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FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

PUBLICATION 223
ZOOLOGICAL SERIES VOL. XIII

CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS

BY

CHARLES B. CORY
Late Curator of Zoology

Revised and continued by

CHARLES E. HELLMAYR

Associate Curator of Birds

PART III

PTEROPTOCHIDAE - CONOPOPHAGIDAE
FORMICARIIDAE

WILFRED H. OSGOOD
Curator, Department of Zoology

v NATURAL
HISTORY

CHICAGO, U. S. A.

November 20, 1924
THE LIBRARY Oh

FEB171938

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

THE LIBRARY

OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

' I
7,

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

PUBLICATION 223
ZOOLOGICAL SERIES VOL. XIII

CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS
AND THE ADJACENT ISLANDS

IN

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

INCLUDING ALL SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES KNOWN TO OCCUR IN NORTH
AMERICA, MEXICO. CENTRAL AMERICA, SOUTH AMERICA, THE WEST
INDIES, AND ISLANDS OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA, THE GALAPAGOS
ARCHIPELAGO. AND OTHER ISLANDS WHICH MAY BE IN-
CLUDED ON ACCOUNT OF THEIR FAUNAL AFFINITIES

BY

CHARLES B. CORY
Late Curator of Zoology

Revised and continued by

CHARLES E. HELLMAYR

Associate Curator of Birds

PART III
PTEROPTOCHIDAE - CONOPOPHAGIDAE - FORMICARIIDAE

WILFRED H. OSGOOD
Curator, Department of Zoology

CHICAGO, U. S. A.

November 20, 1924
THE LIBRARY OF THE

FEB171938

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

530,5

V, \5>*

Cop. 2- PREFACE TO PART THREE

The present volume is one of a series with the same principal title

projected and partly produced by the late Charles B. Cory under

authorization by the Director and Trustees of Field Museum. The

series was planned to carry the same volume number ( XIII) throughout

~~ and the separate units were to be issued as Parts, some of which would

X be divided into Numbers. At this date, only Part II, consisting of two

numbers, has appeared. Part II, No. i, published in March 1918,

*O covered eleven families of birds from the Bubonidae to the Trochili-

^ dae, thus including the owls, parrots, kingfishers, nighthawks, swifts,

'r* hummingbirds, and some others. In December 1919, there followed

^Part II, No. 2, including nine families from the Trogonidae to the

Picidae, that is, the trogons, cuckoos, thickheads, toucans, jacamars,

puffbirds and woodpeckers.

While the preparation of subsequent parts was in progress, Mr. Cory
was seized by the illness which resulted in his death, July 31, 1921.
He left a large accumulation of undigested notes intended for use in
the future and manuscript in nearly finished form for at least one part
of the series. During his last days, under great handicap, such energy
as he could muster was devoted to this manuscript, and he never
relinquished the hope that the entire work might be finished. Through
the generous interest of Mr. Charles R. Crane, a life-long friend of
Mr. Cory, the fulfillment of this wish is now assured. With the assist-
ance of funds provided by Mr. Crane, the Museum has been enabled
to secure the services of Dr. C. E. Hellmayr to continue the work.
His familiarity with the principal collections of birds in Europe and
the fact that he has for many years devoted especial attention to the
study of Neotropical birds, render him particularly qualified for the
task. Indeed, if Mr. Cory had been able to make personal choice of
someone to complete the work, there is little doubt that he would
have selected Dr. Hellmayr.

Part III was left by Mr. Cory in an advanced stage of preparation,
but has required somewhat more revision than was anticipated. This
is because of the time that has elapsed since it was written, because
of many additional specimens received by Field Museum from recent
South American expeditions, and because of much knowledge which
the reviser brought to the work, particularly in regard to types and
other actual specimens personally examined in Europe. In the course

iii

of his previous work on Neotropical birds, he had accumulated many
critical and nomenclatural notes and these, also, have been brought
to bear in this connection. Therefore, Part III, as now issued, although
based on the manuscript of Mr. Cory and conforming in plan and
style to Part II, contains much information which was not previously
accessible. In the course of incorporating this, the entire manuscript
has been revised and verified to such an extent that all responsibility
for details rests with the reviser. The seven new names proposed are
additions on the authority of Hellmayr.

Part I, which logically should form the beginning of the series and
which will include the birds of relatively large size, will necessarily be
delayed until the others have been completed. Part IV, now in prep-
aration, will follow Part III, and will contain the two large families
Dendrocolaptidae and Furnariidae, the so-called Woodhewers and
Ovenbirds. The division of parts into numbers will be discontinued
so far as practicable.

In the present work, references will be found more numerous than
in the preceding parts, but no attempt has been made to give com-
plete synonymies. In the case of Central American forms included in
Ridgway's great work, only a few of the more important references
have been quoted, except where the species or subspecies is one subse-
quently subdivided. Particular care has been taken in working out
the geographical distribution and, except where otherwise stated, the
ranges as given are based on actual examination of specimens. In this
respect, the value of the work owes much to the fact that the reviser
had previously in preparation a monograph of the families here dealt
with, for which he had been accumulating material for the past twenty
years. Trinomials have been freely used for geographical representa-
tives, no matter whether complete intergradation has been proved or
not, this being in accordance with the reviser's convictions as to the
true expressions of natural affinities. On the other hand, moderation
has marked the recognition of generic groups in the belief that an
excessive number of monotypic genera obscures rather than clarifies
classification and the knowledge it represents. All references, unless
otherwise stated, have been verified. Measurements are given in
millimeters.

The cooperation of other museums, as formerly, has contributed
largely to the comprehensiveness of the work; in fact, it could scarcely
have been produced without the use of the specimens so freely and
generously loaned.

Acknowledgments are due for the loan of specimens to Mr. Outram
Bangs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.;

iv

Dr. F. M. Chapman of the American Museum of Natural History,
New York; Mr. George P. Engelhardt of the Brooklyn Museum;
Dr. E. W. Nelson of the Biological Survey; Dr. C. W. Richmond of
the U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. ; and Mr. W. E. Clyde
Todd of the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. For information con-
cerning material in the collections under their care, the reviser is
indebted to Dr. E. Hartert of Tring, England and Dr. Alfred Laub-
mann, Zoological Museum, Munich. Special thanks are due to Dr. C.
W. Richmond for critical examination of proof sheets.

WILFRED H. OSGOOD,

Curator of Zoology.

CONTENTS

Orders, Families and Genera included in Part III
ORDER PASSERIFORMES

SUBORDER MESOMYODI
FAMILY PTEROPTOCHIDAE
(Tapacolas)

Pteroptochos Kittlitz 3

Scelorchilus Oberholser 5

Rhinocrypta Gray 7

Teledromas Wetmore and Peters .... 8

Liosceles Sclater 8

Merulaxis Lesson 9

Scytalopus Could 10

Myornis Chapman 23

Triptorhinus Cabanis 24

Acroptemis Cabanis and Heine 24

FAMILY CONOPOPHAGIDAE
(Gnat Eaters)

Conopophaga Vieillot 25

Corythopis Sundevatt 34

FAMILY FORMICARIIDAE

(Antbirds)
SUBFAMILY FORMICARIINAE

Cymbilaimus Gray 37

Hypoedaleus Cabanis and Heine. ... 40

Batara Lesson 41

Mackenziaena Chubb 43

Frederickena Chubb 45

Taraba Lesson 45

Sakesphorus Chubb 52

Biatas Cabanis and Heine 61

Thamnophilus Vieillot 62

Pygiptila Sclater no

Megastictus Ridgway in

Neoctantes Sclater in

Clytoctantes EUiot in

Thamnistes Sclater and Salvin 112

Dysithamnus Cabanis 114

Thamnomanes Cabanis 129

Myrmotherula Sclater 133

Dichrozona Ridgway 165

Melanopareia Reichenbach 166

Myrmorchilus Ridgway 1 70

Herpsilochmus Cabanis 171

Microrhopias Sclater 179

Neorhopias Hettmayr 183

Drymophila Swainson 194

Terenura Cabanis and Heine 201

Psilorhamphus Sclater 204

Ramphocaenus Vteittot 205

Microbates Sclater and Salvin 210

Cercomacra Sclater 213

Sipia Hettmayr 224

Pyriglena Cabanis 225

Rhopornis Richmond 232

Myrmoborus Cabanis and Heine. . . .232

Hypocnemis Cabanis 239

Hypocnemoides Bangs and Penard. .244

Myrmochanes Allen 247

Gymnocichla Sclater , . 247

Percnostola Cabanis and Heine 250

Sclateria Oberholser 252

Myrmeciza Gray 258

Myrmoderus Ridgway 271

Formicarius Boddaert 278

Chamaeza Vigors 290

Pithys Vieillot 296

Gymnopithys Bonaparte 298

Rhegmatorhina Ridgway 305

Hylophylax Ridgway 307

Phlegopsis Reichenbach 316

Phaenostictus Ridgway 319

SUBFAMILY MYRMOTHERINAE

Myrmornis Hermann 321

Pittasoma Cassin 323

Grallaricula Sclater 325

Thamnocharis Sclater 331

Myrmothera Vieillot 331

Grallaria Vieillot 333

List of new names proposed in Part III

Scytalopus latrans sp. nov 1 1

Thamnophilus unicolor grandior nom. nov 84

Thamnophilus punctatus leucogaster nom. nov 94

Thamnophilus punctatus pelzelni subsp. nov 96

Melanopareia torquata rufescens subsp. nov 167

Sipia genus nov 224

Sclatena naevia toddi subsp. nov 253

Phaenostictus mcleannani pacificus subsp. nov 32 1

vu

CATALOGUE

OF

BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS.

PART III.

Order PASSERIFORMES.
Suborder MESOMYODI.

KEY TO THE AMERICAN FAMILIES OF MESOMYODI.*

A — Syrinx tracheal (Tracheophonae).

a — One pair of tracheo-bronchial muscles; tarsal envelope exaspidean or taxas-
pidean; metasternum either 4-notched or 2 -notched.
a1 — Sternum with one pair of posterior notches; nares holorhinal.

a* — Tarsal envelope exaspidean ; intrinsic muscles absent; sterno-trache-
alis not attached to processus vocales ; palate schizognathous ; nostrils

not conspicuously operculate Family Conopophagidae.

b* — Tarsal envelope taxaspidean; intrinsic muscles present; sterno-
trachealis attached to processus vocales; palate aegithognathous;

nostrils conspicuously operculate Family Pteroptochidae.

b1 — Sternum with two pairs of posterior notches; nares schizorhinal

Family Formicariidae.

b — Two pairs of tracheo-bronchial muscles; tarsal envelope endaspideanb;
metasternum 2 -notched.

b1 — Palate schizognathous; outer toe much shorter than middle toe, the
three anterior toes joined (fused) for much less than the length of the
basal phalanx Family Furnariidae.

c1 — Palate aegithognathous; outer toe nearly as long (sometimes quite as
long) as middle toe, the three anterior toes joined (fused) for the entire

length of the basal phalanges Family Dendrocolaptidae.

B — Syrinx broncho-tracheal" (Haploophonae).

a — Syringeal muscles anacromyodous; tarsal envelope exaspideand; middle toe

coherent with outer toe for not more than its basal phalanx, and to the inner

toe for less than its basal phalanx. d

a1 — Bill acute, cuneate, with tip of maxilla not uncinate; nostrils narrow,
overhung by a broad corneous operculum; tarsal envelope exaspidean;
feet relatively stouter Family Oxyruncidae.

• Adapted from RIDGWAY (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 50, Part 4, 1907, p. 330)
with some slight alterations.

b The tarsal envelope, or acrotarsium, extending to and around the tarsus from
the inner side, the narrow plantar space being thus external instead of internal
(the reverse of exaspidean).

0 Vocal muscles inserted on the dorsal end of the bronchial semirings.

d I find decided individual variation in the extent of cohesion of the outer toe
with the middle and inner toes in some forms in several genera.

b1 — Bill not cuneate nor acute (bill usually more or less flattened), with tip
of maxilla more or less uncinate; nostrils usually rather rounded and
non-operculate, or, if narrow and operculate, with the operculum mem-
branous (not corneous) ; tarsal envelope exaspidean or quasi-exaspidean,

with feet relatively weaker Family Tyrannidae.

b — Syringeal muscles catacromyodous» ; tarsal envelope not exaspidean, or else
(Pipridae) the middle toe coherent with the outer toe for more than its basal
phalanx, or else (genus Piprites) coherent with inner toe for the whole of its
basal phalanx.
b1 — Heteromerous. b

b2 — Tarsal envelope exaspidean0 (as in Oxyruncidae and probably all
Tyrannidae); second phalanx of middle toe partly coherent with
outer toe, or else (genus Piprites) the first phalanx of middle toe

wholly coherent with inner toe. Family Pipridae.

c* — Tarsal envelope not exaspidean (either pycnaspidean,d holaspidean,"
or modified taxaspidean) ;f the second phalanx of middle toe wholly
free from outer toe (or else in genus Phoenicircus with the inner side

of tarsus feathered), never wholly adherent to inner toe

Family Cotingidae.

c1 — Homoeomerous.s

c2 — Bill compressed, with tomia smooth; head crested; outer primary
abruptly attenuated at the tip ; inner secondaries abnormally broad,

truncated Family Rupicolidae.

d2 — Bill stout and conical (finch-like), with serrated tomia; head not

crested; outer primary and inner secondaries normal

Family Phytotomidae.

• Vocal muscles inserted in the ventral end of the bronchial semirings.
b The main artery of thigh femoral.

8 (Tarsus exaspidean). "The anterior envelope (acrotarsium) extends entirely
across the outer side of the tarsus and around the posterior side, sometimes meeting
the starting point on the posterior portion of the inner side, the two edges usually
separated by a narrow strip or grove of smooth or nonscutellate membrane." (Ridg-
way)

d (Tarsus pycnaspidean). The plantar space on posterior side of tarsus broken
up into numerous small, irregular or rounded scutellae or granules.

• (Tarsus holaspidean). The plantar space occupied by a single series of broad
more or less quadrate or rectangular scutellae.

1 (Tarsus taxaspidean). The plantar space occupied by two or rarely three rows
of smaller, quadrate, or rectangular, or hexagonal scutellae.

• The main artery of thigh sciatic.

Order PASSERIFORMES.

Suborder MESOMYODI.

Family PTEROPTOCHIDAE.

TAPACOLAS.

Genus PTEROPTOCHOS Kittlitz.

Pteroptochos KITTLITZ, Mem. Acad. Sci. St. P6tersb., (sav. 6tr.), i, livr. 2,
1830,* p. 178 (type by subs, desig., Gray, 1840, Pteroptochos megapodius
KITTLITZ).

Hylactes KING, Proc. Comm. Sci. & Corresp. Zool. Soc. Lond., i, Jan. 1831,
p. 15 (type by monotypy Hylactes tarnii KING).

Megalonyx (not of Jefferson, 1799) LESSON, Centurie Zool., May 1832, p. 200
(type by monotypy Megalonyx rufus LESSON).

Leptonyx SWAINSON, Zool. Illustr., (2d ser.), 3, 1832-33, p. 117 (type by mono-
typy Leptonyx macropus SWAINSON).

*Pteroptochos tarnii (King). HUET-HUET.

Hylactes Tarnii KING, Proc. Comm. Sci. & Corresp. Zool. Soc. Lond., i, Jan.
1831, p. 15 (Island of Chiloe and Port Otway, Gulf of Penas, s. Chile);
SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 325 (s. Chile); SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis,
(n. s.), 5, 1869, p. 283 (Holt Bay, Messier Channel, s. Chile); SCLATER, Ibis,
1874, p. 202 (descr. and range); RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, 1889,
P- 135 (Port Otway, Gulf of Penas); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 349 (s. Chile); LANE, Ibis, 1897, p. 42 (Arauco; Corral, Rio Bueno; Puerto
Montt; Isl. Chiloe); LYNCH ARRIBALZAGA, Ann. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8,
1902, p. 163 (Lago General Paz, w. Chubut); DABBENE, Ann. Mus. Nac. B.
Aires. 18, 1910, p. 281 (Lago Gen. Paz); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 18, 1921,
p. 213 (s. Chile, from Concepcion to Holt Bay, Messier Channel; Lago Gen.
Paz, w. Chubut).

Hylactes tarnii tarnii PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, No. 9, 1923, p. 311
(Bariloche, Lake Nahuel Huapi, Gob. del Rio Negro).

Pteroptochos Tarnii DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3, 1839, p. 70 (from the neighbor-
hood of Concepcion (lat. 37°) to south of the Peninsula of Tres Montes,
s. Chile).

» Dr. C. W. Richmond (in litt.) points out that livraison 2 of volume i of the
"Mdmoires de l'Acad6mie des Sciences de St. Peters bourg" was published in 1830.
Pteroptochos Kim.iTz, for which G. R. Gray unfortunately designated P. mega-
podius as genotype in 1840, thus gains priority over Hylactes KING, 1831.

4 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Leptonyx Tarnii D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. mend., Ois., 1838, p. 198, pi. 8,

fig. i (Valdivia, s. Chile).
Megalonyx ruficeps LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool.,

7, cl. 2, 1837, p. 15 (Valdivia, s. Chile).

Range: Southern Chile, from the neighborhood of Conception to
Messier Channel, and adjoining portions of the Argentine provinces
of Chubut and Rio Negro.

15: Chile (Curacautin i, Mafil i, Rifiihue 2, Rio Nireguao i, Chiloe
9); Argentina (Nahuel Huapi i).

Pteroptochos castaneus Philippi and Landbeck. CHESTNUT-BREASTED

HUET-HUET.
Pteroptochus castaneus PHILIPPI and LANDBECK, Anales Univers. Chile, 25,

No. 3, for Sept., 1864, p. 408 (Hacienda de la Puerta, Prov. Colchagua,

c. Chile).
Pteroptochos castaneus PHILIPPI and LANDBECK, Archiv Naturg., 31, (i), 1865,

p. 56 (Hacienda de la Puerta, Prov. Colchagua, 5000 ft., c. Chile) ; idem, 1. c.,

32, (i), 1866, p. 121 (same locality); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 325

(Colchagua, crit.).
Hylactes castaneus SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, P- 2°3 (descr.; Colchagua); SCLATER and

SALVIN, Exotic Ornithology, 1867, p. 58, pi. 29 (Colchagua); SCLATER,

Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 349 (Colchagua); ALLEN, Bull. Amer.

Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 99 ("Valparaiso"?!).
Pteroptochos Tarnii (not of KING) BRIDGES, P. Z. S. Lond., 9, 1841, p. 94

(Andes of Chile, 34°-35° lat.).
Pteroptochos tarnii (not of KING) SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 170

("Island of Chiloe", errore!).
Range: Central Chile (Prov. Colchagua).

*Pteroptochos megapodius Kittlitz. TURCO.

Pteroptochos megapodius KITTLITZ, M6m. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb., (sav. etr.), I,
livr. 2, 1830, p. 182, pi. 4 (Valparaiso, Chile); DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3,
1839, p. 71 (central and northern Chile); LESSON, Rev. Zool., 5, 1842,
P- 135 (Valparaiso); BRIDGES, P. Z. S. Lond., n, 1843, p. in (Valparaiso);
CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i, 1921, p. 15 (type, from Val-
paraiso, in Petrograd Museum).

Pteroptochus megapodius BIBRA, Denkschr. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
5. 1853, p. 129 (Chile; habits); CASSIN, U. S. Astron. Exp., 2, 1855, p. 184
(Chile).

Hylactes megapodius PELZELN, Reise Novara, Zool., i, Vogel, 1865, p. 60 (Chile);
SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 325 (Chile); idem, Ibis, 1874, P- 2°3
(descr. and range); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 349 (Chile); LANE,
Ibis, 1897, p. 44 (Hacienda Mansel, near Santiago); SCLATER, Bull. Brit.
Om. Cl., 7, 1897, p. 23 (egg descr.); SCHALOW, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., 4,
1898, p. 704 (La Serena, Coquimbo); BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 24,
1920, p. 143 (Valley of Nilahue, Prov. Curic6); idem, 1. c., 25, 1923, p. 179
(Prov. Aconcagua).

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 5

Megalonyx rufus LESSON, Centurie Zool., May 1832, p. 200, pi. 66 ("le sud du
Chile, dans le pays des Araucans et des Puelches"); LAFRESNAYE and
D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av.f i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, 1837, p. 15 (Chile).

Leptonyx macropus SWAINSON, Zool. Illustr., (?d ser.), 3, 1832-33, p. 117, pi. 117
(Chile); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. mend., Ois., 1839, p. 197 (Valparaiso).

Range: Central Chile (from Coquimbo to Curico); southern limit
not definitely established.

8: Chile (Limache 2, La Compafiia, Prov. Coquimbo i, Lampa i>
San Jose" de Maipo, Prov. Santiago 3, Pelequen, Prov. Colchagua i)-

Genus SCELORCHILUS Oberholser.

Scelorchilus OBERHOLSER, Auk, 40, April 1923, p. 327 (type by orig. desig.
Pteroptochos rubecula KITTLITZ).

*Scelorchilus rubecula (Kittlitz). CHUCAO.

Pteroptochos rubecula KITTLITZ, M6m. Ac. Sci. St. P6tersb., (sav. 6tr.), i, livr. 2,
1830, p. 179, pi. 2 (La Concepcion, Chile); idem, Denkwurdigk. Reise, i,
1858, p. 123 (Tom6, near Concepcion, Chile); DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3,
1839, p. 73 (from Concepcion to 47° lat. south, Chile) ; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1867, p. 325 (s. Chile); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus. Paris, n,
i9°5i P- 33° (Chile); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 213 (Valdivia,
Chile); CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i, 1921, p. 14 (note
on type in Petrograd Museum).

Megalonyx rubecula LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., I, in Mag. Zool., 7
1837, cl. 2, p. 16 (Chile).

Leptonyx rubecula D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. m6rid., Ois., 1838, p. 196 (Valdivia).

Megalonyx rufogularis D'ORBIGNY, 1. c., pi. 7, fig. 3.

Megalonyx rufigularis LESSON, Rev. Zool., 5, 1842, p. 135 (Valdivia, Chilog).

Pteroplochus rubecula PELZELN, Reise Novara, Zool., i, Vogel, 1865, p. 60
(Chiloe) ; SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, p. 201 (descr. and range); idem, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 345 (s. Chile); RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 12, 1890, p. 135
(Port Otway, Gulf of Penas) ; LANE, Ibis, 1897, p. 40 (Puerto Varas, Llanqui-
hue; Rio Bueno, Calle Calle, Valdivia; Chiloe).

Pteroptocus rubecula DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, No. 8, 1914, p. 325 (Lago
Blanco Valley, w. Chubut).

Pteroptochos rubecula hylonympha PETERS,* Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 8,
March 21, 1923, p. 45 (Bariloche, Lake Nahuel Huapi, Gob. del Rio Negro;
type in Mus. Comp. Zool. examined by C. E. H.); idem, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 65, No. 9, 1923, p. 311 (Lake Nahuel Huapi).

» The three specimens, forming the basis of this supposed subspecies and kindly
submitted to me by Mr. O. Bangs, prove to be indistinguishable from those obtained
at Valdivia which may be regarded as representing typical rubecula. Nor am I
able to discern any character that would serve to separate the large series from
Chiloe.— C. E. H.

6 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Pteroptochos rubecula nemorivaga WETMORE,* Univ. Calif. Publ., Zoo]., 21, No. 12,
June 16, 1923, p. 333 (Port Otway, "Straits of Magellan" = Gulf of Penas,
s. Chile).

Range: Southern Chile, from La Conception south to the Gulf of
Penas, and western parts of the Argentine provinces Rio Negro (Lake
Nahuel Huapi) and Chubut (Lago Blanco).

32: Chile (Curacautin, Prov. Malleco 6, Mafil, Prov. Valdivia
4, Isl. of Chiloe 20, Rio Aysen i, Rio Nireguao i).

*Scelorchilus albicollis albicollis (Kittlitz). Tococo. (PI. I)

Pteroptochos albicollis KITTLITZ, M6m. Acad. Sci. St. P6tersb., (sav. 6tr.), i,
livr. 2, 1830, p. 180, pi. 3 (Valparaiso, Chile); idem, Denkwurdigk. Reise, i,
1858, p. 136 (Valparaiso; type taken March 27, 1827); DARWIN, Zool
Beagle, 3, 1839, p. 72 (c. Chile); BRIDGES, P. Z. S. Lond., u, 1843, p. in
(c. Chile); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 325 (c. Chile); HELLMAYR,
Ann. Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 213 (D'Orbigny's specimens); CHROSTOWSKI,
Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., I, 1921, p. 14 (type in Petrograd Museum erroneously
stated to be from El Tom6, near Concepcion).

Pteroptochus albicollis BIBRA, Denkschr. math.-naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 5,
1853, p. 129 (Chile; habits); CASSIN, U. S. Astron. Exp., 2, 1855, p. 184
(Chile); GERMAIN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 7, 1860, p. 311 (Santiago;
nesting); SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, p. 201 (descr. and range); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 346 (part; Santiago); BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat.,
24, 1920, p. 142 (Nilahue, Prov. Curic6); idem, 1. c., 25, 1923, p. 179 (Cor-
dillera of Aconcagua).

Myiothera albicollis MEYEN, Nov. Act. Acad. Leop. Carol., 16, Suppl., 1834, p.
201 (Casa Blanca, Prov. Valparaiso).

Megalonyx albicollis LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., I, in Mag. Zool., 7,
cl. 2, 1837, p. 15 (Chile).

Leptonyx albicollis D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Am6r. me'rid., Ois., 1838, p. 196. pi. 8,
fig. 2 ("Concepcion, Valdivia")-b

Megalonyx medius LESSON, L' Institut, 2, No. 72, Sept. 27, 1834, P- 3*6 (Valpar-
aiso); idem, Illus. Zool., 1835, pi. 60 (Valparaiso).

» Three topotypes from Port Otway, for which I am indebted to the authorities
of the National Museum, Washington, differ from twenty-nine other examples by
their darker, more rufous brown (about "mummy- brown") upper parts, and deeper
(ferruginous rather than cinnamomeous) throat and chest. Only one specimen
(d1 ad. Rio Inio, Chiloe, Jan. u, 1923, W. H. Osgood, coll. No. 3762) approaches
them very closely, and can hardly be separated by the slightly less rufous edges to
the rectrices. On the other hand, a 9 ad. from the Rio Aysen (not very far from
Port Otway), which we should have expected to belong to nemorivaga, is much paler
throughout, and like another from the Rio Nireguao, just across the Andes, abso-
lutely indistinguishable from Valdivia specimens. Certain peculiarities, especially
the pale color of the feet, strongly suggest that the Port Otway examples were
originally preserved in alcohol, which would also account for the darker rufescent
tinge of their plumage. Fresh material from the type locality is required to defin-
itely settle the status of nemorivaga, though it seems extremely unlikely that a
distinct race exists on the Peninsula des Tres Montes.— C. E. H.

b Localities no doubt erroneous. D'Orbigny did not himself meet with the
species, but obtained his specimens from one M. Fontaine of Valdivia.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 7

Range: Central Chile, from Santiago and Valparaiso south as far
as Curic6.a

8: Chile (Olmue, Prov. Valparaiso 5, Lampa 2, San Jose" de
Maipo, Prov. Santiago i).

*Scelorchilus albicollis atacamae Hellmayr.* NORTHERN Tococo. (PI. I)
See lorchilus albicollis atacamae HELLMAYR, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Zool. Ser.,

12, 1924, p. 71 (Caldera, Prov. Atacama).

Pteroptochus albicollis (not of KITTLITZ) PHILIPPI, Reise Wiiste Atacaraa, 1860,
p. 162 (Quebrada de la Encantada, Prov. Atacama); SHARPE, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1881, p. 8 (Coquimbo); PHILIPPI, Orais, 4, 1888, p. 159 (Quebrada de la
Encantada) ; SCLATER, Cat. B.Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p-346 (part; Coquimbo);
SCHALOW, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., 4, 1898, p. 705 (Totoralillo, Bay of Coquimbo).
Pteroptochos albicollis SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 425 (Coquimbo).
Range: Northern Chile, in Prov. Atacama (Caldera, Quebrada
Leon, Quebrada de la Encantada) and Coquimbo.

4: Chile (Caldera i, Quebrada Leon 2, La Compania, Prov.
Coquimbo i).

Genus RHINOCRYPTA Gray.

Rhinomya (not of ROBINEAU-DESVOIDY, 1830) Is. GEOFFROY-SAINT HILAIRE,
Mag. Zool., 2, 1832, cl. 2, text to pi. 3 (type Rhinomya lanceolata Is. GEOFFR.-
ST. HILAIRE).

Rhinocrypta GRAY, List Gen. Birds, 1841, p. 25 (same type).

Rhinornis GISTEL, Naturg. Thierr. fiir hohere Schulen, 1848, p. x (same type).

*Rhinocrypta lanceolata (Is. Geoffroy-Saint Hilairi). GRAY GALLITO.
Rhinomya lanceolata ("Is. Geoffr. et d'Orb.") Is. GEOFFROY-SAINT HILAIRE,
Mag. Zool., 2, 1832, cl. 2, pi. 3 ("en Patagonie, sur les bords du Rio Negro");
LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7, 1837, cl. 2, p. 15
(Patagonia); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. mend., Ois., 1838, p. 194, pi. 7,
fig. i (Rio Negro, Patagonia); DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3, 1839, p. 70 (Rio
Negro).

Rhinocrypta lanceolata BURMEISTER, Journ. Ornith., 8, 1860, p. 251 (Mendoza,
San Juan, Catamarca, San Luis); SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, P- 198 (descr. and
range); WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 614 (Fuerte de Andalgala, Cata-
marca); SCLATER and HUDSON, Argent. Ornith., i, 1888, p. 206; SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 347 (Rio Negro, Mendoza, Cosquin, Cata-
• There is no reliable record of its occurrence in Argentina. Burmeister (Jour.
Ornith , 8, 1860, p. 251), on whose authority the species is included by Sclater,
Dabbene and others in the Argentine fauna, did not secure specimens, but merely
believes having; seen it in the reeds around Mendoza!

b Scelorchilus albicollis atacamae HELLMAYR: Differs strikingly from S. a. albi-
collis by shorter tail, much more slender bill, and much paler coloration throughout;
the back being light brownish gray, instead of warm rufescent brown, with the bar-
ring cf the rump buffy whitish rather than ochraceous buff; the rufous of the head
much paler and restricted to the anterior portion of the crown; the cinnamon-
rufous of rectrices, upper tail coverts, lesser wing and primary coverts, and outer
web of remiges lighter; the greater upper wing coverts mostly brownish gray, only
the outer ones narrowly edged with pale cinnamomeous; the under parts more
whitish; the flanks paler buff. Wing ( 9 ad.) 74; tail 68; bill 19. — C. E. H.

8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

marca); KOSLOWSKY, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6, 1895, P- 282 (Chilecito, La
Rioja); LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, 1902, p. 193 (Tapia, Tucu-
man); idem, Revista letr. y cienc. soc. Tucuman, 3, 1905, p. 55 (Tapia);
M£N£GAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus. Paris, u, 1905, p. 380 (Patagonia);
HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, 1909, p. 221 (Prov. Santiago [del
Estero], Mendoza); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, 1910, p. 281
(w. Argentina); SANZIN, El Hornero, i, 1918, p. 150 (Rodriguez Pena,
Prov. Mendoza); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 212 (Patagonia; range);
GIACOMELLI, El Hornero, 3, 1923, p. 73 (Rioja); PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 65, No. 9, 1923, p. 310 (Rio Colorado, Rio Negro).

Range: Western Argentina, from Tucuman and Catamarca south
to Neuquen and the Rio Negro, northern Patagonia.

2: Argentina (Tucuman 2).

Genus TELEDROMAS Wetmore and Peters.

Teledromas WETMORE and PETERS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 35, Mar. 20, 1922,
p. 41 (type Rhinocrypta fusca SCLATER and SALVIN).

Teledromas fuscus (Sclater and Salvin). BROWN GALLITO.

Rhinocrypta fusca SCLATER and SALVIN, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., 1873, p. 161
(Mendoza); SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, p. 198 (Mendoza); SCLATER and HUDSON,
Argent. Ornith., i, 1888, p. 207 (Mendoza); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 348 (Mendoza); HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, 1909,
p. 221 (San Juan; Cachi, Prov. Salta); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires,
18, 1910, p. 281 (San Juan, Mendoza); SANZIN, El Hornero, i, 1918, p. 150
(Precordillera of Mendoza); C. REED, El Hornero, i, 1919, p. 269 (Agua de
la Chilca, Sierra de Mendoza; nest and eggs descr.).

Rhinocrypta fulva LANDBECK, Anal. Univ. Chile, 41, No. 3, March 1872, p. 120*
(Mendoza; nom. nudum); LEYBOLD, Escursion a las Pampas Arjentinas,
Santiago, 1873, p. 5* (nom. nud.); SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, pi- 8.
Teledromas fuscus PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, No. 9, 1923, p. 311

(San Antonio, Gulf of San Matias).

Range: Western and southern Argentina (Cachi, Prov. Salta;
San Juan; Mendoza; Terr, del Neuquen ;& San Antonio, Gulf of San
Matias, Gob. del Rio Negro).

Genus LIOSCELES Sclater.

Liosceks SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1864, p. 610 (type by monotypy Pteroptochus
thoracicus SCLATER).

*Liosceles thoracicus thoracicus (Sclater). RED-BELTED BABBLER.
Pteroptochus thoracicus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1864, p. 609, pi. 38 (Salto do
Girao, on left bank of Rio Madeira); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 46
(Salto do Girao and Borba, Rio Madeira).

• For verifying the above references we are indebted to Dr. C. W. Richmond.

b Specimens from Limay in the collection of the Munich Museum were found
to agree with a topotype from Mendoza. The species obviously deserves generic
separation, being quite distinct in structural characters from Rhinocrypta. — C. E. H.

1924- BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 9

Liosceles thoracicus SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, p. 200; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 344; GOKLDI, Alb. Av. Amazon., 1902, pi. 19, fig. 6.

Liosceles thoracicus thoracicus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 372 (Allianca
and Calama, Rio Madeira); idem, Verb. Orn. Gesell. Bayern, 12, No. 2,
Feb. 1915, p. 124 (Yahuarmayo, se. Peru); idem, Arch. Naturg., 85,
Abt. A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 115 (Yahuarmayo, se. Peru).

Range: West central Brazil (banks of the Rio Madeira); eastern
Peru (Yahuarmayo, north side of Sierra of Carabaya; Puerto Ber-
mudez, Ucayali drainage).

i: Peru (Puerto Bermudez).

Liosceles thoracicus erithacus Sclater. WESTERN BELTED BABBLER.

Liosceles erithacus SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 344 (Sarayacu,
eastern Ecuador).

Liosceles thoracicus erithacus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 372, in text
(e. Ecuador).

Range : Eastern Ecuador.

Genus MERULAXIS Lesson.

Merulaxis LESSON, Traitfi d'Orn., livr. 5, end of 1830, p. 397 (type Merulaxis
ater LESSON).

Sarochalinus CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13, (i), 1847, p. 220 (type Merulaxis
rutilus LESSON).

Merulaxis ater Lesson. KNOB-CRESTED BABBLER.

Merulaxis ater LESSON, Traitfi d'Orn., livr. 5, end of 1830", p. 397 ("Mexique,"

errore; we substitute Rio de Janeiro; descr. o71); idem, Cent. Zool., 1831,

p. 88, pi. 30 ("Mexique").
Merulaxis rutilus LESSON, Trait6 d'Orn., livr. 5, end of 1830, p. 397 (descr. of

9, the type in the Paris Museum examined by C. E. H., is from Rio de-
Janeiro).
Myiothera rhynolopha WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831,* p. 1051 ("Am

Flusse Belmonte," southern Bahia; descr. 9).
Merulaxis rhinolophus SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Am. B., 1862, p. 169; idem, Ibis,

1874, p. 197 (descr., range); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 343;

GOELDI, Alb. Av. Amazon., 1902, pi. 19, fig. 9; JHERING and JHERING, Cat.

Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 192 (Yporanga, Alto da Serra, Sao Sebastiao, Uba-

tuba, Sao Paulo).
Merulaxis rhynolophus ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., a, 1889, p. 257 (Rio

Belmonte; Wied's type).
Merulaxis rhynolopha M^N^GAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus. Paris, xi, 1905,

p. 380 (crit.).

• See footnote a, on page 34.

io FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Malacorhynchus cristatellus MlfofcTRiES, Mem. Acad. Sci. St. P6tersb., (6th ser.),
3, Part 2, (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 523, pi. 12 (Serra d'Estrella, near Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil; one of the typical specimens examined in Paris Museum by
C. E. H.); CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i, 1921, p. 25 (type
from Serra d'Estrella in Petrograd Museum).

Platyurus corniculatus SWAINSON, Ornith. Drawings, Part 5, 1840 (?), pi. 55
(c?), 56(9).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, from southern Bahia (Rio Bel-
monte) to Sao Paulo.

Genus SCYTALOPUS Gould.

Scytalopus GOULD, P. Z. S. Lond., 4, "1836," publ. Feb. 1837, p. 89 (type by

subs, desig., Gray 1840, Scy talopus fuscus GOULD).
Agathopus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 69 (type Agathopus

micropterus SCLATER).

*Scytalopus fuscus Gould.* DUSKY BABBLER.

Scytalopus fuscus GouLD,bP. Z. S. Lond., 4, "1836," publ. Feb. 1837, P- 89 (part,
Chile; type apparently lost); JARDINE and SELBY, Illust. Ornith., (n.
s.), 4, 1838, pi. 19 (part; left figure); JARDINE, Contrib. Ornith., 4,
1851, p. 116, pi. 77 (part; left figure); BRIDGES, P. Z. S. Lond., 9, 1841, p. 94
("in various parts of Chile"); CASSIN in Gilliss, U. S. Astron. Exped., a, 1855,
p. 1 88, pi. 21, fig. 2 (Santiago, Chile); GERMAIN, Proc. Boston Soc. N. H.,
7, 1860, p. 310 (Santiago, Chile; nesting habits).

Platyurus niger SWAINSON, Anim. in Menag., Jan. 1838, p. 323 (Chile); JAC-
QUINOT and PUCHERAN, Voyage au Pole Sud, Zool., 3, 1853, p. 91, pi. 19,
fig. i ("Megalonyx negre" on plate) (Talcahuano, Chile; spec, in Paris
Museum examined by C. E. H.).

» Scytalopus fuscus GOULD is apparently the Chilean representative of the uni-
form slaty blackish species of wide distribution in the Andes from Peru to Colombia
and western Venezuela, which had been confused by the earlier ornithologists with
5. tnagellanicus and more recently identified — erroneously, we now believe — with
S. niger of SWAINSON. While variable in shape of bill, it may be distinguished from
the northern bird by shorter wings, less elongated latero- frontal feathers, generally
lighter, more sooty gray coloration, passing into silky blackish on forehead and
crown, and by the narrow, dusky and buff barring on rump, flanks, and under tail
coverts. Besides, it has a different juvenile plumage. Wing (6 cf o* ad.) 51-53, tail
39X-42'. tars. 18-19; bill 12-13^.

Although authors admitted two species (5. fuscoides and 5. "niger") as occurring
in the central provinces of Chile, four adult males recently collected at or near Val-
paraiso, tend to show that the alleged specific differences are merely the extremes
of individual variation. The case will be more fully explained in another con-
nection.— C. E. H.

b From the colored figures of the original examples published by Jardine and
Selby, and later reproduced by the first-named author, it is evident that Gould,
under the name 5. fuscus, had confused two different species, the brownish bird
with silvery edges to the forehead ("capitis plutnis nonnunquam argentato-griseis")
being no doubt referable to S. magellanicus; while the uniform slaty blackish speci-
men which obviously formed the principal basis of Gould's description ("S. corpore
toto fuliginoso-nigro") is an unmistakable representation of the dark extreme of the
c. Chilean bird. I do not see how we can avoid using the specific name fuscus in place
of Swainson's later term. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. n

Conirostrum fuliginosum LESSON, Echo du Monde Sav., n (2), 1844, P- 3°

(Chile).
Merulaxis fuscoides LAFRESNAYE, Contrib. Ornith., 4, Part 4, Oct. 1851, p. 149

(Chile; type in Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge examined).

Scytalopus fuscoides SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 325 (Prov. Santiago; crit.).
Scytalopus obscurus (not of KING)* DBS MURS in Gay, Hist. fis. pol. Chile, Zool.,

i, 1847, p. 308 (Chile); SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, P- *94 (central Chile);

idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 340 (Santiago, Chile).
Scytalopus niger MENEGAUX & HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus. Paris, u, 1905, p. 379

(part; Talcahuano, Chile; crit.); CHAPMAN, Auk, 33, 1915, p. 411 (part;

Valparaiso, Chile; spec, examined by C. E. H.); BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist.

Nat., 24, 1920, p. 142 (Nilahue, Prov. Curic6).
Scytalopus magellanicus (aot of GMELIN) BRIDGES, P. Z. S. Lond., n, 1843,

p. in ("in various parts of Chile") ; SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, P- *93 (part; Chile);

idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 338 (part; Santiago, Colchagua, Chile).

Range : Central Chile, from Province of Maule to Tofo (sixty miles
north of Coquimbo)b.

3: Chile (Olmue, Prov. Valparaiso 2, Pilen Alto, Prov. Maule i).

*Scytalopus latrans Hellmayr, sp. nov.c BLACK BABBLER.

Scytalopus magellanicus (not of GMELIN) SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, P- J93 (part;
Ecuador); SCLATER & SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 528 (Santa Elena,d
Colombia; nest and eggs descr.); TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1880, p. 202
(Cutervo,d n. Peru); BERLEPSCH & TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1884, p. 303 (part;
Cechce,d w. Ecuador); 1885, p. 102 (part; Banos,d Ecuador); TACZANOWSKI,
Orn. P6r., i, 1884, p. 529 (Cutervo, n. Peru); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 338 (part ; Cutervo, Peru; Quito, Ecuador; Santa Elena, Medellin,
"Bogotd," Colombia); BERLEPSCH & STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896,
p. 388 (Pariayacu,d Junin); SALVADORI & FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14,

» Sylvia obscura KING (Zool. Journ., 3, No. n, 1828, p. 429: Port Famine, Straits
of Magellan), in spite of its somewhat dubious description, cannot possibly refer to
5. fuscus whose southward range does not seem to extend beyond the Province of
Maule.— C. E. H.

b A single (apparently immature) specimen, obtained by R. Barros V. at Rio
de Castro, prov. Aconcagua, in the American Museum of Nat. Hist., I cannot sat-
isfactorily identify with any known species. It was recorded s. n. S. niger by the
collector in Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 25, 1923, p. 179. In the collection of the Berlin
Museum I have examined a specimen of what may prove to be a new species allied
to 5. fuscus. It is stated to have been taken by Wehrs at Mendoza, western
Argentina.— C. E. H.

0 Scytalopus latrans HELLMAYR, sp. nov. : Similar to S. fuscus, but size larger,
especially wings longer, legs and feet stronger, bill as a rule stouter; latero-frontal
feathers much more elongated so as to form a sort of erect tuft; coloration generally
more blackish, without buff and dusky barring on rump, flanks or under tail cov-
erts. Wing 56-60, rarely less, once even 63; tail 37-44; tars. 21-23; bill 12-13.

Type in Field Museum Nat. Hist., No. 50864 adult (not sexed),Cerro Munch ique,
alt. 7000 ft., coast range west of Popayan, Colombia, June 7, 1911, W. B. Rich-
ardson.

Forty^four specimens examined. — C. E. H.

d Specimens examined by C. E. H.

12 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

No. 362, 1899, p. 34 (Chaupi, Paramos of Illiniza, Lloa, Ecuador); GOOD-
FELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 67 (Pichincha, Papallacta") ; MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv.
g6ogr. Armfe Mes. Arc M6rid. Equat., 9, 1911, p. B. 30 (Monjas, Lloa).»
Scytalopus niger (not of SWAINSON) MENEGAUX & HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus. Paris,
ii, 1905, p. 379 (part; Colombia, Ecuador); CHAPMAN, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 411
(diag.; part, Zaruma, Gualea, Pichincha, Ecuador; western, central and
eastern Andes of Colombia); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, 1917, p. 359
(west of Popayan, Cerro Munchique, Cocal, Almaguer, w. Andes; Valle de
las Pappas, Laguneta, Santa Isabel, Santa Elena, c. Andes; Fusugasuga,
El Roble, El Pinon, e. Andes, Colombia).

Scytalopus mageUanicus niger (sic) LONNBERG & RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14,
No. 25, 1922, p. 67 (Pichincha, below Calacali, Ecuador).

Range: Temperate zone of the Andes, from western Venezuela
(mountains of Me"rida) through Colombia and Ecuador south to Dept.
Junin, Peru.b

2: Colombia (coast range west of Popayan i, Cerro Munchique i).

*Scytalopus macropus Berkpsch & Stolzmann.6 GIANT BLACK

BABBLER.

Scytalopus macropus BERLEPSCH & STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 387, in
text (Maraynioc, Vitoc, Dept. Junin; type in Polish Natural History Museum,
Warsaw examined by C. E. H.).
Scytalopus fe moralis idem, 1. c., p. 387 (Maraynioc).

Scytalopus mageUanicus grandis CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., I,
1913. P- 285 (Tambo Ventija, ten miles east of Molinopampa, ne. of
Chachapoyas;= adult d").

Range: Peru (Maraynioc, Dept. Junin; Tambo Ventija, Dept.
Amazonas).

i: Peru (Tambo Ventija, type of 5. mageUanicus grandis Cory).

» Specimens examined by C. E. H.

b Five examples from the Andes of M6rida (Laguneta, Escorial, Valle, Nevados) ,
obtained by S. Briceno, agree perfectly with others from Colombia, Ecuador and
Peru.— C. E. H.

0 Scytalopus macropus BERLEPSCH & STOLZMANN: This is a very distinct species,
a true giant among it congeners, at once recognizable by its large size, powerful bill
and enormous feet. The adult male is uniform slaty blackish like S. latrans, with-
out any brown, the feathers of the body plumage above and below showing indis-
tinct paler edges when held against the light. The type of S. macropus is a bird in
first annual (post juvenile) plumage. The remiges and most of the upper wing cov-
erts retained from the juvenile dress, are dusky brown, the tertials slightly edged
with rufescent brown, and the rump as well as the lower flanks and thighs are dull
rufous brown, barred with blackish. Both specimens, the only ones known, have a
few isolated albinistic feathers in their body plumage. In structural characters,
S. macropus agrees very well with 5. latrans, but is in all proportions very much larger.

Middle toe

Wing Tail Tars with claw Bill

Type of 5. macropus ( c?1 ist. annual) 73 53 30 28 16

Type of 5. m. grandis (c?1 ad.) 78 54 30 28 15 %

— C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 13

Scytalopus speluncae (Menelnes) .* MOUSE-COLORED BABBLER.

Malacorhynchus speluncae MENETRIES, Mem. Acad. Sci. St. P6tersb., (6th ser.),
3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, P- 527» pi- *3. %• * (near Sao Joao del Rey, Prov.
Minas Geraes; type in Petrograd Museum examined by C. E. H.) ; LAFRES-
NAYB, Contrib. to Ornith., 1851, p. 148 (ex MENETRIES); CHROSTOWSKI,
Ann. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Polon., i, 1921, p. 26 (note on type).

Scytalopus speluncae BURMEISTER, Syst. libers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 63 (Sao
Joao del Rey; ex MENETRIES); REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist.
Foren. Kjoben., 1870, p. 374 (SSo Joao del Rey; ex MENETRIES); SCLATER,
Ibis, 1874, P- J93 (ex MENETRIES); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
P- 339 (ex MENETRIES); HELLMAYR, Bull. B. O. C., 19, 1907, p. 76 (Serra do
Itatiaya, Rio; Alto da Serra, S. Paulo); JHERING & JHERING, Cat. Faun.
Braz., i, 1907, p. 191 (Alto da Serra, S. Paulo; range); LUDERWALDT, Zool.
Jahr. (Syst.), 27, Heft 4, May 1909, p. 348 (Campo Itatiaya, Rio; biol.); (?)
BERTONI, El Hornero, i, 1919, p. 258 (Puerto Leon, Misiones).

Scytalopus sylvestris (not of TACZANOWSKI) MIRANDA RIBEIRO, Arch. Mus.
Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 13, 1906, p. 185, pi. 2 (Retiro do Ramos, Bengalal de
Couto, Itatiaya).

Range: Mountainous districts of southeastern Brazil, in states of
Minas Geraes (near Sao Joao d'El Rey), Rio de Janeiro (Serra do
Itatiaya) and Sao Paulo (Alto da Serra); (?) Misiones, Argentina.1*

*Scytalopus unicolor unicolor Salvin.0 SALVIN'S BABBLER.

Scytalopus unicolor SALVIN, Nov. Zool., 2, 1895, p. 15 (Cajabamba, Huama-
chuco, n. Peru).

Scytalopus acutirostris (not of TSCHUDI) TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, i, 1884,
p. 532 (part, Montana de Nancho, n. Peru; one spec, in Polish Natural
History Museum, Warsaw, examined by C. E. H.).

• Scytalopus speluncae (MENETRIES) : The adult male, by its slate gray coloration
with but very little brownish suffusion on the lower flanks, bears a striking resemblance
to the Peruvian S. unicolor, but has decidedly shorter wings, relatively and absolutely
longer tail, shorter as well as more slender bill, and is of a darker slate gray on the
upper parts. The female is mainly dull olive or rufescent brown above, with the wing
coverts and remiges dusky, edged or washed with color of back; sides of head and
under parts decidedly paler, mouse gray rather than slate gray; flanks and lower tail
coverts bright fulvous- brown, more or less varied with blackish spots or cross-bands.

Four cfcf ad. — Wing, 53; tail, 46; tars. 19-20; middle toe with claw 17-18;
bill ioX-"#.

Four 9 9 ad. — Wing 50-53; tail 43-46; tars. 19-20; bill n. — C. E. H.

b According to Bertoni. No specimens from Misiones seen by us.

• Scytalopus unicolor unicolor SALVIN: Adult much like 5. latrans in general
appearance, but plumage mouse- gray instead of sooty blackish; the flanks (and some-
times also the lower rump) washed with brown or fulvous. Wing ( o") 57-59; ( 9 ) 53-
57; tail 40-44; tars. 19-21; middle toe with claw 18-20; bill 12-13. — -C. E. H.

14 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Range: Andes of Peru, in Depts. Piura (Palambla), Cajamarca
(Cajabamba, Nancho), Libertad (Huamachuco) and Huanuco (Panao);
southwestern Ecuador (Zaruma, Prov. del Oro)."

i: Peru (Panao Mts., near Huanuco).

Scytalopus unicolor canus Chapman* GRAY BABBLER.

Scytalopus canus CHAPMAN, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 412 (Paramillo, Antioquia, w. Andes,
Colombia; type in American Mus. Nat. Hist, examined by C. E. H.); idem,
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 359 (Paramillo).
Range: Temperate zone of the Andes of Colombia (Paramillo,
north end of western Andes ; La Leonera, due north of Paramo de Ruiz,
central Andes, Prov. Caldas).

*Scytalopus argentifrons Ridgway." SILVERY-FRONTED BABBLER.

Scytalopus argentifrons RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 14, 1891, p. 475 (Volcan de
Irazu, Costa Rica); idem, 1. c., 16, 1893, p. 613 (descr. of additional speci-
mens); SALVIN & GODMAN, Biol. Centrali-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 246
(Costa Rica); BANGS, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Cl., 3, 1902, p. 48 (Boqueteand
Volcan de Chiriqui, w. Panama); CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910,
P- 594 (Volcan de Irazu, La Estrella de Cartago, Ujurrds de Terraba, Tur-
rialba), 332 (habits); FERRY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., i, 1910,
p. 271 (Coliblanco, Costa Rica); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911,
p. 7 (Costa Rica and w. Panama); CHAPMAN, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 421
(Costa Rica and w. Panama).

Range: Subtropical zone of Costa Rica and western Panama
(Volcan of Chiriqui).

3: Costa Rica (Coliblanco i, Irazu 2).

Scytalopus panamensis Chapman* PANAMA BABBLER.

Scytalopus panamensis CHAPMAN, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 420 (Tacarcuna, e.

Panama).
Range: Eastern Panama (Tacarcuna Mts., Darien).

• Birds from Palambla (Piura) and Nancho are practically identical with a series
of topotypes from Cajabamba and Huamachuco, collected by O. T. Baron, the dis-
coverer of the species. An adult male from the Panao Mts., near Huanuco, has some-
what longer wings (62 tf) and slightly stouter legs, and differs from all other examples
examined by having dusky cross-lines on the rufescent brown rump, flanks and under
tail coverts. An adult male from Zaruma, Ecuador agrees in size with specimens
from Northern Peru (wing 55; tail 40; bill 12), but is decidedly darker slaty above,
thereby approaching S. u. canus, and shows a few dusky cross-lines on the flanks. —
C. E. H.

b Scytalopus unicolor canus CHAPMAN: Differs from S. u. unicolor in smaller size,
shorter bill, darker, more sooty coloration, more blackish on wings and tail, and by
the softer, decomposed texture of the barbs of the rectrices. Wing (three 99)
53; tail 32-34; tars. 19-21; bill 10-11. — C. E. H.

0 S. argentifrons, S. panamensis and S. sanctae-martae are probably merely geo-
graphical representatives of the femoralis-group.

d Scytalopus panamensis CHAPMAN: "Most nearly related to 5. argentifrons, but
forehead black like crown; supra-ocular stripe whiter, broader, more pronounced;
under parts, particularly throat, paler gray, size larger, bill longer and heavier".
(Chapman, 1. c.).

1924- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 15

Scytalopus sanctae-martae Chapman.* CHAPMAN'S BABBLER.

Scytalopus sanctae-martae CHAPMAN, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 418 (part; Valparaiso
(type), San Francisco, Santa Marta Mts.; type in Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist,
examined by C. E. H.); TODD & CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 1922,
p. 319 (Cincinnati, Pueblo Viejo).

Scytalopus sylvestris (not of TACZANOWSKI) BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13,

1899, p. lor (San Francisco); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 13, 1900,
p. 162 (ex BANGS).

Scytalopus latebricola (not of BANGS) ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 13,

1900, p. 162 (Valparaiso).

Range: Subtropical zone of Santa Marta Mts., northern Colombia.

Scytalopus atratus Hellmayr* BOYACA BABBLER.

Scytalopus atratus HELLMAYR, Ornith. Monatsber., 30, No. 3, May, 1922, p. 54

(Rio Negro, Boyaca, e. Colombia).

Range : Northeastern Colombia, in state of Boyaca (near Rio Negro,
30 km. southeast of Cocui, eastern ridge of eastern Andes).

*Scytalopus femoralismicropterus(Sc/ater).e RUFOUS- VENTED BABBLER.

Agathopus micropterus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, April 1858, p. 69 (Rio Napo,
e. Ecuador); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 168 (same locality).

Scytalopus analis (not Merulaxis analis LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER, Ibis 1874,
p. 196 (Rio Napo; "Bogota"); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 342
("Bogota"; Rio Napo); DUBOIS, Syn. Av., i, 1900, pi. 3, fig. 2;HARTERT,
Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 615 (Paramba, Prov. Esmeraldas, n. w. Ecuador),"1

• Scytalopus sanctae-martae CHAPMAN: Adult similar to S. argentifrons and
agreeing with it in small size, proportions of bill and legs, and in the rump, flanks
and under tail coverts being rufous brown, broadly barred with black; but differs
by the much lighter mouse gray (instead of slate or sooty blackish) pileum, mantle
and under parts; paler, more tawny rump, and by the silvery white of the head being
restricted to a small spot in the middle of the anterior crown; bill as a rule some-
what longer. Wing (three o* o* ad.) 53-55 ; tail 33-35 ; tars. 20; middle toe with claw
19-20; bill 13-13^.— C. E. H.

b Scytalopus atratus HELLMAYR: Adult female nearest to S.femoralis micropterus
(SCLATER), but much smaller, with much more slender bill, weaker legs and feet;
plumage above and below much darker, slaty black (even deeper than in S. latrans);
the rufous brown on flanks much duller, more restricted and hardly variegated with a
few obsolete dusky cross-lines; the posterior uropygial feathers barely tipped with
dull rufescent. From 5. sanctae-martae it may be distinguished by somewhat longer
wings and tail, more blackish coloration, much larger silvery white crown patch,
by lacking the extensive rufous and black-barred area on rump, flanks, etc. Wing
(two 9 9 ad.) 57;tail4i, 42; tars. 20^, 21 ; middle toe with claw 19^. 20; bill 12)6.

Like S. argentifrons, S. panamensis and 5. sanctae-martae, this very distinct
form may possibly be a geographical race of 5. femoralis. — C. E. H.

• Scytalopus femoralis micropterus (SCLATER) : Exceedingly close to 5. /. femor-
alis, but averaging larger with stouter, longer bill; rufous-brown on rump gener-
ally brighter as well as more extended; upper parts, as a rule, more or less tinged
with brownish ; forepart of crown frequently with a silvery white spot. All of these
characters are very variable individually, and I should not be surprised if a large
series of Peruvian specimens proved micropterus to be inseparable from femoralis.

C. E. H.
d Specimens examined by C. E. H.

16 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Scytalopus micropterus TACZANOWSKI & BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 102
(Machay, Mapoto, e. Ecuador).*

Scytalopus micropterus micropterus CHAPMAN, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 417 (Alto Bonito*,
Las Lomitas,* San Antonio, Pavas, Andes west of Popayan, Ricaurte,
w. Andes; Miraflores, Salento,' Laguneta, w. slope of c. Andes; El Eden",
La Palma, La Candela,8 e. slope of c. Andes; Andalucia,' Bogota, Buena
Vista, e. Andes); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 361 (same
localities).

•Scytalopus magettanicus (not of GMELIN) TACZANOWSKI & BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1885, p. 102 (part; 9, S. Rafael, east slope of Tunguragua, e. Ecua-
dor).'

Range: Subtropical zone (and adjoining portions of tropical and
temperate zones) of Ecuador and Colombia, ranging as far north as
Alto Bonito, Rio Sucio, in the western, and the neighborhood of Bogota,
in the eastern Andes.

i : Colombia (Andalucia, eastern Andes).

*Scytalopus femoralis femoralis (Tschudi). PERUVIAN RUFOUS-
VENTED BABBLER.

Pteroptochus femoralis TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10 (i), 1844, p. 281 ("Peru,"
we suggest Vitoc Valley, Dept. Junin as type locality; type in Museum
Neuchatel examined by C. E. H.); BERLEPSCH and HELLMAYR, Journ.
Ornith., 53, 1905, p. 17 (crit. on type).b

Scytalopus femoralis TSCHUDI, Faun. Per., Aves, 1846, p. 182 ("e. Peru");
TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, i, 1884, p. 532 (descr. of Tschudi's type and of
a juvenile specimen from Ray-Urmana, n. Peru)."

Scytalopus sylvestris TACZANOWSKI," P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 138 (Paltaypampa,
and Maraynioc, Peru) 531 (same locality); idem, Orn. Perou, i, 1884, p. 531
(Paltaypampa, Pariayacu); SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, p. 195 (ex TACZANOWSKI);
BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 387 (Garitadel Sol;
Maraynioc, Pariayacu, Vitoc Valley).*
Scytalopus acutirostris (not of TSCHUDI) CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Mus., No. 117,

1921, p. 77 (Occobamba Valley, Urubamba district, ce. Peru)."
• Specimens examined by C. E. H.

b On re-examination, the type proves to be unquestionably referable to the
Peruvian form of micropterus, agreeing particularly well with an adult male from
Garita del Sol, Vitoc. When publishing their note in 1905, the authors were not
acquainted with the various plumages of the members of this genus, which accounts
for their erroneous supposition that the type might be an "immature stage" of S.
"magettanicus" ( = latrans). It is a perfectly adult bird with uniform slaty blackish
bastard wing and primary coverts !— C. E. H.

" Although the types have disappeared, I have not the slightest doubt that
5. sylvestris is synonymous with 5. femoralis. Taczanowski's description of the
"adult" was evidently based upon a specimen in first annual (post- juvenile) plumage,
like the male from Pariayacu, Maraynioc, July 31, 1892, J. Kalinowski Coll. (War-
saw Museum, No. 2651), which, along with other valuable material, was kindly for-
warded to me by M. T. Chrostowski of the Polish Natural History Museum. No
representative of the group to which Taczanowski's name had been applied by auth-
ors has ever been found south of Colombia. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 17

Range: Peru, in Dept. of Amazonas (Ray-Urmana, Valley of
Huayabamba), Huanuco (Huachipa), Junin (Paltaypampa, Maraynioc,
Garita del Sol, Chilpes, Rumicruz) and Cuzco (Occobamba). a

i: Peru (Huachipa, Dept. Huanuco).

Scytalopus femoralis bolivianus Allen.b BOLIVIAN RUFOUS - VENTED
BABBLER.

Scytalopus bolivianus ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 98
("Reyes," n. Bolivia, locality no doubt incorrect; type in American Museum
of Natural History examined by C. E. H.).

Scytalopus micropterus bolivianus CHAPMAN, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 418 in text (Bolivia,
Inca Mine, se. Peru; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Northern Bolivia0 and southeastern Peru ("Inca Mine" =
Santo Domingo, in northern portion of Dept. Puno).°

*Scytalopus magellanicus (Gmelin). MAGELLANIC BABBLER.

Motacilla magellanica GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, (2), 1789, p. 979 (based on
"Magellanic Warbler" LATHAM, Gen. Syn. Birds, a, (2), p. 464: "Terra
del Fuego"=juv.).

• The two Occobamba birds, while agreeing in general color and proportions
with the type and four other adults from Junin and Huanuco, differ slightly by
their paler, rufescent olive brown (not deep rufous brown) rump. This insignificant
divergency is very likely to be individual, since the northern form (S. f. micropterus)
shows as much variation in this respect. The young bird from Idma recorded by
Chapman (Bull. U. S. Mus., No. 117, 1921, p. 79) s. n. S. micropterus bolivianus
should, no doubt, likewise be referred to S. f. femoralis. — C. E. H.

b Scytalopus femoralis bolivianus ALLEN: Similar to S. f. femoralis, but slightly
smaller, tail particularly shorter, and with a large silvery white spot on anterior
portion of crown. The latter is absent in all but one of the femoralis, specimens
examined, and even this has only a few white-tipped feathers. S. /. bolivianus is
known only from two skins in the American Museum collection, the type being an
adult, the bird from Santo Domingo in first annual (post juvenile) plumage. More
material is required to establish its claims as a valid race.

MEASUREMENTS

MID. TOE

S. f. bolivianus WING TAIL TARS. WITH CLAW BILL

Type from Bolivia (adult, not sexed) 56 35 32 >£ 22 12

o" ( i st annual) Santo Domingo 57 37 23 21 n^

S. f. femoralis

Type from Peru (c? ad.) 63 46 22

o71 ad. — Garita del Sol, Junin 59 44 21^

cf ad. — Chilpes, Junin 61 49 24

d" ad. — Rumicruz, Junin 64 48 23

<? ad. — Huachipa, Huanuco 60 46 24

c? (ist annual) Pariayacu, Junin 58 40 23

cf ad. — Occobamba, Cuzco 64 47 23

9 ad. — Occobamba, Cuzco 61 38 22

— C. E. H.

0 Here may also belong C. Buckley's specimen from Yungas, Bolivia, ( = S. sylves-
tris SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 626; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 341, part, spec. a).

1 8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Sylvia obscura KING,* Zool. Journ., 3, No. n, 1828, p. 429 (Port Famine, Straits
of Magellan).

Scytalopus fuscus GOULD, P. Z. S. Lond., 4, 1836, publ. Feb. 1837, p. 89 (part;
"in fretu Magellanico") ; JARDINE and SELBY, Illustr. Ornith., (n. s.), 4, 1838,
pi. 19 (part; right figure); JARDINE, Contrib. to Ornith., 4, 1851, p. 116,
pi. 77 (part; right figure).

Megalonyx nanus LESSON, Rev. Zool., 5, 1842, p. 135 (Chiloe; descr. d", 9);
LAFRESNAYE, Contrib. to Ornith., 1851, p. 150 (ex LESSON).

Scytalopus magellanicus DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3, 1839, p. 74 (Port Famine,
Tierra del Fuego; islets of the Chonos Archipelago; Isl. Chiloe; "Falkland
Isl."); DES MURS in Gay, Hist. fis. y polit. Chile, Zool., i, 1847, p. 307
(Chiloe, "Concepcion") ; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 325 (from s. Chile
to "the Falkland Isl."); SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis, 1868, p. 187 (Sandy
Point); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 1878, p. 433 (Puerto Bueno, Isthmus Bay);
SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, P- *93 (part; Valdivia, Chiloe, Chonos Arch., Port
Famine, Straits of Magellan, "Falkland Isl."); CABANIS and REICHENOW,
Journ. Ornith., 1876, p. 323 (Straits of Magellan); RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S.
Mus., 12, 1890, p. 135 (Otter Bay, Port Churruca, Straits of Magellan; spec,
examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 338 (part;
spec, a-m, o, Straits of Magellan, "Falkland Isl.", Valdivia, Chile); OUSTA-
LET, Miss. Cap Horn, 6, 1891, p. B. 71 (Tierra del Fuego; isles of Hoste and
Button); LYNCH ARRIBALZAGA, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, 1902,
p. 163 (Lago General Paz, w. Chubut); DABBENE, 1. c., p. 368 (Ushuaia);
MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus. Paris, n, 1905, p. 378 (Tierra del
Fuego); CRAWSHAY, Birds Tierra del Fuego, 1907, p. 81, with col. pi. (Nose
Peak Forest); CHAPMAN, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 411 (crit. ; Cape Horn region);
PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, No. 9, 1923, p. 310 (Bariloche, Lake
Nahuel Huapi, Neuquen).

Pteroptochos albifrons LANDBECK, Arch. Naturg., 23, (i), 1857, p. 273 (Valdivia,
Chile); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 99 (Valdivia, crit.).

Scytalopus albifrons RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 12, 1890, p. 135 (Port Otway
Gulf of Penas, s. Chile; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Scytalopus niger (not of SwAiNSON)b DABBENE, El Hornero, i, 1919, p. 262
(Lago Nahuel Huapi, Neuquen).

Range: From southern Chile (Malleco, Temuco, Valdivia) down
to the Straits of Magellan and Tierra del Fuego; western Argentina
(Lake Nahuel Huapi, Neuquen; Lake General Paz, western Chubut);
"Falkland Isl.".-

18: Chile (Curacautin 2, Rio Colorado, Prov. Malleco 3; Rinihue,
Prov. Valdivia 2, Rio Aysen i, Rio Nireguao i, Chiloe 9).

• Although generally applied to another species, King's description refers, with-
out much doubt, to 5. magellanicus, the only representative of the genus found in
the Straits of Magellan.

b The two specimens which were kindly forwarded for my inspection by
M. Dabbene appear to me decidedly distinct from 5. latrans. Although slightly
different from Chilian examples, I am not inclined to separate them from magellani-
cus without further material.— C. E. H.

0 Darwin's is the only record for the Falkland Isl., where it has not been taken
by any of the more recent travelers.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 19

Scytalopus latebricola latebricola Bangs.* BROWN'S BABBLER.

Scytalopus latebricola BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, 1899, p. 101 (Paramo
de Chiruqua (type) and Paramo de Macotama, Santa Marta Mts.; type in
Mus. Comp. Zool. examined); CHAPMAN, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 416 (diag.; same
localities); TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 1922, p. 320 (San
Lorenzo, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Cerro de Caracas, Macotama,
Paramo de Macotama).

Range: Santa Marta Mts. in northern Colombia, at altitudes of
from 6,000 to 12,000 ft.

Scytalopus latebricola caracae Helltnayr* CARACAS BABBLER.

Scytalopus latebricola caracae HELLMAYR, Ornith. Monatsber., 30, No. 3, May
1922, p. 56 (Galipan, Cerro del Avila, n. Coast Mts. near Caracas, Ven-
ezuela).

Range: Coast range of Venezuela, in Dept. Federal Occidental
(Galipan, Cerro del Avila, Silla de Caracas).

*Scytalopus latebricola meridanus Hellmayr." MERIDA BABBLER.

Scytalopus latebricola meridanus HELLMAYR, Ornith. Monatsber., 30, No. 3,
May 1922, p. 58 (La Culata, Andes of M6rida, w. Venezuela).

Scytalopus griseicollis (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1875, p. 235 (Merida); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 340 (part;
Sierra Nevada, M6rida).

• Scytalopus latebricola latebricola BANGS: Above mouse-gray; rump and upper
tail coverts cinnamon - or tawny brown, either uniform or narrowly barred with
blackish; wings mouse-gray like the back, some of the lateral scapulars and the ter-
tials sometimes slightly washed with brownish; tail sooty, tinged with brownish,
particularly on median rectrices; under parts lighter mouse-gray than the back,
flanks and under tail coverts cinnamon - or tawny brown, conspicuously barred
with blackish. Wing (o") 64-66, (9) 61-63; tail (o*) 43-46, (9) 42-45; tars. 23-24;
middle toe with claw 22-23^; bill 13-15.

This species is not unlike 5. griseicollis, but much darker below, with distinct
blackish bars on flanks and under tail coverts. Besides, it is much larger in all its
proportions, the feet being even heavier than in the 5. femoralis — group, and the
bill is much stronger, more compressed laterally, with the culmen basally distinctly
ridged and more elevated than in any other species of the genus, approaching in
form that of Myornis senilis. — C. E. H.

b Scytalopus latebricola. caracae HELLMAYR: Similar to 5. /. latebricola, but smaller,
with slenderer feet, decidedly weaker bill with basal portion of culmen not appre-
ciably ridged; tail more blackish, and color of upper and under parts darker, sooty
or slate-gray (instead of mouse or smoke-gray). Wing (o") 58-60, ( 9 ) 55-58; tail (o")
39-44, (9) 36-40; tars, (o") 22-23, (V) 20-21; middle toe with claw (j) 19-22,
(9) i8#-2o;bill 12-13.— C. E. H.

• Scytalopus latebricola meridanus HELLMAYR: Similar to S. 1. caracee HELLMAYR,
but with smaller bill, weaker feet, shorter wings, and also distinguished by the
decidedly lighter, mouse-gray rather than slate-gray under parts; brighter cinnamon-
brown rump and flanks, and by having the upper surface even in adult plumage
slightly washed with brownish. Wing (o") 56-60, ( 9 ) 53-55; tail (t?) 38-45, ( 9 ) 36-
42; tars. 19-21; middle toe with claw 18-20; bill 10^-12.— C. E. H.

20 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Scytalopus sylvestris (not of TACZANOWSKI) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,

1890, p. 341 (part; spec, b, Bogota); CHAPMAN, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 416 (Paramo

de Santa Isabel, c. Andes of Colombia; Paramo de Conejos, Sierra of Merida) ;

idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 360 (Paramo de Santa Isabel).
Scytalopus sanctae-martae (not of CHAPMAN) CHAPMAN, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 418

(part; specimen from Andes of M6rida (6,500 ft.) in Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,

examined by C. E. H.).
Scytalopus magellanicus (not of GMELIN) BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S.

Lond., 1884, p. 303 (part; 9 from Chaguarpata, 5,700 ft., w. Ecuador, in

Mus. Warsaw examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Western Venezuela: Andes of M&ida (Los Duramos,
El Escorial, Santo Domingo, Culata, Conejos, La Cuchilla, Paramo
Frias, Heights of Tabay, Rio Mucujon) and Lara (Anzoategui, 10 km.
east of Humucaro); central and eastern Andes of Colombia, in
states of Cauca, Santander, Boyaca, Tolima and Cundinamarca;(?)
western Ecuador (Chaguarpata). a

8: Venezuela (Rio Mucuj6n, Me'rida 3, Paramo de Tama 5).

Scytalopus griseicollis griseicollis (Lafresnaye). RUFOUS-RUMPED
BABBLER.

Merulaxis griseicollis LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 3, 1840, p. 103 ("Santa F6-de-
Bogota," Colombia); idem, Contrib. to Ornith., 1851, p. 149 (Bogota).

Scytalopus griseicollis ScLATER,b P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 142 (Bogota); idem,
Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 168 (Bogota); idem, Ibis, 1874, P- *95
(Bogota); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 340 (part; Bogota); CHAP-
MAN, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 414 (Bogotd; El Roble, El Pinon, Chipaque, Tocai-
mito, above Bogotd, e. Andes); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,
1917, p. 360 (same localities).

Merulaxis squamiger LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 3, 1840, p. 103 (Bogota; = juvenile
plumage); idem, Contrib. to Ornith., 1851, p. 150 (Bogota).

Scytalopus squamiger SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 142 (Bogota).

Scytalopus infasciatus CHAPMAN,° Auk, 32, 1915, p. 414 (Paramo de Beltran,
near Bogota; type in Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, examined by C. E. H.); idem,
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 361 (same locality).

Range : Temperate Zone of the eastern Andes near Bogota.

• It is possible that the range given above includes more than one race. Birds
from Santander, Boyaca, Tolima, Bogotd and Paramo de Tama (near Venezuelan
line) have the upper parts more strongly washed with brownish, and somewhat
lighter, less blackish tails than the Venezuelan series, though there is much individual
variation. A single female from Chaguarpata, changing from the juvenile into the
first annual plumage appears to belong to meridanus, being in general coloration
more like the Venezuelan than the Colombian birds; but it is slightly smaller than
any other example examined by the writer. (Wing 51, tail 32, tars. 18, bill 12).
More material is required to decide the status of the Ecuadorian form. — C. E. H.

b I cannot imagine what S. griseicollis SCLATER (P. Z. S. Lond., 22, 1854, p. in)
from Quijos, e. Ecuador might be. In Ibis, 1874, p. 195, this author states that he
has four Bogota-skins and "never met with it from any other locality."

e After carefully comparing the type of 5. infasciatus with a large series of
"Bogotd '-skins, I have come to the conclusion that it is only an extremely dark

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 21

Scytalopus griseicollis fuscicauda Hellmayr.* VENEZUELAN RUFOUS-
RUMPED BABBLER.

Scytalopus griseicollis fuscicauda HELLMAYR, Ornith. Monatsber., 30, No. 3,
May i, 1922, p. 55 (Paramo de Rosas, Est. Lara, w. Venezuela).

Range: Andes of Venezuela in states of Lara (Paramo de Rosas,
14 km. s. e. of Carache) and Trujillo (Guamito, Teta de Niquitao, a
little to the northwest of the town of Trujillo) at altitudes of from 3,500
to 4,000 metr.

*Scytalopus acutirostris (Tschudi).b SHARP-BILLED BABBLER.

Pteroptochus acutirostris TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10, (i), 1844, p. 282 ("Peru"'
type in Mus. Neuchatel examined by C. E. H.).

Scytalopus acutirostris TSCHUDI, Faun. Peru., Aves, 1846, p. 183 ("Ostseite der
Peruanischen Anden," we suggest Maraynioc, Dept. Junin as type locality);
TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6rou, i, 1884, p. 532 (part; descr. of type in Mus.
Neuchatel; Maraynioc [one o71 "non adulte"], spec, in Mus. Warsaw exam-
ined by C. E. H.); BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 388
(Maraynioc; spec, examined by C. E. H.); BERLEPSCH and HELLMAYR,
Journ. Ornith., 53, 1905, p. 19 (crit. on Tschudi's type; synon.).

individual variant of 5. griseicollis, which is exceedingly variable in intensity of
coloration. I may add that Dr. Chapman (in litt.) now agrees with this view.

With respect to the second specimen from (El Roble) referred by Chapman to
his S. infasciatus, I must confess that I am altogether doubtful as to its proper dis-
position. In general coloration, it has a superficial resemblance to darker examples
of griseicollis, from which, however, the blackish tail and the broad blackish bars on
the flanks serve to distinguish it. It also recalls S. m. micropterus, but has no bars
on the rump, and a much smaller bill. From 5. /. meridanus, it differs by its stronger
legs, more blackish tail and much darker sooty upper and under parts. — C. E. H.

• Scytalopus griseicollis fuscicauda HELLMAYR: Differs in adult plumage from
5. g. griseicollis by the dark grayish or dusky brown (instead of cinnamon or russet
brown) tail. Even the juvenile dress is recognizable by the almost uniform dusky
brown rectrices, with seldom a few slight buff y cross-lines near the tip. Wing (four
o"o") 57-6o, (three 99) 55-57; tail (d") 41-44, ( 9) 40-43; tars. 20-22; middle toe
with claw 19-20; bill 11-12. Twelve specimens, all in Carnegie Museum ex-
amined.—C. E. H.

b Scytalopus acutirostris (Tscnupi) : Resembles S. g. griseicollis in size, structure
and shape of bill, but differs by having the rump, flanks and lower tail coverts regu-
larly barred with black; the tail dark brown with irregular, light rufescent cross-
markings; the tertials barred with black and rufescent brown; the rump of a duller,
less cinnamomeous tinge, and the flanks less extensively as well as lighter ochraceous.
Wing 52-58; tail 35-41; tars. 19^-21; middle toe with claw 17^-19; bill 11-12.
— C. E. H.

0 It is somewhat reluctantly that I accept Tschudi's term for this well-character-
ized form which may prove to be but a southern representative of griseicollis. The
type which I have recently compared again with a good series from Maraynioc and
nw. Bolivia (Illimani) is in very poor condition, has lost its tail and, owing to its
having apparently been preserved in alcohol for some time, its colors have been
alterated. All tints are darker and duller than in the other examples examined, with
which it closely agrees, however, in proportions and markings. The late Count Ber-
lepsch who had seen the type, was also of the opinion that it belonged to the southern
form of griseicollis with barred tertials, rump and flanks. — C. E. H.

22 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Scytalopus simonsi CHUBB," Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 38, Dec. 1917, p. 17 (Choque-

camate, near Tapacari, Prov. Cochabamba, Bolivia).
Scytalopus sp., CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Mus., No. 117, 1921, p. 78 (Cedrobamba,

Urubamba region; Limbani, se. Peru; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Temperate zone of Peru in Depts. of Huanuco, Junin
(Maraynioc, Chipa), Cuzco (Cedrobamba) b and Puno (Limbani),
and Bolivia (Cocapata, Illimani, Unduavi, Choquecamate).

6: Peru (Huanuco Mts.).

Scytalopus indigoticus (Wied). WHITE-BREASTED BABBLER.

Myiothera indigotica WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831, p. 1091 ("in

der Gegend von Bahia," e. Brazil).
Malacorhynchus indigoticus MENETRIES, M6m. Acad. Sci. St. P6tersb., (6th ser.)

3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 529 (ex WIED).
Myothera indigotica LAFRESNAYE, Contrib. to Ornith., 1851, p. 147 (Bahia;

ex WIED).
Malacorhynchus albiventris MENETRIES, Mein. Acad. Sci. St. Pfitersb., (6th ser.)

3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 525, pi. 13, fig. 2 ("la Serra d'Estrella, non loin

de Rio de Janeiro"); LAFRESNAYE, Contrib. to Ornith., 4, 1851, p. 147 (crit.);

CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i, 1921, p. 26 (type in Petro-

grad Museum).
Scytalopus albiventris JARDINE, Contrib. to Ornith., 4, 1851, p. 118-10, pi. 76*

fig. 2 (Brazil; = adult).
Scytalopus albogularis GOULD, P. Z. S. Lond., 4, "1836," publ. Feb. 1837, p. 90

("in Brasilia") ; JARDINE and SELBY, Illus. Ornith., (n. s.), 4, 1838, pi. 20

( = ist annual plumage); JARDINE, Contr. Ornith., 4, 1851, p. 116-8 pi. 78

( = ist annual).
Scytalopus undulatus JARDINE, Contrib. to Ornith., 4, 1851, p. 117-9, pi. ?6»

fig. i (hab. ign. ; = juvenile plumage).
Hypocnemis ? striativentris SALVADORI, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., 7, 1864, p. 159

(Brazil; = adult).
Scytalopus indigoticus BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 63 (Bahia

to Rio de Janeiro); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, 1867, p. 46 (Mattodentro, Ypan-

ema, S. Paulo); SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, P- I95 (se- Brazil); BERLEPSCH and

JHERING, Zeits. ges. Ornith., 2, 1885, p. 152 (Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul);

ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 257 (Wied's type); SCLATER,

Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 34 (se. Brazil); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul.,

• I have not seen the type, but a small series from w. Bolivia (Illimani, Unduavi)
in the Berlepsch Collection is perfectly identical with two from Maraynioc which
we may regard as topotypical of acutirostris. A female (ist. annual) from
Limbani, se. Peru in the Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, is exactly similar. The silvery
white superciliary streak appears to be an individual character, it being present
only in two of our Hudnuco examples, in an adult male from Chipa (Junin) and the
immature bird from Limbani. — C. E. H.

b The two specimens from Cedrobamba have the flanks much brighter cinnamon-
rufous, and the tertials and rump likewise brighter tawny. They possibly represent
a separable race. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 23

3, 1899, p. 249 (Iguap6, S. Paulo) ; idem, 1. c. 5, 1902, p. 301 (Iguap6; egg descr.) ;
idem, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul para o anno 1900, 1899, p. 131 (Mundo
Novo, Rio Grande do Sul); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus. Paris,
ii, 1905, p. 380 (Rio de Janeiro); JEERING and JEERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i,
1907, p. 192 (Ypiranga, Iguapd, Alto da Serra, Bauru, S. Paulo; Ourinho,
Parana).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul.

Scytalopus superciliaris Cabanis.* WHITE-BROWED BABBLER.

Scytalopus superciliaris CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 31, 1883, p. 105, pi. 2, fig. 2
("In der dritten Gebirgskette von Tucuman, westlich von Sauciyaca,"
w. Argentina); SCLATER and SALVIN, Arg. Ornith., i, 1888, p. 205 (ex CAB-
ANIS); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 342 (ex CABANIS); LILLO,
Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, 1902, p. 193 (Tafi, La Cienaga, La Hoyada,
Tucuman); idem, Rev. letr. y. cienc. soc. Tucuman, 3, 1905, p. 54 (same
localities); BAER, Ornis., 12, 1904, p. 224 (Lagunita, Prov. Tucuman);
DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, 1910, p. 280 (Tafi, La Cienaga,
La Hoyada, Prov. Tucuman; ? w. Catamarca (ex FONTANA)).

Range: Mountains of Prov. Tucuman, Argentina, at altitudes
of from 8,000 to 11,000 feet.

Genus MYORNIS Chapman.
Myornis CBAPMAN, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 410 (type Merulaxis senilis LAFRESNAYE).

*Myornis senilis (Lafresnaye). ASH-COLORED BABBLER.

Merulaxis senilis LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 3, 1840, p. 103 ("Santa F6 de Bogota,"

Colombia; descr. of an albinistic example); idem, Contrib. to Ornith., 1851,

p. 149 (Bogota; full description).
Scytalopus senilis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 142 (Bogota); idem,

Ibis, 1874, p. 194 (Bogota); idem, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 340

(Bogotd); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 67 (Pichincha, Papallacta, Ecuador;

spec, in Tring Museum examined)6; CBAPMAN, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 410 (crit.

on type; "Bogota," El Pinon, below Bogota, e. Andes; Laguncta, c. Andes,

Colombia; Pichincha, Ecuador).
Myornis senilis CBAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 362 (Lagun-

eta, c. Andes; El Pinon, e. Andes, Colombia); LONNBERG and RENDAUL,

Arkiv Zool., 14, No. 25, 1922, p. 67 (Pichincha).

• Scytalopus superciliaris CABANIS: A very distinct species, differing from
S. indigoticus by the possession of a strongly pronounced, white superciliary stripe;
by the barred upper tail coverts; by having the throat only white, breast and abdo-
men slate gray; finally, by the black (instead of yellow) lower mandible. The basal
portion of the culmen is even more strongly ridged and elevated than in Myornis
senilis. Six specimens present the following measurements: Wing 50-54; tail 31-37;
bill H-I2.— C. E. H.

b The specimen from Pichincha has a number of albinistic white feathers on
forehead and lores. — C. E. H.

24 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Range: Temperate zone of central (Laguneta; Sancudo, Prov.
Caldas) and eastern Andes of Colombia (Prov. Cundinamarca,
Santander) and Ecuador.*

i: Colombia (Paramo de Tama, Santander).

Genus TRIPTORHINUS Cabanis.

Triptorhinus CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13, (i), 1847, p. 219 (type by subs, desig.,

Gray, 1855, Troglodytes paradoxus KITTLITZ).
Malacorhamphus KITTLITZ, Denkwurdigk. Reise, i, 1858, p. 124 (type Mala-

corhamphus araucanus KITTLITZ = Troglodytes paradoxus KITTLITZ).

*Triptorhinus paradoxus (KittUtz). KITTLITZ'S BABBLER.

Troglodytes paradoxus KITTLITZ, M6m. Ac. Sci. St. PStersb., (sav. 6tr.)f i, livr.

2, 1830, p. 184, pi. 5 (La Conception, Chile); CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Mus.

Pol. Hist. Nat., i, p. 15 (the type in the Petrograd Museum is from El

Tom6 near Concepcion).
Triptorhinus paradoxus HARTLAUB, Naumannia, 3, 1853, p. 211 (Valdivia);

SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 325 (Valdivia); SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, p. 205

(descr.; Valdivia); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 351 (s. Chile);

LANE, Ibis, 1897, p. 45 (Coronel, Prov. Concepcion; Calle-Calle, Valdivia;

Chiloe).
Mer[ulaxis] analis LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 3, 1840, p. 104 ("du Paraguay ou

du Chile"); idem, Contrib. to Ornith., 1851, p. 149; CHAPMAN, Auk, 32,

1915, p. 418 (crit. on type; =T. paradoxus KITTLITZ).
Malacorhynchus chilensis MENETRIES, M£m. Ac. Sci. St. P6tersb., (6th ser.), 3,

Part 2, (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 527 (new name for Troglodytes paradoxus

KlTTL.).

Platyurus lepturus SWAINSON, Classif. Birds, 2, 1837, p. 319 (new name for

Troglodytes paradoxus KITTL.).
Malacorhamphus araucanus KITTLITZ, Denkwurdigk. Reise, I, 1858, p. 124,

(new name for Troglodytes paradoxus KITTLITZ).

Range: Chile, from Prov. Maule to Valdivia and Chiloe.
18: Chile (Pilen Alto near Cauquenes, Prov. Maule i, Concep-
cion 8, Curacautin, Prov. Malleco 3, Mafil, Prov. Valdivia i, Chiloe 5).

Genus ACROPTERNIS Cabanis and Heine.

Acropternis CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 20 (type Merulaxis
orthonyx LAFRESNAYE).

*Acropternis orthonyx orthonyx (Lafresnaye) . OCELLATED BABBLER.

Merulaxis orthonyx LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 6, 1843, p. 131 ("Colombie" =
Bogota); idem, Mag. Zool., (2nd ser.), 6, 1844, cl. 2, Ois., pi. 53 (Bogota).

• Five birds from Pichincha are perfectly identical with a series from Caldas.
and a single male from Paramo de Tama, Santander.— C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 25

Triptorhinus orthonyx SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 142 (Bogota).

Acropternis orthonyx SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, p. 204 (descr. and hab. part; Col-
ombia); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 528 (Santa Elena,
Antioquia); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 351 (part; Colombia
[Santa Elena, Medellin, Bogota] and Venezuela, Merida); CHAPMAN, Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 362 (Laguneta, c. Andes).

Range: Temperate zone of Andes of Colombia (central and
eastern chain) and Venezuela (Merida).

8: Colombia (Bogotd i, Santa Elena i), Venezuela (Escorial 2,
Culata 2, Nevados i, Conejos i).

*Acropternis orthonyx infuscata Sahadori and Festa.* ECUADORIAN

OCELLATED BABBLER.

Acropternis infuscata SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362,
Nov. 1899, p. 34 (Frutillas and Lloa, Ecuador); LONNBERG and RENDAHL,
Arkiv. Zool., 14, No. 25, 1922, p. 67 (Chinquil, Pichincha).

Acropternis orthonyx (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, P- 204 (part;
Ecuador); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 351 (part; "Intac," Ecua-
dor); BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 116 ("Quito"); GOODFELLOW,
Ibis, 1902, p. 67 (Lloa and above Quito).

Acropternis orthonyx infuscata MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. geogr. Arc Merid. Equat.,
9, 1911, p. B 31 ("Haut Napo"); idem, Rev. Frang. d'Ornith., No. 43, 1912,
p. 388 ("Banos").

Range: Temperate zone of the Andes of Ecuador,
i: Ecuador.

Family CONOPOPHAGIDAK
GNAT EATERS.

Genus CONOPOPHAGA Vieillot.

Conopophaga VIEILLOT, Analyse d'une nouv. Ornith., 1816, p. 39 (type by subs.

design., GRAY, 1840, "Fourmillier a ailes (= oreilles) blanches" Buff on =

Conopophaga aurita [GMELIN]).
Brachyurus THUNBERG, Kongl. Vetenskaps Akad. Handl., 1821, Part 2, p. 371

(types Brachyurus gularis and B. ruber = Conopophaga m. melanops

[VlEELLOT]).

Ceraphanes BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., 1901, p. 115 (type Ceraphanes ano-

malus BERTONI = Myiagrus lineatus WIED).
Pseudoconopophaga CHUBB, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (gth ser.), 2, July 1918,

p. 122 (type Conopophaga melanogaster MENETR.).

• Acropternis orthonyx infuscata: Differs from A. o. orthonyx by its decidedly
darker, more blackish lower parts. The other differences mentioned by the describers
do not hold good. Eight specimens from Ecuador compared with eight from Bogota
and seven from the Andes of Meiida. — C. E. H.

26 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

*Conopophaga aurita aurita (Gmelin). CHESTNUT-BELTED GNAT EATER.

Turdus auritus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i (2), 1789, p. 827 (based on "Fourmillier a
oreilles blanches," Daubenton, PL enl., 822, Cayenne).

Pipra leucotis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i (2), 1789, p. 1003 (based on the same).

Conopophaga leucotis VIEILLOT and OUDART, Galerie Ois., i (2), p. 203, pi. 127
(no locality given); MENETRIES, Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, (6th ser.),
3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 532 ("Bahia"').

Conopophaga aurita SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 285 (Cayenne) ; SCLATER,
Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 330 (part, Cayenne); MENEGAUX and
HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus. Paris, n, 1905, p. 374 (part; Cayenne); JHERING and
JHERING, Cat. Faun. Brazil., i, 1907, p. 193 (part; Cayenne); BERLEPSCH,
Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 164 (Ipousin, French Guiana); SNETHLAGE, Bol.
Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 261 (part; Guiana).

Conopophaga aurita aurita CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 2 (British
Guiana).

Range: French, Dutch and British Guiana.
2: British Guiana (Mazaruni River 2).

Conopophaga aurita occidentals Chubb* WESTERN GNAT EATER.

Conopophaga aurita occidentalis CHUBB, Bull. B. O. C., 38, Dec. 1917, p. 34
(Rio Napo, e. Ecuador; types in Brit. Mus. examined by C. E. H.).

Conopophaga aurita (not of GMELIN) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 22, 1854, p. 113
(Quijos, e. Ecuador); SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 330 (part;
Ecuador); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus. Paris, n, 1905, p. 374
(part; Rio Javarri, Pebas, ne. Peru); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 699 (Archi-
dona, e. Ecuador); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 193
(part; Rio Javarri, Ecuador); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 371
(Allianca, Rio Madeira); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 261
(part; Amazonia, Ecuador); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,
1917, p. 362 (Florencia, La Morelia, se. Colombia).

Range : Upper Amazonia, from the headwaters of the rivers Caquetd
(Florencia, La Murelia) and Putumayo (Cuembi) through eastern
Ecuador (Quijos, Archidona, Rio Napo) south to the Maranon
(Pebas), Javarri, and the left bank of the Rio Madeira (Allianca), Brazil.

• Although Menetries states that the specimens described were obtained by the
German collector Freyreiss, who traveled extensively in e. Brazil, there must be
some mistake regarding the locality as C. a. aurita has never been found in the
state^of Bahia and is not likely to occur there.

b C. a. occidentalis differs from the typical race merely in having the sides of the
belly darker, more rufescent (or buffy) brown, and the middle of the abdomen buffy
white instead of pure white. A male from Allianca, left bank of the Rio Madeira,
agrees with the examples from Archidona, Rio Napo, Pebas, Rio Javarri and Cuembi,
Rio Putumayo, se. Colombia (i c? ad., obtained by Gustav Hopke, in the Frankfurt
Museum) which I have examined. — C. E. H.

1924- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 27

Conopophaga snethlageae snethlageae Berlepsch.* SNETHLAGE 's GNAT

EATER.

Conopophaga snethlageae BERLEPSCH, Ornith. Monatsber., 20, Feb. 1912, p. 17
(Tucunar6, Rio Jamauchim (type); Cussary, lower Amazon, Brazil; type
in coll. Berlepsch, now in Senckenbergian Nat. Hist. Soc. Mus. Frankfurt,
examined by C. E. H.); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 261 (Cus-
sary; Rio Jamauchim [TucunareJ).

C. aurita (not of GMELIN) SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 288 ("Monte
Alegre" = Cussary !).

Range: Brazil, Lower Amazonia (Tucunare" on the Rio Jamau-
chim, an easterly tributary of the Tapajoz; Cussary opposite Monte
Alegre, south bank of Amazon River).

Conopophaga snethlageae pallida Snethlage.b PALLID GNAT EATER.

Conopophaga snethlageae pallida SNETHLAGE, Ornith. Monatsber., 22, March
1914, p. 39 (Cameta, Rio Tocantins, type in Goeldi Museum); idem, Bol.
Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 262, 499 (Cameta).

Range: Only known from Cametd on the Tocantins, a southerly
tributary of the lower Amazon, Brazil.

Conopophaga melanogaster Menttrtes*. BLACK-BREASTED GNAT
EATER.

Conopophaga melanogaster MENETRIES, Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Pgtersb., (6th ser.),
3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 537, pi. 15, fig. 2 (= d") ("pres de Cuyaba,"
Matto Grosso; locality no doubt erroneous, we substitute Rio Madeira; type
in Petrograd Museum examined by C. E. H.); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868,
p. 92 (Borba) ; JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., x, 1907, p. 192 (Borba) ;
HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 22 (Itaituba, R. Tapaj6z); SNETHLAGE,
Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 514 (Villa Braga, R. Tapajoz); HELLMAYR,
Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 371 (Calama, R. Madeira; St. Isabel, Rio Preto;
Maruins, Rio Machados); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 263
(Arumatheua, R. Tocantins; Boim, Villa Braga, R. Tapaj6z); CHROSTOWSKI,
Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i, 1921, p. 27 (note on type in Petrograd
Museum).

• C, s. snethlagez BERLEPSCH is nearly related to, and may prove to be the east-
ern representative of C. a. occidentals from which it differs, in the male sex, by having
the black of the throat extended over the chest (which is bright cinnamon-rufous in
its ally); the belly much darker, ochraceous buff, with very little whitish suffusion
along middle of abdomen; the crown duller, less rufous brown, hardly different
from color of back. The female may be distinguished by its ochraceous belly and
rufous (instead of white) throat. Type: wing 69; tail 35; bill 13. — C. E. H.

b C. snethlagez pallida SNETHLAGE is stated by its describer to differ from the
typical race by the lighter olivaceous color of the back, and paler ochraceous lower
parts while the female appears to approach C. aurita occidentalis in its mainly whitish
throat. This race is unknown to the authors.

e Made the type of the genus Pseudoconopophaga by CHUBB, mainly on account
of its larger size. The bird is, however, obviously closely allied to C. roberti which
cannot be separated genetically from Conopophaga.

a8 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Conopophaga melanogastra SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 331 (Borba).

Conopophaga rusbyi ALLEN, Bull. Araer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 96 (Reyes,
ne. Bolivia; = 9).

Range: Central and northern Brazil (from the upper Rio Madeira
east to the left bank of the Tocantins) and adjoining portion of
Bolivia (Reyes)."

*Conopophaga roberti Hellmayr* ROBERT'S GNAT EATER.

Conopophaga roberti HELLMAYR, Bull. B. O. Cl., 15, March 1905, p. 54 (Igarap6-
Assu (mis-spelled Attti), Pard); idem, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905, p. 292 (Igarapg-
Assu); idem, 1. c., 13, 1906, p. 373 (S. Antonio do Prata); SNETHLAGE, Ornith.
Monatsber., 14, 1906, p. 9 (S. Antonio; descr. 9); idem, Journ. Ornith., 55,
1907, p. 288 (Pard, S. Antonio, R. Capim); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun.
Braz., I, 1907, p. 192 (Pard); HELLMAYR, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak.
Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 51 (Ipitinga, Peixe Boi), 93 (Pard-localities) ;
SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 262 (Ananindeua, Benevides,
Apehu, S. Antonio, Quatipuni, Rio Capim, Baiao, R. Tocantins).

C. melanogaster (errore) GOELDI, Alb. Av. Amaz., fasc., 2, 1902, pi. 20, fig. i.

Range: Northeastern Brazil, Para district west to the right bank
of the Tocantins (Baiao), and adjoining parts of Maranhao.

2: Brazil (Tury-assu, Maranhao 2).

"Conopophaga peruviana Des Murs. FULVOUS-BELLIED GNAT EATER.

Conopophaga peruviana DES MURS in Castelnau, Exp6d. Am6r. Sud, Oiseaux,
livr. 18, June 1856, p. 50, pi. 16, fig. i (= c?), (Pebas and Nauta, ne. Peru;
type from Pebas in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.) ; SCLATER, P. Z. S.
Lond., 26, 1858, p. 68 (Rio Napo), 286 (Pebas, Nauta; Rio Napo; descr. c?);
SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 193 (Rio Napo); idem and SALVIN,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 277 (Chamicuros, Santa Cruz, e. Peru); TACZANOW-
S>KI, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 90 (part., descr. cf exsarayacu, e. Ecuador;
Pebas, Nauta, Santa Cruz, Chamicuros); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 331 (Chamicuros, Sarayacu, Rio Napo); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR,
Bull. Mus. Paris, u, 1905, p. 374 (crit. on type from Pebas); SNETHLAGE,
Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 18 (Bom Lugar, Ponto Alegre, Rio Purus); idem,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 262 (Rio Punis); HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg.,
85, Abt. A., Heft 10, 1920, p. 114 (Yahuarmayo, San Gaban, Carabaya,
se. Peru; characters).

• An adult male from the Tocantins (Arumatheua) is practically identical with
examples from the Tapajoz and Rio Madeira. — C. E. H.

b C. roberti HELLMAYR: Differs from C. melanogaster by much smaller size, much
weaker bill, with the lower mandible whitish instead of black, light russet
brown (instead of deep chestnut) upper parts, and by the postocular stripe,
pure white in both sexes, commencing behind (instead of above) the eye. In the
adult male the black color below does not extend beyond the chest, leaving an exten-
sive area in the middle of the abdomen white, while in C. melanogaster the entire under
surface is black, the lower flanks and under tail coverts only being gray. The female
of C. roberti may also be distinguished from its ally by the fight russet brown,
instead of sooty black cheeks and ear-coverts. Wing (c?) 69-72, (9) 65-69; tail
(cf) 35-39, (9) 32-36; bill 15-16.— C. E. H.

IQ24- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 29

Conopophaga torrida SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lend., 26, April 1858, p. 68 (type from
Rio Napo, e. Ecuador; Chamicuros, e. Peru; = 9), 285 (same localities);
idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862, p. 193 (Rio Napo); TACZANOWSKI, Orn.
Perou, 2, 1884, p. 89 (descr. type spec, from Rio Napo; Chamicuros).

Range: Upper Amazonia, from Ecuador (Rio Napo, Sarayacu)
through the lowlands of Peru south to the upper Purus, Brazil,
and the northern slope of the Sierra of Carabaya, southeastern Peru.

i: Peru (Puerto Bermudez).

Conopophaga ardesiaca ardesiaca Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny.
D'ORBIGNY'S GNAT EATER.

Conopophaga ardesiaca LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool.,
7, 1837, cl. 2, p. 13 (Yungas, Bolivia; type in Paris Museum examined by
C. E. H.); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. mend., Ois., 1838, p. 188 (Yungas of
La Paz: Rio Meguilla and Carcuata); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1858, p. 286
(Bolivia); idem, Cat. B. B. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 332 (Bolivia; "Rio Napo,
Ecuador"*); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, P- 625 (Tilotilo,
Bolivia); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus. Paris, n, 1905, p. 375
(Yungas).

C. ardesiaca ardesiaca HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 209 (Yungas).

Range: Bolivia (Yungas of La Paz and Cochabamba).

Conopophaga ardesiaca saturata Berlepsch and Stolzmann* PERUVIAN
GNAT EATER.

Conopophaga ardesiaca saturata BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, Part 2,
Sept. 1906, p. 119 (Huaynapata, Marcapata, se. Peru; type in Branicki
Museum, Warsaw, examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Southeastern Peru (Valley of Marcapata).

*Conopophaga castaneiceps castaneiceps Sclater.* CHESTNUT-HEADED
GNAT EATER.

Conopophaga castaneiceps SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, June 1857, p. 47 (part;
type from "Bogota" in British Museum examined by C. E. H.); idem, 1. c.,
26, 1858, p. 286 (part; Bogota); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 332

» The locality "Rio Napo" is evidently erroneous.

b Conopophaga ardesiaca saturata differs in the male sex (the female being unknown)
from the typical race by much darker, deep rufous brown upper parts (without any
olivaceous tinge), more sooty sides of head, throat and breast, as well as by more
rufescent under-tail coverts. Six males, including the type, compared with five male
examples of C. a. ardesiaca. — C. E. H.

• Conopophaga c. castaneiceps: The male resembles C. ardesiaca saturata in dark
coloration of sides of head and underparts, but differs at a glance by having the fore-
head, lores and superciliary region bright ferruginous instead of slate-gray. Besides,
the pileum is much brighter (ferruginous instead of rufous brown), the back deep
neutral gray, and there is hardly any white in the middle of the belly. — C. E. H.

30 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

(part; spec, a-d, Bogota); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus.
Paris, ii, 1905, p. 375 (Bogotd; crit.).

C. castaneiceps castaneiceps CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917,
p. 362 (La Candela, Andalucia, head of Magdalena River; Buena Vista,
e. Andes; La Frijolera, west slope of c. Andes, Colombia).

C. ardesiaca ? (not of LAFR. and D'ORB.) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 145
(Bogota).

C. gutturalis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 574 (Bogotd; type in Brit-
Museum examined by C. E. H.; = 9).

Range: Colombia (subtropical zone of eastern Andes: "Bogota,"
La Candela, Andalucia, Buena Vista; west slope of central Andes;
Frijolera).'

i: Colombia (La Frijolera).

Conopophaga castaneiceps chocoensis Chapman* WESTERN CHEST-
NUT-HEADED GNAT EATER.

Conopophaga castaneiceps chocoensis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 34,
Dec. 1915, p. 641 (Baudo Mts., Choc6, w. Colombia); idem, 1. c., 36, 1917,
p. 363 (Baudo Mts.).

C. c. castaneiceps (not of SCLATER) HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1176 (La
Selva, Rio Jamaraya, Choc<5).

Range: Western Colombia (tropical zone of Pacific slope of
western Andes).

*Conopophaga castaneiceps brunneinucha Berlepsch atid Stolzmann."
BROWN-NAPED GNAT EATER.

Conopophaga castaneiceps brunneinucha BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S,

Lond., 1896, p. 385 (La Gloria, Chanchamayo [type] and Garita del Sol,

Vitoc, Dept. Junin, Peru).
Conopophaga ardesiaca (not of LAFR. and D'ORB.) TSCHUDI, Fauna Peru., Aves,

1846, p. 179 (Peru); TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 531 (Soriano,

Masayacu); idem, 1. c., 1882, p. 34 (Huambo).

• It is somewhat doubtful if the specimens from La Frijolera, west slope of
c. Andes belong to the typical race.

b Conopophaga castaneiceps chocoensis: "Male with back mummy brown with an
olivaceous cast instead of deep neutral gray; crown chestnut instead of Sanford's
brown . . . ; under parts dark mouse gray in place of deep neutral gray; the center
of the belly whitish, the flanks heavily tinged with olivaceous." (Chapman, 1. c.).
This form is evidently very closely related to C. c. brunneinucha. The male,
unknown to me, appears to differ merely by smaller size (wing, 68; tail, 39). The
single female examined is distinguishable only by its slightly paler brown back (wing,
72; tail, 39). More material should be compared. — C. E. H.

0 Conopophaga castaneiceps brunneinucha differs from the typical race in the
male sex by having the posterior portion of the pileum duller, more mixed with brown-
ish; the back decidedly mummy-brown without any blackish apical edges to the
feathers of the mantle; and by having the center of the belly extensively white,
while the female may be distinguished by the last named character. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 31

Conopophaga castaneiceps (not of SCLATER) TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884,

p. 88 (Peru).
Conopophaga peruviana (not of DES MURS) BANGS and NOBLE, Auk, 35, 1918,

p. 457 (Perico; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Tropical zone of central and northern Peru (La Gloria,
Garita del Sol, Soriano, Masayacu, Dept. Junin; Huachipa, Dept.
Huanuco; Valley of Huayabamba, Dept. Loreto; Perico near Taba-
conas, Dept. Cajamarca).8

4: Peru (Huachipa 4).

*Conopophaga lineata (Wied). SILVERY-TUFTED GNAT EATER.

Myiagrus lineatus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Brasil., 3, (2), 1831, p. 1064 (Arrayal
[ = Cidade] da Conquista, s. Bahia; descr. 9).

Conopophaga vulgaris MENETRIES, Mem. Acad. Sci. St. P6tersb., (6th ser.), 3,
Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 534, pi. 14, fig. i (= c?) (Rio de Janeiro and Minas
Geraes; one of Mgnetries* original examples from Rio de Janeiro in Paris
Museum examined by C. E. H.); CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist.
Nat., i, 1921, p. 27 (type no longer in Petrograd Museum).

Conopophaga lineata BURMEISTER, System. Ubers. Thiere Bras., 3, 1856, p. 52
(Neu Freiburg); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 285 (descr., se. Brazil);
PELZELN, Ornith. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 92 (Mugy das Cruzes, Casa Pintada,
Ypanema, S. Paulo; Sangrador, e. Matto Grosso); REINHARDT, Videnskab.
Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 362 (Paracatu, Minas; Novo Friburgo,
Macahe, S. Clemente, Rio; Hytu, S. Paulo); PELZELN, Nunquam otiosus, a,
1874, P- 29* (Novo Friburgo); CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 1874, p. 85 (Canta-
gallo, Rio); (?) FORBES, Ibis, 1881, p. 345 (Quipapd, Pernambuco); BER-
LEPSCH and JHERING, Zeits. ges. Ornith., 2, 1885, p. 152 (Taquara, Rio
Grande do Sul); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 256 (Wied's
type in American Museum); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 333
(se. Brazil); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 1898, p. 247 (S. Paulo); idem,
Annuario Estado Rio Grande do Sul para 1900, 1899, p. 131 (Rio Grande do
Sul) ; JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, 1900, p. 158 (Cantagallo, Novo Friburgo);
MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus. Paris, n, 1905, p. 375 (Rio, Rio
Grande do Sul, Goyaz); MIRANDA, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 13,
1906, p. 184 (Itatiaya); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., I, 1907,
p. 193 (S. Paulo, Minas, Rio Grande do Sul); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15,
1908, p. 73 (Faz. Esperanca, Goyaz); BERTONI, Faun. Parag., 1914, p. 50
(Paraguay; Iguassu); CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i,
1921, p. 27 in text (Affonso Penna near Curitiba, Parand).

Ceraphanes anontalus BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Paraguay, 1901, p. 115 (Puerto Ber-
toni, Alto Parana, Paraguay).

Conopophaga anomala CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 517 (crit.; Sapucay, Paraguay).

a While there is a certain variation between specimens from Juniii and those
from n. Peru, they appear to be referable to the same race, distinguishable from
typical C. c. castaneiceps by the characters given above. The female from Tabaconas
which, thanks to Mr. Bangs, I was enabled to examine, pertains to C. c. brunneinucha,
and not to C. peruviana.— C. E. H.

3* FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Conopophaga lineata anomala DABBENE, El Hornero, x, 1919, p. 263 (Santa Ana,
Puerto Segundo, Misiones).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, from (?) Pernambuco and southern
Bahia down to Rio Grande do Sul, west through southern Goyaz and
Minas Geraes to eastern MattoGrosso (Sangrador), and adjoining parts
of Paraguay (Alto Parand, Sapucay) and northeastern Argentina
(Misiones).*

2: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro i, Faz. Cayoa, Salto Grande, Rio
Paranapanema, S. Paulo i).

*Conopophaga cearae Cory. CEARA GNAT EATERS

Conopophaga lineata cearae CORY, Field Museum Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., i,
No. 10, Aug. 1916, p. 337 (Serra Baturitg, Ceara).

Range: Northeastern Brazil (State of Ceard).
i: Brazil (Serra Baturite", Ceara).

^Conopophaga melanops melanops ( Vieillof). BLACK-CHEEKED GNAT
EATER.

Platyrhynchos melanops VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 27,
1818, p. 14 ('TAme'rique meridionale"; the type, examined by C. E. H. in the
Paris Museum, is a male obtained by Delalande, Jr., in the vicinity of Rio de
Janeiro); PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, 1855, p. 359.

• I am unable to separate a series from Rio Grande do Sul and Paraguay (C. ano-
mala) from Rio examples (C. vvlgaris Men6tr.) with which a large number from
various localities in the state of S. Paulo agree, while three skins from Goyaz and
Sangrador (e. Matto Grosso) have the throat and chest decidedly deeper rufous and
the upper parts slightly more rufescent brown. In the absence of topotypical mate-
rial from southern Bahia, it is impossible to make out to which of the two apparent
races the name lineata Wied should properly be referred.

The sexes of this species differ only in the female lacking the silky- white postocular
tuft, this region being pale cinereous like the superciliary stripe.— C. E. H.

b C. cearae, known from a single adult male, the type, appears to me perfectly dis-
tinct. It differs from C. lineata by the absence of the broad pale cinereous superciliary
stripe, so conspicuous a feature in the se. Brazilian species, the region above and
behind the eye being cinnamon-rufous like the crown. Forehead and loral region
decidedly tipped with sooty black; the postocular stripe narrower and of a purer
uniform silky- white; the upper parts more rufescent brown, especially the crown
bright cinnamon-rufous contrasted with the back; cheeks, auricular region, throat
and chest much brighter, more orange-rufous; the sides of the body bright ochraceous
instead of grayish or buffy-brown; the abdominal area more extensive and purer
white, not tinged with pale grayish. Wing, 73; bill, 13^. Although the late Mr. Cory
regarded it as a race of C. lineata, its characters, notably the lack of the grayish
superciliary stripe, appear to me of sufficient importance to accord it full specific
rank until further material is forthcoming. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 33

Brachyurus gularis THUNBERG, Kong. Vetenskaps Akad. Handlingar, Stock-
holm, 1821, Part 2, p. 371, pi. 4, upper fig. (= d") ("Brasilia") ; LSNNBERG,
Ibis, 1903, p. 240 (crit; type in Upsala Museum).*

Brachyurus ruber THUNBERG, 1. c., p. 371, pi. 4, lower fig. (= 9) ("Brasilia").

Conopophaga nigrogenys LESSON, Traitfi d'Ornith., livr. 5, end of 1830, p. 393
("Br6sil, MENETRIES"; the type examined by C. E. H. in Paris Museum was
secured by MENETRIES near Rio de Janeiro; = cf); MENETRIES, M6m. Acad.
Sci. St. Pdtersbourg, (6th ser.), 3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 536, pi. 15, fig. i
(Rio de Janeiro).

Conopophaga dorsalis MENETRIES, M6m. Acad. Sci. St. P6tersbourg, (6th ser.),
3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, P- 533. pi- '4. fig- 2 ( = 9 ) (Sumidorio near Rio de
Janeiro; types examined in Petrograd Museum by C. E. H.) ; SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 333 (part, descr. " 9"; Rio)b; CHROSTOWSKI, Ann.
Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i, 1921, p. 26 (type from Sumidorio in
Petrograd Museum).

Conopophaga maximiliani CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 8
(s. Brazil); PELZELN, Ornith. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 92 (Registo do Sai, Rio de
Janeiro).

Myioturdus perspicUlatus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3,
(2), 1831, p. 1042 (Rio Itabapuana, s. Espirito Santo; descr. & cert£).

Conopophaga perspicillata (err.) BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856,
p. 54 (Rio de Janeiro).

Conopophaga nigrigenys SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 334 (Rio,
S. Paulo)8; JHERING Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 1898, p. 248 (Iguap6).

Conopophaga melanops SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 286 (descr. d" 9 ;
Rio); CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 1874, P- 85 (Cantagallo) ; JEERING, Rev.
Mus. Paul., 4, 1900, p. 159 (Cantagallo); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun.
Braz., i, 1907, p. 193 (S. Paulo localities).

C. melanops melanops MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus. Paris, xi, 1905,
p. 376. (crit. on types of P. melanops and C. nigrogenys; characters).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, from southern Espirito Santo (Rio
Itabapuana) and Rio de Janeiro (Registo do Sai, Cantagallo, Petropo-
lis, etc.) to Sao Paulo (Iguape", Ubatuba, Alto da Serra, Sao Sebastiao).

i: Brazil (Rio).

* Although synonymized by Lonnberg with C. melanops auct. nee VIEILLOT
( = C. m. perspicillata) from Bahia, B. gularis is clearly referable to the southern
form, since the black frontal band, so conspicuous a character in the male of the
northern race, is neither mentioned in the description ("pileus totus rufo-ferrugineus")
nor indicated on the plate. Like so many other species described by C. P. Thunberg,
the type probably formed part of the collections presented to the Upsala Museum
by Westin, then Swedish Consul at Rio de Janeiro. — C. E. H.

b I have examined in the British Museum the specimens labelled "C. dorsalis."
Those described by Sclater as "males" are, without exception, from Bahia, i. e. females
of C. m. perspicillata, while the alleged "females" with rufous-brown crown are all
from Rio, being thus referable to C. m. melanops. — C. E. H.

• The locality Rio Grande do Sul, is unquestionably erroneous.

34 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Conopophaga melanops perspicillata (Lichtenstein) . SPECTACLED GNAT
EATER.

Myiothera perspicillata LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., 1823, p. 43

(Bahia).
Conopophaga ruficeps SWAINSON, Ornith. Drawings, Part 6, 1841, pi. 67 (= o"),

68 (= 9) (no locality given).
Conopophaga dorsalis (not of MENETRIES) BURMEISTER, System. Ubers. Th. Bras.,

3, 1856, p. 53 (Bahia); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 333 (part,

descr. "o*," Bahia; specimens in British Museum examined by C. E. H.).
Conopophaga melanops (not of VIEILLOT) PELZELN, Ornith. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 92

("Brasilien" = Bahia; specimens examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. Birds

Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 334 (Bahia).
Conopophaga melanops perspicillata MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus.

Paris, n, 1905, p. 377 (Bahia; characters of 9); JHERING and JHERING,

Cat. Faun. Braz., I, 1907, p. 193 (Bahia).
Conopophaga peruviana (err.) TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 90 (part;

descr. 9 from Castelnau's Voyage in Brazil, erroneously supposed to be from

Peru, in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Eastern Brazil (State of Bahia).

Genus CORYTHOPIS Sundevall.

Corythopis SUNDEVALL, Kgl. Vet. Akad. Handl. for 1835, 1836, p. 93 (type

Myiothera calcarata WIED).
Hylocentrites BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., 1901, p. 126 (type Hylocentrites

ambulator BERTONI).

*Corythopis delalandi (Lesson). DELALANDE'S GNAT EATER.

Muscicapa delalandi LESSON, Trait6 d'Ornith., livr. 5, end of 1830," p. 392 (the
types examined by C. E. H. in the Paris Museum were obtained by Delalande,
Jr., in the vicinity of Rio de Janeiro, se. Brazil). b

Myiothera calcarata WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), 1831,* p. 1101 (no local-
ity given; the type in the American Museum Nat. Hist, is from se. Brazil).

Conopophaga nigro-cincta LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag.
Zool., 7, cl. 2, 1837, p. 13 (Chiquitos, e. Bolivia; type examined in Paris
Museum); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage, Ois., p. 187, pi. 6, fig. 2 (Santa Ana de Chi-
quitos); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 210 (crit.).

Hylocentrites ambulator BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Paraguay, Jan. 1901, p. 126 (Djagu-
arasapa, Alto Parana, Paraguay).

Corythopis calcarata BURMEISTER, System. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 58
(se. Brazil); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1858, p. 287 (se. Brazil); PELZELN,

» According to information received from Dr. C. W. Richmond, Lesson's name
has apparently slight priority. Wied's Beitr. Naturg. Bras., Bd. 3, Abth. 2 is listed
among the new books for the quarter of April to June, 1831, in the Foreign Quarterly
Review (London) for that year, while livr. 5 of Lesson's "Traite," although its
exact date of publication is in doubt, must have been issued long before April ist.,
as livr. 6 of this work came out about the first of March, 1831.

b Lesson's description is erroneous, the upper parts of the type specimens being
light brownish olive and by no means "gris cendr6." — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 35

Ornith. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 92 (Sapitiba, Rio de Janeiro; Ypanema, S. Paulo;
Villa Maria, Matto Grosso) ; Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren.,
1870, p. 361 (Paracatu, Lagoa Santa, Minas); CABANIS, Journ. Ornith.,
1874, P- 85 (Cantagallo, Rio); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2,
1889, p. 256 (Wied's type); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 335
(se. Brazil; Chapada, Matto Grosso) ; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5,
1893, p. 121 (Chapada); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, 1900, p. 159 (Canta-
gallo); SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 378, 1900, p. 18 (Tebi-
cuari, Paraguay); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus. Paris, n, 1905,
P- 377 (crit. on types in Paris Museum); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. F.
Braz., i, 1907, p. 194 (Itapurd, Rio Feio, S. Paulo; Chapada); CHUBB, Ibis,
1910, p. 518 (Sapucay, Paraguay); DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, 1914,
p. 325 (Santa Ana, Misiones); MENEGAUX, Rev. Fran?. d'Orn., No. 114,
1918, p. 317 (Villa Lutetia, near San Ignacio, Misiones); HELLMAYR, Nov.
Zool., 28, 1921, p. 210 (range).

Carythopis calcarata BERTONI, Faun. Parag., 1914, p. 50 (Paraguay, Iguassu).
Range: Southern Brazil (in states of Bahia, Minas Geraes, Matto
Grosso, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo), eastern Bolivia (Chiquitos), Para-
guay and northeastern Argentina (Misiones).

i: Brazil (Fazenda Cayoa, Rio Paranapanema, S. Paulo).
Corythopis torquata torquata Tschudi. TSCHUDI'S RINGED GNAT EATER.

Corythopis torquata TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10 (i), 1844, p. 279 ("Peru";
type in Neuchatel Museum examined by C. E. H. ; as type locality we desig-
nate Chanchamayo valley, Dept. Junin); idem, Fauna Peruana, Aves, 1846,
p. 177 (Peru); BERLEPSCH and HELLMAYR, Journ. Ornith., 53, 1905, p. 16
(crit. on type; S. Mateo, n. Bolivia).

Corythopis humivagans TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 136 (Amable
Maria, Chanchamayo Dist., Peru), 531 (same locality).

Corythopis anthoides TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 34 (Huambo, certe;
(?) Yurimaguas, n. Peru); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 335
(part; specimen o, Huambo).

Corythopis anthoides humivagans TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 91
(Amable Maria, Huambo); BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896,
p. 386 (La Gloria).

Corythopis torquata anthoides BERLEPSCH and HELLMAYR, Journ. Ornith., 53,
i905t P- 17 (part; Huayabamba, Huambo,* certe; (?) Yurimaguas, Chami-
curos, Rio Huallaga).

Corythopis torquata torquata HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 210 (nw. Bolivia
and Peru).

• More satisfactory material that came to hand since our note was published in
Jour. Ornith. for 1905, p. 16-17, shows the birds from n. Peru (Huayabamba Valley)
to be undoubtedly referable to the large form described by Tschudi as C. torquata.
Two adult males, while not quite as large as the type, agree in measurements with
other birds of the same sex from Chuchurras (Huanuco) and S. Mateo, n. Bolivia.
The tone of the upper parts in different individuals varies quite as much as in the
allied C. t. anthoides and C. t. sarayacuensis; but the pileum in C. t. torquata is always
brown like the back, just a little duller.

36 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Range: Northwestern Bolivia (Rio San Mateo, Yungas of Cocha-
bamba) and Peru (La Gloria, Amable Maria, Chanchamayo dist.;
Chuchurras, Dept. Hudnuco; Huambo, Huayabamba, Dept. Ama-
zonas).»

Corythopis torquata sarayacuensis Chubb* AMAZONIAN RINGED GNAT
EATER.

Corythopis torquata sarayacuensis CHUBB, Bull. B. O. C., 38, Mar. 4, 1918, p. 48
(Sarayacu, e. Ecuador; type in British Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Corythopis anthoides (not of PUCHERAN) PELZELN, Ornith. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 92
(part; Borba, Rio Icanna); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 335
(part; specimen p, Sarayacu, e. Ecuador); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov.
Zool., 9, 1902, p. 80 (Nericagua, Rio Orinoco; La Pricion, Nicare, Caura R.,
Venezuela).

Corythopis torquata antho'ides BERLEPSCH and HELLMAYR, Journ. Ornith., 53,
i9°5i P- i? (part; Borba, R. Icanna, R. Negro; Nericagua, Orinoco R.,
Caura R.; (?) Chamicuros, Yurimaguas, ne. Peru); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool.,
14, 1907, p. 392 (Humaytha); 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 372 (Calama, Jamarysinho,
Rio Madeira; Maroins, R. Machados); CHERRIE, Sci. Bull. Brookl. Mus., 2,
1916, p. 293 (Nericagua; La Union, Caura R.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28,
1921, p. 210 (part; Rio Negro, Rio Madeira, Venezuela, e. Ecuador, se. Col-
ombia).

Adult males of the various races measure as follows:

C. /. torquata Wing Tail

i Chanchamayo (type) ^6^ 64^

1 Chuchurras, Huanuco 73 57

2 Huayabamba, Amazonas 7i#, 73 56, 58 #
i S. Mateo, n. Bolivia 71^ 57

C. t. sarayacuensis

i Nericagua, Orinoco, Venezuela 65^ 53

i Nicare, Caura River, Venezuela 68 55

i Rio Icanna, R. Negro, nw. Brazil 65 52

3 Rio Madeira (Borba, Calama, etc.) 65, 66#, 69 51, 52* 53#

1 Sarayacu, e. Ecuador (type) 65 53

C. t. anthoides

2 French Guiana 67, 68 53, 54

1 Camacusa, Brit. Guiana 67^ 52

2 Para District, n. Brazil 64, 69 49i_54

E. H.

• Specimens from the lower Huallaga (Yurimaguas, Chamicuros) most probably
belong to C. /. sarayacuensis. No material is available.

b C. torquata sarayacuensis: Distinguishable from C. t. anthoides by having the
pileum olive or rufescent brown like the back, instead of slate-gray. Six specimens
from the Rio Madeira, one male Rio Icanna, one female Rio Putumayo (se.
Colombia), two "Bogota" skins, one male Nericagua (R. Orinoco), one female Caura
and the type from Sarayacu differ in the color of the crown from a good series from
French and British Guiana and the Para District, while a male from Nicare, Caura,
points slightly towards C. t. anthoides to which a single female from Manaos seems
actually to belong. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 37

Range : Amazonia, from the basin of the Caura (La Union, La Pri-
cion, Nicare) and Orinoco (Nericagua) west to the eastern slope of the
Andes in Colombia (Cuembi, Rio Putumayo) and Ecuador (Sarayacu),
south through northwestern Brazil (upper Rio Negro and tributaries)
to the Rio Madeira (Borba, Calama, Humaytha, Jamarysinho) and its
affluent, the Rio Machados (Maroins).s

Corythopis torquata anthoides (Pucker an). GUIANAN RINGED GNAT
EATER.

Musicapa anthoides (Cuvier Ms.) PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Paris, 7,
I&55, P- 334 (Cayenne; type in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Corythopis anthoides SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1858, p. 288 (Cayenne); SCLATER
and SALVIN, 1. c., 1867, p. 577 (Para); PELZELN, Ornith. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 92
(part; [Barra do] Rio Negro = Mandos) ; SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 430 (Brit.
Guiana) ; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 335 (part; spec, a-m,
Surinam, Cayenne, British Guiana, Para).

Corythopis torquata anthoides BERLEPSCH and HELLMAYR, Journ. Ornith., 53,
I9°5» P- i? (part; Cayenne, Brit. Guiana, Surinam, Para, Manaos); HELL-
MAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905, p. 293 (Igarap6-Assti, Pard); idem, 1. c., 13,
1906, p. 373 (S. Antonio); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus. Paris, n,
1905, P- 3?8 (Cayenne, Camopi, Bartica Grove, Camacusa); SNETHLAGE,
Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 288 (S. Antonio, Pard); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool.,
15, 1908, p. 164 (Ipousin, R. Approuague); HELLMAYR, Abhandl. math,
phys. Kl. Bayer. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 93 (Pard, Igarap6-Assu,
S. Antonio); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 263 (Providencia,
Ananindeua, S. Antonio, Pard Dist.; Obidos); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28,
1921 p. 210 (part; Guianas); CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 3
(British Guiana).

Corythopsis anthoides MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, 1904, p. 177 (Camopi,
French Guiana); BEEBE, Tropical Wild Life, i, 1917, p. 132 (Bartica Grove).

Range: French, Dutch and British Guiana, north bank of lower
Amazon (Obidos, Mandos) and Pard District.

Family FORMICARIIDAE.

ANTBIRDS.

Subfamily FORMICARIINAE.

Genus CYMBILAIMUS Gray.

CymbUaimus GRAY, List Gen. Birds, 1840, p. 36 (type by orig. desig. Lanius
lineatus LEACH).

• Birds from the lower Huallaga (Chamicuros, Yurimaguas) are probably also
referable to C. t. sarayacuensis. We have not seen specimens from either of these
places.

38 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

*Cymbilaimus lineatus lineatus (Leach). BANDED BUSH SHRIKE.

Lanius lineatus LEACH, Zool. Misc., i, 1814, p. 20, pi. 6 (Berbice, Brit. Guiana).

Cymbilanius lineatus PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 74 (part; Barra = Mandos) ;
SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 423 (Bartica Grove, Camacusa); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 178 (part; Guiana, Camacusa, Bartica Grove,
Maroni R., Cayenne); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 150 (Ipousin,
R. Approuague); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 266 (part; Rio
Jary, Rio Jamundd [Far6], n. bank of lower Amazons*).

Cymbilanius lineatus lineatus HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, 1917,
p. 495 (crit., Guianas).

Cymbilaimus lineatus CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 6 (Brit. Guiana).

Cymbilaimus lineatus lineatus BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62,
No. 2, 1918, p. 66 (Lelydorp, Dutch Guiana).

Range : French, Dutch and British Guiana, south to north bank of
lower Amazon (Rio Jary, Rio Jamunda, Manaos).

5: British Guiana (Demerara R. 2, Mazaruni R. 3).

*Cymbilaimus lineatus intermedius (Hartert and Goodson). AMAZON-
IAN BUSH SHRIKE^

Cymbilanius lineatus intermedius HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, No. 3,
Dec. 1917, p. 495 (Amazonia from the Rio Tapaj6z to Peru, and Caura
River, Venezuela; type from Humaytha, left bank of Rio Madeira, Brazil).

• Birds from Macujubim, w. Maraj6, which I have not seen, may likewise be
referable to the typical race. A male (in first annual plumage) from Far6 (Rio
Jamunda) is an extreme example of C. I. lineatus, having the entire upper part of the
head even more decidedly barred with white than the majority of Guianan
specimens. — C. E. H.

b Cymbilaimus lineatus intermedius (HARTERT and GOODSON): Differs from
C. I. lineatus only by the uniform black crown and nape of the male and the rufous
instead of buffy tail-bands of the female.

The individual variation, in members of this genus, is much greater than Hartert
and Goodson imagined. With 28 C. I. lineatus from the Guianas and 29 C. I. inter-
medius from Amazonia and the Caura basin before me, I fail to see between the two
series the slightest difference in the amount or width of the black and white bars
on upper or lower parts. I notice, however, that males of the former have the top
of the head more of less distinctly, though narrowly barred with white, while in the
females the transverse bands on the rectrices are pale buff or even dingy whitish. A
male from Far6 (Rio Jamunda) is an extreme example of C. I. lineatus which, thus,
ranges south to the north bank of the Amazons. Males from Santarem (8), w.
Mattogrosso (i), n. Peru (i) and the Caura River, Venezuela (3), on the other hand,
have the top of the head solidly black, the forehead only being streaked or mixed
with white, and the tail-bands of the females are decidedly rufescent, sometimes
even bright cinnamon-rufous. Females from Boim (left bank of Tapaj6z) and the Rio
Roosevelt are deep ochreous buff beneath, agreeing in this respect with dark bellied
examples from French and British Guiana, whereas eight females from Santarem
(right bank of the Tapaj6z) are generally paler, light buff or creamy white on the
under parts. This apparent divergency loses, however, much of its weight in view
of the fact that in a series of four females from the Caura, one is even darker than
those from Boim and Rio Roosevelt, one fully as pale as the lightest-bellied from
Santarem, while the two remaining ones are not distinguishable from the Guianan
average. Their tail-bands are decidedly rufescent as in Amazonian specimens. The

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 39

CymbUanius lineatus, SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1854, p. 112 (Quijos, e. Ecuador);
SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1866, p. 566 (Nauta); idem, 1. c., 1867, p. 978
(Pebas); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 272 (Pebas, Nauta); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., a,
1868, p. 74 (part; Borba; Marabitanas, R. Negro); TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1874, p. 529 (Monterico); idem, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. i (Peru);
ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., a, 1889, p. 74 (Rio Napo); SCLATER,
Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 178 (part; e. Ecuador; Ega; Pebas, Nauta,
Iquitos, Cosnipata, Peru); RIKER and CHAPMAN, Auk, 8, 1891, p. 28 (San-
tarem); SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899, p. 27
(Rio Santiago, e. Ecuador); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902,
p. 68 (La Pricion, Nicare, Suapure, Caura River, Venez.); HELLMAYR, Nov.
Zool., 14, 1907, p. 60 (Teff6), 369 (Humaytha, Paraiso, Borba, Rio Madeira);
idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 336 (Calama, Allianca, Rio Madeira); SNETHLAGE,
Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 530 (Alcobaca, Tocantins); idem, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 266 (part; Tocantins, Xingti, Santarem, R. Tapaj<5z,
R. Jamauchim).

CymbUaimus lineatus lineatus CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916,
p. 275 (Suapure, La Union, Caura); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
36, 1917, p. 363 (Florencia, La Murelia, se. Colombia).

Thamnophilus radiatus (err.) JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 439 (Rio
Jurua; 9 examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Amazonia, from the Tocantins westward; in Brazil only
south of the Amazon, ranging as far south as western Matto Grosso
(Roosevelt River and Morinho Lyra) ; Peru; northward through eastern
Ecuador to eastern Colombia (Caquetd region) and east to the upper
Rio Negro (Marabitanas) and the Caura River, Venezuela; (?) north-
eastern Colombia (El Tambor, Rio Lebrija).

4: Peru (Rioja 2, Huachipa 2).

*Cymbilaimus lineatus fasciatus (Ridgway). FASCIATED BUSH SHRIKE.*

Cymbilanius lineatus fasciatus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 6, April 1884, p. 404
(Los Sabalos, Nicaragua); HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1157 (Condoto,
w. Colombia); BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, No. 6,
1922, p. 206 (Jesu^ito, Dariep).

tone of the cross-bars on back and wings likewise varies, females from Boim, w.
Mattogrosso, Peru, and e. Colombia being, as a rule, brighter ochreous than those
from Santarem which agree with lineatus from the Guianas, while the Caura birds
in this respect, too, are extremely variable.

Three adult males and an immature one from El Tambor, Rio Lebrija, San lander,
e. Colombia, in the Carnegie Museum appear to be referable to C. I. intermedius
rather than to C. I. fasciatus, although additional material, especially females, should
be examined to make sure of their identification. — C. E. H.

• CymbUaimus lineatus fasciatus is an ill-defined race, differing from lineatus and
intermedius by averaging larger with a stronger, more powerful bill and by gener-
ally broader black bars underneath, especially on the throat. Females, in their
rufescent tail-bands, closely resemble those of intermedius but are as a rule more
strongly barred below. Unlike the eastern forms, the upper part of the head in
the adult male of fasciatus is variable, being either uniform black as in intermedius
or barred with white as in lineatus.

40 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Cymbilanius lineatus SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 178 (part;
Costa Rica to Panama); HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 492 (Cachabi,
n. Ecuador).

Cymbilaimus lineatus fasciatus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 19
(monogr., synonymy excl. references to Peruvian and e. Ecuadorian locali-
ties); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 363 (Novita,
Noanama, Barbacoas, w. Colombia); STONE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 70, 1918,
p. 259 (Gatun, Panama).

Cymbilanius lineatus subsp. nov. ?, HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24,
1917, p. 495 (nw. Ecuador).*

Range: Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama, southward through
western Colombia (Pacific lowlands)6 to Prov. Esmeraldas, north-
western Ecuador.

3: Costa Rica (Guayabo 2), Ecuador (Cayapas i).

Genus HYPOEDALEUS Cabanis and Heine.

Hypoedaleus CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Heinean., 2, 1859, p. 18 (type Tham-
nophilus guttatus VIEILLOT).

*Hypoedaleus guttatus ( Vieillot). VIEILLOT'S ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus guttatus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 3, 1816,
p. 315 ('TAmerique me'ridionale" — we designate Rio de Janeiro, se. Brazil
as type locality; type in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.); PUCHERAN,
Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, livr. 3, 1855, p. 353 (crit. on type); SPIX, Av. Bras., 2,
1825, p. 25, pi. 35, fig. i (=9) (Prov. Sao Paulo); WIED, Beitr. Naturg.
Bras., 3 (2), 1831, p. 1019 (Aracatiba and Coroaba, Rio Espirito Santo;
Minas, "Bahia"); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1858, p. 208 (monogr.); PELZELN,
Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 75 (Registo do Sai, Rio de Janeiro; Ypanema, Porto
do Rio Parana, S. Paulo); REINHARDT, Videnskab. Meddel. naturh. Foren.
Kjobenh., 1870, p. 373 (Lagoa Santa and Sete Lagoas, Minas Geraes; Cam-
pinas and Araraquara, S. Paulo; Rio de Janeiro); HAMILTON, Ibis, 1871,
p. 304 (Itapetininga, S. Paulo); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 182
(se. Brazil); BOUCARD and BERLEPSCH, Humming Bird, 2, 1892, p. 44 (Porto
Real, Rio de Janeiro); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 1899, p. 235 (Iguapfi,
S. Paulo); idem, 1. c., 4, 1900, p. 158 (Cantagallo) ; JHERING, Annuario Est.
Rio Grande do Sul para o anno 1900, 1899, p. 130 ("Lagoa dos Patos, Rio
Grande do Sul"); BERTONI, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argent., 75, 1913, p. 88 (Iguazu,
Misiones); DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, 1914, p. 326 (Paraguay, Misiones).

• With 25 specimens from Central America (Nicaragua to Panama) and 14 from
w. Colombia (Andagoya, Condoto, Noanama, N6vita, Barbacoas) and nw. Ecuador
(Cayapas, Pambilar, Bulun) before me I am unable to corroborate the distinctness
of the southern birds. In coloration they are absolutely identical and there does not
appear to be any difference in size either. — C. E. H.

b Owing to lack of material, I am unable to make out whether birds from Reme-
dios and Neche, Antioquia (Cymbilanius lineatus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1879, p. 524) pertain to fasciatus or some other race. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 41

Hypoedaleus guttatus CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 22, 1874, p. 86 (Cantagallo, Rio);

OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Mus., 25, 1902, p. 131 (Sapucay, Paraguay; "Rio

Grande do Sul"); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., r, 1907, p. 195

(S. Paulo; Ourinho, Parana; Esp. Santo); BERTONI, Faun. Parag., 1914,

p. 50 (Alto Parana).
Lanius meleager LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., 1823, p. 46 (Sao

Paulo).
Thamnophilus Meleager BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 91

(S. Paulo, Minas Geraes, "Bahia").
Thamnophilus maculatus SUCH, Zool. Journ., i, No. 4, Jan. 1825, p. 557, suppl.

pi. 6 ( = o* ) ("That part of Brazil where it rises from the low plains of Goay-

tacazes to the elevated surface of the province of Minas Geraes").
Lanius maculatus (Cuvier Ms.) PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, livr. 3, 1855,

p. 327 (types in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.; the cf is from an

unknown locality, presumably Brazil, the 9 was obtained at Rio de

Janeiro by Delalande, Jr.).
Thamnophilus Rodriguezianus BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., Jan. 1901, p. 137

(Alto Parana, Paraguay).
Thamnophilus guttatus rodriguezianus CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 519 (Sapucay,

Ibitimi, Paraguay).
Hypoedaleus guttatus rodriguezianus DABBENE, El Hornero, i, 1919, p. 263

(Puerto Segundo, Misiones).

Range : Southeastern Brazil, from Espirito Santo and Minas Geraes
south to Santa Catharina,a ranging west to Prov. Misiones, north-
eastern Argentina, and Paraguay.15

10 : Brazil (Victoria 3, Sao Sebastiao 2, Faz. Cayod, Sao Paulo 4,
Porto Real, Rio i).

Genus BATARA Lesson.

Batara LESSON, Trait6 d'Orn., livr. 5, 1831, p. 347 (type by subs, desig., GRAY,
1855, Thamnophilus undulatus MIKAN = Thamnophilus cinereus VIEILLOT).

Thamnarchus CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 19 (type Tham-
nophilus cinereus VIEILLOT).

*Batara cinerea cinerea ( Vieillot). CINEREOUS BUSH SHRIKE.

Tamnophttus cinereus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 35, 1819,

p. 200 ( = c?) ("Br6sil," sc. Rio de Janeiro).
Tamnophilus rufus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d.f 35, 1819,

p. 200 (=9) ("Bresil"; type in Paris Museum, obtained by Delalande, Jr.,

near Rio de Janeiro, examined by C. E. H.).

• The reported occurrence in "Rio Grande do Sul" requires confirmation.

b On comparing ten specimens from Paraguay with fifteen from se. Brazil, I fail
to discover the slightest difference, the lower abdomen being exactly of the same
shade in the two series. The seemingly lesser extent of the ochreous color in the
Paraguayan birds is evidently due to the peculiar make of W. Foster's skins. — C.E.H.

43 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Lanius undulatus MIKAN, Del. Faun, et Flor. Bras., 1820, pi. — (Brasilia; the
types in the Vienna Museum were taken by Natterer at Ypanema, S. Paulo).

Thamnophilus cristatellus VIEILLOT, Tabl. encycl. m6th., livr. 91, 1822, p. 749
(new name for Tamnophilus rufus VIEILLOT).

Vanga striata QUOY and GAIMARD in Freycinet, Voyage "Uranie" et "Physi-
cienne," Zoo!., livr. 3, Aug. 1824, p. 98, 99, pi. 18 ( = d1), 19 ( = 9 ) ("le Bresil,"
sc. Rio de Janeiro).

Thamnophilus Vigorsii SUCH, Zool. Journ., i, No. 4, Jan. 1825, p. 557, suppl.
pi. 7 (= 9), 8 (= o") (se. Brazil, near Goaytacazes [ = Campos], Prov. Rio
de Janeiro).

Thamnophilus gigas SWAINSON, Classif. Birds, 2, 1837, P- 220 (new name for
Vanga striata QUOY and GAIMARD).

Batara striata LESSON, Trait6 d'Ornith., 1830, p. 347 (Mandiocca, Prov. Rio de
Janeiro).

Thamnophilus undulatus BURMEISTER, Syst. tlbers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 89
(Novo Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro).

Batara cinerea SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1858, p. 207 (monogr.; "Minas," S. Paulo,
Rio Grande do Sul); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 74 (Ypanema, S. Paulo;
Curytiba, Parand); BERLEPSCH and JHERING, Zeitschr. ges. Ornith., 2, 1885,
p. 147 (Taquara, Arroio Grande, Linha Piraja, Rio Grande do Sul) ; JHERING,
Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 1899, p. 234 (Iguap6, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo); idem, 1. c.f
4, 1900, p. 158 (Novo Friburgo); idem, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul
para 1900, 1899, p. 130 (Taquara do Mundo Novo); JHERING and JHERING,
Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 194 (Itarar6, S. Paulo; Novo Hamburgo, Rio
Grande do Sul); DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, 1914, p. 325 (part; Santa Ana
Misiones); CHROSTOWSKI, Compt. Rend. Soc. Scient. Varsovie, 5, 1912, p. 477,
496 (Vera Guarany, Parand).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Rio de Janeiro south to Rio
Grande do Sul,a west to northeastern Argentina (Prov. Misiones).
3: Brazil (Rio i), Argentina (Misiones 2).

Batara cinerea argentina Shipton.b WESTERN CINEREOUS BUSH SHRIKE.

Batara cinerea argentina SHIPTON, Physis, 4, No. 16, May 1918, p. 106 (San

Lorenzo, Jujuy, nw. Argentina); idem, El Hornero, i, No. 2, 1918, p. 114

(San Lorenzo, Jujuy; Salta).
Batara cinerea LILLO, Apunt. Hist. Nat. B. Aires, I, No. 2, Feb. 1909, p. 23

(Jujuy); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, 1910, p. 282 (Salta);

idem, Bol. Soc. Physis, I, No. 6, 1914, p. 325 (part; Salta).

Range : Northwestern Argentina, in provinces of Jujuy and Salta.

• The locality "Rio Claro," is erroneously identified (in the Cat. B. Brit. Mus.)
with the river in the State of Goyaz while it actually refers to the city of that name
in S. Paulo. I do not find any reliable record for the occurrence of B. c. cinerea
in Minas Geraes either. — C. E. H.

b Batara cinerea argentina: Claimed to differ from B. c. cinerea by smaller size
(wing (c?) 115, (9) no;tail (d") 165, (9) 140; bill 32 mm.), by having the light and
blackish bands on wings and tail more numerous as well as more closely set, and by
the greater extent of the ochraceous color on top of head in the female sex.

BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 43

Genus MACKENZIAENA Chubb.

Mackenziaena CHUBB, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (gth set.), a, 1918, p. 123 (type

Thamnophilus leachii SUCH).
Lochites (not of GISTEL 1848) CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859,

p. 1 8 (type by subs, desig., SCLATER, 1890, Thamnophilus severus LICHTEN-

STEIN).
Picrotes CHUBB, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9th ser.), 2, 1918, p. 123 (new name for

Lochites CABANIS and HEINE).
(?) Othello REICHENBACH, Av. Syst. Nat., 1850, pi. 71 (no type specified).*

Mackenziaena leachii (Such). LEACH'S ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus leachii SUCH, Zool. Journ., i, No. 4, Jan. 1825, p. 558 (=d")
(vicinity of Goaytacazes ( = Campos), Prov. Rio de Janeiro); JARDINE and
SELBY, Illus. Ornith., 3, Apr. 1828, pi. 41 (= o") (Brazil; coll. SUCH); BUR-
MEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 90 (New Freiburg; descr. and
range); WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 614 (Concepcion, Misiones).

Thamnophilus leachi SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1858, p. 207 (descr. and range);
PELZELN, Orn, Bras., 2, 1868, p. 74 (Mattodentro, Marmeleiro, Ypanema,
S. Paulo; Curytiba and Campo Comprido, Parana); BERLEPSCH and JHER-
ING, Zeitschr. ges. Ornith., 2, 1885, p. 147 (Taquara, Arroio Grande, Rio
Grande do Sul); SCLATER and HUDSON, Argent. Ornith., i, 1888, p. 202
(Misiones); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 181 (Rio de Janeiro;
Santa F6, Minas Geraes; S. Paulo; Rio Grande do Sul); JHERING, Rev.
Mus. Paul., 3, 1899, p. 235 (Iporanga, S. Paulo); idem, Annuario Est. Rio
Grande do Sul para o anno 1900, 1899, p. 130 (Mundo Novo, Rio Grande do
Sul); idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 195 (Iporanga, Itararg, S. Paulo;
Itatiaya, Minas); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, 1910, p. 282
(Misiones); CHROSTOWSKI, Compt. Rend. Soc. Scient. Varsovie, 5, 1912,
p. 477, 496 (Vera Guarany, Parana); BERTONI, Rev. Inst. Parag., 1907,
p. — (Sep. p. 6) (Puerto Bertoni, Iguazu).

Thamnophilus ruficeps SUCH, Zool. Journ., i, No. 4, Jan. 1825, p. 559 (=9)
(vicinity of Campos, Rio de Janeiro).

Lanius funebris (Cuvier Ms.) PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, livr. 3, 1855,
p. 324 (no locality given).

Thamnophilus leachi var. minor PELZELN, Nunquam otiosus, 2, 1874, ?• 29*
(Novo Friburgo, Rio).

Lochites leachi CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 19 ("Monte-
video"; Brazil).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Rio de Janeiro and southern
Minas Geraes to Rio Grande do Sul, and northeastern Argentina
(Misiones).

• Gray (Cat. Gen. and Subgen. Birds, 1855, p. 61) designates Thamnophilus
luctuosus LICHTENSTEIN as genotype. However, Reichenbach s figures do not cor-
respond with the characters of this bird and are more likely to have been taken
from Lanius severus LICHTENSTEIN. (See also Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein.
2, 1859, p. 19, footnote *).

44 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Mackenziaena unduliger (Pelzelri)* UNDULATED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus unduliger PELZELN, Ornith. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 75, 139 (Mara-
bitarlas, Rio Negro; S. Boaventura, Rio Icanna; types in Vienna Museum
examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 272
(Chamicuros, Xeberos, n. Peru); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 2
(same localities); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 182 (Rio Ucayali,
Chamicuros, Xeberos, Peru; Rio Copotaza, e. Ecuador); JEERING and
JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 195 (range); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 268 (descr., range).

Thamnophilus fuliginosus (err.) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867,
P- 750, 755 (Xeberos, Peru).

Taraba unduliger CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 364
(La Morelia, se. Colombia).

Range: Upper Amazonia, from northwestern Brazil (upper Rio
Negro and its affluents) and southeastern Colombia (Caquetd region)
south through eastern Ecuador to northern Peru (Dept. Loreto).

*Mackenziaena severa (Lichtensteiri) . SOOTY ANT SHRIKE.

Lanius severus LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., 1823, p. 45, 46 (San
Paulo).

