LI B RARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS FI Co. 2. FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD, 1893 PUBLICATION 347 ZOOLOGICAL SERIES VOLUME XIII CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS BY CHARLES E. HELLMAYR ASSOCIATE CURATOR OP BIRDS PART VIII ALAUDIDAE - HIRUNDINIDAE - MOTACILLIDAE - BOMBYCILLIDAE PTILOGONATIDAE - DULIDAE - VIREONIDAE - VIREOLANIIDAE CYCLARHIDAE - LANIIDAE - STURNIDAE - COEREBIDAE COMPSOTHLYPIDAE WILFRED H. OSGOOD CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OP ZOOLOGY EDITOR CHICAGO, U. S. A. SEPTEMBER 16, 1935 PUBLICATIONS OF FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGICAL SERIES VOLUME XIII PART VIII CHICAGO, U. S. A. 1935 PUBLICATION 347 ZOOLOGICAL SERIES VOLUME XIII CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS AND THE ADJACENT ISLANDS IN FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY INCLUDING ALL SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES KNOWN TO OCCUR IN NORTH AMERICA, MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, SOUTH AMERICA, THE WEST INDIES, AND ISLANDS OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA, THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO, AND OTHER ISLANDS WHICH MAY BE INCLUDED ON ACCOUNT OF THEIR FAUNAL AFFINITIES BY CHARLES E. HELLMAYR ASSOCIATE CURATOR OF BIRDS PART VIII ALAUDIDAE - HIRUNDINIDAE - MOTACILLIDAE - BOMBYCILLIDAE PTILOGONATIDAE - DULIDAE - VIREONIDAE - VIREOLANIIDAE CYCLARHIDAE - LANIIDAE - STURNIDAE - COEREBIDAE COMPSOTHLYPIDAE WILFRED H. OSGOOD CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY EDITOR CHICAGO, U. S. A. SEPTEMBER 16, 1935 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS 38 PREFACE TO PART VIII The present installment continues the enumeration of the American Oscines. It contains the list of the recognized species and subspecies of thirteen families, including several important ones, such as the Swallows, Vireos, Honey Creepers, and Wood Warblers. While the majority of the groups treated in this part form well- defined natural units, the delimitation of the Honey Creepers and Wood Warblers presents unusual difficulties. Particularly, the first- named family, as now understood, is a rather heterogeneous assem- blage of birds showing wide divergencies in structure as well as in habits. The genus Diglossa, for instance, looks very different from the other generic groups classified in the same family. Ateleodacnis and Conirostrum, on the other hand, bear some remarkable resem- blances to certain Wood Warblers, and it is likely that their natural affinities are with the latter family, to which they have tentatively been referred by the late Robert Ridgway and others. The Wood Warbler family also is far from being uniform, and some species of the genus Basileuterus strikingly recall certain small tanagers in general aspect and color-pattern. Anatomical researches may ultimately help in determining the systematic position of these birds of disputed relationship. Style and scope of this part closely follow the standard adopted for the preceding volumes. The author has again attempted to indicate the actual (or in case of loss, the former) location of types, and it is hoped that the results of this time-consuming, frequently unsuccessful investigation may be of some service to ornithologists. In perusing the list of specimens in Field Museum, it is well to keep in mind that, owing to his absence from Chicago, the author has not been able to examine every specimen himself, and it is requested that any errors of identification or allocation be treated with leniency. Various museums and individuals have very generously cooper- ated in the preparation of this volume, either by the loan of material or by supplying information. To the names listed in the preceding parts must be added those of Professor Herman Michel, Director, and Dr. Moriz Sassi, Curator of Birds, in the Museum of Natural History in Vienna, Austria, to whom the author owes a large debt of gratitude for giving him free access to the collections and libraries under their care. June SO, 1983 C. E. HELLMAYR iii CONTENTS Orders, Families, and Genera Included in Part VIII ORDER PASSERIPORMES SUBORDER OSCINES FAMILY ALAUDIDAE (Larks) PAGE Alauda Linnaeus 1 Chionophilos Brehm 2 FAMILY HIRUNDINIDAE (Swallows) Progne Boie 11 Phaeoprogne Baird 25 Petrochelidon Cabanis 29 Stelgidopteryx Baird 38 Alopochelidon Ridgway 48 Neochelidon Sclater 50 Pygochelidon Baird 52 Notiochelidon Baird 59 Atticora Boie 60 Orochelidon Ridgway 62 Riparia Forster 63 Hirundo Linnaeus 65 Delichon Moore 67 Jridoproene Coues 68 Tachycineta Cabanis 78 Callichelidon Baird 80 Lamprochelidon Ridgway 81 FAMILY MOTACILLIDAE (Wagtails and Pipits) Motacilla Linnaeus 82 Anthus Bechstein 83 FAMILY BOMBYCILLIDAE (Waxwings) Bombycilla Vieillot 103 FAMILY PTILOGONATIDAE (Silky Flycatchers) Ptilogonys Swainson 105 Phainopepla Baird 107 Phainoplila Salvin 109 FAMILY DULIDAE (Palm Chats) Dulus Vieillot 110 FAMILY VIREONIDAE (Vireos) Vireo Vieillot Ill Neochloe Sclater 157 Laletes Sclater 157 Hylopkilus Temminck 157 Lawrencia Ridgway 186 FAMILY VIREOLANIIDAE (Shrike-Vireos) PAGE Vireolanius Bonaparte 186 Smaragdolanius Griscom 188 FAMILY CYCLARHIDAE (Pepper Shrikes) Cyclarhis Swainson 193 FAMILY LANIIDAE (Shrikes) Lanius Linnaeus 211 FAMILY STURNIDAE (Starlings) Sturnus Linnaeus 217 Acridotheres Vieillot 218 FAMILY COEREBIDAE (Honey Creepers) Diglossa Wagler 218 Chlorophanes Reichenbach 242 Iridophanes Ridgway 250 Cyanerpes Oberholser 252 Dacnis Cuvier 267 Hemidacnis Sclater 283 Xenodacnis Cabanis. 283 Coereba Vieillot 284 Ateleodacnis Cassin 314 Conirostrum Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny 321 Oreomanes Sclater 330 Euneornis Fitzinger 331 FAMILY COMPSOTHLYPIDAE (Wood Warblers) Mniotilta Vieillot 331 Protonotaria Baird 333 Limnothlypis Stone 334 Helmitheros Rafinesque 335 Vermivora Swainson 336 Compsothlypis Cabanis 347 Peucedramus Henshaw 359 Dendroica G. R. Gray 362 Catharopeza Sclater .* 414 Seiurus Swainson 414 Oporornis Baird 419 Teretistris Cabanis 423 Leucopeza Sclater 424 PACK PAGB Microligea Cory 424 Cardellina Bonaparte 455 Geothlypis Cabania 426 Setophaga Swainson 456 Chamaethlypis Ridgway 443 Myioborus Baird 459 Icteria Vieillot 446 Euthlypis Cabanis 473 Granatettus Bonaparte 448 Ergaticus Baird 474 Wilsonia Bonaparte 451 Basileuterus Cabanis 476 LIST OF NEW NAMES PROPOSED IN PART VIII Vireo rirescens tobagensis subsp. nov 144 AMeodacnis bicolor minor subsp. nov 320 vi CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS BY CHARLES E. HELLMAYR PART VIII Order PASSERIFORMES— Continued Suborder OSCINES— Continued Family ALAUDIDAE. Larks Genus ALAUDA Linnaeus Alauda Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 165, 1758 — type, by subs, desig. (Swainson, Zool. Journ., 3, p. 344, 1827), Alauda artensis Linnaeus. Alauda arvensis arvensis Linnaeus. SKYLARK. Alauda artensis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 165, 1758 — "in Europae apricis"; restricted type locality, Sweden. Alauda arvensis arvensis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 4, p. 292, 1907 (monog., full bibliog.); Eaton, Bds. New York, 2, p. 201, 1914— Long Island. Range. — Europe (except Mediterranean region) and the British Isles. Accidental in (?) Greenland1 and Bermuda. Introduced and resident on Vancouver Island, British Columbia; also introduced, but not permanently established at several localities in the United States, although breeding for several years on Long Island, New York. 1 Whether the Skylark really ever occurred in Greenland is open to doubt. Neither Winge nor Helms nor Schalow know of any definite record, and its inclusion in the Greenlandic fauna appears to rest on Droste's vague statement (Journ. Cm., 17, p. 117, 1869) that two isolated specimens were shot "in America and Greenland." (Cf. Winge, Medd. Gr0nland, 21, p. 316, 1899.) 2 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Genus CHIONOPHILOS Brehm1 Eremophila (not Eremophilus Humboldt, 1811) Brehm, Isis, p. 322, 1828 — type, by subs, desig. (Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 13, p. 528, 1890), Alauda alpestris Linnaeus. Phikremos (not Phileremus Latreille, 1809) Brehm, Handb. Naturg. Vog. Deutschl., p. 312, 1831 — new name for Eremophila Boie. Chionophilos (Pete'nyi MS.) Brehm, Handb. Liebh. Stuben- und Hausvogel, p. 296, 1832 — type, by monotypy, Alauda alpestris Linnaeus. Niphophilos (Pete'nyi MS.) Brehm, Handb. Liebh. Stuben- und Hausvogel, p. 296, 1832 — substitute name for Chionophilos Brehm. Otocoris1 Bonaparte, Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat. Bologna, 2, p. 407, 1838 — type, by monotypy, Alauda cornuta Wilson = Alauda alpestris Linnaeus. Philammus Gray, List Gen. Bds., p. 47, 1840 — type, by orig. desig., Alauda alpestris Linnaeus. *Chionophilos alpestris arcticola (Oberholser). PALLID HORNED LARK. Otocoris alpestris arcticola Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 816, 1902 — Fort Reliance, Yukon River, British America (type in U. S. National Museum); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 4, p. 307, 1907 (monog., full bibliog.); Brooks and Swarth, Pac. Coast Avifauna, 17, p. 75, 1925 — British Columbia. Range. — Breeds in northwestern North America from Alaska (except Pacific coast strip) and in the upper Yukon Valley, south on high mountains through British Columbia to Washington; winters south to Oregon, Utah, and Montana. 3: British Columbia (Okanagan Landing, 2; Sumas, 1). *Chionophilos alpestris enthymius (Oberholser).3 SASKATCHE- WAN HORNED LARK. Otocoris alpestris enthymia Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 817, 1902 — St. Louis, Saskatchewan (type in U. S. National Museum); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 4, p. 308, 1907 (monog., bibliog.); Bailey, Bds. New Mex., p. 452, 1928— New Mexico. Range. — Breeds from central Saskatchewan, eastern Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado south to northwestern Texas, central Kansas, central Nebraska, and central North Dakota; winters south to Texas; casually to Utah and Arizona. 1 Cf. Laubmann, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 15, p. 222, 1922. 1 Emended variously to Otocorys, Otocoryx, and Otocornis. a Rather a questionable race, not admitted in the new A. O. U. Check List of 1931. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 3 25: Alberta (Whitla, 2); Saskatchewan (Quill Lake, 2); North Dakota (Braddock, 3; Jamestown, 2; Bottineau, 2; Minot, 1; Dickin- son, 7); Nebraska (Greenwood, 1; Fort Sidney, 5). *Chionophilos alpestris hoyti (Bishop). HOYT'S HORNED LARK. Otocoris alpestris hoyti Bishop, Auk, 13, p. 130, 1896 — Cando, Towner County, North Dakota (type in Bishop Collection); Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 812, 1902 (monog.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 4, p. 306, 1907 (monog., full bibliog.) ; Saunders, Pac. Coast Avifauna, 14, p. 94, 1921— Montana; Brooks and Swarth, I.e., 17, p. 77, 1925— British Columbia. Otocorys alpestris leucolaema (not Eremophila alpestris b. leucolaema Coues) Henshaw, Auk, 1, p. 258, 1884 — part, "interior of British America." Otocoris alpestris leucolaema Dwight, Auk, 7, p. 142, 1890 — part, Alaska and western British America, in winter into western United States to about latitude 40°. Range. — Breeds in middle northern Canada, north to Boothia Peninsula, west to the Mackenzie Valley, east to Hudson Bay, south to northern Alberta and Manitoba; winters south to Nevada, Utah, Kansas, Michigan, Ohio, New York, and Connecticut. 1: Wyoming (Fort Washakie, 1). *Chionophilos alpestris alpestris (Linnaeus). NORTHERN HORNED LARK. Alauda alpestris Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 166, 1758 — based on "The Lark" Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, 1, p. 32, pi. 32; Virginia and Carolina (in winter). Alauda cornuta Wilson, Amer. Orn., 1, p. 87 (in text), pi. 5, fig. 4, 1808 — new name for Alauda alpestris Linnaeus. Otocorys alpestris Henshaw, Auk, 1, pp. 257, 263, 1884 (monog.); Dwight, Auk, 7, p. 141, 1890. Otocoris alpestris alpestris Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 807, 1902 (monog.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 4, p. 303, 1907— (monog., full bibliog.). Range. — Breeds in northeastern North America, east of Hudson Bay and south to head of James Bay, Labrador, southeastern Quebec (Gaspe"), and Newfoundland; winters south to the Ohio Valley and Georgia, west to Manitoba; casual in Louisiana and Bermuda; accidental in Greenland. 42: Labrador (Indian Harbor, 4; Battle Harbor, 3); Quebec (Bryon Island, Magdalen Islands, 1); Maine (New Vineyard, 1); Massachusetts (Wellington, 1; Somerville, 1; Scituate, 1; Chatham 4 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Island, 1; Great Island, 6); Connecticut (Lyme, 2; Stratford, 1); New York (Shelter Island, 9; Suffolk County, 3; Brockport, 1); Illinois (Chicago, 3); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 4). *Chionophilos alpestris leucolaema (Coues). DESERT HORNED LARK. Eremophila alpestris var. leucolaema Coues, Birds Northwest, p. 38, 1874 — Fort Randall, South Dakota (type in U. S. National Museum). Otocorys alpestris arenicola Henshaw, Auk, 1, pp. 259, 265, 1884 (no type specimen or type locality specified; type from Denver, Colorado, in U. S. National Museum).1 Otocoris alpestris arenicola Dwight, Auk, 7, p. 142, 1890 (monog.). Otocoris alpestris leucolaema Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 820, 1902 (monog.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 4, p. 309, 1907 (monog., full bibliog.); Saunders, Pac. Coast Avifauna, 14, p. 91, 1921 — Montana; Grinnell, I.e., 11, p. 95, 1911 — California; idem, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 144, 1928— Lower California; Bailey, Bds. New Mex., p. 448, 1928 — New Mexico. Range. — Breeds in the interior of the western United States, north to southern Alberta, west to western Montana and Nevada, south to Utah, southern Colorado, eastern and central-southern New Mexico, and central-western Texas, east to central-northern Texas, central Colorado, Wyoming, and Montana; winters south to south- eastern California, extreme northern Lower California, Sonora, Chihuahua, and southern Texas. 23: Wyoming (Hat Creek, 3); Colorado (Loveland, 1; Fort Lyon, 3; Fraser, 3; Rocky Ford, 3; Larimer County, 2; Colorado Springs, 1; Fort Morgan, 1; Morgan County, 1; Fort Collins, 1; Mount Flora, 2); New Mexico (Mesilla, 1; Fort Union, 1). *Chionophilos alpestris praticola (Henshaw). PRAIRIE HORNED LARK. Otocorys alpestris praticola Henshaw, Auk, 1, p. 264, 1884 — Mount Carmel and Richland County, Illinois, and Gainesville, Texas (type from Richland County, Illinois, in U. S. National Museum). Otocoris alpestris praticola Dwight, Auk, 7, p. 144, 1890 (monog.); Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 825, 1902 (monog.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 4, p. 311, 1907 (monog., full bibliog.). Range. — Breeds in the northeastern United States and south- eastern Canada, from southwestern Quebec and southern Manitoba 1 Cf. Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 4, p. 311 (footnote), 1907. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 5 to eastern Kansas, central Missouri, Ohio, West Virginia, Maryland, and Connecticut; winters south to Texas, Tennessee, Georgia, and Florida, casually to Arizona and Colorado. 44: Connecticut (New Haven, 1); New York (Sennett, 1; Onaco, 1; Brockport, 1); Ohio (Garrettsville, 1); Indiana (Bluffton, 1; Tracy Station, 1); Illinois (Chicago, 4; Lavergne, 2; Clearing, 1; Turner Park, 1; Beach, 1; Waukegan, 2; Lewistown, 1; Stickney, 1); Iowa (Knoxville, 1) ; Michigan (Ann Arbor, 1) ; Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 16); Minnesota (Tintah, 1; Minneapolis, 1; Pipestown County, 1); North Dakota (Bismarck, 1); Nebraska (Gresham, 1); Texas (Dallas, 1). *Chionophilos alpestris giraudi (Henshaw). TEXAS HORNED LARK. Otocorys alpestris giraudi Henshaw, Auk, 1, p. 266, 1884 — Corpus Christi, Texas (type in U. S. National Museum). Otocoris alpestris giraudi Dwight, Auk, 7, p. 145, 1890 (monog.); Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 831, 1902 (monog.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 4, p. 314, 1907 (monog., full bibliog.); Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 79, 1911 — Matamoros, Tamaulipas; Griscom and Crosby, Auk, 43, p. 22, 1926 — coastal prairie of Brownsville region, Texas. Range. — Permanent resident in the coastal prairie region of extreme southeastern Texas (Galveston Bay) south to extreme north- eastern Tamaulipas, Mexico. 33: Texas (Corpus Christi, 27; Brownsville, 3; Port O'Connor, 2; San Pedro County, 1). Chionophilos alpestris strigatus (Henshaw). STREAKED HORNED LARK. Otocorys alpestris strigata Henshaw, Auk, 1, p. 267, 1881 — Fort Steilacoom, Puget Sound, Washington, and Yuba County, California (type from Fort Steilacoom in U. S. National Museum). Otocoris alpestris strigata Dwight, Auk, 7, p. 151, 1890 (monog.); Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 837, 1902 (monog.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 4, p. 316, 1907 (monog., full bibliog.); Grinnell, Pac. Coast Avifauna, 11, p. 94, 1915 — California localities; Jewett and Gabrielson, I.e., 19, p. 28, 1929; Burleigh, Auk, 46, p. 515, 1929. Range. — Breeds in the Pacific coast belt of Washington and Oregon west of the Cascade Mountains, south to Siskiyou County, California; winters in eastern Washington and Oregon south to northern California. 6 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII *Chionophilos alpestris merrilli (Dwight). DUSKY HORNED LARK. Olocoris alpestris merrilli Dwight, Auk, 7, p. 153, 1890 — Fort Klamath, Oregon (type in Brewster Coll., now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 833, 1902 (monog.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 4, p. 315, 1907 (monog., full bibliog.); Grinnell, Pac. Coast Avifauna, 11, p. 95, 1915 — California localities; Saunders, I.e., 14, p. 93, 1921 — Montana; Brooks and Swarth, I.e., 17, p. 76, 1925— British Columbia; Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 35, p. 285, 1930 (crit.). Otocoris alpestris sierrae Oberholser, Condor, 22, p. 34, 1920 — head of Pine Creek, Lassen County, California (type in U. S. National Museum). Range. — Breeds from southern British Columbia and north- western Idaho to northeastern California, east of the Cascades and in northwestern Nevada; winters south to central California.1 9: British Columbia (Okanagan Landing, 2); Washington (Pull- man, 1; Kiana, 1; Prescott, 1); Oregon (Portland, 1; Enterprise, 1; Eagle Point, 1; Medford, 1). *Chionophilos alpestris insularis (Dwight). ISLAND HORNED LARK. [Otocoris alpestris] insularis (Townsend MS.) Dwight, Auk, 7, p. 152 (in text), April, 1890 — "Santa Cruz group of islands," California (the type in the U. S. National Museum is from San Clemente Island); Townsend, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 13, p. 140, Sept., 1890— San Clemente Island. Otocoris alpestris insularis Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 839, 1902 (monog.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 4, p. 317, 1907 (monog., full bibliog.); Grinnell, Pac. Coast Avifauna, 11, p. 95, 1915; Howell, I.e., 12, p. 67, 1917 — California coastal islands. Chionophilos alpestris insularis Underdown, Auk, 48, p. 441, 1931 (crit.). Range. — Resident on the Santa Barbara Islands, California; in winter on the adjacent mainland. 15: California (San Clemente Island, 12; Santa Cruz Island, 3). * Chionophilos alpestris actius (Oberholser). CALIFORNIA HORNED LARK. Otocoris alpestris actia Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 845, 1902— Jacumba, San Diego County, California (type in U. S. National Museum); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 4, p. 320, 1907 (monog., full bibliog.); Grinnell, Pac. Coast Avifauna, 11, p. 94, 1915; idem, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 143, 1928— Lower California (distribution). 1 Another form, nearly allied to C. a. merrilli, has lately been separated by Oberholser as O. a. lamprochroma (Sci. Pub. Clevel. Mus. Nat. Hist., 4, p. 4, 1932; type from Warner Valley, Oregon). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 7 Otocorys alpestris rubeus Henshaw, Auk, 1, pp. 263, 267, 1884 — part, Santa Rosalia Bay, Lower California. Range. — Resident in middle and western California, from San Francisco south to northern Lower California, east to the San Joaquin Valley. 28: California (San Pedro, 4; San Diego, 2; Monterey, 4; Milton, 1; Sonoma, 1; San Bruno, 5; Santa Cruz, 2; Port Ballona, 1; Big Bear Valley, 2; Nicasio, 2; Los Bafios, 1; Los Angeles County, 1); Lower California (San Pedro Martir, 1; San Fernando, 1). Chionophilos alpestris enerterus (Oberholser).1 MAGDALENA HORNED LARK. Otocoris alpestris enertera Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 20, p. 41, 1907 — Llano de Yrais (near Magdalena Bay), Lower California (type in U. S. National Museum); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 4, p. 890, 1907 — central Lower California; Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 144, 1928— Lower California. Otocorys alpestris chrysolaema (not Alauda chrysolaema Wagler) fielding, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5, "1882," p. 530, 1883— Santa Rosalia Bay, Lower California. Otocoris alpestris pallida Dwight, Auk, 7, p. 154, 1890 — part, Magdalena and Santa Margarita Islands. Otocoris alpestris actia (not of Oberholser) Townsend, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 48, p. 17, 1923 — San Bartolome Bay; Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 845, 1902— part, Santa Rosalia Bay; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 4, p. 320, 1907 — part, northern Lower California. Range. — Resident locally from Santa Rosalia Bay south to Magdalena Bay, Lower California. *Chionophilos alpestris rubeus (Henshaw).2 RUDDY HORNED LARK. Otocorys alpestris rubeus Henshaw, Auk, 1, pp. 260, 267, 1884— Stockton, California (type in U. S. National Museum). Otocoris alpestris rubea Dwight, Auk, 7, p. 150, 1890 (monog.); Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 851, 1902 (monog.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 4, p. 322 (monog., full bibliog.); Grinnell, Pac. Coast Avifauna, 11, p. 94, 1915. 1 Chionophilos alpestris enerterus (Oberholser): "Similar to C. a. ammophilus, but smaller; the upper parts paler and more grayish; the cinnamomeous of nape, upper tail coverts, and bend of wing more pinkish." (Oberholser, I.e.). 2 As pointed out by Neumann (Journ. Orn., 75, pp. 374-376, 1927), it is not at all unlikely that the unique specimen of Otocoris berlepschi Hartert (Journ. Orn., 38, p. 103, 1890; Ibis, 1892, p. 522, pi. 13), said to be from "Caffraria," might prove to be a melanistic mutant of C. a. rubeus. 8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Range. — Sacramento Valley in central-northern California. 3: California (Marysville, 1; Nicasio, 1; Calaveras County, 1). "Chionophilos alpestris occiden tails (McCall). MONTEZUMA HORNED LARK. Otocoris occidentalis McCall, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 5, p. 218, 1851 — near Santa Fe, New Mexico (type in the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 21). Otocoris alpestris occidentalis Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 855, 1902 (monog.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 4, p. 324, 1907 (monog., full bibliog.); Swarth, Pac. Coast Avifauna, 10, p. 44, 1914 — Arizona; idem, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 18, p. 312, 1929— Arizona; Bailey, Bds. New Mex., p. 452, 1928 — New Mexico (distribution). Range. — Breeds from central Arizona to central New Mexico; winters south into western Texas and Chihuahua. 28: Arizona (Phoenix, 9); New Mexico (Deming, 10); Chihuahua (Bastillos, 8; Chihuahua, 1). *Chionophilos alpestris adustus (Dwight). SCORCHED HORNED LARK. Otocoris alpestris adusta Dwight, Auk, 7, p. 148, 1890 — Camp Huachuca, southern Arizona (type in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 858, 1902 (monog.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 4, p. 325 (monog., full bibliog.); Swarth, Pac. Coast Avifauna, 10, p. 44, 1914 — Arizona; idem, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 18, p. 311, 1929— Arizona; Oberholser, Sci. Pub. Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist., 1, p. 92, 1930 — Huachuca Mountains, Arizona; van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 266, 1931— fifteen miles northwest of Nogales, Sonora. Range. — Breeds in central-southern Arizona (on the plains and in the foothills of the Huachuca and Santa Rita Mountains) ; winters south to Sonora and Chihuahua. 20: Arizona (Huachuca Plains, 16; Fort Huachuca, 1; Bonita Canyon, 2; Santa Cruz County, 1). *Chionophilos alpestris ammophilus (Oberholser). MOHAVE HORNED LARK. Otocoris alpestris ammophila Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 849, 1902 — Coso Valley, southeastern California (type in U. S. National Museum); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 4, p. 321, 1907 (monog.); Grinnell, Pac. Coast Avifauna, 11, p. 95, 1915. Otocoris alpestris arenicola (not of Henshaw) Fisher, N. Amer. Fauna, 7, p. 66, 1893 — part, Coso Valley, Mohave Desert, and Darwin, southeastern California. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 9 Otocoris alpestris chrysolaema (not Alauda chrysolaema Wagler) Fisher, N. Amer. Fauna, 7, p. 67, 1893 — part, Panamint Mountains, southeastern California. Range. — Breeds in southeastern California from Owens Valley south to the Mohave Desert; winters south to the Mexican border. 2: California (Santa Isabel, San Diego County, 2). Chionophilos alpestris leucansiptilus (Oberholser). BLEACHED HORNED LARK. Otocoris alpestris leucansiptila Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 864, 1902 — Yuma, Arizona (type in U. S. National Museum); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 4, p. 327, 1907 (monog.); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 144, 1928 — Lower California. Range. — Extreme southern Nevada south along the Colorado River in western Arizona and eastern California to northeastern Lower California. / Chionophilos alpestris dwighti Stresemann.1 SONORAN HORNED LARK. Otocoris alpestris pallida (Townsend MS.) Dwight, Auk, 7, p. 154, 1890 — near mouth of Colorado River, Sonora (type in U. S. National Museum); Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 863, 1902 (monog.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 4, p. 326, 1907 (monog., full bibliog.); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 146, 1928 (crit.). Chionophilos alpestris dwighti Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 30, p. 88, 1922 — new name for 0. a. pallida Dwight, preoccupied.2 Range. — Resident in coastal district of the Gulf of California in northwestern Sonora. *Chionophilos alpestris aphrastus (Oberholser). CHIHUAHUA HORNED LARK. Otocoris alpestris aphrasta Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 860, 1902 — Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, Mexico (type in U. S. National Mu- seum); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 4, p. 326, 1907 (monog., full bibliog.); Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 22, p. 168, 1906— north- western Durango; Bailey, Bds. New Mex., p. 452, 1928. Range. — Resident in extreme southeastern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and southeast through Chihuahua to Durango and Coahuila. 1 Chionophilos alpestris dwighti Stresemann: "Similar to 0. a. aphrastus, but paler above, the nape less pinkish, the back less dusky." (Oberholser, I.e.). Grinnell (I.e., p. 146), however, considers its distinctness from C. a. leucansiptilus as extremely doubtful. 2 Otocoris alpestris pallida Dwight is rendered untenable by Phileremos pallidus Brehm (Isis, 1842, p. 504 — mountains of Siberia), which refers to one of the Asiatic races of the Horned Lark. 10 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 3: Arizona (forty miles southeast of Tucson, 1; Ramsay Canyon, 1; Wilcox, 1). Chionophilos alpestris diaphorus (Oberholser). TAMAULIPAS HORNED LARK. Otocoris alpestris diaphora Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 829, 1902 — Miquihuana, Tamaulipas (type in U. S. National Museum); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 4, p. 313, 1907 (monog., full bibliog.)- Range. — Eastern Mexico, in southern Tamaulipas and Hidalgo; in winter to Oaxaca. *Chionophilos alpestris chrysolaema (Wagler). MEXICAN HORNED LARK. Alauda chrysolaema Wagler, Isis, 1831, p. 530 — Mexico (type in Munich Museum). Alauda minor (not of Gmelin) Giraud, Sixteen Species N. Amer. Bds., p. 33, 1841— "Texas" (type in U. S. National Museum). Otocorys alpestris chrysolaema Henshaw, Auk, 1, p. 260, 1884 (monog.). Otocoris alpestris chrysolaema Dwight, Auk, 7, p. 149, 1890 — part (monog.); Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 842, 1902 (monog.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 4, p. 319, 1907 (monog., full bibliog.). Range. — Resident in the southern portion of the Mexican plateau, in states of Vera Cruz, Puebla, Mexico, Tlaxcala, Zacatecas, Guana- juato, and eastern Jalisco. 1: Jalisco (Tuxpan, 1). Chionophilos alpestris oaxacae (Nelson). OAXACA HORNED LARK. Otocoris alpestris oaxacae Nelson, Auk, 14, p. 54, 1897 — San Mateo del Mar, Oaxaca (type in U. S. National Museum); Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 854, 1902 (monog.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 4, p. 323, 1907 (monog., full bibliog.). Eremophila alpestris oaxacae Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, p. 401, 1928— Chivela, Oaxaca. Otocorys chrysolaema (not Alauda chrysolaema Wagler) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 27, p. 372, 1859— Oaxaca, Mexico (crit.). Otocoris alpestris pallida Dwight, Auk, 7, p. 154, 1890 — part, Tehuantepec, Oaxaca (crit.). Range. — Resident in southern Oaxaca, Mexico. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 11 *Chionophilos alpestris peregrinus (Sclater).1 BOGOTA HORNED LARK. Otocorys peregrina Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 110, 1855 — Bogota (type in British Museum). Otocoris chrysolaemos (not Alauda chrysolaema Wagler) Bonaparte, Atti Sesta Riun. Sci. Ital., p. 405, 1845— Bogota. Otocoris alpestris chrysolaema Dwight, Auk, 7, p. 149, 1890 — part, Bogota. Otocoris alpestris peregrina Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 841, 1902— vicinity of Bogota (monog.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 4, p. 300 (footnote), 1907— highlands of Colombia; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 554, 1917 — Bogota savannah, La Mar, La Holanda, and El Carmen, Colombia. Range. — Resident in the savannah of Bogota, Colombia. 3: Colombia ("Bogota," 1; El Carmen, 1; La Mar, 1). Family HIRUNDINIDAE. Swallows Genus PROGNE Boie Progne Boie, Isis, 1826, col. 971 — type, by virtual monotypy, Hirundo purpurea Linnaeus= Hirundo subis Linnaeus. Procne Des Murs, in Chenu, Encycl. Hist. Nat., Ois., 2, p. 229, 1852 — emendation. *Progne subis subis (Linnaeus).2 PURPLE MARTIN. Hirundo subis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 192, 1758 — based on "The Great American Martin" Edwards, Nat. Hist. Bds., 3, p. 120, pi. 120; Hudson's Bay. Hirundo purpurea Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 344, 1766 — based on "Purple Martin" Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, 1, p. 51, pi. 51; Virginia and Carolina. Hirundo violacea Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 1026, 1789 — based on "Hiron- delle de la Louisiane" Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 722; Louisiana. Hirundo caerulea Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amer. Sept., 1, p. 57, pis. 26, 27, 1807 — new name for Hirundo subis Linnaeus, H. purpurea Linnaeus, and H. violacea Gmelin. Hirundo versicolor Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., 14, p. 509, 1817 — new name for Hirundo subis Linnaeus, H. violacea Gmelin, and H. caerulea Vieillot. Progne subis floridana Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 918, 1902 — Lake Kissimmee, Florida (type in U. S. National Museum). 1 Chionophilos alpestris peregrinus (Sclater): Most closely resembling C. a. insularis, but much smaller; throat paler yellow; bend of wing slightly brighter rufescent. 2 Hirundo ludoviciana Cuvier (Regne Anim., 1, p. 374, "1817" [=Dec. 7, 1816]), based on "Martinet, de la Louisiane" Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 725, fig. 1, and "Purple Martin" Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, 1, p. 51, refers only in part to the present species, since the bird figured by Daubenton is unquestionably a swift. 12 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Progne subis Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 274, 1865 — North America (monog.; excl. Cape San Lucas); Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 14, 1902 — Suapure^ Caura River, Venezuela (March, April); Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 471, 1914 — Cussary and Rio Jamunda (Faro), Brazil; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 330, 1921 — upper Takutu Mountains, Ituribisci, and Supenaam. Progne subis subis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 31, 1904 (monog.); Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 159, 1916 — Suapure, Venezuela; Grinnell, Condor, 30, p. 122, 1928 (crit., range). Progne purpurea Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 16, 1868 — Barra do Rio Negro [=Manaos] and Manaqueri, Rio Solimoes, Brazil (Dec., Jan., Feb.; spec, in Vienna Museum examined); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 223, 1883 — part (excl. Bolivian and Argentine records); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 173, 1885 — part (excl. Cuba and Cape San Lucas); Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 439, pi. 87, 1893 (monog., excl. Cuba); Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 5, "1901," p. 264, 1902— Iguap6, Sao Paulo; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 340, 1907 — Bahia (range); Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 77, 1910— Joazeiro, Bahia, Brazil (spec, examined). Progne subis hesperia (not of Brewster) Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 35, 1904 — part, Pacific coast district of North America from Mexican boundary to Vancouver Island. Range. — North America from Alberta, Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, northwestern Ontario, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia west to Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Alaska (Cape Prince of Wales), and south to the Mexican boundary, the Gulf coast, Florida, and (very doubtfully) to eastern Mexico;1 migrating through Central America (very few, if any authentic records), Venezuela (Suapure', Caura Valley), and British Guiana (Takutu Mountains, Ituribisci, Supenaam); wintering in northern and eastern Brazil (Manaqueri, Rio Solimoes; Manaos; Cussary, opposite Montalegre, lower Amazon; Rio Jamunda, Faro; Joazeiro, Rio Sao Francisco, Bahia; Iguape', Sao Paulo).2 1 In the absence of specimens from Mexico I am unable to make out whether the purple martins reported to breed in the "alpine region of Vera Cruz" (P. subis Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, p. 547, 1869), in Guadalajara and Tepic (P. subis Lawrence, I.e., 2, p. 271, 1874) are really referable to the present form. It will be noted that Ridgway had only three breeding females from Guanajuato, which admittedly were badly soiled with fatty exudation of the skin. Breeding birds from Durango and Sonora have since proved to pertain to P. s. hesperia, a circumstance that casts serious doubts on the identification of the purple martins of southern Mexico. More information is urgently desired, the problem being furthermore complicated by the occurrence in Sinaloa of a white-bellied form (sinaloae). 2 Females taken in winter in northern Brazil agree fully with others from the eastern United States. Material examined. — Brazil: Manaqueri, Rio Solimoes, 2; Manaos, 5; Joazeiro, Bahia, 3. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 13 38: Connecticut (East Hartford, 1; Hadeyme, 1); Massachusetts (Denbay, 1); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 11); Illinois (Chicago, 2; Joliet, 1; Highland Park, 1; Deerfield, 1); Florida (Key West, 2; Gainesville, 1; New River, 1; Kissimmee River, 1); Texas (Corpus Christi, 2); California (Santa Isabel, 1; Riverside, 1; Paicines, San Benito County, 1); Mexico (Babicora, Chihuahua, 8; Cozumel Island, Yucatan, 1). *Progne subis hesperia Brewster. WESTERN MARTIN. Progne subis hesperia Brewster, Auk, 6, p. 92, 1889 — Sierra de la Laguna, Lower California (types in collection of W. Brewster, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 291, 1930); Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 485, 1893— Rio Escondido, Nicaragua (Sept. 13); Anthony, Zoe, 4, p. 243, 1893 — San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California; idem, Auk, 12, p. 141, 1895 — San Fernando, Lower California; Brewster, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 41, p. 164, 1902 — Lower California (habits); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 35, 1904— part, Lower California; Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 22, p. 177, 1906— Arroyo del Buey, Durango (May 29; crit., range); Grinnell, Condor, 30, pp. 122, 124, 1928— Lower California (crit., range); idem, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 188, 1928 — Lower California; van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 269, 1931 — Saric, Tobari Bay, El Alamo, and Tibur6n Island, Sonora, and Tucson, Arizona (crit.). Progne hesperia Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 455, pi. 88, 1893 — part, Lower California. Progne purpurea (not Hirundo purpurea Linnaeus) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 173, 1885 — part, Lower California. Range. — Lower California and adjoining parts of Arizona (Tucson) and Sonora, possibly extending into western Texas (Fort Davis) ;: on migration in Nicaragua (Rio Frio; Sept. 13); winter home unknown. 2: Lower California (San Basilic, 1; San Jose" del Cabo, 1). *Progne subis cryptoleuca Baird.2 CUBAN MARTIN. 1 The range of P. s. hesperia has yet to be determined. Grinnell restricts it to Lower California, and refers Arizona birds to typical subis, although a slight tendency to the characters of hesperia is admitted. Miller, on the other hand, unhesitatingly calls them hesperia, with which he also places a single breeding female from Fort Davis in western Texas. Van Rossem identifies a series of supposedly breeding birds from Tucson as hesperia, but claims that four others from the Chiricahua Mountains "are good subis." Specimens from Babicora, Chihuahua, I cannot separate from subis. Though the females, by their slightly whiter belly, vary in the direction of hesperia, these birds are among the largest I have seen, the length of their wings measuring fully 150 mm. or more. 2 Progne subis cryptoleuca Baird is so decidedly intermediate between P. s. subis and P. s. dominicensis that I do not hesitate to unite the Caribbean Martin in the same specific group. Cuban females cannot be told by any character from those of dominicensis, while five males, by the varying amount of white below, form a nearly unbroken chain between the two "species." Material examined. — Cuba, 8. 14 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Progne cryptoleuca Baird, Rev. Amer. Bets., 1, p. 277, May, 1865 — Cuba and Cape Florida, Florida (type from Remedies, Cuba, in U. S. National Museum); Gundlach, Journ. Orn., 20, p. 431, 1872 — Cuba (habits, nest, and eggs); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 37, 1904— Cuba, accidental in Florida (monog., bibliog.) ; Bangs and Zappey, Amer. Natur., 39, p. 209, 1905 — Manigua, Isle of Pines; Todd, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 10, p. 260, 1916 — Los Indios, Isle of Pines; Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 109, 1923— Cuba. Hirundo purpurea (not of Linnaeus) d'Orbigny, in Sagra, Hist. Cuba, Ornith., p. 94, 1840— part, Cuba. Progne purpurea Gundlach and Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 4, p. 3, 1856 — Cuba; Gundlach, I.e., 9, p. 328, 1861— Cuba; Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 7, p. 306, 1860— Cuba; (?) Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 223, 1883 — part, Belize, British Honduras (crit.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 173, 632, 1885 — part, Cuba, and (?) spec, b', British Honduras; Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 439, 1893 — part, Cuba and (?) British Honduras. Progne subis (not Hirundo subis Linnaeus) Cory, Auk, 3, p. 56, 1886 — Cuba; idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 70, 1889— Cuba. Progne dominicensis (not Hirundo dominicensis Gmelin) Cory, Auk, 8, p. 294, 1891— Cuba (seen). Range. — Island of Cuba, including the Isle of Pines, Greater Antilles; occasional in southern Florida (Cape Florida, May 18, 1858; Key West, May 9, 1895; Clearwater, date not recorded); (?) British Honduras (Belize). 3: Cuba (unspecified, 2); Florida (Key West, 1). *Progne subis dominicensis (Gmelin). CARIBBEAN MARTIN. Hirundo dominicensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 1025, 1789 — based on "Hirundo dominicensis" Brisson, Orn., 2, p. 493, and "Hirondelle d'Amer- ique" Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 545, fig. 1, Santo Domingo; Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amer. Sept., 1, p. 59, pis. 28, 29, 1807— Porto Rico and Santo Domingo; Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 10, p. 252, 1866— Porto Rico; idem, I.e., 11, p. 94, 1867 — Dominican Republic. Hirundo albiventris Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., 14, p. 533, 1817 — new name for Hirundo dominicensis Gmelin. Progne dominicensis Jardine, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 18, p. 120, 1846 — Tobago (breeding); Gosse, Bds. Jamaica, p. 69, 1847 — Jamaica (habits); Salle, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 25, p. 232, 1857— Santo Domingo; Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 38, 1862 — part, spec, b, Jamaica; March, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, p. 295 — Jamaica (habits, nest, and eggs); Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 166— Porto Rico; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 279, 1865 — Jamaica (Spanishtown) and Porto Rico (crit.); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1876, p. 14 — Santa Lucia; Gundlach, Journ. Orn., 26, p. 172, 1878— Porto Rico (eggs); idem, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 7, p. 196, 1878 — Porto Rico (habits); Lawrence, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1, pp. 56, 190, 269, 1878— Dominica, St. Vincent, and Grenada; idem, I.e., 1, p. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 15 354, 1879— Martinique; Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 5, p. 166, 1880— Santa Lucia; Lister, Ibis, 1880, p. 40 — St. Vincent; Cory, Bds. Haiti and San Dom., p. 44, [pi. 21], fig. 2, 1885 — Samana, Santo Domingo; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 176, 633, 1885 (monog.); Cory, Auk, 3, p. 56, 1886— Santo Domingo and Antilles (descr.); Wells, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 612, 1887— Grenada (habits); Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 465, pi. 91, 1889 (monog.); Feilden, Ibis, 1889, p. 483 — Barbados; Cory, Bds. W. Ind., p. 70, 1889 — Santo Domingo and Antilles; idem, Auk, 8, pp. 47, 48, 1891— St. Eustatius and St. Kitts; Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., 8, p. 340, 1892— Dominica; Scott, Auk, 10, p. 181, 1893 — Priestman's River, Jamaica; Cory, Auk, 10, p. 220, 1893 — Tobago; Field, Auk, 11, p. 127, 1894— Port Henderson, Jamaica; Wells, Auk, 19, p. 347, 1902— Carriacou; Bowdish, Auk, 20, p. 15, 1903— Mona, Porto Rico, and Vieques; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 38, 1904 (monog.); Clark, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 32, pp. 289, 304, 305, 306, 1905 — St. Vincent, Grenadines (Canouan, Carriacou), Grenada; Verrill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 61, p. 364, 1909— Dominican Republic; Wetmore, Auk, 33, p. 416, 1916— Vieques; idem, U. S. Dept. Agric. Bull., 326, p. 88, 1916 — Porto Rico (habits, food); Noble, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 60, p. 388, 1916— Guadeloupe and Grande Terre; Peters, I.e., 61, p. 418, 1917 — Sosua, Rio San Juan, Dominican Republic; Struthers, Auk, 40, p. 475, 1923 — Porto Rico; Danforth, Journ. Dept. Agric. Porto Rico, 10, p. Ill, 1926 — Cartagena Lagoon, Porto Rico; Wetmore, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Is., 9, p. 477, 1927 — Mona, Porto Rico, Vieques (habits); Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, pp. 507, 535, 1928— Haiti (Lake Euriquillo), Santa Lucia, St. Vincent, and Barbados; Dan- forth, Auk, 45, p. 488, 1928 — Jamaica (Kingston, Lumsden, Black River); idem, Auk, 46, p. 371, 1929— Hispaniola; Moltoni, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., 68, p. 320, 1929— Moca, Santo Domingo; Bond, Auk, 47, p. 271, 1930— Fredericksted, St. Croix; Wetmore and Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 323, 1931— Hispaniola (habits). Progne chalybea chalybea (not Hirundo chalybea Gmelin) Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 13 (in text), 1906 — part, "male" [=female] from Castare, Tobago (spec, reexamined). Range. — Greater and Lesser Antilles (islands of Jamaica, Haiti, Mona, Porto Rico, Vieques, St. Croix, St. Martin, St. Eustatius, St. Christopher, Dominica, Martinique, Santa Lucia, St. Vincent, Grenadines [Canouan, Carriacou], Grenada, Barbados) and the island of Tobago.1 1 A single adult male from Tobago has the throat and sides more suffused with dark brown, less "solidly" violaceous steel blue, than is the rule in Antillean specimens, but similar individuals also occur on other islands, one from St. Eustatius being hardly distinguishable on this score. Such examples closely approach P. c. chalybea, which is already found in Trinidad. A female from Tobago, however, seems to be exactly like West Indian birds. Additional specimens examined. — Jamaica, 1; Porto Rico, 2; Grenada, 3; Tobago (Castare), 1. 