p. 517.
Muscicapa nmscipeta, Bechst. Naturg. Deutschl. iv. p. 502 ; Brehm,

Vog. Drtdsvhl. p. 226.
Muscicapa luctuosa, Teinm. Man. 1815, p. 101 ; Naum. Vog. Deutschl.

ii. p. 231, Taf. 64. figs. 2-4; Werner, Atlas, Insectivores, pl. 9;

Brehm, Vog. Detdschl. p. 225; Macgill. Brit. B. iii. p. 524; Gvidd,

B. Eur. ii. pl. 63. fig. 1.
i\Iuscicapa alticeps, Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 225.
Muscicapa fu.scicapiUa, Brehm, V. D. p. 226.
IVluscicapa atrogrisea, Brehm, V. D. p. 226.
Jfuscicapa picata, Swain.t. Monot/r. F/i/c. p. 254; Ilartl. Orn. IV.- Afr.

p. 97 ; Orag, Hand-l. B. i. p.' 322, no. 4828.
Ilcdvniela atricapilla, Sunder. (Efv. K. Vct.-Ahad. Forh. StocUh.

1846, p. 225.

158 MUSUICAPIDJE.

Muscicapa speciiligera, Bp. Consp. i. p. 017 (e.r Selus-Lonch. MS.) ;

Hartl. J.f. O. 1861, p. 169 ; Loche, Expl. Set. Alger. Ois. ii. p. 60;

Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 322, no. 4825.
Muscicapa speculifera (lapsu), Schl. Vog. Nederl. p. 225.
Muscicapa nigra, Degl. et Gerbe, Orn. Eur. i. p. 580.
Ficedula atricapilla, Sund. Av. Meth. Tent. p. 23 ; Collett, Vid. Selsk.

Forh. Christiania, 1872, p. 198.

Nestling. General colour above reddish brown, with dark brown
edgings to the feathers, which are all mottled with large subter-
minal spots of pale ochraceous buff, smaller on the head ; wings
brown, the median coverts with ochraceous buff tips, the greater
series tipped with buify white ; the three inner secondaries exter-
nally buffy white, forming a bar down the wing ; tail-feathers
blackish, the two outer feathers white along the outer web, extend-
ing even to the inner web on the outermost feather ; ear-coverts
pale yellowish brown ; lores and feathers round the eye buffy white ;
cheeks and under surface of body dull white, washed with ochra-
ceous hnS. on the chest, the feathers of which have darker brown
margins.

Young male (Stockholm, Aiig. 15, 1845). Similar to the old
female, but differing in the amount of white in the tail, which is
greater than in the old hen bird.

Young male (in second year, May 20, 1855). More of a greyish
brown than the old female, but not black like the old male, which
it nearly resembles as regards the amount of white in the wings
and tail ; lores, feathers in front of eye, and ear-coverts shaded with
black, the white frontal mark very indistinct ; under surface of body
white, with a slight ochraceous tinge on the breast and flanks ;
thighs brown ; under wing-coverts and axillaries ochraceous buff.

Adult male. General colour above black, with here and there a
shade of brown, probably remains of previous plumage ; wing-
coverts black, some of the older feathers brown, the median series
tipped with white, the inner greater coverts entirely white ; pri-
mary-coverts entirely dark brown ; quills dark brown, the inner
primaries with a white spot at the base of the outer web, the secon-
daries with a conspicuous fawn-coloured spot at the base of both
webs; the inner secondaries white at the base, increasing in extent
on the innermost, which are white, with more or less black towards
the end of the feather ; tail blackish, the three outer feathers marked
with white, the outermost being almost entirely white, with brown
shaft and a brown mark near the tip of the inner web, the penulti-
mate one being white on the base and on the outer web, the brown
on the inner web more extended and occupying the greater part of
the latter, the third feather brown with an edging of white on the
outer web and near the base of the inner one ; forehead white ;
lores, feathers round the eye, and ear-coverts black ; cheeks and
under surface of body white, the thighs black at the base of the
feathers ; under wing-coverts and axillaries white, with blackish
bases to the feathers ; lower series of coverts and quills below ashj'
brown, whitish along the edge of the inner web ; " bill and legs

10. MT7SCICAPA. 159

black ; iris brown." Total length 5*5 inches, culmen 0-4, wing
3'15, tail 2*15, tarsus 0-7.

Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above
warm brown, the least wing-covcrts like the back ; median and
greater series blackish brown, externally edged with the same
brown as the back, the median coverts tipped with whity brown,
tho greater series with creamy white ; primary-coverts entirely
blackish brown ; quills blackish brown, the innermost secondaries
broadly edged with white, the secondaries with a creamy white spot
at base, concealed by the tips of the greater coverts, the inner pri-
maries with a small white spot near the base of the outer web ;
upper tail- coverts black ; tail blackish brown, the three outer
feathers with a broad white mark on the outer web, gradually less
on the penultimate and third feathers ; forehead ochraceous buff ;
in front of the eye a dull white spot ; ring of feathers round the
eye light ochraceous buff; sides of face and ear-coverts ochreous
brown, mottled with pale fulvous-brown spots on the feathers ;
checks and throat pale ochraceous brown, shading gradually oft' into
the pure white of the abdomen and under tail-coverts ; thighs
white ; throat whitish in the centre ; sides of body light ochraceous
brown ; under wing-coverts and axillaries ochraceous buff, the former
with dusky bases ; quills dark brown below, whitish along the inner
web. Total length 5-1 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 2-95, tail 2*1,
tarsus 0-65.

Hab. Europe generally, extending eastwards to Persia, and in
winter ranging into Africa.

Yorkshire. Mr. J. Baker.

Halifax, Yorkshire {Mr.

Parke).
Stockholm, Aug. 15, 184-5. Purchased.
Stockholm, May 20, 1855. Purchased.
Heligohmd, May 1877 (i. Henry Seebohm,Esq. [P.].

Gdtkc).
Belgium, May 18, 1848. Brassels Museum [P.].
Belgium, Sept. 15, 1871. Brussels Museum [P.J.
Piedmont.
Valencia, Spain, April 21, Henry Seebohm, Esq. [P.].

1872 (H. Saunchrs).
Europe.
Europe.

Algiers. Purchased.

River Gambia.

Kiver Gambia. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

Persia.

Persia. Purchased.

Karij Valley, ElburzMoun- W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C.].

tains, N. Persia, 7000 ft.,

Aug. 10, 1672.

a.

Pull.

St.

6,

c. c?5

! ad. St.

d.

6 ju^

'. sk.

e.

J imm. sk.

f. d ad.

sk.

9-

6 ad.

sk.

h.

2 ad.

sk.

i.

Jiiv. sk.

k.

$ ad.

sk.

I,

m. 5 ;

ad. sk.

n.

? ad,

St.

0.

6 ad.

St.

P-

c? ad.

sk.

I-

.lun. i

5k.

r.

2 ad.

St.

s.

6 ad.

sk.

t.

$ ad.

sk.

160 ■ MUSCICAPID^.

9. Muscicapa coUaris.

The Collared Flycatcher.

Muscicapa atricapilla, Jacquin. Bcytr. p. 41, tab. 18 {nee L.).

Muscicapa collaris, Bechst. Nature/. Dcutschl. iv. p. 495 ; id. Orn

Taschenh. p. 158 ; Nordm. in Demid. Voy. Buss. Merid. iii. p. 198

Kjcerh. Orn. Dan. Taf. 15 ; Cab. Mus. Ilein. i. p. 52 ; Bp. Consp.

i. p. 317; Sundev. Sv. For/l. pi. 18. fig. 4; Jaub. et Barth. Lap

Rich. Orn. p. 194; Schl. Vog. van Nederl. pi. 11. fig. 4; Degl. et

Gerbe, Orn. Eur. i. p. 381 ; Locke, JE.ipl. Sci. Alger. Ois. ii. p. 58 ;

Grag, Hand-l. B. i. p. 322, no. 4822 ; Doderl. Avif. Sicil. p. 141 ;

Salvad. Ucc. Ital. p. 55; Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i.p. 438; Goidd,

B. Gt. Br. ii. pi. 18; Shelley', B. Egypt, p. 120; Dresser, B. Eur.

pt. 34 ; Blanf. East Persia, p. 143.
Muscicapa albicollis, Temin. Man. d!Orn. p. 100 ; Naum. Vog,

Deutschl. ii. p. 224, Taf. 65. figs. 1, 2 ; Werner, Atlas, Insectivores,

pj.8; Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 224; Gould, B. Eur. ii. pi. 63.

figs. 2, 3 ; Keys. u. Bias. Wirb. Eur. p. 196 ; Gray, Gen. B. i.

p. 262; Schl. ti. Susem. Vog. Eur. Taf. 13; Schl. Vog. Nederl.

pi. 117 ; Frifsch, Vog. Eur. tab. 21. fig. 10, tab. 24. fig. 3 ; Linderm.

Vog. Griechenl. p. 116.
Muscicapa streptophora, Vieill. Faune Franq. p. 145 ; Roux, Orn.

Pi-oi: pi. 151.
Muscicapa albifrons, Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 223.
HedTUiela collaris, Sundev. (Ejfv. K. Vet.-Ahad. Fork. Sfockh. 1846,

p.' 225.
Muscicapa melanoptera, " Hechel,"' J. F. Namnann, Vog. Deutschl.

xiii. p. 245, Taf. 351 ; Salvad. Ucc. Ital. p. 312.
Muscicapa coUaris albifrons, A. E. Brehm, Verz. Samml. C. L.

Brekm, p. 3.
INIuscicapa collaris microrhj-ucha, id. t. c. p. 3.
Muscicapa collaris atrostriata, id. t. c. p. 3.

Adult male. General colour above black, the lower back and rump
ashy grey, somewhat mottled with white bases to the feathers ;
wings black, with conspicuous white bases to all of them ; the inner-
most secondaries white along their outer webs, so as to form a bar
down the wing, the three innermost quills being white with a black
tip, the black increasing as they near the back ; upper tail-coverts
black, with obsolete grey tips ; tail-feathers black, with the external
feathers white along the outer web ; round the hind neck a white
collar ; on the forehead a white patch ; a narrow frontal line, lores,
and sides of face black ; cheeks and entire under surface of body
white ; thighs black ; under wing-coverts white, Avith dusky blackish
bases ; quills blackish, with a distinct patch of white at the base.
Total length 5-2 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 3-25, tail 2-1, tarsus 0-7.

Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above
ashy brown, greyer on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; wing-
coverts dark brown, externally shaded with ashy, the greater series
broadly tipped with white ; primary-coverts dark brown ; quills
dark brown, the primaries white at the base, forming a speculum ;
the innermost secondaries white at base and along the outer web,
forming a bar down the wing ; upper tail-coverts blackish, with
ashy margins ; tail-feathers black, edged with ashy brown, the

in. MCSCICAPA. 161

three outer feathers externally white, the entire outer web of the
external feather white ; feathers at base of forehead, lores, and
feathers round the ej-e huffy white ; ear-coverts a little darker ashy
brown than the head ; checks and under surface of body ashy
fulvous, the abdomen and under tail-coverts white ; thighs ashy
fulvous ; under wing-coverts and axiUaries buffj' white, with dusky
bases to the inner webs ; quills dull brown below, whitish along the
inner web. Total length 5-2 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 2'2, tail 2-1,
tarsus 0-(35.

Hub. Central and Southern Europe.

a. (S ad. st. Europe.

h. (S ad. sk. Smyrna, April 15, 1872 {Dr. Henry Seebohm, Esq. [P.].
Kr'dper).

c. 2 ad.sk. Taurus Mountains, Asia Minor, Henry Seebohm, Esq. [P.].
Nov. 18, 1876 {C. G. Dan-
ford).

10. Muscicapa parva.

The Red-breasted Flycatcher.

Muscicapa parva, Bechst. Naturg. Deutschl. iv. p. 505 ; Teimn. Man.

i. p. 158 ; Naum. Vog^ Deutschl. ii. p. 241, Taf. 65. fig. 3 ; Werner,

Atlas, Inseciivares, pi. 10; Brehm, Vog. Deutsc/il. ■p. 227; Gould,

B. Eur. ii. pi. 64 ; Nordm. in Demid. Voy. Buss. Merid. iii. p. 190 ;

Keys. u. Bias. Wirb. Eur. p. 195 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 262 ; Kjcerb.

Orn. Dan. pi. 15; Sclil. u. Susem. Voc/. Eur. Taf. 18; Sundev. Sv.

Fogl. pi. 68. fig. 5 ; Fritsch, Vog. Eur. tab. 24. fig. 15, tab. 25. fig. 1 ;

Linderm. Vog. Griechenl. p. 117 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. .322,

no. 48.39 ; Newt. ed. Tan: Br. B. i. p. 224; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn.

p. 188 ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 188 ; id. B. Eur. parts 41, 42.
Muscicapa lais, Hempr. Sr Ehr. Symb. Phys. fol. t ; Heugl. Orn. N. O.-

Afr. p. 4.34.
Muscicapa rufogulavis, Brelnn, Vog. Deufsckl. p. 228 (jiec KuJd).
Muscicapa minuta, Hornsch. ^- Schill. Verz. Vog. Pomm. 1837,

P- •
Erythrosterna parva, Bp. Comp. List B. Eur. ^ N. Amer. p. 25 ; id.

Consp. i. p. 318 ; Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 53 ; Jaub. et Barth. Lapomm.

Rich. Orn. p. 196, pi. 12 ; Deql. et Gerhe, Orn. Eur. i. p. 584; Goidd,

B. Gt. Br. ii. pi. 20 ; Loche, ' E.rpl. Sci. Alger. Ois. ii. p. 62 ; Salvad.

Ucc. Ital. p. 56 ; Blanf. East Persia, p. 144 ; JLmie, Sir. F. 1873,

p. 179 ; Adam, t. c. p."377 ; Ball, Sfr. F. 1873, p. 405 ; Hume, Str.

F. 1875, p. 469 : Brooks, Str. F. 1876, p. 273; Fairb. t. c. p. 257 ;

Blanf. Str. F. 1877, p. 484.
Erythrosterna parva ruficollis, A. E. Brehm, Verz. Saminl. C. L.

Brehm, p. 3.
Erythrosterna parva rufigularis, id. t. c. p. 3.

Adult male. General colour above ashy brown, the forehead,
sides of face, and ear-coverts grey, this colour also extending onto
the sides of the neck ; lores hoary whitish : round the eye a ring of
Avhitc feathers ; wing-covcrts ashy brown like the back ; quills dark
brown, externally ashy brown, the primaries narrowly edged with
this colour : upper tail-covorts dark brown like the tail ; two centre
tail-fcalhcrs dark brown, the remainder for the greater part white,

162 MUSCICAPID^.

dark brown for the terminal third and for a little distance along the
outer web ; cheeks, throat, and fore neck clear orange ; remainder
of under surface white, the sides of the body inclining to buif, the
thighs more ashy ; under wing-coverts fulvous like the sides of the
body ; quills brown below, fulvescent along the inner web ; " bill
horn-brown, lighter at base of lower mandible ; legs dark brown ;
iris brown " (Dre.^ser). Total length 5"1 inches, culmeu 0*4, wing
2'6, tail 2, tarsus 0-65.

Adult female. Different from the male. Brown above, with no
grey on the head or neck, the sides of face and ear-coverts also
brown ; wings brown, the greater coverts and quills with edgings of
lighter brown ; throat, chest, and sides of body suffused with yel-
lowish buff, the abdomen and under tail-coverts white. Total
length 4"9 inches, wing 2-6, tail 2, tarsus 0-Go.

Young. Mottled all over ; ochraceous above, all the feathers
edged with dusky brown, the rump and upper tail-coverts lighter ;
wings brown, the upper wing-coverts tipped with spots of ochra-
ceous, the quills edged with rufous-brown ; ring round the eye and
sides of face light ochraceous, as also the under surface of body, the
breast-feathers edged with dusky ; tail as in adult.

Hab. Central and South-eastern Europe, ranging into North-
western India.

a. Pull. sk. Europe. Purchased.

b. c? ad. sk. Belgrade, Turkey, March 1873 R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

(T. Sobson). [P.].

c. 2 ^<l-)^>^)/- Sweet Waters, near Constanti- R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
cJ$ juv.sk. nople, Sept. 2, 1876 {JV. [P.].

Pearce).
ff. (S ad. sk. Dizak, Baluchistan, March 22, W. T. Blanford, Esq.

1872. [C.].

h. c? ad. sk. Gondul, Kattiawar, Nov. 26, Major Hayes Lloyd

1871. [P.].

t. cS ad. sk. Cashmere. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

[P.].
k,l. c?ad.;m, ?j. N.W.Himalayas. Captain Stackhouse

2 ad. sk. PinwiU [P.]. ■

o. c? ad. sk. Umballa. Oapt. C. H. T. Mar-

shall [P.].
p. 2 ad. sk. India. Hon. E. India Co.

[Po-

ll. Muscicapa albicilla.

Muscicapa alhiciUa, Pall. Zoogr. Rosso- Asiat. i. p. 462, Aves, tab. 1.

Saxicola rubeculoides, Sykes, P. Z. 8. 1832, p. 92.

PErythaca tvtleri, Jameson, Edinh. Phil. Journ. 1835, p. 214 (descr.

mdlii) ; Jdrd. Contr. Orn. 1850, p. 28.
Muscicapa leucura*, Sivains. Nat. Hist. Flyc. p. 253 (^nec Gm.) ; Gray,

Hand-l. B. i. p. 322, n. 4840.
Synornis leucura, Hodys in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 83.
Synornis joulaimus, Ilodgs. t. c. p. 83 ; id. P. Z. S. 1845, p. 26.

* The Nofncilla leucura, Gm. S. N. i. p. 939, is founder! on a White-failed
Flycatcher o^ Latham (Gen. Syn. ii. p. 331) from South Africa, and does not
apparently belong to tliis eper-ies.

10. MUSCICAPA. 163

En'throsterna leucura, Bhjth, Cut. B. Mas. A. <S'. B. p. 171 ; Bp. Conrp.

f. p. 318 ; Horsf. ^- Moore, Cat. B. Mm. E.I. Co. i. p. 297 ; Jerd. B.

Ind. i. p. 481 ;" Sidnh. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 290; Godwin-Aust. J. A.

S. B. 1870, p. 101 ; Bbfth S,- IValden, B. Burm. p. 103 : Hum«,

Str. F. 1874, p. 47o, 1875, p. lOo ; Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fi-ance,

i. p. ICO ; Armstr. Str. F. 1870, p. 323.
Muscicapa parva {rwc Bechst.), Schrenck, Amur-Beise, p. 374 ; Radde,

Bei.s. Sibir. p. 207.
Thamnobia niveiventris, S'winh. Ibis, 1860, p. 54.
Erythrostema mugimaki, Sicinh. Ibis, 1861, p. 330 {nee T. Sf S.).
Erythrostema albicilla, Stc{?ik. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 317 ; id. P. Z. S. 1871,

p. 380 ; Ball, Str. F. 1874, p. 405 ; David ^- Oust. Ois. de la Chine,

p. 120, pi. 79 ; Hume l^- Davison, Str. F. 1878, p. 223.
Muscicapa leucurus, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 322, no. 4840.

Adult male. Brown above, the lores and sides of face light grey,
this colour descending on each side of the orange throat onto the
sides of the neck ; throat deep orange ; rest of under surface of body
buffy white, the flanks deep fulvous ; qiiiJls and tail as in M.parva ;
"bill dark brown, yellow at gape, and greyish at base of lower man-
dible ; inside of mouth orauge-lieshy ; legs verj- dark brown, almost
black, claws dark brown ; eyelids dark plumbeous ; iris dark brown"
{Oates). Total length 4"5 inches, culmen 0'35, wing 2-65, tail 2,
tarsus 0-6o.

Adult female. Similar to the female of M.parva. Yt'ing 2"7 inches,
tail 2"0, tarsus 0"65.

Hah. Eastern Siberia, throughout China and the Burmese coun-
tries to Pegu and Tenasserim.

a,h. cJ 2 fi<l- sk. Tientsin, China {Flem- Mr. ^Miitely.
ing).

c. 5 ad. sk. Amoy. Purclia-sed.

d. (S ad. sk. India. Secretarv of State for

India "[P.]-

e. 2 ad. .«k. Behar. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].
/. c? ad. St. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [?.].
ff, h, i. (S ad. ; k. $ Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

ad. sk.

l,m,n,o. (S ]u.v.sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

p. 2 ad. sk. UpperAssam(D)-. iJ^'/tf). Pi. B. SLai-pe, Esq. [P.].

q. cJ ad. sk. Shillong. Colonel H. H. Godwin-

Austen [P.].

r. cj juv. sk. Bhamau, Upper Burmah, Dr. J. Anderson [C.].

Jan. 23, 1868.

«. 2 ad. sk. Pegu. "SV. T.Blanford,Esq.[P.].

12. Muscicapa hyperythra.

Siphia hyperythra, Cabanis, J.f. O. 18C6, p. 391 ; Walden, Ibis, 1872,

p. 472".
Menetica hyperythra, Cabanis, J.f. O. 1860, p. 401.
Niltava hyjjeiythra, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 326, no. 4901.
Erythrostema hyperythra, Holdstc. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 442, pi. 17;

Hvmf, Nests 4" Fr/'gs Ind. B. p. 217 ; Brooks, Str. F. 1875, p. 236.

Adult male. General colour above umber-brown, becoming more
ashy on the rump, the upper tail-covcrts blackish ; least wing-

164 MUSCICAPID^.

coverts like the back, sliglitly shaded with grey ; remainder of wiug-
coverts and quills dark brown, edged with lighter brown ; two centre
tail-feathers blackish, the next on each side with a white patch at
the base of the outer web : remainder of the feathers white at base,
with a broad ending of black, which extends a little way up the
outer web ; lores, feathers round the eye, ear-coverts, and sides of
neck dark grey : under surface of body from the chin to the abdo-
men deep orange-chestnut, the sides of the breast dark grey ; a line
of black feathers running from the base of the bill down the sides
of the throat to the sides of the upper breast, and dividing the
orange throat from the grey neck ; abdomen whitish ; flanks and
under tail-coverts fawn -buff; thighs ashy; under wing-coverts and
axillaries light fawn-biiff, whitish near the edge of the wing ; quills
dusky brown below, fulvescent along the edge of the inner web ;
" bin brown above, lower mandible yellowish, brown at the tip ;
feet dark brown, the soles yellowish ; iris hazel-brown " (Legge,
MS.). Total length 4-4 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2-7, tail 2-2,
tarsus 0"7.

Adult female. Eather lighter brown above than the male, and
without any grey on the rump ; ear-coverts light brown ; lores,
feathers round the eye, and cheeks ashy whitish ; throat buffy white ;
breast and sides of body yellowish orange, the sides of the upper
breast greyish ; centre of the body and under tail-coverts white ;
wings and tail much as in the male ; under wing-coverts yello'W'ish
like the flanks ; " biU dark horn-colour, the lower mandible light ;
legs blackish lead-colour ; iris umber-brown " {Legge, MS.). Total
length 4-6 inches, vnng 2-65, tail 2, tarsus 0-7.

Mab. North-western India from Cashmere southwards ; Ceylon,

a. 2 ad. sk. Cashmere. Capt. J. Biddulph [C.].

b. cj ad. sk. llambodde Pass, Cevlon. Capt. W. Vinceut Legge [P.].

Jan. 17, 1877.

c. 2 f'd. sk. Dimbidla, Ceylon, Nov. Capt. W. Vincent Legge [P.].

15, 1871.

11. PETR(ECA.

Type.
Petroica, Sivainson, Zool. Illustr. 2nd series, i. pi. 36

(1829) P. leggii.

Erytbrodryas, GmiM, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 112 P. rhodinogastra.

Myiomoira, Reichenh. Syst. Ai\ Taf. Ixvii. (1850) . . P. toitoi.
Melanodryas, Gould, Ilanclb. B. Austr. i. p. 283 (1865) P. cucullata.
Amaurodryas, Gould, Handb.B.A%istr.\.^.2QQ (1865j P. ^Ittata.

Bill oi Petroeca lc(j(jii.
Haiige. Australia, New Zealand, Pacific islands.

11. PETRffiCA. 165

Key to the Species.

a. With red on the under surface of the body.

(('. With a white mark on the forehead.

a". Wing-coverts with a white patch.

a'". Wing with a broad white longitudinal

bar, formed by the outer web of the

inner secondaries being white.

a*. Upper surface black ; frontal white

mark large ; tliroat black ; breast

scarlet ^eggii, p. 165.

i''. Upper surface slaty grey ; frontal mark

small; only the chin black; remainder

of throat and breast orange-scarlet . . phcenicea, p. 166.

h'". With no longitudinal band of white

down the wing ; inner gi-eater coverts

white, forming a large shoulder-patch.

c*. No white on the outer tail-feathers . . multicolor, p. 168.

d*. Outer tail-feathers white, black at base

and at tip.

a'. Throat black ^j;<s«7/a, p. 168.

6'. Throat dusky, washed with scarlet . . similis, p. 169.

h". Wing-coverts without any white on them

at all ; breast pink ; frontal mark very

small.

c'". With no white on the tail rhodinogastra, p. 170.

d'". Outer tail-feathers for the most part

white rosea, p. 170.

h'. Forehead red.

c". Throat black goodenovii, p. 171.

d". Throat red in the centre ramsayi, p. 172.

h. With no red on the under siu-face of the body.

c'. Throat black.

e". Size larger; wing 3'5-3'6 inches; no white , ,■ j , i-o
, ° p , "'i ' mcoior (5 , p. 1 / .3.

spot on torehead \ ■ . ^ ^^^

^ [picatn (J, p. 1/4.

/". Size smaller ; wing not exceeding2-9 inches ;
a white spot on the forehead,

e'". Breast white toitoi, p. 174.

/'". Breast yellow '. . . mucrocephala, p. 176.

d'. Throat ashj^ ; base of tail white hicolor 5 , p. 1 74.

e'. Throat dusky brown ; only the outer tail-
feather white at base and for whole extent
of outer web vittata, p. 177.

1. Petroeca leggii.

Sylvia erythrogastra, Lewin, Birds of Neio Holland, pi. 17 (nee

"Lath.).
Scarlet-breasted Flycatcher, Latham, Gen. Hist. B. vi. p. 210.
Muscicapa multicolor, Vig. 4" Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 279 (nee

Gm.).
Petroica multicolor (nee Gm.), Swains. Zool. IHmfr. ser. 2, vol. i,

pi. 36; Gould, Si/». B. Aitstr. part 1, pi. 7. fig. 3; id. B. Atistr.

folio, iii. pi. 3 ; lip. Consj). i. p. 2!t9 ; licuheidt. Vog. Keiiholl. p. 91;

Pelz. Reis. Novara, Voq. p. 64 ; Gould, Hundh, B. Austr. i. p. 279 :

Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p.' 228, no. 3289.

166 ilWCICAPIDJ!.

Petroeca multicolor, Cab. Mus. Ileln. Th. i. p. 11; Eamsay, Proc.
Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 183, no. 178.

Adult. General colour above silky black, the feathers with grey-
bases ; lesser wing-coverts black like the back : median series and
inner greater coverts white, the latter with concealed blackish bases
to the inner webs ; outer greater coverts and primary-coverts
blackish ; quiUs blackish brown, the inner primaries with a spot of
white near the base of the outer web ; secondaries all white at base,
the inner ones white along the outer web, forming a bar down the
wing ; tail blackish brown, the penultimate feather white at tip, and
having a wedge-shaped mark of white running down the outer web ;
outer feather white, with an oblique brown mark towards the base
of the inner web, and with a dark-brown mark near the tip of the
outer web ; forehead white ; a narrow frontal line, lores, sides of
face, and throat black, at base of the latter a concealed white spot ;
breast light scarlet, some of the side feathers with black margins ;
abdomen, lower flanks, and under tail-coverts white ; thighs black ;
under wing-coverts and axillaries white, the outer ones edged with
black ; quills blackish below, brown along the edge of the inner
web, and white at the base of the secondaries ; " bill and feet
black; iris very dark brown" (Gould). Total length 5 inches,
culmen 0-45, wing 2-85, tail 2-1, tarsus 0-8.

The female has all the upper and under surface brown, with the
breast strongly tinged with red (Gould).

Obs. A specimen labelled female from Tasmania, and obtained by
the Antarctic Expedition, is exactly like the male, and is probably
wrongly determined, as the sexes seem to differ in colour throughout
this entire genus. A female from Western Australia (King George
Sound) differs from all the eastern birds in its extremely narrow
white forehead, and may probably indicate a second species.

Hab. Australia : Eockingham Bay, Port Deuison, Wide-Bay
district, Richmond and Clarence-River districts, New South Wales,
interior of Australia, Yictoria, South Australia. Tasmania. (Cf.
Eamsay, I. c.)

a. 2 ad. ak. Australia. Linnean Society [P.].

b. 2 ad. sk. King George Sound. Sir George Grey [P.].
c,d. 5 ad.; e. Juv. sk. Tasmania. Ronald Gunn, Esq. [P.].
f. (S ad. sk. Tasmania. J. B. Jukes, Esq. [PT).

ff, h, i. (S ad. sk. Tasmania. Antarctic Expedition [C.].

k. (S ad. sk. South Australia. Sir George Grey [P.].

2. Petroeca phcenicea.

Petroica phcenicea, Gould, P. Z. S. 18.36, p. 105 ; id. Syn. B. Aiistr.

part 1, pi. 7. fig. 2; id. B. Austr. folio, iii. pi. 6; Gray, Gen. B. i.

p. 183 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 299 ; Reichenb. Vog. Ncuholl. pp. 93, 289;

Pelz. Reis. Novara, Vog. p. 64 ; Gould, Ilandb. B. Austr. \. p. 282;

Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 228, no. 3291.
Petrceca phcenicea, Cob. Mtis. Hein. Tb. i. p. 11 ; Ramsay, Proc.

Limi. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 183.

11. PETRCECA. 167

Adult nude. General colour above slaty blackish, the least win^-
coverts like the back ; rest of the wing blacker, the inner, median,
and greater coverts white ; primary-coverts very narrowly tipped
with white ; quills black, the inner secondaries externally white,
forming a bar down the wing, the outer secondaries with a white
bar near the base of the outer web, smaller and higher up the feather
on the primaries; tail blackish, the penultimate feather with the
outer web edged with white near the base and at the tip, the outer-
most one wliite, with an oblique mark of brown along the inner web
and another brown mark towards the tip of the outer web ; a smaU
frontlet of white ; across the base of the forehead a blackish line ;
lores, sides of face and ear-coverts, chin and upper sides of throat
slaty blackish ; throat and breast rich scarlet-vermilion, the lower
flanks, vent, and lower abdomen white ; sides of body greyish, mixed
with white ; thighs blackish ; under wing-coverts and axiUaries
dusky greyish, tipped with white ; quills blackish below, the secon-
daries white at base of inner web ; " bill and feet black ; iris
black"' (Gould). Total length 5*2 inches, culmen 0"45, wing 3"15,
tail 2-3, tarsus 0-7.

Adidt female. Brown above, darker towards the rump and upper
tail-coverts; base of forehead whitish ; wings dark brown, the coverts
narrowly tipped with whitish, the secondaries with conspicuous white
bases, slightly tinged with rufoiis, and forming a wing-patch ; pri-
maries with an indistinct white mark about halfway up the feather,
more distinct on the secondaries, which are edged with white ; tail-
feathers dark brown, the outermost white, obliquely marked with
brown on the inner web, and having a spot of brown at the tip of the
outer web ; ear-coverts brown, with whitish shaft-lines ; lores ru-
fescent ; under surface of body brown, the throat and centre of
abdomen whitish, the fore neck and breast with a slight tinge of
vermilion ; thighs brown ; under tail-coverts white, with longitu-
dinal centres of dark brown ; under wing-coverts and axillaries
fulvous, with dusky bases ; quills dark brown below, whitish along
the inner web, the base of the secondaries conspicuously white.
Total length 5-2 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 3, tail 2, tarsus 0-75.

Yotmg male. Similar to the old female, but with orange instead of
vermilion breast.

Hah. Australia : Wide-Bay district, Richmond and Clarence-
River districts, New South Wales, Yictoria, South Australia. Tas-
mania.

a. 5 ad. st. Australia,

b. d" jtiv. sk. Australia. Baron Laugier.

c. S ad. St. New South Wales. J. Gould, Esq. [C.].

d. S ad. St. South Australia. Sir George Grey [P.].

e. S ad. sk. Tasmania. Ronald Gunn, Esq. [P.].
f,g. cJ ad. sk. Tasmania. J. B. Jukes, Esq. fP.].

h. (S ad.; i. cJjuv.sk. Tasmania. Antarctic Expedition [C.].

k. cJ ad. sk. Tasmania. Sir E. Home [P.].

IGS MUSCICAPIP^.

3. Petrceca multicolor.

Red-bellied Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Syn. B. ii. pt. 1, p. 343, pi. 4 ; id.

Gen. Hist. B. vi. p. 209, pi. 3.
Muscieapa multicolor, Gm. S. N. i. p. 944 {ex Lath.).
Muscicapa erythrogaster, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 479 ; Shaw, Nat. Misc.

V. pi. 147 ; id. Gen. Zool. x. p. 400.
Petroica modesta *, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 147 ( 5 ) ; Gray, Gen. B.

i. p. 183.
Petroica piilcheHa, Gould, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 142 (c?) ; Gray, Gen. B.

i. p. 183.
Muscicapa dibapha, Forster, Descr. Anim. p. 267 {ex Turdus diba-

phus, Forster, Icon. ined. 157, "Norfolk Island, Oct. 11, 1774").
Petroica multicolor. Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 183.
Petroica erythrogastra {nee Lath.), Gould, B. Austr. folio, iii. pi. 4 ;

Beiehenb. Voy. Neuholl. pp. 62, 289 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 299 ; Gray,

Ibis, 1862, p. 224; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 526; Gratj,

Iland-l. B. i. p. 228, no. 3292.

Adult male. General colour above black, the grey bases to the
rump-feathers showing slightly ; wings entirely black, with no white
on the secondaries, only the median coverts and the inner greater
ones pure white ; tail black, the outer feathers very slightly pointed
with white and a little browner ; forehead and fore part of crown
silky white ; lores, feathers above the eye, sides of face, and throat
black ; rest of the under surface of body bright scarlet ; the lower
flanks, vent, and under tail-coverts white ; thighs black, sides of
breast black ; under wing-coverts white, with blackish bases, those
near the lower edge of the wing black, forming a spot ; quills ashy
brown below, browner along the edge of the inner web, the inner
secondaries white at the base below. Total length 4-6 inches, cul-
men 0-.55, wing 2-75, tail 2-1, tarsus 0-95.

Hab. Norfolk Island.

a. (S ad. sk. Norfolk Island, June 1855 Voyage of- the ' Herald.'

{Dr. F. M. Rayner).
6. cJ ad. sk. Norfolk Island, June 1865. Julius Brenchley, Esq. [P.].

4. Petrceca pusiUa.

Petroica pusilla, Peale, U. S. Expl. Exp. 1848, p. 93, pi. 25. fig. 3 ;

Hartl. in Wiegm. Arch. 1852, p. 100; Cass. U.S. Expl. Exp.

p. 164, pi. 9. fig. 4 ; Gray, Cat. B. Trap. Isl. Pacific Ocean, p. 14 ;

Finsch ^ Hartl. Faun. Central-Polyn. p. 70 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i.

p. 228, no. 3294.
Petrceca kleinschmidtif, Finsch, P. Z. <S. 1875, p. 643 ; id. Journ. Godeffr.

Mus. Heft xii, p. 6, Taf. 1. fig. 2.

Adult male. General colour above black, with a white band across

* P. modesta. The habitat of this species is given by Mr. Gould as " New
Holland ;" and if this locality had been correct, the name wonld have pro-
bably taken precedence over my name of P. legyii. It appears, however, that
an error in the locality had taken place, as Mr. Gould subsequently, in both his
later works, refers his Petroica modesta to the Norfolk-Island Robin, and trans-
lates his Latin diagnosis of P. modesta for the female of the latter bird.

t I have Dr. Finsch's personal assurance that this species is the same as
6'. pusilla.

11. pi;tk(K(ja. 169

the rump : wiugs black, the median coverts white with bhick bases,
as also the inner greater coverts, forming a patch on the wing, the
secondaries almost imperceptibly edged with white near the base ;
tail black, the two outer feathers white, with blackish bases and a
blackish mark at the tip ; forehead white, a narrow line across the
base of the forehead, lores, sides of face, and throat black ; remainder
of under surface of body scarlet, the vent and under tail-coverta
white ; thighs black ; under wing-coverts white, the edge of the wing
black ; quills ashy brown below, whitish along the base of the
secondaries ; " bill black ; tarsi lighter ; iris brown " (Peak). Total
length 3-8 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2-4, tail 1-55, tarsus 0-7.

Adult femaJe. Differs from the male in being browner, the wing-
coverts tipped with rusty brown ; secondaries white at base, the pri-
maries externally marked with white near the base ; across the rump
a white bar ; upper tail-coverts black ; tail-feathers black, slightly
tipped with white, the penultimate feather blackish at base and at
tip of outer web, the outermost eutirely whit«, black at base of inner
web ; ear-coverts blackish brown ; base of forehead whitish, the fore
part of the crown mottled with white edges to the feathers ; below
the eye a line of whitish feathers ; throat brown, the chin whitish ;
breast pale scarlet ; abdomen, vent, and under tail-coverts white, the
sides of the body, flank, and under wing-coverts ashy white, the
axillaries washed with pale scarlet : thighs black. Total length
3-S inches, wing 2-2, tail 1-4, tarsus O'T.

Hah. Samoa or Navigators' Islands. Fiji group.

a. (S ad. sk. Samoa. Purchased.

b,c. (S 2 ad. sk. Upolu, Samoa. Rev. S. J. Whitmee [C.].

5. Petrceca similis.

Petroica similis, Grcii/, Vat. B. Tropical Isl. Pacific Ocean, p. lo ; (V^.
Hand-l. B. i. p. 228, no. 3295.

Adult male. General colour above sooty black ; the wings a little
browner, the inner median aiad greater wing-coverts white with
brown bases to the ijiner webs ; tail sooty brown, slightly tipped
with white, the penultimate feather edged with white on the outer
web, the outer feather white, light brown at base of inner web and
tip of outer ; a narrow frontal mark of white ; sides of face sooty
black like the head, the chin and sides of throat blackish ; rest of
under surface scarlet, the lower abdomen, vent, and under tail-
coverts white ; thighs black ; sides of body white with greyish
bases to the feathers ; under wing-coverts white ; quills ashy brown
below, edged with brown along the inner web, and inclining to white
at the base of the secondaries. Total length 4'2 inches, culmeu
0-55, wing 2-0, tail l-7o, tarsus 0-8.

Hah. New Hebrides.

a. cJad.sk. Aneiteuni, Now Hebrides. .T. Macgihivray, Esq. [C.].

(Tyi'P of species.)
b,c. c? $ ad. sk. Aneiteiini, .-Vug. 18Go. Juliu.'!Breuchl«y,Ksq.[P.],

TOI,. IV. jj

170 MUSCICAPll),K.

G. Petroeca rhodinogastra.

Saxicola rhodinogastra, Drapiez, Ann. Gen. ties Sfi. I'hi/s. Bru.velles,

ii. p. 340 (1S19).
Muscicapa liithami, Vigors, Zool. Journ. i. p. 410, pi. 13.
Petroica rliodiiiog'astra, Jard. 8: Selhy, III. Orn., Addenda to vol. ii. ;

Graj/, Hand-l. B. i. p. 228, no. 3297.
Petroica erythrogaster, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 183.
Erythrodiyas rhodinogaster, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 112 ; id. B.

Amtr. folio, iii. pi. 1 ; Eeichenh. Vop. NmlioU. pp. 89, 289 ; Gould,

Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 276 ; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. TV. ii.

p. 183.
Petroeca erytlirogastra, Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 11 ; Bp. Cvmp. i.

p. 299.

Adult male. General colour above slaty black, the least and median
wing-coverts like the back, the greater series and the quills browner ;
tail-feathers brown, edged with slaty black near the base ; sides of
face, sides of neck, and throat black ; on the forehead a small spot
of silky white ; remainder of under surface of body rose-pink, the
vent and under tail-coverts white ; thighs black ; flank-feathers
pink, with grey bases separated from the pink by a white mark ;
under wing-coverts blackish, as also the quills below, which are
white at the base of the secondaries ; " bill black ; feet black with
the soles orange; iris black'' {Gould). Total length 4-8 inches,
cuLmen 0-45, wing 2-85, taU. 2-5, tarsus 0"8.

Adult female. Has an indication of the white spot on the fore-
head ; all the upper surface brown ; wings and tail brown, with the
markings on the primaries and secondaries larger and of a more
buffy colour than in the males ; throat brownish buff ; chest and
abdomen brownish grey; vent and under tail-coverts buff. {Gould.)

The young male during the first autumn closely resembles the
female ; for the first two months after they have loft the nest they
have the centre of each feather striated with buff, {Gould.)

Hah. Tasmania, Victoria, and South Australia.

a. Ad. sk. [Australia.] Zoological Society.

b. Ad. sk. South Australia. Sir George Grey [P.].

7. Petroeca rosea *.

Muscicapa lathami, Viq. ^- Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 245 {nee
Vigors, 1825).

* The Crimson-bellied Flycatcher of Latham (Gen. Syn. Suppl. p. 221, pi.
134) would seem to represent a species of the section Erythrodryas, perhaps
Petroeca rosea, but it is impossible to make out the species for certain. A male
of the latter bird in incomplete dress, and retaining portions of the female
plumage, might answer to it ; but the absence of the black throat and of the
white spot on the forehead prevent its being recognized as any of the species
known up to the present time. Its synonymy is as follows : —

Crimson-bellied Flycatcher, Lath. I. c.
Muscicapa coccinigastra, Lath. Ind. Orn. Sttppl. p. 1.
Petroica coccinigastra. Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 183; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 228,
no. 3299.

il. PETKCErA. lyj

Petroica ''°^f>G?uldPZ. S. 1839, p. 142 ; Orat,, Gen. B. i. p. 183 :
^d. Hand-l. B. i. p. 228, no. 3298. '^ ' ^' ^- •'°'' '

Er^throdryas rosea, &o,^/,/, P z S. 1842, p. 112 ; id. B. Amtr. folio,
r T; L- 7A '^^- ]"'■'■ ^''"^'''"- PP- 89' 289 ; Bp. Camp. i. p. 299
Ns!w.t fspf"''"' ' '"• P^- ^' ^'''"'''^' ^"^ ^"^- '^''''■

Adult male. General colour above leaden grey, the least wing-
coverts coloured like the back; median and greater coverts, Is
well as the secondaries, brown, edged with grey like the back,
the primanes_ black with browner edges ; tail-feathers blackish
with minute tips of white, the three outermost with a large wedge-
shaped mark of white at the tip of the inner web, increasing in
extent towards the outermost ; sides of face, sides of neck, and throat
leaden grey the lower throat slightly washed with pink ; fore neck
and breast deep rose-pink; the abdomen, vent, and under taU-coverts
white ; thighs black ; under wing-coverts slaty grey, edged broadly with
i ^ ' quills dusky brown, white at the base of the secondaries ; " bill
and leet blackish brown ; gape and soles of the feet yeUow." Total
length 4-8 inches, culmeu 0-45, wing 2-6, tail 2-3, tarsus 0-6.

AcMt female. Different from the male. Above dark ashy brown,
greyer on the rump ; least and median wing-coverts like the back,
the greater coverts and quills dark brown, the primaries with a
whitish spot near the base of the outer web, the secondaries white
at the base; tail dark brown, the outer feather white with an
oblique mark of brown from the base up the inner web, the penul-
timate one with a large wedge-shaped mark of white on the inner
web ; sides of face dark brown, the ear-coverts with whitish shaft-
lines ; on the forehead a small band of buff; under surface of body
dull white with a tinge of pink on the breast, flanks browner-
thighs dark brown ; under wing-coverts whitish ; quills dark brown
below, whitish at the base of the secondaries. Total length 4-5
inches, culmen 0-5, wing 2-55, tail 2-2, tarsus 0-6,
^ •^"i;-^'^^^''^^'^- I^ockingham Bay, Port Denison, Wide-Bay dis-
trict, llichmond and Clarence-Eiver districts; New South Wales •
Interior; Victoria. (Ramsai/, I. c.)

°- ^ ^^- ^^- Austrnlia. Linnean Society [P.].

t>,c. cf 5 ad. sk. Austr.aha.

8. PetrcBca goodenovii.
Muscieapa godenovii, Vii/. 8,- Horsf. Tr. Linn. Son. xv. p. 245
Petroica goodenovii, Jard. 1^- Selh}, 111. Orn. Add. to vol ii. ; Gould
Syn. B.Ausfr^ part 1, pi. 7. fig. 1 ; id. B. Austr. folio, iii. pi. 5
Gray Gen. :»• L P- 183 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 299; Reichenb Vog.
Miihol. pp 109, 289; Goidd, Handb. B. Amtr. i. p. 280- Grav
Hand-l. B. i. p. 228, no. 3290. * ^'

Petrceca goodenovii, Cah. Mm. Hein. Th. i. p. 11 ; Bammy. Pr. Linn

OOC. J\. j5. (J . 11. p. 18.1. ■

Adult male. General colour above black, slightly mottled with
white on the rump, the feathers being .^ubtcrminaliy marked with

■ n2

172 MUSClCAl'lli.K.

white ; wings black, the median niid inner greater coverts aa well
as the outer webs of the inner secondaries white, forming a longi-
tudinal bar down the wing ; all the secondaries white at the base,
the inner primaries with a white spot at about a third of their
length from the base ; tail-feathers black, slightly tijipcd with
white, the outermost almost entirely white, with a black oblique
mark from the base across the inner web, and a spot of dark
brown at the tip of the outer web ; the penultimate and third
feathers with a white mark on the outer web ; sides of head and of
neck and throat black ; forehead and vertex scarlet ; fore neck and
breast scarlet; thighs black; sides of body, abdomen, under tail-
coverts, under wing-coverts, and axillaries white, the edge of the
wing black, edged with white ; quills ashy brown below, white at
the base of the secondaries ; " bill and feet blackish brown, the soles
of the feet yellow ; iris blackish brown " {Gould). Total length 4'8
inches, culmen 0'55, wing 2-55, tail 2'0, tarsus 0-7.

Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above
earthy brown, with a faint rusty tinge on the forehead ; wings dark
brown, the smaller coverts edged with brown, the greater series
edged and tipped with huffy white ; quills dark brown, the primaries
narrowly, the secondaries more broadlj' edged with huffy white,
the secondaiies with broad whitish bases, concealed by the tips of
the greater coverts ; tail-feathers dark brown, edged with lighter
brown, the penultimate feather white along the outer web, the
outennost one almost entirely white, with an oblique mark of dark
brown from the base up the inner web ; ear-coverts light rusty
brown ; feathers round the eyes, lores, cheeks, and under surface of
body dull white, the sides of the breast and flanks brown ; thighs
brown ; under wing-coverts creamy white, as also the inner lining
of the quills. Total length 4-5 inches, culmen U'4, wing 2-35, tail
1-8, tarsus 0-7.

Hah. Australia : Wide-Bay district ; Eichmond and Clarence-
lliver districts ; New South Wales ; Victoria ; Interior ; South
Australia. (Ramsay, 1. c.)

a. S ad. sk. Australia. Linnean Society [P.].

(Type of species.)

b, c. c? 2 ad. St. New South Wales.

d. S ad. St. New South Wales. J. Gould, Esq. [P.].

e. S ad. sk. Australia. Sir D. Cooper [P.].
/. 5 ad. sk. Australia. Purchased.

9. Petrceca ramsayi.

Petroeca goodenovii, audf. e.c Austr. Occident ali {wc Viy. Sf Horsf.).

Adult male. Similar to P. goodenovii, but distinguished by the
centre of the throat being scarlet and not black. Total length 4*5
inches, culmen 0*4, wing 2-5, tail 1-85, tarsus 0-7.

Adult female. Similar to the hen of P. goodcnovii, but having the
forehead and anterior crown dull brick-red. Total length 4-2 inches,
culmen 0-45, wing 2-45, tail 1-8, tarsus 0-7.

Hah. Western Australia.

11. PETuaccA. 173

a, b. c5' 5 ad. sk. Perou's Peiiiusiila, F. M. Rayner, Esq. [C.].

Shark Bay.
e. cJ ad. sk. Australia. Sir T. Mitchell [P.].

d. (S juv. sk. Australia. Purchased.

e. 2 ^d. sk. Swan River.

10. Petrceca bicolor.

GraUiiia bicolor, Vu/. S,- Ilortif. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 2.3.S.

Petroica bicolor, Swains. Zool. Illustr. 2ad ser. i. pi. 43 ; Gould, B.

Austr. folio, iii. pi. 7 ; £j>. Consp. i. p. 299 ; Reichenb. Vog. Neu-

holl. pp. 94, 289.
Petrojca cucullata*, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 183 ; Cab. Mtis. Hein. Th. i.

p. 11 ; Gray, Hand-l.'B. i. p. 229, no. -3300.
Melanodryas cucullata, Goidd, Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 283 ; Ramsay,

Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 183.

Adult male. General colour above glossy black, the rump and
scapulars pure white ; wings black, the secondaries tipped with
white, and two of the inner ones externally edged with white,
forming a line down the wing ; a large alar speculum caused by the
white bases to the secondaries, the primaries having a white bar at
a little distance from the base, gradually decreasing in extent
towards the outer primai-ies and confined to the inner web, the two
outer quills with no white at all on them ; tail white with a broad
subterminal band of black before a narrow white tip, the two
centre feathers black, the next one on each side black, the outer
web white for two thirds of its length ; sides of face and throat
black, the feathers of the lower throat tipped with white where they
adjoin the fore neck, which, like the remainder of the under surface,
is entirely white ; under wing-coverts white with black bases ;
quills ashy blackisli below, the secondaries white at base, the pri-
maries white for a great part of the inner web ; biU black ; feet
blackish brown; iris brownish black " (G^oit7f?). Total length 5-2
inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3-7, tail 2-6, tarsus 0-9.

Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above
ashy brown, with more or less of a greyish shade ; the wings darker
brown with lighter brown edges ; primaries with a white bar on
inner web, the innermost primaries and the secondaries white at
base of both webs, forming an alar speculum, the inner secon-
daries margined, and all tipped, with white ; tail-feathers dark
brown, white at the base of all but the two centre ones, the outer
ones tipped with white : lores, ring round the eye, and sides of
face dull white, mottled with dusky brown bases to the feathers ;
ear-coverts dark brown, with dull whitish shaft-lines ; under surface
of body ashy grey, white on the lower abdomen, vent, and under

* The name of cucullata cannot be adopted for this species, as the words in
the original description, " the -whole of the wings and tail black, the lesser quilla
fringed with white, "' can never apply to Petrceca bicolor. The sjuonymy of the
supposed species is as follows: —

Hooded Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Sr/)i. .Suppl. ii. p. 22o.
Muscicapa cucullata, T.aih. hid. Orn. Supjil. p. Ii.

174 JiaSCKAl'ID-E.

tail-coverts ; under wing-coverts white, the axillaries dark brown,
white near the base of the outer web ; quills dull brown below,
white at base of secondaries and across the inner web of the pri-
maries. Total length 5-7 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 3-6, tail 2-7,
tarsus 0-85.

Young. Immediately after leaving the nest is dark bro^vn with a
stripe of light brown down the centre of each feather, the markings
of the wings and the tail resembling those of the adult ; under sur-
face like upper, bxit becoming white as it proceeds towards the vent.
(^Gould.)

Hah. Australia : "Wide-Bay, Richmond, and Clarence-River dis-
tricts ; New South Wales ; Interior ; Victoria ; South Australia ;
West Australia. {Ramsay, I. c.)

a. cJ ad. sk. Au*tralia. Linnean Society [P.]-

(Type of 3/. bicolor.)
h. cJ juv. sb. Australia.

c. 5 ad. St. AustiaUa. J. Gould, Esq. [C.J.

d. c? ad. sk. Yarrundi Eiver. J. Gould, Esq. [C.J.

e. c? juv. St. Yarrundi Eiver. J. Gould, Esq. 'CX
f- 6 juv. sk. South Australia. .T. Gould, Esq. [C.J.
g,h. S 2 ^d. ; i. J imm. sk. South Australia. Sir George Grey [P.l

k. S imm. sk. River Murray. Sir George Grey [P.'

7. c? ad. St. West Australia. J. Gould, Esq. [C."

m. 2 ad. sk. York, W, Austraha. J. Gould, Esq. [C.

7. c? ad. St. West Australia. J. Gould, Esq. [C.l.

n, 0. S ad. sk. Interior of South Capt. Sturt [P.J.

Australia.
p. J ad. sk. Australia. Sir T. Mitchell [P.],

Subsp. a. Petroeca picata.

Melanodryas picata, Gould, Handh. B. Austr. i. p. 285.
Petroica picata. Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 229, no. 3301.

Adult male. Similar to P. accullata, but smaller, and distinguished
by the less amount of black on the tail, and the broader edging of
white to the inner secondaries. In the outer tail-feather the white
extends round the black, and is carried along the whole length of the
outer web. Total length 5-8 inches, culmen 0'55, wing 3-5, tail 2-55,
tarsus 0'85.

Hab. Northern and North-western Australia.

o, b, c. (S ad. ; d. $ ad. sk. N.W. Austraha. J. R. Elsev, Esq. [P.].

e,f.(S2 ad. sk. " D^pot," Feb. 26, 1856. J. R. Elsey, Esq. [P.J.

1 1 . Petroeca toitoi.

Muscicapa toitoi, Garnot, Toy. Coquille, Zool. i. p. 690, pi. 15. fig. 3.
Miro toitoi, Gray, in Dieffenb. Trav. ii. Ajrp. p. 191 ; Bp. Consp. i.

p. 300.
Petroica toitoi, Gray, Voy. Ereb. <§■ Terr. Birds, p. 6 ; id. Gen. B. i,

p. 183 ; id. Ibis, 1862, p. 223 ; Peh. Reis. Nomra, Voy. p. 66 ;

Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 229, no. 3305.

11. ri;TK(ECA. 175

Myiomoira toitoi, Heiche/ib. .S'ys<. Av. Taf. Ixvii. tig. H ; Buller, B.N.

Zeal. p. 124; Fimch, J.f. 0. 1872, p. 163, 1874, p. 189; Sharpe,

Voy. Efeb. 8)- Terr. Birth, App. p. 26.
Muscicapa albopectiis, Ellman, Zuol. 1861, p. 7465.

Adidt male. General colour above black with a distinct, though
small, frontal spot of white ; wings black, the inner primaries with
a white bar a little way from the base, represented by an ovate spot
of white on the outer web ; the secondaries distinctly white at the
base, forming a large wing-patch, the white extending for the greater
part of the outer web on some of the inner secondaries ; tail black,
the three outer tail-feathers white, increasing in extent towards the
outermost, each feather obliquely marked with black across the
inner web from the base upwards and having a black oblique apical
mark, these dark portions of the feathers decreasing in extent to-
wards the outermost as the white increases ; sides of face, sides of
neck, throat, and fore neck black ; remainder of under surface white,
the feathers black at base, the flanks somewhat washed with grey ;
thighs black, tipped with white ; under wing-coverts white, blackish
at base, the edge of the wings black ; quills blackish below, the
secondaries broadly white at the base ; " bill and tarsi blackish
brown, toes paler, yellow on their inner surface; iris black"
(JBuUer). Total length 5 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 2*7, tail 2-1,
tarsus 0'85.

Adult female. Differs from the male. Ashy brown above, the
feathers with indistinct ashy-white shaft-lines ; upper taU-coverts
darker brown than the back, the outer feathers white, obliquely
marked with brown from the base across the inner web, and tipped
with brown ; the penultimate feather with a large triangular patch
of white at the tip of the inner web, the third with an indistinct
spot of white at the tip of the inner web ; wings dark brown, the
primaries obscurely barred with dull whitish, forming a diagonal bar
across the wing ; the secondaries conspicuously white at the base,
forming a large wing-patch somewhat tinged with brown ; at the
base of the forehead a small white spot ; lores and a ring of feathers
round the eye dull whitish ; sides of face dark ashy brown, mottled
with linear spots of white on the feathers ; rest of under surface of
body whitish, the sides of the body and thighs ashy brown ; under
wing-coverts and axUlaries buffy white ; qiiiUs dark brown below,
barred with white near the base, broader across the inner secon-
daries. Total length 4*4 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2*55, tail 1-8,
tarsus 0-85.

Hah. North Island, New Zealand ; Chatham Islands.

a, b. S ad. sk. New Zealand. Colonial Museimi, Wel-

lington [E.].

c. 2 ad. sk. New Zealand. Lieut. A. Smith [P.].

d. cJ ad.; e,/. $ ad.sk. NewZealand(J'..SY;-a«(7e). Capt. Stokes [P.].

g. ^ ad. sk. Chatham Islands. New Zealand Co. [P.].

176 srrs( irAPin-T,.

12. Petrceca macrocephala*.

Groat-lieaded Titmouse, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. p. 657, pi. Iv.

Pariis uiaiTOcephalus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 1013 (ex Lath.) ; Steph. Gen.

Zool. V. p. 51, pl. 5.
Pachycephahis P australis, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiii. p. 267.
Rhipidura macrocephala, Gray, in Dieffenh. Voy. ii. App. p. 100.
]\liro forsterorum, Gray, t. c. p. 191.
Miro dieft'eubachii. Gray, t. c. p. 191.
I'etroica macrocephala, Gray, Voy. Ereh. ^- Terr. Birds, p. 0 ; id.

Gen. B. i. p. 18:3 ; id. Ibis, 18G2', p. 222 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 229,

no. 3307.
Petvoica dieffenbachii, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 183 ; id. Ibis, 1862, p. 223 ;

id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 229, no. 330(i ; Ilutton, Cat. N. Zeal. B. p. 12.
Tnrdus minutus, Forstcr, Icon. ined. 149 ; id. Uescr. Anim. p. 83'.
Miro macrocephala, Bp. Cmisp. i. p. 299.
INIiro dieffenbachii, Bp. t. c. p. 300.
Muscicapa macrocephala, Ellman, Zool. 18G1, p. 7465.
Muscicapa minuta, Elhnan, t. c. p. 74Go.
Mviomoira macrocephala, Finsch, J. f. O. 1872, p. 163; Bidler, B.

N. Zeal. p. 126; Finsch, J. f. O. 1874, p. 188; Sharpe, Voy. Ereb.

cS- Terr. Birds, App. p. 26. "
Mjdomoira dieffenbachii, Finsch, Tr. N. Zeal. Inst. vii. p. 229.

Adult male. General colour above black, with a distinct frontal
spot of white ; wings black, the qnills browner, the greater coverts
slightly tipped with white ; inner primaries with a white bar at
about one third of their length from the base, represented on the
outer web by an oblong white mark ; secondaries white at the base,
forming a conspicuous wiug-spot, some of the inner ones edged with
white along the outer web, the innermost secondaries entirely
blackish brown ; tail black, the three outer feathers white, obliquely
black on the inner webs, and marked with a blackish spot at the
tip, this dark marking increasing on the penultimate and the next
feather, which has the outer web entirely black ; entire sides of face
and throat black ; rest of under surface light yellow, deepening into
saffron-yellow round the throat, and fading into whitish on the
under tail-coverts ; sides of body washed with greyish ; thighs
black ; under wing- coverts and axillaries white with dusky grey
bases ; quills dull brown below, edged with light brown along the
inner webs, with a broad white bar across the basal part of the

* Petrceca foksteri

Petroica, sp., Gray, P. Z. S. 1850, p. Ifil.

Petroica forstcri, Gray, Cat. B. Trop. M. Tacific Ocean. Tp. 15.

Hah. Isle of Pines, New Caledonia.

This bird is mentioned liere merely for the purpose of showing that it is a myth.
Mr. Gray refers as a synonym the name of Turdus minuttis, Forster (Descr.
Anim. p. 84). but this, from the figure and description, i.s Petrceca macrocephala
of New Zealand. At page 257 of the same work, Forster casually mentions
haTing observed Turdus minutus on Spruce-Tree Island, New Caledonia; and
this is apparently Mr. Crray's authnrity for naming the species Petroica forsteri,
on the chance of its turning up in the locality. Should a Petro'ca occur in New
Caledonia, it would very likely be P. simiiis of the New Hebrides.

11. PETRCKrA. 177

secoudurles. Total length 4-\) inches, culnien 0-5, wing 'ZS, tail 2-1,
tarsus 0-8.

Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above
sooty brown, the wings rather darker than the back, and exhibiting
a white speculum, formed by a white band across the inner secon-
daries at about one third of the distance from the base ; on some of
the inner primaries an indistinct mark of brown on the outer web ;
across the rump an indication of a buff-coloured band ; upper tail-
coTerts black ; tail-feathers black, with a quadrate spot of white on
the inner web of the third feather, the penultimate one with a broad
band of white extending obliquely across both webs, and much
larger on the outermost, which is obliquely white across the central
half ; on the forehead a large white spot ; ear-coverts and feathers
below the eye black with white shaft-lines ; under surface of body
yellowish, the throat whiter, washed on the sides with blackish ;
thighs blackish ; under wing-coverts white with black bases ; quilLs
blackish, white at the base of the secondaries. Total length 5*2
inches, culmen O-o, wing 2-0, tail 2-3, tarsus 1.

Youmj. lu the j'oung of both sexes the yellow is reduced to a
scarcely percei^tible tinge, and in some examples is altogether wanting.
In the young male the breast is obscurely mottled with brown, and
in the young female these markings extend to the flanks also.
{Buller.)

Hah. South Island, New Zealand ; Chatham Islands ; Auckland
Islands.

a,h. c? 5 ad. st. New Zealand. New Zealand Co. [P.].

c. 2 ad. sk. New Zealand. New Zealand Co. [P.].

(/. cS ad. sk. New Zealand. Dr.Sinclair[P.]. (Type

of P. dieffenhachii.)
e. S fid. sk. New Zealand.

f,g, h. S ad. sk. New Zealand {F. Strange), Capt. Stokes [P.].
»'. Ad. sk. New Zealand. Henry Wharton, Esq.

[P.].
k. J ad. sk. Auckland I'jlands. Antarctic Expedition

[P.].

13. Petroeca vittata.

Muscicapa vittata, Qiioy et Gmmard, Voy. de FAdrol. i. p. 173, pi. 3.

fig. 2.
Petruica fusca, Goidd, B. Austr. folio, iii. pi. 8 ,• Gray, Gen. B. i.

p. 183 ; Bp. C'unsp. i. p. 299 ; Reichenb. Vog. NeuhoU. pp. 95, 289 ;

Biggies, Orn. Austr. pi. 40. lig. 1.
Amaiu-odryas vittata, Goidd, Ilatidb. B. Austr. i. p. 28G; Ramscn/,

I'r. Linn. Soc. N. 6'. If. ii. p. 183.
Petroica vittata, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 229, no. 3302.

Adult. General colour dusky brown with a slight olive tinge, the
least wing-coverts like the back ; median and greater series blackish
brown, edged with lighter brown, the bastard wing margined with
whitish, edge of the wing Mhite ; primary-coverts blackish ; quills
blackish, the inner primajies with a white spot near the base of the

178 MUSCICiriDJE.

outer web ; the secondaries white at base, forming a speculum ; inner
secondaries externally margined with whity brown ; tail-feathers
brown, edged with lighter brown, slightlj' tipped with white, the
outermost feather white on the outer web ; an indistinct mark of
whitish on the forehead ; lores and sides of face brown with whitish
shaft-lines ; throat dull whitish ; breast brown with a rusty shade ;
remainder of under surface ashy brown, the lower abdomen and vent
white ; under tail-coverts brown, tipped with white ; thighs brown,
edged with white ; under wing-coverts and axillaries brown with
olive-brown edgings, the latter conspicuously white near the base of
the outer web; quills dull brown below, white at the base of the
secondaries; "bill, feet, and iris blackish brown " (GohW). Total
length 6 inches, culmen 0"65, wing 3'65, tail 2'9, tarsus 1.

Adult female. Like the male {Gould).

Younr/. Yery dark brown above, striated with deep buff; beneath
mottled brown and buffy white, the latter colour occuppng the
centre of the feathers (Go^dd).

Hah. Tasmania. Mr. Eamsay (I. c.) says South Australia also,

a. Ad. sk. Tasmania. J. Goidd, Esq. [0.].

b. Ad. sk. Tasmania. Ronald Gunu, Esq.

c. Ad. st. Tasmania. Ronald Gunn, Esq.

m.

12. PRATINCOLA.

Type.

Pratincola, Koch, Syst. d. Baier. Zool. p. 190 (1816) P. nibetra.

Curruca, Leach, Cat. 3Iamm. ^-c. Brit. Miis. p. 25 (1816) P. rubetra.

Fruticicola, Macqill. Hist. Brit. B. ii. p. 271 (1839) P. rubetra.

Rubetra; G. R. Gray, List Gen. B. p. 22 (1840) P. rubetra.

Bill and wing of Pratincola caprata.

Range. The whole of Europe, Asia, and Afi'ica, extending into
the Malayan archipelago as far as the island of Celebes.

Key to the Species.

a. Chin and sides of throat white ; chest orange-
rufous, extending in a triangular patch onto
the throat; primary -coverts white with
broxv^ tips; a broad white eyebrow; basal .^^^^^^.^ $ , p. 179.
two thirds of tail white | vwcrorhyncha,^. 182.

]2. I'RATI.NCOLA. 179

b. Chiu and throat white, the oraug-e of the chest

not extendinp: to the throat.

a'. Upper tail-coveits white; head and upper
surface of body Wack ; primary-coverts
white, forming- an alar speculum msiffnis, p. 183.

b'. Upper tail-coverts not ditl'ering from the rest
of the upper surface, which is brown with
dark centres to the feathers ; no alar spe-
cidum ; the primary-coverts brown ; chest
and sides of body pale orange-rufous horbonica, p. 183.

f'. Lpper tail-coverts white; upper siu-face of
body blackish brown ; no alar speculum ;
chest above orange-chestnut ; sides of body
and rest of under surface dull white salax, p. 184

c. Chin and throat black.

d'. Breast orange-chestnut.

a". Upper tail-coverts white, spotted with
black ; imder wing-coverts white, with

black bases rubicola d" , p. 185.

6". Upper tail-coverts pure white, unspotted.
«'". Tail with scarcely any white at the
base ; the white, when present, not
visible on spreading the tail, being
always hidden by the upper tail-
coverts.

a*. Axillaries black maura, p. 188.

b*. Axillaries white, with concealed black
bases.
a'. Orange chest-patch large, occupj-ing

the whole breast and flanks.'. . . torquata, p. 190.
¥. Orange chest-patch restricted to the
chest and upper breast, the flanks
and sides white like the abdomen sybilla, p. 191.
b'". Tail for the most part white, which is
easily distinguishable when the taU
is spread.
c*. Tail-feathers white on both webs for

two thirds of their length hemprichi, p. 193.

d*. Tail-feathers white on the inner webs

only for nearly their entire length leucura, p. 194.
«'. Breast black like the throat; no orange-
chestnut patch on the breast.
c". With the sides of the neck white, forming

a conspicuous patch albifasciata, p. 198.

d". With no white patch on the sides of the

neck, which are entirely black caprata, p. 195.

1. Pratincola rubetra.
The Whinchat.
Le Grand Traquet ou Le Tarier, Briss. Oni. iii. p, 432, pi 24

fig. 1 ; Daubent. PL Enl. vi. pi. 678. fig. 2.
Le Traquet du Senegal, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 441, pi. 20. fie. 3 ; Buff.

Nat. Hist. Ois. V. p. 228. ^ m

Motacilla rubetra, Linn. Sy,^t. Nat. i. p. .332.
Motacilla senegalensis, Linn. St/st. Nat. i. p. 333 ie.r Briss.).
Sylvia rubetra, Scop. Ann. i. p." 159 : Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 525.

180 JIUKCICAPII).15.

Sylvia zya, Scop. Ann. i. p. 158.

WhincLat, Lath. Gen. Si/n. iv. p. 454.

yultry Wlieatear, Lath. torn. cit. p. 455.

Motacilla fervida, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 'J08.

Sylvia fervida, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 525.

Saxicola rubetra, liechst. Orn. Taschenb. i. p. 219 ; Temm. Man.

d'Orn. i. p. 244 ; Naum. Voy. Deidschl. iii. pi. 89. figs. ^^, 4 ; Werner,

Atlas, Insectivores, pi. 73 ; Gould, B. Eur. ii. pi. 93 ; A'ordm. in

Demidof, Voy. Eus.sie 3Icrid. iii. p. 133 ; Kjccrb. Orn. Dan. pl.l8 ;

Yarr. Brit. B. i. p. 249; Thomps. B. Irel. p. 174; Schl. Voy.

Nederl. pi. 91 ; Ilewitn. Eyys Brit. B. i. p. 108, pi. 30. fig. 2 ; Schl

Nederl. Voy. pi. 8. figs. 14, 15 ; Sundev. Sv. Foyl. pi. 11. rigs. 3, 4;

Fritsch, Voy. Ear. pi. 25. figs. 2, 3 ; Linderm. Voy. Griechenl. p. 109 ;

Neivton,ed'.Yarr. Brit.B.^. 344; Dresser, B. i?w;-. parts 23, 24, plate.
Pratincola rubetra, Koch, Si/st. Bnier. Zool. p. 191 ; Ilartl. Orn. W.-

Afr. p. 67 ; Grai/, Gen. B. i. p. 179 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 304 ; Cab.

Mus. Hein. Th. i.'p. 10 ; Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 07 ; Janh. et Barth.

Lap. Rich. Orn. p. 225 ; Hartl. J.f. 0. 1861, p. 112 ; Deyl. et Gerbe,

Orn. Earop. i. p. 461 ; Loche, E.vpl. Sci. Alyer. Ois. i. p. 211 ; Gray,

Iland-l. B. i. p. 227, no. 3275; Doderl. Avif. Sicil. p. 113 ; S(dvad.

Ucc. Ital. p. 89 ; Gould, B. Gt. Br. ii. pi. xlvi. ; Bettoni, Ucc.

Lomb. tav. 4; Heuyl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 338; Blanf. Geol. 8^

Zool. Abyss, p. 364 ; Shelley, B. Eyypt, p. 81 ; Finsch, Tr. Z. S.

vii. p. 323 ; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 27; Walden in Dresser, B.

Eur. parts 23, 24 ; Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 57; Severt.z. Turkest. Jevotn.

p. 65 ; Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 337 ; Irby, B. Gibr. p. 80.
Curruca rubetra, Leach, Syst. Cat. Mamm. 8fc. Brit. Mus. p. 24.
(Eiiantbe rubetra, Vieill. N. Diet. xxi. p. 427; Boux, Orn. Prov. pi. 203.
ffinantlie fervida, Vieill. N. Diet. xxi. p. 436.
Saxicola orarapes, Brchm, Isis, 1828, p. 1282.
Saxicola pratorum, Brehm, torn. cit. p. 1282.
Saxicola septentrioualis, Brehm, torn. cit. p. 1282.
Saxicola rubecula (lapsn), Bp. Faun. Ital. Ucc. Introd. p. 8.
Fruticicola rubetra, Macyill. Br. B. ii. p. 271.
Eubetra major, Gray, List Gen. B. 1840, p. 22.
Pratincola fervida, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 179 ; Ilartl. Orn. W.-Afr.

p. 67 ; Cxray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 228, no. 3287.
Pratincola cranipes, Brehm, Xauni. 1855, p. 282.
Pratincola pratorum, Brehm, torn. cit. p. 282.
Pratincola septentrionalLs, Brehm, torn. cit. p. 282.
Pratincola senegalensis, Ilartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 68 ; Gray, Hand-l.

B. i. p. 228, no. 3288.

Adult male in hreedinri-plmnage. General colour above sandy buff,
the feathers with longitudinal central streaks of blackish brown,
imparting a striped appearance to the upper parts, the head rather
darker and with broader streaks ; rump and upper tail-coverts
rufescent buff, streaked with brown, the latter mottled with arrow-
head subtermmal spots of blackish brown ; wing-coverts black, with
a large white patch formed by the inner median and greater coverts,
some of the latter with brown edges near their tips, the adjacent
ones being black, white on the inner web ; primary-coverts white,
tipped with blackish brown, forming an alar speculum ; quills
brown, edged narrowly with dull sandy buff, the bases of the inner
primaries white, the secondaries narrowly tipped with buffy white ;
tail-feathers brown, narrowlv edged with sandv colour, all of them

12. PRATINCOI.A. 181

white at base, increasing in extent towards the outer ones, which
have onl}' the terminal third black, these feathers having also a
narrow tip of pale buff to the inner web, the outennost feather
white along the outer web ; lores and a broad eyebrow white ; sides
of face and ear-coverts blackish brown, washed with golden brown ;
chin and sides of throat white, extending backwards to the sides of
the neck ; throat and under surface of body orange-rufous, the centre
of the breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts buff}' whitish, deep-
ening in colour on the latter ; under wing-coverts ashy white, with
bases of duU grey, the greater series entirely of the latter colour ;
axillaries pale orange-buff, dark brown towards the base of the inner
web ; quills dull brown below, ashy fulvous along the edge of the
inner web ; bill and legs black ; iris dark brown. Total length 4'8
inches, culmen O'-io, wing 3'1, tail 1"S5, tarsus 1.

Adult femah in hreeding-plumage. Differs from the male in beuig
more fulvous above, the dark centres to the feathers less distinctly
indicated, and all the dorsal plumes slightly tipped with a narrow
fulvous edging ; upper tail-coverts as in the male, but instead of a
subterminal spade-shaped spot there is only a bar ; lores and eye-
brow fulvous, not so distinct as in the male ; round the eye a ring
of sandy-buff plumes ; ear-coverts nifous, with narrow shaft-lines
of buffy white ; cheeks huffy wdiite, with a spot of dark brown just
below the ear-coverts : under surface of body as in the male, but
very much paler, as also the under wing-coverts and axillaries ;
wing browner than in the male, the white patch less distinct and
formed only by whitish edges and tips to the feathers : primary -
coverts whitish at base, forming a small speculum ; tail as in the
male, but the feathers more broadly edged with dull fulvous at
the tips. Total length 5 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 3, tail 2-08,
tarsus O'So.

Young male. Like the old female, and with pale whitish tips to
the feathers of the upper surface ; on the fore neck are several spots
of blackish browii.

Hah. Europe, migrating in winter to Senegambia, the Gold Coast,
and to North-eastern Africa.

Mr. J. Baker [C.].
Mr. Quartermaine [C.].
Dr. (Iiiuther [P.l.
Dr. Giiuther [P.l.
R.B. Sharpe,Esq.[P.].
Brussels Museiun [P-l-
Brussels Museum [P.].
Ileury Seebohm, Esq.

[P.-].
Howard Saunders, Esq.

[P.]. _
Canon Tristram [C.].
Purchased.
W. T. Blanford, Esq.

[C.].

a.

b. (S 2 ^^- St.

Cambridgeshire.

c.

(S ad. St.

Stratford-on-Avou.

d.

Juv. St.

Sm-biton, Sept. 2, 1872.

e.

Juv. sk.

Pagham, Sussex, Sept. 9, 1873.

/■

Juv. sk.

Pagham, Sept. 5, 1874.

a-

cJ ad. sk.

Belgium, May 2, 1872.

h.

5 inmi. sk.

Belgium, Dec. 5, 1871.

i.

c5' ad. sk.

Heligoland, May 1877 (i.
Ga/ke).

k.

(S ad. sk.

Malaga, Spain, April 1, 1872.

I.

2 ad. sk.

Mount Carmel, Palestine.

m

. 2 ad. .-^k.

Persia.

ti.

$ juv. sk.

Rairo, Habab.

0.

2 ad. At.

\\'est Africa.

182 MUSC'ICAPIUJE.

2. Pratincola macrorhyncha.

Pratiucola rubetraoides, Jerd. B. Lid. iii. Ajijy. p. 872 {ex Jmneson,
MS.; descr. nidld); Dresser, B. Eur. parts 23, 24 {sub P.
rubetra) ; Htime, Sir. F. 1877, p. 239.

Pratincola rubetra, Hume, Ibis, 1869, p. 355, et 1871, p. 28 {nee L.).

Pratincola macrorhyncha, Sioliezka, J. A. S. B. xli. p. 238 ; Hume,
Sir. F. 187G, p. 40, 1877, pp. 131, 241, 244, 1878, p. 53.

Pratincola jamesoni, Hume, 8tr. F. 1877, p. 239 {nom. emend.).

Adult male. A broad stripe over the eyes and over the greater
portion of the ear-coverts white, with a slight huffy tinge ; lower
part of the lores dusky ; chin, throat, and entire lower parts, in-
cluding lower tail-coverts and tibial x^lumes, white with a yellowish
tinge, and a very feeble rufescent tinge on breast and flanks ; wing-
lining and axillarios pure white, the former slightly mottled with
dusky ; forehead, crown, occiput, nape, back, and scapulars light
sandy buff, striated longitudinally with hair-brown ; rump and upper
tail-coverts white, most of the featliers tinged towards their tips
with pale rusty buff ; primaries and secondaries hair-brown , mar-
gined on the outer webs with light buff and tipped with yellowish
white, the primaries more narrowly, the secondaries more broadly ;
tertiary greater coverts, or, perhaps I should call them, lower sca-
pulars, white ; tertiaries and greater and median secondary coverts
deep brown, broadly margined with pale, more or less rufescent
buff; entire visible portion of lesser coverts pale sandy buff; edge
of wing and outer webs of earlier gxeater primary-coverts pure
white ; tail hair-brown, all the feathers margined on the outer
webs with sandy buff or light yellowish brown, the outer web of
the outermost feather almost entirely of this colour ; all the feathers,
except the central pair, with almost the entire inner webs white ;
the outermost pair have an irregular subterminal brown band from
0*2 to 0"3 inch wide on this web, but the rest have only a small
patch of brown near the shaft close to the tip, the pair next the
centre having the patch rather larger : there are traces of a dark
streak from the base of the lower mandible down either side of the
throat, expanding on the sides of the breast ; doubtless in breeding-
plumage this streak and patch are black or blackish : "• bill and feet
black ; iris brown." Total length 6 inches, culmen 0-7, wing 3,
tail 2-12, tarsus 0-97. {Hume.)

Breedhvj-^lumage. Two or three of both my males and females
have the lower parts of the lores, cheeks, ear-coverts, and entire
sides of the throat (leaving only a narrow pure white stripe down
the centre of the throat) black, the feathers only a little tipped
with pale sandy, which doubtless in the breeding-season entirely
disappears ; also the lesser and median and the secondary greater
wing-coverts and the winglet have become nearly black, only very
narrowly edged with sandy buff, which colour also seems in the
course of disappearing. (Hiimr.)

Adult female in winter plumage. Similar to the male but smaller.

12. PRATIXC'OLA. 183

aud showiug Ihe dark sti'cak and patch much less. Total length
5-5 inches, culmen 0*7, wing 2"9, tail 2, tarsus 0'93. (Hume.)

Obs. For the differences in plumage between this species and P.
rubetra, cf. ilr. Hume's articles {I.e.).

Hub. North-western provinces of India.

3. Pratincola insignis.

Saxicola insigTiis, Hoctr/s. in Grat/'s Zool. Misc. p. 83.
Pratincola iusignis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 129; Bp.

p. 305 ; Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 127 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 228,

no. 3284 ; Dresser, B. Eur. parts 23, 24, note.
Pratincola robustior, Marsh, Str. F. 1875, p. 331.

Adult male (type of species). General colour above black, the
rump-feathers greyer, with white tips, adjoining the upper lail-
coverts, which are pure white ; sides of neck white, almost forming
a collar round the hind neck, the lateral feathers of which are white
tipped with black ; scapulars black, with sandy brown edges ; wings
black, with a large white patch, formed of the innermost of all the
coverts (lesser, median, and greater), together with the bases of all
the secondaries, which are also tipped with white ; primary-coverts
and base of primaries white, forming a large alar speculum ; secon-
daries with narrow margins of sandy brown, more narrow on the
primaries ; tail-feathers black, white at the base, but concealed by
the upper tail-coverts ; the outer feather a little browner towards
the tip, the outermost narrowly edged with light brown along the
outer web : sides of face, cheeks, and ear-coverts black ; throat and
sides of neck white ; fore neck and breast orange-chestnut, the ab-
domen and under tail-coverts buffy whitish, the sides of the body
washed with pale orange-chestnut ; wing-covei'ts black, narrowly
edged with white ; axillaries white with black bases ; quills blackish
below, broadly white at the base of the inner webs, forming a large
patch of white on the inner face of the wing. Total length 6-3
inches, culmen 0-55, wing 3"55, tail 2-5, tarsus 1-1.

Hab. Eastern Himalayas.

a. (S ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

(T^'pe of species. )

4. Pratincola borbonica.

Motacilla borbonica, Bory de St. Vincent, Beyfr. Naturg. Mascar.

p. 152.
Pratincola borbonica, Schl. P. Z. S. 18G6, p. 422 ; Grand. Rev. et

Maq. de Zool. 18157, pp. 88, 359; Schl. et Poll. Fanne Madag.

Ow. p. 94; Sharpe, P.Z.S. 1870, p. 394; Ihrsser, B. Fur. pts.

23, 24, note; Hartl. Vog. Madag. p. 119.

Adult male. General colour above dark earthy brown or choco-
late, slightly varied with centres of more blackish brown ; the lower
back and rump slightly washed with rufous, the upper tail-coverts
decidedly more rufesoent : tail blackish brown, the feathers margined

184 ilUSClCAPIDJE.

with light brown, the outer oues paler towards the tips; wiiig-
coverts and quills rather blacker than the back and edged with
lighter brown, becoming rufcscent on the margins of the innermost
secondaries ; a white patch on the wing, formed bj' the innermost
median and greater wing-coverts, which are also somewhat washed
with brown externally ; lores and a distinct eyebrow dull white ;
feathers in front of and below the eye and ear-coverts blackish,
washed with reddish brown ; sides of neck mixed with white, the
bases to the feathers being white ; cheeks and entire throat white ;
breast and sides of body orange-rufous, the middle of the abdomen
and under tail-coverts buffy white ; under wing-coverts and axil-
laries white, with the external bases black ; " bill black ; feet dark ;
iris brown" {E. Newton). Total length 5-3 inches, culmen 0-5,
wing 2-6, tail 1-9, tarsus 0-85.

Adult female. Not unlike the male, but duller above and paler
below, the white on the wing scarcely perceptible, the innermost
greater coverts being ashy brown, edged or marked with white on
the outer web. Total length 5-4 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 2-5,
tail 2, tarsus 0-9.

Hab. Island of Reunion or Bourbon.

a, b. (5 ad. ; c. d. 2 ad. sk. Reunion {Beicsher). H. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

5. Pratincola salax.

rratiucola salax, J. S,- E. Veri: Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1851, p. 307 ;
JIartl. Oni. Westafr. p. 67 ; Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 39 ;
Hurtl. J. f. O. 18(31, p. 112; Gray, Ann. N. H. (3) x. p. 443;
id. Hand'-l. B. i. p. 228, no. 3279 ; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 615 ;
Reichen. J. f. O. 1875, p. 50.
- Pratincola olax, Strickl. Conti: Orn. 1852, p. 133.

Adult male. General colour above blackish brown, with almost
obsolete edgings of sandy brown, a little more distinct on the sca-
pulars ; upper tail-coverts white; tail-feathers blackish brown,
with edo-ings of lighter brown on the outermost feather ; wings
blackish brown, with remains of pale tips on a few of the greater
ooverts and inner secondaries ; a large white patch on the wing,
caused by the inner median and greater coverts, the innermost
secondaries being also white at the base of the outer web ; lores
biiff extending above the fore part of the eye ; sides of face dark
brown ; sides of neck mottled with white, the feathers being edged
with dull white ; throat ashy whitish, with dark brown base to the
feathers ; fore neck and chest rufous, forming a patch which contrasts
with the rest of the under surface, which is dull ashy white, the
thio-hs darker brown ; under wing-coverts and axiUaries dull white
witli dusky bases ; quills dark brown below, whity brown along the
inner web. Total length 5-2 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 2-8, tail 2-1,

tarsus 1.

Adult female. Different from the male. Above earthy brown,
with darker brown centres to the feathers, imparting to the upper
surface a somewhat mottled appearance ; upper tail-coverts white ;

12. piuxiNCor.i. 185

tail-feathers dark brown, with obsolete narrow margins of lighter
brown ; wings brown, with a patch of white almost as distinct as iu
the male ; primary-coverts and tips of secondaries with obsolete
whity-brown edges ; lores buffy white ; sides of face brown, with
whitish shaft^lines to the ear-coverts ; throat ashy whitish, with
dark bases to the feathers ; fore neck and breast rufous, the rest of
the under surface white ; the sides of the upper breast brown, the
feathers of this part of the body having white bases ; under wing-
coverts and axillaries brown, with paler brown edges : quills below
dark brown, lighter brown along the inner webs. Total length 4"-4
inches, culmen 0-4o, wing 2-45, tail 1'85, tarsus 0-8.

Young [ma?«]. Blackish brown like the adult, with longitudinal
fulvous-brown streaks ; wing-coverts tipped with lighter brown ;
white upper tail-coverts edged with dusky ; tail black, tipped with
white ; under surface of body rufous, the throat paler, and mottled
with blackish liases to the feathers.

Obs. The Gaboon birds are smaller than those from the Cameroous,
but this may be owing to their being females. In this species the
female appears to have a red breast-patch like the male.

Hab. West Africa: Cameroons and Gaboon.

a. cJ ad. sk. Cameroons Mountains, 7000 ft. Major Burton [P-J-

b. c? juv. sk. Mount Isabel, Cameroons. Major Burton [P.J.
e. 5 ad. sk. Gaboon (Du Chailhi). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
d. 5 ad. sk. Gaboon. R. B. ShaiTe, Esq.

6. Pratincola rubicola.

The Stonechat.

Jje Traquet, Bn's.i. Orn. iii. p. 428, pi. 2.3. fig. 2 : Daiiheid. PL Enl.

vi. pi. 678. hg. 1.
Motacilla rubicola, Linn. Syst. Xat. i. p. .3o2.
Stone-chat, Lath. Gen. Syn. iv. p. 448.
Sylvia muscipeta, Scopoli, Aim. i. p. 159.
Sylvia rubicola, Latfi. Ltd. Orn. ii. p. 523.
Saxicola rubicola, Bechst. Orn. Ta^chenb. i. p. 220, cum figs. 1, 2 ;

Temm. Man. d'Orn. i. p. 240 ; Naum. Vog. Deutschl. iii. pi. 90.

tigs. 3, 4, 5 ; Werner, Atlas, Insectivores, pi. 74 ; Gould, B. Eur.

ii. pi. 94; Nordm. m Demid. Voy. Bussie Mer-id. iii. p. 132; Yai^.

Brit. B. i. p. 24.T ; Kjm-b. Orn. Dan. pi. 18 ; Thomps. B. Irel.

i. p. 172; Schl. Voy.' Nederl. pi. 92; Ifetcitg. Egys Brif. B. i.

p. 107, pi. 30. fig. 1 ; 8c/d. Nederl. Voy. pi. 8. fig. IC ; Siindev. Sv.

Fogl. pi. 66. fig. 2; Frifsch, Voy. Eur. tab. 25. fig. 4; Linderm.

Voq. Griechenl. p. 109 ; Neivton, ed. Yarr. Brit. B. p. 339 ; Dresser,

B. 'Em: parts 28, 24, plate.
Pratincola rubicola, A'ooA, Syst. Better. Zool. p. 192 ; Gray, Gen. B.

i. p. 179 ; Cah. Mas. Hein. Th. i. p. 10 ; Bp. Comp. 'i. p. 304 ;

Hurtl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 66; Jaiib. et Barth.-Lapomm. Bic/i. Orn.

p. 226; Hart/. J.'f. O. 1861, p. 112 ; Deql. et Gerbe, Orn. Eur. i.

J). 462 ; Loche, Eipl. Sci. Alger. Oi.t. i. p." 213 ; Gvu/d, B. Gt. Br.

li. pi. 47 ; Bettoni, Ucc. Lomb. i. tav. 66 ; Grai/, Jhtnd-l. B. i.

p. 227, no. 3274 ; Sahad. Ucc. Hal. p. 90 ; Dtiderl. Arif. Sinl.

p. 113; SJielleif, B. Eqypt, p. 81; Walden, in Dresser, B. Eur.

parts 23, 24 ; 'irby, B. 'Gibr. p. 80.
Curruca rubicola, Leach, Syst. Cat. Mamm. S,-c. Brit. Mus. p. 24.

VOL. IV. 0

lS(j MUsc'icAi'iii.i;.

(Enantlie rubicoLi, Vicill. N. Diet. xxi. p. 429.

(Enanthe rubicolla. Roii.v, Oni. I'rov. pi. 202.

Saxicola f'ruticeti, iin-/un, Isis, 1828, p. 1282.

Saxicolii media, Brehm, I'oiii. cit. p. 1282.

Saxicola tytis, Brehm, torn. cit. p. 1282.

Saxicola urbicola, Kiister, Isin, 1835, p. 217.

Fruticola nibicola, Macgill. Brit. B. ii. p. 270.

Motacilla rupicola (lapsu), Zawudzki, Faun. <iali^.-ht(kmvi)tischen Wirb.

p. 38 (1840, teste Tiveedchdc).
Saxicola maura, Brehm, Naam. 1855, p. 28.'> {wc PidL).

Adult male in breeding-plumage. General colour abovo jet-black,
with more or less distinct remains of saudj--brown edgings to
the feathers, esj)ecially on the scapulars ; upper tail-coverts white
with subterminal spots of black, the tips being also slightly shaded
with sandy buff; wings black, with remains of whitish edgings on
the greater coverts and at the tips of the secondaries, the latter
being also margined with sandy brown ; a large shoulder-patch of
white, formed by the innermost median and greater coverts and the
bases to the inner secondaries ; tail dark brown, with edgings and
tips of sandy brown on all the feathers, particularly the outermost,
which has a narrow sandy-brown margin along the outer web ;
sides of face, ear-coverts, and entire throat black, with obsolete
remains of sandy margins ; fore neck and entire breast orange-
rufous ; the feathers on the sides of the breast white with rufous
tips ; on the sides of the neck a large patch of white, reaching in a
triangular form to the edge of the throat ; rest of under surface
huffy white, the flanks washed with orange-rufous ; under wing-
coverts and axillaries white with black bases ; quills blackish brown
below, white along the edge of the inner web. Bill and legs black ;
iris dark brown. Total length -I'O inches, culmen 0-5, wing 2-6,
tail 1-0, tarsus 0 9.

Adult male in iv inter plumage. Differs from the summer plumage
in being sandy bi-own above ; the black feathers of the upper surface
being very broadly edged with this colour, and producing a mottled
appearance where the black bases to the feathers show through ;
wings black, all the feathers plainly edged with sandy brown,
inclining to buffy white at the tips of the median, greater, and
primary coverts and of the secondary quills ; upper tail-coverts
rufous, with concealed white bases and distinct subterminal spots
of black; tail-feathers dark brown, edged with sandy brown and
distinctly tipped with fulvous ; black feathers on the sides of the
face and throat obscured by broad margins of sandy buff; the white
feathers on the sides of the neck scarcely distinguishable, and
obscured by broad tips of sandy rufous ; the white feathers on the
sides of the upper breast with a tip of dusky brown to each ; rufous
feathers of the breast and flanks edged with sandy buff', the abdo-
men and the under tail-coverts being of the latter colour.

Ohs. The summer plumage is gained by the weiiring away of the
light edgings to the feathers, and not by a distinct moult.

Adult female. General colour above sandy brown, with dark brown
centres to the feathers, producing a mottled appearance : the upper

12. PRiTIXCOLA. LS7

tail-coverts rufescent, with concealed wliite marks about the middle
of the feathers, which are longitudinally streaked towards the tip
with blackish brown ; wings blackish brown with broad sand)'-
coloured margins ; tlie white wing-patch smaller tlmn in the male,
but formed in the same manner ; tail-feathers dark brown, edged
with sandy buff, more distinct on the outermost feather, all of them
having sandy-buff tips ; lores and an indistinct eyebrow fulvous ;
ear-coverts darker brown, streaked with fulvous ; throat ashy buff,
with concealed blackish bases to the feathers, and an indistinct spot
of black on the lower throat, on each side of the latter a triangular
patch of white running up behind the ear-coverts ; fore neck, breast,
and sides of body pale orange-rufous ; abdomen, thighs, and under
tail-coverts sandy buff ; under wing-coverts and axillaries white
with blackish bases ; quills dusky brown below, edged with white
along the iuner web. Total length 5 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 2-5,
tail 1-9, tarsus 0-85.

The winter plumage of the female does not differ much from the
summer dress, excepting that the general tone of coloration is
browner, the feathers of the upper surface being more broadly edged
with brown ; the throat is entirely ashy buff, the black jugular
spot, as well as the white on the sides of the neck, being completely
obscured.

Young. Mottled ;- general colour above blackish brown, with grey
bases to the feathers, each of which has a triangular spot of buff
near the tip ; head streaked with the latter colour ; rump and upper
tail-coverts rufescent, mottled with brown edgings to the feathers ;
wings dark ])rown, with broad rufescent margins to the wing-coverts
and quills ; tail-feathers dark brown, edged and tipped with sandy
rufous, broader on the outermost feather ; lores dull whitish with
fulvous tips ; round the eye a ring of buff feathers ; ear-coverts
dark brown streaked with fulvous; cheeks and throat ashy fulvous,
the latter slighfly mottled with browu tips ; rest of under surface
pale rufous-buff; fore neck and breast mottled with brown tips to
the feathers.

Hab. Europe, extending into Palestine and eastwards into Russia,
its range coalescing with that of F. maara probably somewhere in
the watershed of the Volga river, perhaps between that river and
the Don.

Mr. J. Baker [C.].

K. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

Brussels Museum [P.].
Howard Saunders, Esq.

[P.].
Sir C. Fellows [P.].
Cauou Tristram [C.].
Ca:ion Tristram [C.].

0 2

a.

(S ad. St.

Great Britain.

b.

c. cS2 ad

. St.

Turnhaiu Green.

d.

$ ad. ; e.

Juv. sk.

Pagham, Sussex,
1874.

Sept.

/•

2 ad. sk.

Avington, Hants,
11th, 187:3.

Nov.

!l-

(S ad. sk.

Belgium, ;\lay 2,

1872.

h.

S ad. sk.

Seville, Dec, 7lh,

18u9.

i.

cS ad. sk.

Xantlius, Asia M

imir.

k.
I.

J ad. sk.
$ ad. sk.

Sidoii.
Jericho.

188 MrsciOAnuj!.

7. Pratincola maura.

Motaeilla maura, FuU. Rets. ii. Aiilianir, p. 708 ; Gm. S. N. i. p. 975.
Tschecantschiki, Lepechin, N. Comm. Petrop. xv. p. 487, pi. 25. tig. 3 ;

id. Tai/eb. Beise Jims. Efichs, ii. p. 18G.
Moor Warbler, Lath. Gen. Syn. iv. p. 458.
Sylvia maura. Lath. Jnd. Orn. ii. p. 526.
Syhia tsuhecantschia, id. torn. cit. p. 552.
(Enanthe maura, Vieill. N. Diet, d' Hist. Nat. xxi. p. 428.
Saxicola rubicola {nee L.), Frank!. P. Z. S. 1831, p. 119; Sykes,

P. Z. S. 18:52, p. 91 ; Temm. Sr Schl. Faun. Japon. Aves, p. 58;

Middcnd. Pris. Sibir. p. 174 ; Schrenek, lieis. Amurlande, p. 358 ;

Raddc, Sihir. Peis. ii. p. 247.
Saxicola saturatior, Hodgs. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 83.
Pratincola indica, Blyth, J. A. S'. B. xvi. p. 129; id. Cat. B. Mus.

A. 8. B. p. 170 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 305 ; GuuU, B. Asia, pt. xv.
Jerd. B. Jnd. ii. p. 124 ; Graif, JJand-l. B. i. p. 228, no. 3283
Stvinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 3fi0; Cock i<>- Marsh, Str. F. 1873, p. 355
Lloyd, Jbis, 1873, p. 411 ; Ball, S. F. 1874, p. 413; Blyth 4- Wold

B. Bitrm. p. 102 ; Brooks, S. F. 1875, p. 238 ; Butler, t. e. p. 475
Sewrfz. t. c. p. 429 ; Scidly, S. F. 1870, p. 142 ; Fairb. t. c. p. 259
Brooks, t. c. p. 274 ; Ar7nstr. t. c. p. 327 ; Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool.
France, i. p. 145 ; Inglis, S. F. 1877, p. 36 ; Przew. in Rowley,
Orn. il//sc. part vi. p. 185 ; David ^ Oustal. Ois. Chine, ip. 167;
JJume f Davison, S. F. 1878, p. 334.

Saxicola indica, Gray, Gen. B. iii. App. p. 8. -

Pratincola saturatior, Jlorsf. .^- M., Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 285.

Pratincola sybilla, Horsf. k Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.L Co. i. p. 286

(nee Linn.).
Saxicola rubicola, var. hempricbii, i2«(?rf(». Sib. R. ii. p. 247, pi. 9. fig. 2.
Pratincola robusta, Tristr. Jbis, 1870, p. 497 ; Brooks, Str. F. 1876,

p. 274 ; JIume, Str. F. 1877, p. 131, et 1878, p. 335.
Pratincola rubicola sybilla, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 340 {nee

L.).
Pratincola pastor, Blanf. Geol. Sf- Zool. Aby---s. p. 364 {nee Voigt) ;

Finsch, Tr. Z. S. vii. p. 323.
Pratincola rubicola, pt., Sex^ertz. Tiirkest. Jevotn. p. 65 ; Dresser, B.

Eur. parts 23, 24 ; id. Ibis, 1875, p. 337 ; Htane, Nests and Eggs

Jnd. B. p. 316 ; Waldcn in Blyth, B. Burm. p. 102 ; Seebohm ^

Brown, Jbis, 1876, p. 216.
Pratincola albosuperciliari.?, Hume, Str. F. 1873, p. 307.
Pratincola rubetra, Marsh, Str. F. 1875, p. 330 {lapsu).

Adult male in hreeding-plumcuje (Yen-e-say Valley, East Siberia,
lat. 66^°, June 22, 1877). General colour above jet-black, with a
few remains of sandy edgings to tbo scapulars and dorsal plumes ;
some of the scapulars ti])ped with white ; wings black, the quills
browner, with obsolete sandy-brown margins to the wing-coverts
and secondaries ; a large white wing-patch, formed of the inner,
median, and greater coverts and the bases to the inner secondaries;
rump and upper tail-coverts pure white ; tail-feathers black, white
at the extreme base ; sides of face and throat black like the head ;
sides of neck white, flanking the sides of the lower throat and of
the upper breast ; fore neck and chest orange-rufous ; breast, abdo-
men, sides of body, and under tail-coveits white, with a very faint

12. I>KAlI^■coLA. 189

wash of fulvous on the flauks ; uuder wiu^-coverts and axillaries
jet-black, with uarrow and almost obsolete white tips ; quills broMTi
below, white at base and along the edge of the inner web ; bill
black; feet black: iris dark brown. Total length 4-3 inches,
culmen 0-45, wing 2-6, tail 1-8, tarsus 0-9. {Mus. If. Seehohm.)

Adult female (Valley of the Yen-e-sa}', June 11th, 1877).
General colour above brown with sandy-buff edges to the feathers,
broader and more extended on the scajjulars ; wings dark brown,
with sandy-brown margins to the feathers, the greater series with
buff tips, the secondaries tipped with whitish ; a smaller white
patch than in the male, formed by the innermost median and greater
coverts and the concealed bufi'y-white bases of the innermost secon-
daries ; rump and upper tail-coverts reddish buff, the latter slightly
marked with brown ; tail dark brown with very narrow fulvous
tips and margins to the outer feather ; a narrow frontal line, lores,
feathers above and round the eye fulvous ; ear-coverts dark brown,
streaked with fulvous ; sides of neck mottled, being sandy buff with
dark brown centres to the feathers ; cheeks aud throat dull ashy
fulvous ; remainder of under surface of body pale sandy bufi", a few
of the feathers of the fore neck and chest with orange-rufous centres ;
under wing-coverts ashy fulvous, the axillaries sandy buff with dark
brown bases to the feathers. Total length 4-2 inches, eulmen U-45,
wing 2-6, tail 1-75, tarsus 0-85. (Mus. H. Seehohm.)

Hah. India, Burmese countries, extending eastwards to China
and Japan ; throughout Siberia, westwards to the Petchora river
in Northern Russia, and south of the Ural river. In the Eastern
Himalayas a large race (P. rohxistd, Tristr.) is found (cf. Hume,
Str. F. 1877, p. 244).

a. (J ad. sk. Ust Zylma, Petchora Henry Seebohm, Esq.

River, May 25, 1875. [P.'].

b. (S ad. sk. Yen-e-sav Valley, 67° N. Henry Seebohm, Esq

lat., July 4, 1877. [P.].

c. d. c5" 9 ad. sk. Kuschowat, Ob River, Dr. Otto Finsch I C.I.

July 11, 1876.

e. (S imm. sk. India.

/. (S hiem. sk. India. Capt. W. Elliot.

y. 6 ad. sk. Siudh. Dr. Heurv Gould ' P.].

h. $ ad. sk. Ghuzni. Dr. HenrV Gould IP.].

'■ c? ad. sk. Cashmere. R. B.Shai-pe, Esq. [P.].

k, I. ^ ad.;w), n. $ ad. N.W. Himalayas. Capt. Stackhouse Pin-

sk.

wi

11 [P.].

.p. d imm. sk. N.W. Himalayas. Capt. Stackhouse Pin-

will [P.].
d ad. ; t-io. (S Nepal. B. II. Hodgson, Esq.

hiem. sk.

[P.].

x-c'. S ad. ; d'. Juv. sk. Nepal. B. II. Hodgson, Esq.

e\ (S hieui. sk. Darjiliug. Secretary of State for

India '[P.].

f. 6 hieju. sk. Darjiling ('7'. ('. J«vf/y«). C. Bvgrave Wharton,

E84. [P.].

9'- 6;ft',t'- ? ad.sk. Behar. B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

[P.1.

!!)() MUSCICAPID.B.

k\ /'. c? ? ad. sk. Kamptee, C. India. Dr. B. Hiiide [P.].

»)'. (S hiem. sk. Assam. Secretary of State for

India [P.l.
«. c? Idem. sk. Upper Burmah. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.].

o'. 5 ad. sk. Bhaman, Upper Burmah, Dr. J. Anderson [C.].

Jan. 3. 1868.
;/. c? Idem. sk. Tsitkau, Upper Burmah, Dr. J. Anderson [C.].

Feb. 2, 1875.
n'. c? Idem. sk. Teuasserim. J. CD. Packman,

/■'. cT ad. sk. Si'naf<5, Tigv6, 7500 feet. W. T. Blanford,

■s', t'. cJ ? ad. sk. Adigrat, 8000 feet. W. T. Blanford,

«'. c? ad. sk. Moiintains of Abyssinia. Sir W. C. Harris [G.].

in,Esq.[P.].
1, Esq. [C.J.
\, Esq. [C.].

8. Pratincola torquata.

Le Gobe-mouche a collier du Cap de Bonne Espt^rance, Brisson, Orn.

ii. p. 379, pi. 36. fig. 4 ; Daubent. IH. Enl v. pi. 672. fig. 2.
Muscicapa torquata, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 328.
Cape Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Syn. iii. p. 326.
Le Traquet patre, Lewtill. Ois. d'Afr. iv. p. 88, pi. 180. figs. 1, 2 ;

Sundev. Crit. um Levcnll. p. 44.
ffinanthe rubicola, var., Vieill. N. Diet. cVHist. Nat. xxi. p. 435.
Motacilla (Saxicola) pastor, Voigt, ed. Cuv. Regne Anim. i. p. 511.
Pratincola pastor, Strickl. Ann. N. H. 1844, p. 410 ; Layard, B. S.

Afr. p. Ill ; Dresser, B. Eur. parts 23, 24, note; Antin. ^- Salvad.

Vioyg. Bogos, p. 103.
Pratincola sybilla, Cah. Mus. Ileiii. Th. i. p. 10 {nee L.).
Pratincola torquata, Sundev. Crit. oni Levaill. p. 44 ; Grill, Zool. An-

teckn. p. 27 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 227, no. 3276 ; Sharpe, Cat.

Afr. B. p. 28 ; Gurney in Anderss. B. Dam. Ld. p. 162 ; Sharpe,

ed. Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 251.
Pratincola rubicola, Chapm. Trav. in S. Afr. ii. App. p. 399.

Adidt male in hreeding-plumage. General colour above black, with
a few remains of sandy-brown edgings to the scapulars and feathers
of the lower back ; wing-coverts black, with narrow and nearly
obsolete white edgings to the greater and primary-coverts ; inner
median and inner greater coverts pure white, forming a large patch
on the wings ; quills dark brown, with obsolete edgings of whity
brown, a little plainer on the tips of the secondaries, the innermost
of which are white at the base ; feathers of lower back black, with
white tips where they adjoin the rump, Avhich is white as well as
the upper tail-coverts ; tail blackish, browner towards the tip and
white at the extreme base, the outer feathers obsoletely margined
with whity browir ; sides of face, throat, and fore neck black like
the crown ; sides of neck white, forming a half-collar, the feathers
adioining the hind neck white with black tips ; breast orange-chest-
nut, fading rather paler on the flanks, the abdomen buffy whitish,
the under tail-coverts white ; on each side of the upper breast a
patch of pure white feathers connected with the white on the sides
of the neck ; under wing-coverts black, with broad white edges ;
axillaries white, with black bases ; quills brown below, whitish
along the inner web ; bill and feet black : iris dark hazel. Total
length 5-2 inches, culmen Q-o, wing 2-75, tail 2-15, tarsus 0'95.

12. PRATINCOLA. 191

Adult male in ivinter plumage. Differs from the summer plumage
in having the whole of the hlack feathers ohscured by dull rusty-
coloured edges, which are found even on the throat and the chestnut
breast-feathers ; white neck-patch obscured by rusty margins to the
plumes ; white bases to the iuner secondaries broader, and these
feathers sometimes so broadly edged with white as to form a narrow
longitudinal bar down the wing.

Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above
dark brown, the feathers lighter and more fulvous-brown on their
edges, imparting a somewhat mottled appearance ; head slightly
darker than the back, the pale edgings to the feathers not so appa-
rent ; wing-coverts and quills dark brown, edged with ligliter brown,
the white wing-patch not so conspicuous as in the male, the inner
median coverts being merely tipped with white, while the inner
greater coverts are white more or less washed with brown markings,
the innermost secondaries white at the base ; upper tail-coverts
white, the longer ones with blackish tips ; lores and a tolerably
distinct eyebrow fulvous ; sides of face also fulvous, the upper edge
of the ear-coverts brown ; chin ashy fulvous, the lower throat mot-
tled with dark brown bases to the feathers, as also are the hinder
cheeks ; remainder of under surface orange-chestnut, the abdomen,
thighs, and under tail-coverts fulvous ; sides of upper breast brown ;
under wing-coverts ashy whitisli, with blackish bases to the feathers ;
quills brown below, fulvescent along the inner web. Total length
5-5 inches, culmen O'O, wing 2*5, tail 2-1, tarsus 0'85.

Hab. South Africa.
«. c? ad. sk. South .\frica. Purchased.

h. (S ad. sk. South Africa. J. Rocke, Esq. [P.].

c. (J ad. sk. South Afi-ica. Capt. Stanley IP.].

d. c? ad. sk. Natal. R. 13. Sharps, Esq.

e. (^ ad. sk. Transvaal ( T. Ai/res). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
/. $ ad. sk. Zambesi (Meller). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
g. S ad. St. Cape of Good Hope.

h. 5 ad. St. Cape of Good Mope. Sir Andrew Smith [C.].

9. Pratincola sybilla.

Le Traquet de Madagascar, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 439, pi. 24. fig. 4.

Motacilla svbilla, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 337.

Le Fitert, Buf. Nat. Hist. Ois. v. p. 231.

Sybil Warbler, Lath. Gen. Syn. iv. p. 450.

Sylvia sybilla, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 523.

PVatiucola sybilla, Bp. Consp. i. p. 304; Hartl. Faune Madag. p. 38
Roch 4- E. Newt. Ibis, 1862, p. 272 ; E. Neut. Ibis, 1803, p. 34-5
A. Newt. P. Z. S. 1865, p. 836 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 227, no. 3277
Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 394 ; id. Cat. Afr. B. p. 28 ; Dresser, B.
Eur. parts 23, 24, note ; llurtl. Tog. Madag. p. 121.

Pratincola pastor (nee Voigt), Hartl. Faune Madag. p. 39; Grandid.
Per. et Mag. de Znol. 18(i7, p. 3.VJ.

Saxicola torquata, ScM. Hf Poll. Faun. Madag. Ois. p. 93.
Adult male in breedin-f-plumage. tieneral colour above jet-black,
the upper tail-coverts white ; tail black, browner towards the ti2)S
of the outer feathers ; wings bhtck. with obsolete browner margins

1 92 i' rscicAPi D.E.

\o tile i|uills, and baviug a large white patch, formed of the iuuor-
luowt median and greater coverts and the white bases to the inner-
most secondaries ; sides of face, throat, and fore neck black, succeeded
by a small chest-itatch of orange-chestnut, the whole of the breast,
abdomen, and under tail-coverts being pure white, which encroaches
along the sides of the breast and extends on the sides of the neck,
where it forms almost a half-collar, the adjoining feathers of the
hind neck being black with more or less white on their outer webs ;
under Aving-coverts black, with narrow white edges ; axillaries
white, with dusky grey bases ; (juills blackish below, edged with
white along the inner webs ; " bill black ; feet lead-colour ; iris
dusky " (Ilartlaub). Total length -i-9 inches, culmcn 0-5, wing 2-6,
tail 2, tarsus 0*9 .

Adult Male in ivinter plaiiiuije. Differs from the summer plumage
in having the black plumage obscured by sandy-rufous edgings to
the feathers.

Adult feiuale. Different from the male. General colour above
blackish brown, the feathers obscurely margined with ashy fulvous,
producing a mottled appearance, which is more conspicuous on the
head ; wing-coverts and quills blackish brown, with ashy fulvous
margins, and having a small white patch, produced by the innermost
' median and greater coverts and the white bases to the innermost
secondaries ; upper tail-coverts sandy rufous with white bases ;
tail-feathers dark brown, lighter brown at their tips and inclining
to whity brown at the end and along the outer web of the external
feathers ; lores, feathers round the eye, and an indistinct eyebrow
ashy whitish, with dusky bases to the feathers ; ear-coverts rufescent
brown, with fulvous streaks along the centre of the feathers ; cheeks
and sides of neck mottled, the plumes being brown with fulvous or
white edgings ; throat ashy whitish, slightly washed with rufous,
the shaft-streaks white, the lower feathers edged with brown ; fore
neck and chest pale orange-rufous, the sides of the body, thighs,
and under tail-coverts washed with the same colour ; centre of the
breast and abdomen buffy white ; under wing-coverts and axillaries
white, with dusky grey ba^es ; quills ashy brown below, whitish
along the edge of the inner webs. Total length 4-4 inches, culmen
0-5, wing 2-55, tail 2, tarsus 0-9.

Young. Blackish brown above, varied with longitudinal streaks of
fulvous down the feathers, smaller on the head ; the back and sca-
pulars washed with dull sandy rufous, T\'ith a black terminal edging;
wing-coverts and quills blackish brown, tipped with sandy rufous or
buffy white, the inner secondaries more broadly edged with rufous,
the white wing-patch only represented by white mesial streaks to
the inner greater coverts ; upper tail-coverts dull sandy rufous ;
tail-feathers blackish brown, edged with sandy rufous, and becoming
paler towards the ends, which have pale brown tips and terminal
margins ; feathers over the eye and ear-coverts blackish, longitudi-
nally streaked with sandy buff; lores fulvcscent, with lighter shaft-
lines ; throat dull buflf-colour, mottled with dark brown edges to
tbe feathers ; remainder nf under surface dull orLinge-rufous, edged

12. PBATINCOLA, ] 93

■nith dark brown, tlie lower abdomen and under tail- coverts uni-
form sandy buff, without brown edges to the feathers ; under wing-
coverts and axillaries whitish, with dusky bases ; quills dark brown
below, buffy whitish along the edge of the inner webs.
Hub. Madagascar.

a,b. (S 2 ad. sk. Mohanibo, Madagascar. ]\Ir. Garrard [C.].

c. Juv.sk. Madagascar. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [Rl.

d. c? ad. sk. N.E. Madagascar. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

e. S ad. sk. Tintingue, 18G9. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
t. d ad. sL Bay of Autouzil. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

10. Pratincola hemprichi.

Saxicola hemprichii, Ehrenb. Synth. Phys. fol. aa.

Pratincola hemprichii, Bp. Cunsp. i. p. 304 ; Cab. Mm. Hein. Th. i
p. 11 ; Gray, Hund-J. B. i. p. 227, no. 3278 ; Shelley, B. Egypt, p. 82
Blanf. Geol. S, Zool. Abyss, p. 364 ; Fiiisth, Tr. Z. S. vii. p. 323
Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 65, 120 ; Dresser, Ibis, 1875. p. 338 ,
id. B. Eur. parts 23, 24, note; Hume, S. F. 1875, p. 239, note,
1877, p. 244 ; Antin. 8f Snlvad. Viayg. Bogus, p. 104.

Pratincola rubicola hemprichii, Hengl. Oni. N.O.-Afr. p. 339.

Adult male. General colour above black, with remains of pale
sandy-coloured edgings to the feathers ; rump and upper tail-coverts
white, ti])ped with rufous ; tail-feathers black, margined and tipped
with sandy buff, more distinctly on the two outermost, aU the
feathers white for two thirds of their length, excepting the centre
pair, which are white only at their base : wings black, with narrow
sandy-buff margins to the feathers, more distinct on the secondaries :
a large white wing-patch formed of the inner, median, and greater
coverts and the innennost secondaries, the latter being black along
their middle ; sides of head and throat black : throat and breast
orange-chestnut; centre of the body fulvous, the flanks washed with
pale orange-chestnut ; under tail-coverts whiter ; on the sides of the
neck a conspicuous triangular patch of white ; sides of the upper
breast white, washed with orange ; under wing-coverts black with
white edges : axillaries white with black bases ; quills blackish be-
low, edged with white along the inner webs ; bill and legs black ;
iris dark brown. Total length 4-7 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2-85,'
tail 2, tarsus O'So.

Adult female. General colour above sandy buff, varied with darker
brown centres to the feathers ; upper tail-coverts white, washed with
pale rufous, the longer ones with a brown spot at the tip; tail-
feathers dark brown, edged and tipped with sandy buff, more distinct
on the outer ones; wings blackish brown, with" distinct edgings of
sandy buff, narrower on the primaries ; the white wing-patch distinct
and formed as in the male ; base of forehead and lores sandy buff,
extending over the fore part of the eye and forming an indistinct
eyebrow : roimd the eye a ring of fulvous feathers ; ear-coverts
darker brown, obscured by sandy brown edgings : throat ashy
fulvous, with a blackish spot on the lower part where the dark bases

194 iirscicAPiD.i':.

to the feathers show through ; fore neck, breast, and sides of body
pale orange-rufous ; the centre of the body buffy whitish, pure white
on the under tail-coverts ; under wing-coverts and axillaries whitish
with dusky bases ; quills ashy brown below, whitish along the inner
webs. Total length 4-8 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 2"6, tail 1-9,
tarsus 0-S.

Hab. N.E. Africa, ranging to South-eastern Europe as high as
tlie river Ural in 47° N. lat. {teste Severtzoff).

a. (5 ad. .sk. Annesley Bav, Abyssinia. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C.].

h. ?$ ad. sk. Thebes, 'Egypt. Dr. Leith Adams [P.].

c. 5 ad. sk. Bogos Land {Esler). R. B. Sharps, Esq.

11. Pratincola leucura.

Pratincola leucura, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 474 ; id. Cat. B. Mus.
A. S. B. p. 170; Bp. Consp. i. p. 305; Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 126;
Gotdd, B. Asia, part xviii. ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 228, no. 3285 ;
Hume, Str. F. 1873, p. 183, 1874, p. 478, 1875, p. 1.35 ; Blyth Sf
Wald. B. Burm. p. 102 ; Hume 8f Davison, S. F. 1878, p. 335.

Adult male in summer plumage. General colour above jet-black,
with remains of sandy-brown edgings to the scapulars ; rump a httle
greyer than the back ; upper tail-coverts white, two centre tail-
feathers blackish brown, white at the base, the remaining feathers
dark brown on the outer web, white on the inner ; the wings black,
the quills browner, with obsolete paler margins ; a white wing-
patch, formed by the innermost median and greater coverts and the
white outer webs of the innermost secondaries ; sides of the head and
throat black, followed by a patch of orange-rufous occupying only
the fore neck and chest ; remainder of under surface white, slightly
washed with orange on the sides of the body ; on each side of the
lower throat a triangular white patch reaching backwards onto the
sides of the neck ; under wing-coverts black edged with white, the
axillaries white with black bases ; quills dull brown below, whitish
along the inner webs. Total length 4-8 inches, culmen 0-45, wing
2-6, tail 1-9, tarsus 0-8.

Adult male in u'inter p)lumage. Above sandy brown, almost uni-
form, the black centres to the feathers being etfectually concealed ;
upper tail-coverts white, sandy rufous at their ends ; tail-feathers
dark brown, edged with sandy colour, the inner webs white, slightly
shaded with sandy buff at the tips ; wings black, with broad sandy-
brown edges to the feathers, the inner secondaries margined with
rufous, some of the feathers forming the white wing-patch edged
with brown ; a loral line of ashy white ; feathers in front of and
round the eye black, with sandy-brown edgings ; throat black,
obscured by ashy-whitish margins to the feathers ; on each side of
the lower throat a white patch half concealed by rufous tips to the
feathers ; breast and sides of body orange-rufous, the feathers edged
with sandy buff ; plumes on the sides of the upper breast white,
tipped rufous ; under wing-coverts and axillaries white with dusky

12. I'RAriNCOl.A. 105

Adult female. General colour above earthy browu, with more or
less distinct remains of sandy-brown edges ; upper tail-coverts sandy
buff; tail-feathers brown, dull white along the basal portion of the
inner Aveb; wings brown, with huffy-white tips to the greater
coverts ; wing-patch smaller than in the males, formed by the white
outer webs of the innermost median and greater coverts, the outer
webs of the innermost secondaries being also dull white near the
base ; lores fulvous, extending over the fore part of the eye ; round
the latter a ring of sandy buff; ear-coverts brown, with fulvous
shaft-lines ; cheeks and throat white ; breast and sides of body paler
orange-buff, the centre of the abdomen buify white ; under wing-
coverts and axillaries pale sandy buff with dusky bases ; quills
brown below, whitish along the edge of the inner web. Total
length 5 inches, culmen 0-5, Aving 2-4:5, tail 2, tarsus 0-8.

JIab. India and Burmese countries.

a. (Jad.sk. N.W.Himalayas. Capt. StackhousePinwill[P.].

b,c. d" 5 aestiv. sk. Upper Biirmah. T. 0. Jerdon, Esq. [P.].

d. c? hiem. sk. Upper Burmah. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.].

12. Pratincola caprata.

La Traquet de I'isle de Lujon, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 444, pi. 24. figs. 2, 3 ;

Dauhent. PI. Enl. vi. pi. 235.
Motacilla caprata, Linn. S. Nat. i. p. 335; Martens, J.f. 0. 18G6, p. 10.
CEnautbe caprata, Tieill. N. Did. xxi. p. 433.
Saxicola fruticola, Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xii. p. 157.
Saxicola bicolor, Sijkes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 92.
Saxicola erythi-opygia, Si/kes, t. c. p. 92.
Motacilla sylvatica, Tickell, J. A. S. B. ii. p. 575.
Saxicola caprata, Jerd. Madr. J. x. p. 265; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 179;

id. Cat. B. Nepal coll. JIuclfjs. p. 71 ; Finsch, Neu-Gitinea, p. 167.
Saxicola meloleuca, Hodgs. Icon. ined. Passeres, pi. 98 {Kodr/s. no. 420):

id, in Grai/'s Zool. 3Iisc. p. 83.
Pratincola caprata, Bh/th, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 129; id. Cat. B. Mus.

A. S. B. p. 169 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 305 ; Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 11 ;

Horsf. S,- Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 284 ; Jerd. B. Ind.

ii. p." 123 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 228, no. 3282 ; Holdsio. P. Z. S.

1872, p. 454; Hume, Str.F. 1873, f. 182 ; AdaiJi, t. c. -p. 379 ; Ball,

Str. F. 1874, p. 413 ; Hume, t. c. p. 477, et 1875, p. 134 ; id. Nests

and Eqgs Ind. B. p. 313; Brooks, S. F. 1875, p. 238; Blijth S)-

Walden, B. Burm. p. 102 ; Walden, Tr. Z. S. viii. p. 63, ix. p. 192 ;

Salvad. Ucc. Bor-n. p. 252 ; Sliarpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. new series, i.

p. 335; Blanford, East Persia, p. 144; Fairh. S. F. 1876, p. 259;

Btdler, 8. F. 1877, p. 229 ; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 696, 761.

1878, p. 710; Salvad. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 393 ; Hume ^- Davison, S. F.

1878, p. 334.
Pratincola atrata, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xx. p. 177; Jerd. B. Ind. ii.

p. 124; Gray, Hun'd-l. B. i. p. 228, no. 3281; Holdsic. P. Z. S.

1872, p. 454 ; Walden, Tr. Z. S. viii. p. 03.
Pratincola bicolor, Hume, Nests and Eyr/s Ind. B. p. 314.

Adtdt male. General colour above glossy black, including the
scapulars : wing-coveits and quills black, excepting a large white

196 U L'SCICAPID Ji.

patch composed of the iuuermost of the least, mediau, and greater
•wing-coverts, aa well as the adjoining outer greater coverts, which are
white on the inner weh, and the bases of the inner secondaries, which
are white ; rump and upper taO-coverts pure white ; tail-feathers, a
few of the feathers white at the extreme base ; sides of the face,
sides of neck, and entire under surface glossy black, the vent and
under tail-coverts white; some of the feathers of the lower abdomen
and the thighs with obscure white edgings ; under Aviug-coverts and
axillaries black, a few narrowly edged with white ; t|uills black be-
low ; "biU aud feet black; iris dark brown'' {A. Everett). Total
length 5"4 inches, calmcn 0"4o, wing 2-6, tail 2*1, tarsus OS.

The younger males appear to be some time in gaining the full
black plumage and remain for some little while with the entire ab-
domen white, instead of having only the vent and under tail-coverts
white ; along with this white abdomen is sometimes found a broad
white edging to the under wing-coverts, aud occasionally some of
the primaries are externally margined with white.

Adult female. Quite different in plumage to the male. Above
ashy brown, with darker brown centres to the feathers of the head,
scapulars, aud back ; lower rump and upper tail-coverts huffy white,
somewhat washed with rust-colour, the long tail-coverts tipped with
this latter coloiu' ; tail-feathers dark brown ; wing-coverts and
quills dark brown margined with lighter brown, much paler on the
edges of the primaries ; feathers in front of the eye and eyebrow
ashy ; ear-coverts dark brown, as also the feathers under the eye ;
cheeks and under surface of body brown, the chin and fore part of
cheeks margined with whity brown, the breast slightly mottled with
darker brown centres to the feathers ; the abdomen inclining to
ochraceous brown ; under tail-coverts white ; under wing-coverts
rather rufescent brown with an ashy shade ; quills brown below,
shaded lighter along the inner webs. Total length 5-4 inches,
culmen 0"45, wing 2-75, tail 2-1, tarsus OS.

Young. Mottled all over like a young Robin, the upper surface
being f ulvescent, edged with darker brown ; the head blackish brown,
streaked down the centre of the feathers with deep fulvous ; wing-
coverts and quills edged with fawn-colour ; under surface of body
fulvous, slightly varied with dark edges to the feathers of the breast.

This species appears to have a winter plumage, when the black
feathers are edged with rusty ochre.

Ohs. Individuals from the Xeilgherries and Ceylon have been kept
distinct by many ornithologists on account of their larger size. Mr.
Hume writes (Str. F. 1873, p. 183): — "I very much doubt the
propriety of retaining P. utrata, Blyth, as a distinct species. All
that can be said is, that the Xorthern-Indian specimens of P.
caprata are generally smallest, Central-Indian, Goojerat, and Sindh
birds intermediate, and Southern-Indian and Ceylon birds largest.
Those who think the larger size a sufficient specific character must
separate the Celyonese bird as Pratincola atrata or P. hicolor, Sykes."

A considerable dift'erence exists in the amount of white on the

12. I'RATIXCOr.A.

197

under surface in this species, the majority of the specimens from
the Eastern archipelago having the white confined to the under tail-
eorerts, while nearl}- all the individuals from the X.W. Himalayas
and from Baluchistan have the lower hreast and abdomen white as
well as the under tail-coverts. These differences would seem to he
speciiic, were it not that occasional specimens were met with from
one or other of the above-named localities showing partially the
characters of the opposite race.