Thamnophilus niger SUCH, Zool. Journ., i, No. 4, Jan. 1825, p. 559 (= o") (vicin-
ity of Goaytacazes ( = Campos), Prov. Rio de Janeiro).

Thamnophilus Swainsonii SUCH, Zool. Journ., i, No. 4, Jan. 1825, p. 556, suppl.
pi. 5 ( = 9 ) (vicinity of Campos, Prov. Rio de Janeiro).

Thamnophilus Othello LESSON, Centurie Zool., 1831, p. 65, pi. 19 (d*) ("du
Br6siT).

Batara othello LESSON, Traitd d'Ornith., end of 1830, p. 347 ("du Bresil").

Thamnophilus severus BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 90 (descr.
and range) ; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1858, p. 208 (descr. and range) ; PELZELN,
Orn. Bras., 3, 1868, p. 75 (Mattodentro, Ypanema, Sao Paulo); BER-
LEPSCH, Journ. Ornith., 1873, p. 254 (Blumenau, Santa Catharina); idem,
and JHERING, Zeitschr. ges. Orn., 2, 1885, p. 147 (Arroio Grande, Rio Grande
do Sul); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 183 (descr.; se. Brazil);
JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 1899, p. 236 (Piracicaba, Yporanga, Sao
Paulo); idem, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul para 1900, 1899, p. 130,
(Rio Grande do Sul); idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, 1900, p. 158 (Cantagallo) ;
idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 195 (Piracicaba, Botucatu, Alto da Serra,
Yporanga, Itarar6, Itapura, Ubatuba, Rio Feio, Sao Paulo); DABBENE,
Bol. Soc. Physis, i, 1914, p. 326 (Santa Ana, Misiones); MENEGAUX, Rev.
Frang. d'Orn., 10, No. 114, 1918, p. 317 (Villa Lutetia, Misiones).

Lochites severus CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 1874, P- 236 (Cantagallo); BERTONI,
Faun. Parag., 1914, p. 59 (Alto Parana).

• An earlier name is probably Thamnophilus brevirostris LAFRESNAYE (Rev.
Zool., 7, 1844, p. 82: "Colombie"= Bogota). Unfortunately, the type is not any
longer to be found in the Lafresnaye Collection, now in Museum of Comparative
Zoology, Cambridge (Outram Bangs in litt.). — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 45

Thamnophilus Lahilleanus BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., Jan. 1901, p. 135 (Alto
Parand, e. Paraguay).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do
Sul, and adjoining parts of Paraguay (Alto Parand) and Argentina
(Misiones)."

i: Brazil (Victoria, Sao Paulo i).

Genus FREDERICKENA Chubb.

Frederickena CHUBB, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., foth ser.), 2, July 1918, p. 123
(type by orig. desig. Thamnophilus viridis VIEILLOT).

*Frederickena viridis ( Vieillof). CRESTED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus viridis VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 3, 1816,
p. 318 ("I'Amenque meridionale," we accept Cayenne as type locality; = 9,
erroneously described; type examined in Paris Museum by C. E. H.);
PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, livr. 3, 1855, p. 354 (crit.); MENEGAUX and
HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 24 (crit.); BER-
LEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 151 (Cayenne); BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, I,
1917, p. 132 (Bartica Grove).

Lanius lunulatus (Cuvier Ms.) LESSON, Trait6 d'Orn., end of 1830, p. 375, pi. 45,
fig. 2 (=9) (Cayenne; type in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.);
PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, livr. 3, 1855, p. 327 (Cayenne; descr. 9).

Thamnophilus lunulatus SCLATER, Edinb. New Philos. Journ., (new ser.), I,
1855, p. 232 (Cayenne); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 423 (Bartica Grove, Cama-
cusa, Brit. Guiana); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, No/. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 68
(Suapure, Caura R., Venezuela); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull. ,2,
1916, p. 275 (Suapure).

Thamnophilus fuliginosus GOULD, P. Z. S. Lond., 5, Feb. 1838, p. 80 (Demerara;
descr. o" and 9); SCLATER, Edinb. New Philos. Journ., (new ser.), i, 1855,
p. 234 (Brit. Guiana; descr. d", 9); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 1858, p. 208 (descr.
and range) ; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 183 (Cayenne, Brit. Guiana).

Frederickena viridis CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 9 (Ituribisi River,
Supenaam, Bartica, Bonasica, Makauria, Camacusa, Brit. Guiana).

Range: French and British Guiana; eastern Venezuela (Caura
Valley).

2 : Mazaruni River, British Guiana.

Genus TARABA Lesson.

Taraba LESSON, TraitS d'Orn., livr. 5, 1830, p. 375 (type by subs, desig., Gray,

1855, Thamnophilus stagurus "VIEILLOT").
Diallactes REICHENBACH, Av. Syst. Nat., 1850, p. 71 (type by subs, desig.,

Sclater, 1890, Thamnophilus major VIEILLOT).

* The locality "Rio Claro, Goyaz" is erroneous. Likewise the bird has yet to
be discovered in Minas proper.

46 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

*Taraba major major ( Vieillot). GREAT ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus major VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 3, 1816,
P- 313 (based on Azara No. 211: "Batara mayor" — Paraguay); D'ORBIGNY,
Voyage Am6r. meYid., Ois., 1838, p. 166 (Corrientes, Sante F6, Argentina;
Yungas, Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, Chiquitos, Bolivia); PELZELN, Orn.
Bras., 2, 1868, p. 75 (part; Abrantes, Goyaz; Cuyaba, S. Vicente, Matto-
grosso); SALVIN, Ibis, 1880, p. 359 (Tucuman, Salta); WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1882, p. 614 (Oran, Salta); BERLEPSCH, Journ. Ornith., 1887, p. 16 (Lambar6,
Paraguay); (?) ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 94 (Reyes
and Falls of the Madeira, Bolivia [? !]); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 1 86 (part; Abrilongo, Chapada, Mattogrosso; Bolivia, Salta, Tucu-
man); KERR, Ibis, 1892, p. 134 (Fortin Page, Pilcomayo); ALLEN, Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., S, 1893, p. 115 (Corumba, Abrilongo, Chapada);
SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 10, No. 208, 1895, p. 13 (Colonia Risso,
Paraguay; Corumba, Mattogrosso; S. Pablo, Tucuman); idem, 1. c., 12,
No. 292, 1897, p. 2 1 (Campo Santo, Salta; S. Lorenzo, Jujuy) ; KERR, Ibis, 1901 ,
p. 227 (Paraguayan Chaco); C. B. GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 135 (Riacho Ancho,
Terr, del Chaco; Goya, Corrientes; Desaguadero, Villa Pilar, Curuzu Chica,
Paraguay; below Boca de Homiguera, sw. Mattogrosso); LILLO, Anal. Mus.
Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, 1902, p. 192 (San Pablo and Yerba-Buena, Tucuman);
idem, Revista letr. y cienc. soc. Tucuman, 3, 1905, p. 54 (same localities);
BRUCH, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 2, 1904, p. 254 (Oran, Salta); JEERING, Rev.
Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 352 (part; Avanhandava, n. Sao Paulo); JHERING
and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 196 (part; Itapura, Barretos,
Avanhandava, n. S. Paulo); BERTONI, Faun. Parag., 1914, p. 51 (Asunci6n);
HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 194 (Bolivia, Argentina; crit.).

Thamnophilus major major HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 66 (Goyaz,
Faz. Esperanca, Rio Araguaya, Goyaz); HARTERT and VENTURI, 1 c., 16,
1909. P- 220 (Mocovi, Chaco; Los Vasquez, Tucuman; San Lorenzo, Jujuy);
DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, 1910, p. 283 (Tucuman,
Salta; Mocovi, Chaco).

Thamnophilus magnus "WiEo" LESSON, Trait6 d'Orn., livr. 5, end of 1830, p. 375
(based on "Le Grand Batara" in Walckenaer's edition of Azara 3, p. 419:
Paraguay).

Thamnophilus stagurus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) BURMEISTER, Journ. Ornith., 8,
1860, p. 251 (Parana, Tucuman); idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, 1861, p. 471
(Parana, Tucuman, "Montevideo").

Thamnophilus rohdei BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 35, 1887, p. 16, pi. i (Lambare',
Paraguay; type in Berlin Museum examined by C. E. H.»); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 187 (Paraguay).

• The type is most certainly but a melanistic aberration of the ordinary
T. m. major. I have had an opportunity of examining a second example of this
black-bellied phase, obtained by S. M. Klages on January 10, 1922 at Hyutanahan,
Rio Purus, Brazil. The bird, a male in first annual plumage, No. 87153 of the
Carnegie Museum, has the uniform black tail characteristic of T. m. melanurus,
of which numerous normal, i. e. white-bellied examples were taken by the collector
on the same river; while the type of T. rohdei, in markings of tail, agrees with
T. m. major, well known as an inhabitant of Paraguay. — C. E. H.

1924- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. , 47

Taraba major virgultorum CHERRIE, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, June 1916,
P- 39* (part; descr. o* from Todos Santos, Rio Chapar6, Bolivia; type in
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, examined by C. E. H.»).

Taraba major SERIE and SMYTH, El Hornero, 3, 1923, p. 47 (Santa Elena, n.
Entrerios).

Range: From eastern Bolivia (Yungas of Cochabamba; Santa Cruz
de la Sierra, Prov. del Sara; Chiquitos) through northwestern Argen-
tina south to Prov. Santa Fe, Corrientes and northern Entrerios;
Paraguay ; western Brazil in states of Goyaz and Mattogrosso, south to
northern Sao Paulo (Parana-Tiete region). b

i : Argentina (Trancas, Tucuman) .

"Taraba major stagurus (Lichtenstein).0 East Brazilian GREAT
ANT SHRIKE.

Lanius stagurus LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., 1823, p. 45 (Bahia;
types in Berlin Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Thamnophilus albiventer SPIX, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 23, pi. 32 (Rio Sao Fran-
cisco =Joazeiro, Bahia; types in Munich Museum examined by C. E. H.);
HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 654 (errone-
ously identified with T. m. major').

* The type, an adult male in annual molt, does not differ in any way from topotyp-
ical Paraguayan examples of T. m. major. The absence of the white apical spots on
many of the upper wing coverts, alluded to by the describer, is simply due to the effect
of extreme wear, as even a superficial inspection easily discloses ; besides, on a few cov-
erts that have already been renewed, these white markings are as well pronounced
as in specimens from other localities. Moreover, a second male from Todos Santos
(Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. No. 137,038, July 26, 1915. Miller and Boyle) in fairly
good plumage is practically identical with topotypes from Paraguay. While the sup-
posed female of virgultorum (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. No. 148,401 Porto Velho, Rio Ma-
deira, Brazil, May 31, 1915. G. K. Cherrie) proves to belong to T. m. borbae, another
from near the type locality (Rio San Mateo), by its darker chestnut upper parts
and fulvous under tail coverts, appears to form the transition to T. m. melanurus.
Four females from Santa Cruz de la Sierra, e. Bolivia, and nw. Argentina (Tucuman,
Jujuy) differ from Brazilian specimens by their lighter upper parts, paler ear coverts
and by having the foreneck tinged with buff. Although males are not distinguishable,
they possibly constitute a distinct race. However, I have not been able to examine
any female from Paraguay. — C. E. H.

b In the absence of material I cannot make out whether birds from Minas Geraes
(Thamnophilus major REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 377)
are referable to T. m. major or to T. m. stagurus. — C. E. H.

0 Taraba major stagurus: Differs in the male sex from T. m. major by the greater
amount of white in the tail, the third to fifth rectrix (counting from without) having
five or six distinct white marginal spots on the outer web, while the median pair is
marked on both webs in the same manner; the female is recognizable by its lighter ru-
fous upper parts and tail. On comparison of twenty T. m. major (3 Paraguay, 7 Matto-
grosso, 10 Goyaz) with forty examples from east and ne. Brazil (12 Bahia, 2 joazeiro,
4 nw. Bahia (Rio Preto), 4 Piauhy, 16 Ceara, 2 Miritiba, Maianhao), the latter are
found to constitute a fairly well-marked race. While admitting that in some of the
males from Ceara its characters are most strongly pronounced, I do not see how the
series, as a whole, can be separated from another, including the types of L. stagurus
and Th. albiventer, from Bahia. While birds from Miritiba are extreme examples of
stagurus, those from w. Maranhao (Tury-assii, S. Bento) form the transition to
semifasciatus. — C. E. H.

48 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnophilus tricolor SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., 2, No. 5, April 1825, p. 86 (= d")

(Catinga woods of Humildez, Prov. Bahia).
Thamnophilus cinnamomeus SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., 2, No. 5, April 1825, p. 87

(=9) (Urup6, Bahia); idem, Ornith. Drawings, Part 5, 1840 (?), pi. 60.
Taraba major approximans CORY, Auk, 36, Jan. 1919, p. 88 (Serra Baturit6,

Ceara).
Thamnophilus stagurus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831, p. 990 (Rio

Belmonte, s. Bahia).
Thamnophilus major SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 186 (part; spec.

n-t, Pernambuco, Bahia) ; REISER, Denkschr. math, naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss.

Wien, 76, 1910, p. 65 (Faz. Riacho am Rio Grande, Santa Rita am Rio Preto,

nw. Bahia; Parnagud, Pedrinha, Lake of Missao, Therezina, Piauhy; spec.

examined by C. E. H.); LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12 (2), 1920, p. 98 (Ilheos —

Belmonte, s. Bahia).

Range: Eastern and northeastern Brazil, from southern Bahia
(Belmonte) north to Ceara, Piauhy and Maranhao.

23: Ceara (Serra Baturite" 10, Jua 6), Bahia (Macaco Secco near
Andarahy i), Maranhao (Tury-assu i, Sao Bento 5).

"Taraba major semifasciatus (Cabanis). PARA GREAT ANT SHRIKE.

Diattactes semifasciatus CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 20, 1872, p. 234 ("Para, Guiana
and Venezuela"; — Para accepted as type locality, auct. HELLMAYR, Nov.
Zool., 12, 1905, p. 283).

Thamnophilus major (not of VIEILLOT) CABANIS in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit.
Guiana, 3, 1848, p. 687 (Brit. Guiana); SCLATER, Edinb. New Philos. Jour.,
(new ser.), i, 1855, P- 232 (part; Trinidad, Guiana, Pard); idem, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1858, p. 209 (part; Trinidad, Guiana, Para); TAYLOR, Ibis, 1864, p. 85
(Trinidad); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 575 (Para); idem,
1. c., 1868, p. 168 (Carupano, Bermudez); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 75
(part; Rio Amajau near Barcellos; Para, Forte do Rio Branco); FINSCH,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1870, p. 567 (Trinidad); LAYARD, Ibis, 1873, p. 356 (Para);
SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 423 (Brit. Guiana); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 1 86 (part; spec, d-m, Carupano, Venez., Trinidad, Cayenne; Rio
Takutu and Quonja, Brit. Guiana; Para); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 4, 1892, p. 55 (El Pilar, Bermudez); CHAPMAN, 1. c., 6, 1894, P- 49
(Princestown, Trinidad); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 283 (Para,
Ourem, Rio Moju).

Thamnophilus major semifasciatus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905, p. 283
(Igarap6-Assu, Pard); idem, 1. c., 13, 1906, p. 30 (Caparo, Trinidad), 366
(S. Antonio do Prata); idem, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3,
1906, p. 655 in text.(crit.; range); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., i,
No. 8, 1906, p. 192 (Aripo, Trinidad); 1. c., No. 13, 1908, p. 365 (Carenage,
Aripo, Trinidad); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 16 (Itaituba, Rio
Tapaj6z); JEERING and JEERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 196 (range);
BERLEPSCB, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 151 (Rio Approuague, Cayenne);
HELLMAYR, Abhandl. math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912,

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 49

p. 42 (Peixe-Boi), 92 (Para-localities) ; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8,

1914, p. 269 (Para, Peixe-Boi, Quati-puni, Rio Guama [Ourem], Rio Moju,

R. Tapaj6z (Boim, PinheO, Arumanduba, Monte Alegre, Obidos, Rio

Jamunda ([Faro]).

7 hamnophilus semifasciatus SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 61, 1913, p. 528 (habits).
Taraba major semifasciatus BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62,

No. 2, 1918, p. 66 (Paramaribo, Surinam).

Taraba semifasciata CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 10 (Brit. Guiana).
Thamnophilus stagurus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) LEOTAUD, Ois. Trinidad, 1866,

p. 266.

Thamnophilus albicrissus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 14, 1891, p. 481 (Trinidad).
Thamnophilus major albicrissus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 7,

1895, p. 324 (Trinidad, El Pilar; crit.); PHELPS, Auk, 14, 1897, P- 365 (Cuman-

acoa, Bermudez); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 68 (Cai-

cara, Perico, Maipures, Munduapo, Rio Orinoco; Suapure, La Pricion, Caura;

Cumana, ne. Venezuela).
Taraba major albicrissa CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., a, 1916, p. 275

(Orinoco River, from Las Barrancas upwards).
Thamnophilus melanurus (not of SCLATER) CHAPMAN and RIKER, Auk, 8, 1891,

p. 28 (Santarem).
Thamnophilus borbae (not of PELZELN) BRABOURNE and CHUBB, Ann. Mag. Nat.

Hist., (8th ser.), 10, 1912, p. 262 (British Guiana).

Range: Trinidad; northeastern Venezuela (State of Bermudez:
Carupano, Cumanacoa, El Pilar); central Venezuela, on the Orinoco
River from Las Barrancas up to Munduapo, and its tributary, the Caura;
Guianas; northern Brazil (Rio Negro, Rio Branco, north bank near
Obidos, Monte Alegre, Arumanduba; Para District, thence ranging
south of the Amazon west to the Tapajoz, east probably not beyond
the Rio Gurupy.»

6: British Guiana 3, Dutch Guiana (Paramaribo) i, Brazil
(Base of Serra da Lua near Boa Vista, Rio Branco) 2.

Taraba major borbae (Pelzeln)* BORBA GREAT ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus borbae PELZELN, Ornith. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 75, 140 (Borba,
Rio Madeira; types in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 186 (Borba); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi,
8, 1914, p. 269 (Rio Madeira).

• Birds from Bermudez agree in every respect with those from Trinidad, Guiana
and Para, whereas some of the females from the upper Orinoco (Munduapo) , by the deep-
er rufous brown dorsal surface, form the transition to T. m. granadensis, of nw. Ven-
ezuela, from which they differ, however, by their much paler under tail coverts.
An adult male from Itaituba (left bank of Rio Tapajoz) has less white in the tail and
closely approaches specimens of T.m. borbae with an unusual amount of white mark-
ings on the lateral rectrices. notably one male from Jamarysinho, Rio Machados, in
the Tring Museum. — C. E. H.

b Taraba major borbae is merely an intergrade between T. m. melanurus and
T. m. semifasciatus. The white markings on the lateral tail feathers in the male are

So FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnophilus major borbae HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss.,
22, No. 3, 1906, p. 655 in text (crit.; Borba); JEERING and JHERING, Cat.
Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 196 (Borba); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907,
p. 369 (Humaytha, Borba); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 336 (Calama, Allianca,
Jamarysinho, Rio Madeira).

Taraba major virgultorum CHERRIE, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, June 1916,
p. 391 (part, descr. of 9 [obtained at Porto Velho, Rio Madeira]).

Range: Western Brazil on the banks of the Rio Madeira, from
Borba to Porto Velho.

Taraba major melanurus (Sclater). BLACK-TAILED GREAT ANT
SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus melanurus SCLATER, Edinb. New Philos. Jour., (n. s.), i, April
1855, p. 233 (part; River Ucayali, e. Peru; type [d\ ist annual] in coll.
Gould, now in coll. British Museum examined by C. E. H.); GOULD, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist., (n. s.), 14, May 1855, p. 345 (part; Rio Ucayali); idem,
P. Z. S. Lond., 23, May 16, 1855, p. 69, pi. 83 (part; River Ucayali);
SCLATER, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 65 (Rio Napo), 209 (part; R. Ucayali, e. Peru;
Rio Napo); SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1866, p. 185 (Upper and Lower Ucay-
ali; Nauta); 1867, p. 750 (Chyavetas), 978 (Pebas); 1873, p. 272 (Nauta,
Santa Cruz, Ucayali, Chyavetas, Pebas); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6rou, 2,
1884, p. 5 (Moyobamba, Pangoa; Ucayali, Nauta, Chyavetas, Santa Cruz,
Pebas); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 185 (part; Pebas, Samiria,
Sarayacu, Ucayali; Rio Napo); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 63 (Archidona,
e. Ecuador); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 439 (Rio Jurua); SNETH-
LAGE, Journ. Oraith., 56, 1908, p. 15 (Cachoeira, Bom Lugar, Monte Alegre,
Rio Punis); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 268 (same localities).

Diallactes melanurus CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 20, 1872, p. 234 (Ucayali).

Thamnophilus major melanurus HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss.,
22, No. 3, 1906, p. 655 in text (crit. ; Ucayali, Chyavetas) ; JHERING and
JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 196 (Rio Jurua).

Taraba major melanura HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, Abt. A, Heft 10, 1920,
p. 82 (Yahuarmayo, San Gaban, Chaquimayo, se. Peru).

Thamnophilus melanurus debilis BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896,
P- 379 (La Merced, Dept. Junin, Peru; one of the typical specimens in coll.
Berlepsch examined by C. E. H.).

Taraba melanura debilis BANGS and NOBLE, Auk, 35, 1918, p. 452 (Bellavista,
R. Marafion).

Thamnophilus major (not of VIEILLOT) TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10, (i), 1844,
p. 277 (Peru).

exceedingly variable, birds with only a narrow apical margin on the two outermost
pairs being indistinguishable from the general run of melanurus, while others which, in
addition, have a number of white spots or broken bands on the inner web, point rather
to semifasciaius. In fact, a male from Jamarysinho on the Rio Machados, a little above
its junction with the Rio Madeira, hardly differs in the tail-markings from another
taken at Itaituba, Rio Tapaj<5z which I refer to semifasciatus. The female of borbae
combines the dark saccardo brown upper parts of melanurus with the basally white
under-tail coverts of semifascialus.—C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 51

Thamnophilus mayor TSCHUDI, Faun. Peru., Aves, 1846, p. 170 (Peru).

Range: Upper Amazonia, from eastern Ecuador through Peru to
Dept. of Junin and north slope of Andes of Carabaya, Dept. Puno, east
to western Brazil (rivers Purus and Jurua).

4: Peru (Vista Alegre 3, Puerto Bermudez, i).

*Taraba major granadensis (Cabanis). COLOMBIAN GREAT ANT
SHRIKE.

Diallactes granadensis CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 20, 1872, p. 234 (Bogotd, Col-
ombia; type in Berlin Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Thamnophilus major granadensis HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss.,
22, No. 3, 1906, p. 655 (crit.; Bogota); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1158
in text (Bogotd; Antioquia; M6rida, Ejido, Mt. near Bucarito, San Esteban;
crit.).

Tar aba major granadensis HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5,
1912, p. 118 (Las Quiguas, S. Esteban, Venezuela; crit.).

Thamnophilus transandeanus granadensis MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull.
Soc. Philom. Paris, (9th ser.), 8, 1906, p. 25 (Bogotd; Antioquia [ = Remedios],
Colombia; M6rida).

Tar aba transandeana granadensis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,
19171 P- 364 (Malena, Honda, Magdalena R.; Buena Vista, Villavicencio,
e. Colombia); TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 1922, p. 318
(Tucurinca, Santa Marta district).

Thamnophilus melanurus (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, Edinb. Mew Philos. Journ.,
(n. s.), i, April 1855, p. 233 (part; Bogotd); GOULD, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, May
1855, p. 69 (part; Bogotd); SCLATER, 1. c., 1855, p. 147 (Bogotd); idem, 1, c.,
1858, p. 209 (part; Bogotd) ; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 360 (Bogotd).

Thamnophilus transandeanus (not of SCLATER) SCLATER and SAL VIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1879, P- 524 (part; Remedies, e. slope of c. Andes; one d" in Paris Museum
examined)*; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 185 (part; speci-
mens 1, m; Remedies).

Range: Tropical zone of northwestern Venezuela (in states of
Caracas, b Carabobo, Lara, MeYida, Zulia) and eastern Colombia
(Tucurinca, Santa Marta District; Magdalena Valley and eastern
Andes).

5: Venezuela (Orope, Zulia 3, Catatumbo River 2).

Taraba major transandeanus (Sclater). HOLLAND'S ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus transandeanus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 18 (Guaya-
quil, sw. Ecuador; type in British Museum examined by C. E. H.); idem,

a An adult male from Remedies, Antioquia, is intermediate between granadensis
and transandeanus, combining, as it does, the grayish under-tail coverts of the
former with the long bill and uniform black tail of the latter race. — C. E. H.

b A male collected by Ernst Peters in the Mamera Valley, near Caracas, on Feb.
15, 1890 in the Berlepsch Collection. — C. E. H.

52 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

1. c., 1860, p. 278 (Babahoyo), 294 (Esmeraldas) ; TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1877,
p. 324 (Tumbez, nw. Peru); SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1879, P- 524 (part;
Rio Neche, lower Cauca'); BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1883, p. 564
(Chimbo); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 185 (part; spec, a-k,
Costa Rica to Ecuador6); HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 491 (Chimbo);
SALVADOR! and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899, P- 27
(Vinces, Peripa, w. Ecuador).

Thamnophilus major transandeanus HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1157
(Guineo, Rio Calima; Rio Dagua; El Tigre, R. Tamana; La Selva, R. Jamar-
aya).

Taraba transandeana transandeana RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911,
p. 28 (monog., s. Mexico to w. Ecuador); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 36, 1917, p. 364 (Alto Bonito, La Vieja, Baudo, San Jose, Barbacoas, w.
Colombia; Rio Frio, Palmira, upper Cauca); STONE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 70, 1918, p. 260 (Rio Sin, Gatun, Panama).

Thamnophilus melanocrissus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 252 (Santecoma-
pam, Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Mexico); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 184 (s. Mexico and Guatemala).

Thamnophilus hollandi LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 8, 1867, p. 180 (Grey-
town, Nicaragua).

Range : Southern Mexico (in states of Vera Cruz and Tabasco) and
southward through Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and
Panama to Colombia (Pacific Coast and Cauca Valley), western Ecua-
dor and northwestern Peru (Tumbez).0

13: Guatemala i, Nicaragua (San Emilis Lake) 5, Costa Rica 2,
Panama i, Ecuador (Puente de Chimbo) 4.

Genus SAKESPHORUS Chubb.

Hypolophus (not of MULLER and HENLE, 1837) CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein.,

2, 1859, p. 16 (type by subs, desig., Sclater, 1890, 'Thamnophilus cirrhatus"
= Lanius canadensis LINNEAUS).

Sakesphorus CHUBB, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., foth ser.), a, 1918, p. 123 (type
Lanius canadensis LINNEAUS).

*Sakesphorus canadensis canadensis (Linnaeus). BLACK-CRESTED

ANT SHRIKE.
Lanius canadensis LINNEAUS, Syst. Nat., 12 (i), 1766, p. 134 (based on "La

" An adult female in the Berlepsch Collection is an extremely large-billed ex-
ample of transandeanus, exactly like those from w. Ecuador. — C. E. H.

b The locality, "Sarayacu," e. Ecuador, is of course erroneous.

e In deference to Mr. Ridgway's view, T. melanocrissus is here united with
T. m. transandeanus, though I am not sure that this proceeding is quite correct.
In every one of nine males from Guatemala, the under tail coverts are entirely black
while in a series of twenty-six from w. Colombia and Ecuador, all but one have very
distinct white apical edges. In birds from Costa Rica, Chiriqui, and Nicaragua,
these edges are likewise pronounced though narrower than in those from South
America. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 53

Pie-grieche, de Canada" Brisson, Ornith., 2, 1760, p. 171: "Canada,"
errore; Cayenne suggested as type locality, auct. BERLEPSCH and HARTERT,
1902; descr. 9).

TurduscirrhatusGuELiK, Syst. Nat., I (2), 1789, p. 826 (based on "Fourmilier
huppg" Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois., 4, p. 476, descr. cf, 9 ; no locality given,
but no doubt Cayenne).

Lanius pileatus LATHAM, Ind. Orn., i, 1790, p. 76 (based on "Black-capped
Shrike" LATHAM, Gen. Syn. Birds, Suppl., 1787, p. 54, part, "cf", Cayenne).

Tyrannus atricapillus VIEILLOT, Hist. Nat. Ois. Am6r. Sept., I, 1807?, p. 78,
pi. 48 ( = d") (descr. part, o" only, no locality indicated).

Tyrannus canadensis VIEILLOT, 1. c., p. 79, pi. 49 ( = 9 ) ("Caienne").

Thamnophilus leucauchen SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, April 1855, p. 18, pi. 79
(c?i 9) ("in Peruvia orientali, Chamicuros," errore; the types in the Brit-
ish Museum examined by C. E. H. are tradeskins from Cayenne"); idem,
Edinb. New Philos. Journ., (n. s.), i, April 1855, p. 241 (part; "types said to
be from 'Rio Nigro' [sic]); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 216 (diag. o% 9 ;
"E. Peru, Upper Amazons [Hauxwell]," errore); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B.,
1862, p. 174 (part; spec, a, b, types from "Rio Napo," errore!); TACZAN-
OWSKI, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 15 (part;descr. cf, 9 from types ex "Rio Napo,"
errore).

Thamnophilus cristatus (not of WIED) BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3,
1856, p. 97 (part).

Thamnophilus atricapillus SCLATER, Edinb. New Phil. Journ., (n. s.), r, 1855,
p. 240 (part; Cayenne); BONAPARTE, Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, 2, 1857,
p. 34 (Cayenne); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 215 (part; Cayenne);
idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862, p. 174 (part; Cayenne).

Thamnophilus cirrhatus BERLEPSCH, Ibis, 1881, p. 244 (nomencl.); SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 202 (part; Cayenne); MENEGAUX, Bull.
Mus. Paris, 10, 1904, p. 175 (Sinnamary, Mana, French Guiana); idem, 1. c.,
14, 1908, p. 12 (French Guiana).

Thamnophilus canadensis canadensis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 60
(part; Cayenne, Surinam).

Thamnophilus canadensis BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 152 (Cayenne),
319 (Sinnamary, Mana).

Hypolophus canadensis canadensis BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
62, No. 2, 1918, p. 67 (Paramaribo, Surinam).

Range: French and Dutch Guiana.
2: Surinam (Paramaribo 2).

*Sakesphorus canadensis trinitatis (Ridgway).b TRINIDAD BLACK-
CRESTED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus trinitatis RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 14, 1891, publ. 1892, p. 481
(Trinidad; descr. c?1).

• See Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 60.

b Sakesphorus canadensis trinitatis (RIDGWAY) is a rather unsatisfactory race
and, if considered worthy of recognition, its range must be considerably extended

54 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnophilus cirrhatus (not of GMELIN) CABANIS in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit.
Guiana, 3, 1848, p. 687 (Avicannia-bushes of the coast, Brit. Guiana);
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 202 (part; Quonga, Brit. Guiana;
San Esteban, Pilar, Venezuela; Trinidad); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 6, 1894, p. 50 (Trinidad, on the coast) ; idem, 1. c., 7, 1895, p. 325 (Trini-
dad; crit.); PHELPS, Auk, 14, 1897, p. 365, 370 (Guanaguana, Bermudez,
ne. Venezuela).

Formicaritis cirrhatus LEOTAUD, Ois. Trinidad, 1866, p. 195 (Trinidad).

Thamnophilus atricapUlus (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER, Edinb. New Philos. Journ.,
(n. s.), i, 1855, p. 240 (part; Trinidad, Brit. Guiana); idem, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1858, p. 215 (part; Trinidad, Brit. Guiana); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B.,
1862, p. 174 (part; Trinidad) ; TAYLOR, Ibis, 1864, p. 85 (Trinidad); PELZELN,
Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 75 (part; Forte do Rio Branco); SCLATER and SALVIN,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 168 (Pilar, Bermudez); FINSCH, 1. c., 1870, p. 568
(Trinidad); RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 7, 1884, P- *73 (Trinidad); SALVIN,
Ibis, 1885, p. 423 (Brit. Guiana).

Thamnophilus canadensis (not of LINNAEUS) STONE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
65, 1913, p- 202 (Cariaquito, Paria coast; Vagre River, Jocopita, Manimo R.,
Orinoco-delta). '

so as to comprise all of Venezuela, British Guiana and even the Rio Branco dis-
trict of n. Brazil, typical S. c. canadensis becoming, thus, restricted to French and
Dutch Guiana.

Twenty females from the two last named countries have only the foreneck, chest
and sides buff or ochraceous, with the middle of the abdomen extensively pure white and,
besides, the majority have the upper part of the head of a lighter, cinnamon-rufous
tone. In females from Venezuela, Brit. Guiana, Trinidad and Rio Branco, the middle of
the belly is decidedly buff or light ochraceous, hardly paler than the rest, while the
pileum, as a rule, is darker, more of a chestnut rufous. The coloration of the head,
however, is subject to much individual variation and does not hold good in about
one-third of the specimens examined. There is no constant difference between the
males of the two races, so far as I can see. The color of the back is exceedingly variable
within the same locality, every shade from deep rufous-brown to dull rufescent
brown being represented in each of the series from the Rio Branco, Caura River,
Lower Orinoco and Trinidad, with the darker phase, however, predominating.
Among twenty-two adult males from French and Dutch Guiana, on the other hand,
there is not one approaching the darkest extreme of trinitatis, while six are even
paler above than the lightest-backed, being almost olive brown with a hardly per-
ceptible rufescent hue.

I do not see how the birds of the middle stretches of the Orinoco can be separ-
ated from those found lower down on that mighty river. The type of H. c. inter-
medius though rather pale below, is exactly matched by the lightest bellied example
from Tucacas (Falcon), and a series of females from Altagracia show the same amount
of individual variation as another from the lower Orinoco (San Felix, Ciudad Bolivar,
Las Barrancas).

Birds from the coast region of nw. Venezuela (Aragua, Carabobo; Tucacas,
Falcon; El Hacha and Aroa, Bolivar Railroad) average slightly smaller, with gener-
ally shorter crest and are, as a rule, a little paler. The males present, in the color of the
back, a wider amount of individual variation than those from any other locality,
the darkest being fully as deeply colored as the darkest phase from Trinidad and the
Caura-Orinoco-basin, while the palest examples closely match the lightest olive-
backed extreme of typical canadensis.

Two males from Munduapo and San Fernando de Atabapo, by their dusky backs
with restricted brown margins, form the transition to S. c. loretoyacuensis, of Upper
Amazonia.

The foregoing notes are based on the study of more than 170 specimens cover-
ing the entire range of canadensis and trinitatis. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 55

Thamnophilus canadensis canadensis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 31
(Seelet, Pointe Gourde, Chaguaramas, Laventille, Trinidad); idem, 1. c.,
14, 1907, p. 60 (part; Brit. Guiana, Trinidad; Venezuela (Cumana, Orinoco,
Caura); Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco, n. Brazil); HELLMAYR and
SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, Sept. 1912, p. 119 (San Esteban).

Thamnophilus canadensis trinitatis BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9,
1902, p. 70 (Altagracia, Quiribana de Caicara, Santa Barbara, Ciudad Boli-
var, Munduapo, Maipures, Orinoco R. ; Suapure, La Pricion, La Union,
Caura R.); BEEBE, Zoologica (N. Y.), i, No. 3, 1909, p. 92 (La Brea, Orin-
oco-delta).

Hypolophus canadensis trinitatis CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2,
1916, p. 276 (Maripa, Mato R., Caura; San Feliz River, Lower Orinoco;
crit.).

Hypolophus canadensis intermedius CHERRIE, 1. c., p. 277 ("middle Orinoco from
Ciudad Bolivar and beyond"; type from Caicara in Brooklyn Museum
examined).

Sakesphorus canadensis (not of LINNAEUS) CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921,
p. 14 (British Guiana; numerous localities).

Range : Trinidad ; Venezuela, from the Paria Peninsula west to the
states of Aragua (Maracay), Carabobo (San Esteban, El Trompillo)
and Falcon (Tucacas; El Hacha and Aroa, Bolivar Railroad); in the
Orinoco Valley from the delta up to San Fernando de Atabapo, and on
its tributary, the Caura River; British Guiana; northern Brazil, on
the upper Rio Branco (Boa vista, Sao Joaquim).

12: Brazil (Boavista, Rio Branco) 8, Trinidad (Seelet) 2, British
Guiana (Demerara River) i, Venezuela (Maracay, Aragua) i.

Sakesphorus canadensis loretoyacuensis (Bartlett). BARTLETT'S
CRESTED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus loretoyacuensis BARTLETT, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 374 (Loretoy-
acu, R. Maranon, ne. Peru; type in Brit. Museum examined by C. E. H.);
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 205 (Loretoyacu, Upper Ucayali) ;
SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 272.

Thamnophilus loretoyacensis TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 13 (descr.
d" ex Loretoyacu, ne. Peru).

Thamnophilus canadensis loretoyacuensis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907,
p. 60 (Teffd, Rio Solimoes; crit.), 61 (e. Peru: Loretoyacu, Upper Ucayali;
nw. Brazil: Teff6, Poiares, S. Isabel and Rio Amajau, Rio Negro); JHERING
and JEERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 413 (range).

Thamnophilus leucauchen (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, Edinb. New Philos. Journ.,
(n. s.), i, 1855, p. 241 (part; 9 ex "Camuchurros," e. Peru); TACZANOWSKI,
Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 15 (part; Chamicuros).

Thamnophilus atricapillus (not of VIEILLOT) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 75
(part; below Poiares, Santa Isabel, Rio Negro; Rio Amajau; spec, in Vienna

56 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Museum examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866,
p. 185 (Upper Ucayali); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 273 (Upper Ucayali; spec, in
Brit. Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Northwestern Brazil (Teffe", Rio Solimoes; Poiares and
S. Isabel, on the Rio Negro; Rio Amajau) and northeastern Peru
(Loretoyacu, R. Maranon, R. Ucayali).

*Sakesphorus canadensis pulchellus (Cdbanis and Heine).* COL-
OMBIAN CRESTED ANT SHRIKE.

Hypolophus pulchellus CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 16 (Carta-
gena, n. Colombia).

Thamnophilus pulchellus BERLEPSCH, Ibis, 1881, p. 245 (crit.); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 204 (Baranquilla, Valencia, Santa Marta); SALVIN
and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 201 (Rio Truando,
Cartagena, Santa Marta); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 13, 1900,
p. 161 (Bonda, Cienaga).

Hypolophus canadensis pulchellus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911,
P- 33 (n- Colombia: Rio Atrato, Rio Truando; Cartagena, Sabanilla, Baran-
quilla; Santa Marta, Bonda, Cienaga, Valencia, Santa Marta).

Thamnophilus canadensis pulchellus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
36, 1917, p. 367 (Turbaco near Cartagena; La Playa, Calamar, Algodonal,
lower Magdalena).

Sakesphorus pulchellus TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 1922,
p. 317 (Bonda, Cienaga, Gaira, Punta Caiman, Trojas de Cataca, Tucurinca,
Fundaci6n, Santa Marta distr.; Rio Hacha, Goajira; crit.).

a Sakesphorus canadensis pulchellus (CABANIS and HEINE) : None of the char-
acters separating this race from S. c. trinitatis, viz. the brighter, more cinnamon
tinge of the back, the absence of gray on the rump, the white spotting on forehead
and sides of head, the white admixture in black of throat, the purer white ground
color of the under parts, the fulvous or buffy suffusion on the flanks, and the longer
occipital crest, although quite appreciable in a series, is an absolute feature. The
only point of distinction that can always be relied upon is the greater extent of the
white apical markings on the lateral reetrices, this being particularly noticeable on
the outermost pair where the marginal stripe on the outer web is confluent with the
white tip. The female may likewise be distinguished by more white in the tail ; besides,
the under parts are generally brighter ochraceous-buff , either wholly uniform or with
but a few narrow dusky streaks on the foreneck.

Birds from the Goajira Peninsula and nw. Venezuela (Rio Aurare, se. of Alta-
gracia, Zulia; Barquisimeto, s. Lara) have slightly larger bills, more white on fore-
head, the sides of the head mainly white, and less black on the under parts, this
color being, on the throat, sometimes nearly concealed by the white apical portions
of the feathers. As, however, about fifty percent of the specimens are indistinguish-
able from pulchellus, of nw. Colombia, I agree with E. W. C. Todd that the recogni-
tion of phainoleucus is of no practical advantage.

Seven specimens from Barquisimeto and two females from Tocuyo, in southern
Lara show no approach to S. c. trinitatis, of which I have examined a good series from
Tucacas, coast of Falcon, and five skins from Aroa and El Hacha, Bolivar Railroad,
in the northern portion of the state of Lara.

A single male from Catatumbo, sw. of Lake Maracaibo, however, combines the
general coloration above and the extensive white tail-markings of pulchellus with
the dark gray flanks and the chiefly black sides of the head of trinitatis. More
material is required to prove the constancy of these characters or otherwise.
— C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 57

Thamnophilus cirrhatus (not of GMELIN) d'ORBiGNY and LAFRESNAYE, Rev.

Zool., i, 1838, p. 165 (Cartagena).
Thamnophilus atricapillus (not of VIEILLOT) CASSIN, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.,

1860, p. 1 88 (Carthagena).

Thamnophilus sp.? CASSIN, 1. c., p. 189, No. 88 (Rio Truando).
Thamnophilus leucauchen (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds,

1862, p. 174 (part; spec, c, Santa Marta); SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, 1880,

p. 171 (Valencia, Santa Marta).
Hypolophus pulchettus phainoleucus TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 28, April

1915, p. 80 (Rio Hacha, Goajira, Peninsula, nw. Venezuela; type in Carnegie

Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Northern Colombia (Rio Atrato, Truando, Sinu; Carta-
gena, Baranquilla, Santa Marta district; lower Magdalena Valley;
Goajira Peninsula) and northwestern Venezuela (Rio Aurare, ten
miles southeast of Altagracia, eastern shore of Lake Maracaibo, Zulia;
Barquisimeto and El Cuji, Tocuyo, Lara; ? Catatumbo R., south-
west of Lake Maracaibo).

4: Venezuela (Rio Aurare 3, Catatumbo i).

Sakesphorus cristatus (Wied).* BRAZILIAN CRESTED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus cristatus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831, p. 1002 ("Campo
Geral in Sertao des Inneren von Bahia," e. Brazil); BURMEISTER, Syst.
Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 97 (part); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858,
p. 215 (diag. d" from spec, in Paris Museum); BERLEPSCH, Ibis, 1881, p. 245
(crit.); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 249 (crit. on Wied's
type); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 203 (descr. o71); MENEGAUX
and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (gth sen), 8, 1906, p. 26 (crit.).

Lanius poecilurus (Cuvier Ms.) PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, livr. 3, 1855,
p. 331, pi. 17, fig. 2 (= o* ad.) ("Bresil"; type examined in Paris Museum).

Thamnophilus atricapillus (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER, Edinb. New Phil. Journ.,
(n. s.), i, 1855, p. 240 (part; Bahia).

Range: Campos districts of eastern Brazil, in states of Bahia and
Ceara."

• Sakesphorus cristatus (WIED) : Male differs from the members of the S. canadensis
group by lacking the ashy rump; by having the back rather brighter rufescent-brown;
the upper tail coverts barred with black and white (instead of black with white
tips) ; by the rectrices being, on either web, marked with five large white marginal
spots. The flanks are fulvous (not grayish), and the bill is decidedly smaller. Wing,
67; tail, 59. Female unknown.

b There are two specimens from Ceard obtained by Miss Snethlage in the Para
Museum. Unfortunately, I kept no memorandum about their exact place of cap-
ture. The male in the Paris Museum was secured by the botanist Auguste de Saint-
Hilaire, who did not visit either Bahia or Ceara, but travelled extensively in the
southeastern states, from Minas Geraes and Rio de Janeiro down to Rio Grande do
Sul. It is probably somewhere in the campos districts of Minas Geraes that he
obtained his example of this exceedingly rare species which may ultimately prove to
be merely a race of canadensis. — C. E. H.

58 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Sakesphorus bernardi bernardi (Lesson). WHITE-NAPED ANT SHRIKE.

Tamnophilus Bernardi (Abeill6 Ms.) LESSON, Echo du Monde Savant, n,
No. 15, Aug. 22, 1844, p. 348 (Guayaquil, sw. Ecuador; descr. 9); idem,
Oeuvres compl. Buffon, (6d. LeVlque), 20 (Descr. Mammif. et Ois.), 1847,
p. 299 (Guayaquil).

Thamnophilus albinuchalis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, April 1855, p. 18 (Guay-
aquil and Puna Isl., sw. Ecuador; descr. o" ad. and cf juv.); idem, Edinb. New
Phil. Journ., (n. s.), i, April 1855, p. 241 (reprint of orig. descr.); idem, P. Z. S.
Lond., 26, 1858, p. 216 (Guayaquil, Puna Isl.); LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat.
Hist., 9, 1870, p. 236 (Puna Isl.); BERLEPSCH, Ibis, 1881, p. 245 (part; Ecua-
dor); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 204, pl.i 4 (part; Guayaquil,
Puna, Ecuador); SALVADOR: and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362,
1899, p. 28 (Savanna of Guayaquil).

Hypolophus bernardi bernardi HELLMAYR, Verhandl. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, No. 2,
Sept. 1917, p. 189 (part; Guayaquil, Puna Isl.).

Range: Southwestern Ecuador (Guayaquil district, Puna Isl.).

Sakesphorus bernardi piurae (Chapman).'' PIURA ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus bernardi piurae CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 86, Aug. 1923,

p. 3 (Samate, Prov. Piura, nw. Peru).

Thamnophilus albinuchalis (not of SCLATER) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1877, p. 324 (Tumbez; spec, examined by C. E. H.); idem, 1. c., 1880, p. 201
(Callacate; 9 examined); idem, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 14 (part; Tumbez,
Callacate); BERLEPSCH, Ibis, 1881, p. 245 (part; n. Peru); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 204 (part; Tumbez).
Hypolophus bernardi bernardi HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, No. 2, Sept.

1917. P- *89 (part; Tumbez).

Range: Southwestern Ecuador (in provinces of Loja and El Oro)
and northwestern Peru (provinces Tumbez, Piura and evidently also on
the east slope of the coast range in Prov. Cajamarca).b

*Sakesphoras bernardi cajamarcae (Hellmayr).* CAJAMARCA ANT

SHRIKE.

Hypolophus bernardi cajamarcae HELLMAYR, Verhandl. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13,
No. 2, Sept. 1917, p. 1 88 (Tembladera, Dept. Cajamarca [type]; Trujillo,
Guadalupa, Paucal, Dept. Libertad, w. Peru [excl. Callacate]).

• Sakesphorus bernardi piurae (CHAPMAN): "Intermediate between S. b. bernardi
and S. b. cajamarcae; nearer the latter, but on average smaller, with the brown areas
paler; the male with upper parts between brussels-brown and raw-umber, instead of
deep brownish auburn; the female deep Sudan-brown, rather than bright auburn
above, the rectrices without subterminal black markings, and with less suggestion of
blackish markings on breast; slightly larger than bernardi, the male with the back
brighter brown, the front and sides of the throat with more white; the female brighter
and deeper brown, the occiput more or less black, instead of largely or wholly Sanford's
brown. Wing 79^-85; tail 61-65 >£; bill 23-24." (Chapman, 1. c.)

b An adult female from Callacate agrees in size and extent of black on hind-crown
as well as in other characters, so well with another from Tumbez, that I have little
doubt the birds of the Upper Maranon should be referred to piurae. — C. E. H.

• Sakesphorus bernardi cajamarcae (HELLMAYR) : Differs from S. b. bernardi in
larger size, much darker rufous-brown upper parts, brighter cinnamon-brown edges

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 59

Thamnophilus bernardi baroni HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, No. 3,
Dec. 1917, p. 498 (Trujillo and Yonan River, Dept. Libertad, w. Peru).

Thamnophilus albinuchalis (not of SCLATER) TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, a,
1884, p. 14 (part; Guadalupa, Paucal, Dept. Libertad, w. Peru).

Range : Pacific slope of western Cordillera in depts. Cajamarca and
Libertad, western Peru.

i: Peru (Menocucho, Dept. Libertad).

*Sakesphorus melanonotus (Sclater). BLACK-BACKED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus melanonotus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 19, pi. 80
(Santa Marta; descr. cf ad.); idem, Edinb. New Phil. Journ., (n. s.), i, 1855,
p. 242 (Santa Marta); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 216 (Santa Marta);
idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862, p. 175 (Santa Marta); idem, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 205 (Santa Marta; San Esteban, Carabobo); BANGS, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, 1898, p. 138 (Santa Marta); ROBINSON and RICHMOND,
Proc. U. S. Mus., 24, 1901, p. 174 (La Guaira, n. Venezuela); ALLEN, Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 13, 1900, p. 161 (Bonda, Santa Marta); idem, 1. c.,
21, 1905, p. 289 (Bonda; descr. nest and eggs); HELLMAYR and SEILERN,
Archiv Naturg., 78, A., Heft 5, 1912, p. 120 (San Esteban).

Sakesphorus melanonotus TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 1922,
p. 316 (Bonda, Mamatoco, Santa Marta, La Tigrera, Fundaci6n, Tucurinca,
Santa Marta dist.).

Range: Littoral of Colombia (Santa Marta district, south to El
Guayabal, 1,000 feet alt., ten miles north of Cucuta, State of Santander),
and Venezuela in states of Falcon (Tucacas), Carabobo (San Esteban,
Las Trincheras) and Caracas (La Guaira).

2: Colombia (El Guayabal, Santander).*

Sakesphorus melanothorax (Sclater). b BLACK-THROATED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus melanothorax SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, 1857, p. 133 ("in
America meridionale," we suggest French Guiana; type in Brit. Mus. exam-
ined by C. E. H.; = 9); idem, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 210; idem, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 188 (descr. 9).

on wing coverts and remiges, and by having the forehead, and in the male sex also the
malar region, cheeks and upper throat much less variegated with white. Wing (c?)
84-88, ( 9) 85; tail 68-72; bill 20^-23.— C. E. H.

» These specimens agree perfectly with topotypes from Santa Marta. Birds
from Venezuela are not different either. The female differs from S. c. pulchellus
by rufous-brown (instead of black) tail; bright buff (instead of white) markings on
wing coverts, remiges and rectrices; by lacking the occipital crest and the cinnamon-
rufous pileum, the feathers of this part being dull black, very narrowly edged with
rufescent-brown; much darker back with a large, white interscapular patch, etc. —
C. E. H.

b Sakesphorus melanothorax (SCLATER): Male similar to 5. /. luctuosus (LiCHT.),
but lacks the occipital crest and differs, besides, by having white edges to the upper
wing coverts, much longer white tips to the rectrices, and by the white margin along

60 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnophilus moestus PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 141, Note i
(Cayenne; types in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.; = d" ad.).

Thamnophilus camopiensis MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, 1904, p. 175 (Cam-
opi, French Guiana; type in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.; = 9 ad.).

Myrmelastes melanothorax MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris,
(9th sen), 8, 1906, p. 33 (crit.; descr. cf, 9 ; French Guiana); BERLEPSCH,
Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 161 (Cayenne, Camopi).

Range: French Guiana (Cayenne, Camopi, Tamanoir, Mana River).

Sakesphorus luctuosus luctuosus (Lichtenstein). CRESTED ANT SHRIKE.

Lanius luctuosus LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., 1823, p. 47 ("Para,"
sc. Cametd, Rio Tocantins).

Lanius melas (Cuvier Ms.) PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, livr. 3, 1855, p. 328,
pi. 17, fig. i (= o") (locality unknown; type in Paris Museum examined by
C. E. H.).

Thamnophilus luctuosus SCLATER, Edinb. New Phil. Journ., (n. s.), i, 1855, p. 234
("Para" [ex LICHTENSTEIN]; descr. cf, 9 [excl. "e. Peru" ex TSCHUDI]);
SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 211 (descr. cf; "e. Peru," errore!);
SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1867, p. 575 (Rio Tocantins); PELZELN, Orn.
Bras., 2, 1868, p. 76 (Cara-raucu above Obidos; Tapajdz; Borba, Rio Madeira),
141 (descr. cf, 9 ex Borba; excl. TSCHUDI'S reference from Peru) ; ALLEN,
Bull. Essex Inst., 8, 1876, p. 80 (Lower Amazons); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 190 (Cara-raucu, Tapaj6z; descr. cf); RIKER and CHAP-
MAN, Auk, 8, 1891, p. 28 (Santarem; descr. 9); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith.,
SSi 1907, p. 283 (Monte Alegre, Cussary).

Myrmelastes luctuosus MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris*
(9th ser.), 8, 1906, p. 32 (crit. on type of L. melas PUCH.); JHERING and
JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 218 (Santarem); HELLMAYR, Nov.
Zool., 14, 1907, p. 17 (Urucurituba, Itaituba, R. Tapaj6z), 372 (Humaytha,
R. Madeira); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 509 (Goyana, Ilha do
Papagaio, Tapajoz), 531 (Arumatheua, Tocantins); idem, 1. c., 61, 1913,
p. 528 (haunts); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 306 (Ilha Pae Lourengo,
Arumatheua, Tocantins; Victoria, Fort Ambe', R. Xingu; Santa Julia,

the inner web of the remiges being barely indicated. Female very different and more
like that of Myrmeciza melanoceps (Spix) in coloration, but with the top of the
head bright ferruginous like the back instead of black. Wing (three o"cf) 81-84,
(three 99) 79-82; tail 70-72; tars. 23-25; bill 19-21.

5. melanothorax is undoubtedly congeneric with S. luctuosus, the style of colora-
tion being practically the same in the males of the two species, although S. melano-
thorax has a somewhat slenderer bill and less graduated tail, while the occipital
feathers are much less elongated. In these respects, it closely resembles 5. melan-
onotus. S. melanothorax, thus, occupies an intermediate position between 5. luctuosus
and the typical species, and I do not see my way of separating, genetically, the two
species with black-bellied females from Sakesphorus. They are, however, very
different from Myrmeciza (Myrmelastes) with which they were associated for some
time, having much shorter tarsi and toes, stouter, less compressed bill, much more
densely feathered forehead and lores, and the naked spaces behind and below the
eye much less extensive. — C. E. H.

1924- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 61

R. Iriri; Cussary; Goyana, Papagaio, Rio Tapaj6z; Boa Vista, Tucunare',
R. Jamauchim; Arumanduba, Monte Alegre, Rio Maecuru, Obidos, Rio
Jamunda (Far6) north bank of lower Amazon).

Myrmelastes luctuosus luctuosus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 353 (Cal-
ama, Jamarysinho, Rio Madeira).

Range: Lower Amazonia, from the Tocantins to the Rio Madeira
and its affluent, the Machados; on the north bank from the Rio Jary to
the Jamunda.

Sakesphorus luctuosus araguayae (Hellmayr).* ARAGUAY CRESTED
ANT SHRIKE.

Myrmdastes luctuosus araguayae HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 68 (Rio
Araguaya, Prov. Goyaz, c. Brazil).

Range : Rio Araguaya, interior of Goyaz, central Brazil.

Genus BIATAS Cabanis and Heine.

Biastes (not of PANZER, 1806) REICHENBACH, Handbuch Scans., 1853, p. 175
(type Ana bates nigropectus LAFRESNAYE).

Biatas CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 19 (new name for Biastes
REICHENBACH, preoccupied).

Biatas nigropectus (Lqfresnaye). BLACK-BREASTED ANT SHRIKE.

Anabates nigro-pectus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (and ser.), a, 1850, p. 107,
pi. i, fig. 3 (= of) ("in America meridionale" ; we suggest vicinity of Rio de
Janeiro as type locality).

Biastes nigropectus BURMEISTER, System. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 84 (Novo
Friburgo, Rio); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 74 (Ypanema, S. Paulo;
descr. 9).

Biatas nigropectus SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 215 (se. Brazil;
descr. cf, 9); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 1899, p. 238 (Piracicaba,
S. Paulo); idem, 1. c., 4, 1900, p. 158 (Cantagallo, Novo Friburgo).

Biastes nigripectus JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 201
(Conceicao dos Guarulhos, S. Paulo).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Rio de Janeiro to Santa Catha-
rina.b

• Sakesphorus luctuosus araguayae (HELLMAYR) : Differs from 5. /. luctuosus by
the much shorter white tips being restricted to the three lateral pairs of rectrices,
and by the rather broader white edges to the scapular feathers. Wing (c?) 79-82,
(9) 77-8i; tail (c?) 70-73, (9) 68-73; bill 19-21.

b The Munich Museum possesses an adult male obtained on May 5, 1910, in the
forests near Blumenau, Santa Catharina. — C. E. H.

62 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Genus THAMNOPHILUS Vieillot.

Thamnophilus VIEILLOT, Analyse d'une nouv. Ornith. 616m., 1816, p. 40 (type by

subs, desig., Gray, 1840, "Pie-grieche ray6e, de Cayenne" =Lanius doliatus

LINNAEUS).
Erionotus CABANIS and HEINE," Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 15 (type by subs, desig.,

SCLATER, 1890, Thamnophilus caerulescens VIEILLOT).
Rhopochares CABANIS and HEiNE,b Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 17 (type Tliamno-

philus torquatus SWAINSON).

*Thamnophilus doliatus doliatus (Linnaeus). WHITE-BARRED ANT
SHRIKE.

Lanius doliatus LINNAEUS, Mus. Ad. Frid., 2, Prodr., 1764, p. 12 (no locality
given; Surinam suggested by BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902,
P- ?o).

Lanius surinamensis SCHRANK, Abhandl. einer Privatgesellsch. Naturf. und
Okonomen in Oberdeutschland, i, 1792, p. 95, pi. 3 (=o" ad.) (Surinam);
F. A. A. MEYER, Zoolog. Annalen, i, 1794, p. 137 (latin translation).

Lanius ferrugineus (not of GMELIN, 1788) RICHARD and BERNARD, Act. Soc-
d'Hist. Nat. Paris, i (i), 1792, p. 911 ( = 116) (= 9) (Cayenne; coll. Le
Blond).

Lanius rubiginosus BECHSTEIN, Allgem. Ubers. Vogel, i, 1793, p. 696 (new name
for Lanius ferrugineus RICH, and BERN.); LATHAM, Ind. Ornith., Suppl.
1 80 1, p. xix (= 9 ; Cayenne).

Lanius ferruginatus G. C. REICH, Magazin des Thierr. (Erlangen), i, (3), 1795,
p. 129 (new name for Lanius ferrugineus RICH, and BERN.).

Thamnophilus doliatus CABANIS in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, 1848,
p. 687 (coast of Brit. Guiana); SCLATER, Edinb. New Phil. Journ., (n. s.),
!» J855, p. 235 (part; Brit. Guiana, Cayenne); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 26,
1858, p. 217 (part; Cayenne, Brit. Guiana, n. Brazil); BURMEISTER, Syst.
Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 98 (part); BONAPARTE, Bull. Soc. Linn. Nor-
mandie, 2, 1857, p. 34 (Cayenne); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867,
P- 575 (Maraj6); LAYARD, Ibis, 1873, p. 387 (Para) ; ALLEN, Bull. Essex Inst.,
8, 1876, p. 80 (Maraj6); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 424 (ex Schomburgk); SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 207 (part; Georgetown, Demerara, Brit.
Guiana; Cayenne; Maraj<5; Para); GOELDI, Ibis, 1897, p. 161 (Amapa);
MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, 1904, p. 175 (St. Georges d'Oyapoc,
Ouanary, Mahury, Mana, French Guiana); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15,
1908, p. 153 (Cayenne, Roche-Marie), 319 (localities ex MENEGAUX); SNETH-
LAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 283 (Amapa, Maraj6, Monte Alegre);
SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 273 (Castanhal near Para; Paco-
val, Sao Natal, Tuyuyu, Chaves, Maraj6 ; Amapa, Monte Alegre, Rio Jamundd
[Faro]); BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, i, 1917, p. 132 (Bartica Grove); CHUBB,
Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 12 (British Guiana).

• We find it impossible to separate Erionotus generically unless it be restricted
to the caerulescens-group, which would necessitate the recognition of several others
more or less ill-defined sections.

b We do not consider the slightly slenderer bill to be of sufficient importance to
separate this section generically from Thamnophilus.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 63

Thamnophilus doliatus doliatus HELLMAVR, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr.
Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 133 (Cachoeira, Isl. Maraj6); HARTERT and
GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, 1917, p. 497 (Surinam, Cayenne, Brit. Guiana);
BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, No. 2, 1918, p. 67 (Para-
maribo, Lelydorp, Surinam).

Thamnophilus capistratus (not of LESSON) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 78
(part; Obidos).

Thamnophilus radiatus (not of VIEILLOT) PELZELN, 1. c., p. 78 (part; Forte do
Rio Branco).

Thamnophilus nigricristatus difficilis (err.) HELLMAYR, Verhandl. Zool. Bot.
Gesells. Wien., 53, 1903, p. 216 (part; Obidos).

Range: French, Dutch and British Guiana, northern Brazil from the
upper Rio Branco and Amapa (on the Guianan border) south to the
north bank of the Amazon (Monte Alegre, Obidos), Marajo, and neigh-
borhood of Para (Castanhal).

6: British Guiana (Demerara R. 2, Georgetown i); Dutch Guiana
(Paramaribo 2); northern Brazil (Boa Vista, Rio Branco) i.

*Thamnophilus doliatus fraterculus Berlepsch and Hartert.3" VENE-
ZUELAN WHITE-BARRED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus doliatus fraterculus BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9,
1902, p. 70 (Altagracia [type], Caicara, Ciudad Bolivar, Rio Orinoco; Puerto
Cabello, Merida, Venezuela); HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78,
A., Heft 5, 1912, p. 120 (San Esteban); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci.
Bull., 2, 1916, p. 278 (Ciudad Bolivar; Caicara; nest and young descr.);
HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, 1917, p. 497 (crit.; Orinoco, San
Esteban, Mdrida, Tachira, Venezuela; Trinidad).

• Thamnophilus doliatus fraterculus BERLEPSCH and HARTERT may be character-
ized as a smaller form with shorter tail, and generally lighter under parts, resulting
from the reduction of the black markings in the male sex. The race, however, is a
very unsatisfactory one, and all of its characters are bridged over by individual varia-
tion. Males from the Guianas and Maraj6 have , as a rule, the white crown-patch more
extensive, though one or two do not differ in this respect from the average of frater-
culus, while, on the contrary, one from Caracas, two from Margarita, and the type
of heteroleucus (from Tocuyo, Lara) show quite as much white as the whitest-crowned
extreme from Guiana. I cannot detect any constant difference in the shape of the
white tail-markings, although it might be that in doliatus they never become so
spot-like as is the rule in fraterculus. The striping on the throat is subject to much
individual variation. It must be admitted, however, that not one in the consider-
able series of fraterculus has the throat so heavily streaked with black as the two
darkest males from Guiana (one from Cayenne, the other from Georgetown) ; whereas
in Venezuela one meets with numerous individuals having but narrow indistinct or
hardly any streaks on that part of the body. As to the pattern of the under parts,
birds from the Guianas and Maraj6 are fairly constant, having the black and white
bars of about equal width and extended down to the tail coverts. On the other
hand, fraterculus presents a striking amount of individual variation, the darkest
specimens (two from Tachira) being indistinguishable from the average of doliatus,
while the majority have decidedly less black underneath, the dark bars becoming
narrower or even evanescent on the middle of the abdomen and under tail coverts.
In arranging the material, according to the amount of black markings beneath, in
six groups: No. i denoting the darkest extreme with regularly barred under parts,
No. 6, the lightest with hardly any streaks on throat and nearly plain (unbarred)

64 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnophilus doliatus (not of LINNAEUS) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858,
p. 217 (part; Trinidad); TAYLOR, Ibis, 1864, p. 85 (Trinidad); LEOTAUD,
Ois. Trinidad, 1866, p. 264 (Trinidad); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 6, 1894, p. 50 (Princestown) ; ALLEN, 1. c., 4, 1892, p. 55 (Carupano,
ne. Venezuela); PHELPS, Auk, 14, 1897, p. 365 (Cumana, Cumanacoa, S. An-
tonio, Bermudez); ROBINSON and RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Mus., 18, 1895,
p. 673 (Margarita Isl.), 684 (La Guayra); idem, 1. c., 24, 1900, p. 174 (La
Guaira, S. Julian); CLARK, Auk, 19, 1902, p. 264 (Margarita Isl.); HELLMAYR,
Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 30 (Caparo, Seelet, Pointe Gourde, Laventille, Trini-
dad); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., i, 1906, p. 192 (Aripo); idem,

1. c., 2, 1908, p. 365 (Pointe Gourde [ = Carenage], Aripo, Trinidad); LOWE,
Ibis, 1907, p. 560 (Margarita Isl.); CORY, Field Mus. Publ., Orn. Ser., I,
1909, p. 247 (Margarita Isl.).

Thamnophilus doliatus doliatus (err.) CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull.,

2, 1916, p. 278 (Ciudad Bolivar, R. Orinoco); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 367 (Villavicencio, e. Colombia).

Thamnophilus doliatus catus BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 24, June 1911,
p. 189 (El Valle, Margarita Isl.); HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24,
1907, p. 497 (Cumana, Margarita Isl).

abdominal line, the others representing intermediate stages, the various localities
divide somewhat differently among the sections, as may be seen from the subjoined
tabula.

Section 123456

French Guiana 1311

British Guiana i i

Trinidad 1322

Margarita Isl. 4 2

Bermudez 5 i

Middle Orinoco (Ciudad Bolivar to Altagracia) i 51

Villavicencio, e. Colombia i 2

Coast region of nw. Venezuela 1472

Tocuyo, Lara i

Tachira, w. Venezuela 2 3

It will thus be seen that, while average specimens of doliatus and fraterculus,
falling into sections 3 and 4, are indistinguishable from each other, the former attains
a darker stage which never occurs in the range of fraterculus, and a large percentage
of the latter reaches a degree of whiteness unknown among Guianan birds.

I am unable to separate the Margarita Island race catus from fraterculus. It is
true, six males are very white beneath ; but two- thirds of my series from nw. Venezuela
(Carabobo, Caracas, Aragua, Tucacas) match them exactly, while among six from
the opposite coast of Bermudez (Cumand), only one is similar, the five remaining
ones being more heavily barred with black, like Orinocan-specimens (topotypical
fraterculus). The type of heteroleucus, from Tocuyo, s. Lara is again very white and
practically a duplicate of the lightest Margarita example, and the recognition of
catus (to which heteroleucus had to be united), would result in a geographical impossi-
bility. Birds from Margarita and Cumand have by no means smaller bills than
those from other parts of Venezuela. Trinidad birds are very difficult to allocate.
In size, they are intermediate between doliatus and fraterculus, but have the short
tail of the latter. According to the coloration of the underparts, half of the males are
like doliatus (groups i and 2), while the other half corresponds to the darker varieties
(groups 3 and 4) of the fraterculus series.

1924- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 65

Thamnophilus doliatus heteroleucus ToDD,Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 26, 1913, p. 172
(Tocuyo, Est. Lara, w. Venezuela; type in Carnegie Museum examined).

Range : Trinidad ; Venezuela, from Bermudez (Cumana and vicinity)
and Margarita Island, along the north coast to Tocuyo (Est. Lara)
and on the southern slope of the Andes to Merida and Tachira, and in
the Orinoco Valley from Ciudad Bolivar upwards; eastern Colombia
(Villavicencio, also found in native "Bogota"-collections).

33: Margarita Isl. 14; Venezuela (Cumana i; Caracas 9; Lake
Valencia 2; Maracay, Aragua 4; Colon, Tachira 3).

Thamnophilus doliatus tobagensis Hartert and Goodson.* TOBAGO
ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus doliatus tobagensis HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, 1917,
p. 497 (Tobago Isl.).

The females do not present any racial variation in color. The throat varies,
regardless of locality, from plain buff to heavily striped with blackish. Examined: 26
T. d. doliatus, 95 T. d. fraterculus.

MEASUREMENTS

ADULT MALES WING TAIL

Two from Maraj6, Brazil 74,79 61,62

Six from French Guiana 73,73/^,75,76,76,77 63,63,64,65,65,65^

Two from British Guiana 75,77 62,62 >£

Eight from Trinidad 70,71, 71^,72, 72, 74,74,75 59,59,59,60,60,60,60,60^

Six from Margarita 71,71,71,71, 74,75 56,59,59,59»6o,6o>£

Five from Bermudez 70,70,71,71,72 56,s8,58,58>£

Five from the middle Orinoco 73,73,74,74,75 58,59,59,60,61

Three from Villavicencio.Colombia 70,71,74 57,59,63 (!)

Four from Caracas 69,70,70 #,7i.# 57,58,60,62^ (!)

Four from Carabobo (S.Esteban) 68,71,72,72 58,59,61 #,62

Three from Lake of Valencia 70,71,72 57,60,60

OnefromElTrompillo, Carabobo 74 63 (!)

One from Falcon (Tucacas) 70 58

One from n. Lara (Aroa) 76 (!) 62 ^ (!)

One from s. Lara (Tocuyo) 74 (!) 64 # (!)

Three from Tachira 72,74,74^ 58,59,63 (!)

FEMALES

Four from French Guiana 72, 72 #,73, 73^ 62,62 #,65,65

One from Surinam 76 63

One from British Guiana 74 65

One from Rio Branco, n. Brazil 72 63

Six from Trinidad 67^,70,70^,71,72,73 56,56,57,58,58,59

Four from Margarita 67,71,72,73 55,56,56>£,57

One from Bermudez 71 59

Five from middle Orinoco 70,71,72,72,72 56,56,60,60,62

Two from Villavicencio, Colombia 74, 74 59,64 (!)

Three from Caracas 68,70,70 57,58,6o

Two from Falcon (Tucacas) 68,69 55,55

One from n. Lara (Aroa) 70 60

Two from s. Lara (Tocuyo) 70,72 61,64 (!)

One from Tachira 75 (!) 60 — C. E. H.

• Thamnophilus doliatus tobagensis HARTERT and GOODSON: Nearest to
T. d. fraterculus, but larger with stronger bill; male with much more white on fore-
head, and somewhat narrower black barring on lower parts; female rather lighter, more
cinnamon-rufous above; forehead decidedly buff; under parts averaging lighter

66 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnophilus doliatus (not of LINNAEUS) JARDINE, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 20,
1847, p. 321 (Tobago; habits) ; CORY, Auk, 10, 1893, p. 220 (Tobago) ; DALMAS,
Mem. Soc. Zool. France, 13, 1900, p. 141 (Tobago).

Range: Island of Tobago.
29: Tobago (22 o"o*, 7 99).

*Thamnophilus doliatus nigrescens Lawrence.* LAWRENCE'S BARRED
ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus nigrescens LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, May 1867,

p. 469 ("Venezuela"b; types in American Museum Nat. Hist, examined).
Thamnophilus bricenoi HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 220, pi. 4, left fig.

("Sabanetas de Estanques," 800 metr., "Andes of Merida," Venezuela;0 types

in Tring Museum examined).
Thamnophilus doliatus dearborni CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Sen,

i, May 1913, p. 290 (Encontrados, Zulia, lower Catatumbo River); idem,

1. c., Aug. 1916, p. 337 (crit.).

Range: Heavily forested region south of Lake Maracaibo, Zulia,
western Venezuela.

6: Venezuela (Encontrados 3, Catatumbo River 3).

ochraceous; throat always entirely unstreaked. Wing (o") 74-78, (9) 71-75;
tail 57-63; bill 19-20,^.

Males from Tobago are, as a rule, underneath whiter than the general run of
fraterculus, though they apparently never reach the whitest extreme oi fraterculus as
represented by some specimens from Margarita and the type of T. d. heteroleucus.
The striping of the throat is a variable character. — C. E. H.

'•Thamnophilus doliatus nigrescens LAWRENCE: Male differs from doliatus and
fraterculus by much darker under parts, the black stripes on the throat being much
broader, and the black cross-bands on breast and belly about twice as wide as the
white interspaces; besides, the white markings above are narrower, and there is less
white on front and sides of the head. Female on average more deeply colored above
and below, the female type of dearborni being particularly dark; but another from
Catatumbo River hardly differs from the average of Cayenne-females. Wing (four
o*c?) 70, 73, 75, 76, (four 9 9) 72, 73, 73, 78; tail 60-65; bill 18^-21. Although
quite distinguishable in a series, the variability of this bird clearly indicates that it
is merely a race of the doliatus-group. — C. E. H.

b The types of T. nigrescens LAWR., kindly forwarded by F. M. Chapman, were
obtained by a Mr. G. Robbins and passed into the collection of John Cassin of
Philadelphia, who presented them to Geo. N. Lawrence. Two specimens (Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 43,373 c?1; No. 43,337 9 juv.) are marked "Venezuela," the
third (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 43,372 tf1) — no doubt erroneously — "Demerara."
All three were evidently prepared by the same hand and unquestionably pertain to
the same form. The American Museum also possesses an adult male of Sakesphorus
canadensis pulchettus, labeled as having been collected by Geo. Robbins in "Ven-
ezuela," which agrees perfectly with examples of the "phainoleucus" '-phase from
the Maracaibo region. It appears, thus, more than probable that Lawrence's original
specimens came from this particular district. As a matter of fact, the types of
nigrescens are quite indistinguishable from those of T. d. dearborni. The late
C. B. Cory was misled to describe the Catatumbo-birds as new, by two males of frater-
culus from Tachira which had been wrongly referred to nigrescens. — C. E. H.

0 The type is practically identical with one of Lawrence's original examples to
which it was compared, and there can be no doubt whatever as to bricenoi being

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 67

Thamnophilus doliatus subradiatus Berlepsch.* WESTERN BARRED
ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus subradiatus BERLEPSCH, Journ. Ornith., 35, 1887, p. 17 ("Ober-
amazonas," the type from Iquitos, ne. Peru, examined in the Berlepsch
collection); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 273 (Cachoeira, Bom
Lugar, Monte Verde, Ponto Alegre, Rio Punis).

Thamnophilus doliatus (not of LINNAEUS) TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10, (i),
1844, P- 277 (Peru); idem, Faun. Per., Aves, 1846, p. 171 (Peru; spec, in
Mus. Neuchatel examined); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1858, p. 217 (part;
Rio Ucayali); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 19 (descr. o", 9;
Sarayacu, e. Peru).

Thamnophilus radiatus (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1866, p. 185 (Sarayacu, Ucayali; Nauta); idem, 1. c., 1867, p. 978 (Pebas);
idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 273 (Sarayacu, Nauta, Pebas); TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1874,
p. 529 (Monterico, Amable Maria); idem, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 20 (Sara-
yacu, Nauta, Pebas, Amable Maria, Monterico); SCLATER and SALVIN,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1876, p. 16 (Huiro, Maranura, se. Peru).

Thamnophilus nigricristatus (err.) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 209
(part, subsp. subradiatus, spec, o-q, Nauta, Sarayacu, Pebas, R. Ucayali,
R. Amazons).

(?) Thamnophilus radiatus nigricristatus (not of LAWRENCE) RIKER and CHAP-
MAN, Auk, 8, 1891, p. 28 (Santarem, R. Tapaj6z).

Thamnophilus nigricristatus subradiatus HELLMAVR, Verhandl. Zool. Bot. Ges.
Wien, 53, 1903, p. 217 (crit. ; Iquitos, Samiria, ne. Peru); BERLEPSCH and
STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, 1906, p. 93 (Santa Ana, Prov. Convencion); JHERING,
Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 438 (Rio Jurua; c?, 9 examined by C. E. H.);
idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 200 (Rio Jurud); HELLMAYR, Nov.
Zool., 14, 1907, p. 61 (Teff6, Rio Solimoes).

Thamnophilus doliatus subradiatus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 370
(Humaytha, Rio Madeira); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 342 (Calama, Marmellos
S. Isabel, Rio Preto, Rio Madeira district); HARTERT and GOODSON, 1. c.,
24, 1917, p. 497 (crit.); HELLMAYR, 1. c., 28, 1921, p. 195 (range).

Thamnophilus radiatus subradiatus CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Mus., No. 117, 1921,
p. 79 (Santa Ana, Chauillay, San Miguel Bridge, Urubamba region).

a synonym of nigrescens. I feel, however, rather uncertain about the locality
"Sabanetas de Estanques," a place that I have not been able to locate on any map.
If really in the "Andes of Merida," it will have to be looked for somewhere on the
northern slope of the range towards the south end of Lake Maracaibo, where
T. d. nigrescens evidently replaces the ordinary fraterculus. E. Hartert (in litt.)
states that the range of "doliatus" given by him (Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 220) as
extending to "the plains of Zulia" is incorrect, adding that he has never seen any
specimen from this province. — C. E. H.

• Thamnophilus doliatus subradiatus BERLEPSCH: The male bears a striking re-
semblance to T. d. nigricristatus LAWRENCE, in having the pileum quite or nearly
wholly black, and the under parts, posterior to the throat, regularly barred with
black and white down to the tail coverts, but is decidedly larger. Wing 74-77;
tail 62-66. From its geographical neighbor, T. d. radiatus, it is easily separable
by the much broader as well as more extensive black barring underneath. — C. E. H.

68 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnophilus variegaticeps BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN," P. Z. S. Lond., 1896,
p. 379 (La Merced, Chanchamayo, Dept. Junin; type in Berlepsch collec-
tion examined).

Thamnophilus nigricristatus variegaticeps HELLMAYR, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges.
Wien, 53, 1903, p. 217 (crit.).

Thamnophilus tadiatus variegaticeps BANGS and NOBLE, Auk, 35, 1918, p. 452
(Bella vista, R. Maranon; spec, examined).

Thamnophilus doliatus variegaticeps HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 195
(range).

Range: Amazonia, from eastern Peru (depts. Loreto, Amazonas,
Junin, Cuzco), to western Brazil (Rio Purus, Jurua, east to the Rio
Madeira (possibly to the Tapaj6z), north to Teffe, Rio Solimoes).

7: Peru (Moyobamba 4, Chanchamayo i, Rio Colorado, Chan-
chamayo 2).

Thamnophilus doliatus difficilis Hellmayr* GOYAZ BARRED ANT
SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus nigricristatus difficilis HELLMAYR, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien,
S3. I9Q3, p. 216 (Rio Claro [type], Rio Araguay, Goyaz, c. Brazil; excl. Obi-
dos); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 200 (part; Goyaz).

Thamnophilus capistratus (not of LESSON) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., a, Sept. 1868,
p. 78 (part; Rio Araguay and Rio Claro, Goyaz).

Thamnophilus doliatus difficilis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 68 (Rio
Araguaya, Goyaz; crit.); idem, 1. c., 28, 1921, p. 195 (Goyaz).

(?) Thamnophilus radiatus (not of VIEELLOT) REISER, Denkschr. math, naturw.
Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, 1910, p. 65 (Uniao and Queimadas, Rio Parnahyba,
Piauhy.

Range : Central Brazil, Prov. Goyaz (on the banks of the Rio Claro
and Araguaya); and apparently also in northern Piauhy (on the Rio
Parnahyba).8

• With more material for comparison, I find it impossible to maintain varie-
gaticeps as distinct. The white spotting at the base of the crown-feathers is indi-
vidually variable, and the white bands across the rectrices do not afford a better
character either. Some males from n. Peru have even more white on the crown than
the type from La Merced, while in several others from Chanchamayo the pileum is
entirely black without any white. — C. E. H.

b Thamnophilus doliatus difficilis HELLMAYR: Very similar to T. d. subradiatus,
of Upper Amazonia, but with weaker, slenderer bill ; males with forehead more densely
streaked with white, and ground color of under parts more purely white. Wing
74-80; tail 64-70.

c Otmar Reiser (in litt.) writes me that the specimens from the lower and middle
stretches of the Parnahyba, n. Piauhy, originally determined as T. radiatus, are
very different from this race. He believes them to be referable to subradiatus,
which is, however, hardly possible from geographical reasons, and I have little doubt
they rather belong to difficilis, found in the neighboring State of Goyaz. — C. E. H.

BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 69

*Thamnophilus doliatus radiatus Vieillot. AZARA'S BARRED ANT
SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus radiatus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 3, 1816,
p. 315 (based on "Batara listado" Azara, No. 212: Paraguay); SCLATER,
Edinb. New Phil. Journ., (n. s.), i, 1855, p. 237 (descr.); idem, P .Z. S. Lond.,
26, 1858, p. 218 (Paraguay; Yungas, Santa Cruz de la .Sierra, Chiquitos,
Moxos, Bolivia; descr. o71, 9); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 78 (Arica,
Estiva, Cuyaba, Matto Grosso); BERLEPSCH, Journ. Ornith., 1887, p. 17
(Lambarg, Paraguay); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 94
(Yungas, "Reyes" and "Falls of the Madeira", Bolivia); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 210 (Bolivia); KERR, Ibis, 1892, p. 132 (Fortin Page,
lower Pilcomayo); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5, 1893, p. 115 (Cha-
pada, Matto Grosso); SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 10, No. 208, 1895,
p. 13 (Paraguari, Colonia Risso, Paraguay; Corumba, Matto Grosso); idem,
1. c., 15, No. 378, 1900, p. 9 (Urucum, sw. Matto Grosso); KERR, Ibis, 1901,
p. 277 (Villa Concepcion, Paraguay); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires,
18, 1910, p. 284 (lower Pilcomayo); CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 520 (Sapucay,
Paraguay); GRANT, 1. c.f 1911, p. 136 (Boca de Homiguera, sw. Matto Grosso;
Cabo Emma, Paraguay); BERTONI, Faun. Parag., 1914, p. 51 (Asuncion);
MENEGAUX, Rev. Prang. d'Orn., No. 96, 1917, p. 55 (S. Luis de Caceres,
Matto Grosso).

Thamnophilus doliatus (not of LINNAEUS) D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. mend.,
Ois., 1838, p. 194 (Chulumani, Irupana, Yungas; Santa Cruz de la Sierra,
Chiquitos, Moxos, Bolivia; descr. c? ad., o" juv., 9 ; spec, in Paris Museum
examined); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 623 (ex D'Orbigny);
DARWIN, Zool. "Beagle," 3, 1839, p. 58 (Maldonado, Uruguay); JHERING,
Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 353 (part; 9, Avanhandava, n. Sao Paulo);
idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 199 (Avanhandava, S. Paulo; spec, exam-
ined).

Thamnophilus nigricristatus subsp. subradiatus (not of BERLEPSCH) SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 209 (part; spec, a', b', Chapada, Matto
Grosso).

Thamnophilus nigricristatus (not of LAWRENCE) JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 5,
1902, p. 274 (Jaboticabal, S. Paulo; spec, in Museu Paulista examined);
idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 200 (Jaboticabal).

Thamnophilus doliatus radiatus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 194 (Bolivia;
crit.), 195 (range).

Range: Paraguay; Bolivia; southwestern Brazil, in states of Matto
Grosso and in the northern districts of Sao Paulo (Jaboticabal, Avan-
handava).11

5: Brazil (Chapada, Matto Grosso 4), Bolivia (Todos Santos, Rio
Chapare* i).

• Its occurrence in Uruguay where Darwin secured a single example at Maldo-
nado is evidently quite exceptional.

70 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

*Thamnophilus doliatus capistratus Lesson.* EAST BRAZILIAN BARRED
ANT SHRIKE.

Tkamnophilus capistratus LESSON, b Rev. Zool., 3, 1840, p. 226 ("Bresil");
SCLATER, Edinb. New Phil. Journ., (n. s.), x, 1855, p. 236 (crit.) ; idem, P. Z. S.
Lond., 26, 1858, p. 218 (Brazil; descr. of d* only); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 209 (Bahia; "Rio de Janeiro"); HELLMAYR, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges.
Wien, 53, 1903, p. 217 (diagn. o"; Bahia); idem, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak.
Wiss., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 655 (crit.; Lamarao, Bahia; descr. 9); MENEGAUX
and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (9th ser.), 8, 1906, p. 27 (crit. on
9 , type of L. ruficeps PUCHERAN) ; REISER, Denkschr. math, naturw. Kl. Ak.
Wiss. Wien, 76, 1910, p. 65 (Lamarao, Bahia ;Facenda da Serra, Rio Grande,
nw. Bahia; Parnagua, Pedrinha, Lake of Parnagua, s. Piauhy).

Thamnophilus radiatus (not of VIEILLOT) SPIX, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 24, pi. 35,
fig- 2 ( = o"), pi. 38, fig. i ( = 9 ) ("in sylvis Brasiliae;" o" examined in Munich
Museum).

Thamnophilus doliatus (not of LINNAEUS) WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2),
1831, p. 995 ("Campos Geraes").

Lanius ruficeps (Cuvier Ms.) PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, livr. 3, 1855,
p. 332 ("Br6sil, coll. Aug. de Saint Hilaire"; type in Paris Museum exam-
ined; = 9 ad.).

Thamnophilus doliatus capistratus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 196 (range).

Range: Eastern Brazil, in states of Bahia, Ceara and southern
Piauhy (Lake of Parnagua).

6: Bahia (Macaco Secco near Andarahy) 5, Ceara i.

*Thamnophilus doliatus albicans Lafresnaye". COLOMBIAN BARRED
ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus albicans LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 7, 1844, p. 82 ("Bogota,"

Colombia); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 148 (Bogota) ; idem, Cat. B.

Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 210 (Bogota).
Thamnophilus radiatus albicans CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,

1917, p. 368 (Chicoral, Honda, Puerto Berrio, Malena, Nare, Magdalena

Valley).

• Thamnophilus doliatus capistratus LESSON: Male differs from all other doliatus-
races by having the white markings on the rectrices smaller and restricted to the
outer web, the median pair showing, sometimes, only a few tiny spots along the
inner vane; the middle line of the abdomen (unbarred) plain white as in T. a. albi-
cans. Female distinguishable by having narrow, discontinuous, but distinct dusky
crosslines on the breast, while the throat is more heavily striped with blackish than
even in doliatus. — C. E. H.

b Although Lesson's description is not very explicit, yet I think that "rectrices
laterales noires ray6es de blanc pur par petites et tres courtes bandelettes" suits the
e. Brazilian bird sufficiently well to allow his name to stand. — C. E. H.

0 Thamnophilus doliatus albicans LAFRESNAYE: Male closely resembling T. d.
radiatus, but black bars underneath narrower, and middle of abdomen including
under tail coverts plain (unbarred) white. Female hardly different from radiatus,
sometimes with indications of dusky striations across chest. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 71

Range: Restricted to the upper Magdalena Valley, Colombia; com-
mon in "Bogota"-collections.a

2: Colombia ("Bogota" i, Honda i).

Thamnophilus doliatus zarumae Chapman.* ECUADORIAN BARRED
ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus zarumae CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 18, Sept. 1921, p. 6
(Zaruma, Prov. del Oro, w. Ecuador).

Range : Southwestern Ecuador (provs. El Oro and Loja) and adjoin-
ing portion of Prov. Piura, northwestern Peru.

"Thamnophilus doliatus nigricristatus Lawrence. BLACK-CRESTED
ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus nigricristatus LAWRENCE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, p. 107
(Lion Hill, Panama Railroad); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 209
(part; Minas de Chorcha, Chiriqui; Chitra, Veragua; Panama; Santa Marta);
SALVIN and GOD MAN, Biol. Centrali-Americ., Aves, 2, Feb. 1892, p. 204
(part; Minas de Chorcha, Chiriqui; Chitra, Calovevora, Calobre, Veragua;
Paraiso Station, Lion Hill, Panama) ; THAYER and BANGS, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 46, 1905, p. 150 (San Miguel Isl.), 216 (Sabana de Panama).

Thamnophilus doliatus nigricristatus BANGS, Auk, 18, 1901, p. 30 (San Miguel
Isl.)

Thamnophilus doliatus (not of LINNAEUS) ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
13, 1900, p. 161 (Bonda); BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl.f 2, 1904, p. 24
(Lion Hill, Panama).

Thamnophilus radiatus nigricristatus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., No. 50, Part 5,
1911, p. 37 (monogr., synon., Chiriqui, Veragua, Panama, San Miguel Isl.;
Cartagena, Santa Marta, n. Colombia); STONE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1918, p. 260 (Tabernilla, Gatun, Panama); TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Car-
negie Mus., 14, 1922, p. 315 (Mamatoco, Fundacion, Dibulla, Tucurinca,
Loraa Larga, Santa Marta district).

Range : Panama (chiefly in the eastern parts0) and Caribbean coast
district of Colombia (Cartagena, Santa Marta region).

3: Panama (Balboa).

• The locality "Carthagena" given by Cabanis and Heine (Mus. Hein. 2, 1859,
p. 1 8) is no doubt a mistake, unless the bird be referable to nigricristatus.

b Thamnophilus doliatus zarumae CHAPMAN: Similar to T. d. albicans ,but with
shorter wings and smaller bill; male with flanks and under tail coverts bright buff,
black bars beneath narrower and restricted to chest; black streaks on throat less pro-
nounced; axillaries, under wing coverts and quill-lining buff (instead of pure white) ;
white striping on forehead more extensive. Female paler above and below. Wing
69 ; tail 67, 68 ; bill 1 7-18. Four specimens from the type locality examined. — C. E. H.

0 The black-crested Ant Shrike is the only form occurring in Veragua and along
the (former) Panama railroad, and while generally distinguishable by the broader
and more extensive black barring below, some males closely approach albicans, from

72 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnophilus doliatus pacificus Ridgway. PACIFIC ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus doliatus pacificus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, Oct. 1908,
p. 193 (Chinandega, Nicaragua); CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910,
p. 604 (Pacific lowlands and lower slopes of Costa Rica); RIDGWAY, Bull.
U. S. Mus., No. 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 43 (Pacific slope of Central America,
from w. Panama (Chiriqui) to Chiapas, se. Mexico; monogr., synon.).

Thamnophilus doliatus (not of LINNAEUS) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,

1890, p. 208 (part); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2,

1891, p. 202 (part); BANGS, Auk, 18, 1901, p. 366 (Divala, David .Chiriqui);
DEARBORN, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., i, 1907, p. 109 (part; San
Jos6, Esquintla; Lake Amatitlan, w. Guatemala); BANGS, Auk, 24, 1907,
p. 296 (Boruca, Paso Real, Lagarto, Barranca, Puntarenas, w. Costa Rica).

Range: Pacific slope of Central America from western Panama
(Chiriqui) through Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Guatemala to Chiapas,
eastern Mexico.

13: Nicaragua (San Geronimo, Chinandega) 10; Guatemala (Lake
Amatitlan i, San Jose", Esquintla i); Chiriqui i.

*Thamnophilus doliatus mexicanus Allen. MEXICAN ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus affinis (not of SPIX, 1825, nor of D'ORBIGNY and LAFRESNAYE,
1837) CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 17 (Xalapa, Vera Cruz).

Thamnophilus doliatus mexicanus ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889,
p. 151 (new name for Thamnophilus affinis, preoccupied); RIDGWAY, Bull.
U. S. Mus., No. 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 41 (monogr., synon.; e. Mexico in states
of Tamaulipas, Vera Cruz, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Oaxaca, Tabasco and
Chiapas; e. Nicaragua and e. Costa Rica).

Thamnophilus doliatus (not of LINNAEUS) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,

1890, p. 200 (part); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves 2,

1891, p. 202 (part); DEARBORN, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., i,
1907, p. 109 (part; Los Amates, e. Guatemala).

Thamnophilus intermedius RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 10, Aug. 1888, p. 581
(Truxillo, Honduras).

Range: Caribbean slope of Central America, from eastern Mexico
to eastern Costa Rica.

15: Mexico ("Mexico" i, Vall6s, San Luis Potosi i, Tampico, Tam-
aulipas 3) 5; Guatemala (Los Amates, Izabel 5, Vera Paz i, Chapulco i)
7; Nicaragua (San Emilis, Lake Nicaragua) 2; Costa Rica (Guayabo) i.

"Bogota" and the upper Magdalena Valley. In w. Panama (on the slopes of the
volcano of Chiriqui) T. d. pacificus, with the crown-feathers extensively white at
the base in the male sex is by far the predominating form; but I have seen a few,
notably a male from Minas de Chorcha and another from El Banco, Chiriqui, which
were hardly distinguishable from the black-crested nigricristatus, although slightly
intermediate in coloration between this and pacificus.- -C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 73

Thamnophilus doliatus yucatanensis Ridgway. YUCATAN ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus doliatus yucatanensis RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, Aug.
1908, p. 193 (Temax, Yucatan) ; idem, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 191 1, p. 44
(Yucatan; Meco, Cozumel Isl.; Campeche; monogr., synon.).

Thamnophilus doliatus (not of LINNAEUS) SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-
Americ., Aves, 2, 1891, p. 202 (part; Yucatan, Meco, Cozumel).

Range: Yucatan, including Meco and Cozumel islands, and Cam-
peche; possibly also arid coast belt of Tamaulipas.

*Thamnophilusmultistriatus Lafresnaye. BARRED-CRESTED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus multistriatus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 7, 1844, p. 82 ("Colombie,"
= Bogota) ; SCLATER, Edinb. New Philos. Journ., (n. s.), i, 1855, p. 238 (descr.
o", 9); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 219 (descr. <?, 9; Bogota);
WYATT, Ibis, 1871, p. 333 (Ocafia); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1879, p. 524 (Concordia, Medellin, Antioquia); BERLEPSCH, Journ, Ornith.,
32, 1884, p. 307 (Bucaramanga) ; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 211 ("Panama" and Colombia [Bogota, Medellin, Concordia]); STONE,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 306 (Antioquia); RIDGWAY, Bull.
U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 45 (Colombia); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 368 (Los Cisneros, Caldas, Salencio, Las Lomitas,
San Antonio, w. Andes; La Frijolera, Cali, Cauca Valley; Miraflores, Salento,
c. Andes; La Candela, head of Magdalena; Andalucia, Fusugasuga, western
slope of e. Andes).

Range : Subtropical zone of western and central, and west slope of
eastern Andes of Colombia."

5: Colombia (Amalfi, Antioquia 2, "Bogota" i, San Antonio i,
Palo Hueco near Pacho, Cundinamarca i).

Thamnophilus tenuepunctatus tenuepunctatus Lafresnaye. LINED ANT
SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus tenuepunctatus LAFRESNAYE,b Rev. and Mag. Zool., (2nd ser.),
5t 1853, p. 339 ("Anolaima in Colombia"8).

Thamnophilus tenuipunctatus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1858, p. 219 (Bogota;
= o"); BERLEPSCH, Zeitschr. ges. Ornith., 4, 1887, p. 185 (Bogota); SCLATER,

• There is no evidence of the species having ever occurred in Panama. Sclater's
"record" appears to be due to a mere pen-slip.

b Although Lafresnaye, in his original description, makes the misleading state-
ment: "remigibus atris, vexillo interno tantummodo maculis triangularibus, latioribus
albis marginato," Mr. Outram Bangs (in litt.) tells me that the type (now Mus.
Comp. Zool., No. 76,751) has distinct, though small white spots on the outer web
as well.— C. E. H.

e I cannot help thinking that there is some mistake regarding the locality, since
T. t. tenuepunctatus, otherwise, has only been found on the eastern slope of the
e. Andes, while on the west slope, T. multistriatus appears to take its place. — C. E. H.

74 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 211 (part; Bogotd, Colombia); CHAPMAN,
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 368 (Villa vicencio, e. slope of
e. Andes).

Range : Eastern Andes of Colombia.

Thamnophilus tenuepunctatus tenuifasciatus Lawrence.* LAWRENCE'S
LINED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus tenuifasciatus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, 1867,
p. 468 (Rio Napo, Ecuador; type in Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, examined); CHAP-
MAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 368 in text (crit. on type).

Thamnophilus doliatus ? SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1858, p. 457 (Zamora, e. Ecua-
dor; specimen examined); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 175 (part;
spec, d, Zamora).

Thamnophilus tenuipunctatus ? TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1885, p. 99 (Mapoto, e. Ecuador); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 211 (part; specimen i, j, Zamora, Jima, e. Ecuador).

Thamnophilus puncticeps SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 212 (part;
specimen d, Sarayacu, e. Ecuador).

Thamnophilus berlepschi (nee TACZANOWSKI) SALVADOR: and FESTA, Boll. Mus.
Torino, 15, No. 362, 1899, P- 28 (Gualaquiza, Zamora, e. Ecuador; speci-
mens examined).

Range: Eastern Ecuador (Zamora, Gualaquiza, Mapoto, Jima,
Sarayacu).

Thamnophilus tenuepunctatus berlepschi Taczanowski* BERLEPSCH'S
LINED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus berlepschi TACZANOWSKI, Ornith. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 22 (Huambo,
Chirimoto, n. Peru); MENEGAUX, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., i, No. 20, Dec. 1910,
p. 321 (Nuevo Loreto, Rio Mixiollo, Huallaga).

• Thamnophilus tenuepunctatus tenuifasciatus: Differs, in the male sex, from
T. t. tenuepunctatus of Colombia, by having the white cross-lines on back, upper
wing coverts and secondaries decidedly broader (about imm. wide) as well as more
regular, and the forehead more densely striped with white. Besides, the rectrices,
instead of being marked with some isolated small marginal spots, have on either
web a number of distinct white cross-bars separated from one another along the
shaft by a black interspace, from two to four millimetres wide; the black and white
bands on the under parts are nearly of equal width, while in T. t. tenuepunctatus,
the black bands are two or three times as broad as the white ones. Five adult males
•from Zamora and Gualaquiza were compared with five males from "Bogota" and
three from Villavicencio. The type of T. tenuifasciatus is a young male molting
from the juvenile livery with rufous-edged wings into the black-and-white plumage
of the adult. The female of T. t. tenuifasciatus (two from Zamora examined) is very
similar to that of T. multistriatus, but more heavily marked with black on sides of
head and throat, and more broadly barred with black on breast and belly. — C. E.H.

b Thamnophilus tenuepunctatus berlepschi: Two males from Huayabamba and
Nuevo Loreto, the only ones I have seen, differ from T. t. tenuifasciatus of Ecuador,
by the white cross-lines on the back, secondaries and tail being continuous, not inter-
rupted in the middle; underneath, the two races are perfectly alike. A female is

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 75

Thamnophilus tenuipunctatus (not of LAFRESNAYE) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1882, p. 29 (Chirimoto, Huambo); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 211 (part; specimens from Chirimoto and Huayapampa, Peru).

Thamnophilus tenuifasciatus (not of Lawrence) TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6rou, 2,
1884, p. 21 (i o" ad. Moyobamba, Peru).

Range: Northern Peru, in depts. Amazonas and Loreto.

i: Peru (Poco Tambo, near Ucho, 40 miles east of Chachapoyas).

*Thamnophilus palliatus (Lichtenstein). CHESTNUT-BACKED ANT
SHRIKE.

Lanius palliatus LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., 1823, p. 46 (Bahia,
e. Brazil).

Thamnophilus palliatus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831, p. 1010 (se.
Brazil); LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2,
p. ii (Chiquitos, e. Bolivia); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage AmeY. m6rid., Ois., 1838,
p. 174 (Guarayos, e. Bolivia); BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856,
p. 99 (Aldea da Pedra, Rio de Janeiro) ; SCLATER, Edinb. New Phil. Journ.,
(n. s.), i, 1855, p. 239 (diagn., range); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 1858, p. 219
(diagn., range); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 78 (Rio de Janeiro,
Registo do Sai, Sapitiba, Rio; Para; Engenho do Capt. Gama, w. Matto
Grosso); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 576 (Pard); Layard,
Ibis, 1873, p. 386 (Para); EULER, Journ. Ornith., 1868, p. 159 (Cantagallo;
breeding habits); CABANIS, 1. c., 1874, p. 86 (Cantagallo); TACZANOWSKI,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 53° (Amable Maria, S. Bartolome1, Auquimarqua,
Peru); SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1879, p. 623 (Tilotilo, Consati, Bolivia);
FORBES, Ibis, 1881, p. 347 (Parahyba; Macuca, Garanhuns, Pernambuco);
TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, a, 1884, p. 17 (Peru); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 212 (Para, Pernambuco, Bahia, Novo Friburgo, Brazil);
JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, 1900, p. 158 (Cantagallo; Novo Friburgo);
HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 366 (San Antonio do Prata, Para);
SNETHLAGE, Joum. Ornith., 1907, p. 283 (Rio Moju, Pard, Prata, Ourem);
idem, 1. c., 1908, p. 510 (Villa Braga, Tapaj6z) ; JHERING and JHERING, Cat.
Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 201 (Bahia; Rio Doce, Esp. Santo); SNETHLAGE,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 273 (Pard, Quati-puru, S. Antonio do Prata,
Braganca; Rio Guamd; Rio Moju; R. Tocantins [Baiao]; R. Tapaj6z [Villa
Braga]); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 201 (e. Bolivia; crit.).

Thamnophilus palliatus palliatus HELLMAYR, Abhandl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., math,
phys. Kl., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 92 (Para-localities).

Thamnophilus lineatus( not of VIEILLOT, 1816) SPIX, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 24,
pl- 33i fig- * (o" ), 2(9) (no locality); see HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr.
Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3* 1906, p. 655 (crit.; =T. palliatus); TSCHUDI, Faun.
Peru., Aves, 1846, p. 171 (Peru).

Thamnophilus fasciatus SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., 2, No. 5, April, 1825, p. 88
(Urup€, Bahia).

more broadly barred with black below than those from Ecuador, and I am unable
to distinguish it from that of T. palliatus. The white spotting of the crown which
induced Taczanowski to admit two species in Peru, is a variable character as shown
by the series of males from Ecuador. — C. E. H.

76 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Lanius vestitus LESSON, Traitd d'Ornith., livr. 5, end of 1830, p. 375 (new name

for Thamnophilus lineatus SPIX, pi. 33: "Brdsil"); PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus.

Paris, 7, livr. 3, 1855, p. 328 (Bresil; type examined by C. E. H. in Paris

Museum; «= d").
Thamnophilus badius SWAINSON, Ornith. Drawings, Part 5, 1840 (?), pi. 65 ( = cf) ;

Part 6, 1841, pi. 66 (= 9).
Thamnophilus puncticeps SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 212

(part; types from Tilotilo and Consati, Yungas of La Paz, Bolivia).
Thamnophilus palliatus puncticeps BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond,.

1896, p. 380 (Garita del Sol, Peru); idem, Ornis, 13, 1906, p. 116 (Huayna-

pata, se. Peru).

Range: Eastern Brazil, from Rio de Janeiro and Espirito Santo
north to Para, west to the Tapaj6z; Matto Grosso ; eastern and northern
Bolivia; central and southeastern Peru (depts. Junin, Huanuco and
Cuzco).a

12: Peru (Chinchao 3, Huachipa 3, Vista Alegre 4), Brazil (Tury-
assu, Maranhao 2).

Thamnophilus nigriceps Sclater.b TURBO ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus nigriceps SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., "1868," Part 4, publ. April
1869, p. 571 ("Bogota"; the type examined by C. E. H. in the British Museum
is certainly not a "Bogota" skin, its "make" being more like the skins sent

• Having now examined a satisfactory series of fifteen specimens from Peru and
Bolivia, I fail to see how T. puncticeps can be separated, even subspecifically, from
T. palliatus, of Brazil. The coloration of the head in the male is extremely vari-
able individually, birds with nearly uniform black pileum and others with more or
less white spotting being found alike in the Andean districts and in Brazil. The
rufescent wash on the flanks is not a reliable character either, though it must be
admitted that some Peruvian birds have more rufous than any from Brazil; yet the
majority from the west are not distinguishable on this score from typical palliatus.
Peruvian birds possibly average slightly larger.

Adult males from various localities measure as follows:

Seven from Bahia, wing, 72, 73, 73, 73, 74, 74, 75; tail, 61, 63, 66, 66, 68, 68.

One from Espirito Santo, wing, 74; tail, 65.

One from Mojos, e. Bolivia, wing, 72; tail, 64.

One from Tilotilo, n. Bolivia, wing, 72 ; tail, 64^.

Two from Huachipa, Peru, wing, 73, 77; tail, 66, 70.

One from Chinchao, Peru, wing, 79; tail, 75.

Two from Vista Alegre, wing, 75, 75^; tail, 66, 70.

One from Chanchamayo, wing, 79; tail, 74.

b Thamnophilus nigriceps SCLATER: The adult male is dull black, slightly more
sooty on the flanks; under wing coverts mostly white, more or less edged and spotted
with blackish; no trace of a white interscapular patch. Wing 74-78; tail 63-66; bill
17^-19- In proportions of wing and tail, it agrees with T. bridgesi which it also
resembles in the black general coloration, but may be distinguished by lacking the
white apical spots on the upper wing coverts and lateral rectrices as well as the white
inner margin to the quills, while the under parts are of a deeper, less slaty-black. The
style of coloration in the female sex, notably the light striping on top and sides of
the head, throat and chest is another irrefutable sign of the near relationship of the
two birds. In view of these facts, I cannot possibly separate T. bridgesi as a
different genus (Abalius), merely on account of its much larger bill. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 77

from n. Colombia (Baranquilla) ; = 9 ad.); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 194, pi. 12 ( = 9 ) ("Bogota") ; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
36, 1917, p. 365 (crit., male descr.; Atrato River; Iguamiando, upper Atrato;
Algodonal, Puerto Berrio, Malena, west of Honda, lower Magdalena; El Real,
Tapaliza, e. Panama); TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 1922,
p. 314 (Tucurinca, Terras Nuevas, Trojas de Cataca, Fundaci6n, west edge
of Santa Marta distr.).

ThamnophUus virgatus LAWRENCE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 22, "1868," publ.
April 27, 1869, p. 361 (Turbo, e. side of Gulf of Uraba) ; SALVIN and GODMAN,
Biol. Centrali-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 199 (Turbo).

ThamnophUus virgatus virgatus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911,
p. 46 (Turbo).

ThamnophUus sp., CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 189, No. 87
(Turbo; two females).

Range: Tropical zone of eastern Panama (El Real and Tapaliza
in Darien) and northern Colombia, from the Atrato River east to the
western edge of the Santa Marta region (Tucurinca, Terras Nuevas,
Trojas de Cataca, Fundaci6n) and down the Magdalena River so far
south as Honda.'

*Thamnophilus bridges! Sclater. BRIDGES'S ANT SHRIKE.

ThamnophUus bridgesi SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, Aug., 1856, p. 141 (David,
Chiriqui, w. Panama; descr. 9); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 194
(Bugaba, Mina de Chorcha, Chiriqui); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-
Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 199, pi. 49, fig. 2 (= 9) (Costa Rica, Chiriqui);
CHERRIE, Auk, 10, 1893, p. 279 (crit.; sexual difference, habits; Costa Rica);
BANGS, Auk, 24, 1907, p. 296 (sw. Costa Rica); CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie
Mus., 6, 1910, p. 601 (w. Costa Rica).

Abalius bridgesi RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 25 (sw. Costa
Rica and w. Panama).

ThamnophUus punctatus (not Lanius punctatus SHAW 1809) CABANIS, Journ.
Ornith., 9, 1861, p. 241 (Costa Rica; = o*); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 191 (Costa Rica; Bugaba, Mina de Chorcha, Chiriqui); SALVIN
and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 198, pi. 49, fig. i (= cf)
(Costa Rica, Chiriqui).

Range: Southwestern Costa Rica and western Panama (Chiriqui).

7: Costa Rica (Boruca i, Lagarto 3, Pozo Azul i), Panama (Chi-
riqui 2).

• Specimens from El Tambor, Rio Lebrija, n. Santander, kindly loaned by
Mr. W. E. C. Todd, indicate the probable existence of a slightly different race in the
Magdalena Valley. Its correct name can be decided only by a careful reexamination
of the type in the British Museum. — C. E. H.

78 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnophilus nigrocinereus* nigrocinereus Sclater. SCLATER'S CIN-
EREOUS ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus nigro-cinereus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, April 1855, p. 19,
pi. 81 ("Pard"=Rio Tocantins, Est. Para); idem, Edinb. New Phil.
Journ., (n. s.), i, 1855, p. 246 (diag. cf, 9 ; "Para"); idem, P. Z. S. Lond.,
26, 1858, p. 212 ("Para"; diag. o", 9); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862,
p. 173 (Brazil) ; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 575 (Rio Tocan-
tins, Mexiana) ; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 194 (Rio Tocantins,
Mexiana, "Pard"); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 197
("Pard," Tocantins); HAGMANN, Zool. Jahrb., (Syst.), 26, No. i, 1907, p. 33
(Mexiana); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 283 (Mexiana, Maraj6;
"Pard" = Ilha das Oncas); idem, 1. c., 56, 1908, p. 538 (Rio Tocantins);
idem, 1. c., 61, 1913, p. 528 (habits; Maraj6, Mexiana, islands in delta of
Amazons and lower Tocantins; high campos near Monte Alegre); idem, Bol.
Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 269 (Ilha das Oncas, Tocantins (Ilha Itaiuna),
Maraj6 (S. Natal), Mexiana; Arumanduba, Monte Alegre).

Thamnophilus nigrocinereus nigrocinereus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910,
P- 337 ("Pard," R. Tocantins, Mexiana, Maraj6, Monte Alegre; crit., descr.
o", 9); idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2,
1912, p. 113, 120 (Mexiana; variation, range).

Thamnophilus sp.? SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 575 ("Ama-
zons").

Thamnophilus cinereo-niger (not of PELZELN) SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55,
1907, P- 283 (Maraj6, Monte Alegre; spec, in Museu Goeldi examined
by C. E. H.).

Range: Northern Brazil, north bank of lower Amazon (Aruman-
duba, Monte Alegre), islands in the delta of the Amazon (Ilha das
Oncas, Maraj6, Mexiana) and inlets of lower Tocantins.

• Key to the races of Thamnophilus nigrocinereus.
A — Back sooty gray or black, under parts slate-gray or black (adult males).

a — Entire back (except white dorsal patch) black . . . T. nigrocinereus tschudii.
b — Lower back and rump slate-gray.

a' — Top and sides of head as well as mantle deep sooty black, with silky
gloss; under parts darker slate-gray.
i — Throat darker than breast, frequently sooty black; lower tail coverts

uniform slate-gray T. nigrocinereus nigrocinereus.

2 — Throat slate-gray like abdomen; lower tail coverts broadly tipped

with white T. nigrocinereus huberi.

b' — Top of head dull blackish, mantle sooty gray, clouded with blackish;
sides of head sooty gray; under parts lighter slate-gray, lower tail coverts

tipped with white T. nigrocinereus cinereoniger.

B — Back olive or rufous brown; under parts ferruginous or rufous brown (females).

a — Throat sooty black, back chestnut brown T. nigrocinereus tschudii.

b — Throat ferruginous like remaining under parts.

a' — Crown sooty black, sides of head duller blackish.

i — Back olive brown, tail dusky T. nigrocinereus nigrocinereus.

2 — Back warm rufescent brown; tail dull rufous brown

T. nigrocinereus huberi.

b' — Crown and sides of head slate-gray.

i — Back warm rufescent brown; wings and tail bright rufous brown

T. nigrocinereus cinereoniger.

2 — Back grayish olive; wings and tail brownish olive

T. nigrocinereus kulczynskii.

1924- BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 79

Thamnophilus nigrocinereus huberi Snethlage.* HUBER'S CINEREOUS

ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus huberi SNETHLAGE, Ornith. Monatsber., 15, Oct. 1907, p. 161
(Ilha de Goyana, Rio Tapaj6z; types in Museu Goeldi examined by
C. E. H.); idem, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 509 (same locality); idem, 1. c.f
61, 1913, p. 528 (Lower Tapaj6z); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 270
(Goyana, Rio Tapaj6z).

Thamnophilus nigrocinereus huberi HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 338
(Santarem, Ilha Goyana, Rio Tapaj6z; crit., diag. o", 9).

Thamnophilus cinereo-niger PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 76 (part, Tapaj6z;
spec, in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.) ; CHAPMAN and RIKER, Auk,
8, 1891, p. 28 (Santarem); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907,
p. 197 (part; Tapaj6z).

Range: Northern Brazil, banks and islands of the Rio Tapaj6z.

Thamnophilus nigrocinereus cinereoniger Peheln. PELZELN'S CINER-
EOUS ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus cinereoniger PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 76, 143 (above
Ayrao, near Villa de Moura, Marabitanas, Rio Negro; Rio Vaup6s; Rio
Amajau; type from Rio Amajau, No. 16,573 in Vienna Museum examined
by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 193 (part; Rio
Amajau, Rio Negro); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 69
(Altagracia, Munduapo, Maipures, Rio Orinoco, Venezuela); JHERING and
JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 197 (part; Rio Negro, Venezuela);
SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 269 (part; Rio Negro); CHERRIE,
Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 276 (Altagracia [rare], common
beyond the second falls of Maipures, R. Orinoco).

Thamnophilus nigrocinereus cinereoniger HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910,
p. 338 (Rio Negro, from Ayrao upwards; Altagracia, Maipures, Munduapo,
R. Orinoco).

Range: Northwestern Brazil, on the Rio Negro (from Ayrao up-
wards), and southern Venezuela, on the upper stretches of the Orinoco
(from Altagracia upwards).

Thamnophilus nigrocinereus kulczynskii (Domaniewski and Stolz-

mann).b KULCZYNSKI'S CINEREOUS ANT SHRIKE.
Myrmelastes kulczynskii DOMANIEWSKI and STOLZMANN, Discipl. Biol. Archiv.
Soc. Scient. Varsav., i, No. 8, 1922, p. — (Sep. p. 2) (Ouassa, French Guiana;
descr. 9 ).

• Thamnophilus nigrocinereus huberi SNETHLAGE: Male agreeing with T. n. nigro-
cinereus in sooty black crown and upper back, and dull black sides of head, but
differs by having the throat slate-gray like remainder of under parts, and the under
tail coverts broadly edged with white. Female also distinguishable by its sooty black
pileum, darker gray sides of head, and the deeper rufous brown edges to the upper
wing coverts, remiges and rectrices. Wing (o*) 82, (9) 78^-80; tail (o") 67,
(9) 62-64; bill 20-21.— C. E. H.

b Thamnophilus nigrocinereus kulczynskii (DoMAN. and STOLZM.): Female similar
to T. n. cinereoniger, from the Rio Negro and upper Orinoco, in having the pileum

8o FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnophilus cinereoniger (not of PELZELN) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 193 (part; Oyapoc, Cayenne); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908,
p. 151 (Oyapoc).

Range: French Guiana (Ouassa, Oyapoc).

Thamnophilus nigrocinereus tschudii Pelzeln. TSCHUDI'S ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus tschudii PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 76, 141 (Borba,
Rio Madeira; types in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 191 (Borba; Iquitos, ne. Peru); JHERING and
JEERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 196 (Borba; Peru); SNETHLAGE,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 270 (Rio Madeira; ne. Peru).

Thamnophilus nigrocinereus tschudii HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 337
(Borba), 339 (Borba, Rio Madeira; Nauta, Iquitos, R. Marafion, ne. Peru;
crit., diag. cf, 9 ).

Range: Upper Amazonia, Borba, Rio Madeira, northern Brazil;
Nauta, Iquitos, R. Marafion, northeastern Peru.

Thamnophilus aethiops aethiops Sclater. WHITE-SHOULDERED ANT
SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus aethiops SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 65 (Rio Napo,
e. Ecuador; descr. o", 9), 212 (same locality), 457 (Zamora, e. Ecuador);
idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 173 (Rio Napo); idem, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 190, pi. ii (fig. d% 9) (Rio Napo, Sarayacu, e. Ecuador);
SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899, p. 27
(Zamora); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 64 (Coca, upper Napo; spec, in
Tring Museum examined); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 339 (e. Ecu-
ador).

Thamnophilus aethiops aethiops HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 340 (diagn.
o", 9 ; Coca, upper Napo; Sarayacu, Zamora, e. Ecuador).

Range: Eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo, Sarayacu, Zamora).

Thamnophilus aethiops occidentalis Chapman* CHAPMAN'S ANT
SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus aethiops occidentalis CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 86,
Aug. 1923, p. 2 (Cocal, w. Andes of Colombia; type in Amer. Mus. of Nat.
Hist, examined).

Range: Western Andes of Colombia.

sooty gray, but back and edges to quills and rectrices dull grayish or brownish olive
instead of warm rufescent brown. Wing 80; tail 60. A single female from Oyapoc,
French Guiana, which I have examined in the British Museum, is evidently referable
to this newly described form of which the male is unknown. — C. E. H.

• Thamnophilus aethiops occidentalis CHAPMAN: Male similar to T. a. aethiops,
but upper parts, throat and foreneck duller, sooty black rather than jet black,
and with distinct, through small white apical spots to the wing coverts. Wing 73;
tail 58; bill 1 8. Female unknown. — C. E. H.

1 924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 81

Thamnophilus aethiops polionotus Pelzeln* NATTERER'S ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus polionotus PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 77, 147 (Mara-
bitanas [type] and Barcellos, Rio Negro, Brazil; type in Vienna Museum
examined); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 339 (crit.; Marabitanas,
Barcellos, Rio Negro; Nicare, La Pricion, Caura R., Venezuela; "Oyapoc,"
French Guiana); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 197
(range ex HELLMAYR); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 151 ("Oyapoc,"
French Guiana); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 275
(La Pricion, Nicare, Caura R.); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914,
p. 270 (range; excl. Rio Madeira).

Thamnophilus aethiops polionotus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1900, p. 339, 340
(diagn. d\ 9; Venezuela [Caura R.]; Rio Negro; "Oyapoc," French Guiana;
excl. Humaytha).

Thamnophilus tristis SCLATER and SALVIN, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., 1873, p. 160
("Oyapoc," French Guiana; type [cf] in British Museum examined by
C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 195 ("Oyapoc," French
Guiana); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 338 (crit.; = T. polionotus
PELZELN).

Thamnophilus sp. inc., BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 69
(La Pricion, Nicare, Caura River; spec, in Tring Museum examined by
C. E. H.).

Range: Northwestern Brazil (Marabitanas and Barcellos, on the
Rio Negro) and eastern Venezuela (La Union and Nicare, Caura
River). »

*Thamnophilus aethiops kapouni Seilern.' SEILERN'S ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus aethiops kapouni SEILERN, Verhandl. Orn. Ges. Bayern, n, Heft 4,
Dec. 1913, p. 277 (Yahuarmayo, Carabaya, se. Peru; type in Museum Seilern
examined); HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 83 (Yahuar-
mayo, San Gaban, Carabaya; Chuchurras near Pozuzo, Dept. Huanuco,
Peru; San Mateo, n. Bolivia).

• Thamnophilus aethiops polionotus PELZELN: Male differs from T. a, aethiops by
plumbeous (instead of deep black) general coloration, with the cap only blackish,
and by having well-defined though small white apical spots to all of the upper wing
coverts Female distinguishable by lighter rufous (instead of chestnut) brown col-
oration and rufous brown (not blackish) rectrices. o", wing 73-76; tail 59-61;
9, wing 72-75; tail 58-64.— C. E. H.

b The locality "Oyapoc, Cayenne" given for the type of T. tristis on the author-
ity of Madame Verdey, a natural history dealer of Paris requires confirmation.
A specimen in male plumage, said to be from "Pernambuco" (through a certain
Mr. Craven, 1885) in the British Museum differs in various respects and does not
appear to belong to T a. polionotus. The occurrence of any member of this group
in e. Brazil is altogether unlikely. — C. E. H.

8 Thamnophilus aethiops kapouni SEILERN: Male differs from T. a, polionotus in
darker, deep slaty plumage and by lacking the white apical spots to the median and
greater upper wing coverts; female hardly distinguishable by its slightly darker
rufescent brown flanks, d" (three), wing 73-76; tail 60-62; bill i7#-i8>£; 9 (four),
wing 73-76; tail 56-58; bill ijyt-ig. — C. E. H.

82 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Range : Central and southeastern Peru in depts. of Huanuco and
northern portion of Puno (north slope of Sierra de Carabaya) ; northern
Bolivia (San Mateo).

4: Peru (Huachipa).

Thamnophilus aethiops juruanus Jhering* JHERING'S ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus juruanus JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paulista, 6, May 1905, p. 439,
pi. 16, fig. i (c?) (Rio Jurua, w. Brazil; type in Museu Paulista examined
by C. E. H.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 339 (Rio Jurua); JHERING
and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 197 (Rio Jurua).

Thamnophilus aethiops juruanus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 340 (Rio
Jurua; Monte Verde, Rio Punis; diagn. d").

Thamnophilus iuruanus SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 15 (Monte
Verde, Rio Punis; one c? in Museu Goeldi examined by C. E. H.); idem,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 271 (Monte Verde, Rio Punis; diag. d").

Range : Western Brazil, on the banks of the rivers Jurua and Purus.

Thamnophilus aethiops punctuliger Pelzeln.b DOTTED ANT SHRIKE.
Thamnophilus punctuliger PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 77, 146 (Borba,

Rio Madeira; descr. cf, type in Vienna Museum examined); HELLMAYR,

Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 339 (crit.); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz.,

i, 1907, p. 197 (Borba); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, 1908, p. 509 (Villa

Braga, Rio Tapaj6z); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 270 (Villa Braga);

idem, Journ. Orn., 61, 1913, p. 509 (ranging east to the Xingu).
Thamnophilus aethiops punctuliger HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 339

(Calama, Allianca, Maroins, Rio Madeira), 341 (diag. cf, 9 ; Rio Madeira,

Villa Braga, Rio Tapajdz).
Thamnophilus simplex (not of SCLATER) CHAPMAN and RIKER, Auk, 8, 1891,

p. 28 (Santarem, Rio Tapaj<5z).
Thamnophilus polionotus (not of PELZELN) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907,

p. 369 (Humaytha).

Thamnophilus aethiops polionotus (err.) idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 339 (Humaytha).
Thamnophilus incertus (not of PELZELN) SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8,

1914, p. 271 (part; Villa Braga, Tapajdz; Victoria, Rio Xingu).

Range: Brazilian Amazonia, from the Rio Madeira and northern
Matto Grosso (Morinho Lyra) east to the Xingu.0

• Thamnophilus aethiops juruanus JHERING: Male resembles T. a. kapouni in
lacking the white apical spots to median and greater upper wing coverts, but is of
a much clearer plumbeous coloration like T. a. polionotus. Wing 75-79; tail 61-63.
Female unknown. — C. E. H.

b Thamnophilus aethiops punctuliger PELZELN: Male like T. a. juruanus, with
blackish cap and clear plumbeous plumage, but with white apical spots to all the
upper wing coverts, and interscapular feathers with more or less white at their
bases, forming a small concealed light patch. Female very similar to T. a. polionotus,
but averaging lighter. d", wing 73-77; tail 57-61; 9, wing 72-76; tail 56-61. —
C. E. H.

0 The male from Humaytha (left bank of Rio Maderia) which I had formerly
referred to polionotus, I now regard as a somewhat aberrant example of punctuliger.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 83

*Thamnophilus aethiops incertus Pelzeln* PELZELN'S ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus incertus PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 78, 149 (Para,
descr. 9 ; type in Vienna Museum examined) ; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13,
1906, p. 339 (crit. ; Para), 367 (San Antonio do Prata) ; JHERING and JHERING,
Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 197 (Para); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8,
1914, p. 271 (part; Para, Mocajatuba, Providencia, Ananindeuba, S. Isabel,
S. Antonio do Prata; Rio Guama (S. Miguel], Rio Capim [Resacca], Rio
Tocantins [Arumatheua]).

Dysithamnus (eir.) incertus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905, p. 284 (Igarape'-
Assu, Para; crit.).

Thamnophilus aethiops incertus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 341 (diag.
d", 9 ; Para, Vigia, S. Antonio do Prata, Igarap6-Assu, R. Capim, R. Guama) ;
idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 42
(Peixe-Boi), 92 (Para localities).

Thamnophilus simplex SCLATER, Ibis, 1873, p. 387, pi. 15 (cf, 9) (Para; types
in British Museum examined); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1878,
P- 139 (Vigia, near Para); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 197
(Para); GOELDI, Ibis, 1903, p. 499 (Rio Capim); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith.,
55, 1907, p. 283 (Para, S. Antonio do Prata, Resacca [Rio Capim], Sta. Maria
do S. Miguel [R. Guama]).

Thamnophilus polionotus ? SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 284 (Para,
Rio Capim; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Dysithamnus plumbeus (err.) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 576
("Amazons"; spec, examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 226 (part; spec. c).

Range: Northeastern Brazil, Pard district, west to the Tocantins.
5: Brazil (Utinga, near Pard).

Thamnophilus unicolor unicolor (Sclater).b UNIFORM ANT SHRIKE.

Dysithamnus unicolor SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, 1859, p. 141 (Pallatanga, w.
Ecuador; descr. d", 9); idem, 1. c., 1860, p. 89 (Nanegal, w. Ecuador) ; idem,

In its light general coloration, it agrees with specimens from the right bank of the
Rio Madeira (Borba, Calama), but lacks the white dorsal patch, thus pointing to
juruanus. As an adult male from Morinho Lyra (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. No. 127,552,
Roosevelt Exp.) with white tips to all the upper wing coverts also has much less
white at the base of the interscapular feathers than the type, this appears to be
rather a variable character upon which not too much stress should be laid. — C. E. H.

• Thamnophilus aethiops incertus PELZELN: Male differs from all other races by
its lighter slate-gray coloration, and by lacking the blackish cap as well as the white
apical spots to the upper wing coverts, only the bend of the wing being freckled with
white, besides some minor characters. Female much paler than polionotus and punctu-
liger, with sides of head and throat lighter ferruginous, and the belly of a paler
tint, varying from ochraceous to fulvous. o" , wing 68-73; tail 55-60; 9 , wing 66-
71; tail 55-61.— C. E. H.

b Thamnophilus unicolor (SCLATER) is undoubtedly very nearly related to the
T. aethiops group, resembling it in structural details, but is easily distinguished in
the male sex by the uniform slate-gray coloration without any trace of white even on
the bend of wing. The female is not unlike that of T. a, polionotus, but much paler
throughout, especially on the lower parts. — C. E. H.

84 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 178 (Pallatanga, Nanegal); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 225 (part; Pallatanga, Nanegal, w. Ecuador);
HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 611 (Paramba, nw. Ecuador) ; GOODFELLOW,
Ibis, 1902, p. 64 (Gualea, San Nicolas, w. Ecuador).

Thamnophilus unicolor BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1884,
p. 301 (Cayandeled, Surupata, w. Ecuador); MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. gfiogr.
Mes. Arc Mend. Equat., 9, 1911, p. B 32 (Oyacachi).

Range: Subtropical zone of western Ecuador.

"Thamnophilus unicolor grandior Hellmayr,* nom. nov. COLOMBIAN
UNIFORM ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus unicolor longicaudus CHAPMAN,b Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 86,

Aug. 1923, p. i (Barro Blanco, Antioquia, Colombia).
Dysithamnus unicolor (not of SCLATER) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,

1879, p. 525 (Santa Elena, Antioquia); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,

1890, p. 225 (part; "Bogota," Medellin, Santa Elena, Antioquia).
Thamnophilus unicolor CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 365

(San Antonio, Gallera, Cerro Munchique, Cocal, Ricaurte, Barro Blanco,

La Palma, Fusugasuga, Aguadita, Colombia).

Range: Subtropical zone of Colombia (except Santa Marta region)
and eastern Ecuador (Zamora).

3: Colombia (San Antonio 2, "Bogota" i).

^Thamnophilus schistaceus capitalis Sclater.0 BLACK-CAPPED ANT
SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus capitalis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 65, 214 (descr.
d", 9 ; Rio Napo, e. Ecuador; types in British Museum examined); idem,
Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 174 (Rio Napo); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou,
a, 1884, p. ii (descr. o", 9 ; no locality); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 196 (Rio Napo, Sarayacu, e. Ecuador; Iquitos, ne. Peru; spec,
examined); SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899,
p. 27 (Zamora, e. Ecuador).

• Thamnophilus unicolor grandior HELLMAYR: Differs from T. u. unicolor of
w. Ecuador, by somewhat larger size, especially longer tail, and by having the
lateral rectrices more decidedly tipped with whitish. Wing 70-73 ; tail 64-67.

Birds from San Antonio and "Bogota" can fairly be distinguished by these char-
acters, but skins from S. Pablo, Prov. Tuqueres, are intermediate to T. u. unicolor,
of w. Ecuador.— C. E. H.

b Not Thamnophilus longicaudus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. &L,
3, 1816, p. 315 ('TAmSrique meYidionale").

8 Thamnophilus schistaceus capitalis SCLATER: Male differs from T. s. schistaceus
of the Rio Madeira region by its darker plumbeous coloration, and by having the
crown black; female not certainly distinguishable, but generally with deeper russet
crown and slightly darker brownish buff under parts. A male from Pebas forms the
transition to hellmayri, having the black crown more restricted and narrowly edged
with slate gray. Wing (d") 64-68, (9) 64-65: tail 50-56; bill 17-18^. Twenty-
two specimens examined: i Cuembi, se. Colombia, 7 e. Ecuador, 14 Peru (north
bank of Rio Marafion). — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 85

Dysithamnus schistaceus (not of D'ORBIGNY) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1867, p. 978 (Pebas; spec, in Brit. Mus. examined); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 273
(part; Pebas); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pdrou, 2, 1884, p. 31 (part; Loretoyacu,
Pebas); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 224 (part; spec, e-h,
Iquitos; j, k, Pebas, Samiria, ne. Peru; spec, in British Museum examined);
GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 64 (Archidona, e. Ecuador; spec, in Tring
Museum examined); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris,
(gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 28 (part; Pebas).

Dysithamnus schistaceus capitalis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 63 (monogr. ;
Rio Napo, Zamora, Sarayacu, Archidona, e. Ecuador; Iquitos, Samiria,
Pebas, north bank of R. Maranon, ne. Peru).

Dysithamnus capitalis SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 276 (diag. o";
"Alto Amazonas").

Dysithamnus capitalis capitalis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,
1917, p. 372 (La Morelia, Florencia, Caquetd region, se. Colombia).

Range : Upper Amazonia, from southeastern Colombia (La Morelia,
Florencia, Caqueta; Cuembi, Rio Putumayo) through eastern Ecuador
south to the north bank of the Maranon (Iquitos, Pebas, Samiria,
Loretoyacu), northeastern Peru.

i: Peru (Iquitos).

*Thamnophilus schistaceus hellmayri (Cory).* HELLMAYR'S ANT
SHRIKE.

Dysithamnus schistaceus hellmayri CORY, Field Mus. Publ., Orn. Ser., i, Aug.

1916, p. 338 (Rioja, n. Peru).
Thamnophilus schistaceus (not of D'ORBIGNY) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868,

p. 77 (Note 2), 148 (part, one o" from Maynas, Peru; spec, examined in

Vienna Museum).
Dysithamnus schistaceus (not of D'ORBIGNY) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,

1867, p. 750, 756 (Yurimaguas, Chyavetas; spec, in Brit. Museum examined);

idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 273 (part; Yurimaguas, Chyavetas); TACZANOWSKI,

Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 31 (part; descr. o* ex Chyavetas, Yurimaguas);

SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 224 (part; descr. et spec, a-c,

Chyavetas; i, Yurimaguas).
Dysithamnus schistaceus subsp. HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 62 (diag.

o", 9 ; Chyavetas, Yurimaguas, Maynas, Peru).
Dysithamnus dubius (not of BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN) HELLMAYR, 1. c., p. 63

(part; Chuchurras, Prov. Huanuco).

Range : Northern Peru, south of the Maranon, in depts. Amazonas,
Loreto and Huanuco. b

4: Peru (Rioja i, Moyobamba i; Puerto Bermudez, R. Pichis 2).

• Thamnophilus schistaceus hellmayri (CORY): Similar to T. s. schistaceus, but
general coloration of male decidedly darker slate-gray, and feathers of pileum more
conspicuously centered with blackish; female averaging deeper brownish buff below.
Wing (six c^o") 64-66, (three 9 9) 64-65; tail 50-53; bill 17^-19.— C. E. H.

b Two specimens from Puerto Bermudez are nearer to hellmayri than to schista-
ceus, although not quite so dark as the type, with the blackish discs to the crown

86 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnophilus schistaceus heterogynus (Hellmayr).* TEFFE ANT
SHRIKE.

Dysithamnus schistaceus heterogynus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 61
(Teffe, Rio Solimoes, nw. Brazil); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914,
p. 227 (Teffe).

Thamnophilus schistaceus (not of D'ORBIGNY) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868,
p. 77 (Note 2), 148 (part; "ein Weibchen von Borba mit rostfarber
Unterseite," locality wrong, probably Manaqueri, R. Solimoes).

Range: Northwestern Brazil, Teff£ on the Rio Solimoes.

*Thamnophilus schistaceus schistaceus D'Orbigny. SLATE-COLORED
ANT SHRIKE.

Tamnophilus fuliginosus LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag.
Zool., 7, 1837, cl. 2, p. 10 (nom nud., no locality).

Thamnophilus schistaceus D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. merid., Ois., Oct. 1838,
p. 170, pi. 5, fig. i (T. fuliginosus*) (Yuracares, n. Bolivia; type in Paris
Museum examined; = <j" ad.); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 77,
148 (part; Salto do Girao, Borba, Rio Madeira; "Cochabamba" (= Yura-
cares), ex D'ORBIGNY).

Dysithamnus schistaceus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, P- 624
(Yuracares; ex D'ORBIGNY); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 439
(Rio Jurua); idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 203 (Rio Jurua; range excl.
Peru) ; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 15 (Ponto Alegre, Rio Purus8);
idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 276 (part; Boim, Villa Braga, left bank
of Tapaj6z; Rio Purtis); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom.
Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 28 (part; spec, a, type from Yuracares).

Dysithamnus schistaceus schistaceus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 62
(monogr.; Yuracares, San Mateo, n. Bolivia; Borba, Salto do Girao, Rio
Madeira), 370 (Humaytha, Borba); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 342 (Calama,
Marmellos; S. Isabel, Rio Preto; Maroins, Rio Machados); idem, Arch.
Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 94 (Yahuarmayo, se. Peru); idem, Nov.
Zool., 28, 1921, p. 196 (Bolivia; range, crit.).

feathers less pronounced. It is possible that a larger series may prove hettmayn to
be not properly separable from schistaceus. By their darker slate grey plumage
specimens from n. Peru undeniably form the transition to the still darker T. s. capi-
talis, from north of the Marafion. — C. E. H.

• Thamnophilus schistaceus heterogynus (HELLMAYR) : Male barely distinguishable
from T. s. hellmayri by slightly paler slate-gray under parts ; female immediately recog-
nizable from all races of schistaceus by having the under parts bright ochraceous,
with axillaries and quill lining ochraceous buff instead of pinkish buff, and the back
rather more rufescent brown. Wing (c?1) 67, (9) 62-64^; tail 52-57; bill \i%-
i8#.— C. E. H.

b The plate (which is quoted by Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny in their "Synopsis")
was probably issued much earlier than the corresponding text, and if published
prior to February 1838, the name fuliginosus will have to supplant schistaceus.

• Male and female, examined by me, appear to be identical with Bolivian speci-
mens.— C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 87

Dysithamnus dubius BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN," Ibis, 1894, P- 393 (La Mer-
ced, Dept. Junin, Peru; descr. cf); idem, P. Z. S. Lend., 1896, p. 381 (La
Merced); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 63 (part; La Merced).
Dysithamnus schistaceus heterogynus (not of HELLMAYR), JHERING, Cat. Faun.

Braz., I, 1907, p. 414 (Rio Jurua).
Dysithamnus capitalis (not of SCLATER) SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908,

p. 510 (Villa Braga, R. Tapaj6z; specimen examined).
Range: Central and southeastern Peru (Chanchamayo district,
Dept. Junin ; Yahuarmayo, Rio San Gaban, Sierra of Carabaya, northern
Puno); northern Bolivia (Yuracares, Rio San Mateo; Rio Espirito
Santo; San Antonio, Todos Santos, Rio Chimore', Prov. Cochabamba;
Rio Surutu, Prov. del Sara); western Brazil (Rio Purus; Rio Jurud;
Rio Madeira, down to Borba; east to the left bank of the Tapaj6z
Villa Braga,b Boim).

4: Bolivia (Rio Espirito Santo, 3): Brazil (Porto Velho, Rio
Madeira, i).«

Thamnophilus schistaceus inornatus Ridgway* LX)WER AMAZONIAN
SLATY ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus inornatus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 10, "1887," publ. 1888,
p. 522 (Diamantina, near Santarem, Rio Tapaj6z; type in U. S. National
Museum examined; = cf ad.); RIKER and CHAPMAN, Auk, 8, 1891, p. 28
(Santarem).

• I cannot separate a male from Chanchamayo from topotypical Bolivian
examples. Birds from Puerto Bermudez (Rio Pichis), though somewhat inter-
mediate, appear to be nearer hettmayri. More material is required for defining the
ranges of the Peruvian races of this bird. — C. E. H.

b A female in the Gpeldi Museum, Para, agrees in color and size with specimens
from Bolivia and the Rio Madeira. — C. E. H.

e Dysithamnus schistaceus PENARD (Vog. Guyana 2, 1910, p. 308; Auk, 36, 1919,
p. 219) and BEEBE (Trop. Wild Life i, 1917, p. 132; Bartica Grove, British Guiana)
most certainly refers to some other species.

d Thamnophilus schistaceus inornatus RIDGWAY: Averaging larger than T. s. schis-
taceus; male with feathers of pileum more or less centered with black, and under parts
slightly paler, more whitish on middle of abdomen; female paler buff below, nearly
whitish in center or belly. This is rather an unsatisfactory race, some specimens being
practically indistinguishable from typical schistaceus. However, taken as a whole,
the series of twenty specimens (the type from Diamantina; seventeen from San-
tarem in the Carnegie Museum ; the type of squamo sus from Alcobaca ; one female from
Arumatheua, Tocantins; one male from Rio Jamauchim) averages larger, with some-
what paler under parts in both sexes, and darker crown of the male, as compared to
fifty specimens of true schistaceus from n. Bolivia, s. Peru and w. Brazil (Rio
Madeira, Rio Punis).

Seven cf cf ad. from Santarem, wing 64, 64, 65, 67, 68, 68, 69; tail 51, 53, 54,
54, 55, 56, 59-

One cf ad. from R. Tocantins, wing 65 }4.

Seven 9 9 ad. from Santarem, wing 64, 64, 66, 66, 66, 68, 68; tail 55, 56, 56,
57, 58, 59, 60.

One 9 ad. from R. Tocantins, wing 64.

Nine cf cf ad. from n. Bolivia, wing 61, 62, 63, 63, 63, 63, 64, 65, 66; tail 48,

48, 52, 52, 52, 52, 53, 54 54-

Eight 9 9 ad. from n. Bolivia, wing 62, 63, 63, 63, 63, 64, 65, 65; tail 48,
5i, 5», 51, 53, 54, 54-— C- E. H.

88 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Dysithamnus capitalis squamosus SNETHLAGE, Orn. Monatsber., 15, Oct. 1907,
p. 162 (Alcobaga, left bank of Tocantins; types in Museu Goeldi, Para,
examined); idem, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 531 (Arumatheua, Alcobaga,
R. Tocantins).

Dysithamnus schistaceus squamosus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 349 in
text (crit.; Tocantins); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 276 (Alco-
baja, Arumatheua, R. Tocantins).

Dysithamnus schistaceus (not of D'ORBIGNY) SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8,
1914, p. 276 (part; Porto Seguro, Rio Jamauchim, easterly affluent of Tocan-
tins; spec, examined).

Range: Lower Amazonia, south of the Amazon, from the right
bank of the Tapaj6z (Santarem; Rio Jamauchim) to the Tocantins,
northeastern Brazil.

*Thamnophilus murinus Sclater and Sahin.* MOUSE-COLORED ANT
SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus murinus (Natterer Ms.) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1867, p. 750, 756 (Xeberos, e. Peru; Cayenne; Marabitanas, Barra do Rio
Negro [ = Manaos]; Manaos accepted as type locality, cfr. BERLEPSCH and
HARTERT, 1902); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 77 (Barra do Rio Negro;
Airao, Barcellos, Marabitanas, Rio Negro; Rio Iganna, Rio Vaupe"; Cayenne);
SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 273 (Xeberos, Yurimaguas,
Chamicuros; eggs descr.); TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1882, p. 29 (Yurimaguas);
idem, Orn. Pfirou, 2, 1884, p. 12 (Xeberos, Yurimaguas, Chamicuros); SALVIN,
Ibis, 1885, p. 423 (Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Merume' Mts., Brit. Guiana);
W. SCLATER, 1. c., 1887, p. 319 (Maccasseema, Brit. Guiana); SCLATER, Cat.
B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 195 (Rio Negro; Chamicuros, Xeberos, Peru;
Oyapoc, Cayenne; Marakka, Bartica Grove, Takutu R., Camacusa, Merume',
Brit. Guiana); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 69 (Suapure,
La Pricion, La Union, Caura R., Venezuela); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul.,
6, 1906, p. 438 (Rio Jurua); idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 197 (Rio
Jurua; range); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 151 (Ipousin, Rio Approu-
ague, Oyapoc, French Guiana); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull.,
2, 1916, p. 276 (Caura River).

Dysithamnus murinus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 31 (Obidos), 371
(Humaytha, Rio Madeira); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i,
1907, p. 414; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 343 (Humaytha); SNETH-
LAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 277 (Obidos; Rio Jamunda [Far6]);
BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, i, 1907, p. 132 (Bartica) ; CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana,
2, 1921, p. 22 (Brit. Guiana).

• Thamnophilus murinus SCLATER and SALVIN: Similar to T. s. schistaceus,
but male with brownish wings, distinct though small buffy white apical spots to the
median and greater upper wing coverts, and lighter cinereous under parts, mixed
with whitish on throat and along middle of belly. Female more whitish on abdomen
and the larger wing coverts tipped with buff.

Wing 62-66, (9) 61-65; tail 52-56; bill i6#-i8X-— C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 89

Erionotus murinus BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoo}., 62, No. 2,
1918, p. 67 (Paramaribo, Surinam).

Range: Guianas; eastern Venezuela (Caura Valley); Amazonia
(Obidos and Faro, north bank; Rio Negro; Rio Madeira, Rio Jurua);
northern and eastern Peru, south to Huanuco (Chuchurras, Rio Pozuzo).

i : British Guiana (Mazaruni River).

Thamnophilus aroyae (Hellmayr).* INAMBARI VALLEY ANT SHRIKE.

Dysithamnus aroyae HELLMAYR, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14, Feb. 1914, p. 52 (La
Aroya ( = Oroya), Inambari Valley, Marcapata district, se. Peru; descr.
o" ad.).

Range: Southeastern Peru (La Oroya, Inambari Valley, on the
boundary of the depts. of Cuzco and Puno) and Bolivia (Yungas of
Cochabamba).b

Thamnophilus punctatus gorgonae Thayer and Bangs.0 GORGONA
ISLAND ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus gorgonae THAYER and BANGS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, No. 5,
June 1905, p. 95 (Gorgona Isl. off west coast of Colombia; types in Mus.
Comp. Zool., Cambridge, examined).

• Thamnophilus aroyae (HELLMAYR) : Adult male. Upper parts very dark slate gray,
inclining to blackish on the crown and occiput, the forehead being slaty with indis-
tinct darker shaft lines. Wing coverts black, with large white apical spots; remiges
and rectrices blackish, edged with slate gray, and the latter broadly tipped with
white, these tips being narrower on the inner ones and barely perceptible on the
middle pair. Sides of head and lower parts dark slate gray like the back. Axillaries
somewhat paler gray, inner web of quills broadly edged with white; under tail coverts
with narrow white apical margin?. Wing 67; tail 55; bill 17%. Female unknown.

This species has no very near ally. In general coloration, it recalls Dysithamnus
ardesiacus, but has large, rounded white apical spots on the upper wing coverts,
and the lateral rectrices much more broadly tipped with white. In structure,- it
nearly agrees with T. murinus. — C. E. H.

b An adult male obtained by L. E. Miller, at an altitude of 3,600 feet, in the
Yungas of Cochabamba, on June 3, 1915, and pieserved in the collection of the
American Museum of Natural History, differs from the type by having a small white
marginal spot on the outer web of the outermost rectrix, and some white at the
base of a few interscapular feathers. Wing 65; tail 53; bill 17. — C. E. H.

0 Thamnophilus punctatus gorgonae THAYER and BANGS: Resembles T. p. atri-
nucha in large size of bill, and in the male having the temporal region mottled with
blackish, and the middle of the back strongly mixed with black; but the forehead is
more extensively gray, the sides of the head are lighter slate gray, and the under parts
much paler cinereous (passing into whitish gray on throat and middle of belly), even
lighter than in T. p. punctatus. The female differs from T. p. atrinucha by much darker
under parts, ranging from ochraceous brown to raw sienna; decidedly more rufous
brown back, and much darker, deep russet brown (instead of mars brown) crown. Wing
(eight d"o*) 69-73, (eight 9 9) 69-71; tail (o") 58-62, (9) 57-61; bill, 19-21. The
race appears to me perfectly distinct from T. p. atrinucha. Only one out of eight
males has the under parts so dark cinereous as the average of atrinucha, and three
only have, like this race, the forehead mainly black with slate gray edges, while in all
the remaining examples the forehead is clear slate gray, at least as far back as the
middle of the eye, thus more nearly resembling certain gray-fronted males of T. p.

go FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Erionotus punctatus gorgonae RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 52
(Gorgona Isl.).

Range: Gorgona Island, on the west coast of Colombia.

"Thamnophilus punctatus atrinucha Salvin and Godman. SLATY
ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus atrinucha SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2,
1892, p. 200 (Central America; Panama designated as type locality, auct.
HELLMAYR, 1911); SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362,
1899, p. 27 (Rio Peripa, Vinces, w. Ecuador); idem, 1. c., 15, No. 399, 1900,
p. 7 (Laguna del Pita, Panama).

Thamnophilus naevius (not of GMELIN) CASSIN, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1860,
p. 188 (Rio Truando); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 278 (Babahoyo),
294 (Esmeraldas) ; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 173 (part; Esmer-
aldas) ; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 524 (Neche, lower Cauca) ;
BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1883, p. 564 (Chimbo); TACZANOWSKI,
Orn. P6rou, 2 1884, p. 9 (part; o* ad. Palmal,s w. Ecuador; w. Ecuador);
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 197 (part; spec, a-m, Honduras,
Costa Rica, Panama; u-y, Esmeraldas, Balzar, Sta Rita, Chimbo, w. Ecuador).

Thamnophilus naevius atrinucha HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss.,
22, No. 3, 1906, p. 659 (part.: excl. Sta Marta and Bogota); idem, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1911, p. 1158 (San Joaquim, Noanama, Sipi, Novita, w. Colombia).