16 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 11: Jamaica (Kingston, 1; unspecified, 1); Haiti (Samana, 5); St. Eustatius, 2; St. Kitts, 1; Tobago, 1. Progne (subis?) sinaloae Nelson.1 SINALOA MARTIN. Progne sinaloae Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 59, 1898 — Plomosas, Sinaloa, Mexico (type in U. S. National Museum); Ridgway, Bull. U. S- Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 40, 1904— Plomosas, Sinaloa (crit.); Holt, Auk, 43, p. 550, 1926 — Laguna Perdida, Dept. Peten, Guatemala (crit.). Range. — Western Mexico, in State of Sinaloa (Plomosas), and Guatemala (Laguna Perdida, Dept. Peten, March 14, 1920). *Progne chalybea chalybea (Gmelin).2 WHITE-BELLIED MARTIN. Hirundo chalybea Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 1026, 1789— based on "L'Hirondelle de Cayenne" Brisson (Orn., 2, p. 495, pi. 46, fig. 1) and Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 545, fig. 2; Cayenne. Hirundo purpurea (not of Linnaeus) Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, p. 671, "1848" [=1849]— coast of British Guiana. . Progne purpurea Leotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 92, 1866 — Trinidad (part, descr. of "female" and "young male"1). Progne dominicensis (not Hirundo dominicensis Gmelin) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 25, p. 201, 1857 — San Andres Tuxtla, Vera Cruz; idem, I.e., 27, p. 364, 1859— Jalapa, Vera Cruz; idem, I.e., 28, p. 292, 1860— Esmeraldas, Ecuador; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 38, 1862 — part, spec, a, c, e, Esmeraldas, Jalapa, and Guatemala; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 13 — Guatemala; Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 466— Belize, British Honduras; Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. 110 — Comayagua, Honduras; Owen, Ibis, 1861, p. 61 — San Geronimo, Guatemala (egg descr.). Progne chalybea Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 402, 1860 — San Jose, Costa Rica (crit.); Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 133— Cartagena; Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 318, 1862— Panama Rail- road; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 348 — Panama Railroad; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 258 — Xeberos, Yurimaguas, Chyavetas, 1 Progne (subis?) sinaloae Nelson is stated by Ridgway to be similar in colora- tion to P. s. dominicensis, but to differ by smaller size (wing of males, 136-138; tail, 67-72). Without any material from Sinaloa it is, of course, impossible to express an opinion on the validity of the form, but it should be noted that various individuals from the West Indies (St. Kitts, St. Eustatius) have even shorter wings (132-133), though at the same time longer tails (77-84). Nelson's original specimens, shot late in July, were probably breeding birds, while the only other recorded example, a male in the Shufeldt Collection taken at Laguna Perdida, eastern Guatemala, on March 14, 1920, may have been a migrant. The female is still unknown. As in neighboring parts of Mexico (Tepic, Guanajuato, Durango, Sonora) P. s. subis and P. s. hesperia are reported to breed, the status of P. sinaloae is shrouded in considerable obscurity. 2 It is not impossible that "L'Hirondelle tachet£e de Cayenne" Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 546, fig. 1, upon which Hirundo maculata Boddaert (Tabl. PL Enl., p. 32, 1783) and Hirundo maculosa Kuhl (Buff, et Daub. Fig. Av. Nom. Syst., p. 10, 1820) are based, might have been intended for the juvenile plumage of the White-bellied Martin. * The adult male "dScrit d'apres les auteurs" is, of course, that of P. 8. subis. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 17 and Chamicuros, Peru; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 495 — Remedies, Colombia; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 282, 1865 — Cayenne (crit.); Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 377 — Para; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 224, 1883 — part, Mexico to the Amazon, and Ecuador (excl. syn. H. domestica, Brazil and Paraguay); Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 237, 1884 — Peruvian localities; Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 205 — Bartica Grove, British Guiana; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 178, 633, 1885 (monog.); idem and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 473, pi. 92, 1887 (monog.); Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 107, 1887 — Panama and Costa Rica (San Jos6); Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1890, p. 210— Shkolak, Yucatan; Cherrie, Auk, 9, p. 22, 1892— San Jos6, Costa Rica (nesting); Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 486, 1893— Bluefields, Nicaragua; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 6, p. 28, 1894 — mouth of Cipero River, Moruga, and Monos Boca, Trinidad; Robinson and Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18, pp. 678, 685, 1896— Porlamor and El Valle, Margarita Island, and La Guaira, Venezuela; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 10, p. 26, 1898— Jalapa, Vera Cruz; Robinson and Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 176, 1901— La Guaira, Venezuela; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 14, 1902 — Venezuela (Quiribana de Caicara and Altagracia, Orinoco; Suapure, Caura); Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. CL, 3, p. 59, 1902— Boquete and Bugaba, Panama; Clark, Auk, 19, p. 266, 1902— Margarita Island; Menegaux, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 10, p. 116, 1904— Mahury, French Guiana; Miller, Auk, 23, p. 226, 1906— Rio Grande City and Hidalgo, Texas; Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 123, 1907— El Rancho, Guatemala; Cory, I.e., p. 249, 1909 — Porlamor, Margarita Island; Ferry, I.e., p. 273, 1910— Guayabo, Costa Rica; Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, pp. 110, 316, 1908 — Cayenne and Mahury, French Guiana; Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 9, 1908 — Cachoeira, Rio Purus; Jewell, Auk, 30, p. 428, 1913 — Panama; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 206, 1913— Cano Corosal, Venezuela; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 471, 1914 — Para, Santo Antonio do Prata, Rio Guama (Ourem), Maraj6 (Livramento), Amapa, Monte Alegre, and Rio Purus (Cachoeira); Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 331, 1921 — numerous localities (habits); Griscom and Crosby, Auk, 43, p. 27, 1926— Hidalgo, Texas. Procne chalybea Salvador! and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 10, 1899 — Vinces and Balzar, Ecuador. Progne chalybea chalybea Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 40, 1904 (monog., full bibliog.); Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, p. 155, 1905— San Miguel Island; idem, I.e., p. 220, 1906— savanna of Panama; Cole, I.e., 50, p. 134, 1906 — Chichen Itza, Yucatan; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 13, 1906— Seelet, Trinidad; Bangs, Auk, 24, p. 305, 1907 — Boruca and Paso Real de Terraba, Costa Rica; Beebe, Zoologica (N.Y.), 1, p. 98, 1909— Rio Guarapiche, Orinoco Delta; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 269, 1910 — Calama, Rio Madeira; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 792, 1910— Costa Rica; Hellmayr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911, p. 1093— Novita, Choco, Colombia; Peters, Auk, 30, p. 377, 1911— Xcopen and Camp Mengel, Quintana Roo; Hellmayr, Abhandl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Phys. Kl., 26, No. 2, pp. 5, 87, 118, 1912— Peixe-Boi, 18 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Para, and Mexiana; Beebe, Zoologica (N.Y.), 2, p. 103, 1916— Utinga, Para; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 160, 1916 — Orinoco River (Altagracia, Caicara, Quiribana, de Caicara, Las Guacas, San Felix River) and Caura, Venezuela; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 502, 1917 — Cali, Malena, Algodonal (Magdalena River), and Florencia, Colombia; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 270, 1918— Gatun, Panama; Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 82, 1918 — vicinity of Paramaribo, Dutch Guiana; Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 12, No. 8, p. 35, 1919— Pacora, Panama; idem, I.e., 13, No. 4, p. 45, 1921— Pearl Islands; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 438, 1922— Mamatoco and Fundaci6n, Santa Marta, Colombia; Hallinan, Auk, 41, p. 323, 1924 — Farfan, Balboa, and Darien Radio Station, Panama; Chap- man, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 555, 1926 — Bucay and Santa Elena, Ecuador; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 171, 1928— Rio Inhangapy, Para; Kennard and Peters, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 38, p. 458, 1928 — Almirante, Panama; Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, p. 456, 1929 — Martinez Creek and Tela, Honduras; idem, I.e., 71, p. 329, 1931 — Swan Key, Panama; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 66, p. 316, 1930 — Calama, Rio Madeira, and Utiarity, Matto Grosso; Griscom, I.e., 64, p. 283, 1932— Hacienda California, Guatemala. Progne leucogaster Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 280, May, 1865 — San Andres (near Vera Cruz), Tehuantepec, Guatemala (Cahab6n, Duefias), Salvador (Acajutla), Costa Rica (San Jos6), Cartagena, Panama (type from Cahab6n, Vera Paz, Guatemala, in U. S. National Museum); Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N.Y., 8, p. 96, 1868— San Jos<§, Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 294, 1869 — Costa Rica; Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, p. 547, 1869— Orizaba, Vera Cruz; Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, p. 17, 1876 — Tehuantepec (Barrio); Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 139, 1886— Jalapa, Vera Cruz. Progne leucogastra Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 569 — Mexiana Island and Para; idem, I.e., 1867, pp. 749, 754 — Xeberos and Yurimaguas, Peru; idem, I.e., 1870, p. 836 — San Pedro, Honduras; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 323 — Catamucho, Magdalena River, Colombia; Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5, p. 391, 1882— La Palma de Nicoya, Costa Rica. Progne domestica (not Hirundo domestica Vieillot) Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 17, 1868 — part, Obidos (spec, examined). Range. — From the lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas1 through eastern Mexico,2 in states of Coahuila (Sabinas), Tamaulipas (Vic- 1 Two specimens on record: a male from Rio Grande City (April 25) and a female from Hidalgo (May 18, 1889). *We have not seen any Mexican material. Birds from Guatemala and Costa Rica appear to be inseparable from those of South America. Specimens from Para and Maranhao (Miritiba), by somewhat larger dimensions, approach the southern race, P. c. domestica. Some individuals from Guiana and Venezuela come so very close to certain specimens of P. s. dominicensis that one is tempted to assume their conspecific relationship. Cf., however, the footnote to P. modesta murphyi (p. 23). Material examined. — Sixty-nine specimens from the whole range except Mexico and Texas. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 19 toria), Vera Cruz, Oaxaca (Tehuantepec), Chiapas, Yucatan (Shkolak, Chichen Itza), and Quintana Roo (Xcopen, Camp Mengel), and Central America south to western Ecuador; eastern Peru; northern Brazil (the most southerly locality being Utiarity, in northern Matto Grosso), east into northern Maranhao; Venezuela; Guianas; island of Trinidad. 24: Mexico (Temax, Yucatan, 1); Guatemala (El Rancho, Zacapa, 1); Costa Rica (Miravalles, 2; Las Caiias, 1; Guayabo, 2; Limon, 1; San Jose", 2); Nicaragua (San Emilio, 1); Panama, Canal Zone (between Frijoles and Darien, 3; Colon, 1); Venezuela (Por- lamor, Margarita Island, 1; Encontrados, Zulia, 2); Brazil, Amazonas (Boa Vista, 1; Serra da Lua, 1); Peru (Moyobamba, 1; Lagunas, 3). *Progne chalybea domestica (Vieillot).1 AZARA'S MARTIN. Hirundo domestica Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. &L, 14, p. 520, 1817 — based on "Golondrina domestica" Azara, No. 300; Paraguay and La Plata River. Hirundo purpurea (not of Linnaeus) Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 68, 1837 — part, Guarayos, Chiquitos, and Corrientes (spec, in Paris Museum examined). Progne purpurea Gould, in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 38, 1839 — part, Monte- video; Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 168 — Buenos Aires (Sept. to Feb., breeding); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 595 — part, Guarayos and Chiquitos (ex d'Orbigny); Gibson, Ibis, 1880, p. 22 — Cape San Antonio, Buenos Aires (in part, breeding). Hirundo violacea (not of Gmelin) Wied, Reise Bras., 1, p. 198 (8vo ed., p. 195), 1820— Quartel do Riacho, Espirito Santo. Hirundo chalybea (not of Gmelin) Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 354, 1830 — part, descr. of female and young, eastern Brazil. Progne chalybea Sclater and Hudson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1872, p. 606 — part, Buenos Aires; Lee, Ibis, 1873, p. 133 — Rio Gato, Entre Rios; White, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 595 — Flores, Buenos Aires; Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 88, 1883— Conception del Uruguay, Entre Rios (breeding); Dalgleish, Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edinb., 8, p. 78, 1884— Tala, Uruguay (nest and eggs descr.); Gibson, Ibis, 1885, p. 277 — Paysandu, Uruguay; Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 1, p. 25, 1888 — part, Argentina; Frenzel, Journ. Orn., 39, p. 118, 1891 — Cordoba; Holland, Ibis, 1891, p. 16; idem, Ibis, 1892, p. 195 — Estancia Espartillar, Buenos Aires; Kerr, Ibis, 1892, p. 123 — Fortin Page, lower Pilcomayo; Koslowsky, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6, p. 278, 1895— Chilecito, La Rioja; Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 5, 1897— Caiza, Bolivia; Gibson, Ibis, 1919, p. 380 — Cape San Antonio, Buenos Aires. 1 Progne chalybea domestica (Vieillot) differs from the typical form only in larger size and paler throat and foreneck. 20 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Progne dominicensis (not Hirundo dominicensis Gmelin) Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 141, 1856— Nova Friburgo, Rio; Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 38, 1862— part, spec, d, Brazil. Progne domestica Burmeister, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 253, 1860 — Argentina (in part); idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 477, 1861 — Argentina (part, "young"); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 282, 1865 — Paraguay and Bolivia (crit.); Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 17, 1868 — part, Rio de Janeiro, Marambaya, Ypanema, and Caigara (spec, examined); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 159 — Conchitas, Buenos Aires (crit.); Sternberg, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 269, 1869— Buenos Aires (breeding habits); Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 442 — Minas Geraes (crit.); Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 234, 1873 — Blumenau, Santa Catharina; Doering, Per. Zool. Arg., 1, p. 254, 1874 — Barrancas, Corrientes; Holm- berg, Act. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, 5, p. 81, 1884 — Tandll, Buenos Aires; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 177, 633, 1885— Santa Catharina and Buenos Aires; idem and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 469, 1887 (monog.); Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 3, p. 346, 1891— Chapada, Matto Grosso; Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 10, No. 208, p. 3, 1895 — Colonia Risso, Paraguay; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 118, 1899 — Mundo Novo and Pedras Brancas, Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 139, 1899— Sao Paulo (Ypiranga, Piraci- caba, Sao Sebastiao); idem, I.e., 4, p. 152, 1900 — Cantagallo, Rio; Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 174, 1902 — Tucuman; idem, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, p. 40, 1905— Tucuman; Chubb, Ibis, 1910, p. 607— Sapucay, Paraguay; Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 77, 1910 — Bahia (Joazeiro), Pernambuco (Pao d'Alho), and Piauhy (Parnagua) (spec, examined); Grant, Ibis, 1911, p. 90 — Los Yngleses, Ajo, and Colonia Mihanovitch, Formosa (breeding). Progne chalybea domestica Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 116, 1885 — Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 35, p. 5, 1887 — Lambare, Paraguay; Stempelmann and Schulz, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, 10, p. 400, 1890— Cordoba; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 340, 1907 — Sao Paulo (Piracicaba, Jundiahy, Jaboticabal, Sao Sebastiao), Minas Geraes (Vargem Alegre), and Parana (Ourinho); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 25, 1908 — Rio Araguaya, Goyaz; Hartert and Venturi, I.e., 16, p. 168, 1909 — Barracas al Sud, Buenos Aires; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 351, 1910 (range in Argen- tina); Chrostowski, Compt. Rend. Soc. Scient. Varsovie, 5, pp. 485, 499, 1912 — Vera Guarany, Parana; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 61, 1914 — Alto Parana, Paraguay; Hussey, Auk, 33, p. 395, 1916 — La Plata; M6negaux, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., 9, p. 58, 1917 — Pocone and Corumba, Matto Grosso; Sanzin, El Hornero, 1, p. 51, 1918 — Tunuyan, Mendoza; Dabbene, I.e., 1, p. 240, 1919— Isla Martin Garcia; Tremoleras, I.e., 2, p. 22, 1920— Uruguay (Montevideo, Canelones, San Jose, Colonia, Rio Negro, Rocha) ; Daguerre, I.e., 2, p. 269, 1922 — Rosas, Prov. Buenos Aires (breeding); Serte and Smyth, I.e., 3, p. 51, 1923 — Santa Elena, Entre Rios (November to March); Giacomelli, I.e., 3, p. 68, 1923— La Rioja; Pereyra, I.e., 3, p. 171, 1923 — Zelaya, Buenos Aires; Marelli, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 651, 1924 — northern and eastern Buenos Aires (breeding); 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 21 Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 346, 1926— Formosa (Formosa), Paraguay (Puerto Pinasco), Buenos Aires (Buenos Aires, Dolores, Lavalle, Santo Domingo), Mendoza, Uruguay (Carrasco, La Paloma, Lazcano, Corrales, Rio Negro); Wilson, El Hornero, 3, p. 359, 1926 — Dept. General Lopez, Santa Fe; Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 181, 1926 — Fazenda Ferreira, Parana; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 265, 1929 — Parnagua, Piauhy; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 316, 1930 — Matto Grosso; Laubmann, Wissens. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 306, 1930— San Jos6, Formosa (crit.). Progne chalybea chalybea Laubmann, Wissens. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 305, 1930 — Bolivia (San Jose and Ignacito, Santa Cruz; crit.). Progne furcata (not of Baird) Aplin, Ibis, 1894, p. 165 — Uruguay (spec, in British Museum examined). Range. — Brazil, from the interior of Piauhy (Parnagua) and Pernambuco through the eastern states south to Rio Grande do Sul and Matto Grosso; eastern Bolivia; Paraguay; Uruguay; and northern Argentina south to Buenos Aires, Cordoba, and Mendoza.1 14: Bolivia (Buenavista, Santa Cruz, 8); Brazil (Piraputanga, Matto Grosso, 2; Fazenda Cayoa, Salto Grande do Rio Parana- panema, Sao Paulo, 2) ; Uruguay (Maldonado, 1) ; Argentina (Puerto Segundo, Misiones, 1). *Progne modesta elegans Baird. PATAGONIAN MARTIN. Progne elegans Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 275, May, 1865 — Rio Vermejo, Argentina (descr. of young male and female; cotypes in U. S. National Museum); Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 89, 1883— Bahia Blanca and Sierra de la Ventana, Buenos Aires; Todd, Auk, 42, p. 276, 1925 (crit.); Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 346, 1926— General Roca (Rio Negro), Carhue (Buenos Aires), Victorica (Pampa), and Monte 1 Birds from southern Brazil agree with a series from Paraguay in size, but have the throat and foreneck, on average, less variegated with whitish. This character, however, depends largely on seasonal conditions, the whitish edges being apt to disappear gradually as abrasion advances, and certain Paraguayan individuals are fully as dark-throated as any from Brazil. Birds from the plains of eastern Bolivia (Santa Cruz, Chiquitos), while not quite so large, appear to me better referred to domestica, although it must be admitted that no sharp and fast line can be drawn between Azara's Martin and typical chalybea. Specimens from Bahia and Piauhy (Parnagua) are hardly larger than others from Para and northern Maranhao (Miritiba), which we have ranked with P. c. chalybea, but have the paler throat and foreneck with whitish edges of domestica. In Argentina the breeding range of P. c. domestica is evidently more northerly than that of P. modesta elegans, but in Bolivia it appears to replace the latter, which breeds in the highlands, in the hill country and plains of the east. Additional specimens examined. — Piauhy: Parnagua, 2. — Bahia: Joazeiro, 1. — Sao Paulo: Ypanema, 5; Fazenda Cayoa, Salto Grande do Rio Paranapanema, 1; Alambary, 1; Iguape, 1. — Rio de Janeiro: Marambaya, 1. — Goyaz: Rio Araguaya, 4. — Bolivia: Chiquitos, 1; San Jose, Chiquitos, 1; San Ignacito, Santa Cruz, 4. — Paraguay: Villa Rica, 1; Puerto Casado, Chaco, 2; Nueva Germania, 1; San Luis de la Sierra, Apa Highlands, 5. — Uruguay: Santa Elena, Monzon, 1. — Corrientes, 1. — Entre Rios: La Soledad, 1. — Buenos Aires: Estancia Espartillar, 1; Aj6, 2.— Formosa: San Jos6, 1. 22 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Ralo (Cordoba); idem, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 24, p. 453, 1926— Corral Chico, Rio Negro; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 45, 1932— Paine, O'Higgins, Chile. Progne furcata Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 278, May, 1865 — Chile (descr. of adult male; type in U. S. National Museum); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, pp. 321, 337— Chile (ex Baird); Philippi, I.e., 1868, p. 531 — Chile (occurrence denied); Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 26, p. 195, 1876 — Sierra de Cordoba; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 175, 633, 1885 — "Chile," Mendoza, and Rio Negro; Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 1, p. 24, 1888 — Argentina; Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 459, pi. 89, 1889 — Patagonia to Mendoza (monog.); C. Burmeister, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 3, p. 317, 1890 — Cerrito D6ctor, Chubut; Stempelmann and Schulz, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, 10, p. 400, 1890— Cordoba; Frenzel, Journ. Orn., 39, p. 118, 1891— Cordoba; Reed, Ibis, 1893, p. 595 — Chile; Holland, Ibis, 1895, p. 214— Santa Elena, Entre Rios (spec, examined); idem, Ibis, 1896, p. 315 — Santa Elena (spec, examined); Reed, Anal. Univ. Chile, 93, p. 199, 1896 — Paine, O'Higgins, Chile; Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 5, 1897— Caiza and Aguairenda, Bolivia (spec, examined); Albert, Anal. Univ. Chile, 100, p. 879, 1898— Chile (monog.); Lonnberg, Ibis, 1903, p. 456— San Luis, Tarija, Bolivia; Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 174, 1902; idem, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, p. 40, 1905— Tapia, Tranquitas, and Tucuman; Baer, Ornis, 12, p. 215, 1904 — Santa Ana and Tapia, Tucuman (spec, in Paris Museum examined); Bruch, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 11, p. 256, 1904— Molinos, Salta; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 351, 1910 (range in Argentina); Grant, Ibis, 1911, • p. 89 — Los Yngleses, Ajo, Buenos Aires (spec, examined); Gibson, Ibis, 1918, p. 380 — Cape San Antonio, Buenos Aires; Dinelli, El Hornero, 1, p. 61, 1918 — Tucuman (breeding; nest and eggs descr.); Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 327, 1923 — upper Rio Cumayo, down to the Limay, and Puesto Horno to Talagapa, Rio Negro (breeding); Tremoleras, El Hornero, 2, p. 22, 1920 — Montevideo, Canelones, and San Jose, Uruguay; Wace, I.e., 2, p. 204, 1921— Falkland Islands (visitor); Gia- comelli, I.e., 3, p. 68, 1923— La Rioja; Marelli, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 651, 1924— Prov. Buenos Aires; Wilson, El Hornero, 3, p. 359, 1926— General Lopez, Santa F6; Pereyra, I.e., 4, p. 32, 1927— Conhelo, Pampa; Bennett, Ibis, 1926, p. 331 — Falkland Islands (visitor); Stone, Rep. Princet. Univ. Exp. Patagonia, Orn., 2, p. 816, 1928— Patagonia. Hirundo (Progne) furcata Oustalet, Miss. Sci. Cap Horn, 6, p. B. 258, 1891 — Patagonia. Hirundo purpurea (not of Linnaeus) Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 68, 1837 — part, Mizque, Bolivia, and Patagonia (spec, in Paris Museum examined). Progne purpurea Gould, in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 38, 1839 — part, Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires; Fraser, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 11, p. 120, 1843 — Mendoza and Villa Vicencia (breeding); Sclater, I.e., 1872, p. 548 — Rio Negro (spec, examined); Sclater and Hudson, I.e., 1872, p. 607 — Bahia Blanca and Carmen de Patagones (breeding); Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 32 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 23 — Tosca cliffs and Ninfas Point, Chubut Valley; idem, Ibis, 1878, p. 392 — Tambo Point, Chubut (breeding); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 595 — part, Mizque, Bolivia (ex d'Orbigny); Gibson, Ibis, 1880, p. 22 — Cape San Antonio, Buenos Aires (part, "two entirely black specimens"); White, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 595— Fuerte de Andalgala, Catamarca; Holmberg, Act. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, 5, p. 81, 1884— Tandfl and La Tinta, Prov. Buenos Aires. Progne domestica (not Hirundo domestica Vieillot) Burmeister, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 253, 1860— Argentina (part); idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 477, 1861 — La Plata countries (part). Range. — Southern and western Argentina, breeding from the southern border of Buenos Aires Province south to the Chubut, west to the Andes, and north to the highlands of Bolivia (Tarija; Valle Grande; Santa Cruz; Mizque, Cochabamba) ; on migration spreading through Buenos Aires Province north to Entre Rios, Santa FC", and Uruguay, and south to the Falkland Islands; accidental in Chile (one record from Paine, O'Higgins).1 1: Argentina (San Cristobal, Santa Fe", 1). Progne modesta murphyi Chapman.2 PERUVIAN MARTIN. 1 Breeding birds have been examined from the Rio Negro, Chubut, Tucuman (Tapia, Santa Ana), and southeastern Bolivia (Caiza, Tarija). Adult females are bright steel blue above like the males, while the under parts are very dark sooty brown, the feathers being apically edged with whitish. A female from Santa Fe (San Cristobal; Nov. 26, 1916. Robin Kemp) tends toward P. c. domestica by having a distinct white abdominal area and broader white edges to the under tail coverts, and raises once more the question of possible conspecific relationship. Material examined. — Argentina: Santa Elena, Entre Rios, 2 (adult male, Oct. 11, 1894; young male, June 21, 1894. A. H. Holland); Los Yngleses, Ajo, Buenos Aires, 1 (adult male, Jan. 3, 1909. C. B. Grant); Mendoza, 5; Tapia, Tucuman, 2 (adult male and female, Dec. 2, 12, 1902. G. A. Baer); Santa Ana, Tucuman, 1 (adult male, Nov. 20, 1902. G. A. Baer); Rio Negro, 3 (two males, one female, Sept., Oct., 1871. H. W. Hudson) ; Rio Negro, 3 (d'Orbigny) ; Chubut, 1 (adult female, Nov. 9, 1875. H. Durnford). — Bolivia: Mizque, Cochabamba, 1; Valle Grande, 1; Santa Cruz, 4 (two males, two females, Oct., 1889. G. Garlepp); Caiza, Tarija, 2 (adult male and female, Feb. A. Borelli). 2 Progne modesta murphyi Chapman: Nearest to P. m. elegans, but with much shorter and less deeply forked tail. Adult male without any, or with merely a slight suggestion of the white patch on the sides of the flanks. Female very differently colored, the upper parts mouse-gray, excepting a broad shining steel blue band across the middle of the back involving the scapulars; crown and hind- neck centered with dusky; longer uropygial feathers apically faintly glossed with steel blue; lesser upper wing coverts and longest tail coverts steel blue, somewhat duller than the dorsal area; lores and sides of the head blackish, becoming dusky posteriorly; wings and tail duller than in the male; under parts mouse gray, somewhat paler than the crown, the under tail coverts scarcely lighter than the abdomen, apically edged with whitish. Wing, 136-139, (female) 134^; tail, 70, (female) 63; furca, 15^-17; bill, 10^-12. This interesting martin occupies an intermediate position between P. m. modesta and P. m. elegans. The male sex, while agreeing with the former in the absence of the conspicuous white patch on the sides of the flanks, differs never- theless by much longer wings; less violaceous (approximately dusky slate-blue) 24 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Progne murphyi Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 187, p. 6, 1925 — cliffs near Talara, Dept. Piura, northwestern Peru (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York). Hirundo purpurea (not of Linnaeus) Tschudi, Arch. Naturg., 10, (1), p. 269, 1844 — Peru; idem, Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 132, 1846 — coast of Peru. Progne purpurea Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 236, 1884 — coast of Peru (ex Tschudi); Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1892, p. 374 — lea, Peru. Range. — Coast of Peru, from Piura (Talara) south to Lima (Huaral) and lea (Hacienda Ocucaje). Progne modesta modesta Darwin.1 GALAPAGOS MARTIN. Hirundo concolor (not of Sykes, 1832) Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 5, p. 22, Nov., 1837 — "in insulis Galapagorum" (descr. of male; types from James Island in collection of Zoological Society of London, now in British Museum). Progne modestus Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, Part 3, pi. 5, 1838 — new name. Progne modesta Gould, in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, Part 9, p. 39, July, 1839 — James Island; PreVost and Des Murs, Voy. Venus, 5, Zool., p. 182, 1855 — Charles Island (female); Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 19, p. 505, 1897 — Charles, Indefatigable, and James (monog.); Baur, Amer. Natur., 31, pp. 782, 783, 1897 — Albemarle, Duncan, and Barrington Islands; Snodgrass and Heller, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 5, p. 347, 1904— Charles, Chatham, Barrington, Indefatigable, Seymour, James, and Albemarle Islands; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 43, 1904— Gala- pagos Islands (monog.). Hirundo modesta Neboux, Rev. Zool., 3, p. 291, 1840 — Charles Island (descr. of female); Sundevall, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, p. 125 — James Island (crit.). gloss of the body plumage, which, moreover, is much duller and less extensive on the lower parts, being confined to relatively narrow apical margins, especially on throat and foreneck; mainly fuscous under tail coverts with but slightly glossy apical edges; and horn brown instead of whitish under side of the shafts of the primaries. A topotype from Talara lacks all trace of white on the flanks, but a male from lea shows there a few scattered white-tipped feathers. The female looks very different from that of P. m. modesta, being much grayer both above and below, with a broad shining blue band across the back. While modesta, murphyi, and elegans are clearly representative forms, certain analogies in the coloration of subis and murphyi in the female sex raise the question if all the purple martins of North and South America are not merely races of a single taxonomic entity. This point, however, cannot be settled before the breeding ranges and interrelationship of the Mexican forms (subis, sinaloae, chalybea) have been satisfactorily worked out, and in the meantime I prefer to maintain the modesta group and P. chalybea as separate specific units. Material examined. — Piura: Talara, 1 (adult male). — lea: Hacienda Ocucaje, 2 (adult male and female, Nov. 29, Dec. 12, 1889. J. Kalinowski). 1 Progne modesta modesta Darwin is characterized among its affines by small size, purplish blue gloss of the adult male without trace of silky white feathers on the sides of the flanks, and uniform dark brown body plumage of the female without conspicuous white edges (except on the under tail coverts). Wing, 121- 129, (female) 116-123; tail, 64-69, (female) 57-61; furca, 14-17; bill, 10-11. Material examined. — Indefatigable, 5; Albemarle, 3; Charles, 1. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 25 Progne concolor Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 278, 1865 — Galapagos Islands; Salvin, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., 9, p. 476, 1876 — James and Charles Islands; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 176, 1885— "Chatham" = James Island; idem and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 463, pi. 90, 1889 — James, Charles, and Indefatigable Islands (monog.); Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 105, 1890— Eden Rock, Indefatigable Island; Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 6, p. 152, 1899— Charles, Chatham, and Albemarle (crit.); idem, I.e., 9, p. 386, 1902 — Gardner Bay, Hood and Daphne Islands (eggs descr.); Gifford, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 2, p. 205, 1919 (life history); Swarth, Occas. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., 18, p. 102, 1931— Galapagos (crit.). Range. — Central and southern islands of the Galapagos Archi- pelago (James, Albemarle, Duncan, Daphne, Seymour, Indefa- tigable, Barrington, Chatham, Charles, and Hood). Genus PHAEOPROGNE Baird Phaeoprogne Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 283, 1865 — type, by subs, desig. (Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 172, 1885), Hirundo tapera Linnaeus. *Phaeoprogne tapera tapera (Linnaeus). BROWN-CHESTED MARTIN. Hirundo tapera Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 345, 1766 — based chiefly on "L'Hirondelle d'Amerique" Brisson (Orn., 2, p. 502, pi. 45, fig. 3; Cayenne) and "Tapera" Marcgrave (Hist. Nat. Bras., p. 205; northeastern Brazil).1 Hirundo pascuum Wied, Beitr. Naturg., Bras., 3, (1), p. 360, 1830 — campos of Bahia (type lost; cf. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 216, 1889). Phaeoprogne tapera immaculata Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 31, p. 156, 1912 — Chicoral, near Giradot, Magdalena River, Colombia (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, I.e., 36, p. 502, 1917 — Colombia (Chicoral, Bogota), Ecuador (Duran), Venezuela (Maripa), and Brazil (Bahia, Rio Xingu) (crit.); Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 160, 1916 — Caicara, Orinoco, and Caura Valley (Suapure, Maripa), Venezuela; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 555, 1926 — Duran, Ecuador, and Pilares and Lamor, northwestern Peru; Berlioz, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, (2), 4, p. 234, 1932— Isla Silva, Ecuador. 1 Linne's rather vague diagnosis leaves it an open question whether he used Marcgrave as his principal basis. While Marcgrave correctly says "totum corpus superius, collum, dorsum, alae et cauda pennas habent coloris ex fusco cum gryseo mixti" and "sub gutture et in pectore grysei est coloris, cum albo mixti, venter est albus, uti et sub cauda albet," Linnaeus describes the bird as "corpore nigri- cante, subtus albo" and adds "alba sunt gula, crissum, rachis subtus remigum, abdomen." Since he accepts Marcgrave's vernacular name as specific term, we may, however, follow Berlepsch and Hartert (Nov. Zool., 9, p. 14, 1902) in taking eastern Brazil as type locality. The "Hirundo americana tapera" of Sloane (Nat. Hist. Jamaica, 2, p. 212), also quoted by Linnaeus, does not belong here at all, and may be a swift. 26 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Progne tapera Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, p. 672, "1848" [=1849] — Essequibo River, British Guiana; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 286, 1865 (crit.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1866, p. 178 — upper Ucayali, Peru (eggs descr.); idem, I.e., 1867, p. 569 — Rio Tocantins, Brazil; idem, I.e., 1867, p. 749 — Xeberos, Peru; idem, I.e., 1868, p. 627 — Puerto Cabello, Venezuela; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 323— Magdalena Valley, Colombia; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1872, p. 606 — part, Bogota and Puerto Cabello; Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1873, p. 258 — Ucayali and Xeberos, Peru (eggs descr.); Taczanowski, I.e., 1877, p. 320 — between Tumbez and Santa Lucia, Peru; Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 236, 1884— Peruvian localities; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 180, 633, 1885 (monog., in part); Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 479, pi. 93, 1889 — part, northern South America; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 14, 1902 — Caicara, Orinoco, and Suapure, Caura, Venezuela; Goeldi, Ibis, 1903, p. 499— Rio Capim, Para; Nicoll, Ibis, 1904, p. 40 — Bahia; MSnegaux, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 10, p. 116, 1904 — Oyapock, French Guiana; Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, pp. 110, 316, 1908 — Approuague and Oyapock, French Guiana; Hellmayr, I.C., 17, p. 269, 1910 — Allianca, Rio Madeira; Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 56, pp. 9, 497, 1908— Cachoeira, Rio Purus, and Villa Braga, Tapajoz; Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 77, 1910— Pernambuco (Pao d'Alho, Recife) and Bahia (Joazeiro); Hellmayr, Abhandl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Phys. KJ., 26, No. 2, p. 87, 1912— Rio Capim; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 471, 1914— Para, Quati- Puru, Rio Capim (Araproaga), Rio Xingu (Victoria), Rio Tapajoz (Villa Braga), Rio Purus (Cachoeira), Marajo (Pindobal), Cunany, Monte Alegre, and Rio Maecuru. Phaeoprogne tapera Todd, Auk, 46, p. 186, 1929 — Venezuela (Maripa, Alta- gracia, San Felix, Sabana de Mendoza), Colombia, and northern Brazil (crit.). Phaeoprogne tapera tapera Chapman, Auk, 46, pp. 348, 356, 1929 (crit.); Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 410, 1931— Fundaci6n River, near Aracataca, Magdalena, Colombia. Petrochelidon tapera Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 17, 1868 — part, Barra do Rio Negro [=Manaos] (Feb. 2; spec, in Vienna Museum examined). Range. — Breeding in northern Brazil, through the eastern states south to Bahia, and throughout Amazonia west to eastern Peru; in French Guiana, Venezuela, and northern Colombia (Magdalena Valley), and probably in southwestern Ecuador (Chimbo, Duran) and northwestern Peru (Tumbez, Pilares, and Lamor, Dept. Tumbez).1 1 Birds from eastern Brazil (Pernambuco and Bahia), Colombia (Bogota and Magdalena Valley), and Venezuela agree well together, not one of the specimens taken during the presumed breeding period showing a trace of the dusky spots in the middle of the breast. The grayish brown pectoral band is rather pale, and this color extends up over the sides of the neck. A single adult female from Chimbo, Ecuador — the only one we have seen from the Pacific coast — has this grayish pectoral zone reduced in extent and medially almost interrupted by whitish apical margins to the feathers, and differs, besides, from all other examples by whitish 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 27 3: Peru (Lagunas, lower Huallaga, 1); Venezuela (Rio Mucujon, Me"rida, 1); Ecuador (Puente de Chimbo, 1 [Sept. 4]). *Phaeoprogne tapera fusca (Vieillot).1 SOUTHERN BROWN- CHESTED MARTIN. Hirundo fusca Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. eel., 14, p. 510, 1817 — based on "Golondrina parda" Azara, No. 301, Paraguay; Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 68, 1839— Chiquitos, Bolivia, and Corrientes, Argentina (spec, in Paris Museum examined). Progne fusca Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 285, 1865 — Rio Vermejo (crit.). Cotyle tapera (not Hirundo tapera Linnaeus) Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 143, 1856 — southern Brazil; idem, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 253, 1860— Parana; idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 477, 1861— Parana; Stern- berg, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 270, 1869 — Est. San Juan Jose, Prov. Buenos Aires (nest descr.); Doering, Per. Zool. Arg., 1, p. 254, 1874 — Barrancas, Corrientes; Holmberg, Act. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, 5, p. 81, 1884 — Tandil and La Tinta, Buenos Aires. Cotyle tapera fusca Stempelmann and Schulz, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, 10, p. 400, 1890— Cordoba. sides of the neck and more distinct pale edges to the crown. The middle of the breast is as heavily spotted with dusky as in P. t. fusca, but this is clearly an individual feature, as Chapman noticed traces of these markings in only three out of ten birds from the Pacific coast. Additional specimens examined. — French Guiana: Cayenne, 1. — Venezuela: Suapure, Caura, 3; Merida, 2. — British Guiana: Annai, 1 (June 12). — Colombia: Bogota, 10; Chicoral, Magdalena River, 2. — Peru: Iquitos, 1. — Eastern Ecuador: unspecified, 1 (March 26). — Brazil: Manaos, 1 (Feb. 2); Pao d'Alho, near Recife, Pernambuco, 1 (Feb. 17); Joazeiro, Bahia, 1 (March 11); Bahia, 10. 1 Phaeoprogne tapera fusca (Vieillot) differs from the typical race by slightly darker upper parts; darker brown and more abruptly defined pectoral band continued along the middle of the breast by a row of coarse dark brown spots; more purely white throat, this color also encroaching on the sides of the neck; and, on average, longer wings. The color characters are quite constant in a series from Uruguay, Paraguay, northern Argentina, and extreme southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul). Dimen- sions, on the other hand, do not afford an absolutely reliable criterion, although the present form frequently attains larger measurements than the northern P. t. tapera. Specimens from central Brazil (Goyaz and Matto Grosso) are variously intermediate between the two races in size as well as in coloration, but taken as a whole seem to be nearer to fusca. As has been pointed out by Chapman, the Southern Brown-chested Martin, on its winter migration, spreads into the breeding range of its northern ally as far north as British Guiana, Venezuela, and Colombia. Careful comparison of a number of specimens with a series of P. t. fusca fails to disclose the slightest difference, and strengthens the belief that they are merely migrants from the south. Additional specimens examined. — Argentina: Flores, Buenos Aires, 1; Cor- rientes, 1; Tacaagle, Formosa, 1; San Jose (Clorinda), Formosa, 4; Lapango, Pilcomayo, 3. — Paraguay: Puerto Sastre, Rio Paraguay, Chaco, 1; Zanja Moroti, Apa, 1; San Luis de la Sierra, Apa, 3. — Uruguay: Montevideo, 1. — Brazil: Taquara do Mundo Novo, Rio Grande do Sul, 2; Cuyaba, Matto Grosso, 1; Caigara, Matto Grosso, 1; Rio Araguaya, Goyaz, 2; Sao Bento, Maranhao, 1 (Aug. 28); Marabitanas, Rio Negro, 2 (April 7). — British Guiana: George- town, 1 (June). 28 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Progne tapera Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 139 — Conchitas, Buenos Aires; Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 444— Minas Geraes; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1872, p. 606— part, Buenos Aires; Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 168 — Buenos Aires; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 595 — Chiquitos, Bolivia (ex d'Orbigny); Gibson, Ibis, 1880, p. 23 — Cape San Antonio, Buenos Aires; White, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 595— Monte Grande and Pacheco, Buenos Aires; Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CL, 8, p. 89, 1883— Concepci6n del Uruguay, Entre Rios; Gibson, Ibis, 1885, p. 277 — Pay- sandu, Uruguay; Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 116, 1885 — Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 180, 633, 1885 — part, Brazil (Curytiba, Rio Grande do Sul), Buenos Aires, La Plata, and Oran (Salta); Sclater and Hudson, Argent. Orn., 1, p. 26, 1888 — Argentina (habits); Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 479, 1889— part, Rio Grande, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Oran (Salta), and Bolivia; Holland, Ibis, 1890, p. 425; idem, Ibis, 1892, p, 195— Est. Espartillar, Buenos Aires; Frenzel, Journ. Orn., 39, p. 118, 1891 — Cordoba; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 3, p. 346, 1891— Chapada, Corumba, and Uacuryzal, Matto Grosso; Aplin, Ibis, 1894, p. 166 — Uruguay; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 117, 1899 — Mundo Novo, Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 139, 1899— Sao Paulo; Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 174, 1902 — Tucuman; Baer, Ornis, 12, p. 215, 1904 — Santa Ana and Tapia, Tucuman; Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, p. 41, 1905 — Tucuman; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 340, 1907 — Sao Paulo (Piracicaba, Caconde), Minas Geraes (Vargem Alegre), and Buenos Aires (Punta Lara); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 25, 1908— Rio Araguaya, Goyaz; Hartert and Venturi, I.e., 16, p. 168, 1909— Barracas al Sud (Buenos Aires) and Tucuman (breeding); Grant, Ibis, 1911, p. 90 — Buenos Aires (Los Yngleses, Ajo), Matto Grosso (Rabiche), Paraguay (Villa Pilar), and Corrientes (near Esquina); Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 61, 1914 — Asuncion, Paraguay; M6n6gaux, Rev. Fran?. d'Orn., 9, p. 58, 1917— Corumba, Matto Grosso; Gibson, Ibis, 1918, p. 381— Cape San Antonio, Buenos Aires (habits) ; (?) Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 342, 1921 — Ituribisci and Corentyn rivers; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 2, No. 6, p. 60, 1926— Sao Bento, Maranhao; (?) Young, Ibis, 1929, p. 237 — Berbice, British Guiana (visitor, May to Aug.). Phaeoprogne tapera Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 352, 1910 (range in Argentina); Hussey, Auk, 33, p. 395, 1916— La Plata; Tremoleras, El Hornero, 2, p. 22, 1920 — Canelones, Uruguay; Daguerre, I.e., 2, p. 269, 1922 — Rosas, Prov. Buenos Aires (Oct. to April); Serie and Smyth, I.e., 3, p. 51, 1923 — Santa Elena, Entre Rios; Giacomelli, I.e., 3, p. 68, 1923— La Rioja; Pereyra, I.e., 3, p. 171, 1923— Tigre, Buenos Aires; Marelli, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 652, 1924— Prov. Buenos Aires; Wilson, El Hornero, 3, p. 359, 1926 — Dept. General Lopez, Santa Fe. Phaeoprogne tapera tapera Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 345, 1926 — Paraguay (Puerto Pinasco), Uruguay (Carrasco, Montevideo, La Paloma, San Vicente, Lazcano, Rio Negro), and Buenos Aires (Lavalle, Dolores); Friedmann, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, p. 210, 1927— Bovril Islands, 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 29 Santa F6; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 265, 1929— Sao Bento, Maranhao (Aug. 28). Phaeoprogne tapera fusca Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 266 (in text), 1929 — southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina (crit.); Chapman, Auk, 46, pp. 348, 357, 1929 (crit., range); Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 316, 1930— Paraguay (Fort Wheeler) and Matto Grosso (Descalvados, Urucum, Agua Blanca de Corumba, Rio Sao Lourenco, Palmiras); Laubmann, Wissens. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 304, 1930 — Formosa (Lapango, San Jose, Tacaagl6). Phaeoprogne fusca Todd, Auk, 46, p. 188, 1929 — Bolivia (Puerto Suarez, Buenavista, Rio Surutu) and Venezuela (El Trompillo, Guachi) (crit.). Petrochelidon tapera Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 17, 1868 — part, Rio de Janeiro, Porto do Rio Araguay (Goyaz), Matto Grosso (Engenho do Cap Antonio Correia, Cuyaba, Caicara), and Marabitanas, Rio Negro (spec, in Vienna Museum examined). Range. — Breeding in northern Argentina (south to Buenos Aires, west to La Rioja and Tucuman), Uruguay, Paraguay, eastern Bolivia, and southern Brazil, north to Matto Grosso, Goyaz, and Minas Geraes; spreading in winter north to British Guiana, Venezuela, Amazonia (Orosa, Rio Maranon, Peru; Marabitanas, Rio Negro), and Colombia (Turbaco, near Cartagena). 10: Uruguay (Rio Uruguay, southwest of Dolores, Dept. Soriano, 2; El Corte, Dept. Maldonado, 2; Maldonado, 2); Argentina (Con- ception, Tucuman, 1) ; Brazil (Chapada, Matto Grosso, 1; Sao Bento, Maranhao [March 28], 1); British Guiana (Georgetown [June], 1). Genus PETROCHELIDON Cabanis Petrochelidon Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 47, 1851 — type, by subs, desig. (Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., p. 13, 1855), Hirundo melanogaster Swainson. Haplochelidon Todd, Auk, 46, p. 245, 1929 — type, by orig. desig., Hirundo andecola Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny. *Petrochelidon pyrrhonota pyrrhonota (Vieillot). NORTHERN CLIFF SWALLOW. Hirundo pyrrhonota Vieillot,1 Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., 14, p. 519, 1817 — based on "Golondrina rabadilla acanelada" Azara, No. 305, Paraguay. 1 With the exception of the blackish lower belly which may easily be con- strued as referring to the dusky under tail coverts, Azara's description, upon which Vieillot's name was based, is quite accurate, and the fact that he uses different terms for the color of the frontal band and that of the sides of the head and throat clearly indicates the Northern Cliff Swallow, in which the forehead is much paler than the other parts, and not P. p. melanogaster. Furthermore, specimens from southern Brazil (Sao Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul) and Buenos Aires, in coloration and dimen- sions agree perfectly with birds from the eastern United States, the wing of the males ranging from 110 to 117 mm., while their breast is as strongly tinged with ochraceous as that of others from New England and Illinois. Even if P. p. hypopolia be recognized, Vieillot's name would seem to be strictly applicable to the ordinary eastern form of the cliff swallow. 30 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Hirundo albifrons Rafinesque, Kentucky Gazette, (n.s.), 1, No. 7, p. 3, Feb. 14, 1822 — Newport, Kentucky, and Madison, Indiana. Hirundo lunifrons Say, in Long's Exped. Rocky Mts., 2, p. 47, 1823 — Rocky Mountains (type deposited in Peale's Museum, doubtless lost). Hirundo ojrifex De Witt Clinton, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1, p. 161, 1824— new name for H. lunifrons Say. Hirundo republicana Audubon, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1, p. 164, 1824 — new name for H. lunifrons Say. Petrochelidon albifrons hypopolia Oberholser, Canad. Field Natur., 33, p. 95, Jan., 1920 — Fort Norman, Mackenzie (type in U. S. National Museum).1 Petrochelidon americana (not Hirundo americana Gmelin2) Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 17, 1868 — Sao Paulo (Ytarare1, Parnapitanga, Irisanga) and Matto Grosso (Engenho do Gama). Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 169 — thirty miles west of Buenos Aires; idem, Ibis, 1878, p. 58 — Moreno (March) and Lujan Bridge (April), Buenos Aires; White, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 595 — Flores, Buenos Aires (Dec. 11); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 226, 1883 (monog.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 193, 635, 1885 (monog.); Gibson, Ibis, 1885, p. 277— Paysandu, Uruguay (breeding?); Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 1, p. 30, 1888 — part, Buenos Aires; Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 531, pi. 104, 1890 (monog., excl. Texan records); Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 140, 1899 — Sao Paulo; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 342, 1907— Sao Paulo; Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 168, 1909— La Plata and Barracas al Sud, Buenos Aires (Feb.); Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 354, 1910 — part, Barracas al Sud; Grant, Ibis, 1911, p. 91 — Luiconia, Ajo, Buenos Aires (March); Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 61, 1914 — Paraguay; Hussey, Auk, 33, p. 395, 1916— La Plata (Oct.); Gibson, Ibis, 1918, p. 381 — Cape San Antonio, Buenos Aires; Castellanos, El Hornero, 2, p. 228, 1921 — Flores, near Buenos Aires; Serie and Smyth, I.e., 3, p. 51, 1923— Santa Elena, Entre Rios; Pereyra, I.e., 3, p. 171, 1923— Zelaya, Buenos Aires (Dec., Feb.); Marelli, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 652, 1924 — Buenos Aires (Nov. to March); Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 319, 1930— Matto Grosso. Cotyle pyrrhonota Holmberg, Act. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, 5, p. 81, 1884 — Tandfl, Prov. Buenos Aires. Petrochelidon lunifrons lunifrons Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 47, 1904 (monog., full bibliog.); Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 110, 1923— Guantanamo, Cuba; Griscom, Auk, 50, p. 300, 1933— Puerto Jimenez, Costa Rica. 1 Cf. also P. a. aprophata Oberholser, Sci. Pub. Clevel. Mus. N. H., 4, p. 6, 1932 (type from near Adel, Oregon). 2 Hirundo americana Gmelin (Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 1017, 1789) is exclusively based on the "Hirondelle a croupion roux et queue carree" of Montbeillard in Buffon's Hist. Nat. Ois. (ed. Impr. Roy.), 7, p. 346. This swallow, observed by Commerson in May, 1765, on the banks of the La Plata River, is so incompletely described — no mention being made of the pale-colored forehead or of the rufous color on throat and sides of the head — that I concur with Sclater and Salvin in considering it unidentifiable. Of course, there is a possibility that the variety with rufous throat might have been the present species, but even this is doubtful. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 31 Petrochelidon lunifrons Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 2, p. 271, 1874 — Mazatlan and Tepic, Mexico (breeding); Ramsden, Auk, 29, p. 396, 1912— Guantanamo, Cuba (Nov. 11, 1911). Range. — Breeding from central Alaska, the upper Yukon Valley, northern Mackenzie, northern Ontario, southern Quebec, Anticosti Island, and Cape Breton Island south over nearly all of the United States, except Florida and the Rio Grande Valley, and along the coast district of western Mexico to Nayarit; migrates through Florida, Cuba (one record from Guantanamo), Costa Rica (one record from Puerto Jime'nez), and apparently eastern South America, and winters in southern Brazil (states of Sao Paulo and Matto Grosso to Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay, and north- eastern Argentina (Buenos Aires, Entre Rios).1 26: Connecticut (East Hartford, 1); Massachusetts (no locality, 1); New York (Cayuga, 1); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 5); Illinois (Lewistown, 1; St. Charles, 1; Worth, 1; Warsaw, 1; Joliet, 1; Olive Branch, 1); Arizona (Calabasas, 5); Colorado (Fort Lyon, 2); California (Oakland, 1; Claremont, 1; Sacramento, 1; Corona, 1); Canada (Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, 1). *Petrochelidon pyrrhonota tachina Oberholser. LESSER CLIFF SWALLOW. Petrochelidon lunifrons tachina Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16, p. 15, 1903 — Langtry, Texas (type in U. S. National Museum); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 50, 1904 — southwestern Texas to eastern Mexico, in winter to Panama (monog., full bibliog.); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 792, 1910 — Laguna de Cartago and La Estrella de Cartago, Costa Rica; Thayer, Auk, 32, p. 103, 1915 — Japonica, Kerr County, Texas; Smith, Auk, 33, p. 191, 1916 — Kerr County, Texas; Griscom and Crosby, Auk, 43, p. 27, 1926 — Brownsville, Rio Grande River, Texas (breeding). 1 Further subdivision of the Northern Cliff Swallow, as recently advocated by Oberholser, seems to be impracticable, the distinctive features claimed for the birds of the northwest being altogether too unstable to be expressed in nomen- clature. Very little is known regarding its migration routes. There is but a single authentic record of its occurrence in Central America and only one from the West Indies (Cuba), while it has not been found anywhere in western South America. The only specimen affording any clew as to its southward route is an adult male in the Munich Museum secured by S. Briceno in the Sierra of Merida on October 16, 1898. Though common in winter, from November to April, in southern Brazil (Sao Paulo) and northeastern Argentina (provinces of Buenos Aires and Entre Rios), this swallow has not been met anywhere else in the intervening country. Gibson's record of its breeding at Paysandu, Uruguay, is, no doubt, erroneous. South American material examined. — Brazil, Sao Paulo: Itarare, 3 (Feb. 2, 8; March 13); Irisanga, 1 (Dec. 5); Parnapitanga, 1 (Dec. 22); Rio Grande do Sul, 1 (no date). — Argentina: Pacheco, Buenos Aires, 1; La Plata, 1 (Feb. 28); Barracas al Sud, 1 (Feb. 27).— Venezuela: montanas, Sierra of Merida, 1 (Oct. 16, 1897). 32 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Petrochelidon lunifrons (not Hirundo lunifrons Say) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., p. 317, 1862— Panama Railroad; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 288, 1865 — part, Panama (crit.); Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 11, p. 540, 1888— San Jos6 (Sept. 3) and Talamanca, Costa Rica; Mearns, Auk, 19, p. 73 (footnote), 1902— Rio Grande Valley, Texas. (?) Petrochelidon swainsoni(i) (not of Sclater?) Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 290, 1865 — part, Mirador, Vera Cruz (Aug.); Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, p. 547, 1869 — plateau region of Vera Cruz. Petrochelidon pyrrhonota (not Hirundo pyrrhonota Vieillot) Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 226, 1883 — part, Panama; Salvin, Ibis, 1888, p. 256 — Cozumel Island; Salvador! and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 339, p. 3, 1899— Punta de Sabana, Darien (Sept.). Range. — Breeds in western Texas, the Rio Grande Valley, and supposedly through eastern Mexico to Vera Cruz; on migration in Costa Rica and Panama; winter home unknown.1 7: Texas (Ingram, 2; Kerrville, 1); Costa Rica (Puerto Jime'nez, Golfo Dulce, 4). *Petrochelidon pyrrhonota melanogaster (Swainson). SWAIN- SON'S CLIFF SWALLOW. Hirundo melanogaster Swainson, Phil. Mag., (n.s.), 1, p. 366, 1827 — tableland of Mexico (type in Bullock Collection). Petrochelidon melanogaster Mearns, Auk, 19, p. 73 (footnote), 1902 — Mexican boundary line to the westward, from the San Luis Mountains to Nogales. Petrochelidon lunifrons melanogaster Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 51, 1904 — western portion of Mexican plateau (monog., bibliog.); Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 22, p. 177, 1906— Rio Sestin, Durango (crit.); Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 72, p. 358, 1932— Obaldia, Panama (Oct. 6). Petrochelidon swainsoni(i) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 26, p. 296, 1858 — Oaxaca, Mexico (type in British Museum); idem, I.e., 27, p. 376, 1859 — Oaxaca; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 40, 1862 — Mexico; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 290, 1865— part, Mexico (crit.); Salvin, Ibis, 1866, p. 192 — Duefias, Guatemala; Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, p. 17, 1874 — Tehuantepec City, Oaxaca (Oct.); Duges, La Naturaleza, 1, p. 141, 1869 — Guanajuato; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 227, 1883 — Mexico and Guatemala (Duenas, Godines); Sharpe, Cat. 1 It remains to be proved by an adequate series whether it is really the present form which breeds in eastern Mexico. The extension of its breeding range to Vera Cruz rests on a single example obtained by Sartorius in August at Mirador, which may, however, have been an early migratory individual. None of the South American specimens examined can be referred to P. p. tachina, all being consider- ably larger and paler on the forehead than a series from Texas. While one might be tempted by their close similarity to regard P. pyrrhonota and P.fulva as conspecific, the breeding ranges of P.p. tachina and P.fulva pallida so nearly approach each other, if they do not actually overlap, that it seems pre- mature to propose such a radical change without more ample information than is at present available. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 33 Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 194, 635, 1885— Oaxaca, "Costa Rica," and Guatemala (Duenas); Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 555, pi. 105, 1888 (monog.). Cotyle pyrrhonota (not Hirundo pyrrhonota Vieillot) Burmeister, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 253, 1860— Tucuman; idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 477, 1861— Tucuman (good descr.). Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 1, p. 30, 1888 — part, Tucuman (ex Burmeister); Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 175, 1902— Tucuman; idem, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, p. 41, 1905 — Tucuman; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 354, 1910 — part, Tucuman. Range. — Breeds in southern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, the western portion of the Mexican plateau south to Michoacan and Oaxaca, and (?) Guatemala; winters in northwestern Argentina (Tucuman).1 10: Arizona (Sonoita, 1; Calabasas, 1); Mexico (Tuxpan, Jalisco, 6); Argentina (Concepcion, Tucuman, 2). *Petrochelidon fulva fulva (Vieillot). HISPANIOLAN CLIFF SWALLOW. Hirundo fulva Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Ame"r. Sept., 1, p. 62, pi. 32, "1807" — Santo Domingo and Porto Rico (type from Santo Domingo in collec- tion of P. L. Vieillot); March, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, p. 295 —Jamaica (habits); Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 10, p. 252, 1866 — Porto Rico. Hirundo poeciloma Gosse, Bds. Jamaica, p. 64, 1847 — Jamaica (type now in British Museum). Petrochelidon fulva Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, p. 72 — Jamaica; Gundlach, Journ. Orn., 26, pp. 159, 172, 1878 — Porto Rico; idem, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 7, p. 198, 1878— Porto Rico; Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 152, 1881 — Gonaives, Haiti; idem, Bds. Haiti and San Dom., p. 47, [pi. 21], fig. 3, 1884 — Gonaives, Haiti, and Almercen, Santo Domingo; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 228, 1883 — part, (?) Yucatan, Haiti and Jamaica; (?) Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 442— Yucatan; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 196, 1885— part, (?) Yucatan, Santo Domingo, Jamaica, and Porto Rico; Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 561, 1887— part, (?) Yucatan, Santo Domingo, Jamaica, Porto Rico; Scott, Auk, 10, p. 181, 1893 — Jamaica; Field, Auk, 11, p. 127, 1894— Port Henderson, Jamaica; Cherrie, Field Columb. Mus., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 12, 1896— Santo Domingo City (habits); 1 Five birds from Tucuman, all taken in December, February, and March appear to be inseparable from Mexican examples, with which they agree not only in small size, but also in having the forehead chestnut like the cheeks and throat. Burmeister, who was the first to obtain specimens in Argentina, recorded it under the name of C. pyrrhonota, though definitely stating its characters. Griscom has lately listed a specimen of this swallow taken on its southward migration at Obaldia, eastern Panama, on October 6, 1930. 34 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Bowdish, Auk, 20, p. 15, 1903— Porto Rico; Verrill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 61, p. 364, 1909— Santo Domingo. Petrochelidon poeciloma Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 292, 1865 — Spanish- town, Jamaica (crit.). Petrochelidon fulva fulva Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61, p. 418, 1917 — Monte Cristi and San Juan, Dominican Republic; Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 507, 1928— Haiti, Gonave, and Tortuga; Danforth, Auk, 46, p. 371, 1929 — Santo Domingo City, Citadelle, and Gonave; Moltoni, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., 68, p. 320, 1929— San Juan, Sabana San ThomS; Wetmore and Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 319, 1931 — Hispaniola (monog., habits). Petrochelidon fulva poeciloma Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 55, 1904 — Jamaica and Porto Rico (monog.); Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric., 326, p. 85, 1916— Porto Rico (habits); Struthers, Auk, 40, p. 475, 1923 — Porto Rico; Danforth, Journ. Dept. Agric. Porto Rico, 10, p. Ill, 1926 — Cartagena Lagoon, Porto Rico; idem, Auk, 45, p. 488, 1928 — Lumsden, Jamaica; Wetmore, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Is., 9, p. 474, 1927— Porto Rico (crit., habits). Range. — Islands of Jamaica, Haiti (including Gonave and Tortue), and Porto Rico, Greater Antilles;1 (?) coast of Yucatan (Chichen Itza, Izamal).2 42: Jamaica, 20; Santo Domingo (Santo Domingo City, 15); Haiti (Gonaives, 1); Porto Rico (Mayagiiez, 6). Petrochelidon fulva coronata (Lembeye).3 CUBAN CLIFF SWALLOW. Hirundo coronata Lembeye,4 Aves Isl. Cuba, p. 45, 1850 — Cafetal Fundador, Rio Canimar, Cuba (type in coll. of J. Gundlach); Gundlach, Journ. Bost. Soc. N. H., 6, p. 318, 1852— Cuba (eggs descr.). 1 1 fail to detect the slightest difference between specimens from Haiti (fulva), Jamaica (poeciloma), and Porto Rico. Both Baird and Ridgway separated the Jamaican birds from those of Cuba, which they believed to represent P. f. fulva, but, although P. /. poeciloma has of late been generally recognized, nobody ever stated how this form can be distinguished from typical fulva, of the island of Haiti. 8 A Cliff Swallow of this group is reported by Boucard and Gaumer to be resident in northern Yucatan. While Salvin and Godman (I.e.) claim a single specimen from there to be similar to Cuban birds, Ridgway refers four skins to "P./. poeciloma" of Jamaica, from which they are stated to differ only by smaller size. Considering this divergency of opinion, it seems that the status of the Yucatan form requires further investigation with the help of adequate series. The record of a Cliff Swallow from Panama is extremely doubtful. 3 Petrochelidon fulva coronata (Lembeye) : Exceedingly similar to P. /. fulva, but the chestnut area of the rump decidedly more extensive. The amount of rufous on the under surface, upon which Barbour and Brooks laid so much stress for the discrimination of the Cuban form, is subject to great individual variation, and does not hold when an adequate series of typical fulva is compared. Six specimens from Cuba examined. 4 Hirundo coronata Lembeye, described from Gundlach's manuscript, is the earliest name for the Cuban Swallow and supersedes P. /. cavicola, since Hirundo coronata Lichtenstein (Preis-Verz. Saug., Vogel, etc., Mexico, p. 3, 1830) proves to be a nomen nudum without nomenclatorial standing. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 35 Petrochelidon fulva cavicola Barbour and Brooks, Proc. New Engl. Zool. CL, 6, p. 52, 1917 — San Antonio de los Banos, Province of Havana, Cuba (type in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.) ; Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. CL, 6, p. 110, 1923— Cuba (habits). Petrochelidon fulva (not Hirundo fulva Vieillot) Gundlach, Journ. Orn., 4, p. 3, 1856; I.e., 20, p. 432, 1872; I.e., 22, p. 113, 1874— Cuba (habits); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 291, 1865— Cuba (crit., excl. hab. Santo Domingo); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 228, 1883— part, Cuba; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 196, 1885— part, Cuba; Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 561, 1887 — part, Cuba; Scott, Auk, 7, p. 264, 1890— Garden Key, Dry Tortugas, Florida (March 20 and 25, 1890); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 4, p. 309, 1892 — San Juan and San Pablo, Cuba. Petrochelidon fulva fulva Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 53, 1904 — Cuba and Isle of Pines (excl. Haiti); Bangs and Zappey, Amer. Natur., 39, p. 209, 1905— Nueva Gerona, Isle of Pines; Todd, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 10, p. 259, 1916 — Bibijagua and Nueva Gerona, Isle of Pines (habits). Range. — Island of Cuba, including the Isle of Pines, Greater Antilles; accidental on Garden Key, Dry Tortugas, Florida (March 22 and 25, 1890). *Petrochelidon fulva pallida Nelson. COAHUILA CLIFF SWALLOW. Petrochelidon fulva pallida Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 15, p. 211, 1902 — Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico (type in U. S. National Museum); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 56, 1904— northeastern Mexico (Coahuila and Tamaulipas); Bishop, Auk, 27, p. 459, 1910 — Kerrville, Texas; Thayer, Auk, 31, p. 401, 1914— Kerr County, Texas; idem, Auk, 32, p. 102, 1915 — Japonica, Kerr County, Texas (nest and eggs); Smith, Auk, 33, p. 191, 1916 — six miles west of Ingram, Texas. Range. — Northeastern Mexico, in states of Tamaulipas (Miqui- huana) and Coahuila (Saltillo), north to Kerr County, western Texas. 2: Texas (Kerrville, 2). Petrochelidon fulva rufocollaris (Peale).1 PERUVIAN CLIFF SWALLOW. Hirundo rufocollaris Peale, U. S. Expl. Exp., 8, p. 175, 1848 — near Callao, Peru (type in U. S. National Museum). 1 Petrochelidon fulva rufocollaris (Peale), in spite of its widely separated habitat, is clearly conspecific with the West Indian and Mexican Cliff Swallows. Its principal characters are the reduction of the bright rufous area on the forepart of the crown to a dull chestnut brown frontal band; the white (or at best slightly buff-tinged) color of the throat, cheeks, and auriculars; the deeper bluish black crown; and the darker, auburn to chestnut (instead of orange-cinnamon to tawny) tone of the prepectoral band and streaking of the sides. The axillaries and under wing coverts are generally more grayish brown, less tinged with ochraceous. Wing, 99-102; tail, 47-51. Material examined. — Peru: Lima, 5; Huaral, 3. 36 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Petrochelidon ruficollaris Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 292, 1865 — Callao (note on type) ; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 196, 636, pi. 3, 1885— Lima; Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 3, p. 503, 1886 — Lima; Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 567, pi. 108, 1887 — Lima; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1892, p. 374— Lima. Petrochelidon ruficollis (lapsus) Nation, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, p. 277 — vicinity of Lima (nesting habits). Range. — Western Peru, in the vicinity of Lima (Callao, Lima, Vitarte, Huaral). Petrochelidon fulva aequatorialis Chapman.1 ECUADORIAN CLIFF SWALLOW. Pelrochelidon rufocollaris aequatorialis Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 138, p. 12, 1924 — Alamor, Prov. Loja, Ecuador (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 558, 1926 — Alamor, Guainche, and Pullango, Ecuador. Range. — Southwestern Ecuador, in Province of Loja (Alamor, Guainche, Pullango). Petrochelidon andecola andecola (Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny).2 ANDEAN SWALLOW. 1 Petrochelidon fulva aequatorialis Chapman: Very close to P. /. rufocollaris, but slightly smaller; prepectoral band and sides of the body more extensively and deeper chestnut; throat and auriculars washed with tawny. Wing, 91-97; tail, 46-48. Only one of the two specimens before me differs from eight Peruvian skins by having the rufous of the lower parts more extended as well as decidedly deeper chestnut, and the throat (medially) and the auriculars tinged with tawny, thereby approaching P. /. fulva. The other example (from Alamor) can be matched, except in size, by various individuals from Peru. I must confess I am not quite convinced of its validity as a race. Material examined. — Ecuador: Alamor, 1; Guainche, 1. 2 Petrochelidon andecola andecola (Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny) is a very distinct species, differing from the other members of the genus by the absence of rufous in its plumage and by the lack of the whitish edges to the dorsal feathers, but aside from its larger dimensions and slightly wider rectrices I fail to find any structural character to separate it generically (Haplochelidon Todd). In coloration of upper parts it is not unlike Orochelidon murina, though the metallic gloss on pileum and back is bottle green rather than steel blue, while the upper tail coverts are hair brown with hardly a trace of greenish sheen. The two species are, however, quite different underneath, P. a. andecola having only the throat light hair brown in strong contrast to the buffy white breast and abdomen, and the under tail coverts, at least the longer ones, grayish brown or dusky, apically margined with whitish; whereas in Orochelidon murina the whole under surface is dark brown (between drab and hair brown) with broad glossy metallic blue tips to the tail coverts. Besides, P. andecola has a much larger bill, and the tail, composed of wider, bluntly rounded feathers, is much less forked, while the under tail coverts are much longer, reaching to within 11 to 15 mm. from the tip of the tail. Sharpe, curiously, regarded the present species as juvenile plumage of Orochelidon murina. Material examined. — Bolivia: La Paz, 1 (the type); Chililaya, Lake Titicaca, 2.— Peru: Arequipa, 2 (females, May 31, 1867. H. Whitely); Tinta, 1 (Feb. 13, 1869. H. Whitely).— Chile: Sacaya, Tarapaca, 1 (female, April 2, 1890. A. A. Lane). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 37 Hirundo andecola Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 69, 1837— "in Andibus, La Paz (Bolivia)" (type in Paris Museum examined). Hirundo andicola Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 984 — Arequipa, Peru (crit.; spec, examined); idem, I.e., 1869, p. 151 — Tinta, Cuzco, Peru (spec, examined); Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 3, p. 353, 1876 — Moho, Lake Titicaca, Dept. Puno, Peru; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 595 — La Paz, Bolivia (ex d'Orbigny). Atticora andecola Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, p. 126, 1906 — Puno, Peru. Orochelidon andecola Hellmayr, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 10, 1920 (crit.); Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 101, 1921 — La Raya, southern Peru. Haplochelidon andecola andecola Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 47, 1932— Sacaya, Tarapaca, Chile (crit.). Atticora cinerea (not Hirundo cinerea Gmelin) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 184, 634, 1885 — part, descr. "young" and spec, i, k, o, Tinta and Arequipa, Peru (spec, examined); Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 499, pi. 96, left fig., 1892 (monog., part, descr. of "young"); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1891, p. 132 — Sacaya, Tarapaca, Chile (spec, examined). Range. — Puna zone of southern Peru (in depts. of Arequipa, Cuzco, and Puno), extreme northern Chile (Tarapaca), and Bolivia (depts. of La Paz and Cochabamba). Petrochelidon andecola oroyae Chapman.1 OROYA SWALLOW. Petrochelidon andecola oroyae Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 138, p. 12, Oct., 1924 — Oroya, Dept. Junin, Peru (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York). Hirundo andecola (not of Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny) Tschudi, Arch. Naturg., 10, (1), p. 269, 1844— Peru; idem, Unters. Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 132, 1846— Sierra of Peru; Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 242, 1884— between Cucas and Palcamayo. Hirundo andicola Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 510 — between Cucas and Palcamayo, Junin. Atticora andecola Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 333 — Queta, near Tarma, Dept. Junin (crit.). 1 Petrochelidon andecola oroyae Chapman: Very similar to P. a. andecola, but perhaps distinguishable by larger bill and more bluish reflections on pileum and back. Wing, 123, (female) 116; tail, 60, (female) 55; bill, 1Y2. With only two specimens for comparison it is hardly possible to pass a definite judgment on the merits of this form. I notice, however, that the male is just as green-glossed above as any typical andecola, while the female shows decidedly bluish reflections. The color of the shafts of the primaries does not seem to be of much importance, it being very nearly whitish in one specimen from Bolivia and in another from Arequipa. Material examined. — Peru, Junin: Queta, near Tarma, 2. 38 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Range. — Puna zone of central Peru, in Dept. of Junin (Oroya; Chipa; Queta, near Tarma; between Cucas and Palcamayo). Genus STELGIDOPTERYX Baird Stelgidopteryx Baird, in Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. Surv. R. R. Pac., 9, p. 312, 1858 — type, by monotypy, Hirundo serripennis Audubon. *Stelgidopteryx ruficollis ruficollis (Vieillot). RUFOUS-THROATED ROUGH-WINGED SWALLOW. Hirundo ruficollis Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 14, p. 523, 1817 — "Bresil," coll. Delalande, Jr. = vicinity of Rio de Janeiro (type in Paris Museum; cf. Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 5, p. 442, 1853). Hirundo flavigastra Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. &L, 14, p. 534, 1817 — based on "Golondrina vientre amarillazo" Azara, No. 306, Paraguay (excl. variety);1 Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 69, 1837 — Corrientes (spec, examined). Hirundo jugularis Wied, Reise Bras., 1, p. 345 (8vo ed., p. 342), 1820 — Cachoeirinha, Rio Grande de Belmonte, Bahia, Brazil (type in Wied Collection, now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York; cf. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 217, 1889); Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 27, pi. 161, fig. 2, 1822— Brazil; Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 365, 1830 — eastern Brazil. Hirundo hortensis Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. Berliner Mus., p. 57, 1823 — Bahia (type in Berlin Museum). Hirundo flaviventer Lesson, Traite" d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 269, Sept., 1830— "Bresil (Delalande) "= Rio de Janeiro (type in Paris Museum; cf. Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 5, p. 444, 1853 (crit.)). Cotyle flavigastra Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 144, 1856 — Congonhas, Minas Geraes; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 17, 1868 — Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo (Casa Pintada, Ypanema), and Matto Grosso (Cuyaba, Caicara). Cotyle ruficollis Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 439 — Minas Geraes (Lag6a Santa) and Sao Paulo (Hytu); Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 235, 1873 — Blumenau, Santa Catharina. Cotik ruficollis Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CL, 8, p. 90, 1883— Conception del Uruguay, Entre Rios (nesting habits). Stelgidopteryx ruficollis Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 315, 1865 — "La Plata" region and Brazil (crit.) ; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 178 — upper and lower Ucayali, Peru; idem, I.e., 1867, p. 749 — Yuri- maguas, Peru; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 185 — Cosnipata, Peru; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 259 — Ucayali and Yurimaguas, Peru (nest and eggs descr.); Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 377 — Para (spec, examined); Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 510 — Monterico, Peru; Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1879, 1 This variety, of which Azara states having seen but one example, appears to be Alopochelidon fucatus (Temminck). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 39 p. 596— Yuyo, Bolivia; Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 330— Recife and Parahyba inland to Macuca, Pernambuco; Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 246, 1884 — Peruvian localities; Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 117, 1885 — Linja Piraja, Rio Grande do Sul; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 208, 636, 1885 — part, spec, a-m, p-z, Ucayali, Yurimaguas, Iquitos, Para, Rio Pernambuco, Bahia, Yuyo, and Rio Napo; Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 647, pi. 126 (left fig.), 1888— part, Bahia, Para, Rio de Janeiro, Iquitos, Ucayali, Yurimaguas, Copataza River, Rio Napo, Yuyo; Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 1, p. 36, 1888 — Entre Rios; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 334 — La Merced, Chanchamayo, Peru; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 11, 1899 — Rio Zamora, eastern Ecuador; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 118, 1899 — Linja Piraja and Pedras Brancas, Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 140, 1899 — Piquete, Iguape, and Sao Sebastiao, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 152, 1900 — Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 316 — Archidona, Ecuador; Goeldi, Ibis, 1903, p. 499 — Rio Capim, Par&; Bruch, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 11, p. 256, 1904— Oran, Salta, Argentina; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 342, 1907 — Sao Paulo (Iguape, Piquete, Cachoeira, Jundiahy) and Minas Geraes (Vargem Alegre); Reiser, Denks. Math.- Naturwiss. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 77, 1910 — Pernambuco (Beberibe, near Recife), Bahia (Boa Vista and Lag&a de Boqueirao, Rio Grande), and Piauhy (Santo Antonio de Gilboez); Grant, Ibis, 1911, p. 92 — Rabicho, Matto Grosso, and Colonia Mihanovitch, Formosa; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 472, 1914 — part, Pari, Maguary, Apehy, Peixe-Boi, Rio Capim (Resacca), Rio Xingu (Victoria), Rio Jamauchim (Conceicao), and Rio Tapajoz (Boim) ; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 61, 1914 — Alto Parana, Paraguay; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 2, No. 6, p. 60, 1926 — Anil and Tury-assu, Maranhao. Stelgidopteryx ruficollis ruficollis Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 2, p. 58, 1901 (char., range); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 13, 1906— Brazil north to Para, west to Peru and Ecuador (crit.); idem, I.e., 15, p. 25, 1908 — Goyaz (crit.); Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 354, 1910 — Entre Rios, Misiones (Posadas), Salta (Oran), and "Catamarca" (errore); Hellmayr, Abhandl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Phys. Kl., 26, No. 2, p. 87, 1912— Par4 and Rio Capim, Para; Dabbene, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 351, 1914 (range in Argentina); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 505, 1917 — La Morelia, Caqueta, Colombia; Beebe, Zoologica (N.Y.), 2, p. 103, 1916— Utinga, Para; Hellmayr, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 10, 1920 — Chaquimayo, Carabaya, Peru; Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 102, 1921— below San Miguel Bridge, Urubamba, Peru; idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 559, 1926— Zamora and Rio Suno, eastern Ecuador; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 171, 1928— Para; Holt, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 57, p. 312, 1928— Monte Serrat, Itatiaya; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 266, 1929— Tranqueira, Maranhao; Zimmer, I.e., 17, p. 399, 1930— Rio Colo- rado, Chanchamayo, Peru (crit.); Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 319, 1930 — Descalvados and Tapirapoan, Matto Grosso, and Calama, Rio Madeira. 40 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Stelgidopteryx uropygialis (not Cotyle uropygialis Lawrence) Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 342, 1907— "Bahia."1 (?) Stelgidopteryx ruficollis uropygialis Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35, p. 458, 1918 — Bellavista, Rio Maranon, Peru. Range. — Extreme northern and eastern Argentina, in provinces of Salta (Oran), Jujuy (Ledesma), Formosa (Colonia Mihanovitch), Entre Rios (Conception del Uruguay), Corrientes, and Misiones (Posadas); Paraguay; eastern Bolivia (Yuyo); Brazil, north to the Amazon; eastern Peru; and north through eastern Ecuador to southeastern Colombia (La Morelia, Caqueta).2 17: Brazil (Tranqueira, Maranhao, 1; Sao Marcello, Rio Preto, Bahia, 8; Piraputanga, Matto Grosso, 1); Peru (Rioja, 1; Moyo- bamba, 4; Rio Colorado, Chanchamayo, 1; San Ram6n, Chancha- mayo, 1). *Stelgidopteryx ruficollis cacabatus Bangs and Penard.3 GUIANAN ROUGH-WINGED SWALLOW. 1 The occurrence of S. uropygialis in Brazil rests upon a specimen supposed to be from "Bahia" in the British Museum (spec. i). This example, which we have carefully examined, pertains to S. r. aequalis, but it certainly never came from Bahia, having the characteristic preparation of the skins imported from Cartagena and Barranquilla, in northern Colombia. 2 Birds from eastern Peru and eastern Ecuador appear to me inseparable from Brazilian skins. A single specimen from Para likewise resembles the average from Bahia and Rio de Janeiro, while one from Jujuy is among the palest in the whole series examined, so far as the upper parts are concerned. Additional specimens examined. — Paraguay: San Luis de la Sierra, Apa High- lands, 3. — Argentina: Ledesma, Jujuy, 1. — Brazil: Caicara, Matto Grosso, 2; Puerto Sastre, Rio Paraguay, 1; Sao Sebastiao, Sao Paulo, 1; Casa Pintada, Sao Paulo, 2; Rio de Janeiro, 5; Bahia, 3; Rio Grande, Bahia, 3; Beberibe, Pernambuco, 1; Santo Antonio de Gilboez, Piauhy, 1; Para, 1. — Peru: Chaquimayo, Carabaya, 2; La Aroya, Inambari Val, 1; Chanchamayo, 1; Nauta, 2. — Ecuador: Archidona, 3. 3 Stelgidopteryx ruficollis cacabatus Bangs and Penard: Similar to S. r. ruficollis in having the lower rump concolor with the back, but upper parts including wings and tail darker, fuscous rather than hair brown; chest and sides also slightly darker; size perhaps on average smaller. With the limited material at my command, I am hardly in the position to pass a definite judgment on the merits of this form. A topotype from near Para- maribo and a single trade skin from Cayenne, while decidedly darker than the great majority in a considerable series of ruficollis, can very nearly be matched by certain individuals, notably one from Pernambuco (Beberibe, near Recife) and one from Chanchamayo, Peru. Birds from Roraima are doubtful. The five specimens now before me, all collected by H. Whitely in the early eighties, are appreciably paler and browner above than any other example from South America and have the rump buffy brown, these peculiarities haying already been noticed by Sharpe (1888). Chapman, however, in discussing recently collected material from Roraima, describes the upper parts as being as dark as in ruficollis, which leads me to believe that the coloration of the Whitely skins must have undergone some post-mortem change. I concur with Dr. Chapman that the Roraima birds, which I had formerly referred to S. r. aequalis, cannot well be united to that form, although by their somewhat lighter rump they mark a certain approach in their direction. Material examined. — French Guiana: Cayenne, 1. — Dutch Guiana: near Paramaribo, 1. — British Guiana: Roraima, 5. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 41 Stelgidopteryx ruficollis cacabatus Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 83, 1918 — vicinity of Paramaribo, Surinam (type in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.). / Cotyle ruficollis (not Hirundo ruficollis Vieillot) Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 41, 1862 — part, spec, e, Cayenne. Stelgidopteryx ruficollis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 208, 1885 — part, spec, n, Cayenne; Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 206 — Roraima; Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 647, pi. 126 (right fig.), 1888— part, Cayenne and Roraima; Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 110, 1908 — Cayenne; Penard and Penard, Vog. Guyana, 2, p. 506, 1910— Surinam; (?) Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 472, 1914 — part, Rio Maecuru, Brazil. Stelgidopteryx ruficollis aequalis (not of Bangs) Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 13, 1906 — part, Roraima. Stelgidopteryx aequalis Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 350, 1921 — Roraima and upper Takutu Mountains. Stelgidopteryx uropygialis (not Cotyle uropygialis Lawrence) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 209, 637, 1885 — part, spec, g, h, q-v, Roraima and Cayenne; Penard and Penard, Vog. Guyana, 2, p. 507, 1910 — Surinam. Stelgidopteryx ruficollis ruficollis Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 63, p. 105, 1931 — Arabupu, Roraima (crit.). Range. — French, Dutch, and British Guiana, possibly extending south to the north bank of the Amazon, Brazil (Rio Maecuru). 1: Dutch Guiana (vicinity of Paramaribo, 1). *Stelgidopteryx ruficollis aequalis Bangs.1 CARIBBEAN ROUGH- WINGED SWALLOW. Stelgidopteryx ruficollis aequalis Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 2, p. 58, 1901 — Santa Marta, Colombia (type in collection of E. A. and O. Bangs, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 292, 1930); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 13, 1906 — Laventille, Chaguaramas, Caroni, and Cangrejal, Trinidad (crit., range excl. Roraima); Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 1, p. 357, 1908 — Aripo and Carenage, Trinidad; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 206, 1913— Marimo River, Orinoco Delta; Cherrie, Sci. 1 Stelgidopteryx ruficollis aequalis Bangs: Nearest to S. r. uropygialis in having the lower rump pale grayish brown or dull whitish, in strong contrast to the much darker color of the back; but throat paler rufous, and chest and sides conspicuously paler brownish gray. Birds from Santa Marta, Venezuela, and Trinidad agree well together. Two from the Caura Valley (La Pricion and Maripa) are typically pale-rumped indi- viduals of this form, showing no approach to S. r. cacabatus, and so are several skins from the Magdalena Valley. Intermediates between aequalis and uropygialis occur, however, according to Chapman, in the lower Cauca Valley and on the Rio Sucio, in western Colombia. Additional material examined. — Trinidad: Carenage, 4; Caparo, 7; Chaguanas, 1; Laventille, 1; Chaguaramas, 1; Caroni, 1; Cangrejal, 1. — Venezuela: Guiria, Paria Peninsula, 1; Cumanacoa, Sucre, 5; Maripa, Caura, 1; La Pricion, Caura, 1; Caicara, Orinoco, 4; Merida, 2. — Colombia: "Bogota," 3; Bucaramanga, 1; Santa Marta, 2; Cartagena, 3. 