Hah. India and Ceylon, ranging westwards through Sindh to
South-eastern Persia, eastwards through the Burmese countries ;
Philippines, Java, Flores, Lombock, Timor, Celebes.

a. cf ad. sk.
6. cJ ad. sk.

c. (J ad. sk.

d,e. (Sad.;/. $ aJ.sk.

g. S juv. sk.

h, i. (S ad. sk.

k, I. (J ad. sk.

m. c? ad. sk.

n. c? ad. sk.

o,p,q. c? ;r,s. 5 ad.sk.

t-j:. Juv. sk.

y. c? ad. sk.

z, a'. cJ ad. sk.
b'. (S imm. sk.

c'. c? ad. ."sk.

d'. $ juv. sk.

«'. cJ inim. sk.

/'. cJ ad. sk.
g', h'. cJ ad. sk.
i'. <S ad. sk.

k'. $ ad. sk.

a. P. caprata.

Philippine Islands.
Java.

E. Java.

I.,ombock.
Flores.
Timor.
E. Timor.
Timor Coupang.
Makassar, Celebes.
Nepal.
Nepal.

Bhamau, Upper Bur-
mah, Feb. 18. 18G8.
Behar.
N. India.

N.W. Himalayas.

Vallev of Astur.Cash-
mere, Sept., 12.000
feet.

Saugor.

Madras.

India.

NearBam, S.E.Persia,

April 24, 1872.
BampuTjBaluchistan,

April 6, 1872.

Hugh Cuming, E.'^q. [C.].
Dr. Horsfield [C.]. (Type

of species.)
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C."
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.'
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.
A. R. WaUace, Esq. [C.

Dr. J. Anderson [C.].

B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.\
Seeretai-v of State for

Lidia [P.J.
Capt. Stackhou.«e Pinwill

[P.].
Purchased.

Secretary of State for

India tP.].
Sir W. Elliot [P.].
J. Gould, Esq.
W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C.].

W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C.].

b. P. bicolor.
(J ad.; b. cT juv.sk. Neilgherries.

2 ad. sk.
2 ad. sk.

Ceylon.
Cevlon.

Secretarv of State for

India [P.].
Hugh Cuming, Esq. [C.].
Dr. Kelaart [P.].

198 MUscu'AriD.E.

13. Pratincola albifasciata.*

Saxicola albofasciata, Biipp. Sijst. Uibos. p. 39, Taf. IG ; Gu&in et

Lafr. in Ferr. et GaUn. Voy. Abyss, iii. p. 217, pi. 12; Gray, Gen.

B.'i. p. 179
Parus leucopterus, Lefehvre, Voy. Abyss, p. 1G7 (nee Stcains.).
Dromolfea albofasciata, Up. Consp. i. p. 303.
Pratincola melauoleuca, Heugl. Sysf. Uebers. p. 27, no 2-^4 (descr.

nulla; nee Hochjs.).
Pratincola seniitorquata, Heitql. J. f. O. 1869, p. IGG ; Blanf. Geol.

^- Zool Abyss, p. 365, pL 5; 'lieugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 341;

Finsch, Tr. Z. S. vii. p. 323.

Adult male in hreeding-plumaf/e {P. semitorquata , Heugl.). General
colour above jet-black, the rump-feathers tipped with white, the
upper tail-coverts pure white ; tail black ; wings black, the quills
browner at their ends ; a large white wing-patch, formed by the
innermost median and greater coverts and the bases to the inner-
most secondaries, the adjacent median and greater coverts being
white, with more or less black towards the tip of the outer web ;
sides of face, throat, and breast black, relieved by a large patch of
white at the sides of the neck, which joins a second patch on the
sides of the lower throat ; entire abdomen and iinder tail-coverts
white ; thighs black : under wing-coverts and axillaries black ;
quills black below, browner along the edge of the inner web ; " bill
and feet black ; iris dusky " {Heuglin). Total length 4-9 inches,
culmen 0-5, wing 2-65, tail 2, tarsus 0-85.

Adult male in winter plumacje (S. alhifasciata, lliipp.). Differs
only from the summer dress in having the feathers of the upper
surface and the feathers of the breast edged with rufous-brown.

Adult female. General colour above dark brown, all the feathers
edged with dark sandy brown, producing a mottled appearance ; the
head darker than the back ; upper tail-coverts white ; tail-feathers
blackish brown ; wing-coverts and quills dark brown, edged and
tipped with sandy brown, the wing-patch smaller than in the male,
many of the feathers being brown on the inner web ; lores and
feathers round the eye dark sandy buff; ear-coverts dark brown,
edged with sandy brown ; cheeks and throat sandy buff, lower
throat and breast dark orange-rufous, the sides of the body also
slightly washed with this colour ; centre of body, abdomen, and
under tail-coverts sandy fulvous ; under wing-coverts dark brown,
the axillaries sandy rufous with dusky bases ; quills dark brown
below, dull whitish along the inner web. Total length -l-o inches,
culmen 0-45, wing 2-65, tail 1*8, tarsus 0-8.

Hah. Mountains of Abyssinia.

* That P. semitorqiiaia is only the adult breeding-plumage of P. albofasciata
is proved by a comparison of one of the typical specimens of the latter bird in
the Museum with the birds fifrured by Mr. Blanford (I. c). Some mistake
seems to have occurred in tjje figure given in Dr. Eiippell's work, where the
white neck-spot has become merged in the white wing-band, wldch is repre-
sented as much too extensive ; this may be seen by a comparison of the plates
in the above-mentioned works.

13. ERYTHKOMVXAS. 199

a. (J hiem. sk. Abyssinia. Dr. Riippell [C.].

b. d ad. wstiv. sk. Near Adigrat, March W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C.l

23, 18(i«.

c. $ aestiv. Lake Ashangi, May W. T. Blanford, Esq. fCl

3, 18(58.

13. ERYTHROMYIAS.

Pratiucola, pt., auct.
Erytlirosteina, pt., auct.

Bill and wing of E. dujueforia.
Range. Confined to the islands of Java, Lombock, and Timor.

Kill to the Species.

a. Back black ; throat and breast orange ; down the

wing a white bar ; base of tail white.

a. A white eyebrow, extending from the base of the

forehead to the sides of the neok clumetoria, p. 109.

h'. No white eyebrow, only a white line ninning
from the hinder part of the eye above the ear-
coverts mufiUeri, p. 200.

b. Back chestnut ; head black ; nnder surface white,

with a broad black pectoral band ; no white at

base of tail pj/n-Iioiwta, p. '200.

1. Erythromyias dumetoria. (Plate IV. fig. 1.)

Saxicola dumetoria, Wallace, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 490 ; Finsch, Neu-

Guinea, p. 167.
Xanthopygia dumetoria, Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 14.
Niltava tricolor, Graii, Haiul-l. B. i. p. 327, no. 4907.

Adult (type of species). General colour above sooty black, the
mantle with white shafts to the feathers : wing-coverts and quills
blackish, with a white bar down the wings, composed of the inner
greater coverts and the outer webs of some of the inner secondaries ;
two centre tail-feathers black, the others white, with the terminal
third black ; sides of face black like the crown, with a distinct
white eyebrow running from the base of the bill to the sides of the
neck ; throat and breast light orange-rufous, whiter on the chin ;
remainder of under surface of body white, washed with sooty grey
on the flanks ; thighs dusky blackish ; under wing-coverts white, as

OOO JiCSCICAPID^.

also the iuner edge of the quills below. Total length 4-0 inches,
culmen 0-45, wing 2-35, tail 1-9, tai-sus 08.
Hah. Lombock.

a. S ad. St. Purchased.

b. cJ ad. sk. Lombock. A. R. \\allace, Esq. [P.].

(Type of species.)

2. Erythromyias muelleri. (Plate IV. fig. 2.)
Muscicapa muelleri, Blyth, Ibis, 1870, p. 1G6 ; Salvacl. L'cn. Bom.
p. 129.

Adult male (type of species ; Sumatra, Van Horner). General
colour above black, with a very slight gloss of slate-colour ; on the
rump a few white feathers ; ' wing-coverts and quills black, the
median coverts tipped with white, the outer webs of tlie inner
secondaries and the innermost of the greater coverts white, fonning
a bar down the wing ; two centre tail-feathers black, all the rest
white, with about the terminal third black ; entire sides of face and
sides of neck black, with a white streak from the hinder part of the
eye to the sides of the nape ; throat and breast orange-rufous, gra-
dually paling on the lower abdomen and under tail-coverts, which are
white ; sides of upper breast washed with black ; thighs black ; under
wing-coverts and axillai'ies white, with a little black patch near the
edge of the wing ; quills blackish below, the primaries obscurely
white along their inner edge. Total length 4-4 inches, culmen 0-5,
wing 2-35, tail 1-8, tarsus 0-7. (JIus. Lxigd.)

Hab. Sumatra ; Borneo.

a. tS ad. sk. Pornoo. I.eideu Museum [P.].

3. Erythromyias pyrrhonota.

Saxicola pyrrhonotus. Mull. 8,- ScJil. JWh. Natuurl. Gesch. Land- en
Volkenk' p. 209 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 179 ; Bp. Qmsp. i. p. 304 ;
Wallace, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 485 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 227, no.
3268.

Adult male. Above orange-chestnut, the least and median wing-
coverts like the back, the outer greater coverts, primary-coverts and
quills black, the inner secondaries orange-chestnut along the outer
web ; tail dark brown ; head and hind neck, as well as the cheeks
and entire sides of face, glossy black ; under surface of body white,
-with a broad black band across the chest reaching round to the
sides of the neck and advancing slightly down the sides of the
breast, w^here the adjoining feathers are white tipped with black ;
sides of body washed with ochraeeous brown ; thighs black ; under
wing- and "tail-coverts and axillarics pure white ; quills dusky
brown below, fulvescent along the edge of the inner web. Total
length 5-2 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 2-7, tail 2-1, tarsus 0-8.

AduU female. Like the male, but with the crown and hind neck
Booty brown instead of black ; the sides of the face black ; outer

14. POLIOJITIAS. 201

greater coverts, aud outer secondaries also, edged with light orange-
chest imt. Total length 5-2 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 2-4, tail 2,
tarsus 0-75.
Hab. Timor.

a, 6. c? $ ad. sk. East Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0,].

c. (S ad. sL Timor.

14. POLIOMYIAS.

Erj'throstenia, pt., aurtt.
Siphia, pt., mictt.

Bill of Poliomyias luteola.

Of the general aspect and style of plumage of the E.ed-breasted
Flycatchers {Mascicapa, section Erythrosteraa), but having long
wings as in Pet rosea and Miiscicapula.

Range. Eastern Siberia and Japan, migrating through China to
the Malayan peninsula and islands ; Eastern Himalayas, ranging
into the hills of Western China.

Key to the Species.

a. Inner greater wing-coverts white, forming a conspi-

cuous patch luteola, p. 201.

b. No white patch on the wing-coverts, which are grey

like the hack kodt/soni, p. 203.

1. Poliomyias luteola.

Motacilla luteola, Pall. Zoor/r. Itosso-Asiat. i. p. 470.

Muscicapa mugimaki, Temm. PL Col. iii. pi. 577. fig. 2 ; Gray, Gen.

B. 1. p. 262 ; Temm. Sf Schl. Faun. Japon. Aves, p. 47, Taf. xvii. B ;

Blakist. Sf Fryer, Ibis, 1878, p. 234.
Erytlirosterna rufigula, S. Midler, in V. d. Hoeven's Tijdschr. 1835,

p. 351 {ex Kuhl, MSS.) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 319 ; Sharjye, Notes Leyden

Mus. i. no. 8, p. 20.
Siphia erythaca, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 126.
Xanthopygia mugimakd, Bp. Consp. i. p. 327.
Erythrosterna ei\-thaca, Horsf. 6f Moore, Cat. B. Mm. E.I. Co. i.

p. 412; Moore,' P. Z. S. 1854, p. 283; Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 127.
Muscicapa luteola, Middend. Sihir. Feise, ii. p. 186, Taf. 17. tigs. 1-3;

Schrenck, Feise Amurl. p. 375, Taf. 13. tig. 1 ; Fadde, Sibir. Feis,

p. 269; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 321, no. 4820.
Muscicapa hylocharia, Sicinh. Ibis, 1862, p. 305 (nee T. ^- S.).
Muscicapa rutigularis, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 323, no. 4845.
Niltava er\'thaca. Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 327, no. 4908.
Ervthrosterna luteola, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 380 ; Dyboivsk. J. f. O.

1872, p. 449; Taez. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, i. p. 169; David ^^

Oustal. Ois. Chine, p. 121.
Siphia erythrura (lapsu^, T'err. X. Arch. Mtis. vii. Bull. p. 29.

Adult male, (xcncral colotir above slaty grey, rather darker on
the mantle and back, the latter having greyish-white shafts to the
feathers ; upper tail-coverts black ; tail-feathers black, with broad
white bases to all but the two centre ones, this white coloured-

VOL. IV. p

202 lirSCI(A.HJD.K.

creasing in extent towaids the outermost ; least wing- coverts slaty
grey like the mantle : median and greater coverts pure white, the
outennost and bastard wing slaty grey ; primary-coverts and pri-
maries dark brown, narrowly margined with slaty brown, the inner
secondaries broadly edged with greyish white ; ear-coverts, sides of
face, and sides of neck slaty grey, rather blacker on the cheeks ;
behind the eve a small longitudinal mark of white feathers ; entire
throat and breast deep orange, fading off into orange-yellow on the
flanks ; lower abdomen and under tail-covcrts white ; thighs slaty
grey ; axillaiics orange like the breast ; under wing-coverts white,
the edge of the wing mottled with greyish bases to the feathers ;
quills brown below, ashy whitish along the inner web ; " bill black ;
feet brown; iris black" (David). Total length 4-7 inches, culmen
0-4, wing 3, tail 2-1, tarsus 0-0.

Ohs. The description is taken from the Xatuna-Island specimen
mentioned below. Other specimens of adult males are very similar,
but vary in the extent of black pervading the upper surface, which
extends over the cheeks and sides of the neck, and also over the
least wing-coverts. The specimens which exhibit these peculiarities
are chiefly Bornean, and they may probably be putting on their full
plumage before returning from their winter quarters ; they are more
richly coloured than Jajmnese or Chinese specimens in the collection
of the iluseum and of ilr. Seebohra.

Adult fi-male. Diff'erent from the male. General colour above
olive-brown, lighter on the rump, where it is yellower ; upper tail-
coverts blackish ; tail brown, white at the base of the outer webs of
the feathers ; least wing-coverts olive like the back ; remainder of
the coverts brown, edged with olive, the greater series tipped with
white ; primary-coverts and quills brown, narrowly edged with
olive, the inner secondaries with white ; lores yellowish buif ; round
the eye a ring of buffj'-white feathers ; ear-coverts olive, with nar-
row whitish shaft-lines ; cheeks slightly shaded with grey; under
surface of body as in the male, but not so deep orange. Total length
4'5 inches, wing 0*4, tail 2 9, tarsus 06. {Mus. H. Sahohm.)

Young male. In general like the adult female, but much paler
orange on the breast, with two bufly-white bars across the wing,
composed of the tips to the median and greater coverts ; sides of
face grey, the cheeks more or less blackish : tail-feathers broadly
white at base of outer web.

Yonny female. Like the young male, but with no white at the
base of the tail-feathers.

Hah. Eastern Siberia, Japan, throughout China, migrating into
the Malayan peninsula and Borneo.

a. (S ad. sk. .Japan. Purchased.

b. $ ad.: c. 2 juv.sk. Tingchnw,China,Dec.l867. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.l.

d. J ad. sk. 4-^ 30' N. lat., 106° E. long., K.B. Sharpie, Esq.{;P.].

north of theNatunalslands,
Xo v. 1 4 , 1 87 1 ( Capi. Con rad. )

e. f, g. S ad. .sk. Labuan. Hugh I^ow, Esq. [0.1.
A, I. 2 ad.; ^-. cjjuv.sk. Labuan. Hugh Low, Esq. [C.J.
/. c? ad. sk. Eastern Seas. Sir E. Belcher [P.].

15. MCsciCAPriA. 203

2. Poliomyias hodgsoni.

Siphia ervthaca, Jerd. 4- Blyth, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 201 (nee Blyth,
1847) ; 'Jerd. B. India, i. p. 480 : Godwin- Austen, J. A. S. B. 1874,
p. 158; Hinne, Str. F. 1874, pp. 458, 475; WcUden in BlytKs B.
Burma, p. 103 ; Sumc, Str. F. 1877, p. 137 ; id. &• Davison, Str.
F. 1878, p. 233.

Siphia hodgsoni, T'err. N. Arch. Jfiis. vi. Bull. p. 34, vii. p. 29 ;
David, op. cit. ix. pi. 4. fig. 4 ; id. 1^- Oustakt, Ois. Chine, p. 115.

Adult male. General colour above slaty grey : upper tail-coverts
blackish ; tail-feathers dark brown, all white at the base excepting
the two centre feathers ; all the wing-coverts slaty grey like the
back ; quills brown, with lighter brown margins ; sides of face slaty
grey like the crown, the cheeks and feathers in front of the eye
blackish ; a slightly indicated line of white feathers on the sides of
the crown behind the eye : entire throat and breast rich orange,
yellowish on the lower fiaiiks and under tail-coverts ; lower abdo-
men white ; thighs slaty grey ; under wing-coverts and axUlaries
yellowish : quills brown below, whitish along the edge of the inner
web : '• bin black, lower mandible brown ; legs and feet dark reddish
brown ; iris very dark brown " (Hume and Davison). Total length
5 inches, culmen 0-4, wing 3, tail 2-2, tarsus 0-65. (Mus. H. H.
Godwin-Austen.')

Hah. Eastern Himalayas to Moupin in Western China, extending
to Burmah and Tenasserim.

15. MUSCICAPULA. ^

Type.
Muscicapula, Bhjth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 939 (1843) M. sapphira.

Range. Indian peninsula and Burmese countries, extending pro-
bably through Southern China to Formosa ; Java ; Sumatra.

Key to tJie Species.
Adult ?nalex.
a. Throat white.

a'. Upper surface blue ; no white on the wing.
a". Base of tail white ; over the eye a broad

white eyebrow . ". .wperciliaris, p. 204.

6". No white at base of tail ; eyebrow lighter

blue than the crown, but not white .... astigma, p. 205.
h'. Upper surface black ; down the wing a white
bar ; a broad white eyebrow ; tail white at

base muculata, p. 207.

6. Throat rufous.

c'. Above slaty grey, with a white eyebrow hyperyihra, p. 206.

«f . Above ultramarine, as also sides of face, sides of

throat, neck and chest ; liead brighter cobalt .■^apphirn, p. 208.

Adult females.
a. Upper tail-coverts like the back, not rufescent or
contrasting with the rumd.
a. Rusty butf colour of the throat confined to the

throat itself sttpcrciliaris, p. 204.

r 2

i'04 MrSCICAPIDJ3.

6'. Rusty buft'colour of the tliroat distributed over

the whole under surface aftiyma, p. 20o.

c'. Upper surface olivaceous, edges to the quills

somewhat rufescent Idjiierijthraj p. 206.

h. Upper tail-covorts rufescent, contrasting with the

back, the tail-feathers also washed with rufous.

d'. Throat bright orange, paling into bufl" on the

breast and abdomen siip])kira, p. 208.

e'. Throat and underparts white niaeulata, p. 207.

1. Muscicapnla superciliaris.

Muscicapa superciliaris, J^^rrf. Madr. Journ. xi. p. 16 (1840); Gray,

Gen. B. i. p. 262 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 322, no. 4833.
Dimorpha albogularis, Bhjth, J. A. S. B. xi. p. 190.
Muscicapnla superciliaris, Bhjth, J. A. S. B. xii. pp. 939, 962, xvi.

p. 127; id. Cat. B. Mns. A. S. B. p. 172; Bp. Vonsp. i. p. 316;

Horsf. S,- Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 296 ; Cock S,- Marsh.

Str. F. 1873, p. 3->3 ; Godtcin-Ausfen, J. A. S. B. 1874, p. 157 ;

Ball, Str. F. 1874, p. 405 ; Brooh'^, S. F. 1876, p. 235 ; Ball, t. c.

p. 292 ; Fairb. S. F. 1876, p. 257.
Muscicapa acornans, Hodys. Icon. ined. App. no. 478 * ; id. in Grai/'s

Zool. Misc. p. 84 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 322, no. 4842.
Muscicapa ciliaris, Ilodys. Icon. ined. Pas.seres, pi. 206. fig. 2{IIodys.

no. 141 ) ; id. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 84.
Muscicapa hemileucura, Ilodys. Icon. ined. Passeres, pi. 206. fig. 4

{Hodys. no. 631), App. pi. 89 (no. 478) ; id. in Gray's Zool. Misc.

p. 84 ; Ch-ay, Cat. Manini. ^-c. Nepal Coll. Ilodys. p. 91, App.

p. 155; id. Iland-l. B. i. p. 322, no. 4834.
Erythrosterna acomaus, Blyth, Cat. B. Mvs. A. S. B. p. 171 ; Bp.

Consp. i. p. 318 ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 483 ; Godwin-Austen, J. A. 8.

B. 1874, p. 158; Brooks, Str. F. 1876, p. 236, et 1877, p. 471 ; Sume

iS- Davison, Str. F. 1878, p. 233.
Muscicapa albogularis. Gray, Cat. Mamm. 8,c. Nepal Coll. Ilodys.

p. 90 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 322, no. 4836.
Muscicapnla hemileucura, Horsf. 8j~ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i.

p. 297.
Muscicapnla ciliaris, Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 372.

Adult male. General colour above Prussian blue, the least and
median wing-coverts uniform with the back ; greater and primary
coverts as well as the quills brown, slightly washed with blue
externally ; tail-feathers dusky brown, washed with blue on the
edges, all with conspicuous white bases ; lores and feathers in front
of the eye dusky blue-black ; cheeks and ear-covcrts and sides of
neck Prus.sian blue, duller than the back : from behind the eye a
broad white streak running to the sides of the nape ; throat pure
white, the sides of it Prussian blue, extending down the sides of the
neck and forming a half-collar across the breast ; remainder of
rrnder surface white, the thighs dusky blue ; under wing-coverts and
iimer lining of quills white; " bill black ; legs dark grey ; iris brown."

* Hodgson's drawings show tliat his M. acornans is the female of M. stiper-
ciliaris; but whether all the references under this name in the works of subse-
quent ornithologists are really referable to the species is a diflicult matter to
determine.

15. JIUSC'IfAPULA. 205

Total length 4-5 inches, ciilmen U'4o, wing 2-45, tail 1'65, tarsus
0-6-j.

Adult female. General colour above ashy olive, browner on the
rump ; wing-coverts and quills dusky brown, edged -with pale rusty
brown ; tail-feathers dull brown, shaded with blue on their edges ;
lores and a ring of feathers round the eye and feathers in front of it
rusty buff ; ear-coverts ashy olive, with thread-like whitish shaft-
lines ; throat and breast rusty fulvous, shaded with ashy olive on
the sides of the latter ; rest of under surface pure white, washed
with buff on the Hanks ; thighs brown ; under wing-coverts buify
whitish, with brown bases to the feathers, the lower series and the
quills below dull brown, edged with ashy white along the inner
web. Total length 4-5 inches, wing 2-4, tail 1-05, tarsus 0"6.

Hab. Himalaya Mountains, visiting the plains of India in the
cold weather ; Burmese countries.

a. c? ad. sk. India. Pm-cha.?ed.

b, c. (5 ad. ; d. $ ad. sk, Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.
e,f. S ad. .<t. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. | P.
f/, h. c? $ ad. .«k. Murree. Capt. T. Biddulph [C.].
i. 2 ad.sk. N.W.India (Cupt. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

G.F.L.Murshall).
k, I. (^ ad.; m, n. $ ad. N.W. Himalayas. Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill

sk. ' ["p.].

o,p. (S juv. sk. N.W. Himalayas. Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill

fp.].

2. Muscicapula astigma.

Muscicapa astigma, Hvdgs. Icon. incd. Passeres, pi. 206. fig. .3 {Hodgs.

no. 64j ; id. in Grays Zool. Misc. p. 84 ; Gray, Cat. Mamm. Sfc.

Nepal Coll. Hodgs. p. 90, App. p. 155 ; id. jiand-l. B. i. p. 322,

no. 48.36.
Muscicapula astigma, Horsf. ^ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p.

297, no. 460 ; Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 372 ; Godwin-Aitsten, J. A. S. B.

1874, p. 157, et 1876, p. 201.

Adult male. General colour above dull Prussian blue, lighter on
the forehead and over the eye, forming an indistinct eyebrow ; wing-
coverts and ([uills brown, edged with didl blue ; tail-feathers dusky
brown, edged with dull blue, but with no white base to any of them ;
lores and feathers in front of eye blue-ldack ; sides of face dull blue ;
throat and foro neck white, the sides blue as well as the sides of the
neck and breast, forming an interrupted band across the latter of dull
blue ; remainder of under surface white, the thighs Ijluish ; under
wing-coverts white, the lower series dull brown, as also the quills
below, edged along the inner web witli buffy white : " bill black ;
legs dark brown" {.Godiviu- Austen). Total length 4 inches, cidmen
0-4o, wing 2-45, tail 1-8, tarsus 0-IJ5.

Femali'. A'cry similar to that of M. sajjerciliaris, but distin-
guished by the rusty buff-colour of the throat being distributed
over the entire abdomen as well, leaving only the under tail-coverts
dull white. Total length 1-5 indies, wing 2-2, tail 1-9, tarsus 0-6.

206 Ml'SCICAPID^.

Hub. Eastern Himalaya mountains, extending to the Khasi hills.

a. $ juv. sk. India. Purchased.

6. cf ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

(Type of species.)

3. Muscicapula hyperythra.

Dimorpha superciliaris, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xi. p. 190 (nee Jerd.) ; Bp.

Consp. i. p. 319.
Muscicapa hyperythra, Blytli, J. A. S. B. xi. p. 885, xvi. p. 127.
Muscicapula rubecula, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 940.
Dimorpha rubrocvanea, Hodgs. Icon. hied. no. 384 ; id. in Gray's

Zool. Misc. p. 83 ; id. P. Z. S. 1845, p. 26.
Dimorpha leucocyanea, Hodgs. Icon. ined. no. 837; id. in Gray's

Zool. Misc. p. 83.
Muscicapa rubecula. Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 263.
Siphia superciliaris, Gray, Cat. Mamm. ^-c. Nepal Cull. Hodgs. p. 92 ;

Bhjth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 172 ; id. Ibis, 1865, p. 44, et 1866,

p. 372.
Digenea superciliaris. Horsf. ^- Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i.

p. 293; Swinh. F. Z. S^ 1871, p. 381; David 4" Oustalet, Ois.

Chine, p. 114.
Muscicapa tricolor, Bhjth, Ibis, 1865, p. 44 (e.i: Midi. MS. in Mus.

Luffd.,= ,S); Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 327, no. 4907.
Muscicapa rupestris, Blyth, I. c. p. 44 (e.v Miill. MS.,= 2 ).
Siphia innexa, Sivinh. Ibis, 1866, p. 394.
Niltava superciliaris, Gray, Hand-I. B. i. p. 327, no. 4904.
Niltava innexa, Gray, t. c. p. 327, no. 4909.
Menetica superciliaris. Cab. J.f. O. 1876, p. .393.

Adult male. General colour above slaty blue, including the lores,
sides of face, cheeks, and chin, darker ou the latter ; from the base
of the forehead a distinct line of white feathers extending back-
wards over the eye ; scapulars and wing-coverts uniform with the
back, the greater series brown, tipped with rufous ; quills brown,
edged with olivaceous ; tail blackish brown, the feathers edged with
■ slaty grey ; throat and breast orange-rufous, the abdomen and lower
breast paler orange, inclining to whitish on the under tail-coverts ;
sides of upper breast slaty grey ; thighs slaty grey, as also the under
wing-coverts, the greater series tipped with orange ; quiUs brown,
fulvescent along the inner webs ; " bill black ; legs plumbeous ; iris
brown " (Jerdon). Total length 4*1 inches, culmen 0'4, wing 2-3,
tail 1-7, tarsus 0-7.

Young male. Mottled with ochraceous buff spots and streaks, like
a young E-obin.

Hub. Eastern Himalayas, Khasi hills, extending eastwards as far
as the island of Formosa and south to Java and Sumatra and Timor.

a. Ad. sk. Sumatra. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

b. cJ ad. sk. W. Java. A. R. Wallace, Esq. I C.J.

c. cj juv. sk. W. Java. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].
d,e. d 2 ad. sk. Darjiling. Capt. C. H. T. Marshall [P.].
/. cJ ad. sk. Sikhim, Nov. 1876. L. Mandelli, Esq. [P.].

g. Juv. sk. Darjiling. J. Fotheringham, Esq.fC.].

h, i, k. cJ ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

1, m, 5 ad.; n. Juv. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.J.

]"). jiuscicAPrLA. 207

4. Muscicapula maculata.

Muscicapa maculata, Tickell. J. A. -S. B. ii. p. 574 ; Gray, Hand-l.

5. i. p. 322, 110. 4841.
Muscicapula melanoleuca, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xi. p. 940, xv. p. 306

{nee V.) ; id. Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 172.
Muscicapa pooneusis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xi. p. 458.
Muscicapula acoruaus {nee Ilodgs.), Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 127.
Ervthrosterna pusilla, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xviii. p. 813; id. Cat. B.

Mm. A. S. B. -p. 171: Bp. Comp. i. p. 318; Jerd. B. Ind. i.

p. 482; Blyth, Ibis, 1865, p. 44; Ball, Str. F. 1874, p. 405;

Hume, S. P. 1875, p. 236 ; Brooks, S. F. 1875. p. 277, et 1877,

p. 471.
Muscicapa leucoschista, Hodys. Icon. ined. Passeres. pi. 206 (nos. 824,

942) ; id. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 84.
Muscicapa melanoleuca, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 263 ; id. Cat. Mamm.

(^•c. Nepal Coll. Hodgs. p. 91.
Muscicapula maculata, Bp. Consp. i. p. 317.
Erj-throsterna maculata, Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 483, no. 326 ; Blyth, Itis,

1865, p. 44, et 1866, p. 373 ; Godw.-Austen,J. A. S. B. 1874, p. 158 ;

Ball, Str. F. 1874, p. 407 : Hume, t. c. p. 475 ; Blyth <§- Wald. B.

Burm. p. 103 ; Brooks, S. F. 1875, pp. 236,277 ; Hume 8,- Davison,

Str. F. 1878, p. 234.
Muscicapa pusOla, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 323, no. 4843.
Muscicapula leucoschista, Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 372.

Adult male. General colour above gloss}' blue-black, including
the lores, sides of face, and sides of neck ; a broad white eyebrow-
running from nearly the base of the nostrils to the sides of the hind
neck : wing-coverts like the back, the inner greater coverts white,
excepting at the extreme base of the inner web, formiug a large
white patch ; quiUs black, the inner secondaries externally white
like the greater coverts, and forming a bar down the wing ; two
centre tail-feathers entirely black, the others white for nearly two
thirds of their length, black for the terminal third ; entire under
surface of body pure white, the sides of the upper breast black ;
thighs black ; under wing-coverts white ; quills blackish below,
white along the edge of the inner Aveb ; " bill black : legs red-
brown ; iris dark brown" (Jerdon). Total length 4*2 inches, culmen
0-4, wing 2*3, tail 1*7, tarsus 0-6.

Adidt female. Different from the male. General colour above
ashy brown, washed with olive, the latter becoming more and more
pronounced on the rump ; the upper taU-coverts rufescent ; wing-
coverts like the back, the greater series ashy brown, narrowly edged
with olive-brown and near the tip with whitish ; priinary-coverts
and quills brown, externally edged with olive-brown, the seconda-
ries more broadly ; tail-feathers ashy brown, edged with ochraceous
or rufous-brown near their bases ; frontal plumes obscurely washed
with ochraceous buff; lores dull white; roimd the eye a ring of
buffy-white feathers ; sides of face and ear-covcrts ashy brown, with
a slight olivaceous wash and indistinct shaft-lines of whitish ; under
sui-face of body dull white, tinged with fulvous on "the breast and
flanks ; sides of neck and sides of upper lireast ashy ; thighs brown ;
under wing-coverts and axiUaries white, slightly tinged with buff ;

203 JIUSCICAPlDiK.

quills dull broAvn below, ashy aloug the edge of the inner web.
Total length 4*1 inches, culmen 0-4, wing 2-2, tail 1"7, tarsus 0-6.

The female described was presented to the Museum by Mr.
Mandclli, -who collected it in April 1874. Another female, also ob-
tained by Mr. Mandclli in October 1873, and presented by that
gentleman, appears to be in winter plumage, as it differs from the
bird described in its more pronounced olive-brown coloration, which
shades off very perceptibly to fulvous brown on the rump, and to
rufous on the u])per tail-coverts and tail ; below, the under surface
is purer white, with less ashy on the sides of the breast and flanks.

Hab. Himalayas, ranging through the liurmese countries to Java,
Sumatra, and Timor.

a. c? ad. sk.

Sikliim, Apr.

1873.

L. Mandelli, Esq. [P. .

b. 5 ad. sk.

Sikhini, Oct.

1873.

1.. Mandelli, Esq. [P.I.

c. 2 ad. sk.

Sikliim, Apr.

1874.

L. Mandelli, Esq. [P." .

d,e. cJ $ ad. sk.

Darjiling.

Capt. C. H. T. MarshaU [P.].

f-i. c? ad. sk.

Nepal.

B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].
B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.".
J. Fotlieriiigham, Esq. [C.].

k-o. 2 ad. sk.

Nepal.

p. 2 ad. sk.

Darjiling.

q. c? ad. sk.

Sumatra.

Purchased.

5. Muscicapula sapphira.

Muscicapa sapphira, Tickell, MSS., nndl-

Muscicapula sapphira, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 939 (1843), xvi.
pp. 127, 473; Hodgson, Draivin(js, App. pi. 101 (no. 945), pi. 102
(no. 974), pi. 112 ; Jerd. III. Ind. Oni. pi. 32 ; Bp. Cunsp. i. p. 316 ;
Bh/th, Cat. B. IIus. A. S. B. p. 173 ; Horsf.8^ Moore, Cat. B. Mus.
EJ. Co. i. p. 296, no. 456 ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 471 ; Swinh. P. Z. S.
1871, p. 380 ; Godioin-Aust. J. A. S. B. 1872, p. 172 ; David ^
Oustal. Ois. Chine, p. 120.
Muscicapa sapphira, G7-ai/, Gen. B. i. p. 263 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 322.
Siphia superciliaris, Godwin-Austen, J. A. S. B. 1876, p. 201 {nee
Bhjth),= 2.
Adult male. General colour above rich ultramarine-blue, the
•whole of the crown, rump, and upper tail-coverts more brilliant
blue, inclining to cobalt on the forehead and over the eyes ; a nar-
row frontal line, lores, sides of face, and ear-coverts black, the latter
washed with blue like the sides of the neck ; wing-eoverts like the
back ; primary-coverts blackish ; greater coverts and quills blackish
externally, edged with rich blue ; tail-feathers deep blue, black on
the inner web ; entire throat and fore neck rich orange ; chin,
cheeks, and sides of throat deep blue, descending onto the sides of the
breast, and forming a half-collar ; rest of under surface of body
white, somewhat washed with grey ; thighs blackish ; under wing-
coverts and axillaries white ; '* bill black ; legs and feet pale red-
dish ; iris brown " {H. J. j^liues). Total length 4*2 inches, culmen
0-35, wing 2-3, tail 1-75, tarsus 0-6.

Adult female. General colour above brown, tinged with reddish
bufi' on the rump ; upper tail-coverts rufous ; tail-feathers brown,
slightly washed with rufous on their margins ; wing-coverts brown
like the back, the greater series and the quills dusky brown, edged

16. SlIICROENIa.

209

Lwn ? { "^r ^"^""^-i-™^^" ; primary-coverts eiatirely dark
brown; forehead a ring of feathers round the eye, and sides of face

bu? nn W t 'T ;I''^ ' ^^'^t^-^thr^^t' f«^-e "eck, and chest orange:

lth\lr7ri' somewhat washed with ochre ; sides of body brown
n f 1 "i r^'^'^'f '^"'^'^^ thighs dusky brown; under win-
coverts hght buff, as also the inner edge of the quills below axH-

tT^rtrT''' "i^^'^' ^n^"'^"^ ^^^ ^i^- «f ^^« b--"' Total
Sf7?.S;^!;:i)"'"^" '-''^ ^^^^^ ^^•^^^' *-^ l-'- tarsus 0-6.

J-ot^/*^ «,«?,. lletaining for a time the brown pluma-e of the
female, bu ..th blue wings and tail, aud with mori o le^s blue on

//J'f T ' T^' r"" ''''''"' *-l--erts. (M.S. H. J. Ely.^^
China Himalayas, ranging into the mountains of Western

b S Jd'sk' nT'- «•, , • ^^- "• "'^dgson, Esq. [P.].

0. d ad.sk. Native Sikhim, L. Mandelli, Esq. fP 1

.. ? ad., d. d juv. sk. Sikhim. l, MandeUi, Esq. [P.j.

16. SMICEORNIS.

Smicroniis, Gould, P. Z. S. 184:> n 1,3:3 « n^^'^^'

J ' P- ^'-'-' b. navescens.

Haiir/e. Confined to Australia.

Kei/ to tlu Sjpecies.

a. Colour above dull olive-yellow; lores, eyebrow
aud eai-coverts light reddish brown; under
surface pale yellowish buff ; • ., • .^

h. Colour abfye pde ohve-yellow ; " iores' and ^y^l ^— ''-' P- 209.
brow whitish ; under surface sulphur-yellow . . Jiuvc-scens, p. 210.

1. Smicrornis brevirostris.
Psilopus brevirostris, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837 p 187
fenucroruis bi^virostn.., Gotdd, B. Audr. Mio, ii. pi. 10.3; £n Co>isn

T>„ 1 V ; P' • ' ^.""'""ih P>: Liim. Sac. A^. S'. W. ii r, 183

Smicrornis occidentalis, Bp. Coyisp i p •'OS *

Acanthiza brevirostris, Gray, Hand-l. B.\. p.' 223, no. 3149

bri^htf rtb.^'''''"l '?^°"' '^°'*^ "^"^ olive-yellow, somewhat
with he back -^'^'^ =" -^r'"'"*' = ^'"^' umber-brown, contrasting
with the back ; wings dark brown, the coverts and nuiUs mar-ined

210 MrsciCAPiD-i:.

witli a blackish shade before the tip, the remainder with a broad
subterminal band of black, the outer feathers with a spot of ashy
whitish near the tip of the inner web ; lores, feathers round the eye,
and car-coverts very pale rufous-brown, the light eyebrow fringed
on its upper margin with a very narrow line of black ; cheeks and
under surface of body pale yellowish buff, becoming brighter olive-
yellow on the lower abdomen and flanks, the sides of the breast
brown ; on the throat some small streaks of black ; thighs brown ;
under wing-coverts white, slightly tinged with olive-yellow ; quills
ashy brown below, whitish along the edge of the inner web ; " bill
varying from fleshy white to ashy grey ; feet blackish brown ; iris
pale straw-yellow" {Gould). Total length 3-4 inches, culmen 0-25,
wing 2, tail 1'35, tarsus 0"6. (AIus. Lugd.)

Hub. Australia : Wide-Bay district ; Richmond and Clarence
rivers ; N. S. Wales ; Interior ; Victoria ; South Aiistralia ; West
Australia. (Ramsaij.)

a. Ad. sk. Australia. Sir T. Mitchell [P.].

2, Smicrornis flavescens.

Smicromis flavescens, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 134 ; id. B. Austr.

folio, ii. pi. 104 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 293 ; Reichenh. Vog. NeuhoU.

pp. 100, 288 ; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 274 ; Castelnau 8f

Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. i. p. 380 ; Ramsay, op. cit. ii.

p. 183 ; Masters, t. c. p. 272.
Pardalotus flavescens, Gray, Gen. B. iii. App. p. 13 ; id. Hand-l. B.

i. p. 387, no. 5868.

Adult male. General colour above pale olive-yellow, brighter on
the lower rump and upper tail-coverts ; crown of the head ashy
brown ; wings pale ashy brown, with lighter edges to the feathers ;
upper tail-coverts light brown, margined with olive-yellow ; tail
ashy brown, with large white spots at the tip of the inner web and
a broad subterminal shade of black, the outer feathers ashy brown
at the end of the outer web, which has also a narrow whitish
margin ; lores and a tolerably broad eyebrow whitish, the former
margined with a narrow line of black-tipped feathers above ; feathers
below the eye and ear-coverts very pale rufous-brown ; under sur-
face of body sulphur-yellow, paler on the throat ; axiUaries yeUow
like the breast ; under wing-coverts white, with a faint tinge of
yellow ; quills light brown below, whitish along the edge of the
inner web ; " iris silvery " (Ehei/). Total length 3"4 inches, culmen
0-3, wing 1-85, tail 1-35, tarsus 0-55.

Obs. Although I do not separate this bird from Gould's S. Jlaves-
eens, the eyebrow is white, not brownish, as in the plate given by
the latter author, who, however, makes no mention of this feature
in his description.

Hub. Northern Australia, Port Darling, Port Essington, Gulf of
Carpentaria.

a. d ad. sk. Gilbert Ptiver, Oct. 30, 1856 ; J. R. Elsev, Esq. [P.].
lat. 18^ 30', long. 143".

17. itERtgoxe. 211

17. GERYGONE*. ^^p^

Psilopus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 146 (nee Poli, 1795) G. albicans.
Gerygone, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 1.3.3 («oot. emend.).. G. albigularis.

Wing of Gerygone albigularis.

Range. Australia aud South-eastern Xew Guinea, as well as the
islands of Celebes, Borneo, the Philippine archipelago, and the Timor
group.

Key to the Species.
a. Throat white.
a'. Breast rellow.

a". Larger ; wing 2'2o inches : upper sui-face

ashy olive albigularis, p. 212.

b". Smaller ; wing 2-15 inches : upper surface

ashy, without any ohve tuige cinerascens, p. 212.

b'. Breast white, like the throat.

c". Outer tail-feathers white across the tip of

both ivebs inornata, p. 213.

d". Outer tail-feathers ashy brown at the tip, with
a small spot of white near the tip of the imier

web simple.v, p. 213.

6. Throat yellow, as also the rest of the under sur-
face.

c'. Lores yellow, as well as an eyebrow alhigidaris juv.,

d'. Lores white. [p. 212.

e". No ling of yellow feathers round the eye.
a"'. Larger; wing 2'1.5 inches: below bright yel-
low ; tail-feathers imiform, with a whitish
mark at the tip of the inner web Jlaveola, p. 214.

* The following species, referred by Mr. Gray (Hand-1. B. i. pp. 219, 220)
to his subgenus Gerygone, do not belong to that genus :—

1. Gerygone scperciliosa, Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 491.

Acanthiza supereiliosa, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 219, no. 3133.
Hab. Timor.
Is Phylloscopus presbytis (Blyth) ; Seebobm, Ibis, 1877, p. 83.

2. ZosTF.RoPS ciTRiNELLA, Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 176 {nee Miill.) ; id. Cat. B.

New Guinea, p. 25.

Zostcr<ips grayi, Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 494.

Acanthiza grayi. Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 220, no. 3145.
Hah. Ke Islands.
This is a Zosterops.

212 MUSCICAPIDJE.

b'". Smaller; wing 1-85 mcli : below pale
yellow ; tail-feathers not uuiform, ashy
"whitish below, with a broad median black
band across them, and a large white spot

at the tip of the inner web sidfurea, p. 214.

f". Round the eye a ring of yellow feathers /ii/po.iaiitIia,-p. 215.

1. Gerygone albigularis.

Psilopus albignlaris, Goidd, P. Z. 8. 18o7, p. 147; id. Sijn. B. Austr.

part iv.
Psilopus olivaceus, Gould, P. Z. 8. 1837, p. 147 ; id. 8yn. B. Amtr.

part iv.
Gerygone albogularis, Gould, B. Austr. folio, ii. pi. 97 ; Bp. Consp. i.

p.' 292 ; Rdchenb. Vor/. Neuholl. pp. 70, 288 ; Ramsay, P. Z. S.

1866, p. 576 ; Fimch, Neu-Guinea, p. 166; Gould, Handb. B. Austr.

i. p. 266 ; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. 8oc. K 8. W. ii. p. 183 ; 8/tarpe,

Notes Lcyden Mus. i. no. 9, p. 28.
Acanthiza albigularis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 189 ; id. Hand-l. B. i.

p. 219, no. 3127.
Acanthiza olivacea, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 189.

Adult. General colour above olive-browu, rather more ashy brown
on the head, and decidedly more so ou the upper tail-coverts : tail-
feathers ashv brown, with a broad subterminal shade of blackish
brown, the inner web with a white baud about the middle of the
feather and a white spot at the tip, the two centre feathers with-
out the white spots ; wing-coverts and quills dark browu, externally
edged with ashy brown, the edges of the quiUs light ashy ; sides of
face ashy browu like the head, a little rufescent round the eye and
on the ear-coverts : a loral streak of white ; cheeks and throat white ;
rest of under surface of body bright yellow, paler on the under tail-
coverts ; under wing-coverts and axillaries whitish, with a slight
tinge of yellow ; quills light brown below, edged wit h whitish along
the inner web ; " bill blackish browu ; feet blackish brown in some
specimens, leaden brown in others; iris scarlet " (&'ohW). Total
length 4 inches, culmen 0-35, wing 2-25, tail 1*7, tarsus 0-65.

Sexes ahke {Gould).

Young. Differs from the adult in the throat being yeUow like the
rest of the under surface.

Hah. X.E. Australia and the whole of Eastern Australia to New
South Wales.

a. Ad. sk. Cape York [Cockerell). Purchased.

b, c. Ad. st. Australia.

2. Gerygone cinerascens.

Gerygone cinerascens, 8harpe, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. xiii. p. 494 ;
id. Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 9, p. 28.

Adult (type of species). General colour above ashy brown, with
a faint tinge of olive on the rump ; vring-covcrts brown, narrowly
edged with whity brown ; quills brown, externally edged with whity

- 17. GERXGONE. 213

brown, these edges broader on the secondaries ; two centre tail-
feathers ashy brown, subterminullj- darker brown ; rest of the taU-
fcathers ashy brown, with a large white spot on the tip of the inner
web, before which is a large siibterminal bar of black, the inner
web below this having another white notch ; at the base of the bill
a line of white feathers ; region of the aye and ear-coverts light
brown ; checks and entire throat pnre white ; rest of under surface
of body bright yellow, paling on the thighs and under tail-coverts ;
under wing-coverts white, the quills greyish brown, with white
edgings along the inner webs. Total length 3-4 inches, culmen 0'45,
wing 2-15, tail 1-4.5, tarsus 0*7.

Another specimen from X.AV. Australia is probably the same as
the Xew-Guinea bii-d, but it is very much crushed and a bad skin,
and seems to have whitish ear-coverts instead of broAvn. This may,
however, be due to the bad preparation and shitting of the feathers.

Ifah. X.W. Australia ; S.E. Xew Guinea.

a. Ad. sk. Port Moresby. 0. C. Stone, Esq. [C.].

(Type of species.)

b. $ juv. sk. Depot, Victoria River, J. K.ELsev, Esq. [P.].

November 1855.

3. Gerygone inornata. (Plate V. fig. 1.)

Gerygone inornata, Wallace, P. Z. S. 18(3.3, p. 490 ; Finsch, Neu-

Guinea, p. 166; SJiarpe, Notes Lcyden Mus. i. uo. 9, p. 28,
Acantbiza inornata, Gi-aij, Hand-l. B. i. p. 219, uo. •"132.

Adult male (type of species). General colour above ashy brown,
the wing-coverts and quills darker brown, margined with the same
colour as the back ; tail-feathers light brown, with a subterminal
shade of blackish brown, all the feathers, excepting the two centre
ones, with a rounded spot of white at the tip of the inner web, in-
creasing in extent on the outer feathers, gradually extending to the
tip of the outer web also, till, in the outermost feather, the terminal
third is white, with a small brown apical spot, the outer web being
also narrowly white for nearly its whole extent ; lores with an
obscure spot of white ; sides of face and ear-coverts like the head, a
little i)aler only ; cheeks and under surface of body white, as also
the under wing-coverts, axiUaries, and inner edge of the quills below ;
thighs white, with brown bases. Total length 4 inches, culmen 0-4,
wing 2-1, tail l-o, tarsus 0-7.

Adult feuKiIe. Similar in plumage to the male. Total length 3- 7
inches, culmen 0-4, wing 2-05, tail 1"5, tarsus 0-6.

Hab. Timor.

a,b. (S «d. sk.

Timor.

A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].
(Tvpes (if species.)

<r. $ ad. sk.

Timor.

A. R.Wallace, Esq. [C.].

4. Gerygone simplex.

Gerygone modesta, Cab. J. f. O. 1866, p. 10 (nee Feb.).
Acantbiza, sp.. Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 220, no. 3147.

214 MUSCICAPID^.

Gerygoiie simplex, Cab. J.f. O. 1872, p. 316 ; Walden, Tr. Z. S. ix.
p. 194 ; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. n. a. i. p. 352 ; id. Notes Leyden Mvs.
i. no. 9, p. 28.

Adult (Luzon, Jagor ; type of species). General colour above ashy
brown, the wing-coverts and quills dark brown, externally margined
with pale ashy brown ; tail-feathers light ashy brown, with a broad
subterminal bar of black, the outer feathers having a small white
spot near the tip of the inner web ; lores yellowish white ; feathers
in front of and round the eye ashy white ; ear-coverts light ashy
brown ; cheeks and under surface of body white, with a slight wash
of buff on the breast ; under wing-coverts and axiUaries white ;
quills ashy below, whitish along the inner web. Total length 3"8
inches, culmen 0'4, wing 2, tail 1"45, tarsus 0-6. (Mus. Berol.)

Hah. Island of Luzon, Philippine archipelago.

5. Gerygone flaveola. (Plate V. fig. 2.)

Gerygone flaveola, Cab. J. f. O. 1873, p. 157 ; Met/er, t. c. p. 404 ;
Sakad. Ann. Mtis. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 605 ; Sharpe, Notes Leyden
Mus. i. no. 9, p. 28.

Adult (Macassar, Dr. A. B. Meyer ; type of species). General
colour above dark ashy brown, a trifle more grey on the head ; least
and median wing-coverts like the back ; greater coverts and quills
dark brown, with lighter brown edges, faintly tinged with olive on
the quiU-margins ; tail-feathers brown, with a subterminal shade of
darker brown, the outer feathers with a small spot of white near the
tip of the inner web ; lores, feathers in front of the eye extending
onto the upper eyelid, white ; ear- coverts ashy brown, strongly
washed with yellow : cheeks and under surface of body bright
yellow, becoming whiter on the sides of the vent and under tail-
coverts ; thighs brown ; under wing-coverts and axillaries white,
washed with yellow along the outer edge of the wing ; quills brown
below, whitish along the inner web. Total length 3*8 inches, cul-
men 0-45, wing 2-15, tail 1-5, tarsus 0-7. {Mus. Berol.)

Hah. Celebes ; Borneo (Schivaner, Mus. Lugd.).

a. <S ad. sk. Celebes ( Von Rosenberg'). Leiden Museum [P.].

6. Gerygone sulfui'ea.

Gerygone sulfurea, Wallace, F. Z. S. 1863, p. 490 ; Finsch, Neu-

Guinea, p. 166 ; Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 9, p. 28.
Acanthiza .iiilphurea, Gray. Hand-l. B. i. p. 220, no. 3140.

Adtdt (type of species). General colour above ashy brown, washed
with olive on the back and rump ; upper tail-coverts slightly darker
brown ; tail-feathers light ashy brown, with a subterminal shade of
darker brown, with a spot of white near the end of the inner web,
the ontermost feather with a subterminal white mark on the outer
web as well as the inner ; wing-coverts brown, edged with ashy

18. PSEFDOGEBYOOXE. 2] 5

brown, slightly tinged with olive on the primaries, the secondaries
with paler ashy margins ; sides of face ashy brown, rather darker
on the ear-coverts ; in front of the eyes a loral spot of dull white ;
cheeks and entire under surface of body sulphur-yellow; under
wing-coverts and axillaries white, washed with pale yellow ; quills
browu below, edged with white along the inner web. Total length
3-6 inches, culmen 0-4, wing 1-85, tail 1*4, tarsus 0-65.
Hab. Island of Solor.

a. Ad. sk. Solor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. (Type of species.)

7. Gerygone hyposantha.

Gerygoue xanthogaster, Miis. Lvijd.

Gerygone hypoxantha, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. xii. p. 345 ;
Shurpe, Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 9, p. 28.

Adult male (Misori, Von Rosenberg ; type of species). General
colour above dull olive-brown, more dingy on the head ; wing-coverts
and quills dark brown, edged with the same olive-colour as the back,
a little brighter on the primaries ; tail-feathers dark brown, edged
with olive and lighter ash-colour at the tips, before which is a shade
of black forming an indistinct bar ; lores yellowish white ; in fi'ont
of the eye a spot of dusky black ; round the eye a ring of yellow ;
sides of face and cheeks yellow, with an olive shade on the upper
margin of the ear-coverts ; under surface of body yellow from the
chin to the vent, the sides of the upper breast olive-brown, the
flanks washed with olive ; under wing-coverts white, washed with
yellow. Total length 3-7 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 1-95, tail 1-45,
tarsus 0-6. (Mus. Lugd.)

Adidt female. Like the male, but a little duller in colour. Total
length 3"6 inches, culmen 0-5, vring 2. tail 1-5, tarsus 0-6. (Mus.
Lugd.)

Hab. Island of Soek or Misori, in the Bay of Geelvink.

18. PSEUDOGERYGONE.

Gerygone, pt., auct. recent. Type.

Pseudogerygone, Skarpe, Azotes Leyden Mus. i. no. 9,
p. 28 (1878) P. personata.

Wing of Pseitdoc/erygone personata.

Mange. New Guinea and adjacent islands, ranging over the whole
of Australia and Xew Caledonia.

216 MUSCICAPID^.

Key to the Species.

a. With the throat pale, white, grey, or yellow,
as tlie case may be, but not blackish or dark
brown.
a'. Witli a subterraiual bar of black on the tail-
feathers, the outermost of which have a
more or less distinct pale spot near the tip
of the inner web.
a". Spot at the tip of the inner web white,
more or less conspicuoxis.
a'". Ear-coverts and throat of the sam'3
colour,
a*. Tail not white at base.

a^. Throat and ear-coverts greA-ish.

ft". No white eye-ring iynfa, p. 218.

& '. A white eye-ring modesta, p. 219.

h"". Throat and ear-coverts pale rufous,

the breast and abdomen white . . nificollis, p. 220.

6'. Tail white at base culiciconi, p. 220.

b'". Ear-coverts differently coloured from
the throat.

c^. Upper surtace ashy grey cinerea, p. 220.

d^. Upper surface brown of some shade

or other.

c^. Size smaller ; wing I'O to 2-2o

inches : upper tail-coverts and

outer base of tail-feathers brown.

c^. No light eyebrow ; bill entirely

black; at base of forehead a

narrow loral line of white ;

round the eye a ring of white

feathers.

«'. Ear-coverts reddish brown ;

breast and sides of body

reddish brown hruiineipectiis, p. 221.

i'. Ear-coverts light brown like
the head ; breast washed
with pale ochre-brown, as
also the tianks, both with a

yellowish tinge con^picilhita, p. 221.

d^. No light eyebrow or white ring
round the eye ; bill black, but
pearly white at the base of the
lower mandible ; no white line

along base of the lores miif/niroMrls, p. 222.

e". A light eyebrow, white or grey,

continued from the lores over

the fore part of the eye.

c". P^lanks briglit sulphur-yellow ;

back olive-brown, contrasting

with the ashy head and

neck Jlfuihiti-ralis, p. 222.

d'. Flanks whitish or fawn-co-
loured ; head and back of the
same colour.

18. PSKUDOGERVGONK. 217

a'. Throat greyish ; ear-coverta
grey ; eyebrows greyish

us rrY^'^"- ■ •/. A*^''' P- ^23.

b^ Throat white like the rest
of the under surface ; ear-
coverts brown ; eyebrow

pure white Itsvigastra, -p. 223.

<P. bize larger; wing 2-75 inches: up-
per tail-coverts and outer base of

A" « . tail-feathers fawn-colour albifrontata, -p. 224.

b . bpot at the tip of the inner web of the
tail-feathers rufous-brown; throat pale

., rr -r'^T ^'H ^^'^ '■^^.^ of tlie under surface . rufescens, p. 225.
6 . fail uniform black without any subterminal
bar, the inner web with a white spot near
the tip; upper surface of body dark

crimson „, i o-ie

V T„-i -e \1 : ■, rubra, p. 225.

c. lail umtorm brown with ohve margins : no

black subterminal bar or white spot near

the tip of the inner web.

e". Bill entirely black, the lower mandible

black like upper.

c'". Throat and breast white; abdomen,

flanks, thighs, and under tail-coverts

jw ^®\l°^ • • • ■ chrysonastra, p. 226.

a . Entire under surface of body yellow, > f ■^^■

excepting a whitish shade on the throat ,

and cheeks \personata 5 , p. 230.

€'". Under surface of the body whitish down U^f^lpebrosa $ , p. 230.

the centre ; the sides of breast, flanks,

thighs, and under tail-coverts brown

J" •R-ii°'" ^-It'''^ H''°'^° arfahiann, p. 226.

rf . Bill with the lower mandible yellowish,
with a brown spot towards the" tip.
/". Feet pale ; head almost of the same
colour as the back.
e*. Median and gi-eater wing-coverts

y. AfP?"^^ ^^'^ ^^'^® ^* *^® *ip ■ • • • notata, p. 227

/*. Median and greater coverts not spotted

with white.

e*. Throat whitish, as also the under

surface of body, the flanks washed

with dull yellow ; axillaries wliite,

tinged with yellow mglecta, p. 227.

/'. 1 hroat and centre of body yellow,
the sides of the bodv greenish;

.<" -p . ^^^^^T^ y/'^ow . . . . : troehUoides, p. 228.

9 . iiieetriark; head grey, contrasting with
the gi-eenish back.
g*. No white eyebrow.

^. Ayellow wing-bar, formed of the
tips to the greater coverts ; under
surface pale yellow, the sides of

the body dark grpenish maforensis, p. 228.

A». iNo yellow wmg-bar; under sur-
face white, the sides of the body
-^®^o^ '. chloro7iota, p. 229.

TOL. IV.

218 MUSCICAPIDiE.

A*. A distinct wliite eyebrow ; throat

white ; rest of under surface yellow poliocephala, p. 229.
h. Throat dark, forming a patch of black or brown
contrasting with the breast; forehead and
sides of face brown or black like the throat,
the cheeks and a loral spot of white forming
a strong- contrast ; bill entirely black.

e". Sides of face and throat brown 2)ersonata cJ , P- 229.

/". Sides of face and throat black ^ja/peSrosw c5' , P- 230,

1. Pseudogerygone igata.*

Curruca igata, Qi'oij et Gaim. Voy. de VAstrol., Zool. i. p. 201, pi. 11.

fig. 2.
Gervgone flaviventris, Oray, Voi/. Ereh. 8; Terror, Birds, p. 5, pi. 4.

fig. 1 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 29-3 ; Gray, Ibis, 1862, p. 221 ; Bidler, B.

New Zealand, p. 107 ; Finsch, J.f. 0. 1872, p. 160, et 1874, p. 186 ;

Sharpe, Voy. Erehis ^ Terr., Birds, App. p. 25 ; Gi/lis, Tr. N. Zeal.

Inst, vii.p. 524 ; Buller, op. cit. viii. p. 190 ; Finsch, op. cit. p. 201.
Acanthiza igata, Gray, in Dieffenh. Trav. ii. App. p. 189 ; id. Hand-l.

B. i. p. 220, no. 3141.
Acanthiza tiaviventris, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 189 ; id. Hand-l. B. i.

p. 219, no. 3129.
Gerygone igata, Bp. Consp. i. p. 293 ; Gray, Ibis, 1862, p. 221 ; Pelz.

Meis. Nomra, Vog. p. 65 ; Fimch, J. f. 'O. 1872, p. 162, et 1874,

p. 187 ; Buller, B. N. Zeal., Intr. p. xv ; Sharjie, Voy, Freb. 4"

Terror, Birds, App. p. 25.
P Gerygone auclvlandica, Pelz. Reis. Novara, Vog. p. 65.
Gerygone assimilis, Bidler, Essay on N. Zeal. Orn. p. 9.
Acanthiza assimilis. Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 220, no. 3142.
Acanthiza aucklandica. Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 220, no. 3140 j Giebel,

Orn. Thesaurus, p. 257.
Pseudogerygone igata, Sharpe, Notes Ley den Mtis. i. no. 9, p. 29.

Adult male. General colour above dark olive-brown, with a more
distinct olive tinge on the back and rump ; upper tail-coverts rather
lighter; tail-feathers ashy brown with a broad antesubterminal
shade of black, aU but the centre feathers with a distinct subtermi-

* The following species is unknown to me, and Mr. Potts, who separates the
bird as distinct from P. igata {yel Jlaviveniris) on account of the different song,
does not give any sj)ecific characters : —

Pseudogerygone sylvestris.
Gerygone sylyestris, Potts, Tr. N. Zeal. Inst. v. p. 177, vi. p. 144 ; Finsch,
Tr. N. Zeal. Inst. vii. p. 229.

If Von Pelzeln's Pseudogerygone aucklandica be really distinct from P. igata,
Mr. Pott's species might liave to bear that name.

Adidt male. Upper surface dark ohvaceoiis ; wings smoky black, except first
two feathers, outer webs fringed with yellow ; cheek dark grey, darkest in a
line from tlie gape through the eye ; chin grey ; neck and breast pale grey ;
abdomen white ; under wiug-covsrts white ; upper wing-coverts brown, mar-
gined with yellow ; upper tail-coverts slaty black, tipped with yeUow ; tail
brown, with a broad band of black, two centre feathers black, tipped with brovra,
four feathers on each side tipped with white on inner webs, pale browu on outer
webs, two outer feathers broadly barred with white, tipped with brown. Bill
black, both mandibles horn-colour at the point ; legs and feet black ; inside of
feet yellowish flesh ; irides bright blood-red. Bill from gape 6 lines, wings
from flexure 2 inches, tail 2 inches 2 lines, tarsus 9 lines, middle toe and claw
6 lines ; total length 4 inches 5 lines.

H.ah. Westland, New Zealand.

18. PSEUDOGERYGONE.

219

nal white bar ; median and lesser wing-coverts like the back •
greater coverts and quills brown, narrowly edged with olive-brown •
lores and an indistinct eyebrow dark grey; feathers in front of and
round the eye blackish ; ear-coverts and sides of neck dark ashy
grey, the latter washed with olive; cheeks and under surface of
body lighter ashy, inclining to white on the abdomen, flanks, and
under tail-coverts ; thighs ashy brown ; under wing-coverts slightly
washed with olive; quills brown below, whitish along the edge
of the inner web ; " bill, tarsus, and toes dark brown ; iris red "
(Buller). Total length 4-1 inches, culmen 0-4, wing 2-1 tail 1-8
tarsus 0-8. '

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 4 inches, cul-
men 0-4, wing 1-9, tail 1-7, tarsus 0-75.

Young. SimUar to the adult, but browner above, and washed with
pale yellow on the sides of the body.

Hab. New Zealand.

«, 6. c? $ ad. sk. New Zealand (i^..S!ra?i^e). Capt. Stokes TIM

c Juv. sk. Bay of Islands, N. Z. AntarcticExpeditiourO.l.

rf.Juv.sk. New Zealand. Zoological Society.

2. Pseudogerygone modesta.
Gerygone modesta, Pelz. &itz. k. Akad. Wien, xli. p. .320; Gray, Ibis,

Acanthiza modesta, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 220, no 3139
Pseudogerygone modesta, Sharpe, Notes Leijden Mus. i. Ao. 9, p. 29.
Adult General colour above brown, with a sUght olivaceous
brown tinge on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; lesser and median
wmg-coyerts like the back; greater and primarv-coverts, as weU as
the quills, dark brown, narrowly edged with olive-brown margins ;
tail-feathers ashy brown, edged with olive, with an antesubterminal
shade of black forming a broad band across the end of the tail aU
but the centre feathers having a small spot of white near the tip of
the inner web, increasing in extent towards the outermost • lores
obscure grey, forming an almost imperceptible streak over the fore
part of the eye ; round the latter a ring of white feathers, and in
front of it a blackish spot ; sides of face ashy, darker on the upper
edge of the ear-coverts ; thi-oat and breast ashy ; the abdomen, flanks,
and under tail-coverts white, strongly washed with buflf; thighs
ashy; under wing-coverts and axillaries duU white, washed with
yellow ; thighs ashy; quills brown below, whitish along the inner
web ; "eyes black" {BrenMey). Total length 4-2 inches, culmen
0-4o, wing 2-0o, tail 1-75, tarsus 0-8.
Hub. Norfolk Island.

a. Ad. sk. Norfolk Island, June 1865. J. Brenchley, Esq. [P.].

3. Pseudogerygone ruficoUis.
Gerygone? ruficollis, Sahad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p 959
Pseudogerj'gone ruficoUis, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 9, p.' 29.
Female (Atam, June 2Q, \S1d, Beccari ; type of species). General

q2

220 MCSriCAPID-lC.

colour above umber-brown ; wings blackish brown, tbe coverts and
quills edged with paler brown, inclining to whity brown on the
secondaries; tail-feathers brown, with a broad black bar near their
ends, all but the centre feathers having a conspicuous white spot
near the tip of the inner web ; lores and an indistinct ej-ebrow
rufous-brown ; eyelid buify whitish ; in front of the eye a blackish
spot ; sides of face, throat, and fore neck light rufous ; remainder of
the body white, the sides of the upper breast brown ; sides of body
slightly washed with brown ; under wing-coverts and axillaries
white ; quills dark brown below, whitish along the inner webs.
Total length 3-7 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2, tail 1-4, tarsus 0-65.
(Mus. Civic. Genov.)

Hah. Atam, jST.W. New Guinea.

4. Pseudogerygone culicivora.

Psilopus culicivorus, Oould, P. Z. 8. 1840, p. 176.

Gerygone culicivora, Gould, B. Austr. folio, ii. pi. 99; Sp. Consp. i.

p. 293 ; Reichenb. Vog. Nmlioll. pp. 71, 288 ; Gould, Handh. B.

Austr. i. p. 268 ; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 183.
Acanthiza cuhcivora. Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 189 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 219,

no. 31.35.
Pseudogerygone culicivora, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29.

Adult male. General colour above ashy brown, the wing-coverta
and quills with narrow margins of lighter brown, inclining to whitish
on the secondaries ; tail white at base, the more central feathers
with the extreme bases blackish ; the two middle feathers ashy
brown, with a subterminal shade of black, all the others with a
broad band of black before the end of the tail, the outer feather
tipped with white, the others with a large spot of white at the tip
of the inner web ; lores and sides of face light ash-colour, with a
spot of dusky brown feathers in front of and behind the eye ; upper
and lower margin of eyelid whitish ; throat and chest ashy whitish,
becoming purer white on the abdomen and under tail-coverts, the
sides of the body washed with ochraceous buif ; thighs brown ; under
wing-coverts white, the quills ashy brown below, edged with whitish
along the inner web ; " biU and feet black ; iris light reddish yellow "
(Gould). Total length 4 inches, culmen 0-4, wing 2-25, tail 1"8,
tarsus 0-75. (Mus. Lucjd.)

Hah. Western Australia.

5. Pseudogerygone cinerea.

Gerygone ? cinerea, Snlvad. Ann. Mus. Ciric. Gcnov. vii. p. 958.
Pseudogerygone cinerea, Sharpe, Notes Leyden 3Ius. i. no. 9, p. 29.

Adult male (Atam, July 1, 1875, Beccari; type of species).
General colour above ashy grey, the crown slightly mottled with
blackish bases to the feathers ; wings browner than the back, the
wing-coverts and quills very narrowly edged with ashy grey ;
feathers of the rump tipped with white, forming a bar across ; tail-
feathers brown, margined with ashy grey, and crossed with an in-
distinct band of black near the tip, the outermost with a small,
nearly obsolete whitish mark near the end of the inner web ; lores

18. PflEUDOGERTGONE. 221

and sides of face ashy grey ; round the eye a dull whitish ring ;
under surface of body white, the sides of the upper breast ashy, and
the flanks slightly washed with the latter colour ; thighs greyish.
Total length 3-8 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 1'9, tail 1'3, tarsus 0'65.
{Mus. Civic. Genov.)

Adult female. Like the male. Total length 3' 5 inches, cul men 0*4,
wing 2, tail 1"4, tarsus 0'65.

Huh. Atam, N.W. New Guinea.

6. Pseudogerygone brunneipectus.

Gerygone magairostris, Salvad. Ami. Mus. Civic. Genov. ix. p. 25 {nee

Gould).
Pseudogerygone brunneipectus, Skarjye, Notes Leyd. Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29.

Adult male. Above dark chocolate-brown, slightly more rufous-
brown on the upper tail-coverts ; tail-feathers brown, edged with
rufous-brown, and having a broad subterminal bar, the outermost
with a faint indication of a pale spot near the tip of the outer web ;
wings brown, the coverts and quills edged with the same brown as
the back, and slightly washed with olive ; near the base of the bill
a narrow loral line of whitish ; spot in front of the eye blackish ;
eyelid white ; ear-coverts reddish brown ; throat white ; rest of under
surface of the body light ochraceous brown, paler on the abdomen ;
under wing-covcrts and axillarics dull whitish, washed with brown ;
quills blackish brown, ashy along the edge of the inner webs. Total
length 4-2 inches, culmen 0"55, wing 2-25, tail 1-7, tarsus 0'7.

Young. Tinged with yellow on the underparts, and with olive
on the back and wings ; the white spots on the tail-feathers more
distinct ; throat dull white ; breast yellow, obscured with brownish
edges to the feathers. {Mus. Civic. Genov.)

Ohs. A species very doubtfully distinct from P. consjncillata, with
which Count Salvadori was inclined to identify it after comparing
his specimens with the type in the British Museum.

Hab. North Australia {21us. Godnian), South-eastern New Guinea
(Mus. Genov.), and the Aru Islands.

a. cj ad. sk. Aru Islands (Von Jtosenherg). Leiden Museum [P.].

7. Pseudogerygone conspicillata.

Micrceca conspicillata, Grcuj, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 156; Finsch, Neu-
Guineo, p. 170 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 324, no. 4859.

Sylvia virescens, Blyth, Ibis, 1870, p. 169 (e.v Miill. MS. in Mus. Lugd.).

Gei-ygone affinis, Meyer, Sitz. k. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, Ixx. p. 116 ;
Salvad. Ann. BIus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 958.

Gerygone conspicillata, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. xii. p. 343.

Pseudogerygone conspicillata, Sharpe, Notes Leyd. Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29.

Adult female (type of species). General colour above olive-browu,
a little duller on the head ; wing-coverts and quills dark brown,
margined with a narrow edging of the same colour as the back, a
little more olive on the secondaries ; tail-feathers ashy brown, edged
with olive ; a shade of darker brown before the ends of the feathers,
which are lighter and more ashv brown ; in front of the eve a duskv

222 iirscicAPiiJiE.

brown patch ; sides of the face and ear-coverts brown ; a loral spot
of white ; ej-elid white above and below, brown in front and behind ;
cheeks and throat white, as also the centre of the abdomen and
under tail-coverts ; the sides ot the body slightly fulvescent, more
distinctly tinged with fulvous-brown on the fore neck ; under wing-
covcrts white, with a slight yellowish tinge ; quills brown below,
with whitish edgings to the inner web. Total length 4 inches,
culmen 0-45, wing 2-1, taU 1-6, tarsus 0-65.
Hah. New Guinea, Island of Jobi.

a. $ ad. sk. Dorey, New Guinea. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

(Type of species.)

b. Ad. sk. Dorey, N. G. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

c. $ ad. sk. Sorong, Sahvatti, Feb. 8, Leiden Museum [P.].

1868 {Dr. Bernstein).

8. Pseudogerygone magnirostris.

Gerygone magnirostris, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 133 ; id. B. Austr.

fol. ii. pi. 100; Bp. Consp. i. p. 293; Reichenb. Vijg. Nenholl.

pp. 220, 288; Finsch, Neu-Guinca, p. 166; Gmld, Handb. B.

Austr. i. p. 270 ; Bamsay, Br. Linn. Soc. N. S. TV. ii. p. 183.
Acantliiza magnirostris, Grat/, Gen. B. i. p. 189 ; id. Hand-l. B. i.

p. 219, no. 3136.
Pseudogeiygone magnirostris, Sharpe, Notes Leyd. Mns. i. no. 9, p. 29.

Adult. All the upper surface brown ; margins of the primaries
slightly tinged with olive ; tail-feathers crossed near the extremity
by an indistinct broad band of brownish black ; all the under sur-
face white, tinged with brownish buff; irides light brown; bill
olive-brown, the base of the lower mandible pearl-white ; feet
greenish grey. Total length 3| inches, bill yV, wing 2|, taU Ii,
tarsus f {Gould).

Hah. Port Essington and Port Darwin in North-western Australia;
Eockingham Bay in Queensland.

9. Pseudogerygone flavilateralis.

Acanthizaflavolateralis, Gray, B. Z. S. 1859, p. 161 ; id. Cat. B. Trap.

Isl. Pacijic Ocean, p. 15 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 219, no. 3119 ; Marie,

Actes Linn. Soc. Bordeaux, xxvii. p. 327.
Gerygone flavolateralis, Layard, Ibis, 1877, p. 357 ; id. Ibis, 1878,

p. 254.
Pseudogerygone flavilateralis, Shaj-pe, Notes Leyd. Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29.

Adult (type of species). General colour above olive, the head and .
neck ashy, extending onto the mantle ; the rump a little more
yellow than the back ; wing-coverts olive, slightly shaded with
ashy; greater series and primary-coverts dark brown, the former
broadly, the latter narrowly edged with pale olive-yellow ; quills
dark brcs^Ti, narrowly margined with olive-yellow ; tail-feathers
light brown, edged with olive, all but the centre feathers with a
large white spot at the end of the inner web, increasing in extent
towards the outermost, where it forms a subterminal bar across the
feather ; all the feathers with a broad subterminal shade of black ; lores
greyish white, ibrming also a narrow line above the eye ; in front of

18. P8EPD0GERVG0NE, 223

the eye a dusky spot ; round the eye a ring of greyish-white
feathers ; ear-coverts and sides of neck ashy brown like the head ;
cheeks and under surface of body ashy white, with a browner shade
on the chest and sides of the breast, the under tail- coverts slightly
tinged with yellow ; sides of the body pale lemon-yellow ; under
wing-coverts and axillaries white, with a slight wash of pale yellow ;
quills brown below, margined with white along the inner web.
Total length 3"G inches, culmcn 0*4, wing 2, tail VG, tarsus 0-7.
Ifab. New Caledonia.

a. Ad. sk. Island of Nu, New Caledonia, J. Macgillivray, Esq. [C.].
April 20, 1858. (Type of species.)

10. Pseudogerygone fusca.

Psilopus fuscus, Gould, P. Z. S. 183", p. 147 ; id. Syn. B. Aiistr. pt. iv.
Gerygone fusca, Gotdd in De Strzelecki's Phj/s. Descr. of N. S. Wales

and ['an Diemeii's Land, p. .321 ; id. B. Austr. fol. ii. pi. 98 ; Bp.

Consp. i. p. 293 ; Jieichenb. Vcig. NerihoU. pp. 70, 288 ; Gould,

Handh. B. Austr. i. p. 267 ; Ramsay, Proc, Litm. Sac, N. S, W.

ii. p. 183.
Acanthiza fusca, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 189; id. Iland-l. B. i. p. 219,

no. 3134.
Pseudogerygone fusca, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mas. i. no. 9, p. 29.

Adult (Cape York, J. Cocl-erell). General colour above brown,
slightly more rufescent on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; lesser
and median wing-coverts like the back, the greater coverts and
quills dark brown, narrowly margined with the brown of the back,
incHning to whity brown on the edges of the primaries ; tail ashy
brown, with a broad shade of black towards the ends of the feathers,
all of which, with the exception of the two centre ones, have a large
white spot near the end of the inner web, the outermost being crossed
by a subterminal white bar, the tip being dusky brown ; lores and
a lino over the eye greyish white, as well as the eye-ring and
feathers below the eye ; in front of the eye a blackish spot ; sides of
the face, sides of neck, and throat ashy grey, shading oif into grej-ish
white on the breast, and to pure white on the abdomen ; thighs
brown; flanks and under tail-coverts washed with buff; under
wing-coverts and axillaries white ; quills dark brown below, whitish
along the edge of the inner web ; " bill and feet black ; iris light
reddish yellow " {Gould). Total length 3-8 inches, culmen 0*4, wing
1'9, tail 1-7, tarsus 0-65. {Mu,t. F. DuCane Godnmn.)

Another specimen in Mr. Godman's collection, perhaps a female,
is much more fulvous-brown above, especially on the rump and upper
tail-coverts ; the sides of the body are tawny buff, as well as the
under tail-coverts, leaving only the breast and centre of the abdo-
men whitish. Total length 3-7 inches, culmen 0-4, wing 1-9, tail
VQ, tarsus O'Go.

Huh. Australia : "Wide-Bay district ; Richmond and Clarence-
River districts ; New South Wales ; Victoria.

11. Pseudogerygone IsBvigastr a.
Gerygone laevigaster, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 133; id. B. Amfr

224t MUSCICAPID-E.

fol. ii. pi. 101 ; Bp. Cotisp. i. p. 293 ; Reichmb. Vog. Neuholl. pp.

220, 288; Fimch, Neu-Guinea, p. 160; Gould, Handb. B. Austr.

i. p. 270 ; Rmnsmj, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 183.
AcantLiza liBvigaster, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 189 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 219,

no. 3137.
Gerygone simplex, Masters*, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, i. p. 52

{nee Cub.) ; Rmnsay, op. cit. ii. p. 183.
Pseudogerj-goue Itevigastra, S/iarpe, Xotes Lei/d. 3ftcs. i. no. 9, p. 29.

Adult (Cape York, J. CocJrerell). Above light brown, a little more
fulvcscent browu on the lower back and rump ; tail-coverts brown,
with lighter brown margins ; two centre tail-feathers ashy brown,
with a subterminal shade of darker brown, the rest of the feathers
ashy brown, with a very broad antesubterminal band of black, and
having a large white spot at the top of the inner web ; least and
median wing-coverts hke the back, the greater series, primary-
coverts, and quills brown, with narrow whity-brown or fulvescent
edges ; lores white, extending backwards and forming a complete
eyebrow ; eyelid above and below white, behind and before brown ;
in front of the eye a spot of dusky brown ; sides of face pale ashy
brown ; throat and under surface of body pure white ; thighs brown ;
sides of breast and flanks ashy brown ; under wing-coverts and
axillaries pure white ; quills brown below, white along the edges of
the inner web ; " bill olive-brown, base of lower mandible ashy
greyt ; feet dark greenish grey ; ii-is light reddish brown " (Gould).
Total length 4-2 inches, eulmen 0-4, wing 2-15, tail 1-65, tarsus 0*7.
(Mus. F. DuCane Godman.)

Hah. Port Essington, Port Darwin, Gulf of Carpentaria in Xorth-
ern Australia.

12. Pseudogerygone albifrontata.

Gervgone albofrontata, Grat/, Voi/. Brebus (5J- Terror, Birds, p. 5. pi. 4.

fig. 2 ; Bp. Comp. i. p. 293 ; Gray, Ibis, 1862, p. 221 ; Bidler, B.

New Zealand, p. ill ; Finsch, J. f. 0. 1874, p. 188 ; Sharpe, Voy.

Erebus 8f Terror, Birds, App. p. 26.
Acanthiza albofrontata, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 189 ; id. Hand-l. B. i.

p. 219, no. 3130.
GeiTgone frontata, Potts, Tr. N. Z. Inst. vi. p. 144 (lapsu).
Pseuciogerygone albifrontata, Sharpe, Xotes Leyd. Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29.

Adult (typo of species). General colour above brown, inclining to
ochraceous brown on the rump and to ochreous fawn-colour on the
upper tail-coverts, which contrast with the rest of the upper surface ;
tail-feathers brown, all of them fawn-colour near the base of the
outer web, and having a broad shade of black near the end, with a
subterminal spot or bar near the tip of the inner web ; least and
median wing-coverts like the back, the greater coverts and quills
dark brown, edged with yellowish brown, lighter on the quiUs ; base
of forehead, feathers above and round the eye, as well as a tolerably

* From the description given by Mr. Masters, I consider liis Gerygone simplex
to be the same as G. la-vigajsfer of Gould. Should it eventually be distin-
guished from the latter species it cannot bear the name o^ simplex, already appro-
priated by Cabanis. and I would propose that of Pseudogerygone mastersi for it.

t Not so represented in the plate.

18. PSEUDOGERTGONB. 225

distinct eyebrow, greyish white ; eye-ring purer white ; in front of
the eye a dusky spot ; ear-coverts greyish white, the upper edge
brown ; under surface of body dull white, with a slight shade of
brown, the sides of the body and Hanks yellow ; under tail-coverts
tawny buff ; thighs dark brown ; under wing-coverts and axillariea
white ; quills dark brown, whity brown along the edge of the inner
web ; " bill and feet blackish brown ; iris blood-red " (BuUer).
Total length 5-5 inches, cuknen 0-55, wing 2-75, tail 2-2,
tarsus 0'95.

Femah. Similar to the male, but slightly smaller, and without the
yellow tinge on the underparts {Buller).

Hah. Chatham Islands.

a. Ad. sk. Chatham Islands. New Zealand Co. [P.].

(Type of species.)

13. Pseudogerygone rufescens.

Gerygone ? rufescens, Sahad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 961.
Pseudogerygone rufescens, Shai'pe, Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29.

Adult male (Atam, June 21, 1875, Beccari; type of species).
General colour above dark umber-brown, with a slight olive tinge,
especially distinct on the wing-coverts ; greater coverts and quills
dark brown, with pale olive-brown edges ; rump and upper tail-
coverts rather more rufous-brown than the back ; tail-feathers dull
brown, edged with rufous-olive and crossed near the end with a di-
stinct shade of black, mostly confined to the inner web, the outer-
most feathers with a pale subterminal spot of rufous-buff, very in-
distinct ; lores olivaceous buff ; eye-ring pale rufous-brown ; sides
of face and under surface of body pale rufous-brown, inclining to
fulvous on the lower abdomen ; under wing-coverts and axillarics
rufous- buff ; quills dark brown below, whity brown along the edge
of the inner web. Total length 3'8 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2-1,
tail 1-6, tarsus 0'75. (J/?es. Civic. Genov.)

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 3'7 inches, cul-
men 0-45, wing 2-0o, tail 1-5, tarsus 0-7. {Mus. Civic. Genov.)

Hah. Atam, N.W. New Guinea.

14. Pseudogerygone rubra,
Pseudogerygone rubra, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29.

Adult male (Tjobonda, Arfak Mountains, Feb. 17th, 1876,
Bruija). General colour above dark crimson, a little duller on the
head and neck ; wings dull blackish, with a small white bar run-
ning obliquely across the wing ; tail-feathers black, with white tips
to tlie outer feathers, increasing in extent on the outermost, where
the white extends a little way up the outer web also ; forehead
dusky brown, the loral ])lumcs dull white with black tips ; across
the base of the forehead a small white line ; ear-coverts and eyelid
sooty blackish, the latter white in front and behind only ; cheeks
dull white with dusky bases ; under surface of body light ashy
grey, becoming white on the abdomen and tinder tail-coverts

226 MOSCICAPIBiE.

thighs blackish, washed with dark crimson; under wing-coverts
and axillaries white ; quills ashy below, with an indistinct white
bar across the basal portion of the quills. Total length 4-1 inches,
culmen 0-5, wing 2'35, tail 2-1, tarsus 0-6. (Mus. Lwjd.)
Hah. Arfak Mountains, N.W. New Guinea.

15. Pseudogerygone chrysogastra.

Gerygone chrysogaster, Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 174 ; id. Cat. B. New
Guinea, p. 25; id. P. Z.' S. 1861, p. 434; Finsch, Nevr-Guinea,
p. 166 ; Sahad. i^- D' Albert. Ann. Mus. Civic. Gcnov. vii. p. 820 ;
Salvad. t. c. p. 956, ix. p. 26 ; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 495.

Acanthiza chlorogaster, Graij, Hand-l. B. i. p. 219, no. 3131.

Pseudogerygone chrysogastra, Shaiye, Notes Leyd. Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29.

Adult male. General colour olive-brown, the upper tail-coverts
more rusty brown ; wing-coverts like the back, the greater series
darker brown, narrowly edged with olive-brown like the back;
quills dark brown, externally edged with olive; tail dark brown,
edged with rusty brown like the upper tail-coverts ; lores and eye-
lid dull white ; ear-coverts and sides of face light ashy brown ;
cheeks, throat, and breast white, the remainder of the under surface
sulphur-yellow, the thighs browner ; under wing-coverts pale yel-
low, with white bases ; " biU and feet dusky " ( Wallace) ; iris
black (D'Albertis). Total length 4-7 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2-2,
tail 1"8, tarsus 0*65.

Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. " Bill black, feet
pale reddish white " ( Wallace). Total length 4-2 inches, culmen
0'45, wing 2, tail 1*7, tarsus 0-65.

Hah. Am Islands and South-eastern New Guinea ; island of
Jobi, in the Bay of Geelvink.

n,b.(S2 ^^- sk. Ai-u Islands. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

(Types of species.)

c. c7 ad. sk. Aru Islands. A. K. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

d. Ad. sk. Aru Islands ( Voti Leiden Museum [P.].

Bosenbery).

16. Pseudogerygone arfakiana.

GeiTgoue ? arfakiana, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 960,

X. p. 148.
Pseudogerygone arfakiana, Sharpe, Notes Leyd. Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29.

Adult inale (Arfak, May 11, 1875, Beccari; typo of species).
Above dusky olive-green, the lower back and rump more olive-
brown, the upper tail-coverts rufous-brown ; tail-feathers brown,
with rufous-olive margins, and having an indistinct shade of darker
brown a little before their ends ; wing-coverts like the back ; pri-
mary-coverts dusky brown, edged "with olive ; quills dusky brown,
margined with yellowish olive ; lores and a ring of feathers round
the eye dull whitish ; sides of face dull white, the ear-coverts dusky
ash ; throat and under surface of body dull whitish, washed with
fidvous on the chest, lower flanks, and under tail-coverts ; sides of
neck and sides of breast dusky ash-grey washed with olive ; thighs

18. PSEUDOGEEVGONE. 227

oUve-brown ; under wing-coverts white, washed with olive-yellow ;
quills dusky brown, edged with white along the inner web. Total
length 3-75 inches, culmon 0-45, wing 1-95, tail 1-5, tarsus 0-7.
{Mus. Civic. Genov.)

Hub. Arfak ilountains, N.W. ]S^ew Guinea.

17. Pseudogerygone notata.

Gerygone neglecta?, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 957

(vec Wall). ^

Gerygone notata, Suhad. Ann. Mm. Civic. Genov. xii. p. 344
Pseudogerygone notata, S/im-pe, Kofes Leyden Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29.

Adult. General colour above dark greenish olive, rather more
rufescent ou the upper tail-coverts; least wing-coverts like the
back ; greater and median wing-covcrts dark brown, edged and
tipped with yellow ; quills dark brown, externally edged with the
same ohve as the back ; tail-feathers brown, with olive margins ;
lores buffy whitish ; ear-coverts olive, with lighter shaft-streaks ;
throat and breast white, slightly tinged with yellow ; the abdomen,
thighs, and under tail-coverts olive-yeUow ; under wing-coverts
white, as also the axillaries, washed with yellow, especially on the
edge of the wing ; quills dusky brown below, buffy white along the
inner edge of the quiUs. Total length 4-2 inches, culmen 0-45,
wing 1-95, tail 1-55, tarsus 0-6.

Hah. Island of Mysol and jST.W. New Guinea,

f- ^^■!\ o^>;^°^- ^- R- Wallace, Esq. [CI.

6. c? ad. sk. Sailolo, Salwatti, Feb. 25, Leiden Museum TP.!.
1865 [Dr. Bernstein).

18. Pseudogerygone neglecta.

Gerygone neglecta, Wcdlaco, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 475.
Acauthiza neglecta, Graij, Hand-l. B. i. p. 220, no. 3144.
Pseudogerygone neglecta, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mm. i. no. 9, p. 29.

Adidt (type of species). General colour above dull olive, the upper
tail-coverts rather more rui'escent olive ; wing- coverts dusky brown,
with olive margins like the back; quills dull brown, with more
yellow margins to the feathers; tail-feathers brown, edged with
dusky olive ; feathers in front of and round the eye duU yellow ;
ear- coverts dusky ohve-yellowish ; throat dull white, as also the
centre of the breast, washed with yellow, the flanks olive-greenish,
the lower abdomen and under tail-coverts brighter yellow ; under
wing-coverts and axillaries white, with a slight wash of yellow ;
quills dark brown below, edged with lighter brown along the inner
web. Total length 4-4 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2-2, tail 1-7,
tarsus 0'6.

Hah. Island of Waigiou.

«• -A-d. sk. Waigiou. A. R. Wallace, E.<q. [C.j.

"" e of species.)

Vallace, Esq. [C.].

, ^ , , (Type of species.)

h. $ ad. sk. Waigiou. A. R! Wa:"

228 MUSCICAPID^.

19. Pseudogerygone trocMloides.

Sericornis? trochiloides, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 961.
Pseudogerygone trochiloides, Sharpe, Notes Leyd. Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29.

Adult female (Xordo, Misori, May 1875, Beccari ; type of
species). General colour above dull olive-green, the head a little
duller than the back ; wing-coverts like the back, the median and
greater series a little more yellow, especially at the tips, forming an
indistinct double bar across the wing; primary-coverts and quills
dusky brown, edged with olive-yellow ; tail-featliers dusky blackish,
edged with olive-green like the back ; lores mottled with dusky
grey, with whitish bases ; an indistinct eye-ring of yellow ; ear-
coverts dull greyish, washed with olive, and with yellowish narrow
shaft-lines ; cheeks and throat yellow ; remainder of under surface
olive-greenish, rather more grey on the sides of the body, where
the bases of the feathers are grey, the centre of the body rather
brighter yellow, the feathers being edged with the latter colour;
under wing-coverts and axillaries white, washed with yellow, espe-
cially near the edge of the wing ; quills dusky brown below, whitish
along the inner web ; bill blackish, the lower mandible yellowish
white ; feet yellowish. Total length 3-7 inches, culmen 0-5, wing
2-1, tail 1-4, tarsus 0-8. {Mus. Civic. Genov.)

Young mah (Kordo, May 7, 1875, Beccari). Similar to the adult,
but rather more dull in colour and rather paler j'ellow on the under
surface. Total length 3-7 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2-1, tail 1-45,
tarsus 0'8. {Mus. Civic. Genov.)

Ohs. This species, as well as P. poliocephaJa and P. maforensis, is
rather aberrant in form, having an enormous bill, strong bristles,
long wings, and long silky flank-feathers.

Hah. Island of Misori, in the Bay of Geelvink,

20. Pseudogerygone maforensis.

Gerygone maforensis, Meyer, Sitz. k. Ahad. Wipn, Ixx. p. 120.
Pseudogerygone maforensis, Sharpe, Notes Leyd. Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29.

Adult femde (Mafoor, March 1873, Dr. A. B. Meyer ; type of
species). General colour above dark olive-green, the head greyer,
and slightly washed with olive ; wing-coverts brown, edged with
olive, the greater series tipped with yellow, forming a bar across the
wing ; quills dusky brown, edged with olive-yellow, a little brighter
on the primaries; tail blackish brown, narrowly and indistinctly
edged with olive ; lores dusky grey ; cheeks and ear-coverts lighter
ashy, the latter slightly washed with olive and narrowly streaked
with dull whitish shaft-lines ; under surface of body pale greyish
on the throat and breast, with yellow streaks, the feathers being
edged with olive-yellow ; the abdomen whiter, washed with yellow,
the sides of the body ashy grey washed with olive ; under wing-
coverts white, the edge of the wing yoUowish ; quills dusky brown
below, whitish along the inner web. Total length 3*8 inches, cul-
men 0-45, wing 2, tail 1-3, tarsus 0-7. (Mus. Dresden.)

Hah. Island of Mafoor, in the Bav of Geelvink.

18. PSErDOGERYGO.NE. 229

21. Pseudogerygone chloronota.

Gerygone chloronotiis, Gould, P. Z. &'. 1842, p. 133; id. B. Austr.

fol. ii. pi. 182 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 203 ; Eeichenb. Vog. Neuholl. pp. 71,

288; Finsch, Neu-Gmnea, p. lUG; Gould, Ha'ndb. B. Austr. i.

p. 271 ; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. X. S. W. ii. p. 170.
Acanthiza chloronotus, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 189; id. Hand-l. B i.

p. 219, no. 31.38.
Pseudogerygone chloronota, Sharpe, Notes Leyd. Mus. i. no. 9, p. 29,

Head and back of the neck brownish grey ; back, wing-coverts,
rump, iipper tail-coverts, margins of the primaries, and the margins
of the basal half of the tail-feathers bright olive-green ; primaries
and tail-feathers brown, the latter becoming mnch darker towards
the extremity ; under surface white ; sides and vent olive-yellow ;
irides wood-brown ; upper mandible greenish grey ; lower mandible
white ; feet blackish grey. Total length 3| inches, bill -f-^, wing 2|,
tail If, tarsus |. {Gould.)

Hah. Northern Australia.

22. Pseudogerygone poliocephala.

Gerygone ? poliocephala, Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 960.
Pseudogerygone poliocephala, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mm. i. no. 9,
p. 29.

Adult female (Wamai, Arfak Mountains, Feb. 18, 1876, Bridjn).
General colour above olive-green, the wing-coverts coloured like the
back; greater coverts and quills dark brown, edged with brighter
olive-yellow than the back ; upper tail-coverts also a little brighter :
tail-feathers dusky brown, margined with olive-yellow; crown of
head dull a.shy brown, washed with olive, the head being a little
darker than the back ; from the nostrils a distinct white eyebrow,
extending to the end of the ear-coverts ; eyelid, sides of face, and
throat ashy whitish, with a dusky shade along the upper edge of the
ear-coverts; remainder of under surface of body bright yellow, some-
what washed with olive on the sides ; under wiug-coverts whitish,
washed with yellow ; quills dark brown below, edged with white
along the inner web. Total length 4 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2-25,
tail 1-55, tarsus 0-75. {Mus. Lugd.)

A younger specimen, marked a male, has the throat washed with
yellow and the sides of the face more dusky. Total length 3-6 inches,
culmen 0-45, wing 2-1.5, tail 1-6, tarsus 0-75. {Mm. Lugd.)

Ohs. The type specimen from the Arfak Aloiintains, May 3, 1875
{Bruijn), kindly lent by Count Salvadori, agrees exactly with the
description above given, and measures as foUows :— Total length
4 inches, cidmen 0-4, wing 2-2, tail 1-G, tarsus 0-75.

Bub. Arfak Mountains, N.W. iS'ew Guinea.

23. Pseudogerygone personata.

Gerj'gone personata, Gould, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 217 ; id. B. Austr. fol.
Suppl. pi. 14 ; Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 183.

230 MUSCICAPID^.

Acanthiza personata, Gray, Hand-l. £. i. p. 219, no. 3128.
Gervgone tiavida, Jtamsai/, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. TV. ii. pp. 53, 183

( $ )•
Pseudogerygone personata, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mm. i. no. 9,
p. 28.

Adult »»ffZe(type of species). General colour above olive greenish, the
upper tail- coverts browner ; ■wiug-coverts like the back, the greater
series and the quills with narrow and yellower edges; tail-feathers
light brown, with obscure olive margins, the outer featliers with
paler tips to the inner webs ; forehead, feathers in front of the eye,
and ear-coverts dull brown, a loral spot and broad moustache white ;
throat brown : remainder of under surface sulphur-yellow ; the
under wing-coverts paler white, washed with the yellow of the
breast. Total length 3-7 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 2-2, tail 1-7,
tarsus 0"7.

Adult female. Similar to the male on the upper surface of the
body, the quiUs edged with slightly brighter yellow ; tail-feathers
brown, edged with olive-greenish, and having an indistinct blackish
shade before the end of the tail ; a large white loral spot ; ear-coverts
brown, tinged with olive ; eye-ring ashy whitish ; cheeks and chin
white ; rest of under surface bright yellow from the upper throat
downwards ; thighs brown ; sides of upper breast ashy brown ; under
wing-coverts jjale yellow ; quills dusky brown, whitish along the
inner web. Total length 3-7 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 1-95, tail 1-5,
tarsus 0'65. (Mus. F. DuCane Godman.)

Hah. N.E. Australia.

a. (S ad. sk. Cape York. John Gould, Esq. (Type of species.)

24. Pseudogerygone palpebrosa. (Plate VI.)

Gerygone palpebrosa, Wall. P. Z. S. ISGo, p. 475 ; Salvad. Ann. Mus.

Civic. Genov. xii. p. 344.
Acantliiza palpebrosa, Gray, Hand-l. B. \. p. 220, no. 3143.
Gerygone melanothorax, Salvad. Ann. Mies. Civic. Genov. xii. p. 956.
Pseudogerygone palpebrosa, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 9,

p. 28.

Adidt male (Profi, Mount Arfak, July 9, 1875, Beccari ; type of
G. melanothorax). General colour above dark green, duller on the
head and neck ; wing-coverts dusky bro-^ni, narrowly edged with olive-
yellow ; tail-feathers dark brown, margined with olive, and almost im-
perceptibly blacker towards their ends, with the faintest indication
of a white spot near the tips of the inner web of the outermost ;
forehead, feathers over the eye, ear-coverts, sides of face, and entire
throat and fore neck black ; a distinct loral spot of white ; cheeks
with a broad spot of white ; remainder of under surface of body
bright sulphur-yellow, slightly washed with green on the sides of
the body, the black feathers on the lower fore neck tipped with
green like the adjoining sides of the breast ; thighs yellow ; under
wing-coverts and axillaries white, strongly washed with yellow ;
quiUs dusky brown below, whitish along the edge of the inner web.

19. CHASIEMPIS. 231

Total length 3-8 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2-15, tail 1-45, tarsus 0'6.
(ilft/s. Civic. Genov.)

Adult femcile. Rather more olive-yellow, and not of such a deep
green above as the male ; quills and tail-feathers dusky brown, with
olive-yellow margins, the latter with a slight shade of darker or
blackish brown towards their ends ; lores dusky white ; ej^e-ring j-el-
lowish ; ear-coverts ashy grey ; cheeks and throat dull whitish, the
lower part of the latter washed with yellow ; rest of under surface of
body blight yellow, as also the under wing-coverts and axillaries ;
quills dull brown below, whitish along the edge of the inner web.
Total length 38 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 1'9,5, tail 1"4, tarsus 0-6.

Ohs. The type of the species is a young male, resembling the
female, but already showing traces of the adult plumage in the shape
of black feathers on the throat and a ring of black plumes round
the eye.

Hah. Aru Islands and N.W. New Guinea.

a. (S ad. sk. Aru Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

(Type of species.)
b,c. (^2 f^d. sk. Aru Islands ( Voti Rosen- Leiden Museum [P.].
berg).

19. CHASIEMPIS.

Type.

Chasienipis, Calanis, Arch, fur Naturg. 1847, p. 207. . C. sand-^'icensis.

Foot of Chasiempis sandvicensis.

Range. Confined to the Sandwich Islands and Earotonga in the
Pacific.

Key to the Sjoedes.
Males.

a. Above rufous-brown ; upper tail-coverts white ;

forehead and eyebrow rufous sandvicetisis, p. 232.

b. Above dark ashy grey ; upper tail-coverts black ;

forehead and eyebrow dull white dimidiata, p. 232.

Females.

a. Rufous ; tail bro-v\m, with white tips to the inner

webs sandvicensis, p. 2"32.

b. Rufous ; tail palo rufous, with a broad band of

dark brown at the tip dimidiata, p. 232.

232 MtTscicAriD.i:.

1. Chasiempis sandvicensis.

Sandwich Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Si/n. ii. pt. 1, p. 344, no. 41.

Spotted-winged Flycatcher, Loth. t. c. p. 345, no. 43.

Muscicapa sandwichensis, Gm. .S'. N. i. p. 94o (ex Lath. no. 41) ;

Grm/, Gen. B. i. p. 263.
Muscicapa maciilata, Gm. t. c. i. p. 945 (e.r Lath. no. 43) ; Gray, Gen.

B. i. p. 2(33 ; Dole, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H. xii. p. 294.
Chasierupis sandwicensis, Cabanis, Arch. f. Naturg. 1847, p. 208 ;

Hartl. Arch. f. Natttrq. 1852, p. 133 ; Sclater, Ibis, 1871, p. 360 ;

id. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 346.
Eopsaltria (Chasiempis) sandwichensis, Gray, Cat. B. Trop. Isl.

Pacific Ocean, p. 21.
Eopsaltria (Chasiempis) maculata, Gi-ay, t. c. p. 22.
Cnipolegus, sp. 1238, Sclater, Cat. Am. B. p. 203, ct P. Z. S. 1873, p. 555.
Eopsaltria sandvicensis, Dole, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H. xii. p. 300 ; Gray,

Haml-l. B. i. p. 390, no. 6924.
Eopsaltria maculata. Gray, t. c. p. 390, no. 5925.

Adult (Hilo, Owhyhee : J. Murray, Voy. of H.M.S. ' Chal-
lenger'). General colour above dark rufous-brown, the forehead and
feathers over the eye chestnut, feathers below the eye blackish
washed with chestnut ; wing-coverts black, tipped with white spots ;
primary-coverts black, externally narrowly edged with white ; quills
blackish brown, externally edged with rufous, inclining to dull
whitish towards the tips, the inner secondaries tipped with white ;
upper tail-coverts white ; tail blackish brown, all but the four centre
feathers tipped with white, more broadly towards the outermost ;
cheeks and throat white, with black bases to the feathers, producing
a slightly mottled appearance ; rest of under surface of body chest-
nut, washed with brown on the fore neck ; the breast-feathers
mottled with white, some of them being white on the outer webs,
chestnut on the inner ; abdomen and under tail-coverts white ;
thighs white, with black bases ; under wing-coverts white, black at
the base; quills dark ashy below, white along the edge of the inner web.
Total length 5-1 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 2-7, tail 2*15, tarsus 0-85.

Hab. Sandwich Islands.

a. ? ad. sk. Sandwich Islands. P. L. Sclater, Esq. [P.].

2. Chasiempis dimidiata.

Monarches dimidiata, Hartl. ^- Finsch, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 28.
Monarcha dimidiata, Salvin, Cat. Strichl. Coll. p. 136.

Adult male. General colour above dark ashy grey, a little lighter
on the head, with a hoary shade on the crown ; feathers of the
upper surface with more or less distinct shaft-lines of white ; least
wing-coverts light ashy brown, the remainder dark brown with
ashy-grey edgings, the median series with obscure whitish spots at
the end ; primary-coverts ashy brown, edged with white at the tips ;
quills dark brown, with obscure greyish margins ; tail-feathers
black, with a spot of white near the base of the inner webs of the
two centre feathers ; forehead hoary white, as well as the lores and
an indistinct eyebrow ; ear-coverts ashy brown, shaded with hoary

20. MtJSCYLVA. 233

whitish ; checks and under surface of body dull white ; under wing-
coverts white, with dusky blackish bases ; ([uills ashy brown below,
edged with white along the inner wob. Total length 0-1 inches,
eulmen 0-6, wing 3*2, tail 2-45, tarsus 0-95. (Mus. Cantahr.)

Adult female. General colour above rusty cinnamon, somewhat
mottled on the back with a subterminal shade of paler fulvous ;
rump-feathers black, tipped with chestnut ; upper tail-coverts dark
cinnamon ; tail-feathers creamy white, with a band of dusky brown
at the ti}) of the feathers ; wing-coverts like the back, the median
series with dull brown bases broadly edged with the colour of the
Ixiek ; greater coverts and primary-coverts dark brown, edged with
cinnamon-bufF ; quills dark brown, margined with rufous, the pri-
maries broadly edged with whitish buff near the -base ; feathers in
front of the eye buffy whitish ; sides of face and sides of neck, throat,
and breast pale cinnamon-buff, lighter on the latter ; remainder of
under surface buffy white ; the flanks, thighs, aud under tail-coverts
cinnamon, as also the under wing-coverts, the latter with dusky
bases ; quills ashy brown below, fulvous along the edge of the inner
web. Total length 7 inches, eulmen 0'7o, wing 3, tail 2-5, tarsus
0-95. {Mhs. Cantahr.)

Hah. Ilarotonga Island, Pacific Ocean.

20. MUSCYLVA. rj^.^

Muscylva, Homhr. et Jacq. Voy. Pule Sud, pi. xi. fig. 2
(1842-53, descr. mdla, nee Muscijsylvia, Hodgs. 1844) , . M. lessoui.

Bill of Micscylva kssoni.
Ran^c. Confined to the Fiji groui) of islands,

1. Muscylva lessoni.

Muscylva de Lesson, Homhr. et Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud, Atlas, pi. 11.

Muscylva lessoni, Jacq. et Puclwr. Voy. Pole Sud, Tc.rte, iii. p. 75.
Rliipidura lessoni, Grai/, Gen. B. i. p. 258 ; id. B. Trap. Id. Pacific

Ocean, p. 17 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 3;12, no. 4992.
Muuarcha cinerea, Pea/e, U.S. Ejcpl. Kip., Birds, p. 101, pi. 27. fig. 2 ;

Hartl. in Wieym. Arch. 1852, p. 101.
Leucocerca le.ssoni, Bjt. Consp. i. p. 324, no. 6; Cass. U.S. Ejcpl.

Exp. p. 165 ; Ilartl. Ibis, 18G4, p. 232.
Mouarcha le.ssoni, Finsch i^- Ilartl. Faun. Centralpolyn. p. 88, Taf. 7.

fig. 5 ; Layard, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 434 ; id. Ibis, 187(5, pp. 144, 392.

AdaJt fcmaU. General colour above grey, the upper tail-coverts
black with broad white edgings : tail-feathers black, tipped with
white, gradually increasing in extent towards the outermost feather ;

VOL. IV. a

234

MUSCTOAPID.'E.

wing-covorts liko the back, the greater series externallj- odgecl with
hoary white ; quills brown, edged with grey, lighter on the primaries,
the inner secondaries narrowly tipped with white ; lores white, ex-
tending over the fore part of the eye ; eyelid T\'hite ; ear-coverts and
sides of face grey ; under surfnce of body whitish, the breast and
sides of body grey ; thighs blackish with white edgings ; under
wing-coverts white ; quills brown below, edged with white along
the inner web ; " bill lead-colour, the edges paler ; feet blackish ;
iris brown " {PcaJe, Graeffe). Total length 5 inches, culraen 0"55,
wing 2*8, tail 2'45, tarsus 0-75.

Adult male. Similar to the female. Total length 5 inches, cul-
men 0-55, wing 2-5, tail 2-4, tarsus 0-7.

Hctb. Fiji Islands.

n, b. S 2 ■'^fl- sk.

c. $ ad. sk.

d. 2 ad. sk.

N'Dreketti, Fiji (K L.

Lmjard).
]M'I5au Island, Fiji, Aug.

186-5.
I^eviika, Ovalau, July

1865.

Rev. S. J. Whitmee.
J. Brenchley, Esq. [P.J.
J. r>rencliloy,Esq. [P.].

21. MIRO.

Typo.

Mivo, Lesson, Traite d'Orn. p. 389 (1831) M. australi.s.

Myioscopus, Reichenh. Stjst. Av. Taf. Ixvii. tig. 12 (1850) M. au.stralis.

Leg of Miro albifrons.
Bange. Confined to New Zealand and the Chatham Islands.

Keif to the Species.

a. With a white frontal spot ; centre of abdomen

white.
a'. Larger ; wing 395 inches, tarsus 1-5 :

throat dark ashy brown or blackish, with

white shaft-lines ; whitish breast-patch

large alhifrons, p. 235.

b'. Smaller ; wiug 3-6 inches, tarsus 1-4 : breast-
patch small ; throat hoary grey, the feathers

edged with brown ; breast ashy, with

whitish shaft-lines . cmsfrn/is, p. 235.

b. Entirely black above and below, with no white

spot on the forehead and no white on the

abdomen traversi, p. 230.

21. MiKO. 235

1. Miro albifrons.

White-fronted Tliriish, Lath. Gen. Si/n. ii. pt. 1, p. 71.

Tui'dus albifrons, G/n. Si/d. Nat. i. p. 822 {ex Lath.).

Miro albifrous, Grai/ in Dicjfcnb. Trav. ii. App. p. 190; Bp. Consp. 1.

p. ?m ; Bidler, Ii. N. Zeal. p. 122 ; Sharpe, Voy. Ereb. ^ Terror,

Birds, App. p. 25, pi. 6. fig. 2.
Petroiea albifrons, Grai/, T'oi/. Ereh. ^~ Terror, Birds, p. 7, pi. G. fig. 2 ;

id. Gen. B. I. p. 8.3 ;' id. Ibis, 18(;2, p. 223 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 229,

no. 3308 ; Hutton, Cat. JV.Z. Birds, p. 12 ; Fimch, J. f. O. 1870,

p. 321.
Tardus ochrotarsus, Forster, Descr. Anim. p. 82 (ex icon. ined. 148 ;

Dusky Bay, March 28, 1773).
Muscieapa albifrons, Ell man, Zool. 18G1, p. 7465.
Myioscopus albifrons, Finsch, J.f. O. 1872, p. 160, et 1874, p. 187.

Adult. General colour above sooty grey, the head browiier, the
feathers with greyish bases, on which portion of the plume the shaft
is whitish ; wing-coverts like the back, the greater series and quills
browner, the primaries lighter hrown on their edges ; tail dusky
brown ; on the forehead a small spot of white ; lores dull greyish
with white shaft-lines ; sides of face, throat, fore neck, and sides of
body dull greyish brown, with white shaft-lines to the feathers ;
chest, centre of breast, and abdomen creamy white ; thighs brown ;
axillaries dull greyish, as also the under wing-coverts, which have
whitish edges ; quills brown below, edged on the inner web with
lighter brown, the secondaries white at base ; " bill brownish black ;
palate and soft parts of the mouth yellow ; tarsi, toes, and claws
dark brown, the soles yellow ; iris black " (BitUer). Total length
7'5 inches, cnlmen 0'75, wing 3"9o, tail 2-95, tarsus 1"0.

Female. Somewhat smaller than the male, and having the plumage
of the upper parts tinged with brown ; there is less yellow on the
breast, and the grey of the underparts is lighter.

Hah. South Island, IS'ew Zealand.

a. Ad. sk. Queen Charlotte Sound. Capt. Stokes [P.].

b. Ad. sk. New Zealand. Purchased.

c. Ad. sk. New Zealand. Antarctic Expedition [C].

2. Miro australis.

Tm-dus austi-alis, Sjmrrni. Mits. Carks. ii. pi. 09 ; Sunder. Crit. am

Sparrm. p. 11.
Muscieapa longipes, Gamut, Voy. Coquille, Zuol. i. p. 594, pi. 19.

fi?. 1.
Myiothera novse zcalandise. Less. Man. iTOrn. i. p. 24'^.
Miro longipes, Lesson, Traite, p. 389 ; Buller, B. N. Zeal. p. 119 ;

Sharpe, Voy. Ereb. ^- Terr. Birds, App. p. 25.
Petroiea austi'alis. Gray, Voy. Ereb. ^- Terr. Birds, p. 7; id. Gen. B.

i. p. 18.3; Pelz. Beis. Nuvara, Voy. p. 05.
Miro australis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 299.
Mvioscopus longipes, Biielienh. Syst. Av. pi. G7. fig. 2; Finsch, J. f.

O. 1872, p. 112, et 1874, p. 18(1!
Petroiea longipes. Gray, Ibis, 1802, p. 223 : id. Iland-l. B. i. p. 229,

no. 3309.

R 2

236 MFSCTCAPTD-E.

Adidt male. Above dull ashy grey, the feathers with distinct
whitish shafts, tlio feathers of (he head with darker margins ; least
wing-coverts like the hack, the median and- greater series browner,
as also the qnills, which have ashy margins and are barred across
the base of the inner web with white, represented on the outer web
of the secondaries by an ashy-white spot ; tail-feathers dusky brown,
margined witli ashy, lighter on the outer ones ; at the base of the
forehead a small spot of white ; lores and feathers below the eye
hoary whitish; sides of face, ear-coverts, and sides of neck dusky
grey, with conspicuous white shaft-lines ; throat, breast, and sides
of body hoary grey, darker on the breast, with white shaft-lines ;
abdomen, vent, and under tail-coverts white ; thighs dusky grey,
with white edgings to the feathers ; under wing-coverts white, with
an obscure dusky spot near the edge of the wing ; quills dark brown
below, white at base of secondaries, with an obscure bar of dull
white obliquely across the base of the primaries ; " bill blackish
brown ; tarsi and toes pale brown, the soles dull yellow : iris black "
(Bv.ller). Total length 5"9 inches, culmen 0-7, wing S'G, tail 2-6,
tarsus 1"4.

Adult femnle. Similar to the male, but rather paler and lighter
grey, and with more white on the breast. Total length 5"9 inches,
wing 3-45, tail 2-45, tarsus 1-35.

Hah. North Island, New Zealand.

a. $ ad. sk. New Zealand. Antarctic Expedition [C.].

h,c. c? $ ad. sk. New Zealand {F. Strange). Capt. Stokes [P.].

d. Ad. sk. New Zealand. Purchased.

c. Ad. St. New Zealand. New-Zealand Co. [P.].

3. Miro traversi.

Miro traversi, Bidkr, B. N. Zeal. p. 123 ; id. Ibis, 1874, p. 116.
Petro3ca traversi, Hutton, Ibis, 1872, p. 245 ; Truvers, Tr. N. Zeal.

Inst. V. p. 210.
Myiomoira traversi, Finsch, J. f. O. 1874, p. 189 ; Sharpe, Voy. Ereb.

<§• Terror, Birds, App. p. 27.'

Adult. Entirely black above and below, the wings rather browner.
Total length (M inches, culmen 0-55, wing 3-2.5, tail 2-65, tarsus
1-2.5.

Hah. Chatham Islands.

a. Ad. sk. Chatham Islands. W. Travers. Esq. [C.].

22. LANIOTURDUS. 237

22. LANIOTURDUS.

Lanioturdus Water/iouse, App. Alexander's E.vp. Int. Type

IJypMpus, bimdev. Av. Mdh. Tent. p. 24 (187l') L. tuiquatus

Bill of Laniotiirdus forqitatus.
Raiige. Confined to South-western Africa.

1. Lanioturdus torquatus.
Lanioturdus torquatus, Waterhouse, App. Alex. Exp. Int. Afr. p 264 •

A^^T' f^?- 4''*- "• P- ^^' ^''""'P'' ^''^- 4/>-- B. p. 43; id. Ibis,

1873, p. 170; Bocaye. Oni. Angola, p. 197.
Platysteu-a albicauda, Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1852, p 144
Moqumus tandouus, Bp. C. R. xlii. p. 820.

Moquinus albicaudus, Bp. Rev. el Mm,, de Zool. 1857, p. 52 pi 5
ilatystn-a torquata, Gray, Iland-l. B'.i. p. 330, no. 4949; Gurtmnn

Amlerss. B. Dam. Ld. p. 132. 'J

Hypsipus torquatus, Sundev. Av. Meth. Tent. p. 24.

Adult male. Head black, including tho lores and ear-coverts, the
latter produced backwards along the sides of the neck ; forehead
and suporcUiary stn^ak (not extending beyond the eye), cheeks
throat sides of neck, and a large nuchal patch white ; back dark
grey, the rum^) mottled with white ; upper tail-coverts black ; tail
pure white, the two central feathers longitudinally marked with
black ; upper wing-coverts black, the primary-coverts white at tip,
as also the inner greater coverts, which form a conspicuous patch
on the wing ; quiUs black tipped with white, the secondaries more
broadly, the primaries white at base of inner web, and the outer
ones also white at base externally ; across the breast a conspicuous
band ot black ; centre of the body white, the sides of the breast and
Haiiks grey; tibial plumes white varied witli black; a tuft of
axillary plumes under the wing white ; under wing-coverts black
tie lower ones tipped with white; edge of wing white; "bill
almost black ; feet very dark brown, with a whitish or lead-coloured
tmt about the joints; iris greenish yellow" (Anden^so,,). Total
length ,r.) inches, culmcn 0-7, wing 3-3, tail 1-6, tarsus 1-2.
Ilab. iSouth-western Africa.

«, b 6 ad. sk. Ba'u.iM T.and (C. J. Ander.^snn). R. ]J. Sharpo, Esq.

d. e ad. sk. Biballa ^Anchicta). 1{. B. Sharpe Esq

238 MuscicAi'iD-i;.

215. METABOLUS. ,„

Type.

Metabulus, Bp. (J. R. xxxviii. p. UoU (18o4) M. rugensis.

Head and foot of Mctaholiis rugensis.
Range. Confined to the Caroline group of islands.

1. Metabolus rugensis.

Drymophile de Rouk, Ilomhr. et Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud, Atlas, pi. 13.
Muscicapa rugensis, Humhr. tt Jacq. Ann. Set. Nat. (2) xvi. p. 312.
Monarcha rugeusis, IIa7il. Arch. f. Naturq. 1852, p. 133 ; id, P. Z. S.

1807, p. 829; Grai/, Hund-l. B. i. p. 321, no. 4809.
Collurieiucla rugensis, Jacq. et Pucher. Vo}/. Pole Sud, Zool. iii. p. 02.
Metabolus rugensis, Bp. C. P. xxxviii. p. 050.
Monarcha (Metabolus) rugensis. Gray, Cat. B. Trop. Id. Pacific

Ocean, p. 19.

Aihdt male. General colour above and below pure white, the
quills with brown shafts and shaded with brown towards their tips ;
shafts of tail-feathers brown towards the bases ; forehead, lores,
feathers in front of the eye reaching above and below the anterior
part of the latter, entire cheeks, and throat glossy steel-black ; " bill
black, with a white patch for half the length of the upper mandible ;
feet black ; iris black ; eye bordered with black in front and below "
(Humbron ct Jacquinoi). Total length 7*8 inches, culmen 0-95,
wing 4, tail 3-35, tarsus 1-05.

Adult female. Upper parts rufous, including the upper part of
the head, which is a little clearer ; throat black ; thorax and a
collar separating the hinder part of the head from the upper part of
the back black, both spotted with rufous ; abdomen mixed with
rufous, black, and white ; some of the flank-plumes white at the tips ;
the white colour, on the contrary, occupies nearly the whole of the
under tail-coverts, which are tipped with black ; wing by no means
uniform in its coloration ; primaries black externally, rufous on the
outer web; the secondaries almost entirely black, bordered all round
with rufous, the intermediate ones being pale blackish along each
side of the shaft, rufous everywhere else ; wing below similarly
coloured, the shade being paler only ; the under wijig-coverts are black
and rufous ; upper wing-coverts rufous on the outer webs, black
internally ; tail-feathers rufous both above and below. {Homhron
et Jacquinot.)

A male in immature or changing plumage, between the rufous

24. rtETEROMTIAS. 239

and the white dress, is also descriljed and figured by MM. Hombron
and Jaequinot.

Hal). Eidi or Truk Islands, Caroline group.
a, b. cJ ad. sk. [Caroline Islands.] Purchased.

24. HETEROMYIAS.

I'cecilodryas, liunisay, pt.

IlBad and foot of Hc'cromijias cinereifroiis.
liangc. North-eastern Australia.

I. Heteromyias cinereifrons.

Pcecilodryas ? cinereifrons, Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 588 ; id. Proc,
Linn. Soc. N. S. TV. ii. p. 182.

Aihilt (typo of species). General colour above rusty brown, the
head and nape dark asliy grey, shaded slightly with brown except
ou the forehead, which accordingly looks lighter grey ; over the eye
a broad streak of light French grey extending to the sides of the
nape ; feathers in front of the eye dusky greyish black ; round the
eye a ring of white feathers, blackish where it joins the loral spot
before and the ear-coverts behind ; fore part of cheeks and feathers
just below the eye white ; oar-coverts rusty brown, blackish just
under the eye ; a chin-spot and feathers at base of lower mandible
greyish black ; throat and centre of breast and abdomen white ;
chest and fore neck, as well as the sides of the breast, light grev,
the sides of the body and under tail-coverts tawny buff; thighs
grey ; under wing-coverts white, the axillaries tipped with ta^nny ;
greater series dark ashy, forming a patch on the under wing-coverts ;
quills ashy brown below, white at the base of both webs : upper
wing-coverts ashy grey, the median and greater series dark brown
slightly shaded with rusty brown ; bastard wing externally ashv
grey, internally dark jjrown ; primary-coverts iiniform (lark brown';
quills dark brown, ])aler towards the tips, edged externally with
rusty brown, the inner secondaries entirely of the latter colour and
resembling the back, all the quiUs but the latter white at base,
foi-ming a bar across the wing ; upper tail-coverts rufous, the tail-
feathers brown, washed on the edges with rusty brown, inclining to
rufous near their bases, the outer feathers narrowlj' tipped with
white on the inner web. Total length (y'S inches, culmen 0*7, wing
'3-8o, tail 2-7, tarsus 1-2. {3Ius. Auntr. Si/diuy.)

Ifah. Dalrymple's Gap, near Cardwell, Queensland, Feb. 1874.
{Ramsdi/.)

240 MCSCICAP1D.E.

25. MONACHELLA. ^^p^

MouacLella, Sulvad. Ann. Mies. Civic. Genov. vi. p. 8:^

n874) M. inuelleiiana.

Bill and foot of Monachella mueUcriana.
Ramje. Confined to New Guinea.

1. Monachella muelleriana,

Mascicapa muelleriana, Schl. N. T. D. iv. p. 40 {nee Miiicicapa muel-

leri, Blytli).
Mouachella saxicolina, Sali-ad. Ann. Mm. Cimc. Genov. vi. p. 83 ;

Beccari, op. cit. \'ii. p. 709 ; Salvad. op. cit. x. p. 133.
Monachella muelleriana, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic, vi. p. 308, note.

Adult male. General colour above light French grey, paler on the
lower back, the rump and upper tail-covcrts white ; wings and tail
dark brown ; crown of head and nape dark brown, as also the
feathers above the eye and the upper edge of the eyelid, the brown
narrowing on the forehead to the base of the bill ; lores and feathers
over the front of the eye pure white ; between the eye and the base
of the bill a triangular patch of blackish feathers ; sides of face and
ear-coverts, as well as entire under surface of body, creamy white ;
under wing-coverts dark brown; axillaiies white, slightly shaded
with brown ; "bill and feet black" (D'Albertis). Total length 5-5
inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3-8, tail 2-4, taetRis 0-65.

Adult femcde. Similar to the male. Total length 5-3 inches,
culmen 0-6, wing 3-55, tail 2-25, tarsus 0-65.

Hal. N.W. New Guinea.

a S ad. sk. Warfandu, Arfak Mountains, M. Laglaize [C.].

April 2, 1876.
b 2 ad. sk. Karons, New Guinea, April M. Laglaize [C.].

1877.

26. PffiCILODRYAS. t,

Type.

Pcecilodryas, Gotdd, Ilcmdb. B. Ausir. i. p. 287 (1865) P. cerviniventris.

Leucophantes, Sclafer, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 691 P. brachyiu:us.

Megalestes, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii.

p. 769 (1875) P. albonotatus.

Eanrje. Australia ; New Guinea and adjacent islands.

2(). PlECILODRYAS.

241

Wing aud foot of Pcecilodryas hypoleuca.

Key to tlie Sj^ecies.
a. Abdomen white or greyish white, not yellow.
«'. Throat white.

",','• Flanks and under tail-coverts tawny buff ccrcinivcntrui, p. 242.
o . Flanks and under tail-coverts white or
brownish white.
«'". Secondaries tipped with white; pri-
maries ed^ed with white ; outer tail-
feathers with a large spot of white at

*^® t^P superciliosa, p. 242.

6 . oecondanes and primaries uniform:
tail not tipped with white, but some-
times with a narrow edging to some
of the outer feathers.
«^ Tail white at base ; back grey ; chin

without a black spot cinerea, p. 243,

h*. Tail not white at base.
a\ Back grey, the head blackish; a
broad white eyebrow from the
base of the biU to above the ear-
coverts ; under surface white, with
the sides of the breast grey ; chin-
spot black hrachijura, p. 243.

6'. Back blackish as well as the head;
a streak from the base of the bill
only above the eye ; under surface
white, the sides of the breast

;' Ti .11 ¥^^^ hjpolettca, p. 244.

0 . Throat black.

c". Above velvety black, with a white band

across the rump bimaadata, p. 244.

rt . Abo\e bluish givy, with no bar on the

, ... ""i^P • albinotata, p. 245.

0. Abdomen yellow like the breast,
c'. Lores forming a large white spot.

e". Head dark grey,"forehead blackish ; ear-
coverts blackish grey; no light riu?
roimd the eye; cheeks white; chiii

-white. . j^t,c^j,g^ p 045.

/ . Head ashy gi-ey, washed slightly with
olive ; no black forehead ; ear-coverts
pale grey, as also the cheeks; thi-oat
greyish white.
c'". Lores and feathers round the eye white capito, p. 24.3.