Thamnophilus punctatus atrinucha CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,
1917, P- 366 (part; Alto Bonito, Dabeiba, Rio Sucio; Bagado, Baudo, Novita,
Novita Trail, Juntas de Tamana, Noanama, S. Jose, Barbacoas, w. Col-
ombia; La Frijolera, near Puerto Valdivia, lower Cauca); HARTERT and
GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 23, 1917, p. 496, 497 (crit.; Jimenez, w. Colombia);
BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, No. 6, 1922, p. 206
(Mt. Sap6, Rio Esnap6, Jesusito, Darien).

Erionotus punctatus atrinucha RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911,
p. 49 (monogr., full synonomy ; excl. Bucaramanga, Bogota and Santa Marta) ;
STONE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, 1918, p. 260 (Gatun, Panama).

Erionotus punctatus magnirostris DOMANIEWSKI and STOLZMANN,* Discipl. Biol.
Arch. Soc. Scient. Varsov., i, No. 8, 1922, p. — (Sep. p. i) (Palmal, sw. Ecua-
dor; one c? ).

Range: Central America, from Honduras southward to Panama
and along the Pacific coast of Colombia and Ecuador south to Chimbo

punctalus. The female is very much darker, only two specimens from Panama ap-
proaching it in the deep coloration of the lower parts. As correctly pointed out by
Outram Bangs, it bears a striking likeness to the female of T. p. ambtguus, but may
be immediately recognized by its much larger bill and less rufous crown.— C. E. H.

• I am unable to distinguish ten Ecuadorian skins, including two from Chimbo,
which may be considered as topotypes of magnirostris, from a very large series
(more than sixty) from w. Colombia and Central America. The large bill upon which
Messrs. Domaniewski and Stolzmann lay so much stress, is just one of the princi-
pal characteristics of atrinucha. — C. E. H.

iQ24- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 91

and Palmal, Prov. of Guayas; also found in a slightly modified form on
the lower Cauca (Neche, La Frijolera), northwestern Colombia."

14: Nicaragua (San Emilis, Lake Nicaragua) 5; Costa Rica (Orosi i,
Siguirres 6); Colombia (Dabeiba i, Puerto Valdivia i); western Ecua-
dor (Chimbo) i.

*Thamnophilus punctatus subcinereus (Todd).* SANTA MARTA ANT
SHRIKE.

Erionotus punctatus subcinereus TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 28, Apr. 1915,
p. 80 (Don Diego, Santa Marta district).

Thamnophilus naevius (not of GMELIN) SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, 1880, p. 171
(Minca, Santa Marta); BERLEPSCH, Journ. Ornith., 32, 1884, p. 307 (Bucara-
manga); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 197 (part; spec, n, o,
Minca, Santa Marta); BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, 1898, p. 138 (Santa
Marta); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 13, 1900, p. 161 (Bonda,
Minca, Cacagualito, Onaca, Santa Marta district).

Thamnophilus punctatus atrinucha (not of SALVIN and GODMAN) CHAPMAN,
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 366 (part; Malena, Honda, Chi-
coral, Magdalena Valley; crit.).

Thamnophilus albiventris (not of TACZANOWSKI), HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. KL
Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 659 (part; descr. d", 9 from
"Bogota"); HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, 1917, p. 496 (diag.;
"w. Colombia, Bogota").

Erionotus punctatus atrinucha RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911,
p. 49 (part; Bucaramanga, Santa Marta).

Erionotus punctatus gorgonac (not of THAYER and BANGS) TODD and CARRIKER,
Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 1922, p. 312 (Bonda, Buritaca, Onaca, Don Diego,
La Tigrera, Agua Duke, Las Vegas, Minca, Fundaci6n, Loma Larga, Santa
Marta district).

Range: Northern Colombia (Santa Marta region, and Magdalena
Valley, as far south as Honda; also found in trade collections from
"Bogotd") and northwestern Venezuela, in heavily forested region
southwest of Lake Maracaibo, State of Zulia (Orope).

4: Venezuela (Orope, Zulia).

• Ten specimens from the lower Cauca (Puerto Valdivia) are difficult to allo-
cate. The males agree in every respect with atrinucha. The females are exceedingly
variable, two being indistinguishable from the palest examples in the series of
atrinucha from Panama and Pacific Colombia, while two others cannot be separ-
ated from the lightest colored extreme of subcinereus (from Honda and Santa Marta).
Taken as a whole, the series seems, however, best referred to atrinucha, although
some formula might perhaps convey a more correct idea of their intermediate
position.— C. E. H.

b Thamnophilus punctatus subcinereus (Tooo) : Male very similar to that of T. p.
gorgonae, especially in the light cinereous under parts, but with much less slate *ray
on the forehead, this part being, as in T. p. atrinucha, mostly nlack, narrowly edged
with gray. Female exceedingly vai iable in coloration of under parts, the darkest speci-
mens being deep ochraceous like the lightest extreme of gorgonae, the palest being

92 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

*Thamnophilus punctatus punctatus (Shaw).* SPOTTED ANT SHRIKE.

Lanius naevius (not of GMELIN, 1. c., p. 304) GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, (i), 1788,
p. 308 (based on "Spotted Shrike", Latham, Gen. Syn. Birds, i (i), p. 190,
Cayenne; descr. o"); LEACH, Zool. Misc., i, 1814, p. 40, pi. 17 (figure of
type in Brit. Museum).

Lanius punctatus SHAW, Gen. Zool., Aves, 7, (2), 1809, p. 327 (based on "Le
Tachet" Lavaillant, Ois. d'Afr., 2, p. 113, pi. 77, fig. i ( = cf): Cayenne).

Thamnophilus atrocapittus HAHN, Vogel Asien etc., Lief. 15, 1826, pi. 4 (no
locality given).

Thamnophilus Janii FILIPPI, Mus. Mediolan., Aves, 1847, p. 13, 32 ("in Bra-
silia?"); SALVADORI, Atti Ace. Sci. Torino, 3, 1868, p. 274 (crit.; =Tham-
nophilus naevius [ = punctatus] 9).

Thamnophilus naevius SCHOMBURGK, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 2, 1848, p. 491 (Sand-
hills on the Demerara); CABANIS, 1. c., 3, 1848, p. 687 (Coast of Brit. Guiana
and vicinity of Roraima); SCLATER, Edinb. New Phil. Journ., (n. s.), I,
1855, p. 243 (part; descr. o", 9, et. hab. Cayenne, Brit. Guiana); idem.
P. Z. S. Lond., 1858, p. 213 (part; Cayenne, Brit. Guiana); idem, Cat. Coll.
Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 173 (part; o" Cayenne, 9 Orinoco); TACZANOWSKI,
Orn. Peiou, 2, 1884, p. 8 (part; descr. o", 9 ex Cayenne); SALVIN, Ibis,
1885, p. 423 (Roraima); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 197 (part;
spec, z-h1, Orinoco, Roraima, Quonja, Brit. Guiana; Cayenne); RIKER and
CHAPMAN, Auk, 8, 1891, p. 28 (Diamantina, near Santarem); BERLEPSCH
and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 69 (Altagracia, Munduapo, Nericagua,
Rio Catanapa, R. Orinoco; La Pricion, La Union, Suapure, Caura River);
MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, 1904, p. 174 (Ouanary, Mahury, French
Guiana) ; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 283 (Maraj6, Monte Alegre) ;
BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 152 (Cayenne, Rio Approuague, Roche-
Marie), 319 (Ouanary, Mahury, French Guiana); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 271 (Cametd, R. Tocantins; Boim, R. Tapaj6z; Santa
Anna, Maraj6; Rio Jary (S. Antonio do Cachoeira), Monte Alegre; Rio
Maecuru (Cachoeira Muira); Obidos; Rio Jamundd [Far6]).

Thamnophilus naevius naevius HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss.,
22, No. 3, 1906, p. 659 (diag. d", 9 ; Cayenne, Brit. Guiana; Roraima,
Annai, Quonja; Orinoco, Caura rivers; Guanoco, Orinoco delta).

clear creamy buff like the average of typical punctatus, while one or two are hardly
distinguishable from the general run of atrinucha; the upper parts are about as in
atrinucha, although a few examples, by the more rufous brown back and deeper
russet crown closely approach gorgonae. Males from Honda and Malena, Magda-
lena R., and several "Bogota" skins are practically identical with those from Santa
Marta, and three females from Honda cannot be separated from pale-bellied Santa
Marta examples either. A single male from Orope, Venezuela, resembles dark
bellied males, while a female is similar to the average from the type locality. Wing
(o*) 68-74, (?) 66-71; tail (o") 55-60, (9) 55-59; bill 18^-20. Forty-two speci-
mens examined. — C. E. H.

a On comparing eighteen specimens, including the type from Manaos, Itacoa-
tiara and the Rio Branco with thirty-nine punctatus from French and British Guiana
(16), Orinoco-Caura region (10) and the Paria Peninsula, Venezuela (13), I am
unable to find any constant character for distinguishing cinereinucha even as a race.
The males are absolutely identical in coloration, and only three out of seven females are
slightly paler, less buffy brownish on the chest than a large series from French and

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 93

Thamnophilus punctatus STONE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, 1913, p. 202
(Cariaquito, Paria Peninsula).

Thamnophilus punctatus punctatus HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24,
1917, P- 496, 497 (crit.).

Erionotus punctatus CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 17 (British Guiana).

Erionotus punctatus punctatus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911,
p. 49 (diag.); BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoo]., 62, 1918, p. 66
(Paramaribo, Lelydorp, Surinam); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2,
1916, p. 276 (from Altagracia upwards, R. Orinoco; La Pricion, La Union,
Suapure, Caura).

Thamnophilus ambiguus (not of SWAINSON) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 67,
Note 2 (part; 9 ex Cayenne, examined by C. E. H.); RIKER and CHAPMAN,
Auk, 8, 1891, p. 28 (one 9, Diamantina, R. Tapaj6z).

Thamnophilus cinereinucha PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 77, 145 (Barra do
Rio Negro [ = Manaos] [type]; Serra Carauman, Rio Branco; spec, in Vienna
Museum examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 198 (Rio Negro); HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22,
No. 3, 1906, p. 659 (crit.; diag. o", 9, Barra do Rio Negro, Serra Carau-
man); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 271 (Rio Negro).

Erionotus insignis (not of SALVIN and GODMAN) CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst.,
Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 272 (Cristobal Colon, Paria Peninsula, Venezuela).

Range : French, Dutch and British Guiana ; Venezuela (Paria Penin-
sula;* the Orinoco Valley from the delta up to Munduapo, and on its
tributary, the Caura River) ; northern Brazil, on the north bank of the
Amazon from Marajo to Manaos; Rio Branco; south of the Amazon
only known from the lower Tocantins (Cameta) and Tapaj6z (San-
tarem, Boim).b

British Guiana. The bill possibly averages slightly smaller, though only two males
from Manaos and a pair from the Rio Branco have actually smaller bills, while one
male from Itacoatiara has it fully as large as the largest billed example of punctatus.

MEASUREMENTS

WING TAIL BILL

Seven d" o" from French Guiana 67-70 53-57 i6>£-i8

Nine 0*0* from Paria Peninsula, Venezuela 67-71 53-57,62 (once) 17-18^
Four o" o* from Manaos 67-68 53-56 i5>i, 16^,17, 17

One o* from Itacoatiara 68 58 17^

Five o" o" from Rio Branco 66-69 54-58 15,17,17,17.17^

Seven 9 9 from French Guiana 66-71 52-58 i6%-i8

Three 9 9 from Paria Peninsula 67,69,71 53,55,58 16^,17,18

Two 9 9 from Manaos 65,67 54,55 I7,i7

One 9 from Itacoatiara 66tf 54 i6K

Four 9 9 from Rio Branco 66,66,68,68 56,56,57 16,17,17

— C. E. H.

• Thirteen specimens from Cristobal Colon in the American Museum of Natural
History collection agree in every respect with a series from French Guiana. They
were erroneously recorded by G. K. Cherrie as Erionotus insignis. — C. E. H.

b The range of T. p. punctatus probably extends much further south than given
above. The American Museum of Natural History possesses an adult female obtained
by Geo. K. Cherrie on January 31, 1914, at Utiarity, near Salto Bello, alt. 1,500-
2,500 feet, Papagaio River, n. Matto Grosso, which appears to belong here. On the
under parts it is an exact duplicate of some Cayenne females, notably No. 56,013, Car-
negie Museum; but it differs from any other specimen of punctatus examined by
the writer, by its brighter, more russet brown back. — C. E. H.

94 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

14: British Guiana (Hyde Park, Demerara River) i; northern Brazil
(Manaos, 2; Itacoatiara, 2; Conceicao, Rio Branco, 4; Serra da Lua,
near Boa Vista, Rio Branco, 3; Serra Grande, Rio Branco, 2) 13.

"Thamnophilus punctatus interpositus Hartert and Goodson.* INTER-
MEDIATE ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus punctatus interpositus HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24,
Dec. 1917, p. 496 ("Bogota" collections).

Thamnophilus naevius (not of GMELIN) SCLATER, Edinb. New Phil. Journ., (n. s.),
I, 1855, p. 242 (part; "Bogota"); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 1855, p. 148 (Bogota);
idem, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 213 (part; Bogotd); BERLEPSCH, Zeit. ges. Orn., 4,
1887, p. 185 (Bogota; spec, examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 198 (part; spec, q-s, "Colombia" = Bogota).

Thamnophilus punctatus punctatus (not of Shaw) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 366 (Barrigon, e. of Villavicencio, Rio Meta, e. Col-
ombia; spec, examined).

Range: East slope of eastern Andes, Colombia.
i: Colombia (Bogotd).

Thamnophilus punctatus leucogaster Hellmayr* nom. nov. WHITE-
BELLIED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus naevius albiventris (not Thamnophilus albiventerSpix., i82s)TACZAN-

OWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 9 (Guajango, R. Maranon, n. Peru; descr. o" ad.).
Thamnophilus albiventris HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22,

No. 3, 1906, p. 659 (part; Guajango; ? upper Ucayali).
Erionotus albiventris BANGS and NOBLE, Auk, 35, 1918, p. 452 (Perico, near

Bellavista, R. Marafion).
Thamnophilus naevius (not of GMELIN) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879,

p. 232 (Guajango); (?) SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1866, p. 185, 1873, p. 273

(upper Ucayali).

Range : Northern Peru, on the upper Maranon (Guajango, Perico) ;
probably also on the upper Ucayali.

• Thamnophilus punctatus interpositus HARTERT and GOODSON: Agreeing in small
bill and general coloration of both sexes with T. p. punctatus, but male with under
parts deep slate gray as in T. p. atrinucha, female differing from that of punctatus
only by slightly darker, more buffy under parts. Three males and one female from
"Bogotd" and a pair from e. Barrigon, Colombia, obviously pertain to this recently
discriminated race which hardly deserves recognition. Wing ( d* ) 66-68, ( 9 ) 66-68 ;
tail, 53-57; bill, 17-18.— C. E. H.

b Thamnophilus punctatus leucogaster HELLMAYR: This perfectly distinct form
is most nearly related to T. p. punctatus, agreeing with it in relatively small, slender
bill, but differs in the male sex by having the entire middle of the belly pure white,
strongly contrasted with the decidedly paler cinereous color of the throat, chest and
sides, and the under tail coverts white, crossed only by a few narrow gray bars;
the crown feathers are more or less spotted with white near the base (traces of which
are to be found in a male of punctatus from Serra Grande, Rio Branco). The female
also is easily distinguishable by the pure white (instead of buff) throat and middle
of the belly, less extensive and paler buffy brown zone across chest and along sides,

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 95

Thamnophilus punctatus sticturus Pelzeln.* PELZELN'S SPOTTED-
TAILED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus sticturus PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 76, 144 (descr.
cf, 9 from Engenho do Gama, w. Matto Grosso; types in Vienna Museum
examined); SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 15, No. 378, 1900, p. 9 (Urucum,
Corutnba, sw. Matto Grosso; specimens examined).

Thamnophilus ambiguus sticturus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 66 (part;
Engenho do Gama, Corumba, Urucum, w. Matto Grosso); JHERING, Cat.
Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 199 (part; w. Matto Grosso).

Thamnophilus naevius (not of GMELIN) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av.,
i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, 1837, p. 10 (Chiquitos); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Am6r.
me'rid., Ois., 1838, p. 170 (San Miguel, Concepcion, Santa Ana, Chiquitos,
e. Bolivia; d", 9 in Paris Museum examined) ; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1879, p. 623 (ex D'ORBIGNY).

Thamnophilus caerulescens (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER, Edinb. New Phil. Journ.,
(n. s.), i, 1855, p. 244 (part; Chiquitos, Bolivia; ex D'ORBIGNY).

chiefly white under tail coverts, and more rufescent back. Wing (three d* o" ad.)
67^-69, (three 99) 68-70; tail 54-57; bill 16-17. Seven specimens from Bellavista
and Perico, R. Maranon, examined.— -C. E. H.

• Thamnophilus punctatus sticturus PELZELN: Male differs from T. p. kucogaster
of n. Peru by smaller bill and by not only the outermost, but also the second and
third rectrix (from without) being marked with a distinct white marginal stripe in
the middle of the outer web; under surface very similar, but the cinereous color of
throat and chest slightly paler, and less strongly contrasted with the white abdom-
inal area; gray of back slightly lighter. Female similar to that of T. p. leucogaster in
having the middle of the belly extensively white, but immediately recognizable by
the bright ochraceous (instead of buffy brownish) chest and sides, deep buff (instead
of mainly white) under tail coverts, much lighter cinnamon-rufous crown, and
much brighter, more cinnamomeous back. It was not until recently that I had an
opportunity of comparing a sufficient series from western Matto Grosso (14), including
Pelzeln's types, with a satisfactory number of topotypical examples of T. hetero-
cercus (17) from e. Bolivia. The careful study of this material for the use of which I
am under great obligations to the authorities of the American Museum of Natural
History, New York City, and the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, reveals the iden-
tity of the two "species," the markings of the tail in the males and the coloration of
the female being nearly the same in the two series. In all of the Bolivian, and in
five males from Urucum, only the three outer tail feathers have a white marginal
stripe on the outer web ; in two others from Urucum, and one (in first annual plumage)
from Engenho do Gama there is also a narrow streak on the fourth rectrix (from
without), and in the type of sticturus from Eng. do Gama, as well as in one male from
Urucum, this is even faintly indicated on the two median pairs of rectrices. In col-
oration of under parts, both sexes from Bolivia are practically identical with those
from w. Matto Grosso.

MEASUREMENTS

WING TAIL BILL

Two 0*0" from Engenho do Gama, w. Matto Grosso 63,68 53,54 16
Eight o"c? from Urucum, sw. Matto Grosso 64(once), 67-70 50,52-56 15-17

Eight o" o" from e. Bolivia 68-70 52-58 15-17

One 9 from Engenho do Gama, w. Matto Grosso 65 54 17

Six 9 9 from Urucum, sw. Matto Grosso 64-67^ 52-54

Eleven 9 9 from e. Bolivia 65-68 52-57
E. H.

96 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

(?) Thamnophilus stictocephalus PELZELN," Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 77, 146
(SSo Vicente, w. Matto Grosso; type in Vienna Museum examined).

Thamnophilus heterocercus BERLEPSCH, Ornis, 14, Feb. 1907, p. 367 (Santa Cruz,
e. Bolivia; types in Berlepsch Collection examined); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool.,
28, 1921, p. 126 (crit.; Chiquitos and Puerto Suarez, e. Bolivia).

Range: Southwestern Brazil, in western Matto Grosso on the head-
waters of the Rio Paraguay (Corumbd, Urucum) and Rio Guapore
(Engenho do Gama), and eastern Bolivia (Puerto Suarez, 15 km. west
of Corumbd, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Monte de Basilico, Cercado de
Santa Cruz, Rio Mapaiso, Dept. Santa Cruz; Buenavista, Rio Surutu,
Prov. del Sara; Guanacos, Prov. del Cordillera).

Thamnophilus punctatus pelzelni Hellmayr, subsp. nov.b EASTERN
SPOTTED-TAILED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus sticturus (not of PELZELN) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 76,
144 (part; "var." from Goyaz).

Thamnophilus ambiguus sticturus (not of PELZELN) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15,
1908, p. 66 (Goyaz, Faz. Esperanca, Rio Araguaya, Prov. Goyaz; crit.),
67 (part; Sao Paulo, Chapada, e. Matto Grosso, Goyaz).

Thamnophilus ambiguus (not of SWAINSON) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 201 (part; Chapada); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5, 1893,
p. 115 (Chapada, Matto Grosso); JEERING, Rev. Mus. Paul,. 5, 1902, p. 274
(Rincao, Jaboticabal, n. Sao Paulo); idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 199
(part; Avanhandava, Bebedouro, Rincao, Itapura, Bauru, Jaboticabal;
spec, examined) ; REISER, Denkschr. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76,
1910, p. 65 (Santa Rita, nw. Bahia; Parnagua, Lake of Missao, s. Piauhy;
spec, examined).

Range: Interior of Brazil (central table land), from eastern Matto
Grosso (plateau of Chapada) and northern Sao Paulo (Tiete"-Parana
district), through State of Goyaz east to western and central Bahia

• The type of T. stictocephalus PELZELN is almost certainly an individual variant
of T.\p. sticturus, from which it only differs by having the under parts decidedly
darker gray, with very little whitish admixture along the middle line of the abdomen,
and by the feathers of the crown being spotted with white near their base. This latter
character, which reminds of T. p. leucogaster, is most probably individual, and the
darker gray under surface does not appear to be of great importance either, since
one of the males from Urucum comes veiy near in that respect. The outer tail feathers
are undeveloped in the sheaths, the two median pairs (the only ones full-grown) are
uniform black, edged with white at the tip, exactly as in the majority of sticturus.
Wing 67; tail 54. It is well to remember that the type locality, Sao Vicente, is
only a few miles from Engenho do Gama, the terra typica of sticturus. — C. E. H.

b Thamnophilus punctatus pelzelni HELLMAYR, subsp. nov.

Type in collection of Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York, No. 33,937, cf ad.
Abrilongo, near Chapada, e. Matto Grosso, Feb. 21, 1885, H. H. Smith Coll.

Characters. Male similar to T. p. sticturus of w. Matto Grosso (upper Paraguay
and Guapor£ Rivers), but with more white in the tail; the rectrices, at least the three
median pairs, having also on the inner web a distinct white marginal stripe, while
the corresponding stripe of the outer web is always well marked on all the rectrices.
Female with ochraceous color below deeper and more extensive, sometimes covering

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 97

(Macaco Secco, near Andarahy), Ceara, Piauhy and Maranhao
(Miritiba).

8: Matto Grosso (Chapada 3, Abrilongo i) 4, Ceara Qua, near Iguatu)
3, central Bahia (Macaco Secco, near Andarahy) i.

*Thamnophilus punctatus ambiguus Swainson.* SWAINSON'S SPOTTED-
TAILED ANT SHRIKE.

[Thamnophilus naevius] var. a? T. ambiguus SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., 2, No. 5,
April 1825, p. 91 (descr. o* ad.; "two birds brought to England from Minas
Geraes by Dr. Such . . ."; as type locality we have to consider the vicinity
of Campos, on the confines of the states Minas and Rio de Janeiro, se. Brazil).

[Thamnophilus naevius} var. b. T. pUeatus idem, 1. c., p. 91 (Catinga woods of
Bahia; descr. of c?1 in first annual plumage).

Thamnophilus ferrugineus idem, 1. c., p. 92 (Catinga woods of Bahia; =9).

Thamnophilus nigricans WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831, p. 1006 (se.
Brazil, no locality specified); BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856,
p. 96 (se. Brazil); EULER, Journ. Ornith., 15, 1867, p. 194, 402 (breeding
habits).

Lanius alveolus (Cuvier Ms.) PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, livr. 3, 1855, p. 329
(Brazil; type in Paris Museum examined; = d" juv.).

Thamnophilus naevius (not of GMELIN) VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat.,
nouv. 6d., 3, 1816, p. 316 ("Br6sil"; = d" ad.); LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag.
Zool., (2nd ser.), 5, 1853, p. 338 (ex VIEILLOT).

Thamnophilus pileatus SCLATER, Edinb. New Philos. Journ., (n. s.), I, 1855,
p. 245 (Bahia; ex SWAINSON).

Thamnophilus ambiguus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 213 (se. Brazil);
PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 76 (Sapitiba, Registo do Sai, Rio de Janeiro);

the entire lower parts with exception of throat, and without the pure white abdominal
area, the middle of the belly being but slightly paler buffy than the rest.

Wing (<?) 67-71, (9) 65-71 ; tail 55-61 ; bill 15-17.

Remarks. The male of this form which I formerly had misidentified as sticturus,
agrees with it in the pale cinereous color below, passing into an extensive white area
on the abdomen, and resembles it also in the small, slender bill, but may be easily
recognized by the greater amount of white on the tail feathers. Only one from
Chapada does not differ in the tail markings from sticturus of w. Matto Grosso.
Birds from Ceara, Piauhy, Maranhao (Miritiba) and Santa Rita, Rio Preto (nw.
Bahia) agree perfectly with those from Goyaz, Chapada and Sao Paulo (Rincao,
S. Jeronymo, Jaboticabal, Itapura), and a male from near Andarahy, c. Bahia, is
likewise an extreme example of pelzelni, showing not the slightest approach to
ambiguus of the coast region of Bahia. Examined: 29 Chapada; 15 Goyaz; 5 n.
S. Paulo; 4 Piauhy; 2 Santa Rita, Bahia; i Macacco Secco, Bahia; 3 Ceara; 2 Mar-
anhao.—C. E. H.

• Thamnophilus punctatus ambiguus SWAINSON: Male differs from T. p. pelzelni
and T. p. sticturus by much darker slate gray under parts, with but little whitish
suffusion along abdominal line, and by all the rectrices being marked on either web
with a veiy distinct white marginal stripe; female with under parts much darker and
duller, deep brownish buff, without any white in the middle, and more like T. p. punc-
tatus, but decidedly darker; bill larger and stouter. Wing (d") 68-74, (9) 68-71;
tail (c?) 55-62, (9) 58-61; bill, 17-18. Seventeen specimens, eight from Rio, nine
from Bahia examined. — C. E. H.

98 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., a, 1889, p. 248 (notes on types of
T. nigricans WIED); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 201 (part;
Bahia, Rio de Janeiro); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, 1900, p. 158 (Canta-
gallo); HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 660
(diag. d", 9 ; e. Brazil, from Bahia to Rio; excl. S. Paulo); JHERING and
JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 199 (part; Bahia; Porto Cachoeiro, Esp.
Santo).

Thamnophilus ambiguus ambiguus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 67 (Bahia,
Rio de Janeiro, s. "Minas Geraes" [ex Such]); LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., xa,
(2), 1920, p. 98 (s. Bahia).

Erionotus ambigutts CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., aa, 1874, p. 86 (Cantagallo).

Range: Coast region of southeastern Brazil, from the environs of
the City of Bahia to Rio de Janeiro.

3: Bahia (S. Amaro).

Thamnophilus cinereiceps Pelzeln. GRAY-CAPPED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus cinereiceps PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 77, 145 (Mara-
bitanas, upper Rio Negro [types]; Rio Vaup6, nw. Brazil; types in Vienna
Museum examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 201 ("Oyapoc,
Cayenne"'); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 70 (Maipures,
Munduapo, Perico, Mataben, upper Orinoco, Venezuela); HELLMAYR,
Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 658 (Marabitanas,
Rio Negro, Maipures, Orinoco; crit.); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun.
Braz., i, 1907, p. 199 (Rio Negro, Venezuela); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15,
1908, p. 152 ("Oyapoc, Cayenne," [*] ex SCLATER); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 272 (Rio Negro; "Guayana").

Erionotus cinereiceps CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 276
(from the Falls of Atures upwards; Boca de Sina, Rio Cununcunuma, upper
Orinoco).

Range: Venezuela, on the upper Orinoco, from the Falls of Atures
southward, and on the adjoining stretches of the Rio Negro (near
Marabitanas) and its affluent, the Rio Vaupe", in northwestern Brazil."

Thamnophilus amazonicus Sclater. AMAZONIAN ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus amazonicus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., a6, 1858, p. 214, pi. 139,
fig. i, 2 (types from "Upper Amazons [Bates]" =Rio Javarri; Brit. Guiana
[ex Schomburgk]) ; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 174 (types from
"Upper Amazons"); SCLATER and SAL YIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 185

• The locality "Oyapoc, Cayenne" is without doubt erroneous. The four speci-
mens in the British Museum were purchased from a dealer and have no original
labels. A female in the Paris Museum secured by Geay at Saint Georges d'Oyapoc, as
well as two others taken by E. Le Moult near Saint- Jean-du-Maroni, French Guiana,
and preserved in the Munich Museum, pertain to T. amazonicus or a slightly differ-
entiated race of it.

T. cinereiceps most probably is merely a geographical representative of T. ama-
zonicus.— C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 99

(upper Ucayali); idem, 1. c., 1867, p. 575 (Pard, Capim River); idem, 1. c.,
1873, p. 273 (upper Ucayali); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 77 (Borba,
Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira; Villa Maria ( = San Luis de Caceres), Engenho
do Gama, w. Matto Grosso; spec, in Vienna Museum examined); LA YARD,
Ibis, 1873, p. 386 (Para); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 10 (upper
Ucayali; Loretoyacu, R. Maranon, e. Peru); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
IS, 1890, p. 199 (Rio Capim, Pard; Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Rio Takutu,
Brit. Guiana; Oyapoc); GOELDI, Ibis, 1903, p. 499 (Rio Capim); HELLMAYR,
Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 366 (S. Antonio do Prata, Pard); idem, Abhandl.
Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 2. Kl., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 658 (Borba, Engenho do Gama,
Pard); idem, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 370 (Borba, Rio Madeira); JHERING
and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Brazil., i, 1907, p. 198 (Santarem) ; SNETHLAGE,
Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 43 (Pard, S. Antonio, Ourem, R. Acard); idem,
1. c., 56, 1908, p. 510 (Bella Vista, R. Tapaj6z), 531 (Arumatheua, R. Tocan-
tins); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 152 (Ipousin, Rio Approuague;
Rio Tigr6, ne. Peru; "Bogota"), 319 (St. Georges d'Oyapock, Ouanary);
HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 341 (S. Isabel, Rio Preto; Calama, Rio
Madeira; Maroins, Rio Machados); idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr.
Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 43 (Ipitinga, Peixe-Boi), 92 (Pard localities);
SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 272 (Pard, Ananindeua, Benevides,
Maguary, Apehu, S. Isabel, Peixe-Boi, Quati-puru, S. Antonio do Prata;
Rio Guamd (S. Maria do S. Miguel, Ourem); R. Capim (Aproaga), R. Acard,
R. Tocantins (MazagSo, Baiao, Arumatheua), R. Iriri (Bocca do Curud),
R. Tapaj6z (Bella Vista, Villa Braga), Rio Jamauchim (Tucunar6), Rio
Purtis (Bom Lugar); R. Jary (S. Antonio da Cachoeira); BEEBE, Trop.
Wild Life, i, 1917, p. 132 (Bartica); PENARD, Auk, 36, 1919, p. 219 (Brit.
Guiana).

Erionotus amazonicus CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 18 (numerous
localities in British Guiana).

Thamnophilus (ruficollis) (not of SPIX [?]) (a) CABANIS in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit.
Guiana, 3, 1848, p. 687 (coastal forests of British Guiana); SCLATER, Edinb.
New Philos. Journ., (n. s.), i, 1855, p. 247 (Chamicuros, e. Peru; descr. 9);
SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 423 (Bartica Grove, Camacusa); SNETHLAGE, Journ.
Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 15 (Bom Lugar, R. Purus).

Thamnophilus [ruficollis ?] ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 94 ("Yun-
gas," Boh' via).

Thamnopkilus naevius (not of GMELIN) SCLATER, Edinb. New Philos. Journ., (n.s.),
*» 1855, p. 242 (part; Pard).

Thamnophilus ambiguus (not of SWAINSON) MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10,
1904, p. 174 (St. Georges d'Oyapock, Ouanary, French Guiana; spec, in Paris
Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Amazonia, from Maranhao and Pard to eastern Peru,b

• Thamnophilus ruficollis SPIX (Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 27, pi. 37, fig. i [= 9], no
locality given ; type lost, formerly in Munich Museum) may refer to either T. ama-
tonicus or T. cinerciceps; see HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22,
No. 3, 1906, p. 657.

b Probably extending north to some part of e. Colombia, since there is an unmis-
takable "Bogotd" skin in the Berlepsch collection. — C. E. H.

ioo FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

south to western Matto Grosso and northeastern Bolivia; French and
British Guiana.*

4: Brazil (Tury-assu, Maranhao 4).

Thamnophilus insignis Salvin and Godman. RORAIMA ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus insignis SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, 1884, p. 450 (Roraima, Brit.

Guiana); SALVIN, 1. c., 1885, p. 424 (Roraima); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,

15, 1890, p. 199, pi. 13 (cfi 9) (Roraima).
Erionotus insignis CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 19 (Roraima).

Range: Roraima Mountains, British Guiana.

Thamnophilus caerulescens paraguayensis Hellmayr* APA RIVER
ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus paraguayensis HELLMAYR, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14, Feb. 1904,
P- 53 (Colonia Risso, Rio Apa, n. Paraguay); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR,
Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 26 (San Salvador, n. Paraguay).

Thamnophilus caerulescens paraguayensis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921,
p. 200 in text (crit.; n. Paraguay).

Thamnophilus caerulescens (not of VIEILLOT) SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 10,
No. 208, 1895, p. 33 (Colonia Risso, n. Paraguay).

Thamnophilus ambiguus (not of SWAINSON) KERR, Ibis, 1892, p. 134 (Portin
Nueve, Rio Pilcomayo, Chaco).

Range : Northern Paraguay (Colonia Risso, Rio Apa ; San Salvador)
and Paraguayan Chaco (Fortin Nueve, Fort Wheeler,0 Rio Pilcomayo). d

*Thamnophilus caerulescens caerulescens Vieillot. BLUISH-GRAY ANT
SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus caerulescens* VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 3,
1816, p. 311 (based on "Batara negro y aplomado" Azara No. 213: Paraguay;
= o" ad.); LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 5, 1853, p. 338 (descr. cf;
Brazil and Paraguay); SCLATER, Edinb. New Phil. Journ., (n. s.), i, 1855,
p. 244 (part; Paraguay); PELZELN, Reise Novara, Zool., I, Vogel, 1865,

• A series from the vicinity of Maranhao (State of MaranhSo), ne. Brazil agree
with birds from Para. Several females from French Guiana (St. Georges d'Oyapoc,
S. Jean du Maroni) are slightly different and may represent a separable race. —
C. E. H.

b Thamnophilus caerulescens paraguayensis HELLMAYR: Male similar to T. c. caeru-
lescens of s. Paraguay and se. Brazil, but under parts white instead of bluish gray,
and margins to inner secondaries ("tertials") hoary (not bluish slate gray). 9 un-
known. Wing (of four cfcf) 68-72; tail, 64-67; bill, 15.

0 An adult male secured on Sept. 20, 1916, by Geo. K. Cherrie, in the collection
of the Amer. Mus. of Nat. Hist., New York City.— C. E. H.

d Whether Thamnophilus caerulescens (not of VIEILLOT) C. B. GRANT (Ibis,
1911, p. 136), from "Arjerichi, Paraguay", ( = right bank of Rio Parana, opposite
Tebicuari, Terr. Formosa, Argentina) belongs to T. c. paraguayensis or T. c. dinellii
can only be decided by re-examination of the specimen, presumably in collection
of British Museum. — C. E. H.

• Sometimes spelled coerulescens.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 101

p. 69 (foothills of the Corcovado, Rio de Janeiro*); BERLEPSCH, Zeits. ges.
Orn., 2, 1885, p. 148 in text (Rio de Janeiro"); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 200 (part; Paraguay, se. Brazil); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4,
1900, p. 158 (Cantagallo) ; HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22,
No. 3, 1906, p. 660 (crit. ; diag. o", 9 ; Sapucay, Paraguay; S. Paulo, Minas
Geraes); JHERING and JEERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 198 (Itatiba,"
Ypiranga, Tie'te', Ribeiro Pires, Bauru, Rio Feio, S. Paulo); CHUBB, Ibis,
1910, p. 520 (Sapucay, Paraguay)."

Thamnophilus caerulescens caendescens HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 199
(Sapucay, Villa Rica, c. Paraguay; S. Paulo and w. Minas Geraes, se. Brazil).

Erionotus caerulescens CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 22, 1874, P- 86 (Cantagallo,
Rio»).

Erionotus caerulescens caerulescens DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires,
23, 1912, p. 303 (Villa Rica, c. Paraguay).

Thamnophilus auratus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 3, 1816,
p. 312 (based on "Batara pardo dorado" Azara No. 214; Paraguay; = 9 ad.).

Thamnophilus albonotatus SPIX, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 27, pi. 37, fig. 2 (=d")
(Brazil; type in Munich Museum examined); HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl.
Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 658, 66 1 (crit.; Cantagallo, Petropolis,
Rio)*.

Thamnophilus caerulescens albonotatus JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz.,
i, 1907, p. 198 (Campos do Jordao, Piquete, S. Paulo; Itatiaya," Vargem
Alegre, near Marianna, Minas Geraes); LUDERWALDT, Zool. Jahrb., (Syst.),
27, 1909, p. 350 (Campos Itatiaya, Serra Mantiqueira)'; HELLMAYR, Nov.
Zool., 28, 1921, p. 200, in text (Rio de Janeiro and e. Minas Geraes).

Thamnophilus naevius (not of GMELIN) SWAINSON, Ornith. Drawings, Part 5,
1839, pi. 59 (d* ad.); BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 94
(Novo Friburgo, Rio); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 76 (Ypanema,
S. Paulo)b; REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturh. Foren. Kjobenh., 1870,
p. 367 (Lagoa Santa, Taboleiro Grande, Minas; Sao Carlos, S. Paulo; Novo
Friburgo, Rio; crit.); PELZELN, Nunquam otios., 2, 1874, p. 291 (Novo
Friburgo); BOUCARD and BERLEPSCH, Humming Bird, 2, 1892, p. 44 (Porto
Real, Rio)»; JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 1898, p. 237 (Ribeirao Pires,
Tiet£, S. Paulo); idem, 1. c., 4, 1900, p. 158 (Novo Friburgo).

Thamnophilus ventralis SCLATER, Edinb. New Phil. Journ., (n. s.), i, 1855, p. 244
("South Brazil"; type in British Museum examined).

• Specimens examined by C. E. H.

b The distinction between T. c. caerulescens (from s. Paraguay and S. Paulo)
and T. c. albonotatus (from the mountain ranges on the confines of the Brazilian
states of Rio and Minas) which I have advocated in my revision of Spix's types
cannot be maintained in the light of additional material received since that time.
The amount of black on the upper parts, the intensity of the slate gray below, the
coloration of the under tail coverts and the extent of the white marginal stripe on the
outer web of the external rectrix prove to be exceedingly variable in a series of fifteen
males from Victoria, S. Paulo, some of which are even darker slate gray underneath,
with more strongly barred crissum than the types of albonotatus and tephrogaster, while
several others from Serra do Itatiaya are hardly distinguishable from the Sao Paulo
average. Females are not distinguishable either, although those from Rio de Janeiro
are, as a rule, slightly darker. Ten examples from w. Minas (Lagoa Santa; Agua
Suja near Bagagem) are practically identical with the S. Paulo series which I am
unable to separate from topotypical Paraguayan birds. — C. E. H.

io2 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnophilus pileatus (not of SWAINSON) BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras.,

3, 1856, p. 95 (Lagoa Santa, Minas); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858,

p. 213 (part).
Tamnophilus pileatus MIRANDA, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 13, 1906,

p. 184 (Retire do Ramos, Itatiaya).
Thamnophilus ochrus OBERHOLSER, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 14, 1901, p. 188

(Sapucay, c. Paraguay; type examined by C. E. H.; =9 ad.); idem, Proc.

U. S. Mus., 25, 1902, p. 130 (Sapucay).
Thamnophilus tephrogaster OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Mus., 25, 1902, p. 59

("Bahia," the type in the U. S. National Museum, examined by C. E. H.,

is a tradeskin of the ordinary "Rio" make; = d* ad.).

Range: Central and southern Paraguay (Villa Rica, Sapucay),
thence ranging (apparently through the yet unexplored western division
of the State of Parana) to the northern and eastern districts of Sao
Paulo, and to the states Minas Geraes and Rio de Janeiro.

14: Brazil (Victoria, S. Paulo 9, Faz. Cayoa, Salto Grande, Rio Par-
anapanema, S. Paulo 3; Rio das Velhas, near Lagoa Santa, Minas
Geraes 2).

*Thamnophilus caerulescens cearensis (Cory}.* GEAR A ANT SHRIKE.

Erionotus cearensis CORY, Auk, 36, No. i, Jan. 1919, p. 88 (Serra Baturite',
Ceara, ne. Brazil).

Range: Northeastern Brazil, State of Ceara (Serra Baturit^).
i: Ceara (Serra Baturit^), the type i.

Thamnophilus caerulescens gilvigaster Pelzeln.* TAWNY-BELLIED
ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus gilvigaster PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 76 (Curytiba,
Parana, se. Brazil; types in Vienna Museum examined); HELLMAYR, Abhandl.
2. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 661 (crit.; Parana, Santa Catha-
rina, Rio Grande do Sul, s. Brazil; Corrientes, Misiones, ne. Argentina);
JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 199 (Itarar6, sw. S. Paulo;
spec, examined); CHROSTOWSKI, Compt. Rend. Soc. Sci. Varsovie, 5, 1912,
p. 477, 496 (Vera Guarany, Rio Iguassu, Est. Parana); MENEGAUX, Rev.
Prang. d'Orn., No. no, 1918, p. 317 (Villa Lutetia, near San Ignacio, Misiones).

Thamnophilus caerulescens gilvigaster HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 198,
199 (Corrientes; range, crit.).

• Thamnophilus caerulescens cearensis (CORY) : Male (only known specimen) differs
from a considerable series of T. c. caerulescens by decidedly larger, stronger bill
and by having the forehead (as far back as the anterior angle of the eye) slate gray.
Wing 73; tail 59; bill 18. While the characters of this form should be confirmed
by additional material, there can be no question about its being specifically distinct
from the T, punctatus-ambiguus group.— -C. E. H.

b Thamnophilus caerulescens gilvigaster PELZELN: Male differs from T. c. caeru-
lescens by having the flanks and under tail coverts ochraceous buff; female generally
with crown more rufous. Intermediates to caerulescens are not uncommon.— C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 103

Thamnophilus maculatus (not of SUCH, 1825) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY,
Syn., Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, 1837, p. n (Corrientes; types in Paris
Museum examined); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. m6rid., Ois., 1838, p. 172
(Itaty, s. bank of R. Parana, Corrientes); LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool.,
(2nd ser.), 5, 1853, p. 339 (Corrientes); SCLATER, Edinb. New Phil. Journ.,
(n. s.), i, 1855, p. 246 (Corrientes; ex D'ORBIGNY) ; BERLEPSCH and JHERING,
Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, 1885, p. 148 (Taquara do Mundo Novo, Arroio Grande,
Rio Grande do Sul); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 201 ("Pelo-
tas," Rio Grande do Sul) ; JHERING, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul para
1900, 1899, p. 130 (Mundo Novo),

Thamnophilus pileatus (not of SWAINSON) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858,
p. 213 (part; Corrientes).

Thamnophilus caerulesccns (not of VIEILLOT) BURMEISTER, Reise La PI. Staat.,
2, 1 86 1, p. 472 (part; City of Parana, Corrientes; spec, in Mus. Nac. Buenos
Aires examined); WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 614 (Santo Tom6, Cor-
rientes; San Javier, Concepcion, Misiones; spec, now in Tring Museum
examined); BARROWS, Auk, i, 1884, p. 21 (La Concepcion, lower Uruguay,
Entrerios; nest descr.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 200 (part;
a, Uruguay; c, d, Misiones); APLIN, Ibis, 1894, p. 185 (Arroyo Grande,
Santa Elena, Prov. Soriano, Uruguay; spec, in British Museum examined).

Erionotus gilvigaster TREMOLERAS, El Hornero, 2, 1920, p. 19 (Uruguay).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Sao Pedro de Harare* (in south-
western section of State of Sao Paulo) through the eastern parts of
Parana (Curytiba; Roca Nova, Serra do Mar), Santa Catharina (Lagu-
na) and Rio Grande do Sul to Uruguay, and through Misiones to Cor-
rientes and Entrerios, northeastern Argentina, this latter area being, to
the north and west, bounded by the Rio Parana.

*Thamnophilus caerulescens dinellii Berkpsch.* DINELLI'S ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus dinellii BERLEPSCH, Bull. B. O. C., 16, May 1906, p. 99 ("Tucu-
man," lapsu; the type in the Berlepsch Collection examined by C. E. H. is
from the Estancia Isca Yacu, Prov. Santiago del Estero, nw. Argentina);
idem, Onus, 14, Feb. 1907, p. 368 ("Tucuman").

Thamnophilus gilvigaster dinellii HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, 1909,
p. 221 (San Vicente, Mocovi, Prov. Santa Fe; Tapia, Tucuman).

Thamnophilus caerulescens dinellii HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 200 in
text (range).

Thamnophilus naevius (not of GMELIN) BURMEISTER, Journ. Ornith., 8, 1860,
p. 251 (Tucuman; [?] Challao, near Mendoza, only seen).

• Thamnophilus caerulescens dinettii BERLEPSCH : Male differs from T. c. gilvigaster
by having the throat much paler (whitish, slightly freckled with gray), the breast
bright buff (instead of cinereous) and the middle of the abdomen decidedly buff (not
whitish); besides, lores and superciliary stripe are more whitish, and the white
marginal spot on the outer web of the external rectrix is much smaller. Female also
recognizable by its buffy whitish (instead of grayish) throat, and bright ochraceous
buff under parts without any olive grayish suffusion on foreneck and chest. Wing
70-73; tail 68-74; bill 14-15- Fifteen specimens from Santa F£, Santiago del Estero,
Salta, and Tucuman (Tapia, Santa Ana) examined. — C. E. H.

104 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnophilus coerulescens (not of VIEILLOT) BURMEISTER, Reise La Plata St.,

2, 1 86 1, p. 472 (part; Tucuman; [?] Mendoza).
Thamnophilus caerulescens (not of VIEILLOT) SALVIN, Ibis, 1880, p. 360 (Salta;

spec, in Brit. Mus. examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 200

(part; spec, g, h, ex Salta); LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, 1902, p. 192

(Tucuman, Tapia); idem, Rev. letr. y cienc. soc. Tucuman, 3, 1905, p. 54

(same localities); BAER, Ornis, 12, 1904, p. 223 (Santa Ana, Tapia, Tucuman;

spec, examined).
Thamnophilus maculatus (not of LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) SALVADORI,

Boll. Mus. Torino, 12, No. 292, 1897, p. 22 (San Lorenzo, Jujuy; Aguai-

renda, Prov. Tarija, se. Bolivia).
Thamnophilus gilvicollis (lapsu) BRUCH, Rev. Mus. La Plata, n, 1904, p. 254

(Oran, Salta).
Thamnophilus gilvigaster (not of PELZELN) DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires,

18, 1910, p. 283 (Oran, Salta; San Lorenzo, Jujuy; Mocovi, Chaco).

Range: Northwestern Argentina, from the right bank of the Par-
and in Prov. Sante Fe (Ocampo, S. Vicente, Mocovi) to Prov. Santiago
del Estero, Tucuman, Salta, Jujuy, and the southern border of Bolivia
(Aguairenda, near Caiza, Dept. Tarija).

5: Argentina (Tartagal, Salta i, Ocampo 3, S. Vicente i).

Thamnophilus connectens Berlepsch.* BOLIVIAN ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus connectens BERLEPSCH, Ornis, 14, Feb. 1907, p. 369 (Samaipata
[type], Holguin, e. Bolivia; the original series, including type, examined in
Berlepsch Collection; descr. cf ).

Range: Eastern Bolivia, in Prov. Valle Grande, southern portion
of Dept. of Santa Cruz (Samaipata, Holguin).

* Thamnophilus connectens BERLEPSCH is an extremely interesting "species,"
forming the connecting link between the plain bellied T. caerulescens dinellii, of
nw. Argentina and the barred-bellied 7*. aspersiventer of w. Bolivia, geographically
as well as in its characters.

The males (I have seen no female) are much like dinellii, but have more black and
white on the upper back, longer white apical spots on the lateral rectrices, and the
throat of a purer white (less buffy), more or less variegated with gray. There is,
however, an unusual amount of variation in the four males before me. While the
type (adult male, Samaipata, July 24, 1890, Gustav Garlepp coll. No. 761) closely
resembles T. aspersiventer on the upper parts, except for having narrow ash gray edges
on the anterior back; three other specimens (one of them in first annual plumage)
have the crown only black, the back mostly olive gray, with a varying amount of black
in the middle, the uropygial feathers tipped with buff, and the upper tail coverts ciner-
eous with a black subapical band and a large white tip, agreeing with T. c. dinellii
in all of these points. Even greater are the differences on the lower parts. In the
type, the throat is ashy gray streaked with whitish, and obsoletely barred with darker
gray on lower portion; foreneck and chest are grayish white, irregularly, but broadly
barred with black; middle of breast and abdomen white, with a few indistinct gray-
ish vermiculations; flanks buff, under tail coverts white, with broad edges of bright
buff. In another adult from Samaipata (July 23, 1890, Collector's No. 756), the
throat and foreneck are chiefly white, variegated with grayish ; the remainder of the
under parts buff, deeper on flanks and tail coverts. Finally, an adult male from

IQ24- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 105

*Thamnophilus aspersiventer Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny.* BARRED-
BELLIED ANT SHRIKE.

Tamnophilus aspersiventer LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag.
Zool., 7, cL 2, 1837, p. 10 (Prov. Yungas, Bolivia; types in Paris Museum
examined).

Thamnophilus aspersiventer D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. meiid., Ois., 1838, p. 171
pi. 4, fig. i (d*)i 2 (9 sub. nom. T. schistaceus) (Prov. Yungas, Sicasica and
Ayupaya); LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 7, 1844, p. 83 (Bolivia "et in Colombia,"
errore!); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 148 ("Bogota" [errore] ex
LAFRESNAYE); idem, Edinb. New Philos. Journ., (n. s.)f i, 1885, p. 242
(Sicasica, Ayupaya, Yungas of Bolivia); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921,
p. 197 (western Yungas of Bolivia).

Thamnophilus aspersiventris SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 217 (Bolivia
(o*, 9 descr.); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862, p. 175 (Bolivia); SCLATER
and SALVIN, P. Z. S., Lond., 1879, p. 623 (Simacu, Tilotilo, Yungas of La
Paz) ; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 206 (Tilotilo, Simacu, Bolivia).

Range: Yungas of western Bolivia (Dept. of La Paz and western
Cochabamba).

i: Bolivia (Jatumpampa, Cochabamba, Todos Santos Trail).

*Thamnophilus melanchrous Sclater and Solving PERUVIAN BLACK
ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus melanchrous SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond .,1876, p. 16, 18,
pl« 3 (&) (Huiro, Urubamba Valley, Peru; type in British Museum exam-
ined); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Peiou, 2, 1884, p. n (descr. <f ex Huiro).

Holguin (July 11, 1890, Collector's No. 709) and one in first annual plumage
(Samaipata, July 23, 1890, No. 751) have the throat whiter, with a slight buffy tinge,
and differ from T. c. dinellii only by somewhat lighter buff chest and the slightly
grayish vermiculations on the throat.

Count Berlepsch gave an excellent description of this bird, but after going over
the same material, I cannot concur with his view that the specimens resembling
dinellii in coloration constitute an immature stage. Two of them are undoubtedly
adult, and I feel sure, the striking variability is purely individual and not due to age.
There is also the possibility of the type specimen being a hybrid between aspersi~
venter and dinellii. More material of this "species" is highly desirable.

Three males measure as follows: wing 72, 73, 73; tail 67, 70, 72; bill i4#, 15,
15.— C. E. H.

*• Thamnophilus aspersiventer LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY: Twenty-five speci-
mens from the Yungas of La Paz (S. Antonio, S. Cristobal, Sandillani, Chaco, Tanam-
paya, Songo, Cocapata, Omeja) and one from Jatumpampa (Cochabamba) exam-
ined. The male has the throat and foreneck uniform black; the remainder of the
belly white, broadly squamulated or barred with black or dark gray. The female
differs from that of T. caerulescens dinellii by much darker, deep ochraceous (instead
of buff) under parts, with the throat gray, streaked with paler, and the foreneck
decidedly washed with grayish olive; by having the crown mainly black (instead of
rufescent olive) and the back more brownish, not olive gray.

In spite of its striking differences, I am inclined to regard it as a mere northern
representative of the T. caerulescens group, with which it is connected by T. con-
nectens BERLEPSCH of e. Bolivia.— C. E. H.

b Thamnophilus melanchrous SCLATER and SALVIN is closely allied to, and evi-
dently the northern representative of T. aspersiventer, from which the male differs
only by having the breast and belly uniform black like throat and foreneck (instead

io6 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnophilus luctuosus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10,
(i), 1844, p. 278 (Peru; descr. d"; spec, in Mus. Neuchatel examined); idem,
Faun. Peru., Aves, 1846, p. 172 (between 12 and 14 degrees s. lat. of Peru,
= Dept. Junin; o", 9 in Mus. Neuchatel examined); BURMEISTER, Syst.
Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 93 (descr. d", 9 ex TSCHUDI, excl. hab. "Para");
TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 529 (Paltaypampa).

Thamnophilus subandinus TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 29 (Chacha-
poyas, Chirimoto, Tamiapampa, n. Peru); idem, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 6
(same localities).

Thamnophilus subandinus major TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 7 (descr.
o" ex Paltaypampa, 9 ex coll. Tschudi in Mus. Neuchatel).

Thamnophilus melanochrous SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 191
(Huiro, Chachapoyas) ; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896,
P- 379 (Garita del Sol, Dept. Junin; crit.); idem, Ornis, 13, Sept. 1906, p. 93
(Idma, Sta. Ana Valley) ; MENEGAUX, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., No. ao, 1910, p. 321
(Utcubamba, ne. of Tayabamba) ; CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Mus., No. 117, 1921,
p. 79 (Santa Ana, Idma, San Miguel Bridge, Torontoy, Urubamba region).

Range: Eastern Andes of Peru, from depts. of Amazonas and
Loreto, south to the Urubamba Valley, Dept. Cuzco, chiefly in the
subtropical zone.

7: Peru (Chinchao 5, Molinopampa 2).

*Thamnophilus torquatus Swainson. MEWING ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus torquatus SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., 2, No. 5, April 1825, p. 89
("UrupeV' Bahia, e. Brazil; = d"); SCLATER, Edinb. New Phil. Journ., (n.s.),
i. 1855, p. 239 (diag.); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 220 (diag. o", 9 ;
se. Brazil, Bolivia; excl. syn. T. ruficapillus); BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers.
Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 100 (Lagoa Santa, Minas); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2,
1868, p. 79 (Cuyaba, Matto Grosso; Jos6 Dias, Goyaz) ; REINHARDT, Vidensk.
Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 372 (Lagoa Santa, Minas); SCLATER and
SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, P- 623 (Guarayos, e. Bolivia; ex D'ORBIGNY);
FORBES, Ibis, 1881, p. 347 (Quipapa, Recife, Pernambuco); SCLATER, Cat.
B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 213 (Pernambuco, Bahia, e. Brazil); DUBOIS,
Syn. Av., i, 1901, p. 182, pi. 5, fig. i (o*), 2(9); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul.,
5, 1902, p. 275 (Jaboticabal, Rincao, n. S. Paulo); idem and idem, Cat. Faun.
Braz., i, 1907, p. 201 (Jaboticabal, Rincao, Avanhandava, n. S. Paulo);
HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 68 (Rio Thesouras, Goyaz); MENEGAUX

of barred with black and white). The female may be recognized by lacking the white
apical margins to the upper wing coverts; by having more black on the crown and
nape; the back more grayish; the grayish of the throat extended over the chest, and
the belly much paler ochraceous, etc. Wing (o") 72-75, ( 9 ) 70-74; tail (o*) 66-74,
(9) 64-72; bill is-i6#.

I fail to see any constant difference between fifteen specimens from n. Peru
(depts. of Loreto and Amazonas), including two topotypes of T. subandinus TACZ.
from Tamiapampa, a couple from Garita del Sol, Vitoc (T. s. major TACZ.), five
skins from Chinchao (Dept. Huanuco), and a topotypical o" from Huiro, Urubamba
(r. melanchrous).—C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 107

and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 28 (Guarayos,
Bolivia; Bahia); REISER, Denkschr. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76,
1910, p. 66 (Beberibe, near Recife, Pernambuco; Alagoinhas, Bahia; Santa
Philomena, s. Piauhy).

Thamnophilus scalaris (ex LICHTENSTEIN Ms.) WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3,
(2), 1831, p. 999 (e. Brazil, locality not specified).

Thamnophilus atropileus LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag.
Zool., 7, cl. 2, 1837, p. ii (Guarayos, e. Bolivia; type in Paris Museum
examined by C. E. H.); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Am6r. mend., Ois., 1838, p. 173
(ne. Chiquitos); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 198 (Guarayos; crit.).

Thamnophilus atripileus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2nd ser.), 5, 1853, P- 339
(Guarayos).

Thamnophilus pectoralis SWAINSON, Anim. in Menag., 1838, p. 283 (Bahia).

Rhopochares argentinus CABANIS and HEINE/ Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 17 ("Monte-
video, Buenos Ayres," localities erroneous; types in Mus. Heine examined
by C. E. H.).

Thamnophilus ruficapittus (not of VIEILLOT) ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 2, 1889, p. 249 (notes on types of Th. scalaris WIED); idem, 1. c., 5
1893, p. 118 (one 9, Chapada, Matto Grosso, examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Eastern and central Brazil, from Piauhy and Pernambuco
south to Bahia, western Minas Geraes and northern Sao Paulo (Tiete*
region), west through Goyaz to Matto Grosso, and the adjoining parts
of eastern Bolivia (plains of Guarayos).

i : Brazil (Rio das Velhas, near Lagoa Santa).

Thamnophilus ruficapillus cochabambae (Chapman)* COCHABAMBA
ANT SHRIKE.

Rhopochares cochabambae CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 2, Jan. 1921, p. 2
(Tujima, Prov. Cochabamba [type]; Valle Grande, Prov. Santa Cruz; Perico,

* Rhopochares argentinus CABANIS and HEINE was erroneously synonymized
with T. ruficapittus from which the two male types differ at a glance by their black
(instead of rufous) pileum. The specimen said to be from "Buenos Aires" shows, on
most of the feathers of the hind crown, grayish lateral and olive brownish apical
edges, which are also slightly indicated in some Bahia skins. There can be no ques-
tion as to the localities being wrongly given as "Montevideo" and "Buenos Aires."
The types are of the same preparation and formed part of the same collection as a
skin of Knipolegus nigerrimus labeled "Rio Grande,' in the Heine Collection. This
species being peculiar to se. Brazil (Rio, s. Minas, S. Paulo), it is pretty certain that
the types of R. argentinus, also, originated from this region, probably from S. Paulo.
In size (wing 64, 67; tail 66, 67^), they agree very well with a male from S. Jero-
nymo, Tiete' distr., n. Sao Paulo (wing 66; tail 67), while birds from Bahia are gen-
erally somewhat smaller (wing 62-64; tail 58-60). The type of T. atropileus LAFRES-
NAYE and D'ORBIGNY from Guarayos, e. Bolivia, again is rather large (wing 67;
tail 65).— C. E. H.

b Thamnophilus ruficapillus cochabambae (CHAPMAN): Agrees with T. r. rufi-
capillus in the rufous cap, but differs in the male sex by its smoke gray (instead of
warm earthy brown) back, more grayish sides of head and neck, ashy (not earthy
brown) margins to the central rectrices, and by the lateral tail feathers being indented

io8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnophilus argentinus (not of CABANIS and HEINE) BURMEISTER, Reise La
Plata St., 2, 1861, p. 472 (part; Tucumdn).

Thamnophilus ruficapillus (not of VIEILLOT) SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 12,
No. 292, 1895, p. 22 (San Lorenzo, Jujuy; Tala, Salta); LILLO, Anal. Mus.
Nac. B. Aires, 8, 1902, p. 192 (La Hoyada, Tucuman); idem, Rev. letr. y
cienc. soc. Tucuman, 3, 1905, p. 54 (same locality); BRUCH, Rev. Mus. La
Plata, n, 1904, p. 254 (Rosario de Lerma, Salta); DABBENE, Anal. Mus.
Nac. B. Aires, 18, 1910, p. 284 (part; La Hoyada, Tucumdn; Salta; S. Lor-
enzo, Jujuy).

Range: Central Bolivia (south of the Sierra de Cochabamba) and
northwestern Argentina, in states of Jujuy, Salta and Tucuman.

Thamnophilus ruficapillus ruficapillus Vieillot. RUFOUS-CAPPED ANT
SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus ruficapillus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 3,
1816, p. 318 (ex Azara No. 215: no locality specified, we suggest Corrientes
as terra typica); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 79 (Ypanema, S. Paulo;
Curytiba, Parand) ; idem, Nunq. otios., 2, 1874, p. 291 (Novo Friburgo, Rio);
BERLEPSCH and JEERING, Zeitschr. ges. Ornith., 2, 1885, p. 149 (Taquara,
Rio Grande do Sul); SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Ornith., i, 1888, p. 204
(eastern provinces of Argentina, south to Buenos Aires); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 213 (Buenos Aires, La Plata); BOUCARD and BER-
LEPSCH, The Humming Bird, 2, 1892, p. 44 (Porto Real, Rio); APLIN, Ibis,
1894, p. 185 (Uruguay) ; JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 1899, p. 238 (S. Paulo,
Piracicaba); idem, 1. c., 4, 1900, p. 158 (Novo Friburgo); idem, Annuario
Est. Rio Grande do Sul para 1900, 1899, p. 130 (Mundo Novo, S. Lourenco,
Rio Grande do Sul); idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 201 (Ypiranga,
S. Paulo, Itarare1, Piracicaba, S. Paulo; Vargem Alegre near Marianna, Minas
Geraes;a Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul); HARTERT and VENTURI,
Nov. Zool., 16, 1909, p. 221 (Barracas al Sud, B. Aires); DABBENE, Anal.
Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, 1910, p. 284 (part; Buenos Aires); BERTONI, Faun.
Parag., 1914, p. 51 (Alto Parand, Paraguay).

Rhopochares ruficapillus TREMOLERAS, El Hornero, 2, 1920, p. 19 (Montevideo,
Canelones, Colonia, Uruguay).

Thamnophilus scalaris (not of WIED) BURMEISTER, Journ. Ornith., 8, 1860,
p. 251 (Banda Oriental; Parand, Argentina); EULER, 1. c., 1867, p. 194;
1. c., 1868, p. 190 (breeding habits; Cantagallo, Rio).

Thamnophilus argentinus (not of CABANIS and HEINE) BURMEISTER, Reise La
Plata St., 2, 1861, p. 472 (part; Parand, Banda Oriental); SCLATER and
SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 141 (Conchitas, B. Aires); HUDSON, 1. c.,

with white on the outer web; female distinguishable by the mainly olive gray back
and upper tail coverts, and much paler, whitish buff under parts. Wing (cf ) 69-70,
(9) 66-67; tail (cT) 76-79, (9) 70-72; bill 16-17. Four specimens from the type
locality examined.— C. E. H.

• Probably wrongly identified. Reinhardt records T. torquatus from Marianna.
All specimens I have seen from Rio de Janeiro (Cantagallo, Porto Real) are refer-
able to T. r. ruficapillus, those from western Minas (Lagoa Santa) to T. torquatus. —
C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 109

1870, p. 113 (Buenos Aires); DURNFORD, Ibis, 1877, p. 183 (Buenos Aires);

idem, 1. c., 1878, p. 62 (nest); WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 614 (Santo

Tom6, Corrientes); BARROWS, Auk, i, 1884, p. 21 (Concepcion, Entrerios);

GIBSON, Ibis, 1885, p. 281 (Paysandu, Uruguay).
Rhopochares torquatus (not of SWAINSON) CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 22, 1874,

p. 86 (Cantagallo, Rio; one 9).
Thamnophilus torquatus JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, 1900, p. 158 (Cantagallo;

ex CABANIS).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Prov. Rio de Janeiro to Rio
Grande do Sul; Uruguay; northeastern Argentina (states of Buenos
Aires, Entrerios, Corrientes, and adjoining parts of eastern Paraguay
(Alto Parana).

Thamnophilus ruficapillus subfasciatus Sclater and Salvin.* BARRED-
BREASTED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus subfasciatus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1876, p. 357,
pi. 33 (Tilotilo, Yungas of La Paz, Bolivia) ; idem, 1. c., 1879, p. 623 (Tilotilo) ;
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 214 (Bolivia).

Range : Yungas of La Paz, western Bolivia (Tilotilo, Chaco, Chulu-
mani).

Thamnophilus ruficapillus marcapatae Hellmayr* MARCAPATA ANT
SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus marcapatae HELLMAYR, Verhandl. Orn. Ges. Bay., n, No. i,

Jan. 1912, p. 162 (Chuhuasi, near Ollachea, Rio San Gaban, n. Puno [type];

Marcapata, Dept. Cuzco, se. Peru); idem, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10,

1920, p. 84 (same localities).
(?) Thamnophilus subfasciatus (not of SCLATER and SALVIN) TACZANOWSKI,

P. Z. S. Lond., 1880, p. 201 (Cutervo); idem, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 18

(Cutervo; Cococh6, R. Maranon, n. Peru).

Range: Southeastern Peru, in depts. Puno (Chuhuasi, Sierra of
Carabaya) and Cuzco (Marcapata) ; ( ?) northern Peru (Cutervo, Coco-
cho).

• Thamnophilus ruficapillus subfasciatus SCLATER and SALVIN: Male similar to
T. r. cochabambae in having the back mainly smoky gray; but entire under surface,
except throat and anal region, regularly and closely barred with black on a purer
white ground; lower tail coverts white, barred with gray; white cross bands on inner
web of lateral rectrices narrower and shorter, occupying only the inner half of the
vane. Female much darker, ochraceous instead of buff underneath. Wing (two
o"o") 65^-68, (two 9 9) 6sX-68; tail 63-68; bill 17-18.— C. E. H.

b Thamnophilus ruficapillus marcapatae HELLMAYR: Male differs from T. r. sub-
fasciatus by having the under parts smoky gray; the chest and middle of breast
only barred with black and white, the black bars being at least twice as wide as the
white interspaces (while in its ally, the white bars are about two or three times as
broad as the black ones); the flanks without any brownish wash; the under tail
coverts smoky gray, barely edged with white. Female darker ochraceous beneath
Wing (o*) 67-68, ( 9) 65; tail 63-64; bill 16^-17.— C. E. H.

no FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Genus PYGIPTILA Sclater.

Pygiptila SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 220 (type by subs, desig., SCLATER,
1890, Thamnophilus macidipennis SCLATER).

Pygoptila CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 69 (emendation).
*Pygiptila stellaris (Spix). SPOTTED-WINGED BUSH BIRD.

Thamnophilus stellaris SPIX, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 27, pi. 36, fig. 2 (o") ("in
provincia Parae," type, formerly in Munich Museum, lost); SCLATER, P. Z. S.
Lond., 22, 1854, p. 112 (Quijos, e. Ecuador); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 195 (Guiana, Amazons; spec, examined by C. E. H.); SNETHLAGE,
Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 283 (Para).

Pygiptila stellaris HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, 1906,
p. 657 (crit.; = Thamnophilus maculipennis SCLATER); idem, Nov. Zool., 13,
1906, p. 367 (San Antonio do Prata, Pard; Paramaribo, Surinam); JHERING
and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 202 (Rio Jurud; spec, examined);
HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 61 (Teffe1), 370 (Humaytha, Rio Madeira) ;
idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 344 (Calama); idem, Abhandl. math, naturw. Kl.
Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 43 (Ipitinga, Utinga), 92 (Pard, Utinga,
S. Antonio, Ipitinga); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 279
(upper Orinoco, Caura, Venezuela) ; BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 62, No. 2, 1918, p. 67 (Paramaribo, Lelydorp, Surinam).

Pygoptila stellaris BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 153 (Cayenne); SNETH-
LAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 15 (Bom Lugar, Ponto Alegre, Rio Punis),
p. 510 (Bella Vista, Villa Braga, Goyana, R. Tapaj6z); idem, 1. c., 61, 1913,
p. 528 (habits); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 274 (Pard; Tocantins,
Xingu, Iriri, Curud, Tapaj6z, Jamauchim Rivers; R. Purus).

Thamnophilus maculipennis SCLATER, Edinb. New Philos. Journ., (n. s.), I,
April 1855, p. 247 (orig. descr. o* and 9 ; Quixos, e. Ecuador; Chamicuros,
Peruvian Amazons, the latter being the type locality; see SCLATER, Cat.
Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 176); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 65 (Rio
Napo).

Pygiptila maculipennis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 220 (upper Ama-
zons; Rio Napo; descr.); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 79 (Salto
do Girao, Borba, Rio Madeira; Marabitanas, Rio Amajau, Rio Negro).

Pygoptila maculipennis CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 15 (Cayenne;
spec, examined); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 185 (upper
Ucayali, Sarayacu); idem, 1. c., 1867, p. 750 (Xeberos); idem, 1. c., 1873,
p. 273 (upper Ucayali, Sarayacu, Xeberos; Chamicuros); TACZANOWSKI, 1.
c., 1882, p. 30 (Yurimaguas) ; idem, Ornith. P6rou, 2,1884, P- 26 (Sarayacu,
upper Ucayali, Xeberos, Chamicuros, Yurimaguas; Elvira, Tarapoto, Pebas) ;
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 217 (Iquitos, Chamicuros,
Chyavetas, Peru ; Sarayacu, Rio Napo, e. Ecuador) ; BERLEPSCH and HARTERT,
Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 71 (Munduapo, Nericagua, R. Orinoco; La Union, La
Pricion, Caura); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 439 (Rio Jurud).

Range: From the Guianas and the Orinoco-Caura basin in Ven-
ezuela to Pard, Brazil, and throughout the Amazonian forest region

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. in

westward to the eastern slopes of the Andes in Ecuador and Peru,
south to the Dept. Huanuco (Chuchurras).

2: Peru (Rio Ucayali i, Puerto Bermudez i).

Genus MEGASTICTUS Ridgway.

Megastictus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, 1909, p. 69 (type by orig.
desig. Myrmeciza margaritata SCLATER).

Megastictus margaritatus (Sclater). PEARLY BUSH BIRD.

Myrmeciza margaritata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 22, "1854," publ. April, 1855,

P- 253. pl- 71 (Chamicuros, n. Peru).
Pygiptila margaritata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 221 (Chamicuros);

PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 79 (Marabitanas, Rio Negro);

JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 202 (Rio Negro); HELL-

MAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 344 (Calama, Rio Madeira).
Pygoptila margaritata SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 177 (Peruvian

Amazons); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 750 (Xeberos);

idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 273 (Chamicuros, Xeberos; nest and eggs described);

TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Peiou, 2, 1884, p. 27 (Chamicuros, Xeberos); SCLATER,

Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 217 (Xeberos, Chamicuros); SNETHLAGE,

Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 274 (diagn.).
Range: Eastern Peru and western Brazil (Rio Negro, Rio Madeira). •

Genus NEOCTANTES Sclater.
Neoctantes SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 572 (type Xenops niger PELZELN).

Neoctantes niger (Pelzeln). BLACK BUSH BIRD.

Xenops niger PELZELN, Sitzungsb. Ak. Wiss. Wien, math.-naturw. Kl.f 34,
1859, p. in (Marabitanas, Rio Negro; types in Vienna Museum examined
by C. E. H.).

Pteroptochus niger PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 46 (Marabitanas, Rio Negro).

Neoctantes niger SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 572; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 218 (Marabitanas, Rio Negro, nw. Brazil and Sarayacu, Ecuador).

Range : Northwestern Brazil (Rio Negro) and eastern Ecuador.

Genus CLYTOCTANTES Elliot.
Clytoctantes ELLIOT, P. Z. S. Lond., 1870, p. 242 (type Clytoctantes alixi ELLIOT).

Clytoctantes alixi Elliot. RE CURVED-BILLED BUSH BIRD.

Clytoctantes alixi ELLIOT, P. Z. S. Lond., 1870, p. 242, pi. 20 (Rio Napo, Ecua-

• Birds from Marabitanas and Calama agree well with two topotypes from
n. Peru.— C. E. H.

iia FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

dor); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 219 ("Bogota"); CHAPMAN,
Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 369 (Puerto Valdivia, lower Cauca,
Colombia).

Range: Eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo) and Colombia (Puerto Val-
divia, lower Cauca; "Bogota" collections).*

Genus THAMNISTES Sclater and Salvin.

Thamnistes SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 299 (type Thamnistes
anabatinus SCLATER and SALVIN).

Thamnistes anabatinus anabatinus Sclater and Salvin. TAWNY BUSH
BIRD.

Thamnistes anabatinus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 299 (Choc-
turn, Vera Paz, Guatemala); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 216
(part; Choctum, Cajabon, and Samayoa, Guatemala); SALVIN and GODMAN,
Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 205, pi. 50, fig. i (part; Guatemala).

Thamnistes anabatinus anabatinus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 50,
Part 5, 1911, p. 23 (State of Tabasco, Mexico, Guatemala and British Hon-
duras).

Range: Southeastern Mexico (Tabasco), Guatemala and British
Honduras.

i : Guatemala.

Thamnistes anabatinus saturatus Ridgway. RUSSET BUSH BIRD.

Thamnistes anabatinus saturatus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, 1908,
p. 193 (Bonilla, Costa Rica, 2,600 feet); CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6,
1910, p. 605 (Costa Rican localities, habits, etc.); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat.
Mus., No. 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 23 (part; Costa Rica and w. Panama).

Thamnistes anabatinus (not of SCLATER and SALVIN) SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol.
Centr.-Americ., Aves, a, 1892, p. 205 (part; Costa Rica, Chiriqui).

Range: Costa Rica and western Panama (Chiriqui).

Thamnistes anabatinus coronatus Nelson* NELSON'S BUSH BIRD.

Thamnistes anabatinus coronatus NELSON, Smithson. Misc. Coll., 60, No. 3,
Sept. 1912, p. 9 ( Cana, 3,500 feet alt., e. Panama); BANGS and BARBOUR,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, No. 6, Sept. 1922, p. 206 (Mt. Sap6, Darien).

Range: Eastern Panama (Calobre, Veragua, Canal Zone, Darien).

• Known to the author only from two males at Tring, and one female in the British
Museum, all of the peculiar "Bogota" make.

b Thamnistes anabatinus coronatus NELSON: Similar to T. a. saturatus, but
differs in having the crown dull rufous contrasting with olivaceous brown of back,
and under side of neck and upper breast dull ochraceous buffy, contrasting with the
olivaceous buffy of rest of under parts. This race is unknown to us.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 113

Thamnistes anabatinus intermedius Chapman.* INTERMEDIATE BUSH
BIRD.

Thamnistes anabatinus intermedius CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,

33, 1914, p. 614 (Barbacoas, sw. Colombia); idem, 1. c., 36, 1917, p. 369

(Alto Bonito, Rio Sucio; Barbacoas).
Thamnistes aequatorialis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1861, p. 380 (part; specimen

ex Nanegal, examined by C. E. H.); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862,

p. 176 (part; Nanegal); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 216 (part;

Nanegal).
Thamnistes anabatinus aequatorialis (not of SCLATER) HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9,

1902, p. 611 (Lita and Rio Verde, Prov. Esmeraldas, nw. Ecuador; specimens

in Tring Museum examined).

Range: Tropical zone of western Colombia (from the Rio Sucio
southward) and northwestern Ecuador (Lita, Rio Verde, Prov. Esmer-
aldas; Nanegal, Prov. Pichincha).

Thamnistes anabatinus aequatorialis Sclater. ECUADORIAN BUSH BIRD.

Thamnistes aequatorialis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1861, p. 380 (part; type local-
ity Rio Napo, as designated by Chapman b); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds,
1862, p. 176 (part; Rio Napo); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 216
(part; Rio Napo, Sarayacu, e. Ecuador); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 36, 1917, p. 369 (La Morelia, se. Colombia).

Range: Eastern (Amazonian) slopes of Andes of Colombia ("Bogo-
ta"; La Morelia, Caquetd region) and Ecuador (Rio Napo, Sarayacu).0

*Thamnistes anabatinus rufescens Cabanis. PERUVIAN BUSH BIRD.*

Thamnistes rufescens CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 21, 1873, p. 65 (Monterico,
n. Ayacucho, Peru; descr. o", 9); TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874,
p. 530 (Monterico; Amable Maria, Dept. Junin); idem, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884,

• Thamnistes anabatinus intermedius CHAPMAN: "Similar to T. a. coronatus,
but upper parts, wings and tail darker, the crown between russet and argus brown
instead of cinnamon brown, and more definitely defined from the back, the back
with a russet tinge, the tail hazel rather than cinnamoeous." (CHAPMAN, 1. c.).
Four specimens from nw. Ecuador (Lita, Rio Verde) differ from T. a. aequatorialis
(one femalefrom Sarayacu, e. Ecuador, two males from "Bogota" examined) by having
the crown more extensively and brighter rufous, without light shaft lines; the back
much more brownish; and the lores and superciliary streak paler, less ochraceous. —
C. E. H.

b Although Sclater, in the original description, confused this race with the
w. Ecuadorian T. m. intermedius and did not explicitly designate a type, the name
aequatorialis has, afterwards, been restricted by Chapman to the eastern form.

"Two "Bogotd"- skins differ from an east Ecuadorian specimen by deeper
ochraceous throat and foreneck. — C. E. H.

d Thamnistes anabatinus rufescens CABANIS: Differs from T. a. aequatorialis by
having the crown light brownish olive like the back (not rufous), the forehead only
washed with buff, and generally brighter, more ochraceous under parts. Besides
our specimens, I have examined five more from Marcapata and Huaynapata, Dept.
Cuzco, in the Berlepsch Collection. — C. E. H.

ii4 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

p. 25 (same localities); BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S., Lond., 1896,
p. 381 (La Gloria, Dept. Junin; crit.); idem, Ornis, 13, 1906, p. 116 (Huay-
napata).

Range: Tropical zone of central Peru (depts. Ayacucho, Junin and
Cuzco).

4: Peru (Huachipa).

Genus DYSITHAMNUS Cabanis.

Dysithamnus CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13, (i), 1847, p. 223 (type by sub. desig.,

Gray, 1855, Myiothera strictothorax TEMMINCK).
Silvestrius BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Paraguay, Jan. 1901, p. 136 (type Thamno-

philus (Silvestrius) flavescens BERTONI = Myothera mentalis TEMMINCK).

Dysithamnus stictothorax (Temminck). SPOT-BREASTED BUSH BIRD.

Myothera strictothorax (typog. error") TEMMINCK, Rec. PL col., livr. 30, Jan.
1823, pi. 179, fig. 1,2 ( = d* , 9 ) ("Bresil," the types in the Vienna Museum,
examined by C. E. H., were obtained by Sellow in the State of Bahia).

Thamnophilus strictothorax WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), p. 1013 (Naza-
reth das Farinhas, near Bahia).

Dysithamnus stictothorax HELLMAYR, Verhandl. Orn. Ges. Bay., 12, No. 2, Feb.
1915, p. 147 (Braco do Sul, near Victoria, Espirito Santo; nomencl., range).

Lanius guttulatus LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dub. Berliner Mus., i823b, p. 46 (S. Paulo;
descr. cf).

Dasythamnus guttulatus BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 81
(descr. o", 9 ; S. Paulo, Bahia).

Dysithamnus guttulatus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 221 (descr. cf, 9 ;
hab. part; se. Brazil); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 79 (Bahia); CABANIS,
Journ. Ornith., 1874, p. 86 (Cantagallo, Rio); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 220 (descr. d1, 9 ; Bahia, se. Brazil); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul.,
3, 1899, p. 238 (Iguap6, S. Paulo); idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 202
(Alto da Serra, Ubatuba, Iguape, S. Paulo; Marianna, Minas Geraes).

Dysithamnus gutturalis (lapsu) JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, 1900, p. 158 (Can-
tagallo).

Range: Forest region of southeastern Brazil, from southern Bahia
and eastern Minas Geraes to Sao Paulo (Alto da Serra, Ubatuba,
Iguape").

*Dysithamnus mentalis mentalis (Temminck}. OLIVACEOUS BUSH
BIRD.

Myothera mentalis TEMMINCK, Rec. PL col., livr. 30, Jan. 1823, pi. 179, fig. 3
("Bresil"; the type examined in the Vienna Museum was obtained by J.
Natterer at Curytiba, Parana).

a Corrected to stictothorax in the Index (Tableau methodique), vol. I, p. 18.
b The preface is dated "September 1823."

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 115

Myiothera poliocephala WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831, p. 1098
(se. Brazil; see ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., a, 1889, p. 250).

Dasythamnus mentalis BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p . 82
(se. Brazil).

Dysithamnus mentalis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lend., 26, 1858, p. 221 (descr. cf, 9 ;
hab. part; se. Brazil); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 79 (Registo do Sai,
Rio de Janeiro; Curytiba, Parand; Rio Parana, S. Paulo); REINHARDT,
Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 366 (Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes);
CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 1874, P- 86 (Cantagallo, Rio); BERLEPSCH and
JEERING, Zeit. ges. Orn., 2, 1885, p. 150 (Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul;
Laguna, Sta. Catharina); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 221
(se. Brazil); JEERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 1899, p. 239 (Iguapg, Tiet6,
S. Paulo); idem, 1. c., 4, 1900, p. 158 (Cantagallo); idem, Annuario Estado
Rio Grande do Sul para 1900, 1899, p. 130 (Taquara do Mundo Novo);
EULER, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, 1900, p. 68 (nest and eggs); SALVADORI, Boll.
Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 378, 1900, p. 18 (Tebicuari, Paraguay); OBER-
BOLSER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25, 1902, p. 128 (Sapucay, Paraguay);
JEERING and JEERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 202 (Ypiranga, Tiet6,
Itararfi, Avanhandava, Barretos, Bebedouro, Itapura, Bauni, Iguap6,
Alto da Serra, Ubatuba, S. Paulo); CBUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 521 (Sapucay,
Paraguay); DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, 1914, p. 326 (Iguazu, Misiones).

Dysithamnus mentalis mentalis TODD, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, 1916,
p. 536 (monogr., synon.; se. Brazil, Paraguay); HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg.,
85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 87 (descr. 9; range); DABBENE, El Hornero, I,
1919, p. 263 (Puerto Segundo, Misiones).

Thamnophilus [Silvestrius] flavescens BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Paraguay, 1901,
p. 136 (Alto Parana, Paraguay).

Dysithamnus mentalis leucobronchialis CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn.
Ser., i, Aug. 1916, p. 337 (Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Rio de Janeiro and southern
Minas Geraes (Lagoa Santa, Rio Jordao, Bagagem)» to Rio Grande do
Sul, west to the northern boundary of the State of Sao Paulo; Misiones,
northeast Argentina; southern Paraguay (Tebicuari, Sapucay).

13: Brazil (Rio das Velhas near Lagoa Santa, Victoria 4, Sao
Sebastiao i, Faz. Cayod, Sao Paulo 7).

*Dysithamnus mentalis emiliae Hellmayr.* SNETHLAGE'S BUSH BIRD.

Dysithamnus mentalis emiliae HELLMAYR, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr.
Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 92 (San Antonio do Prata [type], Flor do

• Three adult males from Minas Geraes (i Rio Jordao, June 24, 1901, A. Robert
coll., Tring Museum; i Agua Suja, near Bagagem, O. A. de Carvalho coll., Munich
Museum; i Lagoa Santa, type of D. m. leucobronchialis) appear to be inseparable
from a series obtained in more southern localities, although Cory's type has the
lower throat distinctly washed with yellowish. — C. E. H.

b Dysithamnus mentalis emiliae: Male similar to D. m. mentalis but crown much
darker, blackish slate instead of plumbeous; sides of head darker, with the whitish
loral spot barely indicated; back and outer webs pf.remiges duller, grayish olive;
throat, foreneck and chest white, partly clouded with gray, only the middle of the

n6 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Prado [Quati-puni], Rio Capim, Para distr., ne. Brazil); SNETHLAGE, Bol.

Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 275 (Peixe-Boi, Quati-Purii, E. F. B.; Rio Guamd.

(Santa Maria do S. Miguel); Rio Tocantins (Mazagao, Bai5o); HELLMAYR,

Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 88 (crit.).
Dysithamnus affinis emiliae TODD, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, 1916, p. 555

(descr. cf , 9 ; Baiao, Rio Tocantins).

Dysithamnus mentalis (errore) GOELDI, Ibis, 1903, p. 499 (Capim River).
Dysithamnus mentalis menialis (err.) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 367

(S. Antonio do Prata, Para distr.).

Range: Northeastern Brazil, in states of Maranhao and Pard, west
to the Tocantins.

2: Brazil (Tury-assu, Maranhao 2).

*Dysithamnus mentalis cumbreanus Hkllmayr and Seilern.* VEN-
EZUELAN BUSH BIRD.

Dysithamnus mentalis cumbreanus HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Verhandl. Orn. Ges.

Bayr., 12, Heft 3, July 1915, p. 203 (Las Quiguas, San Esteban Valley, Cara-

bobo, n. Venezuela); HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 88

(crit.; descr. 9; n. Venezuela: Las Quigas; Galipan, Cerro del Avila; San

Esteban; Bermudez [S. Antonio, Caripe]).
Dysithamnus mentalis lateralis TODD, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, Aug.

1916, p. 540 (Guarico, Estado Lara [type]; Las Quiguas, San Esteban, Cara-

bobo; El Hacha, Aroa; Sierra de Carabobo; El Guacharo, Bermudez; excl.

Honda and Tobago).
Dysithamnus semicinereus (not of SCLATER) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,

1868, p. 168 (Caripe), 628 (San Esteban); idem, 1. c., 1875, p. 235 (Merida);

SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 221 (part; spec, u-w; Venezuela);

DALMAS, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, 13, 1900, p. 141 (part; Paria Peninsula).
Dysithamnus mentalis olivaceus (not of TSCHUDI) HELLMAYR and SEILERN,

Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, Sept. 1912, p. 121 (Las Quiguas, Chiquita,

Cumbre de Valencia; Quebrada Secca, Caripe, Bermudez).
Dysithamnus mentalis mentalis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 3, 32 in

text (part; Cumana).

Range : Northern Venezuela, from Bermudez west to states of Cara-
bobo, Falcon, Lara, and Me"rida.
4: Caracas.

abdomen being pale yellow; under wing coverts and quill lining nearly pure white.
It also bears a certain resemblance to D. mentalis affinis, but may be recognized by
the darker, more slaty blackish head, more greenish back, the yeflowish tinge of the
abdomen and the darker greenish olive flanks. The female hardly differs in
coloration from certain females of D. m. olivaceus, but is decidedly smaller.

Wing (male) 59-60, (female) 57; tail 37-40. — C. E. H.

• Dysithamnus mentalis cumbreanus: Similar to D. mentalis oberi RIDGWAY
from Tobago, but smaller with shorter bill; male with throat and foreneck not pure
white, but decidedly mixed with gray; under parts paler yellow and sides more
strongly shaded with grayish olive; female with grayish olive (less brownish) back,
brownish olive (instead of russet) edges to the wings, paler yellow under parts,
and grayish olive (not buffy brown) auriculars. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 117

Dysithamnus mentalis andrei Hellmayr.* ANDRE'S BUSH BIRD.

Dysithamnus affinis andrei HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 31 (Caparo,
Trinidad); CHERRIE, Mus. Brcx>kl. Inst., Sci. Bull., i, No. 13, 1908, p. 365
(Carenage, Aripo, Trinidad); BEEBE, Zoologica, i, No. 3, 1909, p. 93 (La
Brea, Orinoco delta) ; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916,
p. 281 (Guanoco, Orinoco delta).

Dysithamnus andrei TODD, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, 1916, p. 556 (part;
Carenage, Aripo, Heights of Orepouche, Santa Emilia Estate, Poole, Caparo,
Princestown, Trinidad; El Callao, Yuruani River, ne. Venezuela; descr.).

Dysithamnus mentalis andrei RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 54,
55, 57 (Trinidad); HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, Abt. A, Heft 10, 1920,
p. 89 (crit.; Trinidad and La Brea, ne. Venezuela).

Dysithamnus mentalis spodionotus (not of SALVIN and GODMAN) CHAPMAN,
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 6, 1894, p. 50 (Trinidad; habits).

Range: Trinidad and northeastern Venezuela (La Brea in the
Orinoco delta ;b El Callao, near Guacipati, Rio Yuruani).

*Dysithamnus mentalis oberi Ridgway.* OBER'S BUSH BIRD.

Dysithamnus mentalis oberi RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, 1908, p. 193
(Tobago; descr. o"; type in U. S. Nat. Museum examined by C. E. H.);
HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 88 (crit.; descr. o", 9,
Tobago).

• Dysithamnus mentalis andrei HELLMAYR: Male differs from D. m. affinis by its
more purely slate gray back (without any, or with slight olivaceous wash on rump
only) and upper tail coverts, by lacking the whitish streak along lower edge of
auriculars and the olivaceous shade on the flanks, and by having the under tail
coverts nearly pure white (instead of buff or pale brownish) ; from D. m. spodionotus
by its decidedly lighter slate gray upper parts, chest and sides of breast as well as
by the absence of the brownish wash on the flanks. The female may be distinguished
from either of its allies by the decidedly grayish olive dorsal surface, less rufescent
wings, grayish (not buffy brown) sides of head, and much whiter under parts, with
much less buffy suffusion across foreneck and along flanks. D. m. andrei is a strongly
marked race, and Mr. Todd accords it even specific rank; but, as pointed out by
me elsewhere (1920, p. 89), its characters are completely bridged by individual
variation. — C. E. H.

b The male from La Brea, kindly forwarded for my inspection by Mr. Beebe,
proves to be indistinguishable from Trinidad examples. — C. E. H.

0 Dysithamnus mentalis oberi: Male easily distinguished from D. m. andrei of
Trinidad and the Orinoco delta, by having the back, down to the upper tail coverts,
dull (grayish) olive green (instead of clear slate gray slightly tinged with olive on
rump only), the breast and abdomen light sulphur yellow (instead of white), and
by lacking the cinereous tinge on sides of body. Female much more brownish above
and with the under parts, posterior to throat, varying from sulphur to maize yellow
(instead of white, clouded with dingy buff on foreneck and chest, passing into buffy
brown along flanks). Besides, D. m. oberi averages larger, the bill especially so.
The Tobago race is more closely related to D, m. cumbreanus, of n. Venezuela, but
besides being slightly larger, differs in the male sex by having the throat and fore-
neck more purely white and the sides of the chest only faintly tinged with olive
while the female has a more brownish olive back, more russet wings and tail, and
somewhat brighter yellow under parts.

u8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Dysithamnus semicinereus (not of SCLATER) CORY, Auk, 10, 1893, p. 220 (Tobago;
one 9 ; examined by C. E. H.); DALMAS, Mern. Soc. Zool. France, 13, 1900,
p. 141 (part; Tobago, one 9, now in Tring Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Dysithamnus andrei (not of HELLMAYR) TODD, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 33,
1916, p. 556 (part; Tobago).

Range: Island of Tobago,
i: Tobago.

Dysithamnus mentalis spodionotus Salvin and Godman.* RORAIMA

BUSH BIRD.
Dysithamnus spodionotus SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, 1883, p. 211 (Roraima, Brit.

Guiana); SALVIN, 1. c., 1885, p. 424 (Roraima); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,

15, 1890, p. 222 (Roraima); BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, i, 1917, p. 132 ("Bar-

tica"); CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 21 (Roraima, Makauria

River).
Dysithamnus affinis spodionotus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 32 (diagn. ;

Roraima) ; TODD, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, 1916, p. 556 (crit. ; Roraima).
Dysithamnus mentalis spodionotus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911,

P- 55. 57 (Roraima); HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 89

(crit.).

Range: Roraima Mountains, British Guiana.

*Dysithamnus mentalis affinis Pelzeln. PELZELN'S BUSH BIRD.

Dysithamnus affinis PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 80, 149 (Villa Maria
[ = S. Luis de Caceres], w. Matto Grosso; types in Vienna Museum exam-
ined by C. E. H.); BERLEPSCH and HELLMAYR, Journ. Ornith., 53, 1905,
p. 15 (crit.; descr. o", 9, Matto Grosso); LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12, (2),
1920, p. 93 (Matto Grosso).

Dysithamnus affinis affinis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p.3i (diag.; Villa
Maria, Chapada, Matto Grosso); idem, 1. c., 15, 1908, p. 69 (Faz. Esperanca,
Goyaz; descr. 9); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 203
(Villa Maria, Chapada); TODD, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, 1906, p. 552
(crit.; Chapada, San Lorenzo River, Matto Grosso).

Adult male, wing 63^-66; tail 42-45; bill 15-16; adult female, wing 60-64;
tail 41-44; bill 14^-15^.

The type, an adult male in worn breeding plumage, is a poor faded skin, and com-
pared with a series of freshly molted specimens taken by S. M. Klages, in December,
1912, at Man o'War Bay, Tobago, looks rather different, being duller, more grayish
above and paler yellowish below. Still, what traces remain of its original coloration,
leave no doubt as to its being referable to the same form. A worn female, also
obtained in May, is likewise much more grayish above than December examples,
and nearly white below. Although it can hardly be distinguished in color from certain
females of D. m. and rei, a faint yellowish tinge on the under parts and its larger bill
render its identification as oberi pretty certain. Fifteen specimens from Tobago
compared with forty -four from Trinidad. — C. E. H.

* Dysithamnus mentalis spodionotus SALVIN and GODMAN: While the male is
considerably darker both above and below, the female hardly differs from that of
D, m. affinis by having the back rather darker, more brownish and the pileum of
a slightly deeper tone.— C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. up

Dysithamnus mentalis affinis HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920,

p. 90 (crit. ; Matto Grosso, Goyaz) .
Dysithamnus mentalis (not of TEMMINCK) ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,

5, 1893, p. 118 (Chapada, Matto Grosso).
Dysithamnus olivaceus (not of TSCHUDI) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,

p. 222 (part; Chapada); OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Mus., 25, 1902, p. 129

(Chapada; crit.).

Range: Central Brazil, from western Matto Grosso (San Lorenzo
River, San Luis de Caceres) east to southern Goyaz.
4: Brazil (Chapada, Matto Grosso).

*Dysithamnus mentalis olivaceus (Tschudi).* ANDEAN BUSH BIRD.

Thamnophilus olivaceus TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10, (i), 1844, p. 278 (Peru.,
= cf juv., type in Mus. Neuchatel examined by C. E. H.); idem, Faun. Peru,
Aves, 1846, p. 174, pi. n, fig. i ("dstlich der Cordilleren, unter dem 10°
S. Breite" [see p. 175], we designate, therefore, Montana de Vitoc, Dept.
Junin as type locality); BERLEPSCH and HELLMAYR, Journ. Ornith., 53,
1905, p. 14 (crit. on type).

Dysithamnus olivaceus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 541 (Bolivia; descr.
of a o* in Derby Museum, now in Free Public Museum, Liverpool, England,
examined by C. E. H.) ; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 28 (ex TSCHUDI) ;
BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, Sept. 1906, p. 93 (Idma, Santa Ana),
116 (Huaynapata) ; TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 1922,
p. 131 (Loma Larga, Santa Marta distr.).

Dysithamnus mentalis olivaceus HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, Abt. A, Heft 10,
1920, p. 90 (crit.; Bogota; Rio Napo, e. Ecuador; Peru, Bolivia) ; idem, Nov.
Zool., 28, 1921, p. 207 (Bolivia).

Thamnophilus mentalis (not TEMMINCK) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn.
Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, 1837, p. 12 (Yungas, Bolivia); D'ORBIGNY,
Voyage, Ois., p. 177 (Yungas); TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10, (i), 1844, p. 278
(Peru); idem, Faun. Per., Aves, 1846. p. 173 (175) (Montanas von Moyo-
bamba).

Dysithamnus mentalis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 221 (part; Peru,
Bolivia); SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1879, p. 624 (Yungas; ex D'ORBIGNY).

• Having before me more than one hundred specimens, covering the entire
range from the Andes east of Bogotd down to the Yungas of n. Bolivia, I am unable
to detect constant differences peculiar to any geographic area, although there surely
is a wide amount of individual variation in both sexes. Yet it must be admitted
that, while the majority are not distinguishable from Colombian ones, some females
from Peru and Bolivia have more buffy yellow on the abdomen than any of the num-
erous northern specimens. Two adult males from Bolivia (Omeja, resp. Quebrada
onda) and one from La Gloria, Peru, by the coloration of the upper parts and by
having the entire abdomen, below the olive grayish foreneck, light yellow, closely
approach D. m. mentalis of se. Brazil, and leave no doubt as to the subspecific inter-
relation of the two forms. Four males and three females from near the sources of
the Magdalena River (San Agustin, La Candela, Andalucia), except in averaging
slightly larger, are identical with a series from the e. Colombian Andes (Bogotd
region and Buena Vista above Villavicencio). Pending further material, I am also
inclined to refer to D. m. olivaceus, provisionally at least, two females from El Consuelo
(above Honda, west slope of e. Andes) which F. M. Chapman believed to pertain

120 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Dysithamnus semicinereus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, June 1855, p. 90, pi. 97
(— d") ("Bogota"), 147 (Bogota) ; idem, 1. c., 1858, p. 66 (Rio Napo) ; TACZAN-
OWSKI, 1. c., 1874, p. 530 (Amable Maria, Monterico, Paltaypampa) ; idem,
1. c., 1879, p. 232 (Tambillo); idem, 1. c., 1882, p. 30 (Cococho, Huambo,
Chirimoto); idem, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 29 (Peruvian localities); SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 221 (part; m-t, Bogota; c'-e', Peru); BER-
LEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 381 (La Gloria, Garita del
Sol, Junin); TODD, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, 1916, p. 545 (part;
Bogota, La Candela, Andalucia, Buena Vista, e. Colombia; Moyobamba,
Peru; Todos Santos, Rio Surutu, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Rio Yapacani,
Bolivia); BANGS and NOBLE, Auk, 35, 1918, p. 452 (Perico, n. Cajamarca,
Peru).

Dysithamnus semicinereus semicinereus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
36, 1917, p. 370 (Buena Vista, e. Andes; La Candela, Andalucia, head of
Magdalena River).

Dysithamnus tambillanus TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 30 (Tambillo,
n. Cajamarca, Peru; two of the original examples in the Berlepsch Collection
examined by C. E. H.); HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920,
p. 91 (Tambillo; crit.).»

Dysithamnus subplumbeus (not of SCLATER and SALVIN) TACZANOWSKI and BER-
LEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 99 (Mapoto, e. Ecuador; teste Berlepsch in
litt.).

Dysithamnus mentalis lateralis TODD, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, 1916,
p. 540 (part; Honda).

Dysithamnus mentalis subsp. CHAPMAN, 1. c., 36, 1917, p. 371 (part; two 9
from El Consuelo, above Honda).

Range : Subtropical zone of the Andes in Bolivia, Peru and eastern
Ecuador; eastern Andes and east slope of central Andes of Colombia;
according to W. E. C. Todd, also in the Santa Marta district (Loma
Larga).

17: Peru (Rio Perene* i, Huachipa 9, Vista Alegre 4, Chinchao 2,
Moyobamba i).

to an undescribed race, while W. E. C. Todd identified them as D. m. cumbreanus.
From the last named form, both specimens differ, however, very decidedly by their
much paler under parts and brighter rufous crown. — C. E. H.

• Since writing about this doubtful form, I have examined in the American
Museum of Natural History, another couple from Zamora, Prov. de Loja, e. Ecua-
dor, which, unquestionably, must be referred to tambillanus. On the lower parts,
the male is an exact duplicate of the topotype from Tambillo, but above it is decidedly
more slaty with only a faint olive wash on the rump, and hardly distinguishable
from some examples of D. m. extremus, notably Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 108,087,
San Antonio, w. Andes. The female resembles that from Tambillo, both being very
similar to the same sex of extremus, but slightly deeper buffy below, with hardly
any white on the throat. An adult male from Perico, east slope of w. Andes north of
Jaen, that is to say, in the same district as Tambillo, does not, however, bear out the
characters of tambillanus. On the contrary, this bird has the throat and an extensive
area in the middle of the belly white, just like average specimens of olivaceus while
on the upper parts, it more nearly agrees with certain males of extremus from the
w. Andes of Colombia. For the present, I am, therefore, not prepared to admit
tambillanus as a valid race. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 121

*Dysithamnus mentalis aequatorialis Todd.* WEST ECUADORIAN
BUSH BIRD.

Dysithamnus mentalis aequatorialis TODD, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35,
Aug. 1916, p. 539 (Zaruma, Prov. del Oro, sw. Ecuador); HELLMAYR, Arch.
Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 93 (crit.).

Dysithamnus mentalis (?) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 67 (Pallatanga).
Dysithamnus olivaceus (?) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 89 (Nanegal).

Dysithamnus semicinereus (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 278
(Babahoyo); BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1883, p. 564 (Chimbo);
idem, 1. c., 1884, p. 302 (Chimbo); HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 492
(Chimbo); SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899,
p. 28 (Vinces, Balzar, Rio Peripa, Gualea); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 64
("Pichincha"=Mindo; specimen in Tring Museum examined by C. E. H.);
MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. geogr. Mes. Arc. Mend. Equat., 9, 1911, p. B 32
(Gualea); TODD, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, 1916, p. 545 (part; Bucay,
Guayas; Gualea; Rio Chanchan and Rio Chiguancay Junction; Esmeraldas;
Rio de Oro, Chone, Manavi; Santa Rosa, Prov. del Oro).

Range: Western Ecuador, from Esmeraldas to Santa Rosa and
Zaruma, Prov. del Oro.

i: Ecuador (Chimbo i).

• Dysithamnus mentalis aequatorialis TODD: Male similar to D. m. septentrionalis
and of about the same size or somewhat smaller, but throat and chest generally
more purely white, less clouded with grayish; female more closely resembling D. m.
cumbreanus, but distinguishable by its lighter, more olivaceous (less grayish) back
and paler rufous crown.

Although widely separated, geographically, by the very different races D. m. extre-
mus and D. m. suffusus occupying the intervening parts of Colombia and Panama,
I am unable to present a more satisfactory diagnosis for distinguishing D. m. aequa-
torialis from the Central American D. m. septentrionalis, owing to its extreme vari-
ability. Two males from Zaruma (the type locality), one (out of two) from Puente
de Chimbo, and one from Rio de Oro, Manavi, have the throat and chest nearly
pure white, much clearer than in septentrionalis, while the remainder of the lower
surface is about the same light yellow. In two other examples from Rio de Oro,
the anterior under parts are conspicuously clouded with gray, exactly as in septen-
trionalis, while the yellow below is more restricted to the abdomen. Two males from
Esmeraldas, with still less yellow underneath, closely resemble certain males of oliva-
ceus, from e. Colombia, but are considerably smaller. A second male from Chimbo
and one from Santa Rosa, Prov. del Oro, are even darker, having the foreneck and
chest mainly slaty grayish, the middle of the breast white, the anal region very pale
yellowish, and the flanks faintly washed with olive. The females, too, show much
individual variation, one from Santa Rosa being particularly noticeable on account
of its deep coloration below, almost matching some light colored examples of
D. m. suffusus.

After closely studying twenty-five birds from w. Ecuador, we cannot at all fol-
low Mr. Todd in separating, specifically, the Zaruma specimens from the rest of the
series. In our opinion, all pertain to a single form, variable in its characters like
the other races of the group. All birds from w. Ecuador agree among themselves in
their relatively small size, as compared to D. m. olivaceus of e. Colombia, Peru,
and n. Bolivia. The length of the wing generally varies between 56 and 60, attain-
ing 6 1 in two cases, and 62 only once.— C. E. H.

122 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Dysithamnus mentalis extremus Todd.* WEST COLOMBIAN BUSH
BIRD.

Dysithamnus extremus TODD, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, Aug. 1916, p. 549
(Salencio, e. slope of w. Andes, Colombia).

Dysithamnus semicinereus (not of SCLATER) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1879, p. 525 (Concordia, Antioquia).

Dysithamnus semicinereus extremus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
36, 1917, p. 370 (Salencio, Rio Frio, west of Cartago, e. slope of w. Andes;
Las Lomitas, San Antonio, w. slope of w. Andes; Miraflores (east of Pal-
mira) and Salento, w. slope of c. Andes, Colombia).

Dysithamnus mentalis extremus HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 8$, A, Heft 10,
1920, p. 93 (crit.; Primavera, S. Isidro, Pueblo Rico, w. Andes).

Range : Western Andes and west slope of central Andes of Colombia.

Dysithamnus mentalis suffusus Nelson.b PANAMA BUSH BIRD.

Dysithamnus mentalis suffusus NELSON, Smithson. Misc. Coll., 60, No. 13,
1912, p. 10 (Mount Pirri, e. Panama); TODD, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
35, 1916, p. 542 (Mt. Pirri, Tacarcuna, e. slope of Mt. Tacarcuna, e. Pan-
ama; crit.).

• Dysithamnus mentalis extremus TODD : Male differs from D. m. olivaceus in having
the dorsal surface from the forehead to the upper tail coverts, including the edges
of the remiges and rectrices uniform slate gray with only, sometimes, a slight olive
wash on the lower rump; in the olivaceous suffusion on the flanks being either wholly
absent or but slightly indicated; finally by the whitish instead of pale yellow under
tail coverts.1 The female may be recognized by the darker buff y olive or buffy brownish
color on foreneck, chest and sides, nearly pure white (instead of pale yellow) abdom-
inal area, and buffy (instead of light yellow) under tail coverts.

Thanks to the courtesy of Dr. F. M. Chapman, I have had an opportunity of
inspecting the entire series which formed the basis of his own and Mr. W. E. C. Todd's
accounts in their respective papers quoted above. Birds from the western and
eastern slopes of the w. Andes show the racial characters of extremus quite well
marked in both sexes, though one or two males from Peru run very close, differing
only by their more greenish edges to the wing and tail feathers. Seven specimens from
the western slope of the c. Andes (Salento; Miraflores, east of Palmira) are inter-
grades between extremus and olivaceus. One male (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 1 1 1,884
Salento) and two females (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 111,885 Salento, 108,918, east
of Palmira) are exact duplicates of extremus, the male lacking every trace of olive
in its plumage, while the females exhibit the characteristic buffy coloration of the
under parts without any yellow on the abdomen. Three males and one female
from Miraflores (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 108,915-17, io8,9i9-bis), however,
cannot be separated from the average type of olivaceus, as represented by specimens
from La Candela and Villavicencio.

Mr. Todd's assumption that these green backed males with pale yellow anal region
are "immature" is clearly disproved by the coloration of their wings (see my remarks
about the sequence of plumages and molt of the D. m. mentalis group in Arch.
Naturg., 8$, A, Heft 10, p. 86-87). The fact is this: Birds from the western slope of
the c, Andes, by their great individual variation, form the transition to olivaceus,
and in referring them to the western rather than the eastern race, I have been led
by the consideration that specimens of the extremus type are apparently never
found in the Magdalena Valley or on the slopes of the e. Andes of Colombia. — C. E. H.

b Dysithamnus mentalis suffusus NELSON: Similar to D. m. septentrionalis, but
male more deeply colored below with the yellow extending well up to the chest, and
the flanks darker, brownish rather than greenish olive; female with darker, more
brownish olive chest and sides of body. Ten specimens examined by C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 123

Dysithamnus semicinereus TODD, 1. c., p. 545, 549 (part; La Frijolera, lower

Cauca)."
Dysithamnus mentalis subsp. CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917,

p. 371 (part; La Frijolera).'

Range: Eastern Panama (Mt. Pirri, Tacarcuna), extending east,
apparently, to the lower Cauca (La Frijolera) in northern Colombia."

*Dysithamnus mentalis septentrionalis Ridgway. NORTHERN BUSH

BIRD.

Dysithamnus mentalis septentrionalis RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., ax,
1908, p. 193 (Choctura, Vera Paz, Guatemala); idem, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50,
Part 5, 1911, p. 55 (monogr. ; excl. South American references and localities);
TODD, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, 1916, p. 542 (monogr., synon.;
Guatemala to Panama).

Dysithamnus semicinereus (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 221 (part; spec, a-k, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Veragua).

Range: Guatemala; Costa Rica; western Panama (Chiriqui, Vera-
gua, Cana).

7 : Costa Rica (Guayabo 5 ; head of Rio Platanar i) ; Veragua i.

Dysithamnus puncticeps puncticeps Salvin. SPOTTED-CROWNED BUSH
BIRD.

Dysithamnus puncticeps SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 72 (Santiago de Vera-
gua, w. Panama; types in British Museum examined by C. E. H.); idem,
1. c., 1867, p. 144 (same locality); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 223 (Veragua); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, a,
1892, p. 207, pi. 50, fig. 2, 3 (Veragua); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., No. 50,
Part 5, 1911, p. 58 (Santiago de Veragua; San Jos6, Pacuare, Rio Sicsola,
Costa Rica).

Dysithamnus puncticeps puncticeps CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,
I9I7. P- 372 (Baudo, La Vieja, Novita, Choc6; Alto Bonito, Rio Sucio;
Puerto Valdivia, lower Cauca); BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 65, No. 6, 1922, p. 206 (Mt. Sapo, Darien).

Range: Costa Ricab; Panama (Veragua, Darien), ranging south to
western Colombia (valleys of the Atrato and San Juan rivers; Puerto
Valdivia, on the lower Cauca0).

• The couple from La Frijolera referred by W. E. C. Todd to D. semicinereus
( = D, m. olivaceus) and by F. M. Chapman to a supposedly undescribed race, is
now before me. The male differs indeed, very markedly, from olivaceus of e. Col-
ombia, by the brighter yellow color of the abdomen being extended over the posterior
portion of the breast, but I am unable to separate it from the lightest example of
su/usus (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 135,638, eastern slope of Mt. Tacaicuna),
while the female appears to me indistinguishable from Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., No.
1351623, Tacarcuna. For the present, I see no reason why the birds found on the
lower Cauca should not be assigned to suffusus, although I admit that the examination
of additional material is desirable — -C. E. H.

b According to R. Ridgway. No specimens from Costa Rica seen by C. E. H.

• According to F. M. Chapman, Colombian specimens are more or less inter-
mediate to D. p. flemmingi, but as a whole, nearer the typical race.

124 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Dysithamnus puncticeps flemmingi Hartert.* SOUTHERN SPOTTED-
CROWNED BUSH BIRD.

Dysithamnus flemmingi HARTERT, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.f n, Dec. 1900, p. 38 (Rio
Verde, Cachyjacu, Lita, Cachavi, Prov. Esmeraldas, nw. Ecuador; type from
Rio Verde in Tring Museum examined by C. E. H.); idem, Nov. Zool., 9,
1902, p. 6n (Rio Verde, Ventana, Bulun, Lita, Cachyjacu); MENEGAUX,
Miss. Serv. gebgr. Mes. Arc. Merid. Equat., 9, 1911, p. B 32 (Santo Domingo,
w. Ecuador; specimens in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Dysithamnus puncticeps flemmingi CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36.
1917, p. 372 (Barbacoas, sw. Colombia).

Dysithamnus spec. HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 492 (Cachavi, nw. Ecua-
dor; 9 in Tring Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Southwestern Colombia (Barbacoas) and western Ecuador
(from Esmeraldas south to Santo Domingo).

*Dysithamnus striaticeps Lawrence* STREAKED-CROWNED BUSH
BIRD.

Dysithamnus striaticeps LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y.f 8, 1867, p. 130
(Angostura, Costa Rica); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 223
("Valza" = La Balsa, Costa Rica); SAL VIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ.,
Aves, a, 1892, p. 208 (Costa Rica); CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910,
p. 606 (Costa Rica; habits, nest and eggs); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50,
Part 5, 1911, p. 59 (Costa Rica).

Range: Caribbean foothills of Costa Rica,
i: Costa Rica (Siguirres).

Dysithamnus xanthopterus (Burmeister).* RUFOUS-BACKED BUSH
BIRD.

Dasythamnus xanthopterus BURMEISTER, Syst. tlbers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 81
(Novo Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro; descr. 9, type in Halle Museum examined
by C. E. H.).

• Dysithamnus puncticeps flemmingi HARTERT: Male differs from D. p. puncticeps
by lacking the white spots on the upper part of the head, the crown being slate
gray, more or less streaked with black; by having the back and edges to the wings
conspicuously tinged with olive; and by the chest being gray (instead of white),
with narrower, less strongly denned dark shaft stripes. Wing, 58-59; tail, 37-38.
Female distinguishable by the much smaller buff apical spots to the upper wing
coverts and by the dusky stripes on the foreneck being barely apparent. Wing 57-59 ;
tail 35-40. Nine specimens of both sexes from Ecuador compared with three from
Veragua, including the types. — C. E. H.

b I was inclined to consider this "species" a geographical representative of the
preceding, but according to R. Ridgway, D. striaticeps and D. p. puncticeps are
found together in certain localities of Costa Rica, e, g. on the Rio Sicsola. — C. E. H.

0 This rare species is hardly congeneric with D. stictothorax and D. mentalis.
In addition to its aberrant style of coloration, it differs by a stronger bill and pro-
portionately much longer tail, nearly equal to length of wing. I have examined the
type (female) at Halle and an adult male from Rio in the Tring Museum. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 125

Dysithamnus xanthopterus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, 1857, P- 132 (descr.
o", 9; se. Brazil); idem, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 222 (same); idem, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 223 (se. Brazil); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, 1900, p. 158
(Novo Friburgo); idem, 1. c., 5, 1902, p. 275 (Alto da Serra, S. Paulo); idem,
Cat. Faun. Braz., x, 1907, p. 203 (same locality).

Range : Southeastern Brazil, in states of Rio de Janeiro (Novo Fri-
burgo) and Sao Paulo (Alto da Serra).

*Dysithamnus ardesiacusft ardesiacus Sclater and Salving GRAY-
THROATED ANT SHRIKE.

Dysithamnus ardesiacus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 756 (new
name for D. schistaceus SCLATER (not of D'ORBIGNY), P. Z. S. Lond., 26,
1858, p. 66: Rio Napo, e. Ecuador); idem, 1. c., p. 750 (Chyavetas, n. Peru;
i 9); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 274 (Chyavetas, Chamicuros, n. Peru); SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 225 (part; spec, o, Chyavetas, p-t, Rio Napo);
SALVA»>ORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899, P- 29 (Rio
Santiago, e. Ecuador; specimen examined); JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i,
^o?. P' 4*4 (range excl. Guyana); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914,
p. 277 (part; Amazonia, Ecuador).

Dysithamnus ardesiacus ardesiacus HELLMAYR, Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesells. Wien,
53f i9<>3. P- 215, 216 (crit.; diag. cf, ex Yurimaguas; e. Ecuador, ne. Peru);
idem, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 63 (Teffg, Rio Solimoes); CHAPMAN, Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 373 (La Morelia, Florencia, se. Col-
ombia; specimens examined).

Thamnophilus shistaceus (sic) (not of D'ORBIGNY) LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool.,
7, 1844, p. 83 ("Bogota"; diag. o").

Thamnophilus schistaceus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 148 ("Bogota";
ex LAFRESNAYE).

Hypocnemis melanopogon (errore) TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 70 (part;
descr. d", 9 et hab. Yurimaguas; one d"1, marked by Taczanowski, in the
Berlepsch Collection examined).

Range: Upper Amazonia, from southeastern Colombia (Caquetd
district; Cuembi, Rio Putumayo) through eastern Ecuador south to

• This species referred to either Dysithamnus or Thamnophilus appears to deserve
generic separation by reason of several structural characters. Certainly out of place
in the genus Thamnophilus, it is here, provisionally, assigned to Dysithamnus.

b Dysithamnus ardesiacus ardesiacus SCLATER and SALVIN: Interscapular feathers
without any, or with very little white, at the extreme base; throat (in adult male)
either plumbeous, like the rest of the under parts, or the black confined to the base,
more or less concealed by the slate gray apical portions of the feathers. Wing (i i o" d",
999), 70-74; tail 47-53; bill 16-17.

Eight specimens from Puerto Bermudez, one male each from Cuembi (se. Col-
ombia) and Yurimaguas, and a pair from Teff6, show no trace of white on theback,
while another male from Teff 6, four skins from the Caquetd region (se. Colo mbia)
and one male from Rio Santiago, e. Ecuador, have a small white interscapular patch
like D. a. obidensis. The color of the throat varies in males from the same locality,
but is never solidly black as in obidensis. — C. E. H.

126 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

northern and central Peru (Yurimaguas, Chyavetas, Chamicuros;
Puerto Bermudez, Rio Pichis), and northwestern Brazil (Teffe", Rio
Solimoes).

8: Peru (Puerto Bermudez, Rio Pichis).

*Dysithamnus ardesiacus saturninus (Pelzeln).* SATURNINE ANT
SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus saturninus PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 77, 147 (part;
types from Borba, Rio Madeira, as designated by Hellmayr, Verb. Zool.
Bot. Ges. Wien, 53, 1903, p. 216, in text; types in Vienna Museum examined).

Dysithamnus ardesiacus saturninus HELLMAYR, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 53,
i9O3i P- 2I5i 216 (crit.; part, Borba, Rio Madeira); idem, Nov. Zool., 14,
1907. P- 371 (part; Borba); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 343 (Calama, Allianca,
Rio Madeira; Maroins, Rio Machados); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6,
i9°5» P- 439 (Rio Jurud; spec, in Museu Paulista examined); SNETHLAGE,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 277 (Villa Braga, Boim, R. Tapajoz).

Dysithamnus ardesiacus suturninus (sic) JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907,
p. 203 (part; Borba, Rio Jurud).

(?) Dysithamnus ardesiacus (not of SCLATER and SALVIN) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 225 (part; spec, k-n, Iquitos).

(?) Cercomacra huallagae CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., i, Aug.
1916, p. 338 (Lagunas, lower Huallaga, n. Peru).

Range: Northern Brazil, on the Jurud and Rio Madeira, east to the
left bank of the Tapajoz (Boim, Villa Braga) ; ( ?) northeastern Peru
(Nauta and Iquitos, R. Maranon; Lagunas, lower Huallaga.)

2: Peru (Lagunas, types of C. huallagae).

Dysithamnus ardesiacus obidensis Snethlage.b NORTHERN SLATY

ANT SHRIKE.

Dysithamnus ardesiacus obidensis SNETHLAGE, Ornith. Monatsber., 22, 1914,
p. 40 (Obidos, north bank of lower Amazon, n. Brazil).

• Dysithamnus ardesiacus saturninus (PELZELN) : Differs from typical ardesiacus
by the possession of a large white interscapular patch, and by the male having the
entire throat and middle of foreneck solidly deep black, forming a large gular area
in strong contrast to the plumbeous of the abdomen; female with wing coverts and
outer webs of remiges much more russet brown. Size larger. Wing (two o" d* ad.)
75-80, (four 9 9 ad.) 73-79; tail 58-63; bill 17-19. Ten specimens from the Rio
Madeira (including four from the type locality) and two from the Rio Jurud are
readily distinguishable from ardesiacus by the large white interscapular patch, their
larger size, the deep black color of the throat in the males, and the brighter, more russet
wings of the females. The types of Cercomacra huallagae as well as a couple (the male
not quite adult) from Nauta, R. Maranon (Berlepsch Collection), agree in every
respect with those from the Rio Madeira, and are very different from ardesiacus
which we would have expected to find in ne. Peru! Unless they represent the extreme
of individual variation in ardesiacus, I am unable to explain this singular distribu-
tion, the area occupied by saturninus in n. Peru being surrounded by ardesiacus
and entirely cut off from the Jurua and Madeira region!— C. E. H.

b Dysithamnus ardesiacus obidensis SNETHLAGE: Resembles D. a. ardesiacus in
having very little or no white at all at the base of the interscapular feathers; but the
throat (and middle of the foreneck) in the male is solidly black, forming a large

1 924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 127

Thamnophilus saturninus (not of PELZELN) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 77,
147 (part; Serra Carauman, Rio Branco; Cayenne; spec, in Vienna Museum
examined).

Dysithamnus ardesiacus (not of SCLATER and SALVIN) SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 424
(Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Merum6 Mts., Brit. Guiana); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 225 (part; descr. d", 9 et spec, a-j, Camacusa,
Bartica, Merume, R. Takutu, Roraima, Brit. Guiana; Oyapoc); BERLEPSCH
and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 71 (Suapure, La Pricion, Nicare,
La Union, Caura R.); PENARD, Vog. Guyana, 2, 1910, p. 308 (Surinam;
descr. eggs).

Dysithamnus ardesiacus saturninus (not of PELZELN) HELLMAYR, Verb. Zool.
Bot. Ges. Wien, 53, 1903, p. 216 (part; Serra Carauman, Rio Branco; Cay-
enne, Brit. Guiana; Caura River, Venez.); JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i,
I9°7. P- 203 (part; Rio Branco, Cayenne, Venezuela); HELLMAYR, Nov.
Zool., 14, 1907, p. 371 (part; Caura River; Cayenne; Brit. Guiana; Serra
Carauman, Rio Branco); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 153 (Ipousin,
Rio Approuague; Cayenne, Oyapoc); BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 62, 1918, p. 67 (Lelydorp, Surinam); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst.,
Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 280 (Caura R.); BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, i, 1917, p. 132
(Bartica).

Dysithamnus saturninus CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 23 (Brit. Guiana).

Dysithamnus ardesiacus consp. nov. SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914,
p. 278 (Obidos; St. Antonio do Cachoeira, Rio Jary).

Range: Northern Brazil, north of the Amazon (Rio Jary, Obidos,
Rio Branco); French, Dutch and British Guiana; eastern Venezuela
(Rio Yuruan and Caura River).

Dysithamnus plumbeusa plumbeus (Wied).b PLUMBEOUS ANT SHRIKE.

Myiothera plumbea WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831, p. 1080 (se. Brazil,
no locality specified; descr. o71).

Dysithamnus plumbeus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 222 (se. Brazil;
descr. o"); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 178 (part; spec, a, b,
Brazil ( = "Rio" skins), examined in Brit. Mus.); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 226 (part; spec, a, b "Brazil" = Rio) ; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus.

gular patch, and the dimensions are less, especially the tail decidedly shorter.
Wing (21 o"o") 71-74, rarely 75-76, (n 9 9) 69-74; tail 48-54; bill 16-18. Exam-
ined: i Rio Branco, 18 French Guiana, 5 British Guiana, 19 Caura River, 3 Rio
Yuruan, Venezuela. — C. E. H.

• The Dysithamnus plumbeus group appears to be congeneric with D. ardesiacus,
being very similar in proportions, shape of bill, and general style of coloration in the
male sex, which differs principally by having the campterium and distinct apical
margins to the upper wing coverts white. The females are, however, of very different
coloration. — C. E. H.

b Dysithamnus plumbeus plumbeus (WiEo) : The female of this exceedingly rare
form is dull brownish olive above; a broad stripe along campterium white; lesser
upper wing coverts with very distinct pure white, the remaining ones with narrower,
dingy white apical margins; sides of head olive gray streaked with whitish; throat
dull white; rest of under parts brownish gray, paler in the middle, more buffy brown
on flanks. Wing (four o* o") 73-77, (two 9 9)7iX; tail 45-50; bill 16-17. — C. E. H.

iz8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 250 (note on type in American Museum); HARTERT,
Kat. Vogels. Senckenberg. Mus. Frankfurt, 1892, p. in, note 201 (Brazil;
descr. 9 ad., spec, examined); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., j,
I9°7. P- 203 (part; Bahia, Porto Cachoeiro, Espirito Santo).
Dysithamnus plumbeus plumbeus HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78,
A, Heft 5, Sept. 1912, p. 124 (diag. d", 9 ; range); HELLMAYR, Verhandl.
Orn. Ges. Bay., 12, No. 2, Feb. 1915, p. 146 (Porto Cachoeiro, Esp. Santo;
descr. 9 ; Bahia, Rio, Esp. Santo).

Range : Wood region of southeastern Brazil, from Bahia to Espirito
Santo and Rio de Janeiro.

Dysithamnus plumbeus tucuyensis Hartert.* VENEZUELAN ANT SHRIKE.

Dysithamnus tucuyensis HARTERT, Nov. Zool., i, 1894, p. 674, pi. 15, fig. i

(Bucarito, near Tocuyo, nw. Venezuela; type [= d" imm.] in Tring Museum

examined).
Dysithamnus plumbeus (not of WIED) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,

p. 226 (part; spec, d, San Esteban, Venezuela, examined in Brit. Mus.).
Dysithamnus plumbeus tucuyensis HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78,

A, Heft 5, Sept. 1912, p. 122 (Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo; crit. ; descr. 9 )f

124 (range).

Range: Northwestern Venezuela, coast ranges in Dept. Federal
Occidental (Cerro del Avila, Silla de Caracas) and State of Carabobo
(Cumbre de Valencia), and mountains near Bucarito (Tocuyo), State
of Lara.

Dysithamnus plumbeus leucostictus Sclater. WHITE-SPOTTED ANT
SHRIKE.

Dysithamnus leucostictus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 66, 223, pi. 140
(Rio Napo, e. Ecuador; descr. 9 ad.); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862,
p. 177 (Rio Napo); TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond,, 1885,
p. 99 (Machay, e. Ecuador; descr. cT); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 224 (Rio Napo; descr. 9); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 64 (Baeza,
e. Ecuador; spec, examined); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,
I917» P- 372 (Buena Vista, se. Colombia).

Dysithamnus plumbeus leucostictus HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78,
A, Heft 5, 1912, p. 123, 124 (El Topo, Rio Pastaza; Machay, Baeza, e. Ecua-
dor; crit.).

Range: Southeastern Colombia (Buena Vista) and eastern Ecua-
dor (Rio Napo, Rio Pastaza, Baeza, Machay, Rio Zamora).

• Dysithamnus plumbeus tucuyensis HARTERT: Male hardly differing from plumbeus
by slightly smaller size, slenderer bill, and by having narrow white apical margins
to the lateral tail feathers; female closely resembling that of D. p. leucostictus, but
crown lighter cinnamon rufous, back and wings paler as well as more olivaceous,
edges to feathers of throat and fpreneck ashy or slate gray (instead of blackish), and
under tail coverts brownish (instead of gray). Wing (six o" o") 69-73, (eleven
9 9) 67-72: tail (c?) 49-52, (9) 46-50; bill 16-17.— C -E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 129

Genus THAMNOMANES Cabanis.

Thamnomanes CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13, (i), 1847, p. 230 (type by subs, desig.,
Gray, 1855, Muscicapa caesia "LICHTENSTEIN")-

Thamnomanes caesius caesius (Temminck). SLATY BUSH BIRD.

Muscicapa caesia TEMMINCK, Rec. PI. col., livr. 3, Oct. 1820, pi. 17, fig. i (o*),

2(9) (based on specimens obtained by Prince Wied-Neuwied in e. Brazil,

viz. Prov. Bahia; see ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 250);

WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831, p. 826 (Iritiba River, Villa Nova de

Benevente, State of Espirito Santo; Sertao of Bahia).
Lanius caesius LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., 1823, p. 46 (descr.

d", 9 ; hab. part; Brazil).
Thamnomanes caesius SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 223 (part; se. Brazil;

descr. d", 9); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 178 (Brazil); PELZELN,

Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 80 (part; spec, collected by Kammerlacher [in Prov.

Bahia], examined by C. E. H.); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2,

1889, p. 250 (type in American Museum, from Prov. Bahia); SCLATER, Cat.

B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 227 (Bahia); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun.

Braz., i, 1907, p. 204 (part; Macah6, state Rio de Janeiro; Rio Doce, Esp.

Santo).
Thamnomanes caesius caesius HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 368 (part;

Bahia, Espirito Santo); idem, 1. c., 14, 1907, p. 64 (diagn.; Bahia; Rio Iritiba

and Villa Nova de Benevente, Esp. Santo).

Range: Wooded region of southeastern Brazil, from Bahia to Espirito
Santo and Rio de Janeiro (Macahe").

*Thamnomanes caesius hoffmannsi Hellmayr.* HOFFMANNS'S SLATY
BUSH BIRD.

Thamnomanes caesius hoffmannsi HELLMAYR, Bull. B.O.Club, 16, 1906, p. 53 (San
Antonio do Prata.e. of Para) :idem,l. c., 13, 1906^.367 (S.Antonio) ;SNETHLAGE,
Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 284 (Pard, S. Antonio, Rio Capim, Rio Guama);
HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 65 (diag.; Pard district); JHERING and
JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 204 (Igarape-Assu, Para) ; SNETHLAGE,
Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 531 (Arumatheua, R. Tocantins); HELLMAYR,
Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 44 (Peixe-
Boi, Ipitinga), 92 (Para, Igarap6-Assu, San Antonio, Peixe-Boi, Guama,
Capim); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 278 (Para, Mocajatuba,
Providencia, Ananindeuba, Apehu, S. Isabel, Peixe-Boi, S. Antonio; R. Guamd
(Santa Maria do S. Miguel); R. Capim (Resacca); Arumatheua, Cametd,
Baiao, Rio Tocantins).

Thamnomanes hoffmannsi SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 61, 1913, p. 509 (right bank
of Xingu).

• Thamnomanes caesius hoffmannsi HELLMAYR: Male agreeing with T. c. caesius
in absence of white interscapular blotch, but general coloration much lighter, clear
plumbeous; throat variegated with white, auriculars narrowly streaked with the
same; edge of wing, axillaries and under wing coverts white. Female exactly like
that of T. c. caesius, having a large semi-concealed white interscapular blotch.
Wing (cf) 69-71, (9) 67-72; tail (<f) 60-63, (9) 60-65; bill 16-17.— C. E. H.

130 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnomanes caesius (not of TEMMINCK) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905,

p. 285 (Igarapd-Assu; descr. 9).
Thamnomanes glaucus (not of CABANIS) SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907,

p. 284 (two 9 9 from Para and Rio Guama in Goeldi Museum examined by

C. E. H.).

Range: Northeastern Brazil, Para district, ranging westward to the
right bank of the Rio Xingu (fide Snethlage) •, and adjoining parts of
Maranhao.

5: Brazil (Tury-assu, Maranhao 5).

Thamnomanes caesius persimilis Hellmayr.b AMAZONIAN SLATY BUSH
BIRD.

Thamnomanes caesius persimilis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 64, 65
(Tefi€, Rio SolimoSs, nw. Brazil) ; JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz. ,
i, 1907, p. 414 (Teff6); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 371 (Humaytha,
Rio Madeira; Rio Jurud); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 343 (Calama, Maroins,
Rio Machados; Salto do Girao, R. Madeira; Rio Jurud; range excl. Tocan-
tins); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 279 (Victoria, Rio Xingu;
Santarem, Boim, Villa Braga, Bella Vista, Rio Tapaj6z; Santa Elena, Rio
Jamauchim).

Thamnomanes caesius (not of TEMMINCK) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 80
(part; Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira; o" examined by C. E. H.); JHERING,
Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 440 (Rio Jurua; o* examined by C. E. H.);
idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 204 (part; Rio Jurud).

Thamnomanes caesius caesius HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool. 13, 1906, p. 368 (part ;
Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira; Rio Jurud).

Thamnomanes caesius glaucus (not of CABANIS) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14,
1907, p. 17 (one 9 ; Itaituba, R. Tapaj6z).

Thamnomanes caesius ho/mannsi (not of HELLMAYR) SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith.,
56, 1908, p. 510 (Bella Vista, Villa Braga, R. Tapaj6z).

Thamnomanes persimilis SNETHLAGE, 1. c., 61, 1913, p. 509 (left bank of the
Xingu River).

Range: Western and northern Brazil, from the Rio Solimoes (Teffe")
and the Rio Jurud south to the Rio Madeira and its affluent, the Rio
Machados, east to the left bank of the Rio Xingu.0

• No specimens from the Rio Xingu examined by me. Birds from the Rio Tocan-
tins are identical with Pard examples. Their identification by Miss Snethlage, as
recorded in Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 344 in text, thus requires correction. — C. E. H.

b Thamnomanes caesius persimilis HELLMAYR: Male much like T. c. hoffmannsi,
but somewhat darker plumbeous (though much lighter, less slaty than T. c. caesius),
the auriculars without white streaks, edge of wing slate gray, and throat not mottled
with whitish. Female at once distinguishable from caesius and hoffmannsi by having
the breast and abdomen much deeper tawny or ferruginous, throat and foreneck
alone being pale brownish mixed with buff. It closely resembles the female of T. c.
glaucus, from which it only differs by the deeper buff mottling of the throat. Wing
(c?) 70-76, (9) 70-72; tail (o*) 61-65, (9) 61-65; bill 16-17.— C. E. H.

0 No specimens from the Xingu or the right bank of the Tapaj6z seen. One male
and two females obtained by W. Hoffmanns and E. Snethlage on the left bank of
the latter river, at Villa Braga and Itaituba, are practically identical with those from
more western localities. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 131

"Thamnomanes caesius glaucus Cabanis.* GUIANAN SLATY BUSH
BIRD.

Thamnomancs glaucus CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13, (i), 1847, p. 230 (Cayenne;
descr. cf); idem, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, 1848, p. 688 (Cay-
enne); SCLATER, P, Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 223 (descr., o", 9 ; Cayenne, Rio
Napo); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862, p. 178 (Rio Napo); PELZELN, Orn.
Bras., 2, 1868, p. 80 (Marabitanas, Rio Icanna, Barcellos, Manaos, Rio
Negro; Cayenne); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 424 (Bartica Grove, Camacusa,
Brit. Guiana); W. SCLATER, 1. c., 1887, p. 318 (Maccassema, Brit. Guiana);
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 227 (Brit. Guiana; Maroni R.f
Surinam; Oyapoc, Cayenne; Iquitos, Xeberos, Chamicuros, Ucayali, Peru;
Sarayacu, Rio Napo, e. Ecuador; Bogota); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov.
Zool., 9, 1902, p. 71 (Munduapo, Bichaco, Nericagua, Orinoco R., Suapure,
La Pricion, Nicare, La Union, Caura R.); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 64
Coca, Rio Napo); MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, 1904, p. 175 (S. Jean du
Maroni, Rio Lunier, French Guiana); idem, 1. c., 14, 1908, p. 12 (French
Guiana) ; BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 154 (Ipousin, Rio Approuague),
319 (S. Jean du Maroni, Rio Lunier); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8,
1914, p. 279 (Obidos; Rio Jary [S. Antonio da Cachoeira]); CHERRIE, Mus.
Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 281 (Falls of Maipures and beyond,
Orinoco R.; La Union, Suapure, Caura R.); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 373 (La Morelia, Florencia, se. Colombia); BANGS
and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, No. 2, 1918, p. 67 (Lelydorp,
Surinam); CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 25 (Brit. Guiana).

Thamnomanes glaucust SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 67 (Rio Napo).

Thamnomanes caesius glaucus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 368 (range,
excl. Yuracares, n. Bolivia); idem, 1. c., 14, 1907, p. 65 (diagn., Guianas,
Venezuela; Rio Negro; e. Ecuador; ne. Peru; "Bogota"; excl. Yuracares,
n. Bolivia); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 204 (range,
excl. Bolivia); BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, i, 1907, p. 132 (Bartica), 227 (nest-
ing habits).

Thamnistes affinis SALVADOR:, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., 7, 1864, p. 154 (locality
unknown, descr. 9 ; see SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 175,
Note).

Range: The Guianas; Orinoco-Caura region, Venezuela; northern
Brazil (Rio Negro, Rio Branco, south to north bank of lower Amazon:
Rio Jamundi, Obidos); eastern Colombia; eastern Ecuador.b

2: Brazil (Conceigao, Rio Branco i; lower Rio Branco i).

• Thamnomanes caesius glaucus CABANIS: Male similar to T. c. persimilis in clear
plumbeous coloration, but immediately recognizable by having a large semi-con-
cealed white interscapular patch ; female with upper parts, including tail, wing coverts
and outer webs of remiges, light rufescent brown, base of interscapulars extensively
white; throat deep buff with brownish edges on lower portion; foreneck strongly
shaded with brownish, remainder of under parts deep twany.— C. E. H.

b The status of the inhabitants of ne. Peru is not definitely established. As
pointed out by me (Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 96, in text) males from
Yurimaguas, Chamicuros, Xeberos and the north bank of the Marafion (Iquitos,
Pebas, Nauta), in tone of coloration, are intermediate between glaucus and schisto-

132 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnomanes caesius schistogynus Hellmayr.* BOLIVIAN SLATY
BUSH BIRD.

Thamnomanes caesius schistogynus HELLMAYR, Rev. Prang. d'Orn., 2, No. 22,
Feb. 1911, p. 25 (Rio San Mateo, n. Bolivia [type]; Rio Purus, w. Brazil);
idem, Arch. Naturg., 85, Abt. A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 95 (Yahuarmayo, San
Gaban, north slope of Sierra de Carabaya, se. Peru).

Thamnomanes purusianus SNETHLAGE, Ornith. Monatsber., 22, 1914, p. 40
(Ponto Alegre, Rio Purus; types in Goeldi Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Tyrannus caesius (not of TEMMINCK) D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Am6r. me'rid., Ois.f
!839, p. 309 (Yuracares, n. Bolivia; specimens in Paris Museum examined
by C. E. H.).

Thamnomanes caesius SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 223 (part; Bolivia,
ex D'ORBIGNY).

Thamnomanes caesius glaucus (not of CABANIS) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13,
1906, p. 368 (part; Yuracares, n. Bolivia); idem, 1. c., 14, 1907, p. 65 (part;
Yuracares, n. Bolivia).

Thamnomanes glaucus SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, 15 (Ponto Alegre,
R. Purus).

Thamnomanes sp. nov. SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 279, 500
(Ponto Alegre, R. Punis).

Range: Northern Bolivia (Yuracares, Rio San Mateo); southeast-
ern Peru (Marcapata, Dept. Cuzcob; Rio San Gaban, Yahuarmayo,
north slope of Sierra de Carabaya) ; western Brazil (Ponto Alegre, on
the upper Purus).

gynus. While the majority ot tne females in their rufescent brown upper parts, buff
throat and brownish f oreneck resemble glaucus, being, however, rather more deeply
colored throughout; there occur sometimes specimens with bluish slate dorsal
surface, anterior under parts and lower tail coverts that cannot be distinguished
from schistogynus.

The following references pertain to this form of doubtful standing:

Thamnomanes glaucus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 750 (Xeb-
eros, Yurimaguas, Chyavetas) ; idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 274 (same localities, Chamicuros);
TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1882, p. 30 (Yurimaguas); idem, Orn Perou, 2, 1884, p. 25
(descr. d", 9 ex Yurimaguas; Xeberos, Chyavetas, Chamicuros [ex BARTLETT]). —
C. E. H.

''Thamnomanes caesius schistogynus HELLMAYR: Male differs from T. c. glaucus,
which it resembles in possessing a large white interscapular patch, by the much
darker, more bluish slaty general coloration and the dark gray axillaries and under
wing coverts. Female quite distinct from those of the other members of the genus by
the upper parts, sides of head, throat, foreneck and under tail coverts being bluish
slate gray as in the male sex; breast and abdomen deep tawny as in glaucus.

Adult male, wing 69-74; tail 62-66; bill i5>£-i6>£. Adult female, wing 68-71;
tail 61-65; bill 15-16.— C. E. H.

bA couple secured by Otto Garlepp in the Berlepsch Collection. One of the
three Peruvian females has the foreneck slightly washed with olive, thus pointing
towards glaucus. — C. E. H.

1 924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 133

Genus MYRMOTHERULA Sclater.-

Myrmotherula SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 234 (type by subs, desig.,

Sclater, 1890, Muscicapa pygmaea GMELIN = M uscicapa brachyura HERMANN).
Myrmotherium CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 12 (new name for

Myrmotherula SCLATER on grounds of purism).
Myrmophila idem, 1. c., p. 12 (type by subs, design. Sclater, 1890, Formicivora

brevicauda SWAINSON).

Rhopias idem, 1. c., p. 13 (type Thamnophilus gularis SPIX).
Myrmopagis RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, 1909, p. 69 (type Myrmo-

thera axiilaris VIEILLOT).
Poliolaema CHUBB, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., foth ser.), 2, July 1918, p. 124 (type

Myrmotherula cinereiventris SCLATER and SALVIN).

*Mynnotherula brachyura (Hermann). PYGMY ANT WREN.

Muscicapa brachyura HERMANN, Tab. Aff. Anim., 1783, p. 299, note (based on

"Le petit Gobe-mouche tachet6, de Cayenne" BUFFON, Hist. Nat. Ois., 4,

p. 554, and Daubenton, PI. enl. 831, fig. 2; = 9 ; see STRESEMANN, Nov. Zool.,

27, 1920, p. 329).

Muscicapa pygmaea GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, (2), 1789, p. 933 (based on Daubenton,

PI. enl. 831, fig. 2; Cayenne).

Tamnophilus minutus LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool.,
7, cl. 2, 1837, p. 12 (based on Daubenton, PI. enl. 831, fig. 2; Yuracares,
Bolivia).

Myrmothera minuta D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Am6r. mend., Ois., 1838, p. 184 (Yura-
cares, Bolivia; descr. 9).

Formicivora pygmaea CABANIS in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, 1848,
p. 688 (Brit. Guiana); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, 1855, P- H7 (Bogotd);
idem, 1. c., 27, 1858, p. 67 (Rio Napo).

Myrmotherula Pygmaea SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 234 (descr. d", 9 ;
Cayenne, Bogota, Rio Napo, Bolivia); CASSIN, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1860, p. 190 (Rio Truando, nw. Colombia); LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat.
Hist., 7, 1862, p. 235 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2,
1868, p. 80 (Guajaraguacu, Rio Mamor6); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1866, p. 185 (upper Ucayali); idem, 1. c., 1867, p. 750 (Xeberos, Yuri-
maguas, Chyavetas, e. Peru), 978 (Pebas); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 185 (Cosni-
pata, se. Peru), 274 (upper Ucayali, Xeberos, Yurimaguas, Chyavetas,
Chamicuros, Pebas, e. Peru); SALVIN, Ibis, 1874, P- 311 (Rio Truando and
Panama); TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 30 (Yurimaguas); idem,
Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 37 (Peruvian localities); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, P- 424
(Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Brit. Guiana); BERLEPSCH, Journ. Ornith.,
1889, p. 304 (Tarapoto, ne. Peru); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 230 (monogr., range); SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14,
• Although the members of this genus vary considerably in shape of bill, relative
length of tail and tarsus, as also in style of coloration, I have not been able to draw
a satisfactory line between the various, recently discriminated sections. M . gularis
(type of Rhopias) is certainly remarkable for its small bill and very short tail, but
as M. guUuralis and the M. teucophthalma group, obviously its northern representa-
tives, agree in structure with "Myrmopagis" I cannot advocate the recognition of a
separate genus for its reception. Notwithstanding the contrary assertion of the
late P. L. Sclater, M. brachyura has twelve rectrices, just like M. axiilaris (type of
Myrmopagis). — C. E. H.

134 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

No. 362, 1899, p. 29 (Zamora, e. Ecuador); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov.
Zool., 9, 1902, p. 73 (La Pricion, Caura R.); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56,
1908, p. 15 (Bom Lugar, Rio Purvis); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908,
p. 154 (Cayenne, Roche- Marie, Ipousin, French Guiana); HELLMAYR, Nov.
Zool., 14, 1907, p. 382 (Borba, Humaytha, Rio Madeira); idem, 1. c., 17,
1910, p. 345 (Marmellos, Calama, Rio Madeira); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus.,
50, Part 5, 1911, p. 64 (monogr., synon., range); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith.,
61, 1913, ?• 528 (ecology); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 281
(Cameta, I. Pirunum, Arumatheua, Rio Tocantins; Pimental, R. Tapajdz;
Santa Elena, R. Jamauchim; Bom Lugar, R. Purtis; Rio Jary (S. Antonio
da Cachoeira, Obidos); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916,
p. 283 (La Pricion, Caura R.); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,
1917, p. 373 (S. Jos6, Choco; Florencia, La Morelia, se. Colombia); BANGS
and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, No. 2, 1918, p. 67 (Paramaribo,
Surinam); CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 26 (Supenaam, Bartica,
Camacusa, Brit. Guiana).

Myrmotherula brachyura HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, Nov. 1920,
p. 96 (Yahuarmayo, se. Peru); idem, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 206 (San Mateo,
Bolivia); BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, No. 6, Sept. 1922,
p. 206 (Jesusito, Darien).

Range: From eastern Panama (Lion Hill; Darien) and Colombia
(R. Truando; San Jose", Pacific coast; eastern slope of eastern Andes)
east through southern Venezuela (Caura Valley) to French Guiana;
south through eastern Ecuador and Peru to northern and eastern
Bolivia (Yuracares, San Mateo; Rio Surutu, Prov. del Sara), and
northern Brazil (as far east as the Tocantins).

4: Peru (Moyobamba 2, Puerto Bermudez, Rio Pichis i), Colombia
("Bogota" i).

Myrmotherula sclateri Snethlage.* SCLATER'S ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula sclateri SNETHLAGE, Ornith. Monatsber., 20, 1912, p. 153 (Boim,
R. Tapaj6z; types examined) ; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 281 (Boim);
HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 97 in text (Boim; crit.).

Myrmotherula kermiti CHERRIED Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, 1916, p. 184
(BarSo Melgaco, Matto Grosso; type in coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, exam-
ined; « 9).

Range: Northern Brazil (as yet only known from Boim, left bank
of R. Tapaj6z, and Barao Melgago, northern Matto Grosso).

^Myrmotherula sclateri SNETHLAGE: Nearly related to M. brachyura, but with
much longer tail and bill; throat and sides of head in both sexes straw yellow (in
M. brachyura these parts are white in the male, buffy or ochraceous in the female) ;
male with crown stripes pale yellow instead of white; female without buffy suffusion
below, but with numerous distinct black streaks on sides of throat, foreneck and
chest (in M. brachyura female only the sides of the chest are striped, but much more
broadly so). Wing, 45-46X1 tail, 25-28; bill, 14-14^.— C. E. H.

bThe type is practically identical with two topotypes from Boim with which it
was directly compared by C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 135

*Myrmotherula surinamensis surinamensis (Gmelin). SURINAM ANT

WREN.

Sitta surinamensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, (i), 1788, p. 442 (based on "Surinam

Nuthatch" LATHAM, Gen. Syn. Birds, i, (2), p. 654, pi. 28 (= 9); Surinam).

Myrmothera melanoleucos VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. £d., 12,

1817, p. 113 ("el la Guyane").
Formicivora quadrivittata (Lichtenstein Ms.) CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13, i,

1847, p. 227 (Brit. Guiana); idem in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3,

1848, p. 688 (Brit. Guiana).