42 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 160, 1916 — middle and lower Orinoco; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 505, 1917— Dabeiba (Rio Sucio), Puerto Valdivia and Rio Frio (Cauca Valley), Calamar, Varrud, Banco, Puerto Berrio, Malena, and Chicoral (Magdalena Valley), Anda- lucia, and Villavicencio, Colombia (crit.); Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 437, 1922 — Bonda, Santa Marta, Don Diego, Tucurinca, and Fundaci6n, Santa Marta, Colombia (nest and eggs); Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 410, 1930 — Rio Frio, Magdalena. Cotyle flavigastra (not Hirundo flavigastra Vieillot) Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 133— part, Cartagena. Cotyle uropygialis (not of Lawrence) Leotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 94, 1866 — Trinidad. Stelgidopteryx uropygialis Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 323 — Ocana and Bucaramanga; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 496 — Remedios, Antio- quia; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 285, 1884 — Bucaramanga, Colombia; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 209, 637, 1885— part, spec, f, o, p, Venezuela, Bogota, and Santa Elena, Colombia; Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 651, pi. 127 (fig. of adult from Ocana), 1889— part, Venezuela and Colombia (Bogota, Ocana, Remedios, Santa Elena); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 6, p. 28, 1894— Trinidad; Phelps, Auk, 14, p. 364, 1897 — Cumanacoa and San Antonio, Sucre, Venezuela; Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 142, 1898— Santa Marta; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 171, 1900— Bonda, Santa Marta; Williams, Bull. Dept. Agric. Trin. and Tobago, 20, p. 129, 1922— Williamsville and Harmony Hall, Trinidad (food). Stelgidopteryx ruficollis uropygialis Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 15, 1902 — Caicara and Altagracia, Orinoco, and La Pricion, Caura, Venezuela; Lowe, Ibis, 1909, p. 322 — Cariaco, Venezuela. Stelgidopteryx ruficollis (not Hirundo ruficollis Vieillot) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 208, 1885 — part, spec, o, Caracas, Venezuela. Range. — Trinidad; northern Venezuela south to the Orinoco Valley and its tributaries; Colombia, from the Caribbean coast south to the lower Cauca, throughout the Magdalena Valley, and through the eastern Andes to Villavicencio. 12: Colombia (Fundacion, 1; Puerto Berrio, Magdalena, 1; Andalucia, Huila, 1; "Bogota," 1); Venezuela (Orope, Zulia, 1; Colon, Tachira, 2; Maracay, Aragua, 1; Macuto, Caracas, 4). *Stelgidopteryx ruficollis uropygialis (Lawrence). PANAMA ROUGH-WINGED SWALLOW. Cotyle uropygialis Lawrence, Ibis, 5, p. 181, 1863 — Panama (type in collection of Geo. N. Lawrence, now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, p. 3, 1863— Panama; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 348 — Isthmus of Panama (crit.); Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1867, p. 278 — Bluefields River, Nicaragua. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 43 Cotyle flavigastra (not Hirundo flavigastra Vieillot) Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 133— part, Rio Truando, Colombia; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 274, 1860 — Babahoyo, Ecuador; Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 317, 1862— Panama Railroad. Cotyle ruficollis (not Hirundo ruficollis Vieillot) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 292, 1860 — Esmeraldas, Ecuador. Stelgidopteryx uropygialis Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 317, 1865 — Isthmus of Darien and Panama (crit.); Salvin, Ibis, 1870, p. 109 — Costa Rica; Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, p. 744 — Lechugal, near Tumbez, Peru; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 238, 1883 — part, Costa Rica (Angostura), Panama (railroad line, Obispo Station), and Rio Truando; Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 543— Chimbo, Ecuador; idem, I.e., 1884, p. 75 — Yaguachi, Ecuador; Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 247, 1884 — Lechugal and Paucal, Peru; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 209, 637, 1885— part, spec, a-e, j, m, n, Panama, Esmeraldas, and Babahoyo; Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 651, pi. 127 (fig. of young), 1889— part, Costa Rica, Panama, western Ecuador, and western Peru; Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 486, 1893— Rio Frio, Costa Rica; Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 480, 1898— Cachabi and Chimbo, Ecuador; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, pi. 11, 1899— Vinces, Ecuador; Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 2, p. 26, 1900— Loma del Leon, Panama. Stelgidopteryx ruficollis uropygialis Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. CL, 2, p. 59, 1901 — part, Panama and Costa Rica (crit.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 63, 1904 — Nicaragua to western Ecuador (excl. Venezuela and Trinidad); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 13, 1906— Costa Rica to western Ecuador (crit., excl. Chiriqui); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 790, 1910— Costa Rica (in part); HfiUmayr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911, p. 1093 — Sipf, western Colombia; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 506, 1917— Juntas de Tamana, Novita, San Jose, Caldas, Las Lomitas, Barbacoas, Buenavista (Narino), La Frijolera, Barro Blanco, Salento, and Rio Toche, Colombia (crit.); Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 291, 1918— Gatun, Panama; Bangs and Barbour, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 224, 1922 — Jesusito, Darien; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 559, 1926 — Esmeraldas, Daule, Duran, Naranjo, Bucay, Rio Jubones, Santa Rosa, Casanga, and Rio Pullango, Ecuador; Griscom, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 11, p. 69, 1929— southeastern Nicaragua to western Ecuador (crit.); idem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, p. 181, 1929 — Cana, Darien; Peters, I.e., 71, p. 330, 1931 — Crimacola, Panama; Griscom, I.e., 72, p. 358, 1932 — Perme, Panama; Berlioz, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, (2), 4, p. 234, 1932— Isla Silva, Ecuador. Stelgidopteryx fulvigula Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 318, 1865 — Angostura, Costa Rica (=juv.; type in U. S. National Museum); Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 307 (crit.). Range. — Chiefly Tropical zone of southern Central America, from eastern Costa Rica south through Panama to western Colombia 44 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII (extending east, according to Chapman, to the Subtropical zone of the central Andes), western Ecuador, and northwestern Peru (Tumbez; Paucal).1 9: Costa Rica (Siquirres, 1); Panama (Colon, 2; between Frijoles and Darien, 1); Colombia (San Jose", 1; Buenavista, Narino, 1); Ecuador (Pambilar, Prov. Esmeraldas, 2; Puente de Chimbo, 1). *Stelgidopteryx ruficollis decolor Griscom.2 CnmiQUf ROUGH- WINGED SWALLOW. Stelgidopteryx ruficollis decolor Griscom, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 11, p. 69, 1929 — Divala, Chiriqui, Panama (type in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.). Stelgidopteryx uropygialis (not Cotyla uropygialis Lawrence) Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 184 — Chitra, Veragua; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 238, 1883— part, Chitra; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 209, 637, 1885 — part, spec. 1, Chitra; Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 651, 1889— part, Chitra, "Chiriqui." Stelgidopteryx ruficollis uropygialis Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. CL, 2, p. 59 > 1901— part, Chiriqui; idem, Auk, 18, p. 368, 1901— Divala, Chiriqui (crit.); idem, Auk, 24, p. 305, 1907— Pozo del Rio Grande, Costa Rica; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 790, 1910 — part, Pozo Azul de Pirris and El General de Te>raba, Costa Rica. Stelgidopteryx salvini (not of Ridgway, 1903) Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 62, 1904— part, Divala, Chiriqui. 1 Series from Pacific Colombia and western Ecuador agree perfectly with birds from Panama Canal Zone. The Siquirres specimen merely differs by its slightly paler cinnamomeous throat. Additional material examined. — Panama: Colon, 3. — Colombia: Sipi, 3; Rio Dagua, 2. — Ecuador: Rio Cayapas, 2; Carondelet, 2; San Javier, 1; Paramba (alt. 3,500 ft.), 1. 2 Stelgidopteryx ruficollis decolor Griscom: Very near to S. r. uropygialis, but slightly paler brown above, with the pileum less blackish; rump as a rule nearly concolor with, or only little paler than, the back, but sometimes fully as whitish as in uropygialis; throat frequently paler cinnamomeous; middle of belly less tinged with yellowish; under tail coverts sometimes unspotted. Wing (males), 110-113. This is a very unstable form, consisting of intergrades of varying degree between uropygialis and fulvipennis and its recognition in nomenclature appears to be highly disputable. Of five birds from Chiriqui (Bugaba), two are hardly distinguishable from Panama examples of uropygialis, haying a distinct whitish brown uropygial area, bright cinnamomeous throat, yellowish abdominal line, and long blackish tips to the under tail coverts. Two others, which have the rump brown like the back, the throat faintly tinged with pale vinaceous-buff, and the abdominal line as well as the unspotted under tail coverts nearly white, cannot be told apart from fulvipennis. The fifth specimen is exactly halfway between the two other sets. Similar conditions exist in the Te>raba Valley of Costa Rica. Cf. also Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 19, p. 110, 1906. Material examined. — Panama: Bugaba, Chiriqui, 5. — Costa Rica: Punta Mala, 1; El P6zo de Rio Te>raba, 1; Pozo Azul de Pirris, 3. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 45 Range. — Pacific slope of Central America, from Veraguas (Chitra) to the TeYraba Valley in extreme southern Costa Rica. 2: Costa Rica (Punta Mala, delta of the Rio Diquis, T&raba district, 1; El Pozo, Rio Te*rraba, 1). *Stelgidopteryx ruficollis fulvipennis (Sclater).1 SALVIN'S ROUGH-WINGED SWALLOW. Cotyle fulvipennis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 27, p. 364, 1859 — Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico (type in collection of P. L. Sclater, now in British Muse- um;=young); Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1860, p. 31 — Duefias, Guatemala. Stelgidopteryx salvini Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16, p. 107, 1903 — Duenas, Guatemala (type in U. S. National Museum); idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 62, 1904 — southwestern Mexico (La Barca, Jalisco) to Guatemala (Duenas) (monog., excl. Divala, Chiriqui); Ferry, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 273, 1910— Guayabo, Costa Rica. Stelgidopteryx fulvipennis Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 316, 1865 — part, Duenas, Guatemala (crit.); Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 67 — San Jose, Costa Rica (spec., now in Munich Museum, examined). Stelgidopteryx fulvigula (not of Baird) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 96, 1868 — Atirro, Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 295, 1869— Costa Rica; Salvin, Ibis, 1870, p. 108— Atirro, Costa Rica (crit.). Cotyle serripennis (not Hirundo serripennis Audubon) Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 13 — Rio Gualacate and Duenas, Guatemala. Stelgidopteryx serripennis Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 237, 1883— Guatemala (part); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 206, 636, 1885— part, spec, c', e'-f , San Ger6nimo, Guatemala (June), Irazu and Atirro, Costa Rica; Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 635, pi. 125 (adult), 1890— part, Costa Rica (Atirro, San Jos6); Cherrie, Auk, 7, p. 335, 1890— San Jose, Costa Rica; idem, Auk, 9, p. 22, 1892— San Jose (breeding; spec, examined); Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 123, 1907 — part, Lake Atitlan, Guatemala. Stelgidopteryx serripennis serripennis Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 791, 1910 — Juan Vinas, Miravalles, and Cachi, Costa Rica2 (breeding). 1 Stelgidopteryx ruficollis fulvipennis (Sclater) is another connecting link to S. r. serripennis, closing the gap between the North American form and S. r. decolor. Certain specimens with a minimum amount of cinnamomeous color on the throat run exceedingly close to the former, while the opposite extreme is not separable from some Chiriqui birds (decolor). The fact that both S. r. fulvipennis and S. r. uropygialis are reported to occur in the highland region of Costa Rica traversed by the Caribbean Railroad renders the desirability of further information strongly felt. As Mr. Bangs has quite correctly stated, the Rough-winged Swallows of Central America constitute an aggregate of intermediates between the grayish- throated serripennis and the rufous-throated uropygialis, varying to such an extent that the discrimination of the several races proposed by Mr. Griscom and provi- sionally accepted by the present author remains more or less problematical. Additional material examined. — Costa Rica: Monte Aguacate, 1; Cachi, 1; San Jos6, 3. 2 The locality P6zo Aztil de Pirris refers, of course, to S. r. decolor. 46 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Stelgidopteryx serripennis salvini Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 796, 1910 — Chiriqui and Costa Rica; McLellan, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 16, p. 38, 1927— Labrados, Sinaloa (Sept.). Stelgidopteryx ruficollis salvini Griscom, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 11, p. 70, 1929 — from western Vera Cruz and western Guatemala to Costa Rica (crit.); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 285, 1932— Antigua (breed- ing), Huehuetenango, and Panajachel, western Guatemala. Stelgidopteryx ruficollis fulvipennis van Rossem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 394, 1934 (crit.). Range. — Highlands of south central Mexico (Labrados, Sinaloa; La Barca and Tuxpan, Jalisco; "western Vera Cruz"), western Guatemala, and highlands of Costa Rica (except TeYraba Valley). 8: Mexico (Tuxpan, Jalisco [May 9], 4); Guatemala (Lake Atitlan [Apr. 8], 1); Costa Rica (Miravalles [March 30], 1; San Jose" [July 9], 1; Guayabo [Feb. 1], 1). Stelgidopteryx ruficollis ridgwayi Nelson.1 YUCATAN ROUGH- WINGED SWALLOW. Stelgidopteryx ridgwayi Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 14, p. 174, 1901 — Chichen Itza, Yucatan (type in U. S. National Museum); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 61, 1904— southeastern Mexico and Guatemala (monog.); Cole, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 50, p. 134, 1906 — Chichen Itza, Yucatan; McLellan, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 16, p. 38, 1927— Labrados, Sinaloa (Sept.). Cotyle serripennis (not Hirundo serripennis Audubon) Owen, Ibis, 1861, p. 61 — San Geronimo, Guatemala (breeding; eggs descr.). Stelgidopteryx serripennis Boucard, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, (n.s.), 25, p. 54, 1878 — Guatemala (spec., now in Munich Museum, examined); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 237, 1883 — part, San Geronimo, Guatemala (breeding); Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 442— Yucatan; Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 635, 1890— part, Yucatan and San Geronimo, Guatemala (breeding); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 8, p. 278, 1896— Chichen Itza, Yucatan. Stelgidopteryx ruficollis ridgwayi Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 67, p. 479, 1927 — Motzorongo and Texolo, Vera Cruz (crit.); Austin, I.e., 69, p. 384, 1929 — Augustine, British Honduras (breeding; crit.); Griscom, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 11, p. 71, 1929— Yucatan, British Honduras, 1 Stelgidopteryx ruficollis ridgwayi Nelson: Nearest to S. r. serripennis, but conspicuously larger and much darker, the upper parts being deep sooty brown instead of hair brown; breast and sides much more extensively and darker brown, the light area restricted to the center of the lower abdomen. Differs from S. r. fulvipennis by larger size and much darker coloration with less cinnamomeous on the throat. Wing, 120-122. Judging from two specimens, this appears to be a well-marked race, though the exact limits of its breeding range have yet to be ascertained. Material examined. — Guatemala: Vera Paz, 2. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 47 and Guatemala (crit.); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 286, 1932— Finca Sepacuite and Secanquim, Vera Paz, Guatemala (breeding). Stelgidopteryx fulvipennis (not Cotyle fulvipennis Sclater) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 200, 1869— Me>ida, Yucatan. Range. — Breeds in the hills of Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala, and in western British Honduras (Augustine) ; migratory and winter speci- mens have been recorded from Tabasco (Teapa), Yucatan, Vera Cruz (Motzorongo, Texolo), and even Sinaloa (Labrados [Sept.]). *Stelgidopteryx ruficollis serripennis (Audubon). ROUGH- WINGED SWALLOW. Hirundo serripennis Audubon, Orn. Biog., 4, p. 593, 1838 — Charleston, South Carolina (type in U. S. National Museum). Stelgidopteryx ruficollis psammochrous Griscom, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 11, p. 72, 1929 — near Oposura, Sonora, Mexico (type in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.). Stelgidopteryx ruficollis aphractus Oberholser, Sci. Pub. Clevel. Mus. N. H., 4, p. 5, 1932 — Warner Valley, south of Adel, Oregon (type in Cleveland Museum) . Stelgidopteryx serripennis Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 314, 1865 — United States to Mexico (monog.); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 237, 1883 — North America and Central America (part); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 206, 1885 (monog.): Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 635, pi. 215, 1890 (monog., part); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 58, 1904 (monog., full bibliog.); Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 21, p. 134, 1905 — Escuinapa, Sinaloa; idem, I.e., 22, p. 176, 1906— Rio Sestin, Durango (crit.); Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 123, 1907 — part, Mazatenango and Patulul, Guate- mala; Peters, Auk, 30, p. 377, 1913 — Camp Mengel, Quintana Roo; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 270, 1918— Gatun, Panama. Stelgidopteryx ruficollis serripennis Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 2, p. 60, 1901 (crit.); Kennard and Peters, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 38, p. 458, 1928 — Almirante, Panama; Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 191, 1928— Lower California; Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, p. 457, 1929 — Lancetilla, Honduras; Griscom, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 11, p. 72, 1929 (monog.); van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 268, 1931 — Saric, T6sia, Guaymas, and San Jos6 de Guaymas, Sonora (crit.); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 285, 1932 — San Lucas, Guatemala. Range. — North America, from British Columbia, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, central Wisconsin, southeastern Ontario, southern New York, western Massachusetts, and Connecticut south to the southern United States, from southern California to central Florida and to northern Mexico (northern Lower California, Sonora, Chihuahua, northwestern Durango; (?) Tamaulipas, (?) Vera Cruz); 48 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII wintering from southern Arizona and Mexico southward to Panama.1 24: Oregon (Tillamook, 1); South Dakota (Moody County, 1); Arizona (Calabasas, 1; Tucson, 2); Texas (Corpus Christi, 1); Mississippi (Vicksburg, 1); Illinois (Grand Chain, 1; Warsaw, 1; Fox Lake, 1; Joliet, 1); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 1); New York (Ramapo, 1; Shelter Island, 1; Peterboro, 1); Mexico (Sabinas, Coahuila, 2; Mexico City, 2; Tampico, Tamaulipas, 1); Guatemala (Patulul, Solola, 3; Mazatenango, 1). Genus ALOPOCHELIDON Ridgway2 Alopochelidon Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16, p. 106, 1903— type, by orig. desig., Hirundo fucala Temminck. *Alopochelidon fucata (Temminck). TAWNY-HEADED SWALLOW. Hirundo fucata Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 27, pi. 161, fig. 1, Oct., 1822 — "au Bresil" (location of type not stated). Cotyle fucata Burmeister, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 253, 1860 — Mendoza; idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 478, 1861— Mendoza; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 18, 1868 — Casa Pintada, Ypanema, and Itarare, Sao Paulo; Doering, Period. Zool. Argent., 1, p. 254, 1874 — Barrancas, Corrientes; Stempelmann and Schulz, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, 10, p. 400, 1890— Cordoba. Cotile fucata White, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 596— Santo Tome, Cor- rientes; idem, I.e., 1883, p. 37 — Cosquin, Cordoba; Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 206 — Roraima, British Guiana. Atticora fucata Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 308, 1865 (crit.); Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 441 — Sao Paulo (Franca), Minas Geraes (Paracatu, Lagda Santa), and Venezuela; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 188, 635, 1885— Brazil (Ypanema), Argentina (Cordoba, Mendoza), and British Guiana (Roraima); Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 117, 1885 — Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul; Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 1, p. 35, 1888 — Argentina (Mendoza; Santo Tome', Corrientes; Cosquin, Cordoba); Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 515, pi. Ill, 1888 (monog.); Frenzel, Journ. Orn., 39, p. 118, 1891— Cordoba; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 3, p. 346, 1891— 1 As pointed out by van Rqssem (I.e.), the Sonoran form (S. r. psammochrous) is not separable, its alleged distinctive characters being due to fading of the typical series. Birds from Jalisco (May 9), while similar to serripennis in coloration, are decidedly larger, and I am inclined to refer them to S. r. fulvipennis, though more adequate material is yet required to establish their proper status. 2 Alopochelidon Ridgway is closely allied to Stelgidopteryx, but differs never- theless in lesser extent of adhesion of toes, and in the absence of the recurved tips to the barbs of the outer web of the outermost primary. It must be remarked, however, that the last-named character is developed only in adult males of Stel- gidopteryx. The style of coloration, too, is very similar in the two groups, though, in Alopochelidon, the rufous color also largely involves the head, it being confined to the throat and f oreneck in Stelgidopteryx. It is hard to conceive how this swallow could ever have been associated with the genus Atticora. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 49 Chapada, Matto Grosso; Aplin, Ibis, 1894, p. 167, pi. 5, fig. 2 (egg)— Cuchi- lla Grande and near Monzon River, Uruguay (nesting habits); Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 5, 1897— Caiza, Bolivia; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 118, 1899 — Mundo Novo and Pedras Brancas, Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 139, 1899 — Piracicaba, Itapetininga, and Ypiranga, Sao Paulo; Kerr, Ibis, 1901, p. 223 — Paraguayan Chaco; Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 174, 1902— Tucuman; idem, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, p. 41, 1905 — Tucuman; Baer, Ornis, 12, p. 215, 1904— Tapia, Tucuman; Bruch, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 11, p. 256, 1904 — Rosario de Lerma, Salta; Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 170, 1909— Pinde" (Chaco), Tucuman, and Santo Tome, Corrientes (nesting habits, eggs); Grant, Ibis, 1911, p. 92 — Mortero, Paraguay. Alopochelidonfucatus(a) Ihering and Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 342, 1907 — Sao Paulo (Ypiranga, Itapetininga, Piracicaba, Franca, and San Bernardo) ; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 553, 1910 (range in Argen- tina); Sanzin, El Hornero, 1, p. 151, 1918 — Mendoza; Tremoleras, I.e., 2, p. 22, 1920— Uruguay; Giacomelli, I.e., 3, p. 68, 1923— La Rioja; Dinelli, I.e., 3, p. 253, 1924 — Tucuman (nest and eggs descr.); Pereyra, I.e., 4, p. 32, 1927— San Rafael, Mendoza; Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 102, 1921 — below San Miguel Bridge, Urubamba, Peru; Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 342, 1926— Formosa, Formosa, and Tunuyan, Mendoza; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 319, 1930 — Matto Grosso (range); Chapman, I.e., 63, p. 105, 1931— Philipp Camp, Roraima (crit.). Atlicora fucata roraimae Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, p. 155, June, 1920 — Mount Roraima, British Guiana (type in British Museum examined); idem, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 348, 1921— Roraima. Range. — Northern Argentina, south to Mendoza, Cordoba, Santa Fe", and Corrientes; Uruguay; Paraguay; southern Brazil, from Rio Grande do Sul north to Matto Grosso, Sao Paulo, and Minas Geraes; Bolivia (Caiza); Peru (Urubamba Canyon); British Guiana (Roraima); Venezuela (mountains near Cumana, Sucre* V 1 1 am unable to make out any racial variation. Birds from Roraima and Venezuela are absolutely identical in coloration with southern examples, but average perhaps slightly smaller. Adults (sexes not different in size) measure as follows: Wing Tail One from Paraguay (Bernalcue1) 99 47 Eight from Brazil (Sao Paulo) 98-104 45-49 Five from Roraima 96-101 42-47 Two from Venezuela (near Cumana) 94, 96 42, 45 This swallow had already been recorded by Reinhardt from Venezuela, but the locality was questioned by Sharpe. The late Eugene Andr6, however, secured two adults in the mountains near Cumana in March, 1897, which are now in the Munich Museum, thus confirming its occurrence in Venezuela. It remains, on the other hand, an open question , whether this species breeds in Venezuela and on Roraima or appears there only as a migrant from the south. Additional specimens examined. — Paraguay: Bernalcue", 1. — Brazil, Sao Paulo: Ypanema, Casa Pintada, etc., 10. — British Guiana: Roraima, 5. — Venezuela: mountains near Cumana, 2. 50 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 7: Argentina (Concepci6n, Tucuman, 5); Uruguay (Treinta y Tres, 1); Brazil (Victoria, Sao Paulo, 1). Genus NEOCHELIDON Sclater1 Microchelidon (not of Reichenbach, 1853) Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 39, 1862 — type, by monotypy, Petrochelidon tibialis Cassin. Neochelidon Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. [XVI], 1862 — new name for Microchelidon Sclater, preoccupied. Neochelidon tibialis tibialis (Cassin).2 BRAZILIAN WHITE- THIGHED SWALLOW. Petrochelidon (?) tibialis Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 6, p. 370, 1853 — habitat unknown, "probably South America"; we suggest vicinity of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (type in Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 51, p. 44, 1899). Microchelidon tibialis Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 39, 1862 — Brazil. Neochelidon tibialis Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 83, 1874 — Cantagallo, Prov. Rio de Janeiro (spec, in Berlin Museum examined). Atticora tibialis Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 231, 1883 — part, Brazil (spec, in Swainson Collection, Cambridge, England); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 185, 1885 — part, Brazil; Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 501, 1889— part, Brazil; Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, p. 152, 1900 — Cantagallo (ex Cabanis); idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 341, 1907 — part, Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro. 1 Neochelidon Sclater forms a well-marked group, recognizable by its propor- tionately short tail, short wing-tip, and remarkably short hallux. In coloration it bears a striking resemblance to some of the smaller swifts of the genus Chaetura. 2 Neochelidon tibialis tibialis (Cassin) is very little known to ornithologists. Cassin described it from an adult of unknown origin in the Rivoli Collection, but a young bird believed to be conspecific and contained in the same collection was labeled as coming from "Brazil." It was reserved for Dr. Chapman to point out that Cassin's type did not wholly agree with either the Amazonian or the Pacific race. This author speculates on the habitat of the typical form, but, like Sharpe and Wyatt, completely overlooks Cabanis's record from Cantagallo, inland of Rio de Janeiro, where Carlos Euler had observed a flock of this swallow resorting to holes in a steep bank. A specimen collected by Euler (Berlin Museum, No. 19719), when compared to the two other races, shows exactly the differences alluded to by Chapman, and so does a skin of the characteristic "Rio" preparation in the Vienna Museum. The University Museum in Cambridge, England, also has a specimen from the Swainson Collection, which, according to its "make," originated in southern Brazil. There can be little doubt, therefore, that N. t. tibialis is an inhabitant of southeastern Brazil. The depth of the furca varies much within the same limits as in N. t. griseiventris, which it also resembles in size, but the Brazilian race is apparently darker underneath, nearly hair brown or olive brown on throat, chest, and tail coverts. Since only a few old skins are available for comparison, the difference may, however, be merely due to post-mortem change, and fresh material from Brazil is urgently desired to settle the question definitely. Measurements. — Adult female, Cantagallo: wing, 89; tail, 49; furca, 9; bill, 6. Adult, Rio de Janeiro: wing, 96; tail, 58; furca, 15; bill, 6. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 51 Range. — Southeastern Brazil, in State of Rio de Janeiro (Cantagallo). Neochelidon tibialis griseiventris Chapman.1 AMAZONIAN WHITE-THIGHED SWALLOW. Neochelidon griseiventris Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 138, p. 9, Oct., 1924 — Candamo, southeastern Peru (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 556, 1926— Zamora, Ecuador. Neochelidon tibialis (not Petrochelidon tibialis Cassin) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, pp. 597, 598— Cosnipata, Dept. Cuzco, Peru (crit.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 67, 1904— part, Cosnipata, Peru. Atticora tibialis Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 242, 1884 — part, Peru (Cosnipata); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 185, 1885 — part, spec. c, Cosnipata, Peru; Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 501, 1889 — part, Peru (Cosnipata) ; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 334 — La Gloria, Chanchamayo, Dept. Junin, Peru. Range. — Tropical zone of upper Amazonia, from the eastern base of the eastern Andes of Colombia south through eastern Ecuador (Zamora) to eastern Peru (La Gloria, Chanchamayo, and Tulumayo, Vitoc, Dept. Junin; Cosnipata, Candamo, and Marcapata, Dept. Cuzco). *Neochelidon tibialis minimus Chapman.2 PACIFIC WHITE- THIGHED SWALLOW. 1 Neochelidon tibialis griseiventris Chapman: Similar to N. t. tibialis in size and depth of tail-furca, but under parts decidedly paler and more grayish, about mouse gray with a slight brownish or drab cast. Native "Bogota" skins agree with Peruvian birds and doubtless come from the eastern foot of the eastern Andes. One or two specimens are more brownish below, thus verging in the direction of typical tibialis, though being still paler. MEASUREMENTS Wing Tail Furca BUI Adults (unsexed), "Bogota". 90, 92, 96 49, 49, 57 9, 10, 15 5, 6, 6 Male, La Gloria, Chancha- mayo, Peru 97J-3 56 15 6 Female, La Gloria, Chancha- mayo, Peru 89M 47 10 5% Male, Marcapata, Cuzco, Peru 90 50 11 6 Unsexed, Marcapata, Peru . . 89 49 12 5 * Neochelidon tibialis minimus Chapman: Nearest to N. t. tibialis in coloration, but under parts even darker, ranging from olive brown to near clove brown; urppygial area darker, sometimes barely different from color of back; wings and tail markedly shorter; tail-furca shallower. Wing, 83 (female) to 89 (male); tail, 38 (female) to 47 (male); furca, 7-11; bill, 5-6. Material examined. — Panama: Panama Railroad, 1. — Colombia: San Jose, 1. — Ecuador: Paramba, 3; Santo Domingo, 3; Chimbo, 2. y. OF ILi: UK 52 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Neochelidon tibialis minimus Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 138, p. 9, Oct., 1924 — Juntas de Tamana, Rio San Juan, Choco, western Colombia (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 556, 1926— Rio Sapayo, Ecuador. Neochelidon tibialis (not Petrochelidon tibialis Cassin) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 347 — Panama Railroad; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 67, 1904 — part, Isthmus of Panama, Colombia, and western Ecuador (Chimbo); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 504, 1917 — Juntas de Tamana and San Jose, western Colombia; Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 282, p. 7, 1927 — Sambu River, Panama. Atticora tibialis Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 307, 1865 — Panama Railroad (crit.; excl. hab. Brazil); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 495 — Remedies, Colombia (nest descr.); Berlepsch and Taczanowski, I.e., 1883, p. 543 — Chimbo, Ecuador; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- Amer., Aves, 1, p. 231, 1883 — part, Isthmus of Panama and Colombia (Remedies); Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 242, 1884 — part, Panama, Colombia (Remedies), and Ecuador (Chimbo); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 185, 634, 1885 — part, spec, a, b, d-f, Panama and Colombia (Remedies); Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 501, pi. 97, 1889 — part, Panama and Colombia (Remedios); Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 480, 1898— Chimbo and Paramba, Ecuador; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 316— Santo Domingo, Ecuador; Menegaux, Miss. Serv. Geog. Armee Mes. Arc Mend. Equat., 9, p. B. 66, 1911— Santo Domingo. Range. — Tropical zone from Panama (Panama Railroad) through western Colombia, extending east into Antioquia (Remedios), to western Ecuador (as far south as Chimbo). 1: Ecuador (Puente de Chimbo, 1). Genus PYGOCHELIDON Baird Pygochelidon Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 308, May, 1865 — type, by orig. desig., Hirundo cyanoleuca Vieillot. *Pygochelidon cyanoleuca cyanoleuca (Vieillot). BLUE-AND- WHITE SWALLOW. Hirundo cyanoleuca Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., 14, p. 509, 1817 — based on "Golondrina de los timoneles negros" Azara, No. 303, Paraguay;1 Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 68, 1837— "Buenos Aires" [=Maldonado] and "Moxos" [=Cocha- bamba], Bolivia (spec, in Paris Museum examined); Leotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 90, 1866 — Trinidad. 1 As has been pointed out by Bertoni (Faun. Parag., p. 61, 1914) and Wetmore (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 343, 1926), Azara's description, the sole basis of Hirundo cyanoleuca Vieillot, is not definite enough to decide whether it refers to the species commonly designated by that name or to P. c. patagpnica. In view of the fact that the Spanish naturalist calls "los timoneles inferiores negros" it appears, however, preferable to adhere to current usage until more extended collecting has been done in Paraguay and the adjoining parts of Argentina. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 53 Hirundo minuta Wied, Reise Bras., (4to ed.), 2, p. 336, 1821 — Rio de Janeiro (types in Wied Collection, now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York; cf. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 216, 1889); Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 35, pi. 209, fig. 1, 1823— Brazil; Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 369, 1830— Rio de Janeiro. Hirundo melampyga Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. Berliner Mus., p. 57, 1823 — Bahia (type in Berlin Museum); Tschudi, Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 133, 1846 — wood region of Peru. Hirundo melanopyga Tschudi, Arch. Naturg., 10, (1), p. 269, 1844 — Peru (emendation of H. melampyga Lichtenstein). (?) Pygochelidon fiavipes Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 30, p. 8, 1922 — Mar- aynioc, Dept. Junin, Peru (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York;=juv.). Atticora cyanoleuca Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 147, 1856 — southeastern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo, and Congonhas and Lag6a Santa, Minas Geraes); Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 401, 1860 — San Jose, Costa Rica; idem, I.e., 9, p. 91, 1861 — Costa Rica (descr. juv.); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 309, 1865— Bahia Negra, Rio Paraguay, and Bahia, Brazil (crit.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 627— Puerto Cabello, Venezuela; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 18, 1868— Rio de Janeiro and Ypanema, Sao Paulo (spec, examined); Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 442 — Lag6a Santa, Minas Geraes; Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 184 — CaloveVora, Veragua; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 323— Ocana, Colombia; Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 510 — part, Amable Maria, Peru; Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1876, p. 16— Maranura, Peru; Taczanowski, I.e., 1879, p. 224— part, Tambillo, Peru; Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1879, p. 495 — Frontino, Colombia (eggs descr.); idem, I.e., 1879, p. 595 — "Moxos," Cangalli, and Tilotilo, Bolivia; Taczanowski, I.e., 1880, p. 192 — Callacate, Peru; idem, I.e., 1882, p. 8— Huambo, Peru; Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 329— Pernambuco and Parahyba, Brazil; Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 543 — Chimbo, Ecuador; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 229, 1883 — Costa Rica (San Jose, Barranca), Veragua (Calove'- vora), etc.; Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 244, 1884 — part, Amable Maria, Callacate, Huambo, Maranura; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 186, 634, 1885 (monog., part); Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 206— Camacusa and Roraima, British Guiana (spec, examined); Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 117, 1885 — Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul; Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 505, pi. 99, 1889— part (excl. Chilean, Argentine, and some Peruvian localities) ; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 3, p. 346, 1891 — Chapada, Matto Grosso; Salvin, Nov. Zool., 2, p. 4, 1895 — Cajabamba, Peru; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 333 — La Merced, Chanchamayo, Peru; Robinson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18, p. 685, 1896— La Guaira, Venezuela; Phelps, Auk, 14, p. 364, 1897— Cumana, Venezuela; Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 480, 1898— Cayambe and Ibarra, Ecuador; Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, p. 105, 1899 — La Concepcion, Colombia; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 11, 1899 — Gualaquiza, La Concepcion (Chota), Ottavalo, Chillo Valley (Quito), Sig-sig, Cuenca, Quito, and Niebli, 54 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Ecuador; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 118, 1899 — Mundo Novo, Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 140, 1899 — Sao Paulo (Ypiranga, Sao Sebastiao, Iguap6); idem, I.e., 4, p. 152, 1900 — Cantagallo and Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro; Robinson and Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 177, 1901— La Guaira, Venezuela; Good- fellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 316— Ecuador (alt. 600-10,000 ft.); Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 174, 1902 — Tucuman; idem, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, p. 41, 1905 — Tucuman; Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 77, 1910 — Parnagua, Xingu, and Queimadas, Rio Parnahyba, Piauhy (spec, examined); M6n6gaux, Miss. Serv. G6ogr. ArmSe Mes. Arc Merid. Equat., 9, p. B. 66, 1911 — Nono, Tumbaco, and Chambo, Ecuador; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 347, 1921 — Roraima and Camacusa; Williams, Bull. Dept. Agric. Trin. Tob., 20, p. 128, 1922— Caroni and Harmony Hall, Trinidad. Petrochelidon cyanoleuca Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 26, p. 551, 1858 — Riobamba, Ecuador; idem, I.e., 27, p. 138, 1859 — Pallatanga, Ecuador; idem, I.e., 28, pp. 75, 85, 1860 — Quito, Nanegal, and Perucho, Ecuador; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 40, 1862 — Bogota, Riobamba, Bolivia, and Brazil. Pygochelidon cyanoleuca Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 69, 1904 — Costa Rica to Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru (monog., full bibliog.); Bangs, Auk, 24, p. 306, 1907 — Boruca, Paso Real, and Barranca, Costa Rica; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 789, 1910 — Guayabo, Guayabal, San Jose, Escazu, Carrillo, La Hondura, Juan Vinas, and Boruca, Costa Rica; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 352, 1910 — Tucu- man; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 505, 1917 — Caldas, San Antonio, Popayan, Cerro Munchique, Gallera, Ricaurte, Salento, Santa Elena, Barro Blanco, Rio Toch6, El Eden, La Palma, and El Carmen, Bogota, Colombia; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 270, 1918— Gatun, Panama; Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35, p. 458, 1918 — Huancabamba, Perico, and Charapi, Peru (crit.); Hellmayr, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 9, 1920— San Gaban, Peru (crit.); Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 102, 1921 — San Miguel Bridge and Torontoy, Peru; idem, Amer. Mus. Nov., 30, p. 1, 1922 (monog.); Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 435, 1922 — San Miguel, Paramo de Mamarongo, and Rio Hacha, Colombia; Hellmayr, Arch. Naturg., 90, A, Heft 2, p. 164, 1924— Silla de Caracas and Galipan, Cerro del Avila, Venezuela (crit.); Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 191, p. 10, 1925 — San Antonio, Sucr6, Venezuela; idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 556, 1926 — Ecuador and northwestern Peru (crit.); Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 181, 1926 — Fazenda Ferreira and Candido de Abreu, Parana; Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 343, 1926— Lazcano, Uruguay (crit.); Holt, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 57, p. 311, 1928 — Serra do Itatiaya, Brazil; Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 398, 1930— Huanuco and Huachipa, Peru; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 318, 1930— Matto Grosso (Chapada); Chapman, I.e., 63, p. 105, 1931 — Roraima (Paulo) and Mount Duida (Savanna Hills), Venezuela. Pygochelidon cyanoleuta cyanoleuca Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 61, 1914 — Alto Parana, Paraguay. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 55 Diplochelidon cyanoleucus Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 341, 1907 — Sao Paulo (Ypiranga, Cachoeira, Sao Sebastiao), Rio de Janeiro (Ilha Grande), and Minas Geraes (Vargem Alegre). Atticora cyanoleuca var. montana Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 310, 1865 — Costa Rica (Barranca, San Jose") and Bogot£ (type, from Barranca, Costa Rica, in U. S. National Museum) ; Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 96, 1868 — San Jose and Barranca, Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 294, 1869 — Costa Rica; Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 67 — San Jose and Cartago, Costa Rica. Atticora cyanoleuca montana Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 107, 1887 — Navarro de Cartago, Zarcero de Alajuela, and Alajuela, Costa Rica; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 80, 1889— "near Valparaiso, Chile," errore, = Bolivia; Cherrie, Auk, 9, p. 22, 1892— San Jos6, Costa Rica (nesting habits, descr. juv.); Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 60, 1902— Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama. Range. — Eastern Brazil, from Piauhy and Parahyba south to Rio Grande do Sul; Matto Grosso (recorded from Bahia Negra and Chapada); Uruguay; Paraguay; extreme northwestern Argentina (Tucuman); and thence extending north through Bolivia, Peru (excepting the Pacific slope of the Cordillera de la Costa), Ecuador, and Colombia to Costa Rica and east through the Caribbean moun- tain ranges of Colombia (Santa Marta region) and Venezuela to Trinidad and British Guiana.1 55: Brazil (Therezopolis, Rio de Janeiro, 1; Rio das Velhas, near Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes, 1); Argentina (Aconquija, Tucuman, 2; Conception, Tucuman, 5); Bolivia (Parotani, Cochabamba, 1); Peru (Huanuco, 3; Huachipa, Huanuco, 1; Hacienda Llagueda, northeast of Otuzco, 1; Hacienda Limon, ten miles west of Balsas, 1; 1 Further subdivision of the small form with fuscous under wing coverts and wholly black lower tail coverts appears to be impracticable. There is no constant difference between specimens from such widely separated localities as Costa Rica and Argentina (Tucuman), nor am I able to distinguish a good series of skins from eastern Brazil. The gloss of the upper parts is exceedingly variable, changing from violaceous and deep indigo blue to greenish blue, but this variation is wholly independent of geographic areas. I cannot help thinking that P. flavipes was based on a juvenile individual of the present form with unusually glossy upper surface. We have two specimens (and I have seen others) that correspond pretty well to the description except for having the throat dingy whitish, the yellowish feet and the soft yellow gape being unmistakable signs of immaturity. They were collected, along with a series of adults, in the Tropical zone at Moyobamba. Additional material examined. — Trinidad: Chaguanas, 2. — Venezuela: Campos Alegre, Sucre, 1; Los Palmales, Sucre, 4; Silla de Caracas, 2; Galipan, Cerro del Avila, 12; Merida, 5. — British Guiana: Roraima, 2 (July). — Costa Rica: 6. — Ecuador: Ibarra, 11; Cayambe, 3; Paramba, 2; near Quito, 2; Gualea, 1; Santo Domingo, 2. — Peru: Nuevo Loreto, 2; Santo Domingo, Marcapata, 3; La Aroya, Inambari Val, 1; San Gaban, Carabaya, 1. — Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul, 2; Ro?a Nova, Serra do Mar, Parana, 1; Ypanema, Sao Paulo, 5; Rio de Janeiro, 5; Petro- polis, Rio de Janeiro, 1; Victoria, Espirito Santo, 1; Parnagua, Piauhy, 2; Xingu, near Parnagua, Piauhy, 2; Queimadas, Rio Parnahyba, Piauhy, 1. — Uruguay: Maldonado, 1. — Bolivia: Yungas, 1; Cochabamba, 1. 