242 MusciCAriDJE.

d"'. Lores and feathers round tlie eye ru-

fescent nanu, p. L'4G.

d' . Lores yellow, as also the cheeks, throat, and
entire under surface ; head olive-yellow,
like the back pnjminui, p. 247.

1. Pcecilodryas cerviniveutris.

Petroica? cerviniventris, Gunld, P.Z.S. ]8o7, p. 221 ; id. B. Austr.

Slip])!, pi. 15.
Precilodiyaa cerviniventris, Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 288;

Jiamsai/, Pr. Linn. Sue. N. S. W. ii. p. 18.3 ; Sliarpc, Nvtes Leyden

Mus. i. no. 7, p. 25.
Petroica cerviniveutris. Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 220, no. 330.3.

Adult (type of species). General colour above amoky brown,
darker and more chocolate-brown on the head ; wings blackish
brown, excepting the inner secondaries, which arc lighter brown,
more like the back ; greater wiug-coverts tipped with white ; all
the quills with a white bar near the base ; the primaries with a
narrow white mark about halfway from the end of the quills, the
secondaries rather broadly tipped with white ; tail brown, tipped
with white, increasing in extent towards the outermost; sides .of
face blackish brown, including the feathers in front of the eye, those
at base of lower mandible streaked with white ; a broad streak of
white skirting the sides of the crown from the nostrils to above the
ear-coverts ; throat white ; fore neck and breast grey ; abdomen
whitish : thighs dusky black ; sides of body and under tail-coverts
light fawn-colour : under wing-coverts white, with a large patch of
blackish brown near the edge of the wing ; quills brown below,
conspicuously barred with white near their bases; "iris brown"
{Elsey). Total length 6 inches, culmcn O'G, wing 3-3, tail 2-G5,
tarsus 0-85.

Hah. North-western Australia.

rt. Ad. sk. N.W. Australia. J. R. Elsey, Esq. [P.].

(Ty]ie of species.)
h. S ad. sk. N.W. Australia. J. R. Elsey, Esq. [P.].

c. c? ad. sk. Depot, V'ictoria River. J. R. Elsey, Esq. [P.].

2, Pcecilodryas superciliosa.

Petroica superciliosa, Gordd, P. Z. S. 184G, p. lOG ; id. B. Austr. fob
iii. pi. 9 ; Bp. Cmisp. i. p. 299 ; Reichenb. Viiy. Neuholl. pp. 95,
289; Finsch, Neu^Guinea, p. 167; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 229,
no. 3304.

Pcecilodryas superciliosa, Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 289 ; Ramsay,
Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 183 ; S'harpe, Notes Leyden Mus. i.
no. 7, p. 25.

Adult. General colour above brown, much darker on the head ;
the scap)ulars and lesser wing-coverts like the back, the median
series dark brown, ti])])ed with the same colour as the back : greater
and primary-coverts blackish brown, the innermost greater coverts
tipped with white ; quills blackish brown, paler towards the tips,

20. I'tEClLOUKYAS. 243

and margined with white towards their ends, the inner secondaries
tipped with white, all the quills with a distinct white base to both
webs, forming a conspicuous bar across the wing ; tail brown,
tipped with white, the tips becoming gradually broader towards the
outer feathers ; a broad white eyebrow drawn from the base of the
nostrils along each side of tlie crown ; in front of the eye a blackish
spot; ear-coverts dark brown, with indistinct whitish shaft-lines;
feathers below the fore part of the eye white ; cheeks and throat
white, extending backwards onto the sides of the nock ; remainder
of under surface of body white, with au ashy shade on the chest
and breast, the flanks somewhat washed with brown ; under wing-
coverts white, the greater series bro-wn, forming a patch near the
outer edge of the wing ; quills dark brown, white at the base and
along the inner web ; " bill and feet black ; iris reddish brown "
{Gould). Total length 5-2 inches, cidmen 0-55, wing 2-9, tail 2-45,
tarsus 0*75.

Hah. N.E. Australia.

a. Ad. St. N.E. Australia. Jidius Breucbley, Esq. [P.].

3. Pcecilodryas cinerea.
Pcecilodryas cinerea, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 7, p. 25.

Aihdt female (type of species). General colour above bluish grey,
a little duller on the head ; wings browner than the back, the least
vnng-coverts only grey like the latter, the secondaries with a small
brown spot at the tip ; upper tail-coverts black : the two centre taU-
feathers black, the rest white for the basal half, black for the
remainder ; a line across the base of the forehead, lores, and feathers
round the eye dusky blackish, the ear-coverts also washed with
dusky ; cheeks and under surface of body white, washed with grey
on the sides of the breast and flanks ; imder wing-coverts blackish,
with a white spot near the outer edge of the wing ; quills dusky
blackish below, with a considerable amount of white near the base
of some of the quills. Total length 5-() inches, culmen 0-65, wing
3-35, tail 2-4, tarsus 0-S. {Mus. Lucid.)

Bah. " Noisaroe," Arfak Mountains, January 16th, 1876.
{Bruijn.)

4. Pcecilodryas brachyura.

Leucophantes brachyuius, Srhiter, P. Z. S. 1873, p. G91, pi. 53 ;

S(dvad. Ann. Mm\ Ciric. Gciiov. vii. p. 910, x. p. 133.
Amaurodryas albotajniata, Meyer, Sits. k. Akad. Wien, Ixix. p. 498,

Ixx. p. 128.
Pojcilodryas brachj-ura, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 7, p. 25.

Adult male (Ansus, Jobi : Beccarl). General colour above dark
slate-colour, uith lighter brown shaft-lines to some of the dorsal
feathers ; crown of head, sides of face, and ear-coverts black, with a
broad white eyebrow from the base of the nostrils to the sides of
the nape : cheeks and entire under surface of l)ody i)ure white, the
thighs with dusky bases ; under wing-covcrts black, except the outer

244 irrsciCAPiD^.

greater coverts, which are white ; quills bhxckish below, narrowly
butty white along the inner web ; wings above black, the quills
browner, the edge of the wing white ; inner primaries and outer
secondaries white at base of both webs, showing a conspicuous bar
on the wing : upper tail-coverts slightly tipped with whitish ; tail-
feathers dark brown, with narrow white terminal edgings to the
outer feathers. Total length 5-4 inches, culmen 0-7, wing 3-25,
tail 2-1, tarsus 0-85. (Mus. Oenov.)

Hah. North-western New Guinea, and the island of Jobi, in the
Bay of Geelvink.

a. $ ad.sk. Andei, N.W. New Guinea, Leydcn Museum [P.].

March 18, 1876 {Bmijn).

5. Pcecilodryas hypoleuca.

Petroica hypoleuca, Gray, P. Z. S. 18.59, p. 155; Finsch, Neu-Oumea,

p. 107 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 228, no. 3293.
Pacilodi'yas hypoleuca, Sharpe, Notes Leydcn Mus. i. no. 7, p. 25.

Adult (type of species). General colour above blackish brown, the
head rather blacker ; wing-coverts like the back ; quills black,
browner towards their ends, with a distinct band of white at their
base, caused by the bases of the inner primaries and outer secon-
daries being white ; forehead, sides of crown, sides of face, hinder
cheeks, and ear-coverts black ; lores, eyelid, and fore part of cheeks
white ; under surface of body white, with a few black markings on
the centre of the breast, the sides of the latter black, encroaching on
the centre and forming a half-collar ; under wing-coverts and axil-
laries white, with a patch of black on the greater series near the
edge of the wing ; quills blackish below, conspicuously white near
the base of the inner webs. Total length 6 inches, culmen 0-55,
wing 3'2.5, tail 2-4o, tarsus 0-75.

Hob. New Guinea ; Mysol ; Waigiou.

a,h. S ad. sk. Dorey, New Guinea. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

(Types of species.)

c. Ad. sk. New Guinea. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

d. Ad. sk. N.W. New Guinea. M. Laglaizo [0.].

e. (5 ad.sk. Amberbald, New Guinea, M. Laglaize [C.].

May 1877.
f.-S ad. sk. Mysol. A. R. AVallace, Esq. [C.].

(J. $ ad. sk. Waigiou. A. IJ. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

6. Pcecilodryas bimaculata.

Myiolestes ? bimacidata, Salcad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vi. p. 84.
Pcecilodryas bimaculata, Sharpe, Notes Leydcn Mm. i. no. 7, p. 25.

Adult nude (Profi, Mount Arfak: Beccari). Above velvety black ;
upper tail-coverts white, formiug a band across; wings and tail
black ; sides of face, sides of neck, throat, and breast black, as weU
as the flanks and thighs ; abdomen, vent, and under tail-coverts
white ; on each side of the chest a broad line of pure white feathers
running from the sides of the lower throat to the sides of the upper

I

2C. pcECiLoDr.YAs. 245

breast ; under wing-coverta black ; quills asliy black below. Total
length 5-1 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3'3, tail 2, tarsus 0-85. (J/hs.
Civic. Genov.)
Uab. North-western New Guinea.

7. Pcecilodryas albinotata. (Plate YII.)

Mejjalestes albonotatus, Salmd. Ann. Mns. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 770.
Pcecilodryas albinotata, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 7, p. 25.

Adult male. General colour above slaty grey, lighter on the sides
of crown and forehead ; wing-coverts like the back : primary- coverts
and quills black, the latter edged with bluish grey ; tail blackish,
washed with slate-colour, the outer feathers edged with the latter
colour ; a narrow frontal line, lores, feathei's above the eye, sides of
face, throat, fore neck, and centre of breast black ; on each side of the
lower throat a large patch of creamy- white feathers : sides of breast
and flanks slaty grey, lighter on the latter ; thighs slaty grey ; centre
of body below, as well as the under tail-coverts, white ; under wing-
coverts slate-colour ; quills ashj' brown below, white along the edge
of the inner webs. Total length G-7 inches, culmen 0*8, wing -i'SS,
tail 3"1, tarsus 0*85.

Ilab. North-western New Guinea: Arfak Mountains.

a. (S ad. sk. Arfak Mountains, Feb. lo, 1876. M. Laglaize [C.].

8. Pcecilodryas leucops. (Plate YIII. fig. 2.)

Leucophantes leucops, Sidvad. An7i. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 201.
Pcecilodrj-as leucops, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 7, p. 25.

yl*?i(?< )»«?<; (Profi, Mount Arfak, Beccari ; type of species). Gene-
ral colour above yellowish green ; wing-coverts like the back, with
tips of clearer yellow to the greater scri(!s ; primary-coverts sepia-
brown, contrasting with the rest of the wing ; quills dark brown, ex-
tern all j' edged with yellowish green, rather browner on the seconda-
ries ; tail-feathers brown, with narrow linear tips of yellowish white,
and washed on the margins with olivaceous brown ; head dark slaty
grey,becoming clearer grey on the nape and sides of neck; the forehead
and sides of the crown blackish, as are also the feathers in front of,
below, and round the eye ; a large loral spot of white occupying the
entire space in front of the eye ; ear-coverts dark slaty grey ; cheeks
and chin white ; remainder of under surface of body bright yellow,
the sides somewhat shaded with oHve-grcenish, especially the sides
of the breast ; under wing-coverts and axillaries paler yellow ; quills
brown below, rustj' along the edge of the inner web. Total length
4'8 inches, culmen 0"55, wing 3-2, tail 2-15, tarsus 0-8. (Mus.
Genov.)

Uab. Arfak ^ronntains. North-western New Guinea.
a. Ad. sk. Arfak Mountains. Purchased.

0. Pcecilodryas capito.

Eop«altri;i mpito, Goidd. P. Z S. 1851, p. 285: id. B. Austr. folio,

246 MUSCICAPID.E.

Sitppl. pi. xvii. ; ul. Ilandb. B. Amtr. i. p. 297 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i.
p. 389, uo. o'.Uo ; Dujgles, Oni. Austr. pi. 41. fiir. 4 ; Rainsay, Proc.
Linn. Soc. N. S. W' u. p. 183 (pt.).
Poecilodiyas capito, Sliarpe, Notes Lei/den Mas. i. no. 7, p. 25.

Adult male. General colour above j'ellowish green, of an olive
cast, the head dusky ash-grey, slightly washed with olive ; sides of
face and ear-coverts ashy grey, including the cheeks ; lores and
feathers in front of the eye white, forming a conspicuous spot, which
extends below the fore part of the eye ; fore part of checks also
white, the remainder and the ear-coverts with white shaft- lines ;
chin and upper throat greyish white ; lower throat and remainder
of under surface bright yellow, the flanks olive-green, as also tho
sides of the breast ; under wing-coverts and axiUaries white, edged
with yellow ; least wing-coverts above green like the back, the
median and greater series, as well as the quiUs, dusky brown, edged
with the same green as the back, the quills white at the base of the
inner web ; tail-feathers dusky brown, externally edged with olive-
green, and margined with white at the tip and for a great part of
the inner web ; " biU black ; feet brownish flesh-colour : iris hazel "
{Gould). Total length 5"1 inches, culmen 0"5, wing 3, tail 2-1,
tarsus 0-8. (Mas. Lugd.)

Adult female. Similar to the male, but smaller in size. (Gould.)
Hah. Richmond and C'larenee-River districts. New South Wales.

10. Pcecilodryas nana.

Eopsaltria capito, Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. A\ S. TV. ii. p. 183 (pt.).
Eopsaltria nana, Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. TV. ii. p. 373.
Precilodryas nana, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mas. i. no. 7, p. 2-5.

Adult male. Head and neck dark brown ; ear-coverts and hind
neck of the same colour, but of a lighter and more ashy tint ; lores
and a ring nearly surrounding the ej'e white, the tips of the feathers
distinctly tinged with light rufous or rusty red ; bristles long, strong,
and black ; throat and upper part of the chest white ; back, rump,
and upper tail- and wing-coverts greenish olive : wings and tail
brown, margined on the outer webs with olive; breast, abdomen,
and remainder of the under surface and the imder tail-coverts yel-
low, deepest on the abdomen, and tinged with olive on the sides ; on
the underside of the wing is a white patch at the base of the pri-
maries, and below it a largo patch of brown joining the base of the
wing-quiEs ; the inner webs of the quills towards the base are con-
spicuously margined with white, which, being a little wider on the
secondaries, forms a triangular patch on the under surface of the
wing ; the under wing-coverts and axiUaries light yellow ; on the
upper surface of the wing the narrow olive margin on the outer webs
of the quills is somewhat broken about the middle, giving the appear-
ance of a shadowy dark mark across the wing ; the outer margin of
the tail-feathers inclines to olive-brown above ; the inner, below,
and the tips of the feathers are more or less narrowly margined with
white or very light fulvous ; bill black ; feet and legs yellowish
flesh-colour. Total length 4-45 inches, culmen 0-G, wing 2-88, tail
2*1, tarsus O'TS. (liamsay.)

27. HTLIOTA.

247

Ailult female. Like the male, but the white on the throat not ex-
tending onto the chest, and the bill a trifle smaller. {Id. 1. c.)

Ilah. Queensland.

Ohs. Mr. Eamsay speaks of having seen a good many specimens
of this supposed new species, llv. Godman's collection contains a
single example, which has the loral spot white, with the eye-ring only
tinged with rnfous, which also pervades the cheeks and chin. This
would seem to indicate that the rufous tinge is a sign of immaturity ;
and the species is certainly doubtful.

11. Poecilodryas papuana. (Plate VIII. fig. 1.)

Micrceca paptiana, Meyer, Sltz. Geselhch. Isis, 187.5, p. 75 ; id. Ahhandl.

Dresden, i. p. 9.
Leucophantes hypoxanthus, Scdvml. Ann. Mus. Civic. Gennv. vii. p. 920,
Pcecilodryas papuana, Sharpe, Notes Lcyden Mus. i. no. 7, p. 25.

Adidt male (Atam : typo of Leiico];dianies hypo.vantlnis). General
colour dull olive-yellow, the shafts of the plumes lighter yellow, the
head slightly duller than the back ; wing-coverts like the back ;
quills brown, externally edged with dull olive-yellow ; tail brown,
washed with olive-yellow on the margins of tho"^ feathers; lores and'
a ring round the eye bright yellow ; in front of the eye a dusky
spot ; sides of face yellow, the ear-coverts washed with greenish ;
under surface of body bright yellow, washed with olive on the sides'
of the breast and flanks ; under wing-coverts and axillaries yellow;
quills ashy brown below, with whitish edgings to the inner webs!
Total length 4-4 inches, culmeu 0-45, wing^ 2-85, tail 1-8, tarsus
0-65. {Mus. Genov.)

Hah. North-western New Guinea.

a. Ad. sk. Arfnlv Mountain?, New Guinea.
h. Ad. sk. Arfak Mountains {Bruijn).

Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.].
Leiden Museum [P.].

27. HYLIOTA.

Ilyliotn, Swains. C/assif. B. ii. p. 2G0 (1837)

Typo.
II. flaviprastra.

Wing of Hyliofa flavigastra.
Jtawje. Confined to Africa.

Key to the Species.

a. Thighs white ; rump whitish ....
h. Tliighs black ; rump like the back

flariiiastra, p. 218.
I'iolacea, p. 248.

248 MUSCTCAPIDJJ.

1 . Hyliota flavigastra.

Ilyliota flavigastra, Siraitis. C/assif. B. ii. p. 2G0 : id. B. W. Afr. ii.

p. 47 ; id. Monot/i: F/i/c. p. 228, pi. 28 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 319 ;

Haril Orn. W.-Afr. p.' 97, no. 299; Ilemjl. Oni. N.O.-Afr. p. 440;

Bouvier, Cat. Ois. Marche, Sfc. p. 19.
Hyliota orientalis, Heutjl. J. f. O. 186.3, p. 274.
Muscicapa flavigastra, Grm/, Iland-l. B. i. p. 323, 'no. 4851.

Adult male. General colour above glossy purplish black, the
feathers of the rump very long and lax, silky white or greyish with
purplish-black ends ; least wing-coverts pui-plish black like the
back ; remainder of the wing-coverts pure white, forming a large
shoulder-patch ; outer greater coverts white at base, blackish at
tip ; primary-coverts and quills black, with a narrow edging of
glossy pni-plish, the inner secondaries white at the base of the outer
web ; tail-feathers black, glossed on the outer web with steel-green ;
lores, feathers round the eye, and oar-covcrts glossy purplish black ;
cheeks and under surface of body ochraceous yellow, deeper on the
breast and paler on the vent and under tail-coverts ; thighs whitish ;
under wing-coverts and axillaries white, as also the ijiner lining of
the quilk underneath. Total length 4-6 inches, culmen 0-55, wing
2-8, tail 1-9, tarsus 0-7.

Female. Above dull grey ; quills and lateral tail-feathers narrowly
edged with white. {Ilartlauh.)

Hah. N.E. Africa ; Sencgambia.

a. (S ad. sk. Senegambia. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

2. Hyliota violacea.

Hyliota violacea, J. 4' E. Verr. Rev. et Mm/, de Zcol. 1851, p. 308;

StricU. Contr. Orn. 18.51, p. 132 ; Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 98; Cass.

Pr. Philad. Acad. 18.59, p. 51 ; Hartl. J. f. O. 18G1, j). 170 ; Bocage,

Jorn. Lish. 1870, p. 343; id. Orn. Angola, p. 190; S/iarjye, ed.

Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 336, no. 322.
Muscicapa violacea, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 323.

Adult male. All the upperparts blue-black, with a steel-blue and
violet reflection ; a large white band on the wing, formed by the
lesser and greater wing-coverts and the outer webs of the innermost
secondaries : below white, washed with buff, the breast more
strongly tinged with this colour ; under tail-coverts pure white ;
quills of the same colour as the back, blackish below, bordered with
white along their inner webs ; " upper mandible dark brown, the
lower one paler ; tarsi and toes blackish ; iris chocolate " (Anchieta).
Total length 5 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2*95, tail 2-05, tarsus 0-8.
(Bocage.)

Hah. West Africa from Gaboon to Benguola.

Ob.'^. On this doubtful species Prof. Barboza du Bocage's remarks
should be studied.

28. XAXTHol'lGIA. 049

28. XANTHOPYGIA. ^

ZaiitLopygia, Blifth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 123 (1847). . X. tncdor

( van„ptila, BU,th,J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 124 (1847) . . X. cyanomel^eua.

( baiuUiyks, Bp. C. R. xxxviii. p. Gol (1854) .... X. narcissina.
Ivhjacornis, Blanford, J. A. S. B. xli. pt. 2, p. 51

(1873) ... X. fuligiuosa.

iNymphseus, Hume, Nest ^ Eggs Lid. B. p. 322

(l*^''^) X. fuHgiuosa.

Range. China and Japan, extending in winter to the Philippines,
-Borneo, and the Malayan peninsula.

Key to the Species.
Males.

a. Tail black; upper tail-covcrts black; rump

^ yellow; throat and breast j-ellow.
« . A\ ith a yellow eyebrow ; secondaries en-

^^'^^y ^lacl^ ." imrdssina, p. 249.

0 . With a white eyebrow : one inner secon-
dary white along the outer web, forming
■ T, ., ^ ^""^ '^^"^^ ^^'^ "^Ji? tricolor, p. 250.

b. Tad black, the feathers blue externally and

white at base ; rump and upper tail-coverts
blue like the rest of the upper surface ;
breast and abdomen white ; throat and chest
black cyanonielmna. p. 251.

c. J ad chestnut ; upper tail-coverts also chestnut ;

upper and under surface leaden blue ; under

tail-coverts chestnut fuligiuosa, p. 253.

Fetnales.
a. No white at base of tail-feathers.

a'. General colour above ohve-brown, greener
on the rump ; secondaries without any
white bar down the wings ; wing-coverts

not tipped with white narcissina, p. 249.

b'. General colour oHve-brown, with a broad
yellow band across the rump ; greater
coverts white at the tips ; one of the
inner secondaries externally white, fonn-
ing a longitudinal bar down the wing . . tricolor, p. 250.
b. Tail-feathers white for the basal half or for
the greater part of the outermost feathers.
c'. Upper tail-coverts blue ; under surface
uniform ashy or rusty brown, the abdo-
men white ; on the " throat a patch of

white or yellow cijanomeIa>na, p. 251.

a'. Upper tail-coverts white : under surface

ashy grey, mottled with whitish cross bars, fuliginosa, p. 253.

1 . Xanthopygia narcissina.
Muscicapa narcissina, Temm. PI. Col. iii. pi. 577. fig. 1 ; Grat/, Gen.
B. i. p. 203 ; Temm. ^- Schl. Faun. Japan., Aves, p. 46, pi. 17 C •
Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 323, no. 4848. ^ >V-^' ^,

VOL. IV. a

250 MUSCICAPIDJE.

Zautbopygia clirysophrys, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 124.
Zanthopygia naicissina, Bh/th, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 155; Bp.

Consp. i. p. 327 ; Horsf. ^ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 283 ;

Sivinh. Ibis, ISCO. p. 58 ; id. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 380 ; David ^- Oustal.

Ots. Chine, p. 119; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. new series, vol. i.

327 ; Blakiston 8) Pryer, Ibis, 1878, p. 234.

Adult male. General colour above black, as also the scapulars,
the latter with a slight wash of yellow ; from the base of the upper
mandible over the eyes a broad streak of brilliant yellow ; lores,
sides of face, and sides of neck black ; wings black, the primaries
indistinctly shaded with obscure ashy brown, the inner median and
greater coverts white on the inner web, the innermost entirely pure
white, forming a large shoulder-patch ; entire lower back and rump
bright yellow inclining to orange ; upper tail-coverts and tail glossy
black ; under surface of body bright orange, paling into yellow on
the breast, and shading off into white on the lower abdomen and
under tail-coverts, the latter being pure white ; sides of the breast
black, the flanks greyish black washed with yellowish ; thighs
black ; under wing-coverts and axillaries white, the outermost slaty
black, edged with white, the quills dusky brown below, white at
the base of the inner web. Total length 5'3 inches, culmen 0'5,
wing 3-lo, tail 2-1, tarsus 0-65.

Adult female. General colour above olive-brown, inclining to
greenish olive on the rump : upper tail-coverts and tail rufous, the
latter brown at the tip and on the inner webs of the feathers ;
wing-coverts brown, the greater and median series edged and tipped
with pale rufous or dull white ; primary-coverts uniform brown ;
quills brown, narrowly edged with pale rufous, rather more broadly
on the secondaries ; lores and feathers over the eye, as well as a
ring of feathers round the latter, yellowish white ; feathers in front
of the eye dusky ; ear-coverts brown ; under surface of body
whitish, washed with yellow, somewhat brighter on the throat,
many of the feathers mottled with edgings of dusky brown ; under
wing-coverts brownish white, those along the edge of the wing
brown. Total length 4-6 inches, wing 2-95, tail 1-95, tarsus 0-65.

Hah. China and Japan, ranging into the Philippines in winter.

a. Ad. st. China. J. E. Reeves, Esq. [P.].

b. 5 ad. sk. Amoy, May 1861. J. R. Reeves, Esq. [P.].

c. Ad. sk. Japan. Leiden Museum.

2. Xanthopygia tricolor.

Muscicapa xanthopygia, A. Hay, Madr. Journ. xiii. pt. 2, p. 162.
Muscicapa (Muscicapula) tricolor, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1845, p. 406.
Zanthopygia leucoplirys, Blyth, J. A. 8. B. xvi. p. 154; id. Cat. B.

Mus. A. S. B. p. 155 ; Bj). Consp. i. p. 326 ; Smnh. Ibis, 1861,

p. 410; id. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 317.
Zanthopygia tricolor, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. App. p. xxi ;

Horsf. ^Sr Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 284 ; Sirinh. P. Z. S.

1871", p. 380 ; David Sj- Oustalet, Ois. de la Chine, p. 118, pi. 80.
Musicapa hylocharis, Temm, 8f Schl. Faun. Japon., Aves, p. 44,

pi. 17(5).

28. XANTHOPYGIA. 251

Butalis li}'locharis, Bp. Cousp. i. p. 318.

Muscicapa tricolor, (rmi/, Hand-l. ^. i. p. 323, no. 4847.

Xanthopj'gia hylocliaris, David ^- Omtalet, Ois. Chine, p. 119.

Adult male. General colour above black, the lower back and
rump bright 3-ellow ; upper tail-coverts and tail black ; wings also
black, excepting a white band down the inner portion, composed of
the inner greater coverts, some of which are white on the outer
web and some entirely white, one of the inner secondaries also
having its outer web white ; a narrow loral line, feathers round the
eye, and sides of the face black ; over the ej^e a broad superciliary
streak of white, running not quite to the base of the nostrils, from
which it is separated by the foregoing narrow black loral line ;
cheeks and under surface of body bright yellow, a little paler
towards the vent ; under tail-coverts white ; thighs white, with
dull black bases ; under wing-coverts and axillaries pure white ;
quills blackish below, white along the inner webs ; " bill black ;
feet bluish ; iris black " (David). Total length 4-9 inches, culmen
0-5, wing 2-9, tail 2-15, tarsus 0-65.

Adult female. Different from the male. Above olive-brown, in-
clining to greenish on the lower back ; rump lemon-yellow ; upper
tail-coverts and taU. black ; wings as in the male, but browner ;
sides of face olive-brown, the ear-coverts washed with yellow ;
lores and feathers round the eye dull white ; imder surface of body
very pale yellow, the throat and chest with remains of obscui-e
ashy margins to the feathers ; under wing- and tail-coverts white.
Total length 5 inches, wing 2-65, tail 1-85, tarsus 0-6. {Mus. H.
SeeboJim.)

Hah. Japan, ranging through China southwards to the Malayan
peninsula.

a. Ad. St. Japan. Leyden Museum.

b. S ad. sk. Kessang, Malacca. M.' A. Bouvier.

c. 5 juv. sk. Malacca. Purchased.

3. Xanthopygia cyanomelaena.

Muscicapa cyanomelana, Temm. PI. Col. iii. pi. 470; Tenim. ^- Schl.

Faun. Jap. p. 47.
Muscicapa bella, A. Hay, Madr. Journ. xiii. pt. 2, p. 158.
Cyanoptila cyanomelaniira, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 125 ; id. Cat. B.

Mm. A. S. B. p. 174 ; id. His, 1870, p. 164.
Niltara cyanomelaena, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 264; Swinh. Ibis, 1860,

p. 380, et 1861, p. 41 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 326, no. 4892.
Muscicapa melanoleuca, Temm. 8^ ScM. Faun. Japan., Aves, pi. 17 D.
Muscicapa gularis, Temm. ^- Schl. t, c. pi. 16 ( $ ).
Butalis gularis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 318.
Hypothvmis cyanomeltena, Bj). Consp. i. p. 320 ; Cass, in Perry's

Exp. 'Japan, p. 239 ; Swinh. Ibis, 1862, p. 306.
Cvanoptila cvonomf'l.i(?na, Horsf. ^- Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i.
■p. 291 ; Sicinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 386 ; David ■^^ Oustalet, Ois. Chine,

p. 116, pi. 81 ; Blakiston i^- Pi-yer, Ibis, 1878, p. 234.

82

252 MrscicAi'iDi'.

AJult iiiide, Geueral culour above blue, the greater coverts uni-
form with the back, the lesser and mcdiau coverts brighter and more
cobalt-blue, forming a shoulder-patch ; head still brighter and more
lazidine blue, richest on the forehead ; a narrow fi'oiital line, lores,
eyelid, sides of face, and entire throat and chest black ; rest of under
surface of body pure white, the flanks ashy ; thighs black ; under
wing-coverts dusky brown, broadly edged with blue, the edge of
the wing bright blue ; primary-coverts and quills dusky brown,
externally greenish blue ; middle tail-feathers dark blue, the re-
mainder blue on the outer web, black on the inner, with conspicuous
white bases to the feathers ; " bill black ; legs brown ; iris black "
{David). Total length 5-5 inches, ciilmen 0-55, wing 3*4, tail 2'4,
tarsus 0"6.

Ohs. A male bird from Japan, in the Leiden Museum, marked
Cyanoptila cijanotliorax, is a little difli'erent from the full-pliimaged
male, being of a greener cobalt above, and has the throat washed
with greenish blue. The blue colour on the head is different, being
brighter cobalt. Specimens from Borneo do not differ from the
Japanese bird described in any important particulars ; one has a
gloss of blue on the throat and chest, another is more greenish blue
above, while a Tingchow male has the back greenish blue, with
distinct black shaft-streaks.

Adult female. Different from the male. Ashy brown above,
washed with pale verditer-blue on the scapiilars, lower back, and
upper tail-coverts ; least wing-coverts bright blue as in adult male,
the rest and the quills externally verditer-blue, the oiitermost of the
greater series dull brown, edged with ashy brown and narrowly tipped
with whitish ; tail as in male, but rather more greenish blue ; lores
and anterior part of cheeks rufescent buff; ear-coverts ashy brown,
with whitish shaft-lines ; throat, abdomen, and under tail-coverts
white ; fore neck, chest, and sides of body ashy brown ; under wing-
coverts and axillaries ashy brown, the edge of the wing blue : "hill
blackish bro'mi ; legs greyish brown ; iris dark brown " (Swuihoe).
"Wing 3'5 inches, tail 2*4, tarsus 0'6.

Founfj male. Similar to old female, but having the back greenish
blue, only the head and neck ashy brown, even the crown being
slightly shaded with blue ; upper tail-coverts with white edgings ;
wings and tail as in adult, the outer greater coverts tipped with
buff ; below as in the female, but having the throat ochraceous, the
breast washed with ochre, as also the sides of the bod}'.

Ilab. From Japan, throiighout China, extending to Borneo in
winter.

Mr. II. Wlntely.
R. Swiiihoe, Esq. [C.
Hugh Low, Esq. C.
Governor Ussher 0.
Governor Ussher rC.

n.

S ad. sk.

Nagasaki, Japan.

h.

cJ ad. sk.

Tingchow, Formosa.

c.

cj ad. ; d, e.

Juv.

N.W. Borneo.

/.

5 ad. sk.

Lunibidan.

ff-

i5 ad. ; /(, i

.Tuv. sk.

Labuan.

28. XANTCOITGIA. 253

4. Xanthopygia fuliginosa.

riufuicura fiJigiuosa, Viyors, P. Z. S. 1831, p. 3-5 ; Biyth, J. A. S. B.

xi. p. 190.
Phoeiiiciira plumbea, Gould, P. Z. S. 1835, p. 185,
Riilicilla simplex, Lesson, Rev. Zuol. 1840, p. 265.
PhceiiicLira rubieauda, Ilodgsonin Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 82.
Pliceuiciira lineoventris, id. Icon, iiied., Passeres, pi. 74 a (no. 418).
Ituticilla fuliginosa, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 180 ; id. Cat. Mamm. ^-c.

Kepal Cull. Ilodya. p. 68 ; Blyth, J. A. S. B. x\\. p. 134 ; id. Cat.

B. Mils. A. 6'. B. p. 296 ; 31oore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 29 ; Jlorsf. ^

Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 308 ; Jerdon, B. Ind. ii. p. l42 ;

Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 221, no. 3166 ; Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 358 ;

Hume ^' Henders. Lahore to Yarkand, p. 212, pi. 15 ; Prjevalski

in Rowley's Orn. Misc. ii. p. 177.
RiiticOla plumbea, Blyth. J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 134.
Khyacoruis fuliginosa, Blanford, J. A. S. B. xli. pt. 1, p. -^il ; Blyth

^- Wulden, B. Burm. p. lOl ; Brooks, Str. F. 1875, p. 240; Inyiis,

iitr. F. 1877, p. 37 ; JDavid ^- Oustalet, Ois. Chine, p. 171.
Nympliaius fuUgiuosus, Hume, Nests ^'- Fygs Ind. B. p. 322.

Adult male. General colour above leaden blue, the rump-feathers
white, tippel with chestnut like the adjoining upper tail-coverts ;
tail chestnut with a slight shade of dull brown at the tip ; wing-
coverts like the back ; quills dusky blackish, edged with light slaty
grey ; a narrow line at the base of the forehead and the feathers in
front of the eye blackish ; sides of face, sides of neck, and under
surface of body leaden blue, including the thighs ; under tail-coverts
rich chestnut ; under wing-coverts like the breast ; quills dusky
brown below, Avith a lighter edging to the inner webs ; " bill black ;
legs vinaceous brown ; iris dark brown " (Jerdon). Total lengtli
4-5 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 3-05, tail 2-1, tarsus 0-9.

Adidt female. Different from the male. General colour above
dull ashy, the wing-coverts like the back, and tipped with a small
spot of ashy white : primary-coverts dark brown ; quills dark brown
with lighter brown edges ; upper tail-coverts white ; two centre
tail-feathers rufous-brown, the rest white, brown at the tips, the
white increasing obliquely towards the outer tail-feather, which is
entirely white, excepting a narrow edging along the outer web
and a small brown tip to the inner one ; lores buffy white mottled
with dusky bases to the feathers ; eye-ring dull rufous ; ear-coverts
dull ashy brown with broad white shaft-streaks ; under surface of
body greyish ash-colour mottled with central streaks of white, the
centre of the breast and abdomen white, varied with ashy brown
margins and mesial spots of the same colour; under tail-coverts
white ; thighs ashy brown ; under wing-coverts and axillarics ashy
brown, the former slightly mottled with subtermiual spots of white ;
quills dark brown below, lighter brown along the edge of the inner
web. Total length 4'5 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2-6, tail 1-9
tarsus ^^'So.

Hah. Himalaya Mountains, ranging easiwards throughout the
mountains of China, to Pckm and Mongolia.

254 MUSCICATID-E,

«. c^ad. St. India. , J. Gould, Esq.

b Juv. ; c. c? inirn. sk. Cashmere. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [F.J.

d e. S ad. sk. Cashmere. E. M. Langworthy, Esq.

/■ rf ad ■'k Ladakh. Purchased.

■'/' h. 6 ad.'sk. Kangra, N.W. Capt. Stackhouse Pin-

■ ' Provinces. will [P.].

i rT ad ■ A- ; 2 ad sk. N.W. Himalayas. Capt. Stackhouse Pin-

■ ° ■ ' ' * ■ will [P.].

m. c? ad.; n,o. 2 ad. st. Nepal. B.H.Hodgson,Esq.[P.].

p, q. c? ad. ; r, s. $ ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson,Esq. [P- J-

29. TARSIGER. rpype.

Nemura, J/of/^s. P. Z. -S. 1845, p. 27 (mcc iai!/-. 1796) . . T. rutilatus.

Tarsiger, Hodqs. P. Z. S. 1845, p. 28 T. chrysceus.

lanthia, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 132 (1847) T. rufilatus.

Po"-onocichla, Cah. Arch. f. Nahm/. 1847, p. 314 .... T. stellatus.

Nitidula, Jerd. ^- Blyth, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 201 T. hodgsom.

Bill and leg of Tarsiger stellahts.

Range. The whole of Northern Asia from the Ural Mountains to
Japan, extending throughout China and the Himalayas, recurring
again in South Africa.

Key to the Species.

a. Tail uniform blue or grey, or black with blue

margins.

a'. Throat white, either yellowish or greyish

white like the rest of the under surface, the

sides of the body bright orange in strong

contrast ; tail blue.

«". Lores and eyebrow white, surmoimted by

a narrow line of cobalt-blue, separating

it from the crown ; under surface creamy

white cyanurus, p. 255.

h". Lores and eyebrow brilliant cobalt ; be-
low greyish white rxjilatus, p. 256.

b'. Throat rufous or orange-yellow below, like
the breast and abdomen, not whitish.
c". With no white eyebrow ; a blue streak on
the sides of the crown.
a". Size much larger; length 4'8 inches:

under surface chestnut hyperythrus, p. 257.

h'". Size smaller; length 3-6 inches : under

surface orange-yellow hodgsoni, p. 258.

d". With a very long and broad white eye-
brow ; colour above slaty grey ; below
rufous or orange indicus, p. 259.

29. TARSIGER. 255

b. Tail particoloured, yellow, with a broad termi-
nal band of black on all but the two centre
feathers, which are entirely black.
c'. Bill blackish above, lower mandible yellow;
head olive-brown like tlie mantle ; ear-
coverts and feathers round the eye black ;
throat yellow like rest of under surface . . chrysceus, p. 260.
d. Bill entirely black ; head dark blue-grey all
round, with a white spot above the fore
part of the eye and at base of throat .... stellaius, p. 261.

1. Tarsiger cyanurus.

Motacilla cyanui-us, Pall. Heisai Mussisch. Reichs, ii. Ajrp. p. 709.
Motacilla cyanura, Pall. Zooc/r. Rosso-Asiat. i. p. 490, tab. 30.
QEnanthe cyanura, Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xxi. p. 436.
Lusciola cyanura, Temm. c^- *S'c7i!/. Faim. Japon., Aves, p. 54, pi. 21.
Nemura cyanura, Bjj. Cotisp. i. p. 300 ; Grat/, Hand-l. B. i. p. 222,

no. 3185; Pr/ev. m Roxcleifs Orn. Misc. ii. p. 179; Dresser, B.

Eur. parts Ixvii., Ixviii. (5 ad. descr. et fig., S juv. descr.).
Sylvia (Nemura) cyanura, Middend. Reis. Sibir. ii. p. 177, Taf. 15.

fig. 5 (young) ; Radde, Sibir. Reis. ii. p. 258.
lanthia rufilata, Swinh. Ibis, 1861, p. 329 {nee Hodgs.).
Lusciola (Nemura) cyanea, Schrenck, Reis. Amurl. ii. p. 361.
lanthia cyanura, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 359 ; David ^- Oustal. Ois.

Chine, p. 231, pi. 28 ; Blakist. ^- Pri/er, Ibis, 1878, p. 239.

Adult male in full plumage (Tientsin, R. Swinhoe). General colour
above greyish blue, inclining to richer cobalt-blue on the rump and
upper tail-coverts ; a distinct shoulder-patch of cobalt-blue formed
by the lesser wiug-coverts ; median and greater coverts dusky brown,
edged with blue, the inner secondaries also margined with dull blue,
the outer secondaries and the primaries with rusty brown ; tail blue,
the inner webs of the feathers dusky greyish brown ; a broad white
eyebrow running from the base of the forehead, and separated from
the crown by a narrow fringe of cobalt-blue ; feathers in front of the
eye blackish ; ear-coverts and sides of face greyish blue, a little more
pronounced on the cheeks and sides of throat ; entire under surface
of body creamy white, the thighs lavender-grey, the sides of the body
bright orange ; under wing-coverts and axillaries yellowish white
with dusky bases ; quiUs light brown below, fulvescent along the edge
of the inner web ; " bill black ; feet reddish brown ; iris brown "
(David). Total length 5'8 inches, culmen 0"4.5, wing 3'15, tail 2-5,
tarsus 0"9. (3Ius. H. Seebohm.)

Aduh female (Tingdiow, Dec. 1867: R. Stvinhoe). General colour
above clear olive-brown, the rumj) inclining to bluish grey, the upper
tail-coverts dull blue, with faint edgings of olive-brown ; tail dull
blue, ashy brown on the inner webs of the feathers ; least wing-
coverts like the back ; median and greater coverts, as well as the
primarj'-coverts, dusky brown, edged with yellowish brown ; quills
dusky brown, with edgings of rufesccnt brown ; lores yellowish
buff; round tho eye a ring of buffy white feathers ; sides of face,
cheeks, and ear-coverts olive-brown, with mesial shaft-lines of deep
fulvous ; throat yellowish buff, separated from the whitish abdomen

256 MrscicAPiDJi:,

by an olivc-browu pectoral band, the centre feathers being yellowish
bnff, with olive-brown margins ; sides of body orange, shading oif
into yellowish buff on the lower flanks and sides of vent ; under
tail-coverts fulvous-white ; thighs lavender-brown ; under wing-
coverts and axillaries yellowish buff, with dusky bases ; quills
brown below, fulvous along the edge of the inner web. Total length
4-7 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2-95, tail 2-2, tarsus 0-9. (Mus. H.
Seehohm.)

Obs. As in the case of the allied Indian species, T. rvJUatus, it is
evident that the male of T. ct/anunis takes some time to gain the
adult dross ; and that it breeds in the female plumage is shown by
Mr. Seebohm's specimens obtained on the Yen-e-saj' River at the end
of ilaj' ; both are dissected males. Pallas was partly aware of the
fact, for he says that the males and females are alike in plumage ;
but states that he also, on two occasions, procured brighter blue
birds, which he found very rare, and considered to be a variety.
Mr. Seebohm's males, kiUed in May and June 1S77, are in a dress
resembling that of the female, but rather more ashy brown above
and purer white below, the sides of the breast greyish brown ; the
flanks are brighter orange, and the white loral streaks are very dis-
tinctly indicated ; the quills are edged with olive-brown instead of
rufous-olive.

Jlab. From the Ural Mountains across Siberia to China and
Japan.

a. (S ad. st. Japan. Purchased.

b, c. cJ $ ad. sk. East Siberia. Dr. Brandt.

d. cJ imni. sk. Kultuk,S.E.of LakeBaikal, Warsaw Museum [E.].

Jan. 18, 1870 {Dr. Dy-
hutrski).

e. c? juv. sk. IVisamskia Jurti, Ob River, Dr. Otto Finsch [C.].

Sept. 18, 187G.

2. Tarsiger rufllatus.

Nemura nifilata, Hoclqs. Icon. ined. Passeres, pi. 88 (Hodgs. no. 484) ;

id. in Grai/s Zool Misc. p. 83 ; id. P. Z. S. 1845, p. 27 ; Grai/, Cat.

Mamm. ^-c. Nepal Coll. Hodgs. p. 69 ; id. Gen. P. i. p. ISO ; Pp.

Consp. i. p. 300 ; Horsf. ^ lloore, Cat. P. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 299 ;

Grm/, Iland-l. P. i. p. 222, no. 3186 ; Hume, Nests and Eggs Ind.
^ P. p. 324.
Nemura cvamn-a, Hodgs. Icon, ined., Passeres, pi. 76. fig. 3 (Hodgs.

no. 407) ; id. P. Z. S. 1845, p. 27 ( $ , nee Pall.).
lanthia rufilata, Plgth, J. A. S. P. xvi, p. 132 ; id. Cat. B. Mm. A. S.

P. p. 170; Jard. Contr. Orn. 1850, p. 28, pi. 44; Ph/th, Ihis, 1867,

p. 16 ; Proolcs, Str. F. 1875, p. 240, 1876, p. 229, 1877, p. 470.
lanthia cvanura, Jerd. P. Ind. ii. p. 146 {nee Pall.) ; Godwin-Attst.

J. A. iSC P. 1870, p. 106.
"Nemui'a cyanura (Pall.)," Dresser, P. Eur. pts. Ixvii., Ixviii. (cJ ad.

descr. et tig.) (nee Pall.).

Adult male. General colour above dark ultramarine, brighter and
inclining to deep cobalt-blue on the rump and upper tail-coverts ;
forehead also bright cobalt, extending backwards above the eye, and

29. TAESIGER. 257

forming a distinct eyebrow ; least wing-ebverts bright cobalt, fonning
a conspicuous shoulder-patch ; remainder of wing-coverts and quills
blackish, edged with dark ultramarine, inclining to greyish blue on
the margins of the primaries ; tail-feathers dark blue, blackish on
their inner webs ; lores and feathers round the eye dusky blue-black ;
entire sides of the face dark blue, as well as the feathers bordering
the throat for the whole extent of the latter ; throat and centre of the
body below greyish white, inclining to pure white on the abdomen
and under tail-coverts, the sides of the body bright orange, con-
trasting strongly with the breast ; thighs dull blue ; under wing-
coverts and axillaries white, slightly washed with fulvous, the edge
of the wing blue ; quills dusky browu below, lighter ashy along the
edge of the inner webs ; " bill dusky ; legs brown ; iris dark brown "
{Jerdon). Total length 5-8 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 3-2, tail 2-5,
tarsus 0-95.

Adult female. General colour above olive-brown, becoming gra-
dually more ashy blue on the rump, and bright cobalt on the upper
tail-coverts : least and median wing-coverts like the back, the
greater coverts and quills dark brown, margined with reddish olive,
more distinctly of the latter colour on the primaries ; tail blue,
blackish on the inner web ; lores buff; over the eye a faint indica-
tion of a greyish eyebrow ; round the eye a ring of buff-coloured
featliers ; sides of face and cheeks olive-brown ; throat bufiy white ;
fore neck and breast light olive-brown, extending onto the Hanks ;
centre of abdomen and under tail-coverts white ; thighs dusky
brown ; sides of body bright orange, as in the male ; axillaries yel-
lowish buff : under wing-coverts whitish, with dusky bases ; quills
brown below, fulvescent along the inner web. Total length 5-2
inches, culmen 0'45, wing 3-15, tail 2-5, tarsus 0-95.

Male birds are some time before they gain their full plumage,
and are known to breed in the olive-brown dress, resembling that of
the adult female. (Cf. Brooks, Stray Feathers, I. c.)

Hah. Himalaya Mountains.

a. cJad.sk. Cashmere. E.M.Langworthy, Esq. [P.].

b. (S ad. sk. N.W. Himalavas. Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill

LP-]-

c. (J ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.j.

d. e, f. c? ad. ; ff, k, i. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.j.
2 ad. sk.

k. Juv. sk. Nepal B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

3. Tarsiger hyperythrus.

lanthia hypervthra, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 1-32 : id. Cat. B. Mus.

A. S. B. p. 170; Jard. Contr. Orn. 1842, p. 89, pi. 16. fig. 2; Jerd.

B. Ind. ii. p. 147 ; Godivin-Austen, J. A. S. B. 1870, p. 106.
Nemura Lvperj'thra, Gray, Gen. B. ill. App. p. 8 ; Bp. Consp. i.

p. 300 ; 'llorsf. cV Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 299 ; Gray,
Hand-l. B. i.'p. 222, no. .3187.

Adult male. General colour above dark purplish blue, the fore-
head brighter and more cobalt-blue, extending backwards over the

258 MuscicAriDJs,

fore part of the eye ; a shoulder-patch of deep cobalt, formed by
the least series of upper wing-coverts, the rest of the wing-coverts
and quills dusky blackish, externally edged with purplish blue ; tail
dark purplish blue, the iuuer webs of the feathers blackish ; lores,
feathers round the eye, ear-coverts, sides of face, and sides of throat
deep purplish black ; the entire under surface of the body chestnut-
rufous ; thighs brown ; lower flanks whitish, forming a tuft on each
side of the back ; axillaries and under wing-coverts yellowish buff;
quills dusky brown, more ashy along the edge of the inner webs ;
"bill dusky; legs brown" {Jerdon). Total length 4*8 inches,
culmen 0"45, wing 3-15, tail li"3, tarsus 1.

Adult female. General colour above warm brown, the lower back
and rump greyish, the upper tail- coverts and tail a little brighter
blue ; least wing-coverts like the back, the median and greater
coverts, as well as the quills, dark brown, edged with the same
brown as the back, rather more rufous on the margins of the quills ;
over the eye an indication of a greyish-blue streak ; round the ej-e
a ring of fulvous feathers ; ear-coverts, sides of face, and under
surface of body rufescent brown, lighter on the throat and deeper
on the flanks, the middle of the abdomen and under tail- coverts
whitish ; thighs lavender-brown ; under wing-coverts and axillaries
yellowish buff with dusky bases ; quills dull brown below, ashy
fulvous along the edge of the inner web. Total length 5 inches,
culmen 0-4, wing 2-95, tail 2'2, tarsus 1.

Hab. Eastern Himalayas and Khasia hills.

a. cj ; b, c, d. $ ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

4. Tarsiger hodgsoni.

Neniura hodgsoni, Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 76, pi. 62 ; Horsf. <^ Moore,
Cat. B. Mns. E.I. Co. i. p. 300 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 222, no. 3188.
Nitidula campbelli, Jerd. ^ Bhjth, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 201.
Nitidula hodgsoni, Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 472.
Niltava hodgsoni, Gi'ay, Hand-l. B. i. p. 327, no. 4903.

Adult male. General colour above deep ultramarine, brighter and
more cobalt on the fore part of the crown and over the eye ; a broad
frontal line, lores, feathers round the eye, sides of face, and ear-
coverts black, the latter with a shade of blue ; scapulars and wing-
coverts deep blue like the back ; quills brown, the primary-coverts
and primaries narrowly edged with blue on the outer web ; tail-
feathers blackish, externally washed with blue ; cheeks and under
surface of body rich orange-yellow, slightly paler on the abdomen,
the thighs and under tail-coverts whitish ; axillaries, sides of breast,
and under wing-coverts pure white ; quills blackish below, edged
with huffy white along the inner web ; " bill black ; legs pale
reddish ; iris dark brown " (Jerdon). Total length 3"6 inches,
cvdmen 0-4, wing 1*85, tail 1-4, tarsus 0-6.

Adult female. General colour above yellowish olive-brown, rather
deeper and more rufous on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; wing-

29. TAKSIGER, 259

coverts like the back ; quills dark browu, edged externally with the
same colour as the back ; tail brown, washed externally with rufous-
brown ; lores and sides of face ochraceous buff, as also a ring of
feathers round the eye, the ear-coverts washed with olive ; cheeks
and under surface of body pale saffron-yellow, deeper on the flanks ;
centre of abdomen, sides of body, under wing- and tail-coverts white.
Total length 3-7 inches, culmen 0*4, -wing 1*8, tail 1"35, tarsus 0"65.
Hah. Eastern Himalayas.

a, b. 2 ^<i- sk. Darjiling. J. Fotheringham, Esq. [C.].

c. (S ad. sk. Sikkim, Nov. 1877. L. MandeUi, Esq. [P.].

d,e. (S 2 ad- sk. Nepal. B. II. Hodgson, Esq. [C.].

5. Tarsiger indicus.

Le Eossignol de muraille des Indes, Sonn. Voy. Ind. ii. p. 208*.
Sylvia indica, Vieill. N. Dkt. d'Hist. Kat. xi. p. 267 {ex Sonn.) ; Less,

Traite, p. 416.
Nemura ffavo-oUvacea, Sodgs, ; id. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 83 : id.

P. Z. S. 1845, p. 27.
Tarsiger superciliaris, Sodgs. Icon, ined., Passeres, App. pi. 57, no. 924;

Gray, Cat. Mamm. ^-c. Nepal Coll. Hodgs. p. Z^ ; Moore, P. Z. S.

1854, p. 76 ; ITursf. ^ Moore, Cat. B. 3Ius. E.I. Co. i. p. 311 ;

Switih. P. Z. S. 18/1, p. 3.59.
lanthia flavo-olivacea, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 133.
Ervtbaca flavo-olivacea, Grai/, Cat. Mamm. ijr. Nepal Coll. Hodgs.

p. 35 ; Jard. Contr. Orn. 1849, p. 88, pi. 16. fig. 1 ; Blgth, Cat. B.

Mas. A. S. B. p. 171.
lantliia superciliaris, Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 148.
Nemiu-a superciliaris, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 222, no. 3190.

Adult )Ha?e(type of T. superciliaris). General colour above dark
slaty blue, the long feathers on the side of the rump tipped ■with yel-
lowish buff; wing-coverts yellowish bro^vn, the innermost of all the
series slaty blue like the back ; greater coverts and quills blackish
brown, edged with yellowish brown, the inner secondaries with slaty
blue ; tail dark slaty blue, blackish on the inner web : side of crown
white, forming a very broad white eyebrow, extending from the base
of the bill to the sides of the nape ; feathers in front of and above the
eye as well as the sides of face black, the latter slightly washed
with slaty grey ; under surface of body orange-rufous, whiter on
the middle of the abdomen ; a faint indication of a malar line of
white ; under wing-coverts and axillaries like the breast ; quills
brown below, fulvescent along the edge of the inner web ; " beak
brownish ; feet reddish grey, the nails grey ; iris brown " (Jerdon).
Total length 5 inches, culmen O'o, wing 3-1, tail 2-o, tarsus 1*1.

The type being in bad condition, the measurements are taken
from a Darjiling specimen.

Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above

* Messrs. David and Oustalet state that they have examined one of Sonnerat's
Bpecimens still existing in the Paris Museum, and that they find it identical
with another given them by Dr. Jerdon as Tarsiger superciliaris.

260 MrscicAPiD^.

ochraceous brown, the lesser and median wing-coyerts like the back ;
greater coverts and quills dark brown, externally edged with reddish
brown, with pale yellowish tips to the greater coverts ; tail olive-
brown, dusky brown on the inner webs ; lores yellowish, extending
backwards and forming a whitish eyebrow, not so distinct as in the
male ; sides of face olive-brown, with fulvous shaft-lines ; under
surface of body deep ochraceous brown, the chin whitish : under
Aving-coverts and axillaries rather more yellowish ; quills dull brown
below, fulvescent along the edge of the inner web. Total length
5-3 inches, culmeu 0-45, wing 2-85, tail 2-4, tarsus 1-1.

Hah. Eastern Himalayas, extending into the mountains of Western
Szechuen.

a. S ad.; h, c, d. $ ad. sk. Nepal. B. 11. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

e. (S ad. sk. Darjiling. J. Fotheringham, Esq. [C.].

6. Tarsiger chrysoeus.
Tarsiger chrysceus, Hodgs. Icon, ined., Passercs, pi. 80, uos. 408 & 409 ;

id. in. Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 83 ; id. P. Z. S. 1845, p. 28 ; Grat/,

Cat. Mamm. ^-c. Nepal Coll. Hodc/s. p. 35 ; Blyth, Cat. B. 3Ius. A.

S. B. p. 169 ; Jard. Contr. Oni. 1850, p. 119, pi. 13; Bp. Comp. i.

p. 300 ; Horsf. S,- Moore, Cat. B. 3Ius. E.I. Co. ii. p. 310 ; Jerd. B.

Ind. ii. p. 149 ; SicinJi. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 359 ; ILiwe, Nests Sf Eygs

Ltd. B. p. 325 ; David l^ Oustalet, Ois. Chine, p. 238, pi. 29.
Sericornis (?) clirvsea, Bli/th, J. A. S. B. xiv. p. 549.
Nemura chryscEa,' Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 181 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 222,

no. 3189.

Adult male. General colour above orange-yellow, the scapulars
and feathers of the lower back with olive-brown tips ; crown of
head, hind neck, and mantle olive-brown, inclining to darker and
more rufous-olive on the head, the feathers of the lower back with
broad black tips ; lesser and median wing-coverts black, with mesial
streaks of golden yeUow near the tips of the feathers ; greater series
and qiiills black, externally edged with orange-brown, the inner-
most greater coverts entirely orange-yellow ; two centre tail-feathers
black, orange-yellow only at base, all the others orange-yellow with
a broad black band at the tip ; a narrow frontal line, lores, feathers
round the eye, and ear-coverts black ; a narrow superciliary streak
over the eye orange-yellow ; entire under surface of body orange-
yellow, some of the feathers on the sides of the breast edged with
black ; thighs olive on the outer margin ; under wing-coverts yellow ;
quills brown, yellowish buff along the inner webs; '•bill dusky
above, yellowish fleshy beneath ; ri'is dark brown " (Jcrdon). Total
length 5 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 2-8, tail 2-25, tarsus 1-3.

Adult female. General colour above olive, lighter and inclining
to olive-yellow on the rump ; least wing-coverts like the back ;
remainder of the wing-coverts and quilLs brown, edged with olive ;
centre tail-feathers olive-brown, the rest of the tail dull yellow with
an olive-brown band at the tips of the feathers ; lores and eyebrow
yclloAvish olive ; round the eye a ring of yellowish feathers ; car-

29. TARSIGEE. . 261

coverts olive-brown, vrith whitish shaft-streaks ; cheeks and under
surface of body deep ochraceous yellow, the bottom of the abdomen
whitish. Total length 5 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 2-6, tail 2,
tarsus 1-2.

Hah. Himalaya Mountains, ranging eastwards into Moupin in
"Western China.

a,b. S 2 ad. sk. N.W. Huna- Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill

layas. [P.].

e, d,€. S; f, 0, h. 5 ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

7. Tarsiger stellatus.

Le Gobe-mouche etoile, Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. iv. p. 28, pi. 157 ;

Sumlev. Cn't. om Levatll. p. 42.
Muscicapa stellata, Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xxi. p. 468 ; Gray,

Gen. B. i. p. 163 ; Lmjard, B. S. Afr. p. 148.
Pogonoeicbla stellata, Cab. Arch.f. Naturg. 1847, p. 314; Bp. Cotisp.

i. p. 300 ; Grill, Zool. Anteckn. p. 27 ; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 43,

no. 401 ; Barratt, Ibis, 1876, p. 203 ; Ap-es, t. c. p. 428 ; Sharpe,

ed. Layard's B. S. Afr. p. 342.
Tarsiger cucullatus, Bhjth, Ibis, 1867, p. 16 (e,r Gotdd, 3IS.).
Nemiira stellata. Gray, Iland-l. B. i. p. 223, no. 3191.

Adult male. Above yellowish olive, the upper tail-coverts bright
yellow; least wing-coverts olive like the back, the rest of the
coverts and quills blackish, externally blue-grey, inclining to silvery
grey on the outermost greater coverts ; tail yeUow, with a broad
black band at the tip, the outer feather externally blackish for the
terminal half of the outer wob, the two centre tail-feathers entirely
black ; head dull blue, Lacluding the sides of head and entire throat ;
lores and feathers round the eye more dusky ; above the eye a large
spot of silvery white, a spot of which is also apparent on the lower
throat ; rest of under surface of body orange-yeUow, including the
imdcr wing- and tail-coverts ; thighs and outermost of the under
wing-coverts light grey with whitish margins ; " bill black ; tarsi
and feet dusky pale ; iris dusky " ( T. Ay res). Total length 6*2 inches,
culmen 0"5, wing 4-55, tail 2"75, tarsus I'l.

Adult female. Similar to the male.

Youny birds are similar to the adult, but are duller and more
olive-green above, the head being of the same colour as the back ;
aU the grey on the wing overshaded with olive; under siuface of
body olive-yellow, greener on the throat ; sides of face olive, the
ear-coverts with yellow shaft-Hues ; lores dusky yellow ; round the
eye a ring of yeUow feathers.

Hah. South Africa.

a, b. vix ad. sk. South Africa. J. Gould, Esq.

c, d. Ad. sk. Peri Bush, near King- II. Trevelyan, Esq. [P.].

wiUiamstown.
e. Juv. sk. Near East London (F. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

A. Barratt).
f,g. S ad. sk. Eland's Post, June 10, R. B. SLarpe, Esq.

1^10 (J'.C.Atmore).

262

h. 2 ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.

k. cJ ad. sk.
I. Ad. sk.

MUSC'TCAriD,E.

Lydenburg.
Lydenburg.
Macamac.
Macamac.

F. A. Barratt, Esq. [CI.
F. A. Barratt, Esq. 'C.J.
F. A. Barratt, Esq. \'C.\.
J. H. Gurney, Esq. [P.].

30. LIOPTILUS.

Lioptilus, Cahanis, Mus. Hem. i. p. 88 (1850)

Type.
L. nigricapillus

Bill and wing of Lioptilus nigricapillus.
Range. Confined to South Africa.

Key to the Sjjecies.

a Head black ; back oliTe-brown ; sides of neck, sides

of face, throat, and breast gi-ey • . nigricapilhis, p. 262.

h. Head ashy olive like the back ; throat white ;

breast aiid abdomen greenish ashy oUvascens, p. 263.

1. Lioptilus nigricapillus.

Le Merle a calotte noire, Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. iii. p. 48, pi. 108 ; Sundev.

Crit. om Levaill. p. 36.
Turdus nigricapillus, Vieill. N. Diet. (TMst. Nat. xx. p. 256 ; Gray,

Gen. B. i. p. 219.
LioptiliLs nigricapillus, Cab. Mm. Hein. i. p. 88 ; £p. Consp. i. p. 332 ;

Graij, Hand-l. B. i. p. 314, no. 4691 ; Sharps, Cat. Aft: B. p. 43 ;

Barratt, Ibis, 1876, p. 203 ; Ayres, t. c, p. 428 ; Sharpe, ed. Layard's

B. S. Afr. p. 343, no. .331.
Pycnonotiis nigricapillus, Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 140.

Adult male. Upper surface warm brown, the wing-coverts and
quills ashy brown, washed with the same brown as the back ex-
ternally, the primaries narrowly margined with whitish ; tail dark
brown, margined on both webs of the feathers with olivaceous ;
crown of head and nape black, the latter slightly shaded with grey ;
lores and feathers round the eye black ; cheeks and ear-coverts
silverj' grey, the sides of the neck, throat, and breast rather darker
grey ; the chin blackish ; centre of the breast and abdomen white ;
sides of body and thighs fulvous-brown ; under tail-coverts light
brown, edged broadly with butfj- white ; under wing-coverts yel-

31. OREICOLA. 263

lowish buff; quills ashy brown below, the inner webs white from
their base upwards; "bill and legs flesh-colour; iris ashy hazel"
; ; ^\f"""''^- ^Total length G-6 inches, culmen 0-53, wing 3-2,
tau c5-15, tarsus 0-95.
ffab. South Africa.

«. 6 ad. sk. Eland's Post, S.E. Africa, R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
June 10, 1870 (T. C. At- f > 'i

more).

^ tn ■ t f>''"^- . , I^- B. Sharpe, Esq.

c. Ad. sk. ^^'^^l-iraac, July 3, 1874 (T. J. H. Gurney, Esq. [P.].

2. Lioptilus olivascens.

Pansoma olivascens C«5.. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 52; HarU.

J.f O. 18bl p. 161 ; Grai/, Hand-l. B. i. p. 286, no. 3415.
^githalopsis ohvascens, Heine, J.f. O. 1859, p. isi.

^f?M?<. Entire upper parts ashy oUve ; wings and taU olive-brown ;
qu Us externany edged with paler yeUowish ashy, and internali;
with white ; throat and under taU-coverts white ; breast and abdo-
men greenish ashy, paler on the latter; under wing-coverts white •
upper mandible bluish corneous, under mandible yeUowish white-

(dLEf, rro""' ^'"^^^ ^^' ''''^''' ^"^^ ^^' ^^^ ^i

Hah. Gaboon.

fn Phi n v'- T\ -^^^^rP*'""' "^ ^^^ *3-pe stUI remains unique
in Philadelphia. He describes it as of the same general form as
Pansoma mdaimrnm ( = R plumheum, Hartl.), but with the bUl
stronger and the colours of the plumage entirely different. This
thicker biU and the pale-coloured legs most likely belong to a Lio-
ptdus, as the South-Afncan species (L. nigricapillus) differs from a
P™m« chiefly m these two characteristics; indeed it is doubtful
whether Liopulus should be considered more than a thick-biUed
Pansoma.

31. OREICOLA.

Oreicola, Bp. C. R. xxxviii. p. 6 ri8o4^ n ,.,^'I^^'i

Rhodophila, Jerd. B. Ind. ii.^p.'As (18^3) ' .' .' \ \ \ [ [ [ 0. j" tnf "'''

Bill of Oreicola ferrea.

Rmige. ■From India, ranging through the Burmese countries to
Southern China, and extending to the island of Timor.

264 ursciCAPiD^.

Key to the Species.
Males,
a. No white ou the "s^ing; black abcwe, white

below jercUmi, p. 2G4.

h. \Mth a large white patch on the wiug, formed
of the iuner coverts of all three series.
a. Upper surface glossy black, as also the tail ;
a few white-tipped feathers ou the sides

of the hinder crown melanoleuca, p. 265.

h'. Upper surface black with grey edgings ;
rump grey with black centres ; outer tail-
feathers edged with white ferrea, p. 266.

Females,
a. Tail-feathers dark browu ; no light eyebrow. . jerdoni, p. 264.
h. Tail-feathers rufous ; upper tail-coverts rufous.
a'. A whitish eyebrow ; under surface of body
white, washed with creamy buft' on the

breast melanoleuca, p. 26-5.

b' . A very hght fulvous eyebrow; under sur-
face of body ashy fidvoiis-broMTi, the
throat whiter . . = ferrea, p. 266.

1. Or eicola jerdoni.

Rhodophila melanoleuca, Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 128, iii. p. 872 {tiec V.);

Gould, B. Asia, part xviii.
Oreicola jerdoni, Blyth, Ibis, 18G7, p. 14 ; Beavan, t. c. p. 449; Blanf.

Ibis, 1870, p. 466; Bhjth ^- Wald. B. Burm. p. 101.
Saxicola jerdoni. Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 227, no. 3273.

Adult male. General colour above glossy black, the rump-feathers
slightly varied with subterminal white markings ; upper tail-coverts
glossy black ; tail black ; least and median wing-coverts like the
back, the greater coverts and the quills black, with glossy black
margins ; sides of face entirely glossj' black ; entire under surface
of body white ; thighs black ; under wing-coverts and axillarics
black, with broad white edgings ; " bill and legs black ; iris dark
brown '' {Jenlon). Total length n*4 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 2-55,
tail 2'6, tarsus 0-8.

AduU female. Different from the male. General colour above
brown, slightly mottled on the head with blackish centres, the lower
back inclining to rufous, the upper tail-coverts rufous ; tail-feathers
brown ; least wing-coverts like the back ; median and greater series
as well as the quills dark brown, edged with the same brown as the
back ; feathers in front of the eye mottled with ashy fulvous tips,
the bases dark brown ; sides of face and cheeks dark brown ; entire
under surface of body creamj' white, washed with fulvous on the
flanks ; thighs brown ; under vring-coverts brown ; axillaries ashy
whitish tinged with fulvous, the bases dusky grey ; quills dark
brown below, with whity-brown edges to the inner webs. Total
length 5'2 inches, culmen O'o, wing 2-5, tail 2'o, tarsus 0"8.

Mab. East<^rn Bengal, ranging into Burmah.

31. OKEICOLA. 265

a, b. J 2 ad. sk. Upper India. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.].

(Types of species.)

2. Oreicola melanoleuca.

CEnanthe melanoleuca, Vieill. N. Diet. (mist. Nat. xxi. p. 435.
Saxicola melanoleuca, Bp. Consp. i. p. 304 {ex Miiller, MS. in Mus.

Lugd.) ; Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 485 ; Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 167 ;

Gray, Hand-l. J?, i. p. 227, no. 3269.
Saxicola luctuosa, Bp. Consp. i. p. 304 (e.r Miiller, MS. in Mus.

Lugd.); Wall. R Z. S. 1863, p. 485; Finsch, Neu-Guinea, n. 167 ;

Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 227, no. 3270.
Sylvia nycthemera, Temm. in Mus. Lugd., imdh
Lalage nycthemera, Bp. Consp. i. p. 355 ; Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 485 ;

Hartl. J.f. O. 1865, p. 165; Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 172; Salvad.

Ucc. Born. p. 148.
Oreicola melanoleuca, Bp. C. R. xxxviii. p. 6.
Oreicola luctuosa, Bp. C. R. xxxviii. p. 6.
Campephaga nycthemera, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 339, no. 5127.

Adult male. General colour above glossy black, the bases to the
rump-feathers greyish ; tail black ; wings also black, with a large
white patch, fonned of all the innermost series of coverts (lesser,
median, and greater) together with the white bases to the inner-
most secondaries ; sides of face and cheeks glossy black like
the head; on each side of the hinder crown a few white-tipped
feathers ; entire under surface of body white, including the outer
aspect of the thighs, which are black behind ; axiUaries and under
wing-coverts white, those near the edge of the wing black ; quiUs
blackish below, the secondaries conspicuously white towards the
base of their inner webs. Total length 6-8 inches, culmen 0-55,
wing 2-9, tail 2-7, tarsus 0-95.

Adult female. General colour above sandy brown, inclining to
more rufous-brown towards the rump, some of the feathers with
longitudinal centres of darker brown ; upper tail-coverts rufous ;
two centre tail-feathers brown edged with rufous, the other feathers
light rufous on the inner webs, darker brown on the outer, with an
external edge of rufous ; wings dark brown, all the feathers with
rufous edgings, the innermost of the wing-coverts edged with ashy
gre)' or hoar}- white, forming an indistinct patch ; lores and a di-
stinct eyebrow buffy white, as also a ring of feathers round the eye;
ear-coverts and feathers below the e3'e dark brown, with narrow
rufous shaft-lines ; under surface of body bufty whitish, the breast
washed with cream-colour, as also the sides of the body ; axiUaries
and under wing-coverts white with dusky bases ; quiUs dull brown
below, with rufous edges along the inner web. Total length 6'1
inches, culmen 0-55, wing 2*75, tail 2'5, tarsus 0-85.

Hah. Island of Timor.

a. Ad. St. Timor. Purchased.

6, c. cf ad. sk. E. Timor. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [CI.

d, e. S ad. ; /. J ad. sk. Semao, Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [Cj.

266 MUSCICAPID^.

3. Oreicola ferrea*.

Rubecola ferrea, Hodgs. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 83.

Saxicola ferrea, Hodgs. Icon, ined., Passeres, pi. 97 (nos. 416, 417) ;

Ch-ay, Cat. Mamm. ^c. Nepal Coll. Hodgs. p. 71, et p. 153 (descr.

orig.).
Pratincola ferrea, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 129 ; id. Cat. B. Mus.

A. S. B. p. 170; Bp. Consp. i. p. 305; Hursf. 8) Moore, Cat. B.
Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 286; Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 127; Gray, Hand-l.

B. i. p. 228, no. 3286; Sivinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 360; Hume <§•
Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 205, pi. 12 ; Cock <^- Marsh. Sir. F.
1873, p. 355 ; Hume, S. F. 1874, p. 478 ; Blyth # Wald. B. Burm.
p. 101 ; Hume, Kests and Eggs Ind. B. p. 318 ; id. Str. F. 1875,
p. 134; Brooks, t. c. p. 238; David ^- Oust. Ois. de la Chine,
p. 168 ; Inglis, Str. F. 1877, p. 36.

Adult male. General colour above black, with grey edgings to the
feathers, the lower back and rump entirely grey ; the head black,
the grey edgings to the feathers nearly obsolete ; wings black, some
of the coverts slightly edged with grey, the inner median coverts
tipped with white, the inner gi'eater coverts white, forming a large
patch on the wing ; upper tail-coverts black, edged with grey ; tail-
feathers black, distinctly edged with hoary grey, the outer feathers
slightly tipped with the latter colour, the outermost feather exter-
nally hoary as well as a broad ending to the inner web ; from the
base of the nostrils a broad white line extending over the eye and
forming a conspicuous eyebrow ; feathers in front of and round the
eye and ear-coverts black, as well as the checks ; under surface of
body white, the sides more or less mixed with ashy grey ; chin-spot
black ; under wing-coverts white with blackish bases ; quills dusky
blackish below, white along the inner webs ; " bill black ; feet
brown-black ; iris brown " (Jerdon). Total length 5 inches, culmen
0"5, wing 2-7, tail 2-0, tarsus 0-9.

In winter the whole aspect of the bird is grey with black centres,
the grey edgings becoming worn off in the summer, many of the
plumes also washed with rusty, the quills and wing-coverts distinctly
edged with grey ; below, the white under surface is more ding)', the
feathers of the lower throat and breast edged with greyish, the
flanks also washed with grey ; the ashy-grey edgings and tips to the
tail-feathers much broader and more distinct.

Adult female. General colour light brown, a little more rufescent
on the rump ; upjjer tail-coverts rufous ; tail dark brown, the
outer feathers externally rufous, the outermost lighter brown,
the outer web and at the tip ; fore part of the crown varied
with dark brown centres to the feathers ; forehead hoary whitish ;
eyebrow greyish white ; feathers in front of and round the eye
dark brown, as well as the ear-coverts, the latter with lighter
shafts ; cheeks and throat white ; rest of under surface of body
buffy white, more fulvous on the flanks ; under wing-coverts buffy

* On the affinity of O. ferrea with O.jerdoni, see Jerdon's 'Birds of India,'
iji. App. p. 872 ; and on its Muscicapine nature see Hume, ' Lahore to Yar-
kand,' p. 205, where a figure of the bill is given, to show the likeness to Musci-
capa.

32. STENOSTIRA.

267

white ; quills dark brown below, fulvescent along the inner webs.
Total length 5-2 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 2'55, tail 2-45, tarsus
0-85.

Young. Brown, like the old female, but the upper surface mottled
aU over with longitudinal fulvous spots and streaks on the feathers,
very lai'ge and distinct on the upper wing-coverts ; greater coverts
and quills edged with rufous ; sides of face mottled, like the crown,
with fulvous streaks ; under surface of body fulvous, the feathers
edged with dusky brown, producing a mottled appearance.

Hah. India and the Bm'mese countries, ranging eastwards into
China.

«, h,c. (S\ d, e. 2 ad. sk.

/. Juv. sk.

g. c? ad. sk.

h-l. (} sestiv. sk.

m. 2 festiv. sk.

n, 0. S; p. 2 hiem. sk.

q-u. Juv. sk.

V. 2 ad. sk.

U3. (S hiem. sk.

X. cS juv. sk.

N.W. Himalayas.

N.W. Himalayas.

Murree.

Nepal.
Nepal.
Nepal.
Nepal.
Benar.
Bootan.

Bootan Dooars,S.E.
Himalavas, Aug.
1870.

Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill
Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill

apt.

[P-]
apt. (

fp.].
■H.H
B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

B.H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]

B.H.Hodgson, Esq. [P.I.
B.H. Hodgson, Esq. [P. 1.
B.H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].
Secretary of State for

India [P.].
W.T.BlanfbrdEsq. [P.].

32. STENOSTIRA.

Stenostira, Cah. ^ Bp. in Bp. Consp. i. p. 316 (1850) .
Empidivora, Reichenh. Syst. Av. Nat. pi. Ixviii. (1850)

Type.
S. scita.
S. scita.

Bill of Stenostira scita.
Eange. Confined to South Africa.

1. Stenostira scita.

Le Goube-mouches mignard, Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. iv. pp. 14, 154.
Muscicapa scita, Vieili. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xxi. p. 474.
Muscicapa tenella, Licht. Verz. Vog. Kaffernl. p. 12.
Platystira longipes, Sxvains. Monogr. Flycatchers, p. 185, pi. 21 ;

Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 143.
Platystira scita, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 256 ; id. Eand-l. B. i. p. 330,

no. 4950.
Stenostira scita. Cab. ^ Bp. Consp. i. p. 316; Sharpe, Ibis, 1873,

p. 175.

Adult male. Above greyish, a little paler on the rump ; wings

t2

268 ilUSCICAPlD-K

black ; least wing-coverts greyish like tlie back, with a vertical line
of white extending the whole length of the wing, beginning at the
outer median coverts ; tail black, the outermost feather white, the
penultimate one white for its apical half, and the next one with a
little less white towards the tip ; a narrow superciliary line of white
from the base of the forehead to the hinder ear-coverts ; cheeks
and ear-coverts black ; a narrow cheek-stripe and chin white, the
latter with a delicate blush of rose-colour ; lower throat and chest
greyish : lower breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts white, with
a beautiful blush of rosy colour on the former ; under wing-coverts
whitish, the outermost ones slightly shaded with grey ; thighs
black ; i)ill and feet black ; iris black. Total length 4-5 inches,
culmen 0-5, wing 2-25, tail 2-3, tarsus 0-8.
Hah. The same as that of the genus.

a. ^ ad. sk. Mooi River, Transvaal, August R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

4, 1843 {Wahlberg).

b. Ad. sk. Orange River (T. C. Atmore). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

c. Ad. sk. Potchefstroom, Transvaal, April R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

27, 1877 ( W. Lucas).

33. PARISOMA. r^^

Parisoma, Swains. Faun. Bor.-Amer., Birds, p. 490

(1831) P. subcseruleum.

^githalopsis, Heine, J.f. 0. 1859, p. 431 P. subcseruleum.

Range. Confined to Africa.

Key to the Species.

a. Vent and under tail-coverts chestnut ; throat

white, with broad white streaks mbceeruleum, p. 268.

b. Vent and under tail-coverts pure white or ful-

vous, sometimes washed with brown, not
chestnut.

a'. General colour gi'ey, lighter below, the ab-
domen whitish ; throat and chest uniform
grey, not streaked plumheum, p. 269.

b '. General colom- more ashy gi'ey and browner
than the preceding; throat white like the
abdomen ; chest ashy grey, the lower throat
and fore neck distinctly streaked with dusky
brown Imjardi, p. 270.

1. Parisoma subcaeruleum.

Le Grignet, Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. pi. 126 ; Sundev. Crit. om Levaill. p. 38.

Sylvia subcaerulea, Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xi. p. 188 (ex Le-
vaill.).

Parisoma rufiventer. Swains. Classif. B. ii. p. 247 ; Layard, B. S. Afr.
p. 115.

Parisoma subcseruleum, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 194 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 259 ;
Strickl. 8f Sclater, Contr. Om. 1852, p. 149 ; Gi-ay, Hand-l. B. i.
p. 235, no. 3411 ; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 41, no. 390; Ayres, Ibis,

33. PARISOMA. 269

1871, p. 154 ; Gurney, in Anderss. B. Dam. Ld. p. 77 ; Buckley,
Ibis, 1874, p. 375 ; Sh'arpe, ed. Layard's B. S. Afr. p. 3-32, no. 318;
Bocaye, Orn. Angola, p. 204.
Thamnobia siibcferidea, Grill, Zool. Anteckn. p. 10

ntecltn.. p.
O. 1859,

-(Egitlialopsis subcaerulea, Heine, J. f. O. 1859, p. 431.

Adult male. General colour above grey ; wing-coverts brown,
with grey edgings ; primary-coverts and coverts of the thumb black
with white margins ; quiUs brown, externally washed with grey,
the primaries externally edged with white ; tail black, the lateral
feathers tipped with white, increasing in extent towards the outer-
most, where the white tip occupies the apical third of the feather
and extends quite halfway up the outer web; lores whitish;
feathers in front of the eye duskj' ; ear-coverts grej% streaked with
white ; cheeks and entire throat and fore neck greyish white,
broadly streaked with black ; rest of under surface of body white,
the sides of the body grey ; vent and under tail-coverts tawny
chestnut ; thighs greyish white, slightly washed with rufous ; under
wing-coverts white, as also the edge of the wing, the bases to the
feathers black ; lower surface of quills ashy grey, with white mar-
gins to the inner webs ; " bill black ; feet black : iris white "
{Buckley); iris bluish white ( I'. O. Atmore) ; iris yellowish white
(Andersson). Total length 5'6 inches, culmen 0'45, wing 2'75, tail
2-75, tarsus 0-85.

Adult female. Similar to the male, but rather duller grey and
less broadly streaked with black on the throat. Total length 5'6
inches, wing 2-65, tail 2"65, tarsus 0'85.

Hah. South Africa.

KitipwilliamstowTi. Lieut. H. Trevelyan [P.]'

Kinfiwilliamstown,May5, Lieut. H. Trevelyan [P.]-

1877 ( C. Newby).
Eland's Post (T. C. At- R. B. Shai-pe, Esq.

mo7-e).
Transvaal (T. Ayres). R. B. Sbarpe, Esq.

Damara Land. 0. J.Andersson,Esq.[C.].

Elephant Vley, Damara R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

Land, Sept.'l, 1859 (C.

J. Andcrsson).
h. (S ad. sk. Otjimbinque, June 17,1866 R. B. Sbarpe, Esq.

(C J. Andersson).

2. Parisoma plumbeum,

Stenostira plumbea, Hartl. J. f. O. 1858, p. 41, 1861, p. 169; Fimch

4- Hartl. Vog. Ostafr. p. 303, note; Heiigl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 432,

tab. 17.
Parisoma melanurum, Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 51 ; Hartl.

J.f. O. 1861, p. 161 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 236, no. 3414.
yEgithalopsis melanura, Heine, J. f. 0. 1859, p. 1.'51.
Miiscicapa melanura {nee Cass.), Heuql. J. f. O. 18G3, p. 274; Finsch

Sf Hartl. Vog. Ostafr. p. 303, note ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 330,

no. 4831.
Platystira plumbea. Gray, Hand-l. 5. i. p. 330, no. 4951.
Parisoma plumbeum, Sharpe, Cat. .Afr. B. p. 41, no. 389.

a. Ad. sk.
h,c. d" $ ad.

sk.

d. S ad. sk.

€. S ad. sk.
/. $ ad. sk.
g. 5 ad. sk.

270 MUSCICAPID^.

Adult. General coloxir blue-grey, the forehead slightly streaked
with brown shaft-lines ; least wing-coverts grey like the back, the
greater coverts and bastard wing blackish externally, edged with
ashy whitish ; primary-coverts blackish, externally dull grey ; quills
blackish, the primaries margined with dull grey or greyish white,
the secondaries with purer white ; tail black, the lateral feathers
tipped with white, more broadly towards the outermost, which is
almost entirely white, excepting the extreme base, which is obliquely
brown, the penultimate feathers also white for nearly the whole of
the outer web : lores whitish, extending to the fore part of the eye,
round which is a circlet of whitish feathers ; sides of face and of
neck uniform bluish grey, the fore part of the cheeks whiter ; chin
white ; rest of under surface of body dull bluish grey, the centre of
the abdomen and under tail-coverts white ; thighs dusky grey ;
under wing-coverts white, as also the inner web of the quills ; bill
black in skin, the lower mandible browner. Total length 5-7 inches,
culmen 0-45, wing 2-7, tail 2-6, tarsus 0-7.

Obs. I have never seen an example of the species from Gaboon
(P. melanurum, Cass.), but I cannot distinguish it by the description
from Senegambian examples. One of the latter specimens in the
Museum has the under tail-coverts fulvous, as is the case in Cassin's
description.

Hab. Western and Xorth-eastem Africa.

a. Ad. sk. River Gambia. R. B. Sharps, Esq.

b. Ad. sk. Casamance, Senegambia. M. Verreaux.

c. Ad. St. Casamance, Senegambia. M. Verreaux.

3. Parisoma layardi.

Parisoma layardi, Hai-tlavb, Ibis, 1862, p. 147; Layard, B. S. Afr.
p. 115, no. 214; Gray, Hmul-l. B. i. p. 236, no. 3413; Gurney in
Anderss. B. Dam. Ld. p. 78 ; Sharpe, ed. Layardh B. S. Afr. p. 334,
no. 319.

Stenostira schistacea, Heugl. Orn. N. O.-Afr. p. 433, note.

Adult male. General colour above rather dark grey ; the least
wing-coverts uniform with the back ; rest of the wing-coverts aud
quills blackish externally, washed with grey ; the primary-coverts
and primaries margined with white on the outer web rather conspi-
cuous!}' ; tail black, the outermost feather obliquely white for the
terminal third and along the outer web, the next feathers slightly
white at the tip ; lores duU whitish ; feathers in front of the eye
dusky blackish ; ear-coverts uniform grey, duller than the sides of
the neck, which are also grey ; chin and throat white, the latter
distinctly streaked with black ; centre of the body white, the flanks
and sides of the body grey ; under tail-coverts whitish, with dusky-
brown bases to the feathers : thighs brown ; under wing-coverts
dusky grey, the edge of the wing white ; quills ashy brown below,
with white edgings along the inner webs. Total length 5 inches,
culmen 0-45, wing '2-bb. tail 2-3, tarsus 0-8.

34. AETHOMTIAS. * 271

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total IcDgth 5 inches, wing
2-5, tail 2'35, tarsus 0-8.

Young. Similar to the adult, but duller brown ; the throat whiter,
with less distinct blackish streaks.

Bab. South Africa.

«. $ ad. sk. Colesberg (A. F. Ortlepp). R. B. Shai-pe, Esq.

b. (S ad. sk. Daviep, River Swakop, Dec. 27, R. B. Sharps, Esq.

1860 ( C. J. Anderssoii).

c. 2 ad. sk. Swakop River, Oct. 2G, 18G0 ( C. J. R. B. Sharps, Esq.

Andersson).
d (5" ad. sk. Near Elephant River, Little Xama- R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
qua Land, Aug. 8, 1862 (C. J.
Andersson).

34. AETHOMYIAS.

Entomophila (pt.), G. R. Gray.
Sericornis (pt.), Salvadori.

Range. Confined to New Guinea.

1. Aethomyias spilodera.

Entomophila? spilodera. Gray, P. Z. S. 18-59, p. 155; Finsch, Neu-

Guinea, p. 164 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 154, no. 2000.
Sericornis spilodera, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. xii. p. 343.

Adult male. General colour above dark olive-brown, the head
blacker, the ear-coverts rather more greyish black ; the nape also
washed slightly with blackish brown ; wing-coverts like the back,
the greater coverts and quills margined with olive, the latter more
plainly towards the ends of the feathers, the margins to the pri-
maries lighter ; upper tail-coverts and tail-feathers dark rufous-
brown, more dusky on the inner webs ; throat dull white, mottled
with ovate spots of black in the centre of the feathers, the cheeks
also marked in this manner ; i-emainder of under surface whitish,
with a wash of yellow on the breast and belly, especially distinct on
the under tail-covcrts ; the sides of the upper breast ashy, washed
with olive ; thighs dusky ; under wing-coverts dusky brown ; quills
brown below, lighter along the inner webs ; bill yellowish. Total
length 3-7 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 2-35, tail 1-7, tarsus 0-75.
(Mus. Lucjd.)

Another specimen, marked female, has the throat more dusky, the
black spots being more extended, the white edgings less developed.
Total length 3-9 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 2-35, tail 1"75, tarsus 0-7.
(Mus. Lugd.)

A young male, as I determine it to be, has the head uniform dark
olive like the back ; below, the throat shows no black spots at all,
but is dull whitish, slightly washed with olive-yellow ; the rest of
the under surface also is duller than in the adult and has a stronger
tinge of olive. {Mus. Lugd.)

272 " MuscrcAPiD^.

The series examined in the Leiden Museum agrees with the type
in the British Museum.
Hah. N.W. New Guinea.

a. 2 ad. sk. Dorey, New Guinea. A. K.Wallace, Esq. [C.].

(Type of species.)

35. CHLOROPETA. „

lype.

Chloropeta, Smith, III. Zool. S. Afr. Aves, pi. 112 (1847). C. natalensis.

Bill and leg of Chloropeta natalensis.
Bange. South Africa, ranging into the Congo district.

Key to the Species.

a. Third primary equalling the sixth in length : dull

yellowish olive, underneath dull yellow ; sides of
neck, thighs, rump, and vent tinged with huffish
colour ; head rather dusky above, with a didl yel-
lowish superciliary streak tiatalensis, p. 272.

b. Third primary equalling the seventh in length : bright

yellowish green ; underneath very briglit yellow ;
streak above the lores yellow : sides of neck uni-
form with the back icterina, p. 273.

1. Chloropeta natalensis.

Chloropeta natalensis, Smith, III. Zool. S. Afr. Aves, pi. 112. fig. 2 ;

Stindev. (Efv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh. Slockli 1850, p. 105 ; Reichen.

Corresp. Afrik. Oesellsch. Berlin, 1875, p. 177, no. 5 ; Barratt,

Ibis, 1876," p. 202 ; At/res, t. c. p. 428 ; Sharpe, ed. Layard's B. S.

Afr. p. 335.
Hypolais natalensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 280.
Sylvia natalensis, Laxjard, B. S. Afr. p. 102, no. 188 ; Gray, Hand-l.

B. i. p. 214, no. 3026.

Adult male. General colo'ur above dull olive-yeUow, yellower on
the back, all the feathers being brown towards the base ; the head
browner than the back, the yeUow margins not so broad ; wing-
coverts and quills very dark brown, all margined with dull olive-
yellow ; tail rather lighter brown, the feathers margined with olive-
yellow, paler and inclining to whitish at the tip of the outermost ;
feathers in front of the eye bright lemon-yellow ; ear-coverts olive,
with narrow shaft-lines of bright yellow ; cheeks, sides of neck, and
entire under surface of body, including the thighs and under wing-
and tail-coverts, bright yellow, the flanks slightly washed with
olive-brown ; " bill dusky, the under mandible yellow ; tarsi and
feet dusky ; iris hazel " (Ayres). Total length 4"9 inches, culmen
Goo, wing 2-4, tail 2-35, tarsus 0-5.

3G, HTPOTHrsirs. 273

Adult female. Similar to the male, but not quite so bright. Total
length 5 inches, wing 2-3, tail 2-3, tarsus 0-85. {Mtis. G. E. Shelley.)
Hah. Natal.

a. Ad. sk. Natal. Dr. Gueinzius [C.].

h. Ad. sk. Natal. T. Ayres, Esq. [0.].

c, d. c? ad. sk. Lydenburg. F. A. Barratt, Esq. [C.l.

e. (S ad. sk. Macamac ( T. Ai/rcs). J. H. Gurney, Esq. [P.].

2. Chloropeta icterina.

Chloropeta icterina, Snndev. CEfv. K. Vei.-Ahad. Forh. Stockh. 1850,
p. 105 ; Shnrpe, ed. Layard's B. S. Afr. p. 336.

Adult. Bright yellowish green ; uuderneath very bright yellow ;
a yellowish streak above the lores ; thigh-plumes very bright yel-
low. Total length 5| inches, wing 2*45, tail 2*4, tarsus 0*85.
{Sundevull, I. c.)

Obs. The above is a translation of the original description ; the
specific characters are given in the " key."

36. HYPOTHYMIS*.

Type.

Hypothymis, Bote, Isis, 182<), p. 973 H. occipitalis.

Myiagra, pt., auct. recent, phir.

Head of Hypothymis asurea.

'Range. From India and Ceylon through the Burmese countries
to South China ; Malayan peninsula and islands as far as Celebes
and the Sula group.

Key to the Species.

a. Forehead and crown uniform azure-blue, of a
velvety texture.
a'. With a black collar across the fore neck
and a large black nape-patch.
a". Belly white, as also the under wing-
coverts aziirea c? , p. 274.

* The following species has been placed in this genus, but has been shown by
Oustalet to be Piczorhynchus dichrous{Gray),a. species described further on: —

Hypothymis .manadensis.
Muscieapa manadensis, Quoy ^- Gaim. Voy. de FAsirol. Zool. i. p. 170, pi. 3.

fig. 3.
Myiagra manadensis, Gray, P. Z. S. 18G0, p. 352 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 328,

no. 4921.
Hypothymis manadensis, Bp. C. If. xxxviii. p. fi;")3-. Watdai, Tr. Z. S. riii.

"p. 66.

274 MUSCICAPID-E.

b". Belly greyish purple, as also the under

■wing'-coTerts, overspreading the white . . occipitalis cJ > p. 275.
b'. With no black collar across the fore neck ;
nape-spot very indistinct ; frontal line and

chin black . .' ceylonensis S , p. 277.

c'. With no black collar across the fore neck
and no nape-spot ; no black on the frontal

line or chin puella S , P- 277.

c". Above and below of the same light

azure-blue puella, p. 277.

d". Above greyish cobalt; under surface

light silvery blue roicleyi, p. 278.

b. Forehead and eyebrow silvery cobalt, brighter
than the rest of the crown and forming an
eyebrow superciliaris <5 , p. 278.'

1. Hypotli3miis azurea.

Gobe-mouches bleu des Philippines, Daubent. PL Enl. 666. fig. 1.

Le petit Azur, Month. Hist. Nat. Ois. iv. p. 534.

Muscicapa azurea, Bodd. Tahl. PL Enl. p. 41 {ex Daubent.),

Azure Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. 1, p. 339.

Muscicapa cserulea, Gm. S. N. i. p. 943 ; Jerd. Madr. Journ. xi.
p. 14.

Muscicapa cseruleocephala, Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 85.

? Myiagra torquata, Swains. Monogr. Flycatchers, p. 203.

Myiagra cserulea. Swains. Monogr. Flycatchers, p. 208; Gray, Cat.
Manim. S^c. Nepal ColL Hodgs. p. 93 ; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B.
p. 204.

Myiagra azurea, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 261 ; Horsf. 8f Moore, Cat. B,
Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 138 ; Jerd. B. hid. i. p. 450'; Pelz. Reis. Novara,
Vog. pp. 78, 161 (pt.) ; Graj/, Iland-l. B. i. p. 328, no. 4930 ; Godw.-
Aust. J. A. S.B. xxxix. p. lOO; Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 381 ; Ball,
Str. F. 1873, p. 68 ; Hume, Str. F. 1874, pp. 217, 474 ; Ball, t. c.
p. 404; Hume, Nests i^- Ec/gs Ind. B. p. 198; id. Str. F. 1875,
p. 103 ; Fairb. Str. F. 1876, p. 257 ; Armstr. t. c. p. 322 ; Hume,
t. c. p. 395 ; David ^- Oustal. Ois. Chine, p. 114; Sfiarpe, Tr. Linn.
Soc. n. s. i. p. 325.

Tchitrea casndeocephala, Swinh. Ibis, 1860, p. 57.

Hypothymis azurea, Blyth 4" Wald. B. Burni. p. 131.

Adult male. General colour above azure-blue, rather greyer on the
rump ; wing-coverts like the back, the quills dusky blackish exter-
nally, edged with dull azure-blue, the inner secondaries entirely of
the latter colour ; tail-feathers dusky blackish, dull blue on the
outer webs, with a narrow line of white at the tips, these white
tips sometimes nearly obsolete ; crown of head and sides of head
lighter azure-blue, the feathers with a velvety texture ; a frontal
line and a square patch on the nape black ; chin black ; sides of face
and throat and fore neck light azure-blue, with a band of black
across the latter ; rest of under surface white, washed with greyish
blue on the sides of the body and thighs ; under wing-coverts white,
slightly shaded with grey ; quills blackish below, broadly edged with
white along the inner web ; " bill dark blue, edges and tip black ;
inside of mouth yellow ; legs plumbeous, claws horny ; iris dark

36. HypoTHYMis. 275

brown ; edges of eyelids blue, eyelids plumbeous " (Oates). Total
length 5'8 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 2-8, tail 2-85, tarsus 0-7.

Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above
light earthy brown, the wing-coverts and scapulars slightly washed
with pale azure ; quills light brown, externally edged with ashy,
which has a pale azure shade ; tail-feathers brown, with a blue
shade on the edges of the feathers ; head azure-blue, as also the
throat and fore neck, the blue brighter on the crown and round the
eye ; chest greyer ; rest of under surface of body white, as also the
under wing-coverts and inner lining of the quills. Total length
6'5 inches, wing 2-95, tail 3, tarsus 0-7.

Obs. The female bird above described is from Matheran, and
seems large. A male fx-om the same place has the wing 2*75, the
tail 2*85 inches. The Pegu bird is more like the Malayan H. occi-
pitalis, but has scarcely as much blue shade over the white belly as
in tj^Dical examples ; it is difficult to decide from a single bird, and
Mr. Hume, who has had a large series before him, pronounces Pegu
specimens to be identical with Indian.

Hah. India generally, ranging through the Burmese countries to
Pegu and Tenasserim.

a. Ad. sk. India. Purchased.

b. Ad. sk. Calcutta. Capt. J. Biddulph [0.].
c,d. cj ? ad. ek. Matheran, Bombay, Major J. Hayes Lloyd [C.].

Jan. 1872.

e,f. c? ; ff, h, i. $ ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].
k. S ad. sk. Mahabaleshwm-Hills. Colonel Sturt [P.].

l,m. c? $ fid. sk. Tenasserim. J. CD. Packman, Esq. [P.].

n. S ad. sk. Bassein, Pegu. "VV. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.].

o, p, q. S ad. sk. Sai^n, Cochin M. E. Pierre [P.].

China.

2. Hypothymis occipitalis.

L'Azur a calotte et a collier noir, Levaill. Ois. d^Afr. iv. d. 11.

pi. 153. J V >

Muscicapa cserulea {nee Gm.). Raffl. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 312 ;

Kittl. Kupf. Vog. p. 7, Taf. 9. fig. 1.
Hypothymis cserulea {nee Gm.), Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 273, et 1828,

p. 318 {ex Levaill.) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 320 ; Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i.

p. 56.
Muscicapa occipitalis, Vigors, P. Z. S. 1831, p. 97.
Myiagra azurea {7iec Bodcl), Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 271 ; Pelz.

Beis. Nov., Voff. p. 78 (pt. ).
Myiagra cserulea, Wallace, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 485.
Mviagva tj'tleri, Bearan, Ibis, 1867, p. 324 ; Grag, Hand-l. B. i.

p. 328, no. 4928 ; Hume, 8tr. F. 1874, p. 217.
Hvpotliymis azurea {nee Bodd.), Walden, Ibis, 1872, p. 102; Salvad.

'Ucc. Born. p. 133; Walden, Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 182; Oates, Str. F.

1877, p. 149 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1877, p. 18 ; id. Tr. Linn. Soc. n. s.

i. p. 325; Tweeddale, P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 693, 760, 825, et 1878,

p. 284.

Adult male. Above rich deep azure-blue, brighter on the head,
where the feathers are of a velvety texture ; a frontal line, chin, and

276 MUSCICAPID.E.

a nuchal patch black ; wing-coverts like the back ; quills and tail-
feathers blackish, externally washed with blue ; sides of face and
entire throat rich azure-blue, with a black collar across the fore
neck ; rest of under surface greyish purple, overlying the dull white
on the breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts ; thighs purplish ;
under wing-coverts greyish purple overlying the white like the
flanks ; quills black below, ashy along the inner web ; " bill blackish
blue ; iris dark brown " {Everett)*. Total length 5-8 inches, culmen
0"5, wing 2-7, tail 2-6, tarsus 0"6.

Adult female. Differs from the male as does the female of H.
azurea : i. e. it has the back brown, with the head duU azure, the
black nape-spot being absent. It is of a darker brown than the
female of H. azurea, and has the whitish abdomen overspread with
a shade of bluish grey.

06s. It will be a matter of opinion whether this is really a distinct
species, or whether it should be considered merely a race of H.
azurea. Specimens from the same locality vary considerably as
regards the white on the abdomen ; some of them have this part
blue, but paler than the breast. Those which exhibit this character
in the most marked degree are the birds from the Andamans — Hy-
pothymis tytJeri (Beavan) ; but on this point see Mr. Hume's careful
observations (S. F. 1874, p. 217). He finds that the majority of
the Andaman birds are different from the Indian, but that occa-
sionally they show more or less of an approach to the latter. This
is exactly my experience with regard to the Indo-Malayau indivi-
duals ; and certainly those from Flores are whiter below than usual ;
they also occasionally want the nape-spot and prtepectoral collar.

I may here add a word as to my reason for applying the name of
azurea to the Indian bird instead of to the Philippine, as Muscicapa
azurea, Bodd., is founded on the " Gobe-mouches bleu des Philip-
pines "' of Daubenton's plate. As the white belly is the character hy
which the two species are distinguished, and as this is shown clearly
in the plate, I have adopted it, believing that the locality assigned
is erroneous. The description mentions a slight shade of blue on the
underparts ; but this is also seen in the Indian bird. Those ornitho-
logists who prefer the correctness of the locality to that of the
drawing, must adopt the name of Hypothymis caruleocephala (Sykes)
for the Indian species.

Hub. Andaman and Nicohar Islands, Malayan peninsula, Java,
Sumatra, Borneo, Philippine Islands, Formosa.

«. cJ ad. sk. Port Blair, S. Andamans, July 9, R. B. Sharps, Esq. [P.].

1S73 {Capt. Wimberley).
b. cJ ad. sk. Malacca. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

* The above soft parts are from a Bornean skin. Mr. Everett procured four
specimens in the island of Luzon, and gives the following notes {cf. Tweeddale,
P. Z. S. 1877, p. 693) : — Male. Iris chocolate-brown : hill blue, tip black ; inte-
rior of gape pale yellow-green ; legs lead-blue ; nails black. Female. Iris dark
chocolate-brown ; bill and nails black ; legs dark grey.

36. HYPOTHTMIS. 277

c,d. cJ ; f. 5 id. sk. Kessang, Malacca. M. A. Bouvier.

/. cJ imm. [? 2 ad.] sk. E. Java. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.l.

ff,h. J 2 ad. sk. SiLmatra. A. R. "Wallace, Esq. [0.].

i,k. Ad. .sk. N.W. Borneo. Hugh Low, Esq. [0.1.

I. Ad. sk. Island of Daat. Governor Ussher [C.J.

m. iS ad. sk. Bintuhi, W. Borneo. 11. Everett, Esq. [C.t.

n. d" ad. sk. Sarawak. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

0. c? ad. sk. Sarawak. Henry Everett, Esq.

p. Ad. sk. Island of Basilan. Prof. J. B. Steere [0.

q, r,'.s. (5 ; t, u. 2 ad. sk. Floras. A. R. Wallace, Esq.

V. 2 ad. sk. Lombock. A. R. Wallace, Esq. ^

w. S ad. sk. Formosa, Feb. 1866. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.

X. 2 ad. sk. Formosa, Mar. 1866. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.].

3. Hypothymis ceylonensis.
Myiagra aznrea, Holihw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 440 {nee Bodd.).

Similar to H. azurea of India, but having the black nape-spot less
distinct aud the black collar on the fore ueck entirely absent ; " bill
pale blue ; legs blue ; iris deep brown " {Legge, MS.). Total
length 5'8 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 2'8, taU 2*5, tarsus 0*7.

Hah. Ceylon.

a. 2 ad. sk. Ceylon, Oct. 29, 1870. Capt. Vincent Legge [P.].

b. (S ad. sk. Kandy hills, Ceylon. A. Whyte, Esq. [C.].

4. Hypothymis puella.

Myiagra puella, Wallace, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 4.30 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i.

p. 340, no. 49-31.
Hypothymis pueUa, Walden, Tr. Z. S. virT" p. 66, pi. 7. fig. 2 ;

Salvad. Ann. 3Iiis. Civ. Genov. vii. p. 656.

Adult male. General colour above and below very light azure-
blue, a little paler on the abdomen ; head and nape, lores and
feathers round the eye, cheeks, and fore neck brighter blue ; wing-
coverts like the back ; quills and tail-feathers ashy brown, externally
dull azure-blue : under wing-coverts like the breast, but paler and
somewhat whitish ; " bill blue, the tip blackish ; feet bluish "
{Wallace). Total length 6-8 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 2-9, tail 2-9,
tarsus 0'65.

Ohs. Sula-Island specimens also want the black nuchal patch ;
they are a little deeper azure-blue than the Celebes birds, approaching
more to the tints of the Indo-Malayan H. occipitalis.

Hah. Celebes and Sula Islands.

a. c? ad. sk. Menado, Celebes. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

b, c. (S ad. sk. Makassar, Celebes. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0." .
d, e.. Ad. sk. Sula Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C".
/. Ad. sk. Celebes. Purchased.

278 MascicAPii)^.

5. Hypothjrmis rowleyi.

Zeocephus rowleyi, Meyer, in Rowley's Orn. Misc. vol. iii. p. 163.

Adult (Great Sangi Island; tj'pe of species). General colour
above greyish cobalt-blue, more grey on the rump ; lesser and me-
dian wing-coverts like the back, the greater series and the quills
light bluish grey, edged externally with the same greyish cobalt as
the back of the quills, internally dusky blackish ; tail greyish blue,
dusky blackish on the inner webs ; sides of face more dusky greyish
blue than the head ; cheeks and under surface of body light silvery
bluish, darker on the throat, and more dusky blue on the sides of
the breast ; under wing-coverts and axillaries like the breast.
Total length 6-5 inches, culmen 0-65, wing 3-65, tail 3-6, tarsus 0-95.
{Mus. Dresden.}

Hah. Sangi Islands.

6. Hypothymis superciliaris.

Hypothymis superciliaris, Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. new series, i. p. 326.

Adult male (type of species). General colour above greyish blue
or verditer, the head rather deeper blue, the frontal plumes silvery
cobalt, extending backwards over each eye and forming an eyebrow ;
lores blackish ; sides of face dull blue; throat and chest greyish blue,
lighter than the back, shading into bluish white on the rest of the
under surface, including the under wing- and tail-coverts ; thighs
blue ; wings above brighter cobalt ; quills black, externally bright
cobalt, the inner secondaries almost entirely of this colour with black
shafts ; tail-feathers black, externally bright cobalt, the centre ones
almost entirely of the latter colour ; bill black ; legs dark brown j
" iris dark brown " (Steere). Total length 6*2 inches, culmen 0-6,
wing 3-1, tail 3, tarsus 0-65.

Hab. Island of Basilan, Philippines.

37. CYANOMYIAS.

Hypothymis (pt.), Tweeddale.
Eange. Philippine Islands.

1. Cyanomyias coelestis.

Hypothymis ccelestis, Ttceeddale, Ann. Sr Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xx.
p. 536 ; id. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 109, pi. 7. fig. 1.

Adidt female (type of species). General colour above lazuline
blue, brighter on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; wing-coverts
brighter cobalt, the greater series and the quills dusky brown exter-
nally washed with lazuline blue, brighter on the margins of the
coverts ; tail-feathers ashy brown, azure-blue on the outer webs ;
head brighter and more cobalt-blue, with a slight tinge of purple on
the crown, the feathers scaly in appearance, with two long tufts of

38. CHELIDORHYNX. 279

pointed feathers springing from the hinder part of the crown ; sides
of face and lores turquoise-blue ; cheeks and entire throat rich azure-
blue ; abdomen and under tail-covcrts greyish white, the breast and
sides of the body washed with pale lazuli ne blue, slightly more purple
on the former ; thighs washed with deeper blue ; under wing-coverts
and axillaries ashy, washed with bluish on the edges, the edge of the
wing deep blue ; " bill blue, tipped and margined with black ; interior
of gape yellow-green ; orbital ring light green ; legs grey-blue ; iris
dark brown " (A. Everett). Total length 5-7 inches, culmen 0-45,
wing 2-95, tail 2-S, tarsus 0-6. (2Ius. Marquis of Tweeddale.)
Hub. Island of Dinagat, Philippines.

38. CHELIDORHYNX.

Type.
Ohelidorhynx, Hodgs. P. Z. S. 1846, p. 32 C. hypoxantha

Bill of Oielidorhynx hypoxantha.

Range. Eastern Himalayas ; Khasia hills ; Tonghoo hills in
Burmah.

1. Chelidorhynx hypoxantha.

Rhipidura hvpoxantba, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 935 (1843) ; id. Cat.

B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 205, no. 1239 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259 ; id.

Hand-l. B. i. p. 330, no. 5000.
Chelidorhynx hypoxantha, Hodgs. Drawings, no. 386 {Passei-es, no.

218) ; App. lis in Brit. Mus. Coll.) ; id. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 84 ;

Gray, Cat. Mamm. i^-c. Nepal Coll. Hodgs. p. 49; Bp. Consp. i.

p. 322 ; Horsf. 8,- Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 147 ; Jerd. B.

Ind. i. p. 455, no. 294; Godivin-Amten, J. A. S. B. xxxix. p. 100;

Blyth <^- Wald. B. Burma, p. 132 ; Brooks, Str. F. 1875, p. 234 ;

Hume, Nests and Eggs Ind. B. p. 204.
Chelidorhynx chrysoschistos, Hodgs. P. Z. S. 1845, p. 32.

Adult. General colour above ashy olive, rather more yellowish on
the crown ; forehead and a broad eyebrow bright yellow ; a narrow
frontal line, lores, feathers round the eye, and ear-coverts black, the
last slightly washed with olive ; cheeks and entire under surface of
body bright yellow, including the thighs and under tail-coverts ;
mider wing-coverts whitish, washed with yellow ; wings brown, the
coverts edged with the ashy olive of the back, the quills also nar-
rowly margined with olive, almost obsolete on the primaries, the
inner secondaries with conspicuous white bases to tlie inner webs ;
tail-feathers dusky brown with pure white shafts, all but the centre
feathers tipped with white, which runs a little way up the tip of the
inner web ; " biU black ; legs reddish : iris pale brown " {Jerdon) ;

280

MUSCICAPID^.

" underside of bill orange ; iris umber-brown " (Godwin-Austen).
Total length 4-5 inches, culmen 0'3, wing 2-25, tail 2-25, tarsus 0-6.

Adult female or young '^ Differs from the foregoing description in
having the lores and ear-coverts ashy olive like the crown.

Hetb. The same as that of the genus.

B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].
B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].
J. Fotheringham, Esq. [C.].
Cajjt. Stackhouse Pinwill [P.]-
Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill [P.].

Major Pemberton [C.].
Colonel Godwin-Austen [P.].

a-c. Ad. sk.

d. Juv. [? 2

e. Ad. sk.
/. Ad. sk.
ff, h. Ad. sk.

ad.] sk.

Nepal.

Nepal.

Darjiling.

N.W. Himalayas.

Beween Simla and

i. Ad. sk.
k. Ad. sk.

Mussorie.
Bootan.
Sadhya.

39. TODOPSIS.
Todopsis, B}}. C. R. xxxviii. p. 652 (1854)

Type.
T. cyanoce

Wiug of Todopsis ct/anocephala.

Range. New Guinea, Aru Islands, Mysol, Misori in Geelvink
Bay.

Key to the Species.

a. Under surface dark blue.

a'. Upper back, mantle, and scapulars cobalt-
blue (cyaneous) cyanocephala c? , p- 280.

b'. Mantle and scapulars glossy ultramarine.
a". Upper back ultramarine as well as

mantle bonapartii ^ , p. 281.

b". Only the mantle ultramarine ; upper
back black like the lower back and
rump mysoriensis c? , P- 282.

b. Under surface white; the sides of the body, ^ j^^i^ and allies,

'nghs, and under tail-coverts rufous .... < -^ q t, 9«i

c. Unaer surface entirely white ; back rufous ; , ,, • . , „„„

head cobalt ; tail brown tipped with white < j , ' noA

' ^^ j coronata o , p. 284.

1. Todopsis cyanocephala.

Todus cyanocepbalus, Quay et Gaimard, Voy. de V Astrol. p. 227,
pi. 5. fig. 4.

lid. TODorsis. 281

Muscitode a tete bleue, Hombr. et Jacq. Vutj. Pole Stid, Athnf, pi. I'O.
fig. 2.

Tchitrea ? Cicnileocepliala (lapsu), Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 2(30.

Philentoma cyanocephala, Jacq. et Fticher. Voy. Pule Slid, texte, Zoo!.
iii. p. 70.

Todopsis caeruleocepliala, Bp. C. B. xxxviii. p. 652.

Todop,sis cyanocephala, Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 177 ; td. P. Z. S. 1859,
p. 156, et 1861, p. 434; id. Cat. Mamm. <yc. New Guinea, p. 27;
Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 168 ; Sclater,P. Z. S. 1873, p. 696; Meyer,
Sifz. k. Akad. Wien, Ixix. pp. 74, 78 ; Salvad. Ann, Mus. Civic,
Ge)iov. viii. p. 398, x. p. 148 ; Gould, B. New Guinea, part viii.

Tcbitrea cyauocepliala, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 334, no. 5031.

Adult male. Crown of head bright turquoise-blue, extending in a
narrow band down the nape and hind neck ; lores and a narrow
frontal band, feathers above the eye, sides of face and of neck, and
hinder neck velvety black ; middle of the back and scapulars bright
cobalt, as also the lessor wing-coverts ; greater and primary-coverts
black, externally edged with purple ; quills black, the secondaries
extern idly bright cobalt, the innermost puqilish blue ; entire back
from below the mantle velvety black, with a slight purple gloss ;
upper tail-coverts deep purple ; tail-feathers black, duU blue on the
outer webs, the two centre feathers entirely shaded blue ; cheeks
and entire under surface of. body dark purple ; under wing-coverts
black ; bill, feet, and iris black (D'Albertis), Total length 6 inches,
culmen 0*65, wing 2'35, tail 2'4, tarsus 1.

Adult female. General colour above chestnut-brown, the wing-
coverts like the back ; quills dark brown, externally edged with
chestnut ; crown of head bright turquoise-blue, extending in a band
down the nape ; a narrow frontal line, lores, sides of face, and sides
of the hinder crown purplish black ; cheeks and throat dull cobalt ;
lower throat, breast, and centre of the body dull creamy white, the
lower throat laterally cobalt ; sides of bodj', flanks, thighs, and
under tail-coverts chestnut, glossed with lilac on the sides of the
upper breast ; under wing-coverts chestnut, the outer lower coverts
butfy white, as also the edge of the wing ; lower surface of quiUs
dark brown, edged with rufous along the inner web ; tail light
indigo, waved across with dusky lines under certain lights, all the
feathers rather broadly tijjped with white ; bill black ; feet dark
brown in skin. Total length 5*2 inches, culmen 0'65, wing 2-25,
tail 2'35, tarsus 0-95.

Hab. !New Guinea.

«, 6. c? $ sk. New Guinea. A. R. Wallace, Esq. f^^.l.

e, d. c? sk. Dorey, 1858. A. K. Wallace, Esq 'C,].

e. $ juv. sk. New Guinea. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

2. Todopsis honapartii.

Todopsis cvanocephala, Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 177, i)!. 134 fnec Q.

et G.).
Todopsis bonapiutii, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 156, et 1861, p. 434; Finsch,

Nen-Guinva, p. 1()8 : Meyer, Sitz. k.'Akad, Wien, Ixix. p. 78:

VOL. IV, u

282 MUSCICAPIDJ2.

Sluirpe, Joiini. Liicn. Soc. xiii. pp. 310, 493 ; Gould, B. New Guinea,

part viii.
Todopsis cferulescens, Rosetih. J. f. 0. 1864, p. 120.
Todopsis, sp., Salvad. Ann. Miis. Civic. Genov. ix. p. 25.
Tcliitrea bonapartii. Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 334, no. 5032.

Adult male. CroAvii of head bright cobalt, of au enatuelled texture,
running in a narrow lino down the nape ; a narrow frontal line,
lores, feathers above and below the eye, cheeks, oar-coverts, sides of
neck, and hinder neck black (the latter washed with purple) ; mantle,
scapulars, and lesser wing- coverts puqjlish cobalt ; the greater series
of coverts and inner secondaries black, externally edged with
purple ; primaries black, with scarcely any purple edgings ; back
velvety black, glossed with purple, the upper tail-coverts of the last-
named colour ; tail-feathers purplish black, inclining to duller black
on the iuner webs ; entire under surface of body deep purple, much
brighter on the breast and flanks ; under wing-coverts black, glossed
with puq)le. Total length 5*8 inches, culmen 0-65, wing 2-3, tail
2"5, tarsus 0'95.

Adult female. Crown of head cobalt, extending in a rather narrow
line down the nape ; a narrow frontal line, lores, sides of face,
including a narrow eyebrow, and the sides of the hinder crown and
nape purplish black : upper surface of body maroon-chestnut, as also
the scapulars and wing-coverts, some of the outermost coverts of the
thumb spotted with lilac : quills dark brown, externally edged with
rufous like the back, the secondaries tijjped with pale rufous ; tail-
feathers duU indigo, obscurely washed under certain lights and
broadly tipped with white ; entire throat purplish blue, descending
onto the sides of the chest : centre of the fore neck, chest, and
middle of the body white, the sides of the body hght maroon -chest-
nut, including the thighs and under tail-coverts : the sides of the
upper breast distinctly glossed with lilac : under wing-coverts very
light rufous, paler on the lower series, a spot on the edge of the
wing cobalt-blue; "biU black; feet dusky olive ; iris dark"(rrrtZ-
lace). Total length 5-9 inches, culmen 0-65, wing 2-25, tail 2-65,
tarsus 0'9.

Huh. Aru Islands.

a,h. c? 2 ad. sk. Aru Islands, A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

(Types of species.)

c. c? ad. sk. Aru Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

d. 2 juv. sk. Aru Islands. A. li. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

3. Todopsis mysoriensis.

Todopsis mysoriensis, Meyer, Sitz. k. Akad. Wien, Ixix. p. 7; Salvad.
Ann. Mt(s. Civic. Genov. ix. p. 25.

Adult male (Kordo, Misori, Beccari). General colour above glossy
ultramarine-blue, the whole of the back except the mantle velvety
black ; upper tail-coverts deep ultramarine ; tail dark blue ; wings
black, the inner secondaries externally dark blue, the innermost
entirely of the latter colour; Aving-coverts dark blue; crown rich

30. TODOPsis. 283

cobalt-blue, narrowing on the nape: a frontal bund, sides of face,
sides of crown, and nape black, extending in a narrow collar round
the hind neck : entire under surface of body deep blue, brighter on
sides of breast and flanks ; under wing-coverts black, slightly shaded
with blue ; cjuills black, edged with ashy brown along the inner
web. Total length 5 inches, culmen 0'65, wing 2-3, tail 2*5,
tarsus 0*9. (Mus. Civic. Genov.)

Adult female (Kordo, Misori, Beccari). General colour above ma-
roon-brown, the wings like the back ; quills dark brown, externally
like the back, the edges to the primaries somewhat paler ; tail deep
blue, tipped with white ; crown of head ultramarine ; forehead,
sides of crown, sides of face, and neck black, slightly shaded with
blue, more distinct on the hind neck ; chin and upper throat deep
blue ; remainder of under surface white, the sides of the body,
thighs, and under tail-coverts light maroon, shaded with lilac on the
sides of the fore neck ; under wing-coverts paler maroon ; quills duU
brown below, edged with light rufous on the inner web. Total
length 5 inches, wing 2-2, tail 2-3, tarsus 0*9. Qlus. Civic.
Genov.)

Hub. Island of Misori, in the Bay of Geelvink.

•i. Todopsis wallacii.

Todopsis wallacii, Gray, P. Z. S. 1861, pp. 429, -4.34, pi. 43. fig. 2 :
Fi)isch, Neii-Guinea, p. 108; Meyer, iiitz. k. Akad. Wien, Ixix.
p. 81 ; Gould, B. Neic Guinea, part viii.

Tchiti-ea wallacii. Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 334, no. 5033.

Adult. Crown of head cobalt, each feather with a mesial streak of
silvery blue, and all black at the bases ; entire back orange-chestnut,
duller on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; wing-coverts brown, the
least ones washed with orange-chestnut, the median and greater
series broadly tipped with white, the latter scries also externally
edged with the same ; quills brown, externally washed with olive-
brown ; tail brown, all the feathers tipped with white ; lores and a
ring of feathers round the eye white ; below the front of the eye a
blackish spot ; sides of head above the ear-coverts black, as also the
hinder part of the cheeks ; ear-coverts elongated, pure white ;
throat and under surface of body pure white, including the under
wing- and tail-coverts : thighs dusky blackish. Total length 4-4:
inches, culmen 0-Go, wing 1-95, tail 1-95, tarsus 0-8.

Obs. Two other specimens measure as follows : —

Total length. Culmen. Wing. Tail. Tarsus,
in. in. in. in. in.

a. Mysol ( Wallace) . .

b. Mysol ( Wallace) . .

As none of the above specimens agree exactly with Mr. Gray's
measurements, I caunot say which is the typical one : but it is not the
specimen marked <•, which is the bird spoken of by Mr. Gray {I. c.) as
tiie noumj. It differs from the bird described in having the throat
buff instead of white, while, from its having smaller white tips to

v2

4-6

0-65

1-9

2-0

U-75

4-5

0-65

1-9

l-So

0-75

■284 MUSCICAPIDiE.

the wing-coverts, less blue on the head, and less developed plumes
on the ear-coverts, it may be an immature example.
Hub. Mysol.

a. (S ad. sk. Mysol. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

b. Ad. sk. Mysol, A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

(Type of species.)

c. Jun. sk, Mysol. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

5. Todopsis corouata.

Todopsis corouata, Gould, Birds of New Guinea, part viii.

Adult. Similar to T. wallacii ; but having the blue tips to the
feathers of the crown smaller and rounded iu shape instead of lan-
ceolate, and having also a distinct black streak under the eye.

Hah. Aru Islands.

a. Ad.sk. Aru Islands (FoM i^osewJtr//). Leyden Museum [P.].

40. CHENORHAMPHUS.

Todopsis, pt., Wallace et auct. Type.

Chenorhamphus, Onstalet, Bull. Assoc. Scient. de Frarice,

no. 533 (1878) C. grayi.

Range. Confined to North-western New Guinea.
1. Chenorhamphus grayi.

Todopsis gi'ayi, Wallace, P. Z. <S'. 18G2, p. 16G; Fiiisch, Neu-Guinea,

p. 168; Beccari, Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 709; Meyer, Sitz.

k. Akad. Wien, Ixix. pp. 81, 212 ; Gould, B. Neiv Guinea,

part \'iii.
Myiagra glauca, Scldcc/el, JV. T. D. iv. p. 41.
Todopsis sericyanea, JRoseiib.

Tchitrea grayi, Grat/, Hand-l. B. i. p. 334, no. 5034.
Tchitrea sericyanea, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 334, no. 5035.
Chenorhamphus cyanopoctus, Onstalet, Bull. Assoc. Sci. France, no.

533 (1878) ; Salvad. Ibis, 1879, p. 106.
Chenorhamphus grayi, S/iarjw, Notes Leyden 3fus. vol. i. no. 10, p. 31.

Adult (type of species). General colour above dull blue, brighter
and more cobalt on the lower back and rump ; wing-coverts brown,
slightly washed externally with olive and tipped with dull verditer-
blue ; quills brown, broadly washed externally with olivaceous
brown; tail-feathers brown, externally bluish, slightly washed with
olivaceous on the margins and tipped with white ; head dull greyish
blue, inclining to ashy verditcr above the eyes and on the sides of
the crown ; feathers in front of the eye blackish, as also a broad
streak above the ear-coverts ; round the eye a circlet of verditer
feathers ; ear-coverts verditer-blue, the feathers rather elongated
and streaked with brighter cobalt ; cheeks and throat silvery whitish
with a bluish gloss, the rest of the under surface pale ashy blue,
washed with a cobalt shade ; under wing-coverts like the breast ;

42. MALURUS. 285

thighs olivaceous brown. Total length 5-7 inches, culmen 0-7,
wing 2-55, tail 2-5, tarsus 1.

Bab. North-western New Guinea.

a. Ad. sk. Mountains of Sorong, N.W. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].
New Guinea. (Tj-pe of species.)

41. CLYTOMYIAS. ,p_

Clytomyias, Sharpe, Kofes Leyden Museum, i. no. 10, p. 30. C. insignis.
Range. Confined to North-western New Guinea.

1 . Clyiomyias insignis.

Clytomyias insignis, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mus. i. no. 10, p. 30.

Adult female (type of species). General colour above ashy with
an olive wash, the upper tail-coverts tipped with ochraceous buff ; tail-
feathers brown, edged with ochraceous buff, the outer feathers with
pale tips of the same colour ; least wing-coverts ochraceous brown,
the greater and median series dusky brown, with edgings of dull
ochraceous buff, the quUls dusky brown, externally margined with
rufous ; crown of head and nape chestnut, as well as the sides of
the face, cheeks, and ear-coverts ; lores slightly fulvescent ; throat
white, the rest of the under surface creamy buff, the flanks deeper
fulvous, the sides of the upper breast darker and more olive : thighs
chestnut ; under tail-covcrts dusky with chestnut tips : under wing-
coverts fawn-colour : quills dusky brown below, with rufous lining
to the inner webs. Total length 5-3 inches, culmen 0*6 long, 0*25
wide, wing 2-15, tail 2-7, tarsus 0-9. {Mns. Lagd.)

Hah. Tjobonda, Mount Arfak, Feb. 18, 1876 {Bndjn).

42. MALURUS. ^^

Mahu'us, Vieill. Analyse, p. 44 (1816) M. cyaneus.

Bill (if Maiurus amabilis.
Range. Confined to Australia and New Guinea.

Key to the Species.
a. Head blue.

«'. With no red on the upper surface.
a". Throat blue-black ; upper tail-coverts
black.
a'". Smaller; wing I'Oo inch: head, ear-
coverts, and mantle turquoisine blue,
the mantle less extended than in the
next species eyaneus, p. 28U.

286

MUSCICAPIDJK.

h'". Larger ; wiug 2'L5 inches : head, ear-
coverts, and mantle rich cobalt-Mue,

the mantle more extended youhli, p. 287.