Myiothera pusilla (Cuvier Ms.) PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, livr. 3, 1855,
p. 335 (part; specimen ex Laugier, Cayenne; see MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR,
Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 48).

Myrmotherula surinamensis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 234 (part;
Cayenne, Brit. Guiana); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 425 (Camacusa, Brit. Guiana);
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., X5, 1890, p. 231 (part; spec, m-q, Brit. Guiana,
v, Cayenne); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 73 (Suapure,
Nicare, La Pricion, Caura R., Mato R., Caura district, Venezuela*); BER-
LEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 154 (Ipousin, R. Approuague, Cayenne);
RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 62 (part; Venezuela, Brit.
Guiana, Cayenne); CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 27 (Brit. Guiana).

Myrmotherula surinamensis surinamensis HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911,
p. 1160 (characters; French, Dutch and Brit. Guiana; e. Venezuela; Caura
Valley); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 283 (La Union,
Maripa, Mato R., Caura district*); BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 62, No. 2, 1918, p. 68 (Paramaribo).

Range: French, Dutch and British Guiana; eastern Venezuela
(Caura basin), and northern Brazil (upper Rio Branco).

4: French Guiana (Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni i); Surinam (vicin-
ity of Paramaribo i); northern Brazil (base of Serra da Lua, near
Boavista, upper Rio Branco 2).

*Myrmotherula surinamensis pacifica Helltnayr.* PACIFIC ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula surinamensis pacifica HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1159
(Buenaventura, Choco [type]; Guineo, Rio Calima, Piano de los Monos
near Naranjo, w. Colombia), 1161 (syn., characters, Panama to w. Ecuador);
CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 373 (Alto Bonito,
Dabeiba, Quibdo, Novita, Novita Trail, Juntas de Tamana, Noanama,
Buenaventura, Los Cisneros, Tumaco, Barbacoas, w. Colombia; Puerto
Valdivia, Malena, R. Magdalena) ; BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 65, No.6, 1922, p. 206 (Mt. Sap<5 and Jesusito, Darien).

• The single male from Munduapo, R. Orinoco (about two days, by canoe, below
S. Fernando de Atabapo) is more likely to pertain to M. s. multostriata, but the ques-
tion cannot be satisfactorily settled until females come to hand. In any case, the
specimen is quite distinct from M. cherriei. — C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula surinamensis pacifica HELLMAYR: Differs from M. s. surin-
amensis in its longer tail, much stronger as well as decidedly longer bill, wider white
tips to rectrices (about 3 to 4 mm. on outermost pair), and in having the upper back

136 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Myrmotherula-? SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 294 (Esmeraldas, nw. Ecuador).

Myrmotherula surinamensis (not of GMELIN) CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 1860, p. 190 (Rio Truando); LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 7,
1861, p. 293 (Isthmus of Panama); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1864, p. 356 (Lion Hill, Panama); idem, 1. c., 1879, p. 525 (Remedies, Antio-
quia; eggs descr.); SALVIN, Ibis, 1874, P- 3" (Turbo, Panama); BERLEPSCH
and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 564 (Chimbo, sw. Ecuador);
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 231 (part; spec, a-g, j, k, 1, Vera-
gua, Panama; Esmeraldas, Intac, Ecuador; Remedies, "Bogota," Colom-
bia); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 209 (part;
Panama, Colombia); SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362,
1899, p. 29 (part; Peripa, w. Ecuador; spec, examined); BANGS, Proc. New
Eng. Zool. Cl., 2, 1900, p. 23 (Loma del Leon); HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9,
1902, p. 612 (San Javier, Pambilar, nw. Ecuador); GOODFELLOW, Ibis,
1902, p. 64 (S. Nicholas, Gualea, w. Ecuador); MENEGAUX, Miss. g£ogr.
Arm6e Mes. M6rid. Equat., 9, 1911, p. B 33 (Santo Domingo, w. Ecuador);
RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 62 (part; Panama, Colombia,
w. Ecuador); STONE, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 70, 1918, p. 260 (Rio Siri,
Panama).

Range: Panama (Lion Hill, Rio Siri, Colon, Darien), Colombia
(Pacific coast; lower Magdalena Valley; also found in "Bogota"
collections) and western Ecuador (south to Chimbo).

7: Panama (Colon 3); Colombia (Quibdo, R. Atrato i, Dabeiba i,
Buenaventura i) ; Ecuador (Chimbo i).

Myrmotherula surinamensis multostriata Sdater.* AMAZONIAN ANT
WREN.

Myrmotherula multostriata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 234, pi. 141,
figs. 2 (o"), 3 (9) (Ucayali River, e. Peru; types in British Museum exam-
ined); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862, p. 179 (Upper Amazons — Bates,
erroneously listed as type); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 185
(upper Ucayali); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 274 (upper Ucayali, Santa Cruz, e. Peru;
spec, in British Museum examined); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 39
(part; descr. of 9 and "d" non adulte" in coll. Sclater only; hab. part,
Ucayali, Santa Cruz); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 72
in text (crit.); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 61, 1913, p. 528 (ecology).

less variegated with black, while the white interscapular blotch is much smaller in the
male and wholly absent in the female. The latter sex, too, has the top of the head
conspicuously clearer, about "tawny ochraceous" (instead of "deep tawny") and the
dark stripes on the hind crown and nape are much duller and less pronounced, being
dusky olive instead of deep black. Wing (cf) 51-54, (9) 49-53; tail 27-31%;
bill i5-i6#.— C. E. H.

• Myrmotherula surinamensis multostriata SCLATER: Male not distinguishable
from M. s. surinamensis, but female with sides of head buff, streaked with dusky
(instead of plain cinnamon rufous); under parts much paler, creamy white and,
except for the middle of the abdomen, strongly marked with very distinct, though
narrow, blackish stripes. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 137

Myrmotherula surinamensis (not of GMELIN) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 231 (part; spec, w-z, b'-d', Santa Cruz, upper Ucayali, upper Ama-
zon); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p- 440 (Rio Jurua); HELLMAYR,
Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 368 (Prata, Para); SNETLHAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55,
1907, p. 284 (Para, Ourem; habits, nest and eggs descr.).

Myrmotherula surinamensis multostriata MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc.
Philom. Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 48 (Pebas, Nauta, ne. Peru; crit.);
HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 68 (Teff6), 382 (Humaytha, Rio Madeira) ;
JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 205 (R. Jurua), 414
(Teffe); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 510 (Isl. Goyana, R. Tapa-
J6z), 53i (Arumatheua, R. Tocantins); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910,
p. 345 (Calama, Marmellos, Jamarysinho, R. Madeira; syn., range); idem,
Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 44 (Peixe-
Boi), 92 (Para localities) ; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 281
(Para, Quati-puni, Rio Guama [Ourem]; J. Pae Lourenco, Arumatheua,
R. Tocantins; Santa Julia, Rio Iriri; Rio Curua; Goyana, Bella Vista,
Pimental, R. Tapaj6z; Cahy, Rio Jamauchim').

Range: Amazonia, south of the Amazon, from the Rio Guamd,
Prov. of Para, west to the lowlands of northeastern Peru (Ucayali,
lower Huallaga) where, however, it is also found on the north bank of
the Maranon (Nauta, Pebas).

Myrmotherula cherriei Berlepsch and Hartert* CHERRIE'S ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula cherriei BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 72,
(Perico [type] and Maipures, upper Orinoco, Venezuela; types in Tring
Museum examined); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 283
(Perico, Maipures).

Myrmotherula surinamensis (not of GMELIN) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 231 (part; spec, r-u, "Oyapoc, Cayenne," examined in British
Museum); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 154 ("Oyapoc, Cayenne").

Range: Venezuela, upper Orinoco, from below the falls of Atures
(Perico) to Maipures.0

• The specimens recorded from Far6, R. Jamunda (north bank of Amazon),
are more likely to belong to M. s. surinamensis.

b Myrmotherula cherriei BERLEPSCH and HARTERT: Differs from the M. surin-
amensis group by the male having the entire under surface much more broadly striped
with black, and the mandible black like the maxilla. The female may be recognized
by having the crown and hind neck black, edged with buff, and the under parts
deep buff striped with black, only the middle of the lower abdomen and under tail
coverts being plain. The tail is decidedly longer, and the white tips to the lateral
rectrices are somewhat wider than in the M. surinamensis group. Wing (seven o" o")
50-52, (four 99) 49-51; tail (cf) 30-32, (9) 28-30; bill 14^-16.

M. cherriei, while quite distinct from the M. surinamensis group, is possibly
more nearly related to M. longicauda, from which it chiefly differs by the heavily
striped under parts, the presence of a white interscapular blotch, and the black lower
mandible of the male. The female is very similar, but that of longicauda has only
a few streaks across the chest, etc. Besides, the tail in M. cherriei is somewhat
shorter and much less graduated. Unfortunately, I have no memorandum as to the
number of rectrices. No specimen is at present available for examination. — C. E. H.

0 The four specimens from "Oyapoc" in the British Museum which I have
examined belong indeed to M. cherriei, but as in the case of some other species
purchased from the same dealer (Madame Verdey, of Paris), I strongly doubt the
correctness of the locality. — C. E. H.

138 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

*Myrmotherula longicauda longicauda Berlepsch and Stolzmann.*
LONG-TAILED ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula longicauda BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ibis, (6th ser.), 6, 1894,
P- 394 (Chontabamba, Vitoc [o"J; La Merced and La Gloria, Chanchamayo
[9]; cotype from La Gloria examined by C. E. H.); idem, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1896, p. 381 (same localities).

Myrmotherula longicauda longicauda CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, 1923,
p. 4 in text (part; "Tulmayo" = Tulumayo, Dept. Junin).

Range : Subtropical zone of central Peru, in Dept. Junin (valleys of
Vitoc, Tulumayo, Chanchamayo).
i: Peru (San Ramon, Junin).

*Myrmotherula longicauda australis Chapman* OCHREOUS-BELLIED
ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula multostriata australis CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, Aug.

1923, p. 4 (Rio Inambari, Rio Tavara, La Pampa, n. Puno, se. Peru; Locotal,

Dept. Cochabamba, Bolivia).
Myrmothernla surinamensis (not of GMELIN) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, 1858,

p. 234, pi. 151, fig. i (=cf) (part; Rio Napo, e. Ecuador; spec, in Brit.

Mus. examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1866, p. 185 (Upper

Ucayali, e. Peru; spec, in Brit. Mus. examined by C. E. H.); idem, 1. c.,

1873, p. 274 (Upper Ucayali); TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1882, p. 30 (Huambo,

Dept. Loreto); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 231 (part; spec.

h, i, Rio Napo; a', Upper Ucayali, e. Peru; spec, examined by C. E. H.);

SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899, p. 29 (part;

Gualaquiza, e. Ecuador; spec, in Turin Museum examined by C. E. H.).

• Myrmotherula longicauda longicauda BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN: Differs
in both sexes from the M. surinamensis group in its longer, much more graduated
tail (the distance between the shortest and longest rectrix being from 8 to 1 2 against
4 to 5 mm. in surinamensis) with much more white on the lateral rectrices (the outer
web of the outermost being mostly white on apical half), and by lacking the white
interscapular blotch. Besides, the male has the entire throat, foreneck and abdomen
plain white, only a limited zone on the chest being streaked with black; in the female,
the crown and back are black, laterally edged with buffy white; the sides of the head
buffy white; the under parts pale buff, passing into whitish on throat and lower
abdomen, the chest only narrowly, though distinctly streaked with black. Wing
(five o*d* ad.) 51-52, (three 99) 48-50; tail (of) 37-40, (9) 36-39; bill 14. This
species (and its doubtfully separable subspecies australis) has obviously but ten
rectrices, while there are always twelve in the races of surinamensis. — C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula longicauda australis CHAPMAN: Male indistinguishable from the
typical race; but female on under parts much darker, ochraceous (deepest on breast),
with but a few obsolete sooty streaks on sides of chest; streaks on crown and pileum
decidedly buff; apical spots on wing coverts and edges to quills buffy instead of pure
white; sides of head deeper buff.

It is very reluctantly that I admit this form as distinct from M. I. longicauda,
since its distribution is most peculiar indeed. Females from Moyobamba prove to be
practically identical with two from La Pampa, while those from Vista Alegre, by
being deeper ochraceous both above and below, are even more different from longi-
cauda (as represented by Junin-examples), although they have the chest rather
more boldly streaked with blackish. The range of longicauda is thus seen to be
surrounded by australis in the north, east and south ! — C. E. H.

BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 139

Myrmotherula multostriata (not of SCLATER) TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2,
1884, p. 39 (part, descr. of d* ad. only; Huambo).

Myrmotherula longicauda (not of BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN) BERLEPSCH and
STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, Sept. 1906, p. 117 (Huaynapata, Marcapata, se. Peru;
spec, now in Vienna Museum, examined by C. E. H.).

Myrmotherula longicauda longicauda CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, 1923,
p. 4 (part; Zamora, Macas, e. Ecuador).

Range: Northern Bolivia (Espiritu Santo, Songo, Yungas of La Paz;
Locotal, Yungas of Cochabamba); eastern Peru, in depts. of Puno
(Rio Inambari and affluents), Cuzco (Marcapata), Huanuco (Vista
Alegre, Rio Chinchao) and Loreto (Moyobamba, Huayabamba) ; east-
ern Ecuador (Rio Napo, Gualaquiza, Zamora, Macas). »

10 : Peru (Moyobamba 7, Vista Alegre 3).

Myrmotherula guttata ( Vieillot). RUFOUS-BELLIED ANT WREN.

Myrmothera guttata VIEILLOT, Galerie Ois., 2, circa 1825, p. 251, pi. 155 (= c?)
(Cayenne).

Myrmotherula minuta (not Tamnophilus minutus LAFR. and D'ORB.) PELZELN
(ex LICHTENSTEIN Ms.), Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 81 (Rio Negro ( = Man-
aos) and Cayenne; types in Vienna Museum examined; = 9 ).

Myiothera poeciloptera (Cuvier Ms.) PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, livr. 3,
*855, p. 336 (Cayenne; type in Paris Museum examined; — 9).

Myrmotherula guttata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 235 (monogr.; Cay-
enne); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 425 (Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Brit. Guiana);
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 232 (Cayenne; Bartica Grove,
Camacusa, Brit. Guiana); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902,

• No females from Ecuador are available. Males have very short tails, but are
matched by others from the upper Ucayali, and Vista Alegre (Huanuco).

MEASUREMENTS

MALES WING TAIL BILL

One from Espirito Santo, Bolivia 49 37 14^3

Two from Rio Tavara, n. Puno, se. Peru 49,49 37,38 14,14^

One from Marcapata, Cuzco, se. Peru 48 37 14

One from Vista Alegre, Huanuco, Peru 50 34 14}^

Four from Moyobamba, Dept. Loreto 49,50^,51,52 37,37,37,38 14-14^

One from Upper Ucayali 47 31 # IA&

Five from e. Ecuador 48,49,49,49^,52 32,32,33,34 *3/

FEMALES

One from Songo, n. Bolivia 47 # 37.K 14

Two from La Pampa, n. Puno, se. Peru 48,49 37,38#

Two from Vista Alegre, Dept. Huanuco 49,49 34,37

Three from Moyobamba, Dept. Loreto 48,51,51 38,38,39

One from Huayabamba, Dept. Loreto 47/4 34K 14

X E. H.

140 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

p. 73 (La Union, La Pricion, Caura River, Venezuela); BERLEPSCH, 1. c., 15,
1908, p. 155 (Ipousin, R. Approuague, French Guiana); SNETHLAGE, Bol.
Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 283 (San Antonio da Cachoeira, Rio Jary; Obidos,
n. Brazil); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 283 (Caura
River, Venezuela).

Rhopoterpe guttata CABANIS in SCHOMBURGK, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, 1848, p.
688 (Brit. Guiana).

Poliolaema guttata CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 36 (Brit. Guiana).

Range: French, Dutch and British Guiana; eastern Venezuela
(Caura basin) ; northern Brazil, on north bank of lower Amazon (Rio
Jary, Obidos, Manaos).a

Myrmotherula hauxwelli hauxwelli (Sclater) .b HAUXWELL'S ANT WREN.

Formicivora hauxwelli SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, 1857, p. 131, pi. 126, fig. 2
("e. Peru"=Chamicuros, ne. Peru; type in Brit. Mus. examined); idem,
1. c., 26, 1858, p. 67 (Rio Napo, e. Ecuador).

Myrmotherula hauxwelli SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 236 (monogr. ;
Chamicuros, e. Peru; Rio Napo, e. Ecuador); SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c.,
1866, p. 186 (upper Ucayali, Nauta); idem, 1. c., 1867, p. 750 (Chyavetas);
idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 274 (upper Ucayali, Nauta, Chyavetas, Chamicuros,
Santa Cruz, ne. Peru); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 81 (Engenho
do Cap. Gama, w. Matto Grosso; Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira); TACZAN-
OWSKI, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 44 (Yurimaguas; Peruvian localities) ; SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 237 (part; Nauta, Chamicuros, Iquitos,
Chyavetas, Santa Cruz, Yurimaguas, ne. Peru; Rio Napo, Ecuador; "Bog-
ota"); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 64 (Coca, Rio Napo, e. Ecuador); SNETH-
lage, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 102 (Bom Lugar, Rio Purvis); idem, Bol.
Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 283 (Boim, Villa Braga, Rio Tapaj6z; Tucunar6,
Rio Jamauchim; Bom Lugar, Rio Purvis).

Myrmotherula hauxwelli hauxwelli HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 68 (Teff6,
Rio Solimoes), 383 (Humaytha, Rio Madeira); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 346
(Calama, Marmellos, Rio Madeira; Maroins, Rio Machados).

Range : Amazonia, from the Tapajoz west to eastern Peru, south to
western Matto Grosso (Rio Guapore"), in Brazil only south of the Ama-
zon, in Peru also on the north bank of the Maranon, thence ranging
through eastern Ecuador to southeastern Colombia (Murelia, Caquetd
region; "Bogota" collections).

• The few Brazilian females seen by me agree with others from the Guianas and
the Caura River.— C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula hauxwelli hauxwelli (SCLATER): Most nearly related to, and
agreeing in proportions with M. guttata, but male distinguishable by having the entire
under parts down to the tail coverts slate gray; the apical markings on wing coverts,
tertials, upper tail coverts and rectrices much less extensive and pure white; the
remiges edged with slate gray (instead of russet brown) ; by lacking the olive brown
rump. The female differs by the throat and breast being, like the rest of the under
surface, bright ferruginous instead of buffy brownish. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 141

*Myrmotherula hauxwelli hellmayri Siiethlage.* HELLMAYR'S ANT
WREN.

Myrmotherula hauxweUi hellmayri SNETHLAGE, Ornith. Monatsber., 14, 1906,

p. 9 (no locality given, the types evidently came from near Pard, ne. Brazil) ;

HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 369 (San Antonio do Prata, Para);

idem, Abhandl. math, naturw. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 45

(Peixe-Boi, Para).
Myrmotherula hawxwetti (not of SCLATER) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,

1867, p. 576 (Capim River).
Myrmotherula spec. HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905, p. 285 (Igarap6-Assu,

Para).
Myrmotherula hellmayri SNETHLAGE, Jour. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 285 (Pard, San

Antonio); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 283 (Pard, Providencia, Anan-

indeua, Benevides, Santa Isabel, Peixe-Boi, San Antonio do Prata; Rio

Guamd; Resacca, Rio Capim; Mazagao, Cametd, Baiao, Arumatheua, Rio

Tocantins).

Range: Northeastern Brazil, in states of Maranhao and Pard,
west to the Tocantins.

6: Para (Utinga 3), Maranhao (Tury-assii 3).

Myrmotherula gularis (Spix). SPOTTED-THROATED ANT WREN.

ThamnophUus gularis SPIX, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 30, pi. 41, fig. 2 (no locality
given; type, formerly in Munich Museum, lost; see HELLMAYR, Abhandl.
Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 2. Kl., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 663; we designate Rio de Jan-
eiro as type locality).

Myiothera cinerea WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831, p. 1093 (se. Brazil,
no locality specified; see ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 252).

Myrmothera gularis MENETRIES, Mem. Ac. Sci. St. P6tersb., (6th ser.), 3, Part 2
(Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 476 pi. 2, fig. 2 (Rio de Janeiro et "Minas Geraes";
nest and eggs descr.).

Myrmotherula gularis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 235 (monogr.; se. Bra-
zil); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 81 (Rio; Ypanema, Sao Paulo);
BERLEPSCH and JEERING, Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, 1885, p. 150 (Taquara, Rio
Grande do Sul); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 233 (monogr.;
se. Brazil); JEERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 1899, p. 239 (Piquete, Iporanga,
Sao Paulo); idem, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul para 1900, 1899, p. 130
(Mundo Novo); idem, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 205 (Alto da Serra, Uba-
tuba, Iporanga, Ilha de S. SebastiSo, S. Paulo; Ourinho, Parand).

Rhopoterpe gularis BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 56 (New
Freiburg, Rio).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Rio de Janeiro south to Rio
Grande do Sul.

• Myrmotherula hauxweUi hellmayri SNETBLAGE: Differs from the typical race
by lacking the white interscapular blotch. Besides, the females are slightly deeper
brown above and somewhat paler on the throat. — C. E. H.

142 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Myrmotherula gutturalis Salvin and Godman.* BROWN-BELLIED ANT
WREN.

Myrmotherula gutturalis SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, (4th ser.), 5, 1881, p. 269
(Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana; types in British Museum examined); SALVIN,
Ibis, 1885, p. 425 (Merum6 Mts., Rio Atapurow, Quonga, Brit. Guiana);
BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 155 (Ipousin, Rio Approuague, French
Guiana); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 348 (characters; British and
French Guiana); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 282 (S. Antonio
da Cachoeira, R. Jary; Obidos, n. Brazil).

Rhopias gutturalis CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 29 (Brit. Guiana).

Range: French, Dutch and British Guiana, south to the north bank
of the lower Amazon, northern Brazil (Rio Jary, Obidos). b

Myrmotherula leucophthalma leucophthalma (Pelzeln).* WHITE-EYED
ANT WREN.

Formicivora leucophthalma PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 83, 155 (Salto
do Girao, Rio Madeira; type ( = 9 ) in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Myrmotherula leucophthalma HELLMAYR, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges., 53, 1903, p. 213
(crit.; characters of 9); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 531 (Aru-
matheua, Rio Tocantins); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 282 (Macu-
jubim, w. Maraj6; Cameta, Arumatheua, Rio Tocantins; Victoria, R. Xingu;
Santa Elena, Tucunar£, Rio Jamauchim; Bom Lugar, Rio Punis).

Myrmotherula gutturalis leucophthalma SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908,
p. 15 (Bom Lugar, Punis; Maraj6).

Myrmotherula leucophthalma leucophthalma HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910,
p. 346 (Maroins, Rio Madeira; descr. o"), 347 (Macujubim, Maraj6; Aruma-
theua, Tocantins; Rio Madeira; Rio Punis).

Range: Northern and western Brazil, south of the Amazon, ranging
from the western portion of the island of Marajo (Macujubim) west to
the upper Punis (Bom Lugar), south along the Rio Madeira to north-
western Matto Grosso (Roosevelt River). d

8 Myrmotherula gutturalis SALVIN and GODMAN: The male is readily recognizable
among its affines by having the upper wing coverts olive brown, with very small
(dot-like) white apical spots; the females bear a striking resemblance to that of M.
fulviventris, but the upper wing coverts, although similarly tipped with fulvous ,
are much paler russet brown rather than blackish. — C. E. H.

b Four skins from Ipousin, French Guiana, agree well with seven from British
Guiana. No Brazilian specimens seen by us.

e Myrmotherula leucophthalma leucophthalma (PELZELN) : Male with upper parts
olive brown, sometimes washed with rufous on middle of back; tail cinnamon or
russet brown; median and greater upper wing coverts black with large, rounded
apical spots of deep buff; wings exteriorly edged with russet brown; throat black,
with large wedge-shaped white spots; cheeks, malar region, foreneck and chest
light cinereous; lower abdomen, flanks and under tail coverts olive or fulvous brown.
Wing (six o^o") 51-53; tail 39-42; bill 13-13^. Female differs in having the
lower parts (including throat) ochraceous, the sides of the head buff, and the apical
spots to the wing coverts deeper, more ochraceous buff. Wing (three 99) 51-54;
tail 43-45; bill 13-13}*.— C. E. H.

d I notice certain apparently individual variations among the six males before me.
One of two from the Roosevelt River and a single one from Maraj6 (Macujubim)

IQ24- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 143

*Myrmotherula leucophthalma sororia Berlepsch and Stolzmann.*
PERUVIAN ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula sororia BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ibis, (6th sen), 6, 1894,
p. 396 (La Gloria, Vitoc; La Merced, Chanchamayo, Dept. Junin, c. Peru);
idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 381 (same localities).

Myrmotherula leucophthalma sororia HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 348
(crit. ; Rio Tigr£, ne. Peru; La Gloria, c. Peru; range).

Myrmotherula gutturalis (not of SALVIN and GODMAN) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1882, p. 30 (Huambo, n. Peru); idem, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 42
(Huambo; descr. d"1, 9 ) ; 3, 1886, p. 509 (crit. ; Huambo, Rio Tigre1, ne. Peru).

Rhopias spodionota juninensis CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, 1918, p. 84
("Junin," c. Peru; descr. d").

Range : Peru, from the valleys of Vitoc and Chanchamayo, in Dept.
Junin, north to the Maranon (Rio Tigre").

2: Peru (Huachipa i, Vista Alegre i).

Myrmotherula leucophthalma spodionota Sclater and Salvin.b ECUA-
DORIAN ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula spodionota SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1880, p. 159
(Sarayacu, Ecudaor; types in British Museum examined; descr. d1); SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 234 (Sarayacu); HELLMAYR, Nov. ZooL, 17,
1910, p. 348 (Sarayacu, e. Ecuador; crit.).

Range: Eastern Ecuador (Sarayacu).

have the cinereous color below restricted to the foreneck, while in all the others
(one Rio Roosevelt, one Bom Lugar, Punis, two Rio Jamauchim) it extends well
over the breast. The tail also varies slightly in shade. A female from the Rio
Roosevelt is practically identical with the type. — C. E. H.

• Myrmotherula leucophthalma sororia BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN: Very closely
related to M. 1. leucophthalma, but differs in both sexes in dark brown tail with
only narrow rufescent edges along the outer web, smaller light markings to the
upper wing coverts, and somewhat darker brown upper parts. Besides, the male has
less white on the throat, darker gray breast and sides of head, while the duller, less
fulvous color of the belly is restricted to the flanks and crissum. The female is dis-
tinguishable only by slightly darker back and duller under parts. Wing (two o"o",
two 99) 51-53; tail 38-41; bill 13-14.

I have not seen any male from the type locality, but one each from Rio Tigrfi and
Vista Alegre correspond well to the original description. The former has the spots
on the median and greater wing coverts bright buff as in M. I. leucophthalma, whereas
in the Vista Alegre bird they are white, tinged with light buff only on the greater
series.— C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula leucophthalma spodionota SCLATER and SALVIN: The two
known males differ from leucophthalma and sororia by slate gray back, only the fore-
head and upper tail coverts being washed with olive brownish ; darker gray sides of
neck and breast; pure white apical spots to the wing coverts (in one, an immature
bird, buff on the greater series). Remiges and tail as in sororia. Wing 54, 55 ; tail 37 ,
39; bill 13^ I5-— C. E. H.

144 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

*Myrmotherula fulviventris Lawrence. FULVOUS-BELLIED ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula fulviventris LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, 1862, p. 468
(Lion Hill, Panama; types in American Museum of Natural History examined
by C. E. H.).

Myrmotherula fulviventris SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1864, p. 356
(Lion Hill; crit.); LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 9, 1868, p. 108 (Angos-
tura, Costa Rica); WYATT, Ibis, 1871, p. 331 (Naranjo, near Bucaramanga,
Santander); SALVIN, Ibis, 1874, P- 311 (Truando, Panama, Costa Rica);
SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 525 (Remedies, Antioquia);
BERLEPSCH, Journ. Ornith., 32, 1884, p. 318 (Naranjo, ex WYATT); SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 234 (Honduras to Ecuador); SALVADORI
and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899, p. 29 (Rio Peripa, w. Ecua-
dor); CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910, p. 607 (Caribbean lowlands
of Costa Rica; habits, eggs descr.).

Myrmotherula ornata ? (not of SCLATER) CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1860, p. 191 (Rio Truando).

Myrmotherula-? SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 294 (Esmeraldas, nw. Ecuador).

Myrmotherula viduata HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 492 (Cachabi, nw. Ecua-
dor; type in Tring Museum examined; = 9).

Myrmotherula fulviventris viduata HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 612 (crit.;
nw. Ecuador); HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1162 (El Tigre, N6vita,
Noanama, w. Colombia: "Bogota"; crit.; range); HARTERT, Nov. Zool.,
29, 1922, p. 392 (type; crit.).

Myrmopagis fulviventris RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 73
(s. Honduras to w. Ecuador; monogr., synon.); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 374 (Alto Bonito, Juntas de Tamand, Barbacoas,
Pacific Colombia; Puerto Valdivia, La Frijolera, lower Cauca; Miraflores,
c. Andes; Salencio, Novitd, Trail; crit.); STONE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
70, 1918, p. 261 (Gatun, Panama); BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 65, No. 6, 1922, p. 207 (Mt. Sap6, Rio Esnape, Jesusito, Darien).

Khopias fulviventris salmoni CHUBB, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (gth sen), 2, July
1918, p. 124 (Remedies, n. Colombia [type] and Ecuador).

Range: From southern Honduras (Rio Segovia) through Central
America to Panama, Colombia (Pacific coast, Cauca and Magdalena
valleys) and western Ecuador, as far south as Santa Rosa, Prov. del
Oro.*

6: Panama i; Costa Rica (Siguirres 2); Nicaragua (San Emilis,
Lake Nicaragua 2); Colombia (Puerto Valdivia i).

• After examining a large amount of material (eight from Panama, including
Lawrence's types; nine from Darien; seven from Pacific Colombia; seven from the
Cauca Valley; twenty-two from w. Ecuador), I am no longer able to maintain
viduata as distinct. Birds from Panama (topotypical of fulviventris) are in every
respect similar to the series from w. Ecuador (viduata), having the upper parts
warm brown, inclining to russet on rump as well as on the edges of the remiges and
rectrices, and the foreneck but slightly shaded with grayish. Birds from the lower
Cauca and "Bogota" collections, which unquestionably represent salmoni are not
different either. Twelve specimens from Costa Rica and Nicaragua are slightly

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 145

*Myrmotherula atrogularis Taczanowski. BLACK-THROATED ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula atrogularis TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 137 (o* from
Amable Maria, Dept. Junin; 9 from Monterico, Dept. Ayacucho, Peru), 530
(same localities); idem, 1. c., 1882, p. 30 (Huambo, Dept. Loreto); idem, Orn.
P£rou, 2, 1884, p. 41 (Amable Maria, Monterico, Huambo); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 235 (Huambo).

Myrmotherula guayabambae SHARPE, Bull. B. O. C., n, 1900, p. 2 (Guayabamba
[ = Huayabamba], n. Peru; type in Brit. Mus. examined by C. E. H. ; = 9 ad.) ;
HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 349 (crit.).

Range: Tropical zone of Peru (depts. Loreto, Huanuco, Junin and
northern Ayacucho) and northern Bolivia (Rio San Mateo, Yungas
of Cochabamba)».

5: Peru (Vista Alegre 2, Huachipa 3).

*Mynnotherula ornata ornata (Sclater). CHESTNUT-RUMPED ANT WREN.

Formicivora ornata SCLATER, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2nd ser.), 5, 1853, p. 480 ("Nova
Grenada" = Bogota; type in Coll. T. C. Eyton, now in Brit. Mus. examined;
descr. d"); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 147 (Bogota).

Myrmotherula ornata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 235 (monogr., descr.
d", 9 ; part, Bogota); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862, p. 179, pi. 15 (c?1, 9)
(Bogota); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 236 (part; spec, a-j, Bogota).

Myrmopagis ornata ornata CHAPMAN, BulL Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917,
P- 374i (Buena Vista, se. Colombia).

Range : Tropical zone of eastern Colombia,
i: Colombia ("Bogotd").

Myrmotherula ornata saturata (Chapman). b ECUADORIAN CHESTNUT-
RUMPED ANT WREN.

Myrmopagis ornata saturata CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 96, Nov. 1923, p. 9
(upper Suno River, e. Ecuador).

duller, more grayish brown above, with the edges to the quills and rectrices almost olive
brown, and the females average paler ochraceous underneath. There are, however,
so many exceptions to this rule that I do not feel justified in separating this northern
race without a more satisfactory series. It will be noted that E. Hartert, when
insisting on the validity of his viduata, based his conclusions on the comparison of
Ecuadorian and Costa Rica specimens only, while he admittedly had no material
from Panama (the type locality of fulviventris). If there are two forms, it is, how-
ever, the one found from Costa Rica northward that requires a name, since birds
from Panama prove to be the same as those from Colombia and Ecuador. — C. E. H.

• A pair from San Mateo agree well with (six) specimens from Peru (valley
of Huayabamba), but have slightly longer bills. No material examined from the
type locality.— C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula ornata saturata (CHAPMAN) : More deeply colored than
M. o. ornata; the rump in both sexes chestnut rather than Sanford's brown; male
with the gray areas darker, the flanks less washed with olivaceous.

The single female examined by me agrees in pattern of throat with M. o. ornata,
but has the rump decidedly deeper chestnut and the under parts slightly darker. —
C. E. H.

146 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Hypocnemis ornata (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 67
(Rio Napo).

Myrmotherula ornata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 235 (part; Rio
Napo); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 236 (part; spec, k-n, Sarayacu,
Rio Napo, e. Ecuador); SALVADOR: and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14,
No. 362, 1899, p. 29 (Zamora, e. Ecuador).

Range: Tropical zone of eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo, Sarayacu,
Zamora, upper Suno).

Myrmotherula ornata hoffmannsi Hellmayr.* HOFFMANNS'S ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula ornata hoffmannsi HELLMAYR, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. , 16, 1906, p. 84
(Itaituba, Rio Tapaj6z, n. Brazil); idem, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 22 (Itai-
tuba); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 511 (Villa Braga, Rio Tapa-
J6z), 532 (Arumatheua, R. Tocantins); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910,
p. 349 (Calama, Rio Madeira); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914,
p. 282 (Arumatheua, R. Tocantins; Boim, Villa Braga, R. Tapajtfz).

Myrmotherula ornata (not of SCLATER) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 81
(Salto Theotonio, Destacamento do Ribeirao, Rio Madeira; spec, in Vienna
Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the Tocantins
to the Rio Madeira.

*Mynnotherula haematonota (Sclater). RUFOUS-BACKED ANT WREN.

Formicivora haematonota SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, June 1857, p. 48 (Chami-
curos, e. Peru; type in British Museum examined by C. E. H.; = o" juv.).

Myrmotherula haematonota SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 235 (Chami-
curos; descr. o" juv.); SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1866, p. 185 (upper Ucayali,
Marabitanas) ; idem, 1. c., 1867, p. 750, 756 (Xeberos, Chyavetas); idem, I.e.,
1873. P- 274 (upper Ucayali, Xeberos, Chyavetas, Chamicuros, e. Peru);
PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 81 (Borba,b Rio Madeira; below Santa Bar-
bara,11 Marabitanas,b R. Negro); TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 30
(Yurimaguas) ; idem, Oin. P&rou, 2, 1884, p. 40 (Peruvian localities) ; SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 235 (Chamicuros,b Chyavetas, b upper
Ucayali, b e. Peru); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 70 (Teff6, Rio Soli-
moes; crit.), 384 (Borba, Humaytha, R. Madeira); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910,
p. 349 (Calama, Rio Madeira); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 205 (Rio
Jurua); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 16 (Cachoeira, R. Purvis),
511 (Villa Braga, R. Tapaj6z); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 282 (Boim,

• Myrmotherula ornata hoffmannsi HELLMAYR: Male very much like the typical
race, but of a clearer, more bluish slate gray with the chestnut dorsal area less
extensive, and the brownish suffusion on the flanks more restricted. Female quite
different from that of ornata by having the throat uniform deep ochraceous like the
belly (instead of black spotted with white); the apical spots to the wing coverts
buff instead of pure white, and only a small irregular chestnut patch in the middle
of the back, instead of the entire back and rump being of that color. Wing (three
50-53, (three 9 9) 51-53; tail 34-36, once 39; bill 14-15. — C. E. H.

b Specimens examined by C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 147

Pinhal, Villa Braga, R. Tapaj6z; Cachoeira, R. Purusb); CHERRIE, Mus.
Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 284 (upper Orinoco, above the second
falls; Suapure, La Union, Caura R.).

Myrmotherula pyrrhonota SCLATER and SALVIN,' Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., 1873,
p. 1 60 (Marabi tanas, b Rio Negro [which I designate as type locality] and
"Oyapoc, Cayenne")0; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 236 (same
localities); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 73 (Nericagua,
Munduapo, upper Orinoco; Suapure, La Pricion, Nicare, Caura R.b); BER-
LEPSCH, 1. c., 15, 1908, p. 155 ("Oyapoc").

Myrmotherula pyrrhonota amazonica JHERING, Revista Mus. Paul., 6, May
19O5. P- 44O (Rio Jurud, w. Brazil; types in Museu Paulista examined by
C. E. H.).

Myrmopagis haematonota CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917,
p. 374 (La Murelia, Caqueta, se. Colombia).

Range: Venezuela (Caura Valley; upper Orinoco); southeastern
Colombia (Caqueta region); northern Brazil (Rio Negro, Rio Solimoes;
south of the Amazon Valley from the Tapajoz westwards to the Madeira,
Jurud and Purus rivers) ; eastern Peru.8

i: Peru (Yurimaguas).

*Myrmotherula erythrura Sclater* RUFOUS-TAILED ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula erythrura SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 236, pi. 15
(o", 9) (Rio Napo [type], Sarayacu, e. Ecuadorb); SALVADORI and FESTA,
Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899, p. 29 (Rio Santiago, e. Ecuadorb);
HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft to, 1920, p. 97 (Yahuarmayo, n. Puno,
se. Peru; crit.).

Range: Eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo, Sarayacu, Rio Santiago) and
eastern Peru (Puerto Bermudez, Rio Pichis, eastern Junin; Yahuar-
mayo, affluent of Rio Inambari, northern Puno).

5: Peru (Puerto Bermudez).

Myrmotherula erythronotos (Hartlaub).* BLACK-BELLIED ANT WREN.
Formicivora erythronotos HARTLAUB, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2nd ser.), 4, 1852, p. 4
(Brasilia; type in Hamburg Museum; = o").

• As pointed out elsewhere (Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 70) there does not appear
to be any constant difference between specimens from Peru (haematonota) and
others from the Rio Negro-Orinoco district (pyrrhonota), the supposed characters
being attributable partly to age, partly to individual variation. — C. E. H.

b Specimens examined by C. E. H.

• The locality "Oyapoc, Cayenne" attached to some specimens bought from
Madame Verdey (of Paris) requires confirmation.

d Myrmotherula erythrura SCLATER: This rare species is nearest to M. haema-
tonota, but may be distinguished by its longer, bright rufous tail and by the male
having the throat uniform pale cinereous like the chest, besides several minor
characters. Seventeen specimens examined by C. E. H.

• Myrmotherula erythronotos (HARTLAUB) : Adult male with head all round, hind
neck and breast slate black, abdomen slate gray, lower flanks washed with pale
brownish; sides of breast, axillaries and broad margin along inner web of quills

148 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Formicivora erythronota BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 75
("Neu Freiburg," Prov. Rio; descr. o* ad. and imm.).

Myrmotherula erythronota SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 236 (se. Brazil,
Prov. Rio; descr. o", 9 ); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 237 (se. Brazil;
descr. o", 9); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., I, 1907, p. 206 (Novo Friburgo, Prov.
Rio).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, Prov. Rio de Janeiro.*

Myrmotherula axillaris luctuosa Pelzeln.b MOURNING ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula luctuosa PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 82, 153 (part,
descr. of c? only; types in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.; Bahia,
e. Brazil).

Myiothera fuliginosa (not of LICHTENSTEIN) WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2),
1831, p. 1067 (se. Brazil; descr. cf, 9).

Myrmothera axillaris (not of VIEILLOT) MENETRIES, M6m. Ac. Sci. St. P6tersb.,
(6th sen), 3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 478 (Rio de Janeiro; descr. o" , 9).

Formicivora axillaris (errore) BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 76
(Rio de Janeiro; descr. d").

Myrmothera axillaris SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 236 (part; Rio de
Janeiro).

Myrmotherula melanogastra (not of SPIX) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 81
(Sapitiba, Rio de Janeiro; spec, examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 240 (Pernambuco, Bahia, e. Brazil); HARTERT, Kat.
Samml. Mus. Senckenb. Ges., 1891, p. 112 (Brazil; descr. 9, examined by
C. E. H. in Frankfurt Museum).

Myrmotherula melanogaster (errore) JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, 1900, p. 158
(Cantagallo).

Myrmophila melanogastra (errore) CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 1874, p. 86 (Canta-
gallo, Prov. Rio).

silky white; back chestnut rufous; lesser upper wing coverts white, the remaining
ones black, with narrow white apical edges; upper tail coverts slate gray; remiges
and tail dull black. The immature male has the top and sides of the head dark slate
gray instead of black. The female differs by having the pileum, hind neck and upper
tail coverts olive brownish; the upper wing coverts blackish brown with broader
buff edges; the sides of the head and under parts light ochraceous, except for the
lateral portion of the breast and axillaries which are silky white as in the male.

Wing (three 0*0", one 9) 48^-50; tail 40-43; bill 13^-14- — C. E. H.
• The only ascertained locality is Novo Friburgo.

b Myrmotherula axillaris luctuosa PELZELN: Male differs from typical axillaris
by having much less white on the flanks, these parts being mostly pale gray or
grayish white, and by the longer white tips to the lateral rectrices; female easily dis-
tinguishable by ashy pileum and hind neck, grayish olive (instead of light brown)
back; less russet margins of the quills, and distinct, dull buffy apical spots to the
upper wing coverts. Seventeen specimens (ten o"o", two 9 9 from Bahia, one cf
Rio de Janeiro, one 9 Sapitiba, one cf, two 9 9 from Espirito Santo) examined
by C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 149

Myrmotherula axillaris luctuosa HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22,
No. 3, 1906, p. 664, 665 (crit.; descr. d\ 9 , e. Brazil, from Pernambuco to
Rio de Janeiro*); JHERING, Cat. P. Braz., i, 1907, p. 206 (Porto Cachoeiro,
Pao Gigante, Espirito Santo; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Myrmopagis axillaris luctuosa LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12, (2), 1920, p. 98
(Ilh6os-Belmonte, s. Bahia).

Range: Eastern Brazil, in states of Pernambuco, Bahia, Espirito
Santo and Rio de Janeiro.

*Myrmotherula axillaris axillaris ( Vieilloi). WHITE-FLANKED ANT
WREN.

Myrmothcra axillaris VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 12, 1817,
p. 113 ("La Guyane" = Cayenne) ; D'ORBIGNY, Voyage AmeY. meiid., Ois.,
1838, p. 183 (Yuracares, Bolivia).

Myiothera fuliginosa LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., 1823, p. 45,
No. 483 (part; spec, ex Cayenne).

Thamnophilus melanogaster SPIX, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 31, pi. 43, fig. i (=c?)
(Curupa = Gurupa, delta of the Amazon, n. Brazil; type in Munich Museum
examined by C. E. H.; see HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22,
No. 3, 1906, p. 664).

TamnophUus Lafresnayanus LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av.f i, in Mag.
Zool., 7, cl. 2, 1837, p. 13 (Yuracares, ne. Bolivia; type in Paris Museum
examined; = 9 ; see HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 203).

Formicivora Lafresnayana D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Am6r. mend., Ois., 1838 p. 182,
pi. 6, fig. i (Yuracares; =9).

Myrmotherula axillaris SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 236 (part; Trini-
dad, Cayenne, Brit. Guiana, Bolivia, upper Amazon); TAYLOR, Ibis, 1864,
p. 85 (Trinidad); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 82 (Villa Maria [ = San
Luis de Caceres], Engenho do Gama, Matto Grosso, S. Vicente, w. Matto
Grosso; Borba, Rio Madeira; spec, in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.) ;
SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 186 (upper Ucayali, e. Peru);
idem, 1. c., 1867, p. 576 (Capim River); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 274 (part; upper
Ucayali, Xeberos, Chamicuros, Santa Cruz, e. Peru); TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1882, p. 30 ( Yurimaguas) ; idem, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 47 (part;
upper Ucayali, Xeberos, Chamicuros, Chyavetas); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 425
(Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Merum6 Mts., Brit. Guiana); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 238 (Guiana, Lower Amazonia, Trinidad); CHAP-
MAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 6, 1894, P- 51 (Princestown, Trinidad);
BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 73 (Suapure, La Pricion,
Nicare, Caura River, Venezuela); MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, 1904,
p. 176 (Ouanary, Saint Georges-d'Oyapock, French Guiana); BERLEPSCH,
Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 155 (Cayenne, Rio Approuague, Ipousin, French
Guiana); HELLMAYR, 1. c., 13, 1906, p. 32 (Caparo, Trinidad); CHERRIE,
Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., I, No. 13, 1908, p. 366 (Carenage, Trinidad);

• The range does not extend farther south than Rio de Janeiro. Sao Paulo was
included on the authority of Jhering's record (Rev. Mus. Paul., 5, 1902, p. 275)
which, by examination of the specimens, turned out to be referable to M. minor. —
C. E. H.

150 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 440 (Rio Jurua); idem, Cat. P. Braz. ,
i, 1907, p. 206 (R. Jurua); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Phil.
Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 49 (crit.; Bolivia); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith.,
56, 1908, p. 16 (Cachoeira, R. Puriis), 511 (Goyana, Villa Braga, R. Tapa-
J6z), 532 (Arumatheua, R. Tocantins); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914,
p. 284 (numerous localities in Lower Amazonia).

Myrtnotherula axillaris melanogastra RIKER and CHAPMAN, Auk, 8, 1891, p. 28
(Diamantina, near Santarem).

Myr mother ula axillaris axillaris HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss.,
22, No. 3, 1906, p. 665 (crit.; Guianas, Amazonia, n. Bolivia); idem, Nov.
Zool., 13, 1906, p. 368 (S. Antonio do Prata, Para) ; idem, 1. c., 14, 1907, p. 22
(Itaituba, R. Tapaj6z), 69 (Teff6), 383 (Humaytha, Borba, Rio Madeira);
idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 349 (Maroins, Rio Machados); idem, Abhandl. math,
phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 46 (Peixe-Boi, Ipitinga), 92
(Pard localities); idem, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 203 (Bolivia; crit.).

Myrmopagis axillaris CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 282
(Suapure, Nicare, La Pricion, Caura R.); CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2,
1921, p. 30 (British Guiana); BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
62, 1918, p. 68 (Paramaribo, Lelydorp, Surinam).

Myrmotherula melaena (not of SCLATER) SCLATER and SAL YIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1866, p. 186 (lower Ucayali); idem, 1. c., 1867, p. 750 (Xeberos, Chyavetas);
idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 274 (lower Ucayali, Xeberos, Chyavetas, Chamicuros);
TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 48 (part; Ucayali, Xeberos, Chyavetas,
Chamicuros, Yurimaguas); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 239
(part; spec, n, o, q, r, Xeberos, Chamicuros, ne. Peru).

Range: Trinidad; eastern Venezuela (Caura Valley); Guianas;
northern Brazil, on the north bank of the Amazon so far west as the
Rio Jamunda, south of the river from Maranhao west to eastern Peru
(Yurimaguas, lower Huallaga; Ucayali), south to western Matto
Grosso (Rio Guapore"), northern Bolivia, and southeastern Peru
(Yahuarmayo, Rio Inambari, northern Puno).8

18: French Guiana (Saint-Jean-du-Maroni i); Brazil, (Conceigao 3,
Serra Grande, Rio Branco i, Tury-assii, Maranhao 3); Bolivia (Rio
San Antonio 2, Rio Espirito Santo i); Peru (Puerto Bermudez 2,
Moyobamba 2, Rioja i, Yurimaguas 2).

* In spite of this extensive range, I have not been able to make out any local
variation, at least as far as the male sex is concerned. A large series from Trinidad,
French Guiana, the Caura Valley and Lower Amazonia (Para district, including
the type of T. melanogaster SPIX) appear to be inseparable from ten examples
secured in se. Peru (Yahuarmayo) and n. Bolivia. Birds from the Ucayali and Puerto
Bermudez (Rio Pichis) are typically gray backed, exactly like others from the
Guianas. In n. Peru, Dept. Loreto (Chyavetas, Yurimaguas, Moyobamba, Rioja),
however, axillaris intergrades with melaena, some specimens being more like the
former, others hardly distinguishable from the latter, to which I have no hesita-
tion in referring a number of adult males taken at Iquitos and Pebas, north bank
of the Marafton. Females show certain differences, but my material is top scanty
to make sure whether they are of individual or racial significance. Eighty-six
specimens examined by C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 151

*Myrmotherula axillaris melaena (Sclater). BLACK ANT WREN.

Formicivora melaena SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, Oct. 1857, p. 239 ("Bogota,"
Colombia; descr. o*).

Myrmotherula melaena SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 237 (Bogota; descr.
cf); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 82 (Marabitanas, Rio Icanna, Rio
Negro district; spec, in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.); TACZANOW-
SKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 48 (part; Iquitos, ne. Peru); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 239 (part; spec, h-k, 1, m, p, s-v, Bogotd, Sarayacu,
e. Ecuador; Pebas, Iquitos, ne. Peru); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool.,
9, 1902, p. 74 (Maipures, Perico, Bichaco, Munduapo, R. Orinoco; Sara-
yacu, e. Ecuador; descr. nest and eggs; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Formicivora axillaris (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855,
p. 147 (Bogota).

Myrmotherula axillaris (errore) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867,
p. 978 (Pebas); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 274 (part; Pebas); TACZANOWSKI, Orn.
Perou, 2, 1884, p. 47 (part; Pebas).

Myrmopagis axillaris melaena CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,
I9I7f P- 374 (Florencia, La Morelia, se. Colombia).

Myrmopagis melaena RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 68 (part;
Bogotd, e. Ecuador, ne. Peru); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2,
1916, p. 282 (River Orinoco, from the first falls upwards; nest and eggs descr.).

Myrmopagis melaena melaena TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14,
1922, p. 311 (Fundacion, Trojas de Cataca, Santa Marta region).

Range: Venezuela (upper Orinoco, from the Falls of Maipures
upwards, and in southern Zulia) ; eastern Colombia, from the mouth of
the Rio Magdalena southwards, also on the eastern base of the eastern
Andes, Colombia, and in northwestern Brazil, on the upper Rio Negro ;
eastern Ecuador, and northeastern Peru (Pebas, Iquitos, north bank
of Rio Maranon).*

5: Colombia ("Bogota" i); Venezuela (Orope, Zulia 4).

*Myrmotherula axillaris albigula Lawrence* LAWRENCE'S ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula albigula LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 8, 1867, p. 131 (Pan-
ama Railroad, descr. 9 ; see SALVIN, Ibis, 1874, p. 317 [crit.]).

Myrmotherula axillaris (not of VIEILLOT) CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 5,
1908, p. 8 (Rio Sicsola, Costa Rica).

Myrmotherula melaena (not of SCLATER) SALVIN, Ibis, 1874, P- 3" (Truando,
Panama, Costa Rica); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 525

• Birds from Iquitos agree perfectly with those from "Bogota", while a series
from the upper Orinoco and two males from the Rio Negro are less blackish, pointing
toward M. a. axillaris. Twenty-six specimens examined by C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula, axillaris albigula LAWRENCE: Male averaging darker, more of a
jet black; female duller buff below, with more dusky suffusion on the chest. This is
not a very well marked race, and its characters are appreciable only when series
are compared. Fifteen specimens from Costa Rica, w. Colombia and w. Ecuador
•examined by C. E. H.

152 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

(Neche, Antioquia); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 239 (part;
spec, a-g, Angostura, Costa R:ca; Panama; Antioquia, Colombia); SALVA-
DOR: and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899, p. 30 (Rio Peripa,
w. Ecuador); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 64 (Santo Domingo, w. Ecuador);
CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910, p. 608 (Caribbean lowlands of
Costa Rica).

Myrmotherula axillaris meaelna (typog. err.) HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911,
p. 1162 (N6vita, w. Colombia).

Myrmopagis melaena RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 68 (part;
s. Honduras to Panama, w. Colombia [Rio Truando, Turbo, Neche] and
w. Ecuador).

Myrmopagis axillaris albigula CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917,
P- 375 (Alto Bonito, Dabeiba, Baudo, Juntas de Tamana, N6vita, S. Jos6,
Barbacoas, w. Colombia; Puerto Valdivia, lower Cauca); BANGS and B AR-
BOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, 1922, p. 207 (Mt. Sap6, Rio Esnape, Rio
Jesusito, Darien).

Range: From southern Honduras (Rio Segovia), Costa Rica, and
Panama through Pacific Colombia (ranging east to the lower Cauca
(Puerto Valdivia) and its affluent, the Rio Neche) to western Ecuador.

3: Costa Rica (Siguirres 2, Orosi i).

*Myrmotherula schisticolor schisticolor (Lawrence). LAWRENCE'S
SLATY ANT WREN.

Formicivora schisticolor LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 8, 1865, p. 173 (Tur-
rialba, Costa Rica; descr. c? juv.); idem, 1. c., 9, 1869, p. 108 (Turrialba,
Barranca, Costa Rica).

Myrmotherula modesta LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 9, March 1869, p.
108 (Grecia, Costa Rica; = 9 ad.).

Myrmotherula nigro-rufa BOUCARD, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, (n. s.), 25, 1878, p. 48
(types, o" juv. from Naranjo, Costa Rica, 9 from "Guatemala," now in
Paris Museum, examined by C. E. H.).

Myrmotherula menetriesi* (not of D'ORBIGNY) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860,
p. 67 (Pallatanga), 89 (Nanegal, w. Ecuador); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B.,
1862, p. 180 (part; spec, d, e, Pallatanga, Nanegal); SALVIN, 1. c., 1867,
p. 144 (Santiago de Veragua); idem, 1. c., 1870, p. 195 (Calovevora, Chitra,
Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui); idem, Ibis, 1874, P- 3IO> 311 (crit.; Veragua,
Chiriqui, Costa Rica; Vera Paz, Guatemala); BOUCARD, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1878, p. 61 (Naranjo de Cartago, Costa Rica); BERLEPSCH and TACZAN-
OWSKI, 1. c., 1883, p. 564 (part; Chimbo); idem, 1. c., 1884, p. 302 (Surupata,
w. Ecuador); ZELEDON, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, p. 115 (Bar-
ranca, Pozo Azul de Pirris, Costa Rica); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 240 (part; spec, a-z, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Veragua, Chiriqui;
Pallatanga, Nanegal, w. Ecuador); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ.,
Aves, 2, 1892, p. 211 (part; Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama;
w. Ecuador); CHERRIE, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Costa Rica, 6, 1893, p. 19

• Sometimes spelled menetriesii.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 153

(Pozo del Pital, Costa Rica); idem, Expl. Zool. me'rid. Costa Rica, 1893,
p. 41 (Lagarto, Boruca, Terraba, sw. Costa Rica); SALVADOR: and FESTA,
Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899, p. 30 (Peripa, w. Ecuador) ; GOODFELLOW,
Ibis, 1902, p. 65 (Gualea, w. Ecuador); BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3,
1902, p. 41 (Boquete, Volcan de Chiriqui); BANGS, Auk, 24, 1907, p. 296
(Boruca, Pozo del Rio Grande, sw. Costa Rica); MENEGAUX, Miss. Mes.
Arc Mend. Equat., 9, 1911, p. B 33 ("Quito").

Myrmotherula schisticolor HELLMAYR, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 53, 1903,
p. 210 (crit., part; Guatemala and Central America); MENEGAUX and
HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 50 (crit.).

Myrmotherula menetriesi schisticolor CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910,
p. 609 (Costa Rica; habits).

Myrmopagis schisticolor RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 70
(part; Guatemala to Panama).

Myrmotherula schisticolor schisticolor HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1163
(Siat6, w. Colombia; crit.).

Myrmopagis schisticolor schisticolor CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
36, 1917, p. 375 (Alto Bonito, Rio Atrato; Las Lomitas, S. Antonio, Ricaurte,
w. Andes; La Frijolera, Miraflores, Cauca R.).

Range: Central America, from Guatemala to Panama, and western
Colombia (coast range, Cauca Valley, western slope of central Andes)
and western Ecuador, south to Prov. El Oro.a

7: Nicaragua (San Rafael del Norte i); Costa Rica (Boruca 3,
Lagarto i); Panama (Boquete i); Ecuador (Chimbo i).

Myrmotherula schisticolor sanctae-martae Allen* SANTA MARTA
ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula sanctae-martae ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 13, 1900,

p. 1 60 (Valparaiso, Santa Marta Mts., n. Colombia [type]; Los Palmales,

Bermudez, ne. Venezuela; descr. cf).
Hylophilus brunneus ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 13, 1900, p. 171 (Las

Nubes, Santa Marta Mts.; = 9 ad., see HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 20, 1913,

P- 235)-
Myrmotherula sp. ind., SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 168 (Caripe,

Bermudez).

* Birds from Colombia and w. Ecuador are possibly separable subspecifically.
While males (of which I have examined a good series) do not differ from Central
American specimens, two females (one from Lita, Prov. Esmeraldas; the other from
Siat6, w. Colombia) approach M. s. interior by their dusky brown tail and dull
grayish olive back, the latter being, however, not pure slate gray as in the last named
race.— C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula schisticolor sanctae-martae ALLEN: Male differs from M. s. schisti-
color in having the black color below restricted to throat and middle of foreneck,
while the female is usually more of a grayish, less brownish olive above. Twenty-
four specimens (two from Santa Marta region, six from Carabobo, sixteen from
Bermudez) examined by C. E. H.

154 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Myrmotherula menetriesi (not of D'ORBIGNY) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S.
Lend, 1869, p. 252 (San Esteban, Carabobo); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 240 (part; spec, b', c', "Puerto Cabello," San Esteban, Ven-
ezuela).

Myrmotherula schisticolor sanctae-martac HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911,
p. 1163, in text (crit.; range); HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78,
A, Heft 5, 1912, p. 124 (Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo; Los Palmales, Que-
brada Secca, Bermudez; crit.).

Myrmopagis schisticolor sanctae-martae CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
33, 1914, p. 615, 616 in text (from the Santa Marta district along the Carib-
bean coast region of Venezuela to Cristobal Colon, Paria peninsula');
TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 1922, p. 310 (Valparaiso,
Cincinnati, Santa Marta district).

Range : Subtropical zone in the Caribbean coast region of northern
Colombia (Santa Marta district) and northern Venezuela (in states of
Carabobo and Bermudez).

*Myrmotherula schisticolor interior (Chapman}.* CHAPMAN'S SLATY
ANT WREN.

Myrmopagis schisticolor interior CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 33, 1914,
p. 614 (Buena Vista, east slope of e. Andes above Villavicencio, Colombia;
type in Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, examined by C. E. H.); idem, 1. c., 36,
1917, p. 375 (La Palma, La Candela, near S. Agustin, east slope of c. Andes;
Aguadita, near Bogotd; Buena Vista and La Morelia, e. Colombia).

Myrmotherula menetriesi (not of D'ORBIGNY) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1874, p. 530 (Amable Maria,0 Paltaypampa, c. Peru); idem, 1. c., 1882,
p. 30 (Huambo, n. Peru); idem, Orn. Per., 2, 1884, p. 45 (Amable Maria,
Huambo); BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 564 (part;
spec, ex Bogota); TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, 1. c., 1885, p. 101 (Machay,
Mapoto, e. Ecuador0); BERLEPSCH, Zeits. ges. Orn., 4, 1887, p. 185
(Bogotd0).

Myrmotherula schisticolor (not of LAWRENCE) BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN,
Orm's, 13, 1906, p. 117 (Huaynapata, Marcapata0).

• The males from Tumatumari, British Guiana, and Mount Duida, mentioned
by P. M. Chapman, prove, on examination, to belong to M. longipennis. — C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula schisticolor interior (CHAPMAN) : Male similar to M . s. schisticolor,
but the black pectoral area usually less extended abdominally, and the black-and-
white apical markings on the rectrices barely indicated; female much more different,
having the back slate gray, instead of brownish or buffy olive, the tail and wings
exteriorly margined with olivaceous brown instead of russet, and the upper wing
coverts dusky rather than russet brown.

Females from Peru (Huachipa and Marcapata) agree well with four from Buena
Vista and one from Machay, eastern Ecuador, though some have the crown more
strongly washed with buffy while others are much deeper ochraceous beneath.
Another specimen from Marcapata (Huaynapata), with brownish olive back, is
hardly distinguishable from certain west Ecuadorian females. Nineteen specimens
(4 Buena Vista, 4 "Bogota"; 2 Machay, eastern Ecuador; i Amable Maria, 5
Huachipa, 3 Marcapata) examined by C. E. H.

0 Specimens examined by C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 155

Range : Subtropical zone of eastern Colombia (eastern slope of cen-
tral Andes; eastern Andes), eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru (in
depts. Loreto, Huanuco, Junin, Cuzco), south to the Valley of Mar-
capata."

6: Colombia ("Bogota" i); Peru (Huachipa, Dept. Hudnuco 5).

*Mynnotherula longipennis longipennis Pelzeln* LONG-WINGED ANT
WREN.

Myrmotherula longipennis PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 82, 153
(Rio Negro, Marabitanas; types in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.;
descr. d", 9°); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 426 (Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Brit.
Guiana); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 241 (part; descr. of d1
only; spec, a-e, i, j, m, n, Bartica Grove, Camacusa; Oyapoc, Cayenne;
Sarayacu, Rio Napo, e. Ecuador; spec, examined by C. E. H.); BERLEPSCH
and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 74 (Suapure, La Union, La Pricion,
Nicare, Caura R., Venezuela; spec, examined by C. E. H.); JHERING, Rev.
Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 441, pi. 15, fig. i ( = c?) (Rio Jurua; spec, examined
by C. E. H.); idem, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 207 (Rio Jurua; Santarem);
MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (9th sen), 8, 1906,
p. 51 (Cayenne; crit.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 69 (Teffe, Rio
Solimoes), 383 (Borba, Rio Madeira); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 350 (Maroins,
Rio Machados); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 156 (Ipousin, Rio
Approuague); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Omith., 56, 1908, p. 511 (Villa Braga,
Rio Tapaj6z) ; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p- 285 (part; Xingu [Victoria],
Rio Tapaj6z [Villa Braga], Rio Jamauchim [Sta. Elena]; Rio Jary [S. Antonio
da Cachoeira]); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 284
(Caura Valley).

Myiothera pusilla (Cuvier Ms.) PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, livr. 3, 1855,
P- 335 (part; descr. 9 , Cayenne).

Myrmophila vavasouri CHUBB, Bull. B. O. C., 38, 1918, p. 83 (Ituribisci River,
Brit. Guiana; types in Coll. McConnell); idem, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921,
p. 32 (Ituribisci, Supenaam, Makauria R.f Anarica R., Bartica, Camacusa).

• F. M. Chapman (1. c., p. 615) extends its range east to the "Tropical zone of
the Orinoco"; but the five females from Suapure and Mato River, Caura district,
and the foot of Mt. Duida, upon which this statement is based, turn out to belong
to M. menetriesi cinereiventris and M. m. pallida respectively. — C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula 1. longipennis PELZELN: This species is more nearly related to
AT. schisticolor than to any other member of the genus, both agreeing very well in
proportions, and in shape of bill. The male may, however, easily be recognized by the
decidedly clearer slate gray of the plumage, especially below; by the black gular
patch being rounded posteriorly and restricted to throat and middle of foreneck;
by the large white tips to the rectrices; by the lesser wing coverts and outer scapulars
being white, forming an extensive shoulder patch. The female is even more distinct,
having only throat, foreneck and under tail coverts buff, while the abdomen is
extensively white medially, shaded with brownish olive or grayish brown along the
flanks.— C. E. H.

"The type, No. 15,226 d1 ad., March 14, 1831, is from Marabitanas, upper
Rio Negro. Another male was obtained on November n, 1830, on the lower Rio
Negro, half way between Manaos and Ayrao, and a young female at Santa Barbara,
above Sao Gabriel, on January 7, 1831.— C. E. H.

156 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Formicivora menetriesi (not of D'ORBIGNY) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, 1858,
p. 67 (Rio Napo; spec, now in Brit. Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Myrmotherula menetriesi SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, 1858, p. 237 (part; Rio
Napo); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862, p. 180 (part; Rio Napo).

Range: French, Dutch and British Guiana; eastern Venezuela
(Rio Yuruan*; Caura Valley ; foot of Mt. Duida, upper Orinoco*1) ; north-
ern Brazil (Rio Jary ; Rio Negro ; south of the Amazon from the Xingu
westwards, south to northern Matto Grosso,0 west to the Rio Jurua
and Teffe", R. Solimoes); eastern Peru (Puerto Bermudez, Rio Pichis,
eastern Junin); eastern Ecuador; southeastern Colombia (Cuembi,
Rio Putumayod).e

i: Peru (Puerto Bermudez).

4 Male and female in the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. — C. E. H.

b An adult male in the American Museum of Nat. Hist., New York. — C. E. H.

0 Specimens from Barao Melgaco and Roosevelt River in the same Museum. —
C. E. H.

d A female obtained by G. Hopke in the Berlepsch Collection. — C. E. H.

« With more ample material it might be possible to subdivide the typical form
into two local races. Males from French and British Guiana (M. vavasouri) are
absolutely indistinguishable from the typical examples, secured by Natterer on
the Rio Negro, the belly and sides of the head being of a rather dark, uniform slate
gray. In describing M. vavasouri, C. Chubb evidently compared his Guianan speci-
mens with the male from the Capim River, which is indeed much paler ("ash gray"),
but it belongs to M. I. paraensis\ A series from Venezuela (Caura-Orinoco basin)
are not separable either, although some are slightly paler on the belly.

Males from south of the Amazon (Borba, Maroins, Rio Jurud, Rio Roosevelt,
Puerto Bermudez) average lighter below and have the cheeks and auriculars dis-
tinctly streaked with silvery white. They are, however, not so light-colored as
M. I. paraensis, and the females are much nearer longipennis. Two from Calama (Rio
Madeira) and Maroins (R. Machados), in coloration of under parts, agree with
longipennis, and differ from Guianan specimens only by slightly duller, less russet
back, wing coverts and quills. A female from "Teodoro River" ( = Rio Roosevelt,
northern Matto Grosso), on the other hand, is an exact duplicate of longipennis,
as far as the upper parts are concerned, but it approaches paraensis by its brighter
ochreous throat and chest, and by having the belly tinged with buffy.

MEASUREMENTS

ADULT MALES WING

One from Marabi tanas (type) 61

One from lower Rio Negro 60

Six from French Guiana 58,59,60,62,62,62

Five from British Guiana 59,60,61,61,63

One from Rio Yuruan, Venezuela 63

Four from Rio Caura, Venezuela 58,60,61,

One from foot of Mt. Duida, Venezuela 61

Three from e. Ecuador (Napo) 59,60,62

One from Puerto Bermudez, Peru 60

One from Teff6, Rio Solimoes 58

One from Borba, Rio Madeira 63

One from Maroins, Rio Machados 57

One from Rio Jurua 59
Two from n. Matto Grosso (Barao Melgago

and Rio Roosevelt) 58,61 ^

TAIL

37

36

35.36,36,38,

38,38^

34X.37.37.

37,39

37

34.36,36,36

37

34.36,36
35
33
36

30 (!)
31

33.34

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 157

Mynnotherula longipennis paraensis (Todd).* PARA ANT WREN.

Myrmopagis paraensis TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 33, 1920, p. 73 (Benevides,
Para, ne. Brazil; descr. o", 9).

Myrmotherula brevicauda (not of SWAINSON) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1867, p. 376 (Capim R. ; o" in Brit. Mus. examined by C. E. H.).

Myrmotherula longipennis (not of PELZELN) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 241 (part; spec, g, Capim River); HELLMAVR, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905,
p. 286 (Igarap6 Assii); idem, 1. c., 13, 1906, p. 369 (S. Antonio do Prata);
SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 285 (R. Capim, Guama; spec,
examined by C. E. H.); HELLMAYR, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak.
Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 46 (Peixe-Boi), 92 (Pard localities); SNETHLAGE,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 285 (part; Para, Providencia, Ananindeua,
Benevides, Sta. Isabel, Castanhal, Peixe-Boi, Ourem, R. Guama; Resacca,
R. Capim, Par£ district).

Myrmotherula menetriesii cinereiventris (not of SCLATER and SALVIN) HELLMAYR,
Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 45 (part;
9 9, No. 1,165, 1,166, Peixe-Boi).

Range: Northeastern Brazil, Para district, from the Tocantins east
to the Guama.

Mynnotherula minor Salvadori.b SALVADORI'S ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula minor SALVADORI, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., 7, 1864, p. 157 (Brazil;
type in Turin Museum examined by C. E. H.; = cT); HELLMAYR, Abhandl.

ADULT FEMALES WING TAIL

One from Rio Negro 57 36

Two from French Guiana 56, 58 35,37

One from British Guiana 57 36

One from Rio Yuruan, Venezuela 59 34

Eight from Rio Caura, Venezuela 57,58,58,58,58, 34,35,35,35,36.

59,60,60 36,37,3?

One from Rio Putumayo, Colombia 59 34

One from Calama, Rip Madeira 58 34

One from Maroins, Rio Machados 57 33

One from n. Matto Grosso (Rio Roosevelt) 57 32
— C. E. H.

» Myrmotherula longipennis paraensis (Toon): Male exceedingly similar to the
typical race, but upper parts paler slate gray; sides of head and under parts much
lighter, almost whitish gray. Female at once recognizable by having the crown,
back, as well as the edges of the quills and tail feathers, brownish olive instead of
russet or cinnamon brown; the upper wing coverts broadly, though rather indistinctly
margined with dingy isabelline; the sides of the head paler ochraceous buff; the entire
under surface ochraceous buff; the inner margin to the remiges whitish instead of
buff. Wing 57-60; tail 31-33; bill 13-14.

The female bears a certain resemblance to that of M. m. cinereiventris, but may
be distinguished by its brownish olive (instead of cinereous) upper and paler, more
ochraceous buff under parts.

Eight specimens from Peixe-Boi, Igarap6-Assu, S. Antonio, Guama and Capim
examined by C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula minor SALVADORI: I have alluded elsewhere (Abhandl. 2. Kl.
Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 665-6) to the variation of the tail markings in the male.

158 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 665 (crit.), 666 (Rio de Janeiro,

S. Paulo, se. Brazil); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 207 (S. Sebastiao,

Ubatuba, S. Paulo; spec, examined by C. E. H.).
Formicivora brevicauda (not of SWAINSON) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, 1857,

p. 131 (Brazil, descr. o", 9 ; excl. hab. "Bahia" ex SWAINSON).
Myrmotherula brevicauda (errore) SCLATER, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 237 (Rio; descr.

d", 9); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 242 (se. Brazil { = Rio], descr.

<?, 9; spec, in Brit. Museum examined); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4,

1900, p. 158 (Cantagallo) ; idem, 1. c., 6, 1905, p. 354 (S. Sebastiao, S. Paulo;

spec, examined by C. E. H.); DUBOIS, Syn. Av., i, 1900, p. 179, pi. 4, fig. 2

(cf), 3(9).
Myrmophila brevicauda (errore) CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 1874, p. 86 (Cantagallo,

Prov. Rio).
Myrmotherula melanogaster (not of SPIX) JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 5, 1902,

p. 275 (S. Sebastiao, S. Paulo; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Coast region of southeastern Brazil, in states of Rio de
Janeiro and Sao Paulo (Sao Sebastiao, Ubatuba, Alto da Serra).a

Myrmotherula iheringi Snethlage.b JHERING'S ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula iheringi SNETHLAGE, Ornith. Monatsber., 22, 1914, p. 41 (Boim,
left bank of lower Tapaj6z, n. Brazil; type in Goeldi Museum examined by
C. E. H.); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 285, 499 (Boim, Villa Braga,
R. Tapaj6z).

Those with rounded rectrices, having a distinct black subterminal band and narrow
white apical margin are no doubt fully adult, while those with pointed, nearly uniform
slate gray rectrices appear to represent an immature stage. There is every gradation
between the two extremes. The female can hardly be confused with any other
species. Pileum ashy, gradually passing into the pale brownish olive of the back;
upper wing coverts dusky brown, indistinctly tipped with olive buff; remiges exte-
riorly edged with olive orrusset brown; rectrices dusky brown, with bright russet edges;
sides of head buffy whitish, variegated with grayish olive on auriculars; throat whit-
ish, slightly fringed with dusky; remainder of under parts bright olive fulvous, deeper
on flanks and tail coverts; axillars, under wing coverts and quill lining bright isa-
belline. Wing (o71) 47-50, (9) 47.K-49; tail 30-32; bill nJ^-12}^. Seventeen
specimens (eight cf cf, one 9 Rio; one o", one 9, Alto da Serra; one o", one 9,
Ubatuba; three c? c?1, one 9 , Sao Sebastiao, Sao Paulo) examined by C. E. H.

• Miss Snethlage (Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 16; Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914,
p. 286) recorded M. minor from Bom Lugar, Rio Purtis. The specimen, an imma-
ture male (with russet brown edges to the greater upper wing coverts) I have care-
fully compared with a good series of M. minor, M. longipennis, the type of M. gar-
bei and a male of M. iheringi, and there can be no question that it has been cor-
rectly referred to the southeast Brazilian species. In coloration, it is an exact
duplicate of M. minor, but has slightly longer wings (51^) an<i a shorter tail (28).
However, the locality appears to be not absolutely certain, and the bird might have
come from the state of Rio de Janeiro instead. — C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula iheringi SNETHLAGE: Male similar to M. minor, but bill much
stronger; upper wing coverts deeper black (without any trace of slate gray edges
along outer web) and with white apical spots rather than edges; axillars and undei
wing coverts pure white; no white edges to secondaries; rectrices uniform slate
gray, sometimes with a hardly perceptible whitish fringe at their tips. Female (from
Teodoro River =Rio Roosevelt) not unlike M. minor in general coloration; but above
pale slate gray (rather lighter than the male); upper wing coverts black with

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 159

Myrmotherula garbei ? (not of JEERING) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 383
(Humaytha, Rio Madeira); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 350 (same locality);
SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 511 (Villa Braga, R. Tapaj6z);
idem, Orn. Monatsber., 20, 1912, p. 155 (Boim, R. Tapaj6z; note on 9).

Range: Northern Brazil, from the Rio Tapaj6z (Villa Braga and
Boim on the left bank) to the Rio Madeira (Humaytha), ranging south
to northern Matto Grosso (Barao Melgago, Rio Roosevelt)."

Mynnotherula garbei Jhering.b GARBE'S ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula garbei JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 441 pi. 15, fig. i
(Rio Jurua, w. Brazil; type in Museu Paulista examined by C. E. H.); idem,
Cat. Faun. Braz., I, 1907, p. 209 (Rio Jurua).

Range: Western Brazil (Rio Jurua).

Myrmotherula unicolor (Menetries).* PLAIN-COLORED ANT WREN.

Myrmothera unicolor MENETRIES, M6m. Ac. Sci. St. Pfitersb., (6th ser.), 3, Part 2,
(Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 480, pi. 2, fig. i (no definite locality given; the type is,
no doubt, from Rio de Janeiro; see CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Zool. Mus. Polon.
Hist. Nat., i, 1921, p. 22).

Formicivora unicolor BURMEISTER, Syst. tJbers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 77 (descr.
o* ex MENETRIES).

large, buff apical spots; edges to remiges and tail feathers grayish or brownish olive
(instead of russet); under parts much paler buff (instead of fulvous). Wing (three
o" c?) 50, (one 9) 50; tail 27-29, bill 12-13.

In spite of its close resemblance in the male sex, M. iheringi appears to be but
distantly related to M. I. longipennis, which is also found in the same section of
Amazonia. Compared with a number of adult males from the Rio Madeira and Rio
Roosevelt, three males of M. iheringi are easily distinguishable by their much smaller
size, pure white (instead of slate gray) axillaries and under wing coverts, deep black
upper wing coverts (without slate gray edges along outer web), and by lacking the
distinct white terminal margin on the tail feathers. The females are totally
different.— C. E. H.

• An adult male from Humaytha is practically identical with a topotype from
the Tapaj6z, while one from Barao Melgaco, n. Matto Grosso, is somewhat
darker plumbeous with the black area beneath more extended.— C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula garbei JHERING: This little known species, of which I have seen
only the male type, is closely related to M. iheringi. It is, however, somewhat larger
(wing, 55; tail, 30); the upper tail coverts are conspicuously tipped with black
(instead of being uniform slate gray); the black below is much more extensive,
covering the entire chest; the rectrices are conspicuously tipped with white. More
material is extremely desirable. — C. E. H.

• Myrmotherula unicolor (MENETRIES) : Male easily recognizable, among the slate
gray species with black gular patch, by the uniform upper wing coverts without any
white markings. The female somewhat resembles that of M . minor, but is of a brighter,
more fulvous brown above, with the pileum and hindneck more olivaceous (less
grayish); the throat more purely white, without dusky vermiculations, the breast
much paler, olive buff, the flanks and under tail coverts lighter fulvous; besides,
the tail is considerably longer. Wing (five cfo") 49-51, (four 99) 47-49; tail 34-
36.K; bill 12-13. Eleven specimens (one o", two 9 9, Rio de Janeiro, one o", two

9 9 , two juv. Ubatuba, one o" Iguapfi, two o" o" Blumenau, Santa Catharina)
examined by C. E. H.

160 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Myrmotherula unicolor PELZELN, Orn. Bras., a, Sept. 1868, p. 82 (Registo do
Sai, Prov. Rio; spec, examined by C. E. H.); BERLEPSCH and LEVERKUHN,
Ornis, 6, 1890, p. 26 in text (Santa Catharina; the specimen, examined by
C. E. H. in Berlepsch Collection, is from Blumenau); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 243 (se. Brazil; descr. o"); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 5,
1902, p. 276 (Iguap6, S. Paulo; spec, examined by C. E. H.); idem, Cat. P.
Braz., i, 1907, p. 208 (Iguap6, Ubatuba, S. Paulo; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, in states of Rio de Janeiro (Registo
do Sai), Sao Paulo (Iguape, Ubatuba) and Santa Catharina (Blumenau).

Myrmotherula behni behni Berlepsch and Leverkuhn* BERN'S ANT
WREN.

Myrmotherula behni BERLEPSCH and LEVERKUHN, Ornis, 6, Jan. 1890, p. 25,
pi. i, fig. 2 (part; type from "Bogota," now in Berlin Museum examined
by C. E. H.).

Myrmotherula inornata SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 243 (part;
Bogota).

Range: Colombia (only known from "Bogota" collections).

Myrmotherula behni inornata Sdater* GUIANA ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula inornata SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 243 (part;

Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Roraima, Brit. Guiana; we designate Roraima

as type locality).
Myrmotherula behni BERLEPSCH and LEVERKUHN, Ornis, 6, 1890, p. 25 (part;

Roraima).
Myrmophila behni (not of BERLEPSCH and LEVERKUHN) CHUBB, Birds Brit.

Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 33 (Supenaam River, Bartica, Makauria R., Roraima,

Camacusa).

Range: British Guiana.
Myrmotherula urosticta (Sclater) .° BAHIA ANT WREN.

(??) Formicivora brevicauda SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., 2, No. 6, July 1825, p. 148

• Myrmotherula behni behni BERL. and LEVERK. : Similar to M. unicolor, to
which it may prove to be subspecifically related, but larger with much stronger
bill; male much deeper plumbeous with the black gular patch extended over the fore-
neck and not concealed by slate gray edges, and grayish (not pure white) under
wing coverts; female much darker, olivaceous brown below, the throat only being
whitish. Wing (three jfd1) 54-54^, (one 9) 53#; tail 29-31; bill 13^-14. Four
"Bogota" skins, including the type, examined by C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula behni inornata SCLATER: Differs from M. b. behni in larger size,
the tail being particularly longer, and darker plumbeous coloration of the male, with
more black on foreneck. Wing (three cfo") 56^-58, (one 9) 56; tail 36-38; bill
13^2-14. Four specimens from Roraima examined by C. E. H.

0 Myrmotherula urosticta (SCLATER) : The female may be easily distinguished
from that of M. axillaris luctuosa, found in the same districts of Brazil, by shorter
tail, smaller bill, clear cinereous upper parts, much more conspicuous, dingy white

1924- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 161

(Humildez, Bahia; descr. o"; type lost, formerly in Coll. W. Swainson').
Formicivora urosticta SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, 1857, p. 130, pi. 126, fig. i

("in Brasilia orientali"; descr. o" ad.).
Myrmotherula urosticta SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 238 (Brazil; descr.

o"); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 242 (Bahia; descr. cf); HARTERT,

Kat. Samml. Mus. Senckenb. Ges., 1891, p. in, note 202 (Brazil = Bahia;

spec, in Mus. Frankfurt examined by C. E. H.; descr. 9); HELLMAYR,

Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 664, 666 (Bahia; descr.

d", 9 ); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 207 (Pao Gigante, Espirito Santo);

LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12 (2), 1921, p. 99 (Ilh6os-Belmonte, s. Bahia).
Myiothera fuliginosa LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., 1823, p. 45

No. 483 (part; Brazil; spec, examined by C. E. H.).
Myrmotherula luctuosa (nee PELZELN) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p .82,

i53 (part; 9, Bahia; spec, in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, in states of Bahia and Espirito Santo.

*Myrmotherula menetriesii cinereiventris Sclater and Salvin. GRAY-
THROATED ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula cinereiventris SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., "1867," publ.
1868, p. 756 (part; descr. d"; Cayenne, Surinam; type locality is Cayenne;
see SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 244); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 426
(Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Brit. Guiana); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 244 (part; spec, a-f, Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Brit. Guiana;
Cayenne, Surinam); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905, p. 286 (Igarapfi-
Assu, Para); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 285 (Para, S. Antonio);
BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 156 (Ipousin, R. Approuague, French
Guiana); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 61, 1913, p. 528 (ecology); idem,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 286 (part; Para [Providencia, S. Antonio],
R. Guama, R. Tocantins; Rio Curud; Rio Jamauchim; Obidos, Rio Jary).

Myrmotherula cinereiventris cinereiventris HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906,
p. 368 (S. Antonio do Prata, Para); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull.,
2, 1916, p. 284 (La Union, Mato River, Caura R.).

Myrmotherula menetriesii cinereiventris HELLMAYR, Abhandl. math, naturw. Kl.
Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 45 (part; d"d\ No. 1,165-66, Peixe-Boi,
Para; Alcobaca, R. Tocantins), 92 (Para localities).

Myrmotherula cinereiventris pattida BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9,
1902, p. 74 (part; Suapure, La Pricion, La Union, Nicare, Caura R.).

apical spots to the larger wing coverts, paler buff under surface with whitish throat
and cinereous flanks, distinct whitish terminal margins to the rectrices, etc. The male
is altogether different, being more like M . menetriesi berlepschi in general coloration,
but at once recognizable by the long white tips to the lateral rectrices. Wing (four
o" o") 50-54, (two 99) 50-51; tail 30-34; bill 12-13. Seven specimens from Bahia
examined by C. E. H.

• Swainson's description cannot be identified with any degree of certainty.
At any event it does not apply to M . minor to which it had been referred by authors,
the latter species not being found in the State of Bahia.— C. E. H.

162 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Myrmotherula berlepschi (not of HELLMAYR) SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56,
1908, p. 532 (Alcobaca, R. Tocantins; spec, examined by C. E. H.); idem,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 285 (part; Alcobaga, R. Tocantins).

Poliolaema cinereiventris CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 35 (Brit. Guiana).

Range: The Guianas; eastern Venezuela (Caura Valley); northern
Brazil, on the north bank of the Amazon from the Jary to Obidos,
south of that river from Maranhao to the right bank of the Tapaj6z
(Rio Jamauchim).*

3: Brazil (Tury-assu, Maranhao 3).

Myrmotherula menetriesii pallida Berlepsch and Hartert.b WESTERN
GRAY-THROATED ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula cinereiventris pallida BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9,
1902, p. 74 (part; Munduapo, Nericagua [type], Bichaco, Maipures, Capuano,
R. Orinoco, Venezuela); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916,
p. 284 (upper Orinoco, from near the mouth of the Meta River upwards,
foot of Mt. Duida).

Myrmopagis cinereiventris pallida CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,
I91?! P- 376 (La Morelia, se. Colombia).

Myrmotherula cinereiventris (not of SCLATER and SAL VIM) PELZELN, Orn. Bras.,
2, 1868, p. 8 1 (Marabitanas, upper Rio Negro; spec, in Vienna Museum exam-
ined by C. E. H.); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 750 (Chya-
vetas, n. Peru), 756 (part, descr. 9 ; Rio Napo, Chyavetas, e. Peru), 978
(Pebas); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 274 (part; Chyavetas, Pebas; spec, in Brit. Mus.
examined by C. E. H.); TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 30 (Yuri-
maguas); idem, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 43 (descr. o", 9 ; hab. part; Yuri-
maguas, Chyavetas, Pebas); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890 p. 244
(part; spec, i-v, Pebas, Iquitos, Chyavetas, n. Peru; Sarayacu, Rio Napo,
e. Ecuador).

Myrmotherula longipennis (not of PELZELN) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 241 (part; spec, o, "Bogota," examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Southern Venezuela (Orinoco Valley, from the mouth of the
Meta River upwards); eastern Colombia (Caquetd-Putumayo region,
also found in "Bogota" collections); eastern Ecuador; northwestern

•Twenty-six specimens (British Guiana 6, French Guiana r, Para district 8,
Rio Tocantins i, Caura River 10) examined. Birds from the Para district appear
to be inseparable from cinereiventris, although some of the females are remarkably
dark ochraceous underneath. A series from the Caura River, e. Venezuela, are, no
doubt, referable to the Guianan race and not to pallida, with which they had been
associated by Berlepsch and Hartert. An adult male with a small black spot on
lower throat from Alcobaca, Rio Tocantins, determined by Miss Snethlage as
M. berlepschi is certainly but an individual aberration, disclosing the near relation
to the black-throated races. Similarly marked specimens also occur in ne. Peru
where the ranges of pallida and menetriesii meet.— -C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula menetriesii pallida BERL. and HART.: Male similar to M. m.
cinereiventris in having the throat gray like the breast, but general color, especially
below, decidedly paler slate gray with more white on the under tail coverts; female
with upper parts generally grayish rather than brownish olive.

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 163

Brazil (Marabitanas, on the upper Rio Negro) and the most northerly
parts of Peru in Dept. Loreto (north bank of Maranon, on the south
bank only west of the Huallaga (Yurimaguas, Chyavetas.)'

Myrmotherula menetriesii menetriesii (D'0rbigny).b MENETRIES'S
ANT WREN.

Myrmothera menetriesii D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Am6r. me'rid., Ois., Oct. 1838, p. 184

(Yuracares, n. Bolivia; type in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H. ; = o" ad.).
Myrmotherula menetriesi SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, 1858, p. 237 (part; Bolivia;

Chamicuros, e. Peru); HELLMAYR, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 53, 1903,

p. 210 (Yuracares, San Mateo, n. Bolivia); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR,

Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 51 (Yuracares [type]; ne. Peru;

crit.); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 208 (Rio Jurua); SNETHLAGE,

Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 16 (Bom Lugar, Ponte Alegre, Rio Verde, R. Purus;

spec, examined by C. E. H.); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 284 (same

localities).
Myrmotherula menetriesii HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 69 (Teffe', Rio

Solimoes).
Myrmotherula menetriesii menetriesii HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 351

(synon.; range); idem, Arch. £. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 98 (Yahuar-

mayo, Rio Inambari, n. Puno, se. Peru), 99 (range); idem, Nov. Zool., 28,

1921, p. 206 (Yuracares, Bolivia; crit.).
Myrmotherula boliviano BERLEPSCH, Journ. Ornith., 49, 1901, p. 96 (San Mateo,

n. Bolivia; types in Coll. Berlepsch examined by C. E. H.; descr. o", 9 ).
Myrmotherula brevicauda juruana JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 440

(Rio Jurua; type in Mus. Paul, examined by C. E. H.; descr. o").
Myrmotherula longipennis (not of PELZELN) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,

1890, p. 241 (part; spec, p, q, Rio Javarri, Chamicuros, e. Peru; spec, in

Brit. Mus. examined by C. E H.).
Myrmotherula sp. ?, TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 53° (Monterico,

ne. Ayacucho; two 99).
Myrmotherula cinereiventris (not of SCLATER and SALVIN) TACZANOWSKI, Orn.

P6r., 2, 1884, p. 43 (part; Chamicuros, Monterico).

Range: Northern Bolivia (Yuracares, Rio San Mateo); eastern
Peru (Yahuarmayo, Rio Inambari, northern Puno; Monterico, east of

» Twenty-five specimens examined. Birds from e. Ecuador (4 from Sara-
yacu), Colombia (three o"d", one 9 "Bogota", i Cuembi, Rio Putumayo) and
Peru ( i Pebas, i Iquitos, i Rio Tigr6, Rio Maranon ;2 Chyavetas) agree in coloration with
the pale race described from the upper Orinoco (4 from Nericagua, the type local-
ity, 6 from the foot of Mt. Duida), to which a couple from Marabitanas, Rio Negro,
also belongs. One male each from "Bogota" and Chyavetas have a small black spot
on middle of foreneck, thus pointing to the black-throated menetriesii which takes
its place east of the Huallaga and on the south bank of the Rio Solimoes. — C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula menetriesii menetriesii (D'ORBIG.): Male differs from M. m.
pallida by having a varying amount of black along the middle of throat and
foreneck ; female not certainly distinguishable, but upper parts generally more purely
cinereous, without or with very little olive tinge. Wing (d") 51-56, (9) 5O-54I
tail 26-31; bill 13^-14. Sixteen d"o", nine 9 9 examined by C. E. H.

1 64 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Huanta, northeastern Ayacucho), west to the Huallaga; western Brazil
(Rio Purvis; Rio Jurua; Teffe", Rio Solimoes; Rio Javarri).4

Myrmotherula menetriesii berlepschi Hellmayr.b BERLEPSCH'S ANT
WREN.

Myrmotherula berlepschi HELLMAYR, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 53, 1903, p. 211
(Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira; descr. o\ 9); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56,
1908, p. 512 (Villa Braga, R. Tapaj6z; spec, examined by C. E. H.); idem,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 285 (part; Villa Braga).

Myrmotherula menetriesii berlepschi HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 350
(Calama, Rio Madeira; Maroins, Rio Machados; crit.), 351 (range).

Myrmotherula menetriesii (not of D'ORBIGNY) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., a, Sept.
1868, p. 82 (Salto do Girao, Ribeirao, Rio Madeira).

Myrmotherula cinereiventris (not of SCLATER and SALVIN) HELLMAYR, Nov.
Zool., 14, 1907, p. 384 (Borba, Rio Madeira); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 351
(Borba); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 285 (part; Villa Braga).

Range: Northern Brazil, from the upper Rio Madeira and its
affluents (Rio Machados and Rio Roosevelt) east to the Tapaj6z (Villa
Braga, left bank).8

» There does not appear to be any constant difference between Brazilian, Boliv-
ian and Peruvian examples. While the black gular patch in the male is, as a rule,
well developed, occasionally specimens with only a small black spot in the middle
of the foreneck may be found, which are almost indistinguishable from M. m.
Pallida. An adult male from Chamicuros, east of the Huallaga, n. Peru, is an extreme
black-throated example, whereas specimens from Yurimaguas and Chyavetas,
west of the Huallaga, and from the north bank of the Maranon, represent the gray-
throated race pallida. It would thus appear that the valleys of the Marafion and
Huallaga separate the ranges of pallida and menetriesii. — C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula menetriesii berlepschi HELLMAYR: Differs from M. m. mene-
triesii by the clearer cinereous (less bluish) coloration, especially below; paler, more
whitish gray sides of the head, and by the very distinct black subapical band on the
rectrices which is frequently, though not always, absent or barely indicated in the
typical race. Female readily distinguished by having the upper wing coverts mainly
bright cinnamon brown (instead of dull grayish with obsolete buffy olive edges),
the outer web of the quills cinnamon instead of olive gray, and the tail feathers
warm brown, edged with russet (not uniform grayish olive) ; besides, crown and back
are more or less cinnamon brown (instead of grayish olive), and the under parts
deeper ochraceous. Wing (four 0*0") 52-55, (six 99) 53-56; tail 26-30; bill
13^-14.— C. E. H.

e Four females from Villa Braga, left bank of Rip Tapaj6z, are even brighter
cinnamon brown above than those from the Rio Madeira, while by their paler under
parts they form the transition to M. m. cinereiventris, the eastern representative.
A male from Borba, lower Rio Madeira, is difficult to place. It is almost as dark
bluish gray as cinereiventris and has only a few tiny black dots on the lower throat.
Additional material may show the birds from the lower Rio Madeira and Tapaj6z
to constitute a separable race, intermediate between cinereiventris and berlepschi. —
C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 165

Myrmotherula assimilis Pelzeln.* WHITE-BACKED ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula assimilis PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 81, 152 (types from
Rio Amajau, an affluent of the Rio Negro below Barcellos, in Vienna Museum
examined by C. E. H.; Poiares, Rio Negro; Borba, Rio Madeira); HELL-
MAYR, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 53, 1903, p. 212 (crit.; characters of <?
and 9); JHERING, Cat F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 208 (Santarem; Rio Jurua; spec,
examined by C. E. H.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 384 (Humaytha,
Rio Madeira; characters, range); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 352 (Calama, Mar-
mellos, R. Madeira); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orm'th., 61, 1913, p. 528 (Rio
Jamunda); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 286 (Far6, Rio Jamunda).

Myrmotherula cinereiventris (not of SCLATER and SALVIN) SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 244 (part; spec, g, h, Rio Negro [ = Poiares], Borba,
Rio Madeira; spec, in Brit. Mus. examined by C. E. H.); CHAPMAN and
RIKER, Auk, 8, 1891, p. 29 (Santarem); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905,
p. 441 (Rio Jurud, Santarem; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Northern Brazil (Poiares, Rio Amajau, Rio Negro; Far6,
Rio Jamunda, Santarem, Rio Tapajoz; Borba, Humaytha, Calama,
Marmellos, Rio Madeira; Rio Jurua) and northeastern Peru (Nauta,
north bank of the Marafion).

Genus DICHROZONA Ridgway.

Dichrozona RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 10, 1888, p. 524 (type by original desig-
nation Dichrozona zononota RIDGWAY = Cyphorhinus (Microcerculus) cinctus
PELZELN).

Dichrozona cincta (Pelzeln). BANDED ANTCATCHER.

Cyphorhinus (Microcerculus) cinctus PELZELN, Orn. Bras., I, 1868, p. 47, 65 (Sao
Joaquim, at junction of Rio Uaup6s and Rio Negrob; Borba, Rio Madeira;
spec, in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Hypocnemis stettata SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1880, p. 160 (Sarayacu,
e. Ecuador; types in British Museum examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER,

• Myrmotherula assimilis PELZELN: Superficially resembling M. m. cinereiventris,
and like this species without any black on the lower parts, but immediately recog-
nizable by the presence, in both sexes, of a large, concealed white dorsal patch.
Besides, the male has the upper wing coverts light plumbeous with narrow white apical
margins to the median and greater series, while in M. c. cinereiventris and allies the
lesser and median coverts are black, tipped with white, the greater ones clear ciner-
eous with a white tip, preceded on the outer web by a distinct black subapical spot.
The female may be also distinguished by its pure cinereous dorsal surface (without
any olive tinge) and by the median and greater upper wing coverts being distinctly
edged with clear buff. Wing 51-54; tail 27-31 ; bill 13-14.

Twenty-one specimens (5 Rio Negro, 2 Santarem, 10 Rio Madeira, 4 Nauta,
ne. Peru) examined. — C. E. H.

b We designate as type: Vienna Museum No. 16,350, adult male, S. Joaquim,
Rip Negro, July 28, 1831, J. Natterer Coll., upon which the latin diagnosis was
evidently based, since the apical spots to the lesser wing coverts are described as
white, which applies only to the S. Joaquim bird, while they are buff in the Borba
female.— C. E. H.

1 66 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 293 (Sarayacu); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13,

1906, p. 348 (crit.; -C. cinctus).
Dichrozona zononota RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 10, 1888, p. 524 (Diamantina,

near Santarem, Rio Tapaj6z).

Dichrozona zonota RIKER and CHAPMAN, Auk, 8, 1891, p. 29 (Diamantina).
Dichrozona cincta HELLMAYR, Journ. Ornith., 51, 1903, p. 536 (crit.; synon.,

range); SNETHLAGE, 1. c., 56, 1908, p. 17 (Cachoeira, Rio Punis; 9 examined

by C. E. H.); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 218 (Rio Jurua); HELLMAYR,

Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 361 (Borba; range); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi,

8, 1914, p. 293 (Rio Punis).
Dichrozona cinctus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 386

(Florencia, La Morelia, se. Colombia).
Microcerculus cinctus JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 431 (Rio Jurua);

SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 487 (ex PELZELN).

Range: Southeastern Colombia (Florencia, La Morelia, Caqueta"
region); eastern Ecuador (Sarayacu); northwestern and northern
Brazil (Sao Joaquim, upper Rio Negro ; Rio Jurud, Rio Punis ; Borba,
Rio Madeira; Diamantina, near Santarem, R. Tapajoz); northern
Bolivia (San Ernesto,8 68° w., 15° s., alt. 1,000 metr., upper Beni).b

Genus MELANOPAREIA Reichenbach.

Melanopareia REICHENBACH, Hanb. Spec. Ornith., Scansoriae (Sittinae), 1853,
p. 164 (type by subs, desig., Gray, 1855, Synallaxis Maximilian* D'ORBIGNY).

Rhoporchilus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, 1909, p. 69 (type Formici-
vora speciosa SALVIN).

Melanopareia torquata torquata (Wied). PIED ANTBIRD.

Synallaxis torquata WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831, p. 697 ("Campo
Geral des inneren Brasilien," sc. the campo district on the confines of the
Prov. Bahia and Minas GeraSs, e. Brazil; types lost, see ALLEN, Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 244); REISER, Denkschr. math.-naturw. Kl.
Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, 1910, p. 69 (Oro, on the way from S. Antonio to S. Philo-
mena, Serra of Philomena, s. Piauhy; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Melanopareia torquata BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 37
(part; WIED'S reference).

Melanopareia torquata torquata HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 267 (crit.;
ne. Brazil, in states of Bahia and Piauhy).

Range: Northeastern Brazil, in states of Bahia and Piauhy.0

a An adult female obtained by P. O. Simons on Sept. 7, 1899, in the British
Museum examined by C. E. H.

b Birds from Ecuador are exactly like the type from S§o Joaquim, while those
from south of the Amazon (Borba, Rio Punis, San Ernesto) are somewhat lighter
above.— C. E. H.

0 I cannot imagine what Rhoporchilus torquatus (BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, i,
I9°7» P 132) from Bartica Grove, British Guiana, may possibly be.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 167

Melanopareia torquata rufescens Hellmayr, subsp. now SOUTHERN
PIED ANTBIRD.

Synallaxis torquata (not of WIED) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, 1868, p. 36 (Cimeterio
do Lambari, Irisanga, Paciencia, Prov. Sao Paulo; spec, in Vienna Museum
examined by C. E. H.); REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren.,
1870, p. 385 (Lagoa Santa; Lages, near Santa Anna dos Alegres, w. Minas
Geraes); SCI.ATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- *7 (part; Sao Paulo, Lagoa Santa);
idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 56 (Lagoa Santa, Minas; spec, exam-
ined by C. E. H.); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, 5, 1893, p. 112
(Chapada, Matto Grosso); JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 234
(Rincao, Batataes, Sao Paulo); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 60 (Faz.
Esperanca, Goyaz; crit.)-

Melanoparaeia torquata bitorquata (not of LAFRESNAVE and D'ORBIGNY)
HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 266, 267 (part; Brazil in states of Minas
Geraes, Sao Paulo, Goyaz and Matto Grosso).

Range: Interior of Brazil, in states of Minas Geraes (Lagoa Santa,
Santa Anna dos Alegres), Sao Paulo, Goyaz, and Matto Grosso.

Melanopareia torquata bitorquata (Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny)*. WEST-
ERN PIED ANTBIRD.

Synallaxis bitorquata LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool.,
7, cl. 2, 1837, p. 24 (Chiquitos, e. Bolivia; type now in Mus. Comp. Zool.,
Cambridge, examined by C. E. H.).

^Melanopareia torquata rufescens HELLMAYR, subsp. nov.: Similar to M. t. tor-
quata in having the back, upper tail coverts, wings and tail bright russet, but with
upper part of the head rufous brown (between "russet" and "mars brown") instead
of grayish brown. Wing 50-55; tail 60-66; bill 11-13. Type in Vienna Museum:
No. 20188 o" ad., Irisanga, Prov. S5o Paulo, Brazil, February 21, 1823. J. Nat-
terer Coll.

This form which, in the absence of Bolivian material, was united to M. t. bitor-
quata in my revision of D'Orbigny's collections, proves to be quite distinct on com-
parison of D'Orbigny's type and other examples from the same region. Three
adult males, two females from Prov. Sao Paulo (Irisanga, Ytarar6), one pair from
Goyaz (Faz. Esperanca), one adult from Minas Geraes (Lagoa Santa) and two
adult males from Matto Grosso (Chapada, Rio do Calor) have been examined.
One of the Matto Grosso examples (American Museum Nat. Hist. No. 127647
cf ad., Rio do Calor) approaches M. t. bitorquata in coloration of crown, though
in no other respect.— -C. E. H.

*> Melanopareia torquata bitorquata (LAFR. and D'ORB.): Differs very decidedly
from the Brazilian races by having the pileum, back, wings and upper tail coverts
between "light brownish olive" and "brownish olive" instead of russet; the tail
dusky brown, not russet; the throat deeper ochraceous; the chest (immediately
below the white and black gular crescent), sides and under tail coverts darker,
more ochraceous tawny, the middle of the belly alone being warm buff as in tor-
quata and rufescens. Besides, the cinnamon-rufous nuchal collar is preceded by a
narrow zone of black feathers, centrally striped with white. Wing 56-57; tail
65-72; bill 1 2#-i 3.

In coloration of upper parts and tail, this form more nearly resembles M. m. max-
imiliani and M. m. argentina, approaching the latter also by its darker under sur-
face, but it is of course easily separable from either by the wide cinnamon-rufous
collar round the hindneck. In addition to the type, I have examined a second adult

i68 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Synallaxis torquata (not of WIED) D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. merid., Ois., 1844,

p. 248, pi. 15, fig. 2 (Mission de Conception, Chiquitos); SCLATER, P. Z. S.

Lond., 1874, p. 17 (part; Chiquitos, Bolivia).
Melanopareia torquata BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 37 (part;

d'Orbigny's references).
Mdanopareia torquata HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 266 (part; Chiquitos,

e. Bolivia).

Range: Eastern Bolivia (Chiquitos district).

Melanopareia maximiliani maximiliani (D'Orbigny).* BOLIVIAN PIED
ANTBIRD.

Synallaxis maximiliani D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. m6rid., Ois., 1844, p. 247, pi. 15,
fig. i (new name for Synallaxis torquata LAFR. and D'ORB., not of WIED;
Mt. Biscachal, near Carcuata, Yungas, Bolivia; type in Paris Museum exam-
ined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 56 (Bolivia);
MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. d'Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, 1906, p. 74
(part; Yungas).

Synallaxis torquata (not of WIED) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in
Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, 1837, p. 25 (Carcuata, Bolivia; descr. o" ad.).

Melanopareia maximiliani BURMEISTER, Syst. tJbers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 37
(Yungas; ex D'ORBIGNY).

Range: Western Yungas of Bolivia (Carcuata, Chulumani, Tan-
ampaya).b

*Melanopareia maximiliani argentina (Hellmayr).0 ARGENTINE PIED
ANTBIRD.

Synallaxis maximiliani argentina HELLMAYR, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 19, 1907,
p. 74 (Norco, Tucuman, nw. Argentina); HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool.,
16, 1909, p. 211 (Tucuman, Norco; Mocovi, Chaco); DABBENE, Anal. Mus.
Nac. B. Aires, 18, 1910, p. 430 (crit.; Cordova).

Synallaxis maximiliani (not of D'ORBIGNY) KERR, Ibis, 1892, p. 131 (Fortin
Page, lower Pilcomayo); LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, 1902,
p. 190 (Rio Sali, Prov. Tucuman); idem, Revista letr. y cienc. soc. Tucuman
3, No. 13, 1905, p. 52 (same locality); BAER, Ornis, 12, 1904, p. 223 (Rio Sali,

bird from Rio Quiser, n. Chiquitos, secured by Jos6 Steinbach, in the Museum of
Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, and have seen others from the same source in
the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. — C. E. H.

• M. maximiliani may be distinguished from M. torquata by lacking the rufous
collar across the hind neck, and its much darker under parts. — C. E. H.

b Four specimens, including the type, from Yungas examined by C. E. H.

0 Melanopareia maximiliani argentina (HELLMAYR): Differs from M. m. maxi-
miliani in its considerably paler coloration; the upper parts being of a clearer, more
grayish olive; the breast and abdomen much lighter tawny ochraceous, darkening
to deep tawny only on sides and that portion of the chest immediately adjoining
the black jugular band (while in the typical race the whole under surface below the
latter is uniform chestnut rufous); the throat darker buff. Wing (ten specimens)
52-54K; tail 71-77; bill 10-11. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 169

Tucuman) ; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. d'Hist. Nat. Autun, 19,
1906, p. 74 (part; Tapia, Tucuman); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires,
18, 1910, p. 295 (Movoci, Chaco; Tucuman; Sierra de Cordoba).
Afelanopareia maximiliani argentina HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 268,
in text (crit.; range).

Range : Western Argentina, in provs. Santa Fe (Mocovi, near Ocampo)
and Cordova, Terr, del Formosa (lower Pilcomayo) and Prov. Tucuman
(Rio Sali, ftorco, Tapia).

i: Argentina (Tucuman).

Melanopareia elegans (Lesson).* ECUADORIAN PIED ANTBIRD.

Synallaxis elegans LESSON, Echo du Monde Savant, n, No. 13, Aug. 15, 1844,
P- 303 ("Colombia, propter Gayaquil" = Guayaquil, sw. Ecuador); idem,
Oeuvres de Buffon, ed. LeV£que, 20 (Descr. Mammif. et Ois.), 1847, p. 289
(Guayaquil).

Synallaxis elegans elegans HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 334, 335 (Guaya-
quil, Balzar, w. Ecuador; Paucal, Trujillo, Tembladera, Otuzco, w. Peru).

Formicivora speciosa SALVIN, Ibis, (3d sen), 6, 1876, p. 494 (Puna Isl., w. Ecua-
dor; types in British Museum examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 251 (Puna Isl., Balzar, w. Ecuador); BARON, Nov. Zool.,
4, 1897, pi. i, fig. 3 (o" ex w. Peru).

Synallaxis elegans speciosa HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 335 (Puna Isl.).

Synallaxis paucalensis TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 131 (Paucal,
west slope of w. Andes, Dept. Cajamarca); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 57 (ex TACZANOWSKI).

Synallaxis subspeciosa SALVADOR: and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362,
I899, p. 21 (Balzar, w. Ecuador; descr. 9).

Range: Western Ecuador, in provs. Manavi (Chone), Guayas
(including Puna Island) and El Oro; western Peru, in depts. of Piura,
Cajamarca and Libertad, on the west slope of the western Andes, up
to about 4,500 feet.b

a Melanopareia elegans (LESSON) : Nearest to M . m. maximiliani, but differs by
much shorter tail, the absence of the white interscapular spot; by the black (instead
of grayish olivaceous) pileum; by having the outer web and tip of the outermost
rectrix whitish gray, the outer web of the greater upper wing coverts and conspicu-
ous edges to the tertials bright cinnamon rufous, and by other minor characters.

b This species is probably divisible into several local races which, however, I am
unable to properly characterize at present. Birds from Puna Island are palest in
coloration, though most of the characters I relied upon in my paper prove to be
variable in the light of the material recently received by the American Museum,
as I am informed by F. M. Chapman (in litt.) who, besides, points out that females
from Chone (Manavi) are not separable from others obtained on Puna Island.
Chapman thinks that the Peruvian birds may be separable on account of the paler
crown in the female, "which is slightly, if at all, darker than the back, while it is
decidedly black in those from Puna and Manavi." As a matter of fact, however,
four females from Platanar (west of Otuzco) and Trujillo seen by me have the pileum
sooty black, slightly tinged with grayish olive, and not appreciably different from a
Balzar specimen. More material is necessary to settle the question. — C. E. H.

1 70 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Genus MYRMORCHILUS Ridgway.

Myrmorchilus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, 1909, p. 69 (type Myio-
thera strigilata WIED).

*Myrmorchilus strigilatus strigilatus (Wied). BLACK-THROATED ANT-
BIRD.

Myiothera strigilata WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831, p. 1064 (Prov.
Bahia; descr. o", 9).

Formicivora strigilata MENETRIES, M6m. Ac. Sci. St. Petersb., (6th ser.), 3,
Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 493 (ex WIED); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26,
1858, p. 242 (se. Brazil); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 84, note 2 (Bahia);
SCLATER and SALVIN, Exotic Ornith., 1869, p. 159, pi. 80 (o", 9 ; Bahia);
ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 254 (.Wied's types); SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 251 (Bahia); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i,
1907, p. 210 (part; Bahia); REISER, Denkschr. math.-naturw. Kl. Akad.
Wiss. Wien, 76, 1910, p. 66 (Barra do Rio Grande, Faz. da Serra, Bahia;
Paniagua, s. Piauhy; spec, in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Campos region of eastern Brazil, in states of Bahia, Ceara
and Piauhy. a

2: Brazil (Jua, near Iguatu, Ceard).

Myrmorchilus strigilatus suspicax Wetmore.b WESTERN BLACK-THROATED
ANTBIRD.

Myrmorchilus strigilatus suspicax WETMORE, Journ. Wash. Ac. Sci., 12, No. 14,
Aug. 1922, p. 327 (Riacho Pilaga, near Kilometro 182 [Ferro-carril del
Estado], Gob. del Formosa, Argentina [type]; Rio Vermejo; type in U. S.
National Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Formicivora strigilata (not of WIED) SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 12, No. 292,
1897, p. 22 (San Lorenzo, Jujuy; spec, examined by C. E. H.); idem, 1. c.,
15, No. 378, 1900, p. 9 (Urucum, Matto Grosso); KERR, Ibis, 1901, p. 227
(Waikthlatingmayalwa, Paraguayan Chaco) ; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B.
Aires, 18, 1910, p. 285 (San Lorenzo, Jujuy).

Range: Southwestern Matto Grosso (Urucum, near Corumba);
western Paraguay (Chaco), and northern Argentina (Terr, del Formosa,
Rio Vermejo, and Jujuy).0

• Eight specimens (2 LamarSo, near City of Bahia ,3 Rio Grande, nw. Bahia,
i Parnagua, Piauhy, 2 Ceard) examined by C. E. H.

b Myrmorchilus strigilatus suspicax WETMORE: Male differs from the typical race
in lacking the blackish suffusion on the forehead; in having the auriculars light
russet instead of blackish brown; the superciliary stripe decidedly buff (instead of
white) and much narrower in its postocular portion; the upper parts conspicuously
duller, less rufous, and the flanks on average slightly deeper ochraceous buff. Female
only distinguishable by duller, less rufous upper parts, and generally paler buff colora-
tion of foreneck and breast. Wing (cf) 67-69, ( 9 ) 65-68; tail 57-64; bill 16-18.

0 Two adult males from Urucum (Matto Grosso) agree, except for more buffy white
superciliaries, with three from the type locality. One has the buff area on the flanks

1924- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 171

Genus HERPSILOCHMUS Cabanis.

Herpsilochmus CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13, (i), 1847, p. 224 (type by subs.

desig., Gray, 1855, Myiothera pileata LICHTENSTEIN).
Dendrooecia BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., 1901, p. 138 (type Dendrooecia ery-

throptera BERTONI = Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus [TEMMINCK]).

Herpsilochmus pileatus pileatus (Lichtenstein) . WHITE-BROWED ANT-
BIRD.

Myiothera pileata LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., 1823, p. 44 (Bahia;
type in Berlin Museum examined by C. E. H.); WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras.,
3, (2), 1831, p. 1078 (e. Brazil, no locality specified; descr. d", 9).
Formicivora pileata MENETRIES, M6m. Ac. Sci. St. Peters., (6th ser.), 3, Part 2

(Sti. Nat.), 1835, p. 485 (ex WIED).

Herpsilochmus pileatus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 233 (part; se. Brazil;
descr. cf); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 80 (Bahia; "Cuyaba?", errore;
spec, in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 245 (Bahia); JEERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 209
(part; Bahia).

Herpsilochmus pileatus pileatus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 70, in text
(part; Bahia; Lamarao); idem, 1. c., 28, 1921, p. 206 (coast district of
Bahia).

Range: Eastern Brazil, coast district of State of Bahia (the only
ascertained locality being Lamarao, near S. Salvador de Bahia).*

*Herpsilochmus pileatus atricapillus Pelzeln* BLACK-CAPPED ANT-
BIRD.

Herpsilochmus atricapillus PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 80, 150 (Porto
do Rio Parana, n. Sao Paulo [type]; city of Goyaz; spec, in Vienna Museum
examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 246 (Per-
nambuco; Goyaz); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Phil. Paris, (gth

so restricted and pale as in Argentina examples, while in the other they are even more
deeply colored than in the Brazilian ones. A female from Urucum closely approaches
M. s. strigilatus on the lower parts, but is not quite so bright above. — C. E. H.

• Herpsilochmus pileatus pileatus (LIGHT.): The typical race appears to be
restricted to the coast district of the State of Bahia. Four males from Bahia (trade)
collections have the under parts mostly cinereous, with the throat only white and
slight whitish admixture along the abdominal line, while the flanks have no trace
of buff y suffusion. A single male from Lamarao (near the city of Bahia) approaches
H. p. atricapillus in size and coloration, having the under parts white, only the sides
cinereous, and the lower flanks washed with buff. The only female examined, a Bahia
trade skin, differs from atricapillus by being less buffy on forehead and sides of
head, and more grayish buff underneath.

WING TAIL BILL

Four d1 o* ad. from "Bahia" 51-52 44-46 14-14)4

One cf from Lamarao 51 tf 50 13

One 9 from "Bahia" 48^ 42 i3>£ — C.E.H.

b Herpsilochmus pileatus atricapillus PELZELN: Similar to H. p. pileatus, but
larger, especially tail longer, bill much stronger and larger; under parts in adult male
white, only the sides of the chest being cinereous, flanks and under tail coverts more

172 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

ser.), 8, 1906, p. 43 (Goyaz) ; JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907,
p. 209 (Itapurd, Bebedouro, n. Sao Paulo); LILLO, Apunt. Hist. Nat., i,
No. 2, 1909, p. 23 (Ledesma, Jujuy); HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool.,
16, 1909, p. 221 (Rio San Francisco, Jujuy); DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis., i,
No. 6, 1914, p. 327 (Ledesma, Rio S. Francisco, Jujuy); REISER, Denkschr.
math.-naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, 1910, p. 66 (Porto de Pedra, Rio
Preto, nw. Bahia; Lagoa do Passao, Lake of Missao, near Parnagua; S. Gon-
calinho, Rio Parnahyba, Piauhy; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Herpsilochmus pileatus atricapillus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 69 (Rio
Thesouras, Faz. Esperanga, city of Goyaz, Goyaz; characters), 71 (range);
idem, 1. c., 28, 1921, p. 205 (e. Bolivia), 206 (corr. range); DABBENE, Anal.
Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, 1910, p. 429 (Ledesma, Jujuy).

Tamnophilus pileata (not of LICHTENSTEIN) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY,
Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, 1837, p. 12 (Chiquitos, e. Bolivia; spec,
in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Thamnophilus pileatus D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Am6r. me'rid., Ois., 1838, p. 175
(Mission de S. Jos6, Chiquitos; = o* ad.).

Formicivora pileata (not of LICHTENSTEIN) BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras.,
3, 1856, p. 78 ("Novo Friburgo," Prov. Rio, locality doubtless erroneous,
probably Lagoa Santa, Minas; spec, in Halle Museum examined by C. E. H.) ;
REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 365 (Lagoa Santa,
Sete Lagoas, Minas Geraes).

Herpsilochmus pileatus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 233 (part; Chiquitos,
Bolivia, and Burmeister's reference); FORBES, Ibis, 1881, p. 347 (Garan-
huns, Pernambuco); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, 1900, p. 158 ("Novo
Friburgo," ex BURMEISTER).

Herpsilochmus pileatus pileatus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 70 (part;
Lagoa Santa, Minas; "Novo Friburgo," Prov. Rio).

or less tinged with buff; female with darker ochraceous spots on forehead, and
brighter buff Bunder parts.

SPECIMENS FROM DIFFERENT LOCALITIES MEASURE AS FOLLOWS:

MALES WING TAIL BILL

One from Rio Parana, S. Paulo (type) 57 57 15

One from Goyaz 54 55 15

One from Rio Preto, nw. Bahia 56 64(1) 15 #

One from Piauhy 52 56^

Three from Ceara 52,52,53 54,55,56

Two from near Bagagem, Minas 54,56 6o,6o>£

Two from e. Bolivia 52,54 55,- *5

Three from Jujuy 53,54,54 55,56,56 14-15

FEMALES

Two from Rio Parana, S. Paulo 54,57 55,59 15

Four from Goyaz 53-55 55t58,58,6o 14-15

Two from Piauhy 50,52^ 53,56 15^

One from Pernambuco 52 56

One from near Bagagem, Minas 53 }4 59 14.^

One from Jujuy 53 56 15
E. H.

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 173

Tamnophilus affinis (not of SPIX, 1825) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av.,
i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, 1837, p. 12 (Chiquitos, Bolivia; = 9 ad.); D'ORBIGNY,
Voyage AmeY. me'rid., Ois., 1838, p. 175 (Santa Ana de Chiquitos, Bolivia).

Herpsilochmus sp. inc., FORBES, Ibis, 1881, p. 347 (Macuca, Prov. Pernambuco;
one 9 in British Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Tableland of central Brazil, in states of (northern) Sao
Paulo ( Parana-Tie" te" region), Goyaz, (western) Minas Geraes (Lagoa
Santa, Agua Suja, near Bagagem), extending east to northwestern
Bahia (Rio Preto), Pernambuco (Macuca, Garanhuns), Ceard and
Piauhy; eastern Bolivia (Chiquitos, Santa Cruz de la Sierra); north-
western Argentina, Prov. Jujuy (Cafetal, Ledesma, Rio San Francisco).

3: Brazil (Serra Baturite, Ceara).

Herpsilochmus pileatus motacilloides Taczanowski.* WAGTAIL ANT-
BIRD.

Herpsilochmus motacilloides TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 136 ("Mar-
aynioc," Dept. Junin, c. Peru; descr. 9 or c? juv.), 530 (same locality);
idem, Orn. PeYou, 2, 1884, p. 35 ("Maraynioc") ; BERLEPSCH and STOLZ-
MANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 381 (La Gloria, Garita del Sol, Chanchamayo
district; descr. o", 9 ad.); idem, Ornis, 13, Sept. 1906, p. 94 (Idma, Uru-
bamba Valley, ce. Peru); CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Mus., 117, 1921, p. 79 (Idma,
Urubamba Valley).

Herpsilochmus pileatus motacilloides HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 70, 71
(characters, range).

Range: Central Peru, in depts. of Junin (Chanchamayo, Vitoc, etc.)
and northern Cuzco (Idma, Urubamba Valley).

Herpsilochmus sticturus sticturus Salving SPOTTED-TAILED ANTBIRD.

Herpsilochmus sticturus SALVIN, Ibis, (sth ser.), 3, 1885, p. 424 (Bartica Grove
and Camacusa, Brit. Guiana; types in British Museum examined by C. E. H.) ;
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 245 (Camacusa, Bartica Grove);

• Herpsilochmus pileatus motacilloides TACZ. : Male resembles H. p. atricapillus in
size and heavy bill, but differs chiefly by lacking every trace of white at base of inter-
scapulars, by having longer white tips to the lateral rectrices, a distinct black spot
in front of the eye, and finally the breast and abdomen tinged with pale yellowish
instead of pure white. Wing 54 (Vitoc), 56 (Idma); tail 53-59; bill 15. The female
unknown to the authors, is stated by the late Count Berlepsch to differ from that
of atricapillus in deeper ochreous forehead and paler, yellowish white instead of
buff under parts. — C. E. H.

b Herpsilochmus sticturus sticturus SALVIN: Differs from H. p. pileatus in decid
edly smaller size, especially shorter tail; in the possession of a distinct black loral
streak, and in the central rectrices having, on the inner web, from three to five sep-
arate white marginal spots, instead of a continuous white edge terminating about
five millimetres before the tip, as is invariably the case in the races of the H. pileatus
group. In some specimens (one from the Rio Yuruan, Venezuela, one each from

174 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Phil. Paris, (gth sen), 8, 1906, p. 43
(Camacusa, Cayenne; descr. 9); MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 14, 1908,
p. 13 (Cayenne; o" juv.); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 158 (Cayenne),
320 (Saint-Jean-du-Maroni, French Guiana); BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, i,
1917, p. 132 (Bartica); CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 38 (Supe-
naam, Great Falls of the Demerara, Bartica, Camacusa).

Herpsilochmus sticturus sticturus BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
62, No. 2, 1918, p. 68 (Lelydorp, Surinam).

Range: French, Dutch and British Guiana, and adjoining portion
of eastern Venezuela (Rio Yuruan).*

Herpsilochmus sticturus nigrescens Todd.b CAURA SPOTTED-TAILED
ANTBIRD.

Herpsilochmus sticturus nigrescens TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 28, April
1915, p. 80 (Maripa, Caura River, Venezuela; type in Carnegie Museum
examined); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 285 (Maripa).

Range: Central Venezuela (Caura Valley).

Ourumee and Bartica Grove, British Guiana) there are a number of corresponding
smaller white spots on the border of the outer web. As in pileatus, the back is chiefly
light slate gray, with a small, concealed white interscapular patch, slightly clouded
with blackish ; the under parts, in the adult male, are white, shaded with pale gray across
breast and along sides. I feel somewhat uncertain as to the normal coloration of the
female. An unquestionable adult bird of this sex from Saint-Jean-du-Maroni, French
Guiana, has the forehead narrowly streaked with buff, the rest of the pileum marked
with large white longitudinal spots; under parts white, foreneck bright buff, sides
pale olivaceous gray. It thus resembles, in style of coloration, the females of pileatus
and atricapillus. Three other specimens from Cayenne and two sexed females from
British Guiana, however, more nearly resemble the male below, except for a faint
buffy wash across the foreneck, and the whole pileum, from the forehead to the nape,
is spotted with dull ferruginous. H. s. sticturus may be conspecific with H. pileatus,
but until its plumages are better understood, it is better treated as a distinct species.

WING TAIL BILL

Seven cfcf ad. British Guiana (including the type) 46)^-49 35-38

One o" ad. Saint-Jean-du-Maroni, French Guiana 49 38

Two cfcf ad. Rio Yuruan, e. Venezuela 48,48 X 35.36

Two 9 9 from British Guiana 47,48 33,37

One 9 from Saint-Jean-du-Maroni 49 39 14

Three 9 9 from Cayenne 47-48 33-38

• Two males in the Carnegie Museum examined by C. E. H.

b Herpsilochmus sticturus nigrescens TODD: Similar to H. s. sticturus, but male
darker slate gray above, with more black on anterior back; under parts giay, only a
nanow stripe along abdominal line white, and chest indistinctly flammulated with
whitish; female, like the majority of sticturus, with dull ferruginous spots on pileum,
but distinguishable by darker slate gray back, more grayish (less whitish) throat,
deeper buffy chest and darker buffy gray flanks. Markings of central rectrices
subject to individual variation, being either confined to inner, or also faintly indicated
on outer web. Wing (three o"o") 49, (two 9 9) 47, 48; tail 36-39; bill 13/^-15.

This race replaces H. s. sticturus in the Caura Valley, Venezuela. Besides
the types from Maripa, I have examined three additional examples in the Tring
Museum.— C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 175

Herpsilochmus dorsimaculatus Pelzeln* SPOTTED-BACKED ANTBIRD.

Herpsilochmus dorsimaculatus PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 60,
150 (Marabitanas [type] and Rio Vaupe, upper Rio Negro; spec, in Vienna
Museum examined by C. E. H.); JEERING, Cat. P. Braz., i, 1907, p. 209
(Rio Negro).

Herpsilochmus sticturus sticturus (not of SALVIN) CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst.,
Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 285 (Boca de Sima, Rio Cunucunuma, upper Orinoco;
o" ad. in American Museum Nat. Hist, examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Northwestern Brazil (Rio Vaupe" and Marabitanas, upper
Rio Negro) and southern Venezuela (upper Caura River ;b Cunucunuma
River, upper Orinoco).0

Herpsilochmus roraimae Hellmayr.* RORAIMA ANTBIRD.

Herpsilochmus roraimae HELLMAYR, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 53, 1903, p. 208

(Roraima, Brit. Guiana; types in Collection Berlepsch); CHUBB, Birds Brit.

Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 39 (Mt. Roraima, Mt. Twek-quay, Carimang River,

Brit. Guiana).

Herpsilochmus sp. inc., SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 425 (Roraima).
Herpsilochmus dorsimaculatus (not of PELZELN) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,

15, 1890, p. 246 (Roraima, Mt. Twek-quay).

Range: Mountains of British Guiana (Roraima, Mt. Twek-quay).

• Herpsilochmus dorsimaculatus PELZELN: This very distinct species may be
immediately recognized from H. s. sticturus, which it resembles in coloration of
under parts (white, tinged with light gray on chest and sides) and markings of
central rectrices (inner web with three or four separated large white marginal
spots), by having the upper back broadly striped with black and white (instead of
light gray, slightly variegated with black and white at base) with the basal pcrtion
of the interscapulars wholly white; the upper tail coverts deep black (not slate
gray), and larger size, particularly stronger bill. The female has the forehead spotted
with deep ochraceous, the rest of the pileum marked with large, longitudinal spots
of white; the lores ochraceous; the malar region, sides of neck and chest bright buff,
the middle of the abdomen creamy white, flanks dull grayish. It bears a certain
likeness to the female of H. s. sticturus from Saint- Jean-du-Maroni, as described
above, but has the back black and white (instead of light gray), with an extensive
white interscapular blotch, the upper tail coverts deep black, while the tail and
bill are decidedly longer.

WING TAIL BILL

Three o* d" ad. from the upper Rio Negro 50-50^ 42-43 15-16

One d* ad. from the upper Caura, Venezuela 52 44^

One o* ad. from Rio Cunucunuma, Venezuela 50^ 43

Two 9 9 ad. from the upper Rio Negro 50 45
— C. E. H.

b An adult male obtained by M. A. Carriker, Jr., on October 28, 1909, in
Carnegie Museum examined by C. E. H.

• An adult male secured by Miller and Iglseder on March 9, 1913, in American
Museum Nat. Hist, examined by C. E. H.

d Herpsilochmus roraimae HELLMAYR : Differs from H. dorsimaculatus in much
longer tail; in having the back mainly light gray, with but a limited amount of black
and white spotting in its anterior portion; the median rectrices marked on either web
with five to seven large white spots, nearly confluent along the shaft; female with
forehead not ochraceous, but like the crown spotted with pure white. Wing (seven
0*0") 53-57, (six 9 9) 54-56; tail 53-57! bill 15-16.— C. E. H.

176 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Herpsilochmus pectoralis Sclater.* PECTORAL ANTBIRD.

Herpsilochmus pectoralis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lend., 25, 1857, p. 132 (locality
unknown; we suggest Bahia, e. Brazil; descr. o71); idem, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 233
(Brazil; descr. cf); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 80, Notes (Bahia);
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 247 (Bahia; descr. d"); JHERING,
Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 209 (Bahia); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908,
p. 71 (Bahia; crit. ; descr. 9).

Range: Coast district of eastern Brazil (in states of Bahia and
Maranhao).

*Herpsilochmus longirostris Pelzeln.b LONG-BILLED ANTBIRD.

Herpsilochmus longirostris PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 80, 150
(Porto do Rio Parand, n. Sao Paulo; Rio Araguay, Goyaz; Cuyabd and Rio
Guapor£, Matto Grosso; we accept Cuyabd as type locality; spec, in Vienna
Museum examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 246 (Chapada, Matto Grosso); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5,
J893, p. 120 (Chapada); JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 209 (Barretos,
n. Sao Paulo); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 71 (Faz. Esperanca, Rio
Araguaya, Goyaz; characters); REISER, Denkschr. math, naturw. Kl. Ak.
Wiss. Wien, 76, 1910, p. 66 (Santa Maria [on the way from S. Antonio de

• Herpsilochmus pectoralis SCLATER: Immediately recognizable in the male sex
by the presence of a broad black crescent on the foreneck. The female is very similar
to that of H. longirostris, having the head bright tawny or tawny ochraceous, and
the under parts ochraceous (darkest on foreneck and breast, paler on throat).
It differs, however, by the upper tail coverts being brownish olive gray tipped with
white (instead of uniform cinereous) ; the back conspicuously washed with brownish
olive (instead of being clear cinereous or olive gray) , much shorter white tips to the
lateral rectrices; besides, the tail is decidedly shorter. Wing (seven cfcf1) 56-60,
(six 9 9) 53,^-56; tail 49-52, (9) 48-5°; bill 15^-16^.

A bird in female plumage, though marked as "male" by the collector, F.
Schwanda, from Primeira Cruz, coast region of Maranhao, May 5, 1906, Tring
Museum, agrees in coloration with Bahia specimens, but has a much shorter tail.
Wing 54; tail 43; bill 15.— C. E. H.

b Herpsilochmus longirostris PELZELN: Most nearly related to H. pectoralis and
agreeing in structure and proportions, but wings somewhat, tail considerably longer;
white tips to rectrices much wider (at least 20 mm. on the two lateral pairs as against
12 to 13 mm. in H. pectoralis). Besides, the male has the upper tail coverts cinereous
(instead of black), and the continuous black jugular band (cf pectoralis) is replaced
by numerous small blackish or dark gray spots; while the female is clear cineieous
or olive gray above, without any brownish wash, and lacks the white tips to the
upper tail coverts.

WING TAIL BILL

Two d"o* ad. from Goyaz 59-6o 55,56 i6>£

Seven c?1 c?1 ad. from Matto Grosso 61-64 56-59 16-17

Two 9 9 from n. Sao Paulo 62 57,6o 16-17

Four 9 9 from Goyaz 57#-6o 55-57 16-17

Four 9 9 from Matto Grosso 59-63 55-57 16-17^

Two 9 9 from Piauhy 62,63 57,58 16,17

The male of H. longirostris is quite distinct from H. pileatus atricapillus PELZ.,
by much larger bill; by lacking the black postocular stripe; by having the foreneck
and chest freckled or spotted with dark gray or blackish; the sides and under tail
coverts extensively gray: larger white spots on upper wing coverts, and much longer
white tips to lateral rectrices.— C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 177

Gilboez to Santa Philomena], Santa Philomena, s. Piauhy; spec, examined
by C. E. H.); MENEGAUX, Rev. Frang. d'Orn., No. 96, 1917, p. 55 (Pocon6,
Matto Grosso).

Range: Tableland of Brazil, in northern Sao Paulo (Parana-Tie'te'
district), in states of Matto Grosso (Rio Guapore", Pogone", Cuyaba,
Chapada), Goyaz (Rio Araguay; Faz. Esperanga near city of Goyaz),
and southern Piauhy (Santa Philomena).*

2: Brazil (Chapada, Matto Grosso).

"Herpsilochmus axillaris axillaris (Tschudi). TSCHUDI'S ANTBIRD.

Thamnophilus axillaris TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10, (i), 1844, p. 278 (Peru;
type in Mus. Neuchatel examined by C. E. H. ; =9 ad.); idem, Faun. Peru.,
Aves, 1846, p. 174 (about 10° s. lat. east of the Andes, Peru); BERLEPSCH
and HELLMAYR, Journ. Ornith., 53, 1905, p. 16 (crit.).

Herpsilochmus axillaris TACZANOWSKI, Om. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 35 (Huambo, Peru;
descr. cf, 9, juv.); BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, 1906, p. 117
(Huaynapata, Marcapata, se. Peru; spec., now in Vienna Museum, exam-
ined by C. E. H.).

Herpsilochmus puncticeps TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 30 (Huambo,
Dept. Loreto).

Range : Tropical zone of Peru in depts. of Loreto (Huambo), Hudnuco
(Huachipa) and Cuzco (Huaynapata, Marcapata Valley). b

i: Peru (Huachipa i).

Herpsilochmus axillaris aequatorialis Taczanowski and Berlepsch.0
ECUADORIAN ANTBIRD.

Herpsilochmus axillaris aequatorialis TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1885, p. 100 (Machay, Mapoto, e. Ecuador).

Range: Eastern Ecuador (Machay, Mapoto).

• Two females agree in every respect with those from Matto Grosso and
unquestionably belong to H. longirostris, while a single (female) example from the
coast region of the neighboring State of Maranhao is obviously referable to H.
pectoralis. — C. E. H.

b A female from Marcapata is identical with Tschudi's type, both having the crown
cinnamon rufous (slightly duller than in rufimarginatus) and the two lateral pairs
of rectrices, except for the basal half of the inner web, entirely white. Another
from Huachipa (Huanuco) has only the anterior portion of the crown (as far back
as the eyes) much duller rufous, while the lateral rectrices show but an extensive
apical spot of white on both webs. Wing (three 9 9) 50-51; tail 48; bill 14. From
the female of the rufimarginatus group it is easily distinguishable by the grayish
olive (instead of chestnut rufous) edging to the quills. — C. E. H.

e Herpsilochmus axillaris aequalorialis TACZ. and BERL. : Male stated to differ
from H. a. axillaris by the much smaller white spots of the head being restricted to
the middle line of the crown, leaving the lateral portion plain black. Wing 52;
tail 45 y*t 48^; bill 15. Unknown to the authors.

1 78 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus rufimarginatus (Temminck). RUFOUS-
WINGED ANTBIRD.

Myothera rufimarginata TEMMINCK, Rec. PI. col., livr. 22, May 1822, pi. 132,
fig- i ((cf), z(9) ("Br6sil," we suggest Rio de Janeiro as type locality).

Myiothera scapularis (Lichtenstein Ms.) WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2),
1831, p. 1083 (Prov. Bahia).

Myiothera variegata (Lichtenstein Ms.) WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831,
p. 1086, (se. Brazil; no locality specified).

Dendrooecia erythroptera BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., 1901, p. 138 (Alto Parand,
Paraguay).

Formicivora rufimarginata MENETRIES, M£m. Ac. Sci. St. P£tersb., (6th ser.),
3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 487 (Rio Paraiba, Prov. Rio); BURMEISTER,
Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 79 (Bahia).

Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 233 (se. Bra-
zil; descr. o", 9 ); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 80 (part; Rio de Janeiro;
Ypanema, Sao Paulo); CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 1874, p. 86 (Cantagallo,
Prov. Rio); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 247 (se. Brazil); JHER-
ING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 1899, p. 240 (Iguap6, S. Paulo); idem, 1. c., 4, 1900,
p. 158 (Cantagallo); OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Mus., 25, 1902, p. 128 (Sapu-
cay, Paraguay); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 210 (Rincao,
Ubatuba, Iguapg, S. Paulo; Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay); CHUBB, Ibis, 1910,
p. 521 (Sapucay); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, 1910, p. 289
(Alto Parana); idem, Bol. Soc. Physis, I, 1914, p. 327 (Paraguay; Iguazii,
Misiones).

Herpsilochmus rufimarginata ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889,
p. 251 (crit. on Wied's types).

Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus rufimarginatus HELLMAYR, Verhandl. Orn. Ges.
Bay., 12, No. 2, 1915, p. 147 (Braco do Sul, Espirito Santo; crit.); idem, Arch.
Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 100 in text (char., range).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, from State of Bahia to Sao Paulo;
Paraguay; northeastern Argentina (Iguazu, Misiones)."

*Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus frater Sclater and Salvin.b NORTHERN
RUFOUS-WINGED ANTBIRD.

Herpsilochmus frater SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1880, p. 159 (Sara-
yacu, e. Ecuador; types in British Museum examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER,

• Birds from w. Matto Grosso and Peru are intermediate between H. r. rufi-
marginatus and H. r. frater. The males resemble the former in small amount of black
en interscapular region, while the females possess the bright cinnamon rufous crown
and the white throat of frater; size of bill variable. More satisfactory material is
required to definitely settle the status of this form to which the following refer-
ences belong:

Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 80 (part; Engen-
ho do Gama, w. Matto Grosso); TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 53° (Monter-
ico, Peru); idem, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 34 (Monterico); HELLMAYR, Archiv. Naturg.,
8s, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. loo (Yahuarmayo, Rio Inambari, se. Peru). — C. E. H.

b Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus frater SCLATER and SALVIN: Differs from
H. r. rufimarginatus in decidedly stronger, particularly broader bill; male with ante-

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 179

Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 248 (Sarayacu, e. Ecuador; "Bogota"; San
Esteban, Venezuela); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, 285 (Maraj6);
idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 287 (Peixe-Boi, Para; Maraj6).

Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus (not of TEMMINCK) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1868, p. 628 (San Esteban, Venezuela).

Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus frater BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9,
1902, p. 75 (Suapure, Caura River); HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg.,
78, A, Heft 5, 1912, p. 125 (San Esteban); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci.
Bull., 2, 1916, p. 285 (Suapure); HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 83, A, Heft 10,
1920, p. 101, in text (characters).

Herpsilochmus rufomarginatus frater CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,
191?. P- 3?6 (Buena Vista, se. Colombia).

Range: Eastern Ecuador; eastern Colombia (east slope of eastern
Andes; "Bogota" collections); Venezuela (north coast near San Este-
ban11; Suapure, Caura Valley; El Callao, Rio Yuruari; Upata, south of
the lower Orinoco); northeastern Brazil (Peixe-Boi, Para district;
Santa Ana, Maguary, Isl. of Marajo; Maranhao).b

2: Brazil (Tury-assu, Maranhao 2).

Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus exiguus Nelson." PANAMA RUFOUS-
WINGED ANTBIRD.

Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus exiguus NELSON, Smithson. Misc. Coll., 60,
No. 3, Sept. 1912, p. n (Cana, e. Panama).

Range: Eastern Panama (Cana, Boca de Cupe).

Genus MICRORHOPIAS Sclater.

Microrhopias SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 182 (type by subs,
desig., SCLATER, 1890, Thamnophilus quixensis CORNALIA).

rior portion of back mainly black (the amount is, however, individually variable,
and some specimens have no more black than the southern race) ; female with crown
much brighter rufous, throat pure white, and foreneck generally tinged with buff.
The edges of the primaries are frequently but not constantly darker chestnut.
Wing 50-53; tail 43-49, once 41; bill 14-16. Twenty-three specimens (2 Ecuador,
10 "Bogota," i San Esteban, 5 Caura., 2 El Callao, i Upata) compared with ten
from se. Brazil (Bahia, Espirito Santo, Rio, Sao Paulo) and one from Paraguay
(Sapucay).— C. E. H.

• The locality "Caripe, Bermudez" requires confirmation.

b I have not seen specimens from the Pard district. A single female from
Maraj6 (Maguary) agrees in coloration with that of frater, but has the slender
bill of rufimarginatus. — C. E. H.

e Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus exiguus NELSON: This form, unknown to the
authors, is obviously similar to H. r. frater, which it resembles in the strong bill and
the large amount of black on the upper back, but appears to be decidedly smaller.
Wing 48; tail 37^-

i8o FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

*Microrhopias quixensis boucardi (Sclater). BOUCARD'S ANT WREN.

Formicivora boucardi SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lend., 26, 1858, p. 300 (Acatepec, state
of Oaxaca, se. Mexico; descr. o*); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 183,
pi. 1 6 (o", 9) (Oaxaca, Mexico; Choctum, Vera Paz, Guatemala); idem,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 254 (part; spec, a-m, Oaxaca, Acatepec,
Mexico; Guatemala); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2,
1892, p. 216 (part; Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras); DEARBORN, Field
Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., x, 1907, p. 109 (Los Amates, Guatemala).

Microrhopias boucardi boucardi RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 19",
p. 78 (from se. Mexico to British Honduras).

Range: Northern Central America, from southeastern Mexico (in
states of Vera Cruz, Oaxaca and Tabasco) through Guatemala to Hon-
duras and British Honduras.

4: Guatemala (Guatemala i, Los Amates 2), British Honduras
(Middlesex i).

*Microrhopias quixensis virgata (LAWRENCE). PANAMA ANT WREN.

Formicivora virgata LAWRENCE, Ibis, 5, April 1863, p. 182 (Lion Hill, Panama)^;

SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 217 (Chon-

tales, Nicaragua; Panama).
Formicivora boucardi (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,

p. 254 (part; spec, n-x, Chontales, Nicaragua; Costa Rica, Chiriqui, Panama);

SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 216 (part; Nicar-
agua, Costa Rica, Chiriqui, Panama).
Formicivora boucardi virgata CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910, p. 610

(Costa Rica; habits).
Microrhopias boucardi virgata RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 79

(Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama [Divala, Bugaba, Chiriqui; Panama]);

STONE, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 70, 1918, p. 260 (Gatun, Panama).

Range: Southern Central America, from Nicaragua through Costa
Rica to the Isthmus of Panama (Lion Hill, Gatun). b

6: Nicaragua (San Emilis, Lake Nicaragua i, Matagalpa i), Costa
Rica (Boruca 2, Siguirres i, Pozo del Rio Grande i).

*Microrhopias quixensis consobrina (Sclater). WEST ECUADORIAN
ANT WREN.

Formicivora consobrina SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p 279 (Babahoyo, w. Ecu-
ador; descr. o", 9 ), 294 (Esmeraldas) ; SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1879, p. 525
(Pocune, Antioquia) ; BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1883, p. 565 (Chim-
bo); SCLATE'R, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 255 (part; Babahoyo, Esmeral-

a The white mesial streaks on the sides of the breast in the male type are an
individual peculiarity.

b No Panama specimens seen by us.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 181

das, Balzar, "Sarayacu," w. Ecuador; Pocune, "Medellin," Antioquia, Col-
ombia; "Bogota" [?]); SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362,
1899, p. 30 (Babahoyo, Rio Peripa, w. Ecuador); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902,
p. 65 (S. Nicolas, Gualea, w. Ecuador); MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. geogr. Mes.
Arc M6rid. Equat., 9, 1911, p. B 34 (Santo Domingo).

(?) Pyriglena quixenis (not of CORNALIA) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855,
p. 147 ("Bogota").

Formicivora quixensis (not of CORNALIA) CASSIN, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1860,
p. 190 (Rio Truando).

Formicivora quixensis consobrina HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1163 (San
Joaquim del Choc6, Sipi, Novita, w. Colombia).

Microrhopias boucardi consobrina RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911,
p. 80 (nw. Colombia, Rio Truando, to w. Ecuador; excl. Cayenne); CHAP-
MAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 378 (Alto Bonito, Novitd,
S. Jos6, w. Colombia; Puerto Valdivia, lower Cauca); BANGS and B ARBOUR,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, 1922, r>. 207 (Mt. Sap6, Jesusito, e. Darien).

Range: From eastern Darien (Sambu Valley) and northwestern
Colombia (Rio Truando) along the Pacific coast of Colombia south to
Chimbo, western Ecuador, also on the lower Cauca (Puerto Valdivia,
Rio Pocune), Antioquia. »

3: Colombia (Tad6, Rio San Juan, Choco i), Ecuador (Pambilar,
Prov. Esmeraldas 2).

Microrhopias quixensis quixensis (Cornalia).b UPPER AMAZONIAN
ANT WREN.

Thamnophilus quixensis CORNALIA, Vertebrat. Synopsis Mus. Mediol. exstant.

Osculati coll., 1849, p. 12° (e. Ecuador; = c? ad.).
Thamnophilus rufiventer CORNALIA, 1. c., p. 12° (e. Ecuador; =9).
Pyriglena quixensis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 22, 1854, p. 112 (Quijos, e. Ecuador;

descr. o*); idem, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 66 (Rio Napo).

• I cannot detect any difference between eight specimens from the Choc<5 dis-
trict of Colombia and seven from nw. Ecuador (Prov. Esmeraldas). No material
seen from the Truando, Sambu Valley and Cauca. M. q. consobrina differs from
M. q. virgata by smaller bill, much longer white tips to the lateral rectrices, and
darker chestnut under parts of the female.

Four adult males from w. Colombia measure: Wing 48-49; tail 45-48; five from
nw. Ecuador, wing 48-5 1 ; tail 46-48. — C. E. H.

b Microrhopias quixensis quixensis (CORNALIA) : Male similar to M. q. consobrina,
but white tips to greater wing coverts and lateral rectrices averaging smaller; female
with under parts much deeper chestnut, and pileum, sides of head and throat (slightly
glossy) black, the throat being, in all the other races, chestnut or tawny chestnut
like the breast. Wing 50-52; tail 47-49; bill 13. The female, in intensity of the
lower surface, resembles that of M. q. bicolor, but has the throat black, the pileum
black (like the back) instead of sooty gray, and the white tips to the lateral rectrices
much less extended. One male, two females from e. Ecuador examined by C. E. H.

0 These species are not included in the natural history appendix of either the
first (1850) or second (1854) edition of Osculati's Esplorazione delle Regione Equa-
torali.

182 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Pyriglena rufiventris SCLATER, 1. c., 22, 1854, p. 112 (Quijos, e. Ecuador; descr.
9); idem, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 67 (Rio Napo).

Formicivora quixensis SCLATER, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 241 (Rio Napo; c?, 9 descr.);
SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1866, p. 566 (ne. Peru); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 275
(Nauta, ne. Peru); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 51 (Nauta; Rio Napo,
Sarayacu, e. Ecuador) ; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 256 (Nauta;
Sarayacu, Rio Napo, e. Ecuador).

Range: Eastern Ecuador, south to the north bank of the Rio
Maranon (Nauta), northeastern Peru.

Microrhopias quixensis tricolor (Pelzeln). WHITE-TAILED ANT WREN.