56 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Moyobamba, 14); Ecuador (Puente de Chimbo, 1); Colombia (San Antonio, Cauca, 1; Caldas, 1; "Bogota," 2); Venezuela (Tabay, M4rida, 1; Caracas, 2; Macuto, Caracas, 11); Costa Rica (Boruca, 1; San Jose*, 1; Cartago, 1; Peralta, 3). *Pygochelidon cyanoleuca patagonica (Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny).1 PATAGONIAN SWALLOW. Hirundo patagonica Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 69, 1837 — Patagonia=Rio Negro (type in Paris Museum examined). Atticora hemipyga Burmeister, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 479, 1861 — Mendoza (types in Halle Museum examined). Hirundo cyanoleuca (not of Vieillot) Gould, in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 41, 1839 — Bahia Blanca (breeding) and Valparaiso, Chile; Des Murs, in Gay, Hist. Fis. Pol. Chile, Zool., 1, p. 267, 1847— Chile; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 321— Chile; Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 31, p. 248, 1868— Chile; Landbeck, Zool. Garten, 18, p. 235, 1877— Chile. Attiroca cyanoleuca Burmeister, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 253, 1860 — Parana and Mendoza (crit.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 178 — Nauta, Peru (spec, in Tring Museum examined); Sclater, I.e., 1867, pp. 321, 337— Chile; (?) Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1867, p. 749— Chyavetas, Peru; idem, I.e., 1869, p. 159 — Conchitas, Buenos Aires; idem, I.e., 1873, 1 Pygochelidon cyanoleuca patagonica (Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny) : Similar to P. c. cyanoleuca, but larger; wings, greater wing coverts, and tail paler, less blackish; axillars and under wing coverts mouse gray rather than fuscous; shorter under tail coverts white, even the longer ones basally whitish. The supposed characters of the juvenile plumage appear to require corroboration, for I find much individual variation among immature birds of the members of the genus. Although Dr. Chapman has taken great pains in establishing its specific distinctness, I cannot believe that the Patagonian Swallow is anything but the southern representative of P. cyanoleuca. While admitting that the status of P. c. cyanoleuca and P. c. patagonica in Uruguay and northwestern Argentina, whence both have been recorded, has yet to be determined, the breeding range of the latter is evidently more southerly, comprising as it does the greater part of Argentina and the whole of Chile, where P. c. cyanoleuca has never been met with during the nesting period. Certain individuals, moreover, are decidedly inter- mediate, and the characters of P. c. peruviana tend to support the view of their close relationship. Swallows being great wanderers, it is not at all surprising that P. c. patagonica, on its winter migration, should invade the breeding territory of the allied form, since similar conditions are known to exist in other species of this family, e.g., Phaeoprogne tapera fusca. Its occurrence in the Tropical zone at this time of the year does not seem of much importance in birds gifted with such unusual powers of flight. Additional material examined. — Chile: Huasco, Tarapaca, 1; Calama, Anto- fagasta, 1 (March 1); unspecified, 5. — Argentina: Rio Negro, Patagonia, 1 (the type); Paso Limay, Neuquen, 3 (Nov. 11); Mendoza, 2; Puente del Inca, Mendoza, 1; Buenos Aires, Bahia Blanca, 2; Barracas al Sud, 1 (Sept. 21); Est. San Martino Monte, 3 (Dec.-Jan.); Estancia Espartillar, 1 (Nov. 10); Los Yngleses, Ajo, 2 (Feb. 20); Santa Elena, Entre Rios, 1 (Sept. 15); Chilecito, La Rioja, 1 (March 27); Est. La Germania, Santa F6, 2 (Aug. 6). — Uruguay: Santa Elena, 1 (Nov. 18, 1892. O. V. Aplin).— Peru: Cosnipata, 5 (Sept. 20-Oct. 17); Yurimaguas, 1 (Apr. 16); Nauta, 2 (Apr. 22, 25). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 57 p. 258 — Nauta, Yurimaguas, and (?) Chyavetas, Peru; Durnford, Ibis, 1876, p. 158 — Flores, Buenos Aires (breeding); idem, Ibis, 1877, pp. 32, 170 — Chubut Valley, Patagonia, and Buenos Aires (breeding); Reed, Anal. Univ. Chile, 49, p. 543, 1877 — Hacienda de Cauquenes, Colchagua, Chile; Durnford, Ibis, 1878, p. 392— Chubut Valley; White, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 596 — Salto, Buenos Aires, and Catamarca; Salvin, I.e., 1883, p. 420— Coquimbo, Chile; Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 90, 1883 — Conception, Entre Rios (visitor) and Buenos Aires (Azul and Bahia Blanca); Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 244, 1884— part, Yurimaguas and (?) Chyavetas, Peru; Holmberg, Act. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, 5, p. 81, 1884— Tandil, Prov. Buenos Aires; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 186, 634, 1885 — part, Chile, Buenos Aires, Cosquin (Cordoba), and Peru (Cosnipata, Nauta); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1886, p. 397 — Huasco, Tarapaca, Chile (spec, examined); Sclater and Hudson, Argent. Orn., 1, p. 33, 1888 — Buenos Aires (habits); Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 505, 1889 — part, Cosnipata (Peru), Chile, and Argentina (Cosquin, Cordoba, etc.); Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 131, 1889— Port Elizabeth and Gregory Bay, Straits of Magellan; Stempelmann and Schulz, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, 10, p. 400, 1890— Cordoba; Holland, Ibis, 1890, p. 425— Estancia Espartillar, Buenos Aires (spec, examined); Aplin, Ibis, 1894, p. 166 — Uruguay (breeding; spec, examined); Koslowsky, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6, pp. 278, 289, 1895— Chilecito, La Rioja, and Catamarca (spec, examined); Reed, Anal. Univ. Chile, 93, p. 199, 1896— Chile; Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 5, 1897— Caiza, Bolivia (crit.); Lane, Ibis, 1897, p. 15— Sacaya, Tarapaca, Chile; Albert, Anal. Univ. Chile, 100, p. 870, 1898— Chile (monog.); Schalow, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., 4, p. 728, 1898— Chile (nest and eggs descr.); Gosse, in Fitzgerald, The Highest Andes, p. 343, 1899 — Puente del Inca, Mendoza (spec, examined); (?) Lonnberg, Ibis, 1903, pp. 450, 456 — Moreno, Jujuy, and San Luis, Tarija, Bolivia; (?) Baer, Ornis, 12, p. 215, 1904— Santa Ana (Oct.-Nov.) and Lara (alt. 4,000 meters, Feb.), Tucuman; Crawshay, Bds. Tierra del Fuego, p. 48, 1907— Tierra del Fuego; Grant, Ibis, 1911, p. 92— Los Yngleses, Ajo, Buenos Aires (spec, examined); Gibson, Ibis, 1918, p. 383 — Cape San Antonio, Buenos Aires; Passler, Journ. Orn., 70, p. 470, 1922 — Coronel, Chile (nest and eggs descr.); Bullock, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 33, p. 183, 1929— Angol, Malleco, Chile. (?) Pygochelidon cyanoleuca Dinelli, El Hornero, 3, p. 254, 1924 — Tucuman (breeding habits). Alticora patagonica Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 311, 1865— Uruguay and Patagonia (crit.); Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 169, 1909— Buenos Aires (Barracas al Sud, Bahia Blanca, San Martino Monte) (crit.). Atticora cyanoleuca hemipyga Stempelmann and Schulz, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, 10, p. 400, 1890— Cordoba. Hirundo melampyga (not of Lichtenstein) Philippi, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, Zool., 15, p. 24, pi. 20, fig. 3, 1902— Chile (crit.). Pygochelidon patagonica Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 69, 1904 — Chile, Patagonia, Uruguay, and Argentina (crit.); Giacomelli, 58 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII El Hornero, 3, p. 68, 1923 — La Rioja; Bullock, I.e., 3, p. 93, 1923— Chile (nest descr.). Pygochelidon cyanoleuca patagonica Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 353, 1910 (range in Argentina); Barros, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 24, p. 147, 1920 — Nilahue, Curico, Chile; idem, I.e., 25, p. 186, 1921— Los Andes and Rio Blanco, Aconcagua, Chile; Tremoleras, El Hornero, 2, p. 22, 1920 — Montevideo, Colonia, Flores, and Rio Negro, Uruguay; Daguerre, I.e., 2, p. 269, 1922 — Rosas, Prov. Buenos Aires; Marelli, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 652, 1924— Prov. Buenos Aires; Wilson, El Hornero, 3, p. 359, 1926 — Dept. General Lopez, Santa F6. Pygochelidon palagonica patagonica Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 30, p. 3, 1922 (monog.); Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 327, 1923— Huanu- luan, Rio Negro; Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 344, 1926— Paraguay (west of Puerto Pinasco), Buenos Aires (Carhue, Guamini), Rio Negro (General Roca), Neuquen (Zapala), and Mendoza (Potrerillos) ; idem, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 24, p. 453, 1926— Rio Negro (Anecon Grande, Arroyo Cumallo) and Chubut (Rio Pico); Stone, Rep. Princet. Univ. Exp. Patagonia, 2, Zool., p. 816, 1928— Patagonia; Barros, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 34, pp. 315, 319, 1930— above Portillo, Santiago, Chile, and Cordillera de Mendoza; Laubmann, Wissens. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 303, 1930 — Estancia La Germania, Santa F6; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 45, 1932— Chile (crit.). Range. — Chile, from Tarapaca to the Straits of Magellan and Tierra del Fuego; Argentina north to the Paraguayan and Bolivian boundaries; Uruguay; in winter spreading northwards to eastern Peru, Venezuela (Cumana; May 23), and even Panama (Juan Mina, Rio Chagres; July 17). 15: Chile (Banos del Toro, Coquimbo, 1; Papudo, Aconcagua, 1; Lake Gualletue", Cautin, 1); Argentina (Laguna Blanca, Catamarca, 2; Las Pavas, Tucuman, 1; Conception, Tucuman, 7); Peru (San Ramon, Chanchamayo, 1; Yurimaguas, 1). *Pygochelidon cyanoleuca peruviana Chapman.1 PERUVIAN SWALLOW. 1 Pygochelidon cyanoleuca peruviana Chapman: Very similar to P. c. patagonica, but slightly smaller; axillars and under wing coverts even paler grayish brown; under tail coverts mostly black, with bluish reflections on the apical margins, only the basal series with little white at the extreme base. Wing, 95-97, (female) 93-94; tail, 52-54, (female) 50-51. While every one of the above characters may also be found in occasional individuals of P. c. patagonica from Chile and Argentina, the series from the Peruvian coast is so uniform that its recognition as a distinct race seems perfectly justified. Birds from Arequipa are slightly larger (wing of males, 100-101; tail, 53-54), but agree in coloration with those from more northern localities. Additional specimens examined. — Peru: Arequipa, 3; lea, 2; Lima, 2; Vitarte, 2; Huaral, 6. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 59 Pygochelidon patagonica peruviana Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 30, p. 7, Feb., 1922 — Huaral, Prov. Lima, Peru (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 398, 1930 — Matucana and Santa Eulalia, Lima (crit.). Atticora cyanoleuca (not Hirundo cyanoleuca Vieillot) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 984 — Arequipa (spec, in British Museum examined); idem, I.e., 1868, p. 568 — Arequipa (spec, examined); Tacza- nowski, I.e., 1874, p. 510 — part, Lima; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 224 — part, Pacasmayo; idem, Orn. P6r., 1, p. 244, 1884 — part, Lima; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 186, 634, 1885 — part, spec, k, m, r', Arequipa (spec, examined); idem and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 505, 1889 — part, coast of Peru (Pacasmayo, Lima, Arequipa). Atticora cyanoleuca montana (not of Baird) Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1892, p. 374— Lima and lea. (?) Pygochelidon patagonica (peruviana Chapman?) Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 557, 1926 — Jambeli Island, southwestern Ecuador (crit.). Range. — Coast district of Peru, from Libertad (Pacasmayo, Trujillo) south to Moquegua; (?) southwestern Ecuador (Jambeli Island, off Machala). 2: Peru (Santa Eulalia, 1; Matucana, 1). Genus NOTIOCHELIDON Baird1 Notiochelidon Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 306, May, 1865 — type, by orig. desig., Atticora pileata Gould. *Notiochelidon pileata (Gould). COBAN SWALLOW. Atticora pileata Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 26, p. 355, Nov., 1858 — Guate- mala (type in collection of J. Gould, now in the British Museum) ; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 13 — Guatemala; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 307, 1865 — Coban, Vera Paz (crit.); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- Amer., Aves, 1, p. 230, pi. 15, fig. 2, 1883 — Coban, Quich6, Totonicapam, Quezaltenango, Barranco de Los Chocoyos, Calderas, ridge above Barsinas, Villa Lobos, and Aceytuno, Guatemala; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 188, 635, 1885— Coban, Guatemala; Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 513, pi. 100, 1887— Guatemala (monog.). Notiochelidon pileata Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 66, 1904— Guatemala (monog.); Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 123, 1907— Tecpam; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 284, 1932 — Zanjon, Momostenango, Chichicastenango, Nebaj, Volcan San Lucas, Antigua, Panajachel, and La Montanita, Guatemala. Range. — Highlands of Guatemala. 1: Guatemala (Tecpam, 1). 1 This genus comes very close to Atticora, differing principally by the lesser development of the tibial feathers, and is hardly worthy of recognition. 60 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Genus ATTICORA Boie Atticora Boie, Isis, 1844, p. 172 — type, by subs, desig. (Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., p. 13, 1855), Hirundo fasciata Gmelin. Diplochelidon Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16, p. 106, 1903— type, by orig. desig., Hirundo melanoleuca Wied. *Atticora fasciata (Gmelin). WHITE-BANDED SWALLOW. Hirundo fasciata Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 1022, 1789— based on "Hiron- delle a ceinture blanche" Buffon and Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 724, fig. 2, Cayenne; Swainson, Zool. 111., (2), 1, pi. 17, 1829 — Cayenne; Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 1, pp. 178, 294, 1847 — Barima and Essequibo rivers, British Guiana. Atticora fasciata Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, "1848," p. 672, 1849 — Barima and Barama rivers; Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 146, 1856 — northern Brazil, near Para, and Guiana; Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 39, 1862— Cayenne; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 306, 1865 — Cayenne; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 178— upper Ucayali, Peru; idem, I.e., 1867, p. 569— Rio Negro, Brazil; idem, I.e., 1867, p. 749 — Yurimaguas, Peru; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 18, 1868 — Rio Guapore", above Tres Barras, and Rio Negro (Lama- longa); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 258 — upper Ucayali, Yurimaguas, and lakes of Santa Cruz, Peru (crit.); idem, I.e., 1879, p. 595 — Yuyo, Cangalli, and Yungas, Bolivia; Taczanowski, I.e., 1882, p. 8 — Yurimaguas, Peru; idem, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 244, 1884— Peruvian localities; Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 205 — Merume" Mountains and Atapuraw River, British Guiana; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 183, 634, 1885 — Ecuador (Sarayacu, Copataza River), Cayenne, British Guiana (Merume" Mountains, River Atapuraw), Rio Negro, Peru (upper Ucayali, Yurimaguas, Chanchamayo), and Bolivia (Cangalli, Yuyo); Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 495, pi. 95, 1889 (monog.); Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 333 — La Merced, Chancha- mayo, Peru; Goeldi, Ibis, 1897, pp. 154, 159 — Counany, Brazil; idem, Ibis, 1903, p. 499— Rio Capim; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 15, 1902 — Mato River and Nicare, Caura, Venezuela; Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 9, 1908 — Bom Lugar, Rio Purus; Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 110, 1908— Cayenne; Hellmayr, I.e., 17, p. 269, 1910— Maroins, Rio Machados (crit.); idem, Abhandl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Phys. Kl., 26, No. 2, p. 87, 1912— Rio Capim; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 470, 1914 — Rio Capim, Counany, and Rio Purus (Bom Lugar); Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 162, 1916— Caura Valley and Mato River, Venezuela; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 504, 1917 — La Morelia, Colombia; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 345, 1921— Kurubung River, Roraima, Caramang River, Merume Mountains, Hoorie River, Aremu River, and Abary savannas; Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 101, 1921 — Rio Cosireni, Urubamba, Peru; idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, pp. 555, 736, 1926 — Curaray junction of Rio Napo, Ecuador; Naumburg, I.e., 60, p. 318, 1930 — Rio Roosevelt, Matto Grosso. L935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 61 Range. — French and British Guiana; southern Venezuela (Caura Galley) ; the Amazonian basin from the Rio Capim and the Counany vestwards, south to northern Matto Grosso (Rio Roosevelt) ; south- eastern Colombia (La Morelia, Caqueta); eastern Ecuador; eastern 3eru; and northeastern Bolivia (Yuyo and Cangalli, Dept. La Paz).1 5: British Guiana, 1; Brazil (Serra da Lua, Rio Branco, 2); Peru Ramon, 1; Yurimaguas, 1). 'Atticora melanoleuca (Wied).2 BLACK-COLLARED SWALLOW. Hirundo melanoleuca Wied, Reise Bras., 1, p. 345 (8vo ed., p. 342), 1820 — Rio Belmonte, Bahia, Brazil (type in collection of Prince Wied, now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York; cf. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 216, 1889); Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 35, pi. 209, fig. 2, 1823— Brazil (fig. of type in Wied Collection); Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 371, 1830— Rio Grande de Belmonte; Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, p. 672, "1848" — British Guiana. Atticora melanoleuca Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 146, 1856 — Rio Belmonte (ex Wied); Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 18, 1868 — Borda do Matto do "Paranaiva" [=Paranahyba] (Goyaz), Forte do Principe (Rio Guapor6), Bananeira (Rio MamorS), Salto Theotonio (Rio Madeira), Rio Negro, and Marabitanas, Brazil (spec, examined); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 185, 1885 — Forte do Principe; Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 503, pi. 98, 1888 (monog.); Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 15, 1902 — Orinoco River (Caicara and Altagracia) and Caura Valley (La Pricion, La Union), Venezuela (spec, examined); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 269, 1910— Salto Theotonio, Rio Madeira; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 470, 1914 — Rio Tocantins (Arumatheua), Rio Jamauchim (Cahy, Recreio), and Rio Xingu, Brazil; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 346, 1921 — Ireng River, Ituribisci, Arawai, Kamakabra, and Makauria River. Diplochelidon melanoleucus(a) Ihering and Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 341, 1907 (range); Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 161, 1916 — Caicara, Orinoco (habits, nest, and eggs); Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 318, 1930— Rio Branco, Matto Grosso. 1 This swallow is possibly divisible into two races, birds from south of the Amazon being somewhat smaller with less deeply forked tail, the upper parts ess purplish blue, and the white pectoral band slightly wider. The available ieries is, however, not large enough to make sure of this distinction. Additional material examined. — French Guiana: Cayenne, 2. — British Guiana: VIerume Mountains, 1. — Venezuela: Caura Valley, 4. — Brazil: Maroins, Rio Machados, 2; Rio Guapore', 1. — Peru: Chaquimayo, Carabaya, 1. 2 Generic separation of this swallow seems to me unwarranted. The only livergency of importance lies in the shape of the lateral rectrices, which are more ilongated as well as more attenuated, producing a more deeply forked tail. I am inable to appreciate the alleged difference in the degree of adhesion of the toes. 62 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Range. — British Guiana; southern Venezuela (Orinoco-Caura basin); and the greater part of Brazil, east to the Rio Tocantins, south to Bahia (Rio Grande de Belmonte), Goyaz (Borda do Matto, Rio Paranahyba), and Matto Grosso (Rio Branco).1 2: British Guiana (Mazaruni River, 2). Genus OROCHELIDON Ridgway2 Orochelidon Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16, p. 106, 1903— type, by orig. desig., Petrochelidon murina Cassin. "Orochelidon murina (Cassin). BROWN-BELLIED SWALLOW. Petrochelidon murina Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 6, p. 370, 1853 — Republic of Ecuador (type in the Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- delphia; cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 51, p. 36, 1899); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 74, 1860 — Quito, Ecuador (nest and egg). Atticora cyanophaea Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 9, p. 92, 1861 — Santa F6 de Bogota, Colombia (type in Berlin Museum examined). Atticora cinerea (not Hirundo cinerea Gmelin3) Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 39, 1862— Quito; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 599 — Tinta, Peru (spec, examined); Taczanowski, I.e., 1874, p. 510 — between Cucas and Palcamayo, Junm, Peru; idem, I.e., 1882, p. 8 — Tamiapampa, Peru; Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 3, p. 353, 1876 — Moho, Lake Titicaca, Dept. Puno, Peru; Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 243, 1884— Peru; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 184, 634, 1885 — part, descr. "adult" and spec, a-h, 1, m, n, p, Bogota, Quito, Sical (Ecuador), and Tinta (Peru); Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, p. 499, pi. 96, right fig., 1892— part, descr. "adult" and hab., Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru (Tinta); Salvin, Nov. Zool., 2, p. 4, 1895 — Cajabamba and near Cajamarca, Peru; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 11, 1899 — Pun, Laguna de Kingora (Sig-sig), Canar, and Lloa, Ecuador; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 316 — Nanegal (spec, examined); Berlioz, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 34, p. 72, 1928— Cerro Mojanda, Ecuador. 1 A single adult from southern Brazil (Borda do Matto, Goyaz), except in having a slightly wider pectoral band and more glossy upper parts, agrees well with more northern examples. Material examined. — Brazil: Borda dp Matto, Rip Paranahyba, Goyaz, 1; Bananeira, Rio Mamor6, 1 ; Salto Theotonip, Rio Madeira, 1 ; Rio Negro, between Thomar and Santa Izabel Nova, 1; Marabitanas, 1. — Venezuela: Altagracia, Rio Orinoco, 1; Caicara, Rio Orinoco, 5; La Pricion, Caura Valley, 8; La Union, Caura Valley, 4. 2 This genus is closely allied to Atticora, but seems to be separable by differ- ently shaped tail, free sub-basal phalanx of middle toe, and other peculiarities. J Hirundo cinerea Gmelin (Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 1026, 1789), based on "L'Hirpn- delle du Perou" Brisson (Orn., 2, p. 498, 1760) and "La Petite Hirondelle noire, a ventre cendre" of Buffon, both being founded on "Hirundo minima Peruviana, cauda bicorni" Feuillee (Journ. Observ. Phys., ed. 1725, p. 33), is too vaguely described to be referred to the above species. Cf. Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 312, 1865, and Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 287. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 63 Aiticora murina Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 287 — Ticsan, Ecuador; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, I.e., 1896, p. 333 — Acobamba, Peru; Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 480, 1898 — Cayambe, Ecuador; Men£gaux, Miss. Serv. G6og. Arm6e Mes. Arc MSrid. Equat., 9, p. B. 65, 1911 — Tumbaco, Ecuador. Orochelidon murina Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 504, 1917 — western Andes (Paramillo) and eastern Andes (El Pinon, La Herrera, Puente Andalucia, Suba), Colombia; Hellmayr, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 10, 1920 — Ollachea, near Macusani, Dept. Puno, Peru (crit.); Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 101, 1921— Ollantaytambo, Matchu Picchu, and La Raya, Urubamba, Peru; idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 555, 1926 — above Chambo, Hacienda Garzon, El Coraz6n, Valle de Cumbaya, Chimborazo, Pichincha, and Quito, Ecuador (crit.); Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 398, 1930— moun- tains near Huanuco, Peru (crit.). Orochelidon murina cyanophaea Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 436, 1922 — San Lorenzo, Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia (crit.). Range. — Temperate zone of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, south to Puno.1 3: Colombia (Puente Andalucia, 1); Peru (near Leimabamba, 1; Hudnuco Mountains, Hudnuco, 1). Genus RIPARIA Forster Riparia Forster, Syn. Cat. Brit. Bds., p. 17, 1817 — type, by monotypy, Riparia europaea Forster = Hirundo riparia Linnaeus. Cliricola Forster, Syn. Cat. Brit. Bds., p. 55, 1817 — type, by monotypy, Clivicola europaea Forster = Hirundo riparia Linnaeus. Cotile Boie, Isis, 1822, (1), p. 550 — type, by monotypy, [C.] riparia= Hirundo riparia Linnaeus. Cotyle Boie, Isis, 1826, (2), p. 971— type, by subs, desig. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., p. 9, 1840), Hirundo riparia Linnaeus. *Riparia riparia riparia (Linnaeus). BANK SWALLOW. Hirundo riparia Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 192, 1758 — "in Europae collibus arenosis abruptis"; restricted type locality, Sweden. 1 In agreement with Chapman I am unable to appreciate any racial variation in this species. The more bluish or greenish gloss alluded to in my paper on Watkins's Peruvian collections appears to be a purely accidental feature, as it is not borne out by additional material since examined. The type of A. cyanophaea Cabanis, an adult bird from Bogota, does not differ in any way from various Peruvian and Ecuadorian examples, nor can series from Colombia on one side and from Ecuador and Peru on the other be distinguished by the coloration of the under parts or any other character. What Sharpe described and figured as "Atticora murina, juv.," is not the present bird, but Petrochelidon a. andecola. Additional material examined. — Colombia: Bogota, 5; El Pinon, 4. — Ecuador: Cayambe, 2; Tumbaco, 1; Mojanda, 3; Corazon, 1; "Nanegal," 1. — Peru: Tinta, Dept. Cuzco, 3 (male, May 22, 1868; female and unsexed adult, April 1, 1869); Ollachea, twenty miles north of Macusani, Dept. Puno, 6. 64 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Riparia europaea Forster, Syn. Cat. Brit. Bds., p. 17, 1817 — new name for Hirundo riparia Linnaeus. Hirundo cinerea (not of Gmelin, 1789) Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 14, p. 526, 1817— based mainly on Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 543, fig. 2; Europe, chiefly France. Cotyle fluriatilis Brehm, Handb. Naturg. Vog. Deutschl., p. 142, 1831 — river banks of middle Germany, especially those of the Saale. Chelidon microrhynchos Brehm, Handb. Naturg. Vog. Deutschl., p. 143, 1831 — probably "north of Germany." Clivicola riparia cinerea Stejneger, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 29, p. 268, 1885 — North America (crit.). Clivicola riparia maximiliani Stejneger, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 29, p. 378 (footnote), 1885 — new name for Clivicola riparia cinerea Stejneger. Riparia riparia fuscocollaris Tschusi, Orn. Jahrb., 23, p. 216, Dec., 1912 — Castelnuovo, Dalmatia (type in coll. of Tschusi ii, now in Munich Museum, examined). Cotile riparia Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 18, 1868 — Caigara, Matto Grosso, and Marabitanas, Rio Negro, Brazil (spec, examined); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 240, 1883 (monog.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 96, 1885 (monog.). Cotyle riparia Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 319, 1864 — North America (crit.); Salvin, Ibis, 1866, p. 192 — Duenas, Guatemala; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 258— Nauta, Peru. Clivicola riparia Cory, Bds. W. Ind., p. 73, 1889 — Cuba, Jamaica; Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 76, 1910— Joazeiro, Bahia (spec, examined). Riparia riparia Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 73, 1904 (monog., full bibliog.); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 788, 1910 — Los Cuadros de Irazu, San Jose, Los Cuadros de San Pedro, and Juan Vinas, Costa Rica; Worthington, I.e., 7, p. 459, 1911 — Abaco, Bahama Islands (sight record) ; Todd, I.e., 10, p. 259, 1916 — Isle of Pines (occurrence doubtful); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 501, 1917— Cali, Colombia; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 323, 1921— Bartica Grove; Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 167, 1925 — Joazeiro, Bahia; Dabbene, El Hornero, 3, p. 391, 1926 — Concepcion, Tucuman (March 2); Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 72, p. 358, 1932— Obaldia, Panama (Oct. 2-17). Riparia riparia riparia Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. Ill, 1923 — Cardenas, Cuba; Struthers, Auk, 40, p. 475, 1923 — Anegado Lagoon, Porto Rico; Danforth, Journ. Dept. Agric. Porto Rico, 10, p. 112, 1926 — Cartagena and Anegado Lagoons, Porto Rico; Wetmore, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Is., 9, p. 472, 1927 — Porto Rico; idem and Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 318, 1931— Haiti (ex Ritter); Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 314, 1930 — Tapirapoan, Matto^Grosso, Brazil. Range. — Breeds in North America from northern Alaska and northern Quebec south to southern California, Arizona, Texas, 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 65 central Alabama, and Virginia; migrates through Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies (scattered records from Jamaica, Cuba, Porto Rico, and Haiti) to Colombia (Cali, Feb. 6), Peru (Nauta), British Guiana (Bartica Grove), Brazil (Marabitanas, Rio Negro; Caicara and Tapirapoan, Matto Grosso; Joazeiro, Rio Sao Francisco, Bahia), and Argentina (Concepcion, Tucuman; March 2); breeds also in Europe and Siberia, wintering in Africa and India.1 22: New York (Cayuga, 1; Piermont, 1; Shelter Island, 6); New Jersey (Englewood, 1); Illinois (Chicago, 2; Lake Forest, 1; Liberty- ville, 1 ; Mound City, 1 ; Olive Branch, 1) ; Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 5) ; Arizona (Calabasas, 1); Venezuela (Encontrados, Zulia, 1). Genus HIRUNDO Linnaeus Hirundo Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 191, 1758 — type, by subs, desig. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., p. 8, 1840), Hirundo rustica Linnaeus. Chelidon Forster, Syn. Cat. Brit. Bds., p. 17, 1817 — type, by monotypy, Chelidon procne Forster= Hirundo rustica Linnaeus. Hirundo rustica rustica Linnaeus. EUROPEAN SWALLOW. Hirundo rustica Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 191, 1758 — "in Europa," restr. type locality, Sweden; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 79, 1904 (monog., bibliog.). Hirundo rustica L., typica Winge, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren. for 1895, p. 64, 1896 — Sydpr0ven, Greenland (June 12, 1882); idem, Medd. Gr0nland, 21, p. 273, 1898 — Sydpr^ven, south of Julianehaab (June 12, 1882). Range. — Palaearctic region, wintering in India, China, the Malay Peninsula, and Africa; accidental in Greenland (two records, one from Sydpr0ven, near Julianehaab, June 12, 1882, and another from an unspecified locality). *Hirundo rustica erythrogaster Boddaert. BARN SWALLOW. 1 North American birds generally have shorter wings and less deeply forked tails, as has been pointed out by Baird and Stejneger, but the divergency does not seem to be constant enough to justify the recognition of a separate race, for which the name R. r. maximiliani Stejneger would be available. A. M. Bailey (Auk, 46, p. 551, 1929) records R. r. ijimae Lonnberg (Journ. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, 23, art. 14, p. 38, 1908— Saghalin; type in Stockholm Museum) from Point Barrow, Alaska, on the basis of a single juvenile example taken on Sept. 15, 1928. The distinguishing characters of this supposed form, however, are so slight, judging from a series from Petropawlowsk, Kamchatka, and other localities in eastern Siberia, that certain identification of a single individual must be open to serious doubt. Additional American material examined. — Pennsylvania: Williamsport, 2. — Illinois: Chicago, 1. — Brazil: Joazeiro, Bahia, 2; Caigara, Matto Grosso, 1. 66 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Hirundo erythrogaster Boddaert, Tabl. PL Enl., p. 45, Dec., 1783 — based on "Hirondelle a ventre roux de Cayenne" Daubenton, PL Enl., pi. 724, fig. 1, Cayenne; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 232, 1883; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 469, 1914— Para, Santo Antonio do Prata, Maraj6 (Sao Natal), Mexiana, Rio Jamundd (Faro); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 283, 1932— Guatemala. Hirundo rufa Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 1018, 1789— based on Daubenton, PL EnL, pi. 724, fig. 1, and "Rufous-bellied Swallow" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., 2, (2), p. 566; Cayenne and New York. Hirundo horreorum Barton, Fragm. Nat. Hist. Penn., p. 17, 1799 — Pennsylvania. Hirundo americana (not of Gmelin, 1789) Wilson, Amer. Orn., 5, p. 34, pi. 38, figs. 1, 2, 1812 — Pennsylvania (type in Peale's Museum). Hirundo cyanopyrra [sic] Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 14, p. 510, 1817 — based on "Hirondelle bleue et rousse" Sonnini, Oeuvr. Buffon, 55, p. 212, French Guiana, and "Golondrina vientre roxizo" Azara, No. 302, Paraguay, between 27° and 29° lat. (December and September). Hirundo fumaria Lichtenstein, Preis-Verz. Saug., Vogel, etc., Mexico, p. 2, 1830 — new name for Hirundo americana Wilson. Hirundo erythrogastra unalaschkensis (not Hirundo unalaschkensis Gmelin1) W. Palmer, Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Is. North Pacif. Ocean, 3, p. 422, 1899— Pribilof Islands and Unalaska (crit.); Allen, Auk, 18, p. 176, 1901 (crit.). Hirundo erythrogastra palmeri Grinnell, Condor, 4, p. 71, 1902 — Amaknak Island, Unalaska Harbor, Alaska (type in collection of J. Grinnell, now in Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley). Hirundo erythrogastra Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 18, 1868 — Minas, Matto Grosso (Engenho do Gama), and Rio Negro (Marabitanas) ; Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 420— Callao, Peru; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 137, 1885 (monog., excluding records from Lake Baikal, Burma, and Cochin China); Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1892, p. 374 — Lima and lea, Peru (crit.); Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 1, p. 253, pi. 42, 1893 (monog.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 80, 1904 (monog., full bibliog.); Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 340, 1907 (winter range); Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 351, 1910 (winter range in Argentina). Hirundo rustica erythrogastra Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 76, 1910— Joazeiro, Bahia. Hirundo rustica erythrogaster Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 315, 1930— Matto Grosso; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 47, 1932— Chile (winter visitor). 1 Hirundo unalaschkensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 1025, 1789 — based on "Aoonalashka Swallow" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., 2, (2), p. 571; Aoonalaschka (type in the Leverian Museum). This species is utterly unidentifiable. The type did not come to the Vienna Museum. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 67 Hirundo rustica var. horreorum Winge, Medd. Gr^nland, 21, p. 273, 1898 — Greenland (Frederikshaab, Nanortalik, Godhavn, Umanak and Jakobshavn). Range. — Breeds from Alaska, northern Mackenzie (Great Bear Lake), southern Manitoba, and Quebec south to southern Cali- fornia, Texas, northern Arkansas, Tennessee, northern Alabama, and North Carolina, and in Mexico south to Jalisco and Nayarit; migrates through the Bahamas and the West Indies and winters from Mexico to Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina,1 and Chile; accidental in Greenland, the Galapagos, and Bermuda.2 55: Maine (Upton, 1); Connecticut (East Hartford, 2); New York (Peterboro, 2; Ellicottville, 1; Shelter Island, 2); New Jersey (Englewood, 1); North Carolina (Raleigh, 1); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 10); Indiana (Bluffton, 1); Illinois (Chicago, 2); Texas (Gal- veston, 1; Fort Davis, 1); New Mexico (Silver City, 1; Mimbres, 3); California (Santa Monica Canyon, 1); Mexico (Babicora, Chi- huahua, 1; Yucatan, 1); Bahama Islands (Cay Sal, 4; Mariguana, 1); West Indies (Cayman Brae, 2; Grand Cayman, 4); Costa Rica (Limon, 1; San Jose", 1); Venezuela (Encontrados, Zulia, 4); Brazil (below Teffe", 1; Serra da Lua, Rio Branco, 2); Peru (Pacasmayo, 1); Chile (Ramadilla, Atacama, 2). Genus DELICHON Moore3 Delichon Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 22, "1854," p. 104, pub. April, 1855 — type, by monotypy, Delichon nipalensis Moore. Chelidonaria Reichenow, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 187, 1889 — type, by orig. desig., Hirundo urbica Linnaeus. Delichon urbica urbica (Linnaeus). EUROPEAN MARTIN. Hirundo urbica Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 192, 1758 — "in Europa," restr. type locality, Sweden. 1 The American Barn Swallow extends its winter migration to the southern extremity of South America, as is shown by an adult male in the British Museum secured by P. W. Reynolds on Dec. 11, 1929, at Viamonte, Tierra del Fuego. 2 Records of H. rustica tytleri Jerdon from America (Duenas, Guatemala; "Pard") are due to Sharpe's misidentification of certain unusually dark-bellied individuals of the American Barn Swallow. A specimen taken by Natterer at Rio de Janeiro and one of those collected by Reiser at Joazeiro, Bahia, could easily be referred to that form, were it not for the fact that similar examples occur also in the United States. There is no reason to assume that the so-called "tytleri" are anything but migrants from North America. H. r. erythrogaster and H. r. tytleri, moreover, are very close to each other, single birds being often quite indistinguishable. 8 1 do not see sufficient grounds for generic separation of the European Martin from D. nipalensis, type of the genus Delichon. 68 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Chelidon urbica Helms, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., (6), 6, p. Ill, 1904— Sermilikfjord, East Greenland (June 13, 1902). Range. — Europe and western Asia, winters in Africa and north- western India; accidental in Greenland (one record from Sermilik- fjord, on the east coast; June 13, 1902). Genus IRIDOPROCNE Coues Iridoprocne Coues, Bds. Colorado Valley, 1, p. 412 (in text), 1878 — type, by orig. desig., Hirundo bicolor Vieillot. *Iridoprocne bicolor (Vieillot). TREE SWALLOW. Hirundo bicolor Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Ame>. Sept., 1, "1807," p. 61, pi. 31, 1808 — "au centre des Etats-Unis" ; New York accepted as type locality (type in collection of P. L. Vieillot). Hirundo viridis Wilson, Amer. Orn., 5, p. 44, pi. 38, fig. 3, 1812 — Penn- sylvania (type in Peale's Museum, doubtless lost). Hirundo leucogaster Stephens, in Shaw, Gen. Zool., 10, (1), p. 106, 1817 — new name for Hirundo viridis Wilson. Hirundo prasina Lichtenstein, Preis-Verz. Saug., Vogel, etc., Mexico, p. 2, 1830 — new name for Hirundo viridis Wilson; Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 11, p. 58, 1863 (reprint). Hirundo bicolor var. vesperlina Cooper, Amer. Natur., 10, p. 91, Feb., 1876 — "Haywood" [=Haywards], Alameda County, California (no type extant; cf. Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 287, 1932). Tachycineta bicolor Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 117, 631, 1885 (monog.); Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 1, p. 155, pi. 24, 1889 (monog.). Iridoprocne bicolor Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 87, 1904 (monog., full bibliog.); Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. CL, 6, p. Ill, 1923— Cuba; Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, p. 456, 1929 — Toloa, Honduras. Range. — North America, from northwestern Alaska, Mackenzie, northern Manitoba, and northern Quebec to southern California, Colorado, Kansas, northeastern Arkansas, and Virginia; winters from central California, southern Texas, coast region of the Gulf and South Atlantic states, and North Carolina (frequently to New Jersey) south over Mexico and Guatemala to Honduras and Cuba. 44: Connecticut (East Hartford, 5); Massachusetts (Dedham, 1; near Boston, 1); New York (Jamaica Bay, 1; Cayuga, 2); Indiana (Davis Station, 2); Illinois (Fox Lake, 1; Lewistown, 1); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 7) ; Florida (Wilson, 5; Key West, 3; Nassau County, 3; Gainesville, 1; Banana River, 1; Tamiami Trail, 1); Texas (Corpus Christi, 2); California (Chaparral, 1; Monterey, 4); Canada (Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, 1); Guatemala (Panajachel, Lake Atitlan, 1). BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 69 *Iridoprocne albilinea1 albilinea (Lawrence). MANGROVE SWALLOW. Petrochelidon albilinea Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, p. 2, May, 1863 — Panama (type in collection of Geo. N. Lawrence, now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 347 — Isthmus of Panama; Salvin, Ibis, 1866, p. 192 — Guatemala to Panama. Petrochelidon littorea Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1863, p. 189 — "low rivers and seacoasts of both oceans, from Belize to Colon on the Atlantic, and from Soconosco to Panama on the Pacific" (type from Belize, British Honduras, in Salvin-Godman Collection, now in British Museum; cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 631, 1885). Petrochelidon leucoptera (not Hirundo leucoptera Gmelin) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 317, 1862— Panama. Hirundo albilinea Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 300, 1865 — Mazatlan, San Jose (Guatemala), and Panama (crit.). Tachycineta albilinea Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 2, p. 271, 1874 — Mazatlan (habits); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 235, pi. 15, fig. 1, 1883 — Mexico (Mazatlan), British Honduras (Belize River and Cayo), Guatemala (Peten, Yaxha, Rio Dulce, Huamuchal, Chiapam, San Jose), Salvador (La Union), Honduras (Amapala), Nicara- agua (Corinto), Costa Rica, and Panama (Panama, Matachin); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 115, 631, 1885 — part, a-c, e-k, Vera Cruz (Mexico), Belize River (British Honduras), Chiapam (Guatemala), Puntarenas (Costa Rica), Panama; idem and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 1, p. 149, pi. 22, 1887 (monog., excl. Chepen, Peru); Salvin, Ibis, 1888, p. 257 — Meco and Holbox Islands, off Yucatan; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1890, p. 210 — Progreso, Yucatan; Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 486, 1893— Rio Frio, Costa Rica; Cherrie, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 4, p. 137, 1893 — Rio Grande de Te>raba between Lagarto and Palmar, Costa Rica; Bangs, Auk, 18, p. 368, 1901— David, Chiriqui; idem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 39, p. 152, 1903 — Ceiba and Yaruca, Honduras. Iridoprocne albilinea Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 90, 1904 — coast districts of Mexico (Vera Cruz and Sinaloa) to Panama (monog., excl. northern Peru); Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 21, p. 134, 1905 — Escuinapa, Sinaloa; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 787, 1910 — Limon, La Junta, and El Pozo de Terraba, Costa Rica; Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 12, No. 8, p. 35, 1919— San Carlos, Rio Ometepe, Muyogalpa, and Isla de Vela, Nicaragua; Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 235, p. 15, 1926 — eastern Quintana Roo; McLellan, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 16, p. 37, 1927— San Bias, Nayarit; Austin, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, p. 385, 1929— Belize River and El Cayo, British Honduras; Peters, I.e., 71, p. 329, 1931 — Changuinola, Panama; van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 268, 1931— Tobari Bay, Agiabampo, 1 Iridoprocne albilinea (Lawrence) is probably conspecific with /. albiventer, but I am unwilling to reduce it to subspecific rank until we have become better acquainted with its southern representative, /. a. stolzmanni. 70 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Lobos Island, and Guasimas Lagoon, Sonora; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 282, 1932 — Ocos and San Jos6, Guatemala. Iridoprocne albilineata Bangs, Auk, 24, p. 305, 1907 — Barranca de Puntare- nas, Costa Rica; Peters, Auk, 30, p. 377, 1913 — Camp Mengel, Quintana Roo; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 270, 1918— Gatun, Panama. Range. — Coast districts of Mexico, from Sonora on the Pacific, and from southern Tamaulipas (Tampico) on the Atlantic side, south through Central America (both coasts) to the Isthmus of Panama. 