//'. Throat blue ; upper tail-coverts blue.
c'". Scapulars blue or black, edged with
blue ; wing-coverts bro^vn with bluish
edges ; no white shoulder-spot.
«■*. A black bar across the rump, this
and the lower back being black.
«'. Crown of head and mantle deep
cobalt-blue ; ear-coverts turquoise-
blue melanotus, p. 288.

b^. Crown of head and mantle greenish
turquoise-blue ; forehead and ear-
coverts silvery whitish callaiiius, p. 289.

b*. No black bar across the rump, the

upper surface entii-ely rich cobalt . . spkndens, p. 289.
d'". Scapulars, wing-coverts, and inner
secondaries pure white.

c*. Centre of back blue Imcopterus, p. 290.

d*. Centre of back white leuconotus, p. 291.

c". Throat creamy white, a little lighter than , ^,,^^j .^.^ . 293.

the rest of the under surface j ^j,yp„i,J^,^ l^l^^y

b'. Scapulars chestnut-red.

d". Back beautiful silvery blue, a little lighter

than the eyebrow or ear-coverts elegnns, p. 291.

e". Back fine cobalt-blue, of a different tint
to the eyebrow or crown.
e"'. Ear-coverts and eyebrow turquoise-
blue, richer than the blue of the nape . lamberti, p. 292.
/'". Ear-coverts and eyebrow rich enamel-
led blue, only a little brighter than
the hinder crown and nape, which in-
cline to ultramarine amabtlis, p. 293.

f". Centre of back purplish blue like the

crown, the ear-coverts more cobalt .... pulclierrimus, p. 294.

b. Head lilac, with a black spot in the centre of

the crown coronalus, p. 295.

c. Head black, as also the entire under sui'face.
c'. Back red.

ff". Back scarlet-vermilion melanocephalus, p. 296.

h". Back deep crimson dorsalis, p. 296.

d'. Back black ; wing-coverts white, forming a

conspicuous shoulder-patch of white albiscapulatus, p. 297.

1. Malurus cyaneus.

Superb Warbler, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. 2, p. 501, pi. 53 ; Phillips,

Voy. Botany Bay, pp. 157, 159.
Motacilla cyanea, Ellis, Narr. Voy. Capt. Cook, Sfc, p. 22 ; Gm. Syst.

Nat. I. p. 991.
Motacilla suporba, Shaw, in White's Journ. Voy. N, S. W. p. 256, cum

fig. super. ; id. Nat. Misc. i. pi. 10.
Sylvia cyanea. Lath. Itid. Orn. ii. p. 545.
Malurus cyaneus, Vieilt. Analyse, p. 44; Gotdd, Syn. B. Ausfr. part i. ;

42. MALUKUS. 287

id. B. Austr. folio, iii. pi. 18; Jard. ^ Selby, III. Orn. ii. pi. 73.
Hg. 3; Graif, Gen. B. i. p. 1U5; Bp. Vonsp. i. p. 218; Cab. 3Ius.
Hein. Th. i. p. 41 ; lleichmh. ViUj. Neuholl. pp. 95, 290 ; Gould,
Handh. B. Austr. i. p. 317 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 204, no. 2876;
I)i(/(/les, Orn. Austr. pi. 44. fig. 5 ; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. JV. S. W.
ii. p. 184.
Malurus superbus, Pelz. Ibis, 1870, p, 111.

Achdf male. Crown of head light turquoisino blue ; the lores,
feathers in front of and above the eye, sides of crown, sides of neck,
and hind neck velvety blue-black ; mantle turquoisino blue of the
same tint as the head ; scapulars and remainder of back black ;
wangs brown, the quilb with lighter edges ; upper tail-coverts
velvety blue-black ; tail-feathers black, washed with deep purple,
the lateral ones slightly tipped with white ; feathers below the eye
and ear-coverts turquoise-blue ; cheeks, throat, and breast velvety
blue-black : centre of the body whitish, the sides of the body, flanks,
and under tail-coverts fulvous-brown, the breast strongly washed
with blue where it adjoins the blue-black throat and chest ; thighs
fulvous-brown ; under wing-coverts and axiUaries ochraceous buft" ;
"bill black; feet brown; iris blackish brown" (Gould). Total
length 4-5 inches, culmeu 0-45, wing 1-95, tail 2*2, tarsus 0-9.

Female. Has the lores and a circle surrounding the eye reddish
brown ; npper surface, wings, and tail brown ; under surface
brownish white; bill reddish brown ; feet fleshy brown. (Gould.)

Hab. Eastern Australia, from Port Denison southwards ; South
Australia.

a. S <id. sk. Australia.

b. (S ad. St. Australia. Piu-chased.

c. cJ ad. St. New South Wales. J. Gould, Esq.

2. Malurus gouldi.

Malurus longicaudus, Gmdd,P. Z. S. 1837, p. 148 (nee Tennn. Man.
(TOrn. 1820, p. Ixviii) * ; id. B. Austr. folio, iii. pi. 19; Gray,
Gen. B. i. p. 165 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 218 ; Beichenb. Vix/. Neuholl.
pp. 96, 290 ; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 320; Gray, 'Hand-l. B.
i. p. 204, uo. 2877 ; Digqlcs, Orn. Atistr. pi. 44. fig. 0 ; Ramsay, Pr.
Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 184.

Adult male. Crown of head rich turquoise-blue of an enamelled
texture ; in front of the eye a black spot ; sides of crown, sides of
neck, and a broad collar I'ound the hind neck velvety blue-black ;
the whole of the mantle and upper back enamelled turquoise-blue ;
scapulars, lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts velvety blue-
black ; wings brown, the least wing-coverts and a few of the outer
greater coverts externally greyish blue, the median coverts dull
blue, the primaries with whity brown margins ; tail-feathers dark
ultramarine, with narrow white tips, becoming broader on the outer
ones : feathers below the eye, ear-coverts, and a tuft of plumes on
the hinder cheeks enamelled turquoisc-blue like the head ; cheeks,

» Cf. Sundev. Ann. Nat. H. xviii. p; 252.

2SS

MUSCICAPID^K,

throat, and breast velvety blue-black, the feathers on the sides of
the upper breast tipped with turquoise-blue ; centre of the body
below whitish, the tianks, sides of bod)-, and thighs fulvous-brown ;
under wing-coverts and axillarics fulvescent ; quills brown below,
nnrrowly edged with whitish along the inner web; "bill black;
feet brown; iris blackish brown" (Gould). Total length 5-5
inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2-15, tail 2-65, tarsus 0-95.

Adult female. General colour above rusty brown, darker brown
on the head ; wings dark brown, the coverts and secondaries edged
with the same brown as the back, the margins to the primaries
much paler ; tail-feathers dull blue, the outer ones slightly tipped
with white ; lores and feathers round the eye rufous ; ear-coverts
brown, washed with rufous ; cheeks and under surface of body diill
white, the flanks, thighs, and under tail-coverts fulvous-brown ;
under wing-coverts and axillaries yellowish buif, the small ones
near the edge of the wing brown with whitish edges ; qiiiUs brown
below, fulvescent along the inner web ; " bill reddish brown ; feet
fleshy brown" (Gould). Total length 5-1 inches, culmen 0*45,
wing 2-2, tail 3, tarsus 1.

Hab. Tasmania and the islands of Bass's Straits (Goidd). South
Australia and Victoria (RamscDj).

a. Pull. St. Tasmania.

b, c. cJ ad. ; d. ^ juv. st. Tasmania. J. Gould, Esq. [C.].
e. 2 ad. ,sk. Tasmania. J. Gould, Esq. [C.J.

/) ff- 2 ad. st. Tasmania. Ronald Gunn, Esq. [P.l

h, i. ^ ad. sk. Tasmania, Antarctic Expedition [C.].

/', /. c? ad. sk. Tasmania. J. B. Jukes, Esq. [P.].

3. Malurus melanotus.

Malurus melanotus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 163 ; id. B. Austr. fol.
iii. pi. 20; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 165 ; Bp. Co/isp. i. p. 218; ReicJwnb.
Voff. Nndwll. pp. 98, 291 ; Goidd, Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 322 ;
Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 204, no. 2878 ; Biyyles, Orn. Austr. pi. 44.
fig. 4 ; Bamsay, Br. Linn. Sue. N. S. W. ii. p. 184.

Adidt male. Head and nape rich enamelled cobalt-blue, inclining
to turquoise-blue at the base of the forehead and round the eye-
feathers, in front of the latter black ; sides of crown and sides of
neck black, extending in a tolerably defined collar round the hinder
neck, and separating the crown from the rest of the back, which is
also rich enamelled cobalt-blue ; lower back and rump velvety
black ; upper tail- coverts cobalt-blue, the longer ones deeper blue ;
tail-feathers dull blue, tipped with white, more broadly on the outer
ones, which are also edged with white along their outer webs ;
scapulars and wing-coverts dull brown, edged with dingy greenish
blue ; quills brown, edged with a little brighter blue, some of the
inner secondaries entirely blue ; ear-coverts and tuft on the hinder
check bright turquoise-blue, contrasting with the blue of the crown ;
throat and breast cobalt-blue, the feathers on the sides of the latter
black with broad blue ends ; flank-feathers blackish, with whitish
."haft-lines and blue tips : centre of the body, thighs, and under
tail-coverts dull whitish ; under wing-coverts and axillaries fulvous ;

42. MALURUS. 289

quills dark brown below, light fulvous along the inner webs ; •' bill
black; iris and legs blackish brown" {Gould). Total length 4-8
inclies, culmcn U-4, wing 1-95, tail 2-4, tarsus 0-8.

Female. Has the lores and circle surrounding the eye reddish
brown; all the upper surface brown; under surface brownish
white : wiugs brown ; tail green, each feather slightly tijiped with
white ; bill reddish brown ; feet brown. ( Gould.)

Nab. Australia : Interior Province, Victoria, and South Australia.

fi, b, c. tS ad. St. Interior of South Australia. Capt. Start [P.l

d. cS ad. sk. Interior of South Austi'alia. Capt. Sturt [P.]!

4. Malurus caUainus.
Malurus callainus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 302 ; id B. Austr. folio,

^ ll 2''^p.-^'''i-J- ^- ^- P- 20^; no. 2891; Ramsay, P>: Linn.
Sac. iV; S. W. u. p. 184.

Adult male (type of species). Crown of head most delicate tur-
quoisine blue of a silvery lustre, a little more cobalt on the edges of
the crown ; mantle also turquoisine blue, separated from the blue
crown by a black velvety collar round the hind neck, which extends
down the sides of the neck and joins the hinder part of the eye
above the ear-coverts ; scapulars black, edged with cobalt-blue ;
wings light brown, the inner greater and median coverts washed
with blue, the primaries narrowly edged with greenish blue ; lower
back and rump velvety black ; upper tail-coverts turquoisine blue ;
tail blue, with transverse vermiculations under certain lights aU
the feathers tipped with white : in front of the eye a black spot ;
feathers below the eye and ear-coverts pale silvery blue ; cheeks and
throat deep cobalt ; below the latter a black collar, extending on the
sides of the neck so as to join the black collar on the hind neck •
rest of under surface of body lighter cobalt, the lower abdomen
huffy white ; thighs and lower flanks fulvous-brown ; under wino-
coverts and axillaries yellowish buff; quills brown below, fulvescent
along the inner web. Total length 4-6 inches, culmen 0-4 wing 2
tail 2-3, tarsus 0-9. {Mus. J. Gould.) ' '

Hab. Interior of South Australia.

5. Malurus splendens.

Saxicola splendens, Quay et Gaim. Toy. de I'Astr., Zool i n 197
pi. 10. fig. 1. ^" '

Malurus pectoralis, Gmdd, P. Z. S. 183.3, p. 106; id. Si/n. B. Amtr
part 1. J •

IMalurus splendens, Gmdd, B. Austr. folio, iii. pi. 21 ; Gray, Gen B
1. p. 1G.J ; Bp. Comp. i. p. 218 ; Cab. Mus. Hein. Th 'i p 41 '•
Beichenb. T'oy. XeulwU. pp. 98, 291 ; Gould, Handb. B. Austr {
^; :? '^ ^>"y>^^""^-^- ^ J- P- 204, no. 2379 ; mgylcs, Orn. Amtr.
pi. 44. fig. 1 ; Bamsay, Pr. Linn. Sac. JV. S. W. ii. p. 184.

Adult male. General colour above rich enamelled cobalt, the sca-
pulars exactly like the back ; wings brown, the coverts externally

290 MUSCICAl'ID.E.

rich blue or greenish l)lue, the quills edged with greenish bine ;
upper tail-coverts exactly like the back; tail-feathers bluish, washed
with brighter blue on the edges, the feathers slightly tipped with
bluish Avhite ; fore part of crown a little brighter and more turquoise-
blue, as also the feathers over the eye ; in front of the eye a black
spot ; sides of the crown black, extending from the hinder part of
the eye above the ear-coverts, and joining a broad collar across the
hinder neck, and occupying the sides of the neck ; feathers below
the eye and the entire ear-coverts bright turquoise-blue, contrasting
with the head and back ; entire under surface of body rich cobalt, a
little deeper on the throat, with a broad black collar across the fore
neck, running up onto the sides of the neck behind the ear-coverts ;
thighs washed with greenish blue ; under wing-coverts fulvous, the
edge of the wing blue ; quills dusky brown below, ashy whitish
along the inner web ; " bill black ; iris and feet blackish brown "
(Gould). Total length 4-6 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2-05, tail 2-5,
tarsus 0"95,

AduU female. Different from the male. Above ashy brown, rather
lighter brown on the sides of the neck ; quills dark brown, with
whity -brown edges ; tail dull greenish blue, with narrow white tips ;
lores and feathers round the eye rufons ; car-coverts light brown,
with narrow hair-like shaft-lines of whitish ; under surface of body
entirely white, the sides of the body ashy brown, as also the thighs ;
under wing-coverts and axUlaries buff ; quills brown below, fulve-
scent along the inner web; "bill reddish brown" (Gould). Total
length 4-8 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2*05, tail 2-75, tarsus 0-95.

ifab. West Australia.

a. c? ad. St. Australia. Purchased.

b. cJ ad. st. ? South Australia. Sir George Grey [P.].
c,d. (5 $ ad. st. West Australia. J. Gould, Esq. [C.].
e. J imm. st. Canning's River, W. Australia. J. Gould, Esq. [C.].

6. Malurus leucopterus.

Malurus leucopterus, Query et Gaim. Voy. de V Uraine, Zool. p. 108,

pi. 23. fig. 2 ; Vig. H,- Horsf. Tr. Linn. Sac. xv. p. 222 ; Gould, B.

Austr. folio, iii. pi. 25 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 05 ; Bp. Cotisp. i. p. 218 ;

Reichenh. Vog. Neidtoll. pp. 99, 291 ; Gotdd, Handh. B. Austr. i.

p. 330 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 204, no. 2886 ; Rainsay, Pr. Linn.

Sac. N. S. W. ii. p. 184.
Amytis leucopterus. Lesson, Traite, p. 454.
Malurus cyanotus, Gmild, Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 331.

Adidt male. General colour above deep cobalt-blue from the
forehead to the tail; scapulars, all the inner coverts and inner
secondaries pure white ; outer coverts brown, washed with blue ;
quills light brown, the primaries edged with greenish blue, the
secondaries with brighter blue where they adjoin the inner white
plumes ; tail-feathers dark blue, the outer ones slightly shaded with
lighter blue towards the base and tipped with white ; sides of face,
sides of neck, and entire under surface of body deep cobalt-blue

42. MALtJRUS. 291

like the upper surface ; thighs duskj- browu ; on the sides of the
upper breast a small tuft of white plumes adjoining the white
shoulder-spot ; under wing-coverts duU white with dusky bases,
the axillaries more fawn-coloured ; quills brown below/whitish
along the edge of the inner web ; " bUl black ; feet brown ; iris dark
brown_ (Gould). Total length 4-5 inches, culmen 0-35, wing 1-85
tail 2-0, tarsus 0-8.

Female Crown of head and all the upper surface and flanks
brown ; throat and abdomen white, faintly washed with brown •
external edges of the primaries and tail pale greenish blue; bill
reddish brown. ((?ot«7(7.) re , u n

Younrimah. Resembles the female, and gains the adult pluma-e
by a moult ; the white inner secondaries are washed with brown on
tneir nrst appearance.

lif- Australia : New South Wales ; Interior Province : Victoria •
West Australia. '

Australia.

J. Gould, Esq. [C.].
Sir George Grey [P.].
Oapt. Sturt [P.i.
J. Gould, Esq. [C.].

7. Malurus leuconotus.

Malurus leucouotus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 198; id. Handb B

i^lV-^h! ' fJn ^'l'^''- ^°^°' *'^^^^^- Pl- 24; Grav, Hand-L
184 206 "°' ' ^"'"^''i/. I'r- Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. pp.

Mult male. General colour above and below rich cobalt-blue the
teathers of the mantle greyish white, tipped with blue; centre of
the back white; scapulars, wing-coverts, and inner secondaries
snow-white ; the coverts near the edge of the wing brown, washed
with blue ; quills brown, washed with grevish blue on the outer
webs ; the innermost secondaries pure white, the outer ones brown
on the inner web, white on the external one ; tail-feathers blue
with a narrow edging of white on both webs : thighs fulvous-brown •
under wing-coverts fulvous, with duskv bases ; quills browu below'
fulvescent along the inner web ; " bill black ; feet brownish black "
(ijrovM). lotal length 4-5 inches, culmen 0-35, wing 1-9 tail 2-4.5
tarsus 0-8. ' '

Hab. Interior of South Australia.

Ad. sk.

Australia.

6 juv. St.

Australia.

S ad. St.

South Australia.

(5 ad. sk.

Interior of South Australia.

(S ad. St.

West Australia.

«• Ad. sk. Austraha.

Purchased.

8. Malurus elegans.

Mahu-us elegans, Gordd, B. Amtr. folio, iii. pi. 22 ; Grmi, Gen B i
P- ^^''^,^P: '^""■'P- i- P- 218; Cab. Mus. IMn. Th. i. p 41.'
i;«o-^.«6 Xoy. A>./,o//. pp. 100 291 ; Gould, Handb. B Austr. i.

pi. 44. fig. 2; Bamsatf, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 184.

292 MUsciCAPiDJi:.

Maluru8 pidcherrimus (m'c Guttld), Gray, Iluml-I. B. i. p. 204, uu.
2881 (specimens examined).

Adult male. Crown of head diill blue, the forehead aud sides of
the crown silvery cobalt-blue, forming- a broad eyebrow ; round the
hind neck a broad black collar, extending onto the sides of the neck
and reaching to the hinder ear-coverts ; mantle and upper back
light silvery cobalt ; scapulars chestnut-red, extending somewhat
over the back, so as to separate the mantle from the back ; wings
brown, the primaries edged with whity brown, the inner greater
coverts and secondaries slightly edged with rufous, the wing-coverts
darker, and the outer ones blackish ; lower back and rump velvety
black ; upper tail- coverts and tail greyish blue, the outer feathers
tipped narrowly with white ; in front of the eye a three-
cornered patch of black ; feathers below the eye and ear-coverts
turquoise-blue ; cheeks, throat, and breast blue-black, with a
slight purplish-blue shade on the sides of the breast ; rest of
under surface bufEy white ; the flanks, sides of body, thighs, and
under tail-coverts fulvous-brovni ; under wing-coverts and axillaries
tawny buflf; quills dark brown below, fulvescent along the edge
of the inner web ; " biU black ; iris and feet blackish brown "
( Gould). Total length 5-5 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 1*95, taU 2-9,
tarsus 1.

Adult female. General colour above rusty brown, the head and
neck more greyish brown ; wings brown, the coverts and quills
dusky brown, edged with the same rusty brown as the back, the
primaries with whity brown ; upper tail-coverts and tail dull greyish
blue, with very small whitish tips to the outer tail-feathers ; in
front of the eye a triangular rufous spot ; ear-coverts greyish brown,
with nearly obsolete whitish shaft-lines ; throat and centre of the
body below dull whitish, washed with greyish brown on the sides of
the neck and breast ; the sides of the body, thighs, and under taU-
coverts fulvous-brown ; under wing-coverts and axillaries tawny
buff; quills dark brown below, fulvescent along the edge of the
inner web. Total length 5-5 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 1-9, tail 2-8,
tarsus 0'85.

Hah. Western Australia.

«, b. ^ 2 8'd- st. Australia.

c,d. cJ 2 ad. St. Australia. Pm'chased.

e. (S ad. St. South Australia. F. G. Moore, Esq. [P.].

/. S juv. sk. West Austi-alia. J. Gould, Esq. [C.J.

9. Malurus lamberti.

Superb Warbler, Shaw, in White s Voy. N. S. Wales, p. 256, fig. inf.

(nee Lath.).
Sylvia cyanea, Lewin, B. New Holl. pi. xv. {nee Lath.).
Malurus lamberti, Vig. 8f Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 221 ; Gould,

<$■(/«. B. Amtr. part i. ; id. B. Amfr. folio, iii. pi. 24 ; Jard. ^ Selby,

III. Orn. ii. pi. 72. fig. 2; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 16.5; Bp. Ccmsp. i.

p. 218 ; Reichenb. Vog. Neuholl pp. 100, 291 ; Gould, Handb. B.

Austr. i. p. 327 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 204, no. 2882 ; Biggies,

42, MALURUS. 293

Orn, Aiistr. pi. 44. fig. .3; Ranisay, Pr. Liim. Sue. N. S. W. ii.
p. 184.

Adult male (t3'pe of species). Head deep cobalt, more brilliant
and inclining to turquoise ou the forehead and eyebrow ; sides of
neck, as well as a collar round the hind neck, deep black ; middle
of the back fine cobalt-blue ; scapulars bright chestnut, generally
overshadowing the back so as to separate the blue mantle from the
blue back ; lower back and rump velvety black ; upper tail-coverts
and tail-feathers dull blue, tipped with white, which increases in
extent towards the outermost ; wings pale brown, the primaries
with lighter brown edges, the innermost greater coverts and secon-
daries slightly edged with rufous ; a three-cornered patch in front
of the eye, cheeks, throat, and breast deep black ; ear-coverts,
feathers in front of and round the eye, and a tuft of plumes on the
hinder cheeks bright turquoise-blue ; feathers on the sides of the
breast tipped with rich purplish blue ; centre of body whitish ; the
flanks, thighs, and under tail-coverts sandy buff, as also the under
wing-coverts, which are rather deeper fulvous ; quills dark brown
below, fulvesceut along the edge of the inner web, the innermost
secondaries margined with nifous ou the inner web ; " bill black ;
feet and iris dark brown " (Gould). Total length 4'8 inches, culmeu
0-45, wing 1-95, tail 2*9, tarsus 0-9.

Female. Has the body dull brown, the throat and under surface
much paler ; tail-feathers as in the male, but less bright ; bill and
space round the eye reddish brown ; feet brown. (Goidd.)

Hah, The whole of Australia with the exception of the Cape-
York peninsula, Port-Essington district, Tasmania, and Western
Australia.

«) b. 6 ^ ad. ,-<k. Austi'aUa. Linnean Society [P.].

(Types of species.)
c. (J ad. sk. Australia. J. Gould, Esq.

il,e. (S $ ad. St. Australia.

10. Malxirus amabilis.

Marulus amabilis, Goiild, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 277; Macgill. Voy. ' Rattk-

snake,' ii. p. 356; Gould, B. Amtr. folio, Suppl. pi. 21 ; ;'(/. Ilandh.

B. Austr. i. p. 328 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 204, no. 2884 ; Ramsay,

Pr. Linn. Sac. N. S. W. ii. p. 184.
Malurus bvpoleucus, Gould, Ann. K. Hist. (3) xix. p. 369 ; id. B.

Austr. folio, Suppl. pi. 22 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 204, no. 2889 ;

Ramsay, Pr, Linn, Hoc. N. S. W. ii. p. 207.

Adult male. Crown of head and nape rich cobalt, the feathers
round the eye, ear-coverts, and a tuft of long plumes on the hinder
part of the cheeks, extending onto the sides of the neck, brighter
and more silvery cobalt, the feathers of an enamelled texture ; hind
neck and sides of neck velvety black, succeeded by a band of deep
cobalt-blue across the upper part of the mantle ; centre of the back
and scapulars conspicuously chestnut-rufous ; this is followed by a
band of bright cyancous across the lower back ; the entire rump

294 MUSCICAPIDJE.

velvety black ; uppei" tail-coverts deep blue, tipped with black ; tail-
feathers deep blue, tipped with white, increasing in extent towards
the outermost, which has the outer web also white ; wings brown,
the least series of coverts edged with blue-black, the inner median
and greater covei'ts, as well as the secondaries, edged with rufous ;
leathers in front of the eye black, forming a triangular patch ;
cheeks, throat, and breast also velvety blue-black ; rest of under
surface white, slightly tinged with buff on the Hanks ; under wing-
coverts and axillaries light fulvous ; quills brown below, fulvesceut
along the edge of the inner web ; " bill black ; iris and feet dark
brown" {Gould). Total length 4-5 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 1-9,
tail 2-4, tarsus 0'85.

Adult female. General colour above deep blue, rather brighter
over the eye ; scapulars ashy brown, shghtly washed with blue ;
wings brown, the least and median coverts with an almost imper-
ceptible wash of blue ; plumes of the bastard wing slightly tipped
with white, the inner greater coverts edged with light brown, the
secondaries with whity brown, the innermost tipped with white ;
tail deep blue, tipped broadly with white, increasing on the outer
feathers, which are also edged with white externally, the last
feather being whoUy white along the outer web ; feathers in front
of the eye and a ring round the latter whitish ; ear-coverts cobalt,
brighter than the head ; cheeks and entire under surface of body
white, washed with fulvous on the breast and sides of the body ;
thighs blackish, tipped with white ; under wing-coverts fulvous ;
quills brown below, fulvous along the edge of the inner web. Total
length 4-9 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 1-9, tail 2-4, tarsus 0-85.

Hub. Cape- York peninsula, extending as far south as Kockingham
Bay ; Gulf of Carpentaria.

a. d" ; 6, c. 5 ad. sk. Cape York. J. Gould, Esq.

d, e. d 2 ^^- sk. Cape York. Purchased.

f. (S ad. sk. Port Albany. Purchased.

11. Malurus pulcherrimus.

Malurus pulcherrinms, Gould, P. Z. S. 1844, p. 106 ; id. B. Austr.

foho, iii. pi. 23 : Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 05 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 218 ;

lleic/ienb. Viii/. Neuholl. pp. 79, 291 ; Gmdd, Handb. B. Austr. i.

p. 327 ; Ramxati, Pr. Limi. Sac. N. S. W. ii. p. 184.
Malurus cajruleicapiUus, " Gotdd'' (ubi?); Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 204,

no. 2883.

Adult male. Crown of head and nape rich purjilish blue, the sides
of the hinder crown, sides of neck, and a collar round the latter
velvety black, separating the crown from the back, which is pui-plish
blue, slightly more lilac than the head, but almost of the same tint
as the latter ; lower back and rump deep blue-black ; upper tail-
coverts and tail-feathers dull blue, the latter tipped with white,
which increases in extent towards the outermost, which is also
•slightly edged with hoary white ; wings light brown, with paler
edges to the quills, the primaries edged narrowly with whity brown.

42. JIALURTJS. 2<Jo

IT% °^-h''' ^f'"* ^'i"g-coverts and innermost secondaries sli<.htlv
edged wUh rufous; scapulars bright chestnut-red, extend^! backl
o\ the 'blue f I'Y:^' ^o separate the blue n.a;tle from t\e rest
ot the blue back; feathers in front of the eye, checks throat ,nrl

?S'rfZn t;''' ^^'" '' ^'^ ^^"^^ tipp^dVithT^lish blu
tcatheis round the eye, ear-coverts, and tuft on the cheeks brio-hf

JJab. West Australia and interior of South AustraKa

''/• ^ ? f- sk. N.W. Australia. J R ETet' F.n rP i

^ '-•d- -l^- Australia. Sir T. Mitchell [P.].-^"

12. Malurus coronatus.
Mahirus coronatus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1857, p 9oi . i^ -n . , ...

. ^*.;< »,«?. (tjpe of species). General colour .bore saodv bpo^„

&^re!!-rzrb;„-^.L.'s-e~
.rr;.:s»s--e:'^^^^^^^^

bik S el '"«• '""■-5°™"-'». »"<! a eollnr round the UnTneck
bljek : cheeks and under surface of bodv huffv irhito ,-„.i.i- .
sandy buff on the side, of the body and S,dcr\^' f„' 'i'"'°".',°

bill black; feet pale brown; "iris brown " (V/.,^»-» T./i i !?/
0-5 inches cubnen 0-5, wing 2-25, tail ^ tirt^^S."^''^ ''"^^'
Adult fanale General colour above sandy brown the crown of
the head a little more ashy brown; least ^ wing coverts Zhtlv
washc;d with ashy broM'n, the remainder dark brown Tnternallve?
tornaUy sandy bro^vn like the back, the secondares .So outwardh:
sandy brown, the primaries margined with wbitv l™ ^

tail-coverts and taU blue, the reSes Led .Sth Jw "^'^'^
broadly on the outer one^, which a^Tls^ThM.^^ I Jj t' oX
web ; lores eyebrow, and a ring round the eve whitish ; ear coverts
maroon ; checks, throat, and centre of abdomen white • Thp r .
and sides of the body shindy buff, as weU as the u^^f ., !;!,^re"
and axillanes: qudls dark brown below, fulvescent along '^he edge

296 MUSCICAI'ID-E.

of the inner web. Total length 5-4 inches, ciiluien 0"5, wing 2, tail
2-7, tarsus U-9.

Hub. N.W. Australia.

a,h. <S 2 ^^ sk. N.W. Auatrcalia. J. R. Elsey, Esq. [P.].

(Types of species.)
c. 2 ad. sk. Robinson's River, N.W. Aus- J. R'. Elsey, Esq. [P.].

tralia.

13. Malurus melanocephalus.

Malurus melanocephalus, Viy. Sf Hofsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 222 ;

Gould, B. Austr. folio, iii. pi. 26 ; Graxj, Gen. B. i. p. 16-5 ; Bp.

Consp. i. p. 219; Reichenb. Voij. Neuholl. pp. 101, 291; Gould,

Hanclb. B. Austr. i. p. 333 ; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. iV. S. W. ii.

p. 184.
jNlalurus browni, Jard. ^- Selhy, III. Orn. ii. pi. 72 (wee V. Sr H.).
Malurus dorsaUs, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 204, no. 2887.

Adult male. General colour above scarlet- vermilion ; wing-coverts
velvety black ; quills dark brown, edged with paler brown ; upper
tail-coverts black ; tail-feathers blackish, edged with lighter brown
near the base ; head and neck all round as well as the entire under
surface of body velvety black, the lower flanks mixed with fulvous-
brown, as also the lower abdomen and thighs ; under wing-coverts
and axillaries light fulvous ; quills dusky brown below, fulvescent
along the edge of the inner web ; " bill black ; feet fleshy brown ;
iris blackish brown" {Gould). Total length 4-8 inches, culmen 0-4,
wing 1*7, tail 1-9, tarsus 0-75.

Adult female. General colour above brown, a little dingier on the
crown ; wings dark brown, more rufescent on the edges of the
secondaries, the primaries margined with whity brown ; tail-feathers
dark brown, the outermost feather edged and tipped with fulvous-
brown ; ear-coverts and sides of face dark brown, with shaft-lines
of whity brown ; feathers round the eye and lores whitish or ful-
vous ; under surface of body buffy white ; the flanks fulvous, the
thighs brown; under wing-coverts fulvous, quills dark brown
below ; " bill brown ; base of under mandible reddish brown ; feet
flesh-brown " (6rof(?(?). Total length 4 inches, culmen 0-45, wing
1-75, tail 1-9, tarsus 0-8.

Hah. South Australia and Eastern Australia, as high as Rocking-
ham Bay.

«, b. S 2. ad. St. Australia.

c. S ad. ; d. S juv. st. Australia. J. Gould, Esq.

e,f. cJ ad. St. Australia. J. Gould, Esq.

14. Malurus dorsalis.

Sylvia dorsalis, Leicin, B. New Hull. pi. 14.

Malurus browniii, Vig. 8f Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 223 ; Goi/hl, B.
Austr. iii. pi. 27 ;' Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 165 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 219 ;

42. MALTJRTJ8. 297

Reichenb. Vog. NeuJioU. pp. 102, 291 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 204,
no. 2888 ; Harnsai/, I^: Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 184.
Malurus cruentatus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 143 ; id. Handh. B.
Austr, i. p. 334.

Adult male. General colour above dark crimson ; wing-coverts
and inner secondaries velvety black ; remainder of the quiUs dark
brown, externally edged with whity brown ; upper tail-coverts and
tail-feathers black ; head and neck all round, as well as the entire
under surface velvety black, including the under wing-coverts and
axillaries ; quiUs blackish below, lighter along the edge of the inner
web; "bill black; legs fleshy brown" {J. Gould). Total length
3-4 inches, cuhnen 0-4, wing 1-55, tail 1-65, tarsus 0-75.

Female. Uniform light brown, the abdomen inclining to white ;
bill and feet light brown. {Gould.)

Ohs. The type of M. hroivni in the Museum scarcely equals in in-
tensity the blood- red or crimson colouring of the Port-Essington and
N.W.- Australian birds ; and it seems that there may be possibly three
species of red-bucked Mahiri, differing only in the intensity of the
colouring of the back. The oldest name for the crimson-backed
species, the M. cruentatus of Gould, is certainly the Sylvia dorsalis
of Lewin.

Hab. jl^orthern and North-eastern Australia, as far south as
Rockingham Bay.

a. S ad. sk. Austraha. Linnean Society [P.].

(Type oiM. brototii).

b. c? imm. sk, Australia. Sir T. Mitchell [P.l.
c,d. c?; e,f. $ ad. sk. Port Essington. Cant. W. Chambers [P.].
ff. 2 ad. sk. Port Essington. J. B. Jukes, Esq. [P."
h, i, k. cS ad. ; /, »n. J ad. sk. N.W. Australia. J. R. Elsey, Esq. [P.'
n. cJ ad. sk. Gilbert River. J. R. Elsey, Esq. [P.'

15. Malurus albiscapulatus.

MahuTis alboscapulatus, Mei/er, Sitz. k. Akad. Wim, Ixix. p. 496 ;
Salmd. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 778, ix. p. 36 ; Gotdd, B.
Netc Guinea, part iv. ; Sharpe, Pr. Linn. Soc. xiii. pp. 315, 494.

Adult General colour blue- black, of a velvety texture ; scapulars
pure white, forming a conspicuous white patch on each side of the
back ; wing-coverts velvety black, like the back ; quills and tail-
feathers black, edged with velvety black ; entire under surface of
body velvety blue-black, with a little white tuft of feathers on the
sides of the upper breast, continuous with the white scapular patch.
Total length 4-1 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 1-8, tail 1-85, tarsus 0-75.

Hab. North-western and South-eastern New Guinea.

298 MTJSCICAPID^.

4:5. ERYTHROCERCUS. rpype.

Krytlirocerciis, Ilartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 97 (1857) E. maccalli.

\

Bill of Eri/fhrocercws maccalli.
Bamje. Confined to Africa.

Key to the Species.

a. Head rufous, streaked with white ; upper surface of

body grey maccalli, p. 298.

b. Head ashy gxey; upper surface of body olive-

yellow Uvitigstonii, p. 298.

1. Erythrocercus maccalli. (Plate IX. fig. 1.)

Pycnosphrys maceallii, Cass. Proc. Philnd. Acad. 1855, p. 326.

Ervthrocercus maceallii, Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 97 ; Cass. Proc.
Philad. Acad. 1869, p. 51; Hartl. J.f. O. 1861, p. 170; Fitisch Sr
Hartl. Voq. Ostafr. p. 303; Sharpe ^ Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool.
France, 1877, p. ^79.

Muscicapa m'callii, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 323, no. 4853.

Adult female. General colour above ashy grey, slightly more ru-
fesceut on the lower back, the upper tail-coverts and tail-feathers
bright chestnut ; wing-coverts like the back, the greater series and
the quills browner, with ashy brown edgings ; crown of head chest-
nut, with white mesial streaks to the feathers, the lores fawn-
colour ; feathers round and below the eye chestnut ; ear-coverts
ashy grey, like the hinder crown and sides of neck, the latter with
buffy-white bases to the feathers ; cheeks, throat, and fore neck
fawn-buff; rest of under surface buffy whitish, the thighs browner ;
under wing-coverts pale fawn-colour, as also the edgiugs to the
quills below. Total length 4-1 inches, culmen 0-35, wing 1*85,
tail 1-95, tarsus 0*6.

Hah. Gamma and Moonda Rivers, Gaboon, and the Congo.
a. 5 ad. sk. Grande, Congo. Dr. Lucan and M. Petit [C].

2. Erythrocercus livingstonii. (Plate IX. fig. 2.)

Muscicapa, n. sp., Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 323, no. 4854, undh.
Erythrocercus livingstonii, Finsch S,~ Hartl. Vog. Ostafr. p. 303 {ex
Gray, MSS. in 3fus. Brit.).

Adult (type of species). Crown of head ashy grey ; general colour
above olive-yeUow ; the rump and upper tail-coverts bright tawny
rufous ; the tail chestnut, with yellowish margins near the base of
the feathers ; wing- coverts light brown, with yellowish margins :
quills dark brown, also margined with yellow ; lores, cheeks, and

44. TKocuocEUCUs. 299

chin white ; eur-covorts light ashy ; rest of under surface of body
bright yellow, slightly washed with fulvous on the under tail-
coverts ; under wing-coverts bright yellow, the greater series white.
Total length 87 inches, culmen 0-3, wing 1-75, tail 1-9, tarsus 0-6.
Hab. South-eastern Africa.

a. Ad. sk. Zambesi, Dr. Livingstone [C.].

(Type of species.)

44. TEOCHOCERCUS.

Type.
Trochocercus, Cab. Mm. Hein. i. p. 58 (1850) T. cvauomelas.

/

Head of Trochocerciis ci/anomelas, to show crest.
Range. Confined to Africa.

Key to the Species.

a. Tail blackish, the feathers edged with gi-ey.

a'. Inner greater coverts and inner secondaries pure

white, forming a distinct patch; back grey;

breast white ; sides of body grey ci/anonwlus, p. 299.

b'. No white at all on the wing; back glossy bhush

black ; abdomen light cinereous ." nitens, p. ?>00.

b. Tail chestnut, as also the wings ; throat and breast

gTey, shading oif into white on the abdomen and

under tail-coverts borbonicus, p. 302.

1. Trochocercus cyanomelas.

Le Gobe-mouche mantele, Levaill. Ois. iVAfr. iv. p. 5, pi. 1.51. figs.

1,2; Smidev. Oi-it. om Levaill. p. 41.
Muscicapa cyanomolas, Vieill. N. Diet, d'ffist. Nat. xxi. p 47.3-

Grill. Zool. Anteckn. p. 26, no. 20.
Muscicapa scapularis, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiii. pt. 2, p. 112.
Tchitrea cyauomelas, Grai/, Gen. B. i. p. 200 ; Layarcl, B. S. Afr

p. 14G ; Gray, Hancl-l. B. i. p. .3-34, no. 5029.
Philontoma cyauomelas, £p. Conap. i. p. 324.
Trochocercus cyauomelas. Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 58 ; Sharpc ed

Layards B. S. Afr. p. 354, no. 341.
Tchitrea cyauomelfena, Gnrney, Ibis, 18G2, p. .30.
Terpsiphone cvanomelas, Finseh ^- Hartl. Voy. Ostafr. p. 312 note •

Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 44, no. 413. . r , ,

Adult male. General colour above light grey, with a bluish gloss •

x2

300 MtrsciCAi'iD^.

head crested, bright steel-green, as also the sides of the head and
the throat ; sides of neck grey, glossed with steel-green ; lesser and
median wiug-coverts dark grej% glossed with steel-green ; greater
series black, slightlj* edged with greenish and narrowly tipped with
white, the innermost of this series white on the outer web, forming
a conspicuous white longitudinal patch with the innermost secon-
daries, which are entirely pure white, all the rest of the quills black-
ish ; tail blackish, undulated with dusky under certain lights, the
outer webs of the feathers w'ashed with grey ; under surface of body
white, the bases of all the feathers greyish, the Hanks also slightly
washed with grey ; under wing-coverts and axillaries white, the
outermost coverts and the edge of the wing grey ; "bill, tarsi, and
feet slate-colour ; iris dusky " (F. A. Barratt). Total length, 5'2
inches, culmen 0"5, wing 2'6, tail 3*1, tarsus 0*7.

Adult femnU. Differs from the male in having the back washed
with olive-brown, as also the sides of the face ; crown of head
slightly crested and metallic greyish steel-blue ; lores and cheeks
whitish, mottled with grey bases to the feathers ; under surface of
body white, the flanks washed with olive-brown ; the throat also
white, mottled with greyish bases to its feathers. Total length o-8
inches, wing 2-6, tail 3'1, tarsus 0'7.

Young. Olive-brown above ; the greater wing-coverts broadly
tipped with ochraceous, as also the secondaries ; quills and tail dark
brown : crown greyish, without any perceptible gloss ; under sur-
face of body whitish, the breast and flanks washed with brown, the
throat mottled with dusky bases to the feathers.

Hah. South Africa.

a. Juv. sk. George, South Africa R. B. Shai-pe, Esq.

{II. At more).

b, e, d. S ad. sk. Knysna, Feb. 1866 (C. J. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

Anderssoii).

e. $ ad. sk. Knysna, Dec. 17, 1865 R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

(C J. Andersson).

f. 5 juv. sk. Knysna, Feb. 2, 1866 R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

(C J. Aiiders&on),

g. 5 ad. sk. Knysna. C. J. Andersson, Esq. [C.].
h. S ad. sk. Peri Bush near King- Lieut. Trevelyan [P.].

wiUiamstown.

». Juv. sk. Near Kingwilliamstown. Lieut. Anstey [P.].

k. cJ ad. sk. Macamac, Sept. 22, 1874. F. A. Barratt, Esq. [C.].

I. c? ad. St. Natal. Zoological Society.

m. (S ad. St. Natal. Purchased.

2. Trochocercus nitens*.

Trochocercus nitens, Cassin, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 50; id.
Journ. Acad. Philad. 2nd series, vol. iv. 4to, p. 325, pi. 50. fig. 4 ;

* TKOCHOCEECnS, sp.

Trochocercus ?, Cassin, Pr. Phil. Acad. 1859, p. 51.

" Several specimens of young birds from the Camma seem to indicate a third

44. TKocuocEKcrs. 301

Heine, J. f. O. 1859, p. 428 ; Sharpe ^- Bouvier, Bull Soc. Zool.
France, 1870, p. 45 ; Socage, Oin. Angola, p. 195.

Tchitrea uitens, Gray, Hand-L B. p. 334, uo. 5030.

Terpsiphone nitens, Finsch iSf Hartl. Vog. Ostafr. p. 312, note.

Tei-psiplione atrocLalybea J , Sharpe, Ibis, 1874, p. 61 {nee Thomson).

Terpsiplione nigriniitVata, Reichenow, J.f. 0. 1874, p. 110 (types ex-
amined)*.

Adult male. General colour above glossy steel- black ; quills and
tail black, edged with the same colour as the back ; sides of face,
sides of neck, throat, and fore neck glossy steel-black : rest of under
siirface light slaty grey, as also the under wing-coverts : thighs
dusky brown ; quills blackish below, lighter brown along the edge
of the inner web. Total length 6 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 2-5,
tail 2-9, tarsus 0-65.

Bill and fout of Trorhirernis nitens.
Adult female. Top of head (or crest) only glossy black as in the

species of this group larger than either T. cyanomelas or T. nitens. Young of
both sexes resemble the females of both the species just mentioned, but are of
darker cinereous, and like them have the crest only black. The bill is larger and
more depressed. I do not regard it as expedient to propose a new specific desig-
nation in this difficult family, without having adult specimens." {Cassin, I. c.)

* Dr. Peters was so kind as to send me for examination the types of Dr.
Keichenows' T. nigrimitrafa ; and in the absence of typical specimens of Trocho-
cereus nitens, I was inclined to consider them quite a distinct species. During
a recent visit, however, to Leiden, I found several birds from the Gold Coast
agreeing with Dr. Reichenow's specimens, and identified in that collection as T.
nitens of Cassin. On re-examining the subject I consider this identification
correct, and I also identify with the same species three specimens which 1 had
before determined as the female of Tcrpfiphoyu afrochali/hea. At the same time
I give a description of the types lent me by Dr. Peters, and shoidd add that the
woodcuts which accompany this article are drawn from the Berlin specimens.

Male (type of species). General colour above slaty blue, as also an eye-
brow, sides of head, and under surface of body ; the lower parts rather lighter
and more greyish blue ; entire crown of head black, forming a cap ; least wing-
coverts slaty blue like the back, the remainder of the coverts and the quills dark
sepia-brown, with an obscure edging of slaty blue on some of the coverts and
inner secondaries ; tail-feathers blackish ; bill black ; feet blue ; iris dark. Total
length 55 inches, culmen Goo, wing 2-55, tail 2 5, tarsus 07. {Miis- Berol.)

Adult female. Differs from the male in being ashy blackish above, with a
greenish gloss, the crown dusky black ; below ashy whitish, as also the lore* and
eyebrow; sides of face end neck a,-<hy whitish, the ear-coverts dull blackish.
Total length 55 inehes, culmen 0'55, wing 2-4, tail 25, tarsus 06.

302

MUSCICAPID^.

male ; back and other upper parts dark cinereous (without lustre) ;
wings and tail ashy black. Entire u'nderparts light cinereous,
darker on the throat and breast, and very pale on the abdomen ;
under wing-coyerts light ashy, nearly white. {Cassin, 1. c.)

Besides the three specimens in the British Museum, I lately
observed four others in the Leiden collection, three males and a
female. The latter answered to the description given by Cassin.
The measurements were as follows : — Total length 5 inches, culmen
0-55, wing 2-3, tail 2-75, tarsus 0-(5.

Hah. West Africa ; Gold Coast to the Congo.
a, b. Ad. sk. Fantee (//. T. Ussher). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

c. Ad. sk. Fantee (v4i<AiHn). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

3. Trochocercus borbonicus.

Le Gobe-mouche hupe de I'isle de Bourbon, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 420,

pi. 39. fig. 2 ; Daubent. PI. Mil. v. pi. 573. tig. 1.
Muscicapa bourbounensis, P. L. S. Mull.,S. N. Anhang, p. 171.
Bourbon Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. p. 330.
Muscicapa borbonica, Qm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 939.

Platyrhynchus borboniciis, Vieill. N. Diet. (VHid. Nat. xxvii. p. 13.

Tchi'trea borbonica, Less. Rev. Zool. 1838, p. 278 ; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus.

A. S. B. p. 204; Hartl. Faun. Madag. p. 46; Schl. P.Z.S. 1866,

p. 422; E. Newt. Ibis, 18G1, p. 271.

Muscipeta borbonica, Bp. Consp. i. p. 325 ; Schl. ^- Poll. Faune

3Iadag. p. 78, pi. 22.
Terpsiphone borbonica. Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 57 ; Hexigl. Orn,
N.O.-Afr. p. 446, note; Hartl. Vog. Madag. p. 176.
Adult. General colour above deep chestnut, the wing-coverts like
the back ; bastard wing, primary-coverts, and primaries black, the
latter narrowly edged with chestnut, the secondaries more broadly,
the innermost entirely chestnut, excepting a mesial blackish shade ;
tail chestnut; head and neck glossy purplish black, extending
slightly upon the mantle ; sides of face and ear-coverts glossy black,
with a faint steel-green gloss ; under surface of body dark slaty grey,
lighter on the sides, the Hanks slightly washed with rufous ; lower ab-
domen, thighs, and under tail-coverts white ; under wing-coverts and
axillaries white, with a faint reddish blush ; edge of wing slaty grey,
quills ashy brown below, reddish along the edge of the inner web,
broader on the inner secondaries ; bill and feet blackish ; iris dusky.
Total length G inches, culmen 0-55, wing 2-9, tail 2-9, tarsus 0-7.

Adult female. Similar to the male, but with the head and hind
neck grey, glossed with steel-blue on the crown ; ear-coverts dark
ashy; throat and underparts generally lighter grey than in the
male, the vent and under fail-coverts white. Total length 5-9
inches, culmen 0-5, wing 2-75, tail 2-75, tarsus 0-7.

Nestling. Entirely dark cinnamon above, below paler, the belly
whiter, the chest-feathers with white shaft-streaks ; tail-feathers
cinnamon -brown, darker brown at base ; vring-coverts and quills
blackish brown, broadly edged with rufous. (Jfus.A. ^- E. Newton.)

Hah. Island.s of Mauritius and Bourbon.
a, b, c. Ad. sk. Mauritius i^Bewsher). R. B. Sharpe, E.sq. [P.].

' 45. RHiriDTTRA. 'iOS

45. RHIPIDURA*. ,j,^^

Rhipidura, Ff^fors 4- Horsf. Tr.Linu. S<>c. xv. p. 247(1825) R. albiscapa.

Leucocirca, Swains. Moim/r. Fli/c. p. 126 (1837) R. tricolor.

Sauloprocta, Cahanis, 3lus. Hein. Th. i. p. 57 (1850) .... R. tricolor.

RaiKje. From India and Ceylon, through the Burmese countries
to the Malayan peninsula, extending over the whole of the Malayan
archipelago, Australia, and Oceania.

Ohs. Under this generic name several apparent subgenera are in-
cluded, as they appear to have no certain characters by which they
could be easily told. Between such species as R. tricolor and R.fuU-
qinosa there is, at first sight, a great difiference in the head, the fonner
having a stout biU with comparatively few rictal bristles, while the
latter has a weak bill with numerous rictal bristles surpassing the
bill in length. But between these two forms every possible grada-
tion is found as regards the number of rictal bristles and strength of
bill. I have therefore kept the species of Rhipidnra in one geiius
containing sections not deemed worthy even of subgeneric separation.

Key to the Sjieci^s\.

a. Three or more outer tail-feathers with en-
tirely wbite or creamy white shafts.
a'. Centre tail-feathers with white shafts
like the others.
a". Inner web of tail-feathers enth-ely whi-
tish, the outer one dark brown .... JlabelUfera, p. 308.
b". Iimer web of tail-feathers dark brown
hke the outer, but edged with white
on the inner margin of the feathers ;
entire iuner web never entirely white huhjeri, p. 309.
//. Two centre tail-feathers with brown
shafts, the rest with white ones,
c". Under surface ochraceous buff, the
breast miiform ; throat white, with a
black or grey patch on lower portion.

a"'. Throat-mark black ].saturata, p. 311.

* The following bird has been placed in the genus Ehipidura : —

MUSCICAPA OCIIRACEA.

Museicapa ochracea, Sparrm. Mm. Carlss. i. pi. 22; Sundev. Grit, om

Sparrm. p. 6.
Campepbaga ochracea, Vieill. N. Diet. x. p. 50.

Ehipidura ochracea, Graj/, Gen. B. i. p. 2.58 ; id. Ha>id-l. B. i. p. 332,

no. 4990.

A species said to have been found at the Cape of Good Hope, but certainly

not a Muscicapine bird. Prof. Simdevall thiuks that it may be mtended for a

young Promerops caffcr of which the bill has been broken. It looks something

'like a bad figure of a Crateropus.

t The forms included in tliis genus are so varied that it has been found very
ditllcult to construct a diagnostic table which should represent tliem in their
natural order. The present arrangement in the key is somewhat artificial, and
is written witli a view to the easy decijihering of the species.

304 MUSCICAPID^.

b'". Throat-mark dark grey.

a*. Bacli dull grey hrenchleyi, p. 311.

6^. Back olive-brown pftlzclni,Y>- 312.

d". Under surface oT body mottled, the fea-
thers of tlie breast black, broadly
edged with white, producing a scaly
appearance; belly light brownish
buff.

c'". Throat entirely white verreaiixi, p. 312.

d'". Throat white, broadly edged with

' black spilodera, p. 313.

e". Belly dull ochraceous buft", the breast
duskj' dull ashy brown ; throat
black, with obscure hoary margins . . nebidosa, p. 315.
h. Outer tail-feathers with rufous-brown or
blackish shafts, not white for their whole
length ; a white shaft, when present, only
conterminous with the white tips to the
outer feathers.
c'. Upper tail-coverts cinnamon-rufous, like
the lower back and rump.
/". Tail brown or gi-eyish brown, tipped
with white^ more or less rufous at
base.
e'". With a lai-ge patch of black on the
fore neck or lower throat,
c'. Frontal plumes and eyebrow white,
a'. Head and neck ashy brown,
contrasting with the cinnamon
back ; breast scaly, the feathers
black, edged with white .... squamata, p. 818.
6\ Head and neck cinnamon, like
the back ; breast uniform

white elegantula, p. 319.

f/\ Frontal plumes and eyebrow
rufous.
e^ Bases of centre tail-feathers
rufous for nearly two thirds of
their length ; fore neck scaled
in appearance, the feathers
black, broadly edged with
white.

» TT J J 1 1- I rufifrmis, p. 319.

o^ Head and neck brown .... J J^^^^i^;^^^ 320.

¥. Head and neck cinnamon, like

the rest of the upper surface semirubra, p. 321.
ii'. Tail ashy brown, slightly washed
with rufous near the base, the
centre tail-feathers like the
others ; fore neck not mottled,
being uniform light fulvous.
c*". Head and mantle brown ;
lower back, rump, and upper
tail - coverts rufous ; ear-
coverts black semicollaris, p. 321.

d"^. Mantle and head browner,

45. EHIPIDUKA, 305

leaving only the rump and
upper tail-coverts rufous ;

j^.n „r. , ear-coverts brown dryas, p. 322.

./ . With no black at all on the fore
neck or throat, which is fulves-
cent like the sides of the body
and under tail-coverts ; tail
ashy brown, tipped with white. . rufdorsa, p. 322.
g . lail brown, tipped with cinnamon.

;/'". Smaller ; culmen 0-4 inch : with no
black jug-ular collar ; under sur-
face of body cinnamon-buff,
deepening on the flanks and under
tail-coverts ; no white on throat
and chest rufa, p. 323.

h . Larger; culmen 0 6 inch: belly
cinnamon ; throat and chest
white, with a broad jugular collar

/.. r, . *'^.^'?''^, • • • V'^", P- 322.

n . Uuter taii-teathers cinnamon, the centre

__ ones black for their entire length.

»'"'. Entire back cinnamon, the head

slightly bro■w^ler onlv ; below

paler cinnamon, more fulvous on

, „. XT *^^ ^''™''^* ■, •.-,••, brachyrhyncha $ , p. 816.

K . Head and mantle greyish blue, con-
trasting with the lower back and
rump, which are cinnamon ;
throat and chest also greyish
blue, contrasting with the pale
cinnamon-buff abdomen.

e\ Belly pale cinnamon-buff cyaniceps, p. 323

.„ J • J^elly white albiventris, p. 324.

I . lail entirely cinnamon or chestnut . . phcemcura, p 324
a'. Lpper tail-covei-ts brown, or gi-ey, or
black, never rufous, and agreeing
generally with the rest of the
back.
k". With fuliginous or black under tail-
coverts, always uniform.
I'". With uniform chest, not spotted
with white,
g*. Tail-feathers broadly tipped with
white,
e'. Centre of throat white; chin
black; bill narrow, entirely

., „^l*^ck albtcollis,^.S17.

p. Centre of throat black, the chin
and sides of throat white ; bill
broader, the lower mandible
J.4 T .ye'^^'^; ^itli a black-ish tip. . . . macuUpectus juv., p. .326
h*^. lail -feathers not tipped with ■' ' i

white.
5^. No white over the eye ; under
surface of body chocolate ;
throat deep ashy fi'/if/inoga, p. 316.

306 MUSCICAPID^.

h'. Over tlie eye a -white spot.
e". Under sui-face of body black,

including the throat ' brachyrhyncha S , P- 316.

/«. Under surface of body brown,
like the upper, inclining to
black on the rump and ab-
domen and both series of

tail-coverts; throat white . . threnothorcu- ]nv., t^. 32-5.
m'". Chest guttate, with numerous large
ovate spots of white,
j'. Centi-e of breast and abdomen
blackish or dark ashy.
i'. Above brown ; throat white ; tail

uniform, not tipped with white, threnothorax ad., p. 325.
k\ Above black ; throat black in
the centre ; tail - feathers

broadly tipped with white. . . . mandipecins, p. 326.
A-'. Centi-e of breast and abdomen
white ; tail-feathers tipped with

•white leucothorax, p. 327.

/". Under tail-coverts white, or ochraceous,
or cinnamon, never entirely dusky or
black, sometimes white with blackish
bases.
«'". Thorax white, separated from the
abdomen by a broad pectoral col-
lar of slaty gi-ey or ashy brown,
generally with white streaks or
spots.
/'. Inner secondaiies not edged with
white.
V. Tail-feathers not broadly tipped
with white ; breast guttate, with
distinct oval spots of white.
g'^. Belly and imder tail-covei-ts
deep ochraceous buff or cin-
namon ; outermost tail-
feather edged with whitish

along the outer web bouniensis, p. 327.

A". Belly and under tail-coverts
white ; tail entirely imiform,
with no white tips or edges

to any of the feathers cinerea, p. 328.

m\ Tail-feathers broadly tipped

with white ; breast almost

uniform, with a few white

spots or streaks half concealed.

t^. Breast smoky ash-grey ; belly

and under tail-coverts pale

ochraceous buff.

cf. Outer tail-feathers broadly

tipped and edged with

wiiite setosa, p. 329.

h\ Outer tail-feathers broadly
edged and tipped with
smoky buff ussimih's, p. 330.

45. RHIPIDURA.

k^ Breast slaty black with white
ovate streaks; outer tail-
feather white at tip for less
than a third of its length ;
penultimate feather tipped

76 T,"^'*^. ^}'^'' kordensh, p. ;3.30.

/". Breast slaty grey, streaked
-n-ith concealed linesof white;
outermost tail-feather white
for about half its length;
penidtimate one broadly, and
third one minutely spotted

with white vidua, p. 331.

m\ Inner secondaries broadly edged
with white, forming a bar down
thewmg; tail-feathers uniform,

,., T,, ""^^ ^^P?ed with white obi^mis, p. 331.

o . 1 hroat white, separated from the

white breast by a rather narrow

black coUiir.

»\ TaU black below, broadly tipped

with white.

n\ White tips to outer tail-feathers

5 Axn^.^^f-''^ javanica, p. 332.

o\ y\ hite tips to outer taU-feathers

, rp ., r""^^ • • ■ • ; nigritorquis, p. .334

oK Tail brown, gi-adually paler on ' ^

the outer feathers, and becoming

„,„ T,. ^^^*e at the tips pectoralu, p.335

P . Throat white ; breast fidvous or ' P '^-'^•

buify white, longitudinally streak-
ed with dark bro-mi.
F'- Back smoky brown; head more
ashy; sides of body brown;
entire breast and ' abdomen
streaked with blackish; under

q . Back rufous, as also sides of body
and under wing-coverts.
p\ Head darker brown, conti-asting
with the back; streaks on
chest broad, not extending to
the lower breast or abdomen ;
thighs rufous-brown, darker

than the flanks en/ar<,nota, p. 337

?\ Head rufous-brown Hke the ,l>-^ot.

back; thighs rufous like the
flanks; throat and fore neck
white, marked -n-ith small tri-
angular dusk-y streaks, a little

larger on the chest rnfhieralis, p. 337

y' '. 1 hroat white ; breast uniform. , V-oot.

)■'. Under tail-coverts ochraceous
buff or pale cinnamon.
r\ Quills uniform brown; tips to

outer tail-f.athers white .... n^/ivextns, p 331.

307

308 MUSCICAPID^.

s\ Quills externally rufous; outer
tail - feathers light smoky
brown, paler on the outer web diluta, p. 3.32.
.s'. Under tail-coverts white with
black bases ; belly dark slate-
colour, like the breast, which
has the centre feathers broadly

tipped with white ... alhilimbata, p. 315.

)•'". Throat black ; chin and cheeks
white.
t^. Under sui-face of body whitish in
the centre ; flanks ashy brown ;
forehead black, like the throat ;
chest scaled, the feathers being j kubarii v 314
black, edged ^^^th white ...... \p,^,^Jt^;^_ gjj.

ii^. Under surface of body bright
orange-rufous, uniform from the

black throat downwards hi/perythra, p. 338.

s'". Throat white, with a black jugular
patch ; forehead and eyebrow
white ; coverts tipped with tri-
angular spots of white; under
surface of body, from the throat

downwai'ds, pure white albifrontata, p. 338.

t"\ Throat black.

r'. Tail-feathers tipped with white.
V'. Upper surface chocolate-brown,
the upper tail-coverts a little
more rufous ; sides of face and
throat black, uniform ; fore neck
and chest scaly, the feathers
black with broad white mar-
gins nielanol^ema, p. 313.

m'. Upper sm-face dark bluish grey,
the upper tail-coverts black ;
cheeks, throat, and breast slaty
grey, spotted with white,
minutely on the two former,
on the iDreast with large ovate

spots of white ^}er/a<rt, p. 328.

tv^. Tail-feathers entirely black ; no
spots on the fore neck or sides
of neck ; upper surface and
throat jet-black tricolor, p. 339.

1. Rhipidura flabellifera.

Fan-tailed Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Si/n. ii. pt. 1, p. 340, pi, 49.

Muscicapa flabellifera, Gm. S. N. i. p. 493 (e.r Lath.).

Ehipidura flabellifera, Gray in Dieffenh. Trav. N. Zeal ii. App. p. I'JO ;
id. Voy. Erebus 8,- Terror, p. 8, pi. 6. lig. 2 ; id. Gen. B. i. p. 258 ;
Bp. Consp. i. p. 323 ; G^-aij, Ibis, 1862, p. 225 ; Peh. Beis. Novara,
Vog. p. 70 ; Ramsay, Ibis, 1865, p. 155 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 330,
no. 4953 ; Finsch, J. f. O. 1872, p. 164, et 1874, p. 190; Buller, B.
N. Zeal. p. 143 ; Sharpe, Voy. Erebus ^- Terror, Birds, App. p. 26.

I

45. RHIPIDVKA. 309

Rhipidura flabellifoime, Hombr. etJ, Voy. Pole Sud, Atlas, pi. 11. fig. 4.
Muscicapa -sentilabrum, Forster, Icon. tned. G ; id. Descr, Anim. p. 86.
Rhipidura albiscapa, Cass. U.S. Expl. Exp. p. 150 {nee Gould).

Adult male. Above ashy brown, with a slight olive-brown shade ;
the upper tail-coverts dark slate- colour ; crown of head, lores, and
sides of face dark slaty brown, with a broad white streak above the
eye ; wings brown, the median and greater coverts with small white
apical spots, the secondaries slightly shaded with ashy, the inner-
most narrowly edged with whitish ; two centre tail-feathers brown,
the rest of the feathers white on the inner web, brown on the outer,
the two outside feathers shaded with light brown on the inner web,
the outermost feathers white on both webs, shaded with brown on
the inner web, the shafts of all the feathers white ; cheeks and throat
dull white ; lower throat blackish, the feathers margined with light
ochre where they adjoin the fore neck ; rest of under surface of body
ochraceous buff ; under tail-coverts white ; thighs brown ; under
wing-coverts whitish, with ashy bases to the feathers ; " biU black ;
feet blackish brown ; iris black" (Bidler). Total length 6 inches,
culmen 0*4, wing 3'95, tail 3-8, tarsus 0"75.

Obs. Two birds from the Bay of Islands at the north of North
Island, New Zealand, are paler than the rest of the birds in the
Museum, and diiler as much as Tasmanian Fantail Flycatchers do
from Australian.

Young. Has the ashy brown of the back shaded with rufous ; the
wing-coverts tipped with pale rufous ; under surface of body tawny ;
sides of face and throat dusky ashy ; ej-ebrow tawny ; tail-feathers
more shaded with brown than in the adult.

Hab. New Zealand.

Colonial Museum.
Dr. Sinclair [P.].
Capt. Stokes, R.N. [P.].

Purchased.

Lieut. A. Smith [P].

Antarctic Expedition [C.].

2. Rhipidura bulgeri.

Rhipidura albiscapa (nee Gould), Verr. et Des Murs, Rev. et Mag. de
Zool. 1860, p. 392 ; Marie, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, xxvii. p. .327.
Rhipidura humeri, Layard, Ibis, 1877, p. 361.

Adult male. General colour above dull slaty brown, uniform on
the upper surface, the upper tail-coverts darker and more blackish
slate-colour; tail-feathers ashy brown, all with conspicuous white
shafts, the outer ones tipped and broadly edged with white along
their inner webs ; wing-coverts like the back, the greater series
minutely tipped with white ; quills brown, the inner secondaries
with an obsolete whitish edging ; loral plumes mottled with white
bases ; feathers in front of the eye and below it dusky blackish, as also
the ear-coverts ; above the fore part of the eye a white spot, and

a, h. Ad. sk.

New Zealand.

c. Ad. sk.

New Zealand.

d. Ad. ; e. Juv. sk.

New Zealand {F.

Strange^.

/. Juv. sk.

New Zealand.

g. Ad. ; h. Juv. sk.

Bay of Islands.

t. Ad. sk.

Bay of Islands.

310 MUSCICAPID^.

another behind the eye, running above the ear-coverts ; chin and
cheeks white ; across the throat a dusky grej-ish band, extending
upon the sides of the neck ; rest of under surface of body light ochra-
ceous buff, the feathers of the upper breast edged with grey ; thighs
brown ; under tail-coverts white ; under wing-coverts like the breast,
the greater series tipped with wliite, all with dusky bases ; quills
brown below, whity brown along the inner webs. Total length
5'3 iuches, culmen "0-35, wing 2-6, tail 3-1, tarsus 0-6o.
Hah. New Caledonia.

«, h. (S 9. ad. sk. Port de France, New Cale- Julius Brenchlev,

donia, Oct. 1865. Esq. [P.].

3. RMpidura albiscapa*.

Rhipidura flabellifera {nee Gm.), Vig. >§• Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv.
p. 247 ; Swains. Monogr. Flyc. p. 124, pi. 10.

^...w.w.„. .^^.^ t.. , - p ,

Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 330, no. 4955; Biggies, Orn. Austr. pi. 36.
fig. 2 ; Ramsag, Pr. Linn. Soc. X. S. W. ii. p. 182.

Adult male. General colour above ashy brown, head with a slightly
blacker shade ; lores and sides of face blackish brown ; over the eye
a broad line of white ; a second short line of white above the ear-
coverts, not continuous with the above-mentioned one ; least wing-
coverts ashy brown, like the back ; greater and median coverts dark
brown, tipped with white ; primary-coverts and primaries brown,
the inner secondaries edged with white ; upper tail-coverts and tail
brown, with a slight ashy shade, the two centre tail-feathers with
brown shafts, the rest with conspicuous white shafts, the ends of
the feathers white, extending up the inner webs and along the outer
web of the outermost feather ; cheeks and throat white ; lower
throat black ; rest of under surface light ochraceous buff, the
sides of the breast ashy grey, like the sides of the neck ; under
tail-coverts white, the longer ones brown with white tips ; thighs
brown ; under wing-coverts whitish, slightly washed with ochra-
ceous, with brown bases ; axillaries brown, edged with ochraceous ;
" biU and feet brownish black ; iris black " (J. Gould). Total length
6 inches, culmen 0-35, wing 2-75, tail 3-4, tarsus 0*7.

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 5-8 inches, wing
2-8, tail 3-4, tarsus 0-6.

Hab. East and South Australia.

* Rhipidura preissi.

Ehipidura preissi, Cah. Mus. Hcin. Th. i. p. 57 ; Gould, Handb. B. Austr.
i p. 240; Crray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 331, no. 4972; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc.
N. S. W. ii. p. 182.
Hab. Western Australia.

This species is described as being allied to i?. albiscapa, but differing princi-
pally in the absence of the black breast-band. This is one of the chief characters
of R. pehebti, and it will be interesting to compare the two species.

45. BHIPIDCKA. 311

a. Ad. St. Australia. E. Douljleday, Esq. [P.].

b. Ad. sk. Australia.

c. d. cJ 5 ad. sk. South Australia. Sir George Grey [P.].
e. Juv. sk. Australia.

4. Rhipidura saturata.

Rhipidura albiscapa, Guuhl, B. Aitstr. folio, ii. pi, 83 (pt.).
Rliipidura albiscapa, Bhjth, Cat. B. Mm. A. S. B. p. 206 («ec Gmdd).

Similar to R. albiscapa of Australia, but rather larger, and every-
where much darker, the head blacker, the sides of the neck and
throat-collar deeper black, and the entire under surface richer orange-
fulrous ; tail blackish, the outer webs and tips of the external fea-
thers smoky brown, dull white towards the base of the outer web of
the outermost rectrix ; wing-spots much smaller. Total length 6-2
inches, culmen 0-35, wing 2-9, tail 3'55, tarsus 0-65.

Hah. Tasmania.

«. Ad. ; b. Juv. sk. Tasmania.

c. Ad. sk. Tasmania.

Ronald Gunn, Esq. [P.].
Antarctic Expedition [C.].

5. Rhipidura brenchleyi.
Rhipidui-a, sp., Grai/, Cat. B. Trap. Id. Pacific Ocean, p. 17.

Adult male. General colour above dark slatj' grey, the upper tail-
coverts blacker ; tail-feathers dark brown, the two centre feathers
with dark brown shafts, all the others with white shafts and tipped
with ashy white, this latter increasing in extent towards the outer-
most feather, which is light ashy brown along the outer web and
for a good part of the end of the inner web ; wings dark brown, the
wing-coverts edged with ashy, a few of the outer greater coverts
minutely spotted with white near the tips of the outer web ; primary-
coverts and quills dark brown, the innermost secondaries narrowly
margined with ashy brown ; loral plumes white, exteudiug above
the fore part of the eye ; feathers in front of and round the eye and
the ear-coverts blackish, the latter with a white spot above them ;
chin and upper throat white, extending backwards along the cheeks ;
rest of under surface of body light ochraceous buff, the white throat
separated from the breast by a greyish-black band, the sides of the
breast washed with grey ; thighs brown ; under taU-coverts white ;
axUlaries dusky, edged with ochraceous buff; under wing-coverts
light ochraceous, dusky at base, the greater series white ; quills ashy
brown below, lighter along the inner web ; bill blackish, lighter at
the base of the lower mandible ; " iris black " {BrencMey). Total
length 'rS inches, culmen 0-4, wing 2-9, tail 3*2, tarsus 0-75.

AduU female. Similar to the male. Total length 5*8 inches, wing
2-95, tail 3-2, tarsus 0-7.

Hah. J^ew Hebrides group of islands.

a,b. (S 2 ad. sk. Aueiteum. Aug. 186-5. Julius Brencbley. Esq. [P.].

312 MuscioAPiDji:.

(>. Rhipidura pelzelni.

Rhipidura assiinilis, Pelz. Sitz. k. Akad. Wiirn, xli. p. 320 (1820, nee

Grm/, 1858).
Rhipidiu-a pelzelni, Oray, Ibis, 1862, p. 226 ; id. Haml-l. B. i. p. 330,

no. 4971.

Adult male. Very similar to R. albiscapa of Australia, and of the
same light ochraceous buff underneath, but having the edges and
tips of the outer tail-feathers smoky brown, not white ; the throat-
mark greyish black, not so deeply coloured as in the Australian
bird; "iris black, or dark brown" {Brenchley). Total length 6
inches, cnlmen 0-4, wing 2-7, tail 3-2, tarsus 0*7.

Hab. Norfolk Island.

a. S ad.sk. Norfolk Island, June 1855. Dr. Rayner [C.]. Voyage of

H.M.S. 'Herald.'

b, c. Ad. sk. Norfolk Island, June 1865. Julius Brenchley, Esq. [P.].

7. Rhipidura verreauxi.

Rhipidm-a verreauxi, Marie, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, xxvii. p. 326 ;
Layard, Ibis, 1877, p. 358.

Adult female. General colour above chocolate-brown ; wings dusky
brown, the least wing-coverts ashy brown, the median series tipped
with white, the greater series tipped with pale rufous ; primary-
coverts and quills dark brown, the edges to the secondaries exter-
nally chocolate -brown ; upper tail-coverts blackish ; four centre tail-
feathers dark ashy brown with dark-brown shafts ; remainder of
the tail-feathers lighter brown, the shafts creamy white, the tips
paler brown and verging to ashy whitish, the outer feather ashy
whitish along the outer web also ; crown of head, nape, and hind
neck dark slate-colour, contrasting with the chocolate-brown back ;
a broad and distinct band of white from the base of the bill above
the eye ; lores, feathers above the eye, and ear-coverts slaty blackish,
with a second streak of white above the latter ; cheeks and throat
white ; breast, fore neck, and chest mottled with black feathers,
broadly edged with white, the sides of the breast ashy grey ; rest of
under surface light brownish buff, the sides of the body browner ;
thighs like the abdomen ; under tail-coverts dusky brown, with
light fulvous tips ; under wing-coverts and axillaries light brownish
buff, the lower series whitish at tips ; quills dusky brown below,
ashy whitish along the inner web ; " bill very dark brown ; feet
black ; iris brown " {Layard). Total length 6'3 inches, culmen
0-45, wing 2-65, tail 3-45, tarsus 0-8.

Hah, New Caledonia.

a. $ ad. sk. Ansevata, New Caledonia, E. L. Layard, Esq. [C.].
April 26, 1877.

45. UHIPIDIIRA. 313

8. Rhipidnra spilodera.

Rhipidura spilodera, Gray, Ann. ^- May. N. H. ser. 4, v. p. 333 ;
id. in Brenfhley''s Cruise of the Curaqoa, pi. 9.

Adult female (type of species). General colour above brown, the
upper tail-covcrts dark slaty ; crown of head slaty brown, varied
with obscure blackish tips to the feathers, especially over the eye
and on the forehead ; sides of face and feathers in front of and
below the eye blackish ; a distinct line of white from the base of
the nostrils to above the eye ; a second line of white from behind
the eye above the ear-coverts ; chin and cheeks dull white ;
remainder of throat and breast white, mottled with black centres to
the feathers, these mesial markings pointed and very distinct ; sides
of bi'east ashy grey, extending slightly upon the flanks, which are
fulvous-brown with ashy grey bases ; abdomen and under tail-
coverts light fulvous, the longest of the latter brown with white
tips ; thighs ashy brown ; under wing-coverts and axillaries ashy
brown with white tips ; wings above brown, the coverts slightly
washed with ashy grey ; tail blackish brown, tipped with white,
these white tips obsolete on the centre feathers, but gradually in-
creasing in extent towards the outer ones (especially on the inner
web), the outermost having also a pale outer web ; shafts of the
four centre feathers brown, of the next one on each side half brown
and half white, of the outer three feathers white ; " iris black "
(J. Brencliley). Total length 6"1 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 3'2,
tail 3*65, tarsus 0"9.

Hah. Banks's group of islands.

a. 2 ad. sk. Vanua Lava, Banks's Lslands, J. Brenchley, Esq. [P.].
Aug. 1865. (Type of species.)

9. Rhipidura melanolaema.

Muscylva pectoral, Ilombr. et Jacq. Vay. Pole Sud, Atlas, fl. 11. fig. 3.
Muscylva pectoralis, Jacq. et Pticher. Voy. Pole Sud, texte, iii. p. 76

{nee Jerdon).
Rhipidura pectoralis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 258 ; id. List B. Trop. Isl.

Pacific Ocean, p. 17 ; id. Handnl. B. i. p. 331, no. 4974.

Adult (type of species). General colour above chocolate-brown, of
an ochreous cast, the upper tail-coverts more rufous ; wing-coverts
darker brown, washed with the same colour as the back, the least
and median series with small, nearly obsolete, white tijM ; quills
dark brown, externally margined with the same colour as the back ;
tail-feathers dark brown, tipped with white, increasing in extent
towards the outermost ; a narrow frontal line, lores, fore part of
cheeks, and ear-coverts black ; frontal feathers brown, tipped with
white, extending backwards, and forming a white spot over the fore
part of the eye ; hinder part of cheeks white, foinning a second
patch of white ; entire throat black ; chest scale-like, the feathers
being black, broadly margined with white ; remainder of under
surface below white, the flanks brown ; under tail-coverts white,

VOL. IV. T

314 iirscicAPiDJE.

with black bases ; under \viug-covert8 and axillaries white, with
brown bases ; quills brown below, buffy whitish along the edge of
the inner web. Total length 5-9 inches, culmen Oo, wing 2-8, tail
3-3, tarsus OS. (J/hs. Paris.)

Hah. Island of MalikoUo or Vanikoro, New Hebrides.

10. RMpidura kuharii.

Rhipidura kubaiyi, Finsch, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 644 ; id. Jmrn. 3Ius.
Godeffr. 1876 (Heft xii.) p. 29, pi. 2. fig. 2 ; id. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 770.

Adult male. General colour above smoky brown, the crown uni-
form with the back, the upper tail-coverts darker brown ; wings
uniform dark brown ; tail-feathers dark brown, tipped with white,
increasing in extent towards the outermost ; feathers in front of and
below the eye blackish, the ear-coverts browner ; from the base of
the bill to above the eye a broad white streak ; throat black, the
chin and a moustachial streak white ; fore neck and chest mottled,
the feathers being black in the centre, with distinct white margins :
sides of breast dark ashy ; centre of body white, the sides brown,
washed wdth ashy ; thighs brown ; under tail-coverts blackish,
broadly tipped with white ; under wing-coverts dark ashy brown,
with slight edgings of white ; quills dark brown below, edged with
ashy whitish along the inner webs : " bill and feet black " (Kuhary).
Total length 6-5 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 2-7, tail 3-35, tarsus 0-75.

Hah. Ponape Island.

a. S ad, sk, Ponap^ (Kvhary). Godeffroy Museum.

11. Rhipidura personata.

Rhipidura persouata, Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. i. pp. 43, 72.
Rhipidura, sp., Layard, Ibis, 1876, p. 392.

Adult. AU the upper surface brown, of a duller and darker tint
on the head and neck ; upper tail-coverts and tail blackish brown,
the outermost feathers on each side of the tail margined with white,
narrowly at the tip, and becoming only a very narrow line of white
margining the inner webs, the shafts of these feathers below white,
the next two on either side having only a very small white mark at
the apex ; wings above broAvn, the inner secondaries margined on
the outer webs with dull light buff; under wing-coverts brown,
margined with silvery white ; head and neck dark brown ; a line of
white extends from the forehead over the eye to the upper part of
the ear-coverts ; lores, ear-coverts, and a narrow line round the eye
blackish brown ; from the posterior angle of the eye, over the ear-
coverts, a short line of white ; throat and sides of the neck below
white ; from the centre of the throat, extending and widening out
on the chest, is a broad, somewhat triangular patch of black ; the
lower part of the chest, the breast, and remainder of the under
surface of the body and under tail-coverts white; the sides and
flanks tinged with olive-brown, more extensively in some than in

45. KniPibiTKA. 315

others ; bill black, lower mandible whitish ; legs and feet dark lead-
bliie; iris light brown. Total length 6-2 inches ; wing 3- 2 : tail
3- 75 ; tarsus 0-4 ; bill from gajje 0-55, from forehead 0-4, from
nostril 0'3. (Eamsai/.)

The sexes are alike in plumage, but the female appears to have a
greater extent of olive-brown on the flanks and sides.

Ilab. Island of Kandavu, Fiji group *.

12. EMpidora albilimbata.

Rhipidura albolimbata, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vi. p. 312, x.
p. l;3o.

Adult female (Atam ; type of species). General colour above dark
slate-colour, the head blackish ; sides of face also black ; from the
ba-se of the bill a broad white eyebrow running above the ear-
coverts, and behind the eye a little narrow streak of white ; least
wing-coverts like the back ; remainder of the coverts brownish
black, tipped with a small spot of white, smaller on the median
than on the greater coverts ; quiUs brownish black ; tail black, the
two outer feathers tipped with Avhite, the third with a tiny white
spot at the tip ; throat white ; chest black ; remainder of under
surface dark slaty grey, the feathers in the centre of the breast
tipped broadly with white, forming a conspicuous breast-patch ;
under tail-coverta white, with dusky bases : under wing-coverts
white, with dusky brown bases ; quills ashy blackish below, edged
with whity brown along the inner web. Total length o"5 inches,
culmen 0*4, wing 2-8, tail 3*05, tarsus 0'6. {Mus. Civic. Genov.)

Hah. North-western New Guinea : Atam.

13. Rhipidura nebulosa.

Rhipidura nebulo.^a, Peale, U.S. Rvpl. Exp. p. 199, pi. 27. fig. 1 ;
Ilartl Arch. f. Xatur//. 1852. p. 101 ; Cass. U.S. Rvpl. Exp. p. ].51,
pi. 9. fig. 2 ; 'Crrai/, List B. Trap. Isl. Pacif. Ocean, p. 17 ; Finsch
4" Hartl. Faun. Centralpolyn. p. 86; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 3.31,
no. 4973; Finsch 8,- Hartl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 23; Whitmee, Ibis,
]87o, p. 409 ; Laijard, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 493.

Rhipidura fuscescens. Cab. 1:^ Eeichen. J. f. O. 1876, p. 319; Sakad.
P. Z. S. 1877, p. 194.

Adult. Above dark ashy grey, the head and the wing-coverts
uniform with the back : greater coverts and quiUs brown, washed
with ashy grey on the secondaries ; tail dark brown, with a slight
shade of ashy ; the two centre tail-feathers with brown shafts, all
the others with white shafts and tipped with white, increasing in
extent towards the outermost, and extending a little way up the
inner web ; sides of the face dark ashy, with an obscure spot of

* The exact locality is not stated by Mr. Ramsay ; but Mr. Layard {I. c.)
states that anew Rhipidura w.os in j\Ir. Ratniiay'.s possession from Kandaru, and
that is doubtless the present species.

y2

316 MUSCICAPID^.

white over the t'oie part of the eye, and a second streak of white
behind the eye above the ear-coverts ; throat dull ashy, with hoary
margins to the feathers ; foro neck and chest clearer ashy : centre
of body pale ochreous buff ; sides of body ashy brown ; under tail-
coverts white ; thighs brown ; under wing-coverts ashy grey ; quills
dark brown, lighter brown along the inner web ; " bill blackish, the
lower mandible paler at the base ; feet horn-blackish ; iris brown "
{Graeffe). Total length 5-0 inches, culmcn 0-4, wing 2-75, tail 3-35,
tarsus 0'65.

Hab. Samoa or N'avigator's Islands.

a. Ad., b. Juv. sk. Upolu, Samoa. Rev. S. J. Whitmee [C.].

14. Rhipidura faliginosa.

Muscicapa faliginosa, Sparrm. Mus. Carls, i. pi. 47.
Musicapa deserti, Gm. 6". N. i. p. 940 (e.r Sparrm.).
Rhipidura melanura, Gi-ay, in Diejf'cnb. Trav. N. Zeal. ii. App. p. 191 ;

id. Gen. B. i. p. 258 ; id. Ibis, 18(12, p. 225 ; id. Voy.Ereb.Sf Terror,

p. 8 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 330, no. 4954.
Rhipidura fuliginosa, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 258 ; Finsch, J. f. O. 1872,

p. 165, et 1874, p. 190 ; Buller, B. N. Zeal. p. 146 ; Sharpe, Voy.

Ereb. ^- Terr., App. p. 26.
Leucocerca melanura, Bp. Consp. i. p. 324.

Rhipidm-a sombre, Hombr. ^- Jacq. Voy. PoleSud, Atlas, pi. 11. fig. 4.
Rhipidura tristis, Jacq. ^- Pucheraii, Voy. Pole Slid, iii. p. 76 (1853) ;

Gray, Ibis, 1862, p. 226.

Adult male (type of R. melanura). General colour above smoky
brown or chocolate, the upper tail-coverts blackish slate-colour, con-
trasting with the back ; wings dark brown ; tail uniform blackish
broAvn ; crown of head and sides of face dusky ashy brown ; throat
dull ashy ; remainder of under surface chocolate ; " bill black, white
at the base of the lower mandible ; tarsi and toes blackish brown ;
iris black " {Buller). Total length 6-3 inches, culmen 0*3, wing 2-95,
tail 4*15, tarsus 0*75.

Adult female. Similar to the male, but with the white spots behind
the ears much reduced (Buller). Total length 6-2 inches, culmen
0-3, wing 3-05, tail 3-9, tarsus 0-75.

Hah. New Zealand.

a,b. c? 5 ad. sk. Port Cooper, New Zealand. Capt. Stokes [P.].

(Types of R. melanura.)

15. Rhipidura brachyrhyncha.

Rhipidura brachyrhyncha ( 5 ), Schl. N. T. D. iv. p. 42; Salvad. Ann.

Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 923.
Rhipidura atra ( c? ), Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 922, xii.

p. 324.

Adult male (Atam ; type of R. atra, Salvad.). General colour
above slaty black, as well as the entire under surface of the body ;
head and sides of face deeper black, with a spot of silky white

45. RHIPIDUKA. 317

plumes above the eye ; wings brownish black ; tail deep black ;
under wing-coverts blackish, with broad white edges ; quills dusky
brown below, lighter brown along the edge of the inner web. Total
length 6*2 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 3-05, tail 3'5, tarsus (>85.
{Mas. Genov.)

Adult female {h-vidik Mountaiffs; B.hrac7i)/rhi/ncha,HchL). General
colour above bright cinnamon, the head browner ; lores, eyebrow,
sides of face, and ear-coverts deep cinnamon ; wing-coverts and
(liiills blackish brown, all the feathers edged with deep cinnamon ;
four centre tail-feathers black, the next one on each side extemaU}'
cinnamon, internally black, the three outer feathers bright cinna-
mon ; entire under surface of body cinnamon-rufous, a little duller
than the back, and more fulvous on the chin and throat ; under wing-
coverts light cinnamon, as also the inner edges of the quiUs, which
are dusky blackish below. Total length 6"3 inches, culmen 0'45,
wing 2-95, tail 3*7, tarsus 0*7. {Mus. Civic. Genov.).

Hah. North-western New Guinea.

IG. Ehipidura albicollis.

Platyrhynchos albicollis, Vieill. N. Diet, d'lltst. Nat. xxvii. p. 13.
Muscicapa (Muscylva) albogularis, Less, in Belang. Voy., Zool. p. 264 ;

Pihcher. Arch. Mus. vii. p. 372.
Rhipidura fuscoventris, Frankl. P. Z. S. 1831, p. 117 ; Jerd. HI Ind.

Om. text to pi. ii ; Bli/t/i, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 935, xv. p. 290 : id.

Cat. B. Mm. A. S. B. p. 20G ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259 ; Bp. Consp.

i. p. 324 ; Gray, Cat. Mamm. ^-c. Nepal Coll. Hodqs. p. 93 ; Jard.

Contr. Om. 1862, p. 92 ; Horsf. Sf Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co.

i. p. 145 ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 451 ; Gray, Iland-l. B. i. p. 331, no.

4984 ; Cock ^- Marsh. Sir. F. 1873, p. 352 ; Ball, Sir. F. 1874,

p. 404; Brooks, Sfr. F. 1875, p. 235.
lihipidura albigula, Ilodys. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 84.
Muscicapa (Rhipidura) sannio, Sundev. Ann. N. H. xviii. p. 174.
Leucocerca fuscoventris, Hume, Nests and Eggs Ind. B. p. 200.
Leucoceica albicollis, Hume, Str. F. 1874, p. 475, et 1875, p. 103;

Blyth ^- Walden, B. Burm. p. 132.

Adult male. General colour above smoky black, the crown, lores,
sides of face, and chin deep black : over the eye a white superciliary
streak ; wings browner than the back, the coverts rather more
smoky black like the back ; two centre tail-feathers black, the rest
broadly tipped with white, before which is a slight shade of brown ;
across the lower throat a patch of dull white, extending on each side
to the side of the neck ; rest of under surface slaty black, the greater
series of under wing-coverts tipped with white ; " eyelids grey ; iris
deep brown ; inside of mouth fleshy white" (0« its)- Total length
6-7 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 3-1, tail 4, tarsus 0*7.

Adult female. Like the male, but greyer below, with more white
on the throat. Total length G-S inches, wing 2-8, tail 3"9, tarsus
0-75.

Youwj. Much browner than the adults, with rufescent tips to
the wing-coverts ; under surface of bodv shaded with dull rufous

318 MUSCICAPID^.

edges to the feathers ; white eye-streak indistinct, and the white
spot on the throat almost entirely absent.
Ilah. India and Burmese countries.

a. Ad. sk. lodia. Purchased.

h. Ad. sk. Cashmere. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

c. Ad. sk. Lower hills, Murree. Capt.C.H.T.Marshall[P.].

d. Ad. sk. Murroe. Capt. J. Biddulph [0.].

e. 2 jun. sk. Simla, June 1865. Capt. J. Biddulph | C.].

f. Ad. sk. N.W. Himalayas. Capt. Stackhouse I'inwill

IP.].

(/. Ad. sk. Darjiling. J.Fotheringham,Esq.[P.].

'h-l. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.j.

m, n. Ad. sk. Upper Assam {Dr. lieid). R. B. Sharps, Esq. [P.]-

(). 2 ad. sk. " Dense giass jungle below Dr. J. Anderson [C].

Bhamau, Jan. (31, 1875."

p. c5' ad. sk. Pousee, Kalihyen hills, March Dr. J. Anderson [C.].

28, 1875.

17. EMpidura squamata.

Rhipidura squamata. Mull. S^ ScJil. Natuurl. Gesch. Land- en Volkenk.
p. 184; Grmj, Gen. B. i. p. 259; Bp. Cunsp. i. p. 323: Finsch,
Neu-Guinea, p. 169; Gi'ay, Hand-l. B. i. p. 331, no. 4979 ; Salvad.
P. Z. «■. 1878, p. 84.

Rhipidura griseicauda, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 924.

Adult. Head and neck brown, shading off paler on the mantle ;
rest of back, rump, and upper tail-coverts foxy red or bay ; wings
brOAvn, with a slight shade of ashy brown on the coverts, the
secondaries edged with lighter brown ; tail-feathers ashy brown,
tipped with white, more broadly on the outer ones, the extreme
bases of the feathers bay ; a frontal line of white extending back-
wards and forming an eyebrow ; the feathers above this eyebrow
mottled with black spots ; lores, feathers round the eye, and ear-
coverts dusky black ; cheeks extending in a narrow line backwards,
chin, and upper half of the throat white ; lower throat black,
forming a conspicuous patch ; centre of breast and abdomen white,
the .sides of the body and thighs ashy brown ; fore neck mottled
with black and white, the feathers being black with broad white
edges ; under tail-coverts dusky brown, with broad white tips ;
under wing-coverts white, with brown bases ; quills brown below,
with whitish edgings to the inner web. Total length 6'5 inches,
culmen 0-5, wing 2'75, tail 3-5, tarsus 0-8.

06s. On comparing the Salwati specimen with another from Banda
collected by Mr. Wallace, a difference in the forehead is observable.
The Banda bird, true R. squamata of Miiller, has a broad black fore-
head, with a small spot of whito above the fore part of the eye. In
the New-Guinea individual the forehead is white, extending back-
Avards over the eye. The type of R. griseicauda, from Waigiou, how-
ever, kindly lent me by Count Salvadori, shows the frontal plumes
bro^^■^ with white tips; and as it appears a somewhat changeable

45. RHIPIBUKA. 310

character, I prefer not to separate them specifically ou a single spe-
cimen from each locality.

Hah. New Guinea, Banda, "Waigiou.

a. Ad. sk. Salwati. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.J.

b. Ad. sk. Banda. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

18. RMpidura elegantula.
Rhipidui'a elegantula, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mmemn, vol. i. no. 6,p. 22.

Adult male (Lettie, June 1st, 1866 ; type of species). General
colour above bright cinnamon-rufous, rather lighter on the back,
rump, and upper tail-coverts ; wings ashy brown, with reddish
edgings to the wiug-coverts and quills, a little plainer on the secon-
daries, the greater coverts fulvescent at their tips ; tail-feathers
ashy brown, rufous at the extreme base and for a little extent of
the margins of both webs, all tipped with white, increasing in ex-
tent on the outer ones, and extending even some distance up the
outer web of the exterior feather ; forehead conspicuouslj' white,
extending backwards above the fore part of the eye ; a narrow
frontal line of black plumelets, tipped with rufous ; lores, feathers
round the eye, aud ear-coverts black ; cheeks and throat white, ex-
tending backwards in a triangular mark on the sides of the neck ;
across the throat a black band, separating the white throat from
the rest of the under surface, which is also white, washed slightly
with buff on the sides of the body ; the feathers on the fore neck
adjoining the black throat-band with black bases, producing a
mottled appearance when the plumage is disturbed ; thighs white,
with brown bases ; under wing-coverts white ; quills ashy brown
below, whitish along the inner web. Total length 6'5 inches, cul-
men 0-5, wing 2-9, tail 3'9, tarsus 0-85. {Mus. Lugd.)

Hah. Island of Lettie.

19. Ehipidtira rufifrons.

Rufous-fronted Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl. ii. p. 220.

Muscicapa rufifrons, Lath. hid. Orn. Suppl. ii. p. 1.

Rhipidura rufifrons, Vi(/. §• Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 248 ; Gould,

B. Austr. folio, ii. pi. 84 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259 ; Bp. Consp. i.

p. 82.3; Reichenb. Voy. Niuholl. p. 98; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i.

p. 240 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 830, no. 4956; Diyyles, Orn. Austr.

pi. 36. fig. 1 ; Ratnsay, Ibis, 1875, p. 377 ; id. Proc. Linn. Soc.

N. S. TV. ii. p. 182.
Rhipidura torrida, Wallace, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 477, pi. 28; Gray, Hand-l.

B. i. p. 831, no. 4982 ; Salvad. Atti R. Accad. Torino, ix. p. 632.

Adidt male. Head, neck, and sides of latter earthy brown ; re-
mainder of back and upper tail-coverts bright bay, the mantle shaded
with brown ; wing-coverts and quills scpia-brown, externally
washed with earthy brown, rather more rufous on the greater
coverts and secondaries ; tail-feathers bay- coloured at the base,
sepia-brown for the terminal half, distinctly tipped with white ;

320 MUSOICAPID^.

forehead bay, extending in a small streak backwards above the eye ;
lores, feathers below the eye, and ear-coverts blackish ; lower edge
of eyelid white ; cheeks and upper part of the throat white ; lower
part of the throat black, forming a large patch ; fore neck mottled
with black and white, the feathers being black in the centre, with
broad white margins ; centre of breast and abdomen white ; sides of
body, thighs, and under tail-coverts deep fawn-buff ; under wing-
coverts white, washed with buff on the edge of the wing ; quills
dusky brown below, with whitish edges to the inner webs ; " bill,
feet, and iris brown " {Gould). Total length 6*3 inches, culmen 0"5,
wing 2-95, tail 3-5, tarsus 0-8.

Adult female. A little duller in colour than the male, the ear-
coverts browner, and the mantle more shaded with brown. Total
length 6"1 inches, wing 2'85, tail 3*4, tarsus 0-75.

Totmg. Reprodiicing the colours of the adult, but having them
all more dingy, and the red on the forehead and underparts paler
and more buff ; wing-coverts aU tipped with rufous ; throat and
cheeks duU white, with a slight shade of rufous ; fore neck dull
black, the edgings dingy white and broader than in the adults, the
sides of the breast dull ashy.

Hab. Australia : " Port Denison, Wide-Bay district, Eiehmond
and Clarence rivers district, N. S. Wales, Victoria " (E. P. liamsay).
Barnard Islands ; island of Ternate.

«. Juv. sk. Australia. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

h. Ad. st. Australia. J. Gould, Esq. [0.].

c. S ad. sk. Barnard Islands, June 9, 1848 Capt. Stanley [P.].

(J. MacyilKvray) .

d. $ ad. sk. Flew on board near Cape York, Capt. Stanley [P.].

Oct. 6, 1848 (/. M.).

e. Juv. sk. Cape York. Mr. Cockerell [C.].

/. c? ad. sk. Ternate Island. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

(Type of R. torrida.)

20. Rhipidura versicolor.
Rhipidura versicolor, Hartl. 6f Finsch, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 96.

Adult. TJppei-parts a rich brown with a slight reddish tinge ;
forehead bright rufous ; upper and under tail-coverts rufous ; throat
white, margined underneath by an irregular jugdar band of pure
black ; pectoral plumes black, broadly margined with yellowish
white ; middle of abdomen whitish, sides of a paler olive-brown ;
under wing-coverts whitish ; wing-feathers blackish brown ; tail-
feathers brownish black, all largely tipped with white, the four
middle ones rufous at the base, the white terminal spots becoming
smaller towards the middle ; beak fuscous, the under mandible
paler, except at the tip ; feet fuscous. Total length about 5" 9'",
bill from front 4|"', wing 2" 6'", tail 3" 3'", tarsus 8'". {Hartlaub 6f
Finsch, I. c.)

Hah. Island of Uap, Mackenzie group.

45. EHIPIDTIRA. 321

21 . Rhipidura semirubra.
lihipidura semirubra, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 552.

Adult male (Admiralty Islands; J.Murray, Voy. ofH.M.S. Chal-
leiir/er ; type of species). General colour above cinnamon-rufous,
including tbe forehead and eyebrow ; wing-coverts ashy brown, with
a narrow edging of cinnamon ; quills dark brown, the primaries
shaded with chocolate-brown, the secondaries narrowly edged with
cinnamon ; tail-feathers dark brown, rufous at base, tipped with
ashy, inclining to a white spot on the inner web ; feathers in front
of and round the eye, as well as the ear-coverts, blackish ; cheeks
and throat white ; on the lower throat a black patch, the feathers of
the adjoining fore neck being black with broad white margins, the
centre of the breast and of the abdomen whitish ; the sides of the
upper breast dusky grey ; the sides of the body and flanks dull cin-
namon-buif, the under tail-coverts more decidedly rufous ; under
wing-coverts white, with ashy bases ; quills ashy brown below, with
an ashy edging to the inner webs. Total length 5-8 inches, culmen
0-55, wing 2-8, tail 3-3, tarsus 0-8.

Hab. Admiralty Islands.

22. Rhipidura semicoUaris.

Rhipidura semicoUaris, Miill. ^ Schl. Natuurl. Gesch. Land- en Volketik.
p. 184, note ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259 ; Bp. Cmisp. i. p. 323 ; Wal-
lace, P. Z. S. 18(j3, p. 485; Finsch, Neii-Guinea, p. 1G9; Gray,
Hand-l. B. i. p. 331, no. 4968.

Adult male. Head and neck brown, shading off on the mantle ;
rest of back, rump, and upper tail-coverts bay ; wings ashy brown,
the coverts and secondaries faintly edged with rufous, the primaries
with obsolete margins of hghter brown ; tail-feathers ashy brown,
tipped with white, before which is a shade of lighter ash-colour, the
middle feathers washed with bay near the base ; forehead rufous-
bay ; eyelid white ; lores, feathers below and in front of the eye,
and ear-coverts black ; cheeks, chin, and upper half of throat white ;
lower half of throat black, forming a patch extending upon each
side of the neck ; fore neck whitish, remainder of under surface
light fulvous, paler in the centre of the body and deeper on the
under tail- coverts ; thighs brown ; imder wing-coverts silky white,
with a fulvous tinge, clearer on the edge of the wing ; quills dusky
brown below, whitish along the edge of the inner web. Total
length G"2 inches, culraen 0-5, wing 2*6, tail 3*2, tarsus 0'8.

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 6'3 inches,
wing 2-5, tail 3-1, tarsus 0-8.

Hab. Timor group of islands.

a, 6. c? 9 'wl. sk. E. Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

c. Ad. xk. Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.J.

322 MUscrcAPiD.i5.

23. RMpidura dryas.

Rhipiduni dryas, Gould, B. Austr. fol. i. Introd. p. xxxix ; Bp. Connp.
Av. i. p. 32.'5; Reichenh. Vog. Neuholl. p. 28G; Gould, Handb. B.
Austr. i. p. 242 ; Gray, Hcmd-l. B. i. p. 330, no. 4957 ; Gould, B.
N. Guinea, pt. ii. ; Bmnsai/, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 182.

Achdt (type of species). Very similar to R. semicollaris of Timor,
but distinguished by having the brown of the back extending lower
down, so as to leave only the rump and upper tail-covcrts rufous,
by the ear-coverts being bro'svn instead of black, and by its buffy-
white under surface, much paler than in its Timor ally. The ends
to the tail-fcathei's are much broader and purer white. Total length
(i-2 inches, culmen 0'45, wing 2-7, tail 3*45, tarsus 0*75.

Hub. Port Essington, Australia.

a. Ad.sk. Port Essington. J. Gould, Esq. (Tj-pe of species).

24. Rhipidura rufldorsa.

Rbipidiira rufidorsa, Meyer, Sitz. k. Akad. fVien, Ixx. p. 200 ; Scdvad.
Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 923.

Adult female (Jobi). General colour above bright cinnamon, the
head, nape, and sides of face light brown, the ear-coverts paler ;
over the eye a streak of nifous-buff from the base of the bill ;
cheeks and throat dull whitish ; breast, sides of body, thighs, and
under tail-coverts light fawn-buff, with a shade of ashy brown on
the fore neck and sides of chest ; abdomen white, slightly washed
with brown : under wing-coverts fawn-buff ; wing-coverts and quills
dark brown externally, edged with cinnamon-rufous like the back ;
tail-feathers ashy-brown, edged with cinnamon-rufous near the base,
and aU broadly tipped with white. Total length 5-G inches, culmen
0-4, wing 2*6, tail 2-9, tarsus U"75. {Mus. Civic. Genov.)

Hah. Island of Jobi.

a. S ad. sk. Ansus, Jobi, June 1873. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.].

25. Rhipidura lepida.

Rhipidura lepida, Hartl. i§- Finsch, P. Z. S. 18G8, pp. 6, 117 ; Gray,
Hand-l. B. i. p. 331, no. 4975 ; Finsch, Journ. Mus. Godeffr. viii.
p. 21, pi. 4. fig. 23.

Adult male. General colour above foxy rufous or deep bay, the
wing-coverts like the back, the greater scries internally sepia-
bro\^Ti ; primary-coverts and primaries sepia-brown, the secon-
daries externally bay, the innermost almost entirely of the latter
colour ; tail-feathers sepia-brown, bay-coloured at the base and at
the tip, forming a broad terminal band, the outer feathers externally
edged with the same colour ; lores and feathers round the eye
blackish ; ear-coverts brown ; cheeks, throat, and fore neck white,
with a broad band of black across the lower throat ; sides of neck

45. RHIPIDUKA. 323

ashy grey, slightly washed with rufous ; rest of under surface of
body, as well as the under wing-coverts, foxy rufous, like the back ;
quills brown below, rufous along the inner web ; " iris black."
Total length 6'3 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3*25, tail 3*5, tarsus 0'95.

Adult female. Not distinguishable from the male. Total length
6-9 inches, wing 3-2, tail 3*6, tarsus 0-95.

YouiH/. Like the adults, but with a browner head, and having a
dusky-brown throat-mark washed with rufous, instead of the black
spot of the adult.

Hub. Pelew Islands.

(') ^- c? 2 ad. st. Pelew Islands {Kubary). Museum Godeflroy.

c. Ad. ; d. Juv. sk. Pelew Islands. Mr. Cohen [C.].

26. Ehipidura rufa.
Rhipidura rufa, Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civic. Genov. \di, p. 923.

Adult female (type of species). General colour above cinnamon,
browner on the head, deeper and more chestnut on the rump and
upper tail-coverts ; wing-coverts and quills brown, margined with
rufous ; tail brown, rufous on the outer webs of the two centre tail-
feathers, the others blackish on the inner webs, rufous-brown on the
outer, all the feathers with rufous shafts and broad tips of pale
rufous ; lores pale orange-buff ; sides of face and chin dusky cin-
namon ; throat dull ashj- ; remainder of under surface pale cinnamon-
buff; under tail-coverts chestnut; under wing-coverts pale cin-
namon ; quills dusky brown below, with light rufous edges to the
inner webs. Total length 5'8 inches, culmen 0"-i, wing 2-ob, tail
3*4, tarsus 0'7o. {Mus. Civic. Genov.)

Hah. North-western New Guinea ; Arfak Mountains.

27. Rhipidura cyaniceps,

Muscipeta cyaniceps, Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1855, p. 438 ; id. U.S.

Expl. Krp. p. 145, pi. 9. fig. 1.
Rhipidura camceps (lapsu), Gray, Iland-l. B. i. p. 331, no. 4966.
Philentoma cyauicep?, Walden, Tr. Z. 8. ix. p. 182 ; Sharpe, Tr. Linn.

Soc. new series, i. p. 325 ; Tweeddale, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 693.

Adult. Head and neck slaty grey, the crown streaked with
silvery cobalt down each feather ; sides of face, sides of neck, and
mantle dull greyish ; back and scapulars chestnut ; wing-coverts
slaty grey with faint shaft-streaks of brighter blue, the innermost
of the greater series chestnut like the back ; quills blackish, the
secondaries externally edged with chestnut, the innermost entirely
of the latter colour ; two centre tail-feathers black, the next on
each side black on the inner web, chestnut on the outer, the rest of
the tail chestnut ; entire throat and breast slaty grey, streaked
down the centre of the feathers with silvery blue ; rest of the under
surface deep ochraceous buff, as jdso the under wing-coverts ; under
tail-coverts light chestnut. Total length 6-2 inches, culmen 0"5,
wing 3-15, tail 3-5, tarsus 0-65.

324 MTJSCICAPID^.

Hub. Islands of Luzon and Mindanao in the Philippine archi-
pelago.

a. Ad. St. Mindanao. Hugh Cuming, Esq. [P.].

b. (S ad. sk. Monte Alban, Luzon, March li. B. Shai-pe, Esq. [P.].

1877 {A. Everett).

28. RMpidura albiventris.

Philentoma albiventiis, Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. new series, i. p. 325 ;
Tweeddak, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 284.

Adult (type of species). Head and neck all round greyish blue,
with lighter- coloured streaks of more silvery blue to the feathers of
the forehead, throat, and fore neck ; rest of the back and scapulars
bright bay, some of the uppermost of the latter slightly washed with
greyish blue : wing-coverts dull greyish blue like the head, the
innermost of the greater series greyish on the inner web, bay on the
outer : primaries blackish externally, with a slight wash of grey, the
secondaries externally bright bay, the innermost having the entire
outer web of this colour ; two centre tail-feathers black, the two
next black on the inner web, bright bay on the outer, the rest of
the tail-feathers uniform bay ; entire belly white, the feathers
adjoining the chest more or less washed with blue-grey and distinctly
streaked with white down the shaft ; lower flanks slightly washed
with buif ; vent and under tail- coverts light bay ; thighs light bay,
with grey bases to the feathers. Total length 6'4 inches, culmen
0-65, wing 3-05, tail 3'45, tarsus 0"7. {CoU. J. B. Steere.)

Hah. Islands of Guimaras and Negros in the Philippine archi-
pelago.

29. Rhipidura phcenicura.

Rhipidura phcenicura, MuU. S,- Schleg. Nutuurl. Gesch. Land- en Volk.
p. 18.5, note ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 323 ; Gray,
Hand-l. B. i. p. 330, no. 4962.

Adult male. Head blackish, slightly shaded with grey ; back
brown, slightly rufescent towards the rump ; the latter as weU as
the upper tail-coverts and tail chestnut, paler at the tip of the tail-
feathers ; wing-coverts like the back, the greater series and the
quills deep sepia-brown, the secondaries washed externally with
rufous, with which the greater coverts are also tipped ; over the eye
a streak of white feathers ; lores, sides of face, cheeks, and chin
black ; throat white, widening out on the hinder part of the cheeks ;
across the lower throat a blackish collar ; chest dull ashy ; centre of
body and under tail-coverts ferruginous, inclining to bay on the
latter ; sides of body washed with brown ; under wing-coverts
light ferruginous ; quills dusky brown below, light rufous along
the edge of the inner webs ; " bill black ; feet blackish ; iris brown "

45. BHIPIDXJKA. 325

pmier). Total length 6-5 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 2-7, tail 3-4
tarsus 0-7. '

ffab. Java, Borneo *.

a" ^a' ®*' , , , •^*'^^- Purchased.

0. Ad. ; c. Ad. sk. W. Java. A. R. WaUace, Esq. [C.].

30. Rhipidura threnothorax,

RMpidura threnothorax, JIUIL .$■ Schle;,. Natuurl. Gesch. Land- en

QioP-c?'\''°r^^= '^^''"^'' ^^'^n.B. i. p. 2o9; Bp. Consp. Av. i

p. 323 ; Scl. Pr. L»m Soc. 1858, p. 161 ; Grm,, Cat B. Xeiv Guin.

^. Z^\Jtnsch, JSeu-Giimea, p. 2S ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p 331

no. 49/3; Meyer, Sitz. k. Ahad. Wien, Ixbc. p. 21->. '

Rhipidura fumosa, Schl. N. T. D. iv. p. 42.

Adult. General colour above light brown, duller on the lower
back and rump, where the feathers have dark-brown bases ; upper
tail-coverts and tail blackish brown ; wing-coverts and quiUs dark
brown, edged with the lighter brown of the back ; crown of head
brown, a Httle duller than the back ; from the base of the bill a very
broad white streak extending above the eye and surmounted by 'a
line of black, formed by the black tips to the superciHary feathers •
in front of the eye a blackish patch; ear-coverts ashy brown-
cheeks and throat pure white ; fore neck and chest slaty black, with
numerous ovate subterminai spots of white ; rest of under surface of
body dull ashy, the veut and under tail-coverts blackish ; under
wing-coverts and axillaries ashy, some of the former edged with
white ; quills brown below, with edgings of lighter brown on the
mner webs ; " upper mandible black, the lower one horn-white •
feet black ; iris brown " (,S. Miiller). Total length 7 inches, culmen
0-6, wing 3-25, tail 3-65, tarsus 0-85.

Young female (type of R. fumosa). General colour above dusky
chocolate-brown, the rump-feathers blacker with brown edgings •
wings darker brown than the back, with very narrow reddish-brown
margins to the feathers ; tail-feathers blackish brown ; lores and
sides of face duU brown ; over the eye an indistinct spot of white ;
throat white ; remainder of under surface of body dusky chocolate'
becoming blacker on the lower abdomen and under tail-coverts •
under wing-coverts like the breast ; quills dull brown below. (Mus.
Lugd.)

Obs. R. fumosa was considered to be distinct from R. threno-
thorax both by Professor Schlegel aud Count Salvadori. I believe
that it is the young of the latter, notwithstanding its uniform breast.
The colouring of the breast varies from chocolate-brown with white
spots to greyish black and entirely black, and the number and size
of the spots also varies greatly, becoming apparently fewer and at
the same time larger with age.

Hab. New Guinea and island of Jobi.

♦ Thi3 species is not included in Count Salvadori's ' Uccelli di Borneo ; ' but
Captain Elwes possesses a specimen said to be from that island.

326 MtTSCICAPlDJ5.

a. Ad. sk. New Guinea. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.

b. Ad. s)f. Salwati. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.

31. Rhipidura maculipectus.

Rhipidura maculipectus, Crray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 17G; Finsch, Neu-
Guinea, p. 109 ; Grai/, Hand-l. B. i. p. 330, no. 49G0 ; Sahxul.
Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. vi. p. 311, ix. p. 2o, et x. p. 134.

Rhipidura maculipennis (lapm), Gray, Cat. B. Nexv Guin. p. 28.

Rhipidura satiu-ata, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xii. p. 323.

Adult male (type of species). General colour above dull blackish
brown, the crown of head, nimp, and upper tail-covcrts blacker ;
wing-coverts slaty black, all minutely tipped with white; quills
blackish brown ; tail-feathers black, tipped with white, increasing
in extent towards the outermost ; sides of face black ; from the base
of the bill a distinct streak of white above the eye ; chin, a broad
moustache running down and widening out on the sides of the
throat, white ; centre of throat and under surface of body black,
rather more ashy on the abdomen ; feathers of the fore neck and
chest subterminally spotted with white ; under tail-coverts black,
tipped with white ; under wing-coverts and axiUaricH blackish,
broadly edged with white ; quills brown below, washed with ashy
on the edge of the inner webs ; " bill black, the lower manchble
white; feet black" (Wallace). Total length 7*7 inches, culmen
0-6, wing 3-1, tail 4-0, tarsus 0-9.

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 7'2 inches,
wing 2-8, tail 3-5, tarsus 0-8.

Ohs. New-Guinea birds have larger and more numerous white
spots on the chest than those from the Aru Islands.

Young female (\:y^e oi E. saturata). General colour above sooty
black, becoming deeper black on the rump and upper tail-coverts ;
wings rather browner than the back ; tail black, all but the two
centre feathers broadly tipped with white ; above the eye a
white streak; lores and sides of face black; chin and sides of
throat white, with black tips to many of the feathers ; centre
of throat and remainder of under surface of body sooty brown,
deepening into black on the under tail-coverts ; the breast-feathers
on being parted show concealed spots of white ; under wing-
coverts blackish, broadly tipped with white ; quills ashy blackish
below. Total length 6-8 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 2-8, tail 3-9,
tarsus 0-85. {Mus. Lugd.)

Ohs. I have examined the type of R. saturata in the Leiden
Museum. On moving the breast>feathers spots of white are plainly
to be seen, and I believe it to be only the young bird of li. maculi-
pectus. The bUl has a blackish spot at the tip of the otherwise
white under mandible ; and this I take also to be a sign of youth.

Hah. Aru Islands and New Guinea.

a,b. cJ ? ad. sk. Aru Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

(Types of species.)

45. RHIPIDURA. 327

I. Wallace, Esq. [CI.
I. Wallace, Esq. [C.I.
I. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

c. Ad. sk. Aril Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.

d. Ad. sk. Salwati. A. R.

e. Adv sk. New Guinea. A. R.

32. Ehipidura leucothorax.

Rhipidura leucothorax, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vi. p. 311, vii.
p. 8:20, ix. p. 25, et x. p. 134.

Adult. General colour above dark chocolate-brown, the rump
more dingy ; upper tail-coverts and tail blackish, all the feathers,
including the two centre ones, tipped with white, the outer ones
more broadly ; wings dark brown, the coverts minutely tipped with
white ; head darker than the back ; lores and sides of face blackish ;
over the eye a narrow line of white ; chin white ; cheeks and lower
throat black ; fore neck and chest black, with ovate subterminal
spots of white ; a triangular patch of white on each side of the lower
throat, widening out on each side of the neck and separated by the
mesial black throat which joins the fore neck ; centre of body white,
the feathers of the upper breast margined with smoky brown ; sides
of body smoky brown ; thighs and under tail-coverts black; under
wing-coverts white, with blackish bases ; quills dark brown, with
lighter brown edges to the inner webs ; " bill black above, white
below; feet and iris black" (Z>'^?ie?-<!s). Total length 6*5 inches,
culmen 0*6, wing 2-9, tail 3-5, tarsus (.>85.

Hob. New Guinea : Xorth-west and South-eastern parts.

a. Ad. sk. New Guinea. Purchased.

33. Rhipidura bourouensis.

Rhipidura bourueusis, Wallace, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 29; Finsck, Neu-
Guinea, p. 109 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 331, no. 4967.

Adult female (type of species). General colour above dark slaty
grey, the crown and sides of face slaty black, with a small streak of
white over the eye ; sides of neck like the back ; wings brown, the
coverts externally washed with slaty grey, the greater series with
obsolete white spots at the tip, the inner secondaries with lighter
edges ; tail dark brown, with a shade of slat}' grey on the outer
webs, the outermost feather bufly white along the outer web ;
throat white, the cheek-feathers black, tipped with white ; breast
slaty grey, the fore neck and chest with numerous ovate spots of
white ; sides of body slaty grey, mixed with ochre on the lower
flanks ; abdomen and under tail-coverts rich ochre, as also the
thighs ; under wing-coverts dull ochraceous, with ashy-brown bases ;
axillaries ashy brown, edged with ochraceous. Total length 7 inches,
culmen 0-6, wing 3*4, tail 3'7, tarsus 0-65.

Hab. Island of Bouru, Moluccas.

a, b. $ ad. sk. Bouru. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

(Tjrpes of species.)
c, d. Ad. sk. Bouru. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

328

MUSCICAPID^.

34. Rhipidura cinerea.

Khipidura cinerea, Wallace, P. Z. S. 18G5, p. 477 ; Grai/, Hand-l. B.
i. p. 331, no. 4981.

Adult (tj-pe of species). General colour above dark ashy grey, the
feathers of the forehead and over the eye with blackish centres ;
sides of face dull blackish ; above the eye a white spot ; wings
brown, the coverts edged with ashy ; lateral rump-feathers with
some silky-white plumes intermixed ; upper tail-coverts dark ashy ;
tail brown, with brown shafts ; cheeks and throat pure white ; chest
ashy grey, with ovate spots of white rather indistinct ; centre of
body and under tail-coverts white, the sides of the body ashy grey ;
thighs ashy ; under wing-coverts white ; axillaries ashy brown,
with whitish edgings to the feathers. Total length 6"9 inches, cul-
men 0'6, wing 3"3, tail 3*4, tarsus 0-6.

Hah. Ceram.

a. Ad. sk. E. Ceram. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

(Tj'pe of species.)

35. Ehipidura perlata.

Ehipidura perlata, S. Mull. Nofuurl. Gesch. Land- en Volkenk. p. 185;

Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259 ; Bj). Consp. i. p. 323 ; Gray, Hand-l. B.

i. p. 331, no. 4969.
Leucocerca rhombifer, Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 57.
Rhipidura guttata. Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 330, no. 4961.
Rhipidura rhombifer, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 331, no. 4978 : Sharne,

Ibw, 1877, p. 18.
Leucocerca perlata, Salmd. Ucc. Born. p. 136.

Adult male. General colour above dark slate-colour, the wing-
coverts coloured like the back ; greater coverts and quills blackish,
externally edged with slaty, the median and greater series with
nearly obsolete tiny spots of white ; tail black, the three outer
feathers broadly tipped with white, and a slight spot of white on
the fourth (often absent) ; lores, feathers round the eye, and ear-
coverts black ; above the eye a streak of black ; cheeks and throat
slaty blackish, with small tips or apical spots of whitish in the form
of streaks ; fore neck and breast also dark slate-colour, with distinct
ovate spots of white, increasing in extent on the latter, and equally
distinct on the sides of the neck ; sides of the body also slaty grey,
the spots disappearing on the flanks ; centre of body and under tail-
coverts white ; thighs duU ashy brown ; under wing-coverts and
axillaries brown, edged with white ; " biU black ; legs dark purplish
leaden; iris dark brown" {A.Everett). Total length 6-8 inches,
culmen 0-65, wing 3-35, tail 3-65, tarsus 0-65.

Hah. Malayan peninsula, Java, Sumatra, and Borneo.

a. c? ad. sk. Mount Ophir, Malacca. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.J.

h. Ad. sk. Java. Purchased.

c. Ad. sk. Sumatra. Purchased.

d. Ad. sk. Borneo.

45. KHIPIDUKA. 329

c. (S ad. sk. Sarawak. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

f,ff. Ad.sk. Sarawak. Governor Ussher [P.].

h. cS y ad. sk. Tagora, M&y 1875. Alfred Everett, Esq. [C],

/. d ad. sk. Bintulu, Oct. 1875. Alfred Everett, Esq. [C.J.

k. Ad. sk. X.W. Borneo. Hugh Low, Esq. [C.].

36. Rhipidura setosa.

Miiscipeta setosa, Qkoi; et Gaim. Voy. de TAsb-oL Zool. '\, p. 181, pi. 4.

fig. 4.
Rhipidura gularis, MiilL i§- ScJil. Natuurl. Gesch. Lund- en Volkenk.

p. 185, note ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259 ; Bp. Cansp. i. p. 323 ; Sclater,

Pi: Linn. Soc. ii. p. 161 (1858); Finsck, Xeu-Guineti, p. 169;

Sclater, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 696 ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic, Genov. vii.

p. 821, viii. p. 393, ix. p. 24.
Rhipidura isura, Gould, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 174; id. B. Atestr. ii. pi. 85;

Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 323 ; Reichenb. Vog.

Neuholl. pp. 98, 286 ; Gotdd, Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 242 ; Finsch,

Neu- Guinea,'^. 169.
Rhipidura setosa, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 2-59; id. Cat. B. Trop. Isl.

Pacijic Isl. p. 17 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 331, no. 4964 ; Salcad. Ann.

Mus. Civic. Genov. x. p. 134 ; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii,

p_. 182.
Rhipidura superciliosa, Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 604.

Adult male. General colour dark ashy grey, the head blackish, as
also the sides of the face ; over the eye a spot of silky white ; least
■vring-coverts ashy, like the back ; remainder of wing-coverts and
quills brown, edged externally with ashy gxey, hoary on the inner
secondaries : upper tail-coverts blackish ; tail blackish, the penul-
timate feather slightly tipped with white, often absent, the outer-
most feather broadly tipped with white, extending some distance up
the outer web ; malar line and throat white ; a broad band of ashy
grey across the fore neck and chest, some of the feathers with whitish
shaft-lines : centre of body light ochraceous buff, fading into white
on the under tail-coverts ; sides of body ashy grey ; thighs brown ;
under wing-coverts ashy brown, the axillaries slightly edged with
whitish ; quills brown below, ashy fulvous along the inner web ;
" bill, feet, and iris black " (D'Albertis). Total length 7 inches, cul-
men 0-6, wing 3-o, tail 3-G, tarsus 0*6.

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 7"2 inches, wing
3-45, tail 3'6, tarsus 0-6.

Hab. Northern Australia, New Guinea and Papuan group of
islands ; Waigiou ; New Ireland ; Duke-of-York Island.

Rev. G. Brown [0.].
A. R.Wallace, Esq. [C.].
A. R.Wallace, Esq. [C.l.
A. R.Wallace, Esq. [Ct
A.R.AViilIace,Esq.[C.].

M. L. Laglaize [C.].

M. L. Laglaize [C],

a, b. Ad. sk.
c,d. 6; e,f. 2
g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.

ad. sk.

Duke-of-York Inland.
Dorey.
New"Guinea,
Salwati.
Amberhaki, New Gui-

k. $ ad. .«ik.
/. cJ ad. sk.

nea.

Amberbaki, Xew Gui-
nea.

Waniai, Arfak Moun-
tains, Feb. 5, 1876

1330 mcsctcapidjE.

wi,H. S ? ad. sk. Mysol. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [CI

0. cJ ad. sk. Waigiou. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.l

p. Ad. sk. Port Essington. J. B. Jukes, Esq. [P.]. '

q. Ad. St. Port Essington. Capt. Chambers [P.].

37. Rhipidura assimilis.

Rbipidiira assimilis, Grai/, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 176 ; id. B. N. Guinea,
p. 28 ; id. P. Z. S. 1801 ; p. 434; Finsch, Nni-Guinea, p. 169; Gray,
Hand-l. B. i. p. 330, no. 4959.

Adult male (tj-pe of species). General colour above light brown ;
wings brown, the coverts like the back, the secondaries with dull
rufescent edges : upper tail-coverts slightly tinged with reddish ;
tail-feathers dark brown, the outermost feather externally edged
with buff)' white, and broadly tipped with the same ; head and neck
dark slaty grey, the sides of the head a little darker : from the base
of the bill above the eye a distinct streak of white ; cheeks and
throat white : fore neck light ashy, varied with white, the feathers
being white in the centre, edged with ashy ; rest of under surface
of body ochraceous buff, including the under wing-coverts and
axillaries ; sides of the body ashy brown : thighs ochraceous, with
dusky brown bases ; quills brown below, with a greyish shade along
the inner webs. Total length 7'3 inches, culmen 0*6, wing 3-3, tail
3-6, tarsus 0"65.

Ohs. The Matabello specimen is slightly larger : wing 3"55 inches.

Hah. Ke Islands and Matabello.

a, h. Ad. sk. K(5 Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

(Tvpes of species.)
c. Ad. sk. Matabello. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

38. Rhipidura kordensis.
Rhipidura kordensis, Mexjer, Sitz. k. Ahad. TVien, Ixx. p. 201.

Adult male, (leneral colour above blackish slate-colour, the head
blacker ; sides of face blackish brown ; over the fore part of the eye
a distinct .spot of siLky white ; cheeks and throat white ; fore neck
and chest black, with ovate spots of white in the centre of the
breast, the flanks blackish slate-colour ; abdomen and under taU-
coverts pure white, the feathers of the breast adjoining the black
collar white, with black bases ; thighs dusky grey, edged with
white ; under wing-coverts blackish slate-colour, edged with white :
upper wing-coverts blackish slate-colour ; greater series, primary-
coverts, and quills browner ; tail black, the two outer feathers
tipped with white, the outermost one more broadly tipped and
edged with white along the whole of the outer web. Total length
6-5 inches, culmen 0-G, wing 3-4, tail 3-4, tarsus 0-65.

Ilab. Island of Misori in Geelvink Bay.

a, i. cJ $ ad. sk. Ivordo, Misori, March ISr.'J. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.].

45. RHiprDCRA. 331

39. Rhipidura vidua.
Rhipidura vidua, Salvad. ^- Turuti, Ann. Mus. Cwk. Genov. vi. p. 313.

Adult female (Koffiao). General colour above slaty grey, llie head
darker ; lores and sides of face slaty black ; over the fore part of the
eye a spot of white ; throat, abdomen, and under tail-coverts whitxj ;
across the breast a broad slatj'-grey band, varied with ovate spots of
white in the centre of the breast-band ; tlanks also slaty grey ; under
wing-coverts white, with dusky grey bases ; least wing-coverts like
the back ; greater and median series, as well as quills, dusky brown,
externally washed with slaty gi'ey ; tail-feathers blackish, shaded
with slaty grey on their edges, the three outermost feathers tipped
A\nth white more broadly on the external rectrix, which has the
white also extending some way up the outer web. Total length
6'3 inches, culmen 0-55. ^ving 3"15, tail 3--4, tarsus 0-6. {Mus.
Genov.)