Formicivora bicolor PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 84, 156 (Destacamento
do Ribeirao, Salto do Girao, Borba, Rio Madeira; Engenho do Gama,
w. Matto Grosso; spec, in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER
and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 185 (Cosnipata, se. Peru); SCLATER, 1. c.,
1873, p. 780 (Cosnipata); TACZANOWSKI, Om. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 50 (Cosni-
pata; descr. d", 9); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 95
(lower Beni, Bolivia); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 256 (Rio
Madeira [ = Salto do Girao]; Cosnipata); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905,
p. 442 (Rio Jurua) ; idem, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 213 (Rio Jurua; range, excl.
Cayenne); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 17 (Itaituba, Rio Tapaj6z),
66 (Teff6, Rio Solimoes), 373 (Borba, Rio Madeira); BERLEPSCH and
STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, 1906, p. 117 (Rio Cadena, Marcapata, se. Peru);
SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 16 (Bom Lugar, Rio Punis), 512
(Villa Braga, R. Tapaj6z); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 289 (Boim,
Villa Braga, R. Tapaj6z; Bom Lugar, Rio Punis").

Formicivora consobrina (not of SCLATER) SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 5,
1908, p. 57 (Bom Lugar, Rio Punis).

Formicivora quixensis bicolor HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 363 (Calama,
Rio Madeira).

Microrhopias quixensis bicolor HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p.
102 (Yahuarmayo, Rio San Gaban, n. Puno, se. Peru; crit.).

Microrhopias boucardi bicolor CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 2, 1921, p. 4
(Rio Tapaj6z; Rio Roosevelt, Barao Melgago; Porto Velho, Rio Madeira).

Microrhopias bicolor subsp., CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Mus., 117, 1921, p. 80 (Rio
Comberciato, Urubamba region, Peru).

Range : Brazilian Amazonia, from the left bank of the Rio Tapajoz
on the southerly affluents of the Amazon west to the Rio Solimoes
(Teffe*) and the Rio Jurua, south to western and northern Matto Grosso
(Rio Guapore", Rio Roosevelt); northern Bolivia (Rio Beni); south-
eastern Peru (in depts. of Cuzoo and northern Puno (Carabaya region). b

» The localities on the north bank of the lower Amazon (Arumanduba; Sao
Antonio da Cachoeira, Rio Jary) very likely pertain to the Guianan race M. q. micro-
sticta (BERL.).

b Birds from Peru (north slope of Sierra of Carabaya, Cosnipata) average
slightly larger, with stronger bill, and usually have rather longer white tips to the

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 183

Microrhopias quixensis microsticta (Berlepsch).* CAYENNE ANT WREN.

Formicivora consobrina microsticta. BJ:RLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 157
(Rio Approuague, French Guiana; type in Tring Museum examined by
C. E. H.), 320 (Saint-Jean-du-Maroni) ; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910,
p. 363, in text (diagn. ; Saint- Jean-du-Maroni).

Formicivora consobrina (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862,
p. 183 (part; spec, c, Cayenne); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 255
(part; spec, k, Cayenne, examined by C. E. H.); MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus.
Paris, 14, 1908, p. 13 (Cayenne).

(?) Formicivora bicolor (not of Pelzeln) SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914,
p. 289 (part; Rio Jary, Arumanduba, north bank of lower Amazon).

Range: French Guiana; probably also on north bank of lower
Amazon (Rio Jary, Arumanduba).

Microrhopias quixensis emiliae Chapman* EMILIA'S ANT WREN.

Microrhopias emiliae CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 2, Jan. 1921, p. 3 (Alta
Mira, Rio Xingu [type]; Rio Tocantins).

Range: Northern Brazil, on the south bank of the lower Amazon,
from the Xingu east to the Tocantins.

Genus NEORHOPIAS Hellmayr."

Formicivora SWAINSON (not Formicivorus TEMMINCK, 1807), Zool. Journ., a,
No. 6, July 1825, p. 145 (type by subs, design., Gray, 1840, Formicivora
nigricoUis SWAINSON = Turdus griseus BODDAERT).

outer rectrices. The under parts, in the female sex, are by no means constantly
darker. These differences appear to me too insignificant to warrant their separation.
See HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 102-103, where measurements
are given.

• Microrhopias quixensis microsticta (BERLEPSCH) : Very closely related to
M. q. bicolor, but bill slightly larger, white tips to lateral rectrices shorter (on outer
web of penultimate rectrix the white area varies from 1 8 to 20 against 23-30 mm.
in M. q. bicolor), and apical spots on greater upper wing coverts as a rule smaller.
Female with entire surface chestnut as in bicolor. Wing (six o*c?) 52-53^, (two
9 9) 52; tail (cf) 48-51, (9) 47-48; bill 14-15. This form is readily distinguished
from consobrina by much longer white tail-end and much smaller white spots on
greater wing coverts. — C. E. H.

b Microrhopias quixensis emiliae CHAPMAN: Male similar to M. q. bicolor and
M. q. microsticta, but with much less white in the tail, the white tip on the outer-
most rectrix measuring only 7 to 9 mm. (against 15-18 in microsticta, 18-25 in bicolor);
agreeing with M. q. virgata in extent of white on lateral tail feathers, but much
larger; female blacker above than either of its allies, and abdomen dull black, strongly
contrasted with the rich chestnut throat and breast. Wing (two o"d") 55. 56, (two
9 9 ) 53, 54; tail 51-35; bill 14^-15- This interesting race replaces M. q. bicolor east
of the Tapaj6z. By its close resemblance, in the male sex, to M. q. virgata it proves
that all the black Ant Wrens should be treated as races of a single species. — C. E. H.

0 Neorhopias HELLMAYR: Most nearly related to Herpsilochmus CABANIS, but
bill very differently shaped, being much mote slender, nai rower and strongly com-
pressed laterally on apical portion. From Microrhopias SCLATER, with which some
of its members had been associated, it is easily separable by the same character as

184 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Neorhopias HELLMAYR, Anzeiger Orn. Ges. Bay., 3, Oct. 1920, p. 20 (type
Formicivora iheringi HELLMAYR).

Neorhopias iheringi (Hellmayr).* JHERING'S ANTBIRD.

Formicivora iheringi HELLMAYR, Rev. Frang. d'Orn., i, No. 7, Nov. 1909, p. 98
(Villa Nova, Serra d'Espinhaco, Prov. Bahia, e. Brazil; type in Museu
Paulista).

Range : Interior of State of Bahia, eastern Brazil.

*Neorhopias grisea grisea (Boddaerf). GUIANA ANTBIRD.

Turdus grieseus (sic) BODDAERT, Tabl. PI. enl., Dec. 1783, p. 39 (based on "Le
Grisin, de Cayenne" DAUBENTON, PI. enl. 643, fig. i (= cT): Cayenne; type
in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Myrmothera leucophrys VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. id., 12, 1817,
p. 114 ("la Guyane" = Cayenne; descr. o").

Myiothera superciliaris LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., 1823, p. 44
("Brasilia, Cayana"; descr. d", 9).

Formicivora nigricollis SWAINSON, Zool. Joum., 2, No. 6, July 1825, p. 147
(Catinga woods of Humildez, Prov. Bahia).

Thamnophilus griseus SPIX, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 29, pi. 41, fig. i (part, "of";
Para); HELLMAYR, Abhdl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 663
(crit.).

Myiothera leucophrys WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831, p. 1075 (descr.
d", 9 ; se. Brazil, no locality specified).

Ellipura grisea CABANIS in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, 1848, p. 687
(Brit. Guiana); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 238 (monog.; Cayenne,
Brit. Guiana; Para; se. Brazil); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862, p. 181
(Cayenne); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 83 (Pard; Borba, Rio
Madeira; Forte do Rio Branco; Rio Icanna, Rio Negro district; S. Vicente,
Engenho do Gama, Villa Bella, Matto Grosso; spec, examined by C. E. H.);
SCLATER and SAL VIM, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 576 (Rio Tocantins); LA YARD,
Ibis, 1873, p. 387 (Para); FORBES, 1. c., 1881, p. 348 (Parahyba; Quipapa,
Pernambuco); SALVIN, 1. c., 1885, p. 426 (Merum6 Mts., Brit. Guiana);
ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 259 (part; Wied's types);
RIKER and CHAPMAN, Auk, 8, 1891, p. 29 (Santarem); SCLATER, Cat. B.

well as by obsolete (instead of conspicuously developed) rictal bristles and propor-
tionately longer tail; from Drymophila, in addition to the shape of the bill, by having
twelve instead of ten rectrices.

N. grisea, N. melanogaster, N. rufa and allies have a somewhat stronger bill and
wider, more rounded rectrices than the type, with which they otherwise agree. —
C. E. H.

• Neorhopias iheringi (HELLMAYR) : In general coloration strikingly similar to
Myrmothertda axillaris luctuosa PELZELN, but male with lores more whitish, cheeks
and auriculars paler slate gray, streaked with silvery white; feathers of throat and
breast conspicuously edged with whitish or slate gray; female recognizable by its
more cinnamomeous upper tail coverts and rectrices, as well as somewhat deeper
ochraceous under parts, with less white suffusion along flanks. Wing (o*) 51, (9)
51 X; tail 53, 54, outermost rectiix 16; bill n#. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 185

Brit. Mus., is, 1890, p. 249 (Merum6, Quonga, Brit. Guiana; Cayenne; Rio
Tocantins, Para, Pernambuco, Bahia, Brazil); GOELDI, Ibis, 1897, p. 161
(Amapa); MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, n, 1904, p. 176 (Mahury, French
Guiana); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 369 (S. Antonio do Prata,
Para); JEERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 210 (part; Santarem); MENE-
GAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (9th ser.), 8, 1906, p. 37
(Cayenne; crit. on types); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 53, 1907, p. 286
(S. Antonio do Prata; Marajo, Monte Alegre, Amapa); idem, 1. c., 56, 1908,
p. 532 (Alcobaca, Tocantins); idem, 1. c., 61, 1913, p. 529 (ecology); idem,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 288 (Providencia, Benevides, Santa Isabel,
Peixe-Boi, S. Antonio, Para; Rivers Guama, Tocantins, Tapaj6z; Cussary,
Maraj6, Amapa, Monte Alegre); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 157
(Cayenne, Roche- Marie, French Guiana) ; REISER, Denkschr. math.-naturw.
Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, 1910, p. 66 (part; No. 92, City of Bahia, No. 1240,
Ilha S. Martin, Rio Parnahyba, Piauhy; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Formicivora grisea grisea HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 72 (Rio Araguaya,
R. Thesouras, Goyaz); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 363 (S. Isabel, Rio Preto,
R. Madeira).

Drymophtta grisea CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guinia, 2, 1921, p. 40 (Brit. Guiana).

Drymophila grisea grisea HELLMAYR, Abhandl. math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss.,
26, No. 2, 1912, p. 92 (Pard localities).

Microrhopias grisea grisea BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62,
No. 2, 1918, p. 68 (vicinity of Paramaribo).

Range: French, Dutch and British Guiana; northern Brazil, from
Amapa west to the upper Rio Negro (Rio Icanna), south of the Amazon
Valley from Pard west to the Rio Madeira, south to western Matto
Grosso and Goyaz (north of the watershed), and through Maranhao,
Piauhy and Pernambuco to Bahia."

8: Brazil (Boa Vista, Rio Branco 3, Sao Luiz, Maranhao 2, Bahia i,
Sao Amaro, Bahia 2).

• With sixty-five specimens before me I am unable to distinguish any local races
of this widespread bird. There is certainly much variation in the shade of the upper
parts in the male, and intensity of the lower parts in the female sex, but this appears to
be largely, if not wholly, individual. Hardly two males show the same shade of color
above, even if specimens taken in the same season be compared. One male from Utiar-
ity, Matto Grosso, and three others from w. Matto Grosso (Rio Guapore), by reason of
their decidedly rufescent earthy brown dorsal surface, at first sight look very different
from the smoke or scoty backed griseus, as represented by a series from Guiana,
Para and e. Brazil. However, two additional males from Matto Grosso (Tapirapoan)
are fully as sooty as the general run of the northern bird; one being identical with a
skin from Miritiba (Maranhao), while the other exactly matches an exceptionally
daik example from the Merum6 Mountains, British Guiana. Nine females from
Matto Grosso aie conspicuously deeper ochraceous below than a series from Guiana,
Rio Madeira and e. Brazil, but two from the Rio Icanna (upper Rio Negro) ace
even more deeply colored than the darkest extreme from Matto Grosso (American
Museum Nat. Hist., No. 127,627, Utiaiity). Birds from e. Brazil (Maianhao,
Piauhy, Bahia) appear to be inseparable from the Guianan ones. — C. E. H.

1 86 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

*Neorhopias grisea hondae (Chapman).* MAGDALENA ANTBIRD.

Microrhopias grisea hondae CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 33, 1914,
p. 616 (Chicoral, near Giradot, w. of Bogota, R. Magdalena [type]; Honda,
Andalucia, Colombia); HELLMAYR, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 14, No. 4, 1920,
p. 287 (range).

Formicivora intermedia (not of CABANIS) CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13, (i), 1847,
p. 225 (part; spec, ex Carthagena examined in Berlin Museum by C. E. H.);
SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 238 (part; Carthagena, Bogota); idem,
Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862, p. 181 (part; spec, a, Bogota); WYATT, Ibis,
1871, p. 331 (Bucaramanga) ; BERLEPSCH, Journ. Ornith., 32, 1884, p. 308
(Bucaramanga; spec, [two 9 9] examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 250 (part; Bogota).

Formicivora grisea (not of BODDAERT) CASSIN, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1860,
p. 190 (Carthagena).

Microrhopias grisea intermedia (not of CABANIS) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 376 (La Playa, near Baranquilla; Calamar, Honda,
Chicoral, Magdalena R.).

Range : Northern and central Colombia, throughout the Valley of
the Magdalena (from Carthagena, Baranquilla, etc., up to Andalucia,
near its sources).

5: Colombia ("Bogota" 5).

Neorhopias grisea alticincta (Bangs). b SAN MIGUEL ANTBIRD.

Formicivora alticincta BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, March 1902, p. 71
(San Miguel Isl., Bay of Panama; descr. o"); THAYER and BANGS, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, 1905, p. 150 (San Miguel Isl; descr. 9).

Drymophila intermedia (not of CABANIS) BANGS, Auk, 18, 1901, p. 30 (San Miguel
Isl.).

Range: San Miguel Island, Bay of Panama.

• Neorhopias grisea hondae (CHAPMAN) : Similar to AT. g. grisea, but white apical
spots on greater upper wing coverts much larger (about three or four times as large
as those on the median series); male with upper parts decidedly paler, hair blown
rather than smoke or sooty brown, and with white on flanks more extensive; female
unspotted below like grisea, but upper parts somewhat paler, the under parts very
much paler, buff instead of ochraceous, passing into whitish on throat and middle of
abdomen. Wing (cf) 54-57, (9) 50-55; tail 46-52; bill 13-15.

Five specimens (three males, two females) from Chicoral, middle Magdalena,
two females from Bucaramanga and fifteen "Bogota" skins agree in every way with
two males and four females from Carthagena and Baranquilla (La Playa). — C. E. H.

b Neorhopias grisea alticincta (BANGS) : Closely allied to N. g. hondae and agree-
ing with it in extent of white on greater upper wing coverts and lateial rectiices;
but larger, with proportionately smaller bill, and white tip to third rectrix (from
without) more extended (about 3 to 5 mm. in length) ; male with upper parts conspicu-
ously, sometimes very much daiker, deep brownish slate or puiplish slate color, and
white of flanks more restricted; female unspotted below like N. g. hondae, but deeper
buff, and the upper parts of a darker sepia brown. Wing (six cf o") 54-59, (two 99)
54: tail 46-50, (9) 45-47; bill 13^-15.— C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 187

*Neorhopias grisea fumosa (Cory).* ZULIA ANTBIRD.

Microrhopias grisea fumosa CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., i,
May 1913, p. 291 (Encontrados, Zulia, nw. Venezuela).

Range : Low heavily forested region southwest of Lake Maracaibo,
in State of Zulia, northwestern Venezuela.

10 : Venezuela (Encontrados 3, Catatumbo River 6, Orope i).

*Neorhopias grisea intermedia (Cabanis).b INTERMEDIATE ANTBIRD.

Formicivora intermedia CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13, (i), 1847, p. 225 (part;
Aragua, n. Venezuela, designated as type locality; types in Berlin Museum
examined by C. E. H.; descr. d", 9 ; see HELLMAYR, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay.,
14, No. 4, 1920, p. 285); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 238 (part;
"Trinidad," Aragua, Venezuela); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862, p. 181
(part; spec, b, Cumana); TAYLOR, Ibis, 1864, p. 85 (Chacachacare Isl.,
near Trinidad; one spec., now in Brit. Museum, examined by C. E. H.);
SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868 (Carupano), 628 (S. Esteban);
SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, 1880, p. 171 (Santa Marta); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 250 (part; spec, a-f, 1, m, n, Cumana, Carupano,
Venezuela; "Trinidad"; Valle Dupar, Santa Marta); ALLEN, Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 4, 1892, p. 55 (Carupano); PHELPS, Auk, 14, 1897, p. 365
(Cumanacoa, S. Antonio, Bermudez); ROBINSON and RICHMOND, Proc.
U. S. Mus., 18, 1895, p. 673 (Margarita Isl.), 684 (La Guaira); idem, 1. c.,
24, 1901, p. 175 (La Guaira); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 13, 1900,
p. 160 (Bonda, Santa Marta); idem, 1. c., 21, 1905, p. 289 (Bonda; nest and
eggs descr.); CLARK, Auk, 19, 1902, p. 264 (Margarita Isl.); LOWE, Ibis,
1907, P- 560 (Margarita Isl.); idem, 1. c., 1909, p. 322 (Cariaco) ; CORY, Field
Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., i, 1909, p. 247 (Margarita Isl.).

Eriodora intermedia BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, 1898, p. 138 (Santa
Marta).

• Neorhopias grisea fumosa (CORY) : Differs from N. g. intermedia in larger size,
stronger (longer as well as broader) bill, and much narrower, ill anteocular portion
barely indicated, white superciliary streak. Besides, the male is very much darker
above, purplish slate or blackish slate, being fully as deeply colored as or even more
than N. g. alticincta, while the white of the flanks is more restricted and frequently
mixed with smoke grayish; female generally darker, more rufcscent brown above, and
much more heavily spotted with black on foreneck and breast. Wing (six cf d")
59-61, once 57, (four 9 9) 56-57; tail 53-56, once 48, (9) 49-50; bill 15-16.

This very distinct form is obviously restricted to the heavily forested area
southwest of Lake Maracaibo. The male, while resembling alticincta in the dark color-
ation cf the upper parts, is easily distinguishable by its larger bill and much less
conspicuous superciliaiies, while the female is altogether different by reason of its
coarsely spotted under parts. — C. E. H.

b Neorhopias grisea intermedia (CAB.) : Male only distinguishable from N. g. hondae
by the third rectrix (from without) being conspicuously tipped instead of narrowly
margined with white, the apical spot thus formed varying in length fiom 3 to 5 mm.;
female at once known by having the foreneck and breast heavily spotted with
blackish or dusky, the ground color of the under parts being much paler, buffy or
creamy white. — C. E. H.

1 88 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Microrhopias grisea intermedia HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78,

A, Heft 5, 1912, p. 126 (San Esteban; crit.; range); HELLMAYR, Verb. Orn.

Ges. Bay., 14, 1920, p. 287 (range); STONE, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 65,

1913, p. 202 (Cariaquito, Paria Peninsula).
Microrhopias intermedia TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 1922,

p. 308 (Bonda, Mamatoco, Dibulla, Rio Hacha, Santa Marta, Santa Marta

district).
Drymophila grisea margaritensis RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, 1908,

p. 194 (Margarita Isl.).
Formicivora cano-fumosus CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., i, No. 16,

June 1909, p. 387 (Las Barrancas, lower Orinoco River, Venezuela).
Microrhopias cano-fumosus idem, 1. c., 2, 1916, p. 285 (Las Barrancas).

Range: Northeastern Colombia (Santa Marta district; Goajira
Peninsula; El Guayabal, ten miles north of San Jose" de Cucuta, north-
eastern Santander); Venezuela, from Tachira (Colon), Me*rida (Ejido)
and northeastern Zulia (Rio Aurare, twelve miles southeast of Alta-
gracia) along the north coast to the Paria Peninsula, extending south
to the north bank of the Orinoco (Las Barrancas) and to San Fernando,
Rio Apure; Margarita Isl., Isl. of Chacachacare, off Trinidad.*

45: Colombia (El Guayabal, Santander, 4); Venezuela (Colon,
Tachira i, Rio Aurare, Zulia 3, Lake Valencia, Aragua 3, Maracay,
Aragua 4, Caracas 9, Macuto, Caracas 9, Curnana i, Margarita Isl. n).

• Birds from northern Colombia (Santa Marta district and Goajira Peninsula)
are identical with a series of topotypes from Aragua and other examples from n. Ven-
ezuela (San Esteban, Caracas region, Tocuyo, and Rio Aurare). Two males, one female
from Ejido (near Merida) and a single male from Colon, Tachira, are in every respect
typical cf intermedia and show not the slightest approach to fumosa of the heavily
forested region southwest of Lake Maracaibo. Tnirty-nine specimens from Bermudez
(hinterland of Cumana, Paria Peninsula) are not separable either, although some
of the males, by their darker slaty upper parts and larger size, closely resemble N. g.
tobagensis of Tobago. The coloration of the upper surface in the males of intermedia
is, however, extremely variable, and many individuals from Caracas and Aragua
are quite indistinguishable from Tobago specimens. No representative of this
group has ever been found on the Island of Trinidad, although E. C. Taylor men-
tions intermedia as "abundant in the low, dry bush of the small island Chacacha-
care." The only specimen (male) in the Taylor collection, now in the British
Museum, might easily be mistaken for tobagensis, being very dark and large (wing
58 ; tail 56) ; but, as it is matched both in color and size by several of the males from
S. Felix (near Cumana), I think it should be referred to intermedia rather than to
tobagensis. I am unable to separate the Margarita form, since only two out of
seven males have darker, more purplish slate upper parts than intermedia, while the
females are not distinguishable at all fiom continental examples. Two females from
El Guayabal, north of San Jos6 de Cucuta, ne. Santander, by the reduction of the
dusky spotting below, form the tiansition to N. g. hondae with plain-breasted female,
to which two from Bucaramanga clearly belong. Females from San Fernando, Rio
Apure (in the Paris and Munich collections), and Las Barrancas (topotypes of cano-
fumosus CHERRIE), on the other hand, approach AT. g. orenocensis by their brighter,
more russet brown upper parts, though in other respects, especially the buffy, less
heavily spotted lower surface, they are typical ot intermedia. Males from San Per nando,
Rio Apure and Las Barrancas do not deviate from the normal type of this form.
Material: n Margarita, 39 Bermudez (Cumana region); 3 Ejido, r Tachira, i
Tocuyo, Lara, 3 Rio Auiare, i La Guaira, 7 Aragua, r8 Caracas, 3 San Esteban, 6
San Fernando, Rio Apure, 2 Las Barrancas, Rio Orinoco, i Chacachacare, r6 Santa
Marta district, 3 Rio Hacha, Goajira, 4 El Guayabal, Santander. — C. E. H.

IQ24- BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 189

*Neorhopias grisea tobagensis (Dalmas).* TOBAGO ANTBIRD.

Formicivora tobagensis DALMAS, M6m. Soc. Zool. France, 13, 1900, p. 141 (Tobago;
types, now in Tring Museum, examined by C. E. H.).

Myiothera scapularis (errore) JARDINE, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 20, 1847, p. 331
(Tobago).

Formicivora intermedia (not of CABANIS) SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862,
p. 181 (part; spec, c, Tobago); CORY, Auk, 10, 1893, p. 220 (Tobago).

Range: Island of Tobago.
19: Tobago Island.

Neorhopias grisea orenocensis (Hellmayr}* ORINOCO ANTBIRD.

Formicivora orenocensis HELLMAYR, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14, Feb. 1904, p. 54
(Altagracia, R. Orinoco, Venezuela).

Microrhopias orenocensis CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 285
(from Ciudad Bolivar to Caicara, Orinoco R.; Caura River).

Formicivora intermedia (not of CABANIS) BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool.,
9, 1902, p. 75 (Ciudad Bolivar, Caicara, Quiribana de Caicara, Orinoco R.;
La Pricion, Caura R.).

Range Southern Venezuela, on the south bank of the middle Orin-
oco, from Ciudad Bolivar to Caicara, and on it southerly affluent, the
Caura.

Neorhopias grisea deluzae (Menetrtis)." MENETRIES'S ANTBIRD.

Formicivora deluzae MENETRIES, Mem. Ac. Sci. St. P6tersb., (6th ser.), 3, Part 2
(Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 484, pi. 5, fig. 2 ("non loin de la Serra dos Orgaes," Prov.
Rio de Janeiro; type in Petrograd Museum examined by C. E. H.; =9);
CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i, 1921, p. 23 (crit.).

• Neorhopias grisea tobagensis (DALMAS) : Differs from N. g. intermedia in larger
size, especially longer tail and stronger bill; generally darker upper parts, and in
having the flanks and sides more extensively white. The amount of dusky spotting
below in the female sex is rather variable, some specimens having but a few half-
concealed spots on the foreneck. Wing (twenty-eight 0*0") 57-62, (fifteen 9 9) 53-
59; tail 53-60; bill, i4H-i6.— C. E. H.

b Neorhopias grisea orenocensis (HELLMAYR): Male similar to AT. g. intermedia,
but upper parts decidedly rufous biown instead of hair brown or brownish slate color;
female, in addition to the rufous dorsal surface, distinguishable by having the lower
parts pure white (instead of creamy or buffy), with the much wider and more regular
black longitudinal stripes extending also over the throat, the latter being plain or
but narrowly streaked in the allied races. Wing (six o* d" ad.) 53-56, (eight 99)
52-54: tail 50-57; bill I3K-I5- From N. rufa this form is easily separable by lacking
the fulvous flanks, and by having much more white on the tips of the greater upper
wing coverts and lateral rectiices.— C. E. H.

• Neorhopias grisea deluzae (MENETR.) : Male similar to N. g. orenocensis, but
upper parts duller, nearest to Mars brown, and only a restricted area on the lower
flanks dull whitish, slightly mixed with grayish or grayish buff; female apparently
not distinguishable from that of N. g. grisea, unless the buff apical spots to the

i go FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Formicivora nigricollis (not of SWAINSON) MENETRIES, M6m. Ac. Sci. St. Petersb.,
(6th ser.), 3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 482, pi. 3, fig. i (part, o" ad.; "sur
les bords du Rio Bacalhao," Prov. Minas Geraes; spec, in Petrograd Museum
examined by C. E. H.). *•

(?) Formicivora melanogastra (not of PELZELN) REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd.
naturhist. Foren. Kjob., 1870, p. 364 (Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes; Aldea da
Pedra, Rio Parahyba, Prov. Rio).

Formicivora rufatra (not of LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) CABANIS, Journ.
Ornith., 22, 1874, p. 86 (Cantagallo, Prov. Rio; spec, recently examined
by C. E. H.)

Formicivora grisea (not of BODDAERT) JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz.,
I, 1907, p. 210 (part; Vargem Alegre, Minas Geraes; spec, in Museu Paul-
ista examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, in states of Minas Geraes (Rio Bacal-
hao; Vargem Alegre, near Marianna) and Rio de Janeiro (Organ Moun-
tains, Valley of the Parabyba River).

*Neorhopias melanogaster (Pelzeln).* BLACK-BELLIED ANTBIRD.

Formicivora melanogaster PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 83, 154
(City of Goyaz, Goyaz, c. Brazil; types in Vienna Museum examined by
C. E. H.; descr. cf, 9); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 248, note
(Goyaz) ; JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 210 (Avanhandava, S. Paulo;
spec, examined by C. E. H.).

upper wing coverts are smaller. Wing (three males) 52, 55, 56^, (one female)
55/4', tail (male) 54-56, (female) 50; bill 14-15 mm.

This little known form requires further investigation. Besides M6netries* orig-
inal example, forwarded for my inspection many years ago by the late Valentin
Bianchi, then Curator of the Petrograd Museum, I have examined two additional
males, one obtained by J. de Godoy in 1900 at Vargem Alegre, not far from Marianna,
Minas Geraes (Museu Paulista No. 1563), and another said to be from the "Ama-
zonas, Brazil" but obviously a "Rio" skin (Mus. Comp. Zool. No. 7408). The three
specimens, practically identical inter se, closely resemble N. g. orenocensis, differing,
however, by duller, less rufous upper parts and much less white on the under sur-
face, only the lower flanks being dingy whitish or buffy grayish, while the white
tips to the lateral rectrices are rather less extensive. The type of F. deluzae, the
only female I have been able to examine, on the other hand, is exceedingly similar
to N. g. grisea but appears to have smaller buff spots on the upper wing coverts
which, however, may be due in part, at least, to its abraded condition. If I am
right in regarding F. nigricollis MENETR. (not of SWAINSON) and F. deluzae as
different sexes of the same bird, we have apparently to deal with a representative
of N. grisea, restricted to southeastern Brazil. — C. E. H.

• Neorhopias melanogaster (PELZELN) : Differs from N. grisea grisea in longer
tail, much weaker, at base decidedly narrower, bill, larger white tips to greater upper
wing coverts and in the supertiliaries being much broader, especially above the
auriculars, and produced to the sides of the neck. Besides, the male may be recog-
nized by having the scapulars black, broadly edged with white along the outer
web (.instead of smoke brown, barely fringed with whity brown) ; the teitials bioadly
margined with white (instead of narrowly edged with pale brownish); the axillars
black (instead of whitish); by the black extending down to the under tail coverts,
with the white area on the sides less extensive or even restricted to a small patch
on the lower flanks. The female differs from N. g. grisea at a glance by the under parts
being light cream buff, tinged with brownish on the flanks; the under tail coverts

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 191

Formicivora melanogastra JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 355 (Avanhan-
dava, n. S. Paulo; d* ad. in Museu Paulista examined by C. E. H.); HELL-
MAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 72 (Rio Araguaya, Goyaz; crit.); REISER,
Denkschr. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, 1910, p. 66 (P6 do Morro,
near Parnagua, Piauhy; 9 ad. in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Myiothera superciliaris (not of LICHTENSTEIN) WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3,
(2), 1831, p. 1072 (Sertao of the Prov. Bahia; descr. d" , 9 B).

Formicivora grisea (not of BODDAERT) ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2,
1889, p. 252 (part; Wied's types*); REISER, Denkschr. math, naturw. Kl.
Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, 1910, p. 66 (part; No. 434,459, d"o", Fazenda da Serra,
Rio Grande, nw. Bahia; No. 714, Parnagua, Piauhy; spec, in Vienna Museum
examined by C. E. H.).

Formicivora melanogastra bahiae HELLMAYR, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 23, 1909,
p. 65 (Lamarao, near Bahia, Prov. Bahia, e. Brazil).

Microrhopias melanogastris (sic) iliaca TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 30, Jan.
1917, p. 5 (Villa Montes, Rio Pilcomayo, Prov. Tarija, se. Bolivia; type in
Carnegie Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Eastern and central Brazil, in states of Piauhy, Ceard,
Bahia (Lamarao; Macaco Secco, near Andarahy; Cidade da Barra,
Joazeiro, Rio S. Francisco; Rio Grande), Goyaz (City of Goyaz, Rio
Araguaya), Matto Grosso (Uruciim near Corumbd), south to northern
Sao Paulo (S. Jeronymo-Avanhandava, Tie'te' district) ; eastern Bolivia,
in depts. of Santa Cruz (Monte de Basilico ; Guanacos, Prov. Cordillera) ,
Chuquisaca (Macheriti) and Tarija (Villa Montes, Rio Pilcomayo). b

6 : Brazil (Macaco Secco, near Andarahy, Bahia 2 ; Jua, near Iguatu,
Ceard 4).

black with white apical margins (instead of uniform ochraceous or buff) ; the auricu-
lars and sides of neck dull black (instead of cream buff like the cheeks) ; the inner
secondaries and scapulars broadly edged with white; the white supercih'aries much
broader, etc.— C. E. H.

• Although synonymized by J. A. Allen with N. g. grisea, Wied's excellent descrip-
tion leaves no doubt as to bis M. superciliaris being referable to N. melanogaster.

b With a very satisfactory series of twenty-five specimens before me, I do not
consider it possible to maintain either bahiae or iliaca as valid races. The alleged
subspecific characters are apparently not peculiar to any particular geographic area,
but largely, if not wholly, due to individual variation. Two males fiom the City of
Goyaz, including the type, and one from Sao Jeronymo, Rio Ti£t6, n. Sao Paulo,
have practically no white below, only a few feathers of the lower flanks being pale
grayish on their apical portion. In another male from Goyaz (Rio Araguaya) and one
from near Andarahy, c. Bahia, the sooty gray flanks are interspersed with a number
of pure white feathers. One male from Lamarao (coast region of Bahia), one from
Joazeiro (Rio Sao Francisco, Prov. Bahia), one fiom Faz. da Serra, Rio Grande
(nw. Bahia), one from Parnagua (Piauhy) and two from Ceara, on the other hand,
have the sides of breast and abdomen extensively white (very nearly as in N. g. grisea,
though less purely) with a narrow white stripe running up along sides of neck, so as
to separate the black under parts from the color of the back. Three males from
e. Bolivia (iliaca) exhibit the same variability. One from Guanacos (No. 51,558
Carnegie Museum) with only a few scattered white feathers resembles those from
Araguaya and Andarahy; in another (No. 51,582, Villa Montes, type of iliaca) the
sides of the breast and anterior abdomen are mainly white, and the third (No. 51, 574

iQ2 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Neorhopias rufa rufa (Wied). RUFOUS ANTBIRD.

Myiothera rufa WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831, p. 1095 (Interior of
Bahia; descr. 9).

Formicivora rufa SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 240 (part; descr. of
'V (= 9) (ex WIED) ; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 253
(crit. ; Wied's types — two 9 9 from Bahia — in coll. American Museum Nat.
Hist.); RIKER and CHAPMAN, Auk, 8, 1891, p. 29 (Santarem); MENEGAUX
and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 37 (part;
spec, a, b, Bahia); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 210 (part; Bahia);
REISER, Denkschr. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, 1910, p. 66 (Santa
Philomena, Serra of Philom ena, Santa Maria; Corrientes, Rio Parnahyba,
Piauhy; spec, in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.); SNETHLAGE, Journ.
Ornith., 61, 1913, p. 529 (Santarem, Monte Alegre); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi,
8, 1914, p. 288 (Rio Acara; Monte Alegre, Serra do Erere, Rio Maecuru,
spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Formicivora rufatra (not of LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) SCLATER, P. Z. S.
Lond., 26, 1858, p. 239 (part; se. Brazil, excl. Wied's reference) ; SCLATER, Cat.
Coll. Amer. B., 1862, p. 181 (Bahia); FORBES, Ibis, 1881, p. 348 (Parahyba,
ne. Brazil); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 250 (part; spec, a-f,
Pernambuco, Bahia, e. Brazil); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 286
(Rio Acara, Monte Alegre).

Ettipura rufa BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 70 (part; descr.
9 ex WIED, Bahia).

Drymophila rufa HELLMAYR, Abh. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2,
1912, p. 92 (Rio Acara).

Microrhopias rufa HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 204 (part; Bahia, lower
Amazon).

Macheriti, Chuquisaca) has as much white below as bahiae from e. Bahia to Piauhy.
Coloration of females or size do not afford reliable characters either.

MEASUREMENTS

MALES WING TAIL BILL

Two, City of Goyaz (incl. type) 54,54^ 59,6o# I3#,i4

One, Rio Araguaya, Goyaz soft 57 14^

One, Sao Jeronymo, Ti6t€, n. Sao Paulo 54 59 14

One, Andarahy, c. Bahia 56 65 # 14.

Two, Faz. da Serra, Rio Grande, nw. Bahia 54.54 55,58 13^,14

One, Parnagua, Piauhy 52 57 13

One, Joazeiro, Bahia 53 6o>£ 13

One, Lamarao, e. Bahia (type of F. m, bahiae) 51 53 13

Two, Jua, Ceard 51,52 53,57 13,13

Three, e. Bolivia (including type of M. m. iliaca) 54,56,57 62,63,65 13.^,14,14

FEMALES

One, City of Goyaz 53 58 14

Two, Rio Araguaya, Goyaz 50,52 56,57 14.* 4

One, Andarahy, c. Bahia 54 57 I3H

One, Cidade da Barra, Bahia 51 55 13

One, Parnagud, Piauhy 48 53 12^

One, Jua, Ceara 51 55 tf *3#

One Urucum, Matto Grosso 50 13

Two, e. Bolivia 57,53 57,62
— C. E. H.

BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 193

ThamnophUus griseus (not of BODDAERT) SPIX, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 29, pi. 40,
fig. i (part; descr. of alleged "9"=d* ad.; see HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2.
Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 663).

Formicivora rufa chapmani CHERRIE, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, June
1916, p. 396 (Altar do Chao, Rio Tapajdz; type examined by C. E. H.)s.

Range: Eastern Brazil, in states of Bahia, Parahyba, Piauhy, and
in Lower Amazonia, (Rio Acara, R. Tapajoz; Monte Alegre, Rio
Maecuru, north bank of Amazon).

Neorhopias rufa rufatra (Lafresnaye and D'0rbigny).b WESTERN
RUFOUS ANTBIRD.

Tamnophilus rufater LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool.,
7, cl. 2, 1837, p. 12 (Prov. Chiquitos, Moxos, e. Bolivia; types in Paris Museum
examined by C. E. H.; descr. o", 9).

Formicivora rufatra D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. mend., Ois., 1838, p. 204 (Chi-
quitos, Moxos, e. Bolivia); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 239 (part;
Bolivia); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 83 (Rio das Pedras, n. Sao Paulo;
Goyaz; Cuyaba, Matto Grosso; spec, examined by C. E. H.); REINHARDT,
Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 363 (Lagoa Santa, w. Minas
Geraes; Sao Bento de Araraquara, n. Sao Paulo); SCLATER and SALVIN,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1876, p. 16 (Maranura, se. Peru); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou,
2, 1884, p. 49 (Maranura); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 250
(part; spec, g-k, Chapada, Matto Grosso; Maranura, Peru; Bolivia); SALVA-
DORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 15, No. 378, 1900, p. 9 (Uruciim, sw. Matto Grosso).

• Birds from the lower Amazon appear to be inseparable. G. K. Cherrie was
evidently misled to redescribe the typical form, by his comparing the Tapaj6z
examples with a series from Matto Giosso representing N. r. rufatra. — C. E. H.

b Neorhopias rufa rufatra (LAFR. and D'ORB.) : Similar to N. r. rufa from the
coast region of e. Brazil, but basal portion of rectrices brown cr grayish brown, more
or less contrasting with blackish subterminal zone; upper parts generally lighter,
more of a cinnamomeous tinge; female with black streaking underneath conspicuously
narrower, especially on throat, and less extended abdominally.

Although united to N. rufa in my review of D'Orbigny's collection (Nov. Zool.,
28, 1921, p. 204), recent study of more satisfactory material leads me to regard this
form as worthy of iccognition.

Eight males and four females from Bahia and Piauhy have the tail, viewed
from below, almost blackish, the subapical portion of the rectrices being hardly,
if anything, darker than the rest; while the under parts of the females, from
the chin down to the upper belly, are heavily striped with black. Furthermoie, the
upper parts are, as a rule, decidedly deeper rufous brown than in the western bird.
One male each from Rincao (n. Sao Paulo) and Campos Novas, Matto Grosso, how-
evei, agree in this respect with those from Bahia. A single female from Corrientes,
Rio Parnahyba, n. Piauhy, probably represents an abnormal plumage; it has the
black streaking beneath even narrower than rufatra, but there is a half-concealed
black patch occupying the middle of the chest.

Birds from the State of Goyaz appear to be somewhat intermediate between
rufa and rufatra, though nearer the latter.

Material examined:

N. r. rufa: Five 0*0", one 9, Bahia; one o", three 9 9, Santa Philomena,
Piauhy; one o" Santa Maria, Pi.; one d", one 9, Corrientes, R. Parnahyba, Piauhy;
one o", Monte Alegre, one d" Rio Acara; one 9, Santarem.

194 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Formicivora nigricollis (not of SWAINSON) MENETRIES, M6m. Ac. Sci. St. P6tersb.,
(6th ser.), 3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 482, pi. 3, fig. 2 (descr. of alleged
" 9 "; spec, in Petrograd Museum examined by C. E. H.; = cf )••

Formicivora rufa (net of WIED) MENETRIES, Mem. Ac. Sci. St. P6ters., (6th
ser.), 3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 497, pi. 9, fig. i (Cuyaba, Matto Grosso;
spec, in Petrograd Museum examined by C. E. H.; = 9)m; ALLEN, Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5, 1893, p. 121 (Chapada, Matto Grosso); MENE-
GAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 37
(part; Chiquitos, Bolivia); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 210 (part;
Jaboticabal, Rincao, Itapura, Bebedouro, Avanhandava, n. Sao Paulo);
HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 372 (Humaytha, Rio Madeira); idem,
1. c., 15, 1908, p. 73 (Rio Thesouras, Rio Araguaya, Goyaz); idem, 1. c., 17,
1910, p. 363 (Humaytha); GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 136 (Albuquerque, sw. Matto
Grosso); MENEGAUX, Rev. Prang. d'Orn., 9, No. 96, 1917, p. 55 (Caceres).

Formicivora rufa rufatra BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, 1906, p. 94
(Santa Ana, Urubamba Valley, Peru).

Microrhopias rufa rufatra CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Mus., 117, 1921, p. 80 (Santa
Ana, Chauillay Bridge, Urubamba Valley, Peru).

Microrhopias rufa HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 204 (part; w. Minas,
Goyaz, Matto Grosso, n. S&o Paulo; Humaytha, Rio Madeira; e. Bolivia;
Asunci6n, Paraguay).

Range: Interior of Brazil, in states of Goyaz and Matto Grosso,
north to Humaytha, left bank of the upper Rio Madeira, south to
northern Sao Paulo and western Minas Geraes; eastern Bolivia; Para-
guay (near Asuncion); eastern Peru (Urubamba Valley).

Genus DRYMOPHILA Swainson.

Drymophila SUCH (ex Swainson Ms.), Zool. Journal, i, No. 4, Jan. 1825, p. 559 (type
by monotypy Drymophila variegata SUCH = Myothera ferruginea TEMMINCK).

Ettipura CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13, (i), 1847, p. 228 (type by subs, desig.,
SCLATER, 1890, Myothera ferruginea TEMMINCK).

Stipituropsis BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., 1901, p. 141 in text (type by mono-
typy Formicivora arechavaletae BERTONI = Myothera malura TEMMINCK).

N. r. rufatra: One cf, one 9, Chiquitos, e. Bolivia (types); one cf, Santa Ana,
Peru; two 9 9, Bernalcu6, neai Asunci6n, Paraguay; two cf cf, one 9, Cuyaba,
two cf cf four 9 9, Urucum; one cf, Descalvados, one cf, Campos Novas; one 9
Palmira, Matto Grosso; three cf cf , four 9 9 , State of Goyaz; one cf , Rincio; one
9, Sao Jeionymo; one 9 Itapura, Sao Paulo. — C. E. H.

• Three females ( = F. nigricollis " 9 " apud MENETRIES) and four males ( = F. rufa
apud MENETRIES), kindly forwarded for my inspection by the late Valentin Bianchi
of the Petrograd Museum, agiee with the western form, having a distinct blackish
subterminal tail band, and narrow stripes on under parts in the female sex. Although
merely labelled "Brazil, Langsdoiff," they were almost certainly obtained near
Cuyaba, Matto Grosso. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 195

*Drymophila ferruginea (Temminck). FERRUGINEOUS ANTBIRD.

Myothera ferruginea TEMMINCK, Rec. PI. col., livr. 22, May 1822, a pi. 132,
fig- 3 (= o* ad.) ("Br6sil," we suggest vicinity of Rio de Janeiro).

Myiothera ferruginea LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., 1823, p. 44
(Bahia; descr. of).

Formicivora ferruginea MENETRIES, M6m. Ac. Sci. St. Petersb., (6th ser.), 3,
Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 488 (Serra dos Orgaos, Prov. Rio); SCLATER,
P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 239 (se. Brazil; descr. d\ 9); PELZELN, Orn.
Bras., 2, 1868, p. 83 (Capitao Mor, Mattodentro, Ypanema, S. Paulo);
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., is, 1890, p. 252 (Bahia, se. Brazil); JHERING,
Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 1899, p. 241 (Alto da Serra, Iguape, S. Paulo); idem, 1. c.,
4, 1900, p. 158 (Cantagallo) 250 (eggs descr.); idem, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907,
p. 21 1 (Alto da Serra, Iguap6, Rio Feio, Ubatuba, S. Paulo; Ourinho, Parand) ;
HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayr., 12, No. 2, 1915, p. 148 (Victoria, Espirito
Santo); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, 1910, p. 285 (Alto Parana);
idem, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, 1914, p. 264 (Paraguay, Misiones); idem, El Horn-
ero, i, 1919, p. 264 (Puerto Segundo, Misiones).

Drymophila variegata SUCH, Zool. Journ., i, No. 4, Jan. 1825, p. 559 (vicinity
of Goaytacazes ( = Campos), Prov. Rio).

Formicivora rubricollis BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., 1901, p. 140 (Alto Parana,
Puerto Bertoni).

Ettipura ferruginea BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 71 (Serra
dos Orgaos, Rio); CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 22, 1874, p. 86 (Cantagallo,
Prov. Rio).

Drymophila ferruginea BERTONI, Faun. Parag., 1914, p. 50 (Puerto Bertoni).

Range: Wooded region of southeastern Brazil, from southern Bahia
to Parana, and adjoining portions of Paraguay (Puerto Bertoni) and
Misiones, northeastern Argentina.

3: Brazil (Victoria, Sao Paulo).

Drymophila genei (Filippi).b RUFOUS-TAILED ANTBIRD.

Formicivora genei FILIPPI, Mus. Mediolan., i, 1847, p. 9, 31 ("Brasilia ?"; type
examined by C. E. H.); SALVADOR:, Atti Ace. Sci. Torino, 3, 1868, p. 268
(crit.); PELZELN, Nunquam otios., 2, 1874, P- 29* (crit.; Novo Friburgo,
Prov. Rio; spec, in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.).

• The above date may not be absolutely correct, but anyhow the text of livr.
22 was published earlier than LICHTENSTEIN'S Verzeichniss der Dubletten," the
preface of which is dated "September 1823." See STRESEMANN, Anzeiger Orn.
Ges. Bayern, No. 7, 1922, p. 55.

b Drymophila genei (FILIPPI): This very distinct species differs from D. ochro-
pyga (HELLMAYR) in its longer, uniform rufous tail; rufous brown (instead of slate
gray) outer webs of remiges (without trace of white edging at tip) ; deeper cinnamon
rufous rump and upper tail coverts (the latter being fulvous, tipped with white,
preceded by a distinct black subapical band in D. ochropyga), and decidedly paler,
olive-fulvous flanks. Besides, the ground color of the under parts in the male sex is
grayish white (instead of pure white), the black striping of the throat is narrower
as well as more densely set, while the foreneck and breast, in lieu of being longi-

196 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Formicivora genaei SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 253 (se. Brazil;
descr. c?); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, 1900, p. 158 (Novo Friburgo).

Formicivora erythrocerca SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 240, pi. 142 ("Bra-
zil?"; type, now in Brit. Mus., examined by C. E. H.; = o" ad.); JHERING,
Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 211 (Itatiaya, Prov. Rio, descr. 9 ; spec, examined
by C. E. H.); LODERWALDT, Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Syst., 27, No. 4, 1909, p. 350
(Campo Itatiaya, Rio).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, in State of Rio de Janeiro (Novo
Friburgo, Campo do Itatiaya).'

Drymophila ochropyga (Hellmayr). OCHRE-RUMPED ANTBIRD.

Formicivora malura (not of TEMMINCK) MENETRIES, Mgm. Ac. Sci. St. P6ters.,
(6th ser.), 3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat)., 1835, P- 496 (part, 9 ; spec, in Petrograd
Museum examined by C. E. H.; "Diamantina, Minas Geraes"b, locality
doubtless erroneous).

Ellipura striata (not Thamnophilus striatus SPIX) BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers.
Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 69 (descr. 9 ; ex MENETRIES).

Formicivora genei (not FILIPPI) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 239 (descr.
d", 9 ; se. Brazil); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 83 (Ypanema, S. Paulo;
spec, in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Formicivora striata (not Thamnophilus striatus SPIX) SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer.
B., 1862, p. 182 (Brazil, "Bahia"); SALVADORI, Atti. Accad. Sci. Torino, 3,
1868, p. 269 (crit.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 252 (se. Brazil;
descr. <f, 9); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 1899, p. 242 (Alto da Serra,
Iguape", S. Paulo); idem, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 211 (Ypiranga, Iguapd,
Alto da Serra).

Formicivora ochropyga PELZELN, Nunq. otios., a, 1874, P- 29* (nom. nud.);
HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, May 1906, p. 663
(nom. nov. for Formicivora striata (not of SPIX) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 252; type locality Ypanema, S. Paulo).

Drymophila richmondi CORY, Auk, 36, 1919, p. 88 (new name for Formicivora
striata SCLATER (nee SPIX), Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 252).

tudinally striped with black, are marked with squamate, subapical cross bands,
becoming evanescent towards the belly; in the female, the blackish shaft streaks on
foreneck and chest, so conspicuous a feature in ochropyga, are hardly suggested by
some olive freckles. Wing (three cfcf) 55-57, (one 9) 53; tail 67-69, (9) 65; bill
E. H.

• Two males from Itatiaya agree with the types of F. genei and F. erythrocerca and
two adults from Rio de Janeiro (Coll. Alex. Frey) in the British Museum except for
their somewhat longer tail (74-76), the lateral feathers of which have a dusky sub-
apical spot succeeded by a pale rufescent apical fringe. Both appeal- to be immature.

There is no record of this species for Sao Paulo or Minas Geraes proper. Jhering
(Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 1899, p. 242; Cat. F. Braz., I, 1907, p. 211) admits it in the
fauna of Sao Paulo on Pelzeln's authority. Formicivora genei apud PELZELN, how-
ever, turns out to be D. ochropyga. — C. E. H.

b The original label of the specimen, which agrees exactly with MENETRIES'
description of the female and other examples from Victoria, Sao Paulo, reads: "Myo-
thera malura NATT. TEMM. 353, 2. 9, Brazil. Langsdorff." It is more likely to have
been.secured in the vicinity of Rio de Janeiro. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 197

Range: Forest region of southeastern Brazil, in states of Sao Paulo
(Ypanema, Victoria, Ypiranga, Iguape", Alto da Serra) and Rio de
Janeiro)."

Drymophila devillei devillei (Menegaux and Hellmayr).b DEVILLE'S
ANTBIRD.

Formicivora devillei MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (gth
ser.), 8, 1906, p. 38 ("ne. Peru [Pebas or Nauta]," errore! the type came
from the Prov. Cuzco, se. Peru, although the exact locality cannot be ascer-
tained; descr. o" ad., juv.).

Drymophila devillei devillei CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 2, Jan. 1921, p. 4
(Jatumpampa, Mission San Antonio, Rio Chimor6, n. Bolivia).

Drymophila phantatis CHERRIE, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, June 1916,
p. 396 (Jatumpampa, Todos Santos Trail, Prov. Cochabamba, n. Bolivia;
type in Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Northern Bolivia (in Prov. Cochabamba, on the head-
waters of the Rio Mamore") and adjoining parts of southeastern Peru.

Drymophila devillei subochracea Chapman." CURUA ANTBIRD.

Drymophila devillei subochraceus CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 2, Jan. 1921,
p. 4 (Rio Curua, a tributary of the lower Xingti River).

Range : Northern Brazil, on the Rio Curud, a tributary of the lower
Xingii River.

Drymophila caudata caudata (Sclater). LONG-TAILED ANTBIRD.

Formicivora caudata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 22, "1854," publ. Jan. 1855, p. 254
pi. 74 ("Bogota" coll.; descr. o", 9 ), 147 (Bogota); idem, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 67
("Rio Napo"), 240 (New Granada = Bogota; descr. cf, 9); idem, 1. c., 27,
1859, p. 142 (Pallatanga, w. Ecuador); SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1879,
p. 525 (Santa Elena, Antioquia); BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1884,
p. 302 (Cayandeled, Chaguarpata, Surupata, w. Ecuador); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 253 (part; Bogota, Santa Elena, Colombia; "Monji,"

• A male in the Tring and a female in the Paris museums, examined by C. E. H.

b Drymophila devillei devillei (MENEG. and HELLM.): Adult male nearest to D. c.
caudata, but tail entirely black tipped with white (instead of being olive gray, with
a broad black sub terminal band preceding the white tips), and the median pair of
rectrices with four distinct white marginal spots on either web; besides, the stripes
on the back and the apical spots on the upper wing coverts are pure white instead
of buff, the edges to the primaries hoary white, not buff. Female differs by having the
stripes on the pileum and back as well as the markings on the wing coverts bright
buff; by lacking the white interscapular patch; and by the light buff (instead of
white) under surface and sides of the head, with the chest stripes somewhat nar-
rower, and the flanks paler ochraceous. Wing (o*1 ad.) 54; tail 67; bill 14. — C. E. H.

0 Drymophila devillei subochracea CHAPMAN: "Similar to D. d. devillei, but both
sexes with entire under parts ochraceous buff, paler on throat and middle of abdomen,
deeper on breast and flanks: outer margins of inner wing quills more ochraceous;
female with ochraceous streaking of upper parts and wing coverts somewhat deeper."
(Chapman, 1. c.) Unknown to the authors.

198 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

"Rio Napo," Pallatanga, Ecuador); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 65 (Milli-

galli, "Gualea",8 w. Ecuador); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom.

Paris, (9th ser.), 8, 1906, p. 38 (Bogota, Antioquia; Gualea, w. Ecuador);

MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. gfegr. Mes. Arc. M€rid. Equat., 9, 1911, p. B 33

(Gualea).
Drymophila caudata caudata CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917,

p. 378 (Las Lomitas, Cocal, Gallera, w. Andes; Salento, Santa Elena, El

Eden, c. Andes, Colombia).
Drymophila caudata striaticeps CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 31,

1912, p. 145 (above Salento, Cauca, c. Andes of Colombia).
Drymophila caudata occidentalis DOMANIEWSKI and STOLZMANN, Discipl. Biol.

Archiv. Soc. Sci. Varsav., i, No. 8, 1922, p. — (Sep. p. 2) (Surupata,

w. Ecuador).

Range: Subtropical zone of the Andes of Colombia (all three
ranges) and Ecuador (both slopes). b

Drymophila caudata peruviana Domaniewski and Stolzmann." PERU-
VIAN LONG-TAILED ANTBIRD.

Drymophila caudata peruviana DOMANIEWSKI and STOLZMANN, Discipl. Biol.

Archiv. Soc. Scient. Varsav., i, No. 8, 1922, p. — (Sep. p. 3) (Garita del Sol,

Dept. Junin, c. Peru).
Formicivora caudata (not of SCLATER) BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S.

Lond., 1896, p. 382 (Garita del Sol).

Range: Central Peru, in Dept. Junin (Garita del Sol, Chilpes).

• There is no specimen from Gualea in the Tring Museum, but there is in the
Goodfellow Collection, besides the one from Milligalli, one male from Intac and
one from "below Mindo." — C. E. H.

b I am quite unable to detect any constant difference between three males
from "Bogota," two from Santa Elena, Antioquia, two from Bafios, e. Ecuador,
and four from w. Ecuador (Intac, Mindo, "Quito"). In unworn plumage the median,
like the lateral portion of the pileum, is plainly streaked with white in both Col-
ombian and Ecuadorian examples. In opposition to Domaniewski and Stolzmann's
statement, Ecuadorian males have the ground color of the throat and foreneck pure
white (not "fauve"), like those from Colombia, and while their tails may be on an
average slightlv shorter, this difference should be confirmed by a good series before
admitting occidentalis as entitled to recognition.

MEASUREMENTS

WING TAIL

Three d" o* from "Bogota" 55-57 75-77

Two o" o" from Santa Elena 55,56 76,79

Two o* o" from Bafios, e. Ecuador 56,56 74,77

Four d* c? from w. Ecuador 53-55 7*

Three 9 9 from Bafios, e. Ecuador 52-54 72.^,73,74

One 9 from Milligalli, w. Ecuador 51 68

— C. E. H.

0 Drymophila caudata peruviana DOM AN. and STOLZM. : This form, unknown to
the authors, is stated to differ from D. c. caudata by smaller size, wider white stripes
on pileum and sides of head, and paler, also less extended ochraceous color of the
abdomen. The dimensions, as given by the describers (wing [c?] 54^, [9] 54;
tail 73, 72^) are, however, not different from those of caudata. F. M. Chapman
(in litt.) considers it inseparable.— C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 199

Drymophila caudata hellmayri Todd* SANTA MARTA LONG-TAILED
ANTBIRD.

Drymophila caudata hellmayri TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 28, 1915, p. 80
(Cincinnati, Santa Marta district; type in Carnegie Museum examined by
C. E. H.); TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 1922, p. 306 (Cin-
cinnati, Las Vegas, Pueblo Viejo, Chirua, Heights of Chirua).

Formicivora caudata (not of SCLATER) BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, 1898,
p. 176 (Palomina); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 13, 1900, p. 160
(Minca).

Drymophila caudata BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, 1899, p. 100 (Chirua,
La Concepcion, San Francisco, Santa Cruz, San Antonio, San Miguel).

Range : Santa Marta district, northern Colombia.

Drymophila caudata klagesi Hellmayr and Seilern* VENEZUELAN

LONG-TAILED ANTBIRD.

Drymophila caudata klagesi HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A,
Heft 5, Sept. 1912, p. 127 (Los Palmales, Bermudez [type]; Las Quiguas,
Carabobo, n. Venezuela).

Formicivora caudata (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
P- 253 (part; spec, k, Venezuela).

Range: Coast range of Venezuela, in states of Bermudez (Los
Palmales, Quebrada Secca, La Tigrera), Dept. Federal Occidental
(Loma Redonda, north of Caracas) and State of Carabobo (Las Qui-
guas near San Esteban).

Drymophila malura (Temminck}. DUSKY-TAILED ANTBIRD.

Myothera malura (Natterer Ms.) TEMMINCK, Rec. PI. col., livr. 59, June 1825,
pl- 353. %• i (c?)» 2(9) ("au Br&il, dans le district d'Ypan&na," Prov.
Sao Paulo).

Formicivora malura MENETRIES, Mem. Ac. Sci. St. Pdters., (6thser.),3, Part 2 (Sci.
Nat.), 1835, p. 496 (part; descr. of d" = o* juv.; "Diamantina, Minas Geraes,"
locality doubtless erroneous); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lend., 26, 1858, p. 241
(Ypanema, S. Paulo; descr. o", 9); PELZELN, Om. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 83
(Ypanema); idem, Nunq. otios., 2, 1874, p. 291 (Novo Friburgo, Prov. Rio);

• Drymophila caudata hellmayri TODD: Similar to D. c. caudata, but male with
middle of crown and nape uniform black, without white streaks; tail more olivaceous,
less grayish. Wing 56; tail 76; bill 14. Female undescribed. — C. E. H.

b Drymophila caudata klagesi HELLM. and SEIL. : Male similar to D. c. hellmayri
in plain black middle of crown, but with throat and foreneck, instead of being regu-
larly striped, nearly uniform white; black streaking of breast reduced in extent;
middle cf lower breast and abdomen extensively white; edges of dorsal feathers pure
white instead of buff; female distinguished from D. c. caudata by more grayish buff
edges on back, and much paler under parts, the lower breast and abdomen being
creamy white instead of buff, the flanks and tail coverts lighter ochraceous, the throat
and foreneck pure white, unstreaked, while there is but a narrow zone of blackish
shaft streaks across the chest. Wing (eleven 0*0" ad.) 55-57, (seven 99) 50-54;
tail (c?1) 70-78, (9) 72-80; bill 13-14.— C. E. H.

200 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

BERLEPSCH and JHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, 1885, p. 150 (Taquara, Rio
Grande do Sul); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 254 (se. Brazil);
JEERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 1899, p. 243 (Piquete, Iporanga, Ypiranga);
idem, 1. c., 4, 1900, p. 158 (Novo Friburgo); idem, Annuario Est. Rio Grande
do Sul para o anno 1900, 1899, p. 130 (Mundo Novo); idem, Cat. F. Braz.,
I, 1907, p. 212 (Piquete, Ypiranga, Estacao do Rio Grande, Iporanga, Itar-
ar6, Alto da Serra, S. Paulo); CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 522 (Sapucay, Paraguay);
BERTONI, Seg. Contrib. Omit. Parag. in: Revista Inst. Parag., 1907, p. —
(Sep. p. 7) (Misiones; crit.); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18,
1910, p. 429 (Misiones); idem, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, 1914, p. 327 (Paraguay,
Misiones).

Ellipura malura BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 68 (Ypanema,
Rio de Janeiro).

Formicivora Arechavaletae BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., 1901, p. 141 (Alto Parand,
Paraguay; = d* juv.).

Drymophila malura BERTONI, Faun. Parag., 1914, p. 50 (Puerto Bertoni, Iguassti).

Range: Forest region of southeastern Brazil, from Rio de Janeiro
to Rio Grande do Sul; Paraguay (Sapucay, Puerto Bertoni, Alto
Parana) and adjoining portion of Misiones, northeastern Argentina.

*Drymophila squamata squamata (Lichtenstein) . SCALED ANTBIRD.

Myiothera squamata LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., 1823, p. 44
(Bahia; descr. o", 9).

Formicivora squamata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 241 (se. Brazil;
descr. o", 9); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 84 (part; Bahia); SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 254 (descr. and hab. part; Bahia); LIMA,
Rev. Mus. Paul., 12, 2, 1920, p. 99 (Ilh6os to Belmonte, s. Bahia).

Formicivora maculata SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., 2, No. 6, July 1825, p. 147 ("Min-
ing District of Brazil"; descr. d").»

Range: Coast region of State of Bahia, eastern Brazil, from Ilhe'os
south at least to Caravellas; Minas Geraes (?).«

i: Brazil (Bahia i).

Drymophila squamata stictocorypha (Boucard and Berlepsch).b SOUTH-
ERN SCALED ANTBIRD.

Formicivora stictocorypha BOUCARD and BERLEPSCH, The Humming Bird, 2,
No. 6, June 1892, p. 44 (Porto Real, Prov. Rio de Janeiro; type, now in
Paris Museum, examined by C. E. H.).

• A single male from "Minas Geraes" (without any further locality) in the Tring
Museum, while somewhat intermediate between squamata and stictocorypha in
markings of crown, is nearer the typical race with which it also agrees in the more
whitish abdomen.— -C. E. H.

b Drymophila squamata stictocorypha (Bouc. and BERL.) : Male differs from that
of D. s. squamata by having the entire pileum spotted with white, and the middle of
the lower belly decidedly darker gray (not grayish black, as stated in the original

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 201

Formicivora squamata stictocorypha MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR.BU!!. Soc. Philom.

Paris, (9th ser.), 8, 1906, p. 38 (type from Porto Real; crit.); JEERING, Cat. F.

Braz., i, 1907, p. 213 (Porto Real, "Rio Tocantins, State of Goyaz," errore!).
Formicivora maculata (not of SWAINSON) MENETRIES, M6m. Ac. Sci. St. P6tersb.f

(6th ser.), 3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 494, pi. 5, fig. i (Rio de Janeiro).
Formicivora squamata (not of LICHTENSTEIN) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868,

p. 84 (part; Sapitiba, Rio; spec, examined by C. E. H.); REINHARDT, Vidensk.

Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 364 (Aldea da Pedra, Rio); PELZELN,

Nunq. otios., 2, 1874, P- 29J (Novo Friburgo, Rio); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.

Mus., 15, 1890, p. 254 (part); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 1899, p. 243

(Iguap6, S. Paulo); idem, 1. c., 4, 1900, p. 158 (Cantagallo, Novo Friburgo);

idem, Cat. F. Braz., I, 1907, p. 213 (Iguap6, Ubatuba, S. Paulo; Rio Doce,

Espirito Santo).
Ellipura squamata BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 70 (Rio de

Janeiro ; nesting habits) ; CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 22, 1874,?. 86 (Cantagallo).

Range: Coast region of southeastern Brazil, in states of Espirito
Santo,* Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo.

Genus TERENURA Cabanis and Heine.

Terenura CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Heinean., 2, 1859, p. n (type by mono-
type Myiothera maculata WIED).

Phyllobates BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., 1901, p. 142 (type Phyllobates ery-
ihronotus BERTONI = Myiothera maculata WIED).

Terenura maculata (Wied). CHESTNUT-MANTLED ANT WREN.

Myiothera maculata WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831, p. 1088 (se. Brazil,
no locality specified, we suggest Rio de Janeiro; descr. cf, 9 ).

Leptorhynchus striolatus MENETRIES, M6m. Ac. Sci. St. P6tersb., (6th ser.),
3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 517, pi. 10, fig. 2 (Rio de Janeiro) ; CHROSTOW-
SKI, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., I, 1921, p. 25 (type in Petrograd
Museum).

Ramphocaenus maculatus BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 73
(Rio de Janeiro).

Formicivora maculata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 242 (Rio; descr. o", 9 ).

Terenura maculata SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862, p. 183 (Brazil); PEL-
ZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 84 (Registo do Sai, Rio de Janeiro); CABANIS,
Journ. Ornith., 22, 1874, P- 85 (Cantagallo, Rio); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 254 (Wied's types); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,

description). In D. s. squamata, on the other hand, there is only a row of white
spots along the lateral parts of the pileum, while the center is uniform black; the
lower belly appears mainly white, scarcely with slight grayish suffusion. Wing
(of type) 55 ; tail 52 ; bill 14.

This is a rather ill-defined race, of which I should like to see a better series.
However, with one exception (male from Sapitiba), all Rio examples examined differ
in the above-mentioned way from five males from Bahia. — C. E. H.

• According to Jhering. No Espirito Santo specimens examined by the authors.

202 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

1890, p. 257 (se. Brazil); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, 1900, p. 158 (Canta-
gallo); idem, 1. c., 6, 1905, p. 355 (Sao Sebastiao, Avanhandava, S. Paulo);
idem, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 213 (S. Sebastiao, Avanhandava, Rio Feio,
Ubatuba, S. Paulo; Rio Doce, Espirito Santo; Paraguay); DABBENE, Anal.
Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, 1910, p. 285 (Alto Parana); idem, Bol. Soc.
Physis, i, 1914, p. 177 (Iguazii, Misiones); BERTONI, Faun. Parag., 1914,
p. 51 (Puerto Bertoni).

Phyllobates erythronotus BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., 1901, p. 142 (Alto Parana,
e. Paraguay).'

Range: Wooded region of southeastern Brazil, from Espirito Santo
to Santa Catharina,b and adjoining districts of eastern Paraguay (Alto
Parana"), and Misiones, northeastern Argentina (Iguazu).

Terenura callinota (Sclater)." RUFOUS-RUMPED ANT WREN.

Formicivora callinota SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 89, pi. 96 ("Bogota"
coll.; type in British Museum examined by C. E. H.; descr. o" ad.), 147
(Bogota); idem, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 242 (Bogota).

Terenura callinota TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 118
(Pallatanga, w. Ecuador); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 257
(Nanegal, w. Ecuador; Bogota; Calobre, Veragua; descr. o"); SALVIN and
GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 213 (part; Veraguas, Bogota,
Nanegal; excl. Peru); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 84
(part; Calobre, Veragua, through Colombia [Bogota] to Nanegal and Palla-
tanga, w. Ecuador); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 378
(Aguadita, near Fusugasuga, Colombia).

Range : Panama (Calobre, Veragua) ; Colombia (Bogota ; Aguadita,
near Fusugasuga) and western Ecuador (Pallatanga, Nanegal).

Terenura humeralis Sclater and Salvin* CHESTNUT-SHOULDERED

ANT WREN.

Terenura humeralis SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1880, p. 159 (Sarayacu,
e. Ecuador; types in Brit. Mus. examined by C. E. H.); idem, Ibis, 1881,

• A female topotype in the Museu Paulista, examined by C. E. H., agrees
perfectly with others from se. Brazil. — C. E. H.

b An adult male obtained by Carl Lehl at Blumenau and preserved in the
Berlepsch Collection.— C. E. H.

• Terenura callinota (SCLATER): The male is characterized by golden yellow
bend of wing, bright olive yellow abdomen, and by having a number of black
streaks or spots on that portion of the middle back, adjoining the light chestnut
rump. Wing (five cf o" ad.) 51-56; tail 40-46; bill 13-14. Material examined: Three
d" o* Bogotd, including the type; one Calobre, Veragua; one near Nanegal, Ecuador.
No female seen. — C. E. H.

d Terenura humeralis SCLATER and SALVIN: Male differs from T. callinota by
chestnut (instead of golden yellow) bend of wing; absence of black streaks on middle
back; darker chestnut rump; pale grayish abdomen, but slightly tinged with pale
yellowish on flanks and under tail coverts; shorter tail. Female differs by having the
pileum brownish (instead of black), the bend of the wing dark olive green, the throat
buffy, and the lower belly bright olive yellow. Wing (two o" cf from Sarayacu)
y>lA, 52, (one cf from Pebas) 49; tail 38, 34, 35; bill 13-14. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY.

203

p. 270, pi. 9, fig. 2 (o"), 3(9) (Sarayacu); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 258 (Sarayacu); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 65 (Papallacta, e. Ecua-
dor; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Terenura callinota (not of SCLATER) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 53Q
(Ropaybamba, c. Peru; one 9); idem, Orn. PSrou, 2, 1884, p. 52 (descr. of
d" from Pebas, examined in Paris Museum by C. E. H., of 9 from Ropay-
bamba, Peru); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 84 (part;
Ropaybamba, Peru).

Range: From eastern Ecuador (Sarayacu, Papallacta) south to
northern and central Peru (Pebas, Rio Maranon; Ropaybamba, Dept.
Junin).

Terenura sharpei Berlepsch.* YELLOW-RUMPED ANT WREN.

Terenura sharpei BERLEPSCH, Journ. Ornith., 49, Jan. 1901, p. 97 (Quebrada onda,

e. Yungas, Bolivia; type in Berlepsch Collection examined by C. E. H.;

descr. o" ad.).
Terenura xanthonota CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 14, Sept. 1901,

p. 228 (Inca Mine [ = Santo Domingo], Marcapata district, se. Peru).

Range: Northern Bolivia (Yungas of Cochabamba) and south-
eastern Peru (Marcapata district).

Terenura spodioptila spodioptila Sclater and Salving ASH-WINGED

ANT WREN.

Terenura spodioptila SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis, 1881, p. 270, pi. 9, fig. i ( = d" )

. (Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana; type in British Museum examined by C. E. H.;

descr. d"); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 426 (Bartica Grove, Camacusa); SCLATER,

Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 258 (same localities); BERLEPSCH and HART-

ERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 75 (Suapure, Caura R.f Venezuela; spec, in Tring

• Terenura sharpei BERLEPSCH: Male agrees with T. callinota in golden yellow
bend of wing, but differs by having the rump and a stripe along the middle of the
back sulphur yellow, laterally bordered with black, and the abdomen deeper, more
greenish yellow. Wing 54; tail 45. Female unknown. — C. E. H.

b Terenura spodioptila spodioptila SCL. and SALV. : Male similar to T. humeralis
and like this species with chestnut rump; but the feathers on the bend of the wing
are black, edged with slate gray, instead of uniform chestnut, the flanks lack the
yellowish tinge, while the axillaiies and under wing coverts are pure white, instead
of pale yellowish.

A male from Suapure, Caura, differs from two Guianan ones by having the tips of
some of the upper wing coverts washed with buff (instead of pure white), while the
female is more rufescent on the forehead, less grayish on hindneck and upper tail
coverts, and darker brownish buff on throat and foreneck.

MEASUREMENTS

WING TAIL BILL

Two o" o" ad. from British Guiana 50,50 38,39 13^14

One c? from Suapure, Venezuela 50 38 >£ 14

One 9 from Camacusa, British Guiana 48 37

One 9 from Suapure, Venezuela 50 39

— C. E. H.

204 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Museum examined by C. E. H.); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2,
1916, p. 286 (Suapure); BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, i, 1917, p. 132 (Bartica);
CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 42 (Bartica, Camacusa).

Range: British Guiana (Bartica Grove, Camacusa) and eastern
Venezuela (Suapure, Caura River).

Terenura spodioptila elaopteryx Leverkuhn.* CAYENNE ASH-WINGED
ANT WREN.

Terenura elaopteryx LEVERKUHN, Journ. Ornith., 37, 1889, p. 107 (Cayenne;

type, now in Berlin Museum, examined by C. E. H.; descr. d*); BERLEPSCH,

Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 156 (Cayenne).
Terenura elaeopteryx SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 289 (Rio Jary,

S. Antonio da Cachoeira, n. Brazil; one 9).

Range: French Guiana (Cayenne) and northeastern Brazil, north
bank of the lower Amazon (Rio Jary).

Genus PSILORHAMPHUS Sclater.b

Leptorhynchus (not of GUERIN, 1830) MENETRIES, M6m. Ac. Sci. St. Pe"tersb.,
(6th ser.), 3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 515 (type L. guttatus MENETRIES).

Psilorhamphus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, July 1855, p. 90 (type Leptorhynchus
guttatus MENETRIES).

Psilorhamphus guttatus (Menttrtts). SPOTTED ANT WREN.

Leptorhynchus guttatus MENETRIES, M6m. Ac. Sci. St. PStersb., (6th ser.), 3,
Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 516, pi. 10, fig. i ("Cuyaba, coll. Langsdorff";
the locality probably refers to the gold mine "Cuyaba" near Sabara, Minas
Geraes', and not to the capital of Matto Grosso; type in Petrograd Museum
examined by C. E. H.); CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., I,
1921, p. 24 (note on type).

Ramphocaenus guttatus BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 73
(ex MENETRIES).

Psilorhamphus guttatus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 243 ("Cuyabd";
descr.); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862, p. 183 (Brazil); idem, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 259 (se. Brazil); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 214
("Matto Grosso").

• Terenura spodioptila elaopteryx LEVERKOHN: Male differs from typical
spodioptila (two from British Guiana, one from Suapure compared) in paler, more
whitish under parts, and decidedly olive green (instead of slate gray) edges to the
remiges. The type is a skin of the unmistakable Cayenne "make." The validity of
this race requires confirmation by a series from French Guiana. — C. E. H.

b I am altogether uncertain as to the systematic position of this peculiar bird.
While it closely agrees with Neorhopias in shape of wing and tail, the structure of
the bill and nostrils, together with certain color characters, such as the white dots
on the upper parts and the dusky cross-lines on the flanks, suggest Troglodytine
affinities.— C. E. H.

• See REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren.,i870, p. 366, in text.

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 205

Range: Wooded region of southeastern Brazil, in states of Rio de
Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and (?) Minas Geraes.«

Genus RAMPHOCAENUS Viefflot."

Ramphocaenus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 29, 1819, p. 5

(type Ramphocaenus melanurus VIEILLOT).
Acontistes SUNDEVALL, Kgl. Vetensk. Ak. Handl. for 1835, 1836, p. 95 (type

Troglodytes rectirostris SWAINS. = Ramphocaenus melanurus VIEILL.).
Scolopacinus BONAPARTE, P. Z. S. Lond., 5, "1837," publ. June 1838, p. 118

(type Scolopacinus ruftoentris BONAPARTE).

Ramphocaenus melanurus melanurus Vieillot. STRAIGHT-BILLED
ANT WREN.

Ramphocaenus melanurus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. ecL, 29,
1819, p. 6 ("Br6sil"; the type in the Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.,
was obtained by Delalande, junior, in the vicinity of Rio de Janeiro) ; idem
and OUDART, Galerie Ois., i, (2), p. 204, pi. 128 (fig. of type); BURMEISTER,
Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 72 (Bahia); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1867, p. 576 (Capim River; spec, examined by C. E. H.); ALLEN,
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 254 (note on Wied's type); MENE-
GAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, foth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 42
(note on type).

Troglodytes rectirostris SWAINSON, Zool. 111., (ist ser.), 3, 1822, pi. 140 (Brazil).

Thryothorus gladiator WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831, p. 751 (se. Brazil,
locality not specified).

Ramphocaenus melanurus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 243 (se. Brazil;
Para); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 84 (part, Bahia; spec, in Vienna
Museum examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Ibis, 1883, p. 94 (monogr.; se. Bra-
zil, Bahia, R. Capim); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 260 (Bahia,
Pernambuco, Rio Capim; spec, examined by C. E. H.); JHERING, Rev. Mus.
Paul., 3, 1899, p. 243 (Iguapfi, S. Paulo; spec, examined by C. E. H.); idem,
Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 214 (Iguape, Alto da Serra, Ubatuba, S. Paulo;
Rio Doce, Esp. Santo); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 286 (Para);
idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 290 (Para, Mocajatuba, Ananindeua,
Benevides, Rio Guama; Mazagao, Baiao, right bank of R. Tocantins).

• Besides the type, I have examined two additional specimens: an adult of the
well-known "Rio" make in the British Museum, and a male secured by J. L. Lima
at Ypiranga, Sao Paulo, on November i, 1913, forming part of the Zoological
Museum, Munich (No. 14.1009).

MEASUREMENTS

WING TAIL TARS. BILL

Type of L. guttatus MENETR. 49 55 24^ 15^

Adult from Rio 52 57 23 17

Male from Ypiranga 49 58 23 15

Graduation of tail 30.— C. E. H.

bAs will be shown by Mr. W. DeW. Miller in a paper shortly to be published,
the genera Ramphocaenus and Microbates constitute a separate family.

2o6 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Ramphocaenus melanurus melanurus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 373
(diagn.; Rio de Janeiro, Iguap6, S. Paulo; Bahia, Pernambuco, Capim River,
Para); idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912,
p. 47 (Ipitinga), 92 (Para localities); LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12, (2), 1920,
p. 99 (Ilh£os-Belmonte, s. Bahia).

Range: Coast region of eastern Brazil, in states of Para (west to
the right bank of the Tocantins), Pernambuco, Bahia, Espirito Santo,
Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo.'

Ramphocaenus melanurus trinitatis Lesson* NORTHERN STRAIGHT-
BILLED ANT WREN.

Ramphocaenus trinitatis LESSON, Rev. Zool., 2, 1839, P- 42 ("in insula Trinitatis";
locality possibly erroneous).*

Rhamphocaenus melanurus (not of VIEILLOT) LEOTAUD, Ois. Trinidad, p. 168
(Trinidad); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 84 (part, Rio Amajau; spec,
examined by C. E. H.); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 79
(Munduapo, Nericagua, R. Orinoco; Suapure, La Pricion, R. Caura; spec,
examined by C. E. H.).

Ramphocaenus melanurus trinitatis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 6,
1894, p. 526 (Princestown, Trinidad); PHELPS, Auk, 14, 1897, p. 365 (Cuman-
acoa, S. Antonio, Bermudez); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 32 (Caparo,
Trinidad); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 373 (diag. ; hab. part, Trinidad; Venezuela,
Orinoco-Caura region, Bermudez; Rio Meta, Colombia; Rio Napo, e. Ecua-
dor; R. Amajau, nw. Brazil); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2,
1916, p. 292 (Munduapo, Nericagua, Orinoco; Suapure, Maripa, Caura R.);
CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 379 (Buena Vista, se. Col-
ombia).

Rhamphocaenus albiventris (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, Ibis, 1883, p. 95 (part;
Sarayacu, e. Ecuador); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 261 (part;
spec, h, Sarayacu).

Range: Trinidad; northeastern and southern Venezuela (La Tig-
rera, Quebrada Secca, San Antonio, Cumanacoa, Cristobal Colon,
Paria Peninsula, State of Bermudez; Suapure, La Pricion, Maripa,
Caura River; Munduapo, Nericagua, Orinoco River); northwestern
Brazil (Rio Amajau, an affluent of the Rio Negro) ; eastern Colombia

• Eleven specimens (2 Iguapfi, Sao Paulo, i Rio de Janeiro, 5 Bahia, i Pernam-
buco, i Capim, i Ipitinga, Rio Acara) examined by C. E. H.

b Ramphocaenus melanurus trinitatis LESSON: Differs from R. m. melanurus in
having the back smoke or earthy brown, in decided contrast to the russet brown
crown, and the sides of the head and neck deep ochraceous.

« It appears extremely doubtful if the name trinitatis really refers to the present
form. The passage "infra niveo, lateralibus griseis" tallies much better with the
characters of the Guianan race (albiventris). Unfortunately, I have not been able
to trace the whereabouts of the type, if it still exists. It is not in the Paris Museum .
~ E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 207

( Villa vicencio, Buena Vista, Rio Meta); eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo,
Sarayacu).a

Ramphocaenus melanurus pallidus Todd.b PALLID STRAIGHT-BILLED
ANT WREN.

Ramphocaenus melanurus pallidus TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 26, Aug. 1913,

p. 172 (El Hacha, Bolivar Railroad, State of Lara, nw. Venezuela; type in

Carnegie Museum examined by C. E. H.).
Rhamphocaenus melanurus (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S.

Lond., 1868, p. 628 (San Esteban; spec, examined).
Rhamphocaenus albiventris SCLATER, Ibis, 1883, p. 95 (part; S. Esteban); idem,

Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 261 (part; spec, a, S. Esteban, erroneously

given as type).
Ramphocaenus melanurus trinitatis (not of LESSON) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14,

1907, p. 373 (crit.; part. S. Esteban); HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg.,

78, A, Heft 5, 1912, p. 128 (S. Esteban).

Range : Coast region of northwestern Venezuela, in states of Cara-
bobo (San Esteban, El Trompillo, Sierra de Carabobo) and Lara
(El Hacha, Aroa, Bolivar Railroad).

Ramphocaenus melanurus albiventris Sdater.6 WHITE-BELLIED
STRAIGHT-BILLED ANT WREN.

Rhamphocaenus albiventris SCLATER, Ibis, (sth ser.), i, 1883, p. 95 (part; type
from Surinam in Brit. Mus. examined by C. E. H. ; see HELLMAYR, Nov.
Zool., 14, 1907, p. 67, 374); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 426 (Bartica Grove, Cama-
cusa); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 53 (part; descr. of cf from Cay-
enne); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 261 (part; spec, b-e, Bartica
Grove, Camacusa, Quonga, Brit. Guiana; Surinam); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 290 (S. Antonio da Cachoeira, Rio Jary, n. Brazil); BEEBE,
Trop. Wild Life, i, 1917, p. 132 (Bartica); CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, a,
1912, p. 43 (Brit. Guiana).

* There is much individual variation in the amount of ochraceous underneath.
Birds from Trinidad, the Caura and Orinoco basin generally have the lower parts
more strongly washed with ochraceous buff across chest and along sides than those
from Bermudez. Two from Trinidad, one female from La Pricion, Caura, and a male
from the Rio Amajau, nw. Brazil, however, are indistinguishable from the general
run of the latter, while two or three from the hinterland of Cumand agree with the
average from Trinidad. Yet it is undeniable that the inhabitants of Berraudez form
the transition to pallidus. from which the palest examples are separable only by
their rather darker buff sides and flanks. Thirty-five specimens examined by C. E. H.

b Ramphocaenus melanurus pallidus TODD: Differs from R. m. trinitatis by its
paler under parts, only the inner sides and flanks being much less extensively washed
with lighter buff; besides, the back is more smoke grayish, less brownish. Wing
47-51; tail 41-48; bill 21-23. Material: one o", one 9 El Hacha, one o" Aroa,
two d" d" El Trompillo, one o" Sierra de Carabobo, one d", two 9 9 San Esteban.
— C. E. H.

0 Ramphocaenus melanurus albiventris SCL. : Differs from the preceding races by
entirely white under parts, with a slight grayish tinge on the flanks; whitish sides of
head, washed with pale brownish on posterior portion of auriculars; much paler
ochraceous buff sides of neck. Eight specimens (i Surinam, i Saint-Jean-du-Maroni,
French Guiana, 6 British Guiana) examined by C. E. H.

208 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Ramphocaenus melanurus albiventris HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 67,
in text (crit.; type from Surinam), 374 (diag. ; Surinam, Cayenne; Bartica
Grove, Camacusa, Quonga, Annai, Brit. Guiana).

Range: French, Dutch and British Guiana, south to the north
bank of the lower Amazon, northern Brazil (San Antonio da Cachoeira,
Rio Jary).

Ramphocaenus melanurus amazonum Hellmayr* AMAZONIAN STRAIGHT-
BILLED ANT WREN.

Rhamphocaenus melanurus amazonum HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 66
(Teffe', Rio Solimoes, nw. Brazil); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 415
(ex HELLMAYR); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 290 (Cameta,
Arumatheua, left bank of R. Tocantins; Rio Iriri (Bocca do Curua); Sta.
Helena, Tucunare, Rio Jamauchim; Boim, R. Tapaj6z).

Ramphocaenus melanurus amazonum HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 373
(Humaytha, Borba, R. Madeira), 374 (diag.; Teff6, R. Madeira; Chyavetas,
Santa Cruz, Yurimaguas, n. Peru); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 352 (Calama,
R. Madeira).

Rhamphocaenus melanurus (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1867, p. 751 (Chyavetas, ne. Peru); TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1882, p. 31 (Yurimaguas); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 532
(Arumatheua, Tocantins).

Rhamphocaenus albiventris SCLATER, Ibis, 1883, p. 95 (part; Chyavetas, Peru);
TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 53 (part; descr. of 9 from Yuri-
maguas; Peruvian localities); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 261
(part; spec, f, g, Chyavetas, Santa Cruz, e. Peru).

Range: North Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the left bank of
the Tocantins (Cameta, Arumatheua) west to Teffe", Rio Solimoes,
south to the upper Rio Madeira (Humaytha, Calama), and eastern
Peru (Yurimaguas, Santa Cruz, Chyavetas).

Ramphocaenus melanurus sticturus Hellmayr* MATTO GROSSO
STRAIGHT-BILLED ANT WREN.

Rhamphocaenus sticturus HELLMAYR, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 52, 1902, p. 97
(Villa Bella de Matto Grosso, w. Matto Grosso); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., I,
1907, p. 214 (ex HELLMAYR).

• Ramphocaenus melanurus amazonum HELLMAYR: Nearest to .R. m. albiventris,
but sides of neck even paler, creamy buff instead of ochraceous, while the chest and
flanks are shaded with delicate creamy buff.

Birds from the Rio Madeira agree with the type, while three from e. Peru are
deeper brown above. Material: i Teff6, 7 Rio Madeira, one d" Yurimaguas, one d*
Santa Cruz, i Chyavetas, Peru. — C. E. H.

b Ramphocaenus melanurus sticturus HELLMAYR: At once distinguishable from
the preceding races by having the three outer pairs of rectrices tipped with pure white.
Cheeks and auriculars pale cinnamon as in melanurus, sides of neck ochraceous buff,

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 209

Ramphocaenus melanurus sticturus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 375
(diag.; Villa Bella, Engenho do Gama, S. Vicente, w. Matto Grosso).

Rhamphocaenus melanurus (not of VIEILLOT) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868,
p. 84 (part; Engenho do Gama, Villa Bella, S. Vicente, w. Matto Grosso;
spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Central Brazil, in western Matto Grosso (Sao Vicente,
Engenho do Gama, Villa Bella de Matto Grosso, on the headwaters
of the Rio Guapore").

*Ramphocaenus rufiventris rufiventris (Bonaparte).* NORTHERN
LONG-BILLED ANT WREN.

Scohpacinus rufiventris BONAPARTE, P. Z. S. Lond., 5, "1837," publ. June 1838,
p. 119 (Guatemala).

Rhamphocaenus rufiventris SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 244 (part; Cen-
tral America, from Guatemala to Panama); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,-
1890, p. 261 (part; spec, a-o, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Chiriqui, Panama);
DEARBORN, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., i, No. 3, 1907, p. 109
(Los Amates, Guatemala); CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910, p. 6n
(Costa Rica; habits).

Ramphocaenus rufiventris rufiventris RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911,
p. 85 (monogr.; se. Mexico to Panama); STONE, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
70, 1918, p. 261 (Gatun, Canal Zone).

Range : From southeastern Mexico, in states of Vera Cruz, Oaxaca
and Chiapas southwards through Guatemala, British Honduras, Hon-
duras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica to the Isthmus of Panama.

6: Guatemala (Vera Paz i, Los Amates i), Costa Rica (Orosi i,
Lagarto 3).

Ramphocaenus rufiventris sanctae-marthae Sdater.b SANTA MARTA
LONG-BILLED ANT WREN.

Ramphocaenus sanctae marthae SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1861, p. 380 (Santa
Marta, n. Colombia; type in Brit. Mus. examined by C. E. H.).

decidedly paler than in melanurus; chest, sides and flanks bright cream buff, about
the same shade as in pale bellied examples of trinitatis, and very much deeper than
in amazonum. Wing 50-51 ; tail 41-45; bill 22-24. Eight specimens examined.

In the markings of the lateral rectiices, R. m. sticturus resembles the races of
R. rufiventris, which, however, are easily distinguished by the olive slate or dark
smoke gray (instead of pale earthy brown) back, deep cinnamon sides of head and
neck, as well as much darker ochraceous under parts. — C. E. H.

• Probably conspecific with R. melanurus.

b Ramphocaenus rufiventris sanctae-marthae SCLATER: Distinguishable from
R. r. rufiventris by its larger size and paler, less rufescent coloration, the back in
particular being more brownish, less grayish.

From the few specimens examined this form would hardly seem to deserve recog-
nition.— C. E. H.

zio FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Rhamphocaenus rufiventris sanctae-marthae BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12,
1898, p. 138 ("Santa Marta"); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 13,
1900, p. 160 (Bonda); TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 1922,
p. 305 (Bonda, La Tigrera, Don Diego, Mamatoco, Fundaci6n, Valencia;
crit).

Rhamphocaenus rufiventris (not of BONAPARTE) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26,
1858, p. 244 (part; Santa Marta); idem, Ibis, 1883, p. 95 (part; Santa
Marta); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 261 (part; spec, p, Santa
Marta).

Range: Santa Marta district in northeastern Colombia.

Ramphocaenus rufiventris griseodorsalis Chapman.* COLOMBIAN
LONG-BILLED ANT WREN.

Rhamphocaenus rufiventris griseodorsalis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
31, 1912, p. 145 (Miraflores, west of Palmira, Cauca, c. Andes of Colombia);
idem, 1. c., 36, 1917, p. 379 (Dabeiba, upper Rio Sucio; Miraflores, Salento,
western slope of c. Andes).

Ramphocaenus rufiventris (not of BONAPARTE) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1879, p. 525 (Santa Elena, Antioquia).

Rhamphocaenus rufiventris SCLATER, Ibis, 1883, p. 95 (part; Antioquia b);
idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 261 (part; spec, q-t, Medellin,
Santa Elena, Antioquiab); BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1883, p. 565 (Chimbo, w. Ecuador); HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 492
(Chimbo); SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899,
p. 30 (Rio Peripa, w. Ecuador; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Western Colombia (Dabeiba, Rio Sucio; Miraflores and
Salento, western slope of central Andes; Medellin, Santa Elena, Antio-
quia) and western Ecuador (Rio Peripa, Chimbo).0

Genus MICROBATES Sclater and Salvin.

Microbates SCLATER and SALVIN, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., 1873, p. 155 (type
Microbates torquatus SCLATER and SALVIN = Rhamphocaenus collaris PELZELN).

• Ramphocaenus rufiventris griseodorsalis CHAPMAN: "Similar to R. r. rufiventris,
but with the back slaty smoke giay, the head less rufous, slightly tinged with cinna-
mon which is stronger, more ochraceous on forehead; sides of head less strongly
ochiaceous buff; but ochraceous buff of under parts, especially abdomen deeper.
Wing 48; tail 43; bill 21." (Chapman, 1. c.)

b Sclater also mentions two "Bogota/' skins which may or may not be referable
griseodorsalis. The only Bogota
R. melanurus trinitatis. — C. E. H.

to griseodorsalis. The only Bogota specimen seen by me unquestionably belongs to
s.—C.

0 Specimens from w. Ecuador (2 Rio Peripa, 2 Chimbo) generally agree with
the characters of griseodorsalis as indicated by F. M. Chapman, but they should be
compared with topotypical material from Colombia. Wing (c?1, Rio Peripa) 51 tf,
( 9, same locality) 49; tail 40; bill 22 }4. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 211

Microbates collaris (Pelzeln). COLLARED ANT WREN.

Rhamphocaenus collaris PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 84, 157 (Barra
do Rio Negro ( = Manaos)», Marabitanas and Rio Icanna, upper Rio Negro;
spec, in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Ibis, 1883, p. 96,
pi. 3; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 263 (Oyapoc, French Guiana) ;
JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 214 (Rio Negro, Cayenne); SNETHLAGE,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 291 (range).

Ramphocaenus collaris BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 156 (Ipousin, Rio
Approuague, French Guiana).

Microbates torquatus SCLATER and SALVIN, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., 1873, p. 72
161 (Saint-Georges-d'Oyapoc, French Guiana).

Microbates collaris CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 380
(Florencia, Rio Caqueta, se. Colombia).

Range: French Guiana (Saint Georges d'Oyapoc; Ipousin, Rio
Approuague); northwestern Brazil (Rio Negro, from Mandos up to
Marabitanas); southeastern Colombia (Florencia, Rio Caquetd;
Cuembi, Rio Putumayo).b

*Microbates cinereiventris semitorquatus (Lawrence)." HALF-COLLARED
ANT WREN.

Ramphocaenus semitorquatus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 7, 1862, p. 469
(Lion Hill Station, Panama).

Rhamphocaenus semitorquatus SCLATER, Ibis, 1883, P- 96 (part; Veragua, Pan-
ama); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 262 (part; spec, a-c, Veragua);
SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 219 (part;
Costa Rica, Veragua, Panama); BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, 1902,
p. 42 (Caribbean slope of Volcan de Chiriqui); CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie
Mus., 6, 1910, p. 612 (Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica).

Mic rebates cinereiventris semitorquatus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5,
1911, p. 89 (monogr.; Costa Rica, Veragua, Panama; excl. Antioquia).

Range: Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica and western Panama
(Volcan de Chiriqui, Santiago de Veragua, Lion Hill Station).

i: Costa Rica (Siguirres i).

• Designated as type locality by Berlepsch (Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 156).

b Two specimens from French Guiana (Rio Approuague) agree with one from
Manaos (the type locality), while three others from the upper Rio Negto (Mara-
bitanas, Rio Isanna) are decidedly more rufescent, less olivaceous above. A male
from Cuembi, Rio Putumayo, July 18, 1897 (G. Hopke Coll., Museum Berlepsch),
however, is again more like the Guiana ones. — C. E. H.

e Microbates cinereiventris semitorquatus (LAWR.): Differs from M. c. cinereiven-
tris by lacking the distinct brown postocular stripe, and by having the belly rather
darker cinereous with very little, if any, whitish suffusion in the middle. Ten speci-
mens from e. Costa Rica (Carrillo) and Chiriqui (Boquete), but none from the type
locality examined byC. E. H.

2i2 FIELD MUSEUM or NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

*Microbates cinereiventris cinereiventris (Sclater)* GRAY-BREASTED
ANT WREN.

Khamphocaenus cinereiventris SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, June 1855, p. 76, pi. 87
("Pasto," s. Colombia; locality no doubt erroneous; we suggest Buena-
ventura, one of A. Delattre's collecting stations); idem, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 244
("Pasto"); idem, Ibis, 1883, p. 96 (part; "Pasto"); BERLEPSCH and TACZAN-
OWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 565 (Chimbo, w. Ecuador); HARTERT, Nov.
Zool., 5, 1898^.492 (Cachavi,Prov.Esmeraldas,nw. Ecuador); SALVADORI and
FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899, p. 30 (Rio Peripa, w. Ecuador).

Ramphocaenus cinereiventris cinereiventris HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911,
p. 1164 (Novita, Sipi; Guineo, Rio Calima; El Paillon, near Buenaventura,
Pacific Colombia).

Micr abates cinereiventris cinereiventris CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
36, 1917, p. 379 (Alto Bonito, Juntas de Tamand, Novita, Buenaventura,
S. Josfi, Barbacoas, Buena vista [Narifio], Pacific Colombia).

Range: From eastern Panama (Tacarcuna) along the Pacific coast
of Colombia south to Chimbo, Prov. Guayas, western Ecuador.

2: Ecuador (San Javier, Prov. Esmeraldas i, Chimbo i).

Microbates cinereiventris peruvianus Chapman* EASTERN GRAY-
BREASTED ANT WREN.

Microbates cinereiventris peruvianus CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, Aug.
1923, P- 5 (La Pampa [type]; Rio Tavara, tributary of the R. Inambari,
n. Puno, se. Peru).

Khamphocaenus cinereiventris (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, Ibis, 1883, p. 96 (part;
Sarayacu, e. Ecuador); BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 565 (Sarayacu);
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 262 (Sarayacu, e. Ecuador; spec,
examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Tropical zone of eastern Ecuador (Sarayacu) and south-
eastern Peru (La Pampa and Rio Tavara, north slope of Andes of
Carabaya, northern Puno).

• Microbates c. cinereiventris (ScL.) is recognizable among its affines by possess-
ing a very distinct brown postocular stripe.— -C. E. H.

b Microbates cinereiventris peruvianus CHAPM. : Like M. c. semitorquatus without
trace of a brown postocular stripe, but with sides of the head much deeper ochraceous
tawny, and upper parts darker, the pileum in particular being more tufescent.
Wing 51-52 )4; tail 27-29; bill 20.

Although I have not seen specimens from the type locality, four skins from
Sarayacu, e. Ecuador (I had alluded to their probable distinctness in P. Z. S. Lond.,
1911, p. 1164), agree so well with Chapman's diagnosis that I have no doubt they
belong to the same race. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 213

Microbates cinereiventris magdalenae Chapman.* MAGDALENA VALLEY
ANT WREN.

Microbates cinereiventris magdalenae CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 34,

1915, p. 642 (Malena, near Puerto Berrio, lower Magdalena, Antioquia);

idem, 1. c., 36, 1917, p. 379 (same locality).
Ramphocaenus cinereiventris (not of SCLATER) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S.

Lond., 1879, p. 525 (Antioquia; spec, in Brit. Mus. examined by C. E. H.).
Rhamphocaenus semitorquatus (not of LAWRENCE) SCLATER, Ibis, 1883, p. 96

(part; Antioquia); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 263 (part; spec, c,

Antioquia).

Range: Eastern Colombia, State of Antioquia, lower Magdalena
(Malena, near Puerto Berrio).

Genus CERCOMACRA Sclater.

Cercomacra SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 244 (type by subs, desig.,
SCLATER, 1890, Cercomacra caerulescens SCLATER (not of VIEILLOT) = Cercom-
acra brasiliana HELLMAYR).

Cercomacra cinerascens (Sclater}. GRAY ANTBIRD.

Formicivora cinerascens SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, 1857, p. 131 (part; descr.
of specimen from Rio Napo, e. Ecuador; type, now in British Museum, exam-
ined by C. E. H.; see HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905, p. 288 in text);
idem, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 67 (Rio Napo).

Formicivora caerulescens ? (not Myrmothera caerulescens VIEILLOT, 1819) SCLATER,
P. Z. S. Lond., 22, 1854, p. 112 (Quixos, e. Ecuador).

Cercomacra cinerascens SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 245 (part; descr. et
hab., Rio Napo) ; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862, p. 184 (Rio Napo) ; SCLATER
and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 978 (Pebas; spec, in Brit. Museum exam-
ined by C. E. H.); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 275 (part; Pebas; descr. of nest and
eggs); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 55 (part; Pebas); SALVIN, Ibis,
1885, p. 426 (Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Brit. Guiana); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 264 (part; spec, a-e, Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Brit.
Guiana; f, Pebas; k, 1, Rio Napo); BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, I, 1917, p. 132
(Bartica); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905, p. 287 (crit.; diag. c?, 9; Rio
Napo, e. Ecuador; Pebas, ne. Peru; Venezuela, Orinoco and Caura rivers;
Brit. Guiana, Cayenne); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 322 (Cayenne);
CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 286 (Munduapo, Orin-
oco R.; Caura).

Cercomacra napensis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 572 (Rio Napo, e. Ecua-
dor; type in British Museum examined by C. E. H.); idem, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 265 (Rio Napo, Sarayacu, e. Ecuador; Oyapoc, Cayenne);

• Microbates cinereiventris magdalenae CHAPM. : This race, unknown to the
authors, is stated to be similar to semitorquatus, but paler, both above and below,
and to have the tail tipped with whitish; tail and bill longer; no blown postocular
stripe. Wing (o") 55; tail 30; bill 21%.

214 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 75 (Munduapo, R. Orinoco;
La Pricion, La Union, Caura R.); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 162
(Oyapoc, Cayenne).

Cercomacra sclateri (not of HELLMAYR) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
36, 1917, p. 380 (Florencia, R. Caqueta, se. Colombia; spec, in Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist, examined by C. E. H.).

Cercomacra cinerascens immaculata CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, June 1918,
p. 84 (Supenaam, Great Falls of Demerara River, Brit. Guiana) ; idem, Birds
Brit. Gui., 2, 1921, p. 45 (Brit. Guiana).

Range: From southeastern Colombia (Florencia, River Caqueta;
Cuembi, River Putumayo; also in "Bogota" collections) south through
eastern Ecuador to the north bank of the Maranon, Peru (Pebas),
east through southern Venezuela (Orinoco-Caura region) to British
and French Guiana."

*Cercomacra sclateri Hellmayr.b SCLATER'S ANTBIRD.

Cercomacra sclateri HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905, p. 288 (Chyavetas [type],
upper Ucayali, "Iquitos," ne. Peru; Igarap6-Assu, Pard; Borba, Salto do
Girao, Rio Madeira; Villa Bella de Matto Grosso, Brazil), 286 (Igarap6-
Assii); idem, 1. c., 13, 1906, p. 370 (S. Antonio do Prata, Para); idem, 1. c.f
14, 1907, p. 18 (Itaituba, Rio Tapaj6z), 66 (Teff6, R. Solimoes); idem, 1. c.,
17, 1910, p. 362 (Calama, R. Madeira; Jamarysinho, R. Machados); MENE-
GAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (9th ser.), 8, 1906, p. 41 (Sara-
yacu, R. Ucayali; "Pebas," Peru); JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 214
(range); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 286 (R. Guama, R. Capim);

• I do not see my way of distinguishing the Guiana birds (immaculata) from
typical cinerascens of Upper Amazonia. The white interscapular patch is well pro-
nounced in two from Munduapo, Rio Orinoco, one from "Bogota," one from Florencia
(Caqueta); slightly indicated in one from Munduapo, four from Caura, one fiom
Cayenne, four from Ecuador, one from British Guiana; altogether missing in three
from British Guiana, while there are traces of white at the extreme base of a few
feathers in two from Bartica Grove, one from Camacusa, one from Cuembi (Rio
Putumayo), one from Rio Napo, one from Pebas, and one from Caura, Venezuela.
The upper wing coverts are perfectly uniform in three from Munduapo, four from
Caura, one from Cayenne, one from Bartica, one from Napo, one from "Bogota";
distinctly, though narrowly edged with paler, in five from Ecuador, one from Florencia,
one from Cuembi, one from "Bogota," one from Pebas, one from Caura, three from
British Guiana, while another from Camacusa (British Guiana) just shows faint
traces of light edgings to some of the outermost greater coverts. While there is a
tendency in eastern birds to lose the white dorsal spot and the pale edges to the
wing coverts, the difference is, in my opinion, not constant enough to warrant its
recognition in nomenclature. — C. E. H.

b Cercomacra sclateri HELLMAYR: Differs in the male sex from C. cinerascens by
having a distinct white spot on the shoulders and the upper wing coverts black,
with abruptly defined white apical spots or margins; the general color, too, is much
darker slate gray, especially below, while the rectrices are broadly tipped with
white (from 5 to 9 mm. in length). The female differs by having the bend of the
wing variegated with white (instead of plain olivaceous brown) and the wing
coverts conspicuously margined with white. Graduation of tail, 20 to 24 mm.
Examined: Peru 8, Rio Purus 2, Para district 2, Tapaj6z i, Teff6 i, Rio Madeira n,
Villa Bella de Matto Grosso i. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 215

idem, 1. c., 56, 1908, p. 17 (Bom Lugar, R. Punis [spec, examined by C. E. H.],
Rio Guama, Capim), 512 (Villa Braga, Tapaj6z); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8,
1914, p. 308 (Ourem, R. Guatnd, R. Capim; Baiao, Arumatheua, R. Tocan-
tins; Boim, Villa Braga, R. Tapaj6z; Rio Jamauchim; Rio Purus); HELL-
MAYR, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 92
(Para localities).

Ccrcomacra cinerascens (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 245
(part; R. Ucayali, e. Peru); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866,
p. 186 (Sarayacu, e. Peru); idem, 1. c., 1867, p. 750 (Chyavetas); idem, 1. c.,
1873, p. 275 (part; Sarayacu, Chyavetas, e. Peru); TACZANOWSKI, 1. c.,
1882, p. 31 (Yurimaguas) ; idem, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 55 (descr. o71, 9;
hab. part, Chyavetas, Yurimaguas, Moyobamba); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 264 (part; descr. and spec, g-j, Chyavetas, upper Ucay-
ali, Chamicuros, e. Peru; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Cercomacra caerulescens (not Myrmothera caerulescens VIEILLOT) PELZELN, Orn.
Bras., 2, 1868, p. 84 (Borba, Salto Girao, Rio Madeira; (Villa Bella de)
Matto Grosso; spec, examined by C. E. H.); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 5, 1893, p. 121 (Cachoeira, w. Matto Grosso).

Formicivora cinerascens (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, 1857,
p. 131 (part; o71 juv. ex Chamicuros).

Range : From the south bank" of the Maranon, northern Peru, and
Rio Solimoes (Teffe"), through eastern Peru and western Brazil south
to western Matto Grosso (Villa Bella, Cachoeira), east to Maranhao.

3: Peru (Moyobamba 2); Brazil (Tury-assu, Maranhao i).

Cercomacra brasiliana Hellmayr.b SOUTH BRAZILIAN ANTBIRD.

Cercomacra brasiliana HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905, p. 289 (Rio de Janeiro
[type], foot of Serra d'Estrella, Prov. Rio) ; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull.
Soc. Philom. Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 40 (Rio de Janeiro; crit.); JHERING,
Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 214 (Rio de Janeiro).

Formicivora caerulescens (not Myrmothera caerulescens VIEILLOT) MENETRIES,
Mem. Ac. Sci. St. Petersb., (6th ser.), 3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 499,
pi. 6, fig. i (cf), 2 ( 9) (Foot of Serra d'Estella, Prov. Rio; spec, examined
bv C. E. H.).

Ellipura caerulescens BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 67 (environs
of Rio de Janeiro; descr. d" , 9).

• The two localities "Iquitos" and "Pebas," situated on the north bank of the
Maranon, are unreliable.

b Cercomacra brasiliana HELLMAYR: Similar to C. sclateri, but with much smaller
bill, and much longer as well as much more graduated tail (the distance between
shortest and longest rectrix being from 35 to 42 mm.) ; rectrices with narrow white (in
female buff y) apical margins instead of long white tips. General color of male much
paler slate gray than in C. sclateri, but wing coverts similarly marked; female easily
recognizable by having the tail pale olivaceous brown (instead of grayish or blackish),
the under parts much brighter ochraceous tawny (more like C. t. tyrannina), and
the wing coverts uniform orownish without trace of white on campterium. Wing
(five 0*6") 60-62, (two 9 9) 56^, 58; tail 75-80; bill 14-15^.— C. E. H.

2i6 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Cercomacra caerulescens SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 244 (Rio de Janeiro;
descr. o", 9); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 264 (se. Brazil).

Range: Southeastern Brazil (Prov. Rio de Janeiro).

*Cercomacra tyrannina crepera Bangs." DUSKY TYRANNINE ANTBIRD.

Cercomacra crepera BANGS, Auk, 18, Oct. 1901, p. 365 (Divala, w. Panama;

type in Mus. Comp. Zool., Cambridge, examined by C. E. H.); DEARBORN,

Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., i, 1907, p. 109 (Los Amates, e. Guate-

mala).
Cercomacra tyrannina crepera BANGS, Auk, 24, 1907, p. 296 (Boruca, Paso Real,

Pozo del Rio Grande, Barranca, sw. Costa Rica) ; CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie

Mus., 6, 1910, p. 612 (Costa Rica; crit. ; habits) ; FERRY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist.

Publ., Orn. Ser., i, 1910, p. 271 (Guayabo, Costa Rica); RIDGWAY, Bull.

U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 95 (monogr., synon.; from se. Mexico to

w. Panama).
Cercomacra tyrannina (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,

p. 265 (part; spec, a-q, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Chiriqui,

Veragua); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 214

(part; Guatemala to Veragua).

Range: Southeastern Mexico, in states of Vera Cruz, Tabasco and
Chiapas, south through Guatemala, British Honduras, Honduras,
Nicaragua and Costa Rica to western Panama (Chiriqui, Veragua).

15: Guatemala (Guatemala 2, Los Amates 4), Nicaragua (San
Emilis, Lake Nicaragua 4), Costa Rica (Boruca i, Buenos Aires 2,
Lagarto i, Guayabo i).

*Cercomacra tyrannina rufiventris ( Lawrence). b WESTERN TYRANNINE
ANTBIRD.

Disythamnus rufiventris LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 8, 1865, p. 131 (Pan-
ama Railroad; = o* juv.; see SALVIN, Ibis, 1874, P-

• Cercomacra tyrannina crepera BANGS: Similar to C. t. tyrannina, but male
darker, with upper parts blackish slate, under parts slate color to blackish slate;
female with deeper, more rufous brown edges to remiges and wing coverts, decidedly
rufous brown instead of olive brown tail, and generally darker, deep ochraceous
tawny under parts.

As pointed out by R. Ridgway, there exists a considerable amount of individual
variation in this form, though, taken as a whole, Central American specimens of
both sexes average considerably darker than any of the races found from the Isthmus
of Panama southwards. Guatemalan birds (four d" o", two 99) are fully as dark
or even darker than the typical series from Divala, w. Panama, while others from
Nicaragua and a goodly number of Costa Rican skins hardly differ from the darkest
extreme of typical tyrannina from e. Colombia. Fifty-four specimens examined
by C. E. H.

b Cercomacra tyrannina rufiventris (LAWRENCE): Male exactly intermediate
between C. t. crepera and C. t. tyrannina, averaging lighter slate gray than the former,
darker than the latter; female indistinguishable from C. t. tyrannina, perhaps slightly
darker underneath.

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 217

Cercomacra tyrannina (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 294
(Esmeraldas, nw. Ecuador); SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1864, p. 356 (Pan-
ama; crit.); BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1883, p. 565 (Chimbo);
idem, 1. c., 1885, p. 68 (Chimbo); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 265 (part; spec, r-x, Panama, Esmeraldas, nw. Ecuador); SALVIN and
GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 214 (part; Panama, w. Ecua-
dor); SALVADOR: and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 339, 1899, P- 7
(Rio Lara, Panama); idem, 1. c., No. 362, 1899, p. 30 (Rio Peripa, w. Ecua-
dor); BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 2, 1900, p. 23 (Loma del Leon,
Panama) ; HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 612 (S. Javier, Pambilar, nw. Eeua-
dor); THAYER and BANGS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, 1906, p. 217 (Sa-
vanna of Panama).

Cercomacra tyrannina tyrannina RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911,
p. 93 (part; e. Panama; w. Ecuador, Esmeraldas, Babahoyo, Chimbo,
S. Javier, Pambilar, Rio Peripa); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
36, 1917, p. 380 (part; Barbacoas, sw. Colombia); STONE, Proc. Ac. N.
Sci. Phila., 1918, p. 261 (Gatun, Panama); BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, 1922, p. 207 (Rio Esnap6, Jesusito, Darien).

Cercomacra tyrannina rufiventris HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1165 (Boca
de Calima, Guineo, Novitd, Pueblo Rico, w. Colombia), 1166 (part; Panama,
w. Colombia, w. Ecuador, south to Chimbo),

Cercomacra tyrannina pallescens CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, 1918, p. 85
(Esmeraldas, nw. Ecuador).

Hypocmenis schistacea (not of SCLATER) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 7,
1862, p. 325 (Lion Hill).

Range: From the Isthmus of Panama through western Colombia
(Pacific slope of western Andes) south to Chimbo, western Ecuador.

i: Ecuador (Pambilar, Prov. Esmeraldas, i).
*Cercomacra tyrannina tyrannina (Sclater). TYRANNINE ANTBIRD.

Pyriglena tyrannina SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, July 1855, p. 90, pi. 98 (c?1,. 9)
("Bogota," e. Colombia), 147 (Bogota^.

In an earlier paper (P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1165) this form was united by
C. E. Hellmayr to C. t. crepera of Central America, but after examining an ample
series from Panama (type locality of rufiventris) down to Chimbo, we fully concur
with F. M. Chapman's view that it is more nearly related to tyrannina of e. Col-
ombia. In coloration of their plumage, the males vary between the lightest examples
of crepera, as represented in a series from Nicaragua and Costa Rica, and the darkest
extreme of tyrannina; the females agree with the latter in olivaceous (not rufous)
brown tail and wings, but average slightly darker underneath, although the major-
ity are quite indistinguishable from e. Colombian specimens. Birds (of both sexes)
from w. Ecuador and Pacific Colombia (Barbacoas, Choc6) are no wise different
from Panama skins, hence pallescens becomes a synonym of rufiventris. It is pert
haps questionable if this form, in view of its intermediate characters, is worthy of
recognition, yet it occupies a definite area and cannot well be united to either of its
allies. Material examined by C. E. H.: 12 Panama, 4 Choc6, 3 Barbacoas, 1 6 Prov.
Esmeraldas, i Manavi, i Bucay, Chimborazo, i Naranjo, Guayas, 3 Chimbo,
w. Ecuador.

2i8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Cercomacra tyrannina SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 245 (Bogota; descr.
cf, 9); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 84 (part; Marabitanas, Rio Vaup6,
upper Rio Negro; spec, in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.); BER-
LEPSCH, Journ. Ornith., 32, 1884, p. 308 (Bucaramanga) ; SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 265 (part; spec, y-c, Bogota); BERLEPSCH and
HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 76 (Munduapo, Bichaco, upper Orinoco;
La Union, Suapure, Caura R.,» Venezuela).

Cercomacra tyrannina tyrannina RIDGWAV, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911,
p. 93 (part; Bogota, Bucaramanga, Rio Cauca, Colombia; Venezuela; Rio
Negro, Brazil); HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1165 (part; e. Colom-
bia, Venezuela; upper Rio Negro); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
36, 1917, p. 380 (part; Puerto Valdivia, La Frijolera, lower Cauca; Salen-
cio, Miraflores, upper Cauca; Honda, R. Magdalena; Buena Vista, Villa-
vicencio, e. Colombia); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916,
p. 287 (just below the Falls of Atures and beyond, R. Orinoco; Caura*).

Range: Central and eastern Colombia, in the valleys of the Cauca
and Magdalena rivers (states of Antioquia, Cauca, Santander, Boyaca,
Tolima, Cundinamarca), and on the eastern slope of the eastern Andes
(Buena Vista, above Villavicencio) ; northwestern Brazil, on the upper
Rio Negro (Marabitanas, Rio Vaupe"); southern Venezuela, on the
upper Orinoco (Munduapo, Bichaco), and according to Hartert also
on the Caura River.6

2: Colombia (Buenavista above Villavicencio 2).

*Cercomacra tyrannina saturatior Chubb.* GUIANA TYRANNINE
ANTBIRD.

Cercomacra tyrannina saturatior CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, 1918, p. 85
(Ituribisci River, Brit. Guiana); idem, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 46
(numerous localities in British Guiana).

* According to E. Hartert (in litt.), Caura specimens (which we have not seen)
agree with "Bogota" skins.

b Birds from Buenavista (above Villavicencio), base of e. Andes, Colombia,
agree with "Bogota" skins and no doubt represent typical tyrannina. A fine series
from El Tambor, on the Rio Lebrija, an affluent of the Rio Magdalena, State of
Santander, for the loan of which I am indebted to the Carnegie Museum, do not
deviate in any respect. Specimens from the lower Cauca (Puerto Valdivia) as wel
as others from the State of Boyaca (Palmar) are not different either. Three males and
one female from Munduapo, upper Orinoco, I am likewise unable to separate from
"Bogota" skins, while thiee birds from Marabitanas, Rio Negro, also appear to
belong to tyrannina, although the female (Vienna Museum, No. 15,357) has the under
parts nearly as deep ochraceous tawny as crepera. A female from Salencio, Novita
Trail, e. slope of w. Andes, and another from La Frijolera, lower Cauca, differ from
all others by having the pileum and hindneck grayish, more or less contrasting with
the olivaceous brown back. Mateiial examined: 9 "Bogota," 7 Buenavista above
Villavicencio, 7 Palmar, Boyaca, 12 El Tambor, Santander, i Honda, 3 Puerto
Valdivia, i La Frijolera, lower Cauca, i Salencio, Colombia; 4 Munduapo, Rio
Orinoco; 3 Marabitanas, Rio Negro. Wing (c?) 64-68, (9) 59-66; tail 59-67, (9)
55-64; bill 16-17.— C. E. H.

• Cercomacra tyrannina saturatior CHUBB: Male easily distinguishable from
C. t. tyrannina by much darker, sooty or blackish slate coloration, without any

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 219

Cercomacra tyrannina (not of SCLATER) SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 427 (Bartica Grove,
Camacusa, Roraima); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 265 (part;
spec. cP-p1, Roraima, Camacusa, Bartica, Takutu River); BEEBE, Tropical
Wild Life, i, 1917, p. 132 (Bartica Grove).

Range: British Guiana.

a: British Guiana (Mazaruni River 2).

*Cercomacra tyrannina laeta Todd* LOWER AMAZONIAN TYRANNINE
ANTBIRD.

Cercomacra tyrannina laeta TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 33, Dec. 1920, p. 73
(Benevides, Pard district).

Cercomacra tyrannina (not of SCLATER) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 84
(part; "Rio Negro" [ = Manaos], Para; spec, in Vienna Museum examined
by C. E. H.); LAYARD, Ibis, 1873, p. 387 (Para); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p.26s (part; spec. t'-v', "Rio Negro" ( = Manaos),Para); HELLMAYR,
Nov. Zool., 12, 1905, p. 286 (Igarap6-Assu) ; idem, 1. c., 13, 1906, p. 370 (San
Antonio do Prata); idem, 1. c., 14, 1907, p. 32 (Obidos); SNETHLAGE, Journ.
Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 286 (Para, S. Antonio); idem, 1. c., 61, 1913, p. 529 in
text (Far6, Para; ecology); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 308 (Para,
Providencia, Ananindeuba, Santa Isabel, Peixe-Boi, Quati-puru, S. Antonio
do Prata, Para district; Santa Maria do S. Miguel, Ourem, Rio Guama;
Mazagao, Baiao, R. Tocantins; S. Antonio da Cachoeira, Rio Jary; Monte
Alegre, Rio Maecuru, Obidos; Far6, Rio Jamunda).

Cercomacra tyrannina tyrannina (err.) HELLMAYR, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl.
Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 47 (Peixe-Boi, Ipitinga), 93 (Para local-
ities).

Range: Northern Brazil, Maranhao, Para district (east of the
Tocantins) and on the north bank of the lower Amazon, from the
Rio Jary west to Itacoatiard and Mandos, near the mouth of the Rio
Negro. b

5: Brazil (Itacoatiara i, Tury-assu, Maranhao 4).

trace of olivaceous on wings and tail, and with much less olive suffusion on upper
tail coverts; female slightly duller, more grayish olive on upper parts. Wing (five
o"d") 63-65, (five 9 9) 58-60; tail 58-60; bill 16-17^.

The male approaches C. t. crepera in its blackish slate coloration, but has the
flanks much less extensively as well as duller brown. The females are not certainly
distinguishable, the under parts being by no means always deeper tawny ochraceous
as claimed by C. Chubb. In the majority, however, the dorsal surface is of a rather
duller, more grayish olive tinge. — C. E. H.

• Cercomacra tyrannina laeta TODD: Male exactly similar to C. t. tyrannina so
far as coloration is concerned, but considerably smaller, with weaker, shorter bill;
female, in addition to smaller size, differs by the buffy frontal edge being barely indi-
cated, the sides of the head paler buff, with more brownish suffusion on auriculars,
and by lighter ochraceous under parts. Wing (twelve <fcf) 59-63, (ten 9 9)58-62;
tail 52-57, once 59, ( 9) 48-56; bill 15-16^-— C. E. H.

b Birds from the north bank (Obidos, Itacoatiara, Manaos) are identical in
coloration, but average slightly larger. Wing (three 0*0") 61-63, (one 9) 63; tail
59-63; bill 16-17.— C. E. H.

220 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Cercomacra nigrescens nigrescens (Cabanis and Heine).* GUIANA
BLACKISH ANTBIRD.

Percnostola nigrescens CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, July 1859, p. 10

(Cayenne; type in coll. Heine, now in Halberstadt Museum, examined by

C. E. H.; =c? ad.).
Cercomacra nigrescens BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 161 (Rio Approuague,

French Guiana), 320 (Saint-Jean-du-Maroni) ; BANGS and PENARD, Bull.

Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, 1918, p. 68 (Paramaribo).
Cercomacra nigrescens nigrescens HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 18, in

text (Cayenne, Surinam; diag. o", 9).
Pyriglena serva (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 271

(part; spec, i, Cayenne, in Brit. Mus., examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat.

Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 185 (part; spec, c, 9, Cayenne).

Range: French and Dutch Guiana.b

*Cercomacra nigrescens approximans Pelzeln.* AMAZONIAN BLACKISH
ANTBIRD.

Cercomacra approximans PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 85, 158 (Engenho
do Gama and [Villa Bella de] Matto Grosso, w. Matto Grosso; spec, in
Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.); TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. zoo (Mapoto, Machay, e. Ecuador; spec, in Ber-
lepsch Coll. examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 266 (Engenho do Gama; Mapoto); BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1896, p. 383 (Garita del Sol, Vitoc, Peru; spec, in Berlepsch Coll. exam-
ined by C. E. H.); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris,
(9th sen), 8, 1906, p. 41 (Pebas, ne. Peru; descr. 9); SNETHLAGE, Journ.

• Cercomacra nigrescens nigrescens (CAB. and HEINE) : Male not unlike the dark
races of the C. tyrannina group (crepera, saturatior), but general coloration even
darker, slaty blackish, and white markings on upper wing coverts either entirely
absent or but faintly indicated on some of the larger series; female much darker
tawny beneath, and with anterior portion of crown (as far back as posterior angle of
the eyes, at least) and entire sides of head likewise deep tawny. Wing (twelve o* o")
67-72, (nine 99) 65-69; tail 61-69; bill 17-19.

b The birds from Far6 (Rio Jamunda), north bank of lower Amazon, recorded
by Snethlage s.n. C. approximans, are probably also referable to C. n. nigrescens.

• Cercomacra nigrescens approximans PELZELN: Male differs from the typical race
in lighter slaty coloration, especially below, and by having distinct white edging
to the upper wing coverts; female only distinguishable by more brownish (less slaty
olive) back, less blackish tail, and more distinct cinnamomeous edges to the wing
coverts; besides, the bill is decidedly narrower. Wing (d1) 65-70, (9) 67-68; tail
58-64; bill 1 6- 1 8.

The relationship of the forms of nigrescens to the tyrannina group is very puzzling.
The close similarity of approximans in the male sex suggests conspecific affinity and,
indeed, the two groups replace each other geographically throughout the greater
part of their ranges. Representatives of nigrescens only are found in e. Ecuador,
Peru, French and Dutch Guiana, as also on the south bank of the Brazilian Ama-
zon west of the Tapaj6z, while British Guiana, Venezuela, Colombia, w. Ecuador
and the Pard district (east of the Tocantins) are solely occupied by races ottyrannina.
Yet, according to E. Snethlage, C. t. laeta and a form of nigrescens live side by side
at Far6, lower Rio Jamunda, and this fact induces me, though somewhat hesi-
tatingly, to separate the two groups specifically. — C. E. H.

IQ24- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 221

Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 17 (Monte Verde, Rio Purus); idem, 1. c., 61, 1913,
p. 529 (ecology); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 309 (I. Bocca do Mana-
piri, R. Tocantins; Boim, Tapaj6z; Monte Verde, R. Punis; (?) Far6, Rio
Jamunda); MENEGAUX, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., i, No. 20, Dec. 1910, p. 322
(Tocache, Rio Huallaga, Peru).

Cercomacra nigrescens approximans HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 18
(Itaituba, R. Tapaj<5z; range, crit.), 372 (Borba, Rio Madeira); idem, 1. c.,
17, 1910, p. 362 (Calama, Allianca, R. Madeira; S. Isabel, Rio Preto).

Cercomacra tyrannina (not of SCLATER) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874,
p. 530 (Ropaybamba, Peru); idem, 1. c., 1882, p. 31 (Huambo, Chirimoto,
n. Peru; one 9 examined by C. E. H.) ; idem, Orn. P£rou, 2, 1884, p. 54 (Ropay-
bamba, Chirimoto, Huambo; descr. cf, 9); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 2, 1889, p. 95 (Mapiri, Reyes, n. Bolivia).

Pyriglena serva (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 271
(part; descr. of 9, and spec, c, Rio Napo; examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Eastern Ecuador (Mapoto, Machay; El Topo, Rio Pas-
taza); eastern Peru (in depts. Amazonas, Loreto, Huanuco, Junin);
northern Bolivia (Rio Beni); northern Brazil, south of the Amazon,
from the Tocantins westwards, south to western Matto Grosso (Rio
Guapore*).*

9: Peru (Poco Tambo i, Chinchao i, Vista Alegre 5, La Merced 2).

*Cercomacra serva (Sdater).b BLACK ANTBIRD.

Pyriglena serva SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 66 (Rio Napo (types),
Quixos, e. Ecuador; type in Brit. Mus. examined by C. E. H.; descr. d1 , 9),
247 (Rio Napo); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862, p. 185 (part; spec, a, b,
types, ex Rio Napo); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 186 (lower
and upper Ucayali); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 275 (Nauta, Ucayali, Chamicuros,
e. Peru); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 56 (descr. d" ex Rio Napo,
9 ex Sarayacu, e. Ecuador, in Coll. Berlepsch, examined by C. E. H. ; Nauta,
Ucayali, Chamicuros); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1899, p. 96

• This race probably requires subdivision. Birds from the Tapaj6z and Rio
Madeira are identical with the typical series from Matto Grosso. Males from various
parts of Peru are darker, more blackish slate, females brighter, russet rather than oliva-
ceous brown above, with deeper brown tail. Two males from Ecuador (Mapoto and
El Topo, Rio Pastaza) are decidedly lighter slate gray underneath (approaching tyran-
nina) and have the flanks as well as the rump conspicuously washed with brownish,
while the single female (from Machay) closely resembles Brazilian examples.
Material examined: 5 d"o", 5 9 9 w. Matto Grosso, 3 o"d", 3 99 Rio Madeira,

1 cf, i 9 Rio Tapaj6z, 3 cT'cf, 5 99 Pebas, i 9 Nauta, i c? Pozuzo, 2 o"d",
399 Vista Alegre, i 9 Chinchao, i c?1 Garita del Sol, i d", 2 9 9 Guayabamba,

2 d"o*, i 9 eastern Ecuador. — C. E. H.

b Cercomacra serva (SCLATER): Male similar to C. n. approximans PELZ., but
general coloration more blackish slate, with throat and foreneck dull black instead
of slate gray; female easily recognizable by lacking the broad tawny frontal band and
superciliary stripe, only the lores, nasal plumes and a narrow streak above the eye
being ochraceous or dull ferruginous; by having the crown and back grayish oliva-
ceous, much less brownish, and the edges to the upper wing coverts less pronounced.
Examined: 4 o* d\ 3 99 Ecuador, 6 d* d* ad., 4 c? o" juv., 10 9 9 Peru. — C. E. H.

222 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

(lower Beni, n. Bolivia); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 271
(part; descr. of o" only, spec, a, b, d-g, Napo, Sarayacu, e. Ecuador; Pebas,
ne. Peru; spec, in Brit. Mus. examined by C. E. H.).

Cercomacra serva SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899,
p. 30 (Zamora, e. Ecuador); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom.
Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 42 (Sarayacu, e. Ecuador); BERLEPSCH and
STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, 1906, p. 117 (Huaynapata, Marcapata, se. Peru);
HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 103 (Yahuarmayo, Rio
San Gaban, n. Puno, se. Peru; crit.).

Cercomacra hypomelaena SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 268 (Cosni-
pata, se. Peru; type in Brit. Mus. examined by C. E. H.); HELLMAYR, Nov.
Zool., 13, 1906, p. 343 (crit.; e. Ecuador; Cosnipata, Pozuzo, Peru).

Cercomacra tyranina atrogularis LLETGET, Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 18, 1918,
p. 341 (Rio Napo, e. Ecuador; descr. o").

Cercomacra tyrannina approximans (not of PELZELN) CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S.
Mus., 117, 1921, p. 80 (Rio San Miguel, Urubamba Valley).

Range: From eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo, Sarayacu, Zamora)
through eastern Peru (depts. Loreto, Huanuco, Junin, Cuzco) to
southeastern Peru (north side of Sierra of Carabaya, northern Puno)
and northern Bolivia (Beni River).

2: Peru (Puerto Bermudez, Rio Pichis 2).

*Cercomacra nigricans Sclater. BLACK TYRANNINE ANTBIRD.

Cercomacra nigricans SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, Nov. 1858, p. 245 (Santa
Marta [type], "Bogota," Colombia; type in British Museum examined by
C. E. H.; = d" imm.); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862, p. 184 (Santa Marta;
Bogota; Babahoyo, w. Ecuador); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879,
p. 526 (Remedies, Antioquia; nest and eggs descr.); BERLEPSCH, Journ.
Ornith., 32, 1884, p. 308 (Bucaramanga, crit.); TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. loo (Yaguachi, near Guayaquil, sw. Ecuador) ; SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 267 (Paraiso Station, Panama; Santa Marta,
Remedies, Bucaramanga, Bogota, Balzar, Santa Rita, Babahoyo, Esmeral-
das, w. Ecuador; descr. o" imm., 9); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-
Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 215 (Lion Hill, Paraiso, Panama; Ecuador, Ven-
ezuela, "Trinidad"); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 76
(Altagracia, R. Orinoco, Venezuela; crit.); HARTERT, 1. c., p. 612 (PambiUr,
nw. Ecuador); THAYER and BANGS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, 1905, p. 150
(San Miguel Isl.); idem, 1. c., 46, 1906, p. 217 (Savannah of Panama); HELL-
MAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1 1 66 (mouth of Calima, Rio San Juan, Choc6) ;
RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 91 (monogr.; e. Panama,
Colombia, w. Ecuador, Venezuela; "Trinidad"); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 381 (Cali, Rio Frio, Cauca; Algodonal, Banco,
Nare, Puerto Berrio, Malena, Honda, Chicoral, Magdalena R. ; Buena Vista,
Villavicencio, e. Colombia; descr. o", 9 ad., juv.); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl.
Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 287 (abundant at Las Barrancas, in the delta
region, less so up to mouth of R. Apure, Orinoco R.); STONE, Proc. Ac. N.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 223

Sci. Phila., 70, 1918, p. 260 (Colon, Toro Point, Panama); TODD and CAR-
RIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 1922, p. 304 (Tucurinca, Fundaci6n, Santa
Marta district).

Pyriglena maculicaudis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, Nov. 1858, p. 247 ("Trini-
dad," errore! the type, examined in British Museum by C. E. H., looks like
the skins imported from n. Colombia; = o" ad.); LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N.
Hist., 7, 1862, p. 325 (Lion Hill, Panama); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1864, p. 356 (Lion Hill; crit.).

Cercomacra maculicaudis SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 268 (Paraiso
Station, Panama; "Bogota"; "Trinidad"); HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, 1898,
p. 492 (Chimbo); HELLMAYR, 1. c., 13, 1906, p. 59 (occurrence in Trinidad
denied); BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 2, 1900, p. 24 (Loma del Leon,
Panama); idem, Auk, 18, 1901, p. 30 (S. Miguel Isl.).

Cercomacra maculosa SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 279 (Babahoyo, w. Ecua-
dor; descr. 9), 294 (Esmeraldas) ; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862, p. 184
(Babahoyo).

Range: Eastern Panama, including San Miguel Island; Colombia
(Santa Marta district; Pacific coast, Cauca and Magdalena valleys,
east slope of eastern Andes); Venezuela (only in the Orinoco Valley
down to Las Barrancas) ; western Ecuador, as far south as Chimbo. a

6: Colombia (Bogota 2, Malena i, Rio Frio i); western Ecuador
(Pambilar, Prov. Esmeraldas i, Chimbo i).

Cercomacra carbonaria Sclater and Salvin.b Rio BRANCO ANTBIRD.

Cercomacra carbonaria SCLATER and SALVIN, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., 1873,
p. 73, 161 (Rio Branco, n. Brazil); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 267 (Rio Branco; descr. o", 9); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 215
(part; Rio Branco); HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1166, in text (char-
acters).

Cercomacra nigricans (not of SCLATER) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 85
(Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco; spec, in Vienna Museum examined
by C. E. H.).

Range: Only known from Forte do Sao Joaquim, on the upper
Rio Branco, in northern Brazil, on the confines of British Guiana.

• Specimens from w. Ecuador appear to be identical with those from Colombia
and Panama. Two males from Altagracia, Rip Orinoco, are not different either,
showing no approach to C. carbonaria, of the Rio Branco region. — C. E. H.

b Cercomacra carbonaria SCL. and SALV. : Male differs from C. nigricans in having
the upper parts sooty gray (instead of glossy black); the throat and breast much
duller black, shading into sooty gray on the flanks; in the shorter white tips of the
rectrices, and in possessing distinct, though narrow, white apical edges to the second-
aries; female very different, having the throat, foreneck and malar region pure white,
with numerous, irregular dark gray freckles: the chest and sides bright ochraceous,
passing into buffy white along middle of abdomen; the under tail coverts buffy gray,
edged with whitish; the upper parts light smoke gray, faintly tinged with olive.
Besides, the bill in C. carbonaria is much nartower and somewhat shorter. Wing
(8 <? c? ad.) 66-68, (399) 63-64; tail (rf) ?o-74, ( 9 ) 67-70; bill 15-16^.— C. E. H.

224 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Cercomacra melanaria (Mtnttrtis). MATTO GROSSO BLACK ANTBIRD.

Formicivora melanaria MENETRIES, Mem. Ac. Sci. St. P€tersb., (6th ser.), 3,
Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 500, pi. 9, fig. 2 (=cf ad.) ("Minas Geraes,"
locality unquestionably erroneous, we suggest Cuyaba, Matto Grosso; types
in Petrograd Museum examined by C. E. H.; descr. d", 9); CHROSTOWSKI,
Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i, 1921, p. 23 (notes on types); REINHARDT,
Vidensk. Meddel. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 365 ("Minas Geraes," ex

MENETRIES).

Ellipura melanaria BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 68 (ex
MENETRIES).

Cercomacra melanaria PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 85 (Cuyabd, Villa Maria
( = San Luis de Caceres), Matto Grosso; spec, in Vienna Museum examined
by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 13, 1890, p. 268 (Cuyaba) ; MENE-
GAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 42 (Rio
Paraguay, sw. Matto Grosso); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 215
(range) ; GRANT, Ibis, 191 1, p. 136 (Albuquerque, Rabicho, Boca de Homiguera,
upper Paraguay, near Corumba, sw. Matto Grosso) ; MENEGAUX, Rev. Franc.
d'Orn., 96, 1917, p. 55 (Pocon6, Caceres, Matto Grosso).

Range: Central Brazil, in southwestern portion of Matto Grosso,
on the upper Paraguay (Albuquerque, Rabicho, Boca de Homiguera,
near Corumbd; Cambard, near Descalvados; San Luis de Caceres)
and its affluent the Rio Cuyaba (Pocone", Cuyaba). »

SIPIA Hellmayr, genus nov.b

*Sipia berlepschi (Hartert).0 BERLEPSCH'S ANTBIRD.

Pyriglena berlepschi HARTERT, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 7, 1898, p. 29 (Cachavi,
Prov. Esmeraldas, nw. Ecuador; type in Tring Museum examined by C. E. H. ;
= o" ad.); idem, Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 493 (Cachavi).

• This species appears to be restricted to the swampy districts of w. Matto
Grosso. It is allied to C. nigricans, to which the male bears a certain resemblance, but
has a longer tail with much shorter white ends, and much narrower white edges to
the upper wing coverts. The female, of course, is quite different, having the under
parts light cinereous, freckled with white on throat and middle of belly. Six males,
four females examined by C. E. H.

b Sipia HELLMAYR, genus nov.

Nearest to Cercomacra, but tail very much shorter (two-thirds as long as, instead
of being equal to, or even longer than, the wing) and much less graduated (the outer
most rectrix falling short of the penultimate one by only four millimetres); icctrices
decidedly narrower; tarsus much longer and stronger.

Type: Pyriglena berlepschi HARTERT.

0 Sipia berlepschi (HARTERT) : Male uniform deep black, except a large concealed
white interscapular patch; female rather duller black, the abdomen slate blackish;
throat, foreneck, middle of breast, as well as lesser and median upper wing coverts
with very distinct, though sometimes slight, white apical spots or edges; white
interscapular patch smaller. Wing (7 cf c? ad.) 67-69, (699) 64-68; tail 43-47^
(<?) 41-46; tarsus, 25-27; bill 19-20 (9) 18-19. — C. E. H.

1 92 4. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 225

Thamnophilus cachabiensis HARTERT, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 7, 1898, p. 29 (Cachavi,
nw. Ecuador; type in Tring Museum examined by C. E. H.; = 9 ad.);
idem, Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 491 (Cachavi).

Cercomacra berlepschi HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 612 (Cachavi, Caron-
delet, San Javier, Bulun, Ventana, nw. Ecuador; crit.); HELLMAYR, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1911, p. 1167 (S. Joaquim, Sipi, Choc6, w. Colombia); CHAPMAN,
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 381 (Bagado, near the sources of
the Atrato River; Baudo, Novita, S. Jos6, Barbacoas, Buena Vista (Narifio),
Pacific coast of Colombia).

Range: Pacific coast of Colombia (from the sources of the Atrato
River southwards) and northwestern Ecuador (Prov. Esmeraldas).
i: Ecuador (Rio Cayapas i).

Sipia rosenbergi (Harteri).* ROSENBERG'S ANTBIRD.

Cercomacra rosenbergi HARTERT, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 7, 1898, p. 29 (Cachavi,
Prov. Esmeraldas, nw. Ecuador; type in Tring Museum examined by C. E. H. ;
descr. o71); idem. Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 492 (Cachavi).

Range: Tropical zone of western Colombia (San Jose", Choco) and
northwestern Ecuador, Prov. Esmeraldas (Cachavi, 500 feet, Lita
3,000 feet).

Genus PYRIGLENA Cabanis.

Pyriglena CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13, (i), 1847, p. 211 (type by subs, desig.,
Gray, 1855, "Myiothera domicilla MAX" = Turdus leucopterus VIEILLOT).

*Pyriglena leucoptera ( Vieillot}. WHITE-WINGED FIRE-EYE.

Turdus leucopterus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. fid., 20, 1818,
p. 272 ("Bresil"; the types examined by C. E. H. in Paris Museum were
obtained by Delalande, Jr., in the neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro).

Lanius domicetta LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., 1823, p. 47 (Bahia).

• Sipia rosenbergi (HARTERT) : Male above dark slate gray, with an extensive white
interscapular blotch; wings and tail slate black; upper wing coverts each with a well-
defined, rounded, large white apical spot; feathers on bend of wing black, with a
broad mesial streak of white; sides of head and under parts scarcely lighter slate
gray than the back; no trace of pale quill lining. Wing (four o* d") 66-69; tail 45-51 ;
tars., 27; bill 18^-19.

This species differs from the genotype in slightly slenderer tarsus and in the bill
being conspicuously narrower and more strongly compressed in its terminal portion.
In coloration it is not unlike C. n. nigrescens, but in addition to the structural char-
acters it may immediately be recognized by the large roundish white spots on the
upper wing coverts, the lesser extent of white on the campterium, and by lacking
the pale margin along the inner web of the rectrices.

Besides the type (from Cachavi) in the Tring Museum, I have examined a
second adult male secured by G. Flemming at Lita, alt. 3,000 feet, on Sept. 10, 1899,
in Mr. W. F. H. Rosenberg's possession, and two males (in first annual plumage)
from Choc6, w. Colombia, in the collection of the American Museum of Nat. Hist.
One, No. 107,649, was obtained by W. B. Richardson, at San Jose, alt. 200 feet,
November 27, 1900; the other, No. 123345, by Mrs. E. L. Kerr (locality and date of
capture not specified). The female of S. rosenbergi is yet unknown. — C. E. H.

226 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Drymophila trifasciata SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., 2, No. 6, July 1825, p. 152
(S. Brazil); idem, Zool. Illus., (2nd ser.), i, 1829, text to pi. 27 (inscribed
"M. bicincta") ("Forests of Pitangua, Bahia").

Thamnophilus pallwtus (not of LICHTENSTEIN, 1823) LESSON, Rev. Zool., 2, 1839,
p. 104 (descr. o"; "Bresil").

Myrmeciza melanura STRICKLAND, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 13, 1844, p. 417 (local-
ity unknown: = 9 ; see SALVIN, Cat. Strickl. Coll., 1882, p. 349-50).

Lanius notodelos (Cuvier Ms.) PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, livr. 3, 1855,
p. 326 (descr. cf, 9 ; types from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, coll. by Dela-
lande, Jr., examined in Paris Museum).

Myiothera domicella WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831, p. 1058 (e. Brazil).

Formicivora domicella MENETRIES, M£m. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb., (6th ser.),
Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 503, pi. 7, figs, i (o"), 2(9) (Brazil).

Pyriglena domicella BURMEISTER, System. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 59 (descr.
cf, 9 ; Brazil); EULER, Journ. Ornith., 1867, p. 401 (biol.).

Pyriglena leucoptera SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 246 (monogr.) ; PELZELN,
Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 85 (Rio de Janeiro, Registo do Sai; Mattodentro,
Ypanema, S. Paulo); idem, Nunquam otiosus, 2, 1874, p. 291 (Novo Fri-
burgo); BERLEPSCH, Journ. Ornith., 1873, p. 254 (Blumenau, Santa Cath-
arina); REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren. Kjobenh., 1870,
p. 363 (Lagoa Santa, Minas); CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 1874, p. 85 (Canta-
gallo, Rio); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 269 (se. Brazil: Bahia,
Rio, S. Pauloa); BOUCARD and BERLEPSCH, The Humming Bird, 2, 1892,
p. 44 (Porto Real, Rio); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 1899, p. 244 (S. Paulo
localities); EULER, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, 1900, p. 65 (nest and eggs descr.);
JHERING, 1. c., p. 158 (Cantagallo, Novo Friburgo); idem, Cat. Faun. Braz.,
i, 1907, p. 215 (S. Paulo: Ypiranga, Piracicaba, S. Jos6 de Rio Pardo, IguapS,
S. Sebastiao, Itarar£, Ubatuba) ; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc.
Philom. Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 35 (crit., types of species); MENEGAUX,
Rev. Franc. d'Ornith., 114, 1918, p. 318 (Villa Lutetia, near San Ignacio,
Misiones); BERTONI, Faun. Parag., 1914, p. 51 (Puerto Bertoni; Iguassu);
HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 12, No. 2, 1915, p. 148 (Victoria, Esp.
Santo); DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, 1914, p. 328 (Iguazu, Misiones);
idem, El Hornero, i, 1919, p. 264 (Santa Ana, Porto Segundo, Misiones);
LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12, (2), 1920, p. 99 (Ilheos to Belmonte, s. Bahia).

Pyriglena lencoptera (err. typ.) HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss,, 22,
No. 3, 1906, p. 621 (descr. d", 9 ; s. Brazil, from Bahia to Santa Catharina).

Thamnophilus leuconotus (not of SPIX, 1825) BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., 1901,
p. 134 (descr. d\ 9 ; Alto Parana, Paraguay).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, from southern Bahia and Minas
Geraes (Lagoa Santa, Rio Jordao near Araguary) to Santa Catharina,
and adjoining portions of Paraguay (Alto Parana), and Argentina
(Misiones). b

11 The locality "Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul" is unquestionably erroneous, while
Rio Claro, "Goyaz", refers to the city of that name in the State of Sao Paulo!

b Two males from Bahia and Minas Geraes (Rio Jordao) in the Tring Museum
agree perfectly with more southern examples. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 227

10 : Brazil (Bahia i, Sao Sebastiao i, Victoria 3, Faz. Cayoa, Rio
Paranapanema, S. Paulo 5).

*Pyriglena atra (Swainsori) .• SWAINSON'S FIRE -EYE.

Drymophila atra SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., 2, No. 6, July 1825, p. 153 (Pitangua,

Est. Bahia, e. Brazil; descr. o* ad.).
Formicivora atra MENETRIES, Mem. Acad. Sci. St. PStersb., (6th ser.), 3, Part 2

(Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 505 (ex SWAINSON).
Pyriglena atra BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 60 (Bahia; descr.

d"); HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 622

(Bahia; crit.; descr. o", 9); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i,

1907. P- 215 (Bahia).

Range: Eastern Brazil (Province of Bahia).
2: Bahia (i), S. Amaro, near Bahia (i).

*Pyriglena leuconota leuconota (Spix).*> SPIX'S FIRE-EYE.

Myothera leuconota SPIX, Av. Bras., i, 1824, p. 72, pi. 72, fig. 2 (= 9 ) (Para; type
in Munich Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Thamnophilus leuconotus SPIX, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 28, pi. 39, fig. 2 (= o") (Pard;
type lost, formerly in Munich Museum; see HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl.
Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 662).

Pyriglena atra (not of SWAINSON) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 246 (part;
Pard); SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1867, p. 576 (Pard); LAYARD, Ibis, 1873,
p. 387 (Para); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 270 (part; Pard,
Pernambuco).

Pyriglena maura (not of MENETRIES) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 85 (part;
Pard; "Cayenne," ex Becoeur).

Pyriglena leuconota HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905, p. 290 (Igarape-Assu,
Pard); BERLEPSCH, 1. c., 15, 1908, p. 162 ("Cayenne," ex Becoeur); SNETH-
LAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 309 (Para, Mocajatuba, Ananindeuba,
Benevides, S. Isabel, Peixe-Boi, S. Antonio, Pard distr. ; Rio Guamd (S. Mig-
uel), Rio Tocantins (Cametd, Arumatheua); (?) Rio Curud, left tributary
of the R. Xingu).