14: Mexico (Tampico, Tamaulipas, 2; Rio Lagartos, Yucatan, 2; Holbox Island, 3); Nicaragua (San Emilio, Lake Nicara- gua, 1); Costa Rica (Punta Piedras, Guanacaste, 4); Panama (Balboa, 2). Iridoprocne albilinea stolzmanni (Philippi).1 STOLZMANN'S SWALLOW. Hirundo leucopygia (not H. leucopyga Meyen, 1834) Taczanowski (ex Stolz- mann MS.), Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880, p. 192— Chepen, Dept. Libertad, Peru (type lost, formerly in Warsaw Museum; cf. Sztolcman and Doman- iewski, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 6, p. 152, 1927); idem, Orn. Per., 1, p. 240, 1884— Chepen; idem, I.e., 3, p. 503, 1886 (excl. synon.). Hirundo stolzmanni Philippi, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, Zool., 15, p. 23 (in text), 1902 — new name for Hirundo leucopygia Taczanowski, preoccupied. 1 Iridoprocne albilinea stolzmanni (Philippi) : Similar to /. a. albilinea in the restriction of the white wing-markings to comparatively narrow edges on the tertials and adjoining inner secondaries, but easily distinguished by very much smaller, apically more constricted, bill; absence of the white supraloral streak; duller and less bluish, andover green rather than lily green gloss on pileum and mantle, the latter with the basal portion of the feathers grayish instead of white; duller and more brownish, chaetura drab rather than chaetura black outer wing coverts, remiges, and rectrices; grayish brown instead of glossy metallic bluish green upper tail coverts; decidedly grayish under parts, particularly on the breast, with the dusky shaft-streaks more numerous as well as more conspicuous; and smoke gray, instead of nearly white axillaries and under wing coverts. The uropygial band also is more shaded with grayish and more strongly streaked with dusky. Wing (one unsexed adult), 92; tail, 48; furca, 61A', bill, 51A. Although I have but one specimen, an adult bird just completing its annual molt, there is no question that stolzmanni constitutes an excellent local form of /. albilinea, its habitat being separated from the range of its ally by thousands of miles. The exceedingly small bill which, in bulk, is less than half as large as that of the Mangrove Swallow, serves to distinguish it at a glance. It is hard to conceive how Sharpe could mistake it for the "immature" plumage of /. albilinea. Curiously enough, no representative of this group has ever been found in either Colombia or Ecuador. /. a. stolzmanni has never been met with again since its discovery by the naturalist after whom it is named, who secured four specimens in September, 1878, at Chepen, on the coast of Peru, one of which I have been permitted to examine through the good offices of Dr. Mertens, of the Senckenberg Museum, at Frankfort. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 71 Tachycineta albilinea (not Petrochelidon albilinea Lawrence) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 115, 1885 — part, spec, d, Chepen, Peru; idem and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 1, p. 149, 1887 — part, Chepen, Peru. Iridoprocne albilinea Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 554, 1926 — "Ecuador" (ex Brabourne and Chubb) and Chepen (ex Taczanowski). Range. — Coast region of western Peru (Chepen, Dept. Libertad). *Iridoprocne albiventer (Boddaert).1 WHITE-WINGED SWALLOW. Hirundo albiventer Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., p, 32, 1783— based on "Hiron- delle a ventre blanc de Cayenne" Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 546, fig. 2, Cayenne; LSotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 91, 1866— Trinidad. Hirundo leucoptera Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 1022, 1789 — part, based on Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 546, fig. 2, Cayenne (excl. var. /3); Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 362, 1830 — rivers Parahyba, Mucuri, Belmonte, and Ilhe'os, Brazil; Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 69, 1837 — Moxos, Bolivia (spec, in Paris Museum examined); Tschudi, Arch. Naturg., 10, (1), p. 269, 1844— Peru; idem, Unters. Faun. Peru., Ornith., p. 132, 1846 — forests of eastern Peru; Cabanis, in Schom- burgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, p. 672, "1848" [=1849]— British Guiana. Cotyle leucoptera Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 143, 1856 — Brazil; (?) idem, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 253, 1860— Mercedes, Rio Negro, Uruguay; (?) idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 478, 1861— same locality. Hirundo aequatorialis2 Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, p. 400, 1867 — "Quito"=Rio Napo, Ecuador (type in coll. of G. N. Lawrence, now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, pp. 977, 979— Pebas (crit.). Petrochelidon albiventris Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 178 — lower Ucayali, Peru (eggs descr.); Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 17, 1868 — Sao Paulo (Pirahy, Ypanema); idem, Ibis, 1873, p. 108 — Cayenne; Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 440 — Parahyba River, Brazil. Hirundo albiventris Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 302, 1865 — Bahia (crit.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 569— Para; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 323 — Magdalena River and Lake Paturia, Colombia; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 378— Para; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 258 — lower and upper Ucayali, Santa Cruz, and Pebas, Peru (crit.); idem, I.e., 1879, p. 595 — Moxos, Bolivia (ex d'Orbigny); Taczanowski, I.e., 1882, p. 8 — Yurimaguas, Peru; idem, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 239, 1884 — Peruvian localities (descr.). Tachycineta albiventris(er) Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 215 — Bartica Grove and Camacusa, British Guiana; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 113, 630, 1885 — Oyapock, British Guiana (Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Dem- erara), Para, Pernambuco, Pebas, and Copataza River (Ecuador); Allen, 1 "L'Hirondelle tachete'e de Cayenne" of Daubenton (PI. Enl., pi. 546, fig. 1), the basis of Hirundo maculata Boddaert (Tabl. PI. Enl., p. 32, 1783) and Hirundo maculosa Kuhl (Buff, et Daub., Fig. Av. Nom. Syst., p. 10, 1820), appears to be unidentifiable. 2 Misprinted "aequitorialis." 72 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 79, 1889— Reyes, Bolivia; Riker and Chap- man, Auk, 7, p. 266, 1890 — Santarem; Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 1, p. 139, pi. 20, 1890 (monog.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 6, p. 28, 1894 — Cipero River, Trinidad; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 333— La Merced, Peru; Goeldi, Ibis, 1897, pp. 150, 153, 154, 159, 162 — Counany and Amapa, northern Brazil; Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 138, 1899 — Iporanga, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 152, 1900— Cantagallo; Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 378, p. 3, 1900 — Carandasinho, Matto Grosso; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 14, 1902 — Altagracia and Caicara (Orinoco), Mato River, and Suapure, Caura, Venezuela; Goeldi, Ibis, 1903, p. 499 — Rio Capim, Brazil; Me"negaux, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 10, p. 116, 1904 — Sinnamarie, French Guiana; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 12, 1906— Seelet, Trinidad; idem, I.e., 14, p. 6, 1907— Itaituba and Urucurituba, Rio Tapajoz; idem, I.e., 15, p. 25, 1908 — Rio Araguaya, Goyaz; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 339, 1907— Sao Paulo (Rio Ribeira, Rio Mogy-Guassu) ; Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 56, pp. 9, 521, 1908 — Rio Purus (Cachoeira, Monte Verde) and Rio Tocantins (Alco- bac.a); Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, pp. 110, 316, 1908— Cayenne, Oyapock, and Sinnamarie, French Guiana; Lowe, Ibis, 1909, p. 323 — Cariaco, Venezuela; Beebe, Zoologica (N.Y.), 1, p. 99, 1909 — Guanoco, Venezuela; Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 76, 1910— Bahia (Joazeiro) and Piauhy (Parnagua, Amaracjio); Hellmayr, Abhandl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Phys. KL, 26, No. 2, pp. 6, 87, 1912— Ipitinga, Rio Acara, and Para localities; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 469, 1914 — Rio Guama, Rio Capim, Rio Moju, Rio Tocantins (Alcobaca), Rio Maecuru, Rio Jamauchim, Rio Purus (Cachoeira, Monte Verde), Marajo (Rio Arary, Sao Natal, Pindobal, Livramento), Rio Macujubim, Amapa, and Rio Jamunda (Faro); Hellmayr, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 9, 1920— Yahuarmayo, Peru; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 325, 1921 — British Guiana (numerous localities); Marelli, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 651, 1924— (?) Buenos Aires. Iridoprocne albiventris(er) Bertoni, Seg. Contrib. Orn. Parag., in Rev. Inst. Parag., 1907, p. 2 — Alto Parana, Paraguay; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 351, 1910 — (?) Ocampo, Chaco, and (?) Barracas al Sud, Buenos Aires; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 206, 1913 — Guinipa River and Pedernales, Venezuela; Dabbene, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 350, 1914— Misiones (Santa Ana), (?) Chaco Austral (Ocampo), and (?) Buenos Aires (Barracas al Sud); Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 61, 1914 — Rio Parana, Iguassu, etc.; Cherrie, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 162, 1916 — Orinoco River (nesting habits, eggs); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 501, 1917— La Playa, Magdalena River, and La Morelia, Caqueta, Colombia; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 435, 1922 — Fundacion, Colombia; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 554, 1926 — "Quito" = Rio Napo, Ecuador; Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 181, 1926 — Therezina and Salto de Uba, Parana; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 171, 1928— Ourem, Para; Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 410, 1931— Sevillano, Cienaga Grande, and Fundacion, Colombia. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 73 Iridoprocne albiventer albiventer Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 266, 1929— Tury-assu, Maranhao. Hirundo leucorrhoa (not of Vieillot) Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 329 — Recife and Parahyba, Brazil. Range. — Eastern South America, from Trinidad (rare), the Guianas, Venezuela, and Colombia (west of the Andes only in the Magdalena Valley), through eastern Ecuador and Peru and the greater part of Brazil south to Bolivia, Paraguay, northeastern Argentina (Misiones),1 and the states of Matto Grosso and Parana.2 15: Venezuela (Encontrados, Zulia, 1); Colombia (La Playa, near Barranquilla, 1); Peru (Lagunas, lower Huallaga, 5; Yurimaguas, 1); Brazil (Boa Vista, Rio Branco, 1; Serra da Lua, near Boa Vista, Rio Branco, 2; Tury-assu, Maranhao, 1; Fazenda Cayoa, Salto Grande do Rio Paranapanema, Sao Paulo, 1; Descalvados, Matto Grosso, 1); Argentina (Puerto Segundo, Misiones, 1). Iridoprocne leucorrhoa (Vieillot). WHITE-RUMPED SWALLOW. Hirundo leucorrhoa Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., 14, p. 519, 1817 — based on "Golondrina rabadilla blanca" Azara, No. 304, 3 Paraguay 1 It is extremely doubtful if this swallow really occurs in any other part of Argentina. Dabbene cites the Argentine Chaco (Ocampo, Mocovi) and Barracas il Sud, Buenos Aires, on the authority of the late S. Venturi, but it should be noted that the species is not represented in this naturalist's collections acquired by the Fring Museum. It is somewhat significant that no other person ever met with it in the vicinity of the Argentine capital, though it is admitted to the fauna of Buenos Aires by Marelli, whose entry is, however, rather vague. I am likewise inclined to question Burmeister's record from Uruguay (Mercedes, Rio Negro), where /. albiventer has not been found again. It appears to be absent also from the extreme south of Brazil, viz., the states of Santa Catharina and Rio Grande io Sul. 2 1 am unable to recognize an upper Amazonian form (aequatorialis Lawrence). Birds from Pebas and other Peruvian localities, which may be assumed to represent that race, have just as much white on the wings as a series from eastern Brazil ind Guiana, and do not differ in any other respect, so far as I can see. The amount rf white on the tertials becoming greatly reduced with the progress of wear, partic- ular care should be taken in using only specimens in comparable plumage. A single example from the Magdalena River (La Playa) has by no means less white than certain Peruvian birds in similarly abraded condition, though it is, of course, luite possible that adequate material may show that the inhabitants of that region verge in the direction of /. albilinea. Additional material examined. — Trinidad: Seelet, 1. — British Guiana: Cama- cusa, 5. — French Guiana: Cayenne, 1. — Brazil: Ceara, 1; Piauhy, Amaracjio, 1; Parnagua, 1; Joazeiro, Bahia, 2; Bahia, 1; Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, 2; Sao Paulo, Ypanema, 6; Pirahy, 1. — Peru: Pebas, 1. 8 Though Azara's description is not absolutely accurate in every particular, since the color terms used for the upper parts would seem to be better applicable to /. leucopyga, the presence of the white supraloral streak attributed to his "Golondrina rabadilla blanca" enables us to identify the bird with tolerable certainty. 74 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII and La Plata River; Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 144, 1856 (crit.); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 301, 1865 — Buenos Aires (crit.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1868, p. 139 — Conchitas, Buenos Aires (spec, examined); idem, I.e., 1869, p. 597 — Cosnipata, Peru (spec, examined); idem, I.e., 1873, p. 185 — Cosnipata; Durnford, Ibis, 1876, p. 158 — Flores and Belgrano, Buenos Aires (breeding); idem, Ibis, 1877, p. 169 — province of Buenos Aires; White, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 596— Santo Tom6, Corrientes; Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 241, 1884 — Cosnipata, Peru; Holmberg, Act. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, 5, p. 81, 1884 — Tandil and La Tinta, Buenos Aires; Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 116, 1885— Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul. Hirundo frontalis (not of Quoy and Gaimard, 1830) Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 5, p. 22, Nov., 1837 — Montevideo, Uruguay (type lost, formerly in collection of Zoological Society of London); idem, in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 40, 1839— Montevideo. Hirundo gouldii Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 5, No. 4, p. 69, 1850 — new name for Hirundo frontalis Gould, preoccupied. Cotyle leucorrhoea [sic] Burmeister, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 253, 1860 — Parana, Santa Fe; idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 478, 1861— near Parana; Stern- berg, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 270, 1869 — Buenos Aires (nesting habits) ; Doering, Period. Zool. Argent., 1, p. 254, 1874 — Rio Guayquiraro, Corrientes; Stempelmann and Schulz, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, 10, p. 400, 1890— Cordoba. Petrochelidon leucorrhoa Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 17, 1868 — Sao Paulo (Taubat£, Ypanema) and Matto Grosso (Villa Bella), Brazil (spec, examined); Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 441 — Minas Geraes (Lag6a Santa) and Sao Paulo (Franca). Hirundo (Tachycineta) leucorrhoa Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 89, 1883 — Concepcion del Uruguay (breeding) and Buenos Aires. Tachycineta leucorrhoa(us) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 114, 631, 1885 — Uruguay, Argentina (La Plata, Conchitas), Brazil (Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul), and Peru (Cosnipata); idem and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 1, p. 143, pi. 21, 1887 (monog., excl. Chuput Valley); Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 1, p. 30, 1888— Argentina (excl. Chuput Valley); Frenzel, Journ. Orn., 39, p. 118, 1891— Cordoba; Kerr, Ibis, 1892, p. 124— Fortin Page, lower Pilcomayo (spec, examined); Holland, Ibis, 1892, p. 195 — Estancia Espartillar, Buenos Aires; Aplin, Ibis, 1894, p. 166 — Santa Elena, Rio Monzon, Uruguay (spec, examined); Koslowsky, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6, p. 289, 1895 — Catamarca; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 117, 1899 — Mundo Novo, Pedras Brancas, and Sao Lour- enco, Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 138, 1899— Sao Paulo (Ypiranga, Iguape); Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 174, 1902— Tucuman; idem, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, p. 40, 1905— Tucuman; Bruch, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 11, p. 256, 1904— Rosario, Salta (spec, examined); Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 339, 1907 — Sao Paulo (Ypiranga, Iguape, Cachoeira, Jundiahy) and Minas Geraes (Marianna) ; Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 168, 1909 — Buenos Aires 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 75 (Barracas al Sud, Estancia San Martino Monte) and Entre Rios (La Soledad) ; Chubb, Ibis, 1910, p. 607 — Sapucay, Paraguay (spec, examined); Grant, Ibis, 1911, p. 91 — Los Yngleses, Aj6, Buenos Aires (breeding; spec, examined); Gibson, Ibis, 1918, p. 381 — Cape San Antonio, Buenos Aires (habits); Marelli, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 650, 1924 — Prov. Buenos Aires; Tremoleras, El Hornero, 2, p. 22, 1920 — Monte- video, Colonia, San Jose, and Flores, Uruguay; Daguerre, I.e., 2, p. 269, 1922 — Rosas, Prov. Buenos Aires (breeding); Serie" and Smyth, I.e., 3, p. 51, 1923 — Santa Elena, Entre Rios (breeding); Pereyra, I.e., 3, p. 171, 1923— Zelaya, Prov. Buenos Aires; Wilson, I.e., 3, p. 359, 1926— Dept. General Lopez, Santa F6. Iridoprocne leucorrhoa Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 350, 1910 (range in Argentina, excl. Patagonia); Hussey, Auk, 33, p. 394, 1916 — La Plata (breeding); Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 61, 1914— Para- guay; Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 341, 1926— Paraguay (west of Puerto Pinasco) and Uruguay (San Vicente and Banado de la India Muerta, near Lazcano); Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 315, 1930 — Villa Bella de Matto Grosso; Laubmann, Wissens. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 304, 1930— San Jose, Formosa. Hirundo leucopyga Meyen, Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-CaroL, 16, Suppl., p. 73, 1834 — part, spec, from Montevideo. Hirundo meyeni (not Petrochelidon meyeni Cabanis) Dalgleish, Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edinb., 6, p. 142, 1881 — Tala, Uruguay (breeding; eggs descr.). Range. — Southern Brazil, north to Minas Geraes, Sao Paulo, and Matto Grosso (Villa Bella) ; eastern Bolivia (Buenavista, Dept. Santa Cruz) ; southeastern Peru (Cosnipata, Dept. Cuzco) ; northern Argentina, south to Buenos Aires Province, west to Cordoba, Catamarca, and Tucuman; Paraguay; Uruguay.1 6: Bolivia (Buenavista, Dept. Santa Cruz, 1); Argentina (Con- ception, Tucuman, 5). 1 This is the Tree Swallow breeding in Uruguay, southern Brazil, and northern Argentina (Entre Rios, Santa F6, Buenos Aires). Evidently it also nests in the northwestern section of the latter country, for our series from Concepcion, Tucu- man, besides adult birds (Sept., Oct.), contains a female in the brown-backed juvenile plumage taken by J. Mogensen on January 22, 1918. A single adult female, secured by H. Whitely on October 1, 1868, at Cosnipata, Peru, probably a migrant from the south, is in every respect similar to Paraguayan examples. Its range in the south does not seem to extend beyond Buenos Aires Province. The Chubut record of this swallow by Durnford, perpetuated in literature by various authors, pertains to /. leucopyga, as shown by one of his specimens in the British Museum. Additional material examined. — Brazil: Villa Bella de Matto Grosso, Matto Grosso, 3; TaubatS, Sao Paulo, 1; Ypanema, Sao Paulo, 2; Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 1. — Uruguay: Santa Elena, Monzon, Soriano, 1 (O. V. Aplin); unspecified, 1 (Alan Peel). — Paraguay: Sapucay, 1; Mision Inglesa, Chaco, 1; lower Pilcomayo, 1; Villa Rica, 1.— Argentina: Santa Elena, Entre Rios, 2 (Oct. 4, 1895; Dec. 18, 1893. A. H. Holland); Conchitas, Buenos Aires, 2 (Sept., 1866. W. Hudson); Los Yngleses, Ajo, Buenos Aires, 3 (Sept.-Dec. C. B. Grant); Rosario, Salta, 1 (Sept. 14, 1896. F. Gerling); San Jose1, Formosa, 2 (Oct. 19).— Peru: Cosnipata, 1 (Oct. 1, 1868. H. Whitely). 76 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII *Iridoprocne leucopyga (Meyen).1 CHILEAN SWALLOW. Hirundo leucopyga Meyen, Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Carol., 16, Suppl., p. 73, pi. 10, fig. 2, 1834 — Santiago, Chile (type in Berlin Museum); Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 144, 1856— Chile (crit.); Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 31, p. 249, 1868— Chile; Landbeck, Zool. Garten, 18, p. 235, 1877— Chile; Gigoux, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 28, p. 87, 1924— Caldera, Atacama. Petrochelidon meyeni Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 48, 1851 — new name for Hirundo leucopyga (Meyen).2 Hirundo leucorrhoa (not of Vieillot) Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 69, 1837 — Valparaiso (spec, in Paris Museum examined); Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 32; idem, Ibis, 1878, p. 392— Chubut Valley (spec, examined). Iridoprocne leucorrhoa Stone, Rep. Princet. Univ. Exp. Patag., Zool., 2, p. 813, 1928— Chubut (ex Durnford). Tachycineta leucorrhous Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 359, 1902— Chubut Valley (ex Durnford). Hirundo leucopygia Gould, in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 40, 1839 — Port Famine, Tierra del Fuego, and Valparaiso, Chile; Fraser, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1 Iridoprocne leucopyga (Meyen) differs from /. leucorrhoa by decidedly blue gloss of the upper parts, more blackish wings and tail, absence or mere suggestion of the white frontal band and supraloral streak, deeper (velvety) black loral spot, and generally darker grayish brown under wing coverts. The bill is, as a rule, smaller, but I am unable to appreciate any divergency in the amount of adhe- sion of the toes. It is hardly more than subspecifically distinct, being probably the western and southern representative of /. leucorrhoa. Though much remains yet to be learned about its distribution, it is evident from published records that this tree swallow nests in Tierra del Fuego and along the Straits of Magellan. The northern limit of its breeding area has yet to be determined, but it seems to extend at least to the Rio Negro. As shown by an adult bird in the British Mu- seum, it is the present species, and not /. leucorrhoa, as erroneously recorded by Durnford, that lives in the valley of the Chubut. If Holland (Ibis, 1892, p. 196) claims its breeding at the Estancia Espartillar, Prov. Buenos Aires, his observations doubtless refer to the other species, I. leucorrhoa, well known to do so in that region. Of the two specimens collected by him, which we have examined in the British Museum, one, an adult in full molt, was taken in winter (May 15, 1888), while the other, an adult male in newly molted condition, shot on October 6, 1889, may well have been a migratory individual. C. B. Grant expressly states that the Chilean Swallow is merely a winter visitor in the Ajo district of Buenos Aires. His specimen, now in the British Museum, was collected on May 9, hence in winter. Additional material examined. — Chile: Coquimbo, 1; San Alfonso, Quillota, Valparaiso, 1; Penaflor, Santiago, 1; Santiago, 1; Rancagua, O'Higgins, 1; Caillihue, Curico, 1; Concepci6n, 1; Maquegua, Arauco, 1; Corral, Valdivia, 3; Valdivia, 1. — Argentina: Tierra del Fuego, Via Monte, 1; Punta Arenas, Straits of Magellan, 4; Laguna Colguape, Chubut, 1 (Nov., 1877. H. Durnford); Valle del Lago Blanco, Chubut, 3 (Oct. 18, Nov. 26, 28, 1901. J. Koslowsky); Los Yngleses, Ajo, Buenos Aires, 1 (May 9, 1909. C. B. Grant) ; Estancia Espartillar, Buenos Aires, 2 (May 15, 1888, and Oct. 6, 1889. A. H. Holland); Barracas al Sud, 1 (July 20, 1904). 1 The renaming of the species described by Meyen was quite unnecessary, as we have pointed out in another place (Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 48, 1932). L935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 77 Lond., 11, p. 110, 1843— Chile; Housse, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 29, p. 143, 1925— San Bernardo, Chile. Cypselus (!) leucopygius Des Murs, in Gay, Hist. Fis. Pol. Chile, Zool., 1, p. 266, 1847— Chile; Germain, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 7, p. 309, 1860— Santiago (nesting habits). Hirundo meyeni Pelzeln, Reise Novara, Zool., 1, Vogel, p. 41, 1865 — Chile; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, pp. 321, 337— Valparaiso, Chile; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1870, p. 499 — Sandy Point, Straits of Magellan; Reed, Anal. Univ. Chile, 49, p. 543, 1877 — Cauquenes, Colchagua; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 432— Sandy Point (spec, examined). Tachycineta meyeni Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 420 — Coquimbo, Chile; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 116, 631, 1885— Chile (Coquimbo, Colchagua), Patagonia (Sandy Point), and "Bolivia" (errore); idem and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 1, p. 153, pi. 23, 1889 (monog.); Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 131, 1889— Laredo Bay, Straits of Magellan; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 79, 1889— "Falls of the Rio Madeira, Bolivia," errore, probably Valparaiso; Holland, Ibis, 1891, p. 16; idem, Ibis, 1892, p. 196— Estancia Espartillar, Buenos Aires (spec, examined); Reed, Anal. Univ. Chile, 93, p. 199, 1896 — Chile; Lane, Ibis, 1897, p. 15 — Corral, Valdivia, and Maquegua, Arauco, Chile (spec, examined); Albert, Anal. Univ. Chile, 100, p. 866, 1898— Chile (monog.); Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Geneva, 40, p. 616, 1900 — Penguin Rookery, Staten Island; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 360, 1902 — Puerto Hope, Clarence Island, Tierra del Fuego; Nicoll, Ibis, 1904, p. 42 — Punta Arenas (spec, examined); Craw- shay, Bds. Tierra del Fuego, p. 48, 1907— Rio McClelland Settlement; Grant, Ibis, 1911, p. 91 — Los Yngleses, Aj6, Buenos Aires (spec, examined); Paessler, Journ. Orn., 70, p. 470, 1922 — Coronel, Chile (habits, nest, and eggs); Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 326, 1923 — Rio Colorado, Huanuluan, Paso Flores (Rio Limay), and Lake Nahuel Huapi, Pata- gonia; Jaffuel and Pirion, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 31, p. 105, 1927— Marga-Marga, Valparaiso (=juv.); Bullock, I.e., 33, pp. 124, 182, 1929 — Cerro Nahuelbuta and Angol, Malleco. Hirundo (Tachycineta) meyeni Oustalet, Miss. Sci. Cap Horn, Zool., 6, p. B. 49, 1891 — Punta Arenas, Orange Bay, and Santa Cruz, Patagonia. "Hirundo leucopyga Licht. (H. meyeni Cab.)" Philippi, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, 15, p. 23, pi. 20, fig. 2, 1902— Chile (crit.). Iridoprocne meyeni Bertoni, Seg. Con. Orn. Parag., in Rev. Inst. Parag., 1907, p. 2 — Asuncion, Paraguay; idem, Faun. Parag., p. 61, 1914 — Asuncion; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 350, 1910 (range in Argentina); Barros, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 24, p. 147, 1920 — Nilahue, Curico; idem, I.e., 25, p. 186, 1921 — Cordillera of Aconcagua; Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 341, 1926— Guamini, Buenos Aires, and Concon, Chile; idem, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 24, p. 453, 1926 — Rio Fetaleufu and Rio Pico, Chubut (crit.); Friedmann, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, p. 210, 1927 — Concepci6n, Tucuman; Pereyra, El 78 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Hornero, 4, p. 32, 1927 — San Rafael, Mendoza; Stone, Rep. Princet. Univ. Exped. Patag., Zool., 2, p. 815, 1928 — Punta Arenas (breeding). Hirundo leucoptera (not of Gmelin) Housse, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 28, p. 48, 1924— Isla Mocha, Chile. Hirundo cyanoleuca (not of Vieillot) Frauenfeld, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges., 10, Abhandl., p. 637, 1860 — near Santiago, Chile (spec, examined); Lataste, Act. Soc. Scient. Chili, 3, p. CXV, 1894— Ninhue, Maule, Chile; idem, I.e., 5, p. XXXIII, 1895 — Caillihue, Curic6, Chile (spec, examined); Waugh and Lataste, I.e., 4, p. LXXXIV, 1894— Penaflor, Santiago, , Chile (spec, examined); idem, I.e., 4, p. CLXX, 1895 — San Alfonso, Quillota, Chile (spec, examined). Range. — Breeds in Tierra del Fuego, Patagonia, up to the Rio Negro, and Chile north to Atacama; migrates in winter northwards to Buenos Aires (Guamini, Est. Espartillar, Rosas), Mendoza, and Tucuman, and even as far as Paraguay (one record from Asuncion). 8: Chile (Ramadilla, Copiapo Valley, Atacama, 1; Mafil, Valdivia, 1; Rio Inio, Chilo£ Island, 1; Quellon, Chilo£ Island, 2); Argentina (Conception, Tucuman, 3). Genus TACHYCINETA Cabanis Tachycineta Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 48, 1851 — type, by orig. desig., Hirundo thalassina Swainson. Tachycineta thalassina thalassina (Swainson). MEXICAN VIOLET-GREEN SWALLOW. Hirundo thalassinus Swainson, Phil. Mag., (n.s.), 1, No. 5, p. 366, 1827 — tableland and Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico (type probably in Uni- versity Museum, Cambridge, England). Tachycineta thalassinus(a) Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, p. 547, 1869 — Vera Cruz region; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 233, 1883 — part, Mexican localities and references; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 119, 1885 — part, Puebla, Mexico; Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 1, p. 175, 1892 — part, Mexico (Sierra de Bolanos, Jalisco; valley of Mexico, Puebla, Vera Cruz, Oaxaca). Tachycineta thalassina thalassina Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 93, 1904 — Mexican plateau, north to Chihuahua, south to Vera Cruz, Mexico, and Oaxaca (monog., full bibliog.); van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 266, 1931— Tecoripa and Tesia, Sonora, and Pacheco, Chihuahua (crit.). Tachycineta thalassina lepida (not of Mearns) Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 22, p. 176, 1906 — Rio Sestin and Arroyo del Buey, northwestern Durango (crit.). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 79 Range. — Mexican plateau, from Sonora, Chihuahua, and Durango south to the states of Vera Cruz, Puebla, Mexico, and Oaxaca.1 9: Mexico (Babicora, Chihuahua, 8; Tuxpan, Jalisco, 1). "Tachycineta thalassina lepida Mearns. VIOLET-GREEN SWALLOW. Tachycineta lepida Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 15, p. 31, 1902 — Camp- bell's ranch in the Laguna Mountains (Coast Range), twenty miles north of Campo, San Diego County, California (type in U. S. National Museum). Tachycineta thalassina lepida Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 95, 1904 (monog., full bibliog.); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 787, 1910 — Costa Rica (Matina River and Bebede'ro); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 190, 1928— northern Lower California (breeding); van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 267, 1931— El Doctor, Tecoripa, Tesia, and Guirocoba, Sonora (migrant); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 282, 1932— Zanjon, San Mateo, Chanquejelve, and Chichicastenango, Guatemala (winter visitor). Tachycineta thalassinus (not Hirundo thalassina Swainson) Salvin and God- man, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 233, 1883 — part, western North America and Guatemala; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 119, 1885 — part, western North America; idem and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 1, p. 175, pi. 25, 1892 — part, western North America, in winter to Guatemala. Range. — Breeds from central Alaska, Yukon, and central Alberta south to northern Lower California and the Mexican boundary, west to western South Dakota and western Nebraska; winters in Mexico south to Guatemala and Costa Rica, migrating through western Texas; accidental in Illinois. 22: British Columbia (Okanagan Landing, 4); California (Menlo Park, 1; Mount Diablo, l;San Geronimo, 1; Monterey, 2; Nicasio, 3); Arizona (Huachuca Plains, 1; Huachuca Mountains, 2); Colorado (Hot Sulphur Springs, 6; Colorado Springs, 1). Tachycineta thalassina brachyptera Brewster. SAN LUCAS SWALLOW. Tachycineta thalassina brachyptera Brewster, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 41, p. 167, Sept., 1902 — Sierra de Laguna, Lower California (type in collection of W. Brewster, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 290, 1930); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 98, 1904— Cape district of Lower 1 Birds from northwestern Mexico (Sonora, Chihuahua, Durango) are more 1 or less intermediate between thalassina and lepida, and their reference to one rather i than the other is largely a matter of personal opinion. Ridgway and van Rossem ; call them thalassina, while Miller, mainly on account of their smaller size, assigns i specimens from Durango to lepida. A good series of properly sexed breeding birds i from the disputed region is required to determine which one is the better course. 80 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII California (monog., full bibliog.); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 190, 1928 — southern Lower California; van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 267, 1931— Guaymas (breeding) and Tesia, Sonora (crit.). Range. — Southern half of Lower California, north to El Rosario and Sierra Juarez, and opposite coast of Sonora (about Guaymas). Genus GALLICHELIDON Baird Callichelidon (Bryant MS.) Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 303, May, 1865 — type, by orig. desig., Hirundo cyaneoviridis Bryant. *Callichelidon cyaneoviridis (Bryant). BAHAMA SWALLOW. Hirundo cyaneoviridis Bryant, Proc. Boat. Soc. N. H., 7, p. Ill, 1859 — Nassau, New Providence, Bahamas (cotypes from the collection of H. W. Bryant now in U. S. National Museum, the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 67, p. 204, 1925); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 303, 1865 — Nassau (monog.); Cory, Bds. Bahama Is., p. 79, 1890 — Andros and New Providence (Nassau). Callichelidon cyaneoviridis Cory, Auk, 3, p. 59, 1886 — Bahamas (descr.); idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 73, 1889— Bahamas; idem, Auk, 8, pp. 294, 297, 350, 352, 1891 — New Providence, Berry Islands, Great Bahama, Abaco, Anguilla, and Cay Sal, Bahamas; Ridgway, Auk, 8, p. 334, 1891 — Abaco; Brewster, Auk, 14, p. 221, 1897— Tarpon Springs, Florida (Sept. 3, 1890); Bonhote, Ibis, 1899, p. 511— Nassau, New Providence; Bangs, Auk, 17, p. 288, 1900 — New Providence (Nassau) and Current Island, Eleuthera; Bonhote, Ibis, 1903, p. 287 — Nassau, New Providence; Ridg- way, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 99, 1904— Bahamas (monog., full bibliog.); Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, pp. 354, 365, 1905 — Great Bahama, Abaco, Berry Islands, New Providence, Andros, Cay Sal, Current Island, and Anguilla (crit.); Todd and Worthington, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 7, pp. 431, 459, 1911 — New Providence, Great Inagua, Andros, and Abaco (habits); Bangs, Auk, 31, p. 401, 1914 — Nipe Bay, Cuba; Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 112, 1923— Cuba. Calichelidon cyaneoviridis Scott, Auk, 7, pp. 265, 312, 1890 — Garden Key, Dry Tortugas (male adult, Apr. 7, 1890); Northrop, Auk, 8, p. 70, 1891— New Providence and Andros. Tachycineta cyaneoviridis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 121, 1885 — Bahamas; Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 1, pp. 185, 193, pi. 26, Dec., 1889 — Bahamas and Dry Tortugas (monog.). Range. — Bahamas (Great Bahama, Abaco, Berry Islands, New Providence, Andros, Cay Sal, Current Island, Anguilla, Great Inagua) and Cuba (Nipe Bay); accidental in southern Florida (Tarpon Springs, Sept. 3, 1890; Garden Key, Dry Tortugas, Apr. 7, 1890). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 81 18: Bahamas (Nassau, New Providence Island, 11; Abaco Island, 3; Cay Sal Island, 2; Great Bahama, 1; Berry Islands, 1). Genus LAMPROCHELIDON Ridgway Kalochelidon (not Callichelidon Baird, 1865) Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 11, p. 95, Dec., 1866 — type, by monotypy, Hirundo euchrysea var. dom- inicensis Bryant. Lamprochelidon Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16, p. 106, 1903 — type, by orig. desig., Hirundo euchrysea Gosse. "Lamprochelidon euchrysea euchrysea (Gosse). GOSSE'S SWALLOW. Hirundo euchrysea Gosse, Bds. Jamaica, p. 68, 1847 — "higher mountains formed by the limestone range of the very centre of the island, as in Manchester and St. Ann's" (type in collection of P. H. Gosse, now in British Museum); idem, Illust. Bds. Jamaica, pi. 12, 1849; March, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, p. 295 — Content, Jamaica; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 304, 1865 — Trelawny and Spanishtown, Jamaica (crit.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 170, 632, 1885— Jamaica; Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, pp. 407, 426, pi. 76, 1890— Jamaica (monog.). Petrochelidon euchrysea Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, p. 72 — Free- man's Hall, Trelawny, Jamaica. Tachycineta euchrysea Cory, Auk, 3, p. 58, 1886 — Jamaica (descr.); idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 72, 1889— Jamaica (monog.); Scott, Auk, 10, p. 181, 1893 — higher altitudes of Jamaica. Lamprochelidon euchrysea Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 101, 1904 — Jamaica (monog.). Range. — Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles. 3: Jamaica (St. Georges, Portland, 2; unspecified, 1). *Lamprochelidon euchrysea sclateri (Cory).1 SCLATER'S SWALLOW. Hirundo sclateri Cory, Auk, 1, p. 2, 1884 — Santo Domingo (type, from La Vega, in collection of C. B. Cory, now in Field Museum); idem, Bds. Haiti and San Dom., p. 45, col. pi., 1884 — La Vega, Santo Domingo; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 171, 1885 — Santo Domingo (ex Cory); Sharpe and Wyatt, Monog. Hirund., 2, pp. 409, 426, pi. 76, 1890— Santo Domingo (monog.); Christy, Ibis, 1897, p. 322 — La Vega; Verrill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 61, p. 364, 1909— Camu River. Tachycineta sclateri Cory, Auk, 3, p. 58, 1886 — Santo Domingo (descr.); idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 72, 1889— Santo Domingo (descr.). 1 This is a strongly marked race, recognizable by larger size, bluish green instead of mainly golden green dorsal plumage and edges to the wings, as well as more deeply forked tail. 82 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Lamprochelidon sclateri Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 102, 1904 — Haiti (monog.); Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 507, 1928— La Selle and La Hotte, Haiti; Moltoni, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., 68, p. 320, 1929 — Puente Yuna, near Bonao, Haiti; Wetmore and Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 315, 1931— Hispaniola (monog., habits). Hirundo euchrysea var. dominicensis (not Hirundo dominicensis Gmelin, 1789) Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 11, p. 95, Dec., 1866— Port au Prince, Haiti (type in U. S. National Museum). Range. — Island of Haiti, Greater Antilles. 23: Santo Domingo (La Vega, 23). Family MOTACILLIDAE. Wagtails and Pipits Genus MOTAGILLA Linnaeus Motacilla Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 184, 1758 — type, by tautonymy, "Motacilla"= Motacilla alba Linnaeus. Budytes Cuvier, Regne Anim., 1, p. 371, "1817" [=Dec. 7, 1816]— type, by subs, desig. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., p. 24, 1840), Motacilla flava Linnaeus. Motacilla alba alba Linnaeus. WHITE WAGTAIL. Motacilla alba Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 185, 1758 — Europa= Sweden; Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1853, p. 70 — Greenland; idem, Ibis, 1861, p. 6 — southern Greenland; Turner, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, p. 236, 1885— Hunting Bay, near Fort Chimo, Ungava; Helms and Peterson, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1898, p. 174 — Angmagsalik, Greenland; Winge, Medd. Gr0nland, 21, p. 278, 1898— Godthaab and Angmagsalik, Greenland; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 4, 1904 (monog., bibliog.). Range. — Breeds in Europe generally, winters in tropical Africa, Madeira, and the Canary Islands; accidental in northern Ungava (Fort Chimo, Aug. 29, 1883) and Greenland (Godthaab and Angmagsalik).1 Motacilla alba ocularis Swinhoe. SWINHOE'S WAGTAIL. Motacilla ocularis Swinhoe, Ibis, 2, p. 55, 1860 — Amoy, China (type in collec- tion of R. Swinhoe, now in the British Museum); Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, p. 414, 1882 — La Paz, Lower California; idem, I.e., 6, p. 145, 1883— part, La Paz; Belding, I.e., 5, p. 535, 1883— La Paz; (?) Turner, Auk, 2, p. 157, 1885— Attu Island, Aleutians (May 14, 1881); (?) Turner, Contrib. Nat. Hist. Alaska, p. 178, pi. 11, 1886— Attu Island, Aleutians; (?) Bishop, N. Amer. Fauna, 10, p. 91, 1900— Aphoon mouth of the Yukon, Alaska; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 6, 1904 (monog., bibliog.); (?) Bent, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 66, No. 2, p. 32, 1916— 1 Walker's record (Ibis, 1860, p. 166) from Godhavn (Aug., 1857), according to Winge (Medd. Gr0nland, 21, p. 279), turned out to refer to the Wheatear (Oenanthe o. leucorhoa). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 83 between Kotzebue Sound and Cape Lisburne, Alaska; Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 206, 1928— La Paz, Lower California. Range. — Breeds in northeastern Siberia, migrating in winter south to southern China and India; accidental in Lower California (La Paz, Jan. 9, 1882). [Sight records from Attu Island, Aleutians (May 14, 1881) j1 Chamisso Island (Aug. 1) ; and mouth of the Yukon, Alaska (Aug. 28)1]. Motacilla alba lugens Kittlitz. BLACK-BACKED WAGTAIL. Motacilla lugens (Pallas MS.) Kittlitz, Kupfert. Naturg. Vog., Heft 2, p. 16, pi. 21, fig. 1, 1833 — Kamchatka (type in Frankfort Museum; cf. Hartert, Kat. Vogels. Mus. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges., p. 44, 1891); Thayer and Bangs, Auk, 38, p. 460, 1921— "Attic" [=Attu] Island, Aleutians (May 4, 1913). Range. — Kamchatka, Kurile and Commander Islands, Askold, and northern Japan; winters in China and Japan; casual on Attu Island, Aleutian chain (May 4, 1913). Motacilla flava alascensis (Ridgway). ALASKA YELLOW WAGTAIL. Budytes flavus alascensis Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16, p. 105, 1903 — St. Michael, Alaska (type in U. S. National Museum); idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 8, 1904— Alaska (monog., full bibliog.); Bent, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 66, No. 2, p. 33, 1916— Yukon Delta to Nome, and Cape Espenberg, Alaska; Sushkin, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 38, p. 32, 1925 — western Alaska and extreme northeastern Siberia (crit.). Budytes flavus simillimus (not of Hartert) Brooks, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 59, p. 403, 1915 — Providence Bay, Chukchi Peninsula (crit.). Range. — Arctic zone of extreme northeastern Siberia (Emma Harbor, Plover Bay, and Providence, Chukchi Peninsula) and western Alaska, from Point Barrow and Kotzebue Sound to Nushagak River; winters probably in the tropical parts of eastern Asia (Philip- pine Islands?).2 Genus ANTHUS Bechstein Anihus Bechstein, Gemein. Naturg. Deutschl., 2nd ed., 2, p. 302 (footnote), 1805 — type, by subs, desig. (Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 534, 1885), Alauda trivialis Linnaeus.3 Neocorys Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 25, p. 5, 1857 — type, by orig. desig., Anihus spragueii Audubon. 1 Possibly M . alba lugens Kittlitz. Both records based on field observations only. * Material examined. — Alaska: St. Michael, 2; mouth of Yukon, 1. 3 Cf. Laubmann, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 15, p. 222, 1922. 84 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Notiocorys Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, pp. 151, 156, 1864 — type, by monotypy, Anthus rufus auct.=Anthus lutescens parvus Lawrence. Pediocorys Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, pp. 151, 157, 1864 — type, by orig. desig. (p. 153, in text), Anthus bogotensis Sclater. Xanthocorys Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 619, 1885 — type, by mono- typy, Anthus natiereri Sclater. Anthus spinoletta japonicus Temminck and Schlegel. JAPANESE PIPIT. Anthus pratensis japonicus Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold, Faun. Japon., Aves, p. 59, pi. 24, 1847 — Japan (type in Leiden Museum). Anthus spinoletta japonicus Swarth, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 17, p. 250, 1928 — Nunivak Island, Alaska. Range. — Kamchatka, eastern Siberia, and the Kurile Islands; winters in Japan and China; casual on Nunivak Island, Alaska (Sept. 10, 1927).1 *Anthus spinoletta rubescens (Tunstall). AMERICAN PIPIT. Alauda rubescens Tunstall, Orn. Brit., p. 2, 1771 — based on "The Lark from Pensilvania" Edwards, Glean. Nat. Hist., 2, p. 185, pi. 297; Pennsylvania. Alauda pensilvanica Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., Suppl., 1, p. 287, 1787 — based on "Red Lark" Latham (Gen. Syn. Bds., 2, (2), p. 376), which in its turn is based on "The Lark of Pensilvania" Edwards, Glean. Nat. Hist., 2, p. 185, pi. 297; Pennsylvania. Alauda ludoviciana Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 793, 1789 — based on "La Farlouzanne" Buff on; Louisiana. Alauda rubra Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 794, 1789 — based on "Red Lark" Latham (Gen. Syn. Bds., 2, (2), p. 376) and Pennant (Arct. Zool., 2, p. 393); Pennsylvania. Motacilla hudsonica Latham, Ind. Orn., Suppl., 2, p. 503, 1801 — based on "Hudsonian Wagtail" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., Suppl., 2, p. 231; "ad Sinum Hudsonis." Alauda rufa (not of Gmelin, 1789) Wilson, Amer. Orn., 5, p. 89, pi. 42, fig. 4, 1812 — Pennsylvania (type in Peale's Museum, probably lost). Anthus rubens Merrem, in Ersch and Gruber, Allgem. Encycl. Wiss. und Kuenste, 4, p. 290, 1820 — new name for Alauda rubra Gmelin and Alauda ludoviciana Gmelin; Louisiana and Pennsylvania. Anthus pipiens Audubon, Orn. Biog., 1, p. 408, 1831 — the prairies of our northwestern states; idem, I.e., 5, p. 449, 1839 — Texas, Saskatchewan, and coast of Labrador. 