Hah. Island of Koffiao.

40. Rhipidura obiensis.
Rhipidura obieiisis, Sah-ad. Ann. Mm. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 987.

Adult (type of species). Above slate-colour, the head blacker ;
lores and sides of face blackish, with a small spot of silky white
above the fore part of the eye ; wing-coverts like the back, the
greater series ashy brown, washed with slate-colour and minutely
tipped with white ; primar\--coverts and quiUs dusky brown, edged
externally with slaty grey, the inner secondaries broadlj* edged and
tipped with white : tail (moulting) black, the outer feather broadly
tipped with white, which goes up the outer web for the greater part
of its extent ; throat, abdomen, and under tail-coverts white ; fore
neck, breast, and sides of body slaty grey, the centre feathers with
ovate spots of white ; the under wing-coverts slaty, broadly edged
with white. Total length 6-6 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 3'4, tail 3*4,
tarsus 0*65. {Mus. Civic. Genov.)

Hab. Obi group of islands, Moluccas.

c. $ ad. sk. Obi Major, July 23, 18G2 Leyden Museum [P.].

{Dr. Bernstein).
b. c? ad. sk. Obi Lattoe, Aug. 9, 1862 Leyden Miiaeura [P.].

{Dr. Bernstein).

41. Rhipidura rufiventris.

Platyrhyuchos rufiventris, Vieill. N. Diet, xxvii. p. 21 ; Pucker. Arch.

Mm.'xu. p. 359, pi. 20. fig. 2.
Rhipidura ochrogastra, MiiU. iSc Schl. Natuurl. Gesch. Land- en Volkenk.

p. 185, note ; Grai/, Gen. B.i. ip. 259 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 323; Finsch,

Neu-Guinea, p. 109.
Rhipidura rufiventris, Gray, Iland-I. B. i. p. .331, no. 4965.

Adult male. General colour above dark slaty grey, the head, hind
ju'ck, and sides of neck slats- black ; lores and sides of face blackish

z2

3r52 iirscicAPiDJE.

brown ; over the eye a Avhite spot : least wiiig-coverts slat}- grey,
like the back ; median and greater coverts dark brown, edged with
slaty grey, and having minute apical tips of white ; quills dark
Ijrowu, with lioary-grey external margins : upper tail-coverts black ;
tail black, the two outer feathers tipped with white, extending
nearly the whole way on the outer web of the external feather ;
cheeks, throat, and fore neck white, the sides of the breast greyish,
the fore neck slightly washed with grey; entire breast and under
surface of body, including the under wing-coverts, rich ochraceous
buff, whiter on the under tail- coverts; thighs ochraceous buff, with
brown bases ; quills brown below, ashy along the inner webs. Total
length 7-3 inches, culmen 0-65, wing 3-5, tail 3-85, tarsus 0-7o.
Hah. Timor group of islands.

a. Ad. ; b. 2 ad. sk. East Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [CI.

c,d. S ad. sk. Timor Coupang-. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

e. S ad. sk. Semao, Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

/. Juii. sk. Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

42. Rhipidura diluta.

Rhipidura diluta, Wallace, P. Z. S. 1803, p. 491 ; Fimck, Neu-
Guinea, p. 169; Gray, Hand-l. 5. i. p. .331, no. 4963.

Adult (type of species). General colour above brown, including
the head, the back slightly shaded with ashy ; sides of face brown ;
a small white streak from the base of the bill above the eye ; wing-
coverts brown ; quills brown, externally margined with rufous ; tail
brown, the three outer feathers lighter than the others, with
light ashy-brown tips, increasing on the two outermost, which are
ashy or smoky brown, darker brown towards the base of the inner
web ; cheeks and throat white ; chest and sides of body light ashy
brown ; centre of body and under wing- and tail-coverts light ochra-
ceous : thighs ashy brown ; quills sepia-brown below, rufous along
the inner webs. Total length 6-8 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 2-95,
tail 3-4, tarsus 0-75.

Hal). Island of Flores.

a, b, c. Ad. sk. Flores. A. R. Wallace, Esq. (Types of species.)

43. Rhipidura javanica.

Muscicapa javanica, Sparrm. Mus. Carls, iii. pi. 75 ; Horsf. Tr. Linn.

Soc. xiii. p. 146; liajf. t. c. p. 312; Sundev. Crit. om Sparrm.

p. 12.
? Le Gohe-mouche a lunettes, Levadl. Ois. d'Afr. iv. p. 9, pi. 1-52.
? Platyrhynchos perspicillatus, Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hiitt. Nat. xxvii.

p. 14 {ex Levaill.).
Muscicapa umbellata, Sundev. Ann. N. H. xviii. p. 175.
Rhipidura javanica, Bhjth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 930; Midi. ^- Schl.

Natinirl. Gesck. Land- en Volkenk. p. 185 ; Gra)/, Gen. B. i. p. 259 ;

Loiv, Sarawak, p. 410 ; Horsf. S,- Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i.

p 144 ; Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 271 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 217:

Gray. Hand-l. B. i. p. 332, no. 4991 ; Hume, Str. F. 1874, p. 474.
Rhipidura perspicillata, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259.

45. RHIPlDtJRA. 333

Leucocerca javanica, lilyth, Cut. B. Mm. A. S. B. p. 2UU; Bp. Consp.

i. p. 324 ; Cab. Mus. Hein. Tli. i. p. 57; Bernst. J.f. O. 1859, p. 266 ;

Salcad. Ucc. Born. p. 135; Tiveedd. Ibis, 1877, p. 316; IIu?ne if

Davison, Str. F. 1878, p. 226.
Rhipidura longicauda, Wall. P. Z. S. 1865, p. 476.
Leucocerca iufumata, Hume, Str. F. 1873, p. 455.

Adult female (E. Java). General colour dark brown, very slightly
washed with rufous on the lower back ; least wing-coverts like the
back ; median and greater series and quills dark brown, edged and
tipped with pale rufous-buff, the primaries obsoletely margined ; tail
dark brown, with reddish-brown shafts, all but the two centre
feathers tipped with white : crown of head, sides of face, and ear-
coverts ashy black ; the fore part of the cheeks and chin also black ;
over the eye a line of white ; entire throat white, extending upon the
sides of the neck : across the fore neck a band of black, washed
with grey on the sides ; remainder of under surface yellowish white,
deepening into light fawn-colour on the abdomen and under tail-
coverts ; thigh-feathers brown, edged with fawn-colour ; sides of
body brown : under wing-coverts white ; axillaries dark brown, with
fawn-coloured edgings ; quills brown below, with ashy edges to the
inner webs. Total length 7"2 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 2-85, tail 3-5,
tarsus O'To.

YouiKj. Browner than the adults, the feathers of the upper surface
obscurely edged with rufous, the wing-coverts tipped with dull
rufous ; eye-streak veiy indistinct ; band across the fore neck
browner than in the adult.

Obs. Rhipidura loiujicauda of Wallace is this species, and is
apparently only the adult male. The latter sex I am unable to
describe with certainty, not one of the series in the British Museum
being determined by dissection. Mr. Wallace describes R. longicauda
as "very near R. Jauanico, from which it differs in the longer tail,
narrower white tips to only three outer tail-feathers, and the black
chin." Having not only Mr. Wallace's series, but a much larger
one besides in the Museum from Labuan, I am able to state posi-
tively that these differences are not specific. There is an example
from Labuan exactly agreeing with the type of R. loitgicauda, and
it is evidently of the same species as the other Labuan birds, which
again agree with Javan examples of R. javanica. At the same time
R. longicauda is probably the old male, as it is darker than the
female described, has the head blacker, the hind neck washed ^\ith
slat}' grey, the eyebrow very distinct, the under siirface white with
a slight tinge of fawn-colour, the chin with a very little black, the
collar on the throat intensely black, except at the sides, which are
slaty grey, the lateral breast-feathers mottled, half black and half
white : total length 7'5 inches, culmen 0-G, -wing 3"25, tail 4-1,
tarsus U-9. The breadth of the tips to the tail-feathers varies
greatly, as does also the amount of black on the chin, which depend.s
very much on the way in which the skin is prepared.

ifah. Indo-Chinese countries. Tenasserim, and Cochin China,
ranging down the Malayan peninsula to the Sunda Islands.

334

MTJSCICAPID^.

Half of the tail oi Rhipidurajavanica (reduced).

a. Ad. sk.

b) c. Ad. ; d-f/. Jnr,

h. Ad. sk.

i, k. Ad. sk.

I. Ad. ; m. Jnv. sk,

w, o. Ad. .sk.

p. 2 ad- sk.

y. Ad. sk.

r. Ad. sk.

s. c? ad. ; t. Juv. sk.

M. Ad. st.

v-1/. Ad. sk.

E. Java.

W. Java (H. C.

Buxton) .
Siunatia.

Labuan.
Labiian (Lozc).
Labuau.
Sarawak.
Banjerinas.siHg^.
I'enaug-.
Malacca.
Tenasserim.
Saigon, Cochin
China.

A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.].
F. Nicholson, Esq. [P.].

A. R.Wallace, Esq. [C.].
(Type of -ff. lone/icanda.)
Governor Ussher [C.].
K. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].
Iliio-h Lo-sv, Esq. [C.].
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].
J. Motlev, Esq. [C.].
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.V
A. R.WaUace, Esq. [c
J.C.D. Packman, Esq. [P
jNI. E. Pieii-e [P.].

44. Ehipidura nigritorquis.

Rhipidiira nigi-itorqiiis, Vigors, P. Z. S. 1831, p. 07 ; Oi'ay, Gen. B.

i. p. 259 ; Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 936 ; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc.

new series, i. p. 325.
Muscicapa bambusse, Kittl. Kupf. Vog. p. 7, pi. 9. fig. 2 ; id. Mem.

Acad. St. Petersb. ii. p. 5, pi. 6.
Leucocerca javanica, Bh/th, Ibis, 1865, p. 30 {nee Sparrm.).
Leucocerca nigritorquis, Walden, Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 182 ; Ttveedd. P. Z. S.

1877, pp. 693, 759, 826; id. P. Z. S. 1878, pp. 109, 284, 709.

Adult male. General colour above brown, the lateral upper tail-
coverts with a white bar on them ; crown, lores, and sides of face
blackish, the sides of the neck and bind neck greyish ; over the eye
a white streak ; wings brown, the least wing-coverts washed with
ashy grey ; tail-feathers ashy brown, with reddish-brown shafts,
very broadly tipped with white, occupying the terminal third of the
feather ; throat pure white, with no black on the chin ; across the lower
throat a broad baud of black, washed with grey on the sides ; rest of
under surface of body pale ochreous buff, the sides of the body
brown ; thighs brown, edged with white ; under wing-coverts brown,

45. KHIPIDURA.

335

with whito edgings ; " bill black ; legs black ; iris very dark brown "
(A. Everett). Total length 7"2 inches, culmen 0-55, wing3"3, tail 4,
tarsus 0"85.

Half of the tail oi Rkipiditra /^/^rtiJorjitJs (reduced).

Hah. Philippines : islands of Luzon, Cebu, Mindanao, Dinagat,
Negros, Bohol, and Palawan.

a. (^ aJ. sk. Puerto Princesa, Palawan. Prof. J. B. Steere [C.].

45. Rhipidura pectoralis.

Rhipidura fuscoventris, Si/kes, P. Z. S. lS'-'>2, p. 8o {7iec Frankl.) ;

cf. Bhjth, Ibis, 1865, p. 42.
Leucocerca pectoralis, Jerd. III. Ind. Orti. text to pi. ii. ; Bhfth, J.

A. S.B. xii. p. 935 (184.3) ; id. Cat. B. Mtis. A. S. B. p. 20(3; Bp.

Cunsp. i. p. 323 : Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 453 ; Butler, S. F. 1875, p. 406 ;

Hume, Nests ^-Eggs Ind. B. p. 203 ; id. S. F. 1876, pp. 413, 421.
Rhipidura pectoralis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 258 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 331,

no. 4986.
Muscipeta leucogaster, Cuv. Mus. Paris; Pucker. Arch. Mus. vii.

p. 3.33 (1854).
Leucocerca leucogaster, .B/yiA, Ibis, 1806, p. 371 ; Fairb. Sir. F. 1876,

p. 257.

Adult. General colour above earthy brown, the head blackish, as
also the sides of the face and ear-coverts ; over the eye a very broad
streak of white from the base of the bill ; \ving-coverts like the back,
the median series slightly tipped with fulvous spots ; quills brown,
rather more ashy brown on their edges ; tail ashy brown, be-
coming rather paler towards the tips of the feathers, which are
bully white, the latter colour more extended on the outer feathers ;
chin black ; throat white, some of the feathers with obsolete black-
ish margins : rest of rmder surface of body creamy buff, deeper on
the under tail-coverts, separated from the throat by a black collar
across the lower throat : the sides of the breast blackish also, the
lower part of the black barred with half- concealed ovate spots of

336

M USCICAPlDiK.

white ; thighs brown ; axillariea brown, externally ochraceous ;
under wiiig-coverfcs whitish, with dusky bases to the feathers : " bill
and feet black ; iris dark brown " (Jerdon). Total length 7 inches,
cnlmen 0-45, wing 2-85, tail 3-85, tarsus 0-75.

Half of the tail of Ehipidura pccf oralis (reduced).

Hah. Southern India.

«. Ad. sk. India.

h. Ad. sk. Godavery Valley, near Duuia- W. T. Blauford, Esq. [P.].
giidium, April 10, 1871.

4G. Ehipidura layardi.

Rliipidura albogularis, Layarcl, P. Z. S. 1875, pp. 29, 434 {iiec Less.) :
Fmsch, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 20 ; uL Journ. M^ts. Godeffr. Heft xii.
p. 9.

Rliipidura albicoUis {mc V.), Layanl, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 493.

Rhipidura layardi, Salvad. Ibis, 1877, p. 143.

Adult male. General colour above smoky brown, the upper tail-
coverts darker ; head and neck more ashy brown, slightly varied with
nearly obsolete darker markings on the tips of the feathers ; sides of
face also ashy brown, with a distinct streak of white from the base
of the nostrils to above the eye ; behind the eye an indistinct whitish
streak running above the ear-coverts ; wing-coverts smoky brown,
with a few tiny spots of white at the tips of some of the median and
greater coverts, which are rather darker brown like the quills, the
innermost secondaries washed with smoky brown like the back ;
tail-feathers blackish brown, the four outer ones on each side tipped
with white, increasing in extent towards the outermost, which is
also externally white, the shafts of all blackish, excepting for the
white tips on the outer feathers, which are accompanied by a white
shaft ; cheeks and throat dull whitisli, unspotted ; fore nock white,
with broad black centres to the feathers, imparting a broadly streaked
appearance to this part and the breast, which is, like the rest of
under surface, ochraceous buff', broadly streaked with black, the

-io. KUIPIDUKA. 337

Streaks becoming browner and narrower towards tbe abdomen
wbich IS unspotted; sides of body brown ; thighs brown; -under
tail-coverts white, the longer ones dull brown with whitish tips •
under wiug-coverts and axillaries brown, with light ochraceous or
whitish edgings ; " biU black ; leg« dark brown ; iris brown " (La,/ard)
lof^al length 6-5 mchos, culmen (j-45, wing 3-2, tail 3-65, tarsus 0-75

} ouny. Coloured as in adult, but much duUer, with the back
washed with rusty and ^^ ith rust-coloured edges to the wing-coverts
and secondaries ; below, the streaks much more obscure : white
streaks on the sides of the head indistinct.

Hah. Fiji group of islands : Ovalau, Yiti Leva.

u. S ad. .sk. Ovalau, Xov. 4, 1874 R. B. Sharpo, Esq. rP-l

{E. L. Lm/ard). i L j

b. 2juv.sk. Ovalau, Dec. 10,1874. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. fP.^.

f. c?ad. sk. \itil.eyn{Klc{nschmidt). Godeffi-oy Museum.

47. Rhipidura erythronota. (Plate X. fig. 1.)
Rhipidura albicollis, Lmjard, Ibis, 187G, p. 392 (pt.).

Achdt female. Similar to R. hufar./l, from Ovalau and Viti Levu
but diftcring in its rufous back (not to be confounded with the youn<^
plumage of /i" la>jardi): wing-coverts and quills blackish brown"
externally sbghtly washed with the same colour as the back some
ot the median and greater coverts with remains of whitish tips •
under surface of body as in li. lai/ardl, but rather richer ochi-aceous'
the black streaks few in number, broader and not extending below
the upper breast ; under wing-coverts nifous ; tail as in R. lamtrdi
lotal length 6-1 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 3-2, tail 3-5, tarsus 0-85 '

Hab. iiji group ; island of Vanua Levu.

a. 2 ad. sk. Vanua Levu, Oct. 23, 1875 Godeffi^oy Museum.

{Kleinschmidt).

b. ^d. sk. Savu Savu Bay, Eeb. 3, 1877. Dr. Smith [0.1

c. $ juv. sk. Savu Savu Bay, Jan. 17, 1877. Dr. Smith [C.].

48. Rhipidura rufilateralis. (Plate X. fig. 2.)

Rhipidura albicoUis, Lcujanl, Ibis, 1870, pp. 149, 392 (pt.).

Adult male. Resembling R. erijthromUi in having the upper sur
tace rufous-brown, but the head only a little duUer than the back
whereas m both species from the other Fiji islands the head is ashy
and contrasts with the back. Underneath, the white of the throat
occupies ako the fore neck and chest, the dusky spots bein^ few in
number, terminal and triangular, and not continuing upon°the ab
domen, which is rufous like the flanks and under wino-coverts ■
thighs rufous ; under tail-coverts white ; " bill black the lower
mandible white; legs horn-brown; iris brown" {E L Lui/ard)

'^""^^l H?,r1^ ''''' '°'''"''' '''^™''" ^■^' "^"'g -■'■^- t«ii ;>1, tarsus U-75

Obs. iliis IS a smaUer species than the other iiifous-back Fiji'in

Rhipidora: ; and I may mention, in case it may be supj.osed to be an

338 muscicAPiD^.

immature bird, that the description is taken from a male marked
" breeding " by Mr. Layard, and that the other specimens in the
Museum appear to be equally adult.
Huh. Fiji group ; island of Taviuni.

a. (S ad. sk. Ngila, Taviuni, Julv 17, 1875. E. L. Layard, Esq. [C.l.
h. S ad. sk. Ngila; Aug. 10, 1875. E. L. Layard, Esq. [C.J.

c. (S ad. sk. Taviimi, April 8, 1875 {E. L. Rev. S. J. Whitmee.

Layard).

d. cf ad. sk. Taviuni, Nov. 1875 (Klein- Godeffroy Museum.

schmidf).

-19. RMpidura hyperythra.

Khipidiu'a rufiventris (/fee Viei/l.), Midi. ^- iSchl. Verh. Natuurl. Gesch.

Land- en Volkenk. p. 185, note ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 269 ; Bp.

Consp. i. p. 323 ; Sclater, P)-. Linn. Soc. 1858, p. 161 ; Finsch,

Neu- Guinea, p. 169.
Ehipidiu:a hyperythra. Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 176; id. Cat. B. Xew

Guinea, p. 28; Finsch, Xeu-Guinea, p. 1C9; Gray, Hand-l. B. i.

p. 331, no. 4977; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 606.
Rhipidura, sp., Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 331, no. 4976.
Rhipidura muelleri, Meyer, Sitz. k. Akad. Wien, Ixix. p. 502 ; Salvad.

Ann. Mas. Civic. Genuv. x. p. 135.

Adult (type of species). General colour above slaty grey, a little
darker on the crown and sides of the head, the lores and feathers
I'ound tho eye blackish ; over the eye a distinct white streak, and a
second narrow line of white above the upper edge of the ear-coverts
less distinctly indicated ; cheeks, chin, and moustache white : centre
of throat black, widening out upon the lower throat ; rest of under
surface of body orange-rufous, slightly paler towards the lower ab-
domen and vent ; thighs slaty grey ; under wing-coverts pale orange-
buff ; quiUs ashy below, whitish along the inner webs : wings above
resembling the back, the greater series and secondaries broAvn,
washed externally with grey, the primaries entirely brown ; median
and greater coverts tipped with buif or whitish spots ; tail slaty
black, the three outer feathers tipped with white, with an obscure
subtenninal band of dull brown ; " biU black, the lower mandible
yellow; feet dusky olive" (Wallace). Total length 6'4 inches,
culmen 0-5, wing 2-8, tail 3-2, tarsus 0-65.

Hab. Aru Islands and N.W. New Guinea.

a. Ad. sk. Ai'u Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

(Type of species.)

50. Rhipidura albifrontata.

Rhipidura albofrontata, Frankl. P. Z. S. 1831, p. 116; Blyth, J. A.

S. B. xii. p. 035 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 258 ; Horsf. lS- Moore, Cat. B.

Mm. F.I. Co. i. p. 145 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 331, no. 4985.
Rhipidura aureola, Less. Traite, p. 390; Pucker. Arch. Mus. vii.

p. 373.
Leucocerca albofrontata, Jei-d. Madr. Journ. xi. p. 12; id. III. Ind.

Orn. pi. 2; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A.S.B. p. 206: Bp. Consp. i.

p. 324 ; Blyth |- Wald. B. Burm. p. 132 ; Hume, Nests and Eygs,

4o. RHiriDUKA. 339

Ltd. B. p. 201 ; Bull, Sir. F. 1874, p. 404 ; Butkr, S. F. 1875,

p. 467 ; Fiiirb. ' S. F. 1876, p. 257 ; Uwm ^- Damson, S. F. 1877,

p. 225.
Leucocerca conlpressil•o;^tris, ^^ Blyth" Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 463; Blijtft,

Ibis, 1806, p. 370.
Rhipidura compressirostris, Grai/, Hand-l. B. i. p. 331, no. 4988.
Leucocerca aureola, Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 370 ; Adam, Str. F. 1873,

p. 377 ; Cock 4'- Marsh, t. c. p. 3-52 ; Hume, t. c. pp. 178, 436, et

1875, p. 104.

Adult male. General colour above ashy brown ; wing-coverts like
the back, all, including the primary-coverts, terminally tipped with
triangular spots of white ; quills brown, externally edged with ashy
brown, the secondaries with hoary white ; tail-feathers brown, all
but the two centre ones tipped with white, which increases in
extent towards the outermost, on which it occupies more than the
terminal half and the entire outer web ; crown of head slaty black,
as also the lores and sides of face ; a broad frontal band and the
sides of the crown white ; cheeks and throat white, with black bases
to the feathers, the plumes of the lower throat less broadly edged
with white, so that it appears blacker ; rest of under surface of body
pure white, including the under wing-coverts ; axillaries dark brown,
edged with whitish; thighs white, with brown bases: "bill and
legs black ; iris deep brown " (Jerdon). Total length 6'7 inches,
culmen 0-5, wing 3-15, tail 3"6, tarsus 0-75.

Adult fenude. Similar to the male, but browner and rather less
ashy. Total length 6*7 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 3-35, tail 3*65,
tarsiis 0*75.

Young. Differs from the adult in having rusty margins to the
feathers of the upper surface, especially the wrng-coverts, and in
having the white under surface slightly washed with rusty.

Hah. India and Ceylon, extending into Sindh to the westward,
and eastward through Burmah to Pegu.

B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].
Zoological Society.
Capt. Stackbouse PinwiU

[P-]-
Capt. T. Biddulph [C.l.
Capt. T. Biddidph [CJ.
Major J. Haves Llovd

[P.].
Capt. C. H. T. Marshall

fp.].
Purchased.

Rev. H. H. Baber [C.].
Colonel Sturt [P.j.
Dr. J. Anderson [C.].

51. Rhipidura tricolor.

Museicapa tricolor, Viei/L X. Diet, d' Hist. Xat. xxi. p. 490; Pucher.
Rev. Zoo/. 1865, p. 15. ■

a. Ad. St.

Behar.

b. Ad. sk.

India.

c. Ad., d. 2 ad. sk.

X.W. Himalayas.

e. Ad. sk.

Rawid Piudee.

f, f/. Ad. sk.

Deyi-a.

■^."Ad. sk.

Gondid, Kattiawar,

Nov. 28, 1871.

i. Juv. sk.

Sheenogah district, My-

sore, April 4, 1875."

k. Ad. sk.

Malabar.

/. Ad. sk.

Madras.

Mi. Ad. sk.

Mahabaleshwar hills.

w. c? ad. sk.

Upper defile of the Ira-

wady, March 1875.

34^0 nnjscicAriD^.

Khipidura luotacilloides, Tiff. ^- Horsf. Tr. Linn. Sue. xv. p. 248 ;

Gould, B. Austr. fol. ii. ' pi. 86 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259 ; Bp.

Cwisp. i. p. 323 ; Reichenb. Viig. Neuholl. pp. 224, 286 ; Horsf. 6f

3Ioore, Cat. B. Mns. B.I. Co. i. p. 146; Finsch, Neu-Guinea,

p. IGO ; Gray, Iland-l. B. i. p. 332, no. 4993.
Muscipeta melanoleuca, Qiioy et Gaim. Voy. de PAstrol., Zool. i. p. 180.
Leucoeerca laticaiida. Swains. Monogr. Flyc. p. 130, pi. 11.
Rhipidura picata, Gould, B. Austr. folio, Intr. p. .xxxix ; Bp. Consp.

i. p. 323 ; Reichenb. Voy. NeuJwll. p. 286 ; Gray, Iland-l. B. i.

p. 3.32, no. 4994.
Hhipidura melanoleuca, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259 ; id. Hand-l. B. i.

p. .•!32, no. 4995.
Sauloprocta melanoleuca, Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 57, note.
Sauloprocta motacilloides, Cab. 3fus. Hein. Th. i. p. 57 ; Gould,

Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 244; Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W.

ii. p. 182.
Sauloprocta picata. Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 57, note ; Gould, Handb.

B. Austr. I. p. 246; Rainsay, Proc. Linn. Soc.N. S. W. ii. p. 182.
Sauloprocta laticauda. Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 57, note.
Rhipidura mimoides, Midler, MS., und'e Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 175;

Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 169 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 332, no. 4997.
Rhipidura atripennis. Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 175 ; id. Cat. B. Neto

Guinea, p. 29; Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 169; Gray, Hand-l. B. i.

p. 332, no. 4996.
Rhipidura tricolor. Gray, Cat. B. Trap. Isl. Pacific Ocean, p. 17 ;

Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 29 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 332, no. 4998.
Rhipidui-a laticauda, Gray , Handr-l. B. i. p. 332, no. 4999.
Sauloprocta tricolor, Sahad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 819, ix.

p. 24.

Adult male. General colour above black, the least wiug-coverts
and scapulars like the back ; remainder of wing-coverts brown,
tipped with pale fawn-bufF; quills brown, the inner secondaries
blacker, like the back ; tail black ; sides of face, throat, fore neck,
and sides of breast black ; over the eye a narrow black line ; some
of the throat-feathers with whitish edgings; remainder of under
surface white ; thighs black ; under wing-covorts black, edged with
white ; lower surface of quills ashy brown ; " biU and feet black ;
iris black " {Gould). Total length 7'8 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3-65,
tail 4-25, tarsus 1.

Ohs. The description is taken from a South-Australian specimen
of ^. motacilloides ; and between this and Ii. melanoleuca there seems
to be absolutely no difference except that of size. Mr. Gould has
described a third form, 11. picata, from North Australia, which forms
a smaller race. I propose to keep these birds under one specific
name, separating them in the list of specimens according to locality,
and I give the length of the wing in each case. It will be seen that
the specimens of R. motacilloides have the wing ranging from 3" 65
to 3'95 inches, Ii. picata 3-45 to 3"75, B. melanoleuca 3-9 to 4*25. In
face of these facts, how can three species be recognized ? The extent
of the black on the throat varies, and is apparently influenced by
the preparation of the skin ; and there is great difference in the di-
stinctness of the white eyebrow and of the white edgings to the
cheek-plumes, even in skins from the same locality.

45. RniPIDUKA.

341

Hdh. Australia, Molucca Islands, New (iuiuea and Aru Islands,
Solomon Islands, New Ireland.

a. R. iiiotftciJloides.

a. Ad. sk.

b. Ad. St.

c. (S ad. sk.

d. Ad. sk.

Australia,

Australia.
S. Australia.

Australia.

Linnean Society [P.]. (Type of
H. motacilloides.) (Wing^^'S.)

(Wing 3-95.)
Sir George Grey [P.].

(Wing 3-65.)
Sir D. Cooper [P.].

(Wing 3-9.5.)

e. Ad. st.
/. Ad. sk.
f/. 2 •I'i- ■''k-
/(. 2 ad. sk.
/. Ad. sk.

1). R. picatd
Port Essiugton.
Port Essinaton.

Capt. Chambers [P.].

(Wing 3-65.)
J. B. Jukes, Esq. [P.].
(Wing 3-6o.)
Depot, N.AV. Australia, J. R. Elsey, Esq. [P.].

Nov. 18-55. (Wing 3-6.)

Victoria l!iver,Nov. 18-55. J. Pt. Elsey, Esq. [P.].

(Wing 3 •45.)
Port Moresby, S.E. New O. C. Stone, Esq. [C.].
Guinea. (Wing 3-75.)

c. R. melanoleuca.
k. iS ad. sk. Wanga, San Christoval, .T. Brenchley, Esq. [P.].

/. Ad. St.
m. Ad. sk.

n. Ad. sk.

o. Tmm. sk.

p. (S ad. sk.

Solomon Islands, Aui2
1865.

New Ireland.
Salwati.

Salwati.

New Guinea,

Aru Islands.

q, r. 5 ad. sk. .A.ru Islands

s. <S ad. sk.

t. $ ad. sk.

11. Ad. sk.

V. 5 ad. sk.

«'. Ad. sk.

X. Ad sk.

!/. Ad. sk.
s. $ ad. sk.

Mysol.

Waigiou.

Goram.

Bouru.

Cerani.

Amboyna.

Ambojma.
Gilolo.

«'. iS 'iJ- '^k- Batohiau.

(Wing 4-15.)

Sir E. Belcher [P.].

A. R. Wallace, Esq. [CI.

(Wing 4-15.)
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

(Wing 3-9.)
Sir E. Belcher [P.].

(Wing 3-9.)
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [CI

(Wing 3-95.)
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [CI.

(Wing 3-9-4-0.)
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [CI.

(Wing 4-25.)
A. R. WaUace, Esq. [CI.

(Wing 405.)
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.l.

(Wing 4-1.)
A. R. Wallace, E.sq. [C].

(Wing 3-95.)
A. R. ^^'allace, Esq. [C].

(AVing405.)
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.1.

(Wing 4-25.)
Purchased. (Wing 4.)
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [CI.

(Wing 4'2.)
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

(Wing 4-Uo.)

342 MuscrcAPiDjE.

b'. Ad. sk. Bati-hian. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

(Winer 3-95.)
c'. 2 a J. -^li. Teruate. .\, E. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

(Wing -llo.)
fl. Ad. sk. Teruate. Purcliased. O^'^i'^o 4:'2o.)

40. NEOMYIAS.

libipidiu-a (pt.), aiKt. recent.

Foot of Neomyias ciiryura.
Range. Confined to Java and Borneo.

1. Neomyias euryura.

Rhipidm-a euryura, S. MiiU. Natuurl. Gesch. Land- enVolkenk. -p. 185,
note ; Gray, Gen. ^. i. p. 259 ; £p. Consp. i. p. 323 ; Gray, Hand-l.
B. i. p. 331, no. 4987.

Leucocerca eurjura, Salvad. Uce. Born. p. 136.

Adult femcde. General eoloitr above bluish slate-colour, the M'ing-
coverts like the back ; greater series and quills blackish, edged with
slat}- blue, like the back ; tail blackish, the two outer feathers tipped
with white, confined to the outer web ou the pemiltiniate one ; a
broad line of white from the base of the bill above the eye ; lores,
feathers round the eye, and sides of face blackish ; throat, breast,
and sides of body bluish slaty, rather duller than the back, the
centre of the abdomen and under tail-coverts white ; thighs brown ;
under wing-coverts brown, with white edges ; axillaries bluish
slaty, like the breast. Total length 7'5 inches, culmen 065, wing
3-25, tail 3-S, tarsus 0-6.

Hah. Java and Borneo.

fl. Imm. sk. Java. E. Wilson, Esq. [P.].

b. $ ad. sk. W. Java. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.].

c. Ad. sk, Borneo. Purcliased.

47. ZEOCEPHUS.

Type.
Zeocepbus. Bp. C. It. xxxviii. p. 652 (1854) Z. rufiis.

Head of Zeocepkus rufus.
Range. Confined to the Philippine Islands.

47. zEocEPHus. 343

Key to the Species.

a. General Colour of ijlumage ciimamon-red above

and below.

a'. Belly cinnamon, like the brea.st rufus, p. 34-3.

b'. Belly white cinnamomeus, p. 343.

b. General colour greyish cobalt above and below ;

lores, a narrow frontal line, and chin-spot black cyanescens, p. 34^3.

1. Zeocephus rufus.

Tchitrea rufa, Gray, Ann. X. H. xi. p. 371 ; id. ^- Mitch. Gen. B.

1. p. 260, pi. 64 : Bp. Consp. i. p. 325 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 334, no.

5025.
Zeocephus rufus, Bp. Comptes Rendus, xxxviii. p. 652 ; Cass. U. S.

Expl. Exp. p. 144 ; Walden, Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 183 ; Sharpe, Tr. Unn.

Soc. new series, i. p. 328.

Adult (t}-pe of species). General colour above and below rich
cinnamon-rufous or bright chestnut ; quiUs inclining to brown at the
tips of the inner webs ; tail entirely deep chestnut, the centre fea-
thers elongated, the tail graduated ; round the eye a distinct wattle.
Total length 7"4 inches, culmen 0-75, wing 3*4, tail 3-95, tarsus 0-7.

Hah. Island of Luzon, Philippines.

a. Ad. st. Cataguan, Luzon. Hugh Cuming, Esq. [C.].

(Tj-pe of species.)

b. Ad. sk. Cataguan, Luzon. Hugh Cuming, Esq. [C].

2. Zeocephus cinnamomeus.

Zeocephus cinnamomeus, Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. new series, i. p. 329,
pi. 48. fig. 1.

Adult male {type of species). General colour above and below
clear bright cinnamon, the scapulars and wing-coverts uniform
with the back ; primary-coverts and quills blackish brown, exter-
nally light cinnamon and having the inner web edged with the
same colour for the greater part of its length ; tail deep chestnut,
the four centre feathers brownish at tip : lower surface of body
rather brighter than the upper, the abdomen whitish ; round the eye
a wattled ej-elid ; " iris dark " (Steere). Total length 7'o inches,
culmen 0-75, wing 3-4, tail 3-35, tarsus 0-7. (Coll. J. B. Steere.)

Hah. Island of Basilan, Philippines.

3. Zeocephus cyanescens.

Zeocephus cvane.?cens, Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. new series, i. p. 328,
,pl. 48. fig.'^.

Adult male (type of species). General colour grej-ish cobalt or
smalt-blue, the back a little duller than the head and under surface
of the body, which are rather brighter : quills blackish brown, ex-
ternally washed with the same colour as the back, the innermost
secondaries entirely greyish ; middle taU-featbers also dull blue-grey,
the remainder blackish brown, externally washed with the same

344 MUSCICAPIDJi.

blue-grey : a narrow frontal line, lores, a spot at the base of the
lower" mandible, and the chin black ; wattled eyelid bright blue ;
bill bright bine, inside of mouth and tongue leaf-green ; iris black.
Total length 8-5 inches, culmen 0-85, wing 3-85, tail 4-25, tarsus
0-75. (Coll. J. B. Steere.)

Hah. Island of Palawan, Philippines.

48. TERPSIPHONE^

Type.

Museivora (pt.), Cuvier, Le<;o'ns Anat. Comp. tabl. ii.

Muscipeta (pt.), id. Regne Anim. i. p. .345 (1817).

Terpsipbone, Gloger, in Froriep's Notiz. xvi. p. 278 (1827) T. -paradisi.

Tchitrea, Less. Troite d'Orn. p. 386 (1831) T. paradisi.

Bill of Terpsiphojie paradisi.

Range. From Africa and Madagascar to India, Ceylon, and the
Burmese countries, through China to Japan ; MaLiyan peninsula ;
Java ; Sumati'a ; Borneo ; Flores.

Key to the Species.

a. Tail white, with more or less of black mar-
gins.
«'. Under surface of bodj' ■white.

a". Larger; culmen not less than 0"8inch;

tail exceeding 12 inches in length.

a'". Occipital crest long and pointed,

reaching in prepared skin as far

as the mantle ; feathers not

black-shafted paradisi ^ , p. 34G.

//". Occipital crest moderate and re-
stricted, forming a dense cir-
cular crest not produced beyond
the nape ; feathers black-
shafted, including the long tail-
plumes affinis cJ ad., p. 349.

* Cuvier's genus Museivora was a composite one, and intended to embrace not
only some broad-billed Flycatchers of the Old World, but also some of the New
World Tyrant-Flycatchers. Muscipda of Cuvier, 1817, was intended by him to
replace his Museivora of 1799 ; but the name could not then be used, as it was
preoccupied by Muscipeta of Koch, 1816, proposed for the Reed -Warblers of
Europe. Museivora is now restricted to the Crested Tyrants of the New World
{M.regia, &c.); and it is therefore quite proper to employ the name Terpsi-
phone of Gloger for the Paradise Flycatchers, which formed the Old- World
section of Cuvier's original genus Museivora.

48. TERPSIPHONE. 345

b". Smaller; culmen not exceeding 0'6

inch ; tail about 7 inclies in length mutata S f^^-j P- '^•^'^•
b'. Under surface of body slaty grey, metal-
lic green on the throat cristata S ad., p. 356.

b. Tail chestnut like the back.

c '. Under tail-coverts orange or light rufous-
„ buff,
c". Abdomen orange, like the breast,
c'". Throat orange, like the rest of the
under surface.
a*. Crown only steel-green, forming
a well-defined cap.

a". Tail 6-7 inches long mutata cJ , p. 352.

b^. Tail 3-25 inches long mutata J , p. 352.

b*. Crown and nape steel-green. . . . vidpina, p. 353.
d'". Throat glossy black ; rest of under
surface orange.
c*. Crest elongated and surpassing

the nape, metallic steel-green . rufiventi'is ad., p. 360.
d*. Crest velvety, the feathers not

elongated, purplish black .... nigriceps ad., p. 359.
d". Abdomen buff or butfy white.

e'". Throat and breast grey, without
steely gloss ; head steel-green.

e*. Tail 8-2 inches long affinis (S inim., p. 349.

f. Tail 4'15 inches long ajlnis § ad., p. 349.

f". Throat and breast grey, with steely

gloss ; head purplish princeps 5 > P- 361.

e". Abdomen grey, like the breast.
ff'". Throat glossed and blacker than
the breast.
^. Culmen 0-7 inch lonw; throat and
side of face glossy, but not more

ashy than the crown of head., incii cJ imm., p. 351.
A*. Culmen 0"65 inch long ; sides of
face and throat equally glossy

as the crown cristata J imm., p. 355.

/*'". Throat uniform with breast and

scarcely any perceptible gloss . . cristata 5 ad., p. 355.
d'. Under tail-coverts white.
f". Throat glossy, exactly Hke the crown.
i'". Primary quills blackish, externally
edged with rufous.
i'*. Breast and flanks grey ; centre of
abdomen whitish,
c'. Back and tail maroon ; inner se-
condaries with black centres incii cJ ad., p. 350.
d'. Back and tail bright chestnut,
as also the inner seconda-
ries, which have no black

shafts perspicillata ^ ad., p. 358.

k*. Under surface from lower throat [p. 362.

downwards piu-e white corvina $ et c5' juv.,

k"'. Primary-quills chestnut, some-
what shaded with brown at tip
of inner web.
I*. Hind neck glossy steel-green, like

sides of head and throat .... parodist cJ imm., p. 348.

VOL. lY. 2 A

346 smscicAPiD^,

m*. Hind neck cliestiuit like the
back ; head and nape only

glossy steel-green n'l/tkroptera (5 nd., p. 357.

ff". Throat grey, only a little dai'ker than
the breast.
/'". Throat distinctly glossed.

n^. Quills black, edged with chest-
nut.
e^. Entire breast grey, only the
lower abdomen white ; cul-

men 07 inch ajinis S juv., p. 350.

f". Breast grey ; entire abdomen

white; cidmen 0'85 inch . . incii J ad., p. 351.
o". Quills rufous-brown at end of

inner web ert/throptera 2 fid., p. 357.

«i"'. Throat grey like breast, without
any gloss at all.
])*. Head metallic steel-green, as

well as a long occipital crest . . paradisi $ ad., p. 347.
q^. Head dull greyish, with a slight
gloss.

a^. Tail 3-2 inches perspicillata $ ad., p. 358.

6*. Tail 4-5 inches perspicillata cj juv., p. 358.

c. Tail grey, a little darker than the back,

which is also grey. . tricolor, p. 359.

d. Tail black.

e'. Under tail-coverts white, like the abdo-
men ; back maroon ; head and throat

purplish princqjs, p. 361.

f. Under tail-coverts grey, like the abdo-
men and breast ; back chestnut ; head
and throat glossj- steel-black; secon-
daries edged with white cristata S imm., p. 355.

y'. Under tail-coverts glossy black, like the
abdomen.
h". Indigo-black, the feathers of the head

velvety ; tail 10'5 inches corvina S ad., p. 362.

i". Greenish black, the feathers of the
head tipped with glossy steel-green,
giving a scaled appearance atrichalyhea (S ad., p. 302.

1. Terpsiphone paradisi.

The Pyed Bird of Paradise, Eduards, Nat. Hist. Birds, iii. pi. 113.
Le Gobe-mouche blanc hup6 du Cap de Bonne Esperance, Briss.

Orn. ii. p. 414, pi. 41. fig. 1* ; Danbent. PL Enl. v. pi. 234.
La Pie de I'isle Papou, Briss. t. c. p. 45.
Muscicapa paradisi, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p, 324 (ex Briss.).
Paradise Flycatcher, Lath. Oen. Syn. ii. p. -345.
Le Gobe-mouches Tchitrec-b6 roux, Levaill. Ois. d^Afr, iii. pi. 144 ;

Sunder. Crit. o?n Levaill. p. 40.
Le Gobe-mouches Tchitrec-be blanc, Levaill. Ois. d'A/r. iii, pi. 145;

Siindev. t. c. p. 40.
Le Tchitrec-b^, Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. iii. pi. 146 ; Sitndev. t. c. p. 40.

* Probably drawn from a specimen of T.o^wjs, judging from the black ehaft-
lines distinctly indicated in the dorsal feathers.

48. TEHPsirnuNE. 347

Muscicapa paradisi, Cuvier, Bkgtie Anim. 1817, i. n. .•J44 note-

Sijkes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 84; Jerd. lU. Ind. Orn. pi. 7; Bp.' Consp

1. p. 325 ; GotM, B. Asia, part v. ; Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1859,

p. 49, note.
Muscipeta indica, Sfejih. Gen.Zool. xiii. p. Ill ; Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832

p. 84. '

Muscipeta castanea, Tenwi. PI. Col. iii. text to pi. 684 ; id. Tahl

Meth. p. 23.
Tchitrea paradisi, Less. Traite, p. 386; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259-

Bhjth, Cat. Mus. A. S. B. p. 203 ; Horsf. ^- Moore, Cat Mus. E.I.

Co. i. p. 133 ; Gray, Cat. Mamm. ^t. Nepal Coll. Hodys. p. 93 ; Jerd.

B. Ind. i. p. 444; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 332, no. 5002; Hume.

Ibis, 1869, p. 9 ; Lloyd, Ibis, 1873, p. 409 ; Ball, Str. F. 1873*

p. 403; Hume, t. c. p. 474; id. S. F. 1875, p. 102; id. Nests and

Egys Ind. B. p. 196 ; Severtz. Turkest. Jeootn. p. 188 ; Dresser Ibis,

1876, p. 188 ; Blyth ^- Wald. B. Burm. p. ISL
Muscipeta leucogaster. Swains. Monoyr. Flyc. p. 205, pi. 24 ; Bp.

Consp. i. p. 325.
Terpsiphone paradisi, Cab. Mm. Hein. Th. i. p. 58.
Tchitrea leucogaster, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 333, no. 5015.

Nestling. General colour above duU chestnut, the wing-coverts
coloured like the back, the primary-coverts and quills dark brown,
externally chestnut, the innermost secondaries entirely of the latter
colour ; tail entirely rufous ; head dusky, the feathers edged with
duU chestnut ; throat and chest dusky, shghtly washed with rufous ;
rest of under surface of body dull white.

Adult female. General colour above light bay, the wing-coverts
like the back ; quills brown, with rufous edgings, the inner secon-
daries like the back ; tail entirely light chestnut ; crown of head
and crest glossy greenish black ; lores, sides of face, sides of neck,
and throat grey ; rest of under surface of body white, the sides of
the breast greyish, the flanks tinged with rufous ; under wing-
coverts white, with a slight rufous tinge ; under surface of quills
ashy brown, light rufous on the inner web. Total length 7"5 inches,
culmen 0-75, wing 3*45, tail 4, tarsus 0"65.

Adult male. General colour above pure white, the least wing-coverts
like back, with black shaft-lines ; rest of the wing-coverts white, black
on the inner webs ; quills black, externally white ; the inner secon-
daries white, with a black longitudinal mark down the centre ; tail
white, with black shafts and narrow blackish edgings to the
feathers ; head and a long occipital crest, sides of face and of neck,
and entire throat glossy steel-green ; rest of under surface of body
from the fore neck downwards pure white ; quills blackish below,
white along the inner web ; " bill and orbits lilac-blue ; inside of
mouth pale yellow ; legs and feet pale bluish ; iris dark brown "
(Jerdon). Total length 17 inches, culmen 0*85, wing 3*65, tail 5-5,
middle tail-feathers 13*2, tarsus 0-65.

Obs. The changes of plumage in this species are not understood by
naturalists, and Dr. Jerdon (/. c.) aUudes to the different opinions
entertained by Indian observers on the subject. From the series nf
skins in the Museum, I should suggest that the sequence of plumage
would be as follows, and that the differences of plumage can all be

2a2

348

lItJSCICAPID^<

accounted for by age and not by season of the year. Unfortunately,
very few of the skins examined by me have the sex and date of cap-
ture attached, and so, even if my idea of the sequence is correct, I
am unable to form an estimate of the time it would take for a male
bird to acquire the adult white plumage.

The nestling described above shows the first dress, which may be
described as dull chestnut with a whitish belly.

The adult female is also described.

The male at first resembles the old female, but has the glossy
crown and crest, as well as the throat, steel-green ; rest of under
surface white ; tail rufous, longer than in the old female.

The next dress is like the foregoing, but with a long red tail, and
with the quills and primary-coverts edged with white, only the inner
secondaries being rufous like the back. From the perfect character
of this plumage, as well as from the number of specimens which
exhibit it, it would appear to be the full breeding-plumage of the
male at some period or other, probably in the second year.

At the same time this and the preceding stage of plumage may
be of the same period in the bird's life, as there is one specimen be-
fore me now with the white centre tail-feathers full-grown, and a
few white feathers coming in the centre of the back, while the wings
are still rufous.

In the red-tailed stage, when the long red centre tail-feathers are
worn along with the metallic head and throat, the specimens from
South-eastern India and Ceylon differ from those from Northern and
North-western India in having the chest and sides of the body grey
and not white.

The change from the red to the full white plumage seems to be ac-
complished partly by a change of feather, and partly by a direct
moult.

Hab. India and Ceylon. Breeds also in Turkestan.

a. (S ad. ; b, § ad. sk. Cashmere.

c, d. c? inim. sk. Cashmere.

e. (S imm. sk. Cashmere, 8000 feet.

/, ff. (J ad. sk. N.W. Himalayas.

h-k. S imm. ; /. $ N.W. Himalayas,
ad. sk.

m. S ad. sk.
w. 2 ad. sk.

o. c? imm. sk.

p. 2 ad. sk.

q. c? imm. sk.

r. S ad. sk.

s-v. (J ad. .sk.
tc, c? imm. sk.

Mui-ree, June 7, 1862.
Murree, June 22,

1872.
Murree, May 15,

1872.
Matheran, Bombay,

Jan. 25, 1872.
Matheran, Jan. 29,

1872.
Matheran, Jan. 21,

1872.
Nepal.
Nepal.

E.M. Langworthy, Esq. [P.]-

E. M. Langworthy, Esc[.[P. J

Pm'chased.

Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill

fp.].
Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill

fP.].
Capt. C. H. T.Marshall [P.].
Capt. O.H.T.MarshaU[P.].

Capt. C. H. T. Marshall [P.].

Major Hayes Lloyd [P.].

Major Hayes Lloyd [P.].

Major Hayes Lloyd [P.].

B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].
B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

.r, y, z. 5 ad.

Nepal.

o', 6'. S $ ad.

sk.

Behar.

c' , d', e'. 2 ad.

;/'•

Kamptee.

c? ad. sk.

j/. d' ad. sk.

Mysore.

h', i'. J ad. ; ^'

, I', m\

, Mababales

cJ juv. sk.

«'. c? ad. ; o'.

6

Bauda.

juv. sk.

yj'. (f ad. sk.

Sassowlie.

q. 2 ad. sk.

Moolus.

r',s'. d" ad.; <',

u'. (S

Malabar.

juv. sk.

v',w'. J ad.; .r'.

,y. d

Madras.

j uv. sk.

:'. d juv. ; a"

■ 6

Ceylou.

ad. sk.

b". Pull. sk.

India.

48. TEBI'SIPHUNJi. 3-19

B. IT. Hodgson, Esq. [P.J.
B. H. Hodgson, Esq. I P.J.
Dr. B. Hinde [P.].

Hon. E.I. Co. [P.l.
' hills. Colonel Sturt [P.J.

Colonel Sturt [P.].

Colonel Sturt [P,
Colonel Sturt [P,
Purchased.

Rev. H. H. Baber [P.J.

Purchased.

Hon. E.I. Co. [P.J.

2. Terpsiphone aflBnis.

Muscipeta paradisea, Eyton, P. Z. S. 1830, p. 102 (wee L.).

Tchitrea aiiinis, A. Ilay, 3IS., undd

Tchitrea affinis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 292; id. Cat. B. Mus. A. S.

B. p. 203 ; Gray, Gen. B. iii. A2ip. p. 12 ; Horsf. S^ Moore, Cat. B.

Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 134 ; 3Ioore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 270 ; Jerd. B.

Ind. i. p. 448; iSchiter, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 217; Schl. N. T. D. iii.

p. 8.j ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. 332, no. 5003 ; Walden, Ibis, 1872,

p. 373 ; B/yth ^ Wald. B. Biirm. p. 131.
Muscipeta affinis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 325 ; Hume ^- Dacison, Str. F. vi.

1878, p. 223.
Tchitrea paradisi, Schl. Dierk. fig. to p. 147 (nee L.).
Muscipeta affinis, var.. Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 486.
Terpsiphone affinis, Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 137.

Adult male. General colour pure white, with shaft-lines of black,
especially distinct ou the greater coverts ; quills black, externally
edged with white, the inner secondaries white, with longitudinal
black centres to the feathers ; tail-feathers white, with blackish
edges and with distinct black shafts ; head, sides of face, and entire
throat greenish black, without much metallic gloss ; remainder of
under surface of body, including the under wing-coverts, pure white ;
quiUs blackish below, broadly white along the inner web. Total
length 16-2 inches, culmen 0-75, wing 3-6, tail 5-2, middle tail-
feathers 13, tarsus 0'6.

Adult female. General colour orange-rufous, brown on the mantle
and scapulars : rump, upper tail-coverts, and tail chestnut ; wing-
coverts like the back, the greater series orange-rufous, dusky brown
on the inner webs ; bastard wing, primary-coverts, and primaries
black, with a narrow edging of orange-rufous, the secondaries more
broadly margined, the innermost being entirely orange-rufous, with
longitudinal blackish centres to them ; croAvn and a moderate crest
glossy steel-blue ; sides of face and a narrow collar round the hind
neck and entire tlu'oat and breast ashy grey : remainder of the under

350

MUSCICAPIDiE.

surface yellowish buff, the sides of the body washed with orange, as
also the under tail-coverts, which arc slightly more rufous ; under
wing-coverts rufescent, whiter at base ; quills dark brown below,
rufous along the inner web. Total length 7*8 inches, culmen 0'85,
wing 3-00, tail 4'15, tarsus 0-6.

Male in second plumage. Yery similar to the foregoing, but with
a longer tail, the grey on the throat and breast darker, and the white
on the belly purer and less fulvous. Total length 9*7 inches, wing
8-5, culmen 0*85, tail 4, middle tail-feathers 8'2, tarsus 0"6.

Hab. Indian Archipelago ; Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Flores, Mala-
yan peninsula, Burmese countries, ranging into the Eastern
Himalayas.

a, (J imm. sk.

b, cJ ad, sk.

c, d. c? imm. sk.
e,f. c? ad. sk.

ff. (S ad. sk.
/«. c? ad. sk.
i. (S ad. sk.
k. cJ ad. sk.

I, m. 5 ad, sk,

n. 2 ad. sk.

o. cj ad. sk.

p, q. 6 2 ad. sk.

r. S ad. ; s, i. 5 ad. sk.

M, c? ad. sk.

V, w. S ad. et juv. sk,

•'^j y- 6 imm. sk.

z, a'. tS imm. sk.

b'. (J ad. sk.

c'. (5 imm. sk.

d', e'. c? ad. sk.
/'. c? ad. sk.

East Java.
East Java.
Sumatra.
Sumatra.
Borneo.
Borneo.

Pandaii, Biiitidu.
Lumbidan, N.W.

Borneo.
Lumbidan (H. Lute).
Lumbidan.
Sarawak.
]3anjermassing.
Flores.
Malacca.
Malacca.
Malacca.
Malacca.

Kessaug, Malacca.
Ai-akau hills, near

Basseiu, Pegu.
Nepal.
Camorta Island, Ni-

cobars, Dec. 1873

{Capt. Wimherley).

A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C".
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C".
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [CJ.
A. R.Wallace, Esq. [C.;.

Rajah Brooke [P.].
Alfred Everett, Esq. [C.].
Hugh Low, Esq. [C.].

R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].
Governor Ussher [C.l.
A. R. WaUace, Esq. [C.].
J. R. Motley, Esq. [C.].
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].
Hon. E.I. Co. [P.].
W. Harvey, Esq. [P.].
A. R. WaUace, Esq. [CI.

A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.j.
M. Bouvier.

W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.].

B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].
R. B. Shai-pe, Esq. [P.].

3. Terpsiphone incii.

Muscipeta incii, Gould, B. Asia, part 4.

Tchitrea incei, Horsf. Sf Moore, Cat. B. Mm. E.I. Co. i. p. 392 ; Gray,

Hand-l. B. i. p. 3-33, no. 5013 ; Swinh. Ibis, 1863, p. 92 ; id.

P. Z. -S'. 1871, p. 381 ; David ^- Oustal. Ois. Chitie, p. 112, pi. 82.
Tchitrea principalis, Sicinh. Ibis, 1861, p. 330 {ikc Temm.).

Adult male (type of species). General colour above deep maroon,
the wing-coverts uniform with the back ; quills black, externally
chestnut, the inner secondaries chestnut, with black along the shafts ;
tail-feathers maroon-chestnut, lighter and more chestnut-brown on
the inner web ; head and crest, nape, sides of face, and throat steel-
green ; fore neck and breast ashy grey ; rest of under surface white,
the flanks washed with greyish ; under wing-coveits and axillaries
white, the latter slightly washed with grey : quills dusky brown

48. TEKPSIPHONE. 351

below, reddish along the inner webs ; " bill and eyelids cobalt-blue ;
angle of mouth green ; feet greenish ; iris brown" (Au'iV?). Total
length 13-8 inches, culmen 0-7, wing 4-8, tail 4-5, middle tail-
feathers 10*3, tarsus 0-6.

AiJalt female. Above deep chestnut, the tail entirely of the latter
colour ; wing-coverts uniform with the back ; primary-coverts dusky
brown ; quills blackish, externally chestnut ; head above, sides of
face, and throat dusky steel-green ; chest ashy grey ; rest of under
surface of body creamy white, the flanks washed with dull rufous ;
under wing-coverts white, the quills dusky blackish below, rufous
along the inner web. Total length 7 inches, culmen 0'7, wing 3*45,
tail 3*35, tarsus 0-65. {Mus. II. Seebohm.)

Young males in nearly full plumage, -n-ith long red tails, are deeper
chestnut than the adult females, and generally have a slight indica-
tion of maroon on the mantle. They have almost the entire under
surface grey, with a little white about the lower abdomen and vent.
The throat, if not exactly like the adult, is deep slate-colour, with
a strong wash of steel-green.

Mr. Swinhoe had a bird from Ningpo in full white plumage, which
he has labelled T. incil. As far as I can see, this species never
passes beyond the maroon-backed dress with the red tail, and the
above-mentioned white bird I should refer to T. ajjinis. Messrs.
David and Oustalet, however, also figure the adult of this species as
white.

Uab. China, ranging iuto the Malayan peninsula and Sumatra.

a. (S ad. sk. Shanghai. Hon. East-India Co. [P.].

(Tj'pe of species. )

b. S ad. sk. Malacca. W. Harvey, Esq. [P.].

c. 2 ad. sk. Malacca. Hon. E.I. Co. [P.].

d. (S jun. sk. Kessang, Malacca. M. Bouvier.

e,f. S ad. sk. Sumatra. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

y. Jun. sk. Sumah-a. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [0.].

4. Terpsiphone mutata.

Le Gobe-mouche a longue queue de Madagascar, Briss. Orn. ii.

p. 424, pi. 40. fig. I : Daubmt. PI. Enl. v. pi. 248. fig. I.
Le Gobe-mouche a longue queue blanc de Madagascar, Briss. t. c,

p. 427, pi. 40. tig. 2.
Le Gobe-mouche varie a longue queue de Madagascar, Briss. t. c.

p. 4:30, pi. 40. fig. 8.
Muscicapa mutata, Linn. Si/st. Nat. i. p. .325.
Le Gobe-mouche a longue queue et a ventre blauc de Madagascar,

Dmibent. PL Enl. v. pi. 248. fig. 2.
Le Schet de Madaga.scar, Month. Hist. Nat. Ois. iv. p. 567.
Muscicapa caudata, Miill. Syst. Nat.,Anhang, p. 168 ; Cass. Pr. Philad.

Acad. 1864, p. 2.55.
Mutable Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. p. 348.
Muscicapa viridescens, Bodd. Tahl. PI. Enl. p. 15.
Le Schet voux, Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. iii. pi. 147.
Le Schet noir, Levaill. t. c. iii. pi. 148.
riatyrhynchus mutatus, Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. x.xvii. p. 18,

JJ52 MUSCICAPID^.

Muscipeta holosericea, Tmnm. Tabl. Meth. H. Col. p. 23 ; JBp. Cunsp.

i. p. 325; Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 49, note.
Muscipeta mutata, Temm. Tabl. Meth. p. 23 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 325 ;

Schl. (S- Poll. Faun. Madag. p. 7Q, pis. 20, 21.
Muscipeta rufa, Sivains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 60 (ex Levaill).
Muscipeta bicolor, Swaim. t. c. p. 60 (ex Levaill.).
Tcliitrea holosericea, Less. Rev. Zool. 1838, p. 277 ; Hartl. Faune

Mndag. p. 45 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259.
Tcliitrea ^aimardi, Less. Pev. Zuol. 1838, p. 277 ; Gray, Gen. B. i.

p. 2-59; Pucker. Ai-ch. Mns. vii. p. 372.
Tchitrea pretiosa, Less. Descr. Mamm. et Ois. p. 324; Llartl. Faun.

Madaij. p. 46 ; E. Neu-t. This, 1863, p. 347.
Tchitrea mutata, Less. Rev. Zool. 1838, p. 277 ; Gray, Gen. B. i.

p. 259 ; Hartl. Faune Madaq. p. 45 ; A. Newt. P. Z. S. 1865. p. 835 ;

Schl. JV. T. B. iii. p. 84 ; id. P. Z. ,S. 1866, p. 423 ; Lm/ard, B. S.

Afr. p. 147 ; Grandid. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1867, p. 385; Gray,

Hand-l. B. i. p. 333, no. 5019.
Muscipeta gainiardi, Bp. Consp. i. p. 325 ; Ca^s. Pr. Philad. Acad.

1869, p. 49, note.
Tchitrea, sp., Sclater, P. Z. S. 1864, p. 109.
Tchitrea spekii, Hartl. P. Z. S. 1865, p. 428*.
Tchitrea rufa, Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 145.
Tchitrea caudata. Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 333, no. 5020.
Terpsiphone pretiosa, Cab. in Von der Derkev, Reis. iii. p. 24.
Terpsiphone mutata, Finsch Sf Hartl. Vciq. Ostafr. p. 306 ; Heugl. Orn.

N.O.-Afr. p. 444, note; Sharpe, P.Z.S. 1870, p. 389; id. Cat.

Afr. B. p. 44; id. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 867; Hartl. Vog. Madag.

Adult female. General colour above orange-rufous, the tail
entirely of this colour ; wiug-coverts like the back ; primary-coverts
and quiEs blackish, externally orange-rufous, the secondaries more
broadly edged and the innermost exactly like the back ; crown of
head and nape glossy steel-blue ; lores, feathers round the eye, ear-
coverts, and sides of cro-svn behind ashy grey ; entire under surface
of body rich orange-rufous, paler than the back, including the under
wing- and tail-coverts ; quills dusky brown below, rufous along the
inner webs. Total length 6-5 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 2-9, tail
3-25, tarsus 0-6.

Yoimr/ male. Resembles the adult female, but shows the first signs
of approach to a fuller plumage in the white edgings to some of the
greater wing-coverts. The next stage is a rich chestnut, with steel-
black head and ear-coverts, the wing-coverts and edges to the quills
white. One specimen in the Museum is assuming the white tail,
the two long centre feathers being black on the outer web, white on
the inner. That the exact sequence is not always followed seems
to be proved by the fact that another specimen, in paler orange
dress, with white-edged wing-feathers, is assuming the fuU white
dress of the adult by a moult, as on the back are some black feathers

* The type specimen was shown to me by Dr. Pinseh, and there can be no
d(5ubt that it is referable to T. mutata. At the same time I do not believe that
tliis species really occurs in Eastern Africa, and I think that some mistake has
taken place as regards the locality of the specimen, which was preserved in spirits,
whereas Speke's specimens from Eastern Alrica were skinned.

48. TEBPSIPHONE,

353

appearing, and on the breast some white ones. In the peinxltimate
plumage the back is glossy black, the breast white, the centre tail-
feathers white, the rest of the tail-feathers black with the inner
webs white. From this stage the white gradually increases on the
back, wings, and tail, until the following adult plumage is reached.

Adult male. General colour above white, the feathers with more
or less distinct black centres, generally taking the form of black
shaft-lines ; wing- coverts white, like the back ; primary-coverts
and primaries black narrowly edged with white, the secondaries
broadly margined with white on the outer web ; taU white, the two
centre feathers with black shafts nearly the whole way, the rest of
the tail-feathers with more or less black along the shaft and on the
outer web ; crown of head, crest, nape, sides of head, and throat
glossy steel-green ; remainder of under surface pure white, including
the under wing-coverts ; quills blackish below, white along the edge
of the inner web ; " bill pearly grey, blackish on the edges ; bare
eyelids clear blue; feet pearly grey; iris blackish" (^Grandidier).
Total length 10*2 inches, culmen 0'55,wing 3'15, tail 3"5, middle tail-
feathers 6"7, tarsus 0'6.

Hah. Madagascar, Mayotte.

a, b, c, d. (J ad. sk.
e,f. c? imm. sk.
ff. 5 ad.; h. (5 juv. sk.
i. cJ imm. sk.

k. J ad. ; /, tn. J imm. sk.

n. S imm. sk.
o. (S ad. sk.

p. c? juv. sk.
q. $ ad. sk.

Madagascar.

Madagascar.

N. Madagascar.

S.E. Madagascar, Mch.

1872.
N. Madagascar (Cross-

ley).
Nossi Vola (Crosslei/).
Nossi Vola, Oct. 22,

1809 (Crosslei/).
Madagascar (Crosslei/).
Madasrascar.

M. Verreaux.

M. Yerreaux.

Mr. A. Crossley [C.l.

Mr. A. Crossley [C.J.

E. B. Sharps, Esq.

R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

5. Terpsiphone vnlpina.
Tchitrea vulpina, E. Neivton, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 298, pi. 33. fig. 2.

Adidt male (tj'pe of species). General colour above pale cinnamon,
the tail being entirely of this colour ; wing-coverts white, with black
bases ; quills black externally edged with white, the innermost
secondaries cinnamon ; crown of head, sides of face, and ear-coverts
dark steel-green, the nape also of this colour and forming a conspi-
cuous crest ; cheeks and entire under surface of body rich cinnamon,
as also the axUlaries ; under wing-coverts white ; quills black below,
white along the edge of the inner web. Total length 11 inches,
culmen 0-6.5, wing 3-1, tail 3-5, middle tail-feathers 7'7, tarsus 0"7.
(Mus. (Jantahr.)

Adidt female. Similar to the m;Je, but with a shorter tail. Total
length 7"3 inches, wing 2-9, tail 3-S, tarsus 0-7. (Mus. Cantabr.)

Hah. Johanna or Anjuan Island.

Ohs. The differences pointed out by Mr. E. Newton between this
epceies and 2'. mutata are not sufficiently pronounced to distinguish

354 MUSCICAPID^.

it from the latter, which possesses a similar orange- coloured stage of
plumage with white wings. The best character for the species is
the elongated crest, instead of the cap of T. mutata.

G. Terpsiphone cristata*.

Le Gobe-mouche hupe du Senegal, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 422, pi. 39. fig. 2 ;

Dauhent. PL Enl. 573. fig. 2.
Crested Senegal Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Si/n. ii. p. 329.
Muscicapa viridis, Miill. Si/st. Nat., Anhanq, p. 171 ; Cass. Pr. Philad.

Acad. 1864, p. 256.
Muscicapa cristata, Gm. S. N. i. p. 938.

Platyrhyuchos cristatus, Vieill. iV. Diet, d'llist. Nat. xxvii. p. 20.
Muscipeta melanogastra, Sicains. B. W. Aft: ii. p. 55 \ J. Sf E. Verr.

Rev. et Maij. de Zool. 1851, p. 279 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 325 ; Cass. Pr.

Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 49, note.
Muscipeta senegalensis, Less. Ann. Set. Nat. ix. p. 173 ; id. Rev. Zool.

1838, p. 279.
Muscipeta ferreti, Guerin, Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 162 ; id. in Ferr. et Gal.

Voy. Abyss, p. 212, pi. 8 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 325.
Tchitrea melanogastra. Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 2G0 ; Horsf. Sf Moore, Cat.

B. Mus. E.L Co. i. p. 135 ; Hartl. Orn. JV.-Afr. pp. 96, 272 ; id.

J. f. O. 1861, p. 167 ; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 140 ; Gray, Hand-l.

B. i. p. 333, no. 5005 ; Blanf. Geol. and Zool. Abi/ss. p. 344.
Tchitrea ferreti, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 260 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 333,

no. 5008.
Tchitrea senegalensis, G)-ay, Gen, B. i. p. 259 ; Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr.

p. 91.
Terpsiphone melanogastra. Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 58 ; Finsch ^

Hartl. Vog. Osiff/y-. p. 309 ; Heugl. Orn. TV. 0.-4//-. p. 441 ; Finsch,

Tr. Z. S. vii. p. 246 ; Antin. ^ Salvad. Viayy. Boyos, p. 74.
Terpsiphone ferreti, Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 58.
Tchitrea cristata, Filippi, Rev. Zool. 1853, p. 289.
Tchitrea melampyra, Verr. in Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. y. 00; Cass. Pr.

Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 47 ; Hartl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. Ill ; id. J.f. O.

1861, p. 167 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 333, no. 5006.
Muscipeta duchaillui, Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1859, pp. 48, 49 ; id.

Journ. Philad. Acad. iv. pi. 50.
Muscipeta speciosa, Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1859, pp. 48, 49 ; id.

Journ. Philad. Acad. iv. pi. 50.
Muscipeta melampyi-a, Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 49, note.
Terpsiphone duchaillui, Heine, J. f. O. 1859, p. 429.
Terpsiphone speciosa, Heine, t. c. p. 429.
Tchitrea duchaillui, Hartl. J. f. 0. 1861, p. 167 ; Gray, Hand-l. B.

i. p. 333, no. 5007.
Tchitrea speciosa, Hartl. J. f. O. 1861, p. 167 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i.

p. 333, no. 5017.

* The description of the underparts given by Bi-isson is as follows : — " La
poitrine, le ventre, les cotes, les jambes et les couvertures du dessous de la queue
sent dUm cendrS tris-fonci, mais qui s'eclaircit un pen en approchant vers I'anus."
The only species of Tcrpdphonc which answers to this description of dark grey
under tail-coverts is T. melanogastra, which at certain stages agrees with
Brisson's description. I have therefore superseded Swainson's name by the one
founded by Gmelin upon Brisson. The species identified by Dr. Hartlaub as
T. cristata (Gm.) and by me as T. senegalensis (Less.) appears to have not yet
been named.

48. TEEPSIPHONE. 355

Tchitrea raelampyga, Sc?d. N. T. D. iii. p. 85.

Terpsiphone melamp3Ta, Sharpe, P.Z. S. 1871, p. 610 ; id. Cut. Afr.

B. p. 44, no. 420 ; Sharpe ^ Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, i.

p. 45.
Tei-psiphone riifocinerea, Cah. J. f. O. 1875, p. 236 ; Reichen. J. f. O.

1877, p. 22.

Difficult as it is to establish, I have come to the conclusion that
Terpsi])hone melampyra is only the female of the species of which
2'. duchaillui is the adult male. The Museum series is so complete
that scarcely any doubt can exist on the subject, and the sequence
of changes appears to be as follows : —

Youvg female (sex marked by Dr. Lucan). Above dull orange-
chestnut, including the tail ; wing-coverts like the back, the greater
series with blackish bases ; primary-coverts and quills blackish, the
secondaries externally orange-rufous, of which a narrow margin
appears on the primaries ; head and under surface of body dull slaty
blue with a slight steel-bluish lustre, the abdomen fluffy and dull
whitish, washed slightly with orange ; vent and under tail-coverts
dull orange ; thighs dusky grey ; under wing-coverts slaty grey ;
axUlaries dull orange-rufous. Total length 6 inches, culmen 0-6,
wing 2*8, tail 2-8, tarsus O'oo.

The bird I take to be thefuU-plumagcd female is much as the typical
specimen of T. melampijra. Rich orange-chestnut above ; wings and
tail the same, the secondaries entirely like the back, the primaries with
broad edgings ; below slaty blue, the throat and sides of face glossed
with steel-blue : the hind neck greyish ; crown of head glossy steel-
blue ; under wing-coverts slaty blue ; under tail-coverts orange.

Young males appear at lii'st to resemble the females, but are often
distinguished by the greyish edgings to the primaries and the long
centre tail-feathers. Considerable difference in the colour of the
upperparts exists, sometimes the back being bright orange-rufous,
and sometimes chestnut.

Male in second plumage. The head, neck, and underparts very like
the adult, steel-green, shading off into slaty grey on the abdomen ; rest
of upper surface rich chestnut-red, as also the wing-coverts ; outer
greater coverts, primary-coverts, and quills black, externally edged
with slaty grey, the inner secondaries with chestnut ; tail chestnut ;
under tail-coverts chestnut. Total length 8-3 inches, culmen 0'65,
wing 3-1, tail 3'6, middle tail-feathers 5, tarsus 0'6.

Intermediate specimens between the red-backed and the white-
backed phases of plumage are in the collection ; one may be espe-
cially mentioned, as having the red back with a good deal of white
on the wings, and a black tail somewhat shaded with rufous at the
tip of the inner web, the centre feather having an appearance of
white near the shaft. The qiiestion to be proved is, whether the
adult miJe ever gets a perfectly white tail, and whether the red-tailed
birds arc females or (as I have described them) males in second plu-
mage. Mr. Cassiu's assignation of the red-tailed bird to the adult
male and the white bird to the i\A\\\i female is obviously incorrect ;
and the separation of his Musdpeta speciosa from M. duchaillui is

356 MUSCICAPIDJE.

also not nglit, as the black upper tail-coverts are found in our red-
backed specimen (?) along with the white on the wing and on the
tail, and are evidently signs of an approach to the adult stage.
Spec, g is still chiefly black on the back and upper tail-coverts, the
white beginning to predominate ; in all other resx^ects the bird is in
perfect plumage.

The specimen from Old Calabar has white under tail-coverts, and
is of a glossy steel-black without any green gloss on the head and
throat ; the axillaries are also white. The difference in the glossy
shade may be due to preservation in spirit ; while the white under
tail-eoverts and axillaries appear to be only a sign of perfect
maturity.

Adult male. General colour above pure white, the middle of the
back slightly streaked with black ; wing-coverts white ; primary-
coverts and primaries black, the secondaries black broadly edged
with white ; some of the outer greater wiug-coverts tipped with
white ; tail-feathers white, slightly edged with blackish and with
black shafts, some of the feathers black with more or less white at
the tip and near the base ; head and crest, sides of face, and throat
glossy steel-green, extending upon the breast and gradually shading
off on the abdomen and under tail-coverts, which are dark slaty
grey ; thighs white ; under wing-coverts white, the axillaries slaty
grey with white edgings. Total length 14 inches, culmen 0*65,
wing .3'4, tail 3"8, middle tail-feathers 10, tarsus 0-55.

The bird described not having a perfect tail, the entire length and
that of the centre tail-feathers are added from Dr. Smith's Old-
Calabar specimen.

The observations on the change of plumage have been made from
West- African specimens ; but the Abyssinian and Sencgambian birds
are also found to follow the same sequence, and only one wide-
spread species can be recognized. I have noticed, however, that in
some of the males in changing dress the white tail is assumed by a
moult, while occasionally it is arrived at by a change of feather, the
actual feather itself changing from red to white without a moult.

Hah. North-eastern Africa ; West Africa, from Senegambia to
the Congo.

rt. Ad. sk. N.E. Africa. Purchased.

b. Ad. sk. N.E. Africa. J. Gould, Esq.

c. Imm. sk. Abyssinia. Dr. liiippeU [C.J.

d. Imm. sk. Abyssinia. E. B. Sharpe, Esq.
e,f. Ad. sk. Efat, Abyssinia. Sir W. C. Harris [C.].
(J. Ad. sk. Bogos Land. Herr Esler [C.].

k, i. (S ad. sk. Anseba Vallev, W. T. Blanford, Esq. [CI.

Aug. 6, 18U8.'
k. $ ad. sk. Ailat, Samhar, W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C.].

June 28, 1868.
I. 6 ad. sk. Adigi-at, TigT^, W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C.l.

March 25, 1868.
m, «. S ad.; o. 5 ad.sk. On the road to Colonel Sturt [P.],

Magdala.
p. $ ad.; y. cJ juv. sk. Kokai (Jesse). II. B. Sharpe, Esq.

48. XERPf?IPIIONE. 357

r At ?■ A 1 ^y.^^**" ^'^''- Sir Samuel Baker [P.].

s,t d2adsk. White Nile. Purchased. ^

"■ r^ , -^'^^"^ ''^^'^''^- ^- B. Sharpe, Esq.

V w Ad. sk. River Gambia. R. B. Sharje; Esq.

a d ad sk. Gasamance. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

f ^5- t- ^1^1 Calabar. Dr. .Uex. Smith [P.].

^- '^^- ®^- Cameroons,Feb.l6, R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
, . , , lQ7l{A.Crossley). ^ ' ^

"■^^'*-®'^- Gaboon. M. Verreaux. (Type of

i', a'. Ad. sk. Gaboon. r/r". SlfrrpifEsJ.

^ ■ i""?- 'i • S^^°°'^ ( ^'■«^^«-)- I^- B. Sharf e Esq.

^. c? ad. sk. Gaboon. M. DuChaillu [c\

/ , 5r . 1mm. sk. River Danger, Hemy .\nsell, Esq. rP.l.

., Gaboon.

A', I , k'. Ad. sk. Confluents of the MM. Marehe & De Com-

^' \.d sk P^-T'^??'^^- ^P'^g°e[C.].

*• -^°-^^- Gabmda, Congo, Commander Sperlino-r P. 1.

August. DL J

m'. Ad. ; «'. 2 juv. sk. Laudana, Congo. Dr. Lucan & M. Petit [0.1

" • ^^- ^^- Bembe, Angola. J. J. Monteiro, Esq. [C.].

7. Terpsiphone erythroptera.

Tchitrea cristata, Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 89 (nee Gm ')
Terpsiphone senegalensis, Shaiye, Cat. Afr. B. p. 44,' no. 418 {nee
Less.). •' r J \

Adult male. General colour above chestnut, the tail entirely of
this colour; wing chestnut, like the back, dusky brown towards the
tip ot the inner web, more indistinct on the secondaries, the inner-
most of which are entirely rufous, like the back ; crown of head and
chest, sides of head, and entire throat glossy steel-green ; fore neck
and breast hght ashy grey, the rest of the under surface, including
the under tail-coverts, white ; tibial plumes and sides of body washed
with pale rufous ; under wing-coverts chestnut, with broad margins
of hoary white. Total length 15-7 inches, culmen 0-8, win- 3-6,5
tail 4-3, middle tail-feathers 12-1, tarsus 0-65. °

_ Adult female. Differs from the male in not having the long tail
in being duller white below, and in having the throat dark grey,'
with a sHght steel-green gloss. Total length 7-5 inches, culmen 0-8
wmg 3-35, tail 4, tarsus 0-65. .

Jffab. Senegambia.

a,b. S 2 ad. sk. River Gambia. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

8. Terpsiphone perspicillata.

Le Gobe-mouche Tchitree, Levaill Oh. d'Afr. iii. p. 203, pis 142 143
Tchitrea cristata (nee Gm.), Less. Traite, p. 386; id. Eev.Zool 1838'
p. 278 ; Grui), Gen. B. i. p. 2/50 ; Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 90, no 271 '
Cass. Br. Bhdad. Acad. 1859, p. 49; Hartl. J. f.'O.lSQl p 167
Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 145 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 333, no. 5010
Bncage, Jorn. Lish. 1870, p. 343.
Muscipeta perspicillata. Swains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 59; Licht. Nomencl
p. 19. . 1 .

358 jirscicAPiD^.

Platystira perspicillata, Gi-ay, Gen. B. i. p. 257.

Terpsiphone cnstata, Cah. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 39 ; Finsch ^- Hartl.

Vik/. Osfafr. p. 304; Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 446, note ; Boeage,

Oni. Angola, p. 191.
Muscipeta cristata (nee Gm.), Licht. Noniend. p. 19 ; Cass. Pr. Philad.

Acad. 1859, p. 49; Kirk, Ibis, 1864, p. 319.
Muscicapa perspicillata, Grill, Zool. Anteckn. p. 26.
Tchitrea perspicillata, Gwneg, Ibis, 1862, p. 29.
Tcliitrea ferreti (tiec Guer.), Bianc. Spec, Zool. Mosamh. fasc. viii.

p. 321.
Tchitrea viridis, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 333, no. 5010 ; Giimey in

Anderss. B. Dam. Ld. p. 130.
Terpsiphone viridis, Sharpe, P, Z. S, 1871, p. 1-33 ; id. Cat. Afr. B.

p. 344, no. 415.

Adult male. General colour above bright chestnut, the tail entirely
chestnut, with dark red shafts ; wing-coverts also chestnut, like the
back, the primarj'-coverts and quills blackish on the inner web,
chestnut on the outer one, the innermost secondaries entirely chestnut,
like the back ; head, which is much crested, glossy steel-green, as
well as the sides of the face and throat ; rest of under surface of
body leaden grey, the steel-green colour of the throat descending
upon the fore neck, the feathers of which are edged with the latter
colour ; thighs, vent, and under tail-coverts pure white ; under wing-
coverts and axillaries white, shghtly washed with chestnut near
the base ; coverts near the edge of the wing dull chestnut, mottled
with bro-^vn bases to the feathers ; lower surface of quills blackish,
the inner web reddish along the edge ; " bill grey, tipped with black ;
wattled eyelids of a bright greyish blue ; legs grey ; iris dark
brown " (Shelley), Total length 14 inches, culmen 0"7, wing 3'25,
tail 3-5, long central tail-feathers 11-2, tarsus 0-65.

Adult female. Differs from the male in wanting the two long tail-
feathers. The colours are altogether duller and paler, the head
dusky leaden grey, and the throat and under surface dull grey, with
no green gloss anywhere, excepting a little on the crown ; the chest
slightly washed with brown on the sides ; soft parts in the female
as in the male. Total length 6 inches, culmen 0*7, Aving 3*05, tail
3-2, tarsus 0-65.

Young males resemble the females, but have longer tail-feathers.
In the adults, according to Dr. Kirk, the long rectrices are lost in
the dry season.

Hab, Southern and South-western Africa.

«, b, $ ad. sk. Knysna, Feb. 1866 (C, J, R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

Andersso')i),

c, cJ ad. sk. Natal. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

d,e. c? $ ad. sk. Natal. Dr. Gueiuzius [C.J.

/. $ ad. sk. Rustenberg. F. A. Barratt, Esq. [0.].

q. c? juv. sk. Zambesi (Melhr'). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

h. $ ad. sk. Tette, Zambesi. Dr. Kirk [C.].

«'. cJ juv. sk. Elephant Vley, Damara R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

Land, Oct. 28, 18-59

(C. J. Andersson^.

k. (S juv. sk. Angola (Hamilton). R. B. Shai-pe, Esq.

48. TERPSipnoNE. 359

9. Terpsiphone tricolor.

Muscipeta tricolor, Fraser, Ann. X. II. xii. p. 441 ; id. P. Z. S. 1843,

p. 4 ; Allen ^- Thorns. Exped. Niger, ii. p. 492 j Bp. Consp. i.

p. u2o.
Tcliitrea tricolor, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 260 ; HaHl. 0)~n. W.-Afr. p. 90,

no. 274.
Muscipeta flaviventris, Vetr. J. f. 0. 1855, p. 10-3 ; Cass. Pr. Philad.

Acad. 1859, pp. 47, 49.
Tcliitrea flaviventris, Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 91, no. 278 ; Cass. Pr.

Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 59; Hai-tl. J.f. O. 1861, p. 168; Gray,

Hand-l. B. p. 333, no. 5011.
Tchitrea bicolor {err.), Hartl. J.f. O. 1861, p. 167.
Terpsiphone tricolor, Pimch ^- Hartl. Vog. Ostafr. p. 311, note ;

Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 610 ; Reichen. J.f. O. 1877, p. 22.

Adult male. General colour above blue-grey, the wing-coverts
coloured like the back, the secondaries also ; the primaries blackish,
externally blue-grey ; taU-feathers dull bluish grey, the inner webs
ashy ; head crested, glossy steel-black, as also the sides of the face
and the throat, the latter somewhat duller and more ashy ; rest of
under surface of body, from the throat downwards, rich orange-
chestnut, including also the under wing- coverts ; " bill and feet
pale blue " (Fraser). Total length 9 inches, culmen 0*7, wing 3'15,
taU 3-5, middle feathers 5-1, tarsus 0"65.

Adult female. Wants the bright orange-colour of the breast, which
is not so richly coloured, being simply orange ; the long middle tail-
feathers wanting ; head not so glossy and duUer, more greyish ; sides
of breast slightly washed with grey. Total length 6*6 inches, wing
2-95, tail 3-2, tarsus 0-6.

Hab. "West Africa.

a. Ad. sk. Clarence, Fernando Po. L. Fraser, Esq. [C.].

(Type of species.)
h,c. cJ ; d, e. $ ad. sk. Cameroons Mountains R. B. Shai-pe, Esq.
(A. Crossley).

f. cj ad. sk. Gaboon (I>u Chaillu). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

g. (S ad. sk. Gaboon.

10. Terpsiphone nigriceps.

Velvet-headed Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Hist. B. vi. p. 198.

Tchitrea nigriceps, Hartl. J. f. O. 1855, pp. 355, 361 (ex Temm. MSS.

in Mus. Lugd.) ; id. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 91, no. 277; Cass. Pr. Philad.

Acad. 1869, pp. 47, 49; Hartl' J.f. O. 1861, p. 168; Sharpe, Ibis,

18G9, p. 188 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 333, no. 5014.
Terpsiphone nigriceps, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 306 ; Finsch ^- Hartl.

I'dq. Ostafr. p. .311, note ; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 44, no. 417 ;

Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 61.

Adult male. General colour above bright orange-chestnut, the
tail-feathers the same, paler on the inner webs ; scapulars and
wing-coverts like the back, the greater series black on the inner
web ; bastard wing, primary-coverts, and primaries black ; the
secondaries black, externally edged with orange-chestnut, the inner-
most entirely of the latter colour ; head and nape aU round, in-

360- MUSCICAPID^.

eluding the throat, glossy purplish black ; rest of under surface of
body bright orange-chestnut, including the under wing-coverts ;
quills ashy below, with rufous edges to the inner webs. Total
length 9-5 inches, culmen 0-65, wing 3-05, tail 3'8, middle feathers 6,
tarsus 0'6.

Adult female {?). Similar to the male, but duUer-coloured, espe-
cially on the head, which has scarcely any gloss at all ; the tail
shorter. Total length 7 inches, wing 2-9, tail 3-5, tarsus 0-6.

Young. Similar to supposed adult female, but much duller and
browner in colour ; head and throat dusky blackish, the latter washed
with orange ; quills ashy brown, externally edged with dull orange ;
tail brown, washed with dull orange near the base.

Hah. West Africa, from Senegambia to the Gold Coast ; island of
Bulama.

a,b. cJ 2 ad. sk. West Africa. Purchased.

c. 5 ad. ; d. ^ juv. sk. Fantee. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

e,f. (S ad. sk. Fantee ( 6'oyerMor Ussher). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

«7. 5 ad.; h. Jut. sk. Ashantee. John Gould, Esq.

J. (5 ad. sk. Accra {Capt. Ilaynes). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

11. Terpsiphone rufiventris.

Muscipeta rufiventris, Swains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. .53, pi. 4 ; Bp. Consp.

i. p. 325 ; Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 49, note.
Muscipeta (Tchitrea) casamancse. Less. Ann. Set. Nat. ix. p. 173.
Muscipeta smithii, Fraser, P. Z. S. 1843, p. 34 ( $ ) ; Alkn 8r Thorns.

Bap. Niger, ii. p. 492.
Tchitrea rufiventris, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259; Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr.

p. 90, no. 275; id. J f. 0. 1861, p. 167 ; ScM. N. T. D. iii. p. 86.
Tchitrea smithii, Hartl Orn. W.-Afr.^. 91, no. 279; Cass. Pr. Philad.

Acad. 1859, p. 42 ; Hartl. J.f. O. 1861, p. 168 ; Gray, Hand-l. B.

i. p. 333, no. 5018.
Tchiti-ea rufiventer, Gi-ay, Hand-l. B. i. p. 333, no. 5004.
Terpsiphone smithii, Finsch ^ Hartl. Vog. Ostafr. p. 312, note.

Adult male. General colour -above rich orange-rufous, the entire
tail also of the latter colour ; scapulars and least wing-coverts orange,
like the back ; rest of the wing-coverts white, with black bases to
the feathers ; bastard wing, primary-coverts, and quills black, the
secondaries externally edged with white, the inner ones with duU
orange-rufous, the innermost being entirely of this colour ; head with
a long occipital crest glossy steel-blue, the sides of the face and throat
of this colour also ; rest of imder surface, from the lower throat
downwards, rich orange-chestnut ; under wing-coverts a little paler
than the breast ; outermost under wing-coverts white, the lower
ones black ; quills ashy blackish below, with whitish edgings to the
inner secondaries. Total length 12-8 inches, culmen 0*65, wing 3-35,
tail 4-3, middle tail-feathers 9-5, tarsus 0-6.

Adidt female. Similar to the male, but without the long centre
tail-feathers ; no white on the wing, the primaries edged with
rufous ; occipital-crest feathers rufous, tipped with steel-blue ; " bill
slate-colour, with a purplish tinge, the lower mandible lightest; feet

48. TERPSIPH0NT5. 361

the same slate-colour, resembliug the underpart of lower mandible ;
iris slate-colour, tinged with purple " (MS. note of collector, spec. /).
Total length 7'1 inches, wing 3-2o, tail 4, tarsus 0'65.

Obs. In mj ' Catalogue o£ African Birds ' I united my specimens
of this species to T. nicjnceps, not having a good series of the latter,
and supposing it to be the not fuUy plumaged phase. Having since
got a set of adult males of T. nir/riceps, there is no doubt that the
two species are easily distinguishable.

The gradual development of white on the wings probably indicates
a complete white plumage, which the series in the Museum does not
exemplify. A specimen, however, with the steel-blue colour extend-
ing upon the fore neck and chest, in addition to the white on the
wings, may give a hint as to the nature of the final dress.

Ilah. West Africa : Senegambia.

a. 2 *<i. st. West Africa. Purchased.

b. cj jtiv. ; c,fl. Imm. sk. River Gambia. R. B. Sbaipe, Esq.
e. cJ ad. sk. Cape St. Mary, Gambia, R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

Dee. 22, 1864.
/. 2 ad. sk. Cape St. Marv, Gambia, R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

March 21,180.3.
g. c? imm. sk. River Gambia.

12. Terpsiphone princeps.

Muscipeta princeps, Temm. PL Cal. iii. pi. 584.

Muscipeta atrocaudata, Eyton, P. Z. S. 1830, p. 102 ; Bp. Consp. i.

p. 325.
Muscipeta atriceps, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xi. pp. 203, 790.
Tchitrea atrocaudatus, Bhjth, J. A- S. B. xv. p. 293 ; id. Cat. B. Mus.

A. S. B. p. 204 ; Grai/, Hand-l B. i. p. 3.34, no. 5024.
Muscipeta princip.alis, Temm. Sf Schl. Faun. Japan, p. 47, pi. 17e.
Tchitrea principalis, Swinh. Ibis, 1860, p. 57.
Tchitrea princeps, Cfrai/, Hand-l. B. i. p. 333, no. 5012 ; Swinh. P.

Z. S. 1871, p. 381 ; David ^- Omtal. Ois. Qiine, p. 113.

Adult male. General colour above glossy purplish maroon, darker
on the rump ; the upper tail-coverts and tail piirplish black ; wing-
coverts maroon, like the back ; quills black, edged with dull maroon
or chestnut ; head and crest, sides of face, throat, and fore neck
purplish black, the purple shade being more distinct on the former ;
breast slightly shaded with ashy grey ; rest of under surface of body
and under tail-coverts creamy white ; flanks washed with puqolish
brown ; thighs dusky brown ; axillaries white, internally dusky, the
under wing-coverts blackish, edged with white ; " wattle round the
ej'^es cobalt-blue; iris \Aa.ck" {Wehhe). Total length 14-3 inches,
culmen 0"7, wing 3-65, tail 3-7, middle tail-feathers 11, tarsus 0-65.

Adult female. General colour above brownish chestnut ; wing-
coverts uniform with the back : primary-coverts dusky brown ; quills
blackish, externally edged with dull chestnut ; tail dull brown,
washed with rufous near the base ; crown and nape dull purplish
black, the hind neck ashy brown ; lores blackish ; sides of face and
throat dusky grey, inclining to paler ashy on the breast ; rest of

VOL. IV. 2 B

3(52 muscicapidj:.

under surface creamy white, the sides of the body washed with
chestnut : thighs dusky brown ; axillaries white ; rest of wing-
coverts dull brown. Total length G-5 inches, wing 3-3, tail 3-1,
tarsus 0-6.

Young male. Darker chestnut than the female, and with a slight
glossy maroon shade ; purple of head more distinct ; throat darker
slate-colour ; centre of body pure white, the flanks chocolate-brown.
(Mits. II. Scehohm.)

Hah. China and Japan, ranging south into the Malayan peninsula.

a. Ad. sk. China.

b. c? ad. sk. Shanghai, May 1851. R. Webbe, Esq. [P.].

c. 2 ad. sk. Japan. Zoological Society.
(1. c? ad. sk. Malacca.

e. (5 ad. sk. Malacca. Purchased.

/. Juv. sk. Kessang, Malacca. M. Bouvier.

13. Terpsiphone atrichalybea.

Muscipeta atrochdybea, Thomson, Ann. Nat. Hist. x. p. 104; Hartl.

Beitr. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 46 ; Bocage, Jurn. Lish. ii. p. 9.
Tchitrea atrochalybea, Hartl. 0)-n. W.-Afr. p. 92 ; Gray, Hand-l. B.

i. p. 333, no. 5009.
Terpsiphone atrichalybea, Finsch 8f HaHl. Vog. Ostafr. p. 313, note ;

Reivhen. J.f. O. 1877, p. 22.

Adult male (type of species). General colour above glossy greenish
black, with more or less of a steel-blue lustre, especially on the
least and median wing-coverts ; greater coverts and quills black,
edged with steel-blue, nearly obsolete on the primaries ; tail black,
with dull steel-green edges to the feathers ; under surface of body
steel-green, duller on the abdomen and under tail-coverts, which are
edged with the greenish colour ; under wing-eoverts like the breast ;
quiUs ashy black below. Total length 9-5 inches, culmen 0"6, wing
3-05, tail 3*5, centre tail-feathers 5-9, tarsus 0"8.

Hah. Congo region in West Africa, Fernando Po, St. Thomas.

a. cJ ad. sk. Fernando Po. Dr. Thomson [P.].

(Type of species.)

14. Terpsiphone corvina.

Tchitrea corvina, H. Neivton, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 345 ; id. Ibis, 1807,
p. 349, p]. 4 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 333, no. 5023 ; Hartl. Vog.
3Iadag. p. 177.

Achdt male. General colour above and below glossy blue-black ;
the wings and tail black, washed with blue-black on the edges.
Total length 13-5 inches, culmen 0-7, wing 3-75, tail 3"8, centre tail-
feathers 10-5, tarsus 0-8.

Adult female (Praslin, Seychelles, Feb. 16, 1867). General colour
above dark chestnut, the wing-coverts a little duller chestnut, with
dusky-brown inner webs : bastard wing, primary-coverts, and quills
dusky browu, narrowly edged with chestnut, the secondaries much

49. ELMINIA. 363

more broadly, the innermost almost entirely chestnut, with a shade
of dusky browu along the shaft on the outer web ; tail-feathers dull
chestnut, the two centre ones shaded with browu at the ends, all
the rest, excepting the outermost feather, dusky brown on the outer
web ; head all round, including sides of face and throat, black, with
a glossy purple gloss : remainder of under surface white, with a tinge
of chestnut on the under tail-coverts ; under wing-coverts and asil-
laries white, washed with chestnut ; quills ashy brown below, edged
with rufous along the inner webs ; " bill, skin round the eye, and
legs bluish lead-coloui- ; iris light hazel " {E. Newton). Total length
7 inches, culmen 0-0, wing 3-25, tail 3-75, tarsus 0*7. {Mus.A. 4"
E. Newton.)

Hob. Sej'chelles.

a. (S ad. sk. Seychelles. Paris Museum.

b. cT ad. sk. Praslin, Seychelles. Paris Museum [P.].

49. ELMINIA. t, „

Type.

Elminia, Bp. C. E. .x.xxviii. p. 652 (18o4) E. longicanda.

Bill of Elminia longicanda.
Mange. Confined to Africa.

Key to the Sj^ecies.

a. Outer tail-feathers duU brown, externally blue, with . •

a whitish edging to the inner web.

a'. Lores blue, like the head longicnuda, p. 363.

b'. Lores black ; bill larger than in preceding .... teresita, p. 364.

b. Outer tail-feathers white ; abdomen white, washed

with gi'ey albicauda, p. 364.

1. Elminia longicauda.

Afi'ican Tody, Lath. Gen. Hist. iv. p. 91.

Mjnagra longicauda, Swains. Monogr. Flyc. p. 210, pi. 25 ; Gray, Gen.

'B. i. p. 261 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 328," no. 4933.
Muscipeta crenilea, Hartl. J. f. O. 1854, p. 25.
Elminia longicauda, Bp. C. It. xxviii. p. 652 ; Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr.

p. 93 ; id. J. f. O. 1861, p. 168 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1869, p. 383 ; id.

Cat. Afr. B. p. 42, no. 400 ; Shelleji S; Buckley, Ibis, 1872, p. 287 ;

Sharpe S)- Bouvier, Bull. Snc. Zool. France, i. p. 4.5 ; Reichen. J. f.

O. 1877, p. 22 ; Bocaqe, Orn. Angola, p. 191 ; Nicholson, P. Z. S.

1878, p. 129.

Adult. General colour above verditer-blue, blighter and rather
more silvery blue on the head ; quills blackish, externally edged with
verditer-blue, inclining to silvery blue on the lea.st wing-coverts, the

2b 2

364 MTTSCICAPIB^.

remainder of the latter like the quills ; tail-feathers verditer-blue,
blackish on their inner webs ; sides of face and ear-coverts like the
crown ; under surface of bod}' pale ashy grej-, with a wash of blue ;
throat and fore neck verditcr-blue ; centre of abdomen whitish ;
thighs grey ; under wing-coverts and axillaries ashy grey, the edge
of the wing brighter blue. Total length 6-4 inches, culmen 0-5,
wing 2-65, tail 3-9, tarsus 0-65.
Hab. Western Africa.

a. Ad. St. [\\''est Africa.]

b. Ad. sk. Fantee. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

c. Ad. sk. River Volta ( Ussher). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

rf,e. Ad. sk. Abeokuta. F. Nicholson, Esq. [P.].

2. Eliuinia teresita.

Elminia teresita, Antin. Cat. Descr. Ucc. p. 50.
Elminia alexinse, Keuffl. J.f. 0. 1864, p. 255, et 1867, p. 203.
Elminia longicauda minor, Hertgl. Orn. N. O.-Afr. p. 446, tab. 15.
Myiagra teresita, Gray, Hand-l. i?. i. p. 328, no. 4934.
Elminia minor, Bocage, Jorn. Lisb. 1877, p. 18.

Adult. Similar to E. longicauda of West Africa, but differs in its
smaller size, slightly crested head, paler colours, and weaker feet.
Plumage dense and loose, everywhere beautiful pale azure-blue ; the
breast, under taU-coverts, and flanks paler, the latter washed with
ashy ; centre of abdomen white ; lateral margin of the forehead and
lores deep black ; quills and greater wing-coverts smoky brown, ex-
ternally margined with delicate azure, the latter tipped with white ;
the inner web of the tail-feathers, the region of the shaft, darker
smoky brown, the two middle feathers pale azure with black shafts,
the rest pale blue on the outer web, with white tips to both webs ;
bill, rictal bristles, and feet black ; iris dusky. Total length 5" 2'",
bill from front 4'", wing 2" 2'", tail 2" 3'", tarsus 5^"'-6^"', centre
tail-feathers 2" 9"'-2" 10'". {HeugUn.)

Hab. Central Jf.E. Africa.

3. Elminia albicauda.

Elminia albicauda, Bocage, Jorn. Lisb. 1877, p. 18.

Adidt. Similar to E. minor (=E. teresita) of N.E. Africa, but
differing in its crested head, its white abdomen washed with rose-
colour ; the outer tail-feathers also are white, the three following
broadly tipped with white, decreasing in extent towards the middle
ones. Total length 150 millims., wing 63, tail 84, bill 9, tarsus 15.
(^Bocage.)

Hab. Benguela.

50. PHILE^•TOMA. 365

50. PHILENTOMA.

Type.
Philentoma, Eyton, Ann. N. H. xvi. p. 229 (1845) . . P. pyrrliopterum.

Wing of Philentoma vvlatum.

Range. From Tenasscrim down the Malayan peninsula to the
islands of Java, Sumatra, and Borneo.

Key to the Species.

a. "Wings and tail blue, like the back.
a'. Throat and chin alike in colour.

«". Larger; wiug 3-8 inches : forehead,
lores, ear-coverts, and throat en-
tirely black velatum J , p. 3(JQ.

b". Smaller ; wing 3 inches : lores,
ear-coverts, and throat blue ; fore-
head and eyebrow a little lighter

/blue pi/rr/io])teruni cJ , p. 3Gtj.

h'. Chin black ; lower throat and fore neck

maroon velatum cS , p. 3U6.

b. Wiugs and tail chestnut.

c'. Head and neck all round, throat, and

chest blue pyrrhopterum c5' juv., p. 3(37.

d'. Head ashy brown, slightly glossed with

greenish ; throat and chest rufous-

bufl" pyrrhopterum J , p. 3G6.

1. Philentoma velatum.

Drymophila velata, Temm. PI. Col. 334.

Monacha velata. Swains. Classif. B. ii. p. 2-57.

Monacha csesia, Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 1G7.

Muscicapa pectoralis, Huy, Madr. Joiirn. xii. pt. 2, p. Ibl,

Myiagra pectoralis, Strickl. P. Z. S. 1846, p. 101.

Mouarcha velata. Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 260 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 326.

Philentoma velatum, Bhjth, Cat. B. Mns. A. S. B. p. 204 ; Bp. Consp.

i. p. 324 ; Horsf. ^- Moore, Cat. B. Mm. E.I. Co. i. p. 392 ; Mowe,

P. Z. S. 1854, p. 270 ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 449 ; Gray, Hand-1. B.

i. p. 3.34, no. 5027 : Wakhm, Ibis, 1872, p. 373 ; Salvad. Ucc. Born.

p. 132; Sharpe, Ibis, 1877, p. 19; Hume Si Davison, Str. F. 1878,

Philentoma unicolor, Blyth, Ibis, I860, p. 46.
Tchitrea velata, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 334, no. 5027.
Tchitrea unicolor, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 334, no. 5028.

306 MusciCAPiD.]!;.

Adult male. General colour bright greyish blue, the wing-coverts
like the back ; quills and tail-feathers like the back, internally
blackish ; under surface of body greyish blue like the back, a little
duller, the long flank-plumes silky white with blue tips ; forehead,
lores, ring round the eye, ear-coverts, and half the thi'oat black :
lower half of throat and fore neck deep maroon ; " bill black ; feet
dark greenish black" (A. Everett), " bluish or purplish black" {Da-
vison) ; " iris crimson " (^1, Everett), " lake to crimson " {Davison).
Total length 7"5 inches, culmen 0'75, wing 3-85, tail 3-3, tarsus 0'75.

Adult female. General colour dull blue, almost uniform above and
below ; long flank-plumes with partially concealed silky- white bases ;
base of the forehead, lores, cheeks, tkroat, and breast black, the rest
of the under surface somewhat shaded with blackish ; quills and tail-
feathers blackish, externally greyish blue ; " legs dark green-black ;
iris crimson" {A. Everett). Total length 7"9 inches, culmen 0-7, wing
3'8, tail 3'5, tarsus 0'7.

Hub. Southern half of Tenasserim provinces, Malayan peninsula,
Sumatra, Borneo.

a. cJad. ; b. c? juv. sk. Malacca. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

c, d. cJ $ ad. ; e. J juv. sk. Kessang, Malacca. M. Bouvier.

/•cJad. ; (/, /j. cJjuv. sk. Sumatra. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.l

/. dad. sk. Sarawak, Bor- A. R.Wallace, Esq. [C.J.

neo.

k,l. cJ?ad. sk. Sarawak, Bor- Governor Ussher [P.].

ueo.

m. (S ad. ; n. S juv. sk. Bintulu, N.W. Alfred Everett, Esq. [C.].

Borneo.

'2. Philentoma pyrrhopterum.

Muscicapa pyrrhoptera, Temm. PL Col. 59G. fig. 2 ; Lotv, Sarawak,

p. 410.
Muscipeta plumosa, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xi. p. 79.
Philentoma castaneum, Eyton, Ann. N. H. xvi. p. 229 ; Hartl. Rev.

Zool. 1846, p. 5.
Philentoma pkmiosum, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 10.
Tchiti-ea pyrrhoptera, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 260; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 334,

no. 5026,
Philentoma pyrrhopterum, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 205 ; Bp.

Consp. i. p. 324 ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 449 ; Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 138 ;

Sharpe, Ibis, 1877, p. 19 ; Tweedd. t. c. p. 316 ; Hume ^- Davisoti,

Str. F. 1878, p. 223.

Adidt male. General colour above and below greyish blue, a little
lighter on the forehead and over the eye and on the throat ; the
long silky plumes of the flanks and abdomen white, mixed with
greyish blue, the edges to the feathers being of this colour ; wings
hke the back, the lesser wing-coverts slightly brighter blue ; thighs
blue ; quills and tail-feathers dusky blackish on the inner web,
greyish blue externally : " bill black ; iris crimson " (A. Everett) ;
" legs, feet, and claws pale purplish blue " (Davison). Total length
6-5 inches, culmen 0'75, wing 3'25, tail 2'8, tarsus 0'65.

Adtdt female. Different from the male. General colour above

51. KHINOMYIAS. 367

earthy brown, lightlj- washed with olive, slightly more rufesceut on
the rump and upper tail-coverts, some of the rump-plumes with
concealed white bases ; head dingy ash-brown, as well as the sides
of the face and car-coverts, the crown with a slight shade of dull
greenish blue, especially round the eye ; scapulars rather darker than
the back ; least wing-coveits dark brown, tinged with a wash of
green, the outer ones tipped with ferruginous ; remainder of wing-
coverts chestnut; primaries dusky brown, externally edged with
ashy ; secondaries chestnut like the coverts, blackish on their inner
■webs ; tail entirely chestnut ; under surface of body rufous-buff,
whiter towards the vent ; sides of body and flanks earthy brown,
washed with ashy on the sides of the breast; under wing-coverts
and axillaries deep rufous-buff; quills dusky brown below, edged
with rufous on the inner web, more broadly on the secondaries ;
" bill dark horn-colour ; legs pale leaden ; iris bright brown " (A.
Everett) ; " upper mandible pale horny brown, the lower mandible
fleshy white ; legs, feet, and claws plumbeous olive ; iris duU red "
(Davison). Total length 5-8 inches, culmen 0-7, wing 3, tail 2-6,
tarsus 0*6.
_ Young male. Resembles the adult female at first, but is generally
distinguished by some greyish-blue feathers on some part of the
plumage ; generally the fore part of the bird above and below is
blue, the back and abdomen retaining the female plumage, and the
chestnut wings and tail stiU remaining.

In a young female, accorduig to ilr. Davison, the legs and feet are
pale horny red, the iris pale red speckled with white.

Hab. Extreme south of Tenasserim provinces, Malacca, Sumatra,
Borneo.

a. cJ num. sk. Malacca. Hon. E. India Co. [P.].

b. c? imm. sk. Malacca. W. Ilanev, Esq. [P.].

'■• 2 ad. sk. Mount Ophir, Ma- A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

lacca.

d, e. S ad. sk. Kessang, Malacca. M. A. Bouvier.

.f,y- 6 $ ad. sk. Sumatra. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.l.

h. S juv. sk. Sumatra. A. R. Wallace, Esq. rC.1.

«• 2 ad. sk. N.W. Borneo. Hugh Low, Esq. [0.1. '

k, I. c? 2 ad. sk. Lumbidan. Governor Ussher [C.J

m. S juv. sk. Lumbidan. Governor Ussher [Cl.

n. c5'ad.; o. (J juv. sk. Bintulu. Alfred Everett, Esq. fc.l

P- 2 ad. sk. Sibu. .Alfred Everett, Esq. [C. |.

9- 2 ad. sk. Sarawak. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

51. EHINOMYIAS.

Setiiria, pt., mictt. recent, (nee Bli/lh).

Ranije. Borneo and the Philippine island of Basilan.

Ken '" '''*^ Species.

a. Tail brown on the inner web, rufous-brown only on

the outer ; ear-coverts brown jKctoralis, p. .368.

b. Tail entirely chestnut ; ear-coverts grev rufcavda, p. 368.

3fi8 jurscicAPiDj:.

1. Rhinomyias pectoralis.

Alcippe pectoralis, Salvad. Atti R. Accad. Torin. ii. p. 530.
Bracnypteryx pectoralis, Giebel, Orn. Thes. i. p. 477.
Setaria pectoralis, Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 233, tav. 4. fig. 1 ; Sharpe,
Ibis, 1877, p. 12.

Adult male. General colour above dark ockraceoiis brown, the
head decidedly duller than the back ; lesser and median wing-
coverts like the back ; bastard wing and primary- coverts uniform
dull brown ; quills dull brown, narrowly edged with the same brown
as the back on the outer web, the secondaries more broadly margined
with the same colour ; tail-feathers dark brown, externally washed
with dark ochraceous brown ; lores white, with dusky -brown bases ;
a ring round the eye blackish brown ; cheeks, ear-coverts, and sides
of face dark brown, with a wash of ochraceous brown ; under sur-
face of body white, with an ashy-grey band across the chest, the
sides of which are washed with ochraceous brown, the flanks and
thighs entirely of this colour ; under wing-coverts and axillaries
white, those near the edge of the wing dark brown, forming a patch ;
quills dark brown below, with fulvescent edges along the inner
web ; " bill black ; legs light puq)Ush ; iris light brown," Total
length 6 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3, tail 2'5, tarsus 0"7.

Adult female. Similar to the male, but the pectoral band browner.
Total length 5-5 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 2-85, tail 2-5, tarsus 0*7.

Young. Lighter brown than the adidt ; below yellowish biiff,
whiter on the throat, abdomen, and under tail-coverts.

Hah. Sumatra and Eorneo.

a. c? juv. sk. Sumatra {Van Horner'). Leyden Museum [P.

b. 5 ad. sk. Borneo (Schicane)-). Leyden Museum [P.

c. d, e. Ad. sk. N.W. Borneo. Hugh Low, Esq. [C.
f,ff. d 2 ad. sk. Bintulu, W. Borneo. Alfred Everett, Esq. TC]
h, i. Ad. sk. .Sarawak. Henr}' Everett, Esq. [0.1.
h. c? ad. sk. Sarawak. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.J.

2. Rhinomyias ruficauda.

Setaria ruficauda, Shar2Je, Tr. Linn. Soc. new series, vol. i. p. 327.

Advlt male. General colour above dull ochraceous brown, more
dusky on the head ; least wing-coverts like the back ; median and
greater series as well as the quills dull brown, edged with ochraceous
brown like the back, the secondaries more broadly washed on the
outer web, the innermost especially so ; primary-coverts and bastard
plumes dusky brown, with a very slight olive shade on the outer
margin ; upper tail-coverts and tail-feathers chestnut-rufous, with a
slight shade of rufous-brown on the outer webs ; lores and space
before the eye dull white, mottled with dusky bases to the feathers ;
ear-coverts and sides of face dull greyish ; under surface of body
white, with a slight greyish shade, more distinct on the flanks,
which are also somewhat washed with ochraceous brown, as also

52. cuiicicAPA. 369

are the sides of the upper breast ; thighs hrown ; under ■wing-
coverts aud axillaries white, the edge of the wing browner ; quills
dusky brown below, buffy white along the edge of the inner web ;
" iris hazel " {Steere). Total length 5-5 inches, culmen 0-65, wing
2-95, tail 2-4, tarsus 0-7.

Hah. Island of Basilan, Philippine archipelago.

a. (S ad. sk. Basilan. Dr. J. B. Steere [C.]. (One of

the typical specimens.)

52. CULICICAPA. ^Type.

Cryptoloplia, auct. (nee Sicains. 1837).
Myialestes, auct. (nee Cab. 1850).*

Culicicapa, Swin/t. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 381 0. ceylonensis.

Empidothera, Simckv. Ai\ Meth. Tent. p. 25 (1872) . . C. ceylonensis.
Xantholestes, Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. 2nd series, i.

p. 327 (1877) C. panayensis.

Bill of Citlicicapa ceylonensis.

Range. From India and Ceylon, extending through the Burmese
countries down the Malayan peninsula to the islands of Java, the
Philippines, and Celebes.

Key to the Species.

a. Head and throat grey ; back greenish yellow ;

under surface of body bright yellow ceylonensis, p. 369.

h. Head yellow or greenish.

a. Larger : head and sides of face bright yellow,

like the throat helianthea, p. 370.

h'. Smaller : head and sides of face greenish .... panayensis, p. 371.

1. Culicicapa ceylonensis.t

Platyrhynchus ceylonensis, Swains. Zool. Illustr. ser. i. pi. 13.
Cryptolopha poiocephala, Swains. Nat, Hist. Flycatchers, p. 200,

■pi. 23.
Khipidura ceylonensis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259.
Cryptolopha cevlonensis, Gray, Cat. Mamm. S,-c. Nepal Coll. Hodgs.

p. 93.
Cryptolopha cinereocapilla, Hutton, J. A. S. B. svii. p. 689 ; Blyth,

Cat. B. Mtts. A. S. B. p. 205 ; Bp. Co)isp. i. p. 327 ; Horsf. 8,- Moore,

* Cf. Sharpe, Cat. B. iii. p. 305.

t Several authors, commenciug with Blytli, liave attributed a Muscicapa
cinereocapilla of Vieillot to this species. I have uot succeeded in finding this
name.

370 MrSCIC.4J>lDiE.

Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 147; Jfoorc, R Z. S. 1854, p. 271;

Jerd. B. Lid. i. p. 455 ; Cuck ^ Marsh. Str. F. 1873, p. 352 ;

Adam, t. c. p. 377.
Eliipidura cinereocapilla, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 332, no. 5001.
Culicicapa cinereocapilla, Sicinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 381 ; Hume, Str. F.

1874, p. 474; Oates, Str. F. 1875, p. 104; Brooks, t. c. p. 234;

Fairb. Str. F. 1876, p. 257 ; Armstr. t. c. p. 322.
Mviolestes cinereocapilla, Holdsio. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 441 ; Ball, Str. F.

*1874, pp. 404, 406.
Enipidothera ceylonensis. Sunder. Av. 3leth. Tent. p. 25.
Culicicapa ceylonensis, Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 134: David ^- Oustal.

Ois. Cliine,~^. 113; Fairh. Str. F. 1877, p. 401 ; Sume ^- Davison,

Str. F. 1878, p. 226.

Adult. General colour above greenish yellow, brighter yellow on
the rump ; wings dark brown, the coverts and quills edged with
greenish yellow like the back ; tail-feathers dusky brown, edged
with greenish yellow ; head and nape dull ashy gi'ey, lighter on the
nape, the head dusky brown in the centre ; sides of face, throat, and
fore neck lighter ashy grey, the feathers in front of the eye and the
centre of the throat hoary grey ; remainder of under surface bright
yeUow, the breast and sides of body slightly shaded with greenish ;
under wing-coverts yellow ; quills dusky brown below, edged with
ashy whitish along the inner web ; " bill dusky ; feet fleshy brown ;
iris brown " (Holdsworth) ; " bill horny brown above, pinkish fleshy
below ; inside of mouth fleshy ; gape yellowish ; iris dark brown ;
eyelid plumbeous : legs, feet, and claws pinkish brown" (Oates);
" irides nearly black ; bill dusky above, dirty wbite underneath ;
legs and feet brownish yellow " (Armstrong). Total length 4-2
inches, culmen 0*3o, wing 2*35, tail 2'2, tarsus 0-5.

Hab. India and Ceylon ; Burmese countries, ranging through the
Malayan peninsiila to Java and Borneo.

a. Ad. sk. Cashmere. E. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

b, c, d, e. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].
/, ff. (5 ad. sk. N.W. Himalayas. Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill

h. Ad. sk. Bassein, Pegu. W. f . Blanford, Esq. [P.],

i. 2 fid. sk. Naga hills. Col. Godwin-Austen [P.l.

k. Ad. sk. Lower Pegu, Jan. 26, R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]."

1878 (F. Oates).

I. 2 ad. sk. West Java. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.l

7«. Ad. sk. Sarawak. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [0.].

n, 0, p. Ad. sk. Sarawak. Henry Everett, Esq. [P,

2. Culicicapa helianthea,

Muscicapa helianthea, Wallace, P. Z. S. 1865, p, 476 ; Gray, Hand-l.

B. i. p. 321, no. 4818.
Myialestes helianthea, Walden, Tr. Z. S. viii. p. 66, pi. 7. fig. 1.
CuUcicapa helianthea, Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 135.
Xantholestes helianthea, Sharpe, Tr, Linn. Soc. new series, i. p. 327.

Adult ft:mcde (tyi^e oi sipecies). Above g];eenish yellow, inclining

53. MTIAGRA, 371

to bright yellow on the rump, the head a little dingier than the
back ; lores and a ring of feathers round the eye bright jellow ;
belo-w the fore part of the eye a dusky greenish spot ; sides of face
and under surface of body bright yellow, richer on the abdomen and
under tail-coverts ; flanks very slightly washed 'with greenish ;
under wing-coverts yellow ; wings brown, coverts and quills edged
with greenish yellow, the least and median series of coverts uniform
with the back, the greater coverts tipped with yellow ; tail-feathers
dusky brown, edged with yellow. Total length -i'T inches, culmen
0-4, wing 2"4, tail 2, tarsus 0*5.
Hah. Island of Celebes.

a. 2 ad. sk. Menado, N. Celebes. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

(Trpe of species.)
h. Ad. sk. Menado. A. K. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

3. Culicicapa panayensis.

Xantholestes panayensis, Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soe. new series, i. p. 327.

Adult male (type of species). General colour above olive-yellow,
the head and sides of face greenish ; wing-coverts, quills, and tail-
feathers brown, margined with yellow ; lores yellow ; underneath
very bright yellow, the throat rather duller. Total length 4*7
inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2-2, tail 2-2, tarsus 0-5. {Mus. Steere.)

Hab. Island of Panay, Philippines.

53. MYIAGRA. r^ypg

Myiagra, Vigors Sf Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 250

"(1826) M. rubecula.

Platygnathus, Hartl. in Wiegm. Arch. 1852, p. 132 . M. ruiiventris.

Bill of Myiagra mclanura.

Rmige. Australia and Tasmania; Austro-llalayau region and
Oceania.

Key to the Species.

a. Throat leaden grey or greenish black, like the
head.
a'. Abdomen white.

a". Back ashy or leaden gi'ey, with a slight
gloss on the head.
a'". Lores dusky greyish or lead-coloui-,

not darker than the sides of the face . rnhecuhi o , p. 373.
h'". Lores and feathers in front of the eye

black coricinnri S , P- 374.

372 iirsciCAPiD^.

b". Back glossy greeu ; lores and ear-coverts
blacker.
c'". Larger ; wiug 3'55 inches : upper sur-
face of body and throat bright steel-
green nitida (S , p. 375.

d'". Smaller ; wing 2"85 inches : back dull
greenish, with somewhat of an oily-
green cast.
a^. Inner webs of tail-feathers whitish

at tip caledonica cS , p. 378.

b^. Inner webs of tail-feathers entirely

black melanura (S , p. 379.

b'. Abdomen chestnut rvjiventris (S , p. 376.

c'. Abdomen leaden gi-ey or blue-black.

c". Larger; wing 3-25 inches: back leaden

grey, the head glossy greenish pluto cS , p. 380.

d". Smaller ; -ftang 2"8o inches : back glossy
blue-black, the head imiform with the

back atra c? , p. 380.

h. Throat light or dark rufous.

d'. Head more or less darker than the back,
but not forming an azui-e-blue cap.
c". Head perceptibly glossy, dark gi'eenish
or lead-colour, contrasting more or less
with the back, which has very Uttle
gloss,
e'". Lores and base of forehead blackish
or glossy greenish, like the crown,
not grey.
c". Cheeks and throat deep chestnut ;
breast and under surface pure white,
sharply defined ; imder wmg-co verts

and axillaries pure white albiventris J , p. 377.

d*'. Cheeks and throat deep orange-
rufous, rest of imder surface whi-
tish, slightly shaded with orange-

bufl": imder wing-coverts and axil- • i ■, ■ n q'-o
1 . ' , S- \ caledonica 9, p. 3/9.

lanes orange-buii -^ ■ ,+ ' v,qo

'^ I oceanica c? , p. 383.

f". Lores and base of forehead greyish,
e*. Abdomen rufous, like the breast and

throat rujiventris 5 , p. 376,

f*. Abdomen more or less pure white.
«'. Throat deep orange-rufous or
chestnut.
«^. Red colour of throat not ex-
tending to fore neck albiccntris J , p. 377.

6". Red colour of throat occupj-ing

also the fore neck and chest. . ritjiytda J , p. 382.
6\ Throat light orange-buff or rufous.
c°. Larger ; wing 2'85 inches :
throat orange-rufous right up
to base of bill ; tail uniform . . latirostri& S , p. 38L
f/°. Smaller ; wing 2-75 inches :
chin white; throat orange-
ruibus ; tail-feathers tipped
with white viudcita, p. 378.

53. MYIAGRA. 373

/■". Head with scarcely any gloss, ashy grey,
nearly uniform with tlie back.
g'". Outer tail-feather not edged with
white.
g*. Forehead grey, the lores and base of

forehead reddish buff galeata J , p. 385.

¥. Forehead and lores chestnut erytkrops, p. 383.

h'". Outer tail-feather edged with white
along the outer web.
i*. Outer tail-feather white for nearly

terminal half ' caledonica $ , p. 379.

k*. Outer tail-feather only edged with

white at tip of both webs.

c'. Throat deep orange-rufous ; greater

coverts tipped with dull whitish,

but not edged with the same . . rujtgida J , p. 382.

<V, Throat light orange - rufous;

gi-eater wing-coverts edged with , , , „ „„ ,

whitish . .? " '■"^^"''^ ?' P- ;^if'

( conanna 5 , p. 374.
e'. Crown of head with an azure-blue cap, con-
trasting strongly with the back.
g". Larger : throat deep maroon ; outer tail-
feathers not tipped with white azureicn^nlla, p. 383.

h". Smaller: throat deep chestnut; outer

tail-feathers white at the ends castaneigularis, p. 384.

c. Throat white.

/'. Under surface entirely white galeata c? , p. 385.

g'. Under surface ashy brown, the abdomen ■ • „o„

white \gcy,-amemts,^S8Q.

j atra § , p. 381.

1. Myiagra rubecula.

Eed-breasted Tody, Lath. Gen. Si/ti. Stippl. p. 147.

Todus rubecula, Lath. ItuL Orn. Suppl. p. xxxii.

Platyrhynchus rubecula, Vieill. N. L)ict. d'Hist. Nut. xxvii. p. 16.

Myiagra rubeculoides, Vig. Sf Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 253.

Mviagi-a plumbea, Tig. §• Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 254 ; Gould.

B. Austr. folio, ii. pi. 89 ; Blgth, Cat. B. Mm. A. S. B. p. 204 ;

Bp. Cunsp. i. p. 321 ; Eeichenb. Vog. Keuholl. p. 96 ; Gould, Handh.

B. Austr. i. p. 252; Rammy, His, 1865, p. 301; Biqgles, Orn.

Anstr. pi. 38. figs. 3, 4; Legge, Fr.R. Hoc. Tasin. 1875, p. 10;

Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 587 ; id. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. IF ii

p. 182.'
Myiagra rubecula, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 261 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p 327

no. 4915. ^ '

Mviagra leucogastra, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiii. p. 336.
Myiagra nitida, Pch. Ibis, 1873, p. 113.
Myiagra concinna {nee Goidd), Salvad. 8f D'Alhert. Ann. Mus.

Civic. Genov. vii. p. 819; Salvad. op. cit. ix. p. 24 ; Sharjie, Jmtrn.

Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 498.

Adtdt male. General colour above leaden grey, with a steel-o-rcen
gloss ; wing-coverts like the back ; quills dusky brown, externally
ashy grey ; tail-feathers dusky brown, edged with grey, slightly
glossed with green ; sides of face, sides of neck, throat^ and fore
neck leaden grey, like the back, but more distinctly glossed with

374 MUSCICAPID-a5.

steel-green; feathers in front of eye dull greyish; remainder of
under surface white ; thighs dusky ; under wing-coverts and axU-
laries white ; quills ashy brown below, white along the inner web ;
" biU leaden blue, except at the tip, which is black ; feet black ;
iris black" (GoidJ). Total length 5-7 inches, cidmen 0"6o, wing 3-1,
tail 2\S, tarsus 0-65.

Adult female. General colour above bluish grey, rather duUer and
browner on the bade ; wing-coverts and quills dusky brown, exter-
nally edged with bluish grey, the least series like the back ; tail-
feathers light ashy brown, with reddish-brown shafts, the outer
feathers considerably paler both at the tips and on the outer webs ;
forehead and lores slightly hoary; feathers below the eye darker
slate-colour ; eyelid dull whitish ; cheeks, throat, and fore neck
light reddish buff, paler on the breast ; rest of under surface of body
white, the flanks slightly washed with grey ; thighs dusky ; under
wing- coverts white, with dusky bases ; quills ashy brown below,
white along the edge of the inner web. Total length 5-2 inches,
cnlmen 0*5, wing 2-8, tail 2-6, tarsus 0'6.

Obs. I consider 21. conn'nna to be really a distinct species from
M. ruhecula, but on totally different grounds from those given by
Mr. Gould. Indeed, if we did not know that his specimens were
from North-west Australia, his figures and descriptions would be
referable to M. ruhecula. The chief difference in the male birds is
the presence of the black frontal line and black lores of M. concinna.
The specimens from South-eastern New Guinea belong to M. ruhecula,
not to M. concinna.

Hah. Australia and Tasmania, ranging into South-eastern New
Guinea.

a. (S ad. sk. Australia. Linuean Society [P.].

(Type of M. plumbea.)

b. 2 ad sk. Australia. Linnean Society [P.].

(Type of M. nibecula.)

c. 2 ad. sk. Australia.

d,e. S 2 ^d. sk. Port Albany. Purchased.

/, c? juv. sk. Duuk Island. J. MacgUlivray, Esq. [C.].

ff. cJ ad. St. Tasmania. Ronald Gunn, Esq. [P.].

h. 2 ad.; /. <S juv.sk. Near Port Moresby, 0. C. Stone, Esq. [C.].
S.E. New Guinea.

2. Myiagra concinna.

Muscivore plombs5, Homhr. et Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud, Atlas, pi. 12 his,

fig. 2.
Myiagra concinna, Gould, B. Austr. ii. pi. 90 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 321 ;

Meichenb. Vof/. Neuholl. p. 224, no. 571 ; Gould, Handb. B. Austr.

i. p. 254 ; Finsch, Weu- Guinea, p. 170; Dic/ffles, Orn. Austr. text

to pi. 38 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 328, no. 4917 ; Ramsay, Pr. Linn.

Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 182.
Mjaagra grisea, Jacq. et PucJier. Voy. Pole Sud, texts, iii. p. 78.

Adult male. General colour above leaden grey, with a steel-
greenish gloss, deeper on the head, sides of face, sides of neck, throat,

53. MYIAGRA. 375

and fore neck, which are steel-green of au ashy shade ; a narrow
frontal line, lores, and feathers in front of the ej'e black ; rest of
under surface pure white, including the under wing-coverts and
axillaries ; wing-coverts above ashy grey like the back, glossed
with green; quills dusky brown, edged with ashy whitish, below
greyish brown, edged with whitish along the inner web ; tail-feathers
ashy brown, edged with steel-greenish ; " bill leaden-blue, black at
extreme tip; feet blackish grey; iris brown" (Gould). Total
length 5-6 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 2-95, tail 2-65, tarsus 0*65.
Hub. N^orthern and iS^orth-western Australia.

a, b. (J 2 ad. st. Port Essingtou. Capt. W. Chambers [P-l-

c. c? ad. sk. Port Essiiigton. Capt. W. Chambers [P.J.

d. c? ad. sk. N.W. Australia, Feb. 21, J. R. Elsey, Esq. [P.].

1856.
«>/• d ad. sk. Depot, Victoria River, J. R. Elsey, Esq. [P.].
Nov. 1855.

3. Myiagra nitida.

Myiagi-a nitida, Gould, P. Z. S. 18:37, p. 142 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 261 ;
Gould, B. Austr. folio, ii. pi. 91 ; Reiclienb. Toy. Neuholl. p. 223,
no. 570; Bp. Cuns}}. Gen. Av. i. p. 321 ; Jacq. ef Fucker. Voy. Pole
Slid, texts, iii. p. 78 ; Gotdd, Hundh. B. Austi\ i. p. 255 ; Gray,
Hand-l. B. i. p. 328, no. 4916; Diqiiles, Orn. Austr. pi. 38. fig. 2;
Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 586.

Myiagre brillant, Honibr. et Jacq. Voy. Pule Sud, Atlas, pi. 12 bis,

Myiagra rubecida, Ramsay, P: Lnm. Soc. A. S. W. ii. p. 182 (nee
Lath.).

Adult male. General colour above glossy steel-black with a greeuish
shade ; wing-coverts uniform with the back ; greater coverts and
quills black, edged with steel-green, the innermost secondaries
washed with green ; tail black, edged with steel-green ; sides of
face, sides of neck, throat, and fore neck glossy greenish black ;
remainder of under surface white, including the under wing-
coverts and axillaries, the latter with black bases ; sides of body
shaded with dusky grey ; thighs white, -^ith dusky bases ; quills
blackish below, edged with white along the inner web ; " bill lead-
colour at base, passing into black at the tip ; feet black ; iris black "'
(Goidd). Total length G'6 inches, culmen 0-6, wing B-55, tail 3-2,
tarsus 0-65.

Adidt femcde. Different from the male. General colour above
brown shaded with slaty grey, the latter colour more developed on
the rump and upper tail-coverts ; wing-coveits imiform with the
back, the primary-coverts darker brown ; quills externally edged
with ashy brown ; tail brown, with pale shafts, the penultimate
feather lighter brown, the outermost still paler, edged with white
along the outer web and at the tip of the inner one : head darker
slate-colour than the back, and strongly glossed with steel-blue ;
ear-coverts and feathers under the eye blackish ; forehead washed
with hoary grey ; feathers in front of the eye and eyelid dusky
white ; cheeks, throat, and fore neck orange-rufous, the rest of the

376 MU3CICAPID.E.

under surface white, slightly washed with orauge-huff, the flanks
washed with duskj- grey ; thighs dull brown ; under wing-coverts
and axillaries pale orange-fulvous, with dusky bases ; quills ashy
brown below, edged with white along the inner web. Total length
6-4 inches, culmen 0-G, wing 3-35, tail 3-15, tarsus 0-65.

Yoinig male. Similar to the old female, but with more gloss on
the upper surface, the orange of the throat much deeper and more
chestnut, and shghtly shaded with black.

Hab. Australia and Tasmania.

a. c? ad. St. Australia. J. Gould, Esq. [P.

b. cJ juv. St. Australia. J. Gould, Esq. [P.
c> d. c? $ ad. sk. Port Albany. Purchased.
e. Q ad. sk. Cape Upstart, April 1st, J. B. Jukes, Esq. [P.].

1843.
/. 5 ad. sk. T.ismania. Ronald Gunn, Esq. [P.].

"i^. cJ ad. sk. Tasmania. Antarctic Expedition [C.].

4. Myiagra rufiventris. (Plate XI. fig. 1.).

Platyi'hynchos vanikorensis*, Quoy et Gaim. Voy. de VAstrol. i.

p. 183, pi. o. fig. 1 ; Hartl. in Wieffm. Arch. 1852, p. 101 ; Peak,

U.S. Expl. Exp. p. 102.
Muscicapa vanikorensis. Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 263.
Platygnatlius vanikorensis, Hartl. in Wiegm. Arch. 1852, p. 132.
Myiagi'a vanikorensis, Cass. U.S. Expl. E.vp. p. 148; Gray, Hand-l.

B. i. p. 329, no. 49-36.
Myiagra rufiventris, Elliot, Ibis, 1859, p. 393.
Myiagra castaneiventris (nee Monarcha castaneiventris,Yew.'f),Finsch

'^ Hartl. Eatin. C'entralpoh/n. p. 93, pi. 9. figs. 2, 3 ; Whitmee,

Ibis, 1875, p. 447 ; Layar'd, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 435 ; id. Ibis, 1876,

p. 392 ; Finsch, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 734.

Adult male. General colour slaty grey, with a greenish gloss, the
sides of the rump more decidedly greyer ; wings dark brown, the
least and median coverts greenish ; greater coverts greyish, edged
with greenish ; quills edged with grey, slightly shaded with green ;
tail ashy brown, glossed slightly with green, the outer feathers
narrowly edged with white at the tip of the inner web ; head all
round, throat, fore neck, and sides of neck glossy greenish black,
the rest of the under surface chestnut ; thighs white, with grey
bases ; under wing-covcrts and axillaries white, slightly tinged with
yellowish ; quills dusky brown below, ashy whitish along the edge
of the inner web ; " biU blue-black ; legs the same ; iris brown "
{Layard). Total length 5'5 inches, culmen 0-65, wing 3, tail 2-5,
tarsus 0"7.

Adult female. Diifers from the male in being much paler in
colour ; upper surface ashy grey, without any greenish gloss ; wings

* Dr. Oustalet kindly informs me that the type of M. vanikorensis is un-
doubtedly of the same species as M.rvfivenfris; but the name cannot be used as
it perpetuates an error in locality.

t This species of ^'erreaiix's, apparently represented only by the unique spe-
cimen in the British Museum, is quite a diiferent bird, and belongs to the genus
Poinarea. I have figured both species on the same Plate to clear up the matter.

53. MTJAfiRA. 377

and tail brown, externally edged willi grey : head darker than the
back, and strongly glossed with green ; sides of face and ear-coverts
dark like the crown ; in front of the eye a spot of dull white ; cheeks
and under surface of body light chestnut or cinnamon-buff, the chin
and fore j^art of cheeks whiter ; thighs whitish ; under wing-coverts
and axiUaries white, with blackish bases ; quills dusky browu below,
edged with white along the inner web ; " bill blue ; legs blue-black ;
iris reddish brown " (Laifard). Total length 5-2 inches, culmen 0"H,
wing 2-75, tail 2-25, tarsus 0'65.

Uab. Fiji Islands : universally distributed.

a. Ad.sk, [Samoan Islands.] Piu'chased. (Type of ^If.

riffiivntris.)

b. S ad. sk. Ovalau, Sept. 15, 1874. E. L. Layard, Esq. [C; .

c. 5 ad. sk. Ovalau, June 12, 1875. E. L. Layard, Esq. [0.°.

d. (5' ad. sk. Levuka, Ovalau, July J. Brenchlev, Esq. [P.".

I860.

e. (5 ad. sk. Matuku Island ( Voycu/e F. M. Rayner, Esq. [P.].

of the ^Herald').

f. (J- 6 2 ad. sk. Ngau Island. F. M. Rayner, Esq. [P.].
/(. J ad. sk. Matherata Island {Lay- Rev. 8. J. Whitmee.

ard).
i. cJ ad. sk. Kandavu, Sept. 1876 Godeffroy Museum.

{Kleinschinidt).
k. $ ad. sk. ValiiLele,Aug.28,1876 Godeffroy Mii.*eum.

( Kleinschn kit) .

5. Myiagra albiventris.

Platvrhynchus albiventris, Peak, U.S. E.vpl. Exp. p. 103, pi. 27. fig. 3 ;

Hartl. in inW/m. Arch. 1852, p. 101.
Platygnathus albiventris, Hartl. in Wiegm. Arch. 1852, p. 133.
Myiagra rubecula, Cas^. U.S. E.vpl. Exp. p. 149 Qiec Lath.).
Myiagra albiventris, Gray, Cat. B. Trop. Isl. Pacific Ocean, p. 18 ;

Einsch 8f Hartl. Faim. Centrnlpohin. p. 93, pi. 9. fig. 1 ; Graij,

Hand-l. B. i. p. 328, no. 4926 ; " Whitmee, Ibis, 1875, p. 440 ;

Layard, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 492.

Adult male. General colour above dull slaty grey, with a steel-
grey lustre ; wing-coverts like the back ; greater coverts, primary-
coverts, and quills blackish, without any lustre on the edges of the
feathers, which are slightly shaded with slaty grey externally ; tail
black, slightly glossy on the edges of the feathers ; head, sides of
face, and ear-coverts glossy steel-greenish black ; cheeks, throat, and
chest rich chestnut ; rest of under surface of body pure white, the
sides of the upper breast slaty grey, glossed with steel-green ; under
wing-coverts and axiUaries white, with dusky black bases ; quills
slaty black below, narrowly edged with white along the inner web ;
" bill light blue -, legs black ; iris brown" {Peale). Total length 5-5
inches, culmen 0-6, wing 2-85, tail 2-55, tarsus 0*6.

Adidt female. Similar to the male, but not so richly colotired, the
head and sides of face not much darker than the back, and with no
more gloss ; lores greyish ; chestnut colour of throat not so rich, and

VOL. IV. 2 c

378 MUSCICAPXJ)J5.

not extending so far down as in the male. Total length 5*3 inches,
culmen 0-6, wing 2-7, tail 2-25, tarsus 0"6o.
Hah. Samoa or Navigators' Islands.

a,h. S 2 ^^- ^^' Upolu, Samoa Islands. Kev. S. J.Whitmee [C.].
c. Ad. sk. Samoa. Godeffroy Museum.

6. Myiagra modesta.

Myiagra modesta, Gray, Cat. B. Trop. Id. Pacific Ocean, p. 18 ; id.
'Hand-l. B. i. p. 328,' no. 492-5.

Adult (type of species). General colour above leaden grey, washed
with glossy steel-green on the back ; wing-coverts like the back ;
quills dusky brown, externally light leaden grey ; tail-feathers leaden
grey, dusky on the inner webs, narrowly edged with dull white at
the tips, the outer feathers more plainly ; head and neck glossy
steel-green, of a leaden-grey cast, the ear-coverts and sides of face
duller ; a line at the base of the forehead and the feathers in front
of the eye light grey ; eyelid whitish ; checks and under surface of
body light orange-rufous, whiter on the throat and fore part of
cheeks, and fading into buff on the sides of the body ; abdomen,
under tail-coverts, axillaries, and under wing-coverts white ; thighs
dusky, the feathers edged with white ; quills ashy brown below,
whitish along the inner web. Total length 5*7 inches, culmen 0'55,
wing 2-75, tail 2-5, tarsus 0-8.

Hah. New Ireland.

a. Ad. sk. New Ireland. Purchased.

7. Myiagra caledonica.

Myiagra caledonica, Bp. Rev. ct Mar/, de Zool. 1 857, p. 55 ; Gray,
Hand-l. B. i. p. 328, no. 4924 ; id. in Brenchley's Cruise of the
' Curaqoa; pi. 8. fig. 2 ; Laijard, Ibis, 1877, p. 358.

MyiagTR perspicillata. Gray, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 161 ; Flnsch, New-
Guinea, p. 170 ; Marie, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, xxvii. p. 327 ;
Sclater Sf Sale. Ibis, 1877, p. 362.

Myiagra viridinitens, Gray, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 102 ; id. Cat. B. Trop.
Isl. Pacific Ocean, p. 18 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 328, no. 4922 ; 3Iarie,
Actes Soc. Limi. Bordeaux, xxvii. p. 327 ; Sclater 8f Sedv. Ibis,
1877, p. 302.

Adult male (typo of species). Above glossy greenish black ; wings
dusky black, the coverts edged with greenish like the back ; quills
obscurely edged with dingy grey ; tail black, with a slight whitish
edging at the tip, increasing in extent towards the outermost, which
is edged with white along the outer web ; sides of face, sides of
neck, entire throat, and fore neck greenish black like the back ; rest
of under surface of body pure white, the sides dusky grey ; thighs
dull brown ; under wing-coverts and axiUaries white, with blackish
bases ; quills ashy brown below, edged with white along the inner
web. Total length 5-8 inches, culmen 0-65, wing 2-85, tail 2-7,
tarsus 0-8.

5;{. MVIAriRA, 379

YuiuKj male. General colour above dull leaden grey glossed with
greenish, the head very little darker than the hack, and more plainly
glossed with dull greenish ; least and median coverts uniform with
the back, the greater series brown, narrowly tipped with whitish ;
quills brown, narrowly edged with lighter brown ; tail-feathers
brown, the penultimate one tipped with white on the inner web,
the outermost white for nearly the terminal half, and edged with
white along the outer web ; lores, sides of face, and ear-coverts
greenish black ; eyelid white ; cheeks, throat, and fore neck deep
orange-rnfous, almost chestnut ; the rest of the under surface white,
tinged with orange-buff on the sides of the body ; under wing-coverfcs
and axillaries light orange-buff; quills dark brown below, ashy
whitish along the inner web ; " iris dark brown " (Brenehlei/).
Total length 5-5 inches, culmeu 0-6o, wing 2-7, tail 2-5, tarsus 0'7.

Adult female. Differs from the male in being paler and more ashy
grey, browner on the back, the head alone with a dull greenish
gloss ; wing-coverts brown like the back, with a narrow whitish tip
to the greater series ; quills brown, mai'gined with lighter brown,
the inner secondaries edged with whitish at the tip ; tail-feathers
dark brown, slightly tipped with whitish, increasing in extent
towards the outer feathers, the outermost white along the external
web and for nearly the terminal third of the inner one ; lores ashy
grey ; eyelid white ; ear-coverts darker grey than the head ; cheeks,
sides of neck, throat, and chest orange-rufous, the breast buff, fading
into white on the abdomen, vent, and under tail-coverts ; thighs
brown; under wing-coverts and axillaries light orange-buff ; quills
ashy brown below, light orange-buff along the inner web. Total
length 5'2 inches, culmcn 0*65, wing 2"65, tail 2-o5, tarsus 0"6o.

Hah. New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands.

a. (S ad. sk. Port de France, New Cale- J. Breuchley, Esc[. [P.].

donia, Oct. 1865.

b. (S jnv. s]c. Nu, Port de France. J. Macgillivray, Esq. [C.j.

(Type of M. perspicillata.)

c. 5 ad. sk. New Caledonia. Purchased.

d. cJ ad. sk. Loyalty Islands, Sir G. Grey [P.].

(Type of M, uridinitens.)

8. Myiagra melanura.

Myiagia melauura, Gray, Cat. B. Trop. Isl. Pacijic Ocean, p. 18 ; id.
Iland-l. B. i. p. 328, no. 4923 ; id. in Bre)ichJeifs Cruise of the
' Cura^oa,' pi. 8. fig. 1 ; Tristr. Ibis, 1870, p. 262.

Adult nude (type of species). Similar to M. caledonica, but with
the tail entirely black, without the white edgings at the tip of the
inner web. Total length 5-5 inches, culmeu 0-65, wing 3, tail 2-55,
tarsus 0"7.

Ohs. The character by which Mr. Gray separated M. melanura
from M. caledonica was the absence of white edging to the outer
tail-feather. Tliis is true of the Erromango bird, and of the one
from Yanua Lava ; but in the specimen from Aneiteum the outer

2c 2

380 MPSCICAPID^.

feather is narroirly edged with white, as in the Loyalty-Island bird,
thoiigh not to the same extent. The amount of white on the tail
evidently varies, and does not commend itself to me as a strong
specific character.

Adult female . General colour above light brown, somewhat shaded
with ashy, especially on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; wing-
coverts like the back, the edge of the wing white, as well as the tips
to the greater coverts ; qiiiUs dark brown, edged with lighter brown
like the back ; taU light brown, the outer feathers ashy white at the
tip of the inner webs, increasing in extent towards the outermost
feather, which is edged with ashy white along the outer web also ;
head darker than the back and distinctly shaded with slaty grey, as
also the sides of the face : feathers in front of the eye lighter grey ;
round the eye a ring of whitish plumes ; cheeks, throat, and breast
light orange-buff, becoming gradually paler towards the abdomen,
which is buffy white, the iinder tail-coverts whiter ; under wing-
coverts huffy white, the axillaries whiter ; quills dusky brown below,
edged with white along the inner web.

Hab. New Hebrides and Banks's group.

a. S ad. sk. Erromango, New Hebrides. J. MacgiUivray, Esq. [C.].

(Type of species.)
h. 2 ad. sic. Aneiteum, New Hebrides. J. MacgiUivray, Esq. [C.].

c. j ad. sk. Aneiteum. Purchased.

d. cS ad. sk. Vanua Lava, Banks's group, J. Brenchley, Esq. [P. ]•

August 18C5.

9. Myiagra pluto,

Myiagra pluto, Finsch, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 644 ; id. Journ. Mus. Godeffr.
Heft xii. p. 29.

Adult mah. General colour above and below dark slate-colour,
somewhat glossed with steel-grey on the back and breast ; wing-
coverts like back, quills blackish ; upper taU-coverts blacker than
the back, glossed with steel-green ; tail black, glossed with greenish
on the edges of the feathers ; crown of head brighter than the rest of
the upper surface, glossy steel-green ; under surface of quills edged
with ashy brown along the inner webs. Total length G-8 inches,
culmen 0"65, wing 3'2.5, tail 3"05, tarsus 0"75.

Adult female. Similar to the male, but having the chin and throat
dark brown. (FInseh.)

Hab. Island of Ponapc, Seniavin grouj).

a. cJ ad. sk. Ponape Island {Kuhary). Godeflroy Mu.-eum.

10. Myiagra atra.

Myiagi'a ati'a, Mei/er, Sitz. h. Akad. Wien, Ixix. p. 498 ; Sclater, Ibis,
1874, p. 418.

Adult male (Kordo, Misori, Beccari). General colour above and
below blue-black, rather lighter below ; wings and tail black, the

O'S. MYIAGBA. 381

feathers edged -with blue-black like the back ; quills ashy black
below, greyer along the edge of the inner web. Total length o'2
inches, culmen 0-55, wing 2*85, tail 2-4, tarsus O'Go. {Mas.
Genov.)

Adult female (Kordo, Beccarl). Different from the male. General
colour above ashy grey, the head inclining to bluish grey ; wing-
coverts like the back, the greater series and the quills brown, edged
with lighter ashy brown ; tail-feathers brown, margined with ashy
brovra ; lores, sides of face, and ear-coverts dusky grey, darker in
front of and below the eye, the hinder part of the eyelid somewhat
whitish ; cheeks white : under surface of body greyish white,
slightly mottled on the breast with darker suVjterminal marks of
ashy ; abdomen and under tail-coverts pure white ; thighs ashy
brown ; under wing-coverts ashy brown, edged with white, the
axiUaries white, with dusky -brown bases. Total length 5-2 inches,
culmen 0-55, wing 2-6, tail 2-:5, tarsus 0"65. {Mus. Genov.).

Hah. Island of Misori in the Bay of Geelvink.

11. Myiagi-a latirostris.

Myiagra latirostris, Gould, P. Z. S. 1S40, p. 172; Gould, B. Audi:
folio, ii. pi. 92; Reich. J'oi/. Neulwll. p. '2i^, no. 569 ; Bp. Consp. i.
p. -321; Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 176; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i.
p. 2o6; Finsch, Neu-Guittea, p. 170; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 328,
no. 4918 ; Sliarpe, Joiirn. Linn. Svc. xiii. p. 498.

Adult iuale. General colour above leaden grey, darker and more
glossy on the head ; lesser and median coverts like the back ; the
greater coverts, primary-coverts, and quills dusky brown, externally
edged with leaden grej' like back, rather more hoary on the secon-
daries ; tail-feathers dusky brown, externally leaden grey ; sides of
face leaden grey, not so glossy as the crown; eyelid whitish;
feathers in front of and below the eye, lores, and base of forehead
light ashy grey; cheeks, throat, and chest pale orange- rufous ;
remainder of under surface white, tinged with orange on the sides
of the breast ; thighs white, with dusky bases ; under wing-coverts
and axillaries white ; quills ashy browni below, whitish along the
inner webs ; " bill black ; feet black ; iris blackish brown " (Gould).
Total length 6-5 inches, culmen 0-G, wing 2-So, tail 2-75, tarsus
0-7.

Adult female. Different from the male in being much paler every-
where ; the back ashy grey, the head only with greenish gloss ;
wing-coverts like the back : quills brown, with ashy-brown margins ;
tail-feathers blackish, externally ashy grey, the two outer feathers
paler brown, the outennost edged along the outer web with dull
whitish, as wcU as the tip of the inner web ; sides of face light ashy
grey, the feathers in front of the eye and at base of forehead hoary
whitish ; rest of under surface as in the male, but very much paler
orange-rufous on the throat and chest. Total length 6-4 inches,
culmen 0'6, wing 2-9, tail 2-S, tarsus 0-75.

Ohs. Following the identifications of Mr, Gray and Mr. Wallace, I

a.

$ ad. sk.

Port Essingtoii.

I.

5 ad. sk.

Quail-Island MangniTes,
N.W. Australia.

c,

d. S 9 ad. sk.

Aru Islands.

e.

(S ad. sk.

Avu Islands.

382 MVSCICAPID^.

keep the Aru-Islands Mijiagni as identical with the North-Australian
M. latirostrls, but the specimens do not agree very well with
Gould's figure. The Australian examples in the Museum are
females in such worn plumage as to be useless for purposes of com-
parison.

Ilab. Northern Australia, Aru Islands, S.E. New Guinea.

Dr. Sibbald [P.].

J. R. Elsey, Esq. [P.].

A. E. WaUace, Esq. [C.l.
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [O.J.

12. Myiagra rufigula.

Myiagra rufigula, Wallace, P. Z. S. I860, pp. 485, 491 ; Grai/, Hand-l.
B. i. p. 328, no. 4919.

Adult male (tj'pe of species). General colour above leaden grey,
with a greenish gloss ; wing-coverts like the back ; quills dusky
blackish, externally edged with grey ; tail blackish, slightly shaded
with greenish on the edges of the feathers, the outermost one
narrowly edged with white at the tip and also along the outer web ;
sides of face leaden grey, like the head ; eyelid in front white ; a
narrow frontal line and feathers in front of the eye conspicuously
lighter ashy grey ; cheeks, throat, and chest rich orange-chestnut,
extending upon the sides of the breast ; rest of under surface of body
and under tail-coverts pure white, the flanks washed with orange ;
thighs white, with dusky bases ; under wing-coverts and axiUaries
white, faintly washed with orange-buif ; quills ashy brown below,
edged with white along the edge of the inner web. Total length 5-9
inches, culmen 0'6, wing 2-75, tail 2*5, tarsus 0-7.

Adult female. Different from the male ; much lighter grey above,
the head uniform with the back and only slightly glossed with steel-
green ; lesser and median coverts like the back ; greater series dusky
brown, narrowly tipped with white ; quills dusky brown, edged with
ashy ; tail blackish, obsoletely tipped with white, more plainly on the
penultimate feather, the outermost paler brown, edged with white
along the outer web and at the tip of the inner web ; sides of face like
the head, the feathers in front of the eye and at the base of the forehead
hoary grey ; cheeks, throat, and chest deep orange-rufous, paler on
the throat ; rest of under surface white, slightly shaded with orange-
buff on the flanks and on the wing- coverts. Total length 6 inches,
culmen 0-6, wnng 2-6, tail 2-5, tarsus 0'65.

Hah. Timor group of islands.

«. S ad. sk. 8emao Island. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

(Type of species.)
h,c. c5' $ ad. sk. Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C

d, e. (S ad. sk. E. Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C

O'-i. MTIAGRA. 383

13. Myiagra oceanica.

Platyrhynche oc^anien, Hotnbr. et Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud, Atlas, pi. 12 bis,

%s. 1,2.
Myiagra oceanica, Jacq. et Pucker. Voy. Pole Snd, texte, iii. p. 77 ;

Gray, Cat. Birds Trap. Isl. Pacific Ocean, p. 18 ; id. Haml-l. B. i.

p. 328, no. 4929.

Adult female. Blackish on the upper part of the head and neck, as
well as on the back ; the rufous colour of the fore neck and thorax
very nearly obsolete ; abdomen white ; quiUs and upper wing-coverts
like the back ; lower wing-coverts white, spotted with black ;
middle tail-feathers like the wing, but the lateral ones rather of
an earthy brown ; iris buff ; bill and feet greyish brown. Total
length 6-5 inches, bill 0-55, tail 2*45, tarsus 0-8. (Pucheran.)

Hah. Island of Hogoleu, Caroline group.

14. Myiagra erythrops.

Myiagra erythrops, Hartl. S,- Fimch, P. Z. 8. 1868, pp. 6, 11 7, et 1872,
p. 97 ; Finsch, Journ. Mus. Godeffr. Heft viii. p. 20.

Adult male. General colour above light brown, more ashy on the
rump and upper tail-coverts ; wing-coverts like the back ; greater
series and quiUs brown, obscurelj' edged with rufous-brown, the
inner secondaries narrowly margined with ashy whitish ; tail light
ashy brown, with a narrow edging of white to the tips of the three
outermost feathers ; head obscure slaty grey ; forehead and lores
orange-rufous, shading gradually oif on the crown ; ear-coverts
slaty grey ; feathers round the eye, cheeks, and under surface of
body orange-rufous or bay, deeper on the sides of the chest ; lower
abdomen and under tail-coverts whitish ; thighs dusky ; under
wing-coverts whitish, with dusky bases, and slightly washed with
rufous; " bill black" (Tcfois); " bill clear horn-colour, with black
tip" (Kubary); "legs black; iris black" (Tetens). Total length
5-2 inches, culm en 0-6, wing 2'55, tail 2, tarsus 0*8.

Adtdt female. Similar to the male. Total length 5 inches, cul-
men 0-6, wing 2'65, tail 2-05, tarsus 0-8.

Hub. Pelew Islands.

a,b. S ^ sid. sk. Pelew Islands (Kubary). Godeffi-oy Museum.

c, d. Ad. sk. Pelew Islands. Mr. Cohen [C.].

15. Myiapa azureicapilla.

Myiagra azureocapilla, Layard, Ibis, 1875, p. 434, et 187G, pp. 150,

392 ; Rvicley, Oni. Misc. i. pi. xxxv.
Myiagra c»ruleocapilla {lapsu), Sclater ^- Salvia, Ibis, 1877, p. 122.

Adult mcde. General colour above dull slaty blue ; wing-coverts
and quills black, edged with bluish, like the back : tail black, with
greyish edges to the feathers ; head light azure-blue, forming a cap ;

384 MVSCICAPID.E.

a miiTow frouttil Hue, lores, feathers above and below the eye, and
sides of head black, the latter with a slaty gloss ; a broad band of
azure-blue from the angle of the mouth and occupying the ear-
coverts ; cheeks and entire throat deep maroon, paler on the chin,
the feathers of the fore neck slightly tipped with slaty blue ; rest
of under surface white, the sides of the upper breast slaty blue, as
also the under wing-coverts ; axillaries blackish, tipped with white ;
quills blackish below, edged with brown along the inner web ; " bill
orange ; legs brown ; iris brown " (Layard). Total length 6'1
inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3-2, tail 2-9, tarsus 0-8.

Adult female. Different from the male. Above chocolate-brown ;
wings blackish brown, the coverts broadly tipped with rusty ; (juills
edged with rusty browu, the innermost secondaries broadly edged
with rusty ; tail-feathers blackish, the three outer ones tipped with
dull white, increasing in extent towards the outermost ; head brown,
the sides of the crown and nape somewhat shaded with slate-
colour ; feathers in front of the eye and eyelid dull white ; sides of
face below the eye slaty grey, with another broad streak of white
from below the fore part of the eye and occupying the ear-coverts ;
cheeks, throat, and fore neck maroon-brown, paler on the chin ;
rest of under surface white, the sides rufous-brown ; thighs dark
slaty ; sides of upper breast brown ; " upper mandible brown, lower
one orange ; legs brown ; iris brown " (Layard). Total length 5-8
inches, culmen 0*6, wing 3*05, tail 2-75, tarsus 0"85.

Hab. Fiji Islands : Taviuni.

a,b. c? $ ad. sk. Ngila, Taviuni, Fiji, E. L. Layard, Esq. [C.].

Auo'ust 1875.

16. Myiagra castaneigiilaris.

Myiagra castaneigularis, Lat/ard, Ibis, 1870, pp. 389, 392.

Adidt male. General colour above dark bluish grey, the least
wing-coverts like the back ; greater coverts and quiUs blackish,
edged with bluish grey, like the back ; tail blackish, with slight grey
margins to the feathers, which are slightly tipped with white, in-
creasing in extent towards the outer ones, which have very broad
white ends ; crown of head silvery azure, forming a cap ; lores,
feathers above the eye, and sides of crown greyish black, extending
round the back of the nape in a broad though indistinct band ; a
band of feathers from the angle of the mouth and ear- coverts azure-
blue ; cheeks and entire throat deep chestnut ; rest of under surface,
from the fore neck downwards, pure white, the flanks mixed with
dusky grey, and the sides of the breast slaty blue ; under wing-
coverts and axillaries white ; quills dusky brown, lighter brown
along the edge of the inner web. Total length 5 inches, culmen 0-6,
wing 2-95, tail 2-7, tarsus 0-75.

Adult female. Different from the male. Above dark browu, the
least wing-coverts like the back ; median and greater coverts darker
brown externally, edged with the same brown as the back, and

53. MVIAOKA. 385

tipped with reddish ochre ; quills dark brown, externally edged with
brown, like the back ; upper tail-coverts and tail blackish brown,
slightly margined with lighter brown and tipped with white, which
increases in extent towards the outermost ; head and nape dull ashy
black, forming a cap ; lores wliitish ; sides of face ashy blackish,
mottled with rufous spots on the ear-coverts ; cheeks and throat
rufous-chestnut ; rest of under surface white, the sides of body
washed with rufous-ochre ; the sides of the upper breast greyish
brown, washed with chestnut-red ; under wing-coverts and axilla-
ries white, with dusky bases ; quills light dusky brown, edged with
huffy white along the inner webs. Total length 5*2 inches, culmen
0-(), wing 2"8, tail 2-5, tarsus 0*8.
Hah. Viti Levu, Fiji Islands.

a,b. cj 5 ad. sk. Interior of Viti Levu Museum Godeffxoy.

{Kleinschmidt).

17. Myiagra galeata,

Myiagra galeata, Gray, P. Z. S. 1860. p. .352; Wallace, P. Z. S. 1863,
p. 29; Fitisch, Neu-Guinea, p. 170; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 328,
no. 4920 ; Salvad, Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. viii. p. 377.

Adult female (type of species). General colour above slaty blue,
with a strong steel-greenish lustre ; the wing-coverts like the back ;
quills brown, externally slaty grey ; tail slaty blue, more ashy
brown on the inner webs ; crown and nape and sides of face glossy
steel-black ; cheeks and entire under surface of body pure white, in-
cluding the under wing-coverts and axiUaries ; thighs dusky, with
whitish edgings ; quiUs dusky brown below, edged with lighter
brown along the inner web. Total length 5-6 inches, culmen 0-6,
wing 2"6, tail 2-1, tarsus 0'6.

Adult male. Similar to the female. Total length 5-2 inches, wing
2-6, tail 2-1, tarsus 0-6.

Young female. General colour above ashy brown, the head dull
slaty blue ; wing-coverts like the back, the quiUs dark brown, the
secondaries externally edged with whity brown ; tail light brown,
shaded with ashy grey on the centre feathers ; in front of the eye a
triangular patch of dull white ; eyelid huffy white ; sides of face
and ear-coverts slaty grey ; checks and under surface of body pale
orange-rufous, fading into reddish buff on the abdomen and under
tail-coverts ; under wing-coverts huffy whitish. Total length 5 inches,
culmen 0'(5, wing 2*4.5, tail 2-1, tarsus 0-55.

Obs. In this species the sexes of the adults seem to be alike.
Several females, examined by Mr. Wallace in Batchiau and Coram
at different times, are exactly like the adult males.

Ilab. Batchian, Gilolo, Morty Island, Ternatc, Ceram, Bouru.

a. $ ad. sk. Batchian. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

(Type of species.)

b. 2 ad. sk. Batchian. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

c. Ad. sk. Gilolo. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [CJ.

386 ' MUSCICAP1D,E.

d. <S ad. i e. $ juv. sk. Morty Island. A. K. Wallace, J]sq. [C.j.

f,g. cJ 5 ad. sk. N. Cerain. A. E. Wallace, Esq. fc.j.

h, i. Juv. sk. N. Cerain. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.l.

k, I. $ juv. sk. Bouru. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.J.

18. Myiagra goramensis.

Adult male. Similar to M. galeata, but considerably larger, and
having the iiuder mandible yellow, not black. Total length 6 inches,
culraen 0"6, wing 2-9, tail 2-4, tarsus 0-65.

Mab. Island of Goram, Moluccas.
a. (5 ad. sk. Goram. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C].

54. PSEUDOBIAS.

Type.
Pseudobias, Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 498 P. wardi.

Bill of Pseudobias wardi.
Range. Confined to Madagascar.

1. Pseudobias wardi.

Pseudobias wardi, Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 498, pi. 15 ; id. P. Z. S. 1871,

p. 318; Rartl. Vog. Madag. p. 172.
Pseudobiastes wardi, Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 43 (err.).

Adult (type of species). General colour above glossy black, having
a slight shade of green in some lights ; the outermost greater coverts
spotted with white at the tip, the innermost entirely white ; the
secondaries also broadly edged with white, forming a longitudinal
white alar bar ; tail square, black, white at the base of the outer
webs ; throat, sides of the neck, abdomen, under wing- and tail-
coverts silky white ; upper part of the breast glossy black, verging
into greyish black on the flanks ; bill and feet black. Total length
6 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 2-9, tail 2-4, tarsus 0"55.

Hah. Madagascar.

a. Ad. sk. Madagascar {A. Crossley). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

(Type of species.)

55. MKGAIilAS. 387

55. MEGABIAS. r.-^,

Megttbias, J. S,- E. Verr. Rev. et Mug. de Zool. 1865,

p. 348 M. flammulatus.

Myiagroides, Reicheiww, J.f. 0. 1874, p. 102 M. flammulatus.

Bill of Megahkts jlcmimvlatu.^.
Range. Confined to Western Africa.

1. Megabias flammulatus.

Megabiae flammulata, J. ^-. £. Verr. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1855,
p. 348 ; Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 92 ; Shelhy and Buckley, Ibis, 1872,
p. 292.

UegaUashicolor, Elliot, Ibis, 1859, p. 394 ; Jfartl. J.f. 0. 1861, p. 168;
Reicken. J.f. 0. 1875, p. 25.

Smithornis tricolor (lajisu), Gi-ag, Hatid-l. B. i. p. 324, no. 4868.

Myiagroides conspicuus, Reichen. J. f. O. 1874, p. 102.

Adult male. Above glossy greenish black, darker on the head, with
a steel-blue gloss ; wings black, margined with glossy green on the
edges of all the coverts and quills ; rump and upper tail-coverts pure
white, the feathers dusky at base ; longer upper tail-coverts and
tail-feathers black, glossed with green on the edges of the feathers ;
nasal plumes, lores, feathers round the eye, and ear-coverts steel-
black ; cheeks and entire under surface of body pure white ; under
wing-coverts black, edged with greenish; "bill black; feet violet;
iris dark reddish brown" {Reichenoiv) ; "iris red; tarsi and feet
pink" (Shelhy and Biiclhy). Total length 6"1 inches, culmen 0-8,
wing 3-45, tail 2-55, tarsus 0'6.

Adult female (type of species). General colour above bright chest-
nut, the riimp somewhat mottled with subterminal white markings,
the bases of all the feathers dusky ; head and nape ashy brown ;
wing-coverts chestnut, the least series browner ; quills dark brown,
externally edged with chestnut, broader on the secondaries, the
innennost of which are almost entirely of the latter colour, with
dark-brown centres ; tail uniform chestnut ; ear-covei-ts ashy brown,
with distinct white shaft-streaks ; cheeks and under surface of body-
white, mottled all over with dusky-brown edges to the feathers,
producing a striped appearance ; vent and under tail-coverts light
tawny ; thighs whitish, washed with tawny ; under wing-coverts
and axillaries deep chestnut ; lower surface of quills brown, narrowly
edged with rufous along the inner web. Total lengtli 7'2 inches,
culmen 0"7o, wing 3-55, tail 2'6, tarsus 0'65.

Hab. West Africa : Gaboon to the Gold Coast.

388 MCSCICAPID^.

a. [ $ ] atl. sk. Gaboon. M. Verreaux.

(Type of species.)

b. cJ ad. sk. Gaboon. M. Verreaux.

(Type of M.bicolur.)

c. [ 5 ] ad. sk. Fantee {Governor Ussher). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

56. SMITHORNIS. ^

Type.

■Smithoruis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 322 (1850) S. capensis.

Phrynorliampliu?, Kauj>, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 52 S. capensis.

Bill of Sinithonus capensis.
RaiKje. Confined to Africa.

Key to the Species.

a. Larger : sides of upper breast white, ^wath broad

black streaks; wing-coverts black, witli white

tips capensis, p. 388.

b. Smaller : sides of upper breast orange-chestnut ;

upper wing-coverts olive-brown, with sandy

margins ... rujilateralis, p. 389,

1. Smithomis capensis.

PlatyrhjTichus capensis. Smith, III. Zool. S. Afr. pi. 27; Layard, B.

S. Afr. p. 142. _
Smithornis capensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 322 ; Gray, Handr-l. B. i. p. 324,

no. 4866.
Phrynorhamphus capensis, Kaiip, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 52 ; Giirney, Ibis,

1862, p. 30.

Adult female. Crown of head and nape black, the forehead
slightly streaked with white ; upper surface of body generally olive-
brown, streaked with black, the longitudinal centres to the feathers
being black ; in the centre of the back a patch of white caused by
the bases of the feathers being of this colour; wing-coverts olive-
brown, with blackish centres, the feathers broadly edged with sandy
buff; quills brown with sandy edges ; tail brown, with paler tips
and pale-brown edges ; lores pure white, the shafts blackish ; ear-
coverts dark brown, with silvery- white shafts ; throat white, with a
broad moustachial streak of dusky black on each side ; rest of under
surface buffy white, broadly streaked with blackish ; the abdomen
and under tail-coverts pure white ; under wing-coverts and axil-
laries buffy white, the outermost of the greater coverts blackish ;
under surface of the quills greyish brown, the primaries white along

56. SMITHORXIS. 389

their inner webs, the secondaries buff; "upper mandible nearly
black, the under one pale ; tarsi and feet pale ; iris dark umber-
brown " {T. Ayres). Total length o"4 inches, culmen 0-6o, wing 2-9,
tail 2-2, tarsus 0-7.

Ohs. Sir Andrew Smith in his description mentions the male as
having a black head, while the female has a slaty-grey crown with
brown stripes. The specimen described above shows that the adult
female has the head black ; and the grey-headed bird is therefore, in
all probability, immature.

Hah. South-eastern Africa.

a. Ad. sk. Natal.

b. 5 ad. sk. Natal (T. Atjres). J. H. Gurney, Esq. [P.].

2. Smithornis rufllateralis.

Smithoniis rufolateralis, Gray, P. Z. H. 1804, p. 14-3, pi. 16 ; id.
Hand-l. B. i. p. 32o, no. 4867 ; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 43 ; id.
Ibis, 1872, p. 70 ; Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 00.

Aduli. Head and nape, as well as the feathers round the eye and
the ear-coverts, black ; round the hind neck a collar of rich orange-
chestnut ; mantle and scapulars olive-brown, washed slightly with
orange ; centre of the back black, mottled with white, all the feathers
being white with broad black tips; least wing-coverts olive-brown,
like the mantle ; rest of the wing-coverts black, all tipped with
white spots ; quills dark brown ; upper tail-coverts olive-brown ;
tail-feathers blackish, with paler tips ; lores white ; cheeks white,
streaked with black on the hinder part ; throat pure white, the chin
slightly spotted with black, of which there is a distinct moustachial
streak ; rest of under surface of body white, streaked with black, the
abdomen and under tail-coverts unspotted ; on each side of the upper
breast a broad crescentic mark of bright orange-chestnut ; under
wing-coverts and axillaries white, the outermost of the greater series
black, forming a spot ; lower surface of quills dark brown, the pri-
maries white towards their bases ; bill black, the under mandible
yellow. Total length 4-5 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 2-35, tail 1-75,
tarsus 0"55.

Two specimens want the black head, which is olive-brown like
the back, with dark brown stripes : on the back the black margins
are less broad, and the white shows more plainly. These are pro-
bably young birds.

Hah. Confined to the Gold Coa.st, West Africa.

a. Ad. sk. Gold Coast. John Gould, Esq.

(Type of species.)
h. Ad. sk. Gold Coast. .John Gould, Esq.

c. Ad. sk. Fantee (^Governor Ussher). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

d. Ad. sk. Denkera. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
e,f. Juv. sk. Fantee (^Governor Ussher). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

390 MTJSCICAPID-E,

57. MACH-ffiRORHTNCHUS.

Type.

Macliajrirhyncbus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 277 M. ilaviventer.

Macheirhynchus, ScM. N. T. D. iv. p. 43.
Macheirhamplius, Schl. torn. cit. p. 58 {lapsu, nee Westenn.).

Cf. Salvad. AttiR.Accad. Torino, x. p. 369 (1875).

Bill of Machyprorhi/nchusjiaviventer.
Range. Northern Australia, New Guinea and adjacent islands.

Key to the Species.

a. With no patch of black on the hreast, which is
entirely yellow ; chin white.
a'. Ear-coverts black ; forehead and eyebrow yel-

Iq-sv Jlaviventer, p. .890.

b'. Ear-coverts yellow.

a". Forehead and eyebrow yellow xanthogenys, p. 391.

6". Forehead and eyebrow white albifrons, p. 392.

6. With a large black patch on the breast ; chin

yellow, like the throat nigripectus, p. 392.

1. Machaerorhynchus flaviventer.

Machffirirhynchus flaviventer, Gould, R Z. S. 1850, p. 277, pi. 33
id. B. Austr. Suppl. p. 21, pi. 11 ; id. Ilandb. B. Austr. i. p. 257
Ramsay, P. Z. 8. 1868, p. 384 ; Sundev. Av. Meth. Tent. p. 24
Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. A\S. W. ii. p. 182.

Machffirirhynchus iiaviventris, Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 192 ; Finsch,
Neu-Guinea, p. 168.

Myiagra flaviventer. Gray, Hand-l. 5. i. p. 329, no. 4937.

Macheirhynchus flaviventer, Schl. N. T. D. iv. p. 43.

Machferoi-hvnchus flaviventer, Salvad. Atti R. Accad. Torino, x.
p. 373.

Adult. General colour above olive-green, yellow on the rump ;
upper tail-coverts and tail black, the centre feathers obsoletely,
the rest more broadly tipped with white, increasing in extent on
the outer ones, which are also white along the outer web ; wings
black, the median and greater series of coverts broadly tipped with
white, the primary -quiUs narrowly edged with white, the secondaries
with yellow, the inner ones more broadly again with white ; forehead
and a broad eyebrow, including the upper edge of the eyelid, bright
yellow ; feathers in front of and below the eye, including the lower
edge of the eyelid, black ; chin, fore part of cheeks, and upper part
of throat white ; hinder part of cheeks and entire under surface of
body bright yellow, the flanks slightly greener : thighs black ; under

57. MACH^ROEHYNCUrS. 301

wing-coverts white, with a patch of black near the outer edge of the
greater series ; quills blackish, white along the inner margin ; bill
black ; feet blackish blue. Total length 4'G inches, culmen 0-6,
wing 2-25, tail 2, tarsus O-oo.

Young. General colour above dull yellowish green, the head rather
more ding}- ; wings lirown, with white tips to the median and greater
wing-coverts ; quills edged with yellowish, the secondaries with
white ; tail-feathers black, edged with olive-jellow, and minutely
tipped with white, increasing in extent towards the outermost as in
the adult ; feathers in front of eye and car-coverts dull brown ; lores
and eyebrow, as well as the forehead, dull golden yellow ; cheeks
and throat white ; rest of under surface white, washed with yellow,
and deepening into bright j^ellow on the vent and under tail-coverts,
the chest mottled with circular markings of greenish ashy ; under
wing-coverts and inner margins of quills white.

Ilab. North Australia.

a. Ad. St. N.E. Australia. J. Gould, Esq.

(Type of species.)

b. Ad. ;e. Juv.sk. Cape York. Mr.'Cockerell [C.j.
d. Ad. sk. Cape York. Mr. Cockerell [C.].

2. Machaerorhynchus xanthogenys.

Machperirhvnchus xautliogeuys, Gray, P. Z. S. 18-T8, pp. 17G, 192;

id. Cat. B. New Guinea, pp. 27, 57 ; id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 434 ;

Finsch, Neu- Guinea, p. 168.
Myiagra xanthogenys, i?osc»(6. j; /". O. 1804, p. 119; Gray, Hand-l.

'B. i. p. 829, no. 4938.
Macheirhynchus xanthogenys, Schl. A'. T. D. iv. p. 4.3.
Machajrorhynchus xanthogenys, Stdvad. Atti It. Accad. Torino, x.

p. 376.

Adult male (type of species). General colour above black, with
slight remains of yellowish or olive on the sides of the rump and
mantle ; wings black, the median and greater coverts broadly tipped
with white, the quills narrowly edged with white, the secondaries
with ycUow, the innermost more broadly margined with white ; tail-
feathers l)lack, minutely tipped with white, increasing in extent
towards the outermost, which are also white along the outer edge ;
forehead, eyebrow, sides of face, sides of neck, and under surface of
body bright yellow ; chin and \ipper throat white ; sides of body
slightly washed with greenish ; thighs white ; under wing-coverts
white, with a black spot near the outer edge of the greater series ;
quills blackish below, edged with white on the inner webs. Total
length 5-2 inches, culmen 0"6, wing 2-35, tail 1*95, tarsus O'o.

Young female. Olive-yellow above, the head darker ; wings brown,
the coverts and quills margined with yellow or yellowish white ;
tail-feathers brown, edged with yeUow, the outermost edged and
tipped with wliito ; forehead, eyebrow, and sides of face dingj"- yel-
low, the upper edge of the ear-coverts darker ; cheeks and throat
white ; rest of under surface yellow, the breast and sides greenish ;

392 MTTSCICAPID.T!:.

the chest varied with dusky-greyish cross lines ; uiuler wing-coverts
white, as also the inner edges to the quills. Total Icng-th -i'Oo inches,
wing 2-25, tail l-So, tarsus 0-0. (J/«^<!. Civic. Genov.)
Bah. Anx Islands.

a. S ad. sk. Aru Islands. A. R. Widlace, Esq. [C.].

(T^-jie of species.)

b. ^ ad. sk. Aru Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.].

3. Machserorhjmchus albifrons.

Machaerirhynchus albifrons, Grai/, P. Z. S. 181)1, pp. 429, 434,
pi. 43. fig. 1 ; Finsch, Neu-Guin^a, p. 1(58 ; Gould, B. New Guinea,
part iv.

Myiagra albifrons. Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 329, no. 4939.

Maclieirhyuchus albifrons, ScJd. N. T. D. iv. p. 43.

Macbferorhyuchus albifrons, Salvad. Atti R. Accad. Torino, x. p. 377.

Adult male (type of species). General colour above glossy black,
the hind neck and lower back slightly washed with yellow, brighter
on the rump ; a narrow frontal line, feathers round the eye, an eye-
brow, and upper edge of eyelid white : feathers in front of the eye
and lower edge of eyelid black ; anterior part of cheeks, chin, and
upper throat white : remainder of cheeks, ear-coverts, sides of neck
and breast bright yellow, whiter in the centre of the abdomen ;
thighs, axillaries, and under wing-coverts white ; wings black, the
greater and median coverts broadly tipped with pure white ; ciuills
also narrowly edged with white or yellowish, the inner secondaries
more broadh' ; upper tail-coverts and tail-feathers black, tipped \\ith
white, increasing in extent towards the outermost, which is white
also along the outer edge ; bill and legs blackish. Total length 4-8
inches, culmen 0*6, wing 2-35, tail 1-95, tarsus 0"55.

Young. Olive-yellow above, the head dingier and more ashy ;
wings brown, the feathers edged with yellow instead of white ; tail-
feathers brown, edged with yellow, the outer feathers tipped with
white, the outennost edged with white on the outer web, but not to
the same extent as in the old bird ; lores and ej'ebrow dull whity
brown ; ear-coverts brighter yellow, more dingy on their upper
edge ; cheeks and entire throat dull white ; rest of under surface of
body yellow, washed with green on the flanks ; the breast mottled
with narrow cross lines of ashy grey.

Hah. Mysol, AYaigiou, K^orth-westem N"ew Giiinea.

a. c? ad. sk. Wai^ou. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

(T^iie of species.)
b,c. Ad.; d. Juv. sk. Mysol. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

e. Juv. sk. New Guinea. Purchased.

4. Machserorhynchus nigripectus.

Macheirhrachus nigripectus, ScJd. N. T. D. iv. p. 43.
Macbeirhamphus nigripectu.«, Held. t. c. p. 58.

Machferorbyncbus nigripectus, Salvad. Atti R. Accad. Torino, x.
p. 378 ; id. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 768, x. p. 13G.

.IS. CRTriOLOPHA. 393

Machferiihj-nchus Diunipectus. Rowley, P. Z. S. l.':<75, p. 414; Gould,
B. Neio Guinea, part iv. ; Ruicley in Orn. Misc. ii. p. 5-5, pi. -5, iii.
p. 1 19, pi. 97.

Adult male. General colour above black, as also the wings ; the
median and greater coverts broadly tipped with white, the primaries
very narrowly edged with an obsolete margin of whitish, the inner
secondaries broadly edged with white ; tail-feathers black, all but,
the centre ones minutely tipped with white, increasing in extent
towards the outermost, which is also white along its outer web ;
forehead hoary grey, slightly tinged with yellow ; feathers in front
of eye black : eyebrow, sides of face, and entire under surface of
body bright golden yellow ; fore neck and chest black, forming a
large patch ; thighs black ; under wing-coverts white, excepting
those near the edge of the wing, which are black ; quiUs blackish
below, edged with white along the inner web ; " biU, feet, and iris
black " {B'AIbertis). Total length 4-S5 inches, culraen 0-55, wing
2-2, tail 2*2, tarsus 0-65. (Miis. Civic. Genov.)

Aihdt female. Difters from the male in being dark grey washed
with olive-green above, instead of being black ; upper tail-coverts
and tail black, the latter marked with white, as in the male : wings
also as in the male, but not so black ; remainder of plumage as in
the male, but not so bright yellow, the black breast-patch not so
large, and the upper margin of the ear-coverts blackish, the flanks
slightly washed with green. Total length 4-9 inches, wing 2"35,
tail 2-2, tarsus 0-7. (Mus. Civic. Genov.)

Youmj. EeseTubling the old female, but being much paler yellow
and having the breast-spot broken up into black mottling, the
feathers being yellow tipped with black, or black with a subterminal
bar of yellow.

Hah. North-western New Guinea.

«.$ juv.sk. More, Arfak Mountains, M. Laglaize [C.].

Dec. 18, 1875.
b,c. d 2 ad- ^^- Arfak Mountains. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.].

58. CRYPTOLOPHA.

Cryptolopha, Swains. An. in Menag. ii. p. 259 (1837) C. burkii.

Culicipeta, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 968 (1843) .... C. bm-kii.
Abrornis, Hodgs. in Grays Zool. Misc. p. 82 (1844,

pt. ) Typo nullo.

Pyeuosphrys, Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1849. p. 124 C' grammiceps.

Tickellia, Jerd. S( Blyth. P. Z. S. 1801, p. 199 ('. hodgsoni.

Pindalus, Hartl. Ibis, 1862, p. 152 C. ruiicapilla.

Ramje. Southern and North-eastern Africa, ranging through
India and the Burmese countries to Southern China, and thence
through the Malayan peninsula to Java and Borneo.

2d

394 MTJSCICAPID.1;.

Key to the Species.

a. Riuup uniform with the lower back, not white
or vellow, in strong contrast with the latter.
«'. Throat yellow, like the rest of the under
surface.
a". Head with a double band of black along
each side of the crowu.
rt'". Head yellowish or green in the centre
of the crown, with a broad lateral
stripe on each side extending to the
nape.
u*. Belly bright yellow.

It'". Two outer" tail-feathers white for
the gTeater part of the inner web ;
greater wing-coverts tipped with
yellow, forming a bar across the
wing ; flanks yellow, like the

breast biirkii, p. 095.

h°. Tail uniform, or with no more than
a tiny white spot at the tip of the
inner web of the penultimate
feather; no yellow wing-bar;
flanks greener than the yellow

breast .' trivirgata, p. 39G.

h*. Belly greyish white cantatrix, p. 307.

h'". Head' grey in the centre of the crown,
with a broad black band along each
side of the latter, extending to the

sides of the nape affinis, p. 398.

b". Head imiform, with no pronounced dark
lateral bars on the crown ; outer tail-
feathers white on inner web ; under
surface entirely yellow ; a broad white

eyebrow xanthoschista, p. 398.

h'. Throat yellow, contrasting with the breast
and abdomen, which are white ; a bright
yellow eyebrow,
c"." Head grev ; ear-coverts grey ; inner web

of outer tail-feathers white schisticeps, p. 400.

d". Head rufous-brown ; ear-coverts yellow ;
outer tail-feathers uniform, not white on

the inner web riificapilJa, p. 400.

c'. Throat rufous-brown, like the rest of the
under surface ; upper surface a little duller

brown umhrivirens, p. 401 .

iT. Throat white or greyish white, contrasting
with the breast, which is bright yellow,
e". No white on the inner web of the tail-
feathers ; no yellow bar across the wing,
c'". Head and ear-coverts light brown,
shading off gradually into the olive-
brown of the back ; back dull olive-
brown svperciliaris, p. 402,

(/'". Head and ear-coverts darker ash-
colour, contrasting with the back,
which is vellowish olive schwaneri, p. 403.

oS. CRYPTOLOPHA. 395

/". Outer tail-feathers white along the inner

webs; head and hind neck ashy grey, as

also the sides of the face ; a yellow bar

across the wing, formed by the tips of

the greater wing-coverts jyoliogemjs, p. 403.

b. Rump white or yellow, contrasting strongly

with the rest of the upper surface; crown

chestnut.

e'. \\'ith a double yellow wing-bar, formed of

the tips to the median and greater coverts.

g". Sides of body yellow ; rump yellow ;

outer taU-feathers white on their inner

webs castaneiceps, p. 404.

Ji". Sides of body white, Uke the rest of the

under surface ; rump white ; no white on

outer tail-feathers grammiceps, p. 404.

f. With no yellow wing-bar.

i". Throat white, the lower part with a black

spot; chest yellow, rest of under surface ■ ,i- , • .„^

white ; no white on tail oJhgtdarts, p. 405.

k\ Throat and chest grey ; rest of under sur- IMW^ct^^, P- 406.

face yellow ; outer tail-feathers with

white inner webs hodgsoni, p. 406.

1. Cryptolopha burMi.

Sylvia burkii. Burton, P. Z. S. 1835, p. 1.53 ; Gray, Hand-l B. i.

p. 218, no. 3098.
Crvptolopha auricapilla, Stcnins. An. in Menag. p. 343 ; id. Classif. B.

ii. p. 200.
Acanthiza ? arrogans, Sundev. Phys. Sellsk. Lund, i. p. 62 ; id. in Ann.

K H. xviii. p. 252.
Muscicapa bilineata, Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 104.
Culicipeta bm-kii, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 968 ; Cat. B. Mm. A. S.

B. p. 341 ; Gray, Cat. Mamm. ^-c. Nepal Coll. Hodqs. p. 67 ; Bp.

Consp. i. p. 342 ; Ilorsf. ^- 3foore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 341 ;

Jerd. B. Ltd. ii. p. 199; Blyth %■ Wald. B. Burm. p. 107.
Neornis strigiceps, Hodgs. Leon, ined., Passeres, pi. 57. fig. 1 {Hodgs.

no. 382*); id. in Gray's Zool. Mise. p. 82.
Rhipidura auricapilla. Gray, Gen. B. i, p. 259, et iii. Ajjp. p. 12.
Rhipidura aiTogans, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 259.

Adult. Above olive-green, with a yellowish tinge, becoming
brighter on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; wing-coverts exactly
like the back, the greater series tipped with yellow, forming an
indistinct bar across the wing ; the quills ashy brown, with margins
of yellowish green, less distinct on the secondaries ; tail-feathers
ashy brown, margined with yellowish green, the two outer pairs on
each side for the most part white, ashy brown at the base of the
inner web and along the outer web for its entire extent ; centre of

* This figure represents a Cryplolopha with a grey crowu, which would appear
to be C. (iffinis, were it not for the yellow eyebrow, which cau only be intended
Tor C. burkii. It looks as if the slight grey shade, sometimes present on the
latter's head, had been exaggerated.

2n2

396 MrsciOAPTP.T;.

crown yellowish green, on each side of whicli is a very broad band
of black, slightly shaded with grey on the inner margin ; round the
eve a circlet of bright ycUow feathers ; lores, eyebrow, and sides of
face olive-yellow ; cheeks and entire under surface of body liright
yellow, including the under wing-coverts and the edge of the wing ;
inner lining of quills ashy brown, the inner web white along the
edge from the base for nearly the entire length ; bill dusky above,
beneath amber ; legs brownish yellow : iris dark. Total length 4
inches, culmen 0-5, wing 2-2, tail 1 -85, tarsus 0-7.

Females or young birds have the colours duller, the upper surface
being dusky greenish, as also the crown, the lateral black streaks
being dusky blackish and v*y indistinct ; under surface greenisli
yeUow.

Hah. India.

a, b. Ad. sk. India. Purchased.

c, d. Ad. sk. Between Simla and Capt.Stackbou8erinwal][P.l.

Mussoori.

e-h. Ad. ; i. Juv. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

k, I. Ad. sk. Behar. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

m. Ad. sk. Darjiling. J. Fotheringham, Esq. [C.1.

n. Ad. .sk. Bootan. Secretarv of State for India

[P.]. ^

2. Cryptolopha trivirgata.

Syhda trivirgata, " Temm." Verreaux MS., undi

Phylloseopus trivirgatus, Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1849, p. 123, pi. 34.

fig. 2.
Sylvia trivirgata, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 217, no. 3087.
Culicipeta trivirgata, Seehohm, Ibis, 1876, p. 490.

Adult. General colour above yellowish green, rather brighter on
the crown of the head, which has a broad black band running from
the base of the forehead on each side to the sides of the nape ; a
distinct line of bright yellow from the base of the bill running above
the eye, and forming a conspicuous eyebrow ; in front of and behind
the eye a blackish spot ; sides of face j-ellow, with a dingy shade
along the upper edge of the ear-coverts ; entire under surface of
body bright yellow, the sides of the body and flanks greenish yellow ;
under wing-coverts yellow ; axillaries white, washed with yeUow ;
wing-coverts above like the back, the greater series a little brighter
yellow ; quills dusky brown, with bright yellow edges ; centre tail-
feathers duU olive, the rest of the rcctrices dusky brown, externally
olive yellowish, the outer ones narrowly edged with white along the
inner web ; quills dusky brown below, white along the edge of the
inner webs, shading off into yellow towards the tips. Total length
4-3 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 2'15, tail 1-6, tarsus 0-8.

Bab. Java.

a. 2 ad. sk. W. Java. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

b. Ad. sk. W. Java. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

58. CRTPTOLOPHA. 397

3. Cryptolopha cantatrix.

Motacilla cantator, Tickell, J. A. S. B. ii. p. 57(5.

Culicipeta Ciuitatur, BIyth, J. A. 6'. B. xvi. p. 440 ; Jerd. B. Ind. ii.

p. 1^00 ; Stebohm, Ibis, 1878, p. 490.
Khipidura cautator, Gray, Gen. B. App. iii. p. 12.
Abniruis cautator, Blyih, Cat. B. Mm. A. 8. B. p. 183 ; IL>rsf. ^■

Moore, Cat. B. Mks. E.l. Co. i. p. 3;j8.
Sylvia cautator, Gray, Hand-/. B i. p. 217, no. 3080.
Abrornis (Culicipeta) cantator. Ball, *?/•. /'. 1874, p. 415.
Abrornis chrvsea, Walden in Blyth'uB. Biirm. p. 106* ; Hume, Str.

F. 1877, p.*5(i.

Adult. General colour above olive-greenish, a little more yellow
on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; wing-coverts a Little more
yellow than the back, the greater coverts edged and tipped with
yellow, forming a bar across the wing ; (juills dusky l>rowu, exter-
nally edged with bright yellow, inclining to greyish at the end of the
primaries : tail-feathers light brown, externally edged with olive-
yellow, the outer feathers edged with white towards the tip of the
inner web ; crown of head olive-yellow, with a broad lateral streak
of black extending from the base of the bill to the sides of the nape ;
over the eye a distinct line of yellow, brighter than the crown and
skirting the black coronet-stripe ; feathers round the eye bright
yellow ; in front of the eye a dusky spot ; sides of face bright
yellow, shaded with dusky olive along the upper margin of the ear-
coverts ; cheeks, throat, and breast yellow, paler on the latter ; rest
of tlie under surface greyish white, clearer on the centre of the
abdomen ; thighs and under tail-coverts yellow ; under wing-coverts
yellow, as also the edge of the wings ; axillaries white, washed with
yellow ; bill brown, the lower mandible yellowish white in skin :
legs brown. Total length 3'7 inches, culmcn O-i'), wing '2-25, tail 1'7,
tarsus 0"(i5.

Hab. Xepal, Central India, Bengal, Assam.

rt. Ad. sk. Assam. Secretary of State for India [P.].

* Cryptolopua fulvive.vtek.

Ri'guloides fulvivent«r, Godwin-Aiisten, J. A. S. B. 1874, p. 167 {nee
Hodgs.).

Above: centre of head light yellow-green, bounded on either side by broad
dusky bands ; nape pale greenish ash. Pure ash on b;ick ; upper tail-coverts
grass-green, as well. as the two centre tail-feathers and outer edge of all the
others ; the two out<>rmost, as viewed from below, have a narrow pale-yellow
edging on the outer web. Shoulder of wing ash-grey ; coverts asll-bro^vn, with
a narrow white bar. Quills dusky brown, the secondaries well marked with
grass-green. A pale yellow superciliuin. Ear-coverts p/ile : chin very pale
yellow ; throat, breast, and abdomen pale pearly white ; under tail-coverts bright
yellow ; bill above dark dark brown, below orange ; legs and feet grey. Length
about 3"'75, wing 2", tail r'-4, tarsus 0"'70, bill from front 0"'4. {Godwin-
Austen.)

Hab. Low country of the Dunsiri, Assam.

Lord Tweeddale, in the ' Birds of Burma,' suggests th.it this species, which is
founded on a single carbolized specimen, may be the same as his Abrornis
ckrysca, but that the colours have undergone some change from the carbolization
of the skin. This seems to be extremely probable.

398 MUSCICAPID^.

4. Cryptolopha afflnis.

Abrornis affinis, " Hoch/s.'' (nee Phyllopneuste affinis, Hodgs.), Horsf.

8f Moore, Cat. B. Mas. E.I. Co. i. p. 341 ; Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 204 ;

Gmii, Cut. Hodgs. Coll. Nepal, 1863, p. 33.
Sylvia' affiuis, Grag, Haiid-l. B. i. p. 217, no. 3084.
Culicipeta tepLrocephala. Anders. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 213 ; Blgth ^•

Wald. B. Btirm. p. 107; Hume, Str. F. 1874, p. 479; Hume ^•

Davison, Str. F. 1878, p. 358 ; Seehohm, Ibis, 1878, p. 490.
Culicipeta burkii, David, N. Arch. Mas. vii. Bull. p. 5 {nee Burton).
Cryptolopha tephrocephala, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 358 ; David &f

Oustalet, Ois. Chine, p. 272.
? Abrornis affinis, Pi-jev. in Bowleg's Orn. 3Iisc. ii. p. 172 ; David Sf-

Oustalet, Ois. Chine, p. 273.

Adult (type of G. tephrocephala). Upper surface dull yellowish
green, the rump and upper tail-coverts brighter yellow ; head and
nape ashy grey, with a blackish streak along each side of the crown ;
frontal plumes, as well as those above the eye, yellowish, a circlet
of feathers round the latter bright yellow ; ear-coverts and sides of
neck dull yellowish green, like the back ; entire under surface of
body bright yellow, including the under wing- and tail-coverts and
thighs, the sides of the body inclining to greenish ; wings and tail
sepia-brown, externally washed with the same yellowish green as
the back, the wing-coverts being uniform with the latter ; the outer-
most tail-feathers white for the whole extent of the inner web ;
" upper mandible black, the lower one yellow ; feet and claws yel-
lowish grey ; iris brownish red " {David) ; " irides dark brown ; eye-
lids plumbeous ; upper mandible dark horny brown, the edges pale
reddish yellow ; inside of mouth reddish fleshy ; legs fuscous yeUow ;
claws pinkish homy" {Gates). Total length 3'6 inches, culmen 0'5,
wing 2-1, tail 1-8, tarsus 0'7. {Mas. Gale.)

Hah. Eastern Himalayas, extending into the Burmese countries
and Western China.

a. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

h. Ad. sk. Lower Pegu, Nov. 20, 1877. E. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].
{E. Gates).

5. Cryptolopha xanthoschista.

Phyllopneuste xantboschistos, Hodgs. Icon, med., Passeres, pi. 56

(Hodgs. no. 380) ; id. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 82 ; Gray, Cat.

Mamm. Sfc. Nepal Coll. Hodgs. A^ip. p. 151 (descr. orig.).
Phylloscopus schisticeps (nee Gray), Blgth, J. A. S.B. xiv. p. 592.
Culicipeta schisticeps, Blgth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 441 (nee Grag).
Abrornis xantboschistus, Horsf. Sf Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i.

p. .339; Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p." 202; Gray, Cat. Mamm. i^-c. Hodgs.

1863, p. 32; Blgth ^ Wald. B. Burnt, p. 106; Hmne, Lahore to

Yark. pi. 20. fig. 2 ; id. Str. F. 1873, p. 494.
Abrornis, sp., Adams, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 182.
Abrornis albosuperciliaris, " Bli/th,'' Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 202 ; Hume Sf

Ilenders. Lahore to Yark. pl.20. fig. 1 ; Hume, Str. F. 1873, p. 493;

Brooks, Str. F. 1875, p. 245.

5S. CRIPTOLOPHA. 399

Sylvia xantlioschistus, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 217, no, 3075.
Sylvia albosuperciliaris, Gray, t. c. p. 217, no. 3089.
Abrornis jerdoni, Brooks, Str. F. 1871, p. 248 ; id. 8tr. F. 1875,
p. 245 ; Hume, t. c. p. 245, note.

Adult. Crown of head and hind neck ashy gre}', rather darker
ashy on the sides of the crown ; mantle and upper back also ashy
grey, with a slight wash of yellow, the lower back, rump, and upper
tail-coverts olive-yellow, with a white subterminal shade on the
rump-feathers ; wiug-coverts olive-yellowish, like the lower back ;
greater coverts and quills dusky brown, externally olive-yellowish,
vthe primaries margined with brighter yellow ; tail-feathers ashy
brown, edged narrowly with olive-yellow on the outer web and with
white on the inner web, increasing in extent towards the two outer-
most, which are almost entirely white, excepting near the base and
towards the end of the outer web ; over the eye a long white streak
from the base of the nostrils to the sides of the nape ; round the
eye a ring of white feathers, dusky in front and behind, where it
adjoins the dusky spot in front of the eye and the upper margin of
the ear-coverts ; feathers below the eye and ear-coverts ashy
whitish, browner along the upper edge of the latter ; cheeks and
entire under surface of body bright yellow, the flank-feathers long
and silky, with a subterminal shade of white ; under wing-coverts
yellow, as well as the edge of the wing ; axillaries white, slightly
washed with yellow ; quills ashy brown below, white along the edge
of the inner web ; biU horn-brown in skin, lower mandible yel-
lowish. Total length 3-8 inches, culmen 0-4, wing 2-1, tail 1-7,
tarsus O'To.

Ohs. The specimens of this bird from the Xorth-westeru Hima-
layas are generally rather more ashy brown on the head, and are
rather larger ; in this state they are Gryptolopha albosujyerciltaris
of Indian authors. These birds can, however, be matched by some
Nepalese examples. In the Eastern Himalayas the specimens have
the head rather clearer blue-grey, and are smaller in dimensions
{Gryptolopha xanthoschista, Hodgs., and C. jerdoni. Brooks).

Hah. Himalaya Mountains.

a,b. Ad.sk. India. Secretary of State for India.

c. 2 ad. sk. Jjijnor, near Ilurdwar, Nov. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

11, 1872 (Capt. G.F. L.
Marshall).

d. <S ad. sk. Nvuee Tal, June 30 (6*. F. K. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.l.

Z.3/.).
e-i. Ad. sk. N.W. Himalayas. Capt. Stackliouse Pinwill

[P.l.
k-o. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. \V.\

p. Ad. sk. Bootan. Secretary of State for India

[P.]. '
q. Ad. sk. Nazeerali.Upper Assam (/>/•. K. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

lieid).

^

400 jnuscicAriDJ^.

6. Cryptolopha schisticeps.

p. 201 ; Omit, Cat. Hodgs. Coll. 1863, p. 32; Seebohm, Ibis, 1878,

p. 490.
Kegulus schisticeps, Grai/, Gen. B. i. p. 175.
Culipeta schisticeps, Gray, Cat. Mumm. i^c. Nepal Coll. Hodgs.

p. 153 (descr. ofti/.).
Abroinis melano^s', Jerd. ^- Bli/tb, P. Z. S. 18G1, p. 200.
Sylvia schisticeps, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 217, no. 3076.

Adult. General colour above dull olive-yellow, rather lighter on
the rump and upper tail-coverts, the rump-feathers subtcrmiually
white ; wing-coverts like the back ; quills dusky blackish, the pri-
maries narrowly edged with brighter yellow, the secondaries more
broadly washed with the latter colour ; tail-feathers dusky brown,
with olive-yellow edges, whitish on the edge of the inner web,
increasing in extent towards the outermost feathers, which have
the inner web entirely white ; head and hind neck dark slaty
grey, slightly washed with olive-yellow on the latter ; forehead
and a very broad eyebrow brilliant yellow ; a narrow frontal line,
lores, feathers in front of and below the eye black ; ear-coverts
and sides of neck slaty grey ; cheeks and throat brilliant yellow ;
fore neck and chest rather paler yellow, the sides of the breast
dull greenish : lower breast and abdomen white, the flank-feathers
long and silky, white tipped with yellow ; thighs and under tail-
coverts yellow ; under wing-coverts and edge of wing bright yellow ;
axillaries white, washed with yellow ; quills ashy brown below,
whitish along the edge of the inner web ; " bill and feet horny "
{Jerdon). Total length 3-5 inches, culraen 0"35, wing 1'75, tail
1-55, tarsus Q-G.

Young. Similar to the adult, but with the head dusky greenish,
a little darker than the back, and the yellow eyebrow and throat
not so bright.

JIab. Himalaya Mountains.

a. Ad. st.

Nepal.

B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

rp.i.

b-f. Ad. sk.

Nepal.

B. II. Hodgson, Esq.

"P-I-

ff, h. Juv. sk.

Nepal.

B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

"p.].

7. Cryptolopha ruficapilla.* (Plate XII. fig. 1.)

Pogonocichla ruhcapilla; Sundev. K. Vet.-Akad. Fork. Stockh. 1850,

p. 105.
Culicipeta ruficapilla, Crrill, Zool. Anteckn. p. 27.
Pindalus ruficapillus, Hartl. Ibis, 1862, p. 152, pi. 5 ; Gurney, t. c.

p. 152; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 35; Barratt, Ibis, 1876, p. 202;

Gurney, t. c. p. 429 ; SeeboMn, Ibis, 1878, p. 490.

* Lellcrcd on the Plate, by mistake, Cidicipeta ruficapilla.

58. t'UlPiOLOPHA. 401

Muscicapa nificapillus. Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 149.
Sylvia ruficapilla, Gray, Iland-l. B. i. p. 21.S, uo. 3099.

Adtdt mule. General colour above dull yellowish olive, the wing-
coverts like the back ; quills dusky brown, externally edged M'ith
yellowish olive, the margins to the primaries brighter yellow, the
outermost quills margined with greyish white ; lower back and
rump grey, somewhat washed with olive ; upper tail-coverts yel-
lowish olive ; tail-feathers light ashy brown, with yellowish edges
to the feathers ; head rufous, extending upon the nape, and gra-
dually lading off on the hind neck and mantle into the yellowish
olive of the back ; over the eye a broad streak of bright yellow ; in
front of the eye a blackish spot ; eye-ring and sides of face bright
yellow, Avith a slight gi'ecnish shade on the ear-coverts and a small
rufous shade on the upper edge of the latter : cheeks, throat, and
breast bright yellow, the sides of the latter greenish ; centre of the
body paler yellow, inclining to whitish on the lower abdomen ;
tliighs and under tail-coverts yellow ; sides of body and flanks
greyish ; under wing-coverts, axillaries, and edge of wing yellow ;
quills ashy brown below, white along the edge of the inner web ;
" upper mandible dusky, lower one chrome-yellow ; tarsi and feet
dusky i)ale ; iris dusky" {T. L. Ay res). Total length 4 inches, cul-
men 0-45, wing 2-1, tail 1-0, tarsus 0-S.

Adult fem(de. Similar to the male, but having the mantle browner,
and the lower back and rump clearer grey. Total length 4 inches,
culmeu 0-45, wing 2, tail 1'65, tarsus 0"75.

Hah. South Africa.

a. Ad. sk. South Africa. Sir A. Smith [C.].

h. (S ad. sk. Knysna. C. J. Andersson, Esq. [C.].

c. S ad. sk. Knvsna, Dec. 31, 18()5 (C. J. K. B. Sharpe, Esq.

Andeisson).

J. cJ ad. sk. Port Natal, Julv 16, 1841 R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

( Prof. Wahlber'f/).

,f. Ad.sk. Lvdenhurg. * F. A. Barratt, Esq. [CI.

; $ ad. sk M'acamac, June 30, 1874 (T. 3. H. Gurney, Esq. [P.].
L. Ayres).

8. Cryptolopha umbrivirens.* (Plate XII. fig. 2.)

Sylvia (Fieedula) umbrovirons, Riipp. Neue Wirh. Vng. p. 112.t
Fict'dula uuibrovireus, Riipp. Syst. Uebers. p. 57; Brehm, Bcis.

Ilahesch. p. 212.
Svlvia umbrovirons, dray, Gen. B. i. p. 174; id. Iland-l. B. i.

■p. 215, no. 3040.
Phyllopneuste umbrovirens, Bp. Consp. i. p. 290 ; Fiii.'fch, Tr. Z. S.
vii. p. 232.

* Lettered on the Plate, by mistake, Culicipeta umbrivirens.

t The bird identified by Casisiu as this .speeies from the Camma River,
Gaboon (Pr. Philad. Acad. 18.")9. p. 40; Hartlaub, J. 1'. O. IBfil, p. 110), is
doubtless one of the European Vhyfloxapi shot during its winter journey.

402 MUSCICAPID^.

Phvlloscopus imibrovirens, Blanf. Geol. <§- Zvol. Abyss, p. 378.
Phyllopseuste umbrovirens, Hcvgl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 301.
Pindalus umbrovirens, Seehohm, Ihis, 1878, p. 490.

Adult. General colour above dark umber-brown, the sides of the
lower back and rump more fawn-brown ; scapulars like the back ;
wing-coverts and quills dark ashy brown, margined with olive-
vellow, brighter on the quills ; tail-feathers dai'k ashy brown, edged
externally with olive-yellow, and on the inner web with a narrow
margin of dull whitish towards the tip ; lores dull reddish ; ring
round the eye, car-coverts and sides of face, throat and imderparts
reddish brown, the centre of the abdomen white : in front of the eye
a blackish spot ; under wing-covcrts and edge of wing deep olive-
yellow ; axillaries pale reddish brown ; quills dark brown below,
whitish along the edge of the inner webs ; " bill orange, the culmen
and tip of upper mandible dark horn-brown ; feet leaden black ;
iris pale umber " (Heuc/Iin). Total length 3-8 inches, culmen 0-45,
■ft-ing 2-2. tail 1-8, tarsus 0-8.

Hab. Js'orth-eastern Africa.

a. Ad. sk. Senafe, Abyssinia. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [C.].

9. Cryptolopha superciliaris.

Abrorais superciliaris, Tickell, J. A. S. B. x\iii. p. 414 ; Jei-d. B. Ind.

ii. p. 203 ; Bh/th ^- Wald. B. Burm. p. 106 ; Hume, Str. F. 1874,

p. 479 ; id. 4" Davison, Str. F. 1878, p. 3o9.
Abrornis albigularis, Jerd. 8, Bhjth, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 200 (iiec Moore).
Abrornis ilaviventris, Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 203.
Abrornis griseofrons, Gray, Cat. Mamin. i^-c. Nepal Coll. Hodgs. 1863,

p. 33.
Sylvia superciliaris, Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 217, no. 3090.
Sylvia griseofrons. Gray, t. c. p. 217, no. 3078.

Adult. General colour above dull oUve-brown, a little clearer on
the rump and upper tail-coverts ; wing-coverts and quills dark
brown, with olive margins, the edges to the secondaries a little
brighter olive ; tail-feathers light brown, margined with olive, the
outer feathers fawn-coloured for the greater part of the inner web ;
head light ashy brown, slightly washed with olive, shading off into
the olive of the back ; from the base of the nostrils a narrow white
line running above the eye ; in front of the latter a dusky spot ;
sides of the head light ashy brown, the ear-coverts slightly tipped
with olive ; the ring round the eye dull white, as also the cheeks
and feathers below the eye ; throat and fore neck white ; remainder
of under surface from the chest downwards yellow, somewhat whiter
in the middle of the abdomen ; under wing-coverts whitish, washed
with yellow ; quills dark brown below, whitish along the edge of
the inner web ; " bill more or less of a dark olive-brown above,
paler and more or less plumbeous on the lower mandible ; inside of
mouth yellow or pale orange, fleshy ; iiides dark brown ; eyelids
grey or plumbeous; legs dusky or fleshy yellow" (Oates) ; "bill
black, bluish at base of lower mandible ; legs and feet greenish

58. CRYPTOLOPHA. 403

browu or yellow ; iris dark brown " (Davison). Total leugth 4-4
inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2"05, tail 1'75, tarsus 0'75.
Ilab. Himalaya ]yiountains ; Java {Mus. Lugd.).

a, b, c. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.l.

d, c. Ad. sk. Darjiling. J. Fotheringham, Esq. [C.].

10. Cryptolopha schwaneri.

Sylvia schwaneri, Temm. in Mus. Liujd., und'e

Abrornis schwaneri, Blyth, Ibis, 1870, p. 169 ; Salvad. Ucc. Born.

p. 245.
Sylvia schwaneri. Gray, Hand-l. B. iii. p. 310, no. 3093*.

Adult female (type of species). General colour above yellowish
olive, a little brighter and more yellowish green on the rump and
upper tail-coverts : wing-coverts and quills dark brown, margined
with ochraceous ; tail-feathers dark brown, with olive margins, the
outer ones fawn-colour along the inner webs ; head dusky ash-
colour, contrasting with the back, the nape slightly washed with
olive ; sides of face dusky ash-colour ; over the eye a narrow streak
of white : round the eye a whitish ring of feathers, in front of the
eye a dusky black spot ; cheeks and feathers below the eye whitish,
as well as the lower ear-coverts ; throat and fore neck white ;
remainder of under surface bright yellow, the centre of the abdomen
a little whiter ; under wing-coverts yellow, with white bases ; quills
dark brown below, edged with light fulvous along the inner web.
Total length 3-8 inches, culmen 0"45, wing 1'85, tail 1*5, tarsus
0-65. {Mus. Lucjd.)

Hah. Banjermassing, Borneo.

11. Crjrptoloplia poliogenys.

Culicipeta poliogenys, Bbjth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 441.
Rhipidura poliogenys, Gray, Gen. B. iii. App. p. 12.
Abrornis poliogenvs, Bti/th, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 183 ; Moore,

P. Z. S. 1854, p. 106; Horsf. 4" Moore, Cat. B. Mm. E.I. Co. i.

p. 340; Gray, Cat. Hodqs. Coll. 1863, p. 32; Jerd. B. Ind. ii,

p. 203 ; Seebohm, Ibis, 1878, p. 490.
Sylvia pohogenys, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 217, no. 3082.

Adult. General colour above yeUoMnsli green, brighter yellow
on the rump ; tail dark brown, edged with yellowish green, the
three outer tail-feathers white, with dark brown bases to the inner
webs, the outer webs brown towards the end of the feathers ; wing-
coverts and quills dark brown, narrowly edged with yellowish green,
the greater coverts with bright yellow tips forming a bar across the
wing ; head slaty grey, the sides of the crown blackish, forming a
broad stripe reaching down the sides of the nape ; sides of face also
ashy grey, the ear-coverts slightly streaked with black ; round the
eye a broad white ring of feathers ; lores and fore part of cheeks
ashy whitish, with dusky bases ; chin white ; throat and remainder
of under surface bright golden yeUow, the sides of the breast some-
what washed with olive-green ; under wing-coverts and edge of
wing bright yeUow ; axiUaries white, washed with yellow ; quills

404 mscicAPiD^.

dusky brown below, whitish along tlie edge of the inner web ;
" bill blackish horny above, yellowish beneath ; feet yellowish
horny" {Jerdon). Total length 3-8 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 1"9,
tail l-7o, tarsus O'T.

Hah. Himalaya Mountains.

a-f. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

12. Cryptolopha castaneiceps.

Abrornis castaneocepa, Hodys. Icon, ined., Passeres, pi. 57. tig. 7,

pi. 68. tig. 5, pi. 04. %."2, App. pi. 44 {Ifodt/s. no. 46U) ; id. in

Gray''s Zoul. Misc. p. 82 ; Gray, Cat. Mamm. ^-c. Nepal Coll. Hodys.

p. 6(3, et App. p. 1.52 (descr. jvinceps) ; Blyt.h, J. A. i>. B. xiv.

p. 59.3 ; Jcrd. B. hid. ii. p. 205 ; Seebohm, Ibis, 1878, p. 490.
Regulus castaneocepp, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 175, pi. 49. tig. 1 ; Bp.

Consp. i. p. 292.
Culicipeta castaniceps, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 442.
Regidoides castaneiceps, iBp. Consp. i. p. 202 ; Horsf. 8f Moore, Cat.

B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 344 ; Grai/, Cat. Matnm. ^-c. Nepal Coll.

Hodys. 1863, p. 32 ; Jerd. Si Blyth, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 200.
Abrornis castaneoveutris (lapsu), Jerd. ^- Blyth, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 199.
Sylvia castaneiceps, Gray, Iland-l. B. i. p. 21 7, no. 3083.

Adult. General colour above olive-yellow, the least wing-coverts
rather brighter than the back ; median and greater coverts dark
brown, edged and tipped with bright yellow, forming a double bar
across the wing ; quills dark brown, externally edged with olive-
yellow ; rump bright yellow ; tail-feathers light brown, edged with
olive-yellow, the two outermost white, brown only along the tip of
the outer web ; crown of head chestnut, with a black stripe running
doAvn the sides of the nape from above the hinder part of each eye ;
lores white, tipped with black ; round the eye a ring of white
feathers ; sides of face grey, as also the sides of the neck and hinder
neck ; a white stripe below the black streak on the sides of the nape ;
cheeks, throat, and chest light greyi.sh, the centre of the body white,
the aides of the breast, flanks, thighs, and under tail-coverts bright
yellow ; under wing-covcrts, axillaries, and edge of wing bright
yellow ; quills dusky brown below, whitish along the inner web ; bill
dark horn-brown, the lower mandil)le paler ; legs pale. Total length
3-5 inches, culmen 0-4, wing 1-8-5, tail l"o, tarsus 0"65.

Hah. Himalaya Mountains.

a. Ad. St. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

b-h. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.J.

13. Cryptolopha grammiceps.

Sylvia grammiceps, Verreaiix, MS'., i/nde

Pycnosphrys grammiceps, Str/ckl. Contr. Orn. 1849, p. 124, pi. 34.

fig. 1 ; Bp. Cmsp. i. p. 324.
Muscicapa grammiceps, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. .323, no. 4850.
Sylvia ]ei(corrhi)a, Blyth, /iV.f , 1 870, p. 169 {ex Midler, MS., in Mus.

Ltu/d.).

58. CHYPTOLOPHA. 40o

Adult male (ilount Gede, Java). General colour above light ashy
brown ; least wing-coverts olive-yellowish : median and greater scries
dark brown, edged with olive-yeUow and tipped with bright yellow,
forming a doable bar across the wing ; primary -coverts and (juills
dark brown, externally narrowly margined with olive-yellow ; rump
white ; upper tail-coverts ashy brown, tipped with white ; tail-
feathers light brown, margined with olive-yeUow ; head and nape
chestnut-rutous, with a streak of blackish brown from above the
binder part of the eye running down the sides of the nape ; round
the eye a ring of white ; sides of face chestnut, the upper edge of
the ear-coverts shaded with blackish brown ; lores and cheeks lighter
rufous, extending upon the sides of the neck, the loral plumes tipped
with black ; under surface of body white, the chin and sides of the
throat washed with rufous, extending upou the sides of the upper
breast, which are ashy brown : thighs brown, washed with olive-
yellow ; under wing-coverts and edge of the wing yellow ; axillaries
white, washed with yellow ; quills light brown below, whitish along
the edge of the inner web. Total length li-S inches, culmen 0-4,
wing 1'95, tail 1*6, tarsus 0'7.

Hub. Java.

a. (S ad. sk. Mount Gede, Java (Dr. Bernstein). Leyden Museum [P.].

14. Cryptolopha albigularis.

Abrornis albi gularis, Hodgs. Icmi. ined., Passeres, App. pi. 46 ("no.

936).
Abrornis albogularis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 10(3 (de<cr. princ.) ;

Ilorsf. ^- M'jore, Cat. B. Mas. E.I. Co. i. p. .340 ; Jerd. B. hid.

ii. p. 204; Gray, Cat. Hodgf.. Cull. p. 32: Seehohm, Ibis, 1878,

p. 490.
Abrornis albiventris, Jerd. Sf Bh/th, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 200.
.Sylvia albogularis, Gray, Iland-l. B. i. p. 217, no. 3077.

Adult. General colour above yellowish green ; the rump whitish,
washed with yellow ; wing-coverts and quills dark brown, edged
with the same colour as the back, the margins of the latter rather
brighter yellow : upper tail-coverts olive-yellow : tail-feathers light
brown, edged with olive-yellow along the outer webs : forehead,
eyebrow, and sides of face rufous fawn-colour, the hinder part of
the crown and nape pale fawn-colour, the lateral feathers being
tipped with black, so as to form a double band down the crown ;
throat whitish ; breast and sides of body pale olive-yellow, the
centre of the body and abdomen white ; thighs and under tail-coverts
olive-yellow : under wing-coverts and edge of the wing olive-yellow ;
axillaries whitt\ washed with yellow; quills dull brown" below,
ochraceous along the edge of the inner web ; " rictal bristles strong,
black, nearly half as long as the bill*, and the hind toe and claw

* The Museum specimens are damaged, but the riotal bristles appear to mo
to be fully as long as the bill itself.

406 MrscicAPiD^.

long and strong " (Jerdon). Total length 3-3 inches, culmen 0-35,
•wing l'7o, tail I'o, tarsus 0-6.

In the specimen collected by Mr. Fotheringham the crown is ashy
brown, with a streak of black from above the eye down the sides
of the neck, as in the allied Javan species. The mixing of the
black and fawn-colour is probably due to bad preparation of the
skins.

Hah. Eastern Himalayas.

a. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

h. Ad. sk. Darjiling. J. Fotheringham, Esq. [C.].

15. Cryptolopha fulvifacies.

Abromis fulvifacies, Sn-uih. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 132, et 1871, p. 357 ;
David ^ Oustakt, Ois. Chine, p. 273, pi. 23.

Adult male (Chungchow, Szechuen, May 4, 1869, R. Sivinhoe ;
type of species). General colour above duU olive-yellow, the wing-
coverts like the back ; quills dusky brown, edged with somewhat
brighter olive-yellow ; rump white ; upper tail-coverts olive-yellow ;
tail-feathers light brown, edged with olive-yellow ; crown of head
light brownish olive, with a black line running from above the fore
part of the eye down to the sides of the nape and skirting the crown ;
forehead, feathers round the eye, eyebrow, sides of face, and ear-
coverts fine pale rufous ; cheeks and under surface of body white,
the breast washed with olive-yellow, the lower throat-feathers with
black bases, forming a blackish throat-patch ; thighs olive-yellow ;
under tail-coverts bright yellow ; under wing-coverts pale yellow ;
axillaries white, washed with yellow ; quiUs dark brown below,
yellowish white along the edge of the inner web : " biU brownish,
the tip and the lower mandible lighter ; feet greenish grey, the nails
grey ; iris chestnut-brown " (David). Total length 3-4 inches, cul-
men 0-3, wing 1-95, tail 1-5, tarsus 0-65. (Mus. H. Seehohm.)

This species only differs from A. alhigularis in the colour of the
crown, and may turn out to be nothing but that bird.

Hah. Western China.

16. Cryptolopha hodgsoni.

Abromis, sp., Hodgs. Icon. ined. App. p. 48 (Hodgs. no. 899).
Abrornis ? hodgsoni, Moore, App. to Horsf. Sr Moore, Cat. B. Mus.

E.I. Co. i. p. 412 ; Gray, Cat. Hodgs. Coll. 1863, p. 33.
Tickellia hodgsoni, Jerd.' 8f Bhjth, P. Z. S. 1801, p. 199; Jeid. B.

Ind. i. p. 206; Seehohm, Ibis, 1878, p. 490.

Adult. General colour above dark olive-green, duller on the nape
and hind neck ; rump bright yellow ; upper tail-coverts dull green ;
tail-feathers brown, with olive margins, the two outer ones white
alono- the inner web, brovm on the outer ; wing-coverts and quills
dull brown, edged with the same colour as the back ; lores white,
with blackish tips ; sides of head, eyebrow, and sides of neck dull

59. sistJR.v. 1 407

grey ; throat lighter ashy grey, whiter on the chin ; remainder of
under surface bright yellow, the thighs dusky brown ; under wing-
coverts and axillaries light yellow ; quills dusky brown below,
whitish along the edge of the inner web ; " bill horny, yellowish at
base beneath; legs yellowish" (Jerdon). Total length 3-5 inches,
culmen O'o, wing 1-9, tail 1-7, tarsus 0-8.
Hah. Eastern Himalayas.

a. Ad. St. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

h-f). Ad. sk. Nepal.* B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

59. SISURA. Typ^

Seisiira, Vuj. ^- Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 249 (1826). . . .S. inquieta.

Bill of Sisura i7iqitiefa.
Range. Confined to Australia.

1. Sisura inquieta.

Restle,s8 Thrush, Lath. Gen. Si/n. Suppl. ii. p. 181, no. 11.

Doubtful Thrush, Lath. t. c. p."l82, no. 13.

Volatile Thrush, Lath. t. c. p. 183, no. 19.

Flycatchiufr Thrush, Lath. t. c. p. 185, no. 25.

Tardus inquietus. Lath. Ind. Orn. Suppl. ii. p. xl.

Turdus dubius. Lath. t. c. p. xl.

Tui-dus volit;ms, Lath. t. c. p. xli.

Turdus muscicola, Lath. t. c. p. xHii.

Seisura inquieta, Viq. Sf Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 250 ; Gray,

Gen. B. i. p. 260 ; Gould, B. Amtr. folio, ii. pi. 87 ; Blyfh, Cat.

B. Mns. A. S. B. p. 205 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 324 ; Reichenb. Vog.

Neiiholl. pp. 225, 286; Cah. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 56; Gould,

Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 246; Finsch, Neu-Guinea, ^. 169; Gray,

Hand-l. B. i. p. 327, no. 4910 ; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W.

ii. p. 182.
Seisura volitans, Sicains. Nat. Libr., Flycatchers, p. 138, pi. 12 ;

Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 261.

Adult. General colour above dark slate-colour, with a greenish-
grey gloss ; upper taU-covcrts and tail blackish, with a steel-greenish
edging to the feathers ; wing-coverts like the back, margined with
steel-blue ; quills dark brown, the inner secondaries blacker ; head,

* All the specimens of this bird are presented by Mr. Hodgson as from Nepal,
though Dr. Jerdon believes the species to be only found in Sikhim.

408 muscicapidj:.

sides of face, and sides of neck glossy bliie-blaek ; in front of the
eye a triangular patch of dusky grey ; cheeks and under surface of
body pure white, tinged with ochraceous buff on the throat and
breast ; thighs blackish, with white edges to the feathers ; under
wing-coverts ashy blackish, with somewhat of a steel-blue shade;
quills light ashj* brown below, shaded with whitish along the
inner web ; "basal half of the sides of the upper mandible and
the basal two thirds of the lower mandible greenish blue ; remainder
of bill bhxish black ; legs and feci dark bluish brown ; irides dark
brown " (Gould). Total length 8 inches, culmen 0-8, wing 3-85,
tail 3-7, tarsus 0-75.

Hub. Australia, excepting the northern and western portions,
and Tasmania.

a. Ad. St. Australia. J. Gould, Esq.

b. Ad. sk. Australia. J. Gould, Esq.

c. Ad. sk. Australia. Purchased.

d. e,f. Ad. sk. Australia. Sir T. Mitchell [P.].
a. Ad. sk. W. Australia.

h. Ad. sk. New South Wales. R. R. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

2. Sisura nana.

Seisura nana, Gould, Ann. N. H. (4) vi. p. 224 ; Ram&ay, Pr. Linn.
Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 182.

Head glossy greenish black ; back and tail the same, but some-
what lighter ; wings brownish black, the secondaries with paler
edges ; under surface white, tinged with buff on the chest ; bill
and legs bluish lead-colour. Total length 6 inches, bill |, wing 3|,
tail 3, tarsus f. ( Gould. )

Hah. Northern Australia.

60. ARSES.

Type.

Arses, Lesson, Traite, p. 387 (1831) A. telescophthahiius.

Orphryzone, Rarnsay, P. Z. S. 1868, p. 383 .... A. kaupi.

Mange. New Guinea and Papuan islands, extending to the north-
eastern peninsula of Australia.

Key to the Species.
Males,
a. Collar round hind neck, lower throat, and
breast white.
a'. With the chin black, all the rest of the
under surface white.
a". Eye-wattle bhie in life.

a'". Larger : black spot on chin more

extended on the throat tekscojjhthalmus, p. 409.

b'". Smaller : black chin-.«pot less ex-
tended on the throat aruensis, p. 410.

b". Eye-wattle yellow in life hatanta, p. 411.

6'. With the chin white, like the re.st of the

GO. AKSES. 409

under surface ; a black band across the

breast kaiqn, p. 411,

b. Collar round bind neck, lower throat, aud

breast light orange or Naples ^-eUow wsularis, p. 412.

Femiiles.

a. With a white loral spot.

a'. Head always grey; back orange, with the
wings of the same colour, the innermost
secondaries orange without any dark
centres ; rump and upper tail-coverts like
the back ; tail orange-chestnut, slightly
shaded with brown at the end latantcp, p. 411.

6'. Head blackish or vei-y dark grey ; hinder
neck deep orange, but only a little darker
than the back, which is deep orange-
chestnut ; wings dark brown on the
inner webs, orange-chestnut externally,
the innermost secondaries of the same
colour; tail rufous-brown, the feathers
edged with chestnut felescophthalmus, p. 410.

c'. Head grey ; round the hind neck an
orange collar, contrasting with the olive-
brown back insularis, p. 412.

b. With an orange loral spot ; head black ; back

dusky brown, as also the tail, contrasting

with the orange hind neck arnensii^, p. 410.

1. Arses telescophthalmus.

Muscicapa telescophthalma, Garnot, Voy. CoquUle, i. pt. 2, p. 593,

pi. 19. fig. 1.
Muscicapa enado. Less. Voy. CoquUle, i. pt. 2, p, 643, pi. 1.5. fig. 2 ;

Sclater, Pr. Linn. Soc. 18o8, p. 181.
Arses telescophthalmus, Lesson, Traite, p. 387 ; Bp. Consp. L

p. 326 ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. viii. p. 398, ix. p. 24,

X. p. 132 ; Ramsay, P>: Linn. Soc. N. S. W. i. p. 391 ; S/iarpe,

Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. pp. 316, 49".
Monarcha telescophthalma, Sirains. Classif. B. ii. p. 257 ; Gray, Gen.

B. 1. p. 260 ; id. P. Z. 8. 1858, p. 177, et 1859, p. 156 ; id. Cat. B.

Neui Guinea, p. 30; id. P. Z. 6'. 1861, p. 435 ; Finsch, INeu-Guinea,

p. 169; Gray, Hand-l. ^. i. p. 320, no. 4804.
Monacha telescophthalma, Sicains. Nat. Libr., Flycatchers, p. 140.

Adult male. General colour glossy steel-black, the scapulars and
lower mantle-feathers white at their ends, where they adjoin the
lower back, which, with the rump, is white, the bases to the
feathers being grey ; wings entirely black ; upper tail-coverts and
tail black ; crown of head, sides of face and ear-coverts, fore part
of cheeks, chin, and upper throat black, the plumes of the head of
a velvety texture and with a slight steel gloss ; hinder part of
cheeks, sides of neck, and a collar round the hind neck, as well as
entire imder surface of body, pure white, including the under wing-
coverts and axillaries ; thighs black, as also the edge of the wing ;
" bill pearly grey ; feet dull leud-colour or ashy ; iris black ; fleshy

vol. IV. 2 s

410 ilUSCICAI'ID.K.

wattle round the eye sky-bluo " {D" Albertix). Total length 6-4 inches,
culmcn 0-6, wing 3*15, tail 2-8o, tarsus 0*7.

Adidt female. General colour orauge-brown, brighter on the
hind neck ; wings dusky brown, all the coverts and quills exter-
nally orange-brown or rufous ; tail-feathers dull brown, edged with
rufous ; crown of head dull slate-colour, as well as the feathers
round and below the eye ; in front of the latter a large spot of dull
white ; sides of face, sides of neck, throat, and breast orange ; re-
mainder of under surface pure white, the flanks washed with reddish
brown ; thighs entirely of the latter colour ; under wing-coverts
whitish, washed slightly with orange ; quills dull brown below,
rufous along the inner webs ; " bill dusky ; feet ashy ; iris black "
(UAlljertis). Total length G-3 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3*2, tail
2"9, tarsus 0'6o.

Hah. New Uuinea ; Mysol.

n. J ad. St. New Guinea.

b. S ad. sk. Dorey, N. G. A. R. WaUace, Esq. [C.].

c. cS ad. sk. Sorong, N. G., Feb. 4, I^eyden Museum [P.].

l86o{D>:Ber>isfeui).
(I. 2 ad. sk. Sailolo, Salwati, July Levden Museum [P.J.

11, 18G7 (Hoeclt).

d. e. J ad.:/. J ad. sk. Mysol. A. li. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

2. Arses aruensis.

Arses aruensis, Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mas. vol. i. no. 5, p. 21.

Adult male. Crown of head, ear-coverts, and sides of face, fore
part of cheeks, chin, and extreme upper edge of throat blue-black ;
round the hind neck a broad white collar, joining the sides of the
neck, which, with the hinder cheeks and the rest of the under sur-
faces of body, are pure white, excepting the tibial plumes, which
are black ; mantle, scapulars, and upper back blue-black ; wing-
cos-erts also blue-black, the terminal half of the inner greater
coverts and the ends of the scapulars white ; primary-coverts and
(juills black, edged with blue-black ; lower back and rump white ;
upper tail-coverts blue-black, tail-feathers black, washed with blue-
black on their margins ; under wing-covorts and axillaries white ;
quills blackish below, ashy along the inner edge of the primaries,
white on the secondaries. Total length 6-5 inches, culmen 0"6,
wing 3-1, tail 2-9, tarsus 0-7.

Adult female. General colour above dusky orange-brown, the
tail also dull brown, with dusky-rufous edges to the feathers ; least
wing-coverts like the back, the median and greater series dusky
brown with orange-brown edges and tips of lighter orange ; pri-
mary-coverts and quills brown, with dull orange-rufous margins,
broader on the secondaries ; crown of head, feathers below the eye,
and ear-coverts glossy black ; a loral spot of orange ; round the
hind neck a collar of bright orange-rufous, contrasting strongly
■with the back ; cheeks, throat, and breast blight orange-rufous,

60. ARSES. 411

deepening almost to chestnut on the latter ; remainder of under
surface white, the flanks washed with ashy, the sides of the upper
breast orange-rufous ; thighs dusky brown ; under wing-coverts
and axillaries white, the edge of the wing orange ; quills dull
brown, rui'esceut along the edge of the inner web. Total length
6 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 2-95, tail 2*75, tarsus 0*7.
Huh. Aru Islands and South-eastern Xew Guinea.

a, 6. c? ad. ; c. 2 ad. sk. Aru Islands. A. R. "Wallace. Esq. [C.].

d,e. c? 5 ad. sk. Am Islands. Leyden Museum [P.].

( Von Rosenberg).

3. Arses batautse.

Arses batantte, Sharpe, Xotes Leychn Mm. vol. i.uo. 5, p. 20.

Adult male. Similar to A. telescophthalmiis, but rather larger,
and having the wattle round the eye yellow. Total length 7 inches,
culmen 0'7, wing 3'4, tail 3, tarsus 0'75.

Adult female. General colour above light orange-rufous, tlie wing-
coverts and iuner secondaries entirely orange-rufous like the back;
primary-coverts and primaries dusky brown, externally edged with
light orango-rufous, the secondaries more broadlj-, the inner ones
being almost entirely orange-rufous with a shade of dusky brown
on the inner web ; tail-feathers pale orange-rufous, the centre
feathers dusky brown with pale rufous edges and shafts : crown of
the head dark grey, as also the feathers round the eye, which are
slightly mottled with white bases ; loral spot dull white ; ear-coverts,
sides of face, and throat light orange-buff ; remainder of the under
surface white, the sides of the breast washed with orange, the tibial
plumes orange-rufons ; under wing-coverts light orange-buff, the
edge of the wing deeper orange ; axillaries white, washed with
orange ; quills ashy brown below, rufescent along the inner web.
Total length 7 inches, culmen 0'65, wing 3-3, tail 3, tarsus 0-S.

Hab. Islands of Waigiou and Batanta.

a,b. S ad.; c, rf. $ad. sk. Waigiou. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

e. cJ ad. sk. "Waigiou, March 14, Leyden Museum [P.J

]8Q3( Dr.Beriist^in).

f. $ ad. sk. Batanta, June 28,1869 Lpyden Museimi [P.].

{Dr. Bernstein).

4. Arses kaupi.

Arses kaupi, Gould, T. Z. S. 1850, p. 278 ; id. B. Awstr. Stippl. fol.
pi. 10 ; id. Ilandb. B. Aii^tr. i. p. 251 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1877,
p. 100 ; Sharpe, Notes Leyden Mtts. vol. i. no. 5, p. 21.

Orphrvzone kaupi, Ilamsaij, P. Z. S. 1868, p. 383.

Monarcba kaupi, (h-aii, Hand-l. B. i. p. 321, no. 4806.

Arses (Orphrvzone! kaupii, Bam-frnj, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. TV. ii.
p. 182.

Adidt male (Rockingham Bay). General colour above glossy

2 K 2

412 MUSCICA.PID.E.

black, the wings and tail both black ; scapulars and rump white
with black bases ; upper tail-coverts black ; crown of head and
nape, sides of face and ear-coverts glossy purplish black ; cheeks,
throat, and a broad collar round the hind neck white ; across the
breast a broad baud of glossy black, the central feathers varied with
streaks and edgings of white ; remainder of under surface of body
white, with blackish bases to the flank-feathers ; thighs black ;
under wing-coverts black, the axillaries white with black bases ;
quills dark brown below, lighter brown along the edge of the inner
web. Total length 6 inches, culmen 0o5, wing 3-1, tail 2-9, tarsus
0-75. (Mxs. J. Gould.)

Hah. N.E. Australia, extending as far south as Rockingham
Bay.

5. Arses insularis.

Monarcha iusularis, Meyer, Bxtz. k. Akad. Wien, Ixbc. p. 395.
Arses insularis, Sclater, P. Z. >S. 1878, p. 579 : Sharpe, Notes Leyden
Mus. vol. i. no. 5, p 20.

Adult male. General colour above glossy blue-black, the feathers
of the crown of a velvety and somewhat scaly nature ; feathers of
lower mantle tipped with white where they adjoin the scapulars,
which, as well as the lower back, are also white with black bases ;
rump ashy grey, some of the feathers w^hite at the ends ; upper tail-
coverts and tail jet-black ; wings entirely black ; lores, feathers
round the eye, ear-coverts, and chin black ; cheeks, throat, breast,
and sides of neck pale orange, extending in a coUar round the hind
neck ; rest of under surface, as well as the under wing-coverts and
axillaries, pure white ; small coverts along the edge of the wing
black ; thighs black. Total length 6-4 inches, culmen 0*65, wing
3"2o, tail 2-75, tarsus 0"7. (Mas. Civic. Genov.)

Adult female. Upper surface dull ochraceous brown, with a collar
of bright orange-rufous round the hind neck, contrasting with the
back : wing- coverts like the back, the greater series and the quills
dusky brown, margined with ochraceous brown ; upi)er tail-coverts
rufescent brown ; tail dusky ochraceous brown with clearer ochra-
ceous edges : crown of head and feathers round the eye grey ; in
front of the eye a white loral spot ; cheeks, throat, and breast bright
orange-chestnut ; remainder of imder sui-face dull white, with a
brownish shade on the flanks ; thighs brown ; edge of wing brown ;
under wing-coverts and axillaries whitish, washed with orange.
Total length 6 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3"05, tail 2-6, tarsus 0"7.

Hab. Island of Jobi in the Bay of Geclvink, and Xorthern New
Guinea.

a,b. cJ $ ad. sk. Ausns, Jobi, April 187:5. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.].

Gl. PIEZOKHYNCHUS. 413

Gl. PIEZORHYNCHUS.

Type.

Piezorhynchus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 171 P. alecto.

Sympos'iachru.s, Bp. C. R. xxxviii. p. 650 (1854) P. triv-irgat

Head of Pcezorht/nchus alecto.

Eanr/e. Australia ; Papuan islands ; Moluccas ; Timor group ;
Louisiade archipelago.

Kei/ to the Sjjecies,
a. Upper surface uniform, the mautle not differing
from the crown in colour.
a'. Under tail-coverts bottle-green, lihe the rest i „ig^f„ „ 43^5

of the under siu-face of body j nitidus,^. ^IG.

b'. Under tail-coverts chestnut or rufous.

a". Under tail-coverts like the entire under
surface of body ; throat black in male ;
upper surface chestnut-browTi ; tail en-
tirely chestnut ritbiensis, p. 417.

b". Under tail-coverts nofous ; breast white or
bufly white, like the throat.
a'". Mantle Ught chestnut, like the back . . alecto 2 > P- 4:15.
b'". Mantle dark ashy, shaded with the
purple colour of the head, and separa-
ting the latter from the back, which is

dark chestnut nitidus 5 , p. 416,

c'. Under tail-coverts white, like the abdomen,
sometimes with a slight tinge of orange.
c" . Side* of throat and fore neck and chest
orange, as also the sides of the body.
c'". Wings grey, the coverts and edges of
the qrulls gi'ey, like the back,
fl'. Forehead black, not separated from
the grey crown by a line of orange-
rufous.
a'. Upper tail-coverts black.

a*. White ending to outer tail-fea-
thers not exceeding an inch in
length.
a' . Much larger; wing .3-1 inches:
frontal line of black only 0'15
inch in extent ; black spot on
the throat confined to the
chin, not more than 0-2 inch,
so as scarcely to extend be-
yond the ramus of the jaw. . bernsftini, p. 417.

414 iiusciCAi-roiE.

v. Smaller ; wiug 3 inches ; black
spot ou throat much larger,

0'7 inch nigrimentiim, p. 418.

h^. White ending to outer tail-fea-
thers 1'2 inch in length triviryatua, p. 418.

h'\ Upper tail-coverts grey, like the

back (joiildi, p. 419.

b*. Forehead black, but separated from
the grey crown by a narrow line of

orange-rufous diadematus, p. 419.

d'". Upper wing-corerts black, contrasting
with the grey back.
c\ White spot on tail-feathers very
small ; upper sm-face blacldsh, the
head scarcely darker than the back . bimaculatus, p. 420.
dK White spot ou tail-feathers larger ;
upper surface grey, with a conspi-
cuous black frontal band and ear-
coverts melanopterus, p. 420.

d". Chest white or greyish white, like the
breast and rest of the under surface,
e'". Tail entu-ely black.
e*. All the wing-coverts black hke the

back; ear-coverts and crown black., dichrovs, p. 421.
/*. Median and inner greater wing-covert.s
white, forming a conspicuous patch ;
a band across the crown, ear-coverts,

and sides of neck white verticalis, p. 422.

/'". Tail black, the outer feathers tipped
with white.
g"^. Throat black ; breast white ; ear-
coverts black,
c'. Throat black, extending to the fore
neck ; wing-coverts with distinct
triangular spots of white at the

tip gtdtulatus, p. 422.

d'\ Throat black, but not extending to
the jugidum; no white spots on

wing-coverts morotensis, p. 423.

A*. Ear-coverts white.

e^. Throat white leucoHs, p. 423.

f^. Cliin black, as also lower throat,
with a white bar across the middle

of latter pikatus, p. 424.

g'". Tail black, the outer feathers white for
their entire length.
i*. Larger ; wing 3-55 : cheeks and sides

of neck white loricatus, p. 425.

yt*. Smaller ; wing 3-05 : cheeks and sides

of neck black leucunis, p. 425.

h'". Tail pure white, excepting a black
edging near the base and near the end

of the centre feathers infelix, p. 426.

d'. Under tail-coverts black, like the rest of the

imder surface ; axillaries pme white axillaris, p. 426.

e'. Under tail-coverts pale lemon-yellow, like

Gl. I'lEZORHYNCHUS. 415

the abdomeu aud breast; throat and chest
black; tail black, yellow at base, the outer

feathers entirely yellow bre/imi, p. 426.

Upper surface not uniform, the mantle black,
contrasting strongly with the head, which is
tiery orange.
a'. Lower back, scapulars, rump, and upper tail-
coverts orange-yeUow, leaving the mantle
only black.
a". Black colour not extending behind the

eye ; black confined to the throat chrysomelas, p. 427,

b''. Eye surrounded by black feathers ; black

of throat extending to fore neck kordensis, p. 427.

I'. Entire back and scapulars black, leaving only

the rump and upper tail-coverts yellow . . cii-uengis, p. 428.

1. Piezorhynchus alecto.

Drymophila alecto, Temin. PL Col. iii. pi. 430. fig. 1.

Muscicapa chalybeocephala, Gam. Vol/. CoquiUc, i. p. 689, pi. 15.

fig. 1 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 203.
Monarcha alecto, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 260 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 326;

Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 170; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 320, no. 4794;

Mei/er, Sitz. k. Akad. JVien, Ixix. p. 504 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1877,

p. ioo.

Seisura nitida, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 261 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 327,

no. 4911.
Mjiagra lucida, Gray, P. Z. 8. 1858, p. 176; id. Cat. B. Neto Guinea,

p. 27; Finsch, Neu- Guinea, p. 170.
Piezorhynchus lucidus. Gray, P. Z. ,S'. 1859, p. 157, et 1861, p. 4-34.
Piezorhynchus chalybeocephalus, Gray, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 156.
Myiagra nitens, Grat/, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 352; Finsch, Neu- Guinea,

p. 170. '

Seisura chalybeocephala. Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 327, no. 4913.
JSeisura nitens. Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 327, no. 4914.
Monarcha chalybeocephalus, Salvad, Ann. Mtts. Civic. Genov. vii.

p. 768.

Adult male. General colour above and below glossy black, with a
steel-green lustre, the feathei-s of the head velvety, and the ear-
coverts shaded with purple ; lower abdomen dusky black, without
gloss ; quills and tail black externally, edged with the same greenish
black as the back : " bill dull pearly grey ; feet black ; iris black "'
(D'Alberlis). Total length 7 inches, culmeu ^y~, wing 3-6, tail 3-0,
tarsus O'S.

Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above
light chestnut or bay ; tail entirely bay, like the back ; wings uni-
form with the back, the (luills dark brown, externally bay, like the
back, the innermost secondaries entirely of the latter colour ; round
the hind neck a shade of dusky grey, slightly extending upon the
mantle ; head and sides of face glossy steel-green, somewhat shaded
with purple on the ear-coverts ; cheeks and entire under surface of
body pure white, the sides and under wing-coverts somewhat shaded
with pale rufous ; under tail-coverts washed with fulvous ; quills

416

muscicapidj:.

dusky blackish below, rufou* along the inner webs. Total length 6- 6
inches, culmen 0-65, wing 3*3, tail 2-8, tarsus 0-8.

Obs. The tint in the males varies from a purplish-black lustre to
an oily greenish black. The most completely purple specimen ex-
amined by me is one from S.E. New Guinea, collected by D'Albeitis,
and lent me by Count Salvadori ; but every gradation is seen in a
series from this purplish colour to the oily green and steel-green.
The birds from Batchian and Gilolo arc smaller, but do not seem to
constitute more than a race.

Hab. New Ireland and Duke of York Island, westward through
New Guinea to the islands of Mysol, Waigiou, Batchian, and neigh-
bouring Molucca islands.

a. P. altcto.

a, b. (J 2 ad. sk.
c, d, (S 2 3d. sk.

e,f. d 2 ad. sk.
ff, h. S 2 ad. sk.
I. (J ad. sk.

Duke of York Island.

Port Moresby, S.E.
New Guinea.

New Guinea.

Dorey, N. G.

Arfak Mountains,
N. G.

Waigiou.

Mysol.

Louisiade archi-
pelago.

Rev. G. Brown [C.].
0. C. Stone, Esq. [C.].

A. R. WaUace, Esq. [C.l.
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [CI.
M. Laglaize [C.].

k,l. (S 2 ad. sk.
m,n. (5" ad.;o. Jad.sk.
p. c? ad. St.

A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.

A. R. WaUaee, Esq. [C.l.

J. MacgiUivray, Esq. [C.J.

(Type of P. hwidtts.)

b. P. nitens.

a. (S ad. sk.

b. cS ad. sk.

c. d. (S 2 ad. sk.

Gilolo.

Batchian.

Ternate.

A. R. WaUace, Esq. [C.
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C .
A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

2. Piezorliynchus nitidus.

Piezorhynchus nitidus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 171 ; id. B. Austr. fol.
ii. pi. 88 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 324 ; Reichenb. Vog. Neuholl. pp. 157,
287 ; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 182.

Piezorhvuchus rufolateralis, Gi-ay, P. Z. 8. 1858, p. 176 ; id. Cat. B.
New Guinea, p. 27.

Seisura nitida. Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 327, no 4911.

Seisura rufolateralis. Gray, Hand-l. B. i, p. 327, no. 4912.

Adult male. General colour bottle-green, with a steel-blue gloss ;
wing-coverts like the back : quills browner, the secondaries edged
with the green of the back ; tail-feathers black, edged with steel-
green ; under surface of body like the upper. Total length 7-3
inches, culmen Ow, wing 3-5, tail 3-2, tarsus 0-9.

Adult female. General colour above deep chestnut, the crown of
the head duU steel-blue, shading off on the hind neck, the latter
and the mantle dark ashy brown ; wings like the back, the primary-
coverts tipped with dusky, the quiUa dusky brown on the inner
webs and at the tips, the inner secondaries like the back ; tail chest-
nut, with rufous shafts to the feathers ; sides of face like the head ;
cheeks and under surface of body white or bufty white ; thighs

61. riKzoKurxcHus. 4jy

duskybrown; flanks pale chestnut; under wing-coverts and axil-
laries like the breast ; quiUs dusky brown below, with rufous edgings
to the inner webs Total length 6-8 inches, culmen 0-7, wing 3-15
tail 2"y, tarsus 0-9. ° '

Obs. The present species differs from P. alecto only in having a
very much longer and thinner bill, but the females are distinguifh-
able by the characters given in the key. Neither in the British
Museum nor m the series collected by Dr. Eeccari, and lent to me
by Count Salvadori IS there an adult male from the Am Islands.
Nevertheless I believe that the birds from the latter locality are
Identical with P. «...?„., j,idging from the narrowness of the^iU
and the exactly similar coloration of the females

Islands" '"^ °''^''''™ --^"^^^l'^' as far south as Port Denison ; Aru
a, b J ad. St. Port Es.ington. Dr. Sibbald ( P.l

: i L 8k I'l Essington. Capt. Chambers [P.]-

e. cJjuv.sk. Port Essington. J. B. Jukes, Esq fP 1

/, .</. d juv. ; h. 2 juv. sk. Aru Islands. A. R. WaUace, Esq [^b.].

(Tv|3es of P. rufolateralis.)

3. Piezorhynchus rubiensis.

Tchitrea rubiensis, Meyer, Sitz. k. Akad. Wien, Ixix. p. 494
Monarcha mentahs, Salmd. Ann. Mm. Civic. Gmov. yLp. 310(1874^
Monardia rubiensis, 8alvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. Si. p. S, x!

Adult male (type of species). General colour rufous-brown, with
somewhat of a greyish shade on the crown; wing-covert^ ^Ike
the back; quills dusky brown, externaUy mfous ; upper tail-coverts
and tail rufous ; frontal plumes, lores, sides of face, and under sur-
tace ot body rufous, much paler and inclining to white on the lower
abdomen ;clim and upper throat black ; under wing-coverts like the
breast. Total length 6-0 inches, culmen 0-65, wing 3-55, f^^U 3 3
tarsus 0-7. {Mus. Civic. Genov.) , rau o ^,

Adult female (Andai, Bndja). Differs from the foregoing in
wanting the black throat Total length 6-5 inches, culmen 0-65,
wing 3-6, tad i-2, tarsus 0-7. (Mus. Civic. Genov )

Ihe colour of the under surface in the last-mentioned bird is a
nch foxy red, and the wings and tail are chestnut ; this is probably
the natural colour of the species, as the t.-pe was preserved in spirit^
and has evidently faded a good deal.

£fab. N^rth-westem New Guinea.

4. Piezorhjnichus bernsteiui.

Monarcha bernsteini, .Sahad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. xii. p. 322.
ArMt female (f^aHolo, Salwati, Bernstein ■ t^•pe of species) Ge-
neral colour above dark bluish slate-colour, ihe head exactly like
^Li"" -r ^ ? *^' ^•iDg-coverts: quills duskv bkckish, exte^naUy
bSfr^T, -■ r-" •;^' '\' ""''^^ "PPer-tail-cover;. and taU "
bldck, the three outer tail-feathers tipped with white, less extensive

418 MUSClCAriD-K.

on the third reetrix ; a luxrrow frontal band 0*1;5 inch in extent ;
lores, feathers above and below the eye, a spot at base of lower
mandible, and a chin-spot 0*2 inch in extent black ; ear-coverts
black, shaded -with slaty grey ; remainder of cheeks, entire throat
and breast rich orange-rafous, the abdomen and under tail-coverts
white, the flanks washed with orange ; thighs black ; under wing-
coverts and axillaries white, with a slight tinge of orange, the
feathers on the edge of the wing black, edged with grey ; quilla
ashy blackish below. Total length 6 inches, culmen 0"65, wing
3'1, tail 2*8, tarsus 0"75. (Mus. Lugd.)
Uab. Salwati, N.W. of Xew Guinea.

5. Piezorhjmchus mgrimentum.

MonarcLa nigrimentum. Gray, P. Z. S. ISCO, p. 352 ; Finsch, Neti-
Guinea, p. 169 ; Gray, Haitd-l. B. i. p. 320, no. 4800.

Adult nude. General colour above slaty grey, the wing-coverts
like the back, the greater series and the quills blackish, externally
edged with grey : upper tail-coverts and tail black, the three outer
feathers with broad white ends, increasing in extent towards the
outermost ; a narrow frontal band, lores, feathers above and below
the eye, ear-coverts, and fore part of cheeks at base of lower mandible
black ; remainder of checks and sides of throat, as well as the fore
neck, orange-rufous ; remainder of under surface of body white,
slightly washed with orange on the chest and sides of the body ;
thighs black ; under wing-coverts and axillaries white, slightly
tinged with orange : " bill and feet bluish lead-colour, the tip black ;
iris dark" {Wcdlace, MS.). Total length 7 inches, culmen 0-6*,
wing 3"05, tail 2-9, tarsus 0*7.

Adidt female. Similar to the male. Total length 6-6 inches,
culmen 0-65, wing 2-85, tail 2-8, tarsus 0-7.

Young. Difl'ers from the adult in having the orange colour dif-
fused more widely on the underparts, the chin being greyish, not
black ; no black on the forehead and sides of face ; the white tips
to the outer tail-feathers smaller.

Hah. Molucca Islands : Amboyna, Goram.

a. 2 ad. sk. Amboyna. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

(Type of species.)

b, c. Imm. sk. Amboyna. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].
d, e. (S ad. sk. Goram. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

6. Eiezorhynchus trivirgatus.

Drymophila trivirgata, Temm. PL Col. iii. pi. 418. fig. 1.
Monarcha trivirgata, Grai/, Gen. B. i. p. 2G0 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 326 ;

Wall. P. Z. S. 18(53, p.'48o; Finsch, Neu-Giiinea, p. 169; Gray,

Handr-l. B. i. p. 320, no. 4797.

Adult male. General colour above ashy grey, the wing-coverts
like the back ; greater coverts and quills bro'wn, externally edged
with duU ashy grey, the inner secondaries washed with this colour ;
upper tail-cov'crts and tail-feathers black, the three outer ones broadly

01. PIKZORHYl^CHUS. 419

tipped with black, with traces of a white spot at the tip of the fourth ;
forehead, lores, feathers round the eye, and ear-coverts black, as also
the plumes at the angle of the mouth and the chin and centre of
throat ; hinder part of cheeks, sides of throat, fore neck, and chest
bright orange-rufous, paler on the sides of the bodj- ; centre of
breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts white : thighs white, with
dusky bases ; under wing-coverts and axiUaries white ; quills greyish
brown below, ashy along the edge of the inner webs. Total length
5'8 inches, culmen 0'55, wing 2-9, tail 2-8, tarsus 0"7.

Adult female. Xot to be distinguished from the male. Total
length 0 inches, wing 2-7, tail 2'G, tarsus 0-7.

Hah. Timor group of islands.

a, 6. c? 2 ad. sk. Timor. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [0.1.

c. Ad. sk. Timor. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.J.

7. Piezorhynchus gouldi.

Monarcba trivirgata, Guuhl, Syn. B. Aiixfr. pt. ii. ; id. B. Austr. fol. ii.

pi. 96; id. Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 2G3; Beichenb. Vog. Neuholl.

pp. 227, 2»7.
Mouarclia gouldi, Gray, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 352 ; id. Hand-l. B. i,

p. 320, no. 4798 ; Bamsay, Proc. Linn. Sue. N. S. W. ii. p. 182.
Monarcba albiventris, Goidd, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 217 ; id. B. Amtr. fol.

Suppl. pi. 13 ; Gray, Haud-l. B. i. p. 320, no. 4803 ; Ramsay, Proc.

Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 182.

Adult male. Like 21. trivirgatus, and only to be distinguished by
the absence of white on the fourth outer tail-feather, the three
outermost only tipped with white. Total length 0 inches, culmen
U'55, wing 3, tail 2-9, tarsus 0"7.

Hah. North-east Australia.

a. S ad.sk. Caipe York {J. Macyillivray). Capt. Stanley [P.l.

b. cJ ad. sk. Eockingham Bay. Capt. Stanley [P.J.

8. Piezorhynchus diadematus.
Monarcba diadematus, Sahad. Ann. Mas. Civic. Genov. xii. p. 321.

Adult male. General colour above dark ashj- grey, the least wing-
coverts like the back : median and greater coverts and quills brown,
edged with the same grey as the back, less distinctly on the quills ;
upper tail-coverts darker grey than the back ; tail-feathers dark
sepia-brown, the two outer ones with a white spot at the tip ; frontal
baud black, separated from the crown by a band of orange-rufous ;
feathers above and round the eye, ear-coverts, fore part of cheeks,
and a large throat-spot black ; hinder part of cheeks, lower throat,
and breast pale orange-buff; remainder of under surface of body
white, with a tinge of orange-buff on the flanks ; thighs grey ; under
wing-covcrts and edge of wing dark grey ; axillaries white ; quiUs
dark brown below, ashy along the edge of the inner web. Total
length 5'7 inches, culmen (i-,"),'), wing 2-9, tail 2-7, tarsus 0-7.

Adult female. Similar to the m.ale, but having the orange-buff of

420 lir3CICAPID.K.

the breast mucli paler and inclining to white. Total length 5-7
inches, culnien 0-G, wing 2-So, tail 2-7, tarsus 0-05.
Hah. Obi group of islands, Moluccas.

a. S ad. sk. Obi, Aug. 7, 18G7 Leyden Museiun [P.].

( Von Rosenberg).

b. 5 ad. sk. Obi Lattoe, A.ug. 8, 1862 Le\den Museum [P.].

{Dr. Bernstein).

9. Piezorhynchus bimaculatus.

Mouareba biraaculata, Graij, P. Z. S. 18(30, p. 352 ; id. Hand-l B. i.

p. .320, uo. 4709.
Monarcba bimaculatus, Suivad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 768

(1875).

Adult male (type of species). General colour above dark slaty
grey, the wings black ; upper tail-coverts and tail black, the three
outer feathers tipped with white, increasing in extent towards the
outermost ; forehead, feathers above and below the eye, and ear-
coverts black ; a spot at angle of mouth and throat black also ; cheeks
and sides of throat and fore neck rusty orange, becoming paler on
the sides of the body ; breast and centre of body and under tail-
coverts whitish, with a fulvous tinge ; thighs blackish ; under wing-
coverts white, somewhat tinged with rusty. Total length 6 inches,
culmen 0-G5, wing 2-85, tail 2-55, tarsus 0"65.

Young. Uiifcrs from the adult in wanting the black on the fore-
head, face, and throat, the forehead being, like the crown, slightly
hoary ; ear- coverts grey, like the crown ; feathers in front of the
eye, cheeks, throat, and chest orange-nifous, the chin grey : wings
and tail browner than in the adult.

A slight variation takes place in the colour of the under surface
in this species, some individuals being nearly white, others distinctly
washed with rufous.

Hal). Batchian, Gilolo, Morty Island.

a, b. (S ad. sk. Batchian. A. Pi. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

(Tvpes of species.)

c. Ad. ; d. .luv. sk. Batchian. A. R" Wallace, Esq. [C.l.
e,f. Ad. ; ff. Jiiv. sk. Gilolo. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C .
h, i, k. Ai sk. Morty Island. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.J.

10. Piezorhynchus melanopterus.

Monarcba nielauoptera, Gray, F. Z. S. 1858, p. 178 ; id. Cat. B.
New Guinea, ^.2^; Finsch, NeurGuinea,^. 160; Gray, Hand-l. B.
i. p. 320, no. 4802.

Adult male (type of species). G-eneral colour above dark ashy
grey, the least wing-coverts like the back ; remainder of the wing-
coverts blue-black, contrasting strongly with the back ; quills brown,
externally edged with grey, the inner secondaries almost entirely
grey : upper tail-coverts and tail-feathers black, the three outermost
broadly tipped with white, increasing in extent towards the outer-

ti]. PIEZOKHYXCHTJS. 421

most ; forehead, lores, feathers above aud below the eje, ear-coverts,
feathers at base of lower inaudible, and throat blue-black ; behind
the ear-coverts a white line running down the sides of the head ;
cheeks, sides of throat, and under surface of body bright orange-
rufous ; centre of breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts white ;
thighs dusky grey ; under wing-coverts white, those near the edge
of the wing black ; quills ashy brown below, edged with pale fulvous
along the inner web. Total length 5-8 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3,
tail 2-9, tarsus 0-75,

Hah. Louisiade archipelago.

a. (S ad. sk. Round Island, J. Macgillivray, Esq. [P.].

Louisiade archipelago. (Type of species.)

11. Piezorhynchns dichrous.

Muscicapa manadensis, Quoi/et Gaim. Voy. de F Astral. Zool. i. p. 170,

pi. 3. fig. 3 ; Oustal. Bull. Soc. PMlom. 1878, p. 58.
Hypothymis maurtdensis, Bp. C. R. xxxviii. p. 652, note ; Walden,

Tr. Z. S. vii. p. QQ.
Monarcha dichroa; Gray, P. Z. S. 18.59, p. lo6 ; ul. P. Z. S. 1861 ,

p. 435 ; Finsch, Xeu-Guinea, p. 169; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 320,

no. 4796.
Myiagra menadensis, Gray, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 352 ; id. Iland-l. B. i.

p. 328, no. 4921.
Monarcha dichrous, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 819, x.

p. 132.

Adult (type of species). General colour above glossy purplish
black; wings and tail entirely black, edged with the same purplish
black as the back ; sides of face, sides of neck, and entire throat
and fore neck purplish black, like the upper surface, the plumes of
the latter tipped with white where they adjoin the breast, which,
with the rest of the under surface is white ; thighs black ; under
wing-coverts white, those along the edge of the wing black ; quills
ashy black, lighter along the edge of the inner web ; " biU black ;
feet ashy; iris black" (D'Albcrtis). Total length 6-9 inches,
culmen 0-6.5, wing 3-2, tail 2-95, tarsus 0-7.

Adult female. Diifers from the male in being more cindery black
with a distinct gloss, instead of being purplish black. Total length
6-2 inches, wing 3-2.5, tail 2-7, tarsus 0-7.

An individual marked " male " by Laglaize is like the adult
female, but has hoary edgings to the feathers of the throat and
crown. It is probablj' a young male, but shows no other signs of
immaturity.

Hah. New Guuiea.

a. Ad. sk. New Guinea. A. R. \N''allace, Esq. [C.].

( Type of species.)

b, c. (5 2 ad. .«k. Amberbaki, New Guinea. M. Laglaize I C.J.
d. cS jun. sk. Auiberbaki, New Guinea. M. L.iglaizo [O.J.

422 MUscicAPiD-?:.

12. Piezorhynchus verticalis.

Monarcha verticalis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 99, pi. xiv. fig. 1.

A'hdf. Above black ; nimp, primary-coverts, median, and all of
the secondaries ■U'liite ; frontal plumes, sides of face and region of
the eye, and entire throat black, rather inclined to stand out, pro-
ducing a somewhat scaly appearance ; a white band across the
crown composed of similar plumes ; abdomen and under wing-
coverts white ; bill and feet black. Total length 6 inches, wing 3-3,
tail 2-11. (Sclahr.)

Hah. Duke of York Island.

13. Piezorhynchus guttulatus.

Muscicapa guttula, Garnot, Voy. CoquUIe, Zool. i. p. 591, pi. Ifi.

tig- 2.
Monai'cha guttata. Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 260.
Monarcha guttula, Bp. Consp. i. p. 826 ; Grm/, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 177 ;

id. Cat. B. Keic Guinea, p. 29; id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 435 ; Mnsch,

Xeu-Guinea, p. 169 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 320, no. 4789.
Monarcha griseogularis. Gray, P.Z. S. 1858, p. 177 ; id. Cat. B.New

Guinfa, p. 29 ; Finsch, Neu- Guinea, p. 169 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i.

p. 320, no. 47! )0.
Monarcha guttulatus, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 768 ;

Salvad. ^- D' Albert, t. c. p. 818 ; Salmd. op. cit. ix. p. 24, x. p. 132 ;

Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 497.

Adult male. General colour above ashy grey with a slight bluish
gloss ; least wing-coverts and innermost greater coverts like the
back ; remainder of wing-coverts blue-black with large white ter-
minal spots ; quills brown, exteniallj' edged with aslij' grey, the
inner secondaries washed with the latter colour ; upper tail-coverts
and tail blue-black, the four outer feathers tipped broadly with
white, decreasing in extent towards the centre of the tail ; a broad
frontal band, lores, feathers above the eye, sides of face, ear-coverts,
and throat glossy blue-black, of a velvety texture ; sides of neck and
feathers running up behind the ear, and the entire under surface of
body white, the flanks slightly shaded with grey ; thighs black ;
under wing-coverts white, the edge of the wings black ; quills ashy
brown below, paler along the edge of the inner web ; " bill pearl-
grey ; feet clear ashy ; iris black '" (D'Alhertis). Total length
6-5 inches, culmen 0-7, wing 3-1, tail 2-8, tarsus 0-6o.

The male described is from Mysol ; another in equally fine
plumage has only one row of white spots on the median wing-
coverts, none on the greater series. These spots also vary in size
greatly : and as they are absent in the young bird, it is probable that
the two rows of spots on the coverts are an indication of perfect
plumage.

Yoruig. Differs from the adult in having the throat ashy, with a
cx^rtain amount of black on the malar region ; there is no black on
the forehead and sides of face, these being ashy like the upper parts ;
the wing-ooverts are also ashy like the back, and have no white

61. PIEZ0RHY\CHU3. 423

spots at all ; white tips to tlie tail-feathers also smaller. Wing
2-8 inches, tail 2'7, tarsus 0"Go. In the quite immature bird
{M. c/nseif/idaris of Gray) the breast is tinged with rusty orange.
Hub. New Guinea, Aru Islands, Mysol, Waigiou.

a. Ad. sk. Moinile, near Port Moresby, 0. C. Stone, Esq. [C.].

S.E. New Guinea.

b. (S ad. sk. Karons, New Guinea, April M. Laglaize [C.].

1877.

c. d. cJ ad. sk. Aru Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.l
e. cJ juv. sk. Aru Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.J.

(Type of 31. griseigxdai-is.)

f, g. S ad. sk. Mysol. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

'h, i. 2 juv. sk. M^ysol. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.1

k. S ad. sk. Waigiou. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.J.

14. Piezorhynchus morotensis.

Adult femde. General colour above slaty grey ; wings dark brown,
the coverts deep black : upper tail-coverts and tail black, the two
outer feathers broadly tipped with white ; a broad frontal band of
black ; sides of face, feathers above the eye, and car-coverts pur-
plish black ; fore part of cheeks and throat also purplish black, not
extending to the jugular region and ending in a point ; hinder
part of cheeks and sides of neck, as well as entire under surface
of body from the jugulum downwards, pure white ; thighs black ;
under wing-coverts and axillaries white, excepting the ones near
the edge of the wing, which form a black patch. Total length
6 inches, culmen O"fio, wing 2'95, tail 2*7'5, tarsus 0*65.

Hah. Morotai or Morty Island, Moluccas.

a. 2 ad. sk. Morty Island. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

15. Piezorhynchus leucotis.

Monarcha leucotis, Gould, P. Z. S. 18-50, p. 101 ; id. B. Amtr. Sii]>pl.
]il. 10 ; Grag, Cat. B. Xew Guinea, p. 30 ; id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 435;
Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 169; Gould, Ilandb. B. Austr. i. p. 264;
Grag, Hand-l. B. i. p. 320, no. 4792; Batnsag, Pr. Linn. Sac.

N. S. W. ii. p. 182.

Adult. General colour above glossy black, the upper tail-coverts
white ; tail black, all but the four centre feathers tipped with white,
increasing greatly in extent towards the outermost, which has a
veiy broad white end, even extending some way up the outer web ;
wings black, the coverts broadly tipped with white, the innermost
median and greater ones pure white, forming a large patch ; the
inner secondaries broadly edged with white on their outer webs ;
sides of face black, with the exception of the ear-coverts, which are
white, as well as a spot in front of the eye and another larger one
above the ear-coverts, from which it is separated by a narrow line
of black ; throat white, with more or less concealed black bases ;
rest of under surface of body light ashy, the abdomen and under

424 muscicapid.t:.

tail-coverts white, as well as a narrow prajpectoral collar, the latter
not distinctly marked ; thighs black ; under wing-covcrts and axil-
laries ash)- white, as also the inner edges to the quills. Total
length 5'7 inches, culmcn 0'55, wing 2-85, tail 2-7, tarsus 0'7.
Hah. Louisiadc archipelago and North-eastern Australia.

a. Ad. St. Loiiisiade Islands. J. Macgillivray, Esq. [C.].

b. Ad. sk. Cape York, N.E. J. Gould, Esq.

Australia. (1'ype of species.)

16. Piezorhynchus pileatus.
Monarcha pileatus, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. xii. p. 322,

Adult male (Weda, Halmahera, Jan. 13, 1863, Bernstein ; type
of species). General colour above glossy purplish black, becoming
white on the rump, the upper tail-coverts pure white ; tail-feathers
black, the three outer ones with white tips, more extended on the
outermost ; wings black, with a large white patch on the coverts
formed by the innermost of the least and median series being
entirely white ; the inner greater coverts externally white, and some
of the inner secondaries white along the outer web, forming a bar
down the wing : scapulars white, and some of the innermost secon-
daries white at the base ; across the hinder part of the crown abroad
white band ; round the neck a white coUar ; sides of face and throat
black, with a white spot in front of the eye and a white band across
the throat ; ear-coverts white ; remainder of under surface of body
white, with a slight greyish shade on the chest and sides : thighs
black ; under wing-coverts and axillaries white ; quills dark brown
below, whiter along the edge of the inner web. Total length 5-1
inches, culmen 0-o5, wing 2-6, tail 2-35, tarsus 0-6. (Mus. Luc/d.)

Younij male (Weda, Jan. 13, 1863, Bernstein). Nearly uniform
blackish above, the upper tail-coverts white ; tail brownish black,
the three outer feathers ^-ith white tips, as in the male ; no white
bar across the head, nor a white coUar round the neck ; ear-coverts,
lores, and feathers below the eye and on the anterior part of the
cheeks dull white, mostly shaded with ashy ; an indistinct eyebrow
of ashy grey, with white bases to the feathers ; sides of neck also
ashy, obscuring the white bases ; underneath, the body is ashy grey,
the" throat white, shading into fawn-colour on the lower part, the
centre of the abdomen, under tail-coverts, thighs, and under wing-
coverts white ; wings above bro^^^ler than in the adult ; the median
coverts broadly tipped with white, the innermost of this series and
the innermost greater coverts entirely white, some few of them
edged with blackish ; the inner secondaries edged with buff. Total
length 5-2 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 2*5, tail 2-1, tarsus 0-55.
{Mus. Liujd.)

The foregoing specimen is marked by the late Dr. Bernstein as a
male, but might possibly be the adult female. The adult male is not
in "ood condition, and it is difficult to make out the exact distribution
of the white tracts of feathers.

Hah. Island of Halmahera or Gilolo. in the Moluccas.

01. I'lKZOKiiYNCnus. 425

17. Piezorhynclius loricatus.

Monarcba loricata, WallMe, P. Z. S. 18G.3, p. 2d, pi. 6 ; Finsch, Neu-

Guinea, p. 160 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 320, no. 4801.
Mouarcha loricatus, Salvad. Ann. 3Ius. Civic. Gcnov. viii. p. 377.

Adult male (tj'pe of species). General colour glossy black, the
wliig-coverts resembling the back ; greater series and quills black,
externally broadly edged with glossy black ; two centre tail-feathers
black, with a small amount of white at the extreme base, the next
one on each side black, with a great patch of white along the inner
web, the rest white, with a band of black at the tip, this band gra-
dually diminishing in size towards the outermost feathers, which
are entirely white ; sides of face, feathers at fore angle of cheeks,
and entire throat black, the plumes of the latter rounded and scale-
like ; remainder of cheeks, sides of neck, and entire under surface
pure white ; thighs black ; under wing-coverts white, those near the
edge of the wing black ; quills black below, with a good amount of
white along the inner web of the innermost secondaries : " bill and
feet lead-colour, the tip of the bill and edges of mandibles pale
horny ; iris dark " ( Wallace. MS.). Total length 7"3 inches, culmen
0-6, wing 3-55, tail 3'3, tarsus 0-75.

Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 7*3 inches,
culmen 0'65, wing 3*25, tail 3, tarsus 0*75.

Obs. The black tips to the tail seem to vary in extent according
to the age of the bird, sometimes the three outer tail-feathers being
entirely white.

Young. Different from the adult. Brown above, with more or
less of an ashy shade on the head, the forehead tinged with rusty ;
feathers round the eye dark ashy ; in front of the ej'e a triangular
spot of bufty white ; ear-coverts dusky brown ; cheeks, sides of neck,
and under surface of body rich rusty buff; wings brown like the
back ; tail blackish, the outer feathers rusty brown, with more or
less brownish-black edges.

Another young bird is similarly coloured, but has a good many
black feathers appearing, and the throat is blackish.

Ilab. Island of Bourn, in the Moluccas.

a,b. J $ ad. sk. Bourn. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

(Types of species.)
c. Ad. sk. Bouru. A. R. Wallace, Esq. fC.].

d,e. Juv. sk. Bouru. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.]-

18, Piezorhynchus leucurus.

Monarcha leucura, Gray, P. Z. S. 18o8, p. 178, et 1861, p. 435 ; id.
Cat. B. New Guinea, p. 29; Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 1G9; Gray,
Hatid-L B. i. p. 320, no. 4791.

Adult male (type of species). General colour above glossy blue-
black ; wing-coverts like the back, greater sei'ies and quills black,
with edgings of blue-black ; four centre tail-feathers black, the
next one on each side white, with a large basal patch and a tip of

VOL. IV. 2 p

426 MUSCICAPID.'K.

black, all the others pure white excepting a more or less concealed
basal spot of black ; sides of face, sides of neck, and entire throat
black, lilie the upper surface : remainder of under surface of body
pure white, including also the nuder wing-coverts and the inner
margin of the quills ; " bill and feet leaden blue " ( Wallace, MS.).
Total length 6-3 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3-05, tail 2*9, tarsus 0-7.
Rab. Xe Islands, in the Moluccas.

o. cj ad. sk. K^ Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

(Type of species.)
b. cS ad. ; c. ^ juv. sk. Ke Islands. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

19. Piezorhynchus infelix.

Monarcha infelix, Sc/ah-r, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 552,

Adult male (Admiralty Islands, Murray, Yoy. of H.M.S. ' Chal-
lenger ' ; type of species). General colour above blue-black ; wings
black, with a large patch of white, formed by the median coverts
and the tips to the inner lesser coverts ; tail-feathers pure white,
the centre feathers broadly edged with black towards the tip, which
is also black ; from behind the eye a white streak, widening out
into a triangular jiatch on the sides of the neck ; ear-coverts, sides
of face, throat, and chest black ; remainder of under surface white,
the thighs black, edged with white ; under wing-coverts and axil-
laries white, the lower series black, edged with white ; quills black
below. Total length 6 inches, wing 3-1, tail 2-9, tarsus 0-55.

Hah. Admiralty Islands.

20. Piezorhynchus axillaris.

Monarcha axillaris, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 921.

Adult male (Mount Arfak ; type of species). General colour above
and below glossy blue-black ; wing-coverts blackish, edged with
glossy blue- black, like the back ; tail black ; under wing-coverts and
axillaries pure white, the latter forming a conspicuous patch on each
side of the breast. Total length 5-7 inches, cidmen 0-5, wing 3*2,
tail 2-95, tarsus 0-75. {Mus. Genov.)

Female (not quite adult ; Andai). Differs from the male in being
dark slate-colour above and below, with a slight bluish gloss, the
breast brown (apparently remains of young plumage) ; wing brownish
black ; tail black. Total length 6 inches, wing 3"1, tail 2-9, tarsus
0-7. (Mus. Civic. Genov.)

Hah. North-western New Guinea.

a. cf ad. sk. Arfak Mountains {Brui/n). Leyden Museum [P.].

21. Piezorhynchus brehini.

n,Schl. N. T.D. iv. p. 14 (ex J
Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 709.

Adult male. General colour above velvety blue-black, as well as

Monarcha brehmi, Schl. N. T. D. iv. p. 14 (ex Von Rosenberg, MS.)
Beccari, Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 709.

Gl. riEzoRHi'Ncncs. 427

the sides of the face, throat, and chest ; above the eye a spot of
straw-j-ellow ; from behind the upper part of the eye a broad streak
of straw-yellow, running above the ear-coverts ; wings velvety black,
like the back, all the median and greater wing-coverts (except the
extreme outer ones of both series) straw-yellow, forming a conspi-
cuous patch ; inner secondaries also pale straw-yellow, nearly white
on their outer webs ; iipper tail-coverts and tail (imperfect) straw-
yellow, the centre feathers black at the ends, tliis increasing in ex-
tent towards the middle of the tail ; under surface of body, from the
chest downwards, straw-yellow, including the under wing-coverts
and axillaries ; thighs black at tarsal bend. Total length 6"4 inches,
culmen O'(5o, wing 8"r55, tail 2-8, tarsus 0'7. (Mux. Civic. Genov.)
Hah. Island of Misori. in the Bay of (leelvink.

22. Piezorhynchiis chrysomelas.

Muscicapa clirvsomela, Gam. Vuy. de la Coqinlle, Zool. i. p. 594,

Atlas, pi. 18.' fig. 2.
Monarcha chi-ysomela, Sivai}is. Classif. B. ii. p. 257 ; id. Nat. Libr.

Flyc. p. 142; pi. 14; dray, Gen. B.'i. p. 260; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1877,

p. '100.
Arses chiysomelas, Lesson, Traite, p. 387 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 32G.
Monarcha cordeusis, Cab. ^- Reichen. J.f. O. 1876, p. .320.

Adult male (New Ireland, G. Brown). General colour above
bright orange-yellow, more brilliant on the head ; mantle glossy
black, the adjoining feathers of the upper interscapulary region
somewhat shaded witli black ; wings black, the lesser, median, and
greater coverts orange-yellow, like the scapulars, the greater series
black on the inner web ; bastard wing and primary-coverts black ;
tail black ; a narrow frontal line, lores, feathers in front of the eye,
extending halfway above the latter, and below it upon the fore part
of the ear-coverts, clieeks, and throat glossy blue-black ; below the
eye a white spot ; sides of face, sides of neck, and undcrparts of
body bright orange-yellow ; thighs black ; under wing-coverts
rather paler yellow ; quills black below, white along the edge of the
inner web. Total length 5 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 2-9, tail 2"4o,
tarsus 0-7. {Mii^. Marquis of Ttveeddale.)

Hah. New Ireland,

23. Piezorliynclius kordensis.

Monarcha kordensis, Mci/vr, Sitz. k. Akud. Wiiisemch, Wien, Ixix.
p. 202; Salvud. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vi. p. 310; Guidd, B.
New Guinea, part v.

Adidt male. General colour above orange-yellow, the mantle only
glossy blue-black ; wing-coverts orange-yellow, like the back, the
greater coverts with the inner web black, the outer ones black,
tipped with yellow, the outermost entirely black, like the primary-
coverts : quills black, the inner secondaries externally yellow, in-
creasing in extent towards the back, where they are entirely yellow.

o P •> ' '

428 muscicai'iu.t:.

with black bases to the inner webs ; tail black ; head and neck fiery
orange, including the sides of the neck and hinder part of ear-
coverts ; a frontal line, lores, feathers all round the eye and below
it, cheeks, throat, and fore neck glossy blue-black, the feathers
somewhat scaly in appearance; remainder of under surface rich
orange- yellow ; thighs black ; under wing-coverts rather paler
orange-yellow ; edge of wmg black ; quills dusky blackish below,
with pale yellow edgings to the inner webs. Total length 6 inches,
culmen 0-65, wing 3-05, tail 2-5, tarsus 0-8. (Mas. Civic. Genov.)

Adult female. Different from the male. Upper surface of body
olive-brown, with somewhat of a yellow tinge, the upper tail-coverts
bright yellow ; head, sides of face, and underparts orange-yellow,
inclining to fiery orange on the head, which is somewhat mottled
with dusky olive tips to the feathers ; wing-coverts dull-brown,
edged with yellow, very broadly on the median series ; quills dull
brown, edged with olive, the inner secondaries with yellow ; tail
brown, shaded with olive, especially on the outer webs. Total
length 5-7 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 2-9, tail 2-5, tarsus 0-75. {Mus.
Civic. Genov.)

Hub. Island of Misori, in the Bay of Geelvink.

a. (S ad. sk. Misori (Von Rosenherfj). Leyden Museum [P.].

24. Piezorhynchus aruensis.

Monarcha chrysomela {nee Gam.), Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 177, et 1861,

p. 435; id. J3. Netv Guinea, p. 30; Finsch, Nm-Guinea, p. 169;

Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 320, no. 4805.
Monarcha aruensis, Salvad. Ann. Mvs. Civic. Genov. vi. p. 309;

Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 497.
Monarcha melanonota, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 100 ; Goidd, B. Neto

Guinea, part v.

Adult male (type of species). Lower back, mantle, and scapulars
black; rump and upper tail-coverts bright yellow; tail entirely
black ; wings black, with a large patch of yellow, formed by the
least, median, and inner greater wing-coverts being entirely yellow,
the outer greater coverts black, with a yellow tip ; innermost secon-
daries broadly edged with yellow ; crown of head and nape orange-
yellow, the black feathers of the upper mantle adjoining having
also slight yellow margins ; a narrow frontal line, lores, feathers
above and below the eye, cheeks and fore part of ear-coverts, and
entire throat glossy blue-black ; in front of the eye a patch of
white ; hinder part of ear-coverts, sides of neck, and entire under
surface of body bright yellow ; thighs black ; under wing-coverts
yellowish white, edge of wing black ; quills dusky blackish below,
edged with whitish along the inner web. Total length 5-4 inches,
culmen 0-55, wing 2-65, tail 2-25, tarsus 0-65. {Mus. Genov.)

Adult female. General colour above olive-green, slightly yellower
on the head and rump ; wings and tail ashy brown, the feathers
edged with olive-grccn ; .sides of face olive-green, tlie ear-coverts
slightly more dusky ; below the fore part of the eye a spot of white ;

(!2. MONARCHA. 429

throat and breast dull yellow, washed with olive, the cheeks and
chin dusky ash-colour ; ahdoraeu and under tail-coverts bright
yellow, the flanks and thighs washed with olive-greenish ; under
wing-coverts pale yellow ; biU bluish, the tip black ; feet lead-
colour ; iris dark. Total length 5'9 inches, culmcn 0-6, wing 2-65,
tail 2*3, tarsus 0"(J5.

06s. Count Salvador! having also lent me a pair of birds from
New Guinea (Dorey <5' , Andai $ ), there can be no doubt that the
New-Guinea bird, M. melanonota. Sclater, is the same as the Aru-
Island species, as already suggested by me (J. Linn. Soc. I. c).

Ilab. Ai'u Islands, New Guinea, Waigiou, Mysol.

a, 6. c? ad. ; e, (Z. $ ad. sk. Aru Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

e,f. S ad. sk. Aru Islands ( Von Ley den Museum [P.J.

Rosenberg).

(J. S .id. sk. Waigiou. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.l

h, i. d' ad. ; k. $ ad. sk. Mysol. A. R. Wallace, Esq. fC.].

I. (S ad. sk. Arfak Mountains, Leyden Museum [P.J.

N. W. NewGuinea.

G2. MONARCHA.

Type.

Drymophila, pt., Tenim. PI. Col. (1826, rwc Sw.).
Monarcha, Vic/. ^- Horsf. Tr. I.inn. Soc. xv. p. 254

(1820) . . . .' M. raelanopsis.

Monacha, Sxmins. Monoyr. Flycatchers, p. 140 (c. 1838) M. chrysomelas

Head of Monarcha mclanopsls.

Ranye. Australia, Papuan islands and Moluccas, Timor group,
Mackenzie group.

Keij to the Species.

a. Upper surface uniform, the mantle not dift'eiiug
from the cro^vni in coloiu-.
a'. Forehead .and throat black.

a". Tail and wings not perceptibly darker tliau
the upper surface ; quills dusky brown,
edged with grey, like the back ; abdomen

orange-buff or pale cinnamon nulaiio2}sis, p. 430.

b". Tail and wings black, in strong contrast to the

back ; quills black, without grey edging.

a'". Thighs black ; breast and abdomen deep

chestnut ; the gi'ey of the uppeniarts

and of the chest very pale, /. e. light

pearly grey ; entire throat black 'anesceus, p. 43L

430 MU8C1CAPID.E.

b'". Thiyhs orange, like th<^ rest of tbe under
surface, only the chin and upper throat
black ; the lower throat grey, like the

chest frafer, p. 431.

b'. Forehead and throat light grey, like the rest of '
the upper surface, with sometimes a slight
shade of blackish near the nostrils and base of

chin inornatus, p. 431.

b. Upper surface not uniform ; back white in male,
as also the underparts ; head all round, wings,
and tail black : female black, the mantle, sides of
neck, and fore neck white ijochffroyi, p. 432.

1. Monarcha meianopsis.

Muscicapa meianopsis, Vieill. N. Diet. iV Hist. Nat. xxi. p. 450.
Monarcha carinata, Viy. Sf Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 255 ; Gould,

Syn. B. Austr. pt. ii. ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 260 ; Gould, B. Austr.

fol. ii. pi. 95 ; Reiclienb. J'oy. Keuholl. pp. DO, 287 ; Bp. Comi). i.

p. 326; Finsch, Neu-Gtiinea, p. 169; Gould, Hatidb. B. Austr. i.

p. 262 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 320, no. 4786 ; Salvad. ^- 1)' Albert.

Ann. Mus. (jiric. Genov. vii. p. 818 ; Snlvad. op. at. ix. p. 24 :

Ramsay, Juurn. Linn. Soc. N. &. W, i. p. 391, ii. p. 182 ; Sharpe,

Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 497.
Muscipeta carinata, Swai)is. Zool. Illustr. ser. l,iii. pi. 116.
Drymophila carinata, Temm. PI. Col. iii. pi. 418. fig. 2.
Monarcha inoruata {nee Gam.), Gould, Syn. B. Austr. part ii.
Monarcha meianopsis, Salvin, Cat. Strickl. Mus. p. 136.

Adult male. General colour above ashy grey ; wing-coverts like
the back ; quiUs dusky broMTi edged with grey, the inner secon-
daries entirely grey like the back ; tail ashy brown, washed with
grey, a broad frontal band of black ; round the eye a ring of black
feathers ; lores, feathers at base of bill, and entire throat black ;
car-coverts hoary grey, extending forwards under and in front of
the eye, and occupying the hinder cheeks and sides of neck, and then
deepening into darker grey on the fore neck and chest, across which
it forms a broad band ; breast and remainder of under surface, in-
cluding the under wing- and tail-coverts, light orange-buff; edge of
wing black ; quills ashy below, light fulvous along the edge of the
inner web ; " bill pearl-grey, with white margins ; feet dull lead-
colour or ashy ; iris black or chestnut-brown " {D Alhertis). Total
length 6-8 inches, culmen 0-7, wing 3-35, tail 2-9, tarsus 0-75.

Adult fenude. Differs from the male in wanting the black fore-
head and throat, all of these parts being entirely grey, with a
whitish shade before the eye and at the angle of the mouth ; wing-
coverts and quills narrowly edged with ochraceous yellow. Total
length 6*6 inches, wing 3-35, taU 2-85, tarsus 0*8.

}/ab. Australia ; S.E. Jfew Guinea.

a. (S ad. St. Australia.

b. 2 ad. St. Australia. J. Gould, Esq. [P.].

c. 5 ad. sk. Port Moresby, S.E. New Guinea. O. C. Stone, Esq. [C.].

d. (S ad. sk. S.E. New Guinea. Dr. James [C.].

02. MOXARCQA. 431

2. Monarcha cauescens.
Monarclia canescons, Salmd. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 'J91.

Adult male (type of species). General colour above light pearly
grey ; the sides of the face, feathers round the eye, sides of neck, and
a broad band across the chest, somewhat more hoary and whitish
grey than the breast ; frontal band, throat, and a ring round the
eye black ; remainder of under surface of body orange-chestnut ;
thighs black, as are also the bases to some of the under tad-coverts ;
under wing-coverts and axillaries light chestnut, with more than
the basal half ashy grey ; small coverts near the edge of the wing
black ; wings above black, the greater coverts and primary-coverts
tipped with pcai-ly grey, some of the least ones entirely pearl-grey,
as also are the inner, greater, and median coverts, and the inner-
most secondaries ; tail blackish ; " biU greyish pearl-colour, with
whitish edges; feet dull bluish; iris black" (D'Albertis). Total
length G-4 inches, culmen 0'G5, wing 3'4, tail 2-9, tarsus 0-7. {Mus.
Civic. Genov.)

Hub. Cape York peninsula, N".E. Australia.

3. Mouarcha frater.

Monarcha frater, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 691 ; Salvad. Ann. Mus.
Civic. Genov. x. p. lo2.

Adult inuile. General colour above light ashy grey, the least and
inner median and greater coverts like the back ; rest of the wing-
coverts and quills black, the inner secondaries externally washed
with ashy grey ; tail black ; a broad band of blue-black across the
forehead ; feathers round and in front of the eye hoary white, the
sides of face, cheeks, sides of neck, throat, and chest lighter ashy
grey than the back, the black colour confined to the chin and upper
part of the throat, lores, and feathers at the angle of the mouth ;
rest of under surface of body rich cinnamon-buff, including the
under wing-coverts and axillaries, the small coverts round the edge
of the wing black ; quills ashy black below, lighter and more gi'ey
along the edge of the inner web ; " bill ashy ; feet black ; iris
chestnut " (D'Albertis). Total length 6-4 inches, culmen 0*7, wing
3'35, tail 2*7, tarsus 0-7. (Mus. Genuv.)

Ifab. North-western Js'ew Guinea, Arfak ilouutaius.

4. Monarcha inornatus.

Muscicapa iuornata, Gam. Voy. Cnquilk, Zool. i. p. 591, pi. IG. fig. 2.
DryuiopLila cii.erasceus, Temni. PL Col. ill. pi. 430. fig. '2.
Monarcha cinerascens, Grai/, Gen. B. i. p. 260; Pp. Cy^s/J. i. p. 326;

Gray, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 351, et 1861, p. 435 ; Wall. P. Z. S 1862,

p. 341, 1803. p. 485 ; Fiiisch, Neu-Guiuea, p. 109; Graii, Hand-l.

B. i. p. 320, no. 4787.
Monarcha inoruata. Gray, P. Z. S. 18-58, p. 177, et 1861 , p. 435 ; id. Cat.

B. Neic Guinea, p. 29 ; Finsch. Neii-Guinea, p. 169 ; Gray, Hand-l.

B. i. p. 320, no. 4788 ; Salvad, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 83.
Monarcha inornata, Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 485.

432

JiCSCICAPID^.

Monarclia conimutatiX, Briiyg. Abhandl. Nat. Ver. Brem. v. p. 68.
Monarclia fulviventris, Hartl. P, Z. IS. 18G7, p. 8i>U ; Grmj, Hand-l.
B. i. p. a20, uo. 47'J5.

Adult male. General colour above clear ashy grey, the least and
iunermost of the median and greater coverts like the back : rest of
the coverts and quiUs blackish, edged with ashy grey, the inner
secondaries more broadly ; tail diiskj- blackish, washed with ashy
grey, especially on the edges of the feathers ; sides of head and neck,
entire throat, and fore neck light ashy grey, rather paler than the
upper surface ; a slight blackish shade at the base of the nostrils
and OQ the chin ; rest of under surface bright orange-chestnut ;
thighs greyish, slightly washed with rufous ; under wing-coverts
grey, somewhat tinged with rufous ; axillaries orange-chestnut,
like the breast ; quills ashy below, grey along the edge of the inner
web ; " bill pale lead-colour, the tips white ; feet blue lead-colour ;
iris dark" (Wallace, MS.). Total length 7"3 inches, culmen 0-75,
wing 3-3, tail 3, tarsus 0-75.

Adult female. Similar to the male, but duller in colour, beiug
darker ashy grey on the upper surface and throat, the lower throat
slightly washed with rufous, the belly being much paler chestnut ;
quills blackish brown, narrowly margined with pale rufous, as also
are the greater coverts. Total length G-6 inches, wing3"05, tail 2*7,
tarsus 0*7.

Hah. Timor group of islands ; Sula Islands ; Moluccas ; Aru
Islands,

a. Ad. St. Timor.

b. Ad. sk. East Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.l.
c,d. [ cf ? ] ad. sk. Mysol. A. R. Wallace, Esq. IcI.
e,f. (S 2 ad. sk. Aru Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].
g. (S ad. sk. Goram. A. R.Wallace, Esq. [C.".
h. c? ad. sk. Ternate. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.".
». Ad. sk. Sula Islands. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

5. Monarcha godeffroyi.

Monarcha godeffi-oyi, Hartl. P. Z. &'. 18G7, p. 829, pi. 38; Gray,
Hand-l. B. i. p. 321, no. 4810.

Adult male (type of species). General colour above white, from
the hind neck to the rump and including the scapulars ; wings
black, the quills browner ; upper tail-coverts and tail black ; head
all round black, including the lower throat : sides of neck and rest
of under surface, from the fore neck downwards, pure white ; thighs
and under tail-coverts black ; under wing-coverts black ; quills ashy
blackish below, white along the inner edge of the primaries ; " bill
entirely blue ; feet whitish blue ; iris black " (K^ihary, MS.). Total
length 6-6 inches, culmen U'75, wing 3-45, tail 3, tarsus 0-95.
{Mus. Godejfroy.)

Adidt female. Entirely black, excepting the hind neck and upper
mantle, sides of neck, lower throat, and fore neck, which are pure
white. Total length 6-2 inches, culmen 0-65, wing 3-1, tail 2-9,
tarsus 1.

63. PELTOPS.

433

Voim,/. Above brown, the bead and hind neck ashy erev the
scapulars rufescent at the tips, the rump rufous, becoming paler and
more fulvous on the upper tail-coverts ; wing-coverts dusky brown
broadly edg-ed externally with rufous-buft; becoming fulvous on the
median and greater coverts; quills dark brown, externally edged
with rufous, the primaries narrowly, the secondaries more broadly,
the innermost of the latter edged and tipped with buff ; tail-feathers
ashy bro^vn, narrowly edged with ochraceous brown and tipped
with white, more broadly on the outer feathers ; lores and a broad
eyebrow rufous-buff ; ear-coverts rather deeper rufous, shading on
to the sides of the throat; under surface of body light cinnamon-
rufous, inclining to fulvous on the throat and under tail-coverts •
under wing-coverts light cinnamon, like the breast; quills li-^ht
brown below, whitish along the inner web ; " bill horn-colour the
point brown under mandible paler; feet dirty white ; iris black"
(Rulxmj, MS.). Total length 6-6 inches, culmen 0-7, wing 3-25
tail 3, tarsus 1. ' & >

. ffab. Island of Uap, Mackenzie group.

6. Juv. sk. Island of Uap (Kubanj). Godeffroy Museum.

63. PELTOPS.

Peltops, Wa</ler, Isis, 1829, p. 63C. p bkinvilbi

Lrolla, Lesson, Traite cVOni, p. 260 (1831) .... ' ' p" bla v '

Platystonuis, Swains. Classif. £. ii. p. 201 (1837) ....:: R blSinvillii;

Range. Confined to New Guinea, Mysol, and Waigiou.
1. Peltops blainvillii.

Euylaimus blainviUei, Gurmt, Vo,/. de la Coquille, Zool. i. p 595
pi. 19. fig. 2; Fimch, Neu-Gtmiea,-p. 160 '

Peltops blainvillei, Woffkr, Isis, 1829, p. 630; Gra>/, Gen. B i
p. Ob, pi. 22. fig. 2; Bp. Consp \ p. 169; Reichenh. Hanclb.
Merop. p. 69 pi. ccccxl figs 3211, 3212; Scla/er, Journ. Linn.

PZ. S. I8bl, p. 433; Wallace, P. Z. S. 1802, p. 105 • Grau
Hand-l.B. i. p. 319, no. 4785; Salute,; Ibis, 1872, p 177 "^'
P. Z. S. 18/3, p. 090; Gould, Birds of New Gui>m,, pait 1-
Beceari, Ann Mns. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 708 ; Salvad. on. cit ix
p. 23, X. p. 131. ^

Erolla blainviUei, Less. Traite (VOrn. p. 200.

Platystomus blainviUei, Swains. Classif. B. ii v ''>01 • id V„f
Hist. Flycatchers, p. 245, pi. 31. ' ^' ' "^•

Adult General colour above and below glossy black, with somewhat
of a steel-green lustre ; upper margin of eyeHd and the ear-coverts
white ; on the intcrscapulary region also a white patch • rumD
upper and under tad-coverts, and vent bright crimson •' thighs
black : wings and tail black ; under wing-coverls and axillaries
pure white, as also the inner edges to the quills ; - bill feet -ind

434 MCSCICAPIDJi.

eyes black" {D'AJhertis). Total length 7'2 inches, eulincu 0-95,
wing 3-S5, tail 3, tarsus 0'55.

Bab. The same as that of the genus.

a. Ad. sk. New Guinea. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

b. Ad. sk. Waigiou. Purchased.

64. POMAEEA.

Pomarea, Bp. C. li. xx.wiii. p. 050 P. nigi-a.

Range. Society Islands ; Marquesas Islands.

Key to the SjJccies.

fi. Belly black nigra, p. 434.

b. Bell}' chestnut castaneiventris, p. 435.

1. Pomarea nigra.

Muscicapa nigra, Sparrm. Mus. Carls, i. pi. 23; Sundev. Crit, oih.

Sparrm. p. 6.
Luteous Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. p. .342 ( $).
Society Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl. p. 174.
^tuscicapa lutea, Gm. S, N. i. p. 944 {ex Lath.) ; Forster, Descr.

Anhn. p, 162.
Muscicapa maupitiensis, Garn. Voy. Coquille, Zool. i. p. 592.
Muscicapa pomarea, Less. Man. d'Orn. i. p. 193; id. Voy. Coquillr,

Atlas, pi. 18. figs. A, B, C.
Muscicapa atra, Fo7-ster, Descr. Anim. pp. 171, 172.
Monarcha nigra, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 260 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 326 ;

Peak, U.S. Ripl. Ftp. p. 100 ; Hartl Arch. f. Katurg. 1852,

p. 101 ; Cassin, U.S. E.ipl. E.vp. p. 146 ; Gray, Cat. B. Trop.

Isl. Pacific Ocean, p. 19 ; Finsch u. JIartl. Fauna Centralpolyn.

p. 90 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 321, no. 4807.
Pomarea nigra, Bp. C. P. xxxviii. p. 650.
Monarclia mendozfe, Hartl. J. f. O. 1854, p. 170 ; Gray, Hand-l. B.

i. p. 321, no. 4808.

Youjig. General colour above brown, rather fulvescent on the
head and mantle, more chocolate on the rump ; wing-coverts and
quills diill brown, edged with lighter brown than the back ; tail-
feathers dark brown, lighter brown on their margins ; in front of
the eye a large spot of dull white, as also the ring round the eye ;
sides of face and ear-coverts light brown, somewhat tinged with
rufous ; under surface of body buffy white, the sides of the body
washed with rufous-brown and streaked with dark brown ; under
wing-coverts and axillaries light rufous-brown ; quills ashy brown
below, edged with bufiy white along the inner web. Total length
1-6 inches, culmen 0-7, wing 3-4, tail 3, tarsus 1-15.

Adult female (?). Pure white, the tail also, the shafts partly
brown ; bastard wing and primary-coverts black, edged with white ;
primaries brown, broadly edged with white, and white at the base,
increasing in extent on the secondaries, the innermost of which are
white with onlv a mesial line of black : head and neck all round

Go. STOPAROLA. 435

black, extending ujwn the mantle, the feathers of which are mostly
black broadly tipped with white ; breast also black, some of the
feathers edged with dull white ; remainder of under siirface, in-
cluding the axillaries and tail-coverts, pure white ; thighs black ;
under wing-coverts black, the lower ones tipped with white ; quills
for the most part white below, blackish towards their ends. Total
length 6-5 inches, culmen 0*6, wing 3-5, tail 2-1, tarsus 1"05.

Adult male. Entirely black all over, slightly glossy, the breast
somewhat browner, as also the inner webs of the quills ; " bill pale
bluish black ; feet bluish black ; iris bluish black '' {Forster). Total
length 7'5 indies, culmen U-7, wing 3"7, tail 3-25, tarsus I'l.

Hah. Society group of islands ; Marquesas group.

a. cJ ad. sk. Otahiti. Purchased.

h. Ad. sk. Society Islands. Zoological Society.

c. Ad. sk. Marquesas Islands. Purchased.

2. Pomarea castaneiventris. (Plate XI. fig. 2.)

Monarcba castauei\entris, Verr. Eev. et May. de Zool. 1858, p. 304 ;
Gray, B. Trop. Isl. Facif. Ocean, p. 19 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 320,
no. 4793.

Adult male (type of species). General colour above glossy black ;
wings black, the quills somewhat browner ; tail black ; sides of
face, sides of neck, throat, and fore neck glossy black like the upper
surface ; remainder of under surface of body chestnut ; imder
wing-coverts and axillaries chestnut, those near the edge of the
wing black ; quills ashy black below, whitish along the edge of the
inner web. Total length 7 inches, culmen 0"7, wing 3-6, tail 3,
tarsus 0'75.

Hah. Oceania.
a. Ad. sk. [Oceania.] M. Verreaux. (Type

of species.)

65. STOPAROLA. ™

Type.

Stoparola, B!i/th, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 125 (1845) S. melanops.

Eum_\Tias, Cabanis, 3Ius. Hein. Th. i. p. 5.3 (1850) S. indigo.

Glaucomyias, Cabanis, Mas. Hein. Th. i. p. 53, note (1850) S. melanops.

Range. Indian peninsula and Ceylon, ranging eastwards into
China and the Burmese countries ; southwards, through the Ma-
layan peninsula to the Sunda Islands and the Philippines.

Key to the Species.

a. "With the base of the tail white.

a'. Upper tail-coverts black ; upper surface bright

blue ; the forehead, eyebrow, and throat

bright cobalt ; under wing-coverts white . . indigo, p. 436.
h'. Upper tail-co\ i-rts dull blue, like the back,

tue eyebrow, forehead, aud throat scarcely

lighter ; uuder wing-coverts ashy brown,

washed with blue albicaudata, p. 437.

436 JIUSCICAPIII.S.

b. With a great deal of white on the tail, reaching

nearly to the end of the feathers, the four centre
feathers only without any white : size very
large ; wing 3'45 inches ; legs pale concreta, p. 437.

c. With no white base to the tail.

c'. Under tail-coverts blue or green, with broad
white edgings.

a". No black spot on chin ; feathers at base of
nostrils black, as well as a line across the
base of the forehead : size larger ; vsing
3"45 inches melanops, p. 438.

b". Chin black, and also across the base of the

forehead: size smaller; wing S'05 inches, thalasdnoides, p. 439.
d'. Under tail-covei-ts white.

c". General colom- dull verditer-blue, brighter
on the forehead and eyebrow ; ear-coverts
dull verditer-blue ; throat and fore part of
cheeks with silvery tips panai/ensis, p. 440.

d". General colour dull greyish blue, the eye-
brow, forehead, and chin brighter cobalt ;
ear-coverts dull grey, with a sUght greenish
wash sordidd, p. 440.

1. Stoparola indigo.

Muscicapa indigo, Horsf. Tr.Linn.Soc. xiii. p. 14G; id. Zool. Sesearch.

in Java, Birds, pi. 7.
Ilypothvniis indigo, Boie, Isis, 1828, p. 973 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 320 ;

'Horsf. ^- Moore, Cat. B. 3Im. E.I. Co. i. p. 291 ; Sharpe, Tr. Linn.

Soc. new series, i. p. 326.
Niltava indigo, Grui/, Gen. B. i. p. 264 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 325,

no. 4893.
Stoparola indigo, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 127 ; id. Cat. B. Mus. A.

S. B. p. 174.

Adult male. General colour above indigo-blue, rather greener
towards the back and rump ; forehead and feathers over the eye
brio-hter cyaneous or cobalt ; wing-coverts like the back, the least
ones slightly tinged with bright cobalt ; greater coverts and quills
black, externally margined with indigo-blue, more broadly on the
secondaries ; upper tail-coverts black, washed with blue at the tip ;
tail-feathers black, externally edged with blue, all but the two
centre feathers white at the base ; a narrow frontal line, feathers
in front of and round the eye, chin, fore part of cheeks and of ear-
coverts black, the remainder of the ear-coverts deep indigo like the
sides of the neck ; throat brighter blue, more cobalt ; fore neck and
breast indigo, becoming paler on the flanks ; abdomen and under
tail-coverts white ; quills blackish below, white along the edge of
the inner web ; thighs duU blue, with hoary edges ; under wing-
coverts white, the axUlaries washed with bluish, the edge of the
•nnng bright blue. Total length 5*6 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2-9,
tail 2*35, tarsus 0-65.

A young female bears traces of a robin-like plumage, the rump-
feathers having subtenninal spots of pale ochre ; breast and abdo-

Go. STOPAROLA. 437

men mottled with svhite feathers, each of which is edged with dusk)-
brown.

Hah. Java.

rt, 6. d" ad. sk. West Java. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

c.. 5 imm. sk. West Java. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.j.

2. Stoparola albicaudata.

Muscicapa albicaudata, Jerdon, Madi: Juurn. xi. p. 16 ; id. lUustr.

Lid. Om. pi. 14.
Niltava albicaudata, Grai/, Gen. B. i. p. 264 ; id. Ilcind-I. B. i. p. .326,

no. 4894.
Stoparola albicaudata, Blyth.J. A. S. B. x%-i. p. 125; id. Cat. B. Mus.

A. S. B. p. 17o; Hunie, Xests ^- Eqqs Lid. B p. 210 ; Fairb. Str.
j; 1877, p. 402.

Ilypothymis albicaudata, Bp. Consp. i. p. 320 ; Horsf. S; Mowe, Cat,

B. Mus. E.L Co. i. p. 292.

Eumvias albicaudata, ITorsf. S^- Moore, Cat. B. Mm. E.L Co. i. p. 422 ;
Jerd. B. Lid. i.p. 464; Hume, Str. F. 1870, p. 396.

Adult (type of species). General colour above deep indigo-blue,
with a slight eyebrow of lazuline blue ; rump slightly shaded with
brighter blue ; wing-coverts brown, externally lazuline blue; primary-
coverts and quilk dark brown, edged on the outer web with blue ;
tail dark brown, tlie feathers margined with greenish blue and white
at the base of all but the two centre ones, which only have the
shaft white : in front of the eye a black spot ; under surface of body
indigo-blue, inclining to greyish blue on the lower flanks and abdo-
men ; the lower abdomen and vent slightly whitish ; under tail-
coverts dusky, with whitish edges to the feathers ; under wing-
coverts ashy brown, edged with blue, the edge of the wing brighter
blue ; "bill black ; legs black : irides dark brown " (Jerdon). Total
length 6 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 3'05, tail 2-6, tarsus 0'75,

Hab. Southern India.

a. Ad. St. Madras. Dr. Jerdon [P.]. (Type

of species.)
h. Ad. sk. Madras. Dr. Jerdon.

3. Stoparola concreta.

Muscicapa concretus, Miiller, in Van der Hoeven's Tijdschr. 1835,

p. 351.
II}-pothTiTnis concreta, Bp. Consp. i. p. 320.
Myiolestes concreta, Bp. Consp. i. p. 358.

Adult male (type of species). General colour above dark blue, the
wing-coverts like the back, the great ;^r coverts browner, with a few
buft" spots at the tips (remains of young plumage) ; quiUs black,
externally washed with deep blue like the back ; tail dusky black,
slightly washed with blue on the edges, the four outer tail-feathers
for the most part white, increasing in an oblique manner on the
inner feathers, so as to reach nearly to the end of the inner web in

438 MUSCICAPID.E.

the second and third ; forehead and feathers over the eye dull coljalt,
brighter than the head ; a frontal line of black ; nasal bristles, lores,
and feathers in front of and below the eye black ; sides of face and
ear-coverts, as well as the throat and breast, deep blue ; abdomen
and under tail-coverts white, shaded with ash}- grey on the lower
breast and Hanks ; thighs deep blue ; under wing-coverts and axil-
laries ashy grey, with a wash of deep blue ; quills below black.
Total length (5 inches, culmen 0*65, wing 3'45, tail 2'5, tarsus 0'95.
{Mus. Lugd.)

Achdt femaJe. Dillerent from the male. Rufous-brown above;
rump-feathers white ; upper tail-coverts rufous ; tail-feathers rufoiis-
brown, the outer feathers oldiquely white, as in the male ; wings
rufous, the inner webs dusky brown ; lores buffj' white, the feathers
tipped with dusky ; sides of face and ear-coverts rufous, with fulvous
shaft-streaks ; throat rufous-ochre, succeeded by a largo patch of
white on the lower throat ; chest ochraceous brown, as also the sides
of the body ; the abdomen and under tail-coverts pure white, the
former faintly washed with ochre ; under wiug-covcrts ochraceous
brovni ; quills dusky brown below, more ashy along the edge of the
inner webs. Total length 6'2 inches, culmen 0-7, wing 3*o, tail '2-5,
tarsus (yd. (Mus. Lii//d.)

Hah. Sumatra.

4. Stoparola melanops.

Muscicapa melanops, Tigors, P. Z. S. 18ol, p. 171; Gould, Cent.

Hiinal. B. pi. 6 ; Jerd. Madr. Journ. xi. p. l-l
Muscicapa thala.ssina, Swains, [ubi?).
Muscipeta lapis, Less. Rev. Zool. 18.39, p. 104.
Niltava melanops, Gray, Gen. li. i. p. 2C4 ; id. Hatid-l. B. i. p. 32G,

no. 4894.
Hypothymis melanops, Gray, Cat. Mamm. i^r. Nepal Coll. Hodys.

p. 48; Bp. Consp. i. p. 320; Horsf. 8/- Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I.

Co. i. p. 292.
Stoparola tbalassina, Blijth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 125.
Stoparola melanops, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 174 ; Striidi. P. Z. S.

1871, p. 381 ; Hume, Xests and Eqqs Ind. B. p. 208; Adam, Str.

F. 1874, p. 338; Ball, t.c. p. 405"; David ^- Oustai. Ois. Chine,

p. 116; Butler, Str. Feath. 1877, p. 230; Hume ^-Davison, op. cit.

1878, p. 227.
Hypothymis thalassina, Bp. Consp. i. p. 320.
Glaucomyias thalassina. Cab. Mus. Hein. Tb. i. p. 5.3, note.
Glaucomyias melanops, Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 53, note.
Eumvias'melanops, Horsf. cy Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 422;

Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 463 ;" Sioinh. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 289 ; Cock S, Marsh.

Str. F. 1873, p. 352 ; Fairb. Str. F. 1876, p. 257 ; Armst. t. c.

p. 323 ; Hume, t. c. p. 396 ; Blyth f Wald. B. Burm. p. 104.
Niltava thalassina, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 326, no. 4895.
Niltava spilonota, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 326, no. 4898 (descr. nulla).

Adult. General colour above verditer-blue, with a greenish shade
on the back and scapulars ; wing-coverts rather brighter blue than
the back, more cobalt, the quills blackish on the inner web, bright
cobalt on the outer, the inner secondaries almost entirely cobalt;

65. SIOPAROT..V.

439

tail cobalt-blue, greenish on the inner web and black along the
shaft ; feathers in front of the 036 skirting the base of the forehead
black : forehead, feathers over the eye, sides of face, and throat
brighter and more silvery cobalt, of a slight greenish tint ; rest of
under surface of body bright verditer-blue ; under tail-coverts dark
bluish green, broadly edged with white ; thighs bluish green : under
wing-coverts verditer-blue ; quills ashy brown below, edged with
light brownish along the inner web ; " bill, legs, and claws black "
{Hume). Total length 5*8 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 3*45, tail 2-8,
tarsus 0*(j.

Adult female. Similar to the male, but greener in colour. Total
length 6 inches, wing 3-05, tail 2-6, tarsus 0'6.

Toung. Dusky gxey above, washed with greenish ; forehead, eye-
brow, and ear-coverts mottled witli tiny white spots ; under surface
of body dusky grey, mottled with white or ochraccous tips to the
feathers, all of which have a dusky terminal edging ; under wing-
coverts like the breast.

06s. The type of Mr. Gray's N. spilonota is from Xepal. It is a
curious-looking bird, with long triangular dusky centres to the
feathers of the back and breast ; the size also is rather large ; wing
3'6 inches. At the same time it cannot be a distinct species, as I
find the same indications of triangular markings on some birds from
Madras and other localities.

Hah. Indian peninsula, Burmese countries, ranging into Southern
China.

E. M. Langwortby, Esq. [P.l
Capt. Stackhouse Piuwill [P.J.
Capt. C. H. T. Marshall [P.].
Capt. C. H. T. Marshall [P.].

Capt. Biddulph [P.].
Major J. Hayes Lloyd [P.].

Colonel Stui-t [P.].

Capt. C. H. T. Marshall [P.].

B. II. Hodgson, Esq. [P.l
J. Fotheiiiigham, Esq. [C.].
B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.],

(Tvpe of X. spilonotd).
B. If. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].
B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

Dr. J. Anderson [C.].

R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

a,b. S'-<^- 2 *•<!. sk.

Cashmere.

d,e-6;f- S ad.sk.
(/. cj ad. sk.

N.W. Himalayas.

Mm'ree.

h. Ad. sk.

Murree, Julv 25,

1873.

«'. c? ad. sk.

Simla, July 1875.

k. $ ad. sk.

Matheran, Feb. 4,

1872.

/. S ad. sk.

Ram-ghaut.

m. (S ad. sk.

Mysore, Dec. 8,

1874.

M. c? ad. sk.

Behar.

o,p. cJ 2 ad. sk.

DarjUing.

q. Ad. sk.

Nepal.

r, &, t. S ad. sk.

Nepal.

u, V. $ ad. ; w, .i\

Nepal.

y. Juv. sk.

s. $ imm. sk.

Momieu,Yuu-nan,

June 22, 1868.

aa. $ ad. sk.

Lower Pegu. Jan.

11, 1878 {E.

Oatcs).

5. Stoparola thalassinoides.

Muscicapa thalassina, Mas. BeroJ. {nee Sicains., teste Cabanis),
Hypotbymis thalassina, Up. Consjj. i. p. ;J20 {iiec Stcains.),

a. Ad. sk.

Kessang,

b. Ad. sk.

Borneo.

c. Ad. sk.

Sarawak.

440 MISCICAPIDJE.

Glaucomj'ias thalas.soides, Cub. Mus. Hein. Tli. i. p. 53, note ; Bp.

a R. xxxviii. p. 651.
Niltava tliaJassoides, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 326, no. 4896.
Stoparola tlialassinoides, Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 132 ; Sharpe, Ibis,

1878, p. 416.

Adult male. General colour verditer-blue, inclining to silvery
blue on the forehead, eyebrow, and upper tail-coverts ; wing-coverts
a little brighter than the back, and inclining to silvery blue near
the bend of the wing ; quills black, externally bright cobalt, the
inner secondaries almost entirely of this colour ; tail deep blue,
black along the shaft , and on the inner web ; sides of face and
throat silvery cobalt ; a narrow frontal line, feathers in front of and
below the eye, and chm black ; rest of under surface of body dull
verditer-blue, a little more greenish on the abdomen and sides of
body ; the under tail-coverts obscurely edged with white ; under
wing-coverts like the breast ; quills below blackish ; " iris black "
(Doria). Total length o-G inclies, culmen 0-45, wing 3-05, tail
2-4, tarsus 0-6.

Ilab. Sumatra, Borneo, Malayan peninsula.

Malacca. M. A. Bouvier.

Hugh Cuming, Esq.
Henry Everett, Esq. [C.].

6. Stoparola panayensis.
Eumyias pauayensis, Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Sue. new series, i. p. 326.

Adult (type of species). General colour above dull verditer-blue,
rather brighter on the forehead and over the eye, forming an in-
distinct eyebrow ; least wing-coverts resembling the back, the
greater series and the quills blackish brown, externally edged with
dull verditer-blue ; tail-feathers blackish, also edged with verditer
on the outer web ; sides of face dull verditer, as also the whole of
the throat and breast, shading off into white on the abdomen and
flanks, the latter washed with blue ; fore part of the cheeks and
throat slightly varied with silvery tips to the feathers ; thighs and
under wing- and tail-coverts buffy white ; bUl black ; feet dark
brown. Total length 6 inches, ctdmen 0-55, wing 2-95, tail 2*45,
tarsus 0-7. (^i<^- J- S. Steere.)

Hah. Island of Panay, Philippines.

7. Stoparola sordida.

Stoparola melanops, Lat/ard, Ann. N. H. xiii. p. 127 {nee V.).
Glaucomvias sordida, Wald. Ann. %■ Mmj. N. H. ser. 4, v. p. 218 ;

Hume,'Str. F. 1875, p. 401.
Niltava ceylonensis, Grai/, Hand-l. B. i. p. 326, no. 4897 {deso: nulla).
Eumyias sordida, Holdsio. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 441 ; Lcgye, Ibis, 1874,

p. 18 ; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. new series, i. p. .326.

Adtdt male. General colour above dusky grey, with somewhat of

6G. siPHiA, 441

a wash of greenish grey, rather more distinct on the head ; forehead
and feathers over the eye cobalt ; -vving-coverts like the back, the
outer ones of the lesser series tinged with blighter cobalt ; quills
and greater coverts dusky brown, externally edged with greyish
blue, much broader on the secondaries, where it has somewhat of a
glaucous tint ; tail-feathers brown, slightly washed with greyish
blue on the edges ; sides of face, throat, breast, and sides of body
dusky grey, like the upper surface ; the abdomen and under tail-
coverts whitish, the thighs dusky grey tipped with white ; a narrow
frontal line, feathers in front of and below the eye, as well as those
at angle of mouth and base of chin, black ; the sides of the face and
upper throat slightly washed with cobalt ; under wing-coverts white,
the edge of the wing light bluish ; quills dull ashy brown below,
dull brownish along the inner web ; " bill black ; legs and feet
blackish lead-colour; iris dull reddish brown" {Leijgc, MS.).
Total length 5-S inches, culmen U'O, wing 3-05, tail 2-6, tarsus U-7o.

Young. I'pper surface and wing- coverts brown, with buff tip3
to the feathers ; the chin is buff, and the lower surface, as in the
adult, mingled with yellowish-grey feathers. {Legge.)

Hah. Ceylon.

a. <S ad. sk. Knuckles, Cevlon, 4500 feet^ Capt. W, Vincent Legge

Nov. 25, 1670. [P.].

b. Ad. sk. Kaudy hills. A. Whyte, Esq. [C.].

c. d. Ad. sk. Ceylou. Hugh Cuming, Esq.

c. Ad. sk. Ceylon. Marquis of Tweeddale [P.].

66. SIPHIA.

Type.

Siphia, Hodgson, Ind. Seiiew, i. p. 651 (1837) S. stropliiata.

Uimorpha, Hodr/s. J. A. S. B. x. p. 29 (1841) S. strophiata.

Cvornis, Bhjth, 'j. A. S. B. xii. p. 941 (1842) S. rubeculoides.

Ochroniela, BIyth, J. A. H. B. xvi. p. 128 (1847) S. nigrorufa.

Schwaneria, Bj). Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1857, p. 54 . . S. caeruleata.

Meuetica, Cab. J.f. O. 1866, p. 392 S. strophiata.

Leg of Sii)hia hanyumas.

Bange. India and Ceylon, ranging through the Burmese countries
to Eastern China and down the Malayan peninsula to the Sunda
Islands, the Philippines, and Timor group.

Key to the Species.
a. Above blue.

a'. Entire throat and breast blue.

a". Bully and under tail-coverts orange-
rufous hyucinthina S , p. 443.

TOL. IV. 2g

442 MUSCICAPID^.

b". Belly and under tail-coverts whitish.
a'". Under wing-coverts white ; throat

and breast deep blue pallidipes (J , p. 444.

b'". Under wing'-coverts fulvous ; throat

and breast light greyish blue wiicolor tS y P- 445.

b'. Throat only blue ; fore neck and chest
orange-rufous,
e". Throat blue-black, like the ear-coverts . rttbeculoicles (S , p. 446.
d". Throat brighter blue than the ear-
coverts elegam cJ , p. 447.

c'. Throat orange-rufous, with only a black or
blue-black chin-spot.
e". Legs dark brown or blackish in skin.
c'". General colour above light grejdsh
blue : below light orange-rufous,
fading ofl' into buffy white on the
lower abdomen and under tail-
coverts ; chin-spot very small .... tickellim ^ , p. 448.
d'". General colour above dark blue ;
throat deep orange or chestnut ;
chin-spot large.
«■*. Orange-colour of the breast ex-
tending upon the abdomen and
sides of vent, often upon the

under tail-coverts batii/umas (j , p. 449.

b^. Orange-colour of the breast not ex-
tending upon the abdomen, which
is pure white, as also the under

tail-coverts pTtUippinensis (f , p. 450.

c*. Orange-colour confined to the throat
and fore neck ; the entire breast,
abdomen, and under tail-coverts

pure white sumatrensis c? > p- 451.

/". Legs pale yellowish in skin cceruleata ^ , p. 451.

• d'. Throat entirely orange, with no chin-spot.
f/''. Lores black.

e'". With a conspicuous superciliary mark

of bright blue.

d'. With a bright blue shoulder-spot;

rump and xipper tail-coverts

brighter blue than the back.

a'. Upper surface dark ultramarine ;

eyebrow of rich blue, reaching

to the hind neck; ear-coverts

black heccariana c? , p. 452.

6'. Upper surface gi eenish blue, the

head and ear-coverts like the

back ; superciliary streaks not

reaching beyond the ear-coverts turcosa (^ , p. 453.

e*. No bright blue shoulder-spot ; rump

and upper tail-coverts uniform

with the rest of the back ; legs

pale magnirostris S , p- 453.

f". No superciliary streak of bright blue,
the whole upper surface being dark
grey ; legs pale rvjigula J" , p. 454.

66. siPHiA. 443

h". Lores white.

g'". Ear-coverts dark, like the head ; no
perceptible light eyebrow,
y*. Abdomen and under tail-coverts

oraiige-buft" bant/umas 5 , p. 4-50.

(/*. Abdomen and under tail-coverts

white iMlippinensis J , p. 450.

h'". Ear-coverts light blue, like the upper
surface ; frontal and superciliary line
rather brighter blue tickellice 2 , P- ■H'i-

b. Above orange-rufous ; head black ; tail en-

tirely rufous ; wings black ; entire under

surface orange-rufous nigroriifa, p. 455.

c. Above olive-brown or greyish olive.

e'. Tail black ; forehead white ; throat black ;
breast grey ; on the lower throat a large

orange-chestnut spot stropldata, p. 455.

/'. Tail blue.

i". Ear-coverts and eyelid slaty brown, like
the upper surface ; below uniform
orauge-rufous fi'om chin to under tail-
coverts hyacinthinn § , p. 444.

k". Ear-coverts and eyelid rufous ; below
bright orange-rufous, the lower ab-
domen whitish ccerideata J , p. 451.

g'. Tail rufescent.

I". Throat and chest orange-rufous riihecuhides 5 , p. 446.

m". Throat and chest ashy white.

i'". Tail-feathers rufous, the outer webs

ashy brown riijicaiida, p. 457.

k'". Tnil-ftathers brown, washed with

rufous on the outer web olivacea, p. 457.

1. Siphia hyacinthina.

Muscicapa hyacinthina, Temm. PI. Col. iii. pi. 30: Finsch, Xeu-

Gxtinea, p. Iti8.
iSiltava hyacintha, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 204.
Cyomis hyacinthina, Bp. Comp. i. p. 358 ; Wall. P. Z. S. 1863,

p. 485.
I^iltava hyacinthina, G)-ay, Hand-l. B. i. p. 32.5, no. 4881.

Adult male. General colour above dull blue, slightly brighter on
the upper tail-coverts : wings rather brighter and more ultramarine,
the least scries especially ; quills blackish, blue externally ; tail dull
blue on the outer webs, dusky on the inner webs, the two centre
feathers dull blue entirely ; forehead and feathers over the eye
brighter blue than the rest of the upper surface ; a narrow frontal
line, lores, and feathers in front of the eye black ; ear-coverts,
cheeks, throat, and fore neck blue-black, the latter rather brighter
blue ; rest of under surface entirely orange-rufous : thighs blue,
tipped with orange ; under wing-coverts and axillaries like the
breast, the edge of the wing blue ; quills dusky below, greyish along
the ibner web. Total length 6-7 inches, culmcn 0-55, wing 3"4,
tail 2-8, tarsiis 0-9.

2g2

444 lIlTsCICAMDiE.

Adult fcDUile. Different from the male. Above olivaceous brown,
the least and median wing-coverts uniform with the back ; quills
dark brown, these and the greater coverts edged with fulvous
brown ; upper tail-coverts and tail-feathers dull blue, the latter
duskj- on the inner webs ; ear-coverts olivaceous brown, with whitish
shaft-lines ; lores dull rufous ; checks and entire under surface of
body deep orange-rufous or orange-chestnut, rather paler on the
under wing-coverts and axillaries ; thighs pale orange. Total length
()-6 inches, wing 3-4, tail 2-7, tarsus 0*8.

Young. Like the female, but more ashy, the feathers of the back
edged with black : below orange, mottled with dusky-blackish edges
to the feathers, these edgings wanting on the under wing- and tail-
coverts.

Hah. Timor group of islands.

a,h. ,S 9- ad. st. Timor. Leyden Museum.

c. 2 ad. sk. Timor. Purchased.

d, <>. cJ ? 'id. sk. E. Timor. A. R. AVallace, Esq. [0.1
f. $ juY. sk. E. Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.l.

*(7. 2 ad. sk. Semao, Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.l.

'/*. S ad. sk, Timor Coupaug. A. R. A^■allace, Esq. [C.].

2. SipMa pallidipes.

Muscicapa pallipes, JcrJ. Madr. Joiirn. xi. p. 15.

Niltava pallipes, Graij Gen. JB. i. p. 264; id. Ilcmd-l. B. i. p. 325,
no. 4883.

Cyoruis pallipes, Blyth, Cat. B. Mm. A. S. B. p. 338 ; Bp. Consp. i,
p. 320 ; Jerd. B. ^Ind. i. p. 469 ; Bbjth, Ibis, 1866, p. 372 ; Fair-
bank, Sir. F. 1876, p. 257 ; Hume, t. c. p. 397.

Adult male. General colour above dull blue, rather brighter on
the lower back and rump, and inclining to cobalt on the forehead
and eyebrow ; wing-coverts blue, the least series brighter and more
cobalt ; quills blackish, externally dull blue ; tail-feathers blue,
dusky on their inner webs ; lores and feathers in front of the eye
black ; sides of face, throat, and breast deep blue, brighter on the
latter ; rest of under suiface of body pure white, shaded with ashy
on the upper breast, the flanks bluish grey ; thighs dull blue ; under
wing-coverts and axillaries pure white, the edge of the wing blue ;
bill black ; " feet pale whitish flesh-colour, whity brown, bluish
white, or leaden grey ; iris brown " (Hvme). Total length 5-7 inches,
culmen 0'6, wing 2'9, tail 2-5, tarsus 0'75.

Hab. Southern India.

a. c? ad. sk. Coorg. Secretary of State for India [P.],

b. Ad. St. India. J. R. Reeves, Esq. [P.].

3. SipMa unicolor.

Cyornis unicolor, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii. pp. 941, 1007; id. Cat. B.
Mus. A. S. B. p. 173 ; Bjx Consp. i. p. 320 ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 4C6 ;
liime, Sir. F. 1875, p. 401, 1876, p. 398, 1877, p. 489; fiharpe,
Ibis, 1878, p. 418 ; Godu:-At(sttn, J. A. *S'. B. 1878, p. 15.

66. siPHiA. 445

Niltava unicolor, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 2G4; id. Iland-l. B. i. p. 326,

no. 4886.
Cyornis cyanopolia, Bhjth, This, 1870, p. ]G5 (ex Bote MS. in Mus,

Lugd.) ; Salcad. Ucc. Born. p. 182.
Muscicapa infuscata, Blyth, t. c. (ex Midler MS. in Mus. Lvgd.).

Adult male. General colour above pale smalt-blue, brighter and
more cobalt on the rump, and richer blue on the under tail-coverts ;
forehead and over the eye bright cobalt, as also the feathers round
the eye ; lores blue-black ; sides of face deep bhxe, ligliter under the
eye and on the fore part of the cheeks ; wing- coverts bright blue,
the greater series and the quills blackish on the inner webs, bright
blue externally ; tail deep blue, all but the two centre feathers
blackish on the inner web ; under surface of bodj- liglit blue, silvery
on the throat, the centre of the abdomen and the under tail-coverts
whitish ; luider wing-coverts yellowish fawn-colour, as also the
inner edge of the quills below ; edge of the wing blue ; " bill and
legs black " (Jerdon). Total length 6 inches, culmen 0'5, wing 3"15,'
tail 2-8, tarsus 0-7. {Mus. H. J. Elwes.)

Adidt female. General colour above dark ashy brown, the least
wing-coverts a little more ashy than the back ; remainder of the
wing-coverts and quills dark brown, externally margined with pale
rufous-brown ; upper tail-coverts light rufous-brown, as also the
tail-feathers, which are internally dusky bi'own ; lores and feathers
round the eye fulvescent ; ear-coverts and sides of face and neck
dark ashy brown, with hair-like shaft-lines of whitish on the eai*-
coverts ; chin and throat pale rufous, shading off on the fore neck,
which is ashy brown, as also the breast ; abdomen dull whitish ;
sides of body and under tail-coverts fulvesccut brown, the latter
clearer buff ; thighs dark brown ; under wing-coverts and axillaries
brownish buff; quills dark broM'n below, rufescent along the edge
of the inner web. Total length 6-2 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 3"1,
tail 2'6, tarsus 0-65.

Yomu/ male. Mottled all over with ochraccous spots, margined
with blackish, the wings and tail blue.

Htd). Eastern Himalayas, extending to the Malayan peninsula,
Java (Mus. Liajd.), and Borneo.

a. c? ad. sk. Sikhim, April 1873. L. Mandelli, Esq. [P.].

b. 2 ad. sk. Sikliim, Nov. 1873. 1.. Mandelli, Esq. [P. I.

c. Ad. sk. Sikhim. Capt. C. II. T. Marshall [P.].

d. Ad. sk. Kessang, Malacca. M. A. J3(nivier.
e,f. d 2 ad. sk. Sarawak, Borneo.
ff. Juv. sk. Sarawak, Borneo.

Henry Everett, Esq. [C.].
Henry Everett, Esq. [C.].

4. Siphia rubeculoides.

Phcenicura rubeculoides, Vif/ors, P. Z. .S. 1831, p. 3o ; Gould, Cent.

Himal. B. pi. 2o. fig. 1. '
Niltava brevipes, ILuh/s. Ind. Bcview, i. p. 6.50.
Mu.'icicapa rubecida, Swnins. Monogr. F/t/c. p. 221, pi. 27.
Cyornis rubeculoides, Bli/th, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 941 ; id. Cat. B. Mus.

A. S. B. p. 173 ; Bp.^ Consp. i. p. 320 ; Horsf. Sf Moore, Cat. B.

446 MT7SCICAPID.E.

Mm. E.I. Co. ii. p. 289 ; Jerd. B. Lid. i. p. 4Gii ; Bliith, Ibis, 18G6,

p. 371 ; Ilokhw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 4i2; Blijth ^- Wcdd. B. Biirm.

p. 103; Hume, Nests and Ec/gs Lid. B. p. 211 ; id. Str. F. 1875,

p. 104 ; Brooks, t. c. p. 235 ; Jerd. B. Lid. 2ud ed. i. p. Ixxii ; Blanf.

Str. F. J 877, p. 484 ; Hume ^' Davison, Str. F. 1878, p. 227.
ChailiU-is (Niltava) riilj^ciiloides, Ilodr/s. Icon. incd. Passcrcs, pi. 213

(Hodf/s. nos. 137, 138) ; id. in Grm/s Zool. Misc. p. 84.
Niltava' nibeculaidos, Grai), Gen. B. i. p. 2(54 ; id. Cat. Mamm. S,-c.

Nepal Coll. Ilodffs. p. 90 (184(5) ; id. Ilaml-l. B. i. p. 325, no. 4878.
Eiytlirostevna rubeculi, Bp. Consp. i. p. 318.
Cyornis elegans, Hume, Str. F. 1874, p. 475.

Adult male. General colour above deep blue, the Aving-coverts
like the back, the lesser series brighter cobalt, showing a bright
shoulder-spot ; quills and tail-feathers dusky brown, externally blue
like the back, the centre tail-feathers and innermost secondaries
entirely blue ; forehead brighter cobalt, extending backwards over
the eyes ; a narrow frontal line and feathers in front of and below
the eye black ; ear-coverts, cheeks, and throat dark blue ; fore neck
and breast bright orange ; rest of under surfiee pure white, the
sides washed with orange-buff, the long flank-feathers white, some-
what overshadowing the rump ; thighs blue, with white edges ;
sides of upper breast blue ; under wing-coverts and axillaries white,
the edge of the wing blue : quills dusky brown below, ashy along
the edge of the inner web ; " bill black ; inside of month blackish
(bluish fleshy in the $ ) ; legs pinkish brown, claws the same ; iris
dark hazel-brown ; eyelids bluish grey " (Oatcs). Total length 5-2
inches, culmen 0-5, wing 2-9, tail 2-35, tarsus 0-(J.5.

Adult female. General colour above ashy brown washed with
olive, the upper tail-coverts rufous-brown ; wing-coverts like the
back, the greater series and the quills sepia-brown, externally pale
rufescent brown ; tail light rufons-brown, the inner webs of the
feathers pale brown ; a narrow frontal line and lores rufous-buff;
over the eye a faint shade of greyish ; sides of face pale ashy
brown, with lighter shaft-streaks ; throat and breast orange-buif,
paler on the former ; remainder of under surface white, the sides of
the body washed with fulvous ; thighs ashy brown, with whitish
tips to the feathers ; under wing-coverts buff with a slight shade
of orange, some of the axillaries silky white.

Touwj. Iiobin-like. Olive-brown, mottled with streaks of golden
buff to the feathers of the upper surface, which have also black
margins ; wing-coverts blackish, broadly edged and tipped with
golden buff; quills brown, washed externally with olive-brown;
tail-feathers olive-brown, strongly washed with golden brown on
their edges ; breast pale orange-buff, mottled with dusky edgings
and lines on the feathers ; rest of under surface whitish.

Hah. India, Burmese countries, and Ceylon.

a. cJ ad. sk. jMadras. Br. .lerdon [P."].

b. d ad. sk. Madras. Rev. II. II. Baber [P.].

c. S ad. sk. N.W. Himalayas. Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill [P.l.
d,e. c? ad. sk. Between Simla and Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill [P.],

Mussoorie.

G6, siPHiA. 447

f, <7. Jiiv. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

'h, V. c? ad. ; k-n. $ Nepal. Ji. II. Hodgson, Esq. [P.J.

ad. sk.

o. c? ad. St. Behar. B. H. Hodgaon, Esq. [P.].

p,q. c5' 2 ad. sk. Darjiling. J. Fotheringliam, Esq.

r. Jiiv. sk. Daijiling. J. Fotheringham, Esq.

s. $ ad. sk. Upper Buvmab, Jan. 16, Dr. Anderson [C.].

18(38.

t. <S ad. sk. Pegu. AV. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.].

u, V, c? 2 ad. sk. Lower Pegu [Eugene R. B. Skarpe, Esq. [P.].

Oates).

w. 9 ad. sk. Tenasserim. J. C. D. Packman, Esq.

[P.].

5. Siphia elegans.

Muscicapa elegans, Temm. PI. Col. iii. pi. 596. fig. 2.

Mascicapa cantatrix $ , Temm. PL Col. iii. pi. 226. fig. 2.

Niltava elegans, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 264 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 326,

no. 480.5.
Gyornis elegans, Bp. Consp. i. p. .320 ; Walden, Ibis, 1872, p. 373 ;

Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 130 ; Walden, Ibis, 1877, p. 316 ; Brdggem,

Abhandl. nat. Ver. Bremen, v. p. 458.
Cj'ornis beccariana, Blyth, Ibis, 1870, p. 165 (nee Salvad.).
Cyornis banyumas, Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 615 ($ ).

Adult male. General colour above bright blue, inclining to cobalfc
on the rnmp and upper tail-coverts ; forehead and eyebrow distinctly
richer blue than the rest of the head ; least and median wing-
coverts bright ultramarine, contrasting with the back, the rest of the
wing-coverts and quiUs blackish, externally rich blue, the margins
to the primaries rather narrow ; two centre tail-feathers rich ultra-
marine, the others black, externally blue ; lores blackish ; ring round
the eye and ear-coverts deep blue ; throat bright blue, contrasting
with the sides of the face, and of about the same hue as the eye-
brow ; lower throat and fore neck bright orange, some of the
feathers with a narrow edging of blue ; rest of under surface of
body white, with a fulvous tint on the flanks, which are also slightly
shaded with blue ; sides of the upper breast and edge of the wing
rich blue, the axillaries greyish ; thighs blue, with whitish edgings j
quills dusky brown below, lighter along the edge of the inner web ;
bill black ; legs lead-colour ; iris chocolate. Total length 5*7
inches, culmen 0"55, wing 2*9, tail 2-3, tarsus Ow. (J/ws. Marquis
of Tweeddale.)

Hah. Malacca, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Palawan.

a. 2 ad. sk. W. Java. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

h. ^ ad. sk. Kessang, Malacca. M. A. Bouvier.

G. Siphia tickellisB.

Muscicapa hyacintha, Tiekell, J. A. S. B. ii. p. 674.
Muscicapa banyuma?:, Jerd. Bladr. Journ. xi. p. 15 (jiec Ilorsf.).

448 MUSCICAPIDJ.

Cyornis Ijanvumas (nee Horsf.), Bli/fh, J. A. S. JB. xvi. p. 941 ; id.

Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 178 ; Jei-d. B. Inch i. p. 4()G.
Cyornis ticlrelliEe, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 94] ; Jerd. B. Ind. i.

p. 467; Gray, Cat. Hodr/s. Drawings, p. 48(1863); Lloi/d, Ihis,

1872, p. 197; Hume, Str'. F. 1873, p. 436; id. Nests and Etj(is Ind.

B. p. 212 ; Ball, S. F. 1874, p. 405 ; Butler, S. F. 1875, p. 4(58 ;

Bh)th Sf Wald. B. Barm. p. 103 ; Fairhank, Str. F. 1876, p. 257 ;

id! 8. F. 1877, p. 402; ILime, S. F. 1878, p. 220.
Niltava tickelliaj, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 264 ; id. Iland-l. B. i. p. 325,

no. 4882.
Cyornis elegans, Bh/th, Cat. B. Mas. A. S. B. p. 173 (nee Temtn.).
Cyornia jerdoni, Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 371 ; Iloldsw. F. Z. S. 1872,

p. 442.
Niltava jerdoni, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 325.

Adult male. General colour above light blue, the least wing-
coverts rather brighter and more cobalt ; forehead brighter cobalt,
extending slightly backwards over the eye ; a narrow frontal line
and space in front of the eye blue-black ; cheeks, ear-coverts, and a
narrow line across the chin at the base of the bill dark blue, the
ear-coverts strongly washed with ligliter blue ; quills and tail-
feathers dusky brown, externally blue like the back, the two centre
tail-feathers and the inner secondaries nearly entirely blue ; entire
throat and breast orange-rufous, the lower abdomen and under tail-
coverts Avhite ; thighs blue, as also the sides of the breast ; under
wing-coverts and axillaries orange-rufous, the edge of the wing
blue. Total length 5-3 inches, culmen 0"5, wing 2"9, tail 2-3,
tarsus 0"7.

Adult female (C. tlclrllice). Similar to the male, but paler in
colour and distinguished by an absence of black on the chin and
face, the frontal line and lores being dull white, the ear-coverts
greyish blue with whitish shaft-lines. "Wing 2'6 inches, tail 2'15,
tarsus 0-65.

Ohs. Madras, and therefore typical, specimens have been described ;
but there is considerable difference exhibited by a series of speci-
mens, principally in the colouring of the underparts. Madras birds
are washed with orange-rufous over nearly the whole under surface,
and this occurs in both sexes. Ceylonese specimens, on the other
hand, are decidedly white on the abdomen, and so are the birds
from Kattiawar, the latter, however, being a lighter blue and gene-
rally paler form. Burmese specimens are very dark, like the Cey-
lonese, and have a wash of orange over the whole abdomen, in this
resembling the Madras skins. I keep the whole of these forms under
the heading of S. tickelll(V ; but it is impossible to overlook the fact
that the Ceylonese and Burmese specimens, as well as those from
N.W. India, differ a good deal from the typical form, and some of the
Ce3don examples are scarcely to be distinguished from true S.
hanyumas. It is also a qiiestion whether C. tickellice, 0. banyumas,
C. sximatrensis, and C. jj/iilipjn^iensis should not all be considered as
races of one wide-spread form.

Ilab. India and Ceylon, ranging eastwards into the Burmese
countries.

66. STPHIA. 449

a. S ad. sk. Madras. Sir Walter Elliot [P.].

h. (S ad. sk. Madras. Dr. Jerdon [P.]. (Type

of species.)

c. 5 ad. .sk. Madras. Dr. Jerdon [P.].

<l, e. J 2 ad. sk. Madras. Purchased.

f. c? ad. sk. Madras. F. Nicholson, Esq. [P.].

g. d ad. sk. Mahabaleshwar hills. Colonel Start [P.J.
h. d imm. sk. Sassowlie, Jan. 18G9. Colonel Sturt [P-J.

i, k. tS $ ad. sk. Sursve, Kattiawar, April Major Hayes Lloyd [P.].

0/1871. (6/. Ibis,/. e.)

I, »i- d 2 ad. sk. Oopleta, Kattiawar, Major Hayes Lloyd [P.].

Dec. 18, 1871.
n, 0. d 2 ad. St. Behar. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

J}. Juv. sk. Darjiling. J. Fotheringham, Esq.

[C.].
q, r. d2 ad.sk. Opate Forest, S.W. Cey- Capt. Vincent Legge [P.].

Ion, April 23, 1873.
s. d ad.sk. Tanamalvilla, S.E. Cey- Capt. Vincent Legge [P.].

Ion, July 4, 1873.
t, u. d 2 ad. sk. Near Newara Eliya.. Mr. E. Boate [CI.

V. 2 ad. sk. Kaudy hills. A. Whyte, Esq. [C.].

IV, .>: d ad. sk. Ceylon. E. L. Layard, Esq. [C.].

«/. d ad. sk. Ponsee, Kakhven hills. Dr. J. Anderson [C.J.

March 15, 1808.
a. d ad. sk. Ponsee, April 23, 1868. Dr. J. Anderson [C.J.

a', d ad. sk. Saigon, Cochin China. M. E. Pierre [P.J.

7. Sipliia banyumas.

Muscicapa banyumas, Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 146 ; id. Zool.

Hesearches in Java, pi.
]\Iuscicapa rufigastra, liaffi. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. .312.
Muscicapa cantatvix, Temm. PL Col. iii. pi. ■2-2^ ( d only).
Niltava banyumas, Gra;/, Gen. B. i. p. 264 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 325,

no. 4879 ; Brih/c/em. Abhandl. nat. Vereine Bremen, v. p. (?8.
Cyornis banyumas, Bp. Consp. i. p. 320 ; Horxf. ^- Moore, Cat. B.

Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 290; Bernst. J. f. On;. '18.39, p. 265; Pe'z.

Iteis. Xovara, Vn;/. pp. 78, 161 ; WahLn, Tr. Z. S. viii. p. 117;

Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 130 ; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 107 ; id. Ibis,

1877, p. 18 ; Brii(/(/em. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Bremen, v. p. 458 ;

Ticeeddale, P. Z. .y.'l878, p. 615 (cJ only).
Cyornis simplex, Blyth, Ibis, 1870, p. 105 ( $ ).«

Adult male. General colour above uniform blue, the forehead
brighter blue, extending backwards over the eye ; ear-coverts deep
blue ; a narrow frontal line from the base of the nostrils, lores,
feathers round the eye, chin, and fore part of cheeks black ; re-
mainder of under surface of body rich orange-rufous, a little paler
and inclining to white on the abdomen ; sides of upper breast and
thighs blue ; wing-coverts blue like the back, the least and median
series brighter blue, of about the same colour as the forehead and
eyebrow; quills dusky brown, externally blue, the inner secondaries

* The type of C. simpler is in the Lf yJen Museum, where I recently ex-
amined it.

450 MUSCICAPID^.

entirely blue ; tall-foathers dark blue, the outer one? black on the
inner web; under wing-coverts and asillaries orange-rufous, the
edge of the wing blue; quills dusky brown bolow, lighter on the
inner web ; " bill black ; legs pale brownish lead-colour ; iris dark
brown" (Everdt). Total length 5-6 inches, culmen 0"oo, wing 3"2,
tail 2-S5, tarsus 0"65.

Adult female. Similar to the male, but distinguished by the white
lores; "bill black; legs purplish leaden grey ; iris brown" (Everett).
Wing 2-75 inches, tail 2"3.5, tarsus 0-G5.

Young. Kobin-like. Dusky brown, with subterminal spots of
orange -buff to all the feathers of the \ipper surface ; wings and tail
dusky, externallj' blue, the secondaries tipped with buff like the
coverts ; underneath orange-rufous, mottled with dusky margins to
the feathers ; abdomen whitish.

Hub. Malayan peninsula, Java, Borneo, Celebes.

a. Ad. sk. Penang. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

b. cJ ad. sk. Java. Purchased.

c. Juv. sk. Labuan. Hugh Low, Esq. [C.].

d. cf ad. ; e,f. $ ad. sk. Lahuau. Hugh Low, Esq. [C.].
</, /(. S ad. sk. Labuan {Low). R, B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].
V. c? ad. sk. Labuan. Governor Ussher [C.].

k, I. cJ $ ad. sk. Bintulu. Alfred Everett, Esq. [0.1.

m. (S ad. sk. Sarawak. Heniy Everett, Esq. [C.J.

8. Siphia pMlippinensis.

Cyornis hanvumas, Von Martens, J. f. 0. ISGO, p. II; fl'alden, Tr.

Z. S. ix. p' 182.
Cvornis philippinensis, Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. new series, i. p. 32o ;
" Tweeddale, F. Z. S. 1877, p. 693, et 1878, pp. 109, 284, 342.

Adult female. General colour dull light blue, not showing per-
ceptibly brighter on the rump ; wings and tail blue like the back,
the inner webs blackish, the least and median coverts brighter blue
than the rest of the upper surface ; forehead and eyebrow scarcely
any lighter than the rest of the head ; ear-coverts dark blue ; lores
buffy whitish ; under surface of body bright orange-rufous, rather
paler on the throat and sides of the body ; lower breast, abdomen,
and under tail-coverts pure white ; thighs white, with dusky bases ;
under wing-coverts and axillaries light orange-buff ; " bill black ;
iris dark chocolate-brown ; legs light hrovrii " (Tiveeddcde). Total
length 5 inches, culmen 0-o5, wing 3'1, tail 2-75, tarsus 0-7.

Adult male. Similar to the female, but with black lores. Wing
3"15 inches, tail 2"G5, tarsus 0*7.

Hah. Philippine Islands.

«. [c?] ad. st. Philippine Islands. Hugh Cuming, Esq. [C.].

J. [$ Jad.sk. Philippine Islands. Purchased.

c. $ ad. sk. Panay. Prof. Steere [C.]. (One of

the typical specimens.)

d. Juv. sk. Dumaguete, Aug. 1877. Alfred Everett, Esq. [C.].

e. 2 ad. sk. Dumaguete {A. Everett). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].

GG. siPuiA. 451

9, SipMa suinatrensis.

jidiilt male. Similar to >S'. hanijunvif, but having the iinderparts
entirely white, with the excaption of the throat and fore neck.
Total length 5-2 inches, culmen O'o, wing 2-7, tail 2-35, tarsus 0-6.

Hah. Sumatra,

a. (S ad. sk. Sumatra. Purchased.

10. SipMa caeruleata.*

Schwaneria cneruleata, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1857, p. 54 (^ex

Temm. MS.); Gray, Haml-l. B. iii. p. 1G7, no. 1219"; Salvad.

Ucc. Born. p. 134.
Cyoruis rufifrons, Wallace, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 47G ; Bh/th, Ibis, 1870,

p. 1G3 ; Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 131 ; Bruggem. Ahhandl. nat. Ver.

Bremen, v. p. 458 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1878, p! 416 (pt.).
Niltara rufifrons, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 326, no. 4888,

Male, not quite adult (type of C. rufifrons). General colour above
dark ultramarine-blue, lighter on the rump and upper tail-coverts ;
wing-coverts blue like the back, the least oues rather brighter than
the others ; quills dusky brown, externally margined with blue ;
some of the greater coverts tipped with rufous (remains of immature
plumage) ; tail-feathers black, washed with blue on the outer edges ;
lores and a ring of feathers round the eye orange-rufous ; chin,
cheeks, and ear-coverts blue, with a few orange feathers intermixed
(the remains of immature plumage) ; rest of under surface of body
bright orange-rufous, paling to huffy white on the under tail-coverts,
the flanks slightly washed with greyish blue ; thighs blue ; under
wing-coverts and axillaries orange-rufous like the breast ; edge of
wing blue ; quills dusky below, fulveseent along the inner web.
Total length 6-4 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3-05, tail 2-Q, tarsus 0-6,

Young. General colour above fulvous-brown, with buffy shaft-
lines to the feathers, more distinct on the crown ; rump" with a
slight greyish-blue shade ; upper tail-coverts bright blue ; tail dark
blue, the inner webs of the feathers dusky ; least wing-coverts like
the back ; remainder of the wing-coverts and quills dusky brown,
washed with the same colour as the back, the coverts and inner
secondaries tipped with a spot of orange -rufous ; lores, feathers
round the eye, and sides of face rufous, with buff shaft-streaks, the
car-coverts edged with dusky ; under surface of body bright orange-
rufous, paler on the throat, the abdomen white ; thighs orange, as
also the under wing-coverts. Wing 2-7 inches, tail 2-2, tarsus" 0-6,

Adult female. General colour deep olive-broTra, more dusky on

* On examining the type of Schwaneria ceerukafa in the Leyden Museum I
found that it was tlie same as Cyoruis ruffrons of Wallace ; arid the supposed
generic distinction depends upon the state of the specimen, which lias the
feathers worn away from tlie base of the bill. A further comparison shows me
that I was wrong ('Ibis,' 1878, p. 41G) in uniting C. rt'fifrons with pale legs to
C. beccariana with dark legs, and I have therefore readjusted the svuonymy in
the present volume.

452 MuscicAriDJ3,

the head ; the scapulars, remainder of tlio wing-coverts, and quilla
dark sepia-brown, margined with olive-brown, rather rufescent ;
upper tail-coverts blue ; tail-feathers blackish, externally bright
blue ; forehead, lores, and feathers round the eye rufous ; cheeks
and ear-coverts dark olive-brown, washed slightly with rufous ;
under surface of body bright orange-rufous, paler on the throat, and
inclining to buffy white on the abdomen ; under wing-coverts and
axiUaries like the back ; quills dark brown below, ashy along the
edge of the inner web. Total length 4-8 inches, culmen 0*5, wing
2-7, tail 1-9, tarsus 0-6.
Hah. Borneo.

c. c? vix ad. sk. Sarawak. A. R.Wallace, Esq. [C.].

(Type of C rufifrons.)
b. 5 ad. sir. Tagora, Sarawak. Henry Everett, Esq. [0.1

<?. 5juv.sk. Sarawak. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

11. SipMa beccariana.
Cyomis beccariana, Salvad. Atti R. Accad. Torino, iii. p. 533 ; id.

Ucc. Born. p. 131 ; Brilggem. Ahhamll. nat. Ver. Bremen, v.

p. 458.
Cyornis rufifrons, Shmye, Ibis, 1878, p. 416 (J ? ad.).

Adult male. General colour above bright smalt-blue ; the crown
deep ultramarine, causing the eyebrow and forehead, which are
bright smalt-blue, to stand out in bold relief; scapulars and median
wing-coverts ultramarine, Avith a slight wash of smalt-blue ; the
lesser coverts br.iglit smalt-blue; greater coverts, primnry-coverts,
and quills black, edged with ultramarine ; tail-feathers black, all
but the outer one on each side externally bright blue, richer ultra-
marine than the wings, and not so brilliant as the back ; feathers
in front of the eye black ; sides of face and ear-coverts black, washed
with blue ; under surface of body bright orange-rufous, creamy buff
in the middle of the abdomen ; thighs blue-black on the outer aspect,
orange-buff on the inner ; under wing-coverts orange ; quills dusky
brown below, with slightly paler brown edgings to the inner webs.
Total length 57 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 2-9, tail 2-35, tarsus 0-6.

Adnlt female. Different from the male. General colour above
tawny brown, duller on the head, inclining to foxy chestnut on the
upper tail-coverts ; the tail chestnut-red ; wing-coverts dull brown,
edged with tawny brown, so that they appear like the back ; the
greater coverts and the quiUs more naiTowly edged ; the innermost
secondaries light fulvous-brown, edged with tawny, with indistinct
cross lines of dark brown ; forehead, eyebrow, and a ring round the
eye tawny ; in front of the eye a triangular patch of dull fulvous ;
sides of face duU ashy brown, with a faint wash of fulvous ; cheeks
and under surface of body orange-buff, richer on the breast; the
lower abdomen fulvescent white ; under wing-coverts pale orange-
buff. Total length 5-9 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 2-7, tail 2-25,
tarsus 0-5.5.

ffab. Borneo.

66. siPHiA, 453

a,h. c? $ ad. sk. Sarawak. Henry Everett, Esq.

c, d. ^ ad. sk. Tagora, Sarawak. Henry Everett, Esq.

12. Siphia turcosa.

Cyornis turcosa, BrUgf/. Ahhandl. nat. J'er. Bremen, v. p. 457.

General colour above light blue, inclining to turquoise-blue on
the rump and upper tail-coverts ; least and median vviug-eoverts
bright cobalt, forming a conspicuous shoulder-patch ; remainder of
the wing-coverts and quills blackish, externally deep blue, the outer
primaries entirely black ; middle tail-feathers blue, the others blue
on the outer web, black on the inner ; foreliead turquoise-blue,
■which extends backwards over the eye ; lores black ; ear-coverts
deep blue ; cheeks and entire throat and breast light orange-buff ;
rest of under surface pure white, the under tail-coverts washed with
blue ; sides of body washed with light orange-buff; thighs blue, the
feathers tipped with white ; under wing-coverts and axillaries light
orange-buff, the edge of the wing bright blue. Total length 5'1
inches, culmen 0-6, wing 2-8, tail 2"25, tarsus 0-7.

Hah. Borneo and Malacca.

a. Ad. sk. Lumbidan. Governor Ussher [C.].

b. Ad. sk. Kessang, Malacca. M. A. Bouvier.

13. Siphia magnirostris.*

Cyornis, sp., Bhjth, Cat. B. Mvs. A. S. B. p. 17.3.

Cyornis magnirostiis, Bhjth, J. A. S. B. xviii. p. 814, xxxix. p. 100 ;
Jerd. B. I)id. i. p. 40'J ; Blyili, Ibis, 18GG, p. 371 ; Gvdicm-AKsten,
J. A. S. B. 1870, p. 100; Ihnne, Str. F. 1876, p. 223, et 1877,
pp. 339, 489 ; id. 4'- Davison, Sti: F. 1878, p. 229.

Niltava magnirostris, Gray, Iland-l. B. i. p. 326, no. 4890.

Adult male. Above deep ultramarine-blue, brighter on the rump
and upper tail-coverts ; forehead and line over each eye brighter and

■* I am unaequaiuted with the following species : —

SiPIlIA MANDELLII.

Cyornis mandellii, Hume, Str. F. 1874, p. 510, et 1876, p. 396.

Length 5'25 inches ; wing 21*, the third and fourth primaries equal, the fifth
slightly shorter, the second 0 3 and the first 1'4 shorter than the longest ; the
third quill is therefore slightly longer than in typical Cyarnis : tail from vent 2,
bill at front 04.^, tarsus O'O.

The legs and feet were apparently vei-y pale fleshy or pinkish white ; the
upper mandible blackish brown, paling just at the tip ; the lower mandible pale
yellowish horny ; the lores, a ring round the eye, and a patch at the base of the
lower mandible white ; the rictal and nariiil bristles black ; the forehead, crown,
occiput, cheeks, ear-coverts, and nape brown ; the mantle, rump, and ujiper
tail-coverts also brown, but more and more tinged with rufous as they approach
the latter, which are a decided rufous-brown ; wings hair-brown, darkest on the
primaries, the second of which has a barely perceptible whitish margin to the

454 MUSCICAPID.T5.

more smalt-blue ; lores, sides of face, and ear-coverts black, -with a
shade of blue on the latter ; wings deep blue, the quills dusky blackish,
edged with blue on the outer web ; tail-feathers deep blue, blackish
internally ; throat and breast orange, lighter on the former, the sides
of the chest rich ultramarine ; remainder of under surface of body
and under tail-coverts white ; sides of body and under wing-coverts
orange-buff; thighs deep blue; "bill dusky; legs pale whitish"
(Jerdon). Total length 6 inches, culmen 0*55, wiug 3"1, tail 2"5,
tarsus 0-7. (Mus. H. J. Elives.)

Adult female. General colour above olive-brown, the head and
nape ashy brown, washed slightly with olive ; sides of face and ear-
coverts ashy brown ; lores dull white ; round the eye a conspicuous
ring of dull white plumes ; wing-covcrts like the back, the greater
coverts and the quills brown, externally washed with reddish olive ;
primar^'-coverts dusky brown, contrasting with the rest of the wing;
upiier tail-coverts ratlicr more rufesecnt than the rest of the back ;
tail olivaceous, strongly washed with rufous, especially near the base
o£thc feathers ; under surface light orange-buii, the chin, abdomen,
and under tail-coverts white ; thighs dusky brown ; under wing-
coverts like the breast. Total length 5-5 inches, culmen 0"55, wing-
s'75, tail 2-3, tarsus 0-7. {Mtis. U. J. Elwes.)

Hah. Eastern Himalayas, extending into Southern Tcnasserim.

fl. c? ad. sk. Native Sikhim, June 1873. L. Mandelli, Esq. [P.].

6, e. c? ad. sk. Nepal. B. II. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

14. Siphia rufigula.

Cyomis rufigula, WaU. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 470; Wolden, Tr. Z. S. vii.

p. 66, pi. 7. fig. 3.
Siphia rufitrula, B/i/th, Ibis, 18(36, p. 372.
Niltava rufigula, Grat/, Haml-l. B. i. p. 326, no. 4887.

Adult male. General colour above uniform slaty blue, the wing-
coverts uniform with the back, with no brighter patch on the shoulder
or upper tail-coverts ; quills dusky brown, externally of the same
colour as the back ; tail-feathers blackish, washed with slatj' grey
on the margins ; lores, ear-coverts, and sides of face slaty black ;
entire throat and breast rich orange-rufous, the rest of the under
■ surface and under tail-coverts white; sides of body light orange-
outer web ; all the secondaries, tertiaries, and their greater and median coverts
margined with pale ferruginous on their outer webs ; tail hair-brown, tbe
feathers tinged on their outer webs, towards the bases, with the same rufescent
brown as the upper tail-coverts ; an indistinct pale-brown streak runs down on
either side, dividing the white patch at the base of the lower mandible from
the white medial portion of the chin and throat ; the breast, sides, and flanks
are pale brown, more or less margined and streaked with pale rufous-bufi'; the
wing-lining and axillaries and the inner margins of the quills towards their
bases pale rufous-buff; the abdomen, vent, and lower tail-coverts white ; the
tail is even ; the tarsi and feet are, perhaps, slightly slenderer than in deqans;
the bill is a great deal broader than in that species, almost exactly the same size
as in tickcUia. {Hume.)

Hah. Sikhim.

66. siPHiA. 455

fulvous, washed with grey ; thighs bhio ; sides of upper breast
bluish ; under wing-coverts light fulvous, the edge of the wing
slaty blue; quills ashy brown, fulvcsccnt along the inner web
lotal length 5-2 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2-7, tail 2-25, tarsus O'Co.

OI,s._ In the figure of this bird (Tr. Z. S. 7. c.) the artist has given
the thighs as white instead of slaty blue.

Hah. Celebes.

«. 6 ad. sk. Menado, Celebes. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].

(Type of species.)

15. Siphia nigrorufa.

Saxicola nigromfa, Jerd. Madr. Jonrn. x. p. 260.
Muscicapa rufula, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 66.

Niltava nigrorufa, Gruy, Gen. B. i. p. 264 j id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 326

no. 4892. ^ '

Ochromela nigrorufa, Bhjth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 129; id. Cat. B Mus

^h^- ^\^- V'^' ^1'- ^'"'"P- '^- P- ^^'^'■' ^"''^f- ^- ^loore, Cat. b\
Mus. E.I Co. 1. p. 289; Jcrd. B. Lul i. p. 462 ; Hume, Ne.,ts mid
Eijgs Ind. B. p. 20/ ; ul. Sir. F. 1876, p. 896 ; Fairb. Str. F 1877
p. 401. '

Adult male (type of species). Head, nape, and hind neck slaty
black ; rest of upper surface of body, including the scapulars, orange-
rufous ;_wing black, the quills rather browner; tail orange'; cheeks
and entire under surface of body orange-rufous, paler and i'ncliuino-
to bufty white on the abdomen; thighs slaty grey; under wino--
coverts pale orange ; quills dusky brown below, edged with white
along the edge of the inner web ; " bill black ; legs dirty reddish ;
ii-is hazel-brown" (Jerdon). Total length 47 inches wino- 2-4
tail 1-9, tarsus 0-8. ' " '

Adult fiviale. Duller than the male, the head dusky brown instead
of blackish; wings browner than in the male, the wing-coverts
washed with orange. Total length 4-6 inches, culmen 0-45, wino-
2-3, tail 1-8, tarsus 0-8. "

Hab. Southern India and Ceylon.

a. c? ad. sk. Neilgheny Mountains. Dr. Jerdon [P.]. (Type

of species.)

b. 2 ad. sk. Neilgherry Mountains. Dr. Jerdon [P.l.

c. 2 ad. sk. S. India. R. Cole, Esq. [P.].

16. Siphia strophiata.

Siphia strophiata, ITodc/s. Ind. Beriru; i. p. 651 ; Gray, Cat. Mamm
6,-e. I^^epal Cull. Hodi/s. p. 92 ; Bli/th, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 125 • id
Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 171 ; Ildy-^^f. S, Moore, Cat. B. Mus. 'e.L
Co. 1. p. 29.3; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 479; Godwin-Austen, J. A .S B
1870, p. 101; Suinli. P.Z.S. 1871, p. .381; Bb/th ^- Walden B.
Burm. p. 10;3 ; Eavid cS" Oustal. Ois. Chine, p. 115; Hume &■ Davi-
son, Str. F. 1878, p. 2.32. ' i- ' , ^c

Dimorpba strophiata, Hodgs. P. Z. S. 1845, p. 26 ; id. in Grau's
Zool. Misc. p. 83 ; Bp. Cotisp. i. p. 319.

456 MUSCICAPID^.

Niltava stropliiata, Gray, Ge». B. i. p. 2G4 ; id. Iland-l. B. i. p. 326,

no. 4900.
Menetica stropliiata, Cab. J.f. 0. 1866, p. 393.

Ailult male. Above olive-brown, the feathers of the rump long
and silky, -with a subterminal bar of white ; upper tail-coverts and
two centre tail-feathers blackish, the next feather on each side with
a -white bar on the outer web, all the other feathers white for the
basal half, blackish for the terminal half ; least wing-coverts slaty
grey, the remainder brown, edged with the same colour as the back ;
the greater coverts and secondaries rather broadly margined with
rusty brown, the edges narrower on the primaries ; a narrow frontal
line,' lores, and feathers round the eye black, succeeded by a tolerably
broad frontal line of white, extending backwards over the fore part
of the eye, the neighbouring part of the vertex being shaded with
grey ; sides of face, ear-coverts, and throat slaty black, succeeded by
a jugular patch of orange-chestnut; entire breast slaty grey, the
centre of the body and under tail-coverts whitish, the flanks oliva-
ceous brown ; thighs slaty grey ; under wing-coverts and axillarics
light ochraceous buff, those near the edge of the wing dark slate-
colour ; quills dark brown below, whity brown along the edge of
the inner web ; " bill black ; legs brown ; iris dark brown " (Jerdon).
Total length 5 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2-9, tail 2-2, tarsus 0-75.

Adult female. As figured by Mr. Hodgson, the female has the
sides of the face and throat grey and the gorget much paler orange-
rufous ; the breast is also much paler grey ; the white frontlet is
also nearly obsolete. Examples answering to this identification are
in the Museum, and specimens of the female bird in Colonel God-
win-Austen's collection confirm the above determination.

Young. Eobin-like. Mottled all over with spots of ochraceous
buff, the feathers having dusky blackish margins, the head streaked
with ochraceous ; an indication of a white frontlet ; under surface
much as in adult female, but the breast mottled with ochraceous
spots to the feathers ; on the fore neck a slight appearance of orange-
rufous.

06s. In Hodgson's own list of his drawings in the ' Zoological
Miscellany,' the numbers given for this species are 424, 430, 476,
714. The three former are represented, in plate 83, as arranged in
the typical set in the British Museum. No 714 is Antldpes moni-
liger (plate 85, Mus. Brit.). I believe that the actual specimens
from which the above drawings were taken are all in the Miiseum
collection.

Hah. Himalaya Mountains, ranging into Eastern China, the
Khasia hills, and hiUs of Tenasserim.

a. S 2 ^^- st- Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

b-f. cJ ad.; ff,h. $ ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.l.

i,'k, I, m. JuY.sk. Nepal. _ B. II. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

n,o p. <S ad. sk. Miissoorie. Gapt. Stackbouse Pinwill [P.].

q',r. Ad. sk. Darjiling. Gapt. G. H. T. Marshall [P.].

s! Ad. sk. Naga bills. Colonel Godwin- Austen [P.J.

06. SIPHIA. 457

17. Siphia ruficauda.

Mu8cicapa ruficauda, Swains. Nat. Libr,, Ftyc. p. 1^51 ; Gray, Gen. B.

i. p. 263.
Museicapa rubecula, Jenl. Madi: Journ. xiii. p. 171 (riec Lath., nee

Swains.).
Butalis ruficauda, Bbjth, J. A. S. B. x\i. p. 120.
Cyornis aequalicauda, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xx. p. 523.
Cyornis ruficauda, Jerdon, B. Ind. i. p, 468 ; Gudw.- Austen, J. A. S.

B. 1870, p. 268 ; Brooks, Str. F. 1875, p. 235 ; Fairh. Str. F. 1876,

p. 257 ; Hume, t. c. p. 390 ; Butler, Str. F. 1877, p. 228 ; Brooks,

t. c. p. 470.
Niltava ruficauda, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 325, no. 4884.

Adult female. General colour above ashy brown, shading off' -into
buff on the rump, and thence into rufous on the upper tail-coverts ;
tail rufous, the feathers ashy brown on the outer web, the two
centre feathers entirely of the latter colour ; wing-coverts ashy
brown, the quills dusky, externally ashy brown like the back ; the
greater coverts with narrow pale tips ; lores and a conspicuous ring
of feathers round the eye whitish ; ear-coverts ashy brown, with
narrow whitish shaft-lines ; cheeks and under surface of body dull
whitish, ashy on the breast and flanks ; thighs ashy ; under wing-
and tail-coverts fulvescent ; quills ashy brown below, fulvous along
the inner web ; " bill dusky ; iris deep brown " (Jerdon). Total
length 4-5 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 3-1, tail 245, tarsus 0-65.

Young. Similar to the adult, but more olivaceous, and mottled
with pale fulvous spots, margined with blackish, the greater coverts
externally pale orange-buff ; below buffy white, the breast mottled
with dusky edges to the feathers.

Hab. Indian peninsula.

Ad. sk. Nellore. Dr. Jerdon [P.].

$ ad. sk. Himalayas. Dr. Stoliczka [P.

Juv. sk. Himalayas. Dr. Stoliczka [P

18. Siphia olivacea.*

Cyornis olivacea, Hume. Str. F. 1877, p. 338 ; id. Sf Daxiison, Str. F.
1878, p. 229.

• The following species is unknown to me. As with the allied olive-backed
birds of the genus Siphia, I believe it probnble that it will prove to be the female
or young of some bright -coloured male. It is very probably not a Cyornis at
all, and may turn out to be Ehinomyias pectoralis.

Siphia albo-olivacba.

Cyornis albo-olivacea, Hume, Str. F. 1877, p. 488.

Entire bill black ; legs and feet white ; claws very pale horny ; entire lores
white, or greyish white ; forehead, occiput, crown, cheeks, ear-coverts, entire
mantle, a slightly rufescent olive-brown, slightly more riifesceut on the rump ;
tail rufous-brown, margined with dull pale ferruginous on the outer webs;
wings rather pale hair-brown ; all the feathers but the primaries margined
broadly on the outer webs with the colour of the back, slightly more rufescent
on the secondaries and tertiaries, which are almost entirely of this colour ; chin,

VOL. IV. 2 H

458 MFsciCAPiDJi:.

Adult female. General colour above dull olivaceous, the head and
nape greyer ; sides of head, cheeks, and ear-coverts ashy grey, with
lio-hter shaft-lines to the ear-coverts ; lores dull white ; feathers
round the eye huffy whitish ; wing-coverts and quills ashy brown,
edo-ed with the same colour as the back, rather more fulvescent on
the greater coverts and quills : tail dull brown, externally pale
rufous ; under surface of body white, the fore neck, breast, and
sides of body ashy fulvous : under wing-coverts and axillaries white,
the edge of the wiug olivaceous brown. Total length 5-8 inches,
culmen 0-5, wing 3, tail 2-5, tarsus 0-7.

Hah. Northern Tenasserim provinces, Java, Eorneo.

a, h. 5 ad. sk. East Java. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [0.].

c. 5 ad. sk. Sarawak, Borneo. Henry Everett, Esq. [C.].

67. DIGENEA. ,„

Digvnea, Hodgsoii, P. Z. S. 1845, p. 20 D. leucomelanura.

Autliipes, Bli/th, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 122 (1847). . D. moniliger.

Foot of Digenea nioniliger.

Bmnje. Himalaya Mountains, Burmese countries to Tenasserim,
Sumatra.

Key to the Species.

a. Above grey, with a bright blue eyebrow and

forehead.

a'. Below greyish white leucomelanura c? , p. 459.

h'. Below fawn-colour cerviniventris cS , p. 460.

b. Above rufous or olive-brovra.

e'. With no white gorget, the throat being

pale yellowish buiF leucomelanura J , p. 459.

d'. With a distinct white gorget, surrounded

by a line of black.
a". Ear-coverts and sides of face olive. . . . moniliger, p. 460.
. h". Ear-coverts and sides of face rufous.

a'". Forehead pale orange-buff suhmonUiger, p. 461.

b'". Forehead rufous solitaria, p. 46] .

throat, upper breast, abdomen, vent, lower tail-coverts, wing-lining, and axil-
laries pure white ; a broad greyish olivaceous pectoral band ; sides tinged with
the same colour. Length 6'25 inches, tail 2"9, wing 31, bill from forehead
straight to point O'T, tarsus 0'65. {Hume.)
Hab. Malacca.

459

1. Digenea leucomelannra. (Plate XIII.)

Sipliia ? leucomelura, Hodgs. Icon, ined., Passeres, pi. 215 {Hodrjs.

no. 419).
Digoiiea leiicomelainira, Hodr/g. Icon, ined., Passeres, App. pi. 11.3; id.

m Grai/s Zool. Misc. p. 84 ; id. P. Z. S. 1845, p. ^6 ; Grai/, Vat.

Mamm. ^c. Nepal Coll. Hodys. p. 92 : Horsf. &• Moore, Vat. B.

Mus. E.I. Vo. i. p. 294.

.Sipliia leueoraelaiuira, Bli/th, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 126 ; id. Cat. B. Mus.

A. S. B. p. 172; Jerd. B. Iitd. i. p. 479; Brooks, Sir. F. 1875,
p. 235.

Siphia tricolor, Bhjth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 126 ; id. Cat. B. 3Ii/s. A. S.

B. p. 172; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 478; Brooks, Sir. F. 1877, p. 471.
Diiiiorpha leiicomelamira, lip. Consp. i. p. yl9.

Diuiorpha tricolor, Bp. Consp. i. p. 310.

Niltava, sp., Grai/, Iland-l. B. i. p. 327, no. 4905.

Niltava leucomelannra, Grai/, Hand-l. B. i. p. 327, no. 4906.

Siphia minuta, Hume, Ibis, 1872, p. 110 ; Brooks, t. c. p. 470.

Adult male. Above dull slatj' blue, brighter and more asbj' blue
on the forehead and crown ; ear-coverts dark slaty blue, a narrow
frontal line, lores, feathers in front of and below the eye, and the
fore part of the checks slaty black, shading into the dark grey of
the ear-coverts ; wing-coverts slaty blue like the back, the greater
series blackish brown, externally washed with slaty blue, the inner
secondaries coloured like the greater coverts, and washed with slaty
blue in the same manner ; primaries brown, edged with lighter and
somewhat more ochraceous brown ; upper tail-coverts darker than
the back ; tail black, white at the base, the two centre feathers
entirely black ; throat white ; remainder of under surface of body
ashy grey, the tlanks dull greyish, the sides of the upper breast slaty
blue, the centre of the abdomen white ; under tail-coverts dusky
blackish, with longitudinal white central streaks ; thighs duisky
greyish ; under wing-coverts and axillaries pale ochraceous, with
blackish bases to the feathers ; quills ashy brown below, with light
fulvesccnt edges to the inner webs ; " bill dusky ; feet brown ; iris
dark brown " (Jerdon). Total length 4-G inches, culmen 0-4, wing
2-45, tail 2-2, tarsus 0-75.

Ad idt female. Above olive-brown, rather more rirfous on the fore-
head, and inclining to fulvescent brown on the rump ; upper tail-
covorts and tail chestnut, tlie latter browner at the tip, and having
indistinct transverse lines under certain lights ; lesser wing-coverts
olive-brown like the back, the median and greater scries dark brown,
edged with rufous and tip^ied with a light rufous spot on each ;
([uills dark brown, externally edged with rufous, more broadly on
the secondaries ; in front of the eye a dull whitish spot ; sides of
face olive-brown, darker on the car-coverts; the feathers round the
eye fulvescent, the cheeks and fore part of ear-coverts mottled with
spots of ochraceous bufl' ; throat light ochraceous brown, lighter in

400 MUSciCAriD-U.

the centre ; Lrcast, sides of body, and under tail-coverts light ochra-
ceous brown, washed with olive on the sides of the upper breast,
the centre of the abdomen whitish : thighs brown ; under wing-
coverts and axillaries light ochraceous buff ; quills sepia-brown below ,
mfeseent along the edge of the inner web. Total length 4*5 inches,
cirlnien 0*4, wing 2*35, tail 2, tarsus 0'7.
Hah. Himalaya Mountains.

a. S ad. sir. Sikbim, Jan. 1874. L. Mandelli, Esq. [P.l.

b. $ ad. sk. Sikhim, Oct. 1873. L. Mandelli, Esq. [P.].
c,d. (S ?ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

e. (S ad. sk. Himalayas. Capt. Stackhouse FinwiU [P.].

/. 5 ad. sk. Himalayas. Purchased.

'2. Digenea cerviniventris.

SipMa tricolor, Godw.-Aust. J. A. >S. B. 1872, p. 142 (nee Hodr/s.).
Siphia leucomelauura, Godic.-Aust. J. A. S. B. 1878, p. \h(necBlyth).

Similar to D. Icucomclanura, but deep fawn-coloured underneath
instead of white. Total length 4 inches, culmen 0-35, wing 2-2,
tail 1-9, tarsus 0-7.

Hab. Khasia and neighbouring ranges of hills.

a. (5 ad. sk. Munipur hiUs. Colonel Godwin-Austen [P.].

Obs. The specimen presented by Colonel Godwin-Austen seems to
be so different from all the Himalayan skins, that it appears to be
a distinct species.

3. Digenea monilig-er. (Plate XIY. fig. 1.)

Dimorpha? moniliger, Hodf/s. P. Z. S. 1845, p. 26.

Anthipes gularis, B/i/fh, J. A. S. B. s-xi. p. 122 ; id. Ibis, 1805, p. 44.

Anthipes moniliger, Bbjth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 172 ; Bj). Cunsp.

i. p. 319 ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 477 ; BhjtJi &f Wald. B. Biirm. p. 103 ;

Hume, Str. F. 1877, p. 11-3.
Kiltava moniliger, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 326, no. 4902,

Adult. General colour above olive-brown, slightly fulvescent and
rather inclining to rufous on the rump ; least wing-coverts olive-
brown like the back, remainder of wing-coverts and quills ferru-
ginous, the latter sepia-brown on the inner web, the primaries
externally paler rufous ; primary-coverts dusky brown, contrasting
with the rufous of the wing ; upper tail-coverts and tail ferruginous,
the tail-feathers browner on the inner web ; lores and an iudistinct
eyebrow fulvous ; car-coverts and sides of face olive-brown, the
former with whitish shaft-lines ; throat white, margined all rorrnd
by a line of black feathers ; rest of under surface of body light
fulvous-brown, white in the centre of the abdomen, the lower flanks
and thighs somewhat tinged with rufous ; under wing-coverts ful-
vous, the lower ones whiter ; quills dull brown below, light rufous-
buff along the inner web ; " bill black ; legs and claws pale fleshy ;
iris dark brown " (Jerdon). Total length 4-2 inches, culmen 0-4
wing 2-35, tail 1-75, tarsus 0-8.

tJ". DIGEXKA. 461

A Darjiling specimen differs from the one described in having an
olive-greenish shade on the sides of the body.

Hah. Eastern Himalayas ; hills of Aracan ; Naga hills ; Karen
hills in Bnrmah.

a. Ad. St. Nepal. B. II. Hodgson, Esq. fP.].

h, c. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

d. Ad. sk. Darjiling. J. Fotheringham, Esq. [C.].

e. Ad. sk. Darjiling. Capt. C. H. T. Marshall [P.].

4. Digenea submoniliger.

Anthipes mouiliger, Hume, Sir. F. 1874, p. 475 {iiec Huclgs.).
Anthipes suhmoniliger, Hume, Sir. F. 1877, p. 105 ; id. iSf Dansoii,
Str. F. 1878, p. 2ii2.

A moderately broad frontal band, the whole of the lores, a stripe
over the eye, and a circle of feathers ronnd the eye (this latter also
is wanting in A. moniliger) rather pale orange buff; the entire
upper surface a rich, somewhat rufescent olive (somewhat lighter
and more rufescent than in A. moniUger), becoming ferruginous on
the upper tail-coverts ; the tail is deep ferruginous, brighter coloured,
and more rusty on the margins of the feathers ; wings hair-brown,
margins and visible portions of closed wing overlaid with a some-
what rufescent olivaceous tint ; a satiny-white patch commencing
at the point of the chin, and descending well upon the breast (1"35
inch in length), something the shape of an inverted hare-beU ; a very
narrow, scarcely noticeable brown line bounds this patch on either
side, and a narrow dark line below ; the rest of the breast, sides
and flanks, sides of the neck, cheeks, and ear-coverts olive, only
slightly paler than the upper surface, but the cheeks and ear-coverts
much more rufescent, and with a tinge of the colour of the lores ;
middle of abdomen, vent, and lower tail-coverts dull white ; shoulder
of the ■wing pale fulvous ; axiUaries silky white ; the bill black,
yellowish on lower mandible ; legs and feet very pale, probably in
life fleshy white. Length o'2 inches, wing 2"4o, tail 2, tarsus 0"87,
bill from forehead 0-C, from gape 0'61. (Hume.)

Hub. Tenasserim.

5. Digenea solitaria. (Plate XIV. fig. 2.)

Erythrosterna solitaria, S.MilUerin Vander Hoevm^s Ti/d-schi: 1835,

p. 351 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 319.
Anthipes solitaria, Bh/th, Ibis, 18G5, p. 44.
Muscicapa solitaria, Grai/, Hatid-l. B. i. p. 323, no. 4845.

Adult male (Singalong, Sumatra, S. Mi'iUer ; type of species),
(aeneral colour above rufous-brown, the head a little more dusky ;
Aving-coverts dark brown, edged witli rufous-brown like the back ;
quills dusky brown, with rufous margins to the outer webs, the
secondaries edged with rufous-bi'own, the innermo?t exactly like the
back : upper tail-coverts deep chestnut ; tail-feathers rufous-brown,

462 MUSCICAPID^.

washed with chestniit on the outer webs ; forehead, lores, feathers
over the eye, sides of face, cheeks, sides of throat, and a sijot at base
of chin rufous ; throat and fore neck pure white, surrounded by a
line of black ; breast rufous-ochre ; centre of the breast, abdomen, and
under tail-coverts white, washed with ochraceous brown, especially
on the flanks and under tail-coverts ; thighs ochraceous brown ;
under wing-coverts white, washed with brown ; quills dusky brown
below, more ashy along the edge of the inner web. Total length 5
inches, culmen O'-to, wing 2-05, tail 2-1, tarsus 0-85. (Mus. Lii'jcl.)

Aduh female. Like the male, the head a little more rufous and
not so dark brown. Total length 4-S inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2-6,
tail 1-95, tarsus 0-8. {Mus. Lugd.)

Hub. Island of Sumatra.

a. (S «id. sk. Siiigalong, Sumatra Leyden Museum [P.]. (One

{S. 3Iii!ler). of the typical specimens.)

68. NILTAVA. „

Type.

Niltava, Hoclr/s. Ind. Revtexv, i. p. 650 (1837) N. sundara.

Chaitaris, Hudgs. J. A. S. B. x. p. 29 (1841) N. sundara.

Bainopus, Uodgs. in Gray's Znol. Misc. p. 84 (1844) .... N. grandis.

Range. Himalaya Mountains, extending through the Burmese
countries to Southern China and Formosa.

Key to the Sj^tecies.
Males.

a. Beneath orange-rufous.

a'. Throat black or blue-black sundara, p. 4(i3.

h'. Throat washed with bright purplish blue .... vivida, p. 464.
h. Breast dusky greyish or cindery grey, slightly
washed with purple.
c'. Much larger ; forehead black ; crown smalt-
blue ; imder wing -coverts dusky, like the

breast grandis, p. 464.

d'. Very much smaller ; forehead bright smalt-
blue, hke fore part of crown ; under wing-
coverts white macgrigorire, p. 46"J.

Females.

a. With no blue spot on the side of the neck virida, p. 464.

fi. With a spot of bright blue on the sides of the
neck.
a'. Smaller ; with a white throat-spot.

a". Larger ; wing 3'1 inches : under wing-
coverts ochraceous buti' sundara, p. 463.

//'. Smallest; wing 2*43 inches: under wing-
coverts white macgrigorifv, p. 465.

b'. Much larger; wing .3-9 inches : throat rufous-
ochre grandis, p. 4U5.

68. XILTAVA. 463

1. Niltava sundara.

Niltava sundara, Hodgs. Tnd. Rev. i. p. 650 ; Graif, Cat. Mamm. l^-c.

Nepal Coll. Hudt/.s. p. 02 ; id. Gen. B. i. p. 264 ; Bhjth, Cat. B.

Mas. A. S. B. p. 174 ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 319; Horsf. ^- Moore, Cat.

B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 288 ; Jerd. B. Lid. i. p. 473 ; Gra>/, Hand-l

B. i. p. 325, no. 4875 : Godu-.-Amten, J. A. S. B. 1870, p. 101 ;

Hume, Nests and E(j(js Ltd. B. i. p. 213 ; Bli/t/i ^- Wald. B. Biirm.

p. 102; David i^- Oustal. Ois. Chine, p. 117; Hume (§• Davison, Sir.

F. 1878, p. 231.
Chaitaris sundara, Hodgs. Icon. ined.,Passeres, App. pi. 107 {Hodgs.

no. 142) ; id. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 84 ; Blyth, J. A. S. B. xi.

p. 189, xii. p. 940.
Chaitaris sordidus, Hodgs. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 84.
Cyanecula fastuosa, Less. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 226.

Adult male. General colour above blue-black : crown of head and
nape, lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts, as well as the least
wing-coverts, rich smalt-blue, the remainder of the wing-coverts
black, externally washed with deep blue : quills black, the secon-
daries washed ^vith blue on the outer web ; centre tail-feathers deep
blue, the others black, blue on the outer web ; forehead, lores, feathers
above the eye, ear-coverts, sides of face, and throat deep blue-black ;
on the side of the neck a line of glistening smalt-blue feathers ;
remainder of under surface of body orange-ferruginous, including
the under wing-coverts ; edge of wing blue-black, as well as the
adjoining small coverts ; thighs sooty black; " bill black ; legs brown ;
iris dark brown" (Jerdon). Total length 6-5 inches, culmen 0-45,
wing 3'1, tail 2-8, tarsus 0'85.

Adult female. Dififerent from the male. Ohvaceous brown above,
slightly more ashy on the head and back ; primary-coverts, greater
coverts, and quiUs dark brown, externally edged with dull ochre,
the inner secondaries washed entirely mth this colour ; upper tail-
coverts also washed with ochraceous ; tail rufous, browner on the
inner webs of the feathers ; lores and a ring of feathers round the
ej'e ochraceous buff ; sides of face and ear-coverts dull ashy brown,
with a narrow line of cobalt-bluo feathers traversing the sides of the
neck ; under surface of body olivaceous ash-colour, greyish in the
centre of the belly ; on the fore neck a large spot of white ; under
wing-coverts light ochraceous. Total length 6 inches, culmen 0-45,
wing 3-1, tail 2-6, tarsus 0-85.

Hah. Himalaya Mountains, extending into the Burmese countries
and Western China.

a-€. cS ad. ■,f-k. $ ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

l-o. Juv. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson. Esq. [P.].

p. S ad. sk. Kalsi, Feb. 0, 1808 R. B. Sharpe, Esq. rP.l

{G.F.L. Marshall).

2. Niltava vivida.

Cvornis vivida, Stcink. Ibi.<, 1864, p. .".03, et 1866, p. 393, pi. 11 ; id.
"p. Z. S. 1871, p. 380 ; David ^- Oustal. Ois. Chine, p. 116: Hume
(S- Davison, Str. F. 1878, p. 229.
Niltava vivida, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 326, no. 4889.

4G4 MUSCICAPIDJi.

Adult male. Above deep purplish blue, inclining to brilliant
smalt-bluo on the top of the head, lower back, rump, and upper
tail-coverts ; a narrow frontal line, lores, and feathers in front of
the eye black ; ear-coverts blue-black ; wing-coverts purplish blue,
a little brighter than the back ; quills black, washed externally with
purplish blue ; tail black, the feathers deep smalt-blue on the outer
web, the two centre feathers entirely smalt-blue ; under surface
of body orange-chestnut, excepting the throat, which is deep ultra-
marine or purplish blue ; lower flanks silky white, orange-rufous at
tip ; thighs blackish ; sides of breast black, washed with purplish
blue ; under wing-coverts orange-rufous like the breast ; quills dusky
below, greyish along the inner web ; " bill black ; legs and feet
dark brown, purplish brown, purplish plumbeous : iris deep brown"
{Davison). Total length 5-7 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 3-25, tail 2-65,
tarsus 0-75.

Adult female. General colour above olive-brown, with a grey
shade on the mantle ; head dull grey ; wing-coverts and quills dusky
brown, with ochraceous-olive margins; upper • tail-coverts clearer
olive ; tail-feathers dark brown, externally olive ; lores, base of
forehead, and feathers round the eye deep ochraceous buff; ear-
coverts ashy olive, with fulvous shaft-lines ; throat ochraceous buff ;
the sides of the neck, breast, and sides of the body ashy olive ; the
centre of the breast washed with ochraceous buff, the under tail-
coverts entirely of the latter colour ; centre of abdomen whitish ;
thighs olive-brown ; under wing-coverts ochraceous buff ; quills
sepia-brown below, ashy along the inner web. Total length 5'8
inches, culmen 0-5, wing 3-3, tail 2-4, tarsus 0*75.

Hub. Formosa ; Tenasserim Provinces.

a. cS ad. sk. Formosa, March 1866. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.].

(Spec, figured, /. c.)
h. 5 ad. sk. Formosa, March 1866. E. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.].

3. Niltava grandis.

Chaitaris grandis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xi. p. 189, xii. p. 940.

Niltava grandis. Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 264 ; Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi.

p. 424; id. Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 174; Bp. Consp. i. p. 819;

jSorsf. ^ Moore, Cat. B. Mtis. E.I. Co. i. p. 288; Jerd. B. Ind. i.

p. 476 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 825, no. 4877 ; Godw.-Austen, J. A.

S. B. 1870, p. 101 ; Hume, Str. F. 1874, p. 475 ; id. Nests and

Eggs Ind. B. p. 215 ; Blyth 8^ Wald. B. Burm. p. 102 ; Hume, Str.

F. 1877, p. 103 ; id. ^- Davison, Str. F. 1878, p. 232.
Bainopus irenoides, Hodgs. Icon, ined., Passeres, pi. 211, et App.

pi. 105 {Hodgs. no. 284) ; id. in Grays Zool. Misc. p. 84.
Bainopus grandis, G)-ay, Cat. Mamm. 8fc. Nepal Coll. Hodgs. p. 91.

Adult male. General colour above dark purplish blue, the crown
and nape, rump, and upper tail-coverts smalt-blue ; least upper
wing-coverts smalt-blue, the rest of the coverts and the quills
blackish, externally washed with blue ; tail-feathers purplish blue,
all but the two centre ones internally black ; forehead, lores, feathers
above the eye, ear-coverts, sides of face, and entire thro:it and fore

68. NILTAVA. 465

neck black ; doTrn the side of the neck a transverse line of bright
smalt-blue feathers ; rest of inider surface of bodj- duskj- blackish,
somewhat shaded ^^-ith purple and with more or less of an ashy hue ;
under wiug-coverts also ashy blackish, the edge of the wiug purplish
blue; quills blackish below, browner along the inner web; "bill
black ; legs reddish black : iris dark brown." Total length 8 inches,
culmen 0*7, wing 3'95, tail 36, tarsus 1.

Adult female. Different from the male. Above reddish olivaceous
brown, greyer on the head and neck ; wings reddish, the quills
internally dark brown ; upper tail-coverts rufescent ; tail deep
rufous ; forehead and eyebrow rufous ochre ; ear-coverts dull brown,
with ochraceous shaft-streaks ; on the sides of the neck a streak of
bright cobalt ; throat ochre ; rest of under surface rufous-ochre,
rather greyer on the abdomen, as also the under wing-coverts ;
quills dark brown, rufous along the edge of the inner web ; thighs
deep brown. Total length 7'5 inches, wing 3'9, tail 3'4, tarsus 1.

Nestlinr/. Rufous above and below, mottled all over, like a young
Robin or Blackbird, with spots of deep ochre, edged with black, the
spots lighter on the head ; under surface mottled with blackish
edgings to the feathers.

Bab. Himalaya Mountains, extending into the Burmese countries.

a. cf ad. ; b. c? juv. st. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

c-f- d ; ff-f^- 2 ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

l-o. Pull. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

p. S jnv. sk. Darjiling. Sec. of State for India [P.].

4. Niltava macgrigoriae.

Pbcenicura margi-igorife, Bwion, P. Z. S. 1835, p. 152.

Niltava fuligiuiveuter, Iloch/s. Ltd. Hev. i. p. 650.

Chaitaris fuliginiventer, Hodgs. Icon, iiied., Passeres, A})}), pi. lOG
(Hodffs. no. 14-3).

Leiothrix signata, M'CleU. P. Z. S. 1839, p. 162.

Cliaitaris macgrigorife, Bh/th, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 940.

Dimorpha auricularis, Jlodys. J. A. S. B. \n. p. 940.

Kiltava macgrigorise, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 264; id. Cat. Mainm. %c.
Nepal Coll. Hodys. p. 91 ; Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. pp. 124, 473 ;
id. Cat. B. Mas. A. S. B. p. 174; Bp. Consp. i. p. 319; Horsf. <^
Moore, Cat. B. Mas. £.1. Co. i. p. 289; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 474;
Grai/, Ila/id-l. B. i. p. J25, no. 4876; Godic- Austen, J. A. S. B.
1870, p. 101; Iltimv, Str. F. 1874, p. 475; /(/. Nests and Eygs
Ind. B. p. 214 ; Bli/th i^- Wald. B. Barm. p. 102; mime ^- Davi-
son, Str. F. 1878, p.' 231.

Niltava vivida, Hume, Str. F. 1874, p. 475 (nee Swinhoe).

Adult male. General colour above rich purjdish blue, tlie forehead,
eyebrow, rump, and upper tail-coverts very brilliant and rich cobalt;
down the sides of the neck a transverse streak of bright cobalt ;
least wing-covcrts purplish blue, like the back, rest of the coverts
and quills lilack, edged externally with pur]ilish blue ; tail-feathers
deep purplish blue, all but the centre feathers black on the inner
Tveb : lores, feathers above the eye, sides of face, and entire throat

VOL, IV. 2 I

4G6 MtrsciCAPiDiE.

deep purple ; rest of under surface of body cindory grey, slightly
washed with purple, ashy whitish on the abdomen and iinder tail-
COTorts ; under wing-coverts and axillaries pure white ; quills
blackish below, lighter along the edge of the inner web ; " bill
black ; legs reddish black ; iris dark brown " {Jerdoii). Total
length 4*6 inches, culmen 0-4, wing 2'45, tail 2*15, tarsi;s 0'6.

Adult female. Plain olivaceous brown above, lighter beneath, with
the neck-patch of a light lavender-blue.

Toiinr/. Blackish ; the feathers of the upper surface spotted, and
the breast streaked, with ochraceous buff; tail purplish blue ; wings
black, the feathers externally washed with purple ; breast, abdomen,
and under wing-coverts pure white, as in the adult.

Ilab. Himalayas, extending into the Bui-mese countries.

a. c? ad. St. Nepal. B. II. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

h, c, d. S ad. St. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [Rl

e. 2 ad. ; /. ^ juv. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

g,l>- c? $ ad.; i, Juv. sk. Daijiling. J. Fotheringham, Esq. [P.].

69. CASSINIA. „

Type.

Cassinia, Hartl. Rev. et Mag. de Zod. 1860, p. 82 C. fraseri.

Cf. Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 53.

Range. Confined to Africa.

Key to the Species.

a. Outer tail-feathers pale orange-rufous towards the
tip; upper surface ohve-brown, washed with
rufous; lower back, rump, and upper tail-
coverts chestnut fraseri, p. 46G.

h. Outer tail-feathers white at the ends ; upper sur-
face ashy brown, with a very slight tinge of
rufous on the rump and upper tail-coverts .... Jinschi, p. 467.

c. Outer tail-feathers grey, like the rest of the tail ;

upper surface ashy grey semipartita, p. 468.

1. Cassinia fraseri,

Muscicapa fraseri, StricM. P. Z. S. 1844, p. 101 ; Allen 4 Thomps.

Exped. Niger, ii. p. 491 ; Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p, 95 ; Bouvier, Cat.

Ois. Marche i^-c. p. 19.
Butalis fraseri, Bp. Consp. i. p. .318.
Cassinia rubicimda, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1860, p. 82; id. J. f. O. 1861,

p. 168 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 54, pi. 2. tig. 1 ; id. Cat. Afr. B.

p. 42, no. 398; Bocage, Orn. Aiu/ola, p. 189; Sharpe ^ Bouvier,

Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1877, p. .'?b7.
Smithornis fraseri, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 324, no. 4869.
Sniithomis rubicunda, Gray, t. c. i. p. 324, no. 4870.
Cassinia fraseri, Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 54.

Adult male (type of species). General colour olive-brown, some-
what inclining to rufoiis-brown, darker on the head; the lower back,

69. CASsiNiA. 467

rump, and upper tail-coverts deep orange-chestnut ; wing-coverts
darker brown, the outer webs olive-brown, with rufescent edges ;
quills ashj- brown, externally olive-brown, with a strong shade of
orange-rufous towards the base of the primaries, all the secondaries
orange-rufous at the base; tail-feathers brown, the centre ones
slightly tipped with whitish, the two next for the most part brown,
shading off obliquely into orange-rufous on the outer web, this cha-
racter more developed on the penultimate and still more on the
outermost tail-feather, which is pale rufous, incliiiing to brown
towards the base ; sides of face olive-brown, like the head, the ear-
coverts streaked with fulvous along the shafts ; under surface of
body rich orange-rufous, the throat paler and more ashy, the feathers
edged with orange-buff ; the under wing-coverts pale fawn-colour ;
quills below ashy brown, the rufous bases to the inner webs form-
ing a very conspicuous patch. Total length 7"3 inches, culmen 0-6,
wing 3-8, tail 3-15, tarsus O-So.

Hah. West Africa : Gaboon and Fernando Po to the Congo.

«. S ad. sk. Fernando Po. L. Fraser, Esq. [C.]. (Tj'pa

of species.)

b. Ad. sk. Gaboon. M. Yerreaux. (Type of C.

rubicumla.)

c. Ad. sk. Gaboon (R. B. N. Walker). E. B. Sharps, Esq.

d. (S ad. sk. Massabe, Congo, Jid}' 7,1870. MM. Lucan and Petit [C] .

2. Cassiuia fiuschi.

Cassinia finschi, Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, pp. 53, 474, pi. 2. fig. 2 ; id. Cat.
Afr. £. p. 42, no. 399.

Adult (type of species). Above ashy grey, inclining to rufous on
the rump ; quills brown, the inner web light rufous at the base,
especially on the secondaries, the outer web of the primaries mar-
gined with deep rufous ; tail dark brown, the two middle feathers
light umber-brown, the outer ones for the most part white, brown
at the base, and showing a little brown on the outer web, the next
for the most part brown, white only towards the tip, while the next
have only a white tip : throat, cheeks, and ear-coverts dusky grey,
mottled with pale rufous, darker on the latter : rest of under sur-
face of body deep sienna ; under wing-coverts for the most part
pale rufous, washed here and there with dark brown ; bill black ;
feet light brown. Total length 6-8 inches, culmen 0"55, wing 3-9,
tail 3'2, tarsus 0-7.

Mab. West Africa, Gold Coast.

a. Ad. sk. Fantee. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.

(Type of species.)

b, c. Ad. sk. Fantee {Govci-nor Usshei-). P. B. Shai-pe, Esq.
d. Ad. sk. Fantee (Aubinn). P. B. Sharpe, Esq.

2i2

468

MUSCICAriD^.

3. Cassinia semipartita.

Muscicapa semipartita, Riqrp. Ketie Wirh. pi. 40. fig. 1 ; Gray, Gen.

B. i. p. 2G3; Riipp. Sijst. Uehers. p. 6], no. 209; Hmyl Syst.

Vehers. p. 31, no. 299 ; Antin. Descr. Ucc. p. 45.
Biitalis semipartita, J5/j. Consp. i. p. 318.
Cassinia semipartita, Heuyl. Orn. K.O.-Afr. p. 433: SJiarne, Ibis,

ISrO, p. 4.33, et 1873, p. 156.
Platjstira semipartita, Gray, Hand-l. li. i. p. 330, no. 4952.

Adult. General colour above ashy grey, lighter on the lower
back and rump ; the tail uniform with the back, the shafts of the
feathers black, the tips of the outermost narrowly white ; wing-
coverts like the back, the primaries blackish, externally hoary grey,
the inner secondaries like the back ; sides of face ashy grey, like
the head ; the feathers in fi-ont of and round the eye whitish ; cheeks
and under surface of body orange-rufous, including the under wing-
coverts and axillaries ; quills ashy brown below, greyish along the
inner web; "bill blackish; feet dusky lead- colour: iiis umber-
brown " (Heiiglin). Total length 7 inches, culmen Q-oo, wing 3-55,
tail 3-25, tarsus 0*75.

Sab. North-eastern Africa.

a, l\ Ad. sk. White Nile. . Pm-chased.

ADDENDA.

^^(j . Page 2. Cochoa viridis.

6. Sternum. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

Page 30, Graucalus melanops.

Add as synonyms : —

Choucari aux joues noires, Somhr. et Jacq. Voti. Pole Stid, Atlas,

pi. 8. fig. 2.
Graucalus melanogenys, Jacq. et Pucher. Voy. Pule Sml, texte, iii.

p. 67.

^^^ . Page 33. Graucalus javensis.

c,d. Skeleton. Java. Purchased.

Page 44. Edoliisoma caerulescens.
The late Marquis of Tweeddale, shortly before his death, lent me
his series of this species, and from this it appears that the character
which I relied on for the distinction of the species, viz. the grey
rump, is a sign of immaturity, and that the fully adult bird is per-
fectly black. The " Key to the Species " on p. 42 should therefore
be modified as follows : —

a'. Black above and below.

a". I'lumage glossy black, without any shades

of OTeen or purple c<erulescens cJ , p. 44,

h". Ttefiexions of black plumage purple ni(irum (S , p. 45.

c'. Reflexions of black plumage green disjMir cS , p. 40.

Adult female (Cebu, April 1877, A. Everett). 3IucL lighter than
the male, having a wash of blackish slate-colour all over the upper
surface ; the feathers of the rump and upper tail-coverts with slaty-
grey edges ; wing-coverts like tiie back ; bastard wing, primary-
coverts, and quills deep black, the secondaries with slaty-black edges ;
tail-feathers black, the outer ones with a terminal shade of ashy
brown ; lores blackish ; sides of face and under surface of bodj- dark
slate-colour ; " biU and legs black ; iris dark brown " (A. Everett),
Total length 10-3 inches, culmen 0-9, wing 4-9, tail 4-5, tarsus 0-9.
(Mus. Afarquis of Tweeddale.)

470 ADDENDA.

Page 49.
For Edoliisoma timoriensis read Edoliisoma timoriense.

Page 55, Add, as an additional species : —

15 rt. Edoliisoma mindanense.
Volrocivora mindanensis, Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1878, part 4.

Adult male (Zamboanga, April 1878, A. Everett ; type of species).
General colour above light slaty blue, lighter on the rump, and
shading off much paler on the upper tail-coverts, which have hoary
whitish edgings ; wing-coverts like the back, the greater coverts and
the inner secondaries externally hoary grey : bastard plumes, pri-
mary-coverts, and quills black, with slaty-grey margins and tips to
the primaries, the secondaries with broader and lighter grey edgings ;
tail-feathers black, with a narrow edging of grey at the tip, the
two outermost feathers with a terminal spot of grey, larger on the
external one ; a narrow frontal band, feathers above the eye, sides
of face, throat, and fore neck black, shading off on the chest ; sides
of neck and under surface of body light slaty blue, shading off into
paler ashy grey on the lower abdomen, vent, and under tail-coverts ;
thighs darker slaty grey ; under wing-coverts and axillaries like the
breast ; quills blackish below, the inner webs light grey ; " biU and
legs black ; iris dark brown " {A. Everett). Total length 8-5 inches,
culmen 0*85, wing 4-65, tail 3'7, tarsus 0-85. (Mus. Marquis of
Tiveeddale.)

Adult female (Zamboanga, April 1878). Uniform in colour, but
differing from the male in being lighter blue-grey, paling into
silvery grey on the lower back, rump, and upper tail-covorts, the
edges to the greater wing-eoverts and secondaries also lighter grey
than the back ; tail black, slightly tipped with ashy grey, the two
centre feathers ashy grey, with black at the ends ; under surface of
body light ashy grey, the vent and under tail-coverts pearly grey ;
no black on the forehead or sides of face, excepting a dusky spot in
front of the eye ; under wing-coverts and axillaries light pearly grey,
as also the inner lining of the quills ; " iris dark brown " {Everett).
Total length 9 inches, culmen 0-85, wing 4-5, tail 3-6, tarsus 0-85.
{Ihis. Marquis of Tweeddale.)

Hah. Island of Mindanao, Philippine archipelago.

Ohs. The types of this species, kindly lent to me by the Marquis
of Tweeddale, show that it is closely allied to E. morio, but that it
differs by the characters given above, and by the uniform colour
of the female plumage.

Its position in the " Key " (p. 43) would be as follows : —

a^. Under sm-face luiiforni below, the
breast not paling off lighter to-
wards the under tail- coverts ; pii-
maiies white on the inner web . . morio (f , p. 54.

l". Under tail -coverts pale gi'ey, the
abdomen also gradually paler than

ADDENDA, 47l

the breast; qiiilla grey along the

inner web, not white " mindanmse, p. 470.

Lord Twecddale also told rae, shortly before his death, that he had
yet another new species of Edoliisoma from Luzon.

^^j(2 . Page 6.5. Campopliaga lugul)ris.

V. Bones. Nepal. B. II. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

^^^ . Page 68. Campophaga neglecta.

a. cS ad. sk. Bankasoon, British Burma, W. Davison, Esq. [C.].

April 29, 1877.

Page 69. Campopliaga polioptera.

On comparing the above-mentioned female specimen of Mr. Hume s
Volvocivora neyleda with the female of C. polioptera (which is not
in. very good condition, and therefore was not figured), the latter
bird seems rather larger and lighter grey, but a larger series may
show that the two species are identical. I compared the male bird
of Campophacia polioptera with Mr. Hume's descrix^tion of V.nefjlecta,
and separated it on account of the grey wing-coverts, which is a
strong feature in my new species. It would not be correct to de-
scribe the birds in the Museum as having the median and greater
coverts black, edged with the colour of the back, as Mr. Hume's
description implies, and therefore the two species may perhaps be
quite distinct.

^^^. Page 71. Pericrocotus speciosus.

s. Bones. Nepal. B. II. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

^^^ . Page 75. Pericrocotus flammeus.

e,f. cJ ? ad. sk. Mahabaleshwar hiUs. Colonel Start [P.].

^^^ . Page 76. Pericrocotus peregrinus.

y. S ad. sk. Mahabaleshwar hiUs. Colonel Sturt [P.].

s. 9 ad. sk. Sambbur Lake, May 22, 1873 R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].
{H. M. Adam).

^^^ . Page 79. Pericrocotus brevirostris.

r. Bones. Nepal. B. II. Hodgson, Esq. [P.].

Page 91. Lalage melanoleuca.

As the female of this species has not yet been described, I add the
description of a specimen in the Leyden Museum : — •

Adult female. Different from the male. Above delicate grey, the
rump paler, the feathers being edged with grey, the upper tail-

472 ADDENDA.

coverts more broadl)^ edged with white ; least wing-coverts like the
back, the rest black, margined with green ; the innermost of the
median series pure white, as well as the inner greater coverts ; the
quiUs black, narrowly bordered with green ; the inner secondaries,
on the other hand, externally white, forming a long alar bar ; quills
black, margined with green, the two outermost tipped with white ;
sides of face and under surface of body white, with grey cross bars,
those on the fore neck small and blackish ; under tail-coverts white ;
under wing-coverts and broad inner web of quills white. Total
length 8 inches, culmen ()■[), wing 4-55, tail 3-2, tarsus 0"9. {Miis.

^^^. Page 103. Lalage fimbriata.

/. Skeleton. Java. Purchased.

Page 132. Insert : —

7. Alseonax mandellii.
Siphia mandellii, nobis, supra, p. 453, note.

As the concluding pages of this Addenda were being written, the
Museum acquired, from the collection of duplicates sent home by
Mr. Hume to England, a specimen which I have identified as the
Cyomis mandelli of Hume. The bird is labelled Ct/ornis magni-
rostris § , but of this being a mistake there can be scarcely any
doubt.

The species is an Alseonax, closely allied to A. muttui of Ceylon,
but differing in its browner under surface, where the fulvous-brown
colour overshadows the whole breast and flanks ; whereas in A.
muttui the breast is white, as weU as the abdomen and under tail-
coverts, extending also much higher up the breast than in A. man-
dellii.

Page 145.

In the " Key to the Species," in the description of Plati/stira pel-
tata, for chin and rest of under surface of body black, read chin &c.
white.

Page 148. Add :—

4. Platystira mentalis.
Platjstira mentalis, Bocoye, Jorn. Lish. 1879, p. 3.

Adult male. Glossy steel-black, the chin and abdomen white ;
rump and flanks greyish ; wings and tail steel-black ; the outer
tail-feathers narrowly edged and tipped with white ; a supraorbital
wattle scarlet ; bill and feet black ; iris dusky. Total length 5*6
inches, culmen 0-05, wing 4-05, tail 2-55, tarsus 0-8. (Bocac/e.)

Hub. Benguela : Caconda.

This species comes very near to P. j^eltafa, Sundev., but appears
to be much larger.

473

. , , Page 151. Muscicapa grisola.

cV. Skull. England. J. Ray, Esq. [P.].

e'. Sternum. England. J. Ray, Esq. [P.] .

f-h'. Skeletons. Purchased.

»'. Skeleton. Purchased.
Page 153, add :■ — ■

1 a. Muscicapa finschi.

Muscicapa (Butalis) finschi, Bocage, Jorn. Lish. 1879, p. 4.

Aclvlt female. Pale rufescent cinereous, the head distinctly
striated ; the back more rufescent, with more obsolete striations ;
rump and upper tail-coverts unspotted ; lores, a superciliary streak,
and a ring round the eye white ; ear-coverts dusky ; under surface
of body white, the throat and the breast exhibiting dusky spots of
an arrow-headed form, the lower abdomen and under tail-coverts
slightly tinged with buff, the flanks dusky ; wing-coverts and secon-
dary qiiills dusky blackish, broadly edged with rufous-white; pri-
maries and tail-feathers dusky, edged with pale rufous ; bill and
feet dusky. Total length 5-7 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 3-15, tail
2'1, tarsus 0-7. {Bocage.^

Hah. Caconda, Benguela.

The affinities of this species are not given by Professor Barboza
du Bocage, but it appears as if the bird were not distantly related
to M. grisola.

.,, Page 157. Muscicapa atricapilla.

u. Skeleton. Enpfland. Purchased.

Add:

Page 179. Pratincola rubetra.

p-s. Skulls. S. Germany. Dr. Giinther.

t-v. Skeletons, England. Purchased.

w. Sternum. England. J. Ingall, Esq. [P.],

Page 182. Pratincola macrorhynclia.
Add: —

a. $ ad. sk. Jodpur, Feb. 3, 1878. A. O. Hume, Esq. [C],

The acciuisition of the above-mentioned specimen shows me that
the species is not really allied to the European Wheatear, as its
other name rubetraoides would suggest. It is very different from
all other Stonechats, and comes into the section with white throats,
so that the synoptic table on page 17'J must be modified as follows : —

b. Chin and throat white, the orange-colour of the

chest not extending to the throat.
a'. Primary-coverts white, forming a speculum ;
head and upper surface of body black, with
an interrupted collar round the hind neck. . tih^ignis, p. 183.

474

'. Primarv-eovert3 brown or blackish, with
narrow fulvous or whitish margins.

a". Upper tail-coverts fawn-butF or buffy
white ; upper surface sandy brown,
broadly streaked with dark-brown cen-
tres to the feathers; eyebrow buffy
white; ear-coverts pale sandy brown,
streaked with darker brown macrorhyncJia, p. 182.

h". Characters as in key , horhoiiica, p. 183.

c". Characters as in key salax, p. 181.

Add:—

Pasre 185. Pratiacola rubicola.

m, n. Skulls. S. Germany. Dr. Glinther.

0. Skeleton. England. Purchased.

Page 216, 9th line from top of page, read Spot at the tip of the
inner web of the outer tail-feathers white.

.|, Page 310. RMpidura albiscapa.

/. Skeleton. Australia. Purchased.

Page 327, add to Rhipidura leucothorax, as a synonym ; —
Rhipidura episcopalis, Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 371.

Page 400, add :—
6 a. Cryptolopha flavigularis.
Abrornis flavigularis, Godic.-Austen, J. A. S. B. xlvii. p. 19 (1878).

Above ash-grey, purer grey on rump, rather darker on the head ;
"wings pale umber-brown ; tail ash-brown, the two outer feathers
white on the inner web, the next with a narrow edging of white ;
lores white ; ear-coverts white and grey ; chin pure yellow, fading
on throat ; breast, nape, flanks, and thighs greyish white, whitish
on the breast; a very faint yellow tinge on the abdomen; under
tail-coverts white ; a small patch of yellow on the inner shoulder of
the wing; bill dark above, buft' below. Wing 1-84, tail I'S, tarsus
0'67, bill from front 0-3. {Godwin-Austen.)

Hah. Sadiya, near Brahmakhund, hills of Eastern Bengal.

This species is referred by Colonel Godwin-Austen to the vicinity
of G, ccanthoscJdsta, but it is much closer to C. scliisticejis.

^^^ . Page 407. Sisura inquieta.

i. Skeleton. Australia. Parchased.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

Abrornis, 393, 398, 406.
Aeanthiuotus, 87.
Acis, 70.
acornaua (Erythrosterna)

204.
acornaua (Muscicapa),

204.
acornaus (Muscicapula),

207.
adusta (Alseonax), 129.
adusta (.Butalis), 129.
jEgithalopsis, 2(38.
^tlioinyias, 271.
afUnis (Abrornis), 398.
affinis (Ceblepyris), 39,
affiais(Cryptolopha), 398.
affiais (Gerygone), 221.
afRnis (Muscipeta), 349.
affinis (Perierocotas), 79.
affinis (Pbceuicornis), 79,

81.
affinis (Platystira), 136,

139.
affinis (Sylvia). 398.
affinis (Tebitrea), 349.
affinis (Terpsipbone),

349.
africana (Butalis), 151.
africana (Muscicapa), 1.^1.
Agromyias, 140.
albicauda (Elminia), 364.
albicauda (Platystira),

237.
albieaudata (Eumyias),

437.
albieaudata (Hypothy-

mis), 437.
albieaudata (Muscicapa),

^37.
albieaudata (Niltava\

437.
albieaudata (Stoparola),

437.
albicaudus (Moquinus),

237.
albicilla (Erythro-
sterna), 163.
albiciUa (Muscicapa),

162.

albicollis (Leucocerca),

317.
albicollis (Muscicapa),

160.
albicollis (Platyrbyn-

chus), 317.
albicollis (Rbipidura),

317, 336, 337.
albifasciata (Pratincola),

198.
albifrons (Maclioerorbyn-

ehus), 392.
albifrons (Miro), 23.5.
albifrons (Muscicapa),

1(10, 23.5.
albifrons (Myiagra), 392.
albifrons (Myioseopus),

235.
albifrons (Pericrocotus"),

86.
albifrons (Petroeea), 235.
albifrons (Platystira),

147.
albifrons (Turdus), 235.
albifrontata (AcantLiza),

224.
albifrontata (Gerygone),

224.
albifrontata (P.seudo-

gerygone), 224.
albigula (Rbipidura), 317.
albigularis (Abrorrds),

402.
albigidaris (Acanthiza),

212.
albigularis(Cryptolopha),

405.
albigularis (Gervgoue),

212.
albigularis (Psilopus),

212.
albilirabata (Ehipidura),

31,5.
albilora (Campephaga),

•15

albinotata (Poecilodryas),

245.
albisciipa ('Rbiiiuura),

309,310,311.

albisoapulatus (Malurus),

297.
albiventris (.\brornis),

405.
albiventris (Ceblepyris),

39.
albiventris (Monarcha),

419.
albiventris (Myiagra),

377.
albiventris (PbOeutoma),

324.
albiventris (Platygna-

thus), 377.
albiventris (Platyrhj-n-

chus), 377.
albiventris (Rhipidura),

324.
albofasciata (Dromolaea),

198.
albofasciata (Saxicola),

19S).
albofrontata (Leuco-
cerca), 338.
albofrontata (Rhipidura),

338.
albogularis (Abrornis),

405.
albogularis (Dimorpha),

204.
albogularis (Muscicapa),

204, 317.
albogularis (Rhipidura),

336.
albogularis (Sylvia), 405.
albonotata (Megaleste«),

245.
albonotata (Poecilodryas),

245.
albo-olivacea (C'vomis),

457.
albo-olivacea (Siphia),

457.
albopectus (Muscicapa),

175.
alboscapulatus (Malurus),

2^)7.
albosuperciliaris (Abror-
nis), 398.

476

ALrHABETICAL INDEX.

albo3iiperciliaris (Pratin-

cola), 188.
albosuperciliaris (Sylvia),

399.
albotseniata (Amauro-

dryas), 243.
alecto (Drjmopbila),

41.^.
aleeto (Monarcba), 415.
alexin as (Elminia), 364.
Alseonax, 126.
altieeps(Muscicapa), 157.
amabilis (Malurus), 285,

293.
Auiaurodrj'as, 164.
amboinensis (Campe-

phaga), 47. ■
amboinensis (VoItoci-

vora), 47.
analis (Campephaga), 58.
analis (Edoliisoma), 58.
andamanensis (Pericro-

cotiis), 73.
anderssoni (Campepha-

ga), 29.
angustifrons (Graucalus),

36.
Anthipes, 458.
aquatica(Mu&cicapa),] 54.
arborea(Pratincola), 148.
arborea (Saxicola), 148.
ardens (Pericrocotus), 74.
arfakiana (Gerygone),

226.
arfakiana (Pseudogery-

gone), 226.
arrogans (Acanthiza),

395.
arrogaus (Ehipidura),

395.
Arses, 408.
Artamides, 8.
Artomyias, 144.
aruense (Edoliisoma), 52.
aruensis (Arses), 410.
aruensis (Monarcba), 428.
aruensis (Piezorbynchus),

428.
assimilis (Acantbiza),

218.
assimilis (Gerygone), 218.
assimilis (Micrceca), 124.
assimilis (Muscicapa),

124.
assimilis (Myiagra), 124.
assimiUs (Rbipidura"),

312, 330.
asHgma (Muscicapa), 205.
astigma (Muscicapula),

205.
ater (Ceblepyris), 62.

aterrima (Campepbaga),

44.
aterrima (Ceblepyris),

44.
atra (Muscicapa), 434.
atra (Myiagra), 380.
atra (Rbipidura), 316.
atrata (Pratineola), 195,

197.
atricapilla (Fieedula),

158.
atricapilla (Hedymela),

157.
atricapilla (Muscicapa),

157, 160.
atriceps (Artamides), 16.
atriceps (Campephaga),

16.
atriceps (Ceblepyris), 16.
atriceps (Coracina), 17.
atriceps (Graucalus). 17.
atriceps (Muscipeta), .361.
atriebalybea (Muscipeta),

362.
atriebalybea (Tcbitrea),

362.
atriebalybea (Terpsi-

pbone), 362.
atripennis (Rbipidura),

340.
atrocauda (Muscipeta),

361.
atrocaudatus (Tcbitrea),

361.
atrocbalybea (Terpsi-

pbone), 301.
atrogrisea (Muscicapa),

157.
atroTirens(Campepbaga),

93.
atrovirens (Lalage), 93.
aucklaudica (Acanthiza),

218.
aucklandica (Gerygone),

218.
aucklandica (Pseudo-

gerygone), 218.
aurea (Campephaga), 108.
aurea (Lalage), 108.
aureola (Rbipidura), 338.
aureola (Leucocerca),

338.
aureus (Ceblepyris). 108.
auricapilla (Cryptolo-

pba), 395.
auricapilla (Rbipidura),

395.
am-icularis (Dimorpha),

465.
aiu-ulenta (Campepbaga),

21.

australis (Miro), 235.
australis (Pachycepba-

lus), 176.
australis (Petrceca), 235.
australis (Turdus), 235.
avensis (Campephaga),

67.
avensis (Volvocivora),

67, 69.
axillaris (Graucalus), 27.
axillaris (Monarcba),

426.
axillaris (Piezorbj-ncbus),

426.
Azur a calotte et a coUier

noir, 275.
azurea (Campepbaga),

27.
azurea (Ceblepyris), 27.
azurea (Coeboa), 4.
azurea (Hypolbymis),

274, 275.

azurea (Muscicapa), 274.
azurea (Myiagra), 274,

275, 277.

azurea (Xenogenys), 4.
azureocapilla (Myiagra),

383.
azureus (Cyanograuca-

lus), 27.
azureus (Graucalus), 27.
azureus (ixus), 4.
azureus (Oreas), 4.
azureus (Turdus), 4.

Bainopus, 462.
bambusffi (Muscicapa),

334.
banksiana (Lalage), 100.
banyumas (Cyoruis),447,

449, 450.
banyumas (Muscicapa),

447, 449.
banyumas (Siphia), 449.
banyumas (Niltava), 449.
batant:i3 (Ai-ses), 4il.
Batis, 133.
beccariana (Cyornis),

447, 452.
beccariana (Sipbia), 452.
Becflgue, 157.
bella (Muscicapa), 251.
bernsteini (Monarcba),

417.
bernsteini (Piezorbyn-
chus), 417.
bicolor (Artamides), 17.
bicolor (Campephaga),

17.
bicolor (Ceblepyris), 17.
bicolor (Grallina), 173.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

477

bicolor (Grauealus), 17.
bicolor (Megabias), 387.
bicolor (Muscipeta), 3o2.
bicolor (PetrcBca), 173.
bicolor (Petroica), 173.
bicolor (Pratincola), 195.
bicolor (Saxicola), 19.5.
bicolor (Tchilrea), 359.
biliueata (Muscicapa),

395.
bimaculata (Monarcha),

420.
bimaculata (Mjiolestes),

244.
bimaculata(Poecilodryas) ,

244.
bimaculatus (Monarcha),

420.
bimaculatus (PiezorhjTi-

chus), 420.
blainyillii (EroUa), 433.
blainvillii (Euryliemus),

433.
blainvillii (Peltops), 433.
blainvillii (Platystomus),

433.
blissetti (Diaphoropbyia),

141.
blissetti (Platystira), 141.
bonapartii (Tchitrea),

282.
bonapartii (Todopsis),

281. _
borbonica (Motacilla),

183.
borbonica (Muscicapa),

302.
borbonica (Muscipeta),

302.
borbonica (Pratincola),

183.
borbonica (Tchitrea), 302.
borbonica (Terpsiphone),

302.
borbonicus (Platyrhyn-

chus), 302.
borbonicus (Trochocer-

cus), 302.
bomeensis (Campephaga),

104.
bomeensis (Volvocivora),

104.
bourbonnensis (Musci-
capa), 302.
bouruensis (Khipidura),

327.
boyeri (Campephaga), 25.
boyeri (Graucalus), 25.
boyeri (Pliladela), 25, 2G.
bracliyrhyncha (Ehipi-

dura), 31G.

brachvura (Poecilodryas),

243.
brachvurus (Leuco-

phantes), 243.
brehrai (Monarcha), 426.
brehmi (Piezorhynchus),

42(i.
brenclilevi (Ehipidura),

311.
breyipes (Niltara), 445.
brevirostris (Acanlhiza),

209.
brevirostris (Muscipeta),

79, 81.
brevirostris (Pardalotus),

209.
brevirostris (Phceni-

cornis), 79.
brevirostris (Pericro-

cotus), 79.
brevirostris (Psilopus),

209.
brevirostris (Smicrornis),

209.
browni (Malurus), 296.
brunueicauda (Erythro-

sterna), 148.
brunneicauda (Musci-
capa), 148.
brunneicauda(Newtonia),

148.
brunneipectus (Pseudo-

gerygone), 221.
bulgeri (Rhipidura), 309.
burkii (Crjptoloplia),

395.
burkii (Culicipeta), 395,

398.
burkii (Sylvia), 395.
Butalis, 149.

cserulea (Muscicapa), 274,
275.

casrulea (Muscipeta), 3G3.

cwrulea (Myiagra), 274,
275.

coerideata (Schwaneria),
451.

CECruleata (Siphia), 451.

Cferuleicapilla (Mviagra),
3S3.

ca;ruleicapillus(Malurus),
294.

ccruleigrisea (Campe-
phaga), 15.

cseruleigriseus (Artami-
des), 15.

cseruleigriseus (Grauca-
lus). l.'i.

cwrulcocepliala (Musci-
capa), 149, 274.

cseruleocejjhala (Tchi-
trea), 274, 281.

ca;ruleocephala (Todop-
sis), 280, 281.

casrulescens (Butalis),
154.

crerulescens (Campe-

phaga), 44.

cffirulescens (Ceblepyris),
44.

cserulescens (Edoliisoma),
44.

c«rulesceus (Muscicapa),
1.54, 155.

cserulescens (Todopsis),
282.

cairulescens (Volvocivo-
ra), 44.

cajsia (Campephaga), 26.

cwsia (Ceblepyris), 26.

csesia (Monacha), 36.5.

csesius (Graucalus), 10,26.

caledonica(Oampephaga),
10.

caledonica (Gazzola), 10.

caledonica (M^■iagra),378,
379.

caledonicus (Artamides),
10.

caledonicus (Corvus), 10,

caledonicus (Graucalus),
10.

caUainus (Malurus), 289.

campbelh (Xitidula), 258.

Campephaga, 59.

Campophaga, 59.

Campochsera, 21.

cana (Campephaga), 26,
28.

cana (Ceb'epyris), 28.

cana (Muscicapa), 28.

canescens (^Monarcha),
431.

cantator (Abrornis), 397.

cantator (Culicipeta),397.

cantator (Motacilla). 397.

cantator (Rhipidura),397.

cantator (Sylvia), 397.

cantatrix (Cryptolopha),
397.

cantatrix (Muscicjipa),
447, 449.

cantonensis (Pericro-

cotus), 83, 84.

canus (Ceblepyris), 89.

capensis (Bati's), 133.

capensis (Campephaga),
101.

capensis (Muscicapa), 133.

capensis (Pachvprora),
134.

478

alpha:betical ixdex.

capensis (Phrvnorham-

phus), 888.
capensis (Platvrhvnchus),

•388. ' '

capensis (Platysteira), 1 33.
capensis(Sinithoniis),3S8.
capito (Eopsaltria), 245,

24(j.
capito (Poecilodryas), 246.
caprata (Motac-illa), 195.
caprata (CEnautke), 195.
caprata (Pratincola), 195,

197.
caprata (Saxicola), 195.
cariuata (Drvmopliila),

430.
carinata (Monarcba), 430.
carinata (Muscipeta), 430.
casamancie (Muscipeta),

360.
cassini (Muscicapa), 156.
Cassinia, 466.
castanea (Diaphoro

phyia), 140.
castanea (Muscipeta),

347.
castanea (Platystira), 140.
castaneum (Pliilentoma),

366.
castaneiceps (Oryptolo-

pha), 404.
castaneiceps (Culicipeta),

404.
castaneiceps (Regiiloides),

404.
castaneiceps (Sylvia), 404.
castaneigularis(Myiagra),

384.
casta neiventris (Monar-
cba), 435.
castaneiventris (Mviagra),

376.
castaneiventris(Pomarea),

435.
castaneoceps (Abromis),

404.
castaneoceps (Eegulus),

404.
castaneovenlris (Abror-

nis), 404.
cauflata (Muscicapa), 351.
caudata (Tcbitrea), 351.
Ceblepyris, 23.
ceramense (Edoliisoma),

47.
ceramensis (Campepba-

ga), 47.
ceramensis (Graucalus),

47.
cerviuiTenLris (Digenea),

460.

cerviniventris (Petroica),

242.
cerviniventris (Pceeilo-

drvas), 242.
cejlonensis (Cr\'ptolo-

pba), 369.
ceylonensis (Culicicapa),

369.
cevlouensis (Empidothe-

"ra), 370.
ceylonensis (Hypotbv-

mis), 277.
ceylonensis (Niltava), 440.
ceylonen.sis (Platyrbvn-

"cbus), 369.
ceylonensis (Ebipidura),

369.
Chaitaris, 462.
ebalceocepbala (Lalage),

87.
cbalybeocepbala (Musci-
capa), 415.
cbalvbeocepbala(Seisura),

4i.5.
cba]ybeocepbalus(Monar-

cba), 415.
cbalybeocepbalus (Piezo-

rh^nicbus), 415.
Charidbylas, 249.
Cbasiempis, 2-31,
Chatterer, Hed-winged,

59.
CbeUdorbynx, 279.
Cbenorbampbus, 284.
cblorogaster (Acantbiza),

226.
cbloronota (Pseudogerj-

gone), 229.
cbloi'onotus (Acantbiza),

229.
cbloronotus (Gers'gone),

229.
Cbloropeta, 272.
Cboucari de Boyer, 25.
Cboucari de Desgraz, 39.
Cboucari de la Nouyelle

Guinee, 39.
Cboucas de la K^ouyeUe

Guinee, 18.
Cboucas de Dussumier,

18.
cbrysea (Abromis), 397.
cbrysea (S'ericornis), 260.
cbrysoea (Xennira), 260.
cbrysceus (Tarsiger), 260.
cbrysogastra (Gerygone),

226.
cbrysogastra (Pseudoge-

rygone), 226.
cbrysomela (Monarcba),

427, 428.

chryeomela (Muscicapa),

427.
cbrysomelas (Arses), 427.
cbrysomelas (Piezorbyn-

ebus), 427.
cbrysopbrvs (Zanthopy-

gia), 250.
cbrysoscbistos (Cbelido-

rbynx"). 279.
ciliaris (Muscicapa), 204.
ciliaris (Muscicapula),

204.
cinerascens (Ceblepyris),

29.
cinerascens(Drvmopbila),

431.
cinerascens (Gerj'gone),

213.
cinerascens (Monarcba),

431.
cinerascens (Muscicapa),

15.5.
cinerea (Campepbaga),

28.
cinerea (Gerygone), 220.
cinerea (Monarcba), 233.
cinerea (Muscicapa), 28.
cinerea (Pica). 10.
cinerea (Poecilodrjas),

243.
cinerea (Pseudogery-

gone), 220.
cinerea (Ebipidura),

328.
ciuereifrons (Hetero-

myias), 239.
ciuereifrons (Poecilo-
dryas), 239.
cinereo-alba (Alseonax),

127.
cinereo-alba (Butalis),

127.
cinereo-alba (Muscicapa),

127.
cinereocapilla (Crypto-

lopba), 3(i9.
cinereocapilla (Culici-
capa), 370.
cinereocapilla (Myioles-

tes), 370.
cinereocapilla (Ebipi-
dura), 370.
cinereola (Muscicapa"),

154.
cinereus (Corvus), 10.
cinereuB (Graucalus), 10,

28.
cinereus (Pericrocotus),

83.
cinnamomea (Campepba-
ga), 45. _

ALPnABETICAL IXDEX.

479

cinnamomea (Ceblepy-

ris), 45.
cinnaruomeus (Zeoce-

plms), 343.
Clvtumyias, 285.
coccinigastra(Muscicapa),

171.
coccinigastra (Petroeca),

171.
Cochoa, 2.
ccclestis (Cyanomvias),

278.
ccelestis (Hj-pothjiuis),

275, 278.
collaris (Hedymela), 160.
coUaris (Muscicapa), 160.
collaris (Platvrbynclius),

145.
collaris (Platystira), 146.
collaris albifrons (Musci-
capa), 160.
collaris atrostriata (Mu.s-

cicapa), 160.
collaris mierorhjncha

(Muscicapa). 160.
comitata (Alreonax), 130.
comitata (ijutalis), 130.
comitata(Muscicapa),130.
commutata (Monarclia),

432.
compressirostris (Leuco-

cerca), 338.
compressirostris (Ehipi-

dura), 338.
coneiniia (CoUuriciucla),

31.
conciniia (Mviagra), 373,

374.
concreta (Campepbaga),

concreta (Diaphoro-

pbyia), 142.
concreta (Hvpotbymis),

437.
concreta (Mviolestes),

437.
concreta (Myiophila),142.
concreta (Platystira), 141,

142,
concreta (Stiphromyias),

142.
concreta (Stoparola). 437.
concretus (Graucalus), 12.
concretus (Muscicapa),

437.
conspicillata (Gerygone),

221.
conspicillata (Microcca),

122, 221.
conspicillata (Pseudo-

gerygone), 221.

couspicuus (Myiagroides),

387.
Coracina, 23.
coronata (Todopsis), 284.
coronatus (Malurus), 295.
corvina (Tcbitrea), 362.
corvina (Terpsipbone),

362.
crampes (Pratincola),

180.
cristata (Muscipeta), 354,

358.
cristata (Tcbitrea), 354,

357.
cristata (Terpsipbone),

358.
cristatus (Platyrbynchos),

354.
Crow, Black-faced, 30.
Crow, New-Caledonian,

10.
Crow, Ifew- Guinea, 18.
Crow, Papuan, 39.
cruentatus (Malurus),

297.
Cryptolopba, 393, 369.
cucullata (Melauodryas),

173.
cucullata (Muscicapa),

173.
cucullata (Petroeca), 173.
cucullatus (Tarsiger),

261.
Culicicapa, 369.
Culicipeta, 393.
culieivora (Acantbiza),

220.
culicivora (Gervgone),

220.
culicivora (Pseudogery-

gone), 220.
culicivora (Psilopus), 220.
culminata (Lalage), 104.
culminata (Yolvocivora),

104.
culmiuatus (Ceblepyris),

104.
Curruca, 178.
cyaiiea (Lusciola), 255.
cyanea (Motacilla), 286.
cyanea (Muscicapa), 145.
cyauea (Neuiura), 255.
cvanea (Platystira), 145,
' 146.

cyanea (Sylyia), 286, 292.
cyanescens (Zeocephus),

343.
cyaneus (Malurus), 286,
" 287.

cvaniceps (Muscipeta),
■ 323.

cyaiiiceps (Pbilentoma),

323.
cyaniceps (Ehipidura),
'323.

cyauocephala (Musci-
capa), 149.
cyauocephala (Phileuto-

ma), 281.
cyanocepbala (Todopsis),

281.
cyanocepbala (Tcbitrea),

281.
cyauocepbalus (Todus),
'280.

Cyanograucalus, 23.
cyanonielffina (Cyano-
' ptila), 251.
cyanomelajna (Hypothy-

mis), 251.
cyauomeltena (Xiltaya),
'251.
cyanomelsena (Tcbitrea),

299.
cyanomelsena (X&ntbo-

pygia), 251.
cyanomelana(Muscicapa),
'251.
cjanomelanura (Cyano-

ptila), 251.
cyanomelas (Muscicapa),
' 299.

cyanomelas (Pbilen-
toma), 299.
cyanomelas (Tcbitrea),

299.
cyanomelas (Terpsi-
' pbone), 299.
cyanomelas (Trochocer-

cus), 299.
Cyanomyias, 278.
cyauopectus (Chenorham-

pbus), 284.
cyanopolia (Cyornis), 445.
Cyanoptila, 249.
cyanotus (Malurus), 290.
cyannra (lantbia), 255,

256.
cyanura (Lusciola), 2.55.
cyanura (Motacilla), 255.
cvanura (Xemura), 255,
' 256.

cyanura (QCnantbe), 255.
cyanura (Sylvia), 255.
cyauurus (MotacilIa),255.
cyanurus (Tarsiger), 255.
Cyrtes, 59.
Cyornis, 441, 453.

descrti (Muscicapa), 316.
desgrazii (Canipepbaga),
39.

480

ALPnABETICAL INDEX.

clesgrazii (Graiicnlus), 39.
desmaresti (Platyrhyn-

cbus), 146.
desmaresti (Platystira),

146.
diadematus (Monarclia),

419.
diadematus (Piezorhyn-

chus), 419.
Diaphoropliyia, 140.
dibapha (Muscicapa), 108.
dibaphuB (Turdus). I(i8.
dic-hroa (Monareba), 421.
dicbrous (Monarcha),421.
dichrous (Piezorbyncbus),

421.
dieSf'eubacbii (Miro), 176.
dieffeubacliii (Myio-

moira), 176.
dieffenbacbii (Petroeoa),

176.
diefFenbaetii (Petroica),

176.
Digenea, 458.
diluta (Ebipidura), 332.
dimidiata (Cbasieinpis),

232.
dimidiata (Monareba),

232.
dimidiata (Monarcbe.s),

232.
Dimorpba, 441.
dispar (Edoliisoma), 40.
dobsoni (Artamides), 20.
dobsoni (Graucalus), 20.
domiuica (Lalage), 9.5.
dorainica (Turdua), 95.
dorsalis (Malurus), 296.
dorsalis (Sylvia), 290.
draschi (Rectes), 50.
dryas (Ebipidura), 322.
Drymopliile de Rouk,

238.
dubia (Tanagra), 59.
dubius (Turdus), 407.
ducbaillui (Muscipeta),

354.
ducbaillui (Tchitrea),

354.
ducbaillui (Terpsipbone),

354.
dumetoria (Erytbro-

myias), 199.
dumetoria (Saxicola),

199.
dumetoria (Xautho-

pygia), 199.
dussumieri (Campe-

pbaga), 19.
dussumieri (Graucalus),

18.

Eclienilleur a ventre roux,

106.
Ecbeiiilleur a calotte

grise, 50.
Echenilleur de Marescot,

45.
Echenilleur gris, 26.
Echenilleur jaime, 62.
Echenilleur noir, 62.
Echenilleur orauga, 108.
Edoliisoma, 42.
elegans (Cyornis), 440,

447, 448.
elegans (Malurus), 291.
elegans (Muscicapa), 447.
elegans (Niltava), 447.
elegans (Pericrocotus),73.
elegans ( Phoenicorni s), 73.
elegans (Siphia), 447.
elegantula (Rhipidura),

319.
Elminia, 303.
Empidirora, 267.
Empidothera, 309.
enado (Muscicapa), 409.
episcopalis (Rhipidura),

314.
epulata (Alseonax), 131.
epulata (Butalis), 131.
epulata (Muscicapa), 131.
EroUa, 433.
Erucivora, 86.
ei-ytbaca (Erytkrosterna),

201.
erythaca (Niltava), 201.
erytbaea (Siphia), 201,

"203.
Erythrocerciis, 298.
erythrogaster (Musci-
capa), 168.
erythrogaster (Petroica),

108, 170.
erythrogaster (Sylvia),

105.
Erythromyias, 199.
erytbronota (^Rhipidura),

337.
erythrops (Myiagra), 383.
erythroptera (Terpsi-
pbone), 357.
erythropygia (Phcenicor-

nis), 85. _
erythropygia (Saxicola),

195.
erytbropygius (Pericroco-

t\is), 185.
Erythrosterna, 150.
erytbrura (Siphia), 201.
Eumyias, 435.
euryura (Leucocerca),

342,

euryura (Neomyias), 342.
euryura (Rhipidura), 342.
exsul (Pericrocotus), 76.
exul (Pericrocotus), 76.

fantisiensis (Alseonax),

131.
fasciata (Coracina), 18.
fasciatus (Graucalus), 12.
fascinans (Loxia), 123.
fascinans (Microeca), 123,

124.
fascinans (Myiagra), 123.
fastuosa (Cyanecula), 463.
ferrea (Oreicola), 263,

260.
ferrea (Pratincola), 206.
ferrea (Rubecola), 266.
ferrea (Saxicola), 260.
ferreti (Muscipeta), 354.
ferreti (Tchitrea), 354.
ferreti (Terpsipbone), 354.
ferruginea (Butalis), 122.
ferruginea (Hemicheli-
■ don), 122.
ferruginea (Schetba), 101.
ferrugineus (Alseonax),

122.
ferrugineu.s (Hemicheli-

dou). 122.
ferrugineus (Lanius), 101.
ferrugineus (Oxynotus),

101, 102.
fervida (Motacilla), 180.
fervida (QCnantlie), 180.
fervida (Pratincola), 180.
fervida (Sylvia), 180.
Ficedula, 150.
ficedula (Motacilla), 157.
ficedula (Syhia), 157.
fimbriata (Cauipephaga),

05, 103.
fimbriata (Ceblepyris),

103, 104.
fimbriata (Lalage), 103.
fimbriata (Volvocivora),

65, 103, 104.
fimbriatus (Ceblepyi-is),

89.
Einch, Cold, 157.
finscbi (Gassinia), 467.
Fitert, 191.
flabellifera (Muscicapa),

308.
flabellifera (Rhipidura),

308, 310.
flabellif'orme (Rhipidura),

309.
flagrans (Pericrocotus),

78.
flammea (Acis), 75.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

481

flainmea (Muscicapa), 74,

75, 7(5.
flammea (Muscipeta), 75.
flammeus (Pericrocotus),

75, 70.
flammeus (Plioenicornis),

73.
flammifer (Pericrocotus),

74.
flammulata (Megabias),

387.
flamraulatus (Megabias),

3S7.
flava (Campephaga), 62.
flaveola (Gerygoue), 214.
flavescens (Pardalotus),

210.
flavescens (Smicrornis),

210.
flavida (Gerygone), 230.
flavigaster (Microeca),

120.
flavigaster (Muscicapa),

120.
flavigaster (Myiagra),

120.
flavigastra (Hyliota), 248.
flavigastra (Muscicapa),

248.
flavilateralis (Pseudogery-

gone), 222.
flavipes (Alseonax), 132.
flavipes (Myiagra), 143.
flaviventer(Macb»rirhyn-

chus), 390.
flaviventer (Myiagra),

390.
flaviventris (Abroriiis),

402.
flaviventris (Acantbiza),

218.
flanventris (Gerygone),

218.
flaviventris (Macbari-

rbyiicbus), 390.
flaviventris (Muscipeta),

359.
flaviventris (Tcliitrea),

359.
flavolateralis(Acanthiza),

222.
flavobiteralis (Gerygone),

222.
flavo-olivacea (Ervtbaca),

2.59.
flavo-olivacea (lanthia),

259.
flavo-olivacea (Ncmura),

259.
flavovirescens (Microeca),
^ 125.

VOL. IV.

flavovirescens (Musci-
capa), 125.
floris (Artamides), 14.
Flycatcber, Asb-coloured,

28.
Flycatcber, Azure, 274.
Flycatcber, Bourbon, 302.
Flycatcher, Cape, 190.
Flycatcber, Collared, 145.
Flycatcher, Crested Sene-
gal, 354.
Flycatcher, Crimson-bel-
lied, 171.
Flycatcher, Dun, 120.
Flycatcber, Dusky, 5.
Flycatcher, Kufous-

fronted, 319.
Flvcatcber, Fan-tailed,

308.
Flycatcber, Flammeous,

75.
Flycatcher, Luteous, 434.
Flycatcher, Mutable, 351.
Flycatcher, Ka3vous, 109.
Flycatcber, Eed-bellied,

108.
Flvcatcber, Sandwich,

232.
Flycatcher, Scarlet-
breasted, 165.
Flycatcber, Senegal, 135.
Flycatcher, Society, 434.
Flycatcher, Spotted-

winged, 232.
Flycatcher, Velvet-
headed, 3.59.
forsteri (Petroeca), 176.
forsteri (Petroica), 176.
forsterorura (Miro), 176,
fortis (Artamides), 18.
fortis (Graucalus), 18.
fraseri (Butalis), 460.
fraseri (Cassinia), 400.
fraseri (Muscicapa), 406.
I'raseri (Sniitbornis), 4(')0.
frater (Monaroba), 431.
fraterculus (Pericrocotus),

73.
frenata (Campepbaga),29.
frenatus (Graucalus), 29.
frontata (Gerygone), 224.
fruticeti (Saxicola), 186.
Fruticicola. 178.
fruticola (Saxicola), 195.
fulgida(Can)pophaga). ()3.
fuliginiventer (Cbaita-

ris), 405.
fuliginiventer (Niltava),

405.
fuliginosa (Artomvias),
144.

fuliginosa (Hemicbeli-

don), 120,1.53.
fuliginosa (Muscicapa),

141, 310.
fuliginosa (Nymphaeus),

253.
fuliginosa (Phcenieura),

253.
fuliginosa (Rhipidura),

31 0.
fuliginosa (Rhyacoruis),

253.
fuliginosa (Ruticilla), 253.
fidiginosa (Xanthopygia),

253.
fulvifacies( Abrornis), 406.
fulvifacies (Cryptolopha),

400.
fulviventer (Cryptolo-
pha), 397.
fulviveutris (Monarcba),

432.
fumosa (Rhipidura), .325.
fusea (Acantbiza), 223.
fusca (Gerygone), 223.
fusca (Pseudogerj-gone),

22.3
fuscedula (Muscicapa),

120.
fuscescens (Rhipidura),

31.5.
fuscicapilla (Muscicapa),

157.
fuscoveutris (Leucoceroa),

317.
fuscoventris (Rhipidura),

317, 335.
fuscula (Muscicapa), 129.
fuscus (Psilopus), 223.

gaimardi (Muscipeta),

352.
gaimardi (Tchitrea),

352.
galeata (Myiagra), 385.
Gerygone, 211.
glauca (Myiagra), 284.
Glaucomyias, 435.
Gobe-mouche, 141.
Gobe-mouebe a bandeau

blanc du Senegal, 135.
Gobe-mouche a collier

du Senegal, 145.
Gobe-mouche a gorge

jaune de I'isle de Lu^on,

149.
Gobe-mouche a gorge

rousse du Senegal, 145.
Gobe-mouche a longue

queue blanc de Mada-

gasciir, 351.
2k

482

ALrKABETICAL INDEX.

Gobe-mouche a longue
queue de Madagascar,
351.
Gobe-mouche a longue
queue et a ventre blanc
de Madagascar, 351.
Gobe-mouche a lunettes,

332.
Gobe-mouche a poitrine
noire du S^n^gal, 134.
Gobe-mouche a poitrine
rousse du Senegal,
134.
Gobe-mouche a tete bleu-
atre de lisle de Lucon,
149.
Gobe-mouche a tete bleue
de I'isle de Lu9on, 149.
Gobe-mouche de I'isle de

France, 1:29.
Gobe-mouche du Cap de
Bonne Esperanee, 133.
Gobe-mouche etoile, 261.
Gobe-mouche hiipe de
I'isle de Bourbon, 302.
Gobe-mouche hupe de Se-
negal, 354.
Gobe-mouche mantele,

299.
Gobe-mouche noir, 57.
Gobe-mouche noir de

Lorraine, 157.
Gobe-mouche pririt, 13S.
Gobe-mouche Tchitrec,

357.
Gobe-mouche Tari6 a
longue queue de Ma-
dagascar, 351.
Gobe-mouche yerdin,

126.
Gobe-mouches bleu des

Philippines, 274.
Gobe-mouches blanc hupe
du Cap de Bonne Es-
peranee, 346.
Gobe-mouches mignard,

267.
Gobe-mouches Tchitrec-

be blanc, 346.
Gobe-mouches Tchitrec-

b6 roux, 346.
godeffroyi (Monarcha),

432.
goodenovii (Museicapa),

171.
goodenovii (Petrceca),

171, 172.
goodenovii (Petroica),

171.
goramensis (Myiagra),
386.

goiUdi (Monarcha), 419.
gouldi (Piezorhynchus),

419.
grammiceps (Cryptolo-

pha), 404.
grammiceps (Museicapa),

404.
grammiceps (Pycnos-

phi-ys), 404.
grammiceps (Sjivia), 404.
grandis (Bainopus), 464.
grandis (Ohaitaris), 464.
grandis (Niltava), 464.
Grand Traquet, 179.
Graucalus, 23.
grayi (Ohenorhamphus),

284.
grayi (Edoliisoma), 57.
grayi (Tchitrea), 284.
Griguet, 268.
grisea (Oampephaga), 28.
grisea (Ceblepyris), 28.
grisea (Myiagra), 374.
griseieauda (Ehipidura),

318.
griseigularis (Pericroco-

tus), 83.
griseisticta (Museicapa),

15a
griseofrons (Abrorois),

402.
griseofrons (Sylvia), 402.
griseogidaris (Monarcha),

422.
griseosticta (Butalis),

153.
griseosticta (Hemicheli-

don), 153.
grisola (Butalis), 151.
grisola (Museicapa), 150,

151.
grisola, var. dauurica

(MusoicaiM,), 127.
Grosbeak, Fascinating,

123.
gularis (Anthipes), 460.
gularis (Butalis), 251.
gularis (Museicapa),

251.
gularis (Rhipidura), 329.
guttata (Monarcha), 422.
guttata (Ehipidura), 328.
guttula (Monarcha), 422.
guttida (Museicapa), 422.
guttulatus (Monarcha),

422.
guttidatus (Piezorhyn-
chus), 422.

hartlaubi (Campopbaga),
62.

hartlaubi (Lanicterus),

762.
Hedymela, 150.
helianthea (Culicicapa),

370.
helianthea (Museicapa),

370.
helianthea (Myialestes),

370.
helianthea (Xantholes-

tes), 370.
Hemichelidon, 120.
hemileucura (Museicapa),

204.
hemileucura (Muscica-

pula), 204.
hemprichii (Pratincola),

193.
hemprichii (Saxicola),

193.
Heteromyias, 239.
hodgsoni (Abrornis), 406.
hodgsoni (Cryptolopha),

406.
hodgsoni (Nemura), 258.
hodgsoni (Jv^iltava), 258.
hodgsoni (Nitidula),

258.
hodgsoni (Poliomyias),

203.
hodgsoni (Prosorinia), 3.
hodgsoni (Siphia), 203.
hodgsoni (Tarsiger), 258.
hodgsouia (Tickellia),

406.
holosericea (Muscipeta),

852.
holosericea (Tchitrea),

352.
humeralis (Campephaga),

92.
humeralis (Ceblepyris),

92.
humeralis (Erucivora),

92.
humeralis (Lalage), 92.
humeraloicles (Pycnono-

tus), 95.
hyacintha (Niltava), 443.
hyacintha (Siphia), 447.
hyacinthina (Cyornis),

"443.
hyacinthina (Museicapa),

443.
hyacinthina (Niltava),

443.
hyacinthina (Siphia), 443.
liyliota, 247.
hylocharis (Butalis), 251.
hylocharis (j\Iuscicapa),

■ 201, 250.

ALrHAEETICAL IXDEX,

483

hylocharis (XautLopy-

gi,i), 251.
hyperythra (Erythroster-

na), 163.
byperythra (lantbia),

257.
byperythra (Menetica),

103.
byperythra (Muscicapa),

163' 206.
byperythra (Muscica-

' piila), 206.
byperythra (Nemui'a),

257.
byperythra (Niltava),

163.
hyperytlira (Rhipidura),

338.
byperythra (Siphia), 163.
hyperythrus (Tarsiger),

257.
bypogrammica (Butalis),

1.53.
hj-pogrammica (3Iusci-

capa), 153.
hvpoleuca (CamiJephaga),

' 36.
hypoleuca (Petroica),

244.
hypoleuca (Pcecilodryas),

244.
hypoleucua (Graucalus),

36.
hypoleucus (Malurus),

293.
Hypothymis, 273.
bypoxantha (Cbelido-

rhynx), 279.
bypoxantha (Gerygoue),

21.5.
bypoxantha (Leucophan-

tes), 247.
hypoxantha (Rhipidura),

279.
Hypsipus, 237.

lantbia, 2.")4.

icterina (Cbloropeta),
273.

igata (Acanthiza), 218.

igata (Curruca), 218.

igata (Gerygoue), 218.

igata (Pseudogerygone),
218.

ignatii (Ceblepyris), fiO.

igneus (Pericrocotus), 78.

imraodestus (Pericroco-
tus), 83.

incerta(Campepbaga), 52.

incertiun (Edoliisoma),

incii (Muscipela), 350.
inoii (Tchitrea), 350.
indiea (Muscipeta), 347.
indica (Pratineola), 188.
indiea (Saxicola), 188.
indica (Sylvia), 259.
indicus (Tarsiger), 259.
indigo (Hypotbymis),

4.36.
indigo (Muscicapa), 436.
indigo (Niltava), 436.
indigo (Stoparola), 436.
infelix (Monarcha), 426.
infeUx (Piezoi-hyncbus),

426.
infumata (Leucocerca),

333.
infascata (Butalis), 144.
infuscata (Muscicapa),

144, 445.
innexa (Niltava), 206.
innexa (Siphia), 206.
inornata(Acautbiza),213.
inornata (Gerygone), 213.
inornata (Monarcha),

430, 431.
inornata (Muscicapa),

431.
inquieta (Sisura), 407.
inquietus (Seisura), 407.
iuquietus (Turdus), 407.
insign!8(Clytomyias), 285.
insignis (Pratincola), 183.
insiguis (Saxicola), 183.
insperata (Lalage), 103.
insperata (Volvocivora),

103.
insularis (Arses), 412.
insularis (Monarcha),

412.
intermedia (Canipo-

phaga), 66, 67.
intermedia (Volvocivora),

66.
irenoides (Bainopus),

464.
isura (Ebipidura), 32D.

jamesoni (Pratincola),

182.
jardinii (Campephaga),

55.
jardinii (Ceblepyris), 55.
jardinii (Graucalus), 55.
javaiiica (Leucocerca),

333, 334.
javanica (Rhipidura),

332.
javensis (Campephaga),

33.
javensis (Ceblepyris), 33.

javensis (Coracina), 33.
javensis (Graucalus), 33.
jerdoni (Abrornis), 399.
jerdoni (Cyornis), 448.
jerdoni (Niltava), 448.
jerdoni (Oreicola), 464.
jerdoni (Saxicola), 264.
joulaimus (Synornis),
162.

karu (Campephaga), 106.
karu (Ceblepyris), 106.
karu (Lalage), 106.
karu (Lanius), 106.
karu (Notodela), 106,
kaupi (Arses), 411.
kaupi (Monarcha), 411.
kaupi (Orphryzone), 411.
kinki (Muscicapa), 28.
kleiiiBchmidti (Petroeca),

168.
kordeusis (Monarcha),

427.
kordensis (Piezorbyn-

cbus), 427.
kordensis (Rhipidura),

330.
kubarii (Rhipidura), 314.

labrosa (Campephaga),

02.
labrosa (IMuscipeta), 62.
labrosus (Lanicterus), 62.
laeta (Microeca), 126.
Itevigastra (Acanthiza),

224.
laivigastra (Gerygone),

223.
Lxvigastra (Pseudogery-
gone), 224.
lagunensis (Campephaga),

19.
lagunensis (Graucalus),

18.
lais (Muscicapa), 161.
Lalage, 8().

lamberti (Maliu-us), 292.
Lanicterus, 59.
Lanioturdus, 237.
lapis (Muscipeta), 438.
larvata (Campephaga),

11.
larvata (Ceblepyris), 11.
larvatus (Artamides), 11.
larvatus (Graucalus), 11.
lathami (Muscicapa),

170.
laticauda (Leucocerca),

339.
laticauda (Sauloprocta),

340.

2k2

484

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

latieauda (Rhipidura),

340.
latirostris (Alseonax),

127.
latirostris (Butalis'l, 127.
latirostris (Hemiclieli-

don), 127.
latirostris (Museicapa),

127.
latirostris (Mjiagra),

381.
larardi (Graucalus), 34,

"35.
layardi (Parisoma), 270.
layardi (Rhipidura), 336.
leggii (Petroeca), 164, 165,

168.
lejiida (Rliipidura), 322.
lessoni (Leucocerca), 233.
lessoui (Monarcha), 233.
lessoui (Museylva), 233.
lessoni (Rhipidura), 233.
Leucocerca, 303.
leiicocyanea (Dimorpha),

206.
leucogaster (Leucocerca),

335.
leucogaster (Muscipeta).

335, 347.
leucogaster (Tchitrea),

347.
leucogastra (Mjiagra),
• 373.
leucomela (Cainpephaga),

106.
leucomela (Ceblepyris),

106.
leucomela (Lalage), 106.
leucomelicna (Lalage),

106.
leucomelanura (Digenea),

459.
leucomelanura (Dimor-

]3ha\ 459.
leucomelanura (Niltava),

459.
leueoroelanura (Siphia),

459.
leucoroelura (Siphia),

459.
leuconotus (Malurus),

201.
leucophaea (Lalage), 87,

94.
leucophfBa (Microecn),

123.
Leuccphantes, 240.
leucophrys (Zanthopy-

gia), 250.
leucops (Leuccphantes),

245.

leucops (Pcejilodryas),

245.
leucoptera (Campepha-

ga). 99.
leucoptera (Lalage), 99.
loueopterus (Amytis),

290.
leucopterus (Malurus),

290.
leucopterus (Parus), 198.
leucopygia (Campepha-

ga), 109.
leucopygialis (Agromy-

ias),"l40.
leucopygialis (Campe-

phaga), 98.
leucopygialis (Diaphoro-

phyia), 140.
leucopygialis (Lalage),

98. '
leucopygialis (Platy stira),

140.
leucopygius (Camjiepha-

ga), 33.
leucopygius (Graucalus),

33.
leucopj'gius (Symmor-

phus), 86, 109'
leucorrhoa (Sylvia), 404.
leucoschista (Museicapa),

207.
leucoschista (Muscica-

pula), 207.
leucothorax (Rhipidui'a),

327.
leucotia (Monarcha),

423.
leucotis (Piezorhynchus),

423.
leucura (Erythrosterna),

162.
leucura (Monarcha), 425.
leucura (Motaeilla), 162.
leucura (Museicapa), 162.
leucura (Pi-atincola), 194.
leucura (Synornis) 162.
leucurus (Museicapa),

163.
leucurus(Piezorhynchus),

425.
levaillantii (Campepha-

ga), 26.
levaillantii (Ceblepyris),

26.
liner.ta (Campephaga),

40.
lineata (Ceblepyris), 40.
lineatus (Graucalus), 18,

40.
lineoventris (Pha?nicura),
• 253.

Lioptilus, 262.
livingstonii (Ei-ythrocer-

cus), 298.
lobata (Campephaga), 58.
lobata (Platystira), 146.
lobatus (Ceblepyris), 58.
lobatus (Lanieterus), 68.
lobatus (Lobotus), 58.
Lobotus, 58.
longicauda (Elminia),

363.
longicauda (Myiagra),

363.
longicauda (Rhipidura),

333.
longicauda minor (Elmi-
nia), 364.
longicaudata (Campe-
phaga), 109.
longicaudus (Malurus),

287.
longipes (Miro), 235.
longipes (Museicapa),

235.
longipes (Myioscopus),

235.
longipes (Petroeca), 235.
longipes (Platystira),

267.
loricata (Monarcha),

425.
loricatus (Monarcha),

425.
loricatus (Piezorhyn-
chus), 425.
lucida (Myiagra), 415.
lucidus (Piezorhynchus),

415.
luctuosa (Emberiza), 159.
luctuosa (Museicapa),

1.57.
luctuosa (Oreicola), 265.
luctuosa (Saxicola), 265.
luctuosus (Ceblepyris),

83.
lugens (Butalis), 15.5.
lugens (Museicapa), 155.
lugubris (Campephaga),

65, 67.
lugubris (Carapophaga),

65.
lugubris (Ceblepyris),

65.
lugubris (Volvocivora),

(Jo.
lutea (Museicapa), 434.
luteola (Erythrosterna),

201.
luteola (Motaeilla), 201.
luteola (Muscicajja), 201.
luteola (Poliomj-iaa), 201.

ALPHABETICAL IJTDEX.

485

luzoniensis (Muscicapa),
149.

macealli (Erythrocercus),

298.
macealli (Muscicapa), 298.
macealli (P}cno8pbrys),

298.
macgrigorijB (Chaitaris),

465.
macgrigoriiB (Niltava),

4(>5.
macgrigoria?(Ph(Euicura),

4(i5.
Machwrirhj-ncbus, 390.
Machierorliyuchus, 390.
Macheirhamphus, 390.
maeii (Campephaga), 34.
macii (Graiicalus), 34.
macrocephala(Miro),176.
macrocephala (Musci-
capa), 170.
macrocephala (Myiomoi-

ra), 176.
macrocephala (Petroeca),

176.
macrocephala (Petroica),

176.
macrocephala (Rhipidu-

ra), 176.
maurocephalua (Parus),

176.
macroptera (Micrceca),

123.
macroptera (Myiagra),

123.
macrorhj-ncha (Pra tin-
cola) iS2.
macroura (Muscicapa),

149.
maculata (Eopsaltria),

232.
maculata (Erythro-

sterna), 207.
maculata (Muscicapa),

157, 207.
maculata (Muscicapula),

207.
maculipectus (Rbipidu-

ra), 326.
maculipeunis (Eliipidu-

ra), 326.
maculosa (Cauipephaga),

97.
maculosa (CoUuricincla),

97.
maculosa (Lalnge), 97.
maculosus (Graucalus),

65.
madagascariensis (Musci-
capa), 149,

maforensis (Campepha-

ga), 41.
maforensis (Ger\'gone),

228.
maforensis (Graucalus),

41.
maforensis (Pseudogery-

gone), 228.
magnirostris (Acanthiza),

222.
magnirostris( Artamides) ,

16.
magnirostris (Campepha-
ga), 16.
magnirostris (Ooracina),

16.
magnirostris (Cyoruis),

453.
magnirostris (Gerygone),

221, 222.
magnirostris (Graucalus),

16.
magnirostris (Niltava),

453.
magnirostris (Pseudoge-

rygone), 222.
magnirostris (Siphia),

453.
major (Campephaga), 28.
major (Ceblepyris), 28.
major (^Rubetra), 180.
malabarica (Muscicapa),

76.
malabaricus (Parus), 76.
malabaricus (Pericroco-

tus), 77.
Malurus, 285.
manadeusis (Hypothy-

misX 273,421.
manadeusis (Muscicapa),

273, 421.
manadeusis (Myiagra),

273, 421.
mandellii ( Alseonax), 472.
mandellii (Cyornis), 453.
mandellii (Siphia), 453.
manillensis (Butalis), 153.
manillensis (Muscicapa),

149, 153.
marescotii (Campepha-
ga), 45.
marescotii (Edoliisoma),

45.
marginata (Campepha-

ga), 50.
marginata (Edoliisoma),

50.
marginatum (Edoliiso-
ma), 50.
maupitensis (Muscicapa),
434.

maura (Motacilla), 188.'

maura (Ollnanthe), 188.

maura (Pratincola), 188.

maura (Saxicola), 186.

maxima (Ceblepyris), 22.

media (Saxicola) 186.

Megabias, 387.

Megalestes, 240.

metena (Campephagal,
45.

melampj'ga (Tchitrea),
355.

melampyra (Muscipeta),
354.

melampyra (Tchitrea),
354.

melampyra (Terpsi-
phone), 355.

melan (Edoliisoma), 45.

melanictera (Pseudola-
lage),91.

melanocephalus (Malu-
rus), 296.

Melanodryas, 164.

melanogastra (Musci-
peta), 354.

melanogastra (Tchitrea),
3.t4.

melanogastra (Terpsi-
phone), 354.

melanolisma (Campe-
phaga), 54.

melauola;ma (Ehipi-
dura), 313.

melanoieuca (Oampe-
phagal, 91.

melanoieuca (Lalage), 91.

melanoieuca (Muscicapa),
207, 251.

melanoieuca (Muscica-
pula), 207.

melanoieuca (Muscipeta),
339.

melanoieuca (ffinanthe),
265.

melanoieuca (Oreicola),
87, 2(i5.

melanoieuca (Platystira),

137.
melanoleuca(Pratincola),

198.
melanoieuca (Pseudola-

lage),91.
melanoieuca (Rhipidura),

340.
melanoieuca (Rhodo-

pliila), 2M.
melanoieuca (Sauloproc-

ta), 34<}.
melanoieuca (Saxicola),

265.

486

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

melanolora (Catnpeplia-

ga), 39.
melauolorus (Graucalus),

39, 40.
melaiiouota (Monarcha),

428.
melanops (Abrornis), 400.
luelanops (Campephaga),

31.
melanops (Ceblepyris),

30.
melanops (Coracina), 30.
melanops (Eumyias), 438,
melanops (Glaucomy-

ias), 438.
melanops (Graucalus),

30.
melanops (Hypothymis),

438.
melanops (Muscicapa),

438.
melanops (Kiltava), 438.
melanops (Stoparola),

438, 440.
melanopsis (Monarcha),

430.
melanopsis (Muscicapa),

430.
mleanoptera (Campe-
phaga), 67.
melanoptera (Campo-

phaga), 67, 68.
melanoptera (Ceblepy-
ris), 67.
melanojotera (Muscicapa),

145, 160.
melanoptera (Platystira),

146, 147.
melanoptera (Volvoei-

Tora), 67, 69.

melanoplerus (Monar-
cha), 420.

melanopterus(Piezorhj'n-
chus), 420.

melanorhjnchus (Platy-
rhynchus), 146.

melanothoras (Gery-
gone), 230.

melanothorax (Lalage),
91.

melanotis (Campephaga),

. 30, 51, 57.

melanotis (Graucalus),
30, 57.

melanotis (Malurus), 288.

melanoxantha (Cam-
pephaga), 62.

melanura (j9i)githalopsiB),
269.

melanura (Leucocerca),
316.

melanura (Muscicapa),

269.
melanura (Mjdagra), 379.
melanura (Rhipidiira),
316.

melanura (Volvocivora),
65.

melanurum (Parisoma),
269.

melas (Campephaga), 45.

melas (Ceblepyris), 45.

melas (Edoliisonia), 45.

melas (Lanius), 45.

melaschistus (Campe-
phaga), 65.

melaschistus (Volvoci-
vora), 55, 66, 67, 69.

meloleuca (Saxicola),195.

mendozas (Monarcha),
434.

Menetica, 441.

mentalis (Campephaga),
37.

mentalis (Ceblepyris), 37.

mentalis (Graucalus), 37.

mentalis (Monarcha),
417.

Merle a calotte noire,
262.

Merle des Indes, 95.

Mesange de la cote de
Malabar, 76.

Metabolus, 238.

meyeri (Edoliisoma), 53.

Microeca, 122.

mimoides (Ehipidura),
340.

mindanense(Edoliisoma),
470.

mindanensis (Volvoci-
vora), 470.

miniata (Acis), 80.

miniata (Muscicapa), 80.

miniata (Phoenicornis),
80.

miuiatus (Pericrocotus),
80, 81.

minima (Alseonax), 129.

minima (Batis), 139.

minima(Muscicapa), 129.

minima (Platjstira), 139.

minor (Elminia), 364.

minulla (Batis), 137.

minulla (Platystira), 137.

minuta (Muscicapa), 129,
161, 176.

minuta (Siphia), 459.

minutus (Pericrocotus),
78.

minutus (Tardus), 176.

Miro, 234.

modesta (Acanthiza), 219.

modesta (Gerygone), 214,
219.

modesta (Muscicapa),
154, 156.

modesta (Myiagra), 378.

modesta (Petroica), 168.

modesta (Pseudogery-
gone), 219.

modestus (Pericrocotus),
83

Molenar, 133.

molitor (Batis), 137.

molitor (Muscicapa), 137.

molitor (Platystira), 137.

monacha (Campephaga),
105.

monacha (Lalage), 105.

monacha (Volvocivora),
105.

Monachella, 240.

Monarcha, 429.

moniliger (Anthipes),
460, 461.

moniliger (Digenea), 460.

moniliger (Dimorpha),
4(>0.

moniliger (Niltava), 460.

montana (Butalis), 151.

montana (Campephaga),
46.

montanum (Edoliisoma),
46.

montrosieri (Campe-
phaga), 110.

montrosieri (Lalage),
110.

morio (Campephaga), 54.

morio (Ceblepyris), 54

morio (Edoliisoma), 54.

morio (Volvocivora), 54.

morotensis (Piezorhyn-
chus), 423.

motacilloides (Ehipi-
dura), 339.

motacilloides (Saulo-
procta), 340.

Moucherolle des Philip-
pines, 149.

Moucherolle noir et blanc,
143.

muelleri (Erythromyias),
200.

muelleri (Muscicapa),
200.

muelleri (Ehipidura),
338.

muelleriana (Mona-
chella), 240.

muelleriana (Muscicapa),
240.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

487

mugimaki (Erythro-

sterna), 163.
mugimaki (Muscicapa),

201.
inuginiaki (Xantho-

pygia), 201.
miilleri (Edoliisoma), 55.
multicolor (Muacicapa),

165, 168.
multicolor (Petroeca),

16(i, 168.
multicolor (Petroica),

165, 168.
Muscicapa, 149.
Muscicapula, 203.
muscicola (Turdus), 407.
Muscipeta, 344.
muscipeta (Muscicapa),

157.
muscipeta (Sylvia), 155.
Muscitode a tete bleue,

281.
MusciTora, 344.
Muscivore plombe, 374.
Muscylva, 233.
Muscylra de Lesson, 233.
musicus (Bias), 142.
musicus (Muscicapa),

143.
musicus (PlatyrhjTiebos),

142.
musicus (Smithornis),

143.
mutata (Muscicapa), 351.
mutata (Muscipeta). 352.
mutata (Tcliitrea), 352.
mutata (Ter25siphone),

351, 352.
mutatus(PlatTrhynchus),

351.
muttui (Alseonax), 132.
muttui (Butalis), 132.
Myiagre brillant, 375.
Myiagra, 371.
Myiagroides, 387.
Myialestes, 369.
Myiomoira, 164.
Mjiophila, 140.
Myioscopus, 234.
mysoriensis (Todopsis),

282.

roevia (Campepbaga),

110.
nsevia (Lalage), 110.
ntEvia (Muscicapa), 109,

110.
nariiis (Symmorpluis),

109.
nana (Eopsaltria), 246.
nana (Pcecilodryas), 246.

nana (Seisura), 408.
nana (Sisura), 408.
narcissina (Muscicapa),

249.
narcissina (Xantbopygia),

219, 2.50.
narcissina (Zantbopygia),

250.
natalensis (Chloropeta),

272.
natalensis (Il3-polais),

natalensis (Sylvia), 272.
nebulosa (Ebipidura),

315.
neglecta (Acantbiza), 227.
negleeta (Camjjopbaga),

67, 68.
neglecta (Gerygone), 227.
neglecta (Pseudogerj-

gone), 227.
neglecta (Yolvocivora),

68.
neglectus (Pericrocotus),

80.
Nemura, 254.
Neomyias, 342.
nesiotis (Campepbaga),

56.
nesiotis (Edoliisoma), 56.
newtoni (Campepbaga),

102.
newtoni (Lalage), 102.
newtoni (Oxyuotus),

102.
Newtonia, 148.
niger (Campepbaga), 62,

63.
niger (Lanicterus), 62.
niger (Lanius). 45.
nigra (Campepbaga), 62,

63.
nigra (Campopbaga), 62.
nigra (Ceblepyris), 62.
nigra (Mouarcba), 434.
nigra (Muscicapa), 158,

434.
nigra (Pomarea), 434.
nigricapillus (Lioptilus)

262.
nigricapillus (Pycno-

notus), 262.
nigricapillus (Turdus),

2(i2.
nigriceps (Tcbitrea), 359.
nigriceps (Terpsipbone),

359.
nigrimentum(Mouarcba),

418.
nigrimentum (Piezorbyn-

cbus), 418.

nigrimitrata (Terpsi-
pbone), 301.
nigripectus (Maclirero-

rbyncbus), 392.
nigripectus (Machei-

rbampbus), 392.
nigripectus (MaAei-

rbynebus), 392.
nigritorquis (Leuco-

cerca), 334.
nigritorquis (Ebipidura),

334.
nigrorufa (Niltava), 455.
nigrorufa (Ocbromela),

455.
nigrorufa (Saxicola), 455.
nigrorufa (Sipbia), 455.
nigriun (Edoliisoma), 45.
Niltava, 462.
nipalensis (Graucalus),

34.
nitens (Myiagra), 415.
nitens (Seisura), 415.
nitens (Tcbitrea), 301.
nitens (Terpsipbone), 301 .
nitens (Trochocercus),

300.
nitida (Slyiagra), 373,

375, 415.
nitida (Seisura), 415, 416.
Nitidula, 254.
nitidus (Piezorbyncbus),

416.
niveiyentris(Tbamnobia),

163.
niveoventer(Pycnonotus),

notata (Gerjgone), 227.

notata (Pseudogerygone),
227.

nova; guinere (Campe-
pbaga), 18.

uovic guir.e.-B (Ceble-
pyris), 12, 18.

novae guineas (Corvus),
18.

nova; guiueff (Graucalus),
18.

nova; zealandiae (Myio-
thera), 235.

nyctbemera (Campe-
pbaga), 265.

nyctbemera (Lalage), 87
" 265.

nyctbemera (Sylvia), 265.

Kympbivus, 249.

obiense (Edoliisoma), 51.
obieusis (Ebipidura), 331.
obscura (Cbasiempis), 5.
obscura (Eopsaltria), 5.

488

ALPHABETICAL n^DEX.

obscura (Muscicapa), 5.
obscuiM (PlKBornis), 5.
obscura (Tiouioptera), 5.
occideutalis (Smicror-

nis), 20'J.
occipitalis (Muscicapa),

275.
oceanica (Myiagra), 383.
ochracea (Oauipephaga),

303.
ochracea (Muscicapa),

303.
ochracea (Rliipiclura),

303.
ochrogastra (Rliipidura),

331.
Ochromela, 441.
oohrotarsus (Turd us),

235.
olax (Pratiucola), 184.
olivacea ( Acanthiza), 212.
olivacea (Cyornis), 457.
olivacea (Siphia), 457.
olivaceus (Psilopus), 212.
oliTascens (^Egithalop-

sis), 263.
oUvascens (Lioptilus),

263.
oliTascens (Parisoma),

263.
Ondule, 129.
orampes (Saxicola), 180.
Oranor, 76.
Oreas, 2.
Oreicjla, 263.
orientalis (Batis), 130.
orientaUs (Ceblepvris),

95.
orientalis (Erucivora),

95.
orientalis (Hyliota), 248.
orientahs (Platvstira),

136.
orientalis (Sylvia), 95.
orientalis (Turdus), 95.
Orphryzone, 408.
Oxyuotus, 87.

Pachyprora, 133.
pacifica (Campephaga),

97.
pacifica (Lalage), 87, 97.
pacificus (Turdus), 97.
pallidipes (Siphia), 444.
pallipes (Cyornis), 444.
pallipes ^Muscicapa),444.
pallipes (Niltava), 44
palpebrosa (Acanlhiza)

230.
palpebrosa (Gerygoue),

230.

palpebrosa (Pseudogery-

goi^e), 230.
panaveusis (Culicicapa),

371.
panavensis (Eumyias),

440.
panavensis (Stoparola),

440.
panavensis (Xantbo-

lestes), 371.
papuaua (Microeca), 247.
papuaua (Pcecilodryas),

247.
papuensis (Camj)ephaga),

39.
papuensis (Ceblepyris),

39.
papuensis (Coracina), 39.
papuensis (Corvus), 19,

39.
papuensis (GraucaJus),

30, 34, 39, 40.
paradisea (Muscipeta),

349.

paradisi (Muscicapa),346.

paradisi (Tchitrea), 347,
349.

paradisi (Terpsiphone),
347.

Parisoma, 268.

parva (Erythrosterna),
161.

parva (Muscicapa), 161,
163.

parva ruficollis (Erythro-
sterna), 161.

parva rufigularis (Ery-
thi'osterna), 161 .

parvirostris (Campe-

phaga), 32.

parvirostris (Ceblepyris),
32.

parvirostris (Graucalus),

31, 32.

parvulus ( Artamides), 14.
parvulus (Graucalus), 14.
pastor (Motaoilla), 190.
pastor (Pratincola), 188,

190, 191.
pectoral (Muscylva), 313.
l^ectoralis (.Alcippe), 368.
pectoralis (Brachj--

pteryx), 368.
pectoralis (Campephaga),

29.
pectoralis (Ceblepyris),

29.
pectoralis (Graucalus),

29.
pectoralis (Leucocerca),

335.

pectoralis (Malurus),

289.
pectoralis (Muscicapa),

365.
pectoralis (Muscylva),

313.
pectoralis (M\iagra), 365.
pectoralis (Ehinomyias),

366.
pectoralis (Ehipidura),

313, 335.
pectoralis (Setaria), 368.
peltata (Platystira), 147.
Peltops, 433."
pelzelni (Rhipidura),

312.
peregrina (Muscipeta),

76.
peregrina (PhcEnicornis),

76.
peregrinus (Muscicapa),

77. .
peregrinus (Parus), 76.
peregrinus (Pericrosotus),

76, 77.
Pei-icrocotus, 70.
perlata (Leucocerca),

328.
perlata (Ehipidura), 328.
personata (Acanthiza),

230.
personata (Campephaga),

13.
personata (Ceblepyris),

1.3.
personata (Gervgone),

229.
personata (Pseudogery-

gone), 230.
personata (Ehipidura),

314.
personatus (Artamides),

13, 14.
personatus (Graucalus),

13.
perspicillata (Muscicapa),

358.
perspicillata (Muscipeta),

357.
perspicillata (Myiagra),

378.
perspicillata (Platystira),

358.
perspicillata (Ehipidura),

333.
perspicillata (Tchitrea),

358.
perspicillatus (Platyrhj-n-

chos), 332.
Petit azur, 274.
Petroeca, 164.

ALPHABEITCAL IXDEX.

489

Pptroica, ICA.
Ph;¥ornis, 5.
phasianella (Campe-

phaga), 22.
phasianella (Pteropo-

docys), 22.
phasianellus (Graucalus),

22.
Philentoma, 365.
philipjiineusis (Cyoriiis),

4.^)0.
philippinensis (Musci-

capa), 149.
philippinensis (Sipbia),

450.
phoeuicea (Ampelis), .59.
phoenicea (Campephaga),

59, 62.
phoenicea (Campophaga),

59.
phoenicea (Ceblepvris),

60.
phoenicea (Petroeca), 166.
phoenicea (Petroica),

166.
phoeniceus (Lanicterus),

60.
phoenicopterus (Ceblepv-
ris), 59.
phoenicopterus (Ixus), 59.
phoenicopterus (Turdus),

59.
Phoenicornis, 70.
phoenicura (Ehipidura),

324.
picata (Melanodryas),

174.
picata (Muscicapa), 157.
picata (Petroeca), 174.
pic<ita (Petroica), 174.
picata (Ehipidura), 339.
picata (Sauloprocta), 340.
Pie de I'isle Papou, 346.
Piezorhynchus, 413.
pileatus (Monarcha),

424.
pileatus (Piezorhynchus),

424.
Pindalus, 393.
pinetorum (Butalis),

151.
Platygnathus, 371.
platyrhyucha (Musci-
capa), 123.
Platvrhynche oceanien,

383.
Platystira, 145.
PlatystoniuB, 433.
plumbea (Campephaga),

49, 53, .55.
plumbea (Ceblepyris), 18,

55.

plumbea (Edoliisoma),

55.
plumbea (Myiagra), 373.
plumbea (Phoenicura),

25.3.
plumbea (Platystira),

269.
plumbea (Ruticilla), 2.53.
plumbea (Steuostira),

2(;9.
plumbea (Volvocivora),

55.
plumbeum (Parisoma),

269.
plumosa (Muscipeta),

336.
plumosum (Pliilentoma),

366.
pluto (Myiagra), 380.
Poecilodrjas, 240.
Pogonocichla, 2.54.
poiocephala (Cryptolo-

pha), 369. .
poliocephala (Gerygone),

229.
poliocephala (Pseudo-

gerygone), 229.
poliogenys (Abrornis),

403.
poliogenys (Crypto-

lopha), 403.
polio;;eny3 (Culicipeta),

403.
poliogenys (Ehipidura),

403.
poliogenys (Sylvia), 403.
Poliomyias, 201.
polioptera (Campo-

phaga), 69.
pollens (Artamides), 13.
pollens (Graucalus), 13.
polygramniica (Campe-
phaga), 106.
polygrammica (Lalage),

107.
Pomarea, 434.
poniarea (Muscicapa),

434.
poudiceriana (Butalis),

127.
pondiceriana (Musci-
capa), 127.
poonensis (Muscicapa),

127,207.
Pratiucola, 178.
pratorum (Pratiucola),

180.
pratorum (Saxicola), 180.
preissi (Ehipidura), 310.
pretiosa (Tchitrea), 352.
pretiosa (Terpsiphone),

352.

princeps (Muscipeta), 71,

361.
princeps (Phoenicornis),

71.
princeps (Tchitrea), 361.
princeps (Terpsiphone),

361.
principalis (Muscipeta),

361.
principalis (Tchitrea),

3.50, 3(;i.
pririt (Batis), 138, 1.39.
pririt (Muscicapa), 138.
pririt (Platystira), 136,

137, 138.
pristinaria (Muscicapa),

133.
pristinaria (Muscipeta),

133.
pristinaria (Platysteira),

133.
Prosorinia, 2.
Pseudobias, 386.
Pseudogerygone, 215.
Pseudolalage, 87.
Pteropodocys, 22.
Ptiladela, 23.
puella (Hypothymis),

277.
puella (Myiagra), 277.
pulchella (Petroiav), 168.
pulcherriraus (Malurus),

292, 394.
purpurea (Oochoa), 3.
piu-purea (Prosorinia), 3.
pusilla (Campephaga),

34.
pusilla (Erythrosterna),

207.
pusilla (Muscicapa), 207.
pusilla (Petroeca), 168.
pusilla (Petroica), 168.
Pycnosphrys, 393.
Pyed Bird of Paradise,

34(5.
pyrrhonota (Erythro-

myias), 200.
pyrrhonota (Saxicola),

200.
pvrrhoptera (Muscicapa),

'366.
pyrrhoptera (Tchitrea),

366.
pyrrhopterum (Philen-
toma), 366.

quiscalina (Campephaga),
63.

quisqualina (Campe-
phaga), 63, 64.

quiseaUnus (Lanicterus),
63.

490

ALPHABETICAL INDEX,

ramsaj-i (Petrccca), 172.
reniotum (Edoliisoma),

54.
rex-pineti (Campepbaga),

35.
rex-pineti (Graucalus), 35.
Rhinomyias, 3l>7.
RhipiduVa, 303, 338, 342.
rhodinogivster (Erjtlu-o-

dryas), 170.
rliodinogastra (Petroeca),

170.
rhodinogastra (Petroica),

170.
rhodinogastra (Saxicola),

170.
Ehodophila, 2G3.
ruombif'er (Leucocerca),

328.^
rhombifer (Rhipidura),

328.
Rbyacornis, 279.
riisi (Muscicapa), 249.
robiista (Pratincola), 188.
robiistior (Pratincola),

183. ^
RoUier a masque noir, 30.
rosea (Erythrodryas),

171.
rosea (Muscicapa), 81.
rosea (Petroeca), 171.
rosea (Petroica), 171.
roseus (Pericrocotus), 81.
roseus (Pboenicornis), 81.
Rossignol de muraille des

Indes, 259.
rowleyi (Hypotbymis),

278.
rowleyi (Zeocepbus), 278.
rubecula (Erythrosterna),

446.
rubecula (Muscicapa),

206, 445.
rubecula (Muscicapula),

206.
rubecula (Myiagra), 373,

377.
rubecula (Plat;yrhyncbus),

373.
rubecula (Saxicola), 180.
rubecula (Todus), 373.
rubeculoides (Cbaitaris),

446.
rubeculoides (Cyornis)

445.
rubeculoides (Myiagra),

373.
rubeculoides (Kiltava),

446.
rubeculoides(Phocnicura),
445.

rubeculoides (Saxicola),

162.
rubeculoides (Sipbia),

445.
Rubeti-a, 178.
rubetra (Curruca), 180.
rubetra (Frutioicola),

180.
rubetra (Motacilla), 179.
rubetra (Qinantbe), 180,

182.
rubetra (Pratincola), 179,

180, 188.
rubetra (Saxicola), 180.
rubetraoides(Pratincola),

182.
rubicauda (Cassinia), 466.
rubicauda (Phcenicura),

253.
rubicauda (Smitbornis),

466.
rubicola (Curruca), 185.
rubieola (Frutioicola),

186.
rubicola (Motacilla), 185.
rubicola (Q3uauthe), 186,

190.
rubicola (Pratincola),

185, 190.
rubicola (Saxicola), 185.
rubicola (Sylvia), 185.
rubicola bempricbii (Prac

tincola), 193.
rubicola sybiUa (Pratin-
cola), 188.
rubicola, var. bempricbii

(Pratincola), 188.
rubicolla (CEnantbe), 186.
rubiensis (Monarcha),

417.
rubiensis (Piezorbyn-

cbus), 417.
rubiensis (Tcbitrea),417.
rubra (Pseudogerygone),

225.
rubrocyanea (Dimorpba),

206.
rufa (Muscipeta), 352.
rufa (Rhipidura), 323.
rufa (Tohitrea), 343, 352.
rufescens (Alseonax), 122.
rufescens (Butalis), 122.
rufescens (Gerygone),225.
rufescens (Pseudogery-
gone), 225.
ruficapilla(Oryptolopba),

400.
ruficapilla (Culicipeta),

400.
ruficapilla (Muscicapa),

400.

ruficapilla (Pindalus),

400.
ruficapilla (Pogono-

cichla), 400.
ruficapilla (Sylvia), 400.
rutit-auda (Butalis), 457.
ruficauda (Cyornis), 457.
ruficauda (Muscicapa),

457.
ruficauda (Niltava), 457.
ruficauda (Rhinomyias),

368.
ruficauda (Setaria), 368.
ruficauda (Sipbia), 457.
ruficoUis (Q-ervgoue), 219.
ruficollis (Pseudogery-
gone), 219.
rufidorsa (Rhipidura),

322.
rufifrons (Cyornis), 451,

452.
rufifrons (Muscicapa),

319.
rufifrons (Niltava), 451.
rufifrons (Rhipidiu-a),

319.
rufigastra (Muscicapa),

449.
rufigula (Cyornis), 454.
rufigula (Erythrosterna),

201.
rufigula (Myiagi-a), 382.
rufigula (Niltava), 4.54.
rufigula (Sipbia), 454.
rufigularis (Muscicapa),

2U1.
rufilata (Hemichelidon),

122.
rufilata (lanthia), 25.5,

256.
rufilata (Nemura), 256.
rufilateralis (Rhipidura),

337.
rufilateralis (Smitbornis),
• 389.
rufilatus (Tarsiger), 256.
rufiveuter (Campepbaga),

101.
rufi venter (Lalage), 101.
rufiventer (Parisoma),

268.
rufiventer (Tcbitrea), 360.
rufiventris (Campe-

pbaga), 106.
rufiventris (Ceblepyris),

106.
rufiventris (Lalage), 106.
rufiventris (Muscipeta),

360.
rufiventris (Myiagra),
376.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

491

rafiventris (Platyrhyn-

chos), 331.
rufiventris (Rhipidiira),

331, 338.
rufiventris (Tchitrea),360.
rufiventris (Terpsiphone),

360.
rufocinerea (Terpsi-
phone), 355.
ruf'ogularis (Muscicapa),

161.
rufolateralis (Piezorhyn-

chus), 416.
rufolateralis (Seisura),

416.
rufula (Muscicapa), 455.
rufus (Zeot-ephus), 343.
rugensis (Colluricincla),

238.
rugensis (Metabolus), 238.
rugensis (Monaroha), 238.
rugensis (Muscicapa),238.
rupestria (Muscicapa),

206.
rupicola (Motacilla), 186.
rutilus (Pericrocotus), 73.

salax (Pratincola), 184.
salvadorii (Edoliisoma),

48.
sandvicensis (Chasi-

eiujjis), 232.
sandwichensis (Eopsal-

tria), 232.
Bandwicbensis (Musci-
capa), 232.
Bannio (Muscicapa), 317.
Bapphira (Muscicapa),

208.
sapphira (Muscicapula),

208.
saturata (Campophaga),

66.
saturata (Eliipidura),

311, 326.
saturata (Volvocivora),

66.
Baturatior (Pratincola),

188.
Baturatior (Saxicola), 188.
Sauloprocta, 303.
saxicolina (Monachella),

240.
scapularis (Muscicapa),

299.
Schet de Madagascar, 351.
Schet noir, 351.
Schet rous, 351.
Schetba, 87.
s(*ierbrandii (Cauipe-

phaga), 104.

schierbrandii (Volvoci-
vora), 104.
schistacea (Stenostira),

270.
Bchistaceus (Artamides)

11.
schisticeps (Abrornis),

400.
schisticeps (Campe-

phaga), 50.
schisticeps (Ceblepyris),

50.
schisticeps (Cryptolopha),

400, 474.
schisticeps (Culicipeta),

398.
schisticeps (Culipeta),

400.
scliisticeps (Edoliisoma),

60, 54.
schisticeps (Phyllosco-

pus), 398.
schisticeps (Eegulus), 400.
schisticeps (Sylvia), 400.
schwaueri (Abrornis),

403.
schwaneri (Cryptolopha),

403.
schwaneri (Sylvia), 403.
Schwaneria, 441.
scita (Muscicapa), 267.
scita (Platystira), 267.
scita (Stenostira), 267.
sclateri (Graucalus), 40.
Seisura, 407.
seniicollaris (Rhipidura),

321.
scinipartita (Butalis),468.
seraipartita (Cassinia),

4(18.
seniipartita (Muscicapa),

468.
seniipartita (Platystira),

468.
Beniirubra (Ehipidura),

321.
semitorquata (Pratin-
cola), 198.
senegalensis (Batis), 134,
senegalensis (Motacilla),

179.
senegalensis (Muscicapa),

135.
senegalensis (Muscipeta),

138, 354.
senegalensis (Muscylvia),

135.
senegalensis (Platystira),

135, 139.
senegalensis (Pratincola),

ISO.

senegalensis (Tchitrea),
354.

senegalensis (Terpsi-

phone), 357.

septentrionalis (Pratin-
cola), 180.

septeutrionalis (Saxicola),
180.

sericyanea (Tchitrea),
284.

sericyanea (Todopsis),
2S4.

setosa (Rhipidura), 329.

setosa (Mu.SL-ipeta), 329.

sibirica (Butalis), 120.

sibirica (Muscicapa), 120.

sibiricus (Hemichelidon),
120.

signata (Leiothrix), 466.

silens (L.iuius), 65.

similis (Petroeca), 169.

simplex (Cyornis), 449.

simplex (Gerygone), 214,
224.

simplex (RuticlUa), 253.

Siphia, 441.

Sisura, 407.

sluetii (Canij)epliaga), 21.

sloetii (Campochaera), 21.

sloetii (Lalage), 21.

Smicrornis, 209.

smithii (Muscipeta), 360.

smithii (Tchitrea), 360.

smithii (Terpsiphone),

3(;o.

Smithornis, 388.
Solaris (Pericrocotus), 82.
Bolitaria (jinthipes), 461.
solitaria (Digenea), 461.
solitaria (Erythrosterna),

461.
solitaria (Muscicapa),

461.
sombre (Rhipidura), 316.
sordida (Enmyias), 440.
sordida (Erythrosterna),

156.
sordida (Glaucomyias),

440.
sordida (Muscicapa), 156.
sordida (Stoparola), 440.
Bordidus (Chaitaris), 463.
sordidus (Pericrocotus),

84.
speciosa (Muscipeta),

354.
speciosa (Tchitrea), 354.
speciosa (Terpsiphone),

3.54,
speciosus (Pericrocotus),

71, 73.

492

ALPHABETICAL LSDEX.

speciosus (Tardus), 71.
speculifera (Muscieapa),

158.
speculigera (Muscieapa),

158.
spekii (Tcliitrea), 352.
spilodera (^Ethomvias),

271.
spilodera (Entomophila),

271.
spUodei'a (Ehipidura),

313.
spilodera (Sericornis),

271.
spiloiiota (Niltava), 438.
spleudens (M;diirus), 289.
splendens (Saxicola), 289.
squamata (Rbipidura),

318.
stellata (Muscieapa), 261.
stellata (Nemura), 3fil.
stellata (Pogonocielila),

261.
stellatus (Tarsiger), 254,

261.
Stenostira, 267.
Stipbromyias, 140.
Stone-chat, 185.
Stoparola, 435.
Strepitans (Platj-stira),

134.
strenua (Campephaga),

15.
strenuus (Graucalus), 15,

23.
streptopbora (Musciea-
pa), 160.
striata (Campephaga), 18.
siriatus (Artauiides), 18.
striatus (Coryus), 18.
striatus (Graucalus), 19.
striga (Ceblepyris), 95.
striga (Turdus), 9.%
strigiceps (Xeornis), 395.
Btrophiata (Dimorpbia),

455.
strophiata (Menetica),

455.
strophiata (iN'iltaTa), 4.55.
strophiata (Siphia), 455.
subalaris (Graucalus), 26.
subardens (Pericrocotus),

74.
subcserulea (jEgithalop-

sis), 269.
subcan-ulea (Sylvia), 268.
subcserulea (Thamnobia),

269.
subcisruleum (Parisoma),

268.
subflava (Muscieapa), 76.

submoniliger (Anthipes),

461.
submoniliger (Digenea),

461.
suceincta (Platystira),

13.5.
sulfurea (Acaiitliiza), 214.
sidfurea (Gerygone), 214.
sumatreusis (Artamides),

12.
sumatrensis (Carapepha-

ga), 12.
sumatrensis (Ceblepyris),

12.
sumatrensis (Graucalus),

12.
sumatrensis (Siphia),

451.
sundara (Chaitaris), 463.
sundara (Xiltava), 463.
superba (Motacilla), 286.
superbus (Maliirus), 287.
supereiliaris (Abrornis),

402.
supereiliaris (Cryptolo-

pha), 402.
supereiliaris (Digenea),

206.
supereiliaris (Dimorpha),

206.
supereiliaris (Hypothy-

mis), 278.
supereiliaris (lanthia),

259.
supereiliaris (Menetica),

206.
supereiliaris (Muscieapa),

204.
supereiliaris (Muscica-

pula), 204.
supereiliaris (Nemura),

259.
supereiliaris (Niltava),

206.
supereiliaris (Siphia),

206, 208.
supereiliaris (SylTia), 402.
superciUaris (Tarsiger),

259.
supercQiosa (Mieroeca),

123.
superciliosa (Petroica),

242.
superciliosa (Poeeilo-

dryas), 242.
supercUiosa (Rbipidura),

329.
swainsoni (Campepliaga),

40.
swainsoni (Graucalus),

40.

swainsoni (Lauieterus),

62.
sybilla (Motacilla), 191.
sybilla (Pratineola), 188,

190, 191.
sybilla (Sylvia), 191.
sykesii (Campephaga), 89.
sykesii (Erueivora), 89.
sykesii (Lalage), 89, 90,

91.
sykesii (Volvocivora), 89.
sylvatica (Motacilla), 195.
sylvestris (Gerygone),

218.
sylvestris (Pseudogery-

gone), 218.
Symmorpbus, 109.
Symposiachrus, 413.
Synornis, 150.

tandonus (Moquinus),

237.
Tarier, 179.
Tarsiger, 2.54.
Tehitrea, .344.
Tchitree-be, 346.
telesL'ophthalma (Mona-

cha), 409.
teleseophthalma (Monar-

cha), 409.
teleseophthalma (Musci-
eapa), 409.
telesoophthalmus (Arses),

409.
temmineki (Artamides),

15.
temmineki (Campepha-

ga), 16.
temmineki (Ceblepyris),

15.
temmineki (Graucalus),

11, 16.
temmineki (Lobotos), 58.
tenella (Muscieapa), 267.
tenuirostre (EdoUisoma),

65.
tenuirostris (Campo-

phaga), 55.
tenuirostris (Graucalus),

55.
tephroeephala (Culici-

peta), 398.
tephroeephala (Crypto-

lopha), 398.
Terat-boulan, 9.5.
terat (Campephaga), 95.
terat (Lalage), 95, 97.
terat (Turdus), 95.
teresita (Elminia), 364.
teresita (Myiagra), 364.
Terpsiphoue, 344.

ALPnABETICAL IXDEX.

493

terrieolor (Alseonax), 127,

132.
terricolor (Butalis), 127.
terricolor(Heruicbelidoii),

127.
tessacourbe (Muscicapa\

149.
thalassina (Glaucomvias),

438.
thalassina (Hypothvmis),

438, 439.
thalassina (Muscicapa),

438, 439.
thalassina (Niltava), 438.
thalassina (Stoparola),

438.
tbala.ssinoides (Stopa-
rola), 439, 440.
tbalassoides (Glauco-

nij-ias), 440.
tbalassoides (Niltava),

440.
thoracica (Platystira),134.
thoracica (Saxicola), 133.
threnothorax(E.hipidura),

325.
Thrush, Ash-rumped, 95.
Thrush. Black and Sc-arlet,

71.
Thrush, Doubtful, 407.
Thrush, Flvcatchiug,

407.
Thrush, Pacific, 97.
Thrush, Eestless, 407.
Thrusli, Volatile. 407.
Thrush, 'White-fronted,

235.
Tickeliia, 393.
tickellise (Cvornis), 448.
tictelliw (Xiltava), 448.
tickelliae (Si])bia), 447.
timoriense (Edoliisoma),

49.
timoriensis (Campe-

phaga), 94.
timoriensis (Ceblepvris),

94.
timoriensis (Lalage), 94.
Titmouse, Great-headed,

176.
Titmouse, Malabar, 75.
Todopsis, 280, 282, 284.
Tody, African, 363.
Tody, Eed-breasted, 373.
toitoi (Miro), 174.
toitoi (Muscicapa), 174.
toitoi (Myiomoira), 175.
toitoi (Petroeca), 174.
torquata (Muscicapa),

190.
torquata (Myiagra), 274.

torquata (Pratincola),

190, 191.
torquatus(Hypsipus),237.
torquatus (Lanioturdus),

torrida (Bhipidura), 319.
Traquet de I'Angleterre,

157.
Traquet de I'isle de Lu^on,

195.
Traquet de Madagascar,

191.
Traquet du Senegal, 179.
Traquet, 185.
Traquet patre, 190.
traversi (Miro), 236.
traversi (Myioscopus),

236.
traversi (Petroeca), 236.
tricolor (Campephaga),

67.
tricolor (Ceblepvris), 92.
tricolor (Digenea), 459.
tricolor (Dimorpha), 459.
tricolor (Lalage), 92.
tricolor (Muscicapa), 206,

251.
tricolor (Muscicapula),

250.
tricolor (Muscipeta), 359.
tricolor (Niltava), 199.
tricolor (Ehipidura), 339,

340.
tricolor (Sauloprocta),

340.
tricolor (Siphia), 459,

460.
tricolor (Smithomis), 387.
tricolor (Tchitrea), 359.
tricolor (Terpsiphone),

359.
tricolor (Xanthopvgia),

250.
tricolor (Zanthopygia),

250.
tristis (Ehipidura), 316.
trivirgata (Culicipeta),

396.
trivirgata (Crvptolopha),

316.
trivirgata (Drymophila),

418.
trivirgata (Monarcba),

418, 419.
trivirgata (Sylvia), 396.
trivirgatus (Phyllosco-

pus), 396.
trivirgatus (Piezorhyn-

chus), 418.
trochiloides (Pseudogery-

gone), 228.

trochiloides (Sericornis),

228.
Trochocercus, 299.
tschecantschia (Sylvia),

188.
turcosa (Siphia), 453.
turcosa (Cyornis), 453.
tvpicus (Oxvnotus), 101.
tVtis (Saxicola), 186.
tyderi (Erythaca), 162.
tytleri (Myiagra), 275.

umbellata (Muscicapa),

332.
U7ubrivirens (Cryptolo-

pha), 401.
umbrovirens (Ficedida),

401.
umbrovirens (Phyllo-

pneuste). 401.
umbrovirens (Phvllosco-

pus), 401.
umbrovirens (Phyllo-

pseiiste), 402.
umbrovirens (Sylvia),

401.
undulata (Alseonax), 129.
imdulata (Butalis), 129.
imdulata (Muscicapa),

129.
Undulated Flycatcher,

129.
imicolor (Cyornis), 444.
unicolor (Niltava), 445.
unicolor (Philentoma),

365.
unicolor (Siphia), 444.
unicolor (Tchitrea), 365.
urbicola (Saxicola), 186.
uropygialis (Lalage), 86.
ussheri (Artomyias),

144.

vanikorensis (Muscicapa),

376.
vanikorensis (Myiagra),

376.
vanikorensis (Platygna-

thus), 376.
vanikorensis (Platyrhyn-

chos), 376.
velata (Drymopliila), 365.
velata (Monacha), 365.
velata (Monarcba), 365.
velata (Tchitrea), 365.
velatimi (Philentoma),

365.
velatus (Platyrhynchus),

135.
ventilabrum (Muscicapa),

309.

494

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

verreausi (Eliipidm-a),

312.
versicolor (Ehipidura),

verticalis(Monarcha), 422.
verticalis (Piezorbyn-

chus). 422.
Ticlua (Campepliaga), 104.
vidua (Ehipidura), 3131.
vidua (Volvooivora), 104.
violacea (Hyliota), 248.
violaoea (Muscicapa), 248.
virescens (Sylvia), 221.
viridescens (Muscicapa),

351.
viridiuitens (Myiagra),

378.
viridis (Cochoa), 2.
viridis (Muscicapa), 3.54.
viridis (Prosoriuia), 2.
viridis (Tchitrea), 358.
viridis (Terpsiplione),358.
vittata (Amaurodryas),

177.
vittata (Muscicapa), 177.
vittata (Petrceca), 177.
vittata (Petroica), 177.
vivida (Cyornis), 46?,

4G5.

vivida (Niltava), 463.
volitans (Turdus), 407.
volitaus (fe'eisura), 407.
Volvocivora, 59.
vulpina (Tchitrea), 353.
vulpina (Terpsiphone),
353.

wallacii (Tchitrea), 283.
wallaeii (Todopsis), 283.
Warbler, Moor, 188.
Warbler, Superb, 286,

292.
Warbler, Sybil, 191.
veardi (Pseudobias), 386.
wardi (Pseudobiastes),

386.
Wheatear, Sultry, 180.
Whinchat, 180.
whitmeei (Lalage), 100.

xanthogaster (Gerygone),

215.
xanthogaster (Lanius),

74.
xanthogaster (Pericroco-

tus), 74, 76.
santhogenys (Macbrero-

ryuchus), 391.

xantbogenys (Myiagra),

391.
Xautholestes, 369.
Xanthopygia, 249.
xantbopygia (Muscicapa),

250.
xantbornithoides (Cam-

pephaga), 61.
xautboruitboides (Lanic-

terus), 61.
xantboruoides (Campe-

jihaga), 60, 62.
xanthcrnoides (Carupo-

pbaga), 60.
xantbornoides (Lanic-

terus), 60.
xantboscbijta (Abrornis),

398.
xanthoschista (Crjpto-

lopha), S98, 474.
xanthoschista (Syl\ia),

399.
xanthoschistos (Phyllo-

pueuste), 398.
Xenogenys, 2.

Zanthopygia, 249.
Zeocepbus, 342.
zya (Sylvia), ISO.

END OF THE FOTTHTH VOLUILF.

FEINTED BY TAYLOR AND FEANCIS, 1-ED LION COUKT, FLEET STREET.

LIST OE PLATES.

Plate

Edoliisoma timoricnse i

marginatum J

Campophaga polioptera II.

Artomyias fuliginosa ")

ussheri , J

Erytliromyias dumetoria "1

muellori J

Gerygone inornata 1

flaveola J

Pseiulogerygono palpebrosa VI.,

Pcecilodryas albiuotata VII.,

papuana

leueops

Erytlirocercus maccalli

livingstonii

Ehipidura erytbronota

rufilatcralis

Myiagra rufiventiis

Pomarea castaneiventris

Cryptolopba* mficapiUa

umbrivircBs

Digenea leiicomelanura XIII.

moniligcr | ^^^^

solitaria J

* Lettered CuUcipcfa ou the Plate by mistake.

VIII.

IX,
X.

XI.
XII.

PI . I.

J G.KeuloTnans

1 . EcLohijioinja. timoi^ftiee.

2. EdLolvLsomo/ rrtarginjcubuurrv.

Ph. II.

J. G -Keuleinaiia

Miiitei-n Bi-(

Canif>oph/:ii)a policptej-cv.

-4^

"^/iL H\Sl^

Ph. HI.

•J- G.Keulemajis

/. ArtomyijcLS fuJxqinosa .
2. ArtovTK ioe iissti eri .

Mjntem Bros . imp .

PI. IV

J. G- Keuleraans

'^. Er}'thro77iyia^ nujjelleri/.

Miiitern Bros itrip

,^\T>8N

/. "

'I- HlSTO^,'^

PI x.

J. G.Keulemans

MinternBroe -mip

^S-H

<^y

^d^Hisrox'

PL .VI.

J- G Keule

PseuAx^gerygoiu palpehroscu. S.

Mmtem Br

^^-'.«H /wt;-s,

'^>

^HlStO>

PI . VII.

' ^ keiilemajis .

P(eril,<,lry(is allnuot/jla .

Miniern Bros imp.

L<i>

PI Mil.

Mm tern Bros imp .

J . Paalcdr\'as papiuuia
Z-PceriLodryajB leuxops.

PI .IX.

■Mmlem Bros imp .

I .Ervthrooa-aa^ macccdh
2.ErvthrocerciL6 hvinctstcnu.

/'/ . X

Muitem Bros . iTnp .

Z.RJdpxxlura riifrlate.rahji.

PI .XI.

i. .\[\nix^rn T-iitivcntriH.
. Poiii nil fi r(i.<itanewentns.

PL. XII.

J Ti /KeuVmaTis

MinternSros imp-

j. Cttlu-ipcto ndicnpilln
'J.fuJictpcta Jinihroviii^ns.

PI. XIII.

J. G.Keulemans MrrvleriiBros.

DicfenecL leiicvrnelctmira . 6. p.

■t^TsH ivju;c

PL .A7V.

J, G Ke-oleniajis

Ivlintem Bros . imp .

I.Diae^i^u nwnUiger.

r<<

r^ t"^ ^, _ >s. .