• Pyriglena atra (SWAINSON) : Male immediately recognizable from those of the
P. leuconota group (which it resembles in the absence of white on wings) by the pat-
tern of the interscapular feathers. These are extensively white at base, succeeded
on subapical portion of outer web by an elongated mark of black which, in turn,
is conspicuously margined with white laterally as well as terminally. Female very
similar to that of P. leucoptera (and like that bird without trace of white interscapular
patch), but with much shorter tail and of a brighter, more rufescent brown tinge
on crown, back and exposed portion of wings.

Eight males measure: wing 78-83; tail 73-78; bill 18-19. Six females measure:
wing 72-76; tail 69-73; bill 19.

This rare bird is possibly only a northern race of P. leucoptera, but, as long as
we know so little about its range, it may well stand as a separate species. — C. E. H.

b Pyriglena leuconota leuconota (Spix) : Male differs from P. atra in having the
interscapular feathers white at base only, the entire terminal portion being black;
female recognizable by the large white interscapular blotch. From those of the
other leuconota races it may be distinguished by lacking the white supraloral and
superciliary stripe. — C. E. H.

228 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Pyriglena leuconota leuconota HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22,
No. 3, 1906, p. 620 (crit.), 622 (diag. o", 9 ; Para, Pernambuco; "Cayenne"
ex Becoeur); idem, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 370 (S. Antonio do Prata); idem,
Abhandl. math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 47 (Souza,
Murucutu, near Belem; Peixe-Boi, Ipitinga), 93 (Para localities); JEERING
and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 216 (Para, Pernambuco, "Cay-
enne"); HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 83, Abt. A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 107 in text
(range, crit.).

"Pyriglena atra (Sw.)=P. leuconota (Spix)" (sic) SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith.,
55. 1907, p. 286 (Para, S. Antonio).

Pyriglena lenconota (err. typ.) REISER, Denkschr. math.-naturw. Kl. Akad.
Wiss. Wien, 76, 1910, p. 100 (Miritiba, Maranhao; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Northeastern Brazil, in states of Pernambuco, Maranhao
and Para, ranging west to the Tocantins."

4: Maranhao (Tury-assu 4).

Pyriglena leuconota maura (Menttri£s).b MENETRIES'S FIRE -EYE.

Formicivora maura MENETRIES, M6m. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb., (6th ser.), 3,

Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 506, pi. 7, fig. i (interscapular feather of cf)

("Minas Geraes," locality no doubt erroneous, we substitute Matto Grosso;

type, o" ad., in Petrograd Museum examined by C. E. H.); CHROSTOWSKI,

Ann. Zool. Mus. Polon. Hist. Nat., i, 1921, p. 23 (type in Petrograd Museum).
Tamnophilus aterrimus LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool.,

7, cl. 2, 1837, p. ii (part; type [o*] from Chiquitos, e. Bolivia, in Paris

Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Tamnophilus domicella (not of LICHTENSTEIN) idem, 1. c., p. 11 (Chiquitos).
Formicivora domicella D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Am6r. mSrid., Ois., 1838, p. 178

(Mission of Santa Ana, Chiquitos; part; descr. 9, spec, in Paris Museum

examined by C. E. H.).
Formicivora atra (not of SWAINSON) D'ORBIGNY, 1. c., p. 179, pi. 5, fig. 2 (= cf)

(part; Chiquitos, Guarayos, e. Bolivia).

• Birds from Maranhao are perfectly identical with topotypes from Para, while
two from Pernambuco have conspicuously larger bills. The locality "Cayenne,"
resting on a male specimen in the Vienna Museum purchased from the dealer Becoeur
of Paris, requires confirmation. Birds from the Roi Curua (an affluent of the Xingti)
we have not seen. They are probably referable to a very interesting race shortly
to be described by Mr. W. E. C. Todd, which, in the female sex, closely resembles
P. I. picea of Peru.

b Pyriglena leuconota maura (MENETRIES) : Male not distinguishable from P. I.
leuconota; but female differing by having a very distinct white streak above lores
and eye; darker, more blackish loral spot; buff (instead of sooty gray) cheeks; lighter
rufescent brown (instead of deep rufous brown) upper parts, without any trace of
the blackish subapical zone, separating the white basis from the brown tip, on the
interscapular feathers.

Measurements of five males from Matto Grosso: wing 74, 75, 77, 78, 81; tail
70, 73, 75, 77, 771 bill 16^-17.

Two females from Matto Grosso: wing 73, 74; tail 67, 71; bill 155^-16.

One male from Chiquitos, Bolivia: wing 78; tail 73^; bill 16.

One female from Chiquitos, Bolivia: wing, 75; tail, 71; bill, istf. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 229

Pyriglena maura BURMEISTER, System. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 60 (ex MENE-
TRIES); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 85 (part; Rio das Frechas, Engenho
do Gama, w. Matto Grosso).

Pyriglena leucoptera (err.) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 625
(Santa Ana, Chiquitos; ex Formicivora domicella D'ORB.).

Pyriglena atra (not of SWAINSON) SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., p. 625 (part;
Chiquitos; ex Formicivora atra D'ORB.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 270 (part; spec, g ex Engenho do Gama); SALVADOR:, Boll. Mus.
Torino, 15, No. 378, 1900, p. 9 (Urucum, Matto Grosso).

Pyriglena leuconata (err. typ.) maura HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Akad.
Wiss., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 623 (diag. cf , 9 ; "Minas Geraes"; Matto Grosso).

Pyriglena leuconota maura JHERING and JEERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907,
p. 216 ("Minas Geraes," Matto Grosso); HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85,
A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 107 (range); idem, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 201 (crit. on
D'Orbigny's specimens; range); CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 67, Apr.
1923, p. 6 in text (Tapirapoan, Urucum, Matto Grosso).

Range: Western Matto Grosso (Urucum, Tapirapoan, Engenho do
Gama, Rio das Frechas) and eastern Bolivia (Santa Ana de Chiquitos).

Pyriglena leuconota hellmayri Stolzmann and Domaniewski.* HELL-
MAYR'S FIRE-EYE.

Pyriglena leuconota hellmayri STOLZMANN and DOMANIEWSKI, Compt. Rend.
Soc. Sci. Varsovie, n, fasc. 2, 1918, p. 179, 184 (Chulumani, Yungas, w. Boliv-
ia); HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 107 in text (Yungas
of w. Bolivia: Chulumani, Rio Chajro, San Antonio, Omeja); CHAPMAN,
Amer. Mus. Novit., 67, 1923, p. 6, in text (Mapiri, Vermejo, Santa Cruz).

Tamnophilus aterrimus LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool.,
7, cl. 2, 1837, p. ii (part; Yungas).

Formicivora atra (not of SWAINSON) D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Am6r. mend., Ois.,
1838, p. 179 (part; Rio Chajro, Yungas).

Pyriglena atra SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 625 (ex D'ORBIGNY,
part; "Rio de Chairo," Yungas).

Pyriglena picea (not of CABANIS) ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889,
p. 96 (Mapiri, Bolivia).

Pyriglena maura aterrima (errore!) HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Akad.
Wiss., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 623 (descr. a", 9 ; hab. part; Omeja, Songo, San
Antonio, Chulumani, Yungas of La Paz, Bolivia).

Range: Yungas of Bolivia (in depts. of La Paz and Santa Cruz
[Vermejo]).

• Pyriglena leuconota hellmayri STOLZMANN and DOMANIEWSKI: Differs from
P. I. maura by averaging larger, the tail and bill especially so, and several details in
coloration of female; the loral region being more blackish, the upper parts more
olivaceous, the ochreous tinge of the foreneck extended over the throat, and the
olivaceous brown of the flanks more extensive. The whitish supraloral and super-
ciliary stripe is as well pronounced as in the female of P. I. maura.

Four males, w. Yungas: wing 78, 81, 83, 84; tail 77-81; bill 17-18.

Two females, w. Yungas: wing 77, 77; tail 68-74; bill l6#- — C. E. H.

230 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Pyriglena leuconota marcapatensis Stolzmann and Domaniewski.*
MARCAPATA VALLEY FIRE-EYE.

Pyriglena leuconota, marcapatensis STOLZMANN and DOMANIEWSKI, Compt.
Rend. Soc. Sci. Varsovie, n, fasc. 2, 1918, p. 180, 185 (descr. 9 ; Huaynapata,
Marcapata, se. Peru); HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920,
p. 106 (San Gaban, Carabaya); CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Nov., 67, 1923, p. 7
(Santo Domingo, Rio Tavara).

Pyriglena maura aterrima (errore) BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, 1906,
p. 117 (Huaynapata).

Range: Southeastern Peru, in depts. of Cuzco (Marcapata) and
Puno (Carabaya).

*Pyriglena leuconota picea Cabanis.b CABANIS'S FIRE-EYE.

Pyriglena picea CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13, (i), 1847, p. 212 (descr. o", "Peru,"
coll. Tschudi; we suggest Chanchamayo, Dept. Junin, as type locality);
TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 530 (Paltaypampa, Ropaybamba) ;
idem, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 56 (descr. d% 9 ; same localities); SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 270 (part; cf ex Ropaybamba); STOLZMANN
and DOMANIEWSKI, Compt. Rend. Soc. Sci. Varsovie, n, 1918, p. 177, 182
(descr. cf, 9 ; Paltaypampa, La Gloria); HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A,
Heft 10, 1920, p. 108 (crit.; type locality: c. Peru, Dept. Junin); CHAPMAN,
Amer. Mus. Novit., 67, 1923, p. 7 (Tulmayo, Chelpes, Utcuyacu, Dept.
Junin).

Formicivora atra (not of SWAINSON) TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10, (i), 1844,
p. 278 (Peru) ; idem, Faun. Peru., Aves, 1846, p. 175 (wooded region of c. Peru).

Pyriglena maura picea BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 383
(La Gloria, Chanchamayo; Garita del Sol, Vitoc).

Pyriglena maura aterrima (err.) HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayer. Ak. Wiss.,
22, No. 3, 1906, p. 623 (part; La Gloria, Garita del Sol, Paltaypampa, Ropay-
bamba, c. Peru; Nuevo Loreto, R. Mixiollo, east of Tayabamba, n. Peru).

Range: Central and northern Peru, in depts. Junin, Huanuco,
and Loreto (Nuevo Loreto, east of Tayabamba).

i: Peru (Vista Alegre i).

••Pyriglena leuconota marcapatensis STOLZMANN and DOMANIEWSKI: Female
differing from that of the preceding race by darker rufous brown upper parts,
more blackish rump, less conspicuous whitish supraloral stripe, darker sides of head
and throat, and decidedly darker, more rufescent brownish abdomen. Wing 74;
tail 76; bill 17. No male seen by C. E. H.

b Pyriglena leuconota picea CABANIS: Male not distinguishable from P. I. hell-
mayri; female recognizable at a glance by having the pileum, sides of the head and
throat sooty black (without the slightest trace of the whitish superciliary streak
and subocular spot), the under parts vandyke brown, slightly mixed with grayish
olive along middle line; by lacking the sooty blackish rump, etc. etc.

Two males, Junin wing 78, 80; tail 78, 80; bill 17.

Two females, Junin wing 76, 76; tail 77, 78; bill 17^. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 231

Pyriglena leuconota castanoptera Chubb.* BLACK-BELLIED FIRE-EYE.

Pyriglena casianopterus (sic) CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 36, Feb. 1916, p. 47
("Braza" = Baeza, e. Ecuador; descr. 9); CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
67, 1923, p. 7, in text (Sabanilla, Rio Zamora, e. Ecuador; Andalucia and
La Candela, head of Magdalena Valley, Colombia).

Pyriglena leuconota castanoptera HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10,
1920, p. 108, in text (e. Ecuador; La Candela and "Anolaima" (= Andalucia)
(Colombia).

Pyriglena picea (not of CABANIS) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,
19I7i P- 381 (La Candela, "Anolaima" [ = Andalucia], Colombia).

Range: Eastern Ecuador (Baeza, Rio Zamora), and Colombia, near
the sources of the Magdalena River (La Candela, Andalucia).

*Pyriglena leuconota pacifica Chapman* PACIFIC FIRE-EYE.

Pyriglena pacifica CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 67, April 1923, p. 6 (Puente
de Chimbo [type], Esmeraldas, Naranjo, Bucay, Rio Jubones, La Puente,
Portovelo, Cebollal, Alamor, w. Ecuador).

Pyriglena picea (not of CABANIS) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 279 (Baba-
hoyo), 294 (Esmeraldas); BERLEPSCH and TACZANOSWKI, 1. c., 1883, p. 566
(Chimbo); idem, 1. c., 1884, p. 302 (Cayandeled) ; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 270 (part; w. Ecuador).

Pyriglena maura aterrima (errore!) HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Akad.
Wiss., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 633 (part; w. Ecuador, Chimbo, Cayandeled).

Pyriglena leticonota aterrima, MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. G6ogr. Mes. Arc Merid.
Equal., 9, 1911, p B. 34 (Gualea).

Pyriglena spec. ? STOLZMANN and DOMANIEWSKI, Compt. Rend. Soc. Sci. Var-
sovie, ii, 1918, p. 178, 184 (Cayandeled; crit.).

Range : Western Ecuador, from Esmeraldas to Alamor.
2: Ecuador (Chimbo 2).

• Pyriglena leuconota castanoptera CHUBB: Male indistinguishable from P. /.
picea, but female easily recognizable by the entirely black under surface, deeper
rufous brown upper parts, and by the white bases of the interscapular feathers
being separated from the rufous brown tips by a broad, sooty black subterminal
zone. Wing 78 (cf ), 75 ( 9); tail 81; bill 17^.— C. E. H.

b Pyriglena leuconota pacifica CHAPMAN: Male similar to P. I. castanoptera;
female quite different, having the upper parts saccardo's umber (instead of chestnut
brown), the lores smoke gray, the auriculars light umber brown (in castanoptera the
top and sides of head are black) and the under parts, except the sooty tail coverts,
dingy buffy brown, lighter on throat, more brownish on flanks. It closely resembles
the female of P. atra, but may be immediately recognized by possessing a large semi-
concealed white interscapular blotch.

Three males from Chimbo: wing 74-76; tail 73; bill 18-19. Two females from
Chimbo and Naranjo: wing 73-76; tail 71, 72; bill 18. — C. E. H.

232 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Genus RHOPORNIS Richmond.

Rhopocichla (not of DATES, 1889) ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3, Feb.

1891, p. 201 (type Myiothera ardesiaca WIED).
Rhopornis RICHMOND, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 15, 1902, p. 25 (new name for

Rhopocichla ALLEN, not of GATES).

Rhopornis ardesiaca (Wied).* SLATE-COLORED ANTCATCHER.

Myiothera ardesiaca WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831, p. 1055 (se. Brazil,
locality not specified; descr. cf, 9 ; male type in Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist,
examined by C., E. H.).

Formicivora ardesiaca MENETRIES, M6m. Ac. Sci. St. PStersb., (6th ser.), 3,
Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 507 (ex WIED).

Hypocnemis myiotherina (not of SPIX) ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,

2, 1889, p. 255.

Rhopocichla ardesiaca ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3, Feb. 1891, p. 199

(crit.; descr. o" type in American Museum Nat. Hist.).
Rhopornis ardesiaca JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 216 (ex WIED; "Bahia").

Range: Southeastern Brazil (exact locality unknown).

Genus MYRMOBORUS Cabanis and Heine.

Myrmoborus CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 9 (type by orig.
desig. Pithys leucophrys TSCHUDI).

*Myrmoborus leucophrys leucophrys (Tschudi). WHITE-BROWED
ANTCREEPER.

Pithys leucophrys TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10, (i), 1844, p. 278 (Peru; descr. cf);
idem, Faun. Peru., Aves, 1846, p. 176, pi. n, fig. 2 ("Lithys" leucophrys on
plate) (the type locality is Montana de Vitoc, on the Rio Tullumayo, where
it connects the Tingo with the Aynamayo, Dept. Junin).

* Rhopornis ardesiaca (WIED) : "Adult male above nearly uniform dark plum-
beous, wings and tail (especially the latter) darker; below deep ash gray, a little lighter
on the middle of the abdomen; whole throat including foreneck deep black, strictly
limited laterally to the space between the mandibular rami; cheeks, sides of face,
including the eye region and ear coverts, ash gray like the lower parts; lesser median
and greater wing coverts broadly edged with pure white; outer web of first primary
edged with white; rest of remiges edged with gray, and the rectrices with deep
plumbeous like the color of the back; axillaries and inner surface of wings gray, like
the flanks." Wing 75; tail 78; bill 18. (ALLEN, 1. c.)

Female: Upper parts pale grayish brown, more grayish on pileum and mantle,
more fulvous on rump and greater upper wing coverts, the latter edged with pale
fulvous brown; under parts light fulvous, darkest on breast. (Translated from
Wied's description).

This peculiar bird, of which the (male) type in the American Museum appears to
be the only existing specimen, is very distinct generically. It is perhaps nearest to
Pyriglena, but has a very differently shaped, much more compressed bill, propor-
tionately longer tail, etc.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 233

Hypocnemis leucophrys SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 146 (Bogota);

idem, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 252 (part; e. Peru, Bogota); SCLATER and SALVIN,

P. Z. S. Lond., 1875, p. 237 (S. Cristobal, Tachira); TACZANOWSKJ, Orn.

P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 67 (part; excl. Oyapoc, Cayenne); BERLEPSCH, Journ

Ornith., 37, 1889, p. 304 (Tarapoto, R. Huallaga); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus.

Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 96 (Reyes, Rio Beni, Bolivia); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.

Mus., 15, 1890, p. 288 (part; spec. 1-s, Bogota; San Cristobal, Venezuela);

BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 384 (La Merced, Chan-

chamayo); idem, Ornis, 13, 1906, p. 118 (Rio Garrote, Marcapata).
Hypocnemis leucophrys leucophrys HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 19 in

text (range); idem, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 113 (Yahuarmayo,

San Gaban, Chaquimayo, n. Puno, Peru).
Myrmoborus leucophrys leucophrys CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,

1917, p. 386 (Buena Vista, Villavicencio, La Morelia, e. Colombia).
Piihys erythrophrys SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 22, "1854," publ. April 1855, p. 255,

pi. 72, fig. i ("Bogota"; = 9 ad.).
Hypocnemis erythrophrys SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 146 (Bogota);

idem, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 252 (Bogota).

Range : Tropical zone of the Andes, from southwestern Venezuela
(La Raya, La Providencia, Merida, San Cristobal, Tachira) and Col-
ombia (east slope of eastern range) through eastern Peru (depts. Lor-
eto, Huanuco, Junin, Cuzco, northern Puno) to northern Bolivia (Rio
San Mateo, Rio Chapare", Yungas of Cochabamba).'

8: Peru (Vista Alegre 2, Puerto Bermudez 2, Moyobamba 2);
Bolivia (Todos Santos, Rio Chapare" 2).

*Myrmoborus leucophrys angustirostris (Cabanis).b SCHOMBURGK'S
ANTCREEPER.

Conopophaga angustirostris CABANIS in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, 1848,
p. 685 (coastal forests of British Guiana; descr. 9).

Myrmonax leucophrys (not of TSCHUDI) CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13, (i), 1847,
p. 21 1 (British Guiana; descr. o"); idem, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana,
3, 1848, p. 684 (Brit. Guiana).

Hypocnemis leucophrys (not Pithys leucophrys TSCHUDI) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond.,
26, 1858, p. 252 (part; Brit. Guiana); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 88
(Borba, Rio Madeira; spec, examined by C. E. H.); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 428
(Bartica Grove); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 288 (part; spec,
a-k, Rio Javarri, Bartica Grove, Takutu River, Brit. Guiana) ; GOELDI, Ibis,
1897, p. 154 (Counany, n. Brazil); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9,
1902, p. 78 (Nericagua, Munduapo, Capuano, Orinoco R.; Suapure, La Union,

• One male, one female, Andes of M6rida, two males, S. Cristobal, Tachira,
Venezuela; 30 "Bogota," 17 Peru, 5 Yungas of Cochabamba, Bolivia, examined
by C. E. H.

b Myrmoborus leucophrys angustirostris (CABANIS) : Male differs from that of the
typical race by having the under parts (below the black throat) of a much paler
plumbeous; female hardly distinguishable, but generally less russet above. Seventy-
nine specimens examined by C. E. H.

234 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

La Pricion, Caura R., Venezuela); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 5, 1905, p. 442
(Rio Jurua); idem, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 221 (Rio Jurua); SNETHLAGE,
Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 287 (Counany).

Hypocnemis leucophrys angustirostris HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 19
(Itaituba, R. Tapaj6z; characters), 20 (range), 68 (Teff6, Rio Solimoes),
378 (Humaytha, Rio Madeira); 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 357 (Calama, Marmellos,
Jamarysinho, Rio Madeira); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 17
(Cachoeira, Bom Lugar, Monte Verde, Rio Purus), 532 (Arumatheua,
R. Tocantins); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 159 (Approuague, French
Guiana); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 61, 1913, p. 528 (ecology); idem, Bol.
Mus. Goeldi, 8, 19141 P- 298 (Bocca de Manapici, Arumatheua, R. Tocantins;
Tucunarfi, R. Jamauchim; Cachoeira, Bom Lugar, Monte Verde, Rio Purus;
Counany, S. Antonio da Cachoeira, Rio Jary, Rio Maecuni) ; BEEBE, Trop.
Wild Life, I, 1917, p. 132 (Bartica Grove).

Myrmoborus leucophrys CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 290
(R. Orinoco, above the Falls of Maipures; Caura R.).

Myrmoborus leucophrys angustirustris (sic) BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 62, 1918, p. 70 (Paramaribo, Surinam).

Thamnophilus myotherinus (not of SPIX) SPIX, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 30, pi. 42,
fig. 2 (= o") (part; descr. of alleged " 9").

Myrmonax lugubris (not of CABANIS) BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3,
1856, p. 66 (ex SPIX, pi. 42, fig. 2).

Myrmoborus angustirostris CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 65 (Brit.
Guiana).

Range: Lowlands of the great Amazonian forest, from French
Guiana through southern Venezuela to the upper Orinoco, and from
the Tocantins west to the Rio Solimoes and Rio Javarri, south to the
upper Rio Madeira (Humaytha, Rio Machados).

2: Brazil (Serra da Lua, near Boa Vista, Rio Branco i); Surinam
(vicinity of Paramaribo i).

Myrmoborus lugubris lugubris (Cabanis).* PLAIN-WINGED ANT-
CREEPER.

Myrmonax lugubris CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13, (i), 1847, p. 211 (no locality
given; the type, examined in Berlin Museum by C. E. H., is said to be from
"Para"; see LICHTENSTEIN, Nomencl. Av. Mus. Berol., 1854, p. 22; descr.
c? ad.).

• Myrmoborus lugubris lugubris (CABANIS): Male above light plumbeous; fore-
head largely whitish; sides of head and throat black; rest of under parts whitish,
washed with pale cinereous on flanks. Female with forehead and sides of head clear
cinnamon rufous, passing through the cinnamon brown of the crown into russet
brown on the back; wing coverts russet brown, the median and greater series largely
tipped with cinnamomeous; tail russet brown; under surface white; flanks tinged
with buffy brown; lower mandible yellowish white. Wing (three c^d") 73-75 •
(one 9) 73; tail 47-48; bill 18^-19^-

This species is allied to H. myotherinus melanolaema (ScL.), but is larger, has a
longer, somewhat differently shaped bill, and lacks the white dorsal patch as well
as the white edges to the upper wing coverts. The female more nearly resembles that
of M. leucophrys, but has the lower mandible whitish instead of black and lacks the
ferruginous superciliary stripe, while the apical spots to the wing coverts are much
darker and much less distinct. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 235

Heterocnemis (?) hypoleuca RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 10, Aug. 1888, p. 523
(Diamantina, near Santarem, Rio Tapaj6z; type in U. S. Nat. Museum exam-
ined by C. E. H.; = 9 ad.).

Hypocnemis hypoleuca CHAPMAN and RIKER, Auk, 8, 1891, p. 29 (Santarem);
JEERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 221 (Diamantina).

Hypocnemis lugubris CHAPMAN and RIKER, Auk, 8, 1891, p. 29 (Diamantina,
Santarem; cf examined by C. E. H.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 379
(part; spec, i, 2, "Para," Paricatuba, near Santarem); SNETHLAGE, Journ.
Ornith., 61, 1913, p. 529 (Obidos, Far6, north bank; mouth of Tapaj6z);
idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 299 (Monte Alegre, Obidos, Rio Jamunda
[Faro]).

Hypocnemis lugubris lugubris HELLMAYR, Rev. Prang. d'Orn., i, No. u, March
1910, p. 163 (char, d", 9 ; Diamantina, near Santarem; Paricatuba, lower
Amazon).

Range: Northern Brazil, on the banks of the lower Amazon in
western portion of State of Grao Para (Santarem, Rio Tapajoz; Pari-
catuba, south bank; Monte Alegre, Obidos, Faro, north bank).

Myrmoborus lugubris femininus (Hellmayr).* BORBA ANTCREEPER.

Hypocnemis lugubris feminina HELLMAYR, Rev. Prang. d'Orn., i, No. n, March
1910, p. 164 (Borba, Rio Madeira) ; idem, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 360 (Borba);
SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 300 (Rio Madeira).

Hypocnemis lugubris (not of CABANIS) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 88, 163
(Borba, Rio Madeira; Anavehana, lower Rio Negro; spec, in Vienna Museum
examined by C. E. H.; descr. o", 9); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 289 (Borba); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 221 (Borba, Rio Negro,
"Matto Grosso"); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 379 (part; spec. 3-10,
Borba, one day's journey above Borba; Anavehana, Rio Negro).

Range: Northern Brazil, in State of Amazonas (Borba, lower Rio
Madeira ; Rio Anavillhana, a tributary of the Rio Negro, above Mandos).

Mynnoborus lugubris berlepschi (Hellmayr)* BERLEPSCH'S ANT-
CREEPER.

Hypocnemis lugubris berlepschi HELLMAYR, Rev. Prang. d'Orn., I, No. u,
March 1910, p. 165 (Nauta [type], Iquitos, ne. Peru).

• Myrmoborus lugubris femininus (HELLMAYR) : Male differs from the typical
form only by its smaller size and shorter, weaker bill; female easily recognizable by
having the sides of the head dull black; the crown and especially the forehead much
less rufous; the back less russet, and the apical spots to the larger wing coverts
much smaller. Wing (three o"o") 69, 70, 71, (five 9 9) 66-68; tail 40-45; bill
17-18.— C. E. H.

b Myrmoborus lugubris berlepschi (HELLMAYR) : Decidedly smaller than the
other races; male with under parts pale cinereous instead of whitish; female like
that of femininus, but sides of the head deeper black, without any trace of rufescent
shaft lines; chest pale cinereous (instead of white) and separated from white throat
by a narrow row of small blackish spots. Wing (two o"o*) 66, 67, (three 99);
tail 64-65; 35-38; bill 17-18.— C. E. H.

236 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Hypocnemis lugubris (not of CABANIS) TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 68
(Iquitos, Peru).

Range: Northeastern Peru, on the north bank of the Maranon
(Nauta, Iquitos).

Myrmoborus myotherinus myotherinus (Spix). BLACK-FACED ANT-
CREEPER.

Thamnophilus myotherinus SPIX, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 30, pi. 42, fig. i (=o*)
(part; descr. of o" only, type lost; no locality given, Rio lea, nw. Brazil
suggested as type locality by Hellmayr, 1920, p. 112, note i*).

Myiothera thamnophiloides VOIGT, Cuvier's Thierreich, i, 1831, p. 494 (new name
for Thamnophilus myotherinus SPIX).

Hypocnemis myotherina TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 3, 1886, p. 509 (Rio Tigre,
n. Peru; descr. 9 in Coll. Berlepsch examined by C. E. H.); HELLMAYR,
Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 664 (crit.).

Hypocnemis myiotherina SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 146 (Bogota);
idem, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 67 (Rio Napo), 251 (part; Bogota); SCLATER and
SALVIN, 1. c., 1867, p. 978 (Pebas); 1873, p. 276 (part; Pebas); BERLEPSCH,
Zeits. ges. Orn., 4, 1887, p. 185 (Bogota); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 288 (part; spec. 1-s, Rio Napo, Sarayacu, e. Ecuador, "Bogota,"
examined in Brit. Mus. by C. E. H.); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 65 (Baeza,
e. Ecuador; spec, examined by C. E. H.); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov.
Zool., 9, 1902, p. 78 (La Pricion, Nicare, Caura R., Venezuela); JHERING,
Cat. F. Bras., i, 1907, p. 221 (part; range, excl. Borba); SNETHLAGE, Bol.
Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p 298 (range; diagn.).

Hypocnemis myotherina myotherina HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 20 (diag.
d", 9; "Bogota"; e. Ecuador; Caura River, Venezuela; Pebas, Rio Tigre,
Nauta, n. Peru).

Myrmoborus myiotherina myiotherina CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull.,
2, 1916, p. 290 (La Pricion, Nicare, Caura R.).

Hypocnemis melanosticta (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858,
p. 67 (Rio Napo).

Hypocnemis elegans SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, June 1857, p. 47 (based on
Hypocnemis — ? SCLATER, 1. c., 23, 1855, p. 147, No. 187: "Bogota"; type in
British Museum examined by C. E. H.; =9 ad.); idem, 1. c., 26, 1858,
p. 252 (Bogota).

Myrmoborus myiotherinus elegans CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,
1917, p. 387 (La Morelia, Florencia, Rio Caqueta, se. Colombia).

Range: From the eastern slope of the eastern Andes of Colombia
("Bogotd"; Florencia, La Morelia, Rio Caqueta, Cuembi, Rio Putu-

• I am perfectly aware that Berlepsch and Hartert (Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 78)
have suggested Fonteboa, Rio Solimoes, as type locality, but I am not disposed to
accept their designation, since Spix's figure and description correspond much better
to the dark-bellied race found on the north bank of the Amazon. — C. E. H.

BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 237

mayo) through eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo, Sarayacu, Baeza) to the
north bank of the Rio Marafion (Pebas, Rio Tigre, Nauta), in northern
Peru; also in the Caura Valley, southern Venezuela."

*Myrmoborus myotherinus melanolaema (Sclater).b BLACK-THROATED
ANTCREEPER.

Hypocnemis melanolaema SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 22, "1854," publ. April 1855,
p. 254, pi. 72, fig. 2 ("in Peruvia, Chamicurros" ; the type, now in British
Museum, examined by C. E. H., is from "Peru," ex Verreaux; descr. c? ad.).

Hypocnemis melanosticta SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 22, "1854," publ. April 1855,
p. 254, pi. 73 ("in Peruvia, Chamicurros" ; the types, now in British Museum,
examined by C. E. H., are from "Peru," ex Verreaux; descr. d" juv., 9);
idem, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 251 (Chamicurros, e. Peru); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2,
1868, p. 88, Note 8 (Maynas, n. Peru; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Hypocnemis myiotherina (not of SPIX) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 251
(part; Chamicurros, upper Amazon) ; SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1867, p. 750,
757 (Xeberos, Yurimaguas, Chyavetas; spec, in British Museum examined
by C. E. H.); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 276 (part; Xeberos, Yurimaguas, Chyav-
etas, Chamicuros, Santa Cruz) ; TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1874, P- 531 (Monterico);
idem, 1. c., 1882, p. 32 (Yurimaguas); idem, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 65
(part; Peruvian localities, excl. Pebas); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 288 (part; spec, a-k, Yurimaguas, Xeberos, Chyavetas, Peru,
upper Amazon, examined by C. E. H.).

Hypocnemis myotherina melanolaema HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 21
(diag. d1, 9 ; S. Mateo, n. Bolivia; Chuchurras [Huanuco], Yurimaguas,
Chamicuros, Chyavetas, Peru), 379 (part; Humaytha, left bank of Rio
Madeira); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 358 (Humaytha); SNETHLAGE, Journ.
Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 17 (Cachoeira, Rio Punis); HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg.,
85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 112 (Yahuarmayo, San Gaban, n. Puno, se. Peru).

Hypocnemis myiotherina melanolaema SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914,
p. 299 (Cachoeira, Rio Punis).

Range : Upper Amazonia, from northern Peru south of the Marafion
in depts. Loreto (Yurimaguas, Xeberos, Chamicuros, Chyavetas,
Maynas), Huanuco (Chuchurras), Junin (Puerto Bermudez), north-
eastern Ayacucho (Monterico, Rio San Miguel) and northern Puno

• Birds from the north bank of the Rio Marafion agree perfectly with a large
series from eastern Ecuador, Cuembi and "Bogota," including the type of H. ete-
gans, particularly the females showing the same deep, nearly orange ochraceous tone on
the abdomen. Specimens from the Caura Valley do not differ either, as far as I can
see. Material examined: five o"c?, five 9 9 "Bogota"; one 9 Cuembi, Rio Putumayo,
se. Colombia; five d" d", two 9 9 Rio Napo; two <? d", one 9 Sarayacu; one d" Baeza,
e. Ecuador; one d", two 9 9 Rio Tigre, near Nauta; one d", one 9 Pebas, n. Peru;
four d"d", ten 99 Caura R., Venezuela.— C. E. H.

b Myrmoborus myotherinus melanolaema (SCLATER) : Male similar to M. m. myo-
therinus, but with breast and abdomen paler, whitish gray, only the flanks being
mouse gray; female like the typical race with pure white throat and pale lower man-
dible, but under parts much lighter, pale ochraceous buff, sometimes passing into
buff on middle of belly.— C. E. H.

238 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

(San Gaban, Yahuarmayo), east through western Brazil to the left
bank of the Rio Madeira (Humaytha), south to northern Bolivia,
Yungas of Cochabamba (Rio San Mateo, Rio Chapare").*

8: Peru (Yurimaguas 2, Puerto Bermudez 5), Bolivia (Todos Santos,
Rio Chapare" i).

Myrmoborus myotherinus sororius (Hellmayr).b BUFF-THROATED ANT-
CREEPER.

Hypocnemis myotherina sororia HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 358 (Calama,
Rio Madeira [type]; Jamarysinho, Maroins, Rio Machados).

Hypocnemis myiotherina sororia SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 299
(ex HELLMAYR).

Hypocnemis myotherina melanolaema (not of SCLATER) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool.,
14, 1907, p. 379 (part; Paraiso, Rio Madeira).

Range: Northern Brazil, on the right bank of the upper Rio Madeira
(Paraiso, Calama) and its tributary, the Machados.

Myrmoborus myotherinus ochrolaema (Hellmayr).* OCHREOUS-

THROATED ANTCREEPER.

Hypocnemis myotherina ochrolaema HELLMAYR, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, June
1906, p. 109 (Itaituba, Rio Tapaj6z); idem, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 20, 21
(Itaituba), 379 (Borba, Rio Madeira); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 359 (Borba);
JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 415 (ex HELLMAYR).

Hypocnemis myiotherina ochrolaema SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1918,
P- 5*3 (Villa Braga, R. Tapaj6z), 533 (Arumatheua, Alcobaca, R. Tocantins;

• There does not seem to be any difference between typical Peruvian specimens
and others from Bolivia and Humaytha, Rio Madeira. Material examined : four o* d" ,
four 9 9 Rio San Mateo; one d1 Rio Chapar6, Bolivia; three <? o", two 9 9 Humay-
tha, Rio Madeira; two o"o", one 9 San Gaban; one d1, one 9 Yahuarmayo, se.
Peru; four eft?, one 9 Puerto Bermudez, Junin; one o* Chuchurras, Huanuco; two
d"o", two 9 9 Yurimaguas; three 0*0", one 9 Chamicuros; one o* Xeberos; one
9 Chyavetas, n. Peru.— C. E. H.

b Myrmoborus myotherinus sororius (HELLMAYR) : Male much like M. m. melan-
olaema, but averaging smaller and under parts very slightly grayer. Female agreeing
with melanolaema in pale lower mandible, but breast and abdomen much darker,
deep ochraceous as in M. m. ochrolaema; differs, however, from both in having the
throat neither pure white (like melanolaema) nor deep ochraceous (like ochrolaema)
but light creamy buff, in conspicuous contrast to the color of the belly, and the
cheeks, as well as the malar region bright buff with narrow dusky cross lines. Wing
(ten 0*0") 62-65, (eight 9 9) 62-64; tail 37-42; bill 15-16^.— C. E. H.

0 Myrmoborus myotherinus ochrolaema (HELLMAYR) : Male nearest to M. m. mel-
anolaema, but under parts paler, almost white in the middle; superciliaries more
purely white, broader, and extended along upper margin of auriculars; female with
breast and belly deep (orange) ochraceous as in M. m. myotherinus, but readily dis-
tinguishable by the blackish (instead of whitish) lower mandible and by having the
throat deep ochraceous (like the chest) without any trace of dusky brown spots
across the foreneck. Wing (seven 0*0* ad.) 62-65, (four 99) 60-62; tail 37-51;
bill 16-17.— C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 239

spec, examined by C. E. H.); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 299 (Cam-
eta, Alcobaca, Arumatheua, R. Tocantins; Victoria, R. Xingii; Santarem,
Pinhel, Villa Braga, Villa Nova, Pimental, Rio Tapajoz; Tucunare, R. Jam-
auchim).

Hypocnemis myiotherina (not of SPIX) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 88 (Borba;
spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Range : Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the Tocantins
west to Borba, on the lower Rio Madeira.

Myrmoborus melanurus (Sclater and Salvin}.* BLACK-TAILED ANT-
CREEPER.

Hypocnemis melanura SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 186 (Casha-
boya, River Ucayali, e. Peru; types in British Museum examined by C. E. H.;
descr. d", 9); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 276 (upper Ucayali); TACZANOWSKI,
Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 69 (upper Ucayali); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 290 (Cashaboya, R. Ucayali); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull.
Soc. Philom. Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 47 (e. Peru; crit.); SNETHLAGE,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 300 (upper Amazon).

Range: Eastern Peru (Cashiboya, Rio Ucayali).

Genus HYPOCNEMIS Cabanis.

Hypocnemis CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13, (i), 1847, p. 212 (type by subs, desig.,
Gray, 1855, Formicarius cantator BODDAERT).

*Hypocnemis cantator cantator (Boddaerf). WARBLING ANTBIRD.

Formicarius cantatar (typogr. error) BODDAERT, Tabl. PI. enl., 1783, p. 44 (based
on "Le Carrilloneur, de Cayenne," Daubenton, PI. enl. 700, fig. 2).

Turdus tintinnabulatus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, (2), 1789, p. 862 (based on Dau-
benton, PI. enl. 700, fig. 2).

Turdus campanetta LATHAM, Ind. Orn., i, 1790, p. 359 (based on Daubenton,
PI. enl. 700, fig. 2).

Myrmotheravittata VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 12, 1817, p. 114

("Guyane" = Cayenne).
(l)Thamnophilus striatus SPIX, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 29, pi. 40, fig. 2 (= 9 ?) (no

locality given, type lost; see HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 23,

No. 3, 1906, p. 663).

• Myrmoborus melanurus (SCLATER and SALVIN) : Nearly allied to M. m. myo-
therinus and with similarly shaped bill, but without trace of a white interscapular
patch; male with crown as well as sides of head and throat black, without the
slightest indication of a whitish superciliary streak; under parts much darker slate
gray, hardly paler than the back; axillars and under wing coverts pure white (instead
of cinereous) ; female distinguishable by pure white (instead of buff) axillars and apical
edges of upper wing coverts, olive brown (not black) sides of head, much duller
olive fulvous chest and sides, extensively white middle of breast and abdomen, etc.
Wing (two <? d") 63, 66, (one 9) 63; tail 40-41; bill 17-18.— C. E. H.

240 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Hypocnemis cantator SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 250 (part; Cayenne);
PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 87 (part; Barra do Rio Negro = Manaos) ;
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 285 (part.: Cayenne, Surinam);
MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, 1904, p. 176 (Camopi, Ouanary, Saint-
Jean-du-Maroni) ; idem, 1. c., 14, 1908, p. 13 (French Guiana); JHERING,
Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 221 (part); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908,
p. 158 (Roche- Marie; Ipousin, Rio Approuague), 320 (Camopi, Ouanary,
Saint- Jean-du-Maroni, French Guiana); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8,
1914, p. 295 (Obidos; Far6, Rio Jamunda); BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 62, 1918, p. 69 (Paramaribo, Javaweg, Surinam).

Hypocnemis cantator cantator HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 32 (Obidos).

Hypocnemis tintinnabulatus CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13, (i), 1847, p. 212, pi. 4,
fig. i (part; Cayenne).

Range: French and Dutch Guiana; northern Brazil, south to the
north bank of the lower Amazon (Obidos; Faro, Rio Jamunda; Man-
aos).'

2: Brazil (Conceigao, Rio Branco).

*Hypocnemis cantator peruviana Taczanowski.b PERUVIAN WARBLING
ANTBIRD.

Hypocnemis cantator peruvianus TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 61 (Yuri-
maguas, n. Peru; descr. o", 9); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 442
(Rio Jurua; spec, examined by C. E. H.); idem, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 221
(Rio Jurua); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 19 (Itaituba, Rio Tapaj6z),
67 (Teff6, R. Solimoes), 377 (Humaytha, Rio Madeira); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910,
P- 353 (Calama; Maroins, R. Machados; range); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith.,
56, 1908, p. 17 (Bom Lugar, R. Punis), 512 (Villa Braga, Bellavista, R. Tapa-
J6z). 532 (Arumatheua, R. Tocantins); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914,
p. 296 (Cameta, Arumatheua, R. Tocantins; Victoria, R. Xingu; Rio Curua;
Boim, Villa Braga, Bellavista, R. Tapaj6z; Santa Elena, Tucunare, R. Jam-
• auchim; Bom Lugar, Rio Punis); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 20, 1921, p. 207

(Yuracares, n. Bolivia).

Hypocnemis cantator peruviana CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917,
p. 386 (part; La Morelia, se. Colombia; Zamora, e. Ecuador).

Hypocnemis cantator (not of BODDAERT) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 67
(Rio Napo), 250 (part; e. Peru, Chamicuros; Rio Napo); SCLATER and
SALVIN, 1. c., 1866, p. 186 (upper Ucayali) ; 1867, p. 750 (Xeberos, Chyavetas);
978 (Pebas); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 275 (upper Ucayali, Xeberos, Chyavetas,
Chamicuros, Santa Cruz, Pebas, n. Peru); TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1882, p. 32
(Yurimaguas); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 87 (part; Villa Maria,

• Twenty-five specimens from French Guiana, four from Surinam, two cT d" from
Manaos, one cf, one 9 from Obidos examined by C. E. H.

b Hypocnemis cantator peruviana TACZ. : Male differs from H. c. cantator by
possessing a large concealed white dorsal patch, and by the interscapulars being
coarsely spotted with black and laterally edged with white; while in the female the
anterior portion of the back shows faint dusky spots and a number of buff longitud-
inal streaks (instead of being uniform dull brownish olive).

BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 241

Engenho do Gama, w. Matto Grosso; Borba, Rio Madeira, spec, examined

by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat.B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 285 (part; Ega, Rio

Javarri, w. Brazil; Peru; Sarayacu, e. Ecuador).
Tamnophilus striatothorax (not Myothera strictothorax TEMMINCK) LAFRESNAYE

and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7, 1837, cl. 2, p. 12 (Bolivia).
Thamnophilus striatothorax D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Ame>. meiid., Ois., 1838, p. 176

(Yuracares, n. Bolivia; spec, in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.; descr.

c?).

Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon from the Tocan-
tinsa westward, south to western Matto Grosso, and northern Bolivia
(Yuracares); eastern Peru, in depts. Loreto and Junin (Puerto Ber-
mudez); eastern Ecuador and southeastern Colombia (Cuembi, Rio
Putumayo; La Morelia, Rio Caqueta).b

8: Peru (Moyobamba 5, Puerto Bermudez i); Brazil (Santarem 2).

*Hypocnemis cantator notaea Hellmayr." BRITISH GUIANA WARBLING
ANTBIRD.

Hypocnemis cantator notaea HELLMAYR, Anzeiger Orn. Ges. Bay., 3, Oct. 1920,

p. 19 (Merum6 Mts., British Guiana).
Hypocnemis tintinnabulata CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13, (i), 1847, p. 212 (part;

Guiana = British Guiana); idem, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3,

1848, p. 684 (coastal forests of British Guiana).
Hypocnemis cantator SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 428 (Bartica Grove, Camacusa);

SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 285 (part; British Guiana); CHUBB,

Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 63 (Brit. Guiana).
Hypocnemis cantator cantator (not of BODDAERT) BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, x,

19*7, P- 132 (Bartica).

Range: British Guiana.

3 : British Guiana (Mazaruni River 2, Hyde Park, Demerara i).

• With only a single young female from the Rio Macujubim it is impossible to
ascertain whether the birds found on the Island of Marajo (H. cantator SNETH-
LAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 287) are referable to typical cantator or peruv-
iana.—C. E. H.

b There are certain variations to be noticed in the large series from different
localities examined in the present connection. Females from e. Ecuador, se. Colombia
and n. Peru (Moyobamba), have the crown more blackish with the light streaks
along middle line nearly whitish, instead of buff or pale fulvous, as is the case in
those from Brazil. Birds from the upper Rio Madeira (Humaytha, Calama, Maroins),
Rio Jurua, ne. Bolivia (Yuracares), and Matto Grosso have decidedly paler ochra-
ceous flanks than a series from the Tapaj6z, Teff6, Peru, etc. Sixty specimens
examined by C. E. H.

'Hypocnemis cantator notaea HELLMAYR: Nearly related to H. c. pertanana
TACZ., but recognizable by the much deeper rufous brown color of rump, tail and
outer aspect of wings. The male resembles H. c. peruviana in having a large white
interscapular patch, and the upper back heavily variegated with black and white,
but these light markings are duller, grayish white as well as larger, forming marginal

242 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Hypocnemis flavescens flavescens (Sclater).* SULPHUR-BREASTED
ANTBIRD.

Formicivora flavescens SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond. for 1864, publ. 1865, p. 609 (Mara-
bitanas, Rio Negro, nw. Brazil).

Hypocnemis flavescens PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 88 (Marabitanas, Rio
Icanna, upper Rio Negro; spec, in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.);
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 286 (Marabitanas; "Oyapoc,
Cayenne"1"); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 77 (Suapure,
Nicare, La Pricion, La Union, Caura River, Venezuela); JHERING, Cat. F.
Braz., i, 1907, p. 221 (range); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, P- 296
("Guyana," Rio Negro); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 159 ("Oyapoc,"
ex SCLATER).

Hypocnemis flavescens flavescens CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2,
1916, p. 289 (foot of Mt. Duida, Boca de Sina, Rio Cunucunuma, upper
Orinoco).

Hypocnemis flavescens humilis TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 26, 1913, p. 172
(La Lajita, Caura River); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916,
p. 289 (La Lajita, Nicare, Suapure, La Pricion, Caura R.).

Range : Northwestern Brazil, on the upper Rio Negro (Marabitanas,
Rio Icanna), and southern Venezuela (Caura River; foot of Mt. Duida
and Rio Cunucunuma, upper Orinoco).0

spots rather than edges; the female, by its less spotted mantle, approaches H. c. can-
tator. Wing, 51-55; tail, 40-44; bill, 14-15^.

Ten specimens from British Guiana examined by C. E. H.

• The general resemblance in markings might lead one to regard H. cantator
and H. flavescens as conspecific. It appears, however, that representatives of both
the yellow and white-bellied group occur together in the northern parts of Bolivia,
peruviana having been taken in the Yuracares district, while subflava was secured
on the San Mateo and ChaparS rivers, though possibly at a higher altitude. More-
over, if my surmise of H. flavescens and H. hypoxantha being conspecific is correct,
the ranges of H. h. hypoxantha and H. h. ochraceiventris will be seen to coincide with
that of H. cantator peruviana. Further investigation of the case is imperative before
we can arrive at definite conclusions as to the interrelations of these birds. — C. E. H.

b The locality "Oyapoc," attached to a specimen purchased from a dealer, is
quite unreliable.

e Caura specimens appear to me inseparable from flavescens, as represented by
ten examples from Marabitanas, the type locality. I do not find any difference
either in coloration or in the markings of the chest between the two series. Ven-
ezuelan birds average slightly smaller, but this is too insignificant to warrant recog-
nition in nomenclature.

MEASUREMENTS

WING TAIL BILL

Five o" o" from Marabitanas 56,57,58,59,59 40,41,42,42,43 15-16

Eight d" o71 from the Caura 54,56(four),56K,57,58 39-43 15-16^

Five 9 9 from Marabitanas 55,55,55^,56,57 4<>43 iS-istf

Four 9 9 from the Caura 52^,54,55,55^ 37-4O# 15-16
— C. E. H.

BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 243

*Hypocnemis flavescens subflava Cabanis* CABANIS'S SULPHUR-
BREASTED ANTBIRD.

Hypocnemis subflava CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 21, 1873, p. 65 (Monterico, Rio
San Miguel, ne. Ayacucho, Peru; type in Warsaw Museum examined by
C. E. H.; descr. o* ); TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 530 (Monterico);
idem, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 63 (Monterico); BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 384 (La Merced, Chanchamayo) ; HELLMAYR, Arch.
Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 108 (Yahuarmayo, Chaquimayo, Callanga,
Marcapata, se. Peru; Chanchamayo, Dept. Junin; Rio San Mateo, n. Bolivia;
crit., descr. 9 )•

Hypocnemis flavescens subflava CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 2, 1921, p. 5 in
text (Peren£, Dept. Junin; Rio Tavara, La Pampa, n. Puno; Todos Santos,
Bolivia).

Hypocnemis collinsi CHERRIE, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, 1916, p. 395
(Todos Santos, Rio Chapar6, n. Bolivia).

Hypocnemis flavescens (not of SCLATER) MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc.
Philom. Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 43 ("ne. Peru," errore! =se- Peru).

Range: Central and southeastern Peru, in depts. Junin (Chancha-
mayo), Ayacucho (Monterico), Cuzco (Callanga, Marcapata), and
northern Puno (Yahuarmayo, Chaquimayo, Rio Tavara, La Pampa),
and northern Bolivia (Rio San Mateo; Todos Santos, Rio Chapare").b

3 : Peru (Chanchamayo 2) ; Bolivia (Todos Santos, Rio Chapare" i).

Hypocnemis hypoxantha hypoxantha Sclater." YELLOW-BROWED
ANTBIRD.

Hypocnemis hypoxantha SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 573, pi. 43 ("Upper
Amazons"; type in British Museum examined by C. E. H.; descr. d"); idem,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 286 (upper Amazon; Sarayacu, e. Ecuador;
descr. d1); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (gth ser.),
8, 1906, p. 44 (Pebas, Nauta, ne. Peru); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 36, 1917, p. 386 (La Morelia, se. Colombia).

• Hypocnemis flavescens subflava CABANIS: Differs from H. f. flavescens by paler,
more grayish olive upper parts without any russet brown on the rump; olive gray
instead of russet brown tertials, rectrices and outer aspect of remiges; brighter
yellow under surface with conspicuously lighter ochraceous flanks. The female also is
recognizable by deeper yellow under parts, paler flanks, less russet tail, and absence
of russet brown on rump. Wing (d") 56-59, ( 9 ) 54-551 tail (o") 42-4?. ( 9 ) 39-441
bill 14-16.— C. E. H.

b Five Bolivian birds including a topotype of H. collinsi, do not differ from the
type and six other specimens from s. Peru (depts. Cuzcp and Puno). Two males
from Chanchamayo are slightly brighter beneath, but this is not the case in three
females from the same locality. — C. E. H.

9 Hypocnemis hypoxantha hypoxantha SCLATER: Male differs from H. flavescens
subflava CAB. by deep yellow (instead of whitish) supraloral and bright yellow
(instead of pure white) superciliary streak; by having the upper back but obsoletely
clouded with dusky (instead of strongly striped with deep black) without any trace
of a white interscapular blotch; the cheeks, auriculars and under parts much deeper
yellow; the middle as well as the sides of the chest heavily streaked with black; the

244 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Hypocnemis flavcscens (not of SCLATER) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1866, p. 567 (lower Ucayali; one of Bartlett's specimens, marked by Sclater
"H. flavescens," in British Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Upper Amazonia, from the lower Ucayali and the north
bank of the Maranon (Nauta, Pebas), northern Peru, through eastern
Ecuador (Sarayacu) north to southeastern Colombia (Cuembi, Rio
Putumayo; La Morelia, Rio Caqueta).

Hypocnemis hypoxantha ochraceiventris Chapman.* BRAZILIAN YEL-
LOW-BROWED ANTBIRD.

Hypocnemis hypoxantha ochraceiventris CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 2, 1921,
p. 5 (Alta Mira, Rio Xingu, n. Brazil).

Range: Northern Brazil, from the Rio Xingu (Alta Mira) to the
Tapaj6z (Miritituba, Colonia do Mojuy).

Genus HYPOCNEMOIDES Bangs and Penard.

Hypocnemoides BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, 1918, p. 69
(type by orig. desig., Hypocnemis melanopogon SCLATER).

*Hypocnemoides melanopogon (Sclater). b BLACK-CHINNED ANT-
CREEPER.

Hypocnemis melanopogon SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, Oct. 1857, p. 130 (part;
"Chamicuros, e. Peru," errore!, the type is from Guiana; see Cat. Coll.

flanks grayish olive instead of ochraceous; the axillars and under wing coverts
grayish rather than sulphur yellow; the lower mandible black (like the upper one)
instead of horny whitish. Wing (seven cTc? ad.) 55-57X1 tail 41-46; bill 15-16^.
Female unknown to theauthors. Examined: one cf ad. "Upper Amazons," the type;
two d"d" ad. Nauta; one o* ad. Pebas, Rio Maranon; one c? ad. lower Ucayali,
Peru; one d" ad. Sarayacu, e. Ecuador; one o" ad. Cuembi, Rio Putumayo, se. Col-
ombia, July 21, 1897, Gustav Hopke (Coll. Berlepsch). — C. E. H.

• Hypocnemis hypoxantha ochraceiventris CHAPMAN: Male agreeing with
H. h. hypoxantha in entirely black bill, bright yellow supraloral and superciliary
streak, deep yellow under parts, and in absence of white interscapular patch, but
readily distinguishable by having the flanks ochraceous instead of grayish olive;
besides, the black malar stripe is decidedly broader, the back and outer edges of
the quills are brownish rather than grayish olive, the upper tail coverts slightly
tinged with rufescent, the tail longer and more brownish. The female has the lower
mandible yellowish gray like H. flavescens subflava, but differs from the female of
that bird by deeper yellow under parts with much paler ochraceous flanks, bright
buffy yellow (instead of dull buff) superciliaries, etc. Wing (three males) 57-59, (three
females) 55-56; tail 50-53, (female) 45-49; bill 14-15. A series from the Tapaj6z
(Miritituba, Colonia de Mojuy) in the Carnegie Museum examined. — C. E. H.

b The peculiarly overlapping ranges of H. melanopogon and H. maculicauda
have been commented upon by Miss Snethlage and myself. While generally replacing
one another geographically and frequenting not quite the same kind of country,
they appear to occur together in certain districts, as on the upper stretches of the
Purus. This fact is not easy to explain in view of their obvious close relationship,
but a similar problem in distribution is presented by Cercomacra tyrannina laeta,
C. t. saturatior, C. ». nigrescens and C. n. approximans.

1 92 4. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 245

Amer. B., 1862, p. 188, and HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 381; type,
now in British Museum, examined by C. E. H.; descr. d", 9); idem, 1. c.,
26, 1858, p. 253 (part; descr. cf, 9, excl. hab. Chamicuros) ; idem, Cat. Coll.
Amer. B., 1862, p. 188 (part; spec, a, Guiana [type], c, Cayenne); PELZELN,
Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 88 (below Poicares, Marabitanas, Rio Amajau, Rio
Negro; spec, examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1867, p. 576 (Mexiana Isl.; spec, examined by C. E. H.); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885,
p. 428 (Camacusa, Brit. Guiana); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 290 (part; spec, a-n, Mexiana, Oyapoc, Cayenne, Guiana, Camacusa;
spec, examined by C. E. H.); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902,
p. 78 (Maipures, Altagracia, Quiribana de Caicara, Perico, Munduapo,
R. Orinoco; Suapure, La Union, Nicare, Caura R., Venezuela); MENEGAUX,
Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, 1904, p. 176 (Camopi, French Guiana); BERLEPSCH,
Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 160 (R. Approuague, Oyapoc, Cayenne), 320 (Cam-
opi) ; HAGMANN, Zool. Jahrb., (Syst.), 26, 1907, p. 34 (Mexiana); HELLMAYR,
Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 381 (Humaytha, Borba, Rio Madeira; range, crit.);
idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 360 (Calama, S. Isabel, Rio Preto, R. Madeira);
idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 114, 120
(Mexiana); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 287 (Mexiana); idem,
1. c., 61, 1913, P- 529 (ecology); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 300 (I.
Pirunum, I. Itaituna, R. Tocantins; Cussary ; Cachoeira, Rio Purus; Mexiana;
S. Antonio da Cachoeira, Rio Jary; Arumanduba, Obidos, Rio Jamunda);
BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, i, 1917, p. 132 (Bartica Grove).

Myrmoborus mdanopogon CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916,
p. 291 (R. Orinoco, from Altagracia to above the Falls; Caura R., San Feliz
River, near its junction with the Cuchivero, Venezuela).

Hypocnemoides melanopogon BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62,
1918, p. 69 (Paramaribo, Lelydorp, Javaweg, Surinam); CHUBB, Birds Brit.
Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 69 (Brit. Guiana).

Myrmoborus obscurus CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 9 (Cayenne;
type in Heine Museum examined by C. E. H.; = o" imm.).

Range: French, Dutch and British Guiana; southern Venezuela
(Caura-Orinoco basin); northern Brazil, north of the Amazon: Isl.
of Mexiana, north bank of river (Rio Jary, Arumanduba, Obidos, Rio
Jamundd), upper Rio Branco, Rio Negro (from the mouth of the
Amajau up to Marabitanas) ; south of the Amazon : islets in the delta
of the Tocantins; Cussary; Borba, Calama, S. Isabel on the right,
Humaytha on the left bank of the Rio Madeira; Cachoeira, on the
upper Purus.'

2: Brazil (Serra da Lua, near Boavista, Rio Branco 2).

• Brazilian birds (Mexiana, Rio Madeira) appear to be inseparable from those
of Guiana and Venezuela, although some of them are of a lighter, more bluish slate
gray coloration. A single male from Munduapo, upper Orinoco, is rather darker below
than any other example and lacks the whitish suffusion in the middle of the belly.

Material: one c?1 juv. Cayenne (type of M. obscurus); one cf, three 9 9
French Guiana; four cPd\ one 9 British Guiana; seven o"o", ten 9 9 Caura;
five cf d\ two 9 9 Altagracia; three o"o", one 9 Quiribana de Caicara; one d"

246 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Hypocnemoides maculicauda (Pelzeln). SPOTTED-TAILED ANTCREEPER.

Hypocnemis maculicauda PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 89, (Villa Maria =
San Luis de Caceres [type], Engenho do Gama and [Villa Bella de] Matto
Grosso: spec, in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 291 (Matto Grosso; Nauta, n. Peru; examined by
C. E. H., descr. d"); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, 442 (Rio Jurua; spec,
examined by C. E. H.); idem, Cat. F. Braz., I, 1907, p. 222 (Rio Jurua);
SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 287 (S. Antonio do Prata, R. Acara,
R. Capim, Para district; crit.); idem, 1. c., 56, 1908, p. 17 (Cachoeira, Ponto
Alegre, R. Purvis), 513 (Isl. Goyana, R. Tapaj6z); idem, 1. c., 61, 1913, p. 529
(ecology) ; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 301 (Para, S. Antonio do Prata,
R. Capim, R. Acara, Para district; Sta. Julia, R. Iriri; Isl. Goyana, R. Tapa-
j6z; Tucunar6, Boa vista, R. Jamauchim; Cachoeira, Ponto Alegre, Rio
Purtis); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 382 (range); idem, 1. c., 17,
1910, p. 360 (Maroins, Rio Machados); idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl.
Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 93 (Para localities).

Thamnophilus maculicauda GOELDI, Ibis, 1903, p. 499 (Rio Capim).

Hypocnemis melanopogon (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, 1857,
p. 130 (part; 9 from Chamicuros, e. Peru, in coll. Gould, now in Brit.
Museum, examined by C. E. H.); idem, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 253
(part; Chamicuros); SCLATER and SAL VIN, 1. c., 1866, p. 186 (Cashaboya,
Ucayali; spec, examined by C. E. H.); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 276 (Cashiboya,
Ucayali); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 290 (part; spec, a-d,
Rio Javarri, Elvira, Chamicuros, Cashiboya, e. Peru; spec, examined by
C. E. H.).

Range: Northern and western Brazil, only south of the Amazon,
in states of Para (S. Antonio do Prata, Rio Acara, Rio Capim; Rio
Iriri; Ilha Goyana, R. Tapajoz), Amazonas (S. Paulo d'Olivenca, Rio
Solimoes; Rio Jurud; Rio Purus; Maroins, Rio Machados) and Matto
Grosso (Villa Bella de Matto Grosso and Engenho do Gama, Rio
Guapore"; Villa Maria = San Luis de Caceres, upper Paraguay);
eastern Peru (Cashiboya, Rio Ucayali; Chamicuros; Rio Javarri:
Nauta and Elvira, north bank of R. Maranon).B

Caicara; one d" Perico; one o" Maipures; one o" Munduapo, R. Orinoco; three d" d",
one 9 Rio Negro; three d"d", four 9 9 Mexiana; three d'cT1, two 9 9 Humaytha;
one d",one 9 Borba; four d"c?, seven 9 9 Calama;one d\ two 9 9 S. Isabel, Rio
Madeira. — C. E. H.

• I am not certain that the birds from Lower Amazonia are absolutely identical
with H. maculicauda. On comparing a male from Rio Tapaj6z (Ilha Goyana) and a
female from Para with ten from Villa Maria and Engenho do Gama, I notice that they
differ by their decidedly shorter white tips to the rectrices (from 2>£ to 3^ against
5 to 6 mm. wide). A female from Maroins, Rio Machados, agrees with those from
Matto Grosso in tail markings, but is slightly smaller, like those from Lower Amazonia.
The few Peruvian birds examined by me are nearer the latter. More material
should be compared. Examined: seven 0*0% three 9 9 w. Matto Grosso;
two 0*0*, one juv. S. Paulo d'Olivenca; one d" Rio Jurua; one c?1 Rio Macha-
dos; one cf Nauta; one d1 Rip Javarri; one d1 ad. Elvira; one d* Cashiboya; one d1
Chamicuros; one d1 R. Tapaj6z; one d1 Para. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 247

Genus MYRMOCHANES Allen.-

Myrmochanes ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 95 (type by orig.
desig., Myrmochanes hypoleucus ALLEN = Hypocnemis hemileuca SCLATER
and SALVIN).

Myrmochanes hemileucus (Sclater and Salvin). BLACK AND WHITE
ANTCATCHER.

Hypocnemis hemileuca SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 186 (lower

Ucayali, e. Peru; type in British Museum examined by C. E. H.; descr. o*1 ad.) ;

idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 276 (lower Ucayali); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884,

p. 70 (lower Ucayali) ; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 291 (part;

descr. of o* onlyb); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 348 (crit.; synon.,

range); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 222 (range); HELLMAYR, Nov.

Zool., 17, 1910, p. 361 (Borba, Rio Madeira; crit.); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus.

Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 301 ("Alto Amazonas").
Terenura melanoleuca PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 84, 157 (Borba,

Rio Madeira; types in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.; descr. o* ad.).
Myrmochanes hypoleucus ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 95

(Reyes, n. Bolivia; type in Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, examined by C. E. H.;

descr. o").

Range: Upper Amazonia, from eastern Ecuador south through
eastern Peru (lower Ucayali) to northern Bolivia (Reyes), east to
Borba, on the Rio Madeira, northern Brazil.0

Genus GYMNOCICHLA Sclater.

Gymnocichla SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 274 (type Myiothera nudi-
ceps CASSIN).

Gymnocichla nudiceps nudiceps (Cassin). BARE-CROWNED ANT-
CATCHER.

Myiothera nudiceps CASSIN, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1850, p. 106, pi. 6 (Isthmus
of Panama).

• Myrmochanes is nearly related to Hypocnemoides, but has a much longer,
more depressed as well as more strongly ridged bill, narrower, longitudinal (instead
of roundish oval) nostrils; proportionately longer, strongly graduated (instead of
gently rounded) tail, the outermost rectrix being by 12 instead of 3 to 4 mm.
shorter than the median.

b The female is unknown and not represented in the British Museum. Sclater's
description was, by mistake, based on the 9 of Myrmoborus melanurus (ScL. and
SALV.).— C. E. H.

• Five male specimens, all of which have been examined by me, are the only ones
known of this rare species: the type from the lower Ucayali, secured by E. Bartlett
on June 4, 1865; the two originals of T. melanoleuca, taken by J. Natterer near
Borba, Rio Madeira, in July 1830; the type of Myrmochanes hypoleucus, obtained
by H. H. Rusby at Reyes, R. Beni, n. Bolivia, in June 1886, and one collected
by a hunter of H. Whitely, Sr., October 26, 1878, in e. Ecuador (place of
capture not recorded), in the Berlepsch collection. — C. E. H.

248 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Gymnocichla nudiceps SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 274 (part; Panama);

idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 272 (part; spec, g-k, Lion Hill Station,

Panama); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, Feb. 1892,

p. 223 (part; Panama, Lion Hill Station); BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool.

CL, 2, 1900, p. 24 (Loma del Leon, Panama).
Pithys rufigularis (not of SCLATER) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 7, 1862,

p. 293 (Lion Hill, Panama; = 9).
Myrmeciza ferruginea LAWRENCE, Ann. Nat. Hist., 7, 1862, p. 470 (Lion Hill,

Panama; =9 ad.; see SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1864, p. 356).
Myrmdastes corvinus LAWRENCE, Ibis, 5, 1863, p. 182 (Lion Hill, Panama;

= o" imm.).
Myrmelastes lawrencii SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2,

1892, p. 226 (new name for Myrmelastes corvinus LAWRENCE'; hab. part,

Panama).
Myrmelastes ceterus BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 2, Sept. 1900, p. 25

(Loma del Leon, Panama; = o71 imm.).
Gymnocichla nudiceps nudiceps RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911,

p. 99 (monogr. ; Panama, and nw. Colombia, Atrato R.); STONE, Proc. Ac.

N. Sci. Phila., 70, 1918, p. 261 (Gatun, Tabernilla, Canal Zone).

Range: Eastern Panama (Canal Zone: Lion Hill, Gatun, Taber-
nilla) and, according to Ridgway, adjacent portion of northwestern
Colombia (Rio Atrato).

Gymnocichla nudiceps sancta-martae Ridgway.* SANTA MARTA
BARE-CROWNED ANTCATCHER.

Gymnocichla nudiceps sancta-martae RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, Oct.

1908, p.i 94 ("Santa Marta," Colombia); idem, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5,

1911, p. 99 in key ("Santa Marta"); TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie

Mus., 14, 1922, p. 304 (crit.).
Gymnocichla nudiceps sanctae-martae CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,

36, 1917, p. 385 (Nare, near Puerto Berrio, lower Magdalena River).
Gymnocichla nudiceps (not of CASSIN) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 274

(part; "Santa Marta"); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 272 (part;

spec. 1, "Santa Marta").

Range: Northeastern Colombia ("Santa Marta")8, through the
Magdalena Valley at least as far south as Puerto Berrio.

* Myrmelastes lawrencii SALV. and GODM. was proposed as a substitute for M. cor-
vinus LAWR., considered to be preoccupied by Thamnophilus corvinus of earlier
date, and it is of no consequence whatever that the male from Mina de Chorcha,
Chiriqui, described by the same authors, turns out to belong to another race.

b Gymnocichla nudiceps sancta-martae RIDGWAY: The male of this form, with which
we are not acquainted, is described as being similar to G. n. nudiceps, but with the
posterior under parts duller (blackish slate), and a much larger white interscapular
patch; female, according to Todd, differing from that of G. n. erratilis by sepia (in-
stead of raw umber) upper parts.

• Its occurrence in the Santa Marta region requires confirmation.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 249

*Gymnocichla nudiceps erratilis Bangs. COSTA RICAN BARE-CROWNED

ANTCATCHER.

Gymnocichla nudiceps erratilis BANGS, Auk, 24, 1907, p. 297 (Boruca, sw. Costa
Rica); CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910, p. 620 (southwestern Pacific
lowlands of Costa Rica, north to Pigres, Gulf of Nicoya); RIDGWAY, Bull.
U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 101 (sw. Costa Rica; w. Panama).

Gymnocichla nudiceps (not of CASSIN) SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1870, p. 195
(Mina de Chorcha, Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 272 (part; spec, a-f, Mina de Chorcha, Bugaba, Chiri-
qui; Chitra, Veragua); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, a,
1892, p. 223 (part; same localities).

Myrmelastes lawrencii SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, a,
1892, p. 226 (part; spec, ex Mina de Chorcha, Chiriqui).

Range: Pacific lowlands of southwestern Costa Rica (Boruca,
Pozo del Rio Grande, Terraba, Paso Real de Terraba, Buenos Aires,
El General) north to the Gulf of Nicoya (Pigres), and western Panama
(slopes of the Volcan de Chiriqui, and Chitra, Cordillera of Veragua).*

2: Costa Rica (Buenos Aires i, Terraba i).

*Gymnocichla nudiceps chiroleuca Sclater and Salvin. BARE-FRONTED
ANTCATCHER.

Gymnocichla chiroleuca SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1869, p. 417 (Tucur-
riqui, e. Costa Rica; descr. o*); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 272
(same locality); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, a, 1892,
p. 224 (Omoa, Santa Ana, Honduras; Tucurriqui, Costa Rica); RIDGWAY,
Proc. U. S. Mus., 14, 1891, p. 469 (Santa Ana, Honduras; descr. $ and
d" juv.); RICHMOND, 1. c., 16, 1893, p. 501 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; hab-
its); DEARBORN, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, No. 3, 1907, p. 109
(Los Amates, Guatemala) ; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 191 1, p. 101
(part; e. Costa Rica, through Nicaragua and Honduras to Guatemala,
excl. w. Panama).

Gymnocichla cheiroleuca CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910, p. 621 (Carib-
bean lowlands of Costa Rica; habits).

Myrmelastes lawrencii (not of SALVIN and GODMAN) RICHMOND, Proc. U. S.
Mus., 16, 1893, p. 502 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua).

Range: From eastern Costa Rica through Nicaragua and Honduras
north to eastern Guatemala (Los Amates, Isabel).

8: Guatemala (Los Amates, Isabel 2); Nicaragua (Matagalpa 2,
San Emilis, Lake Nicaragua 4).

• All Chiriqui specimens, including two females, seen by me are referable to erratilis
rather than nudiceps. The reference M. lawrencii SALVIN and GODMAN from Mina
do Chorcha, Chiriqui, inadvertently placed in the synonymy of G. chiroleuca,
induced R. Ridgway to extend its range to w. Panama. The specimens in the British
Museum, however, clearly pertain to erratilis. — C. E. H.

250 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Genus PERCNOSTOLA Cabanis and Heine.

Percnostola CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 10 (type by subs, desig.,
SCLATER, 1890, Lanius funebris LICHTENSTEIN = Turdus rufifrons GMELIN).

Percnostola rufifrons rufifrons (Gmelin). BLACK-HEADED FIRE-EYE.

Turdus rufus (not of LINNAEUS, 1758) BODDAERT, Tabl. PI. enl., 1783, p. 39
(based on "Le Merle roux, de Cayenne," Daubenton, PI. enl., 644, fig. i
1=91).

Turdus rufifrons GMELIN, Syst. Nat., x, (2), 1789, p. 825 (based on the same).

Myrmothera atricapitta VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 12, 1817,
p. 115 (Cayenne; descr. o" ad.).

Lanius funebris LICHTENSTEIN, Veiz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., 1823, p. 47 (Cayenne;
descr. o* ad.).

Lanius caesius (Cuvier Ms.) PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, livr. 3, 1855, P- 33O
(Cayenne; descr. d" ad.; type in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Thamnophilus caesius SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, April 1855, p. 19, pi. 82
(o", 9) (British Guiana) ; idem, Edinb. New Philos. Journ., (n. s.), x, 1855,
p. 248 (Brit. Guiana; descr. d\ 9); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 212
(Cayenne, Brit. Guiana).

Pyriglena funebris CABANIS in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, 1848, p. 684
(coastal forests of Brit. Guiana); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 429 (ex Schomburgk).

Percnostola funebris CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 10 (Surinam);
SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862, p. 185 (Cayenne); PELZELN, Orn. Bras.,
2, 1868, p. 86, note i (part; Cayenne); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 273 (part; spec, a-e, Cayenne); MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10,
1904, p. 176 (Saint-Georges-d'Oyapoc, Camopi, Mahury, Ouanary, French
Guiana); PENARD, Vog. Guyana, 2, 1910, p. 323 (Surinam).

Percnostola rufa MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (9th ser.),
8, 1906, p. 35 (Cayenne; note on type of L. caesius); MENEGAUX, Bull.
Mus. Paris, 14, 1908, p. 13 (Cayenne); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908,
p. 161 (Ipousin, Rio Approuague), 320 (localities in French Guiana) ; JHERJNG,
Cat. Faun. Braz., x, 1907, p. 218 (part; Guyana).

Percnostola rufifrons rufifrons HELLMAYR, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 8, 1908,
p. 140 (monogr., descr. o", 9 ; French Guiana, Surinam, Brit. Guiana).

Percnostola rufifrons SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914. P- 306 (S. Antonio
da Cachoeira, Rio Jary; Obidos); BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 62, No. 2, 1918, p. 68 (Rijsdigkweg, Altonaweg, Surinam); CHUBB,
Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 54 (British Guiana, many localities).

Range: French, Dutch and British Guiana; northern Brazil, on the
north bank of the lower Amazon, east of the Rio Trombetas (Rio
Jary, Obidos).

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 251

*Percnostola rufifrons subcristata Hellmayr.* HELLMAYR'S BLACK-
HEADED FIRE-EYE.

Percnostola rufifrons subcristata HELLMAYR, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 8, 1908,

p. 142 (Barra do Rio Negro = Manaos, n. Brazil); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus.

Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 307 (Rio Jamunda, Fard).
Percnostola funebris (not of LICHTENSTEIN) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 86

(part; Barra do Rio Negro; "Marabitanas," errore!); SCLATER, Cat. B.

Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 273 (part; spec, f, g, Barra do Rio Negro).
Percnostola rufa (not of BODDAERT) JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., x, 1907, p. 218

(part; [Barra do] Rio Negro).

Range: North Brazil, on the north bank of the lower Amazon,
from the Rio Trombetas (Rio Jamundd, Itacoatiara) west to Manaos.
i: Brazil (Itacoatiard).

Percnostola rufifrons minor Pelzeln.b SMALLER BLACK-HEADED FIRE-
EYE.

Percnostola minor PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 86, 159 (S. Isabel [type],

Marabitanas, Rio Xie, upper Rio Negro; spec, in Vienna Museum examined

by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 274 (Marabitanas);

JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 218 (Rio Negro); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus.

Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 307 (Rio Negro).
Percnostola rufifrons minor HELLMAYR, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 8, 1908, p. 143

(monogr.; descr. o", 9 ; upper Rio Negro; Nauta, ne. Peru).
Percnostola funebris (not of LICHTENSTEIN) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,

1866, p. 186 (Nauta); 1. c., 1873, p. 275 (Nauta); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.

Mus., 15, 1890, p. 273 (part., spec, j, Nauta); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou,

2, 1884, p. 57 (part; Nauta).

Range: Northwestern Brazil, on the upper stretches of the Rio
Negro (S. Isabel, Marabitanas, Rio Xie"), and northeastern Peru
(Nauta, north bank of R. Marafion).

• Percnostola rufifrons subcristata HELLMAYR: Differs from P. r. rufifrons in less
crested pileum, much smaller bill, and lesser development of the naked postocular
patch; male with pileum dull black as in the typical race, but plumage lighter slate
gray, particularly on sides of head; female with forehead broadly bright ferruginous,
crown deep rufous brown (instead of black), sides of head deeper ferruginous,
back washed with olivaceous, and flanks paler brownish. Wing (three <? cT ad.) 75-77,
(three 9 9) 71-73; tail, 61-62, (9) 58-64; bill, 19-20.— C. E. H.

b Percnostola rufifrons minor PELZELN: Differs from P. r. subcristata by slenderer
bill, much shorter tail, more restricted naked postocular spot, and shorter crest
feathers. The sides of the head, in the male, are lighter gray, and the feathers of the
pileum, instead of being uniform black, are conspicuously edged with slate gray.
Female agrees with subcristata in deep rufous brown crown, but has the front and sides
of the head lighter ferruginous, the edges to the upper wing coverts narrower and
paler buff, while below only throat and foreneck are lighter ferruginous, passing
into ochraceous buff on middle of belly. Wing (seven c? d") 68-73, (two 9 9 )
65-68; tail 47-52; bill 17 X-I9-

A single o" from Nauta (in very poor condition) differs from the typical series
merely by its lighter, nearly slate gray pileum. It measures: wing 69; tail 50. —
C. E. H.

252 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Genus SCLATERIA Oberholser.

Holocnemis (not of SCHILLING, 1829) STRICKLAND, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 13,
1844, p. 475 (type Holocnemis flammata STRICKLAND = Sitta naevia GMELIN).

Helerocnemis (not of ALBERS, 1852) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, Dec. 1855, p. 146
(new name for Holocnemis STRICKLAND).

Sclateria OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 209 (new name for
Heterocnemis SCLATER).

Sclateria naevia naevia (Gmelin). STRIPED ANTCATCHER.

Sitta naevia GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, (i), 1788, p. 442 (based on "The Wall-creeper
of Surinam," EDWARDS, Glean. Nat. Hist., 3, 1764, p. 284, pi. 346, lower
fig. [ = cf ad.], Surinam).

Turdus lineatus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, (2), 1789, p. 828 (based on "Le Four-
millier griveld, de Cayenne" Daubenton, PI. enl., 823, fig. i [ = 9], Cayenne).

Holocnemis flammata STRICKLAND, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 13, 1844, p. 415,
pi. 13 (= cfjuv.). ("Hab. unknown, though doubtless American," type now
in Mus. Cambridge, England).

Formicarius lineatus LEOTAUD, Ois. Trinidad, 1866, p. 192 (Trinidad).

Holocnemis lineata CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13, (i), 1847, p. 214 (descr. <f);
idem, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, 1848, p. 683 (coastal forests
of British Guiana).

Holocnemis naevius STRICKLAND, Contrib. to Ornith., 1849, p. 34-6, pi. 18 (= cf
and 9) (Trinidad).

Heterocnemis naevia SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 247 (descr. cf, 9 ); idem,
Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 186 (Berbice, Brit. Guiana); SALVIN, Ibis,
1885, p. 427 (Camacusa, Brit. Guiana); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 275 (Cayenne, Camacusa); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
6, 1894, p. 52 (Trinidad); MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, 1904, p. 176
(St. Georges d'Oyapock, French Guiana); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55,
1907, p. 286 (S. Antonio do Prata, Para, Rio Acara).

Sclateria naevia HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 33 (Trinidad); BERLEPSCH,
Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 160 (Approuague, Ipousin, French Guiana), 320
(St. Georges d'Oyapock) ; HELLMAYR, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad.
Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1911, p. 48 (Peixe-Boi, Para, Rio Acara), 93 (Pard locali-
ties); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 61, 1913, p. 528 (habits); idem, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 303 (Para, Ilha das Ongas, S. Antonio do Prata, Rio
Acara); STONE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, 1913, p. 202 (Cafio Vagre,
Orinoco delta); HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, 1917, p. 499 in
text (Cayenne, Surinam; Miritiba, Maranhao); BANGS and PENARD, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, 1918, p. 69 (Paramaribo, Lelydorp, Surinam); CHUBB,
Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 56 (British Guiana).

Sclateria naevia trinitatis HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, Dec. 1917,
p. 499 (Caparo, Trinidad)'.

a Comparison of nineteen specimens from Trinidad with thirty-one from the
continent fails to substantiate the distinctness of the insular race. The individual
variation which is much greater than the describers of trinitatis suspected is par-

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 253

Range: Trinidad; northeastern Venezuela: Orinoco delta; British,
Dutch and French Guiana, south to northeastern Brazil (Para dis-
trict, east of the Tocantins; State of Maranhao (Miritiba).

Sclateria naevia diaphora Todd.* CAURA RIVER ANTCATCHER.

Sclateria naevia diaphora TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 26, Aug. 1913, p. 172

(Rio Mocho, R. Caura, Venezuela; type in Carnegie Museum examined by

C. E. H.).
Heterocnemis argentata BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 76

(part; o" juv., La Union, Caura R.; spec, in Tring Museum examined by

C. E. H.).
Sclateria schistacea caurensis (not of HELLMAYR) CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst.,

Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 287 (La Union, Caura; ex BERLEPSCH and HARTERT).

Range: Eastern Venezuela (Caura Valley and its affluent, the Rio
Mocho).

Sclateria naevia toddi Hellmayr, subsp. nov.b TAPAj6z ANTCATCHER.

Range: Northern Brazil (Santarem, Rio Tapajoz).

ticularly well illustrated by an excellent series from French Guiana (Cayenne, Mana,
Oyapock) kindly loaned by the Carnegie Museum. In the male the upper surface
varies from slate gray to nearly blackish slate, while the under parts are exceedingly
variable as to ground color and amount of white markings, some specimens being
deep slate color with relatively narrow, lanceolate white stripes, others with the
white predominating and the lighter slate gray mainly restricted to the margins of
the feathers. These pale-bellied examples are in no way distinguishable from the
average of Trinidad birds and, moreover, one of the latter (Munich Museum,
No. 12,892 o* ad. Caparo, April 19, 1912) very nearly matches the darkest extreme
from French Guiana (Carnegie Museum, No. 63,553). The three females from Trini-
dad in the Tring Museum happen to be much paler than those from other locali-
ties in the same collection, but other material examined by me does not bear out
any of the differences. Seven skins from the Pard district (Pard, Peixe-Boi, Bene-
vides, Acara) and a male from Maranhao (Miritiba) are identical with the Guiana
series.— C. E. H.

• Sclateria naevia diaphora TODD: Male differs from S. n. naevia in its dark under
parts, the white streaking being confined to a number of narrow, rather indistinct
stripes on foreneck and chest, becoming evanescent on abdomen; and in the white
apical spots, so conspicuous on all the upper wing coverts in the other races, being
much smaller and mainly confined to the greater series. Female much brighter, more
of an ochraceous tawny underneath without any trace of the dusky mottling.
Size somewhat less: wing (d") 69, ( 9 ) 66, 68; tail 48-49; bill 22-23^. — C. E. H.

bSclateria naevia toddi HELLMAYR, subsp. nov. : Male similar to S. n. naevia in
amount of white wing spotting, but under parts whiter, with slate gray edges lighter
and much reduced in extent, and lower tail coverts largely spotted and edged with
white. Female distinguishable by its pure white throat; much deeper ochraceous
chest; decidedly more rufescent brown flanks; more buffy sides of head; and by
lacking the dusky mottling and striping on the lower parts, some of the lateral
breast feathers only showing slight brownish edges to the buffy central stripes.
Wing (c?) 7073, (9) 66-70; tail 51-55; bill 22^-23^.

This new race, by the coloration of the under parts, forms the connecting link
to 5. n. argentata, which, in the male sex, sometimes shows a few slate gray edges on
the foreneck and chest. One of the females from Santarem is hardly distinguishable
from that of the upper Amazonian race. From S. n. diaphora the female of the present

254 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Sclateria naevia argentata (Des Murs). WHITE-BREASTED ANTCATCHER.

Htrpsilochmus argentatus DES MURS in Castelnau, Exp6d. Amer. Sud, Zool., i,
Oiseaux, livr.i 8, June 1856, p. 53, pi. 17, fig. 2 ( = d" imm.) (Nauta, ne. Peru;
type in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Myrmeciza argentata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 250 (Nauta) ; idem, Cat.
Coll. Amer. B.f 1862, p. 187 (e. Peru).

Heterocnemis argentata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1871, p. 749 ("Oyapoc, Cay-
enne""); SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1873, p. 275 (Chamicuros, e. Peru);
TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 59 (Nauta, Chamicuros); SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 277 (descr. c? , 9 ; "Oyapoc, Cayenne"*;
Iquitos, Loretoyacu, Chamicuros, e. Peru; Sarayacu, e. Ecuador b); BER-
LEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 76 (part; Maipures, R. Ori-
noco; spec, in Tring Museum examined).

Sclateria argentata MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (gth ser.),
8, 1906, p. 35 (Nauta; crit. on type); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun.
Braz., i, 1907, p. 219 (range); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 375
(Humaytha, Rio Madeira); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 352 (Rio Madeira); BER-
LEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 161 ("Oyapoc," ex SCLATER); SNETHLAGE,
Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 17 (Ponto Alegre, Rio Purvis); idem, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 303 (same locality).

Heterocnemis albiventris PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 87, 161 (Salto do
Girao [type], Guajaraguacu, Borba, Rio Madeira; Marabitanas, Rio Negro;
Engenho do Gama, Matto Grosso, w. Matto Grosso; spec, in Vienna Museum
examined)*.

Range: Upper Amazonia, from the Rio Madeira and the upper
Rio Negro (Marabitanas) west to eastern Peru and eastern Ecuador,
south to western Matto Grosso (Rio Guapore*), north to Maipures,
Orinoco R., Venezuela.

*Sclateriad schistacea schistacea (Sclater). SLATE-COLORED ANT-
CATCHER.

Hypocnemis schistacea SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 252 (Rio Javarri,
ne. Peru; type in British Museum examined by C. E. H.; = o" ad.); idem,

form may be separated by its whiter throat and middle of the abdomen.

Type in Carnegie Museum, No. 71603 d" ad. Santarem, Rio Tapaj6z, March 28,
1919- S. M. Klages.— C. E. H.

• The bird in the British Museum labeled "Oyapoc, Cayenne", on the authority
of Mme. Verdey, actually pertains to this form, but the locality is no doubt errone-
ous.—C. E. H.

b Specimen "b" from Bartica Grove, British Guiana, proves to be a young
male of S. schistacea leucostigma (PELZ.). — C. E. H.

0 The types of H. albiventris PELZ. from the Rio Madeira are indistinguishable
from Peruvian and Orinocan specimens. Two males from w. Matto Grosso, described
by Pelzeln as "Mas junior," have more slate gray along the flanks, and the feathers
of the chest margined with the same, while two females also present several slight
differences. They form the transition to the race found on the banks of the
Tapaj6z.— C. E. H.

d I feel very doubtful as to the systematic position of this and the succeeding
species. The genera Myrmeciza and Sclateria are exceedingly close in structural

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 255

Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 287 (Rio Javarri); TACZANOWSKI, Orn.
P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 69 (ex SCLATER); BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1896, p. 384 (La Merced, La Gloria, Borgofia, Chanchamayo, Dept.
Junin; specimens examined); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 298
(ex SCLATER).

Sclateria schistacea BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, 1906, p. n8 (Huay-
napata, Marcapata; spec, examined); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8,
1914, p. 304 (diag.; Rio Javarri).

Sclateria schistacea schistacea HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 344, 347 (crit.,
descr. d", 9 ; Rio Javarri; La Gloria, Borgona, Chanchamayo; Pozuzo,
Prov. Huanuco; Marcapata, Peru); idem, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10,
1920, p. 105 (Chaquimayo).

Range: Eastern, central and southeastern Peru, in depts. Loreto
(Rio Javarri), Huanuco (Pozuzo, Vista Alegre, Huachipa), Junin
(Chanchamayo district), Cuzco (Marcapata) and northern Puno
(Chaquimaj'o, Sierra of Carabaya).a

4: Peru (Vista Alegre i, Huachipa 3).

details. There is certainly no difference with respect to the adhesion of the toes,
the second phalanx of the middle toe being entirely free in the genotypes of both
genera (S. naevia and M. longipes), as well as in S. caurensis and the members of the
5. schistacea group. In S. naevia the acrotarsium is generally fused into a single
lamina, though in some specimens obsolete divisions are still discernible. Most of
the individuals of S. s. leucostigma also have a single lamina. S. s. schistacea and
S. s. subplumbea, as a rule, show very distinct scutes, yet in two skins of the latter
they are almost completely fused. S. caurensis occupies an intermediate position,
having two slight divisions on the lower part of the acrotarsium. While S. leucos-
tigma, in shape of bill, comes nearest to S. naevia, S. s. schistacea has a much shorter,
laterally less compressed bill. S. caurensis, by its more graduated tail and less
compact feathering of forehead, approaches Myrmeciza, while its bill is not unlike
that of S. leucostigma, though proportionately larger and stronger. Yet in style of
coloration it agrees so closely with the members of the S. schistacea group that I
cannot possibly refer it to another genus. It is an open question, however, whether
it would not be preferable to restrict the genus Sclateria to the 5. naevia group or
to merge it with Myrmeciza. — C. E. H.

•The type from the Rio Javarri is slightly smaller than males from Chancha-
mayo and Huanuco (Pozuzo, Vista Alegre, Huachipa), but agrees in coloration. In
three females from Huanuco (Pozuzo, Huachipa) and Junin (Tulumayo) the crown
and sides of the head are dark slate gray, in strong contrast to the rufous brown back.
Two females from Marcapata and one from Chaquimayo, Peru, have the same parts
dark olive brown, and the flanks strongly washed with brown, and may belong to
a different race which I am, however, unwilling to separate without knowledge of
the male.

MEASUREMENTS

WING TAIL BILL

One o" o" ad., Rio Javarri (type) 63 49 17!^

Two 0*0* ad., Chanchamayo 68,68 51,54 i8,i8#

Three d" d" ad. Dept. Huanuco 66,67,67 50.52,53 17.18,18

Two 9 9 ad. Dept. Huanuco 64,68 54.54 17,18

Two 9 9 ad. Marcapata, Cuzco 69,70 57.57 J

One 9 ad. Chaquimayo, Carabaya 69 58

256 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Sclateria schistacea subplumbea (Sclater and Sdlvin).* UPPER AMA-
ZONIAN ANT CAT CHER.

Dysithamnus subplumbeus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lend., 1880, p. 158
(Sarayacu [type], Zamora, e. Ecuador; Iquitos, ne. Peru; spec, in British
Museum examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 226 (same
localities).

Dysithamnus plumbeus (not of WIED) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 457
(Zamora, e. Ecuador); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 178 (part;
spec, d, Zamora).

Sclateria schistacea subplumbea HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 345, 347
(crit., descr. cT, 9 ; Sarayacu, Zamora, e. Ecuador; Iquitos, ne. Peru; "Bo-
gota"; Rio Meta, e. Colombia); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914,
p. 304 (range).

Heterocnemis leucostigma (not of PELZELN) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 276 (part; spec. 1-p, Sarayacu, e. Ecuador; "Bogotd," in Brit. Mus.
examined).

Range: Upper Amazonia, from eastern Colombia ("Bogotd";
Rio Meta, on the way from Villa vicencio to Medina; La Morelia,
Caqueta' b) through eastern Ecuador to the north bank of the Maranon
(Iquitos), northeastern Peru.*

*Sclateria schistacea leucostigma (Pelzeln). SPOT-WINGED ANT-
CATCHER.

Percnostola leucostigma PELZELN, Ornith. Bras., 2, Sept. i868,d p. 86, 160 (Barra
do Rio Negro = Manaos [type]; Marabitanas, Rio Vaup6, Rio Negro dis-
trict; Cayenne; specimens in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Heterocnemis leucostigma SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 427 (Bartica Grove, Camacusa,
Merum6 Mts., British Guiana); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 276 (part; spec, a-j, Surinam, Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Takutu River,
British Guiana).

• Sclateria schistacea subplumbea (ScL. and SALV.) : Differs from 5. s. schistacea
of c. Peru in generally larger bill with lighter mandible, lighter slate gray under
parts and less blackish crown in the male; less castaneous back, but somewhat deeper
chestnut under parts in the female sex. The difference in size is far from constant,
though specimens from north of the Maranon generally have a larger, stronger bill.
The apical spots on the wing coverts in the male are small white dots as in 5. s. schis-
tacea. Material: five cfcf, two 9 9 "Bogot£";one o71 juv., one 9 La Morelia, Ca-
quetd; one o" ad. Sarayacu (type), one o" juv. Zamora; four o" o", three 9 9 Rio
Suno above Avila, e. Ecuador; two 0*0" ad. Iquitos, ne. Peru. — C. E. H.

b An adult female and a young male, secured by Leo E. Miller in July 1912, in
the collection of the Amer. Mus. of Nat. Hist. — C. E. H.

• In the absence of adults it is impossible to ascertain whether a young female
from Xeberos, n. Peru, should be referred to this or the preceding race

d The second part of Pelzeln's "Ornithologie Brasiliens" was issued late in
September 1868, according to information received from the publisher. See also
CABANIS (Journ. Ornith., 1868, p. 409) who exhibited a copy at the Annual Meeting
of the German Ornithological Society, held at Berlin on October 6, 1868.

i924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— CORY.

*5 /

Sclateria leucostigma BERLEPSCH Nov 7™i

Sclatena schistacea leucostigma HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool
descr. rf. o; Manaos, Rj- " — ' ^

«aa errore CLATER, Cat. B. Brit Mus „
(part; spec, b, Bartica Grove, examined by C EH) 5> 9 ' P'

. : British Guiana (Rio Carimang ,) ; BraZil (Conceisao, Rio Branco i).
Sclateria schistacea humaythae ^«wayr.. HUMAVTHA ANTCATCHER

Sclalma srtutaaa humalka , Bull. Brit Orn Cl 1O P h

Sclateria schistacea saturata (s«W«)> ROEAIMA ANTCATCHER

ittt'

p. 276 (Roraima).

Range: Roraima Mts., British Guiana

ades of tEe head ochraceous buff S a brown m^h? pay)' the lorcs and
lars (instead of uniform slate gra™ the ^SZ'SSi hriES'T P°rti°» of auricu-
deep ferrugmous), and the upplr surfacl muc?S? r hf f1"510^^ (instead of
of deg, rufou, brown,.

258 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Sclateria caurensis Hellmayr.* CAURA ANTCATCHER.

Sclateria schistacea caurensis HELLMAYR, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 19, 1906, p. 9

(Caura River [ = Turagua Mts.], Venezuela); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst.,

Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 287 (part).
Myrmeciza schistacea TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 26, 1913, p. 172 (El Llaguah

Caura River, Venezuela; type in Carnegie Museum examined by C. E. H.);

CHERRIE, 1. c., 2, 1916, p. 288 (El Llagual; ex TODD).

Range: Eastern Venezuela, Caura River (Turagua Mt., El Llagual).

Genus MYRMECIZA Gray.

Myrmeciza GRAY, List Genera Birds, 2d edit., 1841, p. 34 (type by orig. desig.,
Drymophila longipes SwAlNSONb).

Myrmonax CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13, (i), 1847, p. 210 (new name for Myrme-
ciza GRAY on grounds of purism).

Myrmelastes SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 274 (type by subs, desig.,
Sclater, 1890, Myrmelastes plumbeus SCLATER = Thamnophilus hyperythrus
SCLATER).

*Myrmeciza longipes longipes (Swainson). SWAINSON'S ANTCATCHER.

Drymophila longipes SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., 2, No. 6, July 1825, p. 152 ("from
some part of Brazil [I was told from Rio de Janeiro]," errore!, as type local-
ity, Trinidad suggested by Hellmayr, 1906; descr. d" ad.); idem, Zool. Illustr.,
(2d ser.), i, No. 5, 1829, text to pi. 23 ("M. grattatoria") (fig. of type speci-
men0).

Myrmonax longipes BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 64 (ex
SWAINSON).

Myrmeciza longipes SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 249 (part; hab. Ven-
ezuela, Trinidad); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 278 (part; spec, a,
b, Puerto Cabello, Venezuela; Trinidad).

Myrmeciza longipes longipes HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 33 (Chaguara-
mas, Laventille, Caparo, Trinidad); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull.,
i, No. 13, 1908, p. 366 (Carenage, Trinidad).

Formicarius longipes LEOTAUD, Ois. Trinidad, 1866, p. 191 (Trinidad).

6 Sclateria caurensis HELLMAYR: Male agreeing in dark slate gray coloration with
S, s. saturata, but very much larger, with much stronger, heavier bill, more strongly
graduated tail, and less densely feathered forehead. Female similar to S. s. schistacea,
but much larger, etc., and upper parts less rufous brown. Wing (two tf c?) 84, 85,
(one 9 ) 83; tail, 74-78; tarsus, 28-30; bill, 21-22. In spite of its similarity in colora-
tion, I am now inclined to regard this bird as specifically distinct. See also footnote
on p. 255. — C. E. H.

b Not Myrmothera longipes VIEILLOT (Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 12,
1817, p. 113) — an unidentifiable species from Guiana — as given by Robert Ridgway
and other writers.

0 This excellent illustration enables us to identify, with absolute certainty,
Swainson's species as pertaining to the race of n. Venezuela and Trinidad.

BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 259

Myrmeciza swainsoni BERLEPSCH, Ibis, (sth ser.), 6, 1888, p. 130 (new name for

Drymophila longipes SWAINSON').
Myrmeciza longipes albiventris CHAPMAN, Auk, 10, 1893, p. 343 (Princestown,

Trinidad); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 6, 1894, p. 51 (Princestown);

PHELPS, Auk, 14, 1897, p. 365 (Cumanacoa, S. Antonio, Bermudez).

Range: Trinidad; northern Venezuela, in states of Bermudez (San
Antonio, Cumanacoa, etc., inland of Cumand), Caracas, Aragua (Mara-
cay, Lake of Valencia) and Carabobo (Puerto Cabello); northeastern
Colombia, in State of Santander (El Guayabal, ten miles north of San
Jose" de Cucuta).b

9: Venezuela (Maracay, Aragua 3, Caracas 4, Lake of Valencia i);
Colombia (El Guayabal, State of Santander i).

Myrmeciza longipes panamensis Ridgway. WHITE-BELLIED ANT-
CATCHER.

Myrmeciza boucardi panamensis RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, 1908,
p. 144 (line of Panama Railroad); idem, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911,
p. 107 (Veragua, Panama; Santa Marta district, ne. Colombia); STONE,
Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 70, 1918, p. 261 (Tabernilla, Pedro Miguel, Panama
Canal Zone).

Myrmeciza boucardi (not of BERLEPSCH) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 279 (part; spec, c-e, Veragua, Panama); BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
12, 1898, p. 138 ("Santa Marta"); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 13,
1900, p. 160 (Bonda, Cacagualito, Santa Marta district).

Myrmeciza longipes (not of SWAINSON) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. Hist., 7,
1862, p. 325 (Lion Hill, Panama); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1864, p. 357 (Lion Hill).

Myrmeciza swainsoni (not of BERLEPSCH) SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-
Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 229 (part; Veraguas; Lion Hill, Panama).

Drymophila swainsoni THAYER and BANGS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, 1906,
p. 217 (savanna of Panama).

Myrmeciza longipes panamensis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,
19*7. P- 385 (Algodonal, lower Magdalena River); TODD and CARRIKER,
Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 1922, p. 303 (Bonda, Buritaca, Don Diego, Funda-
ci6n, Tucurinca, Valencia, Santa Marta district).

Range: Eastern Panama (Veragua; Lion Hill, Panama, Tabernilla,
Pedro Miguel) and northern Colombia (Carthagena; Algodonal, lower
Magdalena River; Santa Marta district).

• This renaming was quite unnecessary, since Myrmothera longipes VIEILLOT,
1817, an unidentifiable species of some other genus, does not invalidate the later
Drymophila longipes SWAINSON. 1825.

b A single male from this locality appears to be identical with others from
Venezuela which I am unable to distinguish from Trinidad birds. — C. E. H.

260 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

*Myrmeciza longipes boucardi Berlepsch. SLATY-CROWNED ANT-
CATCHER.

Myrmeciza boucardi BERLEPSCH, Ibis, (sth ser.), 6, 1888, p. 129 ("Bogota"

collections; type in Berlepsch Collection examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER,

Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 279 (part; "Bogota").
Myrmeciza longipes boucardi CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917,

p. 384 (Honda, El Consuelo, Chicoral, Andalucia, upper Magdalena Valley).
Myrmeciza longipes (not of SWAINSON) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 147

(Bogota); idem, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 249 (part; descr. of o" and hab. "New

Granada" = Bogotd).

Range: Restricted to the upper Magdalena Valley, central Col-
ombia (from about Honda up to Andalucia, alt. 5,000 feet).
4: Colombia (native "Bogotd" skins, 4).

*Myrmeciza longipes griseipectus Berlepsch and Hartert* GRAY-
CHESTED ANTCATCHER.

Myrmeciza swainsoni griseipectus BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9,
1902, p. 76 (Caicara [type], Perico, Munduapo, R. Orinoco; Suapure, La
Pricion, Caura River, Venezuela; British Guiana; type examined by C. E. H.);
SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 286 (Monte Alegre, lower Amazon).

Myrmeciza longipes griseipectus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 32 (Obidos) ;
CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 288 (Rio Orinoco, from
Caicara upwards; Suapure, Maripa, Caura R.); HARTERT and GOODSON,
Nov. Zool., 24, 1917, p. 498 (variation).

Myrmeciza griseipectus SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 61, 1913, p. 529 (high cam-
pos of Monte Alegre and Rio Maecuni); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914,
p. 291 (Monte Alegre, Erer6, Rio Maecuni, n. Brazil).

Myrmeciza longipes (not of SWAINSON) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 278 (part; spec, c-f, Quonga, Brit. Guiana).

Myrmoderus longipes CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 60 (upper Takutu
R., Quonga, Brit. Guiana).

Myrmeciza swainsoni (not of BERLEPSCH) SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-
Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 229 (part; British Guiana; Villavicencio, upper
Rio Meta, e. Colombia; spec, in British Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Range : British Guiana (Quonga, Takutu River) ; southern Venezuela
(Caura River Valley, and on the Orinoco River from Caicara upwards) ;
eastern Colombia (Villavicencio, upper Rio Meta); northern Brazil,
from the Rio Branco south to the north bank of the lower Amazon
(Obidos, Monte Alegre, Rio Maecuni). b

i: Brazil (Serra Grande, Rio Branco i).

• Myrmeciza longipes griseipectus BERLEPSCH and HARTERT: This well differen-
tiated race combines the gray chest of boucardi with the mostly rufous brown pileum
and hindneck of longipes.

b Males from Villavicencio, e. Colombia, agree with the typical series from the
middle Orinoco, while those from Quonga, Caura, and Obidos have the gray pec-

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 261

*Myrmeciza laemosticta laemosticta Salvin. SALVIN'S ANTCATCHER.

Myrmeciza laemosticta SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., "1864" (publ. April i, 1865),
p. 582 (Tucurriqui, Costa Rica; type in Brit. Museum examined by C. E. H.;
= 9 ad.); idem, 1. c., 1867, p. 145 (Santa F6 de Veragua; spec. [9] exam-
ined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 280 (Tucurriqui;
Santa F6, Veragua; descr. 9); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ.,
Aves, 2, 1892, p. 230, pi. 51, fig. i (Tucurriqui, Santa F6; descr. 9); CAR-
RIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910, p. 617 (Caribbean slopes of Costa Rica;
crit., habits); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 109 (Costa
Rica; Veragua).

Myrmeciza laemosticta laemosticta HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 343 (crit.,
sexual difference; Tucurriqui, Carrillo, Costa Rica; Santa F6, Veragua).

Drymophila laemosticta CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., S, 1908, p. 9 (Costa
Rica; sexual difference).

Myrmeciza stictoptera LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 8, 1867, p. 132 (Angos-
tura, Costa Rica; = d" ad.); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ. ,
Aves, 2, 1892, p. 230 (Costa Rica).

Range: Caribbean slope of Costa Rica, and western Panama
(Santa Fe de Veragua). a

2: Costa Rica (Tuis i, Siguirres i).

Myrmeciza laemosticta palliata- Todd.b PALE ANTCATCHER.

Myrmeciza laemosticta palliata TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 30, 1917, p. 129
(La Palmita, State of Santander, n. Colombia) ; BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, No. 6, 1922, p. 207 (Mt. Sap6, Darien, e. Panama).

Myrmeciza laemosticta nigricauda (not of SALVIN and GODMAN) CHAPMAN, Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, P- 385 (part; Puerto Valdivia, lower
Cauca).

Range: Northern Colombia, in states of Santander (La Palmita)
and Antioquia (Puerto Valdivia, lower Cauca), and eastern Panama
(Mt. Sap6, Darien).'

toral area somewhat paler as well as more restricted. The variation in the wing
markings, to which Hartert and Goodson (1. c.) called attention, may likewise be
of racial significance, but the accessible material is not quite conclusive. — C. E. H.

• A single female from Santa F6 agrees with others from Costa Rica. — C. E. H.

b Myrmeciza laemosticta palliata TODD: Similar to M. I. laemosticta, but paler
throughout; upper parts, flanks and crissum lighter brown; pileum and breast
lighter slate gray; black of under parts in male mainly confined to throat.

• Birds from Darien, according to Bangs and Barbour, point slightly towards
M. I. laemosticta, by being rather darker, more rufescent brown on the flanks, and
by the male having more black underneath.

262 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Mynneciza laemosticta nigricauda Salvin and Godman* DUSKY-
TAILED ANTCATCHER.

Myrmeciza nigricauda SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2,
1892, p. 230 (Intac, w. Ecuador; type in Brit. Museum examined by C. E. H.;
= 9 ad.); HELLMAYR, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 53, 1903, p. 214 (Lita,
Rio Verde, Paramba, Prov. Esmeraldas, nw. Ecuador; crit.; descr. 9).

Myrmeciza laemosticta nigricauda HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 243 (crit.;
Intac, Rio Verde, Paramba, w. Ecuador) ; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 36, 1917, p. 385 (part; S. Jos6, Buenavista, Narino, w. Colombia).

Myrmeciza exsul (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 279
(part; spec, c, Intac).

Range : Southwestern Colombia (S. Jose", near Buenaventura, Choc6 ;
Buenavista, Narino) and western Ecuador (Prov. Esmeraldas; Intac).

*Mynneciza exsul occidentalis Cherrie. WESTERN ANTCATCHER.

Myrmeciza exsul occidentalis CHERRIE, Auk, 8, 1891, p. 191 (Pozo Azul, sw. Costa
Rica); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 113 (Pacific slope of
Costa Rica and w. Panama).

Myrmeciza immaculata (not cf SCLATER and SALVIN) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 279 (part; spec, h-k, Bugaba, Chiriqui).

Myrmelastes occidentalis SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2,
1892, p. 228 (Bebedero, La Palma, Pozo Azul de Pirris, w. Costa Rica); CAR-
RIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 5, 1908, p. 10 (crit.).

Myrmelastes exsul occidentalis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 341 (diag.;
w. Costa Rica, and Chiriqui [Bogava]); BANGS, Auk, 24, 1907, p. 296 (Bor-
uca, Paso Real, Pozo del Rio Grande, Barranca, w. Costa Rica).

Myrmeciza occidentalis CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910, p. 616 (Pacific
slope of s. w. Costa Rica, south of the Gulf of Nicoya; nest and eggs descr.).

Myrmelastes intermedius (not of CHERRIE) SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-
Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 227 (part; San Carlos, S. Mateo, w. Costa Rica;
Bugaba, Chiriqui); BANGS, Auk, 18, 1901, p. 367 (Divala, Chiriqui).

Range: Pacific slope of southwestern Costa Rica (from the Gulf of
Nicoya southward) and western Panama (Divala, Bugaba, Chiriqui).

5: Costa Rica (Boruca i, Rio Naranjo 2, Buenos Aires i); Panama
(Bugaba, Chiriqui i).

*Myrmeciza exsul exsul Sdater. SCLATER'S ANTCATCHER.

Myrmeciza exsul SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, "1858" (publ. 1859), p. 540
(Panama; type in Liverpool Museum examined by C. E. H.); CARRIKER,
Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910, p. 614 (Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica;
habits, nest and eggs descr.).

• Myrmeciza laemosticta nigricauda SALV. and GODM. : Female differs from
M. I. palliata in dull blackish (instead of rufous brown) tail, and the white spotting
below being confined to chin and upper throat. Wing (four specimens) 67-68;
tail 47-49; bill 18-20. No male seen.— C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 263

Myrmelastes exsul exsul HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 340, 341 (crit. ;
Panama; e. Costa Rica; Chon tales, Escondido River, Nicaragua).

Myrmeciza exsul exsul RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. in (Carib-
bean slope of Panama, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua); STONE, Proc. Ac. N.
Sci. Phila., 70, 1918, p. 261 (Gatun, Canal Zone).

Myrmeciza immaculate, (not Thamnophilus immaculatus LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER
and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1864, p. 357 (Lion Hill, Panama; types in British
Museum examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 279 (part; spec, a-g, Panama; 1, "Valza," Costa Rica); SALVIN and GOD-
MAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, pi. 51, fig. 2 (o"), 3 ( ? )•

Myrmeciza intermedia CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Mus., 14, Sept. 1891, p. 345 (Sipurio,
Talamanca, se. Costa Rica).

Myrmelastes intermedius SALVIN AND GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2,
1892, p. 227 (part; Los Sabalos, Nicaragua; Pacuare, Angostura, La Balsa,
Jimenez, Carrillo, Costa Rica; Chepo, Lion Hill, Panama); RICHMOND,
Proc. U. S. Mus., 16, 1893, p. 502 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; habits);
BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 2, 1900, p. 25 (Loma del Leon, Panama).

Range: Caribbean slope of Nicaragua (Los Sabalos, Rio Escon-
dido, Chontales, San Emilis, Lake Nicaragua), Costa Rica and Panama,
-east to the Canal Zone (Lion Hill, Frijole Station, Gatun).

4: Costa Rica (Old Harbor, Talamanca i, Siguirres 2); Nicaragua
(San Emilis, Lake Nicaragua i).

*Myrmeciza exsul cassini (Ridgway).* CASSIN'S ANTCATCHER.

Myrmelastes cassini RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, 1908, p. 194 (Turbo,

nw. Colombia).
Myrmeciza exsul (not of SCLATER) CASSIN, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 191

No. 98 (= cf), 99 (=• 9) (Turbo); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879,

p. 526 (Neche, Antioquia; spec, in Brit. Museum examined by C. E. H.);

SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 279 (part; spec, d, e, "Nichi" =

Neche).
Myrmeciza cassini RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. no (Turbo,

nw. Colombia; Cascajal, Cocl6, Panama [?])-b

» Myrmeciza exsul cassini (RIDGWAY) : Very similar to M . e. maculifer and, like
it, with distinct apical spots to all the upper wing coverts, but upper parts paler,
more olivaceous brown, head and under parts of male less blackish. As pointed out by
F. M. Chapman, birds from the northern end of the range are easily distinguished
from M. e. maculifer of w. Ecuador, but in the central parts of Pacific Colombia
there is such a complete intergradation between these extremes that it is impossible
to assign definite geographic boundaries to either form.

b I cannot help considering this locality as very questionable. Three males
collected by Heyde in February and March, 1889, at Cascajal (Cocl£), in the Tring
Museum are, beyond doubt, referable to M. e. exsul. Heyde's localities are not
always trustworthy, and, as he also obtained many specimens from w. Colombia
(Novita, etc.), an error in labelling the National Museum specimen might have
occurred.— C. E. H.

264 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Myrmelastes exsul maculifer (not of HELLMAYR) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13,
1906, p. 342 (part; Neche, Antioquia); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1169
(part; Neche, Turbo, n. Colombia).

Myrmeciza maculifer cassini CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917,
P- 383 (Rio Salaqui, Alto Bonito, Dabeiba, Rio Sucio; Puerto Valdivia,
lower Cauca; Malena, near Puerto Berrio, lower Magdalena; El Real, Tapa-
liza, e. Panama); BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, No. 6,
1922, p. 207 (Rio Esnape", Jesusito, Darien).

Range: Eastern Panama (Darien) and northern Colombia (Turbo,
Rio Salaqui, Rio Sucio; east to the lower Cauca, Rio Neche, and lower
Magdalena).

i: Colombia (Alto Bonito, Rio Sucio i).

*Myrmeciza exsul maculifer (Hellmayr). WING-SPOTTED ANT CATCHER.

Myrmelastes exsul maculifer HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 340 (Paramba,
Prov. Esmeraldas, nw. Ecuador), 342 (diag.; part; Esmeraldas, Chimbo,
Rio Peripa, Santo Domingo, Guanacillo, Paramba, Cachabi, Lita, S. Javier,
w. Ecuador; Rio Dagua, w. Colombia); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1169
(part; Sipi, Rio Cajon, Novita, Noanama, Rio Dagua, w. Colombia;
nw. Ecuador).

Myrmeciza exsul (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 294 (Esmer-
aldas); BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1883, p. 566 (Chimbo); SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 279 (part; spec, a-c, Esmeraldas, Intac,
w. Ecuador); HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 493 (Cachavi, Paramba, nw.
Ecuador); SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899,
p. 31 (Rio Peripa); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 65 (Santo Domingo, Guana-
cillo).

Myrmeciza maculifer maculifer CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,
I9I7> P- 382 (Bagado, near sources of R. Atrato; Baudo, Novita, Juntas do
Tamana, San Jose", Los Cisneros, Barbacoas, Buenavista [Narifio], sw. Col-
ombia).

Range: Western Ecuador, from at least Naranjo and Chimbo, Prov.
Guayas, northward, and western Colombia north to Bagado, at the
head of the Atrato.

16: Ecuador (Chimbo 3, Bulun i, San Javier i, Paramba i, Cachy-
jacu, Prov. Esmeraldas i) ; Colombia (Jimenez 3, Rio Dagua i, El Tigre,
Rio Tamand 2, Juntas de Tanamd 2, Noanama i).

Myrmeciza hyperythra (Sclater). PLUMBEOUS ANTCATCHER.

Thamnophilus hyperythrus SCLATER, Edinb. New Philos. Journ., (n. s.), i, April
1855, p. 235 (descr. of 9 ; Chamicuros, e. Peru, type in coll. J. Gould, now in
British Museum, examined by C. E. H.); GOULD, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2d
ser.), 15, May 1855, p. 346 (Chamicuros); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, May 16,

1 92 4. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 265

1855, p. 70 (Chamicuros, e. Peru); SCLATER, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 211 (descr. cf, 9 ;
Chamicuros, Rio Huallaga; Pebas, e. Peru); SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c.,
1866, p. 185 (lower Ucayali).

Myrmelastes hyperythrus JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 442 (Rio Jurua;
one 9 in Mus. Paulista examined by C. E. H.); idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., I,
1907, p. 218 (Rio Jurua); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom.
Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 29 (Pebas, Peru); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith.,
56, 1908, p. 16 (Bom Lugar, Monte Verde, Ponte Alegre, Rio Punis); idem,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 305 (same localities).

Myrmelastes plumbeus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 274, pi. 143 (descr.
cf, 9 ; Rio Javarri, type, now in British Museum, examined by C. E. H.);
idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 189 (type in Coll. Sclater); SCLATER
and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 567 (e. Peru); TACZANOWSKI, Oin. Pe>ou,
2, 1884, p. 24 (Pebas, Nauta, Xeberos, Santa Cruz, Iquitos, e. Peru); ALLEN,
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 95 (Reyes, lower Beni, n. Bolivia).

Thamnophilus plumbeus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 273 (Pebas,
Nauta, Xeberos, Santa Cruz; crit.; sexual diff.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 193 (lower Ucayali, Chamicuros, Pebas, Samiria).

Sclateria leucostigma (errore) JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 442 (Rio
Jurud; o" in Mus. Paulista examined by C. E. H.).

Sclateria schistacea leucostigma idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 219 (Rio
Jurua).

Range: Upper Amazonia, from western Brazil (rivers Purus and
Jurud) west to eastern Peru, south to northern Bolivia (Reyes).

Myrmeciza cryptoleuca (Menegaux and Hellwiayr) .* CASTELNAU'S
ANTCATCHER.

Myrmelastes cryptoleucus MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris,
(9th ser.), 8, 1906, p. 30 (descr. o" ad., Pebas, ne. Peru; type in Paris Museum) ;
SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 306 (translation of original descrip-
tion).

Range: Northeastern Peru (Pebas).

• Myrmeciza cryptoleuca (MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR) : Male deep black, more
sooty on rump and flanks ; feathers of the upper back extensively white at base, forming
a large semi-concealed interscapular blotch; axillars white at their base, under wing
coverts white, some of them narrowly edged with black; remiges conspicuously
edged with white along basal half of inner web. Wing 73 #, 78; tail 60, 6o>/;
tars. 26; bill 22, 23. Female unknown.

In structural characters, especially moderately long tarsi and relative length of
tail, this species closely resembles M. hyperythra, but the bill is somewhat shorter
while the feathers of the pileum are distinctly elongated so as to form a slight crest.
By its black coloration, M. cryptoleuca approaches M. goeldii, but is much smaller;
has the under wing coverts and quill lining white instead of black, and lacks the
white stripe along the scapular edge of the wing. — C. E. H.

266 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Myrmeciza goeldii (Snethlage) .» GOELDI'S ANTCATCHER.

Myrmelasles goeldii SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 17 (Bom Lugar
and Ponto Alegre, Rio Purus; types in Museu Goeldi, Para, examined by
C. E. H.); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 5, "1907," p. 58 (same localities); idem,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 305 (same localities).

Range: Rio Punis, western Brazil.

*Myrmeciza melanoceps (Spix). SPIX'S ANTCATCHER.

Thamnophilus melanoceps SPix,Av. Bras. ,2, 1825, p. 28, pi. 39, fig. i (= 9) ("in
sylvis Parae," locality no doubt erroneous, we substitute Rio /fa, nw. Brazil;
type in Munich Museum examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond.,
25, 1857, p. 133 (Sarayacu, Rio Ucayali, e. Peru); idem, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 65
(Rio Napo, Quixos, e. Ecuador), 210 (descr. 9 : Sarayacu, e. Peru; Quixos,
e. Ecuador).

Myrmdastes melanoceps HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3,
1906, p. 662 (descr. of type); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom.
Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 29 (crit.; Yaguas and Sarayacu, e. Peru); JHER-
ING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 217 (Amaz. sup.); SNETHLAGE,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 305 (Amazonia sup.).

Myrmeciza melanoceps CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 382
(Florencia, La Morelia, Re. Colombia).

Thamnophilus conrinus SCLATER, Edinb. New Philos. Journ., (n. s.), i, April
1855, P- 234 (descr. o"; Rio Ucayali, e. Peru; type in Coll. J. Gould, now in
British Museum, examined by C. E. H.); GOULD, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2d
ser.), 15, May 1855, p. 345 (Rio Ucayali); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, May 16,
1855, p. 69 (Rio Ucayali); SCLATER, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 65 (Quixos, e. Ecua-
dor), 210 (descr. <?; Rio Ucayali, Rio Napo); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds,
1862, p. 173 (Rio Napo); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 185
(Rio Ucayali, near Cashiboya) ; PELZKLN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 75,
Note 3 (Maynas, Peru).

• Myrmeciza goeldii (SNETHLAGE) : Male deep black, relieved only by a distinct
white stripe along scapular edge of wing and by the extensive white basis to the
feathers of the upper back, forming a large semi-concealed interscapular blotch.
Female above bright cinnamon rufous, slightly duller and darker on crown, passing
into dull gray on forehead and superciliary region; auriculars dull brown, narrowly
streaked with whitish; basal portion of interscapular feathers extensively white;
upper wing coverts, tertials and outer web of remiges somewhat duller cinnamon
rufous than the back, inner web of the latter dusky; rectrices deep rufous brown,
their shafts dusky above, buffy white underneath. Throat and cheeks white, slightly
tinged with buff on malar region; remainder of under parts bright ochraceous cinna-
mon, deepest on flanks, palest on middle of breast; under wing coverts somewhat
duller than breast; narrow margin along inner web of remiges pale cinnamon. Bill
in both sexes black, o" ad. wing 94; tail 74; tars. 33; bill 21; 9 ad. wing 90;
tail (molting); tars. 30; bill 20^- (Description taken from the types in the
Museu Goeldi, Para, Brazil).

In structure and proportions M. goeldii agrees perfectly with M. melanoceps,
but is easily distinguished by possessing a large white interscapular blotch in either
sex. Besides, in the male the white scapular stripe is not extended around the bend
of the wing, as is invariably the case in all specimens of M. melanoceps examined
by me, and the female is altogether different, that of M . melanoceps having the head
all round, including throat, dull black, the back and under parts much darker,
duller, etc.— C. E. H.

IQ24- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 267

Myrmelastes nigerrimus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 275 (descr. o";
"Upper Amazons" = Rio Javarri; type in British Museum examined by
C. E. H.); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 3, 1884, p. 25 (descr. o"; Pebas).

Diallactes melanoccphalus CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 18,
Note (new name for Thamnophilus melanoceps SPIX).

Thamnophilus melanocephalus SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862, p. 172 (Rio
Napo).

Thamnophilus leuconctus (not of SPIX) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
18?3, p. 272 (Cashiboya, Santa Cruz, e. Peru); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou,
2, 1884, p. 5 (descr. o", 9 from Rio Napo; upper Ucayali, Cashiboya, Santa
Cruz); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 188 (descr. cf, 9; Pebas,
Rio Javarri, Loretoyacu, upper Ucayali, Santa Cruz, Peru; Rio Napo [exct.
spec, d, ex Loretoyacu, which pertains to M. fortis]); GOODFELLOW, Ibis,
1902, p. 63 (sources of the Rio Napo, e. Ecuador; spec, in Tring Museum
examined by C. E. H.).

Myrmeciza berlepschi peruviana CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser.,
i, No. 10, Aug. 1916, p. 339 (Yane Yacu, near Yurimaguas, n. Peru; = d1).

Range: From southeastern Colombia (Caquetd-region) through
eastern Ecuador south to the rivers Ucayali and Javarri, eastern
Peru.*

i: Peru (Yane Yacu, near Yurimaguas, type of M. b. peruviana).

Mynneciza fortis (Sclater and Salvin).b SOOTY ANTCATCHER.

Percnostola fortis SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 980, pi. 45 (P.fune-
bris on plate) (Pebas and Chyavetas, ne. Peru; types in British Museum exam-
ined by C. E. H.); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 275 (same localities); TACZANOWSKI,

• There may be two races of this species, the type of T. melanoceps and birds
from Ecuador having a decidedly longer tail. Should the difference prove to be
constant, the southern form would have to stand as M. melanoceps corvina (SCLATER).

WING TAIL BILL

Two c? o" ad., Archidona and Napo Village 89,90 78,80 20,23

One 9 ad., type of Th. melanoceps 85 72 22^

One o" ad., Yaguas, n. Peru 91 64 24

One c?1 ad., Rio Tigre, R. Marafion 87 64 24^

One cf ad., Yane Yacu (type of M. b. peruviana) 92 66 23

One d" ad., Santa Cruz, n. Peru 91 tf 64 >£ 22

One o" ad., Ucayali (type of T. corvinus) 89 67 23

One o" ad., Rio Javarri (type of M. nigerrimus) 89 64 23

Two 9 9 ad., Sarayacu, R. Ucayali 81,83 60,65 23,24

— C. E. H.

b Myrmeciza fortis (SCLATER and SALVIN) is very nearly related to M . i. immacu-
lata (LAFR.), with which it agrees in length of tarsus and shape of bill, but may be
distinguished by its absolutely and proportionately shorter tail, more densely
feathered forehead and loral region, and by the sooty (instead of deep black) colora-
tion of the male; while the female is very differently colored, having the under
parts cinerous, the top of the head rufous brown, in decided contrast to the dull
rufescent brown back, etc.

Measurements of six males: wing 83-88; tail 68-71; tarsus, 32-35; bill 20^-23.

Measurements of six females: wing 80-76; tail 64-69; tarsus, 30-34; bill 20-22.
— C. E. H.

268 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

1. c., 1882, p. 31 (Yurimaguas) ; idem, Ornith. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 58 (descr.
d", 9; Pebas, Chyavetas, Yurimaguas); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 274 (Pebas, Chyavetas, Peru; Sarayacu, e. Ecuador); SALVADORI
and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899, p. 31 (Rio Santiago,
e. Ecuador; specimens in Turin Museum examined by C. E. H.); JHERING,
Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 442 (Rio Jurua; spec, in Mus. Paulista exam-
ined by C. E. H.); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 307 (Alto Ama-
zonas).

Myrmelastes fortis MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (9th
ser.), 8, 1906, p. 32 (Yaguas, Pebas, n. Peru); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14,
1907, p. 66 (Teffe', Rio Solimo€s); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz.,
I, 1907, p. 218 (Rio Jurua).

Thamnophilus leuconotus (not of SPIX) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 1 88 (part; spec, d, d" ad. Loretoyacu, Peru, examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Upper Amazonia, from southeastern Colombia (La Murelia,
Terr, del Caquetd*; Cuembi, R. Putumayo, Terr. Narifiob) through
eastern Ecuador south to central Peru (Dept. Huanuco0) and western
Brazil (Teffe", Rio Solimoes; Rio Jurua).

Myrmeciza immaculata immaculata (Lafresnaye). IMMACULATE ANT-
CATCHER.

Thamnophilus immaculatus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 8, 1845, p. 340 (descr.
cT, 9 ; "Bogota," Colombia; types, now in Museum Comp. Zool., Cambridge,
examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Edinb. New Philos. Journ., (n. s.), I,
1855, p. 249 (Bogota); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 148 (Bogota); idem,
1. c., 26, 1858, p. 211 (part; Bogota); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862, p. 173
(part; spec, a, Bogota); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 189 (part;
Bogota).

Myrmeciza immaculatus immaculatus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
36, 1917, p. 384 (La Frijolera, lower Cauca; Miraflores, western slope of
c. Andes; Fusugasuga, Honda, El Consuelo, Magdalena R., Colombia) d.

• A female in the Amer. Mus. of Nat. Hist., No. 116,283, obtained by L. E.
Miller.— C. E. H.

b A female secured by Gustav Hopke, in the Berlepsch Collection. — C. E. H.

• A nearly adult male from Chuchurras, alt. 1,000 feet, collected in July 1904
by W. Hoffmanns, in the Tring Museum. — C. E. H.

d Birds from the upper Magdalena (Honda) agree perfectly with the types,
kindly loaned by Mr. Bangs, and other examples from Bogotd. Three females from La
Frijolera and Miraflores (east of Palmira), Cauca Valley, while typical of immaculatus,
as far as coloration is concerned, approach the western race berlepschi by their
slightly larger bill and less densely feathered forehead. It is certainly misleading to
describe the female of this race as having "the f oreneck and chest grayish. ' ' In the type
and two other Bogota skins, as well as in five females from the Magdalena and Cauca
valleys, the lower throat (or foreneck) only is dull smoke grayish, edged with olive
brownish, while the color of the chest may be described as dull rufescent brown,
with the dingy grayish basal portion of the feathers showing through; remainder
of under surface rufous brown, more or less shaded with grayish along middle line.
" E. H.

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 269

Pyriglena ettisiana SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 109, pi. 100 (descr. 9 ;

Bogotd ; type in British Museum examined by C. E. H.); idem, 1. c., p. 147

(Bogota); idem, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 246 (descr. d1 imm., 9 ; Bogota).
Myrmeciza zeledoni affinis TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 26, 1913, p. 172 (Guarico,

Estado Lara, nw. Venezuela; descr. 9 , type in Carnegie Museum examined

by C. E. H.).«

Range: Eastern and central Andes of Colombia (Bogotd; upper
Magdalena Valley; La Frijolera, lower Cauca; Miraflores, west slope
of central Andes); northwestern Venezuela, State of Lara (Guarico).

*Myrmeciza immaculata berlepschi Ridgway* BERLEPSCH'S ANT-
CATCHER.

Myrmeciza berlepschi RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, April 1909, p. 74

(Chimbo, w. Ecuador); BANGS, 1. c., 23, 1910, p. 73 (Palmar, La Maria,

Dagua River; Pavas, w. Andes, Colombia).
Myrmeciza immaculatus berlepschi CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,

1917, P- 384 (crit.; Alto Bonito, Bagado, Baudo, Novitd, Salencio, San Jos6,

Las Lornitas, Barbacoas, Buenavista, Pacific slope of w. Andes, Colombia;

Rio de Oro, Naranjo, Santa Rosa, w. Ecuador).
Thamnophilus immaculatus (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26,

1858, p. 2ii (part; western base of Andes, near Quito); idem, Cat. Coll.

Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 173 (part; spec, b, Nanegal); idem, P. Z. S. Lond.,

1860, p. 89 (Nanegal); BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1883, p. 564

(Chimbo); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 189 (part; w. Ecuador);

HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 491 (Cachabi, Chimbo); GOODFELLOW,

Ibis, 1902, p. 64 (Santo Domingo, S. Nicolas).
Myrmelastes immaculatus SALVADOR! and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14,

No. 362, 1899, p. 31 (Peripa).
Myrmelastes immaculatus immaculatus (err.) HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911,

p. 1 1 68 (Pueblo Rico, Primavera, w. Colombia).
Myrmelastes immaculatus berlepschi MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. gebgr. Mes. Arc

Mend. Equat., 9, 1911, p. B 35 (Mindo, Gualea); LONNBERG and RENDAHL,

Arkiv Zool., 14, No. 25, 1922, p. 68 (Santo Domingo de los Coronados,

below Gualea).

• I am unable to separate the type and another female from Guarico from M . i. im-
maculata. In dense feathering of forehead, narrow bill, coloration of under parts
and restriction of white on bend of wing, they are practically identical with the
female type in the Lafresnaye Collection and Bother specimens from e. Colombia.
The male is unknown. Additional material from Venezuela should be examined. —
C. E. H.

b Myrmeciza immaculata berlepschi RIDGWAY: Differs from M. i. immaculata in
much larger bill, more scantily feathered forehead and loral region, and in having
the white area on anterior portion of wing much broader. Besides, the female has the
chin and sides of head more deeply black and the under parts much more rufous,
nearly uniform deep vandyke brown, with very little if any grayish admixture along
abdominal line. One female from Pavas and one from Primavera, western slope of
Colombian Andes, however, closely approach M. i. immaculata in coloration of
lower parts. Thirty specimens from w. Ecuador and twenty-two from w. Colombia
compared with eighteen of M . i. immaculata. — C. E. H.

270 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Phlogopsis ettisiana (not of SCLATER, 1855) SCLATF.R, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds,
1862, p. 360 (Ecuador).

Range : Pacific slope of western Andes of Ecuador (south to Santa
Rosa) and Colombia, apparently ranging northward to eastern Pan-
ama (Tacarcuna).*

4: Ecuador (Lita 3, Bulun i).
Myrmeciza immaculata zeledoni Ridgway* ZELEDON'S ANTCATCHER.

Myrmeciza zeledoni RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, 1909, p. 74 (Guayabo,

Costa Rica); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 114 (descr.,

synon.; Costa Rica and w. Panama).
Myrmelastes immaculatus zeledoni HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1169

in text (Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Costa Rica; crit.).
Thamnophilus immaculatus SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 189 (part;

Costa Rica, Veragua, Chiriqui).
Myrmelastes immaculatus SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2,

1892, p. 225 (part; Costa Rica, Panama); BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool.

C1M 3, 1902, p. 42 (Volcan de Chiriqui).
Myrmeciza immaculata (err.) CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910, p. 61 8

(Costa Rican localities).

Range : Costa Rica and western Panama.

Myrmeciza lophotes (Hellmayr and Seilern)." CRESTED ANTCATCHER.

Percnostola lophotes HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 12, No. i,
May 1914, p. 90 (Rio San Gaban, Carabaya, n. Puno, se. Peru); HELLMAYR,
Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 105 (same locality).

Range: Southeastern Peru (Rio San Gaban, Amazonian slope of
Sierra de Carabaya, northern Puno).

• Birds from Tacarcuna, Darien, are difficult to place and might, with equally
good reason, be referred to either berlepschi or zeledoni.

b Myrmeciza immaculata zeledoni RIDGWAY is a very unsatisfactory race. In
proportion of bill, scanty feathering on forehead and lores, and coloration of female, it is
practically identical with M. i. berlepschi, but the white patch on anterior portion
of wing is generally less extended, though occupying a much larger area than in
M. i. immaculata. However, even this is far from being an absolutely constant
character, several examples from w. Colombia, notably two males from San Jos6
(Rio Dagua) and Barbacoas respectively, being indistinguishable on this score from
Costa Rican skins. In three males from Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Costa Rica, the
lower mandible is partly yellowish gray, whereas the numerous males from South
America, one from Cachabi, nw. Ecuador excepted, invariably have a uniform
black or blackish brown bill. An adult male from Boquete, Chiriqui, one from Tacar-
cuna and another from Buenavista, Narino, have the apical portion of the mandible
horn brown. I expect that more ample material will prove berlepschi and zeledoni
to be inseparable. In this event the latter term takes precedence as having page
priority.— C. E. H.

0 Myrmeciza lophotes (HELLMAYR and SEILERN) : Male (possibly not quite adult) .
Top of the head and crest bright cinnamon rufous; back cinnamon brown, decidedly
duller and more brownish than the crown, without any trace of a white interscapular

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 271

Genus MYRMODERUS Ridgway.

Myrmoderus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, 1909, p. 70 (type Myiothera

loricata LICHTENSTEIN).
Myrmoderas (emendation) RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 15.

Mynnoderus ferrugineus (P. L. S. Mutter). FERRUGINOUS ANT-
CATCHER.

Turdus ferrugineus P. L. S. MULLER, Natursyst., Suppl., 1776, p. 141 (based on
Daubenton, PI. enl., 560, fig. 2: "Merle 4 cravate, de Cayenne"; type in
Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.; = o" ad.).

Turdus cinnamomeus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., x, (2), 1789, p. 825 (based on Dauben-
ton, PI. enl., 560, fig. 2).

Thamnophilus albicottis VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 3, 1816,
P- 313 ("Guyane" = Cayenne; type in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.;
= 9); PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, livr. 3, 1855, p. 353 (crit.).

Myrmonax cinnamomeus CABANIS, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3,
1848, p. 684 (coastal forests of British Guiana); BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers.
Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 65 ("im nordlichen Brasilien, bei Pard, haufiger in
Guyana").

Myrmeciza cinnamomea SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 249 (Cayenne,
Brit. Guiana); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 427 (Bartica Grove, Camacusa);
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 280 (Cayenne; Berbice, Demerara,
Bartica, Camacusa, Takutu River, Brit. Guiana); SNETHLAGE, Journ.
Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 287 (Cunany, Braz. Guiana).

Myrmecisa cinnamomea PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 87 (Borba, Rio
Madeira).

M yrmeciza ferruginea MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Phil. Paris, (9th
ser.), 8, 1906, p. 36 (Cayenne; notes on types of T. ferrugineus and Th. albi-
collis); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 32 (Obidos); BERLEPSCH, 1. c.,
15, 1908, p. 158 (Ipousin, Rio Approuague); MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris,
14, 1908, p. 13 (Cayenne); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 365 (Borba);

blotch; bend of wing cinnamon rufous; upper wing coverts dull rufescent brown,
each feather with an abruptly defined, light cinnamon rufous apical spot, preceded
by an obsolete, dusky subterminal band; primary coverts uniform blackish; quills
and rectrices blackish brown, exteriorily edged with russet brown, median pair of
rectrices washed all over with russet; lores, cheeks and auriculars dull ashy gray,
the latter tinged with brownish on posterior portion; under surface white, throat
and foreneck clouded with gray; sides of breast largely ashy gray, passing into
pale brownish on flanks; under tail coverts light fulvous, some of them slightly
fringed with whitish; axillars and under wing coverts pale gray, most of the latter
tipped with buff ; quill lining isabella color. Wing (molting) 73; tail (molting) 54;
tars., 30; bill i8K- Female differs by more brownish sides of breast and by lacking the
gray edges on throat and foreneck. Wing 75; tail 60; tars., 30; bill 19.

This species, originally assigned to Percnostola, seems more properly referable
to the genus Myrmeciza. In structural characters and style of coloration it is not
unlike certain members of this group, and in its exceedingly long tarsi it closely
approaches M. fortis, from which it chiefly differs by more densely feathered fore-
head, much more elongated crown feathers, less graduated tail, and by lacking the
bare space behind the eye. — C. E. H.

272 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 291 (Villa Braga, Tapaj6z; Cun-

any; S. Antonio da Cachoeira, R. Jary; Obidos; Rio Jamunda).
Drymophila cinnamomea SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 512 (Villa

Braga).
Drymophila ferruginea JEERING, Cat. F. Braz., x, 1907, p. 219 (Guyana, Borba,

"Pard").

Myrmeciza pelzelni (not of SCLATER) GOELDI, Ibis, 1897, p. 155 (Cunany).
Myrmoderas ferruginea BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, i, 1917, p. 132 (Bartica Grove);

BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, No. 2, 1918, p. 69 (Lely-

dorp, Dutch Guiana).
Myrmoderus ferrugineus CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 61 (numerous

localities in Brit. Guiana).

Range: French, Dutch and British Guiana; northern Brazil, on
the north bank of the Amazon west to Obidos and the Rio Jamunda,
south of the river from the Tapajoz to the lower Rio Madeira (Borba).

Myrmoderus ruficauda (Wied). RUFOUS-TAILED ANTCATCHER.

Myiothera ruficauda WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., (2), 3, 1831, p. 1060 (se. Brazil;

no locality specified, we suggest Rio Doce, Prov. Espirito Santo; descr.

d*. 9).
Drymophila ruficauda LESSON, Rev. Zool., 3, 1840, p. 226 ('TAm6rique meridi-

onale").

Myrmeciza marginata SALVADORI, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., 7, 1864, p. 158 (Bra-
zil; descr. d", 9); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 165, Note*

(crit.).
Myrmeciza ruficauda SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 248 (se. Brazil);

ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 254 (note on Wied's types);

SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 281 (Bahia); JEERING, Cat. F.

Braz., i, 1907, p. 219 (Porto Cachoeiro, Esp. Santo).
Myrmecisa ruficauda PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 87, Note 3 (Bahia).

Range: Coast forests of eastern Brazil, in states of Bahia and
Espirito Santo (Porto Cachoeiro, Rio Doce).a

Myrmoderus loricatus (Lichtenstein). LICHTENSTEIN'S ANTCATCHER.

Myiothera loricata LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., 1823, p. 44 (Bahia,

e. Brazil; descr. d", 9).
Drymophila leucopus SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., 2, No. 6, July 1825, p. 150 (forests

of Pitangua, near Bahia; descr. d", 9).
Myiothera Yarrellii LEADBEATER, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., 16, Part i, 1829, p. 87

(no locality given; descr. 9 )•

• Besides several specimens from Bahia, I have examined a male obtained
by F. Zikan, in December 1913, on the Rio Doce, Espirito Santo, and preserved in
the Museum of the Senckenbergian Natural History Society at Frankfort (Germany).

This scarce species appears to be related to, but quite distinct from M. fer-
ruginea.— C. E. H.

1924- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 273

Myrmonax loricatus BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 64 (Novo
Friburgo, Rio; descr. o", 9); CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 22, 1874, P- 85 (Canta-
gallo, Rio).

Myrmcciza loricata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 248 (Bahia; descr. o",
9); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 282 (Bahia; Novo Friburgo, Rio);
BOUCARD and BERLEPSCH, The Humming Bird, 2, 1892, p. 44 (Porto Real,
Rio) ; JEERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, 1900, p. 158 (Cantagallo, Novo Friburgo);
EULER, 1. c., p. 65 (nest and eggs descr.); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907,
p. 220 (Porto Cachoeiro, Espirito Santo); HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay.,
12, No. 2, 1915, p. 149 (Victoria, Esp. Santo).

Myrmecisa loricata PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 87 (Registo do Sai,
Rio).

Range: Eastern Brazil, from Bahia to Espirito Santo (Porto Cachoe-
iro, Victoria) and Rio de Janeiro (Registo do Sai, Novo Friburgo,
Cantagallo, Porto Real).

*Myrmoderus squamosus (Pelzeln)* PELZELN'S ANTCATCHER.

Myrmecisa squamosa PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 87, 162 (Ypanema
Mattodentro, S. Paulo; type in Vienna Museum examined; descr. c?1).

M yrmcciza squamosa BERLEPSCH and JHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, 1885, p. 151
(Arroio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul; characters); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 281 ("Novo Friburgo, Rio"; Ypanema, S. Paulo) ; JHERING,
Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 1899, p. 245 (Ypiranga, Piquete, Iguapfi, Iporanga,
S. Paulo); idem, 1. c., 4, 1900, p. 250 (eggs descr.); idem, Cat. F. Braz., i,
1907, p. 220 (Piquete, Ypiranga, Alto da Serra, Iguap6, Ubatuba, S. Paulo);
idem, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul para 1900, 1899, p. 130 (Mundo
Novo, Rio Grande do Sul).

Formicivora loricata (not of LICHTENSTEIN) MENETRIES, M6m. Ac. ,Sci. St.
P6tersb., (6th ser.), 3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 490, pi. 4, fig. i (d"), 2 ( 9)
("Rio de Janeiro"1*).

Range : Southeastern Brazil, from State of Sao Paulo (and Rio de
Janeiro?)0 south to Rio Grande do Sul.

2: Brazil (Victoria i, Fazenda Cayoa, Salto Grande, Rio Parana-
panema, State of Sao Paulo i).

*Myrmoderus a tro thorax atrothorax (Boddaert). BLACK-THROATED
ANTCATCHER.

Formicarius atiothorax (typog. error) BODDAERT, Tabl. PI. enl., 1783, p. 44
(based on "L'Alapi, de Cayenne" Daubenton, PI. enl., 701, fig. 2; = <?).

• Most probably only subspecifically distinct from M. loricatus.

b Two males, one female, obtained by Men£tries, which I have examined in
the Paris Museum, appear to be referable to M. squamosus. — C. E. H.

0 Besides MenStries's record for Rio de Janeiro, there is also a male, said to be
from Novo Friburgo (Rio), in the British Museum. I feel extremely doubtful as
to the correctness of either locality. M. squamosus is evidently the southern repre-
sentative of M . loricatus, and it seems altogether unlikely that both should occur
in the vicinity of Rio de Janeiro. Until this point is satisfactorily settled, it seems
wiser to regard them — provisionally — as specifically distinct. — C. E. H.

274 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Turdus Alapi GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, (2), 1789, p. 826 (based on the same).

Formicivora alapi BONAPARTE, Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, 2, 1857, p. 34
(Cayenne).

Cercomacra atrothorax SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 245 (part; Cayenne).

Myrmeciza atrothorax SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 428 (Merum6 Mts., Brit. Guiana);
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 282 (part; spec, a-f, Merumd Mts.;
Oyapoc, Cayenne; Rio Negro); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9,
1902, p. 77 (Munduapo, R. Orinoco; La Union, La Pricion, Nicare, Caura R.,
Venezuela; "Bogota," Colombia) ; BERLEPSCH, 1. c., 15, 1908, p. 158 (Cayenne,
Roche-Marie, French Guiana); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 61, 1913, p. 529
(Varzea of e. Maraj6); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 292 (Soure, e. Mar-
aj6).

Myrmeciza atrothorax atrothorax HELLMAYR, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 53,
i9°3, P- 214, in text (range).

Drymophila atrothorax JHERING, Cat. P. Braz., i, 1907, p. 220 (range).

Myrmoderas atrothorax CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 288
(Munduapo; Caura R., Venezuela); BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 62, 1918, p. 69 (Rijsdijkweg, Surinam).

Myrmoderus atrothorax CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 62 (numerous
localities in Brit. Guiana).

Cercomacra melanura (not of MENETRIES) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 85
(part; Marabitanas, Rio Negro; S. Carlos, R. Cassiquiare, s. Venezuela;
spec, in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Range: French, Dutch and British Guiana; southern Venezuela
(Caura-Orinoco district); northern Brazil (eastern Maraj6; Rio Negro,
from Manaos to Marabitanas) ; eastern Colombia ("Bogota" collections).

i: Brazil (Manaos i).

*Myrmoderus atrothorax melanurus (Menttribs).* SOUTHERN BLACK-
THROATED ANTCATCHER.

Formicivora melanura MENETRIES, M6m. Ac. Sci. St. P6tersb., (6th ser.), 3,
Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 508, pi. 8, fig. i (o*1), 2(9) ("montagnes non loin

• Myrmoderus atrothorax melanurus (MENETR.) : Differs from M. a. atrothorax
by decidedly slenderer bill, by lacking the conspicuous sooty blackish rump (the
latter being olive or light russet brown), and by sooty gray (instead of blackish)
upper tail coverts. Besides, the slate gray on forehead and superciliary region is
more extensive, reaching as far back as the middle of the eye, while the upper parts
are decidedly lighter, less rufous brown. Furthermore, the males have the belly paler,
ashy gray rather than slate gray, while the females have more white on the throat, an
extensive pure white (instead of buff) area on the abdomen, and much paler olive
brown flanks.

Material. M. a. melanura: nine d"d", seven 9 9 Matto Grosso; four d"o*, two
9 9 San Mateo; one o" Guarayos, e. Bolivia. M. a. atrothorax: ten c?d*,four 9 9
French Guiana; one c? Munduapo; two 0*0", two 9 9 Caura River; one o"
"Bogota"; one cf Mandos; one o* Marabitanas, Rio Negro; two cfcf, one 9
San Carlos, Rio Cassiquiare. — C. E. H.

BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 275

de la ville de Queluz, Minas Geraes" [errore!], and Cuyabd, Matto Grosso;
the types in the Petrograd Museum are from Cuyabd; see CHROSTOWSKI,
Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i, 1921, p. 24); REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd.
naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 365 (ex MENETRIES).

Cercomacra melanura PELZELN, Oin. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 85 (part; Villa Maria,
Engenho do Gama, w. Matto Grosso; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Myrmeciza atrothorax melanura HELLMAYR, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 53,
*9°3F P- 213, 214 (characters; "Minas Geraes," Matto Grosso, e. Bolivia);
idem, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 212 (Guarayos).

Drymophila atrothorax melanura JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 220 (range);
LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12, (2), 1920, p. 93 (Matto Grosso).

Cercomacra atrothorax SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 245 (part; Bolivia).

Myrmeciza atrothorax (not of BODDAERT) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 282 (part; spec, i-k, Villa Maria, Chapada, Matto Grosso); ALLEN,
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5, 1893, p. 121 (Chapada, Matto Grosso).

Myotkera alapi (not of GMELIN) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in
Mag. Zool., 7, 1837, cl. 2, p. 14 (Bolivia).

Formicivora alapi D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. mend., Ois., 1838, p. 212 (Yura-
cares, Guarayos, e. Bolivia; descr. tf).

Range: Western Brazil, in State of Matto Grosso (Cuyaba, Cha-
pada, Tapirapoan, Utiarity, Campos Novas, Roosevelt River, Engenho
do Gama, Villa Maria (=San Luis de Caceres)), and eastern Bolivia
(San Mateo, Guarayos).

i : Bolivia (mouth of Rio San Antonio i).

Myrmoderus atrothorax maynanus (Taczanowski) .» PERUVIAN BLACK-
THROATED ANTCATCHER.

Myrmeciza maynana TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 32 (Yurimaguas,
ne. Peru; descr. <?); idem, Orn. Pe>ou, 2, 1884, p. 60 (Yurimaguas); MENE-
GAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (9th ser.), 8, 1906, p. 36
(ne. Peru; characters).

Myrmeciza atrothorax maynana HELLMAYR, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 53,
1903, P- 214 (ne. Peru).

Myrmeciza atrothorax (not of BODDAERT) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 282 (part; spec, g, h, Samiria, Chamicuros, e. Peru).

nge: Northern Peru (Yurimaguas, Chamicuros, Samiria).

• Myrmoderus atrothorax maynanus (TACZ.): Male differs from M. a. atrothorax
by dark slate gray pileum and back, only the lower back being slightly suffused
with brownish olive; the abdomen also is darker slate gray, and the bill somewhat
wider. Wing, 64; tail, 61. Female unknown. — C. E. H.

276 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Myrmoderus griseiceps Chapman.* GRAY-HEADED ANTCATCHER.

Myrmoderus griseiceps CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 86, Aug. 1923, p. 6
(Palambla, west slope of w. Andes, Dept. Piura, nw. Peru).

Range: Subtropical zone of northwestern Peru (Dept. Piura) and
southwestern Ecuador (Celica, Alamor, La Chonta, Prov. Loja).

Myrmoderus pelzelni (Sclater).b GRAY-BELLIED ANTCATCHER.

Myrmeciza pelzelni SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 283 (Marabitanas,
Rio Negro [type]; "Oyapoc, Cayenne"; descr. d\ 9); BERLEPSCH, Nov.
Zool., 15, 1908, p. 158 ("Oyapoc, Cayenne"); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi,
8, 1914, p. 292 (Amazonia, "Guyana").

Drymophila pelzelni JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 220 (Rio Negro;
"Cayenne").

Cercomacra ruficauda (not Myiothera ruficauda WIED) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2,
Sept. 1868, p. 85, 158 (Marabitanas, upper Rio Negro; types in Vienna
Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Northwestern Brazil (Marabitanas, upper Rio Negro).«

• Myrmoderus griseiceps CHAPMAN: Adult female (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
No. 156,220 Alamor, Prov. de Loja, Ecuador, October 3, 1920, Geo. K. Cherrie).
Crown, hindneck and sides of head neutral gray; back and upper tail coverts about
Dresden brown, interscapular feathers extensively white at base, with a subterminal
black band ; bend of wing white; upper wing coverts deep black, the lesser and median
series apically margined with white, the greater series with buff; alula and primary
coverts black, narrowly edged with white at tip; quills dusky, externally margined
with Dresden brown; rectrices slate gray, all but the two central pairs with dis-
tinct white apical margins; sides of head gray; throat grayish white, foreneck and
middle of chest black, terminally edged with dingy gray; abdomen dull fulvous,
inclining to whitish along middle line, more grayish on sides of breast; under wing
coverts and quill lining white. Wing 61; tail 55; bill 17. Male (according to
Chapman) with throat and breast blacker, and abdomen mostly gray.

This species is nearest to M. a. atrothorax, but may be readily distinguished by-
its gray pileum, much lighter back, without any sooty on rump and upper tail
coverts, slate gray rectrices with white apical margins, etc., etc.,— C. E. H.

b Myrmoderus pelzelni (SCLATER) : This very distinct species resembles M . h. hem-
imelaenus in castaneous coloration of back and tail, and russet brown flanks, but
differs by lacking the white interscapular patch and by having the pileum and
hindneck rufous brown like the back (instead of dark slate gray). The male, too,
has the middle of the belly pale slate gray (instead of white), while the apical spots
on the lesser and median upper wing coverts are larger and bright buff, instead of
pure white. The female is quite differently colored underneath, being white, with
irregular, subsquamate sooty blackish markings on foreneck and chest, becoming
evanescent towards the abdomen, strongly washed with russet brown on flanks.
In relative length of tail M. pelzelni occupies an intermediate position between
M. atrothorax and M. hemimelaenus; the bill is more like that of the former,
though slightly more slender. Wing (two cTcf) 58, 62, (two 9 9) 57, 59; tail 45-50;
bill 15-16. Four specimens from Marabitanas examined by C. E. H.

0 The locality "Oyapoc, Cayenne" (ex Madame Verdey of Paris) requires
confirmation.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 277

*Myrmoderus hemimelaenus hemimelaenus (Sclater). WHITE -BELLIED
ANTCATCHER.

Myrmeciza hemimdaena SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, 1857, p. 48 (Bolivia; descr.

o", 9); idem, 1. c.t 26, 1858, p. 249 (Bolivia); SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c.,

1867, p. 750, 757 (Xeberos, n. Peru); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 275 (Xeberos);

TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1882, p. 31 (Huambo, n. Peru; spec, examined by C. E. H.) ;

idem, Orn. Peiou, 2, 1884, p. 59 (part; Xeberos, Huambo); SCLATER, Cat. B.

Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 283 (Bolivia; Huallaga, Chamicuros, e. Peru; Sara-

yacu, e. Ecuador).
Myrmeciza hemimelaena hemimdaena HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 364

(range); idem, 1. c., 28, 1921, p. 208 (Yuracares, Bolivia).
Tamnophilus guttata (not Myrmothera guttata VIEILLOT) LAFRESNAYE and

D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7, 1837, cl. 2, p. 13 (no locality).
Thamnophilus guttatus D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Am6r. merid., Ois., 1838, p. 177

(Yuracares; spec, in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.; descr. c? ad.).

Range: Tropical zone of northern Bolivia (San Mateo, Yuracares,
Rio Espirito Santo, Yungas of Cochabamba) ; southeastern and eastern
Peru (Marcapata, Dept. of Cuzco; Xeberos, Huambo, Dept. Loreto);
according to Sclater also in eastern Ecuador (Sarayacu).'

5: Bolivia (Rio Espirito Santo 5).

Myrmoderus hemimelaenus spodiogaster (Berlepsch and Stolzmann) .b
STOLZMANN'S ANTCATCHER.

Myrmeciza spodiogastra BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ibis, (6th ser.), 6, 1894,
P- 397 (Borgona, Chanchamayo Valley, Dept. Junin; descr. &, 9); idem,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 383 (Borgona).

Myrmeciza hemimelaena (not of SCLATER) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874,
p. 530 (Amable Maria, Dept. Junin; [?] Monterico, Dept. Ayacucho); idem,
Orn. Peiou, 2, 1884, p. 59 (part; Amable Maria; [?] Monterico).

Range: Tropical zone of central Peru, in Dept. Junin (Chancha-
mayo district).

Myrmoderus hemimelaenus pallens (Berlepsch and Hellmayr}.0
EASTERN WHITE-BELLIED ANTCATCHER.

Myrmeciza hemimelaena pattens BERLEPSCH and HELLMAYR, Journ. Ornith., 53,

• No Ecuadorian specimens seen. One male and two females from Huambo,
n. Peru, appear to be indistinguishable from others taken in Bolivia and se. Peru
(Marcapata). Nineteen examples examined. — C. E. H.

b Myrmoderus hemimelaenus spodiogaster (BERL. and STOLZM.): This form,
unknown to the authors, is stated to differ from the typical race by the male having
the middle of the abdomen pale slate gray suffused with black (instead of pure
white), and by the paler ferruginous throat of the female. It appears to be at
best a geographical race with the range restricted to the Chanchamayo region.

• Myrmoderus hemimelaenus pollens (BERL. and HELLM) : Male differs from
M. h. hemimelaenus by paler (cinnamomeous rather than castaneous) coloration of

278 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Jan. 1905, p. 32 (Villa Bella de Matto Grosso, w. Matto Grosso; type in
Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910,
p. 364 (Calama, Jamarysinho, Rio Madeira; Maroins, Rio Machados; crit.),
365 (range); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 293 (Victoria, Ponte
Nova, Forte Amb6, Rio Xingii; Cussary, Tamucury, south bank of lower
Amazon; Santarem, R. Tapaj6z).

Drymophila juruana JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, May 1905, p. 442 (new name
for Formicivora ruficauda PELZELN, preoccupied; Rio Jurua, spec. (9) exam-
ined by C. E. H.).

Drymophila hemimelaena juruana JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 220 (Rio
Jurua).

Formicivora ruficauda (not Myiothera ruficauda WIED) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2,
Sept. 1868, p. 83, 155 (Engenho do Gama, Villa Bella de Matto Grosso,
w. Matto Grosso; descr. cf); HELLMAYR, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 53,
1903, p. 213 (crit.).

Range: Northern and western Brazil, south of the Amazon, from
the Tapaj6z (Santarem) west to the rivers Madeira and Jurua, south
to western Matto Grosso (Rio Guapore").

Genus FORMICARIUS Boddaert.

Formicarius BODDAERT, Tabl. PI. enl., 1783, p. 43, 44, 50 (type by subs, desig.,
Gray, 1840, p. 26, Formicarius cayanensis BODDAERT = Formicarius col ma
BODDAERT).

Myiothera ILLIGER, Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Av., 1811, p. 218 (type by subs, desig.,
SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., i, 1824, p. 302, Turdus Colma GMELIN = Formi-
carius colma BODDAERT).

Myocincla SWAINSON, Classif. Birds, 2, July 1837, p. 230 (type by monotypy,
M. colma).

Formicarius ruficeps ruficeps (Spix). CHESTNUT-CAPPED ANTTHRUSH.

Myolhkra ruficeps SPIX, Av. Bras., i, 1824, p. 72, pi. 72, fig. i (no locality given,
we suggest Prov. Rio de Janeiro, se. Brazil; type in Munich Museum exam-
ined by C. E. H.).

Myioturdus tetema (not Myrmothera tetema VIEILLOT) WIED, Beitr. Naturg.
Bras., 3, (2), 1831, p. 1038 (Mucuri, n. Espirito Santo); MENETRIES, Me'm.
Ac. Sci. St. PStersb., (6th ser.), 3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 466 (Rio de
Janeiro and "Minas Geraes").

Myiothera tetema BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 46 (Novo
Friburgo).

back and wings, clearer cinnamon rufous tail, much lighter fulvescent flanks, by
the black below being restricted to throat and fpreneck, and the white abdominal
area consequently much more extensive; female distinguished by much paler, ochra-
ceous instead of ferruginous throat, nearly pure white (not ochreous buff) middle
of the belly, and much lighter upper parts. Wing (eleven cTcf) 56-58, (five 9 91
53-56; tail 34-39; bill 14-15. — C. E. H.

IQ24- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 279

Formicarius ruficeps PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 90 (part; spec, collected
by Kammerlacher [in Bahia] and Beske [at Novo Friburgo], examined by
C. E. H.), 168 (synon., characters); HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak.
Wiss., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 619, 620 (crit. on type); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i,
i9°7» P- 224 (Ubatuba, S. Paulo; Rio Doce, Esp. Santo).

Formicarius ruficepes (sic) LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12, (2), 1920, p. 99 (Ilheos-
Belmonte, s. Bahia).

Myrmornis ruficeps CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 22, 1874, P- 85 (Cantagallo; char-
acters).

Formicarius cayanensis (not of BODDAERT) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p.
277 (part; descr. et hab., se. Brazil); RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 16,
Nov. 1893, p. 670 (Bahia, Sao Paulo, se. Brazil).

Formicarius cayennensis SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 74 (part; descr. et
hab., se Brazil).

Formicarius colma (not of BODDAERT) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 302 (Sao Paulo, Bahia, se. Brazil); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 1899,
p. 245 (Iguape1, S. Paulo); idem, 1. c., 4, 1900, p. 158 (Cantagallo, Novo
Friburgo).

Range: Coast region of southeastern Brazil, from southern Bahia
(Caravellas, Ilhebs, Belmonte) through Espirito Santo and Rio to Sao
Paulo (Iguape, Sao Sebastiao, Ubatuba) and Santa Catharina (Ilha de
Santa Catharina).*

*Formicarius ruficeps amazonicus Hellniayr.b AMAZONIAN ANTTHRUSH.

Formicarius ruficeps amazonicus HELLMAYR, Ornith. Monatsber., 10, March
1902, p. 34 (Borba, Rio Madeira [type]; Para; [Villa Bella de] Matto Grosso,
w. Matto Grosso); idem, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905, p. 292 (Igarap6-Assu, Pard);
SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 287 (Pard); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool.,
14, 1907, p. 390 (Borba, Rio Madeira); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 369 (Borba);
idem, Abhdl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 50 (Peixe-
Boi, Ipitinga), 93 (Pard localities); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914,
P- 315 (Pard, Benevides, Sta. Isabel; Cametd, Alcobaca, Arumatheua, R. To-
cantins; Bocca do Curud, Rio Iriri; Boim, Pinhel, Villa Braga, Pimental,
R. Tapaj6z; Tucunar6, Rio Jamauchim).

Formicarius ruficeps (not of SPIX) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 90 (part;
Pard, Borba, City of Matto Grosso, w. Matto Grosso); HELLMAYR, Nov.
Zool., 13, 1906, p. 373 (S. Antonio do Prata, Pard); SNETHLAGE, Journ.
Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 533 (Alcobaca, Rio Tocantins).

• Material examined by C. E. H.: Four from Bahia; two cTcf, one 9 Sao
SebastiSo; one d", one 9 Ubatuba; one d" Iguape, Sao Paulo; one Novo Friburgo,
Rio; one 9 Ilha de Santa Catharina.

b Formicarius ruficeps amazonicus HELLMAYR: Similar to F. r. ruficeps, but
smaller, tail particularly so; rufous of head deeper, and upper parts brownish (instead
of greenish) olive. Wing (13 specimens) 82-87; tail 47-52 (against 84-90, resp. 52-57
in F. r. ruficeps).— C. E. H.

280 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from Maranhao
west to the Rio Madeira (right bank), southwards to western Matto
Grosso (Villa Bella, Rio Guapor6).

i: Brazil (Tury-assu, Maranhao).

Formicarius ruficeps orinocensis Todd.* CAURA RIVER ANTTHRUSH.

Formicarius ruficeps orinocensis TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 33, Dec. 1920,

p. 73 (La Lajita, Rio Caura, Venezuela).
Formicarius ruficeps (not of SPIX) CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2,

1916, p. 292 (La Union, Caura R.).

Range: Eastern Venezuela (Caura Valley).

*Formicarius colma colma Boddaert. GUIANAN ANTTHRUSH.

Formicarius Colma BODDAERT, Tabl. PL enl., 1783, p. 44 (based on "Le Colma,
de Cayenne" Daubenton, PL enl., 703, fig. i; =juv.).

Formicarius cayanensis BODDAERT, Tabl. PL enl., 1783, p. 50 (based on "Le
Tetema, de Cayenne" Daubenton, PL enl., 821; =adult).

Myrmothera tetema VIEILLOT, Tabl. enc. m6th., Ornith., 2, livr. 91, 1822, p. 683
(based on Daubenton, PL enl. 821).

Formicarius nigrifrons glaucopectus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 16, Nov. 1893,
p. 673 (British Guiana).

Formicarius tamiesoni PENARD and PENARD, Vogels Guyana, 2, 1910, p. 335
(Demerara, Brit. Guiana; =juv.).

Myiothera colma SCHOMBURGK, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 2, 1848, p. 287 (Valley of the
Muyang, near Yawangra, tributary of the Zuruma, n. Brazil); CAB AMIS,
ibid., 3, 1848, p. 686 (Brit. Guiana).

Formicarius cayanensis PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 90,168 (characters;
descr. of 9 ad. and juv.; part, Rio Branco, Barra do Rio Negro = Manaos).

Formicarius nigrifrons (not of GOULD) SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 429 (Bartica Grove,
Camacusa); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 303 (part; spec, a-j,
Oyapoc, Cayenne, Bartica, Camacusa, Demerara, Brit. Guiana; spec, exam-
ined by C. E. H.); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. ZooL, 9, 1902, p. 80
(part; Suapure, La Pricion, Nicare, Caura River, Venezuela).

Formicarius colma HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, 1906,
p. 620 (part.: Cayenne, Guiana); BERLEPSCH, Nov. ZooL, 15, 1908, p. 163
(Ipousin, Rio Approuague, Roche-Marie, Oyapoc, Cayenne, French Guiana) ;
SKETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 315 (part; S. Antonio da Cachoeira,
Rio Jary, Obidos); CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 74 (Brit. Guiana;
notes on 9 )•

• Formicarius ruficeps orinocensis TODD: "Similar to F. r. amazonicus, but
decidedly more brownish (nearest raw umber), less olivaceous above; pileum obvi-
ously darker (chestnut instead of Sanford's brown) with lateral margin but little
paler; under wing coverts and base of primaries below deeper rusty buff." (TooD,
1. c.) Unknown to the authors.

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 281

Formicarius colma colma CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 292
(part; El Llagual, La Union, Caura R.; notes on 9); BANGS and PENARD,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, 1918, p. 70 (Paramaribo, Surinam).
Range: French, Dutch and British Guiana; eastern Venezuela
(Caura Valley) ; northern Brazil, from the Guianan border south to the
north bank of the Amazon (Rio Jary, Obidos, Mandos)."

2 : British Guiana (Demerara i) ; Brazil (Serra da Lua, near Boavista,
Rio Branco i).

Formicarius colma nigrifrons Gould* PERUVIAN ANTTHRUSH.

Formicarius nigrifrons GOULD, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2d ser.), 15, 1855, p. 344
(Chamicuros, e. Peru; type in Brit. Mus. examined by C. E. H.); idem,
P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 68 (reprint); SCLATER, 1. c., p. 145 (Bogota) ; idem,
1. c., 26, 1858, p. 68 (Rio Napo), 277 (Bogota; Chamicuros; descr.) ; SALVIN, 1. c.,
1866, p. 74 (e. Peru; New Granada); SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1873, p. 277
(Chamicuros); TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1882, p. 32 (Yurimaguas) ; idem, Orn.
P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 77 (part; Chamicuros, Yurimaguas, e. Peru; Sarayacu,
e. Ecuador; excl. Oyapoc, Cayenne); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 303 (part; spec, k-p, Bogota; Sarayacu, e. Ecuador; Chamicuros; spec,
examined by C. E. H.); RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 16, 1893, p. 672 (Rio
Napo; descr.); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 80 (part;
Nericagua, R. Orinoco).

Formicarius colma nigrifrons SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, 17 (Bom
Lugar, Ponto Alegre, R. Punis); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
36, 1917, p. 388 (La Morelia, Florencia, R. Caqueta, se. Colombia).

Formicarius cayanensis (not of BODDAERT) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 90,
1 68 (part; Marabi tanas, upper Rio Negro).

Formicarius colma (not of BODDAERT) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 73
(Tefffi, Rio Solimoes), 390 (Humaytha, Rio Madeira); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910,
p. 368 (Calama; Maroins, Rio Machados); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi,
8, 1914, p. 315 (part; Bom Lugar, Rio Purus).

Formicarius colma colma CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 292
(part; Nericagua, R. Orinoco; nest and eggs descr.).

Range: Upper Amazonia, from the east Andean slope of Colombia
("Bogota"; La Morelia, Florencia, Rio Caquetd; Cuembi, Rio Putu-

• With eleven specimens from British Guiana (glaucopectus) and seven from
French Guiana (colma) before me, I fail to see any difference between the two, nor
am I able to separate two Brazilian skins (one each from Mandos and the Rio
Branco) and three from e. Venezuela (Caura River). In opposition to F. ruficeps
which always has a black throat in the female as well as in the male sex, the
female of colma appears to be dimorphic, some having a white, others a black
throat.— C. E. H.

b Formicarius colma nigrifrons GOULD : Very close to F. c. colma, but bill decidedly
smaller; black of throat and foreneck deeper and usually well extended over the
chest; abdomen darker; basal portion of tail more deeply brown, with the blackish
terminal zone more pronounced.

Though not strongly marked, this form is in most cases separable, at least by
one or several of the above characters. Single examples are not always identifiable
with certainty.— C. E. H.

282 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

mayo) and the upper stretches of the Orinoco (Nericagua, north of
San Fernando de Atabapo) through eastern Ecuador (Sarayacu, Rio
Napo) and northwestern Brazil (Marabitanas, on the upper Rio
Negro) south to eastern Peru (Yurimaguas, Chamicuros, Dept. Loreto;
Chuchurras, Dept. Huanuco) and western Brazil (Rio Solimoes; Rio
Purtis), east to the right bank of the Rio Madeira (Calama; Rio
Machados).'

*Formicarius analis analis (Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny). RUFOUS-
VENTED ANTTHRUSH.

Myothera analis LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7,
1837, cl. 2, p. 14 (Yuracares and Chiquitos, Bolivia); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage
Amer. m6rid., Ois., 1838, p, 191, pi. 6 bis, fig. i (same localities; type no
longer in Paris Museum).

Myiothera analis HARTLAUB, Journ. Ornith., 2, 1854, p. 259 (Pard).

Formicarius analis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 277 (part; Bolivia, Para);
SALVIN, 1. c., 1866, p. 74 (part; Bolivia); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 90
(Salto do Girao, Borba, Rio Madeira); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1867, p. 751 (Xeberos, Chyavetas); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 277 (same localities) ;
TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1882, p. 32 (Huambo); idem, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 78
(Peruvian localities); BERLEPSCH, Journ. Ornith., 37, 1889, p. 305 (Shanusi,
near Yurimaguas, Peru); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 98
(Yungas, Bolivia); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 304 (part; spec.
k-n, Iquitos, Chyavetas, Sarayacu, e. Peru, examined by C. E. H.); RIDGWAY,
Proc. U. S. Mus., 16, 1893, p. 673 (part; Iquitos, n. Peru; Yungas, Bolivia);
JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 443 (Rio Jurua); idem, Cat. F. Braz.,
*> i9°7. P- 224 (Ri° Jurua); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 17 (Bom
Lugar, R. Purus), 513 (Itaituba, Tapaj6z), 533 (Arumatheua) ; idem, Bol.
Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 315 (Para, Providencia, Benevides, Maguary; Rio
Guama; Rio Acara; Baiao, Arumatheua, R. Tocantins; Itaituba, Tapajdz;
Bom Lugar, Ponto Alegre, R. Purvis). b

Formicarius analis analis HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 614 (Bolivia, e. Peru;
charact.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 73 (Teffe, Rio Solimogs),
391 (Humaytha, Borba, Rio Madeira), 392 (range); 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 369
(Calama, S. Isabel, Rio Madeira); idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr.
Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 50 (Peixe-Boi, Para), 93 (Para localities);
idem, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 211 (Bolivia).

Formicarius crissalis (not of CABANIS) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1867, p. 576 (Para; spec, examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.

• Six adults from the Rio Madeira are identical with the type, another adult
male from Peru (Chuchurras) and seven specimens from e. Ecuador (Sarayacu) and
"Bogota." Five from Marabitanas, Rio Negro, while somewhat intermediate
between colma and nigrifrons, are nearer the latter, to which a single male from
Nericagua, Rio Orinoco, must be referred for geographic reasons. — C. E. H.

b Birds from Monte Alegre, north bank of Amazon (see SNETHLAGE, Journ.
Ornith., SS, 1907, p. 288, s. n. F. crissalis; Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 315, s. n.
F. analis) are more likely to belong to F. analis crissalis (CABANIS). No specimen
is available.— C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 283

Mus., 15, 1890, p. 305 (part; spec, n, Pard); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith.,
55. 19°7> P- 288 (part; Para, Rio Acard, Ourem).

Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from Maranhao
westward to the Solimoes and Purus, south to the upper Rio Madeira:
northern Bolivia (Yuracares, Rio San Mateo) ; eastern Peru, in depts.
Junin (Chanchamayo") and Loreto (Sarayacu, Rio Ucayali; Xeberos,
Chyavetas, Yurimaguas, Huambo; Iquitos, north bank of Rio Mar-
afion).b

2: Brazil (Tury-assu, Maranhao 2).

Formicarius analis crissalis (Cdbanis).* CINNAMON-NECKED ANT-
THRUSH.

Myrmornis crissalis CABAMS,d Journ. Ornith., 9, 1861, p. 96 (Roraima, Brit

Guiana).
Myiothera analis (not of LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) CABANIS in Schomburgk,

Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, 1848, p. 686 (foot of Roraima).

Formicarius analis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 277 (part; Cay-
enne, Roraima).
Formicarius hoffmanni (not of CABANIS) SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 429 (Camacusa,

Brit. Guiana).
Formicarius crissalis SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 75 (part; Cayenne, Guiana)'

SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 305 (part; spec, a, e-m, Cayenne,

Carimang R., Camacusa, Takutu R., Brit. Guiana; examined by C. E. H.);

RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 16, 1893, p. 676 (Carimang R., Brit. Guiana);

BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 163 (Ipousin, Rio Approuague); CHUBB,

Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 75 (Brit. Guiana).
Formicarius analis crissalis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 391 in text

(characters), 392 (range).

Range: French and British Guiana (possibly extending south to
the north bank of the Amazon).

• A female obtained by C. A. Schunke in July, 1904, in the Tring Museum. —
C. E. H.

b Two adults from Iquitos agree very well with a large series from Brazil
(Punis, Rio Madeira), Bolivia, and more southern localities in Peru (Yurimaguas,
Chanchamayo). Four specimens from Pard are apparently not separable either; in
any case, they do not pertain to F. a. crissalis. Twenty-two specimens examined
by C. E. H.

• Formicarius analis crissalis (CABANIS): Differs chiefly from F. a. analis by
much brighter vinous cinnamon auriculars and sides of neck, darker ("mummy
brown" instead of "bistre brown") upper parts, and generally larger bill. Three
from French, six from British Guiana examined by C. E. H.

d An earlier name is probably Myrmothcra fuscicapilla VIEILLOT (Nouv. Diet.
d'Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., 12, 1817, p. 112: no locality). There are, however, several
discrepancies in the description — the upper parts aie said to be "d'un bleu d'ardoise
fonc6" — and the type is not to be found in the Paris Museum. — C. E. H.

284 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Formicarius analis connectens Chapman.* EAST COLOMBIAN ANT-
THRUSH.

Formicarius analis ccnnectens CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 33, March
1914, p. 173 (Villavicencio, e. Colombia); idem, 1. c., 36, 1917, p. 389 (Villa-
vicencio; La Morelia, Rio Caqueta).

Range: Tropical zone of eastern Colombia (Villavicencio; La
Morelia, Rio Caquetd).

Formicarius analis zamorae Chapman* EAST ECUADORIAN ANT-
THRUSH.

Formicarius analis zamorae CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 96, Nov. 1923,
p. 9 (Zamora, e. Ecuador).

Formicarius analis (not of LAFR. and D'ORB.) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858,
p. 68 (Rio Napo); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 304 (part; spec, h-j,
Sarayacu, e. Ecuador, examined by C. E. H.); RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus.,
16, 1893, p. 673 (part; spec, ex Sarayacu, "ne. Peru" = e. Ecuador).

Range: Tropical zone of eastern Ecuador (Zamora, Rio Suno,
Sarayacu, Rio Napo).

*Formicarius analis saturatus Ridgway. RUFOUS-NECKED ANTTHRUSH.

Formicarius saturatus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 16, Nov. 1893, p. 677 (Princes-
town, Trinidad [type]; San Esteban, n. Venezuela; Remedies, Antioquia).

Formicarius analis (not of LAFR. and D'ORB.) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26,
1858, p. 277 (part; Trinidad).

Myrmornis analis CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 7 ("Puerto
Cabello," Venezuela).

Formicarius hoffmanni (not of CABANIS) LEOTAUD, Ois. Trinidad, 1866, p. 187
(Trinidad); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 526 (Remedies,
Antioquia; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Formicarius crissalis (not of CABANIS) SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 75 (part;
Trinidad); SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1869, p. 252 (San Esteban, Venezuela;

• Formicarius analis connectens CHAPMAN: Most nearly related to F, a. saturatus,
but cinnamon at sides of throat wholly absent or but faintly indicated; upper parts
less rufescent, more olivaceous; breast darker, throat patch consequently less
sharply defined; size smaller (wing 86; tail 52; bill 18); from F. a. analis dis-
tinguished by averaging darker below, particularly on the breast, with the black
throat less abruptly denned. This form is unknown to the writers.

b Formicarius analis zamorae CHAPMAN: Similar to specimens of F. a. analis
with little or no cinnamon on sides of neck; but decidedly darker underneath, the
chest dark sooty slate, the sides deep olive gray, the under tail coverts much darker,
chestnut instead of deep tawny; crown darker, with the feathers centrally blackish;
tail more blackish. Wing 89-81; tail 52-53; bill 19. Four specimens from Sara-
yacu, e. Ecuador.

This form, in some respects, approaches the w. Ecuadorian F. nigricapittus
destructus, suggesting conspecific relations to the black headed section, which, how-
ever, has a representative in e. Costa Rica, where a member of the analis group
(umbrosus) also occurs. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 285

spec, examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 305
(part; spec, b-d, Trinidad; Remedies, Antioquia; San Esteban).

Formicarius analis saturatus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 6, 1894,
P- 53 (Trinidad); HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5,
1912, p. 129 (San Esteban Valley, Cumbre de Valencia, Venezuela; crit.);
CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 390 (upper Atrato;
Puerto Valdivia, lower Cauca; Rio Frio; Malena, Puerto Berrio, R. Mag-
dalena, Colombia).

Formicarius hoffmanni saturatus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 33 (Caparo,
Valencia, Aripo, Trinidad); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., I,
No. 8, 1906, p. 192 (Aripo); No. 13, 1908, p. 366 (Aripo, Carenage, Trinidad).

Range: Island of Trinidad; northern Venezuela, along the Carib-
bean coast from Bermudez (Yacua; Los dos Rios, inland of Cumand)
to Carabobo (San Esteban, Cumbre de Valencia), Lara (mountains
near Bucarito, Tocuyo), Tachira (San Cristobal) and southern Zulia
(Orope) ; apparently also in central Colombia (Malena, Puerto Berrio,
Magdalena River; Remedies ; Cauca Valley; (?) upper Atrato). a

4: Trinidad i; Venezuela (Orope 3).

Formicarius analis virescens Todd.b SANTA MARTA ANTTHRUSH.

Formicarius moniliger virescens TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 28, April 1915,

p. 30 (Fundaci6n, Santa Marta district, n. Colombia).
Formicarius analis virescens TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14,

1922, p. 302 (Fundaci6n, Tucurinca).

Range: Tropical zone at western base of Santa Marta Mountains,
northern Colombia.

*Formicarius analis panamensis Ridgway.0 PANAMA ANTTHRUSH.

Formicarius moniliger panamensis RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, 1908,
p. 195 (Lion Hill Station, Panama R. R.); idem, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5,

• A series of some twenty examples from Venezuela (Bermudez; San Esteban,
Cumbre de Valencia; San Cristobal, Tachira) are practically identical with fourteen
topotypes from Trinidad. Two from Grope, Zulia, do not differ either, while a third
from this locality, by its more greenish back, appears to approach F. a. virescens
which, however, we have not had an opportunity of directly comparing. I do not
see any tangible divergency from the characters of saturatus in the few Colombian
specimens (one each from Remedies and the Cauca Valley) examined, although it
may be that they are slightly paler and more grayish underneath, with the crissum
rather deeper, and the white loral spot less developed. The Atrato bird should be
carefully compared with F. a. panamensis. — C. E. H.

b Formicarius analis virescens TODD: Stated to differ from F. a. saturatus by
olivaceous (medal bronze) instead of brownish upper parts; paler and more grayish
belly; lighter under tail coverts; more distinctly cinnamomeous hindneck and sides
of neck; less rufescent tail, with the dusky apical portion averaging more restricted.
Unknown to the authors.

c While closely resembling F. a. saturatus in general coloration, this form is
easily recognizable by its decidedly russet forehead, more or less contrasting with
color of crown. — C. E. H.

286 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

1911, p. 124 (e. Panama); STONE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, 1918, p. 261
(Gatun, Panama).

Formicarius analis (not of LAFR. and D'ORB.) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.,
7, 1862, p. 326 (Lion Hill Station).

Formicarius hoffmanni (not of CABANIS) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1864, p. 357 (Lion Hill); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 304 (part;
Chepo, Panama); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892,
p. 234 (part; Lion Hill, Obispo, Paraiso, Chepo, Panama); RIDGWAY, Proc.
U. S. Mus., 16, 1893, p. 679 (part; Panama); SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll.
Mus. Torino, 14, No. 339, 1899, p. 7 (Laguna del Pita, R. Tuyra, Darien);
BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 2, 1900, p. 24 (Loma del Leon, Panama).

Formicarius analis panamensis BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
65, 1922, p. 207 (Mt. Sap6, Rio Esnap6, Jesusito, Darien).

Range: Eastern Panama (Canal Zone, Darien).
2: Panama i, Colon i.

*Formicarius analis hoffmanni (Cdbanis). HOFFMANN'S ANTTHRUSH.
Myrmornis hoffmanni CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 9, 1861, p. 95 (Costa Rica).

Formicarius hoffmanni LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 9, 1868, p. no (Costa
Rica); SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 75 (part; Costa Rica); idem, 1. c.,
1870, p. 195 (Bugaba, Chiriqui); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 304 (part; Bugaba, Chiriqui); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ.,
Aves 2, 1892, p. 234 (part: Las Trojas, Costa Rica; Bugaba, Chiriqui);
RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 16, 1893, p. 679 (part; spec, from Trojas, near
Cobagre, Buenos Aires, sw. Costa Rica and Bugaba, Chiriqui); CARRIKER,
Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910, p. 623 (sw. Costa Rica, up to 1,500 feet; habits).

Formicarius hoffmanni hoffmanni BANGS, Auk, 24, 1907, p. 298 (Boruca, Paso
Real, Pozo del Rio Grande, Lagarto, Barranca, sw. Costa Rica).

Formicarius umbrosus (not of RIDGWAY) BANGS, Auk, 18, 1901, p. 366 (Divala,
Chiriqui).

Formicarius moniliger hoffmanni RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5,1911,
p. 123 (sw. Costa Rica and w. Panama).

Range: Pacific coast region of southwestern Costa Rica, from the
Rio Grande de Tarcoles southward, and western Panama (Bugaba,
Divala, Chiriqui).

2 : Costa Rica (Pozo del Pital, Rio Naranjo i), Panama (Chiriqui i).

*Formicarius analis umbrosus Ridgway. NICARAGUAN ANTTHRUSH.

Formicarius umbrosus RIDGWAY, Proc. II. S. Mus., 16, Nov. 1893, p. 681 (Tala-
manca, Costa Rica); UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, p. 441 (Volcan de Miravelles,
Costa Rica; habits); CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910, p. 624 (Carib-
bean lowlands, and Pacific lowlands of nw. Costa Rica, up to 1200 feet;
habits, nest and egg descr.).

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 287

Formicarius ho/manni (not of CABANIS) BOUCARD, P. Z. S. Lond., 1878, p. 62
(San Carlos, Costa Rica); ZELEDON, Proc. U. S. Mus., 8, 1885, p. 108 (Costa
Rica); SALViNand GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 234 (part;
Los Sabalos, Nicaragua; San Carlos, Jimenez, Pacuare, Costa Rica); RICH-
MOND, Proc. U. S. Mus., 16, 1893, p. 502 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua).

Pormicarius ho/mani NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Mus., 6, 1883, p. 405 (Los Sabalos,
Nicaragua).

Formicarius monUiger umbrosus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911,
p. 122 (Costa Rica, and Nicaragua).

Range: Caribbean lowlands and the Pacific lowlands of the north-
western portion of Costa Rica, from the Gulf of Nicoya northwards,
and Nicaragua.

6 : Nicaragua (San Emilis, Lake Nicaragua 3) ; Costa Rica (Siguirres
2, Orosi i).

Formicarius analis intermedius Ridgway. INTERMEDIATE ANTTHRUSH.

Formicarius monUiger intermedius RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, Oct.
1908, p. 194 (near Manatee Lagoon, British Honduras); idem, Bull. U. S.
Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 121 (British Honduras).

Formicarius monUiger (not of SCLATER, 1856) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 303 (part; spec, e, f, British Honduras); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol.
Centr.-Ameiic., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 233 (part; Cayo, Brit. Honduras); RIDG-
WAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 16, 1893, p. 683 (part; Brit. Honduras).

Formicarius monileger (sic) LANTZ, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. for 1896-97, publ.
1899, p. 221 (Cayo).

Range: British Honduras (near Manatee Lagoon, Manatee River,
Toledo district, Cayo).

x

Formicarius analis pallidus (Lawrence). YUCATAN ANTTHRUSH.

Furnarius pallidus LAWRENCE, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 2, May 1882, p. 288 (Yuca-
tan).

Formicarius pallidus BOUCARD, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 450 (Titzimin, Yuca-
tan; crit.); RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 16, 1893, p. 684 (Yucatan).

Formicarius monUiger pallidus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911,
p. 121 (Yucatan).

Formicarius monUiger (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
P- 303 (part; spec, c, d, Titzimin); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ.,
Aves, 2, 1892, p. 233 (part; Titzimin).

Range: Northern Yucatan (Titzimin).

*Fonnicarius analis moniliger Sclater. MEXICAN ANTTHRUSH.

Formicarius moniliger SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, "1856," publ. Jan. 1857,
p. 294 (Cordova, Vera Cruz, Mexico); idem, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 278 (part; Vera

288 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Cruz); idem, 1. c., 1859, p. 383 (Playa Vicente, Vera Cruz); SALVIN, Ibis,
1861, p. 353 (Chisec, Guatemala); SUMICHRAST, Mem. Boston Soc. Nat.
Hist., i, 1869, p. 556 (Vera Cruz; habits); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 303 (part; Cordoba, Oaxaca, Mexico; sources of Rio de la Pasion,
Choctum, Vera Paz, Guatemala); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ.,
Aves, 2, 1892, p. 233 (part; Mexico, Guatemala); RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S.
Mus., 16, 1893, p. 683 (part; Vera Cruz; Guatemala).

Formicarius moniliger moniliger RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911,
p. 119 (se. Mexico and Guatemala).

Range: Southeastern Mexico, in states of Vera Cruz, Oaxaca and
Tabasco, and Guatemala.

i: Guatemala.

*Formicarius nigricapillus nigricapillus Ridgivay-* BLACK-HEADED
ANTTHRUSH.

Formicarius nigricapillus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 16, Nov. 1893, p. 675
(Buena Vista, Costa Rica); CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910, p. 623
(Carrillo, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Cerro de Santa Maria, Costa Rica).

Formicarius analis nigricapillus HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 614 (Cari-
blanco de Sarapiqui, Costa Rica; crit.); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50,
Part 5, 1911, p. 118 (Costa Rica; Santiago de Veragua).

Formicarius analis (not of LAFR. and D'ORB.) SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866,
p. 74 (part; Costa Rica, Veragua); idem, 1. c., 1867, p. 145 (Santiago de
Veragua) ; LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 9, 1868, p. 1 10 (Costa Rica; crit.) ;
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 304 (part; spec, a-c, Tucurriqui,
Costa Rica; Veragua); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centi.-Americ., Aves, 2,
1892, p. 235 (part; Tucurriqui, Costa Rica; Santiago de Veragua).

Range: Costa Rica (Tucuniqui, Carrillo, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui,
Cerro de Santa Maria, Buena Vista, Limon) and western Panama
(Santiago de Veragua).

2: Costa Rica (Cariblanco de Sarapiqui i, Limon i).

*Formicarius nigricapillus destructus Hartert.b SOUTHERN BLACK-
HEADED ANTTHRUSH.

Formicarius analis destructus HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 493 (Paramba,
Prov. Esmeraldas, nw. Ecuador; type in Tring Museum examined by C. E. H.) ;

• Formicarius nigricapillus (and its southern representative) appears to be spe-
cifically distinct from the F. analis group, as pointed out by F. M. Chapman. On
the Caribbean slopes of Costa Rica it occurs along with F. analis umbrosus RIDGW.,
although there is still the possibility of the two being zonal representatives.

b Formicarius nigricapillus destructus HART.: Similar to F. n. nigricapillus,
but bill decidedly smaller and shorter, and upper parts duller, bistre brown rather
than castaneous. Wing 84-92; tail 52-58; bill 21-24. Fifteen specimens from
nw. Ecuador, two from w. Ecuador and four from N6vita, w. Colombia, compared
with nine from- Costa Rica. — C. E. H.

BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 289

idem, 1. c., 9, 1902, p. 614 (nw. Ecuador; crit., egg descr.); HELLMAYR,

P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1173 (NoVita, w. Colombia).
Formicarius destructus SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362,

1899, p. 32 (Rio Peripa, w. Ecuador).
Formicarius analis (not of LAFR. and D'ORB.) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860,

p. 294 (Esmeraldas) ; SAL VIM, 1. c., 1866, p. 74 (part; Ecuador); TACZANOW-

SKI and BERLEPSCH, 1. c., 1885, p. 118 (Esmeraldas); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.

Mus., 15, 1890, p. 304 (part; spec, d-g, Esmeraldas, Balzar, Santa Rita,

w. Ecuador; spec, examined by C. E. H.).
Formicarius nigricapillus (not of RIDGWAY) RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 16,

1893, p. 675 (part; Santa Rita, w. Ecuador).
Formicarius nigricapillus destructus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,

36, 1917, p. 339 (San Jos6, w. Colombia; crit.).

Range : Tropical zone of western Colombia, (N6vita, San Jose*) and
western Ecuador, from sea level up to 3,500 feet.

7: Ecuador (Prov. Esmeraldas 6), Colombia (N6vita i).

Formicarius rufipectus rufipectus Solvin. CHESTNUT-BREASTED ANT-
THRUSH.

Formicarius rufipeclus SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866 p. 73, pi. 8 (Santiago de
Veragua); idem, 1. c., 1867, p. 145 (same locality); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 306 (part; Veragua); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-
Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 235 (part; Veragua); RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus.,
16, 1893, p. 685 (part; Veragua); CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910,
p. 625 (part; Juan Vinas, Costa Rica); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50,
Parts, 191 1» P- I25 (part; Juan Vinas; Costa Rica; Santiago de Veragua,
w. Panama).

Formicarius castaneiceps CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 4, 1908, p. 301 (Juan
Vinas, Costa Rica).

Range: Costa Rica (Juan Vinas) and western Panama (Santiago de
Veragua; Chitra, Volcan de Chiriqui).

*Fonnicarius rufipectus carrikeri Chapman.* SOUTHERN CHESTNUT-
BREASTED ANTTHRUSH.

Formicarius rufipectus carrikeri CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,3i,July
1912, p. 146 (San Antonio, w. Andes, Colombia); idem, 1. c., 36, 1917, p. 390
(La Frijolera, lower Cauca; Salencio (N6vita Trail), San Antonio, Andes
west of Popayan, w. Andes; Salento, Miraflores, c. Andes, Colombia).

Formicarius rufipectus (not of SALVIN) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 306 (part; "Baiza" = Baeza, e. Ecuador, locality no doubt erroneous);
SALVADORI and FESTA, Bol. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899, p. 33 (Gualea,

• Formicarius rufipectus carrikeri CHAPMAN: Differs from F. r. rufipectus by
more slaty (grayish) olive upper parts; lighter orange rufous breast; paler, more
ochraceous middle of the belly, and more grayish olivaceous sides. Wing (o") 99,
( 9) 94; tail 63, 59; bill 20, 2i#. Six specimens examined by C. E. H».

2go FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

w. Ecuador); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philora. Paris, (gth ser.),
8, 1906, p. 52 (Oyacachi, trail from Esmeraldas to Pachijal, w. Ecuador);
BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, 1908, p. 157 (San Antonio, w. Colombia);
CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910, p. 625 (part; descr. 9, Rio Cali);
MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. g£ogr. Mes. Arc M6rid. Equ., 9, 1911, p B, 36
(Oyacachi, trail Esmeraldas- Pachijal) ; HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911,
p. 1174 (Pueblo Rico, sources ofTlio San Juan, w. Colombia); RIDGWAY,
Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 125 (part; descr. 9, San Antonio).

Range: Subtropical zone of western Ecuador (Gualea, Oyacachi,
trail from Esmeraldas to Pachijal) and western and central Andes of
Colombia.

i: Colombia (Las Lomitas i).

Formicarius rufipectus thoracicus Taczanowski and Berlepsch.* EAST-
ERN CHESTNUT-BREASTED ANTTHRUSH.

Formicarius thoracicus TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885,
p. 101 (Machay, e. Ecuador; one of the types examined by C. E. H.); RIDG-
WAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 16, 1893, p. 685 (ex TACZ. and BERLEPSCH); SALVA-
DORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899, p. 33 (San Jose,
e. Ecuador; crit.); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris,
(9th ser.), 8, 1906, p. 53 (e. Ecuador; crit.); BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN,
Ornis, 13, 1906, p. 118 (Huaynapata, Marcapata, se. Peru).

Formicarius rufipectus thoracicus HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1175 in
text (crit.).

Range: Subtropical zone of eastern Ecuador (Machay) and south-
eastern Peru (Huaynapata, Marcapata Valley, Dept. Cuzco).

Genus CHAMAEZA Vigors.

Chamaeza VIGORS, Zool. Journ., 2, No. 7, Oct. 1825, p. 395 (type by monotypy,
Chamaeza meruloides VIGORS = Turdus brevicaudus VIEILLOT).

Chamaezosa CABANIS, Archiv Naturg., 13, (i), 1847, p. 218 (emendation).

*Chamaeza brevicauda brevicauda ( Vieillof). SHORT-TAILED ANT-
THRUSH.

Turdus brevicaudus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 20, 1818,
p. 239 ("Bresil," coll. Delalande, Jr., the types, examined in Paris Museum
by C. E. H., are from Rio de Janeiro).

a Formicarius rufipectus thoracicus TACZ. and BERL.: This well characterized
form is immediately recognizable by having the whole top of the head and hindneck
deep black instead of chestnut, besides several minor distinctions. I have examined
one of the original examples from Machay and an adult male from Huaynapata,
Peru, both in the Berlepsch Collection.— C. E. H.

BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 291

Myiothera campanisona LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., 1823, p. 43
(Sao Paulo).

Chamaeza mervloides VIGORS, Zcol. Journ., 2, No. 7, Oct. 1825, p. 395, note
(Brazil) ; JARDINE and SELBY, Illustr. Ornith., i, Part i, 1826, pi. n (figure of
type, stated to have been obtained by Dr. Such in the "Brazils").

Myioturdtis marginatus WIED, Beitr. Natuig. Bras., 3, (2), 1831, p. 1035 (Arrayal
daConquista, s. Bahia); MENETRIES, Mem. Ac. Sci. St. PStersb., (6th ser.),
3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 465, pi. i (Rio de Janeiro).

Myiothera strigilata (Cuvier Ms.) PUCHERAN, Aich. Mus. Paris, 7, livr. 3, 1855,
P- 335 ("Br6sil," coll. Delalande, Jr.; the same specimens that also served
as types of Turdus brevicaudus VIEILLOT).

Chamaezosa marginata BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 47 (Bahia,
Rio de Janeiro).

Chamaeza tshororo BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., 1901, p. 148 (Alto Parana,
e. Paraguay).'

Chamaeza brevicauda SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 278 (se. Brazil);
PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 91 (Rio de Janeiro; Mattodentro, Ypanema,
S. Paulo; Curytiba, Parana); idem, Nunquam otios., 2, 1874, p. 291 (Novo
Friburgo) ; BERLEPSCH and JHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, 1885, p. 151 (Taquara,
Arroio Grande, Linha Piiaja, Rio Grande do Sul); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 255 (Wied's types); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 307 (se. Brazil); JEERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 1899, p. 246 (Ipor-
anga, Sao Paulo); idem, 1. c., 4, 1900, p. 158 (Cantagallo, Novo Friburgo),
250 (Iguape', egg descr.) ; idem, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul para 1900,
1899, p. 131 (Mundo Novo, Pedras Brancas, Rio Grande do Sul); idem, Cat.
F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 225 (Alto da Serra, S. Paulo, Ilha de Sao Sebastiao,
Ubatuba, Itapuia, Iporanga, Bauni, S. Paulo; Ourinho, Parana; Novo Ham-
burgo, Rio Grande do Sul) ; CHROSTOWSKI, Compt. Rend. Soc. Sci. Varsovie,
5, 1912, p. 478, 496 (Vera Guarany, Parana); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac.
Buenos Aires, 18, 1910, p. 285 (Alto Parana), 429 (Santa Ana, Misiones);
idem, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, 1914, p. 328 (Misiones).

Chamaeza brevicauda brevicauda MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom.
Paris, (9th ser.), 8, 1906, p. 53 (types; Rio, Serra d'Estrella; crit.); HELLMAYR,
Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 12, No. 2, 1915, p. 150 (Victoria, Esp. Santo; Serra
do Mirador, Santa Catharina).

Chamaesa brevicauda CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 522 (Sapucay, Paraguay).
Chamaezosa brevicauda CABANIS, Journ. Oinith., 22, 1874, p. 85 (Cantagallo).
Chamaeza brevicauda tshororo BERTONI, Faun. Parag., 1914, p. 51 (Alto Parana).

GraUaria campanisona REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870,
p. 362 (Sumidouro, Prov. Rio).

• Bertoni (p. 203) also tentatively proposes the name Nocedae foi Azara's No. 333,
which appears referable to C. b. brevicauda, and states, in a later communication
(Faun. Parag., 1914, p. 51, footnote 2), that C. nocedae BERT, differs from
C. b. tshororo by having dark central spots on the abdomen. This I find to be an
exceedingly variable character in a series from Brazil. — C. E. H.

292 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Range: Forest region of southeastern Brazil, from southern Bahia
(Cidade da Conquista) to Rio Grande do Sul; Paraguay (Sapucay,
Alto Parana^, and northeastern Argentina (Misiones).*

2: Argentina (San Ignazio, Misiones i), Brazil (Rio i).

Chamaeza brevicauda venezuelana Menegaux and Hellmayr.h VEN-
EZUELAN SHORT-TAILED ANTTHRUSH.

Chamaeza brevicauda venezuelana MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom.
Paris, (9th ser.), 8, 1906, p. 54 (Caracas, n. Venezuela); HELLMAYR and
SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, 1912, p. 130 (Cumbie de Valencia,
Las Quiguas), 131 (range).

ChamaezaolivaceafaototTscHUDi) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 279 (part;
descr. et hab. Caracas, Venezuela); SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1868, p. 168
(Caracas, spec, examined by C. E. H.) idem, 1. c., 1875, p. 237 (San Cristobal,
Tachira; spec, examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
P- 3°7 (pait; spec, b, c, Caracas, S. Cristobal, Venezuela).

Range: Mountain ranges of northern Venezuela, in Dept. Federal
Occidental (Caracas, Cerro del Avila), and in states of Carabobo (Las
Quiguas, Cumbre de Valencia) and Tachira (San Cristobal).

Chamaeza brevicauda boliviana Hellmayr and Seilern.0 BOLIVIAN
SHORT-TAILED ANTTHRUSH.

Chamaeza brevicauda boliviana HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A,
Heft 5, 1912, p. 131 (Quebrada onda, Yungas of Cochabamba [type]; Omeja,
Tilotilo, Yungas of La Paz, Bolivia).

Chamaeza olivacea (not of TSCHUDI) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879,
p. 625 (Tilotilo); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 307 (part; spec, a,
Tilctilo, Bolivia).

Range: Northern Bolivia (Yungas of La Paz and Cochabamba).

• I am unable to distinguish a single Paraguayan specimen from typical brevi-
cauda, of which more than twenty skins covering the range from Espirito Santo to Rio
Grande do Sul have been examined. A single bird from Bahia, however, may be dif-
ferent, having a darker bill, nearly plain buffy white throat, and more deeply buff
under parts. — C. E. H.

b Chamaeza brevicauda venezuelana M£NEG. and HELLM.: Much like C. b. brevi-
cauda, especially in all the rectrices having a broad black subterminal band and a
distinct white or buff apical margin; but chest and under tail coverts without any,
or with very little buff tinge; size smaller. Nine specimens examined. Wing of males
94, 95i 98 (Caracas), 96, 96 (Cumbre de Valencia), 99 (San Cristobal, Tachira);
females 90 (Caracas), 93, 94 (Cumbre de Valencia); tail (d*) 60-62, (9) 55-59; bill
19-21. — C. E. H.

c Chamaeza brevicauda boliviana HELLM. and SEIL. : Differs from C. b. brevicauda
and C. b. venezuelana, which it resembles in the decidedly olivaceous upperparts.by
lacking the black subterminal band on the median rectrices (occasionally suggested
by a small subapical shaft spot), and by its darker, more blackish bill. Wing (7 speci-
mens) 93-97; tail 63-66; bill 20-22. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 293

Chamaeza brevicauda columbiana Berlepsch and Stolzmann.* COL-
OMBIAN SHORT-TAILED ANTTHRUSH.

Chamaeza columbiana BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 385

("Bogota"; type in Berlepsch Collection examined by C. E. H.).
Chamaeza marginata (not of WIED) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 145

(Bogota).
Chamaeza olivacea (not of TSCHUDI) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 279 (part;

Bogota); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 307 (part; spec, f-g, Bogota).
Chamaeza bogotensis (lapsu) MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom.

Paris, (9th ser.), 8, 1906, p. 55 in text (Bogota).
Chamaeza brevicauda bogotensis HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78,

A, Heft 5, 1912, p. 130, 132 (Bogota).
Chamaeza brevicauda columbiana CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,

i9!7» P- 391 (Buena Vista, above Villavicencio, e. Colombia).

Range: Tropical zone of eastern slope of eastern Andes of Col-
ombia (Buena Vista, above Villavicencio).

Chamaeza brevicauda fulvescens Sdlvin and Godman.b GUIANAN
SHORT-TAILED ANTTHRUSH.

Chamaeza fulvescens SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, (4th ser.), 6, 1882, p. 79 (Merumfi
Mts., Brit. Guiana); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 429 (Merum6 Mts., "Camacusa,"
Roraima); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 308 (Merumd Mts.,
Roraima); CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 78, pi. i, fig. 2 (same
localities).

Chamaeza brevicauda fulvescens HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Natuig., 78,
A, Heft 5, 1912, p. 132 (Brit. Guiana).

Range : Mountain ranges of British Guiana.

Chamaeza brevicauda olivacea Tschudi." PERUVIAN SHORT-TAILED

ANTTHRUSH.

Chamaeza olivacea TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10, (i), 1844, p. 279 (Peru); idem,
Faun. Peru., Aves, 1846, p. 178 (c. Peru, we suggest Montana de Vitoc,
Dept. Junin) ; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 279 (part; e. Peru) ; TACZAN-

* Chamaeza brevicauda columbiana BERL. and STOLZM.: Agrees with C. b. bolivi-
ana in pattern of tail (median pair of rectrices without black subterminal band),
but is easily distinguished by deep mars or russet brown upper parts, particularly
pileum and tail, and rather darker buff chest. Wing (4 unsexed "Bogota" skins),
94-97; tail 58-60; bill 20-21. — C. E. H.

b Chamaeza brevicauda fulvescens SALV. and GODM. : Nearest to C, b. columbiana
and agreeing with it in deep russet brown upper parts and absence of black sub-
terminal band on median rectrices; but chest much deeper, as well as more extensively
washed with ochraceous, black markings on lateral tail feathers decidedly narrower
and less pronounced; wing much longer, bill larger. Wing (two o" o" from Merum6
Mountains) 101, 103; tail 60, 61; bill 2i#, 22. — C. E. H.

0 Chamaeza brevicauda olivacea TSCHUDI: Resembles C. b. boliviano, in having
the greater part of the lower mandible black (like the maxilla), but differs from both
boliviana and columbiana by the deep ochraceous coloration of throat, chest, sides
and under tail coverts. Upper parts brownish olivaceous, darker than in brevi-
cauda and boliviana, though not so rufous as in columbiana and fulvescens; tail

2Q4 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

OWSKI, 1. c., 1874, p. 531 (Masayacu); idem, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 80 (Masay-
acu); BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 384 (La Gloria,
Chanchamayo; La Esperanza, VitxDc); idem, Ornis, 13, 1906, p. 118 (Huay-
napata, Marcapata).

Chamaeza brevicauda olivacea HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78,
A, Heft 5, 1912, p. 132 (Chanchamayo, Vitoc, Peru).

Range: Tropical zone of central and southeastern Peru, in depts.
Junin (Chanchamayo, Vitoc) and Cuzco (Marcapata Valley).

Chamaeza nobilis Gould.'' STRIATED ANTTHRUSH.

Chamaeza nobilis GOULD, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (26. ser.), 15, May 1855, p. 344
(Chamicuros, e. Peru; type in Brit. Mus. examined by C. E. H.); idem,
P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 68 (Chamicuros); SCLATER, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 68
(Rio Napo), 279. (Chamicuros, R. Huallaga; Santa Maria, R. Ucayali);
SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1873, p. 277 (Chamicuros); idem, 1. c., 1880,
p. 155 (Sarayacu, e. Ecuador); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 79
(Chamicuros, Sarayacu); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 308
(Chamicuros; Sarayacu, e. Ecuador; spec, examined by C. E. H.); GOOD-
FELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 66 (Coca, e. Ecuador; spec, examined by C. E. H.);
MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906,
p. 55 (Santa Maria, R. Ucayali; crit.).

Chamaeza brevicauda nobilis HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A,
Heft 5, 1912, p. 132 (range).

Chaemaeza brevicauda (nobilis?) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,
1917, p. 391 (La Morelia, Caqueta, se. Colombia).

Range : Upper Amazonia, from southeastern Colombia (La Morelia,
Rio Caqueta) through eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo, Coca, Sarayacu)
to northern Peru, Dept. Loreto (Chamicuros; Santa Maria, lower
Ucayali).

Chamaeza ruficauda ruficauda (Cabanis and Heine)* RUFOUS-
TAILED ANTTHRUSH.

Chamaezosa ruficauda CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 6 (no local-
ity given, we suggest Prov. Rio, se. Brazil; type in Heine Collection exam-
ined by C. E. H.).

rufous brown as in the two last named, black and buff markings on median rectrices
present or absent. Wing (cf, Vitoc) 98, (9, Chanchamayo) 95; tail 65, 64; bill
i gyi, 1 8. A female from Huaynapata forms the transition to C. b. boliviana.—C. E. H.

• Chamaeza nobilis GOULD: This very distinct form is immediately recog-
nizable among its affines by the pure white ground color of the under surface
without any buff tinge, bright ferruginous instead of whitish loral spot, and very
large size. All of the rectrices have a very distinct black subterminal band, suc-
ceeded (except sometimes on middle pair) by a pure white apical margin, while the
black spot on the forehead is well pronounced. Wing (four adults from n. Peru)
110-115; tail, 61-67; bill, 21^-23. Four adults from Ecuador agree in coloration,
but are somewhat smaller (the only sexed specimen, a male from Coca, measuring:
wing 105; tail 65; bill 20^)- No Colombian material seen by me. — C. E. H.

b Chamaeza ruficauda ruficauda (CAB. and HEINE): This species differs at a
glance from C. brevicauda by much smaller bill; horn brown (instead of yellow) legs;
much longer and more wedge-shaped tail, the median rectrices being decidedly longer

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 295

Chamaeza ruficauda MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (gth
ser.), 8, 1906, p. 55 (Rio; crit.); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 225 (ex
MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, Prov. Rio de Janeiro (Serra dos
Orgaos).«

Chamaeza ruficauda turdina (Cabanis and Heine). b COLOMBIAN
RUFOUS-TAILED ANTTHRUSH.

Chamaezosa turdina CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 6 ("Colom-
bia" = Bogota).

Chamaeza turdina MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (gth
ser.), 8, 1906, p. 56 in text (diag.); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
36, 1917, p. 391 (Miraflores, c. Andes; La Palma, Andalucia, head of Mag-
dalena R., e. Andes of Colombia).

Chamaeza olivacea (not of TSCHUDI) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 307
(part; spec, e, Bogota, examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Subtropical zone of Colombia (Miraflores, central Andes;
La Palma, Andalucia, head of Magdalena, eastern Andes; also in
native "Bogotd" collections).

Chamaeza ruficauda chionogaster Hellmayr.* VENEZUELAN RUFOUS-
TAILED ANTTHRUSH.

Chamaeza turdina chionogaster HELLMAYR, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, May 1906,
p. 91 (El Guacharo, near Carip6, State of Bermudez. I have reasons to doubt
the correctness of the locality; the type probably came from the region above
San Esteban, State of Carabobo).

than the lateral ones; by lacking the black subterminal tail band, only the three outer
pairs of tail feathers having sometimes a narrow apical edge of buff; by the pattern
of the under parts, the featheis of the sides and flanks having a broad blackish brown
mesial stripe, accompanied on either side by a buff streak which, on its turn, is
narrowly margined with blackish brown. (In the races of C. brevicauda these feathers
are blackish brown on their entire inner web, while the outer vane is buff, exteriorly
edged with blackish brown.) Wing (one o") 94, (two 9 9 ) 89, 91 ; tail 72, ( 9 ) 7i^i
75; bill 15-17.— C. E. H.

• Besides four trade skins from "Rio," I have examined one d*, two 9 9 collected
by Dr. E. A. Goeldi at Colonia Alpina, near Theresopolis, Serra dos Orgaos, in July
and August 1892, and preserved in the Zoological Museum at Bern, Switzerland. —
C. E. H.

b Chamaeza ruficauda turdina (CAB. and HEINE): Differs from C. r. ruficauda
by slightly longer wings, much darker rufous brown upper parts and tail, and more
heavily marked sides of chest. Wing (3 unsexed "Bogota" skins) 94, 94, 95; tail
68, 70, 7i#; bill 16, i6#, 17.— C. E. H.

8 Chamaeza ruficauda chionogaster HELLMAYR: Similar to C. r. turdina, but
smaller, with stronger, larger bill; lighter, more russet brown upper parts; whiter
under surface; the three outer tail feathers apically edged with white (or buff in
immature plumage). Wing (ten d"c?) 87-90, (seven 99) 82-89; tail 64-70; bill
i6-i8K-— C. E. H.

296 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Chamaeza ruficauda chionogaster HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78,
A, Heft 5, 1912, p. 132 (Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo; crit.).

Range: Coast ranges of northern Venezuela (Galipan, Cerro del
Avila, near Caracas; Cumbre de Valencia, State of Carabobo).

Chamaeza mollissima Sclater.* BARRED ANTTHRUSH.

Chamaeza mollissima SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, July 1855, p. 89, pi. 95 (Santa
Fd de Bogotd; type in Brit. Mus. examined by C. E. H.), 145 (Bogota);
idem, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 279 (Bogotd) ; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 309
(Bogota); MENEGAUX, Rev. Fran?. d'Orn., No. 43, 1912, p. 388 (above
Bafios, Ecuador; spec, in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.); CHAPMAN,
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 392 (Laguneta; Almaguer, south
of Popayan, c. Andes).

Range: Temperate zone of Andes of Colombia (Laguneta, Alma-
guer, central Andes; "Bogota" native collections) and Ecuador ("Am-
bato," above Bafios).

Genus PITHYS Vieillot.

Pithys VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 24, 1818, p. 112 (generic

characters, but no type); idem, 1. c., 26, 1818, p. 520 (type Pithys leucops

VIEILLOT = Pipra albifrons LINNAEUS).
Manikup G. R. GRAY,b Cat. Gen. and Subgen. Birds, 1855, p. 42 (type Pipra

albifrons LINNAEUS).
Dasyptilops CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 8 (type Pipra albifrons

LINNAEUS).

*Pithys albifrons albifrons (Linnaeus). WHITE-FACED ANTCATCHER.

Pipra albifrons LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., 12, (i), 1766, p. 339 (based on "The White-
faced Manakin" EDWARDS, Glean. Nat. Hist., 3, 1764, p. 280, pi. 344, fig. i;
"Guiana" = Cayenne).

Pipra longicauda HERMANN, Tab. Aff. Anim., 1783, p. 223 (based on "Le Plumet
blanc" BRISSON, Orn., 4, 1760, p. 429; Cayenne).

• Chamaeza mollissima SCLATER: This very distinct species differs from all other
members of the genus by having the entire under surface (from the chin to the anal
region) regularly and closely barred with black and white. The bill is small as in
C. ruficatida, while in shape of tail C. mollissima rather resembles C. brevicauda,
the three median pairs of rectrices being nearly of equal length. The rectrices are
blackish brown, middle pair entirely, the other along outer web washed with dull
rufous brown. An adult bird from above Bafios, Ecuador, does not appear to differ
from two "Bogotd" skins, including the type, except by slightly larger size (wing,
89 against 83 and 85; tail, 69 against 64 and 65; bill, 16-17). — C. E. H.

b Some authors have recently adopted the generic term Manikup, crediting it to
Desmarest (Hist. Nat. Tang., 1805, text to pi. 66). It does not occur, however, in
Latin form anywhere in that work, not even in the Latin diagnosis, though it is used
twice as the French vernacular name of the species. "Manikup" of Desmarest cor-
responds to such titles as "Manakin 4 gorge blanche," "Manakin variS," etc., and
has no nomenclatorial standing.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 297

Pithys leucops VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 26, 1818, p. 520
(new name for Pipra albifrons "Lath."; Cayenne); Schomburgk, Reisen
Brit. Guiana, 2, 1848, p. 287 (Valley of the Muyang, affluent of the Zunima,
n. Brazil), 421 (Kuamuta, R. Pomeroon, Brit. Guiana).

Pithys albifrons CABANIS in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, 1848, p. 685
(Brit. Guiana); BONAPARTE, Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, 2, 1857, p. 35
(Cayenne) ; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 273 (part; Cayenne) ; SCLATER,
and SALVIN, 1. c., 1867, p. 576 (Cobati, R. Negro); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2,
1868, p. 89 (Barra do Rio Negro [ = Manaos]; Rio Vaup6, nw. Brazil; spec,
examined by C. E. H.); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 428 (Bartica Grove, Camacusa,
Merum6 Mts., Roraima); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 294
(part; spec, a-o, Cayenne; Brit. Guiana; Cobati, Rio Negro); BERLEPSCH
and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 79 (Nericagua, Munduapo, R. Orinoco;
Suapure, Nicare, Caura R., Venezuela); ANDRE, Naturalist in the Guianas,
1904, p. 149-150 (Caura R., habits); MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, 1904,
p. 176 (Camopi, French Guiana); idem, 1. c., 14, 1908, p. 13 (Cayenne);
JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 216 (part; Rio Negro, Guyana); BER-
LEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 162 (Ipousin, Rio Approuague), 310 (Cam-
opi); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 309 (Obidos; Far<5, Rio
Jamunda, n. Brazil); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 291
(Munduapo, Nericagua, R. Orinoco; Caura R.); BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, x,
I91?. P- *32 (Bartica); BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62,
1918, p. 68 (Paramaribo, Lelydorp, Javaweg, Surinam).

Manikup albifrons CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 48 (British Guiana).

Range: French, Dutch and British Guiana; southern Venezuela
(Caura River; Munduapo, Nericagua, upper Orinoco River); northern
Brazil (Obidos, Far6, on north bank of lower Amazon; Manaos, Rio
Vaupe", Rio Negro). a

4: British Guiana (Mazaruni River i, Demerara i); French Guiana
(Saint- Jean-du-Maroni 2).

*Pithys albifrons peruviana Taczanowski* WESTERN WHITE-FACED
ANTCATCHER.

Pithys albifrons peruviana TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 73 (Monterico,
east of Huanta, ne. Ayacucho; Amable Maria, Chanchamayo; Montana
del Pangoa; Chyavetas, Peru).

• Four specimens from Manaos agree in every particular with a large series from
the Guianas (7 French, i Dutch, 7 British colony) and the Caura River (20). Six
birds from the Rio Vaup6 and Munduapo (upper Orinoco) form the transition to
peruviana. Some are indistinguishable from typical albifrons, but three lack the
white postocular streak and have more sooty gray on the lower throat, although this
patch is rather smaller and less blackish than in peruviana. — C. E. H.

b Pithys albifrons peruviana TACZ. : Differs from P. a. albifrons by lacking the
white postocular streak, and by having the elongated feathers of the lower throat,
in contrast to the white chin and upper throat, sooty black, forming a large patch;
the bill, too, is somewhat stronger. Examined: Peru 6, Ecuador i, "Bogota" n.
— C. E. H.

298 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Pithys peruvianus ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 74 (Rio
Napo, e. Ecuador).

Pithys peruviana SALVADOR! and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 369, 1899,
p. 32 (Zamora, Santiago, e. Ecuador).

Pithys albifrons (not of LINNAEUS) SCLATER, P Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 144 (Bogo-
ta); idem, I.e., 26, 1858, p. 67 (Rio Napo), 273 (part; "New Granada") ; SCLATER
and SALVIN, 1. c., 1867, p. 751 (Chyavetas); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 276 (Chya-
vetas; spec, examined by C. E. H.); TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1874, P- 53* (Monter-
ico, Amable Maria); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 294 (part;
spec, p-u, Bogota, Sarayacu, e. Ecuador); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907,
p. 216 (part; Colombia, Ecuador).

Range: Upper Amazonia, from eastern Colombia ("Bogota" collec-
tions) and eastern Ecuador to central Peru (depts. Loreto, Hudnuco,
Junin and northeastern Ayacucho).

2: Peru (Puerto Bermudez 2).

Genus GYMNOPITHYS Bonaparte.

Gymnopithys BONAPARTE, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., (4th sen), i, 1854, P- 132 (nomen
nudum); idem, Bull. Soc. Linn* Normandie, 2, 1857, p. 35 (type Gymno-
pithys pectoralis "Schiff ex LATH." = Turdus pectoralis LATHAM = Turdus
rufigula BODDAERT).

Anoplops CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 9 (type Turdus rufigula
BODDAERT).

Gymnopithys rufigula rufigula (Boddaerf). RUFOUS-THROATED ANT-
CATCHER.

Turdus rufigula BODDAERT, Tabl. PI. enl., 1783, p. 39 (based on "Petit Merle
brun a gorge rousse, de Cayenne" Daubenton, PI. enl., 644, fig. 2 (=9);
type in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Turdus pectoralis LATHAM, Ind. Orn., i, 1790, p. 357 (based on the same).

Pithys pectoralis CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13, (i), 1847, p. 214 (sexual difference);
idem, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, 1848, p. 695 (coastal forests
of Brit. Guiana).

Gymnopithys pectoralis BONAPARTE, Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, 2, 1857, p. 35

(Cayenne).
Pithys rufigularis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 273 (Cayenne; descr.);

PELZELN, Ibis, 1874, P- 4*>i (Cayenne).
Pithys rufigula PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 89 (Seira Carauman, Rio Branco;

Barra do Rio Negro = Manaos) ; SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 428 (Bartica Grove,

Camacusa); W. SCLATER, 1. c.f 1887, p. 318 (Maccassema, Brit. Guiana;

habits).

Gymnopithys rufigula SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 297 (Cayenne;
Leseeka, Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Brit. Guiana; Barra = Manaos) ; MENE-

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 299

GAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Phil. Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 52 (note on
type); MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, 1904, p. 177 (Camopi); idem, 1. c.,
14, 1908, p. 13 (Cayenne); JEERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 217 (range,
excl. Venezuela).

Anoplops rufigula BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 162 (Ipousin, Rio Approua-
gue), 320) Camopi); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 311 (Obidos;
Fai6, Rio Jamunda) ; CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 49 (Brit. Guiana).

Anoplops rufigula rufigula BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, i, 1917, p. 132 (Bartica
Grove), 228 (nesting habits).

Range: French, Dutch and British Guiana; northern Brazil, south
to the north bank of the lower Amazon (Obidos, Far6 ; Manaos, Serra
Carauman, Rio Branco).'

*Gymnopithys rufigula pallida (CJterrie).b VENEZUELAN RUFOUS-
THROATED ANTCATCHER.

Anoplops rufigula palidus (sic) CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., I, No. 16,
1909, p. 390 (Suapure, Caura River); idem, 1. c., 2, 1916, p. 291 (Suapure).

Cymnopithys rufigula (not of BODDAERT) BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool.,
9, 1902, p. 79 (Munduapo, Nericagua, R. Orinoco; Suapure, Nicare, La Pri-
cion, Caura R., Venezuela; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Range : Southern Venezuela (valleys of the Caura and upper Orinoco) .
i : Venezuela (Nicare, Caura River i).

• Four males, one female from Manaos and one female from Serra Carauman, Rio
Branco, are perfectly identical with a series of ten from various localities in French
Guiana. A male from Surinam and three skins from Camacusa, British Guiana
are not different either.— C. E. H.

b Gymnopithys rufigula pallida (CHERRIE) : Exceedingly close to C. r. rufigula,
but on average slightly smaller; upper parts paler, more olivaceous (less russet),
and flanks earthy brown rather than rufescent.

This is not a very well marked race, though the majority of the Venezuelan birds
are distinguishable by the above characters. Two from Nicare, Caura River, and
one from Munduapo, however, resemble those from French Guiana (rufigula) in
every particular.

MEASUREMENTS

WING TAIL BILL

Six o" o* from French Guiana 77,78,78,78,80,8348,50,51,52,53,53 18^-19
Two o" o" from Camacusa 77,78 49,5* i8,i8>£

One cT from Surinam 76 48 i8#

Four o* o* from Manaos 76,77,78,80 48,51,52,54 17^,18,18,19

Seven o* o" from the Caura River 76,76,77,77, 48,49,49,50,50,

78,79,80 52,53,53 17-18

Two o" o" from the Orinoco River 74,77 48,49 18

Two 9 9 from French Guiana 76,76 47,5 1 i?

One 9 from Manaos 76 50 17^

One 9 from the Rio Branco 75 51 17

Ten 9 9 from the Caura River 74,75,76,76,77, 47,49,49,49,50,

77,77,78,78,79 50,50,50,52,52 17-18

One 9 from Munduapo, Rio

Orinoco 73 48 i6#

— C. E. H.

300 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Gymnopithys salvini (Berkpscti)* SALVIN'S ANTCATCHER.

Pithy s salvini BERLEPSCH, Journ. Ornith., 49, 1901, p. 98 (San Mateo, Yungas

of Cochabamba, n. Bolivia; type in Coll. Beilepsch examined by C. E. H.;

= o" ad.) ; JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 443, pi. 16, fig. 2 (= d" imm.)

(Rio Jurud; spec, examined by C. E. H.); idem, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 216

(Rio Jurua).
Gymnopithys salvini HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 71 (Teff6; crit., descr.

9).
Anoplops salvini HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 385 (Humaytha, Rio

Madeira) ; idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 366 (Humaytha); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus.

Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 310 (range).

Range: Upper Amazonia, in northern Bolivia (Rio San Mateo,
Yungas of Cochabamba) and western Brazil (Humaytha, upper Rio
Madeira; Rio Jurua; Teffe", Rio Solimoes).

Gymnopithys lunulata (Sclater and Salvin).b LUNULATED ANTCATCHER.

Pithys lunulata SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 276, pi. 26 (Sara-
yacu, Rio Ucayali, e. Peru; type in British Museum examined by C. E. H.);
TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1882, p. 32 (Yurimaguas) ; idem, Orn. Perbu, 2, 1884,
p. 75 (Yurimaguas; descr. 9); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 296
(Sarayacu).

* Gymnopithys salvini (BERLEPSCH) : Male. Above slate gray, inclining to black-
ish on forehead and loral region; distinct superciliary streak (from nostrils to above
posterior angle of eye), cheeks, malar region and throat white; remainder of lower
parts slate gray; wings slate gray, some of the inner greater upper wing coverts occa-
sionally with a blackish subterminal and white apical band; rectrices slate color,
all except middle pair apically edged with white and crossed by six or seven narrow
white bands on the inner web, sometimes also with a number of similar markings
on the basal half of the outer web of the outermost pair. Bill black. Wing (six cf1 o71 ad. )
72-75 ; tail 45-49 ; bill 17-18. Female. Forehead and crown mostly black, but more or
less suffused with rufescent brown; occiput cinnamon rufous, clouded with dusky;
back olive brown, each feather with a black subterminal and a rather narrower cin-
namon rufous apical band, these markings becoming less pronounced on the rump;
small interscapular patch light cinnamon; upper wing coverts olive blackish, broadly
edged with cinnamon rufous; quills dark brown, externally edged with russet brown,
secondaries with a broad, pale cinnamon apical band, preceded by a narrow blackish
line; rectrices clear cinnamon rufous, crossed by six or seven black bands; sides of
head, throat and foreneck deep cinnamon rufous, passing into reddish cinnamon
on middle of breast; remainder of under parts pale olive brown, washed with cinna-
mon on tail coverts. Lower mandible whitish. Wing (nine 99) 72-77; tail 45-50;
bill 17-18.— C. E. H.

b Gymnopithys lunulata (ScL. and SALV.) The type, marked as " 9 ," agrees with
the male of G. salvini in having the throat and foreneck, as well as a distinct super-
ciliary streak, white ; but the upper parts are olive brown as in the female of that species,
with, however, a small white (not cinnamon) interscapular spot and the light mark-
ings on back, wing coverts and inner secondaries buff (instead of cinnamon rufous) ;
rectrices dusky brown, crossed on inner web by three or four white bands; breast
and belly dull brownish olive. Wing 73 ; tail 45 ; bill 17 $4. Taczanowski's descrip-
tion of a female from Yurimaguas generally tallies well with the type, though he
makes no mention of the white interscapular spot and calls the light markings on
the upper parts "roux ocreux roussatre." Although more information about this
little known bird is much desired, I think there can be hardly any doubt as to its
being distinct from G. salvini. — C. E. H.

BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 301

Anoplops lunulata SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 310 (diag. "o31" ex
SCLATER and SALVIN).

Hypocnemis poecilonota (errore) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866,
p. 1 86 (Sarayacu).

Range: Eastern Peru, in Dept. Loreto (Sarayacu, Rio Ucayali;
Yurimaguas).

Gymnopithys leucaspis (Sclater)* CINNAMON ANTCATCHER.

Myrmeciza leucaspis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 22, "1854," publ. April 1855,
P- 253. pl- ?o ("Bogota^" Colombia, type in Brit. Mus. examined by C. E. H. ;
Chamicuros, n. Peru; Cobati, Rio Negro); idem, 1. c., 23, 1855, p. 147 ("Bo-
gota").

Pithys leucaspis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 274 (Bogotd; Chamicuros,
n. Peru; Cobati, Rio Negio; diag.); SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1867, p. 576
(Cobati), 751 (Xeberos, Chyavetas; spec., now in Tring Museum, examined
by C. E. H.); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 276 (Xeberos, Chyavetas); PELZELN, Orn.
Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 89 (Barcellos, Rio Icanna, Rio Vaup6, upper Rio
Negro; spec, examined by C. E. H.); TACZANOWSKJ, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884,
p. 74 (Tarapoto, Xeberos, Chyavetas); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 295 (part; spec, a, c, d, f, i-k, 1, Amazonia, "Colombia" [ = "Bogota"],
Peru, Cobati).

Gymnopithys leucaspis SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2,
1892, p. 222, in text (Rio Meta, e. Colombia); JEERING, Cat. P. Braz., i,
1907, p. 217 (range).

Anoplops leucaspis HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1172 (from e. Colombia
(Bogota) to n. Peru, east to the Rio Negro; char, d", 9); SNETHLAGE, Bol.
Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 310 (range).

Range: Upper Amazonia, from eastern Colombia ("Bogota" col-
lections; Rio Meta) south to northern Peru (Tarapoto, Chamicuros,
Xeberos, Chyavetas, Dept. Loreto), east to the upper Rio Negro
(Barcellos, Rio Icanna, Rio Vaupe"), northwestern Brazil.

*Gymnopithys bicolor aequatorialis (Hellmayr).b EQUATORIAL ANT-
CATCHER.

Pithys bicolor aequatorialis HELLMAYR, Ornith. Monatsber., 10, 1902, p. 33

(Lita, Prov. Esmeraldas, nw. Ecuador).
Gymnopithys leucaspis aequatorialis MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. gebgr. Mes. Arc

Mend. Equat., 9, 1911, p. B 35 (Santo Domingo).

• Gymnopithys leucaspis (SCLATER) differs from the members of the G. bicolor sec-
tion by white (instead of black) cheeks, malar region and anterior auriculars; by hav-
ing a narrow black superciliary streak, and a large cinnamomeous interscapular
blotch in the female sex. Material: four d*c?, four 9 9 Rio Negro; three o"cf
Chamicuros, one c? Chyavetas, one o" Xeberos, two cfcff five 9 9 "Bogota."
The Rio Negro examples are exactly like those from "Bogota", while the Peru-
vian ones are somewhat less rufous above and on the flanks. — C. E. H.

b Gymnopithys bicolor aequatorialis (HELLMAYR) : Resembles G. leucaspis in the
bright ferruginous color of the pileum, but is darker rufous brown above, has the

302 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Anoplops bicolor aequatorialis HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1171, 1172
(diagn.; w. Ecuador); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917,
p. 381 (Barbacoas, Buenavista [Narino], sw. Colombia).

Pithys leucaspis (not of SCLATER) HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, 1908, p. 493 (Chimbo;
spec, examined by C. E. H.); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 65 (Santo Domingo;
spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Gymnopithys ruficeps (not of SALVIN and GODMAN) SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll .
Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899, p. 32 (Rio Santiago, w. Ecuador); HARTERT,
Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 613 (Chimbo; Paramba, S. Javier, Prov. Esmeraldas).

Range: Tropical zone of southwestern Colombia (Barbacoas;
Buenavista, Narino) and western Ecuador, south to Prov. Guayas
(Chimbo, Quevedo).

i: Ecuador (Quevedo i).

Gymnopithys bicolor ruficeps Salvin and Godman.* CAUCA VALLEY
ANTCATCHER.

Gymnopithys ruficeps SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, Feb.

1892, p. 222, note ("Cauca Valley" =Rio Nechi, Antioquia, type in Brit.

Mus. examined by C. E. H.; "Bogota").
Anoplops bicolor ruficeps HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1171, 1173 (Neche;

Remedies, Rio It6, Antioquia; "Bogota"; characters).
Pithys leucaspis (not of SCLATER) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879,

p. 526 (Remedios, Neche); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 295

(part; spec, b, e "Bogota," g, Nechi, h, Remedios).

Range: Central Colombia, in State of Antioquia (Rio Nechi, lower
Cauca; Remedios, Rio Ite", system of the Magdalena River); also in
"Bogota" collections.

Gymnopithys bicolor daguae Hellmayr.b DAGUA ANTCATCHER.

Gymnopithys bicolor daguae HELLMAYR, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, 1906, p. 83 (El
Paillon, near Buenaventura, Choc6, w. Colombia [type]; Juntas, Rio Dagua).

cheeks and auriculars black, the sides of the occiput slate gray, and lacks the cin-
namomeous dorsal patch in the female sex. Twenty specimens from w. Ecuador
examined by C. E. H.

• Gymnopithys bicolor ruficeps SALV. and GODM. : Very similar to G. b. olivascens,
but crown decidedly brighter ferruginous, back much deeper rufous brown, and
sides of body russet (instead of olivaceous) brown. From its geographical neighbors,
aequatorialis and daguae, at once distinguished by lacking the slate gray color on
sides of occiput, and the blackish lateral border to the white chest. Wing, 75-78;
tail 49-51; bill 18-19. Material: one 9 Nechi (type), one cf Remedios, one "Anti-
quia," five "Bogota."— C. E. H.

b Gymnopithys bicolor daguae HELLMAYR: Nearest to G. b. bicolor, which it
resembles in having the forehead and a broad superciliary stripe slate gray like the
sides of the occiput; but much darker, deep Vandyke brown instead of light russet
brown above, flanks also much deeper rufous brown, white pectoral area in male
laterally bordered by blackish, and bill much larger. Wing 76-78^; tail 48-51;
bill 19^-20. Material: one c? El Paillon, two d"cf, one 9 Juntas, Rio Dagua,
one d" N6vita.— C. E. H.

.

1924- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 303

Anoplops tricolor daguae HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1170 (N6vita,
Juntas de Tamana), 1173 (range); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
36, 1917, p. 382 (Bagado, La Vieja, upper Atrato; Baudo, N6vita, Noanama,
w. Colombia).

Range: Tropical zone of Pacific Colombia, from the upper Atrato
south to the Rio Dagua, Bahia del Choc6.

*Gymnopithys bicolor tricolor (Lawrence). BICOLORED ANTCATCHER.

Pithy s bicolor LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 7, 1862, p. 484 (Lion Hill Sta-
tion, Panama); idem, 1. c., 8, 1867, p. 6 (Lion Hill); SCLATER and SALVIN,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1864, p. 357 (Lion Hill); SALVIN, 1. c., 1867, p. 145 (Santa P6
de Veragua; spec, in Brit. Mus. examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 296 (part; spec, a-f, Chepo, Panama; Santa F6,
Veragua).

Gymnopithys bicolor SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 2, 1892,
p. 221 (Santa F6 de Veragua, Lion Hill, Paraiso Station, Chepo, Panama).

Anoplops bicolor RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 132 (Panama,
Veragua; monogr.).

Anoplops bicolor bicolor HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1173 (Panama Rail-
road, Chepo, Panama; Santa F6, Veragua); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 382 (Rio Salaqui, lower Atrato; Alto Bonito, Rio
Sucio); BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, 1922, p. 208
(Mt. Sap6, Jesusito, Darien).

Range: Eastern Panama, from Veragua (Santa Fea; Cascajal,
Code) eastwards, and extreme northwest of Colombia (Rio Salaqui;
Alto Bonito, lower Atrato).

i : Panama.

*Gymnopithys bicolor olivascens (Ridgway). OLIVE-SIDED ANTCATCHER.

Pithy s bicolor olivascens RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 14, Oct. 1891, p. 469 (Santa
Ana, Honduras).

Gymnopithys olivascens SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2,
1892, p. 222 (Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica; Bugaba, Chiriqui); RICH-
MOND, Proc. U. S. Mus., 16, 1893, p. 501 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua).

Gymnopithys bicolor olivascens BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, 1902, p. 42
(Boquete, Panama); idem, Auk, 24, 1907, p. 296 (Boruca, Pozo del Rio
Grande, sw. Costa Rica); CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910, p. 614
(Costa Rica; habits).

Gymnopithys bicolor olivaceus BANGS, Auk, 18, 1901, p. 366 (Divala, Chiriqui).

• The single male examined from Santa F6, Veragua, has the sides and flanks
rather darker Prouts brown than five Panama skins.— C. E. H.

304 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Anoplops olivascensRiDGWAV, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 133 (monogr.;
Honduras to Chiriqui, w. Panama).

Anoplops tricolor olivascens HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1173 (Honduras
to Chiriqui).

Pithys bicolor (not of LAWRENCE) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 296
(part; spec, g-j, Bugaba, Chiriqui; "Valza," Costa Rica; Chontales, Nicar-
agua).

Range: From Honduras (Santa Ana, Chaloma) through Nicaragua
and Costa Rica to western Panama (Divala, Bugaba, Boquete, Chi-
riqui).

5: Nicaragua (San Emilis, Lake Nicaragua i); Costa Rica (Pozo
del Rio Grande 2, Boruca i); Panama (Boquete, Chiriqui i).

Gymnopithys melanosticta (Sclater and Salvin).* HAIRY-CRESTED
ANTCATCHER.

Pithys melanosticta SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1880, p. 160 (Sara-
yacu, e. Ecuador; type in Brit. Mus. examined by C. E. H. ; = 9); SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 297 (Sarayacu); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith.,
56, 1908, p. 17 (Cachoeira, Rio Punis; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Anoplops melanosticta HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 386, pi. 3, fig. i (o*)
(Humaytha, Rio Madeira; descr. o", 9); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 360 (crit.;
Rio Madeira; Rio Jurud; Cachoeira, Rio Punis); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 311 (Cachoeira, Rio Purus); HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg.,
85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 113 (San Gaban, north side of Sierra de Carabaya,
n. Puno, se. Peru).

Gymnopithys purusianus SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 5, No. i, 1908, p. 59
(Cachoeira, Rio Punis; type in Museu Goeldi examined by C. E. H.; = d").

Range: Upper Amazonia, in eastern Ecuador (Sarayacu), western
Brazil (Humaytha, left bank of Rio Madeira; rivers Punis and Jurua),
and southeastern Peru (San Gaban, northern Puno).b

• The generic assignation of this species must be regarded as provisional only.
G. melanosticta differs from both Gymnopithys and Rhegmatorhina by the peculiarly
shaped crest. The feathers of the forehead and crown are highly specialized with
their barbs dissolved, the rami being loose and hair-like, while the occipital feathers
are somewhat lengthened, forming a loose, pendant crest. In extent of bare orbital
ring and proportion of tail, it more nearly resembles Rhegmatorhina, and it will prob-
ably be found necessary to create a separate genus for its reception. I am, however,
unwilling to do so without re-examining its general structure. Unfortunately, no
specimen is at present accessible. — C. E. H.

b Birds from Humaytha (Rip Madeira) and the Rio Jurud agree with the type of
G. purusianus in general coloration, and in having the pileum and crest dingy whitish
gray. The type of P. melanosticta from e. Ecuador is darker brown, particularly
below, with the black markings above broader, and the crest more brownish white.
An immature male from San Gaban, se. Peru, is slightly different again, having
the crown and crest feathers mainly sooty, with the basal portion only brownish.
Males are uniform russet brown above, while females have the upper back, wing

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 305

Genus RHEGMATORHINA Ridgway."

Rhegmatorhina RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 10, Aug. 1888, p. 525, footnote
(type Rhegmatorhina gymnops RIDGWAY).

Rhegmatorhina gymnops Ridgway. BARE-EYED ANTCATCHER.

Rhegmatorhina gymnops RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 10, Aug. 1888, p. 525

(Diamantina, near Santarem, Rio Tapaj6z) ; CHAPMAN and RIKER, Auk, 8,

1891, p. 29 (same locality).
Gymnopithys gymnops SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 297 (lower

Amazon); JEERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 217 (range).
Anoplops gymnops SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 312 (Rio Curua;

Pimental, Rio Tapaj6z; Tucunar6, Rio Jamauchim).

Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the right
bank of the Tapajoz to the Xingii.b

Rhegmatorhina berlepschi (Snethlage) .° BERLEPSCH'S ANTCATCHER.

Anoplops berlepschi SNETHLAGE, Ornith. Monatsber., 13, Oct. 1907, p. 162 (Villa
Braga, Rio Tapajoz; type in Goeldi Museum examined by C. E. H.; descr.
d*); idem, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 513 (Villa Braga); idem, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 312 (Boim, Villa Braga, R. Tapaj6z).

Range: Northern Brazil, on the left bank of the Tapajoz (Boim,
Villa Braga).

coverts and inner secondaries marked with black subterminal bars, followed by
narrow, pale cinnamomeous apical margins.

WING TAIL BILL

Three & o" from Humaytha 79,81,82 53,54,55 18^,19,19^

One o71 from Cachoeira, Punis 82 55 igy£

One d" imm. from S. Gaban, Peru 79 55 17

One 9 from Sarayacu, e. Ecuador 77 49 19

Two 9 9 from Humaytha 77,79 53,54 i8#,i8tf

— C. E. H.

• This genus forms a very natural group. Though nearly allied to, it may be dis-
tinguished from, Gymnopithys by the erect, slightly stiffened frontal feathers, the
crested pileum, and the broad bare ring round the eye; the tail, too, is proportion-
ately longer and more rounded. R. berlepschi, R. hofmannsi and R. cristata are prac-
tically identical with the genotype in all structural details. — C. E. H.

b Male and female from Tucunare', Rio Jamauchim, examined by C. E. H.

8 Rhegmatorhina berlepschi (SNETHLAGE) : Male. Forehead sooty black, more or
less edged with chestnut; pileum chestnut, passing into a lighter, more ferruginous
tone on occiput; remaining upper parts dull olivaceous, more russet on wing and
tail coverts; rectrices dark russet brown, blackish terminally, lateral pair with an
indistinct pale apical margin; sides of head and throat sooty black; foreneck exten-
sively bright cinnamon rufous, forming a large, well-defined patch; breast and
abdomen slate gray, washed with olivaceous on flanks; under wing coverts and inner
web of quills cinnamon. Bill black. Wing (two d"o") 80; tail 53, 54; bill 18. Female
differs by having on the upper back and wing coverts broad black subterminal and nar-
rower, dchraceous apical bands; the breast and middle of the abdomen bright buff,
banded with black; the blackish terminal zone of the rectrices more pronounced
and followed by a distinct buff apical margin ; besides, the pileum is more blackish,

3o6 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Rhegmatorhina cristata (Pelzeln).* PELZELN'S CRESTED ANTCATCHER.

Pithys cristata PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 89, 166 (Rio Vaup6, upper

Rio Negro; types in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.).
Gymnopithys cristata BERLEPSCH and HELLMAYR, Journ. Ornith., 53, 1905,

P- 33 (crit. on types); JEERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 217 (Rio Negro;

ex PELZELN).
Anoplops cristata SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 312 (Rio Vaup6;

ex PELZELN).

Range: Northwestern Brazil, on the Rio Vaupe, an affluent of the
upper Rio Negro.

Rhegmatorhina hoffmannsi (Hellmayr).b HOFFMANNS'S ANTCATCHER.

Anoplops hoffmannsi HELLMAYR, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 19, Feb. 1907, p. 52 (Borba,
Rio Madeira); idem, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 387, pi. 3, fig. 2 (cf), 3(9)
(Borba); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 365 (Calama, Allianca, Rio Madeira; Mar-
oins, Rio Machados); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 311 (Rio
Madeira; ex HELLMAYR).

Range: Northern Brazil, on the right bank of the Rio Madeira
(from Calama to Borba) and on its affluent, the Rio Machados
(Maroins).

the back more brownish, and the lower mandible yellowish white. Wing 76; tail
50; bill 17.

The male bears a certain resemblance to R. cristata, from which it chiefly differs
in the slate gray belly, and in the rufous color below being much lighter and restricted
to a limited space on the foreneck, while the female is altogether different.

Two o*cf , one 9 from Villa Braga examined. — C. E. H.

a Rhegmatorhina cristata (PELZELN) : Male. Pileum, nape and sides of neck
chestnut, deepest on crown; back dull olive brown; wing coverts, and wings rufous
brown; tail like back; sides of head and throat sooty black; breast chestnut, becom-
ing duller on posterior median portion and passing gradually into the rufescent olive
brown of the belly; under wing coverts and inner web of quills cinnamon. Wing
82>£;tail59>£; bill 18. Female differs by lacking the crest, the feathers of the pileum
being but slightly elongated; darker, blackish chestnut pileum; duller blackish sides
of head and throat, and more russet brown back with a number of blackish sub-
apical spots and slight buffy ochraceous apical margins.. Wing 76; tail 52; bill 17.

The two typical examples are still the only ones known to exist. The female appears
to be a young bird, judging from the fluffy texture of the plumage. — C. E. H.

b Rhegmatorhina hoffmannsi (HELLMAYR): Male. Upper part of the head,
including lores, deep black; crest feathers sometimes with concealed chestnut base;
back, lesser and median wing coverts pale dull olive; upper tail and greater wing
coverts rufescent olive brown; quills dusky, russet on outer webs; tail dark brown,
slightly more rufescent along outer web; cheeks, malar region, throat and foreneck
pure white ; rest of under parts slate gray or dull slaty ; sides of breast and abdomen
tinged with brownish; axillars and under wing coverts dusky brown; inner web of
remiges broadly edged with clear cinnamon. Bill black. Wing (7) 79-81^; tail
52-54;bill, i7-i8K- Female. Forehead and crest dark chestnut, the shafts of the feath-
ers only black; back brighter olive brown, wings and tail more rufescent than in
the male; feathers of upper back and wing coverts each with a broad black subterminal
bar and a narrow cinnamomeous apical margin; chest and middle of breast ochreous,
broadly banded with black; sides and abdomen uniform olive brown; under wing
coverts tawny, irregularly barred with blackish. Lower mandible whitish. Wing (12)
75-81; tail 50-54; bill 17-18.— C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 307

Genus HYLOPHYLAX Ridgway."

Hylophylax RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, Apr. 1909, p. 70 (type Cono-

pophaga naevioides LAFRESNAYE).
Dichropogon CHUBB, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (gth ser.), 2, July 1918, p. 124 (type

Hypocnemis poecilinota CABANIS).
Stictomyrmornis CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, Feb. 1919, p. 59 (type Pipra

name GMELIN).

*Hylophylax naevioides naevioides (Lafresnaye) . SPOTTED ANTBIRD.

Conopophaga naevioides LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 10, 1847, p. 69 (no locality
given, type in Mus. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., coll. Delattre; we suggest as type
locality Panama, whence the Derby Museum (Liverpool) possesses two
specimens obtained by A. Delattre).

Hypocnemis naevioides SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 254 (monogr.;
part; Panama); idem, 1. c., 1860, p. 294 (Esmeraldas, nw. Ecuadoi); CASSIN,
Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 190 (Falls of the Rio Truando); SCLATER
and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1864, p. 357 (Panama); BERLEPSCH and TACZAN-
OWSKI, 1. c., 1883, p. 566 (Chimbo, sw. Ecuador); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 293 (part; spec, h-o, Paraiso Station, Chepo, Panama;
Esmeraldas, Ecuador); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2,
1892, p. 231 (part; Lion Hill, Paraiso Station, Chepo, Panama; Truando
Falls; w. Ecuador); SALVADOR: and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362,
1899, p. 32 (Rio Peripa, w. Ecuador); DUBOIS, Syn. Av., I, p. 174, pi. 3,
fig- 3 (c?); STONE, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 50 (note on type); BANGS,
Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 2, 1900, p. 24 (Loma del Leon, Panama); HART-
ERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 613 (San Javier, Prov. Esmeraldas, nw. Ecuador);
THAYER and BANGS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, 1906, p. 217 (Sabana de
Panama); HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1167 (Condoto, N6vita,
Guineo, Choc6, w. Colombia).

Hypocnemis naevoides LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 7, 1862, p. 326 (Lion
Hill, Panama).

Hylophylax naevioides RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 128 (part;
Panama; Rio Truando, Rio Atrato, Colombia; w. Ecuador); CHAPMAN, Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 387 (part; Baudo, upper Atrato; Barba-
coas, w. Colombia); STONE, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 70, 1918, p. 26 (Gatun,
Canal Zone).

Hylophylax naevioides naevioides BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
65, No. 6, 1922, p. 208 (Mt. Sap6, Rio Esnap6, Jesusito, Darien).

Range: Eastern Panama (from the Canal Zone eastward), south
along the Pacific coast of Colombia and Ecuador down to Chimbo.b
i : Panama.

• We fully agree with R. Ridgway's contention that no further subdivision of
this genus is possible. While H. naevia and H. punctulata, in opposition to the
H. poecilinota group (Dichropogon CHUBB), have a decidedly broader, more depressed
bill, H. naevioides (type of Hylophylax) is exactly intermediate in this respect.

b A considerable series from w. Colombia (5), and San Javier, Prov. Esmeral-
das, nw. Ecuador (15), agrees with three from Panama. — C. E. H.

308 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

"Hylophylax naevioides capnitis (Bangs).* NORTHERN SPOTTED
ANTBIRD.

Hypocnemis naevioides capnitis BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 19, 1906, p. 107
(Miravelles, Costa Rica).

Hypocnemis naevioides (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858,
p. 254 (part; [?] Mosquito coast, identified from a drawing); idem, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 293 (part; spec, a-g, Costa Rica); SALVIN and GOD-
MAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 231 (part; Costa Rica); RICH-
MOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, 1893, p. 502 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua);
UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, p. 440 (Miravelles).

Hypocnemis naevoides LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 9, 1868, p. 109 (Turrialba,
Angostura); FRANTZIUS, Journ. Ornith., 1869, p. 306 (Costa Rica); ZELEDON,
Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, p. 115 (Jimenez, Pacuar6, Angostura).

Hylophylax naevioides RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 128 (part;
Nicaragua, Costa Rica); CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910, p. 619
(Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica; habits, nest).

Range: Caribbean lowlands of Nicaragua and Costa Rica.

7: Nicaragua (San Emilis, Lake Nicaragua 3), Costa Rica (Orosi 2,
Old Harbor, Talamanca 2).

Hylophylax naevioides subsimilis Todd.b BOLIVAR SPOTTED ANTBIRD.

Hylophylax naevioides subsimilis TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 30, July 1917,
p. 129 (Jaraquiel, State of Bolivar, n. Colombia; descr. c?).

Hylophylax naevioides (not of LAFRESNAYE) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 36, 1917, p. 387 (part; Malena, Magdalena R.).

Range: Northern Colombia, in states of Bolivar (Jaraquiel) and
Antioquia (Malena, near Puerto Berrio, Magdalena River).

*Hylophylax naevia naevia (Gmelin). SPOTTED-BACKED ANTBIRD.

Pipra naevia GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, (2), 1789, p. 1003 (based on "Le Fourmillier
tachet£, de Cayenne" Daubenton, PI. enl., 823, fig. 2; = o* ad).

Hypocnemis naevia PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 89 (Marabitanas, Rio Negro;
Cayenne; spec, in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.); BERLEPSCH,

• Hylophylax naevioides capnitis (BANGS) : Slightly larger than H. n naevioides
with upper parts brighter chestnut, subterminal dark band on the tail narrower
and tip more ochraceous ; female more grayish, less buffy beneath and the spots on the
chest much darker and more distinct. Wing (cf) 66-67, (?) 63-65; tail 33-37.
This is rather an ill-defined race, but O. Bangs, who has examined a large amount of
material, considers it separable.

b Hylophylax naevioides subsimilis TODD: Male similar to H. n. naevioides, but
more extensively white below, the gray shading of sides and flanks more restricted;
pileum dark slate gray, with only a trace of brown; tail grayish instead of brownish,
the tips of rectrices white (not tawny). Described from a single male, obtained
at Jaraquiel, Bolivar. There can be little doubt, however, that the female, with
remarkably pale underparts, from Malena, R. Magdalena, mentioned by F. M.
Chapman, also belongs here. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 309

Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 159 (Ipousin, Rio Approuague, Cayenne, Camopi,

Oyapoc, French Guiana), 320 (Saint- Jean-du- Maroni) ; JHERING, Cat. F.

Braz., i, 1907, p. 223 (range); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 302

(range) ; BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, i, 1917, p. 132 (Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana).
Hypocnemis naevia naevia MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris,

(9th ser.), 8, 1906, p. 44 (Cayenne, Camopi, French Guiana; crit., nomencl.);

HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 355 (characters; French Guiana; Mara-

bitanas, Rio Negro).
Stictomyrmornis naevia CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 70 (Ituribisi R.,

Supenaam, Bartica, Camacabra Creek, Great Falls of Demarara, Brit.

Guiana).
Hypocnemis theresae (not of DBS MURS) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,

p. 292 (part; spec, a, b, Oyapoc, Cayenne); MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris,

10, 1904, p. 177 (Camopi, French Guiana).
Hylophylax consobrina TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 26, 1913, p. 172 (Rio

Mocho, upper Caura River, Venezuela; type in Carnegie Museum examined

by C. E. H.).
Hylophylax naevia consobrina CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916,

p. 290 (foot of Mount Duida, upper Orinoco).

Range: French and British Guiana; southern Venezuela (Rio
Mocho, Caura; foot of Mt. Duida, upper Orinoco); northwestern
Brazil (Marabitanas, upper Rio Negro) a.

2: British Guiana (Mazaruni River 2).

*Hylophylax naevia theresae (Des Murs). FLAMMULATED ANTBIRD.

Conopophaga Theresae DES MURS in Castelnau, Exp6d. Am6r. Sud, Ois., livr.
18, June 1856, p. 51, pi. 16, fig. 2 (Rio Javarri, ne. Peru; type in Paris Museum
examined by C. E. H.; = 9).

Conopophaga naevia (not Pipra naevia GMELIN) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY,
Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7, 1837, cl. 2, p. 13 (Yuracares, Bolivia) ; D'ORBIGNY,
Voyage Am6r. mend,, Ois., 1838, p. 186 (Yuracares, Bolivia; part, descr.
cf ad., spec, in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Hypocnemis theresae SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 67 (Rio Napo), 253 (Rio
Javarri; descr. o", 9 ) ; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862, p. 188 (upper Amazon,
Rio Napo) ; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 187 (upper Ucayali) ;
idem, 1. c., 1867, p. 750 (Xeberos); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 185 (Cosnipata),
276 (Xeberos, Chamicuros); TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1874, P- 531 (Monterico,

• With the material at present available I cannot make up my mind to separate
the Venezuelan and Brazilian birds from typical naevia. The type of H. consobrina,
an adult male in annual molt, differs from a good series of Guianan males merely by
having the spots on the interscapulium much brighter, more of an ochraceous-buff.
Three males from Marabitanas agree in this respect, but have decidedly larger
(white or buff) markings on the wing coverts. Two of these specimens approach the
upper Amazonian race theresae by the greater extent of slate gray on forehead and
superciliary region. Two females from Marabitanas only differ from the Guianan
ones by their pure white throat.

Material: eleven d"o", seven 9 9 French Guiana; one o", one 9 British
Guiana; one d"1 Rio Mocho; three o*d", two 9 9 Marabitanas, Brazil. — C. E. H.

310 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

ne. Ayacucho); idem, 1. c., 1882, p. 32 (Huambo, Yurimaguas) ; idem, Orn.
P£rou, 2, 1884, p. 72 (descr. cf, 9; Peruvian localities); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 292 (part; spec, c-m, Xeberos, Chamicuros, Iquitos,
upper Ucayali, Peru; Rio Napo, Sarayacu, e. Ecuador); SALVADORI and
FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899, p. 31 (Zamora, Rio Santiago,
e. Ecuador); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 442 (Rio Jurua).

Hypocnemis naevia theresae MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom.
Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 46 (crit. ; Rio Javarri, e. Ecuador; Iquitos, ne. Peru;
Bolivia); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 354 (Calama, Allianca, Rio
Madeira; Maroins, R. Machados), 356 (characters, range) ; idem, 1. c., 28,
1921, p. 208 (Yuracares, crit.); idem, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920,
p. no (Yahuarmayo, San Gaban, Marcapata, se. Peru).

Hylophylax naevia theresae CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917,
p. 387 (La Morelia, Caqueta, se. Colombia; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Hypocnemis naevia ochracea (not of BERLEPSCH) SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi,
8, 1914, p. 302 (part; Villa Braga, Rio Tapaj6z; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Range : Upper Amazonia, from southeastern Colombia (La Morelia,
R. Caqueta; Cuembi, R. Putumayo) through eastern Ecuador and
eastern Peru (in depts. Loreto, Huanuco, Junin, northeastern Aya-
cucho, Cuzco, and northern Puno) to northern Bolivia (Yuracares,
San Mateo, Rio Surutu), east through western Brazil, south of the
Amazon Valley, to the left bank of the Tapajoz (Villa Braga), south to
northern Matto Grosso (Rio Roosevelt).*

6: Peru (Moyobamba i, Huachipa 4, Vista Alegre i).

Hylophylax naevia ochracea (BerlepscK)* OCHRACEOUS ANTBIRD.

Hypocnemis naevia ochracea BERLEPSCH, Ornith. Monatsber., 20, 1912, p. 20
(Tucunar6, Rio Jamauchim, easterly affluent of the Rio Tapaj6z; type exam-
ined by C. E. H.); HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. nt
in text (characters; from the Jamauchim to the Tocantins); idem, Nov.
Zool., 28, 1921, p. 209 (crit.); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 302
(part; Cameta, Arumatheua, R. Tocantins; Victoria, Rio Xingu; Santa
Helena, TucunarS, Rio Jamauchim).

Range: Northern Brazil, from the Rio Jamauchim, an easterly
affluent of the Tapajoz, east to the Tocantins (Cametd, Arumatheua).

• Sixty-two specimens examined by C. E. H.

b Hylophylax naevia ochracea (BERLEPSCH) : Male similar to H. n. theresae (for
characters see Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 356), but black, white-spotted interscapular
area more restricted, and flanks and under tail coverts decidedly deeper ochraceous,
resembling therein the northern H. n. naevia; female distinguishable by its deeper
ochraceous underparts, without any black spots on the chest, or with just a few
streaks on the sides of the foreneck. Wing 58-60; tail 38-41; bill

Three o"o", two 9 9 Rio Jamauchim; one o* Victoria, Rio Xingu; one 9
Cametd, R. Tocantins, examined. Although some of the females from the Rio
Machados (Maroins), by their darker chest and reduction of black spotting, form the
transition, this interesting race is well characterized. — C. E. H.

1924- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 311

Hylophylax punctulata (Des Murs).* DBS MURS'S SPOTTED ANTBIRD.

Rhopotera punctulata DES MURS in Castelnau, Exp6d. AmeY. Sud, Ois., livr. 18,
June 1856, p. 53 ("Haut Amazone," we suggest Pebas, n. bank of Maranon,
ne. Peru, as type locality; type in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.;
= 9 ad.).b

Rhopothera guttata DES MURS, 1. c., livr. 20, Dec. 1856, pi. 17, fig. 3 (fig. of type).

Hypocnemis margaritifera PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 89, 165 (Rio
Amajau, below Barcellos on the Rio Negro, nw. Brazil; types in Vienna
Museum examined by C. E. H. ; = o" ad).

Hypocnemis punctulata MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris,
(9th ser.), 8, 1906, p. 47 (Pebas; crit.b); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907,
p. 377 (Humaytha, Rio Madeira); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 354 (Calama, Rio
Madeira; descr. juv.); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 222 (range);
SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 301 (Amazonia).

Hylophylax punctulata CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 290
(La Union, Caura R., Venezuela; spec, examined by C. E. H.c).

Hypocnemis naevia (not of GMELIN) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, 1857, p. 265
(Rio Javarri; spec, examined by C. E. H.); idem, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 253 (part;
descr. et hab. upper Amazon, Rio Javarri); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6rou, 2,
1884, p. 71 (part; descr. of "o31" only ex coll. Castelnau in Paris Museum);
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 291 (part; spec, b-g, Rio Javarri,
Iquitos, ne. Peru); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 79
(La Pricion, Caura R., Venezuela; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Eastern Venezuela (Caura Valley); northern Brazil (Rio
Amajau, an affluent of the Rio Negro, below Barcellos; Calama,
Humaytha, Rio Madeira; Rio Curua,d an affluent of the Rio Iriri, R.
Xingu); northeastern Peru (Rio Javarri; Pebas, Iquitos, R. Maranon). e

• Hylophylax punctulata (DES MURS) is, in both sexes, at once distinguishable
from H. naevia and allies by white (instead of slate gray) lores, subocular region
and auriculars, black (instead of brown) upper tail coverts, and horn gray (instead
of wax yellow) legs, besides other differences. Thirty-two specimens examined by
C. E. H.

b The type, though marked as "o*," is an adult female, as its recent re-exami-
nation by C. E. H. tends to show.

c These are the specimens from La Union, "lower Orinoco," referred to by
F. M. CHAPMAN (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 387) in the text of Hylophy-
lax naevia theresae.

A An immature female, obtained by E. Snethlage on August 24, 1909, at the
Malocca de Manuelsinho, Rio Curua, and preserved in the Museu Goeldi, Pard,
examined by C. E. H.

• Birds from northeastern Peru (Pebas, Iquitos) are identical with the types of
H. margaritifera from the Rio Amajau, and a series from the Rio Madeira. Fifteen
skins from the Caura River, Venezuela, average very slightly larger, but are not
otherwise different. MEASUREMENTS

WING TAIL BILL

Ten c? o* from the Caura, Venezuela 59,59, 60,60,60, 29-32 16-17

61,61,62,62,63

Two o* o" from the Rio Amajau 59,59 30,30

Six o* c?1 from the Rio Madeira 58-61 28^-32 is-i6>£

Three 9 9 from the Caura River 58^,60,61 31,31,32 16^-17

Three 9 9 from the Rio Madeira 57.58,58 29,30,31 16

Two 9 9 from Pebas, ne. Peru 58,59 30,32
— C. E. H.

312 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Hylophylax poecilinota poecilinota (Cabanis).* SCALE-BACKED ANT-
BIRD.

(??) Myrmothera caerulescens VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. nat., nouv. ed., 12,

1817, p. no ("Guyane"= Cayenne; descr. cf).
Hypocnemis poecilinota CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13, (i), 1847, p. 213, pi. 4,

fig. 2, 3 (British Guiana; descr. o" ad.); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908,

P- 159 (Ipousin, Rio Approuague; Cayenne).
Hypocnemis poecilonota CABANIS in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, 1848,

p. 684 (coastal forests of British Guiana); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26,

1858, p. 251 (part; descr. d", Brit. Guiana); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 428 (Bar-

tica Grove, Camacusa, Roraima, Rio Atapurow, Brit. Guiana); SCLATER,

Cat. B. Biit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 286 (part; spec, a-k, British Guiana; Maroni

R.. Surinam) ; BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 78 (Munduapo,

Nericagua, R. Orinoco; Suapure, La Pricion, Nicare, Caura R., Venezuela;

spec, examined by C. E. H.); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 297

(Obidos, n. Brazil).
Hypocnemis poecilonata (sic) MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 14, 1908, p. 13

(French Guiana).
Hypocnemis poecilinota poecilinota HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 371

(diag. d\ 9 ; British Guiana, Surinam, French Guiana; Venezuela; Caura-

Orinoco basin).
Hylophylax poecilonota poecilonota CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2,

1916, p. 289 (Munduapo, Nericagua, R. Orinoco; Suapure, Caura R.);

BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, i, 1917, p. 132 (Bartica Grove).
Dicnropogon poecilonota CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 67 (British

Guiana).

Range: French, Dutch and British Guiana; southern Venezuela
(Caura Valley, and the Orinoco River, up to Munduapo and Nericagua,
north of San Fernando de Atabapo); northern Brazil (Obidos, north
bank of lower Amazon) .b

• I cannot imagine what Hypocnemis surinamensis PENARD and PENARD (Vogels
Guyana, 2, 1910, p. 328; Surinam) might possibly be. It is described as being simi-
lar to H. poecilinota, but without white dorsal patch and edges to wing coverts. —
C. E. H.

b Females from the Guianas generally have but a few indistinct markings above,
while in seven from the Caura and two from the upper Orinoco (Munduapo, Neri-
cagua) the whole median portion of the back is crossed by numerous well-defined
black and deep buff bands. I am, however, not quite certain of the significance of
this difference, since most of the Guianan specimens examined appear to be immature
and an undoubtedly adult female from Ipousin (French Guiana) is hardly less banded
than the average from the Caura. The extent of the cinnamomeous chin spot is
individually variable; the white interscapular spot is generally absent, only in one
female each from Suapure and Nericagua faintly indicated. There is no difference
between Venezuelan and Guianan males, as far as I can see.

Material: three o"o*, one 9 Saint- Jean-du- Maroni; two d"cT, two 9 9
Ipousin, Rio Approuague; one cf, one 9 Cayenne, French Guiana; one o", one 9
Merum6 Mts. ; one 9 Camacusa, one 9 Bartica Grove, British Guiana; one 9
Surinam; eight d" p", eight 9 9 Caura; three d* o", one 9 Nericagua; one cf , one 9
Munduapo, R. Orinoco. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 313

"Hylophylax poecilinota lepidonota (Sdater and Salvin). WESTERN
SCALE-BACKED ANTBIRD.

Hypocnemis lepidonota SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1880, p. 160 (Sara-
yacu, e. Ecuador; type in British Museum examined by C. E. H.; =9);
TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6rou. 2, 1884, p. 64 (Monterico, Huambo, Yurimaguas,
Peru; descr. o*, 9); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p 287, pi. 16,
fig- 1 (o*), 2 (9) (Sarayacu, e. Ecuador; Iquitos, Chamicuros, Peru; "Oya-
poc, Cayenne," errore!; Rio Napo; "Bogota"); BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 384 (La Merced, Chanchamayo, Peru); SALVADOR:
and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899, p. 31 (Santiago, e. Ecuador).

Hypocnemis poecilinota lepidonota HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 372
(diag. cf, 9 ; Sarayacu, Rio Napo, e. Ecuador; "Bogotd"; Marabitanas and
Rio Vaup£, nw. Brazil; Iquitos, Chamicuros, Huambo, Yurimaguas, Guaya-
bamba, Nuevo Loreto, Monterico, La Merced; Pozuzo, Huanuco, Peru).

Hypocnemis poecilonota lepidonota JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 222 (range) ;
SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 297 (char., range).

Hylophylax lepidonota CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 387
(La Morelia, R. Caqueta, se. Colombia; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Hylophylax poecilonota lepidonota CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2,
1916, p. 289 (foot of Mt. Duida, upper Orinoco).

Hypocnemis poecilinota (not of CABANIS) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, 1857,
p. 18 ("Bogota," in Coll. Lawrence; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Hypocnemis poecilonota SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 67 (Rio Napo),
251 (part; upper Amazon, "Bogota"); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 88
(part; Marabitanas, Rio Vaup6, upper Rio Negro; spec, examined by
C. E. H.); TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 53* (Monterico) ; idem,
1. c., 1882, p. 32 (Yurimaguas).

Hylophylax lepidonota duidae CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 86, Aug. 1923,
p. 7 (foot of Mount Duida, upper Orinoco, s. Venezuela; type examined by
C. E. H.).

Range : Upper Amazonia, from the east slopes of the eastern Andes
in Colombia ("Bogotd"; La Morelia, Rio Caquetd; Cuembi, Rio Put-
ttmayo) and southernmost Venezuela (foot of Mount Duida, upper
Orinoco) through eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo, Sarayacu, Zamora,
Rio Santiago) and northwestern Brazil (Marabitanas and Rio Vaupe*,
upper Rio Negro) to Peru, in depts. Loreto (Iquitos, Chamicuros,
Yurimaguas, Huayabamba Valley, Nuevo Loreto), Hudnuco (Pozuzo,
Vista Alegre), Junin (La Merced, Puerto Bermudez) and northeastern
Ayacucho (Monterico).*

2: Peru (Vista Alegre i, Puerto Bermudez i).

• There is so much individual variation in the numerous specimens before me
that I cannot maintain the recently segregated H. p. duidae as distinct. Males from
the foot of Mt. Duida and the upper stretches of the Rio Negro (Marabitanas) are,
as a rule, slightly paler slate gray below, but not constantly so, and in "Bogota"
collections both pale and extremely dark specimens are found. The coloration of the
lower parts in the female sex is exceedingly variable. Two from "Bogota" and seven

314 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Hylophylax poecilinota griseiventris (Pelzeln).* GRAY-BELLIED ANT-
BIRD.

Pithys griseiventris PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 89, 167 (Villa Maria
( = San Luis de Caceres) and Engenho do Gama, w. Matto Grosso; Borba,
Rio Madeira; spec, in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H. ; we designate
as type No. 15,597 9 ad., Borba, March 3, 1830, J. Natterer Coll.).

Hypocnemis poecilinota griseiventris HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 371
(crit.), 372 (characters d", 9 ; Borba, Rio Madeira; Villa Maria, Engenho
do Gama, w. Matto Grosso); idem, 1. c., 14, 1907, p. 67 (Teff6, Rio Solimoes),
378 (Humaytha, Borba, Rio Madera); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 357 (Calama,
R. Madeira; S. Isabel, Rio Preto; Allianca, Maroins, Rio Machados).

Hypocnemis poecilonota griseiventris JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 222
(Matto Grosso, Rio Madeira); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 297
(Amazonia, Matto Grosso).

Hylophylax griseiventris griseiventris CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 86,
Aug. 1923, p. 7 in text (Borba; Rio Roosevelt, Matto Grosso; Astillero,
se. Peru).

Hypocnemis poecilonota (not of CABANIS) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 88
(part; Borba, R. Madeira; spec, in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Upper Amazonian region of Brazil, from the Rio Madeira
(both banks) westward, north to Teffe", Rio Solimoes, south to western

from the upper Rio Negro (Marabitanas, Rio Vaup6) have the whole under sur-
face, from the chin down to the anal region, nearly uniform bright ferruginous, the
abdomen scarcely paler than the breast and throat; while in birds from e. Ecuador,
se. Colombia (Cuembi, La Morelia), Mt. Duida and Peru the general tone is paler,
more pchraceous, the throat and foreneck only more or less tinged with lighter
ferruginous. The only characters of geographical significance I can discover are the
somewhat brighter ferruginous front and sides of the head and the more rufous brown
crown in females, as also the lesser development of the white interscapular blotch
in both sexes from the upper Rio Negro and the Duida district of Venezuela. Two
"Bogota" females and one from Nuevo Loreto, n. Peru, combine the bright head
of "duidae" with the well-developed white dorsal patch of "lepidonota." The differ-
ences appear to me too slight and inconstant for recognition in nomenclature,
though more satisfactory material might ultimately lead to the opposite view.

H. p. lepidonota is unquestionably but the western representative of H. p. poecil-
inota. Among the females of the latter form from the Caura River, there is one,
secured by E. Andrd at Nicare, on January 18, 1901, with white apical margins to
some of the scapulars. The lesser amount of white at the base of the interscapulars
in specimens from the Rio Negro and Duida regions is another approach towards
the characters of typical poecilinota.

Material: Four 0*0", six 99 Marabitanas; one 9 Rio Vaup6, Rio Negro; three
d*d"i two 9 9 "Bogota , one o", two 9 9 La Morelia, Caqueta; one 9 Cuembi, R.
Putumayo, se. Colombia; two 0*0", two 9 9 foot of Mt. Duida, s. Venezuela; two
c? d\ four 9 9 e. Ecuador; one o* Vista Alegre; one 9 Puerto Bermudez; one &
Pozuzo; onecT Guayabamba; one 9 Nuevo Loreto; one 9 La Merced, Peru.— C.E.H.

• Hylophylax poecilinota griseiventris (PELZELN) : Male similar to H. p. lepido-
nota, but with the white interscapular blotch much more extensive, the feathers of
the anterior back being white for their entire basal half; female similar to H, p.
poecilinota, but back and wing coverts without any trace of black or buff markings;
rectrices russet or reddish olive brown, with a black subterminal band and a white
apical margin, but with no other white markings; white interscapular blotch much
larger. Forty-seven specimens examined by C. E. H.

1924- BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 315

Matto Grosso (Rio Guapore", San Luis de Caceres, Rio Roosevelt) and
(according to Chapman) to southeastern Peru (Astillero, northern
Puno).

Hylophylax poecilinota nigrigula (Snethlage) .» BLACK-THROATED ANT-
BIRD.

Hypocnemis poecilonota nigrigula SNETHLAGE, Ornith. Monatsber., 22, 1914,
p. 42 (Boim [type], Villa Braga, left bank of Rio Tapaj<3z).

Hypocnemis poecilonota consp. nov., idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 298
(Boim).

Hypocnemis poecilonota, vid.ua (not of HELLMAYR) SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi,
8, 1914, p. 297 (part; Villa Braga, Rio Tapaj6z).

Range: Northern Brazil, on the left bank of the Rio Tapaj6z
(Boim, Villa Braga).

"Hylophylax poecilinota vidua (Hellmayr).b WIDOW ANTBIRD.

Hypocnemis vidua HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905, p. 290 (Igarap6-Assu, Para,
ne. Brazil; descr. 9 ad.); SNETHLAGE, Ornith. Monatsber., 14, 1906, p. 29
(descr. o").

Hypocnemis poecilinota vidua HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 370 (Sao
Antonio do Prata, Para), 372 (char, cf, 9 ; Igarape'-Assu, S. Antonio); idem,
Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 49 (Peixe-
Boi), 93 (Para localities).

Hypocnemis poecilonota vidua SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 287
(Para, Rio Guama); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 222 (Para); SNETH-
LAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, 297 (Para, Mocajatuba, Providencia,
Ananindeuba, Apehu, Santa Isabel, Peixe-Boi; Ourem, Rio Guama; Cameta,
Baiao, Arumatheua, R. Tocantins; Tucunarg, Rio Jamauchim).

Hypocnemis poecilonota (not of CABANIS) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 286 (part; spec, k, Para).

Hylophylax griseiventris vidua CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 86, 1923,
p. 7 in text (Para; Rio Tocantins; Santarem).

• Hylophylax poecilinota nigrigula (SNETHLAGE) : Male similar to H. p. vidua, but
immediately recognizable from this as well as all other races by its black throat,
abruptly contrasted with the slate gray under parts; female not appreciably different
from that of H. p. vidua. Wing ( c?) 66; tail 41 ; bill 16. Miss Snethlage is no doubt
right in referring some Villa Braga females to nigrigula , originally based on an
immature male from Boim.

b Hylophylax poecilinota vidua (HELLMAYR) : Male nearest to H, p. poecilinota,
but throat whitish, decidedly contrasting with slate gray of under parts; female
agreeing with griseiventris in absence of markings on back, upper tail coverts and
wings, and in coloration of tail; but less rufescent above, edge of wing and sides of
head pale gray (instead of ferruginous), chin whitish like throat, and forehead olive
brown like pileum (not ferruginous). Wing 63-67; tail 39-43; bill 15-17. Twenty-
five specimens examined by C. E. H.

316 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Range: Northeastern Brazil, south of the Amazon, in states of
Maranhao and Para, west to the right bank of the Tapajoz (Santarem;
Rio Jamauchim)."

2: Brazil (Tury-assii, Maranhao 2).

Genus PHLEGOPSIS Reichenbach.

Phlegopsis REICHENBACH, Av. Syst. Nat., 1850, pi. 57 (type by subs, desig.,
Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, 1855, p. 42, Myothera nigro-maculata LAFRES-
NAYE and D'ORBIGNY).

Phlogopsis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 276 (emendation of Phlegopsis
REICHENBACH).

Phlegopsis nigromaculata nigromaculata (Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny).
BLACK-SPOTTED BARE-EYE.

Myothera nigro-maculata LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag.
Zool., 7, 1837, cl. 2, p. 14 (Guarayos, e. Bolivia; type in Paris Museum exam-
ined by C. E. H.); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Am6r. mend., Ois., 1838, p. 190,
pi. 6 bis, fig. 2 (Yuracares, e. Bolivia).

Formicarius nigro-maculatus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 68 (Rio Napo,
e. Ecuador).

Phlogopsis nigro-maculata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 276 (Bolivia [ex
D'ORBIGNY]; Rio Napo; Rio Ucayali, e. Peru); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B.,
1862, p. 190 (Rio Napo); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 76 (Guara-
yos); BERLEPSCH, Journ. Ornith., 1889, p. 304 (upper Ucayali, e. Peru;
spec, examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 299
(part; Rio Ucayali, Rio Napo); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 313
(Amazonia, Ecuador).

Phlegopsis nigromaculata MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris,
(9th sen), 8, 1906, p. 53 (Guarayos; note on type); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool.,
14, 1907, p. 73 (Teff6, Rio Solimoes); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 223
(Rio Jurua).

Phlegopsis nigromaculata nigromaculata HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 388
(Humaytha, Rio Madeira; range); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 367 (Humaytha);
idem, 1. c., 28, 1921, p. 211 (Guarayos, San Mateo, n. Bolivia; crit.).

Phlogopsis nigromaculata bowmani (not of RIDGWAY) JHERING, Rev. Mus.
Paul., 6, 1905, p. 443 (Rio Jurud; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Phlogopsis notata ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 97 (lower
Beni, n. Bolivia; type in American Museum Nat. Hist, examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Upper Amazonia, from eastern Peru (River Ucayali) and
northern Bolivia (Guarayos, Rio San Mateo, lower Beni, north slope
of Sierra de Cochabamba) to western Brazil, east to the left bank of

« No specimens from the Tapaj6z seen. An adult male from the Tocantins
(Arumatheua) is identical with others from Para. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 317

the Rio Madeira (Humaytha), north to the Rio Solimoes (Teffe");
also recorded from eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo).»

Phlegopsis nigromaculata bowman! Ridgway.b BOWMAN'S BLACK-
SPOTTED BARE-EYE.

Phlogopsis bowmani (Riker Ms.) RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 10, Aug. 1888,
p. 524 (Diamantina, near Santarem, R. Tapaj6z); RIKER and CHAPMAN,
Auk, 8, 1891, p. 29 (Diamantina); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 300 (lower Amazon); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 513 (Villa
Braga, R. Tapaj6z); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 314 (Malocca de
Manuelsinho, Rio Curud; Villa Braga, Pimental, Rio Tapaj6z; Tucunar6,
Rio Jamauchim).

Phlegopsis bowmani JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 223 (Diamantina;
Borba).

Phlegopsis nigromaculata bowmani HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 388
(Borba, Rio Madeira); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 367 (Calama, Allianca, Mani-
cor6, Rio Madeira; Maroins, Rio Machados); idem, 1. c., 28, 1921, p. 212
(range).

Phlogopsis nigromaculata (not of LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) PELZELN, Orn.
Bras., 2, 1868, p. 90 (part; Borba).

Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the right
bank of the Rio Madeira (Borba Manicore, Calama, Allianca) and
its tributary, the Machados, east to the Xingu (Rio Curud).0

*Phlegopsis nigromaculata paraensis Hellmayr* PARA BLACK-SPOTTED
BARE-EYE.

Phlegopsis paraensis HELLMAYR, Ornith. Monatsber., 12, 1904, p. 53 (Para;
type in Vienna Museum); idem, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905, p. 291 (Igarap€-Assu,
Pard); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., 1,1907, p. 223 (Para).

a Birds from Teff6 are practically identical with those from e. Peru (Ucayali)
and n. Bolivia. Two (put of three) skins from Humaytha do not differ either, while
the third (female), by its brighter upper parts — but in no other respect — approaches
P. n. bowmani which replaces the typical race on the opposite river bank. Material
examined by C.E.H. : i Guarayos; i lower Beni; two 9 9 S. Mateo, Bolivia; two d" d\
one 9 Rio Ucayali; one d", one 9 Teffg; one o", two 9 9 Humaytha, Rio Madeira.

b Phlegopsis nigromaculata bowmani (Riocw.): Differs from P. n. nigromaculata
chiefly by the much brighter, golden-yellowish olive (instead of greyish olive) ground-
color of the upper parts with the black markings much broader and shorter, thus
producing a transverse pattern, while they are decidedly longitudinal in the typical
race.— C. E. H.

• I have not seen a specimen from the type locality. A single adult from Villa
Braga, left bank of Tapaj6z, is rather brighter above than a series of twenty-seven
skins from the right side of the Rio Madeira (Borba to the Rio Machados). — C. E. H.

d Phlegopsis nigromaculata paraensis HELLMAYR: Differs from both of its allies
by having the upper parts warm rufescent brown, with much smaller, drop or pearl-
shaped, black spots, surrounded by a narrow cinnamomeous margin, on back,
greater wing coverts, and the sides of the body likewise rufescent brown instead of
olivaceous, besides some minor characters. In addition to nine adults of both sexes
from the Par4 district, I have examined in the British Museum a specimen pre-
pared like the trade skins imported from Cayenne. — C. E. H.

318 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Phlegopsis nigromaculata paraensis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 389

(Pard); idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912,

P- 49. 93 (Para, Murutucu, Ourem, Capim, Igarap6-Assii) ; idem, Nov. Zool.,

28, 1921, p. 212 (range).
Phlogopsis paraensis SNETHLAGE, Orn. Monatsber., 14, 1906, p. 30 (Para, Ourem) ;

idem, Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 287 (same localities); idem, Bol. Mus.

Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 314 (Para, Providencia, Ananindeua, Benevides, Apehii;

Santa Maria do Sao Miguel, Ourem, R. Guama; Cameta, R. Tocantins).
Phlogopsis nigromaculata (not of LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) SCLATER and

SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 576 (Para); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868,

p. 90 (part; Para); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 299 (part;

spec, a, b, Pard, examined by C. E. H.); GOELDI, Ibis, 1903, p. 499 (Rio

Capim).

Range: Northeastern Brazil, in states of Maranhao and Para, west
to the Tocantins (Cameta).

6: Brazil (Utinga, near Para i, Tury-assii, Maranhao 5).

Phlegopsis erythroptera (Gould).* THREE-BANDED BARE-EYE.

Formicarius erythropterus GOULD, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2d ser.), 15, May
!855, p. 345 ("Interior of Demerara," locality no doubt erroneous, we sug-
gest Rio Negro, nw. Brazil ; type in British Museum examined by C. E. H. ;
= d1 nearly adult); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 69 (reprint of orig.
descr.).

Formicarius trivittatus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, June 1857, p. 46 ("Amazon
River"; the type, examined by C. E. H. in British Museum, is one of
A. R. Wallace's skins and was probably obtained on the Rio Negro; = 9 ad.).

Phlogopsis erythroptera SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 276 (descr. d");
SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 73 (system, position); PELZELN, Orn. Bras.,
2, 1868, p. 90, 167 (syn.; S. Bonaventura, Rio Iganna; Rio Vaupe, nw. Bra-
zil; spec, examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1880,
P- 155 (Sarayacu, e. Ecuador; spec, examined by C. E. H.); TACZANOWSKI,
Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 523 (Iquitos, ne. Peru; descr. of nearly adult o",
spec, in Brunswick Museum examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 301 (Sarayacu; descr. d*); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 314 (descr., range).

Phlegopsis erythroptera JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 224 (range); HELL-
MAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 368 (Humaytha, Rio Madeira); CHUBB,
Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 72 ("Demerara," ex GOULD).

^Phlegopsis erythroptera agrees with the type of the genus in shape of bill, short
and slightly rounded tail (about two-thirds as long as wing), blackish feet, bright
red naked skin on sides of head, and other particulars. The feathering of the fore-
head is not quite so dense as in the genotype, that of the loral region being some-
what intermediante between Phlegopsis and Phaenostictus.

P. erythroptera differs, however, from both by the naked space on sides of head
being mainly restricted to a broad orbital ring surrounding the posterior half of the
eye. Material examined : one cf , unknown locality (type) ; one d* Sarayacu ; one d1
Iquitos; one &, one 9 Rio Iganna; one 9 Rio Vaup6; one d1 Humaytha; one d* juv.
Coca, Rio Napo: one 9 "Amazonas"; one 9 La Morelia, Caqueta, 600 ft., July n,
1912. (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 116,318.)— C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 319

Phlegopsis erythropterus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 389 (Humaytha,

Rio Madeira; descr. o" ad., crit.).

Phlogopsis trivittatus SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 74 (crit.).
Phlogopsis trivittata SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 300 (descr. 9);
GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 65 (Coca, Rio Napo; spec, examined by C. E. H.);
HELLMAYR, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 53, 1903, p. 215 (crit.; =9).
Range : Upper Amazonia, from southeastern Colombia (La Morelia,
Rio Caquetd) and the upper Rio Negro (Rio Icanna, Rio Vaupe")
through eastern Ecuador (Sarayacu; Coca, Rio Napo) to northern
Peru (Iquitos), east to the Rio Madeira (Humaytha).

Phlegopsis borbae Hellmayr.* BORBA BARE-EYE.

Phlegopsis borbae HELLMAYR, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 19, Feb. 1907, p. 53 (Borba,
Rio Madeira; descr. d" imra.); idem, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 389 (Borba);
idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 368 (Borba).

Phlogopsis borbae SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 314 (ex HELLMAYR).
Range: Northern Brazil, from the right bank of the lower Rio
Madeira (Borba) to the Tapajoz (Villa Braga).

Genus PHAENOSTICTUS Ridgway."

Phaenostictus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, 1909, p. 70 (type by orig.
desig., Phlogopsis mcleannani LAWRENCE).

*Phaenostictus mcleannani saturatus (Richmond).0 RICHMOND'S ANT-
THRUSH.
Phlegopsis saturata RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Mus., 18, Aug. 1896, p. 625 (Rio

Escondido, 50 mi. from Bluefields, e. Nicaragua).

Phaenostictus macleannani saturatus CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910,
p. 622 (Caribbean foothills and Pacific slope of nw. Costa Rica; habits).

^Phlegopsis borbae HELLMAYR: The type, an immature male, bears a certain like-
ness to the female of P. erythroptera, but has a much shorter tail, stronger bill, and the
naked space on sides of head yellowish gray instead of bright red. Besides, the
upper eyelid is beset with dense, erect, elongated feathers; and there are many color
differences, the back being rufescent olive brown (instead of chestnut); the loral
spot white; the feathering of the eyelid, as well as a narrow superciliary streak, black;
the throat, foreneck and chest dull ferruginous, bordered below by an irregular
blackish transverse band; the belly olivaceous brown, etc., etc. Wing 89; tail 59;
bill 22. An adult female from Villa Braga, R. Tapaj6z (Carnegie Museum, No.
75748), is brighter rufous on throat and foreneck, and more russet brown on the
abdomen, while the black superciliary streak is barely indicated. Wing 89; tail 60;
bill 19 mm. Adult male unknown.

^Phaenostictus RIDGW. is very distinct generically from Phlegopsis, differing,
among other features, by much longer, strongly graduated tail, scant loral and
frontal feathering, stronger and more sharply ridged culmen.

« Phaenostictus mcleannani saturatus (RICHMOND) : Differs from P. m. mclean-
nani of the Canal Zone by its brighter coloration, the upper parts being more tawny
brown, with the light margins on the back and wing coverts pale cinnamomeous
rather than buff; the chest deeper cinnamon rufous; the belly also more tawny
brown, with cinnamomeous instead of buff margins. Wing (c?) 9O-95. (9) 85-91;
tail 8 1 -88. Twenty specimens examined by C. E. H.

320 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Phaenostictus mcleannani saturatus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911,
p. 136 (monogr.; Costa Rica and Nicaragua).

Phlogopsis madeannani (not of LAWRENCE) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.,
5, 1868, p. 109 (Angostura, Costa Rica); SALVIN, Ibis, 1872, p. 313, 318
(Chontales, Nicaragua); RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 6, 1883, p. 415 (Rio
Sucio, Costa Rica); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 300 (part;
spec, a-e, Chontales, Nicaragua; Tucurriqui, Costa Rica); SALVIN and GOD-
MAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 236 (part; Nicaragua, Costa
Rica); RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Mus., 16, 1893, p. 502 (Rio Escondido, Nicar-
agua; habits); UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, p. 441 (Volcan de Miravelles, Costa
Rica).

Range: Nicaragua (Chontales; Rio Escondido; San Emilis, Lake
Nicaragua), eastern and northwestern Costa Rica.

2: Nicaragua (San Emilis, Lake Nicaragua i); Costa Rica (Tuis i).

*Phaenostictus mcleannani mcleannani (Lawrence). MCLEANNAN'S
ANTTHRUSH.

Phlogopsis McLeannani LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 7, May 1860, p. 285,
294 (Lion Hill Station, Panama Railroad).

Phlogopsis madeannani SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1864, p. 357 (Lion
Hill); idem, Exotic Ornith., 1867, p. 17, pi. 9 (part; Panama); SALVIN,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 145 (Santiago de Veragua); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 300 (part; spec, f, g, Santiago de Veragua, Panama) ;
SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 236 (part; Lion
Hill, Panama; Santiago de Veragua); BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., a,
1900, p. 24 (Loma del Leon, Panama).

Phaenostictus mcleannani mcleannani RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5,
1911, p. 135 (monogr.; Lion Hill, Panama, Cascajal, Cocl6, Panama; Santi-
ago de Veragua).

Range: Central Panama, from the Canal Zone west to Veragua.*
i: Panama (Lion Hill i).

Phaenostictus mcleannani chocoanus Bangs and B arbour. b CHOCO
ANTTHRUSH.

Phaenostictus madeannani chocoanus BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 65, No. 6, Sept. 1922, p. 208 (Mt. Sap6, Darien, e. Panama; type exam-
ined by C. E. H.).

• A single adult from Veragua appears to agree with six topotypes from Lion
Hill.— C. E. H.

b Phaenostictus mcleannani chocoanus BANGS and BARBOUR : Similar to the
typical race, but much paler throughout; pileum smoky grayish, shading into hoary
or dingy whitish gray on latero-f rental feathers; chest much lighter cinnamon rufous;
olive brown areas decidedly paler, especially on belly; margins to feathers of back
and abdomen much paler (buff instead of deep buff or clay color). Wing (four cf o")
90-95, (three 9 9) 88-90; tail (o") 89-91, (9) 81-87; bill 20-22.

Out of seven specimens from Darien, only one (o71, Tapalisa) resembles
P. m. mcleannani in color of pileum, while another ( 9 , Capeti) approaches it in

IQ24- BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 321

Phaenostictus madeannani madeannani (not of LAWRENCE) CHAPMAN, Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 388 (part; Puerto Valdivia, lower
Cauca; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Eastern Panama, Darien (Tapalisa, Capeti River, Mt.
Sapo, Esnape) and adjacent portion of northern Colombia (Puerto
Valdivia, lower Cauca).'

*Phaenostictus mcleannani pacificus Hellmayr, subsp. nov.b PACIFIC
ANTTHRUSH.

Phlegopsis madeannani (not of LAWRENCE) HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 613

(Bulun, Rio Bogotd, Prov. Esmeraldas, nw. Ecuador).
Phaenostictus madeannani madeannani CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,

36, 1917, p. 388 (part; Barbacoas, sw. Colombia).

Range: Pacific coast of southwestern Colombia (Barbacoas,
Narifio) and northwestern Ecuador (Rio Bogota, Bulun, Prov. Esmer-
aldas), from sea level up to 350 feet.

4: Ecuador (Rio Bogota 2, Bulun, Prov. Esmeraldas 2).

Subfamily MYRMOTHERINAE.

Genus MYRMORNIS Hermann.

Myrmornis HERMANN, Tab. Affin. Anim., 1783, p. 188, 210, 235 (proposed [p. 210]
for "Fourmilier," Buffon, torn, "vi" [lege iv], p. 462; type by tautonomy,
"Le Fourmilier, proprement dit," BUFFON, 4, p. 473 = "Le Fourmillier, de
Cayenne" Daubenton, PI. enl., 700, fig. i ; = Formicarius torquatus BODDAERT).

coloration of under parts and deep buff margins on back and abdomen. Taken as
a whole, the series constitutes a well marked race. — C. E. H.

• A single male from Puerto Valdivia, lower Cauca, is apparently referable
to the Darien form. Though not an extreme example, it can be closely matched by
a male from Capeti, e. Panama. The light olivaceous rump and clear cinnamon
rufous chest are exactly as in the general run of chocoanus. Wing 94; tail 94; bill
2i#.— C. E. H.

b Phaenostictus mdeannani pacificus HELLMAYR, subsp. nov.

Type in Field Museum, No. 54154 (o") ad. Bulun, Prov. Esmeraldas, alt. 160 ft.,
n. w. Ecuador, December 6, 1900. G. Flemming Coll.

Similar to P. m. mdeannani of the Panama Canal Zone, but upper parts, espe-
cially lower back and rump, and abdomen rather darker and more rufescent brown;
crown deeper sooty brown; chest lighter cinnamon rufous. Wing (three o* o") 90-92,
(five 9 9) 85-88; tail (d") 86-88, (9) 81-85; bill 20^-22.

I would hardly venture to separate this race, were it not that its range is entirely
cut off from P. m. mdeannani by the much paler P. m. chocoanus occupying the
intervening Darien district of e. Panama. In the deep buff tinge of the margins to
the wing coverts, dorsal and abdominal feathers, the dark crown, and the deep
russet shade of the brown areas, P. m. pacificus is almost an exact duplicate of the
typical race, while the light cinnamon rufous pectoral area is the only character it
shares with chocoanus. Besides seven specimens from Prov. Esmeraldas, nw. Ecua-
dor (two d" Rio Bogota; one cT, four 9 9 Bulun), we have examined two from Bar-
bacoas in the American Museum of Natural History. — C. E. H.

322 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Urotomus SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., i, No. 3, Oct. 1824, p. 302; idem, 1. c., 3,

No. 10, 1827, p. 160 (type by subs, desig., STRICKLAND, Ann. Mag. Nat.

Hist., 13, 1844, p. 416, Urotomus formicivorus GMELIN = Formicarius tor-

quatus BODDAERT).
Rhopoterpe CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13, (i), 1847, p. 228 (type by subs, desig.,

Gray, 1855, Formicarius torquatus BODDAERT).
Rhopotera DES MURS in Castelnau, Exp&I. Am6r. Sud, Ois., livr. 18, June 1856,

p. 53 (emendation of Rhopoterpe CAB.).

*Myrmornis torquata (Boddaert). CAYENNE ANTTHRUSH.

Formicarius torquatus BODDAERT, Tabl. PI. enl., 1783, p. 43 (based on "Le
Fourmillier, de Cayenne" Daubenton, PI. enl., 700, fig. i ; = cf ad.).

TurdusformicivorusGitELix, Syst. Nat., i, (2), 1789, p. 828 (based on the same) .

Formicivorus palikour TEMMINCK, Cat. syst. Cab. d'Ornith., 1807, p. 93 (new
name for Turdus formicivorus GMELIN).

Myioturdus palikour MENETRIES, M6m. Ac. Sci. St. Petersb., (6th ser.), 3,
Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 470 ("Province de Bahia. . .tu6 par Freyreiss"^
descr. o", habits); CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i, 1921,
p. 22 (no longer in Petrograd Museum).

Rhopoterpe torquata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 275 (Cayenne; descr. <?,
9 ) ; PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 90 (Barra do Rio Negro [ = Manaos] ; Borba,
Rio Madeira); ALLEN, Bull. Essex Inst., 8, 1876, p. 80 (Santarem); SALVIN,
Ibis, 1885, p. 429 (Bartica Grove, Canaacusa); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 298 (Cayenne; Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Demerara; Sarayacu,
e. Ecuador); RIKER and CHAPMAN, Auk, 8, 1891, p. 29 (Santarem) ; JHERING,
Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 217 (range); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908,
p. 163 (Ipousin, Rio Approuague, French Guiana); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool.,
17, 1910, p. 366 (Maroins, Rio Machados); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55,
!9°7, P- 287 ("Monte Alegre" = Cussary) ; idem, 1. c., 56, 1908, p. 513 (Villa
Braga, R. Tapajoz), 533 (Alcobaga, R. Tocantins); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi,
8, 1914, p. 313 (Peixe-Boi, Para; Alcobaca, Arumatheua, R. Tocantins; Cus-
sary; Villa Braga, R. Tapaj6z).

Rhopoterpe torquata torquata CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916,
p. 291 (Suapure, Caura R., Venezuela); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 36, 1917, p. 388 (La Morelia, se. Colombia); BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life,
i, 1917, p. 132 (Bartica).

Myrmornis torquata torquata CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 51 (British
Guiana).

Rhopoterpe torquata tragicus CHERRIE, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, 1916,
p. 184 (Rio Roosevelt, n. Matto Grosso; type in American Museum Nat.
Hist, examined by C. E. H.).

Rhopoterpe torquata aequatorialis CHUBB, Bull. Biit. Orn. Cl., 38, June 1918, p. 85
(Sarayacu, e. Ecuador).

Range: French and British Guiana; eastern Venezuela (Caura
Valley); southeastern Colombia (La Morelia, Terr, del Caqueta);
eastern Ecuador (Sarayacu); northern Brazil, from Para west to

IQ24- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 323

Manaos and the Rio Madeira, south to northern Matto Grosso (Rio
Roosevelt);* (?) also eastern Brazil (Prov. Bahia).b

i: British Guiana (Mazaruni River i).

Myrmornis stictoptera (Salviri).0 RICHARDSON'S ANTTHRUSH.

Rhopoterpe stictoptera SALVIN, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., I, No. 6, Feb. 1893, p. 32
(Santo Domingo, Nicaragua); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 367, in
text (characters; Matagalpa, Rio Grande, Nicaragua); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S.
Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 139 (Santo Domingo, Chontales, Nicaragua);
BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, No. 6, 1922, p. 209 (Mt.
Sapd, Rio Esnape, Jesusito, Darien).

Range: Nicaragua (Santo Domingo; Rio Grande; Tuma, Mata-
galpa) and Darien, eastern Panama (Mt. Sapo, Rio Esnape, Jesusito).
Not yet recorded from Costa Rica.

Genus PITTASOMA Cassin.

Pittasoma CASSIN, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 189 (type by monotypy,

Pittasoma michleri CASSIN).
Calobamon HEINE and REICHENOW, Nomencl. Mus. Hein., 1890, p. 123 (new

name for Pittasoma on grounds of purism).

• Comparison of twelve specimens from French and British Guiana with the
type of R. t. tragicus and eleven examples from the Rio Machados, which from
geographical reasons should belong to this newly separated race, fails to disclose
any constant difference. The alleged wider extent of the light wing bar is due to
the fact, overlooked by Geo. K. Cherrie, that the outermost primary is missing, on
.both wings, in the type specimen of tragicus. It is just possible that in Brazilian
birds the white bar on the inner web of the outer remiges averages slightly broader
and is more frequently present on the second primary (counting from without)
than in those from the Guianas, but its extent and width are subject to much indi-
vidual variation. The same remark applies to the other color characters of the
female, individuals with brownish or slate gray chest, uniform black or white spotted
cheeks, being represented both among the Guianan and Brazilian series. A pair
from Sarayacu, e. Ecuador (topotypical of aequatorialis), do not differ either, except
that the under parts of the male are just a slight shade darker gray.

The wing measures in specimens from: Guiana, 89^2-97; Para (9) 93/4; Sara-
yacu, e. Ecuador 96 (cf), 98 (9); Maroins (Rio Machados) 91-100; Rio Roosevelt
(Matto Grosso) 92 ( 9 ).

Material: Two 0*0", two 9 9 French Guiana; four d"d\ five 9 9 British
Guiana; one 9 Para; one d", one 9 Sarayacu, e. Ecuador; four cfo", seven 9 9
Maroins, Rio Machados; one 9 Rio Roosevelt. — C. E. H.

b Though not found in e. Brazil in recent years, M6n6tries expressly states that
his example (which, according to Chrostowski, is no longer in the Petrograd Museum)
was obtained in the Province of Bahia by the traveller Freyreiss, who travelled
extensively in se. Brazil, but did not visit any section of Amazonia. — C. E. H.

« Myrmornis stictoptera (SALVIN) : Differs from M . torquata, with which it may
be conspecific, by much duller rufescent pileum (with distinct blackish edges to the
feathers), upper and under tail coverts, olive brown instead of rufous brown tail,
and bright buff (not pure white) wing band and under wing coverts, the latter
without black barring. Wing (two d* d") 90, 94, ( 9 ) 91 ; tail 36-38; bill 22-24. Two
cf d", one 9 from Nicaragua in Tring Museum examined by C. E. H.

324 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

*Pittasoma michleri michleri Cassin. MICHLER'S ANTPITTA.

Pittasoma Michleri CASSIN, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 189 (River Truando,
nw. Colombia); idem, 1. c., 1864, p. 287, pi. 3 (fig. of type); LAWRENCE, Ann.
Lye. Nat. Hist., 7, 1862, p. 326 (Lion Hill, Panama); SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1867, p. 146 (Santa F6 de Veragua); idem, 1. c., 1870, p. 196 (Calovevora,
Veragua); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 309 (Panama; Santa Fe,
Veragua); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 237
(Rio Truando, Panama, Veragua) ; SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino,
14, No. 339, 1899, p. 7 (Laguna del Pita, Darien).

Pittasoma michleri michleri RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 141
(monogr., synon. ; nw. Colombia, Rio Truando; Panama; Veragua); STONE,
Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phil., 70, 1918, p. 262 (Gatun, Canal Zone); BANGS and
BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, 1922, p. 209 (Mt. Sap6, Darien).

Range: Panama (Calovevora, Santa F6, Veragua»; Lion Hill Sta-
tion, Gatun, Canal Zone; Laguna del Pita, Mount Sap6, Darien) and
northwestern Colombia (Rio Truando).

i: Panama.

Pittasoma michleri zeledoni Ridgway. ZELEDON'S ANTPITTA.

Pittasoma michleri zeledoni RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 6, April 1884, p. 414
(Rio Sucio, Costa Rica); ZELEDON, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887,
p. 115 (Jimenez); CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., i, 1910, p. 626 (Jimenez,
Turrialba, Carrillo, Rio Sicsola, Caribbean foothills of Costa Rica; habits);
RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 142 (Costa Rica).

Pittasoma zeledoni SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 310 (Costa Rica);
SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 233 (Rio Sucio,
Jimenez).

Range: Eastern Costa Rica.

*Pittasoma rufopileatum rufopileatum Hartert.b RUFOUS-CROWNED
ANTPITTA.

Pittasoma rufopileatum HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 8, 1901, p. 370 (Bulun [type],
Salidero, Rio Bogota, Prov. Esmeraldas, nw. Ecuador; spec, in Tring Museum
examined by C. E. H.); idem, 1. c., 9, 1902, p. 615, pi. 8, fig. i ( = o" ad.),
2 ("juv."= 9 ad.); HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1176 in text (crit.;
sexual differences).

• No specimens from Veragua seen by C. E. H.

b Pittasoma r. rufopileatum HARTERT: The adult male has the superciliary stripe
uniform black, and the under surface of the body (except the flanks) regularly
barred with black and white, the black markings on the throat being often broken
and less pronounced. The female has the supraloral and superciliary region white,
edged with black; the apical spots to the upper wing coverts buff instead of white;
the back more brownish, and the under parts, posterior to the throat, bright ochra-
ceous, with narrow, irregular, olive blackish cross lines on foreneck and sides of
breast. Wing (eight o"o") 96-99, (two 9 9) 93; tail 30-34; bill 25-26^. Since
writing about this bird, I have seen several (apparently adult) males with a decided
buff tinge on the under parts, thus pointing to the next form. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 325

Range: Northwestern Ecuador, Prov. Esmeraldas (Bulun, Sali-
dero, Rio Bogota, Rio Durango, Rio Sapayo, alt. 160 to 450 feet).

i: Ecuador (Bulun i).

Pittasoma rufopileatum harterti Chapman.* HARTERT'S ANTPITTA.

Pittasoma harterti CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 392
(Barbacoas, Narino, sw. Colombia).

Range : Southwestern Colombia, south of the Rio Patia (Barbacoas,
Narino).

Pittasoma rufopileatum rosenbergi Hellmayr.b ROSENBERG'S ANT-
PITTA.

Pittasoma rosenbergi HELLMAYR, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., 2, No. 14, April 1911,
p. 51 (Sipi, Rio Sipi, Choc6, w. Colombia; descr. cf); idem, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1911, p. 1175 (Sipi); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917,
p. 392 (Baudo, Ndvita, Noanama, Choc6; descr. 9).

Range: Western Colombia, from the Rio San Juan north to Baudo
(3,500 feet).

Genus GRALLARICULA Sclater.

Grallaricula SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 283 (type by subs, desig.,
Sclater, 1890, Grallaria flav irostris SCLATER).

*Grallaricula flavirostris flavirostris (Sclater). ° YELLOW-BILLED GRAL-
LARICULA.

Grallaria flavirostris SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 68 (Rio Napo, e. Ecua-
dor; type in British Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Grallaricula flavirostris SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 283 (Rio Napo;
"Bogota"); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 326 (part; spec, a-i, Rio
Napo, Baeza, Sarayacu, e. Ecuador; Bogotd).

• PiUasoma rufopileatum harterti CHAPMAN: Male similar to P. r. rufopileatum,
but entire under parts ochraceous orange, more or less regularly barred with black,
except on flanks and thighs; female with superciliary stripe ochraceous orange and
black; wing shorter. Wing (d") 88^-90^, ( 9 ) 92; tail 29^-32; bill 26^-28.

b Pittasoma rufopileatum rosenbergi HELLMAYR: Male with throat and sides of
head only deep ochraceous, rest of under parts unmarked dull brownish olive, mid-
dle of breast and abdomen buffy white; female with superciliary region striped
with white. Wing (o*) 97; tail 34; bill 24^. No female seen by C. E. H.

e The races of G. flavirostris are far from being satisfactorily established, owing
to the scarcity of material in scientific collections and to the wide amount of individ-
ual variation within the same locality. Several specimens from e. Ecuador and two
"Bogota" skins agree with the type in having the under parts mostly white, only
the throat and chest tinged with ochraceous buff; the chest strongly marked with
blackish squamulations; the flanks pale fulvous brown, irregularly edged with sooty;
they differ, however, by their pale brown (instead of yellow) maxilla. — C. E. H.

326 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Range: Eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo, Baeza, Sarayacu) and eastern
slope of eastern Andes of Colombia ("Bogota" coll.).

i: Colombia ("Bogota" i).

Grallaricula flavirostris boliviana Chapman.* BOLIVIAN GRALLARI-
CULA.

Grallaricula boliviana CHAPMAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, Dec. 1919, p. 257
(Incachaca, Prov. Cochabamba, Bolivia).

Range: Subtropical zone of the Bolivian Andes (San Antonio,
Yungas of La Paz; Incachaca, Prov. Cochabamba).

Grallaricula flavirostris zarumae Chapman* ZARUMA GRALLARICULA.

Grallaricula flavirostris zarumae CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Nov., No. 31, March
1922, p. 7 (near Zaruma, Prov. del Oro, sw. Ecuador).

Range: Subtropical zone of Prov. del Oro, southwestern Ecuador
(Zaruma; El Chiral, Santa Rosa-Zaruma Trail).

Grallaricula flavirostris ochraceiventris Chapman.6 OCHREOUS-

BREASTED GRALLARICULA.

Grallaricula flavirostris ochraceiventris CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Nov., No. 31.
March 1922, p. 6 (Cocal, w. Andes of Colombia).

• Grallaricula flavirostris boliviana CHAPMAN: A single male (from San Antonio,
w. Yungas, Aug. 21, 1895, G. Garlepp, in Berlepsch Collection) differs from five
flavirostris, as characterized above, by slightly brighter, brownish olive upper parts,
less grayish crown, more blackish mottling on sides of head, and darker, brownish
black maxilla. The under parts are exactly the same in both races, the throat being
white, tinged with ochraceous buff and streaked with blackish; the foreneck plain
white; the chest ochraceous buff with heavy scaly markings of black; the abdomen
white, tinged with fulvous on flanks. Wing 66; tail 32; bill 13. More material is
urgently required to establish the status of this form. — C. E. H.

b Grallaricula flavirostris zarumae CHAPMAN: "Similar to G. f. ochraceiventris,
but the ochraceous areas yellower, less orange ochraceous; that of the forehead,
loral and ocular region less pronounced, the auriculars more olivaceous; black ante-
orbital crescent stronger; maxilla yellow rather than dark brown. Differing from
G. f. flavirostris in having the back light brownish olive rather than Dresden brown ;
the breast practically unstreaked; the abdomen ochraceous; the maxilla yellow.
Wing (cf ) 65, ( 9 ) 65; tail 25; bill 15." Unknown to the authors.

6 Grallaricula flavirostris ochraceiventris CHAPMAN: Differs from G. f. flavirostris
in the much more intense colour of the ochraceous areas on sides of head, throat,
chest and sides of body, with but slight traces of dusky olive edges to some of the
lateral chest feathers. By the reduction of the dusky markings beneath, this form
approaches G. f. costaricensis, from which it may, however, easily be distinguished
by larger size, much paler, more olive upper parts, and much lighter tone of all the
ochraceous areas. Wing 66-72; tail 26-28; bill 14. Besides two specimens from
w. Colombia, labelled — no doubt erroneously — "N6vita," I have examined a
"Quito" skin and one of the ordinary "Bogota" make which seem to indicate that
this form is rather widely distributed in Colombia. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 327

Crallaricida costaricensis (not of LAWRENCE) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 36, 1917, p. 399 (Cocal, San Antonio, w. Colombia); L6NNBERG and
RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, 1922, p. 68 (Mindo, w. Ecuador).

Range: Western Andes of Colombia (Cocal, San Antonio), and
apparently adjoining portions of northern Ecuador.

Grallaricula flavirostris brevis Nelson.*' MOUNT PIRRI GRALLARICULA.

Grallaricula flavirostris brevis NELSON, Smithson. Misc. Coll., 60, No. 3, Sept.
1912, p. 12 (Mt. Pirri, near head of Rio Limon, e. Panama).

Range: Subtropical zone of Mt. Pirri, eastern Panama.

Grallaricula flavirostris costaricensis Lawrence. COSTA RICA GRAL-
LARICULA.

Grallaricula costaricensis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 8, 1867, p. 346
(Barranca, Costa Rica); SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 146 (Cordillera de
Tol6, Veragua) ; idem, I.e., 1870, p. i96(Calovevora,Veragua; Chitra, Chiriqui) ;
RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus. 6, 1883, p. 415 (Navarro, Costa Rica); idem,
Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 145 (Costa Rica and w. Panama).

Grallaricula flavirostris costaricensis CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1913,
p. 630 (Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Volcan de Turrialba, Costa Rica; habits).

Grallaricula flavirostris (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 326 (part; spec, j-m, Cordillera de Tole, Calovevora, Veragua; Buena
Vista, Costa Rica); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Cent.-Americ., Aves, 2,
1892, p. 245 (part; Costa Rica, w. Panama).

Grallaricula vegeta BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, 1902, p. 42 (Caribbean
slope of Volcan de Chiriqui). b

Range: Costa Rica (probably only on the Caribbean slopes) and
western Panama (Chitra, Volcan de Chiriqui; Cordillera de Tote,
Calovevora, Calobre, Veragua).

Grallaricula ferrugineipectus (Sclater). RUSTY-BREASTED GRALLARI-
CULA.

Grallaria ferrugineipectus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, Oct. 1857, p. 129 (vicinity
of Caracas, n. Venezuela; type in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Grallaricula ferrugineipectus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 284 (monogr.;
Caracas); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 326 ("San Esteban," Ven-
ezuela); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 13, 1900, p. 159 (La Nubes,

• Grallaricula flavirostris brevis NELSON: This race, which we have not seen, is
stated to differ from G. /. costaricensis by more olivaceous back and more grayish
crown. It is known only from four specimens taken on the Pacific slope of Mount
Pirri in Panama.

b Two birds from Veragua (Calobre and Calovevora) appear to me to be indis-
tinguishable from four Costa Rican skins (one o", two 9 9 Cariblanco de Sarapiqui;
one 9 , Cachi, April 29, 1900, F. C. Underwood) in the Tring Museum. — C. E. H.

328 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Santa Marta Mts.); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Phil. Paris,
(9th ser.), 8, 1906, p. 58 (Caracas; type); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 20, 1913,
p. 248 (crit. ; Caracas, "Ejido" near Meiida; Chirua, Sta. Marta Mts.);
TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 1922, p. 301 (Las Vegas,
Cincinnati, Pueblo Viejo, Sta. Marta Mts.; habits, nest and egg descr.).

Conopophaga browni BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, 1899, p. 100 (Chirua,
Sta. Marta Mts. ; topotypes examined by C. E. H.).

Conopophaga sp. BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, 1898, p. 159 (Pueblo Viejo,
Sta. Marta Mts.).

Range: North coast mountains of Venezuela (Galipan, Cerro del
Avila, near Caracas, and probably other ranges6) and Santa Marta
Mountains in northern Colombia. b

Grallaricula rara Hellmayr and Madardsz.0 RUFOUS-BREASTED GRAL-
LARICULA.

Grattaricula rara HELLMAYR and MADARASZ, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., 12, Part i,
June 1914, p. 88 ("Llanos of Medina," Dept. Cundinamarca, e. Colombia*1).

Range: Eastern Andes of Colombia (Bogotd coll. ; "Medina").

*Grallaricula nana nana ( Lafresnaye) . SLATE-CROWNED GRALLARI CULA .

Grallaria nana LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 5, 1842, p. 334 (Colombia = Bogotd).

Conopophaga nana SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 145 (Bogota).

Grallaricula nana SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 284 (monogr.; Bogota);
SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1879, p. 527 (Santa Elena, Antioquia); SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 327 (part; spec, a-h, Bogota, Medellin, Santa
Elena, Colombia); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 400
(Laguneta, Salento, western slope of c. Andes).

Grallaricula nana nana HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, 1917, p. 118 (crit.;
Bogota; El Escorial, El Valle, Culata, Andes of Merida).

• There is, in fact, a specimen labelled "San Esteban, A. Goering" in the British
Museum, and another from "Ejido, Venezuela, March 1894, A. Mocquerys" at
Tring. Both localities require confirmation. — C. E. H.

b Fourteen specimens from Galipan, Cerro del Avila, near Caracas, secured by
S. M. Klages; the type from "Caracas"; one from "Ejido near Meiida"; and two
from Chirua, Santa Marta Mountains, examined by C. E. H.

0 Grallaricula rara HELLMAYR and MADARASZ: Similar to G. ferrugineipectus,
but top and sides of the head deep rufous brown; upper back somewhat duller rufous
brown than crown (in G. ferrugineipectus the crown and back are light olivaceous
brown, with a slight buffy ochraceous tinge on the forehead; the sides of the head
pale ochraceous); throat, breast and sides much deeper, ferruginous rather than
ochraceous, with the white jugular spot barely apparent. Wing 69; tail 32; bill
i3>£. Probably subspecifically related to G. ferrugineipectus. — C. E. H.

d The type, although labelled by the collector Bardy, "Colombia, Dept. Cun-
dinamarca, Medina (Llanos), Dec. 1912", looks like a "Bogota" skin, and the note
"Llanos" leads me to question the correctness of the locality, since all other members
of the genus are birds of the dense, humid forests. Besides the type, I have exam-
ined a second example of the well-known "Bogota" make in the collection of the
Paris Museum. — C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 329

Range: Central and eastern Andes of Colombia, and Andes of
western Venezuela (Paramo de Tama; Culata, El Valle, El Escorial,
Andes of Me"rida).*

3: Colombia (Paramo de Tama 2); Venezuela (Sierra of Me*rida i).

Grallaricula nana olivascens Hellmayr* CARACAS GRALLARJCULA.

Grallaricida nana olivascens HELLMAYR, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, No. i, Feb.
1917, p. 117 (Galipan, Cerro del Avila, near Caracas, n. Venezuela).

Range: Northern Venezuela (Galipan, Cerro del Avila, near Caracas).

Grallaricula nana cumanensis Hartert.0 BERMUDEZ GRALLARICULA.

Grallaricula cumanensis HARTERT, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, n, Dec. 1900, p. 37 (Los
Palmales, Bermudez, ne. Venezuela; type in Tring Museum examined by
C. E. H.).

Grallaricula nana cumanensis HELLMAYR, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, 1917, p. 118,
119 (crit.).

Range: Northeastern Venezuela, in State of Bermudez (Los Pal-
males, San Antonio, mountains inland of Cumana).

Grallaricula nana kukenamensis Chubb.d KUKENAAM GRALLARICULA.

Grallaricula nana kukenamensis CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, June 1918, p. 86
(Kukenaam Mts., British Guiana); idem, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 86
(same locality).

Grallaricula nana (not of LAFRESNAYE) SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 430 (Kukenaam) ;
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 327 (part; spec, i, Kukenaam).

Range: British Guiana (Kukenaam Mountains).

• Birds from the Andes of Merida agree with one from "Bogota," while two other
"Bogota" skins are conspicuously darker, both above and below. A good series of
fresh specimens from the type locality should be compared.— -C. E. H.

b Grallaricula nana olivascens HELLMAYR: Similar to G. n. nana, but averaging
smaller, with slenderer bill; upper parts much paler, greenish olive instead of oliva-
ceous or russet brown; crown rather paler slate gray. Wing (six o"o") 68-71, (five
9 9) 67-70; tail 33-38; bill 13^-15-— C. E. H.

« Grallaricula nana cumanensis HARTERT: Differs from both of its allies by much
darker, more cinnamon rufous coloration on sides of head, throat, chest and flanks;
much more extensive pure white abdominal area; more conspicuous white jugular
patch; by lacking the dusky mottling on cheeks and throat; besides, the tail is
shorter, the bill broader. Wing (one o") 68, (two 9 9) 64, 67; tail 31, 28, 28; bill
15.— C. E. H.

d Grallaricula nana kukenamensis CHUBB: Differs from G. n. nana of Bogota,
according to its describer, by being paler and inclining to ash gray on head and
nape; back and wings paler, and "ochraceous brown" instead of "chocolate brown";
feathers round the eye ferruginous instead of black; throat and abdomen paler
ferruginous; thighs pale ferruginous instead of dusky; and by smaller size. Wing
(one 9 ) 62; tail 28; bill 13. Unknown to the authors. It remains to be seen how
this (probably valid) race differs from G. n. cumanensis, to which no reference is
made in the original description.

330 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Grallaricula loricate (Sclater). LEVRAUD'S GRALLARICULA.

Grallaria loricata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, Oct. 1857, p. 129 (Venezuela,
vicinity of Caracas; type in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Grallaricula loricata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 284 (monogr. ; Caracas) ;
SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1868, p. 628, 630 (Cumbre de Valencia); SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 327 ("San Esteban"= Cumbre de Valencia);
MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Phil. Paris, (gth sen), 8, 1906, p. 58
(Caracas; type); HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5,
1912, p. 135 (Cumbre de Valencia).

Range: Coast mountains of northern Venezuela, in State of Cara-
bobo (Cumbre de Valencia) and in Dept. Federal Occidental (Silla
de Caracas).*

Grallaricula peruviana Chapman* PERUVIAN GRALLARICULA.

Grallaricula peruviana CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 96, Nov. 1923, p. u
(Chaupe, 6,100 ft., northwest of Huancabamba, Dept. Piura, nw. Peru).

Range: Northwestern Peru, eastern Piura (Chaupe, near Huanca-
bamba).

Grallaricula cucullata (Sclater).0 HOODED GRALLARICULA.

Conopophaga cucullata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, June 1856, p. 29, pi. 119
("Bogotd"; type in British Museum examined by C. E. H.); idem, 1. c.,
26, 1858, p. 287 (monogr.; Bogota).

Grallaricula cucullata SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 527 (Santa
Elena; crit., eggs descr.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 327
(Bogota; Santa Elena, Antioquia); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
36, 1917, p. 400 (La Candela, near head of Magdalena Valley).

Range: Subtropical zone of Colombia (Rio Lima, western Andes;
Santa Elena, La Candela, central Andes; "Bogota"). d

• The type and a female from Silla de Caracas (4,500 ft. elev.) agree well with a
series of fifteen from the Cumbre de Valencia. — C. E. H.

b Grallaricula peruviana CHAPMAN: "Most nearly related to G. loricata, but
throat white instead of ochraceous tawny; its lateral dark olive lines as broad or
broader than the white malar stripes; ear coverts Dresden brown, instead of ochra-
ceous tawny, crown and back duller; lower mandible blackish instead of yellowish.
Wing (one cf) 70; tail, 31 ; bill, i6y£." (Chapman, 1. c.) This form, which I have not
seen, appears to be exceedingly close to G. loricata. With the exception of the black-
ish mandible, all of the color characters are bridged over by individual variation in
the Venezuelan bird. In fifteen examples from La Cumbre de Valencia the throat
varies, regardless of sex, from white (but slightly tinged with yellowish laterally) to
ochraceous; the auricular patch from ochraceous tawny to dark greenish olive; while
the dark malar and maxillary stripes are either olive blackish, broad and well defined,
or pale olive gray, narrow and broken, or even wholly absent. In view of their wide
geographic separation, G. loricata and G. peruviana are, however, not likely to prove
identical, and I expect that further material will show peruviana to be a valid race,
although it cannot be properly characterized at present. — C. E. H.

• The systematic position of this peculiar species is far from being definitely
established.

d Having seen but a few specimens of this scarce species, I am not prepared to
say whether the inhabitants of the various mountain ranges are referable to one or

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 331

Genus THAMNOCHARIS Sclater.

Thamnocharis SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 310 (type by orig. desig.,
Grallaria dignissima SCLATER and SALVIN).

Thamnocharis dignissima (Sclater and Salviri). STRIPED-SIDED ANT-
PITTA.

Grallaria dignissima SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1880, p. 160, pi. 17
(Sarayacu, e. Ecuador; type in Brit. Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Thamnocharis dignissima SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 310 (Sara-
yacu).

Range: Eastern Ecuador (Sarayacu).

Genus MYRMOTHERA Vieillof

Myrmothera VIEILLOT, Anal, d'une nouv. Ornith. 616m., Apr. 1816, p. 43 (type
by subs, desig., Sclater, 1890, "Le B6froi" of BUFFON = Formicarius brevi-
cauda BODDAERT = Myrmornis campanisona HERMANN).

Myrmothera campanisona campanisona (Hermann). LITTLE ANT-
PITTA.

Myrmornis campanisona HERMANN, Tab. Aff. Anim., 1783, p. 189, note (based

on "Le Grand B6froi," BUFFON, Hist. Nat. Ois., 4, p. 470; Cayenne).
Formucarius (sic) brevicauda BODDAERT, Tabl. PI. enl., Dec. 1783, p. 44 (based

on "Le Beffroi, de Cayenne" Daubenton, PI. enl., 706, fig. i).
Turdus tinniens GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, (2), 1789, p. 827 (based on the same).
(?) Myioturdus tinniens MENETRIES, M6m. Ac. Sci. St. P6tersb., (6th ser.), 3,

Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 469 (once "observed" near Rio de Janeiro1").
Grallaria tinniens BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 51 ( Cayenne;

"Rio de Janeiro," ex MENETRIES); LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 5, 1842, p. 334

(Cayenne; "rare i Rio de Janeiro" — ex MENETRIES).
Grallaria brevicauda SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 281 (monogr.; part,

Cayenne); idem, Ibis, 1877, p. 447 (part, Cayenne, lower Amazonia); PEL-

ZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 91 (Borba, Rio Madeira; Barra do Rio Negro

two forms. A male from Rio Lima, w. Andes, differs from two "Bogota" skins,
including the type, by decidedly brownish (instead of olive gray) back; much duller
rufescent brown crown, passing into deep rufous brown only on forehead and super-
ciliary region; duller rufescent brown (instead of cinnamon rufous) sides of head;
mostly white throat; more purely gray breast and flanks; and dusky brown upper
mandible. There is no difference in size between western and eastern examples.
Wing 69-70; tail 30-31; bill 13^, 14.— C. E. H.

• The absence of rictal bristles, the very long legs and the extremely short tail
separate the members of this genus from Grallaria, and I consider Myrmothera a
well-defined group. — C. E. H.

b This locality being very far away from the known range of the species, there
can be little doubt that M6n6tries, whose record was apparently based on mere
observation in the field and not on the actual taking of a specimen, mistook some
other species for the present one. — C. E. H.

332 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

( = Manaos), Marabitanas, Rio Negro; spec, examined by C. E. H.); SALVIN,
Ibis, 1885, p. 430 (Bartica Grove, Camacusa); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 321 (part; spec, a-d, Cayenne, Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Brit.
Guiana); MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, 1904, p. 177 (Camopi, French
Guiana); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 164 (Ipousin, Rio Approuague),
320 (Camopi) ; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 369 (Calama, Rio Madeira) ;
SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 316 (Santa Elena, Rio Jamauchim;
Obidos); BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, i, 1917, p. 132 (Bartica Grove); CHUBB,
Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 82 (British Guiana).

Range: French and British Guiana; northern Brazil, from the Rio
Jamauchim (a tributary of the Tapaj6z) and Obidos, on the north
bank of the lower Amazon, west to the Rio Madeira (Borba, Calama)
and the Rio Negro (Manaos, Marabitanas). •

*Myrmothera campanisona minor (Taczanowskt).b WESTERN LITTLE
ANTPITTA.

Grattaria minor TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 33 (Yurimaguas, n. Peru).

Grallaria brevicauda minor TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 86 (Yurimaguas,
Pebas, Chamicuros, n. Peru); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,
1917, p. 397 (La Morelia, La Florencia, se. Colombia).

Grallaria brevicauda (not of BODDAERT) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 281
(part; Rio Napo, e. Ecuador); idem, Ibis, 1877, p. 447 (part; e. Ecuador;
"Bogota"; Pebas, Chamicuros, Rio Javarri, e. Peru); SCLATER and SALVIN,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 978 (Pebas); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 277 (Pebas, Chami-
curos); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890^.321 (part; spec, e-j, "Bogota";
Sarayacu, e. Ecuador; Pebas, Chamicuros, Peru); JHERING, Rev. Mus.
Paul., 6, 1905, p. 443 (Rio Jurua); idem, Cat. F. Braz., I, 1907, p. 226 (ditto).

Grallaria tiniens (sic) (not of GMELIN) TSCHUDI, Faun. Peru., Aves, 1846, p. 182
(eastern wooded region of Peru).

• The material available for examination has not been altogether satisfactory.
Three adults from French Guiana (Rio Approuague, Camopi) and a male from Annai,
British Guiana, are decidedly russet or rufescent brown above, and have rather
large bills. Five skins from the Rio Negro (Manaos, Marabitanas), while agreeing
in coloration, differ by their decidedly smaller, slenderer bill. A single male from
Borba, Rio Madeira, is practically identical with those just mentioned, while three
others from Calama, further up that river, have more olivaceous, less russet upper
parts, and are hardly distinguishable from M . c. minor. — C. E. H.

b Myrmothera campanisona minor (TACZANOWSKI) : Differs from M . c. campani-
sona by having the upper parts lighter olivaceous brown, without any rufescent
tinge. Size by no means smaller than in the typical race.

This is rather an ill-defined form whose characters and range require further
investigation. A female from the Rio Javarri, an adult from the Rio Napo, a male
from Puerto Bermudez, and a female from Chuchurras, Dept. Huanuco, show
the racial distinction well enough, when compared with Guianan specimens,
and a single male from the Rio Jurud is also an extreme olive backed represent-
ative of minor. A second specimen from Chuchurras is much more brownish above,
and can hardly be distinguished from two of Natterer's Marabitanas birds, which,
however, may not be strictly referable to campanisona. More material is urgently
desired.— C. E. H.

1924- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 333

Range: Upper Amazonia, from southeastern Colombia (Caquetd
region) through eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo, Sarayacu) to Peru (Yuri-
maguas, Chamicuros, Pebas, Rio Javarri, Dept. Loreto; Chuchurras,
Dept. Hudnuco; Puerto Bermudez, eastern Junin), east to western
Brazil (Rio Jurud).

i: Peru (Puerto Bermudez).

Myrmothera campanisona modesta (Sclater). SCLATER'S COLOMBIAN
ANTPITTA.

Grattaria modesta SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 89, pi. 94 ("Bogotd";
type in Brit. Mus. examined by C. E. H.), 145 ("Bogotd") ; idem, 1. c., 26, 1858,
p. 281 (monogr.; "Bogota"); idem, Ibis, 1877, p. 448 ("Bogota"); idem, Cat.
B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 322 ("Bogota"); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 397 (Villavicencio, base of e. Andes, Colombia).

Range: Tropical zone at base of eastern Andes of Colombia (Villa-
vicencio).

Myrmothera simplex (Salvin and Godman).* BROWN-BREASTED ANT-
PITTA.

Grallaria simplex SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, (sth sen), 2, 1884, p. 451 (Roraima,
Brit. Guiana); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 430 (same locality); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 322 (Roraima); CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921,
p. 83 (Roraima).

Range: British Guiana (Mount Roraima).

Genus GRALLARIA Vieillot.b

Grallaria VIEILLOT, Analyse nouv. Ornith. e!6ment., 1816, p. 43 (type by orig.

desig., "Roi des Fourmilliers, BUFFON" = Formicarius varius BODDAERT).
Myioturdus BOIE, Isis, 1826, p. 972 (type Formicarius varius BODDAERT). °
Myiotrichas BOIE, Isis, 1831, p. 542 (type Formicarius varius BODDAERT). °
Hypsibemon CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13, (i), 1847, p. 217 (type by subs, desig.,

Gray, 1855, Grallaria ruficapttla LAFRESNAYE).
Chamaebates BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., 1901, p. 150 (type by monotypy,

ChamaebaUs rufiventris BERTONI = Grallaria varia imperator LAFRESNAYE).

• Myrmothera simplex (SALVIN and GODMAN): This scarce species differs from
M. c. campanisona by much deeper rufous brown upper parts and tail (the latter
being more or less olivaceous brown in M. c. campanisona and M. c. minor), and
by the edges of the foreneck being much broader and decidedly olive brown instead
of cinereous. It may be only a strongly marked race of M. campanisona, which it
obviously replaces on Mount Roraima. Two specimens examined by C. E. H.

b It appears to me impossible to maintain any of the recently proposed sections
of this genus, except Myrmothera, as the various species show every possible com-
bination of the characters used for the discrimination of Hypsibemon, Oropezus
and Hylopezus. A similar opinion has been expressed recently by W. E. Clyde Todd.
— C. E. H.

c Reference not verified. — C. E. H.

334 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Oropezus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, 1909, p. 70 (type Grallaria

rufula LAFRESNAYE).
Hylopezus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, 1909, p. 71 (type Grallaria

perspicittata LAWRENCE).

*Grallaria squamigera Prevost and Des Murs. UNDULATED ANTPITTA.

Grallaria squamigera PREVOST and DES MURS, Zool. Voyage Venus, Atlas, livr. i,
"1846" = 1842, Atlas pi. 3.

Grallaria squammigera PREVOST and DES MURS, Zool. Voyage Venus, "1855"
= 1849, p. 198 (Santa F6 de Bogota; types in Paris Museum examined by
C. E. H.).

Grallaria squamigera LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 5, 1842, p. 333 (Santa F6 de
Bogota); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 145 (Bogota); idem, 1. c., 26,
1858, p. 280 (monogr.; Bogota), 553 (Matos, Ecuador); idem, 1. c., 1860, p. 89
(Calacali, above Puellaro, Ecuador) ; idem, Ibis, 1877, p. 439 (monogr. ; Andes
from Venezuela to Bolivia) ; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 678
(Ccachupata, se. Peru); idem, 1. c., 1875, p. 235 (Sierra Nevada of Merida);
idem, 1. c., 1879, p. 625 (Tilotilo, Bolivia); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884,
p. 81 (Ccachupata, Peru; Govinda, Ecuador); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 3iz(Bogota; Sierra Nevada of Merida; Matos, San Lucas,
Calacali, Quito, Ecuador; Tilotilo, Bolivia); SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll.
Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899, p. 33 (Huaca, n. Ecuador); MENEGAUX
and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, foth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 56 (types
from Bogota; Lloa, Pichincha, Ecuador); MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. g6ogr.
Armee Mes. Arc M6rid. Eq., 9, 1911, p. B 36 (Lloa, Mozo, Pichincha,
Ecuador); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 394 (Lagu-
neta, Sta. Isabel, c. Colombia).

Range: Temperate zone of the Andes, from western Venezuela
(Sierra of Merida) and Colombia (central and eastern Andes) through
Ecuador and Peru to western Bolivia (Tilotilo, Yungas of La Paz).«

ii : Venezuela (Rio Mucuj6n i, Culata 2, Nevados i, Valle i);
Colombia (Bogotd 3); Peru (HuAnuco Mountains i, Panao Moun-
tains 2).

Grallaria excelsa Berlepsch.b ARICAGUA ANTPITTA.

Grallaria excelsa BERLEPSCH, Ornith. Monatsber., i, 1893, p. n (Montana
Aricagua, Andes of Merida, w. Venezuela; type in Coll. Berlepsch examined
by C. E. H.).

Range: Western Venezuela, Andes of Merida (Montana Aricagua).

• Examination of a considerable series from Colombia, Ecuador and Peru,
reveals no racial variation. Birds from the Andes of Merida are not different either.
— C. E. H.

b Grallaria excelsa BERLEPSCH: Superficially resembling G. squamigera, but
much larger, with much stronger, stouter bill and tarsi; general coloration above
more brownish olive; the slate gray on head restricted to hind crown and nape;
inner web of remiges conspicuously margined with ochraceous at base. Wing (one
c? ad.) 159; tail 70; tarsus 68; bill 35.

The type is the only specimen we have seen of this very distinct species. In size
and general form it is nearest to G. gigantea, but differs widely in coloration. — C. E. H.

1 92 4. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 335

Grallaria gigantea Lawrence.* GIANT ANTPITTA.

Grallaria gigantea LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, June 1866, p. 345
(Ecuador); SCLATER, Ibis, 1877, p. 439 (Ecuador); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 312 (Ecuador); SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14,
No. 362, 1899, p. 33 (Pun, east slope, Ecuador); DUBOIS, Syn. Av., i, 1900,
p. 171, pi. 4, fig. i (Ecuador); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom.
Paris, (9th ser.), 8, 1906, p. 57 (trail from Esmeraldas to Pachiial, w. Ecua-
dor; crit.); MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. gfiogr. Arm6e Mes. Arc Mend. Equat.,
9, 1911, p. B 36, pi. 3 (same locality).

Range: Andes of Ecuador (Esmeraldas - Pachijal trail, western
slope; Pun, eastern slope).

Grallaria guatimalensis ochraceiventris Nelson. NELSON'S ANTPITTA.

Grallaria ochraceiventris NELSON, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, 1898, p. 62 (San
Sebastian, Jalisco).

Grallaria guatimalensis ochraceiventris RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5,
1911, p. 151 (monogr., synon. ; sw. Mexico, in states of Jalisco, Morelos and
Guerrero).

Grallaria mexicana (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
P- 313 (part; w. Mexico); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves,
2, 1892, p. 241 (part; Omilteme, Guerrero, certe; (?) Valley of Mexico, Chim-
alpa, Ajusco, Mexico).

Range: Southwestern Mexico, in states of Jalisco, Morelos, Guer-
rero, and possibly Mexico.

Grallaria guatimalensis mexicana Sclater. MEXICAN ANTPITTA.

Grallaria mexicana SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1861, p. 381 (Jalapa, State of Vera
Cruz); idem, Ibis, 1877, p. 440 (monogr.; terra caliente of s. Mexico) ; idem,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 313 (part; Jalapa); SALVIN and GODMAN,
Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 241 (part; localities in State of Vera
Cruz).

Grallaria guatimalensis mexicana RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 191 1,
p. 150 (monogr., synon.; se. Mexico, in states of Vera Cruz and Tabasco).

Range: Southeastern Mexico, in states of Vera Cruz and Tabasco.

• Grallaria gigantea LAWRENCE: Much larger than G. squamigera, and in pro-
portions more nearly agreeing with G. excelsa, but easily recognizable from either
by having the forehead, sides of head, and entire under parts deep ferruginous
(instead of light ochraceous) ; the blackish barring below much narrower and extended
all over the abdomen; the under wing coverts nearly plain deep ferruginous; by
lacking the blackish maxillary streak, etc., etc. Wing (two o"o") 153, 161; tail 67,
69; tarsus 60, 64; bill 36^, 39. Three specimens examined. — C. E. H.

336 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

*Grallaria guatimalensis guatimalensis Prtvost and Des Murs. GUATE-
MALAN ANTPITTA.

Grallaria guatimalensis PROVOST and DES MURS, Zool. Voyage V6nus, Atlas,
livr. i, "1846" = 1842, pi. 4 (Guatemala; type in Paris Museum examined
by C. E. H.) ; LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 5, 1842, p. 334 (Guatemala); SCLATER,
P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 280 (part; Guatemala).

Grallaria guatemalensis PREVOST and DES MURS, Zool. Voyage "Venus," "1855"
= 1849, p. 199 (Guatemala); SCLATER, Ibis, 1877, p. 440 (Guatemala);
idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 313 (Guatemala); SALVIN and GOD-
MAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 240 (Guatemala; Santa Ana,
Honduras; Matagalpa, n. Nicaragua).

Grallaria guatimalensis guatimalensis RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5,
1911, p. 148 (monogr., synon.; s. Mexico, State of Chiapas; Guatemala,
Honduras, and n. Nicaragua (Matagalpa).

Range: Southern Mexico, in State of Chiapas (Tumbala), Guate-
mala, Honduras (Santa Ana) and northern Nicaragua (Matagalpa).

4: Guatemala (Vera Paz i, "Guatemala" i, Tecpam i, Sierra Sta.
Elena i).

*Grallaria guatimalensis princeps Sdater and Salvin. COSTA RICAN
ANTPITTA.

Grallaria princeps SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1869, p. 418 (Calovevora,
Veragua, w. Panama); SALVIN, 1. c., 1870, p. 196 (Volcan de Chiriqui, Calo-
vevora); SCLATER, Ibis, 1877, p. 441 (monogr.; Veragua, Chiriqui); idem,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 314 (Irazu, Costa Rica; Volcan de Chiriqui;
Calovevora, Santa Fe, Veragua); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ.,
Aves, 2, 1892, p. 241, pi. 52 (Costa Rica, Chiriqui, Veragua); BANGS, Proc.
New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, 1902, p. 42 (Boquete, Volcan de Chiriqui).

Grallaria guatemalensis princeps CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910, p. 627
(Costa Rica).

Grallaria guatimalensis princeps RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911,
p. 149 (Costa Rica and w. Panama).

Range: Costa Rica and western Panama (Volcan de Chiriqui;
Calovevora, Santa F£, Veragua).
2: Panama (Boquete, Chiriqui 2).

Grallaria guatimalensis chocoensis Chapman,'' Cnoc6 ANTPITTA.

Grallaria guatimalensis chocoensis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,
1917. P- 394 (Baudo Mts., Choc6, w. Colombia).

Range: Western Colombia (Baudo, 3.000 feet, Choco district).

• Grallaria guatimalensis chocoensis CHAPMAN: Described as resembling G. g.
princeps in general color, but with crown more olive, back richer, wings more olive,
less rufous, Tores mixed rusty and blackish rather than whitish; size much smaller.
Wing 89; tail 28; bill 22.

This obviously well-characterized race, based upon a single male from Baudo,
Choc6, Pacific Colombia, is autoptically unknown to the authors.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 337

Grallaria guatimalensis regulus Sclater. FULVOUS-BREASTED ANT-
PITTA.

Grallaria regulus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 66 (Pallatanga, w. Ecuador);
idem, Ibis, 1877, P- 44* (Ecuador); TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 232
(Tambillo, n. Peru); idem, Orn. Perou, a, 1884, p. 80 (Tambillo); BERLEPSCH
and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1884, p. 302 (Pedregal, w. Ecuador);
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 314 (part; spec, a-d, Pallatanga,
"Sarayacu," Ecuador); BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896,
p. 385 (La Gloria, Peru); MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. gfiogr. Mes. Arc Mend.
Eq-i 9, 1911, p. B 37 (Gualea, w. Ecuador).

Grallaria regulus subsp. BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, 1906, p. 119
(Huaynapata, Marcapata, se. Peru).

Grallaria fusca (not of VIEILLOT) TSCHUDI, Faun. Peru., Aves, 1846, p. 181
(eastern wooded region of Peru).

Range: Western Ecuador and Peru (Tambillo; La Gloria; Huay-
napata).8

Grallaria guatimalensis sororia Berlepsch and Stolzmann* SANTA ANA

ANTPITTA.

Grallaria sororia BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 10, 1901, p. 194 (Idma,
Santa Ana, Prov. Convencion, ce. Peru; type examined by C. E. H.); idem,
Ornis, 13, 1906, p. 94 (Idma, Santa Ana Valley).

Range: Central eastern Peru (Idma, Urubamba Valley).

*Grallaria guatimalensis carmelitae Todd.° CARMELITA'S ANTPITTA.
Grallaria varia carmelitae TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 28, Apr. 1915, p. 81
(Pueblo Viejo, Santa Marta region, n. Colombia).

• No Peruvian specimens seen. Two of Buckley's skins, said to be from "Sara-
yacu", agree with a male from Pedregal and others from w. Ecuador and are no
doubt incorrectly labelled. — C. E. H.

b Grallaria guatimalensis sororia BERL. and STOLZM. : Nearly allied to G. g. regu-
lus from w. Ecuador, but breast and abdomen much paler, though marked in a simi-
lar way; back lighter, grayish rather than brownish olive; wings and tail more
olivaceous; malar stripe and jugular space whitish instead of buff. Wing (one c?)
107^; tail 40X1 bill 22^.

I am very doubtful as to the validity of this alleged race. Both the describers
and myself had but two Ecuadorian specimens for comparison with the type, which
might possibly be a mere individual variant, since birds from other parts of Peru
(La Gloria, Huaynapata), according to Berlepsch and Stolzmann, are inseparable
from regulus. — C. E. H.

c Grallaria guatimalensis carmelitae TODD: Very similar to G. g. regulus of
w. Ecuador, but breast darker, less ochraceous, and upper parts, especially the
wings, duller, with less of a rufescent cast. Wing (nine specimens from El Valle,
Merida) 99-105; tail 35-40; bill 21-23^.

The differences between three typical regulus from w. Ecuador and nine from
the MeYida region, though slight, appear to be constant. I have not been able to
compare topotypical material from Santa Marta, but, except for a slight discrepancy
in the coloration of the upper parts, the Meiida series corresponds well to W. E. C.
Todd's characters, as given in his elaborate paper on the Ornis of the Santa Marta
region.— C. E. H.

338 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Grallaria regulus carmelitae TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14,
1922, p. 299 (Pueblo Viejo; crit.).

Range: Northern Colombia (Pueblo Viejo, Sierra Nevada of Santa
Marta) and western Venezuela (El Valle, Andes of Me'rida).

2: Venezuela (El Valle, Andes of Me'rida).

Grallaria guatimalensis aripoensis Hellmayr and Seilern* TRINIDAD
ANTPITTA.

Grallaria guatimalensis aripoensis HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.f
31, Nov. 1912, p. 13 (Aripo Mts., Trinidad).

Range: Island of Trinidad (Aripo Mountains, 2,000 to 2,200 feet).

Grallaria guatimalensis roraimae Chubb.b RORAIMA ANTPITTA.

Grallaria regulus roraimae CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 80 (Mt. Ror-
aima, Brit. Guiana; one 9).

Grallaria regulus (not of SCLATER) SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 430 (Roraima); SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., ig, 1890, p. 314 (part; spec, f, Roraima).

Range: Roraima Mountains in British Guiana.

Grallaria haplonota haplonota Sclater. PLAIN-BACKED ANTPITTA.

Grallaria haplonota SCLATER, Ibis, (4th ser.), i, 1877, p. 442 (type from "Ven-
ezuela," coll. Spence, =vicinity of Caracas; "near Puerto Cabello," n. Ven-
ezuela); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 315, pi. 17 (same localities);
BERLEPSCH and LEVERKUHN, Ornis, 6, 1890, p. 27, pi. 2, fig. 2 (Caracas) ;
HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, 1912, p. 134 (Paso
Hondo, Las Canales, Las Quiguas, Cumbre de Valencia, State of Carabobo,
n. Venezuela).

• Grallaria guatimalensis aripoensis HELLM. and SEIL. : Nearest to G. g. car-
melitae TODD (a series from the Andes of M6rida, w. Venezuela compared), but
immediately separable by lacking the compact dark brown gular patch, the throat
being mainly white or buff, with the lateral edges of the feathers only dark brown
or blackish; by the deep buff instead of whitish malar stripe; larger white jugular
space with fewer and smaller dusky spots on its lower border; more uniform as
well as deeper tawny ochraceous under parts, without any dusky and buff markings
on the chest and with but little olivaceous wash on the anterior sides; lighter gray
pileum, with the olive tinge restricted to the forehead. Wing (eleven a" o") 101-105,
(six 99) 98-105; tail 32-37; bill 22-24 (n°t 32-34, as misprinted in original descrip-
tion).—C. E. H.

b Grallaria guatimalensis roraimae CHUBB: "Differs from the type of G. r. regu-
lus in being more gray on the top of the head, nape, and hindneck; paler and more
olive brown on the back, with the dark fringes to the feathers less pronounced ; paler
and more cinnamon rufous on the outer aspect of the flight quills; ear coverts darker;
throat more streaked with white or ferruginous; foreneck ferruginous intermixed
with black instead of uniform ochreous brown; breast, abdomen and under tail
coverts paler and brighter ferruginous; and larger size. Wing (one 6") 108; tail 39;
bill 23." (Chubb, 1. c.) This race, unknown to the authors, should be compared
with G. g. aripoensis, from which it is possibly not separable.

Ip24' BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— CORY.

OO \r

O^Ti ^°vh °0ast mountains of Venezuela, in Dept Federal

ci^((c^r'^ de\Aviia' near caracas>> and^tt:

Uu- obo (Cumbre de Valencia) and Lara (mountains near Bucarito
Tocuyo), at altitudes of from 3,000 to 5,000 feet. '

Grallaria parambae ROTHSCHILD, Bull. Brit. Orn Cl n ,

a haplonota paranta* HARTEET, Nov. Zool., 29, I922, p. 396 (crit }

. Esmeraldas (Paramba,

Grallaria varia varia (Boddaert). ROYAL ANTPITTA.

Formicarius varius BODDAERT, Tabl PI enl ITS* , /K ^

FournuUiers, de Cayenne." Daubentot PI S' ^ * °D ^ ^
GHEL,N, Syst. Nat., ,. W. ,789, p. 828' (based on

I790, p. 36l (based on ^

. P. ,48, p..

^arta mna BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th Bra;

369 (Cala^a, Rio

at Ga?pL°^eS^5^rah^^^

^epublished figures, ^^SSS^SsSS^^^P?^^

by darker, more frrownwA olive uDDerd^r ™h Cumbre de Valencia differs

the loral spot buff or ochracSuJSSeaJSf wtoe^Tlf H' ****' "* by *****

^^Jis^^ss'^s^si simiiar to °- k- ***•«*>. but wii

hardly paler SETS chSf ^owonfrto^-™^^' 5* tlie thr^

fr°m

- - *•«>. ut ii

hardly paler SETS chSf ^owonfrto^-™^^' 5* tlie thr^
Tring Museum.— C. E. H y fr°m a smSle female, the type in.the

Tw:^S spSm'eS^'^etLT^^^' S?bs^-

34° FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Grallaria varia cinereiceps Hellmayr.* ASH-HEADED ANTPITTA.

Grattaria varia cinereiceps HELLMAYR, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 53, 1903,
p. 218 (Marabitanas, Rio Negro); idem, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 369, in
text (crit.); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 225 (Rio Negro).

Grallaria varia (not of BODDAERT) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 91 (Mara-
bitanas).

Range: Northwestern Brazil (Marabitanas, upper Rio Negro).

Grallaria varia intercedens Berlepsch and Leverkuhn.b INTERMEDIATE
ANTPITTA.

Grallaria imperator LAFR. subsp. nov. intercedens BERLEPSCH and LEVERKUHN,
Ornis, 6, 1890, p. 27 (Bahia; type, now in Berlin Museum, examined by
C. E. H.)

Grallaria varia (not of BODDAERT) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 315
(part; spec, i, Pernambuco).

Grallaria imperator (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER, 1. c., p. 316 (part; spec, a,
Bahia).

Grallaria varia intercedens JHERING, Cat. P. Braz., i, 1907, p. 226 (Bahia, Per-
nambuco).

Myioturdus rex (not of GMELIN) WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831, p. 1027
(Rio Grande de Belmonte, Prov. Bahia).

Range : Eastern Brazil, in states of Bahia and Pernambuco.

*Grallaria varia imperator Lafresnaye. IMPERIAL ANTPITTA.

Grallaria imperator LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 5, 1842, p. 555 ("Saint Paul" =
Prov. Sao Paulo, se. Brazil); BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856,
p. 50 (S. Paulo, Sta. Catharina); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 280
(se. Brazil; monogr.); idem, Ibis, 1877, p. 443 (monogr. ; se. Brazil); PELZELN,
Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 91 (Ypanema, Sao Paulo); BERLEPSCH, Journ. Ornith.,
21, 1873, p. 255 (Blumenau, Sta. Catharina); BERLEPSCH and JHERING,
Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, 1885, p. 151 (Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul); SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 316 (part; se. Brazil); JHERING, Rev. Mus.
Paul., 3, 1899, p. 246 (S. Paulo); idem, 1. c., 4, 1900, p. 158 (Cantagallo) ;
idem, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul para o anno 1900, 1899, p. 131
(Mundo Novo, R. Grande do Sul); DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, 1914, p. 328
(Paraguay, Misiones).

with the buff shaft streaks more clearly denned; much brighter, clear cinnamon rufous
upper tail coverts and rectrices; paler orange under wing coverts, etc. A series of
adult birds is required to confirm the constancy of these characters or otherwise. —
C. E. H.

• Grallaria varia cinereiceps HELLMAYR: The unique type ( 9 ad.) differs from
G. v. varia by generally much brighter ochraceous under parts; clear rufous brown
(instead of chocolate brown) throat and foreneck; more rufescent sides of head;
russet brown (instead of olivaceous) back and wings, etc. Wing no; tail 46;
bill 26.— C. E. H.

b Grallaria varia intercedens BERL. and LEVERK. : Similar to G. v. imperator,
but paler throughout, abdomen more distinctly banded with blackish; size consid-
erably smaller; bill shorter and paler. Wing (two adults) 120-122; tail 50-52; tar-
sus 25-26; bill 24, 25}^.— C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 341

Grallaria varia imperator JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 226 (Bauru, Alto

da Serra, Itapura, S. Paulo; Ourinho, Parana); DABBENE, El Hornero, I,

1919, p. 264 (Santa Ana, Misiones).
Chamaebates rufiventris BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., 1901, p. 150 (Diaguarasapd,

Alto Parana, e. Paraguay).

Grallaria varia rufiventris BERTONI, Faun. Parag., 1914, p. 51 (Paraguay).
Myiothera grallaria (not of LATHAM) LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus.,

1823, p. 43 (S. Paulo).
Myioturdus rex (not of GMELIN) MENETRIES, Me"m. Ac. Sci. St. P&ersb., (6th

ser.), 3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 462 (Serra d'Estrella, Prov. Rio de

Janeiro).

Myiotrichas imperatrix CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 22, 1874, P- 85 (Cantagallo).
Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande
do Sul, and adjacent portions of Paraguay (Alto Parana) and Argentina
(Prov. Misiones). *

i: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro i).

Grallaria alleni Chapman* ALLEN'S ANTPITTA.

Grallaria alleni CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 31, June 1912, p. 148
(Salento, 7,000 ft., c. Andes, Colombia); idem, 1. c., 36, 1917, p. 395, pi- 39
(same locality).

Range: Central Andes of Colombia (Salento).

Grallaria ruficeps Sclater. CHESTNUT-HEADED ANTPITTA.

Grallaria ruficeps SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., "1873," P- 729 (Antioquia = Medellin,
Colombia); idem, Ibis, 1877, p. 444, pi. 8 (Antioquia, Colombia); SCLATER
and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 526, pi. 43, fig. 5 (egg) (Medellin, Santa
Elena); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 31? (Medellin, Santa
Elena); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, P- 395 (Laguneta,
Almaguer, c. Andes; El Pinon, above Fusugasugd, e. Andes).

Range: Temperate zone of central and eastern Andes of Colombia.

Grallaria nuchalis nuchalis Sclater,' CHESTNUT-NAPED ANTPITTA.

Grallaria nuchalis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, 1859, P- 441 ("Rio Napo," e. Ecua-
dor); idem, Ibis, 1877, p. 444 (part; Rio Napo); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 317 (part; spec, a, Rio Napo).

Range: Eastern slope of the Andes of Ecuador ("Rio Napo").

• Although I have not seen Paraguayan specimens, they are not likely to be
different since birds from Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catharina agree perfectly
with those from Sao Paulo and Rio. — C. E. H.

b Grallaria alleni CHAPMAN: "Allied to G. varia (Boon.), but distinguished chiefly
by its darker upper parts, whitish unmarked belly, black markings in the malar
streak, and other characters. Wing ( 9 ad.) 1 13 ; tail 38 ; tars. 43 ; bill 25." (Chap-
man, 1. c.) We are not acquainted with this species; known only from the type
specimen.

e We are not acquainted with this race.

342 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Grallaria nuchalis obsolete Chubb.* WESTERN CHESTNUT-NAPED
ANTPITTA.

Grattaria nuchalis obsolete, CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 36, Feb. 1916, p. 47
(west side of Pichincha, Ecuador).

Grallaria nuchalis (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, Ibis, 1877, p. 444 (part; "Quito");
idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 317 (part; spec, b, c, Quito); GOOD-
FELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 66 (west side of Pichincha); MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv.
geogr. Armee Mes. Arc Merid. Equat., 9, 1911, p. B 37 (Pachijal, Esmeral-
das trail, w. Ecuador).

Range: Western slope of the Andes of Ecuador.

Grallaria rufo-cinerea Sclater and Salvin* FERRUGINOUS ANTPITTA.

Grallaria rufo-cinerea SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 526 (Santa
Elena, Antioquia, Colombia); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 317,
pi. 19 (same locality); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917,
p. 395 (Laguneta, and above Salento, near Quindiu Pass, c. Andes, Colombia).

Range: Central Andes of Colombia, in states of Cauca (Laguneta,
above Salento) and Antioquia (Santa Elena).

*Grallaria quitensis quitensis Lesson. MOUNTAIN ANTPITTA.

Grallaria quitensis LESSON," Echo du Monde Savant, n, No. 49, Dec. 26, 1844,
col. "848" =1140 ("aux alentouis de Quito", Ecuador).

Grallaria monticola LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 10, 1847, p. 68 (above Pasto,
Colombia,* coll. A. Delattre); DES MURS, Iconog. Ornith., livr. 9, 1847,
pi. 51 (Pasto, "Peru" = Colombia; figure of type); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond.,
26, 1858, p. 281 (monogr. ; part, Pasto, vicinity of Quito) ; idem, 1. c., 1860, p. 78
(Panza; Guagua, Pichincha); idem, Ibis, 1877, p. 444 (Pasto; Pichincha, Sical,
Ecuador) ; BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1884, p. 302 (Cechce,
Ecuador); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 317 (part; Pasto,
Pichincha, Quito, Sical, Ecuador) ; HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 493 (Mt.
Cayambe, Rio Guchala, near Cayambe, n. Ecuador) ; SALVADORI and FESTA,

* Grallaria nuchalis obsoleta CHUBB: "Differs from G. n. nuchalis in being olive
brown (instead of rust brown) above, with the nuchal collar more indistinct; the
crown darker, the primary quills inclining to olive instead of rufous, and the entire
under surface dark slate color instead of dusky brown with a tinge of ashy on the
abdomen. Wing, 118; tail, 61; bill, 27." (Chubb, 1. c.).

Several specimens from the west slope of Pichincha seen by us agree well with
the diagnosis, but we have not been able to compare them with typical nuchalis
from e. Ecuador. — C. E. H.

b This species is unknown to the authors.

• In view of the unmistakable description, especially of the under parts ("le
dessous du corps variS de blanchatre, de jaune d'ochre et de fauve vif"), which
cannot possibly apply to any other species, it is hardly conceivable that the iden-
tity of G. quitensis LESSON with G. monticola should not have been recognized before.
— C. E. H.

d Lafresnaye was fairly confused about the location of Pasto, which be believed
to be "in Peru," while in the Latin diagnosis "in Bolivianis Andibus" is given as
habitat of the species.

BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— CORY

343

(EI

•899, P. 5o (type; "EcdoO; GoorwT,' "• AC' N' Sci Phila-
Qu,to Ecuador); Mtafcwn

' c' And«
Va.ovie, „, I9I8, p. „,. 482 (Cechc

: Te.pe.te _ of Ecuador

de ]as
ia quitensis alticola

4: Colombia ("Bogota" 4).

ANTPITTA

Mi SCLATER, Ibis, (4th set) , ,«„
Colombia); SCLATE, Id S ''

E] Range: Westera and centra, Andes of Co,ombia (Frontino, Santa

c We have not seen this soecies.

344 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Grallaria erythroleuca Sclater. CHESTNUT-BROWN ANTPITTA.

Grallaria erythroleuca SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., "1873," p. 783 (Huasampillai
Andes of Cuzco, se. Peru); idem, Ibis, 1877, p. 445 (same locality); TACZAN-
OWSKI, Orn. PeYou, 2, 1884, p. 87 (same locality) ; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 318 (same locality); CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Mus., .117, 1921,
p. 80 (Occobamba Valley, se. Peru).

Range: Andes of southeastern Peru, Prov. Cuzco (Huasampilla,
Occobamba Valley).

Grallaria erythrotis Sclater and Salvin. RUFOUS-FACED ANTPITTA.

Grallaria erythrotis SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1876, p. 357 (Tilotilo,
w. Yungas, Bolivia); idem, 1. c., 1879, p. 625 (ditto); SCLATER, Ibis, 1877,
p. 445 (Prov. Yungas, Bolivia); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 319,
pi. 1 8 (Tilotilo, Bolivia).

Range: Western Yungas of Bolivia (Tilotilo, San Antonio, Sandil-
lani, etc.).

Grallaria milleri Chapman.* MILLER'S ANTPITTA.

Grallaria milleri CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 31, June 1912, p. 147
(Laguneta, near Quindio Pass, c. Andes, Colombia); idem, 1. c., 36, 1917,
P- 396, pi. 39 (same locality).

Range: Temperate zone of central Andes of Colombia (Quindio
Pass region).

Grallaria hypoleuca hypoleuca Sclater. WHITE-BELLIED ANTPITTA.

Grallaria hypoleuca SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, June 1855, p. 88 (Bogota;
type in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.), 145 (Bogota); idem, 1. c.f 26,
1858, p. 281 (Bogotd); idem, Ibis, 1877, p. 446 (part; Bogota); idem, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 319 (part; spec, c, Bogota); MENEGAUX and HELL-
MAYR, Bull. Soc. Phil. Paris, (9th ser.), 8, 1906, p. 58 (note on type; Bogota);
CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1916, p. 396 (San Agustin, La
Candela, head of Magdalena Valley; Fusugasuga, Aguadita, western slope
of e. Andes).

Range: Eastern Andes of Colombia ("Bogota", Fusugasuga,
Aguadita) .b

• Grallaria milleri CHAPMAN: "Apparently most nearly related to G. erythrotis,
but ear region brownish ochraceous, not ochraceous orange; breast tawny olive
instead of ochraceous; back raw umber instead of grayish olive, etc." (Chapman,
1. c.) We are not acquainted with this species.

b According to Chapman, a single bird from the head of the Magdalena Valley
is intermediate between hypoleuca and castanea.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 345

Grallaria hypoleuca castanea Chapman.* ECUADORIAN WHITE-BELLIED

ANTPITTA.

Grallaria hypoleuca castanea CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 86, Aug. 1923,
p. 8 (Baeza, e. Ecuador).

Grallaria hypoleuca (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, Ibis, 1877, p. 446 (part; San
Jos6 "near Cuenca," e. Ecuador); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 319
(part; spec, a, S. Jos6); TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885,
p. 101 (Machay, Mapoto, e. Ecuador); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 66
("Pichincha," Papallacta, e. Ecuador).

Range: Eastern slope of Andes of Ecuador (Baeza, Papallacta,
San Jose", Machay, Mapoto). b

Grallaria albigula Cliapman.0 WHITE-THROATED ANTPITTA.

Grallaria albigula CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 86, Aug. 1923, p. 8 (Santo
Domingo, Dept. Cuzco, se. Peru).

Range: Southeastern Peru, in Dept. Cuzco (Santo Domingo).

Grallaria przewalskii Taczanowski* PRZEWALSKI'S ANTPITTA.

Grallaria przewalskii TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 33 (Mt. Ray-Urmana,
above Chirimoto, Huayabamba Valley, n. Peru); idem, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884,
p. 84 (same locality).

Range: Mount Ray-Urmana, above Chirimoto, Huayabamba
Valley, east slope of eastern Cordillera, in Dept. Loreto, northern Peru.

• Grallaria hypoleuca castanea CHAPMAN: Differs from typical hypoleuca in
smaller size, in having the upper parts much deeper rufous brown, and the flanks
more strongly washed with brown. Wing 88-90 (against 90-93), tail 47-50 (against
52-54); bill 22^-2^/4. Four specimens examined by C. E. H.

b Its occurrence on the west slope requires confirmation, although some of Good-
fellow's specimens at Tring are labelled "Pichincha," and one in the American
Museum of Nat. Hist, bears the locality "Mindo."

0 Grallaria albigula CHAPMAN: "Crown, nape and auricular region between bright
Sanford's brown and burnt sienna; lores, orbital ring, and anterior malar region
white, with a slight admixture of black; back olivaceous medal bronze; upper tail
coverts and tail browner, more rufescent; wing quills externally like tail; wing cov-
erts like back; throat to lower margin of auriculars snowy white, perceptibly de-
marked from the grayer breast and under parts, which centrally and abdominally
are whiter and laterally grayer; under tail coverts grayish, washed with brownish;
tibiae like back; tarsi, toes and bill blackish. Wing (c?) 101; tail 65; tars. 55;
bill 28."

This species, unknown to the authors, is stated to resemble G. r. ruficapilla on
the upper and G. h. hypoleuca on the under parts, being in size nearer to the former.

d GraUaria przewalskii TACZANOWSKI: Above rufescent brown, with the top of
the head blackish brown; cheeks bright ferruginous; a large postocular (superciliary)
stripe of a somewhat different rufous color; throat pale buff; middle of breast and
abdomen extensively ashy, passing to Isabella color on anal region; sides and flanks
rufescent brown, paler than the back; under tail coverts rufescent; under wing
coverts rufous, inner web of remiges somewhat paler. Bill black, legs and feet pale
bluish gray. Wing (o") 97, ( 9 ) ico; tail 65, 60; tars. 51, 48; bill 29. (Translated
from the French original).

This apparently distinct species, known only from two specimens in the Warsaw
Museum, we have not seen.

346 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.
Grallaria bangs! Allen.* BANGS'S ANTPITTA.

Crattaria bangsi ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 13, 1900, p. 159 (El Libano
[type], San Lorenzo, Santa Marta Mts., Colombia); TODD and CARRIKER,
Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 1922, p. 300, pi. 4 (El Libano, San Lorenzo, San
Miguel, Heights of Chirua, Santa Marta Mts.).

Range: Santa Marta Mountains in northern Colombia.

Grallaria ruficapilla avilae Hellmayr and Seilern* CARACAS CHESTNUT-
CROWNED ANTPITTA.

Crattaria ruficapilla avilae HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., la,
No. i, May 1914, p. 92 (Galipan, Cerro del Avila, near Caracas, n. Venezuela).
Range : Mountains of northern Venezuela, in the vicinity of Caracas
(Cerro del Avila, Silla de Caracas).

*Grallaria ruficapilla nigro-lineata Sclater.* MERIDA CHESTNUT-
CROWNED ANTPITTA.

Grallaria nigro-lineata (Berlepsch Ms.) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,

p. 321 (Sierra Nevada of M6rida).

Grallaria ruficapilla (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1870, p. 781 (upper wooded region of Merida); SCLATER, Ibis, 1877, p. 447
(part; M6rida).

Range: Andes of Me'rida, in western Venezuela (Culata, Conejos,
Pedregosa, Paramo Tambor).

8: Venezuela (Culata 4, Pedregosa i, Conejos i, Nevados i, Par-
amo Tambor i).

• Grallaria bangsi ALLEN: Above dull olivaceous, more grayish on pileum, more
brownish on rump and upper tail coverts; wing coverts slightly more brownish than
the back; outer webs of remiges and tail decidedly olive brown; lores and narrow
orbital ring buffy white, the loral feathers with blackish tips; cheeks and auriculars
dark olive gray or blackish olive, more or less streaked with buffy; throat bright
ochraceous; remainder of under parts chiefly white, breast and sides with very dis-
tinct, olive gray lateral margins to the feathers, producing a strongly marked striping;
feathers of foreneck and breast, besides, edged with ochraceous; middle of abdomen
plain white; flanks deep olive gray, broadly streaked with white; under wing cov-
erts deep orange ochraceous; basal half of remiges edged with ochraceous along
inner web; bill lead color, apical third pale yellowish (in skin). Wing (two o"o")
93,95; tail 57, 58; tars. 44, 46; bill 23^.

This very distinct species is not very nearly related to any other, though its
style of coloration, especially below, suggests affinity to G. ruficapilla. — -C. E. H.

b Grallaria ruficapilla avilae HELLM. and SEIL.: Similar to G. r. nigro-lineata
of the M6rida region, but crown and nape considerably lighter cinnamon rufous,
abruptly defined posteriorly (while in its ally the darker rufous color of the fore-
head blends gradually into the dull rusty brown of the crown); back lighter and
decidedly greenish, not brownish olive; the black streaking of the under parts as in
nigro-lineata; the orange ochraceous edges to the chest feathers generally broader
and more conspicuous. Wing (eighteen o"o*) 97-100, (seven 99) 94-97! tail
53-60; bill 22-25. — C. E. H.

• Grallaria ruficapilla nigro-lineata SCLATER : Similar to G. r. ruficapilla, but
streaking below much broader and more deeply black, the lateral margins to the
feathers darker olive brown, and with very little orange ochraceous suffusion on the
chest. Twenty-six specimens examined by C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 347

*Grallaria ruficapilla ruficapilla Lafresnaye. CHESTNUT-CROWNED
ANTPITTA.

Grallaria ruficapilla LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 5, 1842, p. 333 (Santa F6 de
Bogota "in Bolivia" = Colombia) ; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 145
(Bogota) ; idem, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 282 (Bogota; "vicinity of Quito," Ecuador);
idem, 1860, p. 63, 66 (Chillanes, Chimbo Valley, Ecuador); idem, Ibis, 1877,
p. 447 (part; Colombia, Ecuador); PELZELN, Ibis, 1875, p. 331 ("Spanish
Guiana" = Bogota; spec, examined by C. E. H.) ; SCLATER and SAL VIM, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1879, p. 527, pi. 43, fig. 6 (egg) (Concordia, Santa Elena, Antioquia;
habits); BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1884, p. 302 (Cayandeled,
Cechce, w. Ecuador) ; idem, 1. c., 1885, p. 101 (San Rafael, e. Ecuador) ; SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 320 (monogr. ; Bogota, Santa Elena, Concordia,
Colombia; Sical, Chillanes, vicinity of Quito, Ecuador) ; SALVADORI and FESTA,
Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899, p. 33 (Niebli, w. Ecuador); GOOD-
FELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 66 (Intag, Mindo, w. Ecuador); MENEGAUX, Miss.
Serv. g6ogr. Arm6e Mes. Arc Mend. Equat., 9, 1911, p. B 38 (Alaspungo).

Grallaria, ruficapilla ruficapilla. CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,
1917. P- 396 (San Antonio, Cerro Munchique, La Florida, Cocal, Ricaurte,
w. Andes; Miraflores, Salento, Rio Toch6, El Eden, c. Andes; Fusugasuga,
El Roble, El Pinon, e. Andes); idem, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 86, 1923, p. 9
in text (Pichincha, above Huigra, Baeza, Ecuador; Colombia).

Grallaria ruficapilla taczanowskii DOMANIEWSKI and STOLZMANN, Compt. Rend.
Soc. Scient. Varsovie, n, 1918, p. 475, 481 (Cayandeled, w. Ecuador).

Range: Andes of Colombia (all three ranges, except Santa Marta
Mountains) and Ecuador, "at least as far south as Baeza on the east-
ern, and as far as the valley of the Chanchan on the western side."
(Chapman. 1. c.)»

3: Colombia ("Bogota" i, El Eden i, El Roble, Quindio Andes i).

Grallaria ruficapilla connectens Chapman* SOUTH ECUADORIAN

CHESTNUT-CROWNED ANTPITTA.

Grallaria ruficapilla connectens CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 86, Aug.
1923, p. 9 (Taraguacocha, 9,650 ft., Cordillera de Chilla, Prov. del Oro,
sw. Ecuador).

Range: Southwestern Ecuador, from Zaruma southward, both on
the western and eastern slopes of the coast range (Taraguacocha;
El Chiral, above Zaruma; Salvias; Guachanama, San Bartolo, Ala-
mor range; Celica).

• I quite agree with F. M. Chapman that the distinction of G. r. taczanowskii cannot
be maintained. Two years ago I compared five Ecuadorian specimens with a good
series from Colombia, but could not detect any difference between them. — C. E. H.

b Grallaria, ruficapilla connectens CHAPMAN: "Intermediate between G. r. rufi-
capilla and G. r. albiloris; differing from the former by lighter upper parts and less
heavily streaked, more fulvous under parts, with the external margins to the wings more
olivaceous, less rufescent; from the latter by slightly darker crown, more olivaceous
(less grayish) back, with more orange rufous on loral, malar, and auricular regions,
and darker, broader streaks below. (Chapman, 1. c.) Unknown to the authors.

348 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

*Grallaria ruficapilla albiloris Taczanowski.* WHITE-LORED ANTPITTA.

Grallaria albiloris TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1880, p. 201 (Cutervo and
Callacate, eastern slope of w. Cordillera, n. Peru); idem, 1. c., 1882, p. 33
(Chachapoyas, western slope of e. Cordillera); idem, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 82
(Cutervo, Callacate, Chachapoyas); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 321 (Callacate); BANGS and NOBLE, Auk, 35, 1918, p. 452 (Tabaconas).

Grallaria ruficapilla albiloris CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 86, Aug. 1923,
p. 9 in text (Levanto, Huancabamba, R. Maraflon; Palambla, Dept. Piura;
Prov. Loja, s. Ecuador).

Range: Northern Peru, on the western slope of the coast range
(Palambla, Dept. Piura) and on both sides of the Maraflon Valley
(Callacate, Cutervo, Tabaconas, Levanto, San Pedro; Chachapoyas,
Balsas), and adjacent portion of Prov. Loja, southern Ecuador.

4: Peru (Hacienda Limon, ten miles west of Balsas 2, mountains
east of Balsas, 10,000 feet, 2).

Grallaria watkinsi Chapman* WATKINS'S CHESTNUT-CROWNED ANT-
PITTA.

Grallaria watkinsi CHAPMAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, Dec. 1919, p. 255
(Milagros, Prov. Piura, nw. Peru).

Range: Western slopes of the western Cordillera in northwestern
Peru (Milagros, Prov. Piura) and adjacent portion of southern Ecua-
dor (Alamor, Prov. Loja).

*Grallaria griseonucha Sclater and Salvin. GRAY-NAPED ANTPITTA.

Grallaria griseonucha SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., "1870", p. 786
(Paramo of La Culata, Andes of M6rida); SCLATER, Ibis, 1877, p. 446
(Andes of Me>ida); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 319 (ditto).

Range: Western Venezuela, Andes of Me"rida (Culata).
i: Venezuela (Culata i).

• Grallaria ruficapilla albiloris TACZANOWSKI: Differs from G. r. ruficapilla in
decidedly white loral and malar regions, mostly white auriculars, and lighter, more
grayish olive upper parts. Fourteen specimens from the Maranon Valley examined
by C. E. H.

b Grallaria watkinsi CHAPMAN: "Nearest to G. ruficapilla albiloris TACZ., but
crown paler, more sharply denned from back, and with buff shaft streaks ; back more
olivaceous and usually with fine shaft lines; auriculars dusky; tarsi and toes pale
brown (not blackish brown) ; wings and tail averaging shorter, tarsus and bill longer.
Wing 93^-96; tail 49-53; tars. 50-55; bill 24-25."

According to Chapman, this species, autoptically unknown to the authors, occu-
pies about the same geographic range as G. ruficapilla connectens from which it thus
appears to be specifically distinct.

IQ24-

BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 349

Grallaria rufula spatiator Bangs.* WANDERING ANTPITTA.

Grallaria spatiator BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, 1898, p. 177 (Macotama,

Santa Marta Mts., Colombia).
Grallaria spiator (typog. err.) ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 13, 1900,

p. 159 (ex BANGS).
Grallaria rufula spatiator TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 1922,

p. 298 (San Lorenzo, Cerro de Caracas, Sta. Marta Mts.; ctit., habits).

Range: Temperate zone of the Santa Marta Mountains, northern
Colombia.

*Grallaria rufula rufula Lafresnaye. RUFOUS ANTPITTA.

Grallaria rufula LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 6, 1843, p. 99 ("Colombie"= Bogota);
SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 145 (Bogotd) ; idem, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 283
(Bogotd; monogr.); idem, Ibis, 1877, p. 446 (part; Colombia = Bogota) ;
BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1884, p. 303 (Cechce, w. Ecua-
dor); idem, 1. c., 1885, p. 101 (San Rafael, e. Ecuador); ALLEN, Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 75 ("Rio Napo"); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 319 (part; spec, a-i, Bogota; "Baisa," Ecuador); SALVADORI
and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899, p. 33 (Gualea, Nanegal,
w. Coraz6n, Papallacta, Ecuador) ; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 66 (Pichincha,
Papallacta) ; MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. g6ogr. Arm, Mes. Arc Mend. Equat., 9,
1911, p. B 38 (Huantupungo, Nanegal; Pachijal, Esmeraldas trail; Alas-
pungo); LONNBERG and RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, 1922, p. 68
(Pichincha, above Nono).

Oropezus rufula rufula CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 397
(Paramillo; Andes west of Popayan; Laguneta, Sta. Isabel, c. Andes; El
Pifion, Chipaque, e. Andes, Colombia).

Grallaria rufula saturata DOMANIEWSKI and STOLZMANN, Compt. Rend. Soc.
Sci. Varsovie, II, 1918, p. 474, 479 (San Rafael, eastern slope of Tunguragua;
type examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Temperate zone of the Andes of Colombia (except Santa
Marta Mountains) and Ecuador. b

8: Colombia (Bogotd 6; Paramo de Tama, on Venezuelan slope 2).

• Grallaria rufula spatiator BANGS: Stated by its describer to differ from G. r. ru-
fula in duller coloration, shorter bill and slenderer tarsus. According to W. E. C.
Todd the only constant character of this form is the soiled white (instead of decidedly
buffy) middle of the abdomen, which, however, I also find in some "Bogota" skins.
In size (wing of d" 81-83, 9 77-795 tail 40-42) it appears to agree closely with
G. r. rufula. Only four examples have so far been taken, and its claims as a valid
race should be confirmed by a larger series. — C. E. H.

b I do not see my way of distinguishing G. r. saturata from G. r. rufula. The
type from San Rafael, I admit, is somewhat deeper, more chestnut rufous above
than any other specimen seen by me. There is, however, much individual variation
in this respect, and more difference between the darkest and lightest extreme^ from
"Bogota" than between the type of saturata and the most deeply colored ' 'Bogota' ' bird.
Two specimens from the Paramo de Tama are again somewhat duller, more tawny
chestnut above and, besides, slightly smaller. Birds from Bogota and San Rafael
have the base of the mandible pale brownish, while the bill is almost entirely blackish
brown in those from w. Ecuador and Paramo de Tama, as in G. r. obscura. — C. E. H.

3so FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Grallaria rufula occobambae (Chapman).* URUBAMBA RUFOUS ANT-
PITTA.

Oropezus rufula occobambae CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 67, Apr. n,
1923, p. 8 (Occobamba Valley, Urubamba regicn, se. Peru).

Grallaria rufula (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 780
(Ccachupata, se. Peru); idem, Ibis, 1877, p. 466 (part; Ccachupata); idem,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 319 (part; spec, j, k, Ccachupata, Peru);
TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Peiou, 2, 1884, p. 88 (part; Huasampilla= Ccachupata).

Oropezus rufula obscura (not of BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN) CHAPMAN, Bull.
U. S. Mus., 117, 1921, p. 80 (above Matchu Picchu, Occobamba Valley,
se. Peru).

Range: Temperate zone of southeastern Peru (Matchu Picchu,
Occobamba, Ccachupata, Dept. Cuzco).

*Grallaria rufula obscura Berlepsch and Stolzmann.b JUNIN RUFOUS

ANTPITTA.
Grallaria rufula obscura BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896,

p. 385 (Maraynioc, Dept. Junin, c. Peru; type examined by C. E. H.);

DOMANIEWSKI and STOLZMANN, Compt. Rend. Soc. Scient. Varsovie, n,

1918, p. 480, in text (crit.).
Oropezus rufula obscura CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 67, 1923, p. 8 in

text (Maraynioc, Rumicruz, Junin).
(?) Grallaria rufula TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 88 (part; Paucal =

Nancho).

Range: Temperate zone of central Peru, in depts. Junin (Maray-
nioc, Rumicruz) and Huanuco (Panao Mountains).
i: Peru (Panao Mountains i).

*Grallaria andicola (Cabanis). STRIPED-HEADED ANTPITTA.

Hypsibemon andicolus CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 21, 1873, p. 318, pi. 4, fig. 3
(Maraynioc, Dept. Junin).

Grallaria andicola TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 531 (Maraynioc)
idem, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 85 (Maraynioc, Acancocha); SCLATER, Ibis, 1877,
p. 448 (Maraynioc); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 323 (Acancocha,
Junin); BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 385 (Ingapirca,
Junin); SALVIN, Nov. Zool., 2, 1895, p. 15 (Huamachuco, Cajamarca);
DOMANIEWSKI and STOLZMANN, Compt. Rend. Soc. Scient. Varsovie, n,
1918, p. 478, 484 (Maraynioc, Ingapirca; crit.).

• Grallaria rufula occobambae (CHAPMAN) : Very similar to G. r. rufula, but
general coloration less rufescent, particularly below; bill shorter and stouter. Bill
17-18. Two specimens examined by C. E. H.

b Grallaria rufula obscura BERL. and STOLZM. : Easily distinguished from
G. r. rufula and G. r. occobambae by larger size, slenderer bill, much duller and less
rufous (cinnamon brown instead of bright tawny) upper parts, as well as paler,
ochraceous rather than tawny ochraceous sides of head, foreneck and chest. Wing
(5 specimens) 85-90; tail 41-46; bill 18^-19^. Material: one d", two 9 9 Maray-
nioc; one 9 Rumicruz; one 9 Panao Mountains. — C. E. H.

IQ24.

BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 351

Range: Temperate zone of Peru, in depts. Cajamarca, Libertad,
Amazonas, Huanuco and Junin.

7: Peru (La Quinua, Junin 4; Huanuco Mountains 2; mountains
east of Balsas, Dept. Amazonas i).

Grallaria punensis Chubb* PUNO ANTPITTA.

Grallaria punensis CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, March 1918, p. 47 (Limbare,
n. Puno, se. Peru).

Range: Southeastern Peru, in Dept. of Puno (Limbare).

Grallaria fulviventris dives Salvin. DIVES ANTPITTA.

Grallaria dives SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1864, publ. Apr. i, 1865, p. 582 (Tucur-
riqui, Costa Rica); idem, Ibis, 1872, p. 313 (Chontales, Nicaragua); LAW-
RENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 8, 1865, p. 182 (Greytown, Nicaragua) ; idem, 1. c.,
9, 1868, p. 1 10 (Tucuniqui) ; SCLATER, Ibis, 1877, p. 450 (monogr. ; Tucurriqui,
Costa Rica; Chontales, Nicaragua); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 323 (same localities); NUTTING and RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 6, 1884,
p. 406 (Los Sabalos, Greytown, Nicaragua); CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Mus.,
14, 1891, p. 534 (Costa Rica; descr. of young); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol.
Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 243, pi. 53, fig. i (Nicaragua, Costa Rica);
RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Mus., 16, 1893, p. 504 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua).

Hylopezus dives CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910, p. 628 (Jimenez, La
Vijagua, Guacimo, Caribbean slopes of Costa Rica); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S.
Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 154 (monogr.; Caribbean slope of Costa Rica
and Nicaragua).

Range: Caribbean slope of Costa Rica and Nicaragua.

Grallaria fulviventris barbacoae (Chapman). b PACIFIC ANTPITTA.

Hylopezus dives barbacoae CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 33, 19141
p. 617 (Barbacoas, sw. Colombia); idem, 1. c., 36, 1917, p. 398 (Alto Bonito.
San Jose1, Barbacoas, w. Colombia).

Range: Tropical zone of eastern Panama (Tacarcuna) and Pacific
Colombia (Rio Sucio, Alto Bonito, south to Barbacoas).

• Grallaria punensis CHUBB: "Allied to G. andicola, but differs in having the
back, wings and tail uniform olive brown; the crown of the head darker with ferru-
ginous shaft lines; the hinder face and sides of the neck ferruginous with black
fringes to some of the feathers; a patch of ferruginous buff on lower throat; the
abdomen darker and more 'easily' streaked. Wing (9) 96; tail 42; tars. 49;
bill 20." (Chubb, 1. c.)

This species, which may be only a race of G. andicola, we have not seen.

b Grallaria fulviventris barbacoae (CHAPMAN): "Similar to G. f. dives, but crown
darker, its color extending little, if any, on to the back, which is dark olivaceous
rather than slaty; back, as a rule, without fulvous shaft streaks, exposed margins
of remiges less cinnamomeous, Dresden brown rather than tawny; differs from
G. f. fulviventris by smaller size, ochraceous instead of whitish lores, ochraceous fore-
head, etc." This form is unknown to the authors.

352 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Grallaria fulviventris caquetae ( Chapman) .» CAQUETA ANTPITTA.
Hylopezus dives caquetae CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 96, Nov. 1923,

p. 10 (La Morelia, Rio Caqueta).

Hylopezus dives fulviventris (not of SCLATER) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 36, 1917, p. 398 (same locality).

Range: Southeastern Colombia (La Morelia, Rio Caqueta).

Grallaria fulviventris fulviventris Sclater.b FULVOUS-BELLIED ANT-
PITTA.

Grallaria fulviventris SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 68 (Rio Napo, e. Ecua-
dor; type in British Museum examined by C. E. H.), 282 (do.); idem, Ibis,
1877, p. 450 (do.); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 323, pi. 20 (Rio
Napo, Sarayacu, e. Ecuador); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 370 in
text (crit.; e. Ecuador).

Range: Eastern Ecuador (Sarayacu, Rio Napo, Rio Suno).

Grallaria berlepschi Hellmayr.* BRAZILIAN ANTPITTA.

Grallaria berlepschi HELLMAYR, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 53, 1903, p. 218

(Engenho do Gama, Rio Guapor6, w. Matto Grosso); idem, Nov. Zool.,

17, 1910, p. 370 in text (characters; Matto Grosso, Bom Lugar, Rio Purvis);

JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 226 (Matto Grosso); SNETHLAGE, Journ.

Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 18 (Bom Lugar, Rio Punis; spec, examined by C. E. H.);

idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 317 (Bom Lugar, Rio Purus; Cussary,

lower Amazon).
Grallaria fulviventris ? (not of SCLATER) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 91

(Engenho do Gama).

Range: Western and northern Brazil (Engenho do Gama, Rio
Guapore*, western Matto Grosso; Bom Lugar, upper Purus; Cussary,
south bank of lower Amazon) .d

• Grallaria fulviventris caquetae (CHAPMAN): "Similar to G. f. fulviventris, but
back brownish olive instead of dark greenish olive; crown lighter, its color not
extending on to the back; lores slightly tipped with buff." (Chapman, 1. c.)

b Grallaria fulviventris fulviventris SCLATER is quite distinct from G. macularia
by lacking the ochreous yellow apical spots on the upper wing coverts, the ochreous
edges on the outer primaries and alula, the orange rim round the eye and the black
maxillary stripe; by having the cheeks and auriculars slaty blackish; the tail russet
brown instead of brownish olive; the chest deep ochraceous buff like the flanks,
not white. Both species agree, however, in the amount of black spotting on the
breast and in the dark slate gray crown. Wing (type = immature) 80, (adult, Sara-
yacu) 85 ; tail 34; bill 20. Two specimens in British Museum examined by C. E. H.

0 Grallaria berlepschi HELLMAYR: Not unlike G. f. fulviventris in coloration and
markings of under parts, but immediately recognizable by having the top of the
head pale brownish olive like the back (not dark slate gray) ; the lores, a narrow orbital
ring, cheeks and auriculars light ochreous; the maxilla light horn color instead of
blackish, etc., etc. Wing (d1 from Matto Grosso, type) 83, (9 Bom Lugar, Rio
Punis) 84; tail 35, 36; bill 20, 21. — C. E. H.

d A female from the Rio Punis differs from the type in more heavily marked
chest and russet rather than olivaceous edges to the primaries.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 353

*Grallaria perspicillata" intermedia Ridgway. TALAMANCA ANTPITTA.

Grallaria intermedia RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 6, April n, 1884, p. 406, foot-
note (Talamanca, e. Costa Rica); ZELEDON, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i,
1887, p. 115 (part; Jimenez, Costa Rica); CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Mus., 14,

1891, p. 534 (Jimenez; crit.); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ.,
Aves, 2, 1892, p. 243 (Angostura, La Balsa, Talamanca, Jimenez, San
Carlos, e. Costa Rica).

Hylopezus intermedius CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910, p. 628 (Caribbean
lowlands of Costa Rica, up to 800 or 900 ft. ; habits) ; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S.
Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 156 (monogr.; Caribbean slope of Costa Rica and
Nicaragua).

Crallaria perspicillata (not of LAWRENCE, 1862) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat.
Hist., 9, 1868, p. no (Angostura, Costa Rica); SCLATER. Ibis, 1877, p. 449
(part; spec, ex Costa Rica, coll. Carmiol = La Balsa); BOUCARD, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1878, p. 62 (San Carlos, Costa Rica); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 325 (part; spec, h, "Valza" = La Balsa, Costa Rica).

Range: Caribbean slope of Costa Rica and Nicaragua (San Emilis,
Lake Nicaragua).

2 : Costa Rica (mouth of Matina River i) ; Nicaragua (San Emilis,
Lake Nicaragua i).

*Grallaria perspicillata lizanoi Cherrie. LIZANO'S ANTPITTA.

Grallaria lizanoi CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Mus., 14, Sept. 4, 1891, p. 342 (Las
Trojas, sw. Costa Rica); idem, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Costa Rica, 6, 1893,
p. 19 (Pozo del Pital, sw. Costa Rica); idem, Expl. Zool. Merid. Costa Rica,
1893, p. 44 (Lagarto, Boruca, Terraba, Buenos Aires, sw. Costa Rica);
SALVIN and GODMAN, Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 243 (Trojas, Pozo
Azul de Pirris, sw. Costa Rica); BANGS, Auk, 24, 1907, p. 298 (Boruca, Paso
Real, Pozo del Rio Grande, sw. Costa Rica).

Hylopezus lizanoi CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910, p. 629 (Pacific slope
of sw. Costa Rica, up to about 1,500 ft.).

Hylopezus perspicillatus lizanoi RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 19".
p. 156 (monogr.; sw. Costa Rica and w. Panama).

Grallaria perspicillata (not of LAWRENCE) SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1870, p. 196
(Volcan de Chiriqui, Mina de Chorcha, Chiriqui); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 325 (part; spec, d, e, Mina de Chorcha, southern slope of
Volcan de Chiriqui); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, a,

1892, p. 242 (part; Mina de Chorcha, Volcan de Chiriqui); BANGS, Auk, 18,
1901, p. 367 (Divala, Chiriqui).

Grattaria intermedia (not of RIDGWAY) ZELEDON, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica,
i, 1887, p. 115 (part; Pozo Azul de Pirris, sw. Costa Rica).

• Grallaria perspicillata is probably conspecific with G. macularia auct. I am,
however, unwilling to change the present arrangement before the nomenclatorial
status of Pitta macularia TEMMINCK has been definitely determined. — C. E. H.

354 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Range: Pacific slope of southwestern Costa Rica (south of Pun-
tarenas) and western Panama (Mina de Chorcha, Divala, Volcan de
Chiriqui), up to about 1,500 feet.a

5: Costa Rica (Boruca i, Pozo del Pital, Rio Naranjo 4).

*Grallaria perspicillata perspicillata Lawrence. LAWRENCE'S ANTPITTA.

Grattaria perspicillata LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 7, 1862, p. 303, 326
(Lion Hill, Panama); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1864, p. 357
(Lion Hill); SALVIN, 1. c., 1867, p. 146 (Santa F6, Santiago de Veragua,
Veragua); SCLATER, Ibis, 1877, p. 449 (part; Panama, Veragua); idem, Cat.
B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 325 (part; spec, a-c, f, g, Panama, Santa F6,
Veragua); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 242,
pl- 53, fig. 2 (part; Isthmus of Panama; Santa F£, Santiago de Veragua).

Hylopezus perspicillatus perspicittatus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5,
1911, p. 155 (monogr.; part, Lion Hill, Panama, Nata, Cocl6, Santiago and
Santa F6 de Veragua).

Hylopezus perspicillata perspicillata CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
36, 1917, p. 399 (part; Rio Salaqui, lower Atrato); BANGS and BARBOUR,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, No. 6, 1922, p. 209 (Rio Esnapg, Jesusito, Darien).

Range : Central and eastern Panama (Nata, Code ; Santiago, Santa
Fe", Veragua; Canal Zone; Darien) and northwestern Colombia (Rio
Salaqui, lower Atrato).6

i : Panama.

Grallaria perspicillata pallidior (Todd}.° NORTH COLOMBIAN ANTPITTA.

Hylopezus perspicillatus pallidior TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, July 1919,

p. 115 (El Tambor, Santander, ne. Colombia).
Hylopezus perspicillata perspicillata. (not of LAWRENCE) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer.

Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 399 (part; Puerto Valdivia, lower Cauca,

Colombia).

Range: Northern Colombia, in states of Santander (El Tambor,
Rio Lebrija, lower Magdalena) and Antioquia (Puerto Valdivia, lower
Cauca).

a RIDGWAY (Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 155, 156) records both G. p. Us-
anoi and G. p. perspicillata from Divala, Chiriqui. The two specimens from Chiri-
qui examined appear to me to be decidedly referable to lizanoi, if this form be con-
sidered worthy of recognition at all. Bangs and Barbour (1. c.) have already cast
doubts on its validity.— C. E. H.

b While the single male from Veragua examined by me is an extreme example of
perspicillata with strongly streaked back, a better series is required for the proper
allocation of the birds of that region. — C. E. H.

0 Grallaria perspicillata pallidior (Tooo): "Similar to G. p. perspicillata, but
decidedly paler throughout; the wing markings and sides of head paler buffy; the
pileum duller gray; the back lighter olive green." (Todd, 1. c.) The characters of
this form were already alluded to by F. M. Chapman, when commenting on a
specimen from Puerto Valdivia.

IQ24-

BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY. 355

*Grallaria perspicillata periophthalmica Sahadori and Festa* FESTA'S
ANTPITTA.

Grallaria periophthalmica SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 13, No. 330,
1898, p. 2 (Rio Peripa, w. Ecuador; type in Turin Museum examined by
C. E. H.); idem, 1. c., 14, No. 362, 1899, P- 34 (Rio Peripa).

Crallaria perspicillata periophthalmica HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 614
(Lita, Pambilar, Bulun, S. Javier, Prov. Esmeraldas, nw. Ecuador; spec,
examined by C. E. H.).

Hylopczus perspicillata periophthalmica CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
36, 1917, p. 398 (Baudo, 3,500 ft.; Barbacoas, w. Colombia).

Grallaria perspicillata (not of LAWRENCE) HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 493
(Cachavi, Prov. Esmeraldas, nw. Ecuador; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Range : Pacific slopes of western Colombia (from the Baudo Moun-
tains southwards) and western Ecuador (Prov. Esmeraldas; Rio
Peripa), from sea level up to 3,500 feet.

3: Ecuador (Carondelet i, Bulun, Prov. Esmeraldas 2).

Grallaria macularia macularia (Temminck). SPOTTED ANTPITTA.

Pitta macularia TEMMiNCK,b Rec. PI. col., livr. 85, 1823, Genre Breve, esp. n

(p. 4 of text) ("le Br6sil").
Colobathris macularia CABANIS in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, 1848,

p. 685 (Pomeroon River, Brit. Guiana).

Grallaria macularia LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 5, 1842, p. 334 (ex TEMMINCK);
BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 50 (ex TEMMINCK) ; SCLATER,
P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 282 (monogr. ; Brit. Guiana) ; idem, Ibis, 1877, p. 449
(part; Brit. Guiana); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 430 (Bartica Grove, Camacusa,
Merum6 Mts., Atapurow R., Brit. Guiana); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868,
p. 91, note 5 (part; Cayenne); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 324
(part; spec, a-g, Brit. Guiana, Oyapoc, Cayenne); MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus.
Paris, 10, 1904, p. 177 (Camopi, French Guiana); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i,
1907, p. 226 (part; Guyana); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., is, 1908, p. 164
(Cayenne, Oyapoc), 320 (Camopi); BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, I, 19171 P- 132
(Bartica Grove).

• Grallaria perspicillata periophthalmica SALVAD. and FESTA: Nearly related to
G. p. perspicillata, but pileum conspicuously darker, olive blackish rather than slate
gray; back slightly more brownish olive; lores and orbital ring much deeper ochra-
ceous. Wing 79-82; tail 29-30. Eight specimens from Prov. Esmeraldas and one
male from Rio Peripa, w. Ecuador, examined by C. E. H.

b The short diagnosis, while not applicable with absolute certainty, corresponds
in general to the characters of G. macularia auct. from the Guianas. If really refer-
able to this form, the original locality "Bresil" was, in all probability, wrong. I have
accordingly proposed to substitute "Cayenne" as type locality (see Nov. Zool., 17,
1910, p. 370). There is, however, the possibility of Pitta macularia TEMM. being an
earlier name for the little known Myioturdus ochroleucus WIED from Bahia. This
question can only be settled by re-examination of Temminck's type, presumably
in the Leyden Museum. — C. E. H.

356 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Hylopezas (sic) macularia macconelli CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, June 1918,
p. 86 (Ituribisi River, Brit. Guiana).

Hylopezus macularia macconnetti CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 84,
pi. i, fig. i (Brit. Guiana).

Range: French and British Guiana.'

Grallaria macularia paraensis Sneihlage* AMAZONIAN ANTPITTA.

Grallaria macularia berlepschi (not of HELLMAYR, 1903) SNETHLAGE, Ornith.
Monatsber., 15, Dec. 1907, p. 195 (Ourem, Rio Guama, State of Para; types
examined by C. E. H.).

Grallaria macularia paraensis SNETHLAGE, Ornith. Monatsber., 18, Dec. i,
1910, p. 192 (new name for G. m. berlepschi SNETHLAGE, nee HELLMAYR);
HELLMAYR, Abhandl. math, naturw. Kl. Bayr. Ak., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 93
(Ourem, Rio Acara); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 317 (Ourem,
Rio Guama; Rio Acara; Cahy, Rio Jamauchim).

Grallaria macularia diluta HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, Dec. 15, 1910, p. 370
(below S. Thomar, Rio Negro [type]; Calama, Rio Madeira; Ourem, Rio
Guama).

Grallaria macularia (not of TEMMINCK) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 91
(part; below S. Thomar, Rio Negro); SCLATER, Ibis, 1877, p. 449 (part;
Rio Negro); (?) BARTLETT, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 374 (Loretoyacu, ne. Peru);
(?) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 324 (part; spec, h-j, Iquitos,
Loretoyacu, ne. Peru); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 226 (part;
Rio Negro, [?] Peru) ; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 288 (Rio Acara).

Range : Northern Brazil, in states of Para (Rio Guama, Rio Acara ;
Rio Jamauchim) and Amazonas (Sao Thomar, Rio Negro; Calama,
Rio Madeira); probably also northeastern Peru (Iquitos, Loretoyacu,
Rio Maranon).0

• On comparing seven specimens from British Guiana (Rio Carimang, Canuku
Mountains, Ourumee, etc.) with three from Cayenne, I cannot detect the slightest
difference, and, if the latter represent the macularia of Temminck, H. m. macconelli
becomes a pure synonym. C. Chubb probably compared his type with specimens
from the Peruvian Amazon which are referable either to G. m. paraensis or to an
undescribed race. — C. E. H.

b Grallaria macularia paraensis SNETHLAGE: Similar to G. m. macularia, but
wing slightly longer; sides and flanks very much paler, dull ochreous yellow with
an olive tinge (instead of deep ochraceous). Wing (5 specimens) 87, 88, 88, 89, 90;
tail 35-37 ; bill 19-20. (Ten specimens of G. m. macularia from the Guianas measure:
wing 81-84, once each 86, 87; tail 30-35; bill 18-20.) Material: One d" Sao Thomar,
Rio Negro; one 9 Calama, Rio Madeira; one d" ad. Rio Guama (type); one o",
one 9 Rio Acara.— C. E. H.

e No Peruvian specimens seen. B rds from Sao Thomar (Rio Negro) and Cal-
ama (Rio Madeira) are identical with those from the Para region. — C. E. H.

IQ24- BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY. 357

Grallaria ochroleuca (Wied). SPOTTED-BELLIED ANTPITTA.

Myioturdus ochrokucus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831, p. 1032 (Arra-
yal da Conquista, Prov. Bahia; type lost, see ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 2, 1889, p. 256); MENETRIES, Mem. Ac. Sci. St. P6tersb., (6th ser.),
3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 464 (ex WIED).

Chamaezosa ochroleuca BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 48
(ex WIED).

Grallaria ochroleuca SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 282 (monogr.; descr. of
a specimen in the Leyden Museum); idem, Ibis, 1877, p. 451 (ditto; Bahia
[ex WIED], S. Paulo [ex NATTERER]); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 324 (descr. spec, in Leyden Museum); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 91
(Ypanema, S. Paulo; spec, examined by C. E. H.); JHERING, Rev. Mus.
Paul., 3, 1899, p. 247 (S. Paulo); idem, Cat. F. Braz., I, 1907, p. 226 (Alto
da Serra, Sao Paulo); BERTONI, Anal. Cient. Parag., Ser. i, No. 3, 1904,
p. 5 (Puerto Bertoni, Misiones); DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, 1914, p. 328
(Santa Ana, Iguazu, Misiones).

(?) Grallaria martinsi SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 72, 1924, P- 447 (Serra de
Ibiapaba, Ceara).

Range: Eastern Brazil, in states of Ceara, Bahia (Arrayal da
Conquista) and Sao Paulo (Ypanema, Alto da Serra); northeastern
Argentina, in State of Misiones (Santa Ana, Iguazu). a

a The range as given above apparently comprises two distinct forms which may
not even be conspetific. Wied describes the under parts of M. ochrokucus as fol-
lows (translated from the German): "Throat and foreneck white, sides of head
pale ochreous, separated from the white throat by a black mystacal stripe; remainder
of under surface white, strongly mixed and streaked with buff, at the same time
marked with roundish triangular blackish brown spots on breast and sides; anal
region buff; under tail coverts white." Two birds from Ypanema, Sao Paulo, agree in
the markings below with Wied's description, though the entire under parts including
the tail coverts, except for the white throat, are deep ochraceous. Unfortunately,
Wied's type is lost, and no other specimen from the type locality (in southern
Bahia) is available. Whether the bird in the Leyden Museum, referred by Sclater
to G. ochrokuca and described as similar to G. macularia, but with sides of breast
and flanks only spotted, is really referable to that species, appears to be extremely
doubtful. Some years ago I examined two adults of a Grallaria from the Serra de
Ibiapaba, Ceard, obtained by O. Martins in June 1910 and belonging to the Museu
Goeldi, which, except for having also the middle of the chest spotted with black,
I found to agree well with Sclater's description. They are, however, very different
from the birds taken by J. Natterer at Ypanema, Prov. Sao Paulo. Without mate-
rial from the type locality, it is practically impossible to make out which of the two
or three forms is entitled to the name ochroleuca. — C. E. H.

THE LIBRARY OF THE

FEB171938

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

INDEX

Bold-faced type denotes names used in this work

Acontistes 205

Acropternis 24

acutirostris, Pteroptochus 21

acu tiro stris, Scytalopus 21

aequatorialis, Dysithamnus 121

aequatorialis, Gymnopithys 301

aequatorialis, Herpsilochmus .... 177

aequatorialis, Pithys 301

aequatorialis, Rhopoterpe 322

aequatorialis, Thamnistes 113

aethiops, Thamnophilus 80

affinis, Dysithamnus 118

affinis, Myrmeciza 269

affinis, Thamnistes 131

affinis, Thamnophilus 72,173

Agathopus 10

Alapi, Turdus 274

albicans, Thamnophilus 70

albicollis, Pteroptochos 6

albicollis, Scelorchilus 6

albicollis, Thamnophilus 271

albicrissus, Thamnophilus 49

albifrons, Pipra 296

albifrons, Pithys 296

albifrons, Pteroptochos 18

albigula, Grallaria 345

albigula, Myrmotherula 151

albiloris, Grallaria 348

albinuchalis, Thamnophilus 58

albiventer, Thamnophilus 47

albiventris, Heterocnemis 254

albiventris, Malacorhynchus 22

albiventris, Myrmeciza 259

albiventris, Ramphocsenus 207

albiventris, Thamnophilus 94

albogularis, Scytalopus 22

albonotatus, Thamnophilus 101

alixi, Clytoctantes in

alleni, Grallaria 341

alticincta, Formiciyora 186

alticincta, Neorhopias 186

alticola, Grallaria 343

alveolus, Lanius 97

amazonica, Myrmotherula 147

amazonicus, Formicarius 279

amazonicus, Thamnophilus 98

amazonum, Ramphocaenus 208

ambiguus, Thamnophilus 97

ambulator, Hylocentrites 34

anabatinus, Thamnistes 112

analis, Formicarius 282

analis, Mer [ulaxis] 24

analis, Myothera 282

andicola, Grallaria 35°

andicolus, Hypsibemon 350

andrei, Dysithamnus 117

angustirostris, Conopophaga 233

angustiro stris, Myrmoborus 233

anomalus, Ceraphanes 31

Anoplops 298

antholdes, Corythopis 37

anthoides, Musicapa 37

appro ximans, Cercomacra 220

approximans, Taraba 48

araguayae, Myrmelastes 61

araguayae, Sakesphorus 61

araucanus, Malacorhamphus 24

ardesiaca, Conopophaga 29

ardesiaca, Myiothera 232

ardesiaca, Rhopornis 232

ardesiacus, Dysithamnus 125

Arechavaletae, Formicivora 200

argentata, Sclateria 254

argentatus, Herpsilochmus 254

argent if rons, Scytalopus 14

argentina, Batara 42

argentina, Melanopareia 168

argentina, Synallaxis 168

argentinus, Rhopochares 107

aripoensis, Grallaria 338

aroyae, Dysithamnus 89

aroyae, Thamnophilus 89

aspersiv enter, Thamnophilus. ... 105

assimilis, Myrmotherula 165

atacamae, Scelorchilus 7

ater, Merulaxis 9

aterrimus, Tamnophilus 228

atra, Drymophila 227

atra, Pyriglena 227

atratus, Scytalopus 15

atricapilla, Myrmothera 250

atricapillus, Herpsilochmus 171

atricapillus, Tyrannus 53

atrinucha, Thamnophilus 90

atrocapillus, Thamnophilus 92

atrogularis, Cercomacra 222

atrogularis, Myrmotherula 145

atropileus, Thamnophilus 107

atrothorax, Myrmoderus 273

attothorax, Formicarius 273

auratus, Thamnophilus 101

aurita, Conopophaga 26

auritus, Turdus 26

australis, Myrmotherula 138

avilae, Grallaria 346

axillaris, Herpsilochmus 177

axillaris, Myrmothera 149

axillaris, Myrmotherula 149

axillaris, Thamnophilus 177

359

360

INDEX

badius, Thamnpphilus 76

bahiae, Formicivora 191

bangsi, Grallaria 346

barbacoae, Grallaria 351

barbacoae, Hylopezus 351

baroni, Thamnophilus 59

Batara 41

behni, Myrmotherula 160

berlepschi, Anoplops 305

berlepschi, Grallaria 352,356

berlepschi, Hypocnemis 235

berlepschi, Myrmeciza 269

berlepschi, Myrmoborus 235

berlepschi, Myrmotherula 164

berlepschi, Pyriglena 224

berlepschi, Rhegmatorhina 305

berlepschi, Sipia 224

berlepschi, Thamnophilus 74

bernardi, Sakesphorus 58

bernardi, Tamnophilus 58

Biatas 61

Biastes 61

bicolor, Formicivora 182

bicolor, Gymnopithys 303

bicolor, Microrhopias 182

bicolor, Pithys 303

bicolor, Thamnophilus 48

bitorquata, Melanopareia 167

bitorquata, Synallaxis 167

bogotensis, Chamaeza -. . . 293

boliviana, Chamaeza 292

boliviana, Grallaricula 326

boliviana, Myrmotherula 163

bolivianus, Scytalopus 17

borbae, Phlegopsis 319

borbae, Taraba 49

borbae, Thamnophilus 49

boucardi, Formicivora 180

boucardi, Microrhopias 180

boucardi, Myrmeciza 260

bowmani, Phlegopsis 317

bowmani, Phlogopsis 317

brachyura, Muscicapa 133

brachyura, Myrmotherula 133

Brachyurus 25

brasiliana, Cercomacra 215

brevicauda, Chamaeza 290

brevicauda, Formicivora 160

brevicauda, Formucarius 33 1

brevicaudus, Turdus 290

brevirostris, Thamnophilus 44

brevis, Grallaricula 327

bricenoi, Thamnophilus 66

bridgesi, Thamnophilus 77

browni, Conopophaga 328

brunneinucha, Conopophaga 30

brunneus, Hylophilus 153

cachabiensis, Thamnophilus 225

caerulescens, Myrmothera 312

caerulescens, Thamnophilus roo

caesia, Muscicapa 129

caesius, Lanius 129,250

caesius, Thamnomanes 129

cajamarcae, Hypolophus 58

cajamarcae, Sakesphorus 58

calcarata, Myiothera 34

callinota, Formicivora 202

callinota, Terenura 202

Calobamon 323

camopiensis, Thamnophilus 60

campanella, Turdus 239

campanisona, Myiothera 291

campanisona, Mymornis 331

campanisona, Myrmothera 331

canadensis, Lanius 52

canadensis, Sakesphorus 52

cano-fumosus, Formicivora 188

cantatar, Formicarius 239

cantator, Hypocnemis 239

canus, Scytalopus 14

capistratus, Thamnophilus 70

capitalis, Thamnophilus 84

capnitis, Hylophylax 308

capnitis, Hypocnemis 308

caquetae, Grallaria 352

caquetae, Hylopezus 352

caracae, Scytalopus 19

carbonaria, Cercomacra 233

carmelitae, Grallaria 337

carrikeri, Formicarius 289

cassini, Myrmeciza 263

cassini, Myrmelastes 263

castanea, Grallaria 345

castaneiceps, Conopophaga 29

castaneiceps, Formicarius 289

castaneus, Pteroptochos 4

castanoptera, Pyriglena 231

catus, Thamnophilus 64

caudata, Drymophila 197

caudata, Formicivora 197

caurensis, Sclateria 258

cayanensis, Formicarius 280

cearae, Conopophaga 32

cearensis, Erionotus 102

cearensis, Thamnophilus 102

Ceraphanes 25

Cercomacra 213

ceterus, Myrmelastes 248

Chamaebates 333

Chamaeza 290

Chamaezpsa 290

chapmani, Formicivora 193

cherriei, Myrmotherula 137

chilensis, Malacorhynchus 24

chionogaster, Chamaeza 295

chiroleuca, Gymnocichla 249

chocoanus, Phaenostictus 320

chocoensis, Conopophaga 30

chocoensis, Grallaria 336

cincta, Dichrozona 165

cinctus, Cyphorhinus 165

cinerascens, Cercomacra 213

cinerascens, Formicivora 213

INDEX

361

cinerea, Batara 41

cinerea, Myiothera 141

cinereiceps, Grallaria 340

cinereiceps, Thamnophilus 98

cinereinucha, Thamnophilus 93

cinereiventris, Microbates 212

cinereiventris, Myrmotherula . ... 161

cinereiventris, Rhamphocaenus . . 212

cinereoniger, Thamnophilus 79

cinereus, Tamnophilus 41

cinnamomeus, Thamnophilus .... 48

cinnamomeus, Turdus 271

cirrhatus, Turdus 53

Clytoctantes in

cochabambae, Rhopochares 107

cochabambae, Thamnophilus .... 107

collaris, Microbates 211

collaris, Rhamphocaenus 211

collinsi, Hyppcnemis 243

colma, Formicarius 280

columbiana, Chamaeza 293

connectens, Formicarius 284

connectens, Grallaria 347

connectens, Thamnophilus 104

Conopophaga 25

consobrina, Formicivora 180

consobrina, Hylophylax 309

consobrina, Microrhopias 180

corniculatus, Platyurus 10

coronatus, Thamnistes 112

corvinus, Myrmelastes 248

corvinus, Thamnophilus 266

Corythopis 34

costaricensis, Grallaricula 327

crepera, Cercomacra 216

crissalis, Formicarius 283

crissalis, Myrmornis 283

cristata, Pithys 306

cristata, Rhegmatorhina 306

cristatellus, Malacorhynchus 10

cristatellus, Thamnophilus 42

cristatus, Sakesphorus 57

cristatus, Thamnophilus 57

cryptoleuca, Myrmeciza 265

cryptoleucus, Myrmelastes 265

cucullata, Conopophaga 330

cucullata, Grallaricula 330

cumanensis, Grallaricula 329

cumbreanus, Dysithamnus 116

Cvmbilaimus 37

daguae, Gymnopithys 302

Dasyptilops 296

dearborni, Thamnophilus 66

debilis, Thamnophilus 50

delalandi, Corythopis 34

delalandi, Muscicapa 34

deluzae, Formicivora 189

deluzae, Neorhopias 189

Dendrooecia 171

destructus, Formicarius 288

devillei, Drymophila 197

devillei, Formicivora 197

Diallactes 45

diaphora, Sclateria 253

Dichropogon 307

Dichrozona 165

difficilis, Thamnophilus 68

dignissima, Grallaria 33 1

dignissima, Thamnocharis 331

diluta, Grallaria 356

dinellii, Thamnophilus 103

dives, Grallaria 351

doliatus, Lanius 62

doliatus, Thamnophilus 62

domicella, Lanius 225

dorsalis, Conopophagai 33

dorsimaculatus, Herpslochmus. . . 175

Drymophila 194

dubius, Dysithamnus 87

duidae, Hylophylax 313

Dysithamnus 114

elaopteryx, Terenura 204

elegans, Hypocnemis 236

elegans, Melanopareia 169

elegans, Synallaxis 169

ElUpura 194

ellisiana, Pyriglena 269

emiliae, Dysithamnus 115

emiliae, Microrhopias 183

Erionotus 62

erithacus, Liosceles 9

erratilis, Gymnocichla 249

erythrocerca, Formicivora 196

erythroleuca, Grallaria 344

erythronotos, Formicivora 147

erythronotos, Myrmotherula 147

erythronotus, Phyllobates 202

erythrophrys, Pithys 233

erythroptera, Dendrooecia 178

erythroptera, Phlegopsis 318

erythropterus, Formicarius 318

erythrotis, Grallaria 344

erythrura, Myrmotherula 147

excelsa, Grallaria 334

exiguus, Herpsilochmus 179

exsul, Myrmeciza 262

extremus, Dysithamnus 122

fasciatus, Cymbilaimus 39

fasciatus, Cymbilanius 39

fasciatus, Thamnophilus 75

feminina, Hypocnemis 235

femininus, Myrmoborus 235

femoralis, Pteroptochus 16

f emoralis, Scytalopus 16

ferruginatus, Lanius 62

ferruginea, Drymophila 195

ferruginea, Myothera 195

ferruginea, Myrmeciza 248

ferrugineipectus, Grallaria 327

ferrugineipectus, Grallaricula .... 327

ferrugineus, Lanius 62

ferruginous, Myrmoderus 271

362

INDEX

f errugineus, Thamnophilus 97

ferrugineus, Turdus 271

flammata, Holocnemis 252

flavescens, Formicivora 242

flavescens, Hypocnemis 242

flavescens, Thamnophilus 1 15

flavirostris, Grallaria 325

flavirostris, Grallaricula 325

fiavotincta, Grallaria 343

flemmingi, Dysithamnus 124

Formicarius 278

Formicivora 183

formicivorus, Turdus 322

fortis, Myrmeciza 267

fortis, Percnostola 267

f rater, Herpsilochmus 178

fraterculus, Thamnophilus 63

Frederickena 45

fuliginosa, Myiothera 149

fuliginosum, Conirostrum 1 1

fuliginosus, Thamnophilus 45

fuliginosus, Tamnophilus 86

fulva, Rhinocrypta 8

fulvescens, Chamaeza 293

fulviventris, Grallaria 352

fulviventris, Myrmptherula 144

fumosa, Microrhopias 187

fumosa, Neorhopias 187

funebris, Lanius 43,250

fusca, Grallaria 339

fusca, Rhinocrypta 8

fuscicapilla, Myrmothera 283

f uscicauda, Scytalopus 21

fuscoides, Meiulaxis u

fuscus, Scytalopus 10

f uscus, Teledromas 8

garbei, Myrmotherula 159

genei, Drymophila 195

genei, Formicivora 195

gigantea, Grallaria 335

gigas, Thamnophilus 42

gilvigaster, Thamnophilus 102

gladiator, Thryothorus 205

glaucopectus, Formicarius 280

glaucus, Thamnomanes 131

goeldii, Myrmeciza 266

goeldii, Myrmelastes 266

gorgonae, Thamnophilus 89

Grallaria 333

Grallaricula 325

grallarius, Turdus 339

granadensis, Diallactes 51

granadensis, Taraba 51

grandior, Thamnophilus 84

grandis, Scytalopus 12

grieseus, Turdus 184

grisea, Neorhopias 184

griseiceps, Myrmoderus 276

griseicollis, Merulaxis 20

griseicollis, Scytalopus 20

griseipectus, Myrmeciza 260

griseiventris, Hylophylax 314

griseiventris, Pithys 314

griseodorsalis, Ramphocaenus ... 210

griseonucha, Grallaria 348

guatimalensis, Grallaria 336

guayabambae, Myrmotherula ... 145

gularis, Brachyurus 33

gularis, Myrmotherula 141

gularis, Thamnophilus 141

guttata, Myrmotherula 139

guttata, Rhopothera 311

guttatus, Hypoedaleus 40

guttatus, Leptorhynchus 204

guttatus, Psilorhamphus 204

guttatus, Thamnophilus 40

guttulatus, Lanius 114

gutturalis, Conopophaga 30

gutturalis, Myrmotherula 142

Gymnocichla 247

Gymnopithys 298

gymnops, Rhegmatorhina 305

haematonota, Formicivora 146

haematonota, Myrmotherula .... 146

haplonota, Grallaria 338

harterti, Pittasoma 325

hauxwelli, Formicivora 140

hauxwelli, Myrmotherula 140

hellmayri, Drymophila 199

hellmayri, Dysithamnus 85

hellmayri, Myrmotherula 141

hellmayri, Pyriglena 229

hellmayri, Thamnophilus 85

hemileuca, Hypocnemis 247

hemileucus, Myrmochanes 247

hemimelaena, Myrmeciza 277

hemimelaenus, Myrmoderus .... 277

Herpsilochmus 171

heterocercus, Thamnophilus 96

Heterocnemis 252

heterogynus, Dysithamnus 86

heterogynus, Thamnophilus 86

heteroleucus, Thamnophilus 65

hoffmanni, Formicarius 286

hoffmanni, Myrmornis 286

hofTmannsi, Anoplops 306

hoffmannsi, Myrmotherula 146

hoffmannsi, Rhegmatorhina 306

hoffmannsi, Thamnomanes 129

hollandi, Thamnophilus 52

Holocnemis 252

hondae, Microrhopias 186

hondae, Neorhopias 186

huallagae, Cercomacra 116

huberi, Thamnophilus 79

humaythae, Sclateria 257

humeralis, Terenura 202

humilis, Hypocnemis . 242

humivagans, Corythopis 35

Hylactes 3

Hylocentrites 34

hylonympha, Pteroptochos 5

INDEX

363

Hylopezus 334

Hylophylax 307

hyperythra, Myrmeciza 264

hyperythrus, Thamnophilus 264

Hypocnemis 239

Hypocnemoides 244

Hypoedaleus 40

hypoleuca, Grallaria 344

hypoleuca, Heterocnemis 235

hypoleucus, Myrmochanes 247

Hypolophus 52

hypomelaena, Cercomacra 222

hypoxantha, Hypocnemis 243

Hypsibemon 333

iheringi, Formicivora 184

iheringi, Myrmotherula 158

iheringi, Neorhopias 184

iliaca, Microrhopias 191

immaculata, Cercomacra 214

immaculata, Myrmeciza 263

immaculata, Myrmeciza 268

immaculatus, Thamnophilus 268

imperator, Grallaria 340

incertus, Thamnophilus 83

indigotica, Myiothera 22

indigoticus, Scytalopus 22

infasciatus, Scytalopus 20

infuscata, Acropternis 25

inornata, Myrmotherula 160

inornatus, Thamnophilus 87

insignis, Thamnophilus 100

intercedens, Grallaria 340

interior, Myrmopagis 154

interior, Myrmotherula 154

intermedia, Formicivora 187

intermedia, Grallaria 353

intermedia, Myrmeciza 263

intermedia, Neorhopias 187

intermedius, Cymbilaimus 38

intermedius, Cymbilanius 38

intermedius, Formicarius 287

intermedius, Hypolophus 55

intermedius, Thamnistes 113

intermedius, Thamnophilus 72

interpositus, Thamnophilus 94

janii, Thamnophilus 92

juninensis, Rhopias 143

juruana, Drymophila 278

juruana, Myrmotherula 163

juruanus, Thamnophilus 82

kapouni, Thamnophilus 81

kermiti, Myrmotherula 134

klagesi, Drymophila 199

kukenamensis, Grallaricula 329

kulczynskii, Myrmelastes 79

kulczynskii, Thamnophilus 79

laemosticta, Myrmeciza 261

laeta, Cercomacra 219

Lafresnayanus, Tamnophilus 149

Lahilleanus, Thamnophilus 45

lanceolata, Rhinocrypta 7

lanceolata, Rhinomya 7

latebricola, Scytalopus 19

lateralis, Dysithamnus 116

latrans, Scytalopus 1 1

lawrencii, Myrmelastes 248

leachii, Mackenziaena 43

leachii, Thamnophilus 43

lepidonota, Hylophylax 313

lepidonota, Hypocnemis 313

Leptonyx 3

Leptorhynchus 204

lepturus, Platyurus 24

leucaspis, Gymnopithys 301

leucaspis, Myrmeciza 301

leucauchen, Thamnophilus 53

leucobronchialis, Dysithamnus. . . 115

leucogaster, Thamnophilus 94

leuconota, Myothera 227

leuconota, Pyriglena 227

leuconotus, Thamnophilus. . . . 226,227

leucophrys, Myrmoborus 232

leucophrys, Myrmothera 184

leucophrys, Pithys 232

leucophthalma, Formicivora 142

leucophthalma, Myrmotherula. . . 142

leucops, Pithys 297

leucoptera, Pyriglena 225

leucopterus, Turdus 225

leucopus, Drymophila 272

leucostictus, Dysithamnus 128

leucostigma, Percnostola 256

leucostigma, Sclateria 256

leucotis, Pipra 26

lineata, Conopophaga 31

lineatus, Cymbilaimus 38

lineatus, Lanius 38

lineatus, Myiagrus 31

lineatus, Thamnophilus 75

lineatus, Turdus 252

Liosceles 8

lizanoi, Grallaria 353

Lochites 43

longicauda, Myrmotherula 138

longicauda, Pipra 296

longicaudus, Thamnophilus 84

longipennis, Myrmotherula 155

longipes, Drymophila 258

longipes, Myrmeciza 258

longipes, Myrmothera 258

longirostris, Herpsilochmus 176

lophotes, Myrmeciza 270

lophotes, Percnostola 270

loretoyacuensis, Sakesphorus .... 55

loretoyacuensis, Thamnophilus. . . 55

loricata, Grallaria 330

loricata, Grallaricula 330

loricata, Myiothera 272

loricatus, Myrmoderus 272

luctuosa, Myrmotherula 148

luctuosus, Lanius 60

luctuosus, Sakesphorus 60

364

INDEX

luctuosus, Thamnophilus 106

lugubris, Myrmoborus 234

lugubris, Myrmonax 234

lunulata, Gymnopithys 300

lunulata, Pithys 300

lunulatus, Lanius 45

macconelli, Hylopezas 356

Mackenziaena 43

macropus, Leptonyx 5

macropus, Scytalopus 12

macularia, Grallaria 355

macularia, Pitta 355

maculata, Formicivora 200

maculata, Myiothera 201

maculata, Terenura 201

maculatus, Lanius 41

maculatus, Thamnophilus 41,103

maculicauda, Hypocnemis 246

maculicauda, Hypocnemoides . ... 246

maculicaudis, Pyriglena 223

maculifer, Myrmeciza 264

maculifer, Myrmelastes 264

maculipennis, Thamnophilus no

maculosa, Cercomacra 223

magdalenae, Microbates 213

magellanica, Motacilla 17

magellanlcus, Scytalopus 17

magnirostris, Erionotus 90

magnus, Thamnophilus 46

ma jor, Taraba 46

major, Thamnophilus 46,106

Malacorhamphus 24

malura, Drymophila 199

malura, Myothera 199

Manikup 296

marcapatae, Thamnophilus 109

marcapatensis, Pyriglena 230

margaritata, Myrmeciza in

margaritatus, Megastictus in

margaritensis, Drymophila 188

margaritifera, Hypocnemis 311

marginata, Myrmeciza 272

marginatus, Myipturdus 291

martinsi, Grallaria 357

maura, Formicivora 228

maura, Pyriglena 228

maximiliani, Conopophaga 33

maximiliani, Melanopareia 168

maximiliani, Synallaxis 168

maynana, Myrmeciza 275

maynanus, Myrmoderus 275

mcleannani, Phaenostictus 320

McLeannani, Phlogopsis 320

medius, Megalonyx 6

Megalonyx 3

megapodius, Pteroptochos 4

Megastictus 1 1 1

melaena, Formicivora 151

melaena, Myrmotherula 151

melanaria, Cercomacra 224

melanaria, Formicivora 224

melanchrous, Thamnophilus 105

melanocephalus, Diallactes 267

melanoceps, Myrmeciza 266

melanoceps, Thamnophilus 266

melanocrissus, Thamnophilus .... 52

melanogaster, Conopophaga 27

melanogaster, Formicivora 190

melanogaster, Neorhopias 190

melanogaster, Thamnophilus 149

melanolaema, Hypocnemis 237

melanolaema, Myrmoborus 237

melanoleuca, Terenura 247

melanoleucos, Myrmothera 135

melanonotus, Sakesphorus 59

melanonotus, Thamnophilus 59

Melanopareia 166

melanopogon, Hypocnemis 244

melanopogon, Hypocnemoides. . . . 244

melanops, Conopophaga 32

melanops, Platyrhynchos 32

melanosticta, Gymnopithys 304

melanosticta, Hypocnemis 237

melanosticta, Pithys 304

melano thorax, Sakesphorus 59

melanothorax, Thamnophilus .... 59

melanura, Formicivora 274

melanura, Hypocnemis 239

melanura, Myrmeciza 226

melanurus, Myrmoborus 239

melanurus, Myrmoderus 274

melanurus, Ramphocaenus 205

melanurus, Taraba 50

melanurus, Thamnophilus 50

melas, Lanius 60

meleager, Lanius 41

menetriesii, Myrmothera 163

menetriesii, Myrmotherula 163

mentalis, Dysithamnus 114

mentalis, Myothera 114

meridanus, Scytalopus 19

Merulaxis 9

meruloides, Chamaeza 291

mexicana, Grallaria 335

mexicanus, Thamnophilus 72

michleri, Pittasoma 324

Microbates 210

micropterus, Agathopus 15

micro pterus, Scytalopus 15

Microrhopias 179

microsticta, Formicivora 183

micro sticta, Microrhopias 183

milled, Grallaria 344

minor, Grallaria 332

minor, Myrmothera 332

minor, Myrmotherula 157

minor, Percnostola 251

minor, Thamnophilus 43

minuta, Myrmotherula 139

minutus, Tamnophilus 133

modesta, Grallaria 333

modesta, Myrmothera 333

modesta, Myrmotherula 152

moestus, Thamnophilus 60

INDEX

365

mollissima, Chamaeza 296

moniliger, Formicarius 287

monticola, Grallaria 342

motacilloides, Herpsilochmus. ... 173

multistriatus, Thamnophilus 73

multo stria ta, Myrmotherula 136

murinus, Thamnophilus 88

Myiothera 278

Myiotrichas 333

Myioturdus 333

Myocincla 278

Myornis 23

myotherinus, Myrmoborus 236

myotherinus, Thamnophilus 236

Mynneciza 258

Myrmelastes 258

Mynnoborus 232

Mynnochanes 247

Myrmoderas 271

Myrmoderus 271

Myrmonax 258

Myrmopagis 133

Myrmophila 133

Myrmorchilus 170

Mynnornis 321

Mynnothera 331

Myrmotherium 133

Myrmotherula 133

naevia, Hylophylax 308

naevia, Pipra 308

naevia, Sclateria 252

naevia, Sitta 252

naevioides, Conopophaga 307

naevioides, Hylophylax 307

naevius, Lanius 92

nana, Grallaria 328

nana, Grallaricula 328

nanus, Megalonyx 18

napensis, Cercomacra 213

nemorivaga, Pteroptochos 6

Neoctantes in

Neorhopias 183

niger, Neoctantes in

niger, Platyurus 10

niger, Thamnophilus 44

niger, Xenops m

nigerrimus, Myrmelastes 267

nigrescens, Cercomacra 220

nigrescens, Herpsilochmus 174

nigrescens, Percnostola 220

nigrescens, Thamnophilus 66

nigricans, Cercomacra 222

nigricans, Thamnophilus 97

nigricapillus, Formicarius 288

nigricauda, Myrmeciza 262

nigriceps, Thamnophilus 76

nigricollis, Formicivora 184

nigricristatus, Thamnophilus 71

nigrifrons, Formicarius 281

nigrigula, Hylophylax 3*5

nigrigula, Hypocnemis 315

nigro-cincta, Conopophaga 34

nigrocinereus, Thamnophilus .... 78

nigrogenys, Conopophaga 33

nigro-lineata, Grallaria 346

nigro-maculata, Myothera 316

nigromaculata, Phlegopsis 316

nigro-pectus, Anabates 61

nigropectus, Biatas 61

nigro-rufa, Myrmotherula 152

nobilis, Chamaeza 294

notaea, Hypocnemis 241

notata, Phlogopsis 316

notodelos, Lanius 226

nuchalis, Grallaria 341

nudiceps, Gymnocichla 247

nudiceps, Myiothera 247

oberi, Dysithamnus 117

obidensis, Dysithamnus 126

obscura, Grallaria 350

obscura, Sylvia 18

obscurus, Myrmoborus 245

obsoleta, Grallaria 342

occidentals, Conopophaga 26

occidentals, Drymophila 198

occidentalis, Myrmeciza 262

occidentalis, Thamnophilus 80

occobambae, Grallaria 350

occobambae, Oropezus 35°

ochracea, Hylophylax 310

ochracea, Hypocnemis 310

ochraceiventris, Grallaria 335

ochraceiventris, Grallaricula 326

ochraceiventris, Hypocnemis .... 244

ochrolaema, Hypocnemis 238

ochrolaema, Myrmoborus 238

ochroleuca, Grallaria 357

ochroleucus, Myioturdus 357

ochropyga, Drymophila 196

ochropyga, Formicivora 196

ochrus, Thamnophilus 102

olivacea, Chamaeza 293

olivaceus, Dysithamnus 119

olivaceus, Thamnophilus 119

olivascens, Grallaricula 329

olivascens, Gymnopithys 303

olivascens, Pithys 3°3

orenocensis, Formicivora 189

orenocensis, Neorhopias 189

orinocensis, Formicarius 280

ornata, Formicivora 145

ornata, Myrmotherula 145

Oropezus 334

orthonyx, Acropternis 24

orthonyx, Merulaxis 24

Othello 43

othello, Thamnophilus 44

pacifica, Myrmotherula 135

pacifica, Pyriglena 231

pacificus, Phaenostictus 321

pacificus, Thamnophilus 72

366

INDEX

palidus, Anoplops 299

palikour, Formicivorus 322

pallens, Myrmeciza 277

pallens, Myrmoderus 277

pallescens, Cercomacra 217

palliata, Myrmeciza 261

palliatus, Lanius 75

palliatus, Thamnophilus 75,226

pallida, Conopophaga 27

pallida, Gymnopithys 299

pallida, Myrmotherula 162

pallidior, Grallaria 354

pallidior, Hylopezus 354

pallidus, Formicarius 287

pallidus, Fuinarius 287

pallidus, Ramphocaenus 207

panamensis, Formicarius 285

panamensis, Myrmeciza 259

panamensis, Scytalopus 14

paradoxus, Triptorhinus. 24

paradoxus, Troglodytes 24

paraensis, Grallaria 356

paraensis, Myrmopagis 157

paraensis, Myrmotherula 157

paraensis, Phlegopsis 317

paraguayensis, Thamnophilus. ... 100

parambae, Grallaria 339

paucalensis, Synallaxis 169

pectoralis, Herpsilochmus 176

pectoralis, Thamnophilus 107

pectoralis, Turdus 298

pelzelni, Myrmeciza 276

pelzelni, Myrmoderus 276

pelzelni, Thamnophilus 96

Percnostola 250

periophthalmica, Grallaria 355

persimilis, Thamnomanes 130

perspicillata, Conopophaga 34

perspicillata, Grallaria 354

perspicillata, Myiothera 34

peruviana, Conopophaga 28

peruviana, Drymophila 198

peruviana, Grallaricula 330

peruviana, Hypocnemis 240

peruviana, Myrmeciza 267

peruviana, Pithys 297

peruvianus, Microbates 212

Phaenostictus 319

phainoleucus, Hypolpphus 57

phantatis, Drymophila 197

Phlegopsis 316

Phlogopsis 316

Phyllobates 201

picea, Pyriglena 230

Picrotes 43

pileata, Myiothera 171

pileatus, Herpsilochmus 171

pileatus, Lanius 53

Pithys 296

Pittasoma 323

piurae, Sakesphorus 58

piurae, Thamnophilus 58

plumbea, Myiothera 127

plumbeus, Dysithamnus 127

plumbeus, Myrmelastes 265

poecilinota, Hylophylax 312

poecilinota, Hypocnemis 312

poeciloptera, Myiothera 139

poecilurus, Lanius 57

poliocephala, Myiothera 115

Poh'olaema 133

polionotus, Thamnophilus 81

princeps, Grallaria 336

przewalskii, Grallaria 345

Pseudoconopophaga 25

Psilorhamphus 204

Pteroptochos 3

pulchellus, Hypolophus 56

pulchellus, Sakesphorus 56

punctatus, Lanius 92

punctatus, Thamnophilus 77,92

puncticeps, Dysithamnus 123

puncticeps, Herpsilochmus 177

puncticeps, Thamnophilus 76

punctulata, Hylophylax 311

punctulata, Rhopotera 311

punctuliger, Thamnophilus 82

punensis, Grallaria 351

purusianus, Gymnopithys 304

purusianus, Thamnomanes 132

pusilla, Myiothera 135.155

Pygiptila no

pygmaea, Muscicapa 133

Pygoptila no

Pyriglena 225

pyrrhonota, Myrmotherula 147

quadrivittata, Formicivora 135

quitensis, Grallaria 342

quixensis, Microrhopias 181

quixensis, Thamnophilus 181

radiatus, Thamnophilus 69

Ramphocaenus 205

rara, Grallaricula 328

lectirostris, Troglodytes 205

regulus, Grallaria 337

rex, Turdus 339

Rhegmatorhina 305

Rhinocrypta 7

Rhinomya 7

Rhinornis 7

Rhopias 133

Rhopochares 62

Rhopocichla 232

Rhoporchilus 166

Rhopornis 232

Rhopotera 322

Rhopoterpe 322

rhynolopha, Myiothera 9

richmondi, Drymophila 196

roberti, Conopophaga 28

rodriguezianus, Thamnophilus.. . . 41

rohdei, Thamnophilus 46

INDEX

367

roraimae, Grallaria 338

roraimae, Herpsilochmus 175

rosenbergi, Cercomacra 225

rosenbergi, Pittasoma 325

rosenbergi, Sipia 225

rubecula, Scelorchilus 5

ruber, Brachyurus 33

rubiginosus, Lanius 62

rubricollis, Formicivora 195

rufa, Myiothera 192

rufa, Neorhopias 192

rufater, Tamnophilus 193

rufatra, Neorhopias 193

rufescens, Melanopareia 167

nifescens, Thamnistes 113

ruf icapilla, Grallaria 347

ruficapillus, Thamnophilus 108

ruficauda, Cercomacra 276

nificauda, Chamaeza 294

ruficauda, Chamaezosa 294

ruficauda, Drymophila 272

ruficauda, Formicivora 278

ruficauda, Myiothera 272

ruficauda, Myrmoderus 272

ruficeps, Conopophaga 34

ruficeps, Formicarius 278

ruficeps, Grallaria 341

ruficeps, Gymnopithys 302

ruficeps, Lanius 70

ruficeps, Megalonyx 4

ruficeps, Myothera 278

ruficeps, Thamnophilus 43

ruficollis, Thamnophilus 99

rufifrons, Percnostola 250

rufif rons, Turdus 250

rufigula, Gymnopithys 298

rufigula, Turdus 298

rufigularis, Megalonyx 5

rufigularis, Pithys 298

rufimarginata, Myothera 178

rufimarginatus, Herpsilochmus. . . 178

rufipectus, Formicarius 289

rufiventer, Thamnophilus 181

rufiventris, Cercomacra 216

rufiventris, Chamaebates. . . .. 341

rufiventris, Disythamnus 216

rufiventris, Ramphocaenus 209

rufiventris, Scolopacinus 209

rufo-cinerea, Grallaria 342

rufogularis, Megalonyx 5

rufopileatum, Pittasoma 324

rufula, Grallaria 349

rufus, Megalonyx 4

rufus, Tamnophilus 41

rufus, Turdus 250

rusbyi, Conopophaga 28

rutilus, Merulaxis 9

Sakesphorus 52

salmoni, Rhopias 144

salvini, Gymnopithys 300

salvini, Pithys 300

sanctae-martae, Gymnocichla. . . . 248

sanctae-martae, Myrmotherula. . . 153

sanctae-martae, Scytalopus 15

sanctae-marthae, Ramphocaenus. 209

sarayacuensis, Corythopis 36

Sarochalinus 9

saturata, Conopophaga 29

saturata, Grallaria 349

saturata, Heterocnemis 257

saturata, Myrmopagis 145

saturata, Myrmotherula 145

saturata, Phlegopsis 319

saturata, Sclateria 257

saturatior, Cercomacra 218

saturatus, Formicarius 284

saturatus, Phaenostictus 319

saturatus, Thamnistes 112

saturninus, Dysithamnus 126

saturninus, Thamnophilus 126

scalaris, Thamnophilus 107

scapularis, Myiothera 178

Scelorchilus 5

schistacea, Hypocnemis 254

schistacea, Myrmeciza 258

schistacea, Sclateria 254

schistaceus, Thamnophilus 86

schisticolor, Formicivora 152

schisticolor, Myrmotherula 152

schistogynus, Thamnomanes 132

sclateri, Cercomacra 214

sclateri, Myrmotherula 134

Sclateria 252

Scolopacinus 205

Scytalopus 10

semicinereus, Dysithamnus 120

semifasciatus, Diallactes 48

semifasciatus, Taraba 48

semitorquatus, Microbates 211

semitorquatus, Ramphocaenus ... 211

senilis, Merulaxis 23

senilis, Myornis 23

septentrionalis, Dysithamnus. ... 123

serva, Cercomacra 221

serva, Pyriglena 221

severa, Mackenziaena 44

severus, Lanius 44

sharpei, Terenura 203

Silvestrius 114

simonsi, Scytalopus 22

simplex, Grallaria 333

simplex, Heterocnemis 257

simplex, Myrmothera 333

simplex, Thamnophilus 83

Sipia 224

snethlageae, Conopophaga 27

sororia, Grallaria 337

sororia, Hypocnemis 238

sororia, Myrmotherula 143

sororius, Myrmoborus 238

spatiator, Grallaria 349

speciosa, Formicivora 169

speluncae, Malacorhynchus 13

368

INDEX

speluncae, Scytalopus 13

spodiogastra, Myrmeciza 277

spodiogaster, Myrmoderus 277

spodionota, Myrmotherula 143

spodionotus, Dysithamnus 118

spodioptila, Terenura 203

squamata, Drymophila 200

squamata, Myiothera 200

squamiger, Merulaxis 20

squamigera, Grallaria 334

squamosa, Myrmeciza 273

squamosus, Dysithamnus 88

squamosus, Myrmoderus 273

stagurus, Lanius 47

stagurus, Taraba. 47

stellaris, Pygiptila no

stellaris, Thamnophilus no

stellata, Hypocnemis 165

stictocephalus, Thamnophilus .... 96

stictocorypha, Drymophila 200

stictocorypha, Formicivora 200

Stictomyrmornis 307

stictoptera, Myrmeciza 261

stictoptera, Myrmornis 323

stictoptera, Rhopoterpe 323

stictothorax, Dysithamnus. 114

sticturus, Herpsilochmus 173

sticturus, Ramphocaenus 208

sticturus, Thamnophilus 95

Stipituropsis 194

striata, Vanga 42

striaticeps, Drymophila 198

striaticeps, Dysithamnus 124

striativentris, Hypocnemis 22

striatus, Thamnophilus 239

strictothorax, Myothera 114

strigilata, Myiothera 170, 291

strigilatus, Myrmorchilus 1 70

striolatus, Leptorhynchus 201

subandinus, Thamnophilus 106

subcinereus, Erionotus 91

subcinereus, Thamnophilus 91

subcristata, Percnostola 251

subfasciatus, Thamnophilus 109

subflava, Hypocnemis 243

subochracea, Drymophila 197

subplumbea, Sclateria 256

subplumbeus, Dysithamnus 256

subradiatus, Thamnophilus 67

subsimilis, Hylophylax 308

subspeciosa, Synallaxis 169

suffusus, Dysithamnus 122

superciliaris, Myiothera 184

superciliaris, Scytalopus 23

surinamensis, Hypocnemis 312

surinamensis, Lanius 62

surinamensis, Myrmotherula. . . . 135

surinamensis, Sitta 135

suspicax, Myrmorchilus 170

swainsoni, Myrmeciza 259

Swainsonii, Thamnophilus 44

sylvestris, Scytalopus 16

taczanowskii, Grallaria 347

tambillanus, Dysithamnus 120

tamiesoni, Formicarius 280

Taraba 45

tarnii, Hylactes 3

tarnli, Pteroptochos 3

Teledromas 8

tenuepunctatus, Thamnophilus ... 73

tenuifasciatus, Thamnophilus. ... 74

tephrogaster, Thamnophilus 102

Terenura 201

tetema, Myrmothera 280

Thamnarchus 41

Thamnistes 112

Thamnocharis 331

Thamnomanes 129

thamnophiloides, Myiothera 236

Thamnophilus 62

Theresae, Conopophaga 309

theresae, Hylophylax 309

thoracicus, Formicarius 290

thoracicus, Liosceles 8

thoracicus, Pteroptochus 8

tinniens, Turdus 331

tintinnabulatus, Turdus 239

tobagensis, Formicivora 189

tobagensis, Neorhopias 189

tobagensis, Thamnophilus 65

toddi, Sclateria 253

torquata, Corythopis 35

torquata, Melanopareia 166

torquata, Myrmornis 322

torquata, Synallaxis 166

torquatus, Formicarius 322

torquatus, Microbates 211

torquatus, Thamnophilus 106

torrida, Conopophaga 29

tragicus, Rhopoterpe 322

transandeanus, Taraba 51

transandeanus, Thamnophilus 51

trifasciata, Drymophila 226

trinitatis, Ramphocaenus 206

trinitatis, Sakesphorus 53

trinitatis, Sclateria 252

trinitatis, Thamnophilus 53

Triptorhinus 24

tristis, Thamnophilus 81

trivittatus, Formicarius 318

tschudii, Thamnophilus 80

tshororo, Chamaeza 291

tucuyensis, Dysithamnus 128

turdina, Chamaeza 295

turdina, Chamaezosa 295

tyrannina, Cercomacra 217

tyrannina, Pyriglena 217

umbrosus, Formicarius 286

undulatus, Lanius 42

undulatus, Scytalopus 22

unduliger, Mackenziaena 44

unduliger, Thamnophilus 44

unicolor, Dysithamnus 83

INDEX

369

unicolor, Myrmothera 159

unicolor, Myrmotherula 159

unicolor, Scytalopus 13

unicolor, Thamnophilus 83

urosticta, Formicivora 161

urosticta, Myrmotherula 160

Urotomus 322

varia, Grallaria 339

variegata, Drymophila 195

variegata, Myiothera 178

variegaticeps, Thamnophilus 68

varius, Fprmicarius 339

vavasouri, Myrmophila 155

vegeta, Grallaricula 327

venezuelana, Chamaeza 292

ventralis, Thamnophilus 101

vestitus, Lanius 76

vidua, Hylophylax 315

vidua, Hypocnemis 315

viduata, Myrmotherula 144

vigorsii, Thamnophilus 42

virescens, Formicarius 285

virgata, Formicivora 180

virgata, Microrhopias 180

virgatus, Thamnophilus 77

virgultorum, Taraba 47

viridis, Frederickena 45

viridis, Thamnophilus 45

vittata, Myrmothera 239

vulgaris, Conopophaga 31

watkinsi, Grallaria 348

xanthonota, Terenura. 203

xanthopterus, Dasythamnus 124

xanthopterus, Dysithamnus 124

Yarrellii, Myiothera 272

yucatanensis, Thamnophilus 73

zamorae, Formicarius 284

zarumae, Grallaricula 326

zarumae, Thamnophilus 71

zeledoni, Myrmeciza 270

zeledoni, Pittasoma 324

zononota, Dichrozona 166

zonota, Dichrozona 166

THE LJBAARY OF THE

FEB171938

§F