1 This is the only record of the Japanese Pipit from North America. The bird recorded by Hanna (Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 9, p. 176, 1919; Auk, 37, p. 25, 1920) from St. Paul Island, Pribiloff group, under the name of A. s. japonicus was shown by Riley and Wetmore (Condor, 30, p. 193, 1928) to be a specimen of A. 8. rubescens with somewhat unusual coloring. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 85 Anthus reinhardli Holboll, Naturhist. Tidskr. (Kr0yer), 4, p. 393 (in text), 1843 — new name for Anthus ludovicianus "Lichtenstein"=AJattda ludo- viciana Gmelin. Anthus hypogoeus Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 38, p. 65, 1854 — new name for Alauda ludoviciana Gmelin; San Francisco, California. Anthus pensilvanicus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 12, 1904 (monog., full bibliog.); Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 22, p. 180, 1906 — Villa Ocampo and Rio Sestin, Durango. Anthus spinoletta rubescens Oberholser, Auk, 36, p. 406, 1919 (crit.). Range. — Arctic zone from northeastern Siberia, northern Alaska, northern Mackenzie, latitude 68° on the west coast of Davis Strait, and latitude 70° on the west coast of Greenland south to Great Slave Lake, northern Manitoba, Quebec (Gaspe"), and Newfound- land, and from the Aleutian Islands to Prince William Sound; also in the Rocky Mountains south to Oregon, Colorado, and New Mexico; winters from northern California and the Ohio and lower Delaware river valleys as far south as the Gulf coast, Lower California, and Guatemala; casual in Bermuda, accidental in Heligoland.1 56: Baffin Land (Peter Force Sound, Frobisher Bay, 2); Labrador (Battle Harbor, 4; Indian Harbor, 3; Nain, 1); Maine (New Vine- yard, 2) ; Connecticut (East Hartford, 1) ; Massachusetts (unspecified, 1); New York (Cayuga, 1; Owasco, 2); South Carolina (Frogmore, 2; Aiken County, 2); Florida (Key West, 3); Texas (Port O'Connor, 1; Corpus Christi, 3; Fort Davis, 1; Port Lavaca, 1; Ingram, 1); Colorado (Mount Flora, 2; Fort Lyon, 4; unspecified, 1); Arizona (Tucson, 1); California (Nestor, 1; Pacific Beach, 3; Livermore, 1; San Pablo Valley, Berkeley, 1; Los Gatos, 1; San Pedro, 2; Oakland, 1); Oregon (Pineville, 1); Washington (Clallam Bay, 1); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 4); Illinois (Worth, 1). Anthus pratensis (Linnaeus). MEADOW PIPIT. Alauda pratensis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 166, 1758 — "in Europae pratis' ' = Sweden . Anthus pratensis Paulsen, in Holboll, Orn. Beitr. Faun. Gronl., pp. 6, 24, 1846— Greenland (one spec.); Winge, Medd. Gr^nland, 21, p. 275, 1898— west coast of Greenland (one spec.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 18, 1904 (monog., full bibliog.). 1 According to Mr. W. E. C. Todd (in litt.), the American Pipit is divisible into several races. It is to be hoped that Mr. Todd will soon make known the results of his investigation. 86 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Range. — Iceland, the Faroes, the greater part of Europe, western Siberia, and Turkestan; winters in northern Africa; accidental in Greenland (one record from the west coast, fall of 1844). An thus cervinus (Pallas). RED-THROATED PIPIT. Motacilla cervina Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 1, p. 511, "1811"= 1827 — "in Siberia tantum maxime orientali, circa Covyma fl. itemque in Cam- tschatca et insulis versus Americana sitis frequens est, unde speci- mina attulit amic. Billings" (type locality, therefore, Kamchatka); Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6, p. 156, 1883— San Jose" del Cabo, Lower California (Jan. 26, 1883); Belding, I.e., 6, p. 350, 1883— San Jose del Cabo (date wrongly given as Feb. 7, 1883); Turner, Contrib. Nat. Hist. Alaska, p. 180, pi. 9, 1886— St. Michael, Alaska; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 15, 1904 (monog., full bibliog.); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 207, 1928— San Jose" del Cabo, Lower California. Range. — Tundras of northern Siberia and locally in northern Europe; winters southward to southern China, Egypt, and Abyssinia; accidental in western Alaska (St. Michael, 1867, date not recorded) and Lower California (San Jos6 del Cabo, Jan. 26, 1883). * *Anthus spragueii (Audubon). SPRAGUE'S PIPIT. Alauda spragueii Audubon, Bds. Amer. (8vo ed.), 7, p. 334, pi. 486, 1844 — near Fort Union, western North Dakota (cotypes in U. S. National Museum and Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 51, p. 18, 1899). Anthus spraguei(i) Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 155, 1864 — plains of Yellow- stone and upper Missouri to Saskatchewan (monog.); Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 136, 1886— Puebla, Mexico; Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1889, p. 236 — near Vera Cruz City, Vera Cruz; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 20, 1904 (monog., full bibliog.). Neocorys spraguei Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 620, 1885 (monog.). Range. — Transition zone of North America, from west-central Saskatchewan and southern Manitoba south to western Montana and North Dakota; winters from Texas, southern Louisiana, and southern Mississippi through eastern and central Mexico to Vera Cruz, Puebla, and Michoacan; casual in Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina. 6: Saskatchewan (Quill Lake, 1); Texas (Kendall County, 1; Cor- pus Christi, 1; Port O'Connor, 1; Harlingen, 1); Guerrero (Iguala, 1). 1 "Aleutian Islands" is credited to Zander (Journ. Orn., 1, Extraheft, p. 64, 1853). This author, however, does not say a word about the occurrence of the species on those islands, but merely repeats Pallas's statement that it ranges as far as the "islands toward America." 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 87 *Anthus furcatus furcatus Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny.1 SHORT- CLAWED PIPIT. Anthus furcatus Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 27, 1837 — Patagonia= Carmen, lower Rio Negro (type in Paris Museum examined); d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Merid., Ois., p. 227, 1838 — part, Carmen, Patagonia; Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 85, 1839 — northern bank of the La Plata; Sclater, Ibis, 1878, p. 364 — part, Con- chitas, Buenos Aires, and Patagonia (crit.); Doering, in Roca, Inf. Of. Exp. Rio Negro, Zool., p. 37, 1881 — Rio Azul, Carhue, Nueva Roma, etc., southern Buenos Aires; Holmberg, Act. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cor- doba, 5, p. 80, 1884— Tandil, Prov. Buenos Aires; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 605, 1885 — part, from Patagonia to the La Plata; Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 1, p. 19, 1888 — Conchitas, Prov. Buenos Aires; Stempelmann and Schulz, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, 10, p. 398, 1890— Cordoba; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 367, 1910 (range); Grant, Ibis, 1911, p. 87— Los Yngleses, Ajo, Buenos Aires (habits, breeding); Bertoni, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 17, p. 220, 1917— Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay; idem, Faun. Parag., p. 60, 1914 — Puerto Bertoni; Gibson, Ibis, 1918, p. 379 — Cape San Antonio, Buenos Aires (eggs descr.); Daguerre, El Hornero, 2, p. 270, 1922 — Rosas, Buenos Aires; Pereyra, I.e., 3, p. 171, 1923 — Zelaya, Buenos Aires; Niedfeld, I.e., p. 189, 1923— Santa Fe; Wilson, I.e., p. 360, 1926— General Lopez, Santa Fe. 1 This appears to be the earliest certain name for this species, which is easily recognizable among its affines by the stout, basally widened bill, and the short, strongly curved hind claw. There is a possibility that Anthus chii Vieillot (Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., 26, p. 490, 1818), based on "Chii" Azara, No. 146, might apply to the present species, as Azara's note on its song would seem to indicate. However, his description of the bird is so ambiguous that it is deemed best to drop the name altogether as unidentifiable. Bertoni (Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 17, p. 219, 1913) claims to have rediscovered at Asuncion and "in the southern region explored by Noceda" Azara's species, which, he adds, is probably of very limited distribution and unknown to European ornithologists. Judging from his remarks and measurements (wing, 62; tail, 47), I am inclined to believe that he had in hand worn specimens of A. I. lutescens. Anthus turdinus Merrem (in Ersch and Gruber, Allg. Encycl. Wiss., 4, p. 290, 1820) is another name exclusively based on "Chii" Azara, and cannot be used for any other species. It remains to say a few words on the much disputed "Variole" of Buffon (Hist. Nat. Ois., 5, p. 63) and "Petite Alouette, de Buenos Ayres" of Daubenton (PI. Enl., pi. 738, fig. 1). Both were based on Commerson's drawing of a bird from the vicinity of Buenos Aires, and no type exists. The figure is so poor that Ridgway (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 22 [footnote a], 1904) even suggested it might represent a young shorelark, and every attempt at its identification seems futile. The various names bestowed on it, a list of which is given below, must consequently be disregarded as unidentifiable. Alauda rufa (not Alauda rufa Gmelin, p. 792) Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 798, 1789— based on "La Variole" Buffon and "Petite Alouette, de Buenos Ayres" Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 738, fig. 1. Alauda bonariensis Bonnaterre, Tabl. Enc. M6th., Orn., 1, p. 317, 1792 — based on "La Variole" Buffon. Alauda variolata Suckow, Anfangsgr. Naturg. Thiere, 2, (2), p. 717, 1801 — based on "La Variole" Buffon and Daubenton, PL Enl., pi. 738, fig. 1. Anthus variegatus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., 26, p. 499, 1818 — based on the same references. 88 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Anthus furcatus furcatus Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 165, pi. 2, figs. 13-16 (eggs), 1909 — part, Barracas al Sud, Buenos Aires; Hellmayr, El Hornero, 2, p. 181, 1921 — Santa F6 (Ocampo), Buenos Aires, and Rio Negro (monog.); idem, Nov. Zool., 30, p. 224, 1923— Patagonia (crit. note on type); Peters, El Hornero, 3, p. 197, 1923 — Tunuyan, Mendoza; idem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 329, 1923 — Huanuluan, western Rio Negro; Marelli, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 655, 1924 — Prov. Buenos Aires to Patagonia; Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 360, 1926 — Uruguay (Rio Negro, Banado de la India Muerta, south of Lazcano, San Vicente), Argentina (Berazategui, fifteen miles south of Cape Antonio, Carhue, Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires; Victorica, Pampa), and Brazil (Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul) (habits, nest and eggs); Laubmann, Wissens. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 302, 1930— Estancia La Germania, Santa F6. Anthus variegatus (not of Vieillot) Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 26, 1837 — "avis junior," part, La Plata. Anthus correndera (not of Vieillot) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1868, p. 139 — Conchitas, Buenos Aires (part; spec, examined in British Museum and Berlepsch Collection); Hudson, I.e., 1873, p. 771 — Buenos Aires (in part; habits); Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 32 — part, Flores, Buenos Aires (spec, in British Museum examined); idem, Ibis, 1878, p. 168 — Buenos Aires (in part); White, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 594 — Flores, Buenos Aires (spec, in Berlepsch Collection examined); Holland, Ibis, 1890, p. 425 — Estancia Espartillar, Buenos Aires; idem, Ibis, 1892, p. 195 — Estancia Espartillar (spec, in British Museum examined) ; Aplin, Ibis, 1894, p. 163, pi. 5, fig. 1 — Uruguay (song, nest, and eggs descr.; spec, in British Museum examined). Anthus rufus (not Alauda rufa Gmelin) Durnford, Ibis, 1876, p. 158 — Buenos Aires (in part). Range. — Northern Argentina, south to the Rio Negro; Paraguay; Uruguay; and extreme southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul).1 33: Argentina (La Independencia, Las Rosas, Prov. Santa FC", 1; Torrecita, Prov. Buenos Aires, 1; Concepcion, Tucumdn, 31). *Anthus furcatus brevirostris Taczanowski.2 SHORT-BILLED PIPIT. 1 Birds from Concepcion, Tucuman, when compared with others in correspond- ing plumage from Buenos Aires prove to be inseparable, though a few have as much white in the tail as A. /. brevirostris. Additional material examined. — Argentina, Santa F6: Ocampo, 1. — Buenos Aires: Barracas al Sud, 7; Conchitas (H. W. Hudson), 2; San Jos6 de Flores (H. Durnford and E. W. White), 4; La Plata (E. W. White), 1; Avellaneda, 2; Buenos Aires, 4; Estancia Espartillar (adult female, worn breeding; A. H. Holland), 1; Carmen, Rio Negro, 1 (the type). — Uruguay: Colonia (Campbell), 1; Santa Elena (O. V. Aplin), 5. 'Anthus furcatus brevirostris Taczanowski: Similar to A. f. furcatus, but upper parts much more rufescent, tawny olive rather than buffy drab, passing 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 89 Anthus brevirostris Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 507 — Junln, Peru (type in Warsaw Museum; cf. Sztolcman and Domaniewski, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 6, p. 166, 1927). Anthus variegatus (not Vieillot) Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 26, 1837 — "avis junior," part, Cochabamba, Bolivia. Anthus furcatus (not of Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny) d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame'r. M6rid., Ois., p. 227, 1838— part, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Sclater, Ibis, 1878, p. 364 — part, Peru and Bolivia; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 593 — Cochabamba (ex d'Orbigny); Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 459, 1884— Junfn, Peru; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 605, 1885 — part, Bolivia and Peru; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, p. 126, 1906— Puno, Peru; Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 108, 1921 — Ttica-tica, Cuzco, and Tirapata, Puno, Peru. Anthus furcatus furcatus Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 165, 1909 — part, Valle Grande, Bolivia. Anthus furcatus brevirostris Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 330 — Ingapirca, Junin, Peru (crit.); Hellmayr, El Hornero, 2, p. 182, 1921— Peru and Bolivia (crit.); idem, Nov. Zool., 30, p. 223, 1923 — Cochabamba, Bolivia (crit.); Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 413, 1930— Huanuco Viejo, Peru (crit.). Range. — Puna zone of Peru (in depts. of Huanuco, Junin, Cuzco, and Puno) and Bolivia.1 6: Peru (Huanuco Viejo, Huanuco, 2; Puno, Puno, 4). *Anthus lutescens lutescens Pucheran. YELLOWISH PIPIT. Anthus lutescens (Cuvier MS.)2 Pucheran, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 7, p. 343, 1855 — "Bresil"= vicinity of Rio de Janeiro (type in Paris Museum examined); Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 114, 1885 — Taquara do Mundo Novo, Rio Grande do Sul; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 116, 1899— Mundo Novo; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 132, 1899— IguapS, Sao Paulo; Ihering, I.e., 4, pp. 152, 202, 1900— Nova Friburgo, Rio (nest); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 307, 1906 (crit. into clay color on the lower back and rump; chest and sides deeper buff; white area on external rectrices slightly more extensive; size somewhat larger. Mr. Zimmer cast doubts on the validity of this race, but all the specimens in Field Museum except one happen to be in worn plumage, when the subspecific characters are obliterated through abrasion. With an ample series of freshly molted birds from Peru and Bolivia I have no difficulty in distinguishing A. f. brevirostris from its southern ally. Additional material examined. — Peru: Ingapirca, Junin, 2; Anta, Cuzco, 11. — Bolivia: Vacas, 1; Valle Grande, 5; Cochabamba, 2. 1 Anthus sp. inc. Sclater (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1886, p. 397 — Sacaya, Cordil- lera of Tarapaca, northern Chile) may possibly belong to A. f. brevirostris. Ambrose Lane obtained a single young male, which Sclater thought to be nearest to A. furcatus. Unfortunately, this specimen cannot now be found in the collection of the British Museum. * Anthus lutescens ("Cuvier") Lesson (Traite" d'Orn., p. 424, 1831) is a nomen nudum. 90 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII note on type); Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 330, 1907 — Sao Paulo (Iguape, Cachoeira, Sao Sebastiao, Barretos, Bebedouro), Matto Grosso (Porto da Faya), and Espirito Santo (Rio Doce); Chubb, Ibis, 1910, p. 614— Sapucay, Paraguay; Bertoni, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 17, p. 220, 1913 — Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 208, 1913 — La Pedrita, Uracoa, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela; Sneth- lage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 473, 1914— Para, Benevides, Quati-Puru, Marajo (Chaves, Pacoval, Pindobal), Cussary, and Rio Maecuru, Brazil; SeriS and Smyth, El Hornero, 3, p. 52, 1923— Santa Elena, Entre Rios; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 2, No. 6, p. 60, 1926— Sao Bento, Maranhao; Smyth, El Hornero, 4, p. 144, 1928 — Cacharl, Buenos Aires (eggs descr.); Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 173, 1928— Para, Brazil. Anthus lutescens lutescens Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 307, 1906 — Brazil (from Para to Sao Paulo), west to Corrientes and Tucuman; Hartert and Venturi, I.e., 16, p. 164, pi. 2, figs. 8-12 (eggs), 1909— Barracas al Sud, Buenos Aires (nesting habits, eggs); Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 367, 1910 — Tucuman and Barracas al Sud; Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-Phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2, pp. 99, 118, 123, 1912 — Mexiana and Marajo, Brazil (crit.); idem, El Hornero, 2, p. 183, 1921 (range, crit., meas.); idem, Nov. Zool., 30, p. 223, 1923— Corrientes and Rio de Janeiro; idem, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 267, 1929 — Maranhao (Sao Bento, Mangunca Island); Reiser, Denks. Math.- Naturwiss. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 172, 1925 — Rio Parnahyba and Amaragao, Piauhy; Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 363, 1926— Chaco (Las Palmas), Formosa (Riacho Pilaga), and Paraguay (Puerto Pinasco); Friedmann, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, p. 214, 1927— Con- cepcion, Tucuman; Pereyra, El Hornero, 4, p. 33, 1927 — San Rafael, Mendoza; Laubmann, Wissens. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 302, 1930 — Estancia La Germania, Santa F6; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 341, 1930— Matto Grosso; Chapman, I.e., 63, p. 118, 1931 — Roraima (Paulo and Arabupu). Anthus lulescens subsp. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 307, 1906 — British Guiana (Roraima, Rio Rupununi, Annai) and Colombia (Bogota); Berlepsch, I.e., 15, p. 109, 1908 — Cayenne, French Guiana. Anthus (Alauda) chii (not of Vieillot) Spix, Av. Bras., 1, p. 75, pis. 76-77, fig. 2, 1824— Rio Sao Francisco, Bahia; Hellmayr, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 625, 1906 (crit.). Anthus chii Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 631, 1830 — southern Brazil; Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 26, 1837— Corrientes; d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Merid., Ois., p. 225, 1838— Banda Oriental (Maldonado, Montevideo), La Plata, and Corrientes; Gould, in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 85, 1839 — part, Rio de Janeiro; Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 24, 1862 — Mexiana and southern Brazil; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 569 — Mexiana (spec, examined); Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 69, 1868 — Rio de Janeiro (spec, examined); (?) Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 446 — Minas Geraes (Lag6a dos Porcos, near Paracatu; Sete Lagoas). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 91 Anthus rufus (not Alauda rufa Gmelin) Burmeister, Syst. Ueber. Th. Bras., 3, p. 118, 1856— Nova Friburgo; (?) Sternberg, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 268, 1869— Buenos Aires (nesting habits); (?) Holtz, I.e., 18, p. 9, 1870 (egg descr.); Sclater, Ibis, 1878, p. 360 — part, Brazil (Rio, Bahia, Mexiana) and Guiana, "Trinidad"; Berlepsch, Ibis, 1884, p. 432 — Angostura, Orinoco River, Venezuela (spec, examined); Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 202 — Merume" Mountains and Roraima, British Guiana; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 606, 1885 — part, Rio Grande do Sul (Pelotas), Rio de Janeiro, Pernambuco, Mexiana, MerumS Mountains, and Roraima; Riker and Chapman, Auk, 7, p. 266, 1890 — Diamantina, Santare'm; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 3, p. 344, 1891 — Corumba, Matto Grosso; Salvador!, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 378, p. 3, 1900— Matto Grosso; Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 173, 1902— Rio Sali, Tucuman; idem, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, p. 40, 1905 — Rio Sali; Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 79, 1910— Bahia (Sam- baiba, Rio Sao Francisco) and Piauhy (Queimadas, Rio Parnahyba, and coast strip) ; Penard and Penard, Voy. Guyana, 2, p. 491, 1910 — Surinam. Notiocorys abariensis Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41, p. 79, 1921 — Abary River, British Guiana (type in McConnell Collection, now in British Museum, examined); idem, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 420, 1921 — Abary River, Roraima, and Merume Mountains; Young, Ibis, 1929, p. 241 — Blairmont and Abary River (habits, song). Range. — Northern Argentina east of the Andes, south to Mendoza, Santa F6, Corrientes, and Buenos Aires; Uruguay; Paraguay; eastern Bolivia; the greater part of Brazil, locally in the Amazon Valley; Guianas and Venezuela (locally in the Orinoco basin), west apparently to the llanos of the Rio Meta, eastern Colombia.1 1 Further subdivision of this form seems impracticable. Birds from Bolivia and Tucuman are on average more deeply yellowish below, with heavier dusky markings on chest and sides, and somewhat darker, less brownish on the upper parts, when compared with Brazilian skins. The two series being, however, not quite comparable as to season, more comprehensive material of this notoriously variable group should be studied before any formal separation is proposed. Birds from the Guianas and the adjacent parts of Brazil (B6a Vista and Serra da Lua, Rio Branco), a single specimen from the Orinoco ( Angostura =Ciudad Bolivar), and a skin of the well-known "Bogota" preparation, while identical with those from eastern Brazil in coloration of upper parts and markings of lower surface, differ nevertheless by the reduction of the dusky inner margin on the two lateral rectrices, the outermost feather being almost entirely white as in A. I. parous. Numerous individuals, however, can hardly be told apart, and the propriety of maintaining A. I. abariensis on such a slight divergency seems extremely question- able. Specimens from Roraima and Merum6 Mountains have, as a rule, larger bills, but I have failed to discern any difference in coloration that is not attributable to season. Chubb 's description of N. abariensis is fairly confused and, in several points, at variance with the characters of the marked type. Additional material examined. — Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, 8; Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul, 2; Bahia, 12; Island of Sambaiba, Rio Sao Francisco, Bahia, 2; Queimadas, Rio Parnahyba, Piauhy, 1; Amaracao, Piauhy, 9; Mexiana, 2; Marajo, 5. — Paraguay: Villa Rica, 1. — Bolivia: Santa Cruz de la Sierra, 1. — Argentina: Corrientes, 1; Tucuman, 3. — French Guiana: Cayenne, 1. — British Guiana: Roraima, 11; Merume Mountains, 1; Annai, 3; Rio Rupununi, 2; Abary River, 5. — Venezuela: Angostura, 1. — Colombia: "Bogota," 1. 92 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 31: Argentina (Conception, Tucuman, 13); Bolivia (Buenavista, Santa Cruz, 2; Todos Santos, 3); Brazil (Bahia, 1; Sao Marcello, Rio Preto, Bahia, 1; Sao Bento, Maranhao, 2; Mangunca Island, Maranhao, 1; Boa Vista, Rio Branco, 7; Serra da Lua, near Boa Vista, Rio Branco, 1). *Anthus lutescens parvus Lawrence.1 PANAMA PIPIT. Anthus (Notiocorys) parvus Lawrence, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 17, p. 106, June, 1865 — savannah near Panama City (type in coll. of Geo. N. Lawrence, now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York). Anthus rufus (not Alauda rufa Gmelin) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 322, 1862 — savannahs near Panama City; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 156, 1864 — Panama (crit.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 346 — Panama (ex Lawrence); Sclater, Ibis, 1878, p. 360 — part, Panama (crit.); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 108, 1880 — part, Panama (Santa F6 and Panama Railroad); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 606, 1885 — part, Panama and Veragua (Santa F6). Anthus parvus Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 135 — Santa F6, Veragua (crit.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 22, 1904— Isthmus of Panama (Panama City), Chiriqul (Divala), and Veragua (Santa Fe); Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, p. 220, 1906 — savannah of Panama. Anthus rufus parvus Bangs, Auk, 18, p. 368, 1901 — Divala, Chiriqui. Anthus lutescens parvus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 307, 1906 — Panama, Veragua, and Chiriqul (crit.); idem, El Hornero, 2, p. 184, 1921 — Panama (diag.). Range. — Panama, from the Isthmus (Panama City, Balboa) west to Chiriqui (Divala, Frances). 2: Panama (Balboa, 2). *Anthus lutescens peruvianus Nicholson.2 PERUVIAN PIPIT. 1 Anthus lutescens parvus Lawrence: Differs from A. I. lutescens by darker, brownish rather than buffy chest with heavier dusky markings; distinct dusky streaks on the flanks; the reduction of the dusky inner margin on the lateral rectrices, which is nearly evanescent on the outermost pair; darker brown edges to the upper parts, etc. Additional material examined. — Panama: savannah near Panama, 3; Frances (alt. 2,000 ft.), Chiriqui, 6; "Chiriqui," 2. 1 Anthus lutescens peruvianus Nicholson: Similar to A. I. lutescens, but on average larger; upper parts with broader as well as more whitish edges to the lateral interscapulars and paler markings to the wing coverts; ventral surface whiter, with paler, if any, buffy suffusion across chest and along flanks; dusky margin to inner web of lateral rectrices much reduced in extent, even more so than in A. I. parvus. Birds from northern Chile agree with a Peruvian series. This form appears to be restricted to the arid Tropical zone. The localities "Tinta" and "Arequipa," as recorded by Sclater, Salvin, and Sharpe, are erroneous. There is no specimen 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 93 Anthus peruvianus Nicholson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 390 — Catarindos Valley and Islay, Dept. Arequipa, southern Peru (type, from Catarindos Valley [near Islay], in British Museum examined); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 609, 1885— Catarindos Valley, Islay, "Tinta" (errore), and Lima, Peru, Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1892, p. 374 — Lima. Anthus chii (not of Vieillot) Tschudi, Arch. Naturg., 10, (1), p. 283, 1844— Peru; idem, Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 191, 1846 — Peru; Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 506— Lima (habits). Anthus sp. (?) Nation, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 97 — near Lima (spec, examined). Anthus rufus (not Alauda rufa Gmelin) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 984— Islay; idem, I.e., 1868, p. 173— Tambo River, thirty miles south of Islay; idem, I.e., 1868, pp. 568, 569 — "Arequipa"; Sclater, Ibis, 1878, p. 360 — part, Peru (Lima, Islay, "Arequipa"); Taczanowski, Orn. P6r., 1, p. 460, 1884— Lima (eggs descr.). Anthus lutescens peruvianus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 307, 1906 — coast region of Peru from Trujillo to Islay; idem, El Hornero, 2, p. 184, 1921 — littoral of Peru (crit.); idem, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 44, 1932— Chacalluta, Tacna, Chile (crit.). Range. — Littoral of extreme northern Chile (Tacna Province) and Peru north to Trujillo. 5: Chile (Chacalluta, Tacna, 5). Anthus correndera calcaratus Taczanowski.1 TACZANOWSKI'S PIPIT. Anthus calcaratus Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., Nov., 1874, p. 507, pub. 1875 — Junln, Peru (type in Warsaw Museum; cf. Sztolcman and Domaniewski, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 6, p. 167, 1927); Berlepsch and Stolzmann, I.e., 1896, p. 330 — Ingapirca, Junin; idem, Ornis, 13, p. 126, 1906— Puno, Peru. Anthus correndera (not of Vieillot) Sclater, Ibis, 1878, p. 362 — part, Peru; Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 458, 1884— Junin; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 610, 1885— part, Peru. from either of these places in the British Museum, and I suppose they both refer to a male collected on October 25, 1867, in the Tambo Valley, preserved in that collection. Additional material examined. — Peru: Trujillo, 7; Lima, 5; Catarindos Valley, 1 (the type); Islay, 2; Tambo Valley, 1. 1 Anthus correndera calcaratus Taczanowski: Nearest to A. c. chilensis, but coloration much more fulvous throughout, this being particularly noticeable on the edges to the feathers of the dorsal plumage, on the rump, and on the chest; light area on the lateral rectrices more extensive and more purely white, the dusky inner margin on the outermost pair being restricted to the extreme base and wholly concealed by the under tail coverts; bill longer and slenderer. Wing, 76-78, (female) 74-76; tail, 54-57; bill, 13-14. Material examined. — Peru: Ingapirca, Junin, 3; Anta, Cuzco, 2. 94 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Anthus correndera calcaratus Hellmayr, El Hornero, 2, p. 187, 1921 — Ingapirca (Junin), Anta (Cuzco), and Puno, Peru (crit.). Range. — Puna zone of Peru, from Junin to Cuzco and Puno. *Anthus correndera catamarcae Hellmayr.1 CATAMARCA PIPIT. Anthus correndera catamarcae Hellmayr, El Hornero, 2, p. 186, 1921 — Lago Colorado (alt. 3,400 meters), Catamarca, Argentina (type in Munich Museum); idem, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 42, 1332— Calama, Rio Loa, Ojo de San Pedro, and twenty miles east of San Pedro, Antofagasta, Chile (crit.). Anthus chii (not of Vieillot) Philippi, Ornis, 4, p. 159, 1888 — Antofagasta. Anthus calcaratus (not of Taczanowski) Berlepsch and Leverkiihn, Ornis, 6, p. 8, 1890 — Calama, Antofagasta (crit.; spec, examined). Range. — Puna zone of northern Chile (Antofagasta) and extreme northwestern Argentina (Los Andes and Catamarca). 10: Chile, Antofagasta (Rio Loa, 6; Ojo de San Pedro, 1; twenty miles east of San Pedro, 3).2 *Anthus correndera chilensis (Lesson).3 CHILEAN PIPIT. Corydalla chilensis Lesson, Rev. Zool., 2, p. 101, 1839 — Chile (type in Abeille Collection, Bordeaux); idem, Oeuvr. Compl. Buff on, ed. Leveque, 20, [=Descr. Mamm. et Ois.], p. 298, 1847— Chile (full descr.); Des Murs, in Gay, Hist. Fis. Pol. Chile, Zool., 1, p. 325, 1847— Chile (ex Lesson). Anthus chii (not of Vieillot) Kittlitz, Denkw. Reise, 1, pp. 163, 178, 1858— Lagunilla Valley and Quillota, Valparaiso, Chile. Anthus furcatus (not of Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny) Pelzeln, Reise Novara, Zool., 1, Vogel, p. 69, 1865 — Chile (spec, in Vienna Museum examined). 1 Anthus correndera catamarcae Hellmayr: Very similar to A. c. calcaratus in coloration except for the slightly paler, not quite so deeply ochraceous upper parts and chest, but decidedly larger. Wing, 79-83, (female) 77-79; tail, 58-63, (female) 57-59; bill, 12^-14. Additional material examined. — Chile: Calama, Antofagasta, 1. — Argentina: Lago Colorado, Catamarca, 3; Lago Blanco, Catamarca, 1; Antofagasta, Los Andes, 1. 1 A specimen in Field Museum received from Juan Mogensen is marked "Rio Gallegos, Patagonia, Nov. 20, 1914," doubtless owing to an accidental transposi- tion of the label. 1 Anthus correndera chilensis (Lesson): Very similar to A. c. correndera, but general coloration more buffy. Specimens from the Straits of Magellan (Punta Arenas) and extreme southern Patagonia (Rio Gallegos) are precisely like the Chilean ones. According to Wetmore (1926, p. 456), breeding birds from western Santa Cruz (Lago San Martin), while showing a certain tendency toward correndera, are nearest to the present form. Additional material examined. — Chile: Oyalle, Coquimbo, 1; Santiago, 4; Tumbes, Conception, 1; Valdivia, 2; unspecified, 6; Punta Arenas, Straits of Magellan, 2. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 95 Anthus correndera (not of Vieillot) Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 85, 1839 — part, Chile; Fraser, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 11, p. 112, 1843— Chile; Des Mure, in Gay, Hist. Fis. Pol. Chile, Zool., 1, p. 323, 1847— Chile; Frauen- feld, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 10, Abhandl., p. 636, 1860— near Santiago; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, pp. 321, 337— Chile; Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 31, p. 258, 1868— Chile; Reed, I.e., 49, p. 542, 1877— Cau- quenes, Colchagua; Landbeck, Zool. Gart., 18, p. 244, 1877 — Chile; Sclater, Ibis, 1878, p. 362— part, Chile; Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 419— Coquimbo, Chile; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 610, 1885— part, Chile; Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 131, 1889— Gregory Bay and Point Elizabeth, Straits of Magellan; C. Burmeister, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 3, p. 317, 1890 — Rio Chico de Santa Cruz and Camp Chonquek-ai'k, southern Patagonia; Oustalet, Miss. Scient. Cap Horn, 6, p.B. 77, 1891 — Punta Arenas and Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego; Waugh and Lataste, Act. Soc. Scient. Chili, 4, p. LXXXV, 1894— Penaflor, Santiago; idem, I.e., 4, p. CLXXI, 1895— San Alfonso, Quillota; Reed, Anal. Univ. Chile, 93, p. 199, 1896— Chile; Schalow, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., 4, p. 728, 1898 — Tumbes (Talcaguano) and Punta Arenas, Chile; Albert, Anal. Univ. Chile, 101, p. 934, 1898— Chile (monog.); Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 360, 1902 — Tierra del Fuego; Crawshay, Bds. Tierra del Fuego, p. 45, 1907 — Useless Bay; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 367, 1910 — part, Tierra del Fuego; Barros, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 25, p. 187, 1921 — Los Andes, Aconcagua, Chile; Housse, I.e., 29, p. 145, 1925— San Bernardo, Santiago; idem, I.e., p. 226, 1925 — Isla La Mocha, Chile; Barros, I.e., 30, p. 142, 1926— Nilahue, Curico; Bullock, I.e., 33, p. 185, 1929— Angol, Malleco; Barros, I.e., p. 362, 1929— Aconcagua. Anthus correndera correndera Stone, Rep. Princet. Univ. Exp. Patag., 2, p. 827, 1928 — Rio Coy, Mount Tigre, and Cape Fairweather, Patagonia. Anthus correndera chilensis Hellmayr, El Hornero, 2, p. 186, 1921 — Chile (crit.); Paessler, Journ. Orn., 70, p. 475, 1922 — Coronel, Chile (nest and eggs); Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 363, 1926— near Concon, Valparaiso (crit.); idem, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 24, p. 456, 1926— Lago San Martin, Santa Cruz, Patagonia (crit.); Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 40, 1932— Chile, from Atacama to the Straits of Magellan (crit.). Range. — Chile, from the Copiapo Valley, Atacama, south to the Straits of Magellan and Tierra del Fuego, and extreme southern Patagonia, north to about latitude 48° south (Lago San Martin and Rio Chico, Dept. Santa Cruz). 26: Chile (Ramadilla, Copiapo Valley, Atacama, 3; Romero, Coquimbo, 6; Batuco, Santiago, 1; Conception, 6; Lake Gualletue", Cautin, 7; Casa Richards, Rio Nirehuau, Llanquihue, 1); Argentina (Rio Gallegos, Patagonia, 2). 96 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII *Anthus correndera grayi Bonaparte.1 FALKLAND PIPIT. Anthus grayi Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, p. 249, 1850 — based on Alauda novae zealandiae, var. /3, of Latham (Ind. Orn., 2, p. 497, 1790), which, in its turn, is based on "Cinereous Lark" [of the Falkland Islands] Port- lock, Voy. round the World, 1789, pi. facing p. 38; "Oceania" = near Port Egmont, Falkland Islands; Mathews and Iredale, Austr. Av. Rec., 4, p. 150, 1921.* Anthus phillipsi Brooks, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 6, p. 26, June, 1916 — Port Stanley, East Falkland Island (type in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); idem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61, p. 159, 1917— Falkland Islands. Anthus correndera (not of Vieillot) Gould, in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 85, 1839— part, Falkland Islands; idem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 27, p. 95, 1859 —Falkland Islands; Sclater, I.e., 28, p. 384, 1860— Falkland Islands; Abbott, Ibis, 1861, p. 153— East Falkland (habits); Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 24, 1862— Falkland Islands; idem, Ibis, 1878, p. 362— part, Falkland Islands; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 610, 1885— part, Falkland Islands; C. Burmeister, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 3, p. 244, 1888— part, Islas Malvinas; Dabbene, I.e., 8, p. 360, 1902— part, Islas Malvinas; Vallentin, in Boyson, The Falkland Islands, p. 333, 1924 (nest and eggs descr.). Anthus antarcticus (not of Cabanis) Vallentin, Mem. Proc. Manchester Lit. Philos. Soc., 48, No. 23, p. 42, 1904— Falkland Islands. Anthus correndera phillipsi Hellmayr, El Hornero, 2, p. 186, 1921 — Malouines (crit.); Wace, I.e., p. 204, 1921— Falkland Islands; Bennett, Ibis, 1926, p. 332— Falkland Islands. Anthus correndera grayi Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 41, 1932 (crit.). Range. — Falkland Islands. 2: West Falkland Island (Port Stephens, 2). *Anthus correndera correndera Vieillot. CORRENDERA PIPIT. Anthus correndera Vieillot,3 Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 26, p. 491, 1818 — based on "La Correndera" Azara, No. 145; "Paraguay" down 1 Anthus correndera grayi Bonaparte: Nearest to A. c. chilensis, but slightly larger with stronger bill and smaller dusky pectoral markings. Wing, 79-82; tail, 60-64; tars., 22-24; bill, 12-13. Additional specimens examined. — West Falkland: Port Stephens, 3. — "Falk- land Islands," 5. 2 The pertinence of the Falkland Islands "variety" of Portlock's "Cinereous Lark" to the Pipit was first pointed out by Mathews and Iredale, although the wording of their explanation is hardly intelligible. a Azara's account of "La Correndera" is by no means clear and has been referred to A. nattereri by Bertoni (Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 17, p. 218, 1913). Still, various details in his description, taken in conjunction with the habitat, which is said to extend to the La Plata River, where Natterer's Pipit is not known to occur, point rather to the species we are accustomed to call by Vieillot's name. I do not think there is any necessity for making a change in current nomenclature. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 97 to the Rio de La Plata; d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Mend., Ois., p. 225, 1838 — Buenos Aires to Patagonia; Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 85, 1839 — part, La Plata; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 139— Conchitas, Buenos Aires (in part); Sclater, I.e., 1872, p. 548 — Rio Negro; Hudson, I.e., 1873, p. 771 — Buenos Aires (in part; habits); Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 32 — Chubut Valley, Patagonia, and Punta Lara, Buenos Aires (in part);1 idem, Ibis, 1877, p. 168 — Buenos Aires, up the Parana to Baradero (in part); idem, Ibis, 1878, p. 392— Chubut Valley; Sclater, Ibis, 1878, p. 362 — part, Argentina and Uruguay; Doering, in Roca, Inf. Of. Exp. Rio Negro, Zool., p. 37, 1881— Rio Azul, Rio Negro; (?) Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CL, 8, p. 87, 1883 — Conception del Uruguay, Entre Rios; (?) Dalgleish, Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., 8, p. 81, 1884— Tala, south bank of Rio Negro, Uruguay (nest and eggs descr.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 610, 1885 — part, Mendoza, Rio Negro, Maldonado, and Buenos Aires; (?) Gibson, Ibis, 1885, p. 277 — Paysandu, Uruguay; Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 1, p. 17, 1888 — Argentina (habits) ; Stempel- mann and Schulz, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, 10, p. 398, 1890— Cordoba; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 117, 1899— Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 5, "1901," p. 264, 1902— Iguap6, Sao Paulo; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 330, 1907— part, Brazil (Iguape, Sao Paulo; Nova Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul) and Argentina (Buenos Aires); Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 164, pi. 2, figs. 17-19 (eggs), 1909 — part, Barracas al Sud, Buenos Aires, and Sao Sebastiao, Sao Paulo; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 367, 1910 (range, excl. Tierra del Fuego) ; Grant, Ibis, 1911, p. 86 — Los Yngleses, Ajo, Buenos Aires (breeding); Hussey, Auk, 33, p. 396, 1916— La Plata; Gibson, Ibis, 1918, p. 378 — Cape San Antonio (eggs descr.); Marelli, El Hornero, 1, p. 79, 1918 — Curuzu Cuatia, Corrientes; Sanzin, I.e., p. 151, 1918 — Alto Verde and Los Arboles, Mendoza; (?) Tremoleras, I.e., 2, p. 22, 1920 — Uruguay (Montevideo, Canelones, San Jose, Florida, Maldonado); Daguerre, I.e., p. 270, 1922 — Rosas, Buenos Aires; Serie and Smyth, I.e., 3, p. 52, 1923 — Santa Elena, Entre Rios; Pereyra, I.e., p. 170, 1923— Zelaya, Buenos Aires; Niedfeld, I.e., p. 189, 1923— Santa Fe; Wilson, I.e., p. 360, 1926— General Lopez, Santa Fe; Smyth, I.e., 4, p. 143, 1928 — Cachari, Buenos Aires (eggs descr.). Anthus correndera correndera Hellmayr, El Hornero, 2, p. 185, 1921 — Argen- tina, Uruguay, and southern Brazil (monog.); idem, Nov. Zool., 30, pr223, 1923— Buenos Aires; Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 329, 1923— Huanuluan, western Rio Negro; Marelli, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922- 23, p. 655, 1924 (range, excl. Chile); Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 361, 1926 — Uruguay (San Vicente), Buenos Aires (Dolores, Lavalle, Guamini), Neuquen (Zapala), and Tunuyan, Mendoza (crit., habits); idem, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 24, p. 456, 1926— Paja Alta, Rio Negro (crit.); Laubmann, Wissens. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 303, 1930 — Estancia La Germania, Santa Fe. 1 Durnford did not distinguish between this species and A. f. furcatus. A specimen in the British Museum collected by him on September 27, 1875, at Flores, Buenos Aires, pertains to the latter. 98 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Anthus variegatus (not of Vieillot) Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 26, 1837 — part, Buenos Aires (spec, in Paris Museum examined). Anthus rufus (not Alauda rufa Gmelin) (?) Burmeister, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 252, 1860 — Parand and Mendoza; (?) idem, Reise La Plata Staaten, 2, p. 474, 1861 — Mendoza, Parana, and Montevideo; Durnford, Ibis, 1876, p. 158 — Buenos Aires (in part). Anthus correndera chilensis (not Corydalla chilensis Lesson) Pereyra, El Hornero, 4, p. 33, 1927 — San Rafael, Mendoza. Range. — Northern half of Argentina, south to the Chubut River; Uruguay; southern Brazil, from Rio Grande do Sul north to Sao Paulo (Iguape*, Sao Sebastiao).1 19: Argentina (Conception, Tucuman, 19). Anthus antarcticus Cabanis.2 SOUTH GEORGIAN PIPIT. Anthus antarcticus Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 254, 1884 — South Georgia (type in Berlin Museum); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 604, 1885— South Georgia; Pagenstecher, Jahrb. Wiss. Anst. Hamburg, 2, p. 10, pi., figs. 1, 2 (adult and egg), 1885 — South Georgia (crit., nest and eggs); Lonnberg, Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 40, No. 5, p. 54, 1906— Moraine Fjord and West Fjord, Cumberland Bay (habits); Murphy, El Hornero, 3, p. 56, 1923— South Georgia (habits); Bennett, Ibis, 1926, p. 332— South Georgia. Range. — Island of South Georgia. Anthus nattereri Sclater.3 NATTERER'S PIPIT. 1 Specimens from southern Brazil are identical with an Argentinean series. An adult female from Chacabuco, Neuquen, taken on the nest with three eggs on November 14, 1907, also agrees in every respect with others in corresponding plumage from Buenos Aires. Birds from Conception, Tucuman, all except two (that were shot in June) obtained in August, appear to be likewise inseparable. They are smaller, with shorter bills, and less fulvescent throughout, and have considerably less white on the lateral rectrices than A. c. catamarcae, though one or two individuals exhibit a certain tendency towards this form. Additional specimens examined. — Argentina: Buenos Aires, 7; La Plata, 2 (females, Nov. 6 and 15, 1882. E. W. White); Barracas al Sud, 6; Chacabuco, Neuquen, 1 (breeding female with nest and eggs). — Brazil: Sao Lourenco, Rio Grande do Sul, 1; Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 1; Sao Sebastiao, Sao Paulo, 5. 2 Anthus antarcticus Cabanis, a very distinct species, differs from all other South American pipits by its gigantic size, heavy feet and bill, as well as by the rich warm buff under parts, coarsely marked with blackish all over, excepting the throat and a small area in the anal region. Two specimens examined. 3 Anthus nattereri Sclater, though resembling A. correndera in the excessively long, moderately curved hind claw, is a very distinct species, differing, as it does, by shorter wings, the absence of the buffy white interscapular stripe, and the peculiar shape of the rectrices. The upper parts are strongly fulvescent or ochra- ceous, more like A. c. catamarcae; the chest bright ochraceous, almost buff yellow, with dusky streaks, which are merely suggested on sides and flanks; the light areas on the lateral rectrices tinged with buffy or grayish buff. The tail feathers 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 99 Anthus nattereri Sclater, Ibis, (4), 2, p. 366, pi. 10, 1878— Pescaria, Rio Verde, and ItararS, Sao Paulo (type, from Rio Verde, in collection of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum) ; Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 10, No. 208, p. 3, 1895 — Paraguari, Paraguay; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 117, 1899 — Sao Lourenco, Rio Grande do Sul (spec, examined); idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 133, 1899 — Ypiranga, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 202, 1900 (nest and eggs descr.); idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 331, 1907 — Ypiranga and Itarare, Sao Paulo; Hellmayr, El Hornero, 2, p. 188, 1921 — southeastern Brazil and Paraguay (crit.); Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 187, 1926— Invernadinha, Parana. Xanthocorys nattereri Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 619, 1885 — Rio Verde, Sao Paulo (monog.). Anthus correndera (not of Vieillot) Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 69, 1868 — Rio Verde, Pescaria, and Itarar6, Sao Paulo (spec, examined). Anthus correndera correndera Bertoni, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 17, p. 218, 1913 — Paraguay, "Argentina (parte fronteriza)," and "Matto Grosso?" (crit.). Anthus correndera nattereri Bertoni, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 17, p. 219, 1913 — Paraguari, Paraguay (ex Salvadori); idem, Faun. Parag., p. 60, 1914 — Paraguari. Range. — Southeastern Brazil, in states of Sao Paulo (Ypiranga, Rio Verde, Pescaria, Itarare"), Parana (Invernadinha, Monte Alegre), and Rio Grande do Sul (Sao Lourengo), and Paraguay (Paraguari). *Anthus hellmayri hellmayri Hartert.1 HELLMAYR'S PIPIT. are attenuated on the apical third and distinctly acuminate. The lower mandible is yellow, with mere traces of a dusky tip. Wing, 72-74 Hi (female) 69-70; tail, 63-65, (female) 58-65; bill, 12-13. The characters of this peculiar species have been explained at length in "El Hornero," 2, p. 188. Material examined. — Brazil, Sao Paulo: Itarar6, 4; Ypanema, 1; Parana, Fazenda de Monte Alegre, 1; Sao Lourenco, Rio Grande do Sul, 1. 1 Anthus hellmayri hellmayri Hartert, while agreeing with A. furcatus in the strongly curved hind claw and the absence of the buff y white longitudinal dorsal stripe, differs by having the chest and sides narrowly streaked instead of spotted with dusky, and the outermost rectrix only marked with a cuneate grayish buffy stripe, there being very rarely (in two out of twenty specimens) a suggestion of a small apical spot of the same color on the penultimate pair. It is, no doubt, quite distinct specifically, and in general appearance more like A. bogotensis shiptoni, from which it may, however, be distinguished by smaller size, slenderer bill, heavily streaked sides, and more extensively striped pectoral zone, the mark- ings being, besides, narrower and more elongated. J. Mogensen having obtained breeding specimens of both in December, 1924, at Las Pavas, A. h. hellmayri and A. bogotensis shiptoni clearly are specifically different. A. h. hellmayri breeds in the Puna zone of Tucuman. In addition to the specimens in Field Museum, I have examined an adult male in very worn breeding plumage shot by the late G. A. Baer in February, 1903, at Lagunita (alt. 13,000 ft.). During the severe season this pipit descends to lower altitudes. Additional material examined. — Tucuman: Lagunita, 1; Puerto Viejo, Norco, Vipos (alt. 4,000 ft.), 1; Rio Sali (alt. 1,800 ft.), 3. 100 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Anthus hellmayri Hartert,1 Nov. Zool., 16, p. 165, 1909 — Tucuman=Rio Sali, Prov. Tucuman (type in Tring Museum) ; Dabbene, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 244, 1913— Argentina; Hartert, Nov. Zool., 26, p. 168, 1919— Tucuman. Anthus bogotensis (not of Sclater) Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 173, 1902— Agua de la Tipa (alt. 880 meters), Tucuman; idem, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, p. 40, 1905 — Agua de la Tipa; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 367, 1910 — Agua de la Tipa (ex Lillo). Anthus correndera (not of Vieillot) Baer, Ornis, 12, p. 214, 1904 — Lagunita, Tucuman (spec, in Berlepsch Collection examined). Anthus hellmayri hellmayri Hellmayr, El Hornero, 2, p. 189, 1921 — Norco, Vipos, Rio Sali, and Lagunita, Tucuman (monog.). Range. — Northwestern Argentina, in Province of Tucuman (Lagunita, Las Pavas, Norco, Vipos, Rio Sali, Concepcion, etc.); (?) Bolivia. 15: Argentina, Tucuman (Concepcion, 13; Las Pavas, 2). *Anthus hellmayri dabbenei Hellmayr.2 DABBENE'S PIPIT. Anthus hellmayri dabbenei Hellmayr, El Hornero, 2, p. 191, 1921 — Rio Traful, Neuquen, western Argentina (type in Senckenbergian Natural History Museum, Frankfort); Giacomelli, I.e., 3, p. 67, 1923 — La Rioja; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 43, 1932— Rio Lolen (Lonquimai Valley), Cautin, Chile, and Valle del Lago Blanco, western Chubut (crit.). Range. — Breeds in western Chubut (Valle del Lago Blanco), western Neuquen (Rio Traful) (and doubtless other parts of western Argentina), and in the adjacent section of Chile (Lonquimai Valley, Cautin); winters in the provinces of Santa F6 (Las Rosas), La Rioja, and Tucuman (Concepcion). 1 Although the Brazilian form, " Anthus chii" auct., was considered the same, Hartert's diagnosis was exclusively based on three examples from the vicinity of Tucuman City. 1 Anthus hellmayri dabbenei Hellmayr: Similar to A. h. hellmayri, but light- colored apical area on lateral rectrices nearly pure white, at best with a faint buffy tinge. In opposition to what obtains in the typical form, the penultimate rectrix always shows a distinct white apical spot. Wing, 76-77, (female) 70-76; tail, 58-64; bill, 10-11. Breeding adults of this form we have seen from western Chubut (Valle del Lago Blanco, Nov. 6, 1900) and Neuquen (Rio Traful, Dec. 12, 1907), and a full-grown young bird was obtained by C. C. Sanborn on. February 11, 1924, at Rio Lolen, Lonquimai Valley, in the Chilean Province of Cautin. In winter, this pipit migrates northward and hibernates in the plains of Tucuman, where numerous specimens have been collected at Concepcion in May, June, and August. A male shot by Robin Kemp on October 18, 1916, at Las Rosas, Santa Fe, probably was on migration. Additional specimens examined, — Argentina: Valle del Lago Blanco, Chubut, 1; Rio Traful, Neuquen, 1; Concepcion, Tucuman, 1. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 101 5: Argentina (Las Rosas, Santa F^, 1; Conception, 3); Chile (Rio Lolen, Lonquimai Valley, Cautin, 1). *Anthus hellmayri brasilianus Hellmayr.1 BRAZILIAN PIPIT. Anthus hellmayri brasilianus Hellmayr, El Hornero, 2, p. 190, 1921 — Campos do Itatiaya, "Rio de Janeiro," Brazil (type in Munich Museum); Holt, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 57, p. 315, 1928— Serra do Itatiaya. Anthus chii (not of Vieillot) Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 119, 1856— Brazil (good descr.); Sclater, Ibis, 1878, p. 359— Curytiba, Parana (crit.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 608, 1885— Curytiba; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 116, 1899 — Sao Lourengo, Rio Grande do Sul (spec, examined); idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 132, 1899 — Ypi- ranga, Sao Paulo; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 330, 1907 — Espirito Santo (Santa Leopoldina), "Rio de Janeiro" (Itatiaya), Sao Paulo (Ypiranga), and "Buenos Aires"; Miranda Ribeiro, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 13, p. 184, 1906 — Morro dos Carneiros and Retiro do Ramos, Itatiaya; Liiderwaldt, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), 27, p. 355, 1909 — Itatiaya; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 367, 1910 — part, Barracas al Sud, Buenos Aires. Anthus rufus (?) (not Alauda rufa Gmelin) Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 69, 1868 — Casa Pintada, Lanza, Campo Largo, and Curytiba, Parana (spec, examined). Range. — Southeastern Brazil, from Espirito Santo (Santa Leo- poldina) and Sao Paulo (Serra do Itatiaya) south to Rio Grande do Sul; Uruguay; (?) Buenos Aires (Barracas al Sud). 1: Uruguay (Estancia El Corte, 15 km. north of San Carlos, Dept. Maldonado, 1). * Anthus bogotensis bogotensis Sclater. BOGOTA PIPIT. Anthus bogotensis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 109, pi. 101, Aug., 1855 — Santa Fe de Bogota, Colombia (type in collection of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum); idem, I.e., 26, p. 550, 1858 — near Riobamba, Ecuador; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 24, 1862 — Bogota and Titiacun; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 157, 1864 — Ecuador (crit.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 780 — upper Paramo region, Merida, Venezuela; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 322 — Paramos of eastern Andes [=Pamplona], Colombia; Sclater, Ibis, 1878, p. 358 — part, Ecuador (Titiacun, Quito), Colombia (Bogota, Paramo de Pamplona), and Vene- zuela (Andes of Merida); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 603, 1885— 1 Anthus hellmayri brasilianus Hellmayr: Much like A. h. hellmayri, especially in the grayish buffy color of the tail markings, but smaller; the upper parts decidedly buffy brownish, less grayish; the lower parts more evenly washed with buffy, not whitish on the abdomen; the penultimate rectrix always with a grayish buffy apical spot. Wing, 72-75, (female) 66-71; tail, 54-62; bill, 11-12. Additional material examined. — Sao Paulo: Itatiaya, 2; Ypiranga, 1; Itarare, 1. — Parana: Casa Pintada, 1; Lanza, 1; Curytiba, 3; Fazenda Monte Alegre, 1. — Rio Grande do Sul: Sao Lourenco, 2; Camaquam, 1. 102 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII part, Venezuela (Merida), Colombia (Paramo de Pamplona, Bogota, Pasto), and Ecuador (Titiacun, Sical); Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 285 — Cechce, Ecuador; idem, I.e., 1885— p. 74 — San Rafael and Chimborazo, Ecuador; Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 479, 1898 — Cayambe, Ecuador; Salvador! and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 7, 1899— Chaupi (Illiniza), Ecuador; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 313— Valle de Viciosa, Ecuador; Rhoads, Auk, 29, p. 144, 1912 — Paramo of Pichincha, Ecuador; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 554, 1917 — Subia and Choachi, eastern Andes of Colombia; Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 78, 1922— Pichincha, Ecuador; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 604, 1926— Cerro Huamani, Antisana, Chimborazo, Taraguacocha, and Bestion, Ecuador. Anthus bogotensis bogotensis Hellmayr, El Hornero, 2, p. 192, 1921 — part, Venezuela (Sierra of M£rida), Colombia, and Ecuador (crit.). Range. — Paramo zone of extreme western Venezuela (Sierra of Me"rida), eastern Andes of Colombia, and Ecuador.1 3: Venezuela (Teta de Niquitao, Trujillo, 2; Paramo de Tama, Tachira, 1). *Anthus bogotensis immaculatus Cory.2 UNSTREAKED PIPIT. Anthus bogotensis immaculatus Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 345, 1916 — mountains east of Balsas, Dept. Amazonas, Peru (type in Field Museum); Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 108, 1921— La Raya, Puno, and Junin, Peru (crit.); Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 412, 1930 — mountains above Huanuco, Peru (crit.). Anthus rufescens (not of Temminck, 1820) Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 27, 1837 — Yungas, Bolivia (type in Paris Museum examined); d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame"r. M6rid., Ois., p. 226, 1838 — Mount Biscachal, near Carcuata, Dept. La Paz, Bolivia. 1 Birds from western Venezuela agree with "Bogota" skins, and an Ecuadorian series does not differ either. Additional material examined. — Venezuela, Merida: Culata, 2. — Colombia: "Bogotd," 5.— Ecuador: Cechce, 1; "Govinda," 1; "Jima," 4; "Quito," 2. 1 Anthus bogotensis immaculatus Cory: Exceedingly similar to A. b. bogotensis, but perhaps distinguishable by having the flanks less streaked with dusky or even wholly unstreaked, and by the broader as well as more deeply rufescent inner margin to the remiges. I have not enough material to pass a definite judgment on the merits of this form. While the type and an adult female from the Cuzco region have the sides practically unstreaked, and one of our two males from the Huanuco Mountains as well as an adult from Biscachal (near Carcuata), Bolivia, shows only a few scattered streaks on the lower flanks, another male from near Huanuco very closely approaches birds from more northern localities, notably one from Ecuador. The broader, deeper rufescent quill-lining may be a more constant feature of A. 6. immaculatus, but again several Ecuadorian skins are barely separable on this score. For the present I must look upon immaculatus as a rather questionable race. Additional specimens examined. — Peru: Lauramarca, Cuzco, 1. — Bolivia, Dept. La Paz: Biscachal, near Carcuata, 1 (type of A. rufescens Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny); Iquico, Illimani, 2 (juv.)- 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 103 Anthus bogotensis (not of Sclater) Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 508 — Maraynioc, Junin, Peru; Sclater, Ibis, 1878, p. 357 — part, Peru (Maraynioc, Junin) and Bolivia (Biscachal); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 593 — Mount Biscachal, near Carcuata, Bolivia (ex d'Orbigny); Taczanowski, I.e., 1880, p. 191 — Cutervo, Peru; idem, Orn. Per., 1, p. 457, 1884 — Peru (Maraynioc and near Cutervo); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 603, 1885— part, Peru (Junfn) and Bolivia; Salvin, Nov. Zool., 2, p. 3, 1895 — Cajamarca and Huamachuco, Peru; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 330 — Mar- aynioc (crit.). Anthus bogotensis bogotensis Hellmayr, El Hornero, 2, p. 192, 1921 — part, Peru (Lauramarca) and Bolivia (Iquico and Carcuata, Yungas of La Paz); idem, Nov. Zool., 30, p. 225, 1923— Yungas, Bolivia (crit.). Range. — Paramo zone of Peru, from depts. of Amazonas and Cajamarca southwards, and western Bolivia (Dept. La Paz).1 3 : Peru (mountains east of Balsas, 1 ; mountains above Huanuco, 2). *Anthus bogotensis shiptoni (Chubb).2 SHIPTON'S PIPIT. Notiocorys bogotensis shiptoni Chubb, El Hornero, 3, No. 1, pp. 34, 35, pi. 1, fig. 3, Feb., 1923— Aconquija (alt. 13,000 ft.), Tucuman (type in British Museum). Anthus bogotensis subsp. nov. Hellmayr, El Hornero, 2, p. 193, 1921 — Acon- quija (crit.). Range. — Puna zone of northwestern Argentina, in Province of Tucuman (Aconquija, Las Pavas). 11: Argentina (Aconquija, 6; Las Pavas, 5). Family BOMBYCILLIDAE. Waxwings Genus BOMBYCILLA Vieillot Bombycilla Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Amer. Sept., 1, "1807," p. 88, pub. 1808— type, by monotypy, Bombycilla cedrorum Vieillot. Bombycivora Temminck, Hist. Nat. Pig. Gall., 2, p. 249, footnote, 1813 — species, B. garrula and B. cedrorum; idem, Man. d'Orn., p. 76, 1815. 1 An additional race, based on a single specimen from Oconeque, Dept. Puno, Peru, has recently been described as Anthus bogotensis pallidus by Carriker (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 85, p. 34, 1933). 1 Anthus bogotensis shiptoni (Chubb): Similar to A. b. immaculatus in absence or reduction of dusky streaks on the flanks; but considerably paler below, the throat, middle of breast, and abdomen decidedly whitish, the chest and flanks paler buffy, and the dusky pectoral streaks smaller as well as less numerous; the rufescent inner margin to the remiges obsolete, even more so than in A. b. bogotensis. Wing, 81-85, (female) 78-82; tail, 59-65; bill, 11-12. Additional material examined. — Tucuman: Aconquija, 5. 104 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Bombyciphora Meyer, Beschr. Vog. Liv.- und Esthlands, p. 104, 1815 — type, by monotypy, Bombyciphora poliocoelia Meyer=AmpeJis garrulus Linnaeus. *Bombycilla garrula pallidiceps Reichenow. BOHEMIAN WAXWING. Bombycilla garrula pallidiceps Reichenow, Orn. Monatsber., 16, p. 191, 1908 — Shesly River, northern British Columbia (type in Berlin Museum); Oberholser, Auk, 36, p. 333, 1917— North America (crit.). Ampelis garrulus (not Lanius garrulus Linnaeus) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 212, 1885— part, Nearctic region; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 105, 1904 — part, American references and localities (monog., full bibliog.). Range. — Northern North America, from western Alaska to northern Mackenzie and northeastern Manitoba south to southern British Columbia and southern Alberta; in winter east to Nova Scotia and south irregularly to Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Kansas, Colorado, California, and Arizona. 22: Canada (Red Deer, Alberta, 1; Okanagan Landing, British Columbia, 3) ; Montana (Townsend, 1) ; Colorado (El Jerbel, Eagle County, 3); Nebraska (Gresham, York County, 1); Minnesota (Hewitt, 1; Minneapolis, 5); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 2); Illinois (Waukegan, 3); Indiana (Kouts, 1); New York (Mexico, 1). *Bombycilla cedrorum Vieillot. CEDAR WAXWING. Bombycilla cedrorum Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Amer. Sept., 1, "1807," p. 88, pi. 57, pub. 1808 — "en Ame'rique depuis le Canada jusqu' au Mexique, et meme ... a Caienne" (errore). Ampelis americana Wilson, Amer. Orn., 1, p. 107, pi. 7, fig. 1, 1808 (later than Sept. 1) — Pennsylvania (type in Peale's Museum, probably lost). Bombyciphora xanthocoelia Meyer, Beschr. Vog. Liv.- und Esthl., p. 105 (in text), 1815 — North America. Ampelis pinetorum Meyer, Beschr. Vog. Liv.- und Esthl., p. 105 (in text), 1815 (erroneous quotation of B. cedrorum Vieillot). Bombycilla carolinensis Stephens, in Shaw, Gen. Zool., 10, (2), p. 422, 1817 — Carolina to Mexico. Ampelis cedrorum Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 215, 1885 (monog.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 109, 1904 (monog., full bibliog.). Range. — North America, from central British Columbia, Alberta, and Manitoba, northern Ontario, southern Quebec, and Cape Breton Island south to northwestern California, northern New Mexico, Kansas, northern Arkansas, North Carolina, and northern Georgia; L935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 105 frintering throughout the United States and southward to Cuba, Mexico, Lower California, and Panama; accidental in the Bahamas, Bermudas, Jamaica, and the British Isles. 73: Maine (Upton, 3); Massachusetts (Duxbury, 2; Brookline, 1); New York (Peterboro, 3; Auburn, 1); New Jersey (Englewood, 1); Florida (Santa Rosa, 6; Mary Esther, 4; Key West, 1; Nassau County, 4; Amelia Island, 4); Mississippi (Holly Springs,!); Cali- fornia (San Jose", 1 ; Corona, 1) ; Oregon (Salem, 1) ; Canada (Okanagan Landing, British Columbia, 1; Hastings Lake, Alberta, 1); Wisconsin [Beaver Dam, 13; Milton, 1); Illinois (Joliet, 3; Mound City, 1; Lake Forest, 2; South Chicago, 2; Henry, 1; Momence, 1); Bahama Islands (Berry Islands, 1) ; West Indies (Little Cayman, 1) ; Mexico 'Iguala, Guerrero, 3; Mexico City, 2; Jalapa, 1); Guatemala (Volcan Fajamulco, San Marcos, 3); Nicaragua (San Rafael del Norte, 2). Family PTILOGONATIDAE. Silky Flycatchers Genus PTILOGONYS Swainson Ptilogonys Swainson, "Cat. Exhib. called Modern Mexico, App., p. 4, 1824"1 — type, by monotypy, Ptilogonys cinereus Swainson; idem, Nat. Hist. Class., Bds., 2, p. 224, 1837. Ptiliogonys Swainson, Phil. Mag., (n.s.), 1, p. 368, May, 1827 — type, by monotypy, Ptiliogonys cinereus Swainson. Ptilogonatus Swainson, Zool. Journ., 3, No. 10, p. 164, Sept., 1827 — type, by orig. desig., P. cinereus Swainson. Sphenotelus Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 412, 1866 — type, by orig. desig., Ptilogonys caudatus Cabanis. "Ptilogonys cinereus cinereus Swainson. MEXICAN PTILOGONYS. Ptilogonys cinereus Swainson, "Cat. Exhib. called Modern Mexico, App., p. 4, 1824"1 — Mexico (type in Bullock Collection); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 412, 1866 — part, Mexico (Sierra de Colima; Orizaba and Cordova, Vera Cruz); Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, p. 548, 1869 — alpine region of Vera Cruz; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 217, 1883— part, Mexico; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 222, 1883— part, Mexico; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 10, p. 26, 1898— Jalapa (habits). Ptiliogonys cinereus Swainson, Phil. Mag., (n.s.), 1, p. 368, May, 1827 — tableland of Mexico, Real del Monte; idem, Zool. Illust., (2), 2, pi. 62 1 1 have not been able to consult this scarce publication. Sherborn (Ind. A.nim., 2nd sect., p. XXXIV, 1922) states that not one of the various copies seen by him contains the appendix, in which Swainson is supposed to have first de- scribed the Mexican Ptilogonys, and quotes the spelling "Ptilogonys" from Nat. Hist. Class. Bds., 2, p. 224, 1837. I am consequently in doubt as to the correct Drthography of the generic name. 106 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII (=female), 1831— Mexico; idem, I.e., (2), 3, pL 102 (= male), 1833— Real del Monte, Mexico; Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 139, 1886— Teziutlan, Puebla, and Jalapa, Vera Cruz. Hypothymis chrysorrhoea (Lichtenstein MS.) Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PL Col., livr. 76, pi. 452, 1828 — Mexique (type in the Leiden Museum).1 Ptilogonys cinereus dnereus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 115, 1904 — part, central and southern Mexico (monog., full bibliog.). Range. — Subtropical and Temperate zones of central and southern sections of Mexico, in states of Durango, Zacatecas, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Puebla, Mexico, Vera Cruz, Oaxaca, Colima, Jalisco, and Morelos.2 4: Mexico (Jalapa, 1; Mexico City, 1; unspecified, 2). *Ptilogonys cinereus molybdophanes Ridgway. GUATEMALAN PTILOGONYS. Ptiliogonys cinereus molybdophanes Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Bds., p. 464 (footnote 1), 1887 — Guatemala (type in U. S. National Museum). Ptilogonys cinereus molybdophanes Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 117, 1904 — Guatemala (monog.); Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 123, 1907 — above Tecpam and road from Lake Atitlan to Tecpam, Guatemala; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 322, 1932— San Mateo, Guatemala City, and San Lucas, western Guatemala. Ptilogonys cinereus (not of Swainson) Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 13 — Guatemala; idem, Ibis, 1860, p. 31 — "Coban" and Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 412, 1866 — part, Duenas, Guatemala; Boucard, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, (n.s.), 25, p. 41, 1878 — oak forests of Guatemala; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 217, 1883 — part, Guatemala (Volcan de Fuego, Duenas, Volcan de Agua, Sumpango, Barranco Hondo, and above Totonicapam) ; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 222, 1885— part, Guatemala. Range. — Subtropical and Temperate zones of western Guatemala. 11: Guatemala ("Coban, Alta Vera Paz," 1); Tecpam, Chimal- tenango, 10). *Ptilogonys caudatus Cabanis. COSTA RICAN PTILOGONYS. Ptilogonys caudatus Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 8, for Nov., 1860, p. 402, pub., May, 1861 — Irazu, Costa Rica (type in Berlin Museum); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 413, 1866— "San Jose" and Rancho Redondo, Costa 1 Hypothymis mexicanus Lichtenstein (Preis-Verz. Saug., Vog., etc., Mexico, p. 2, 1831; Journ. Orn., 11, p. 58, 1863), cited as a synonym by authors, is a nomen nudum without nomenclatorial standing. 2 Since the above was written, a race from Chilpancingo, Guerrero, has been separated as P. c. pallescens by Griscom (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 75, p. 398, 1934). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 107 Rica; Sclater and Salvin, Exot. Orn., p. 11, pi. 6, 1866— Costa Rica (Rancho Redondo, Volcan de Cartago); Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 97, 1868— "San Jose" and Volcan "Yrazei" [= Irazu], Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 295, 1869 — Volcan de Irazu (habits); Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 185 — south slope of Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama; Boucard, I.e., 1878, p. 53 — Volcan de Irazu and Navarro, Costa Rica; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 219, 1883 — Costa Rica and Panama (Volcan de Chiriqui) ; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 224, 1885 — Costa Rica and Panama; Zeled6n, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 108, 1887— Costa Rica (Volcan de Irazu, La Palma de San Jose1, Rancho Redondo de San Jose1); Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 58, 1902— Volcan de Chiriqui (alt. 10,000 to 11,000 ft.), Panama (habits); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 118, 1904 — Costa Rica and Chiriqui (monog.); Ferry, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 273, 1910— Volcan de Turrialba, Costa Rica; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 785, 1910 — Costa Rica (high volcanoes, just below timberline). Range. — Upper Subtropical and Temperate zones of Costa Rica and extreme western Panama (Volcan de Chiriqui).1 10: Costa Rica (Volcan de Irazu, 1; Volcan de Turrialba, 8); Panama (Chiriqui, 1). Genus PHAINOPEPLA Baird Phainopepla (Sclater MS.) Baird, Rep. Expl. Surv. R. R. Pac., 9, p. 923, 1858 — type, by orig. desig., Ptilogonys nitens Swainson; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 26, "1858," p. 543, pub. Jan. to May, 1859 — same type. Phaenopepla Coues, Ibis, (n.s.), 1, p. 163, 1865 — emendation. Phainopepla nitens nitens (Swainson). MEXICAN PHAINOPEPLA. Ptilogonys nitens Swainson, Anim. Menag., p. 285, Dec. 31, 1837 — Mexico (type in coll. of W. Swainson, now in University Museum, Cambridge, England). Lepturus galeatus Lesson, Rev. Zool., 2, p. 42, 1839 — "Mexico republicana" (type in coll. of Dr. Abeille, Bordeaux). Cichlopsis nitens Baird, Rep. Expl. Surv. R. R. Pac., 9, p. 320, 1858 — part, Coahuila, Mexico. Phainopepla nitens Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 173 — Mexico City; Duges, La Naturaleza, 1, p. 141, 1868 — Guanajuato; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 220, 1883 — part, Mexico (Coa- huila, Guanajuato, valley of Mexico, Orizaba, Cimapan, Mirador); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 220, 1885— part, central Mexico; Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 139, 1886— Rancho del Aguacate *A single specimen from the Volcan de Chiriqui appears to agree with a Costa Rican series. 108 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII and Huehuetlan, Puebla; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 120, 1904 — part, Mexican plateau and references to localities in south- ern Mexico; Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 22, p. 178, 1906— Rosario, Las Bocas, Matalotes, and Rancho Baillon, northwestern Durango (crit., meas.). Phaenopepla nitens Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 416, 1866 — part, Mexico (Mirador); Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, p. 548, 1869— valley of Orizaba, and Tehuantepec, Puebla. Range. — Central and southern Mexico, in states of Coahuila, San Luis Potosi, Durango, Guanajuato, Mexico, Puebla, and Vera Cruz. *Phainopepla nitens lepida van Tyne.1 NORTHERN PHAINOPEPLA. Phainopepla nitens lepida van Tyne, Occas. Pap. Bost. Soc. N. H., 5, p. 149, 1925 — Riverside, California (type in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 191, 1928— Lower California; van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 279, 1931 — Saric, Obreg6n, Tesia, Chinobampo, El Alamo, about ten miles west of Magdalena, fifteen miles southwest of Nogales, and Guaymas, Sonora. Cichlopsis nitens (not Ptilogonys nitens Swainson) Baird, Rep. Expl. Surv. R. R. Pac., 9, p. 320, 1858 — part, California, New Mexico, and Colorado Delta (crit.). Phainopepla nitens Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 220, 1883 — part, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Lower and southern California; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 220, 1885— part, southern United States; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 120, 1904— part, southwestern United States (monog.). Phaenopepla nitens Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 416, 1866 — part, North American localities (crit.). Range. — Southwestern United States, from central California, southern Utah, and central western Texas southwards to Cape San Lucas in Lower California and into extreme northwestern Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua); casual in central Nevada and northern California. 46: Arizona (Phoenix, 7; Gila County, 1; Tucson, 1; Fairbank, 1; Fort Lowell, 2; Calabasas, 16); California (Oroville, Butte County, 2; Amador County, 2; Newcastle, 3; Corona, 2; Claremont, 1; New River, 1; Paicines, 1; near Plymouth, 1); Mexico (La Paz, Lower California, 3; Cerro Blanco, Sonora, 1; Bastillos, Chihuahua, 1). 1 Phainopepla nitens lepida van Tyne: Similar to P. n. nitens, but decidedly smaller. Wing, 88-96, (female) 87-95; tail, 86-98, (female) 84-93. . 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 109 Genus PHAINOPTILA Salvin Phainoptila Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, p. 367 — type, by orig. desig., Phainoptila melanoxantha Salvin. *Phainoptila melanoxantha melanoxantha Salvin. SALVIN'S PHAINOPTILA. Phainoptila melanoxantha Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, p. 367 — Costa Rica [= San Francisco] (type in Salvin-Godman Collection, now in British Museum); Rowley, Orn. Misc., 2, Part 7, p. 439, pi. 79, 1877— Costa Rica; Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 53 — Navarro and Rancho Redondo, Costa Rica; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 219, pi. 14, 1883 — Costa Rica (San Francisco, Irazu; Navarro, Rancho Redondo); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 219, 1885 — Costa Rica (Irazu); Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 108, 1887 — La Palma de San Jos6 and Rancho Redondo de San Jos6, Costa Rica; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 339, p. 3, 1899— Chiriqui; Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 58, 1902— Boquete and Volcan de Chiriquf, Panama; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 124, 1904— highlands of Costa Rica and Chiriqui (monog.); Ferry, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 273, 1910— Volcan de Turrialba, Costa Rica; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 786, 1910 — Volcan de Turrialba, San Juan de Irazu, La Estrella de Cartago, Burgos de Irazu, Escazu, Azahar de Cartago, Volcan de Irazu, Ujurras de T&raba, and La Hondura, Costa Rica (habits). Range. — Highlands of Costa Rica and extreme western Panama (Volcan de Chiriqui). 10: Costa Rica (Volcan de Turrialba, 7; Volcan de Irazu, 3). Phainoptila melanoxantha minor Griscom.1 LESSER PHAINOPTILA. Phainoptila melanoxantha minor Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 141, p. 8, 1924 — Cerro Flores, eastern Chiriqui, Panama (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York). Range. — Highlands of western Panama (Cerro Flores, eastern Chiriqui). 1 Phainoptila melanoxantha minor Griscom: "Similar to P. m. melanoxantha, but on average smaller; female with hindneck more extensively gray of a slightly darker shade; rump, upper tail coverts, and edgings to tail feathers slightly greener, less yellow. Wing, 94^-97, (female) 92-96; tail, 78-85, (female) 76-84; bill, 14-15." (Griscom, I.e.). We are not acquainted with this race. Specimens from Chiriqui are obviously inseparable from typical Costa Rican birds. 110 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Family DULIDAE. Palm Chats Genus DULUS Vieillot Dulus Vieillot, Anal. Nouv. Orn. Elem., p. 42, 1816 — type, by orig. desig., "Tangara esclave" Buffon = Tanagra dominica Linnaeus. *Dulus dominicus dominicus (Linnaeus). PALM CHAT. Tanagra dominica Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 316, 1766 — based on "Le Tangara de S. Domingue" Brisson, Orn., 3, p. 37, pi. 2, fig. 4, and "Tangara, de St. Domingue" Daubenton, PL Enl., pi. 156, fig. 2; Santo Domingo. Tanagra mancipium Hermann, Tab. Aff. Anim., p. 211, 1783 — based on "L'Esclave" Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois. (ed. Impr. Roy.), 5, p. 21; Saint Domingue. Turdus gujanensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 809, 1789 — based on "La Grive de la Guyane" Buffon and Daubenton, PL Enl., pi. 398, fig. 1; "Guiana," errore. Dulus palmarum Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., 10, p. 435, 1817 — new name for Tanagra dominica Linnaeus; Lafresnaye, Rev. Mag. ZooL, (2), 3, p. 583, 1851 (habits, affinities). Dulus nuchalis Swainson, Anim. Menag., p. 345, Dec. 31, 1837 — "Brazil" (type in coll. of Swainson, now in University Museum, Cambridge, England); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 219, 1885— "said to be from Brazil" (crit.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 127, 1904 (ex Swainson); Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 510 (in text), 1928 (crit.; = albinistic specimen). Dulus dominicus Strickland, Contrib. Orn., 1851, p. 103 (systematic position); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 403, 1866 — Haiti (Jeremie and Port-au- Prince) and Santo Domingo; Cory, Bds. Haiti and San Dom., p. 51, pi. 21, fig. 4, 1885 — Santo Domingo (Samana) and Haiti (Le Coup); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 218, 1885 — Santo Domingo (monog.); Cory, Bds. W. Ind., p. 78, 1889— Haiti (monog.); Cherrie, Field Columb. Mus., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 13, 1896 — Santo Domingo (habits); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 126, 1904— Haiti (monog.) ; Verrill and Verrill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 61, p. 364, 1909— Santo Domingo (habits); Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. ZooL, 61, p. 417, 1917— Monte Cristo, Bulla, and Sosua, Santo Domingo (habits); Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 509, 1928— part, Haiti (from sea level to 6,000 ft. alt., habits); Danforth, Auk, 46, p. 372, 1929 — Santo Domingo and Haina, Hispaniola; Wetmore and Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 345, pi. 23, 1931— island of Haiti (monog., full bibliog., habits, food, nest, and eggs); Wet- more, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 81, art. 2, p. 32, 1932— Petit Trou de Nippes, Haiti. Range. — Island of Haiti, Greater Antilles. 105: Santo Domingo (Santo Domingo, 37; Aguacate, 21; Hon- duras, 6; San Cristobal, 5; Fuerte Resoli, 1; Catare, 11; Samana, 7; Puerto Plata, 4); Haiti (Kenscoff, 2; Diquini, 1; unspecified, 10). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 111 Dulus dominicus oviedo Wetmore.1 GONAVE PALM CHAT. Dulus dominicus oviedo Wetmore, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 117, 1929 — Pikmy [=Picmy], Gonave Island (type in U. S. National Museum); idem and Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 351, 1931— Gonave Island (monog.). Dulus dominicus (not Tanagra dominica Linnaeus) Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 509, 1928— part, Gonave Island. Range. — Gonave Island, off Haiti, Greater Antilles. Family VIREONIDAE. Vireos Genus VIREO Vieillot Vireo Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Ame"r. Sept., 1, "1807," p. 83, pub. 1808— type, by subs, desig. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., p. 33, 1840), Vireo musicus Vieillot = Muscicapa noveboracensis Gmelin = Tanagra grisea Boddaert. Vireosylva Bonaparte, Geog. Comp. List Bds. Eur. North Amer., p. 26, 1838— type, by subs, desig. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 2nd ed., p. 44, 1841), Vireo olivaceus auct. = Vireo virescens Vieillot. Phyllomanes Cabanis, Arch. Naturg., 13, (1), p. 321, 1847 — new name for Vireosylva Bonaparte. Vireosylvia Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, p. 329, 1850 — emendation of Vireosylva Bonaparte. Lanivireo Baird, Rep. Expl. Surv. R. R. Pac., 9, p. 329, 1858 — type, by orig. desig., Vireo flavifrons Vieillot. Vireonella Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 369, 1866 — type, by orig. desig., Vireo gundlachii Lembeye. *Vireo atricapillus Woodhouse. BLACK-CAPPED VIREO. Vireo atricapilla Woodhouse, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 6, p. 60, 1852 — San Pedro River, 208 miles from San Antonio, on the road to El Paso del Norte, Texas (type in U. S. National Museum); idem, in Sitgreaves' Expl. Zuni and Col. R., p. 75, pi. 1, 1853— San Pedro River. Vireo atricapillus Cassin, Illust. Bds. Calif., etc., p. 153, pi. 24, 1854 — Texas; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 353, 1866— southern border of Texas (crit.); Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 4, p. 99, 1879— Comal County, Texas (nest and eggs descr.); Coues, I.e., 4, p. 193, pi. 1, 1879 — Comal County, Texas; Ragsdale, I.e., 5, p. 239, 1880— Red River, Texas; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 199, 1881 — Texas and Mazatlan, Mexico; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 300, 1883— Texas to Mexico; Goss, Auk, 2, p. 274, 1885 — Comanche County, Kansas (nesting habits); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 181, 1904— Kansas to Texas and Mexico (monog.); Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 83, 1911 — Santa Leonor, 1 Dulus dominicus oviedo Wetmore: Similar to D. d. dominicus, but on average somewhat larger with heavier bill, and upper parts more grayish brown, especially rump and tail coverts less extensively washed with greenish. Wing, 90-92, (female) 88-94; tail, 72-80. 112 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Tamaulipas; Lacey, I.e., p. 215, 1911 — Kerrville, Texas; Smith, Auk, 33, p. 191, 1916— Kerr County, Texas. Range. — Breeds from southwestern Kansas to central Texas, and winters probably in Mexico (Santa Leonor, Tamaulipas; Mazatlan, Sinaloa; Volcano of Toluca, Mexico). Accidental in Nebraska. 5: Texas (Kerrville, 4; Gainesville, 1). *Vireo bairdi Ridgway. BAIRD'S VIREO. Vireo bairdi Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 3, p. 22, 1885 — Cozumel Island (type in U. S. National Museum); idem, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, p. 565, 1885 — Cozumel (full descr.); Salvin, Ibis, 1888, p. 254— Cozumel; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 180, 1904— Cozumel (monog.); Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 236, p. 11, 1926 — Cozumel (crit., song). Range. — Cozumel Island, Yucatan. 3: Cozumel Island. *Vireo griseus griseus (Boddaert).1 WHITE-EYED VIREO. Tanagra grisea Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., p. 45, Dec., 1783 — based on "Tan- gara olive, de la Louisiane" Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 714, fig. 1; Louisiana. Muscicapa noveboracensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 947, 1789— based on "Green Fly-catcher" Pennant, Arct. Zool., 2, p. 389; New York. Vireo musicus Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amer. Sept., 1, "1807," p. 83, pi. 52, 1808— North America (type in coll. of P. L. Vieillot). Muscicapa cantatrix Wilson, Amer. Orn., 2, p. 166, pi. 18, fig. 6, 1810 — Pennsylvania (type in Peale's Museum, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 344, 1930). Vireo noveboracensis Gundlach, Journ. Orn., 3, p. 469, 1855 — Cuba (one record); Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1860, p. 274 — Coban, Guatemala (one spec.); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 200, 1881 — part, United States, Mexico, Guatemala (Coban), and Cuba; Cory, Auk, 4, p. 181, 1887— St. Andrews. Vireo noveboracensis noveboracensis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 183, 1904 (monog., full bibliog.); Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 235, p. 16, 1926 — Yucatan; idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 318, 1932 — Coban, Guatemala. Vireo griseus griseus Todd and Worthington, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 7, pp. 428, 458, 1911 — Staniard Creek, Andros Island, Bahamas; Phillips, Auk, 28, 1 Messrs. Worthington and Todd (Wilson Bull., 38, pp. 222-223, 1926), after studying a series of breeding birds from southern Florida and Key West, came to the conclusion that they were inseparable from topotypical Louisiana specimens. They consequently consider V. g. maynardi to be synonymous with V. g. griseus, the range of which would seem to extend along the Atlantic coast as far north as South Carolina (Summerville), whereas the name V. g. noveboracensis (Gmelin) is revived for the form of the northern United States, which differs in brighter upper parts and deeper as well as more extensive greenish yellow sides and flanks. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 113 p. 83, 1911 — San Fernando and Altamira, Tamaulipas; Peters, I.e., 30, p. 377, 1913 — Xcopen and Camp Mengel, Quintana Roo; Todd, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 10, p. 256, 1916 — Caleta Grande and Nueva Gerona, Isle of Pines; Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 108, 1923— Cuba (acci- dental); Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 67, p. 483, 1927 — Presidio, Vera Cruz; idem, I.e., 68, p. 400, 1928 — Chivela, Oaxaca; Peters, I.e., 69, p. 460, 1929— Tela, Honduras (March). Range. — Breeds chiefly in Austral zones from southeastern Nebraska, southern Wisconsin, Ohio, New York, and Massachusetts to central Texas and southern Florida; winters from Texas, Alabama, southern Georgia, Florida, and South Carolina south through eastern Mexico to eastern Guatemala (Coban; one record) and Honduras (Tela; one record); casual in Michigan, Vermont, Ontario, New Brunswick, Bahama Islands (Andros), Cuba, the Isle of Pines, and St. Andrews. 96: Massachusetts (Maldon, 1; Ipswich, 1); New York (Shelter Island, 1); District of Columbia (Washington, 1); North Carolina (Raleigh, 3); Tennessee (Waverly, 1); Florida (Puntarasa, 5; Seven Oaks, 1; Banana River, 1; Town Point, Santa Rosa Island, 2; Mary Esther, 7; East Pass, 4; Rosewood, 2; Enterprise, 2; West Jupiter, 2; Merritt, 1; Gainesville, 1; Palm Beach, 1; Lake Worth, 1); Georgia (West End, 1); Mississippi (Vicksburg, 9; Holly Springs, 8); Louisiana (Buras, 1); Texas (Corpus Christi, 11; Fort Clark, 1; Fort Worth, 5); Arkansas (Winslow, 1; Cleburne, 1); Illinois (Henry, 2; Grand Chain, 7; Mound City, 1; Olive Branch, 6); Mexico (Cozumel Island, 1; Vera Cruz, 1); St. Andrews, 2. *Vireo griseus maynardi Brewster. KEY WEST VIREO. Vireo noveboracensis maynardi Brewster, Auk, 4, p. 148, 1887 — Key West, Florida (type in U. S. National Museum); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 186, 1904 (monog.). Range. — Florida Keys.1 18: Florida (Key West, 18). Vireo griseus bermudianus Bangs and Bradlee. BERMUDA VIREO. Vireo bermudianus Bangs and Bradlee, Auk, 18, p. 252, 1901 — Hamilton, Bermuda (type in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.). 1 Birds from the west coast of Florida, north to Tarpon Springs, which are more or less intermediate between griseus and maynardi, have been referred to the latter form by Scott and Ridgway. Cf. Scott, Auk, 5, p. 187, 1888; idem, Auk, 7, pp. 15, 312, 1890. The fourth edition of the A. O. U. Check List (1931) restricts the range of V. g. maynardi to the Florida Keys. Cf., however, Worthington and Todd (Wilson Bull., 38, pp. 222-223, 1926), whose conclusions appear to be well founded. 114 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Vireo noteboracensis bermudianus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 185, 1904 (monog., full bibliog.). Vireo griseus bermudiamts Bradlee and Mowbray, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 38, p. 350, 1931— Bermudas (habits). Range. — Resident on the Bermuda Islands. *Vireo griseus micrus Nelson. SMALL WHITE-EYED VIREO. Vireo noveboracensis micrus Nelson, Auk, 16, p. 30, 1899 — Victoria, Tamau- lipas (type in U. S. National Museum); Mearns, Auk, 19, p. 87, 1902 — southern Texas (crit.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 186, 1904 — Rio Grande Valley of Texas and northeastern Mexico (monog., full bibliog.). Vireo griseus micrus Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 83, 1911 — Matamoros, San Fernando, Guiaves, Rio Santa, Caballeros, Santa Leonor, Rio Martinez, Rio Cruz, and Altamira, Tamaulipas (crit.). Range. — Rio Grande Valley, Texas, south to Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon, and San Luis Potosi, eastern Mexico. 8: Texas (Ingram, 1; Harlingen, 2; Brownsville, 1); Mexico (Matamoros, 2; Tamaulipas, 2). Vireo griseus perquisitor Nelson.1 VERA CRUZ VIREO. Vireo perquisitor Nelson, Auk, 17, p. 267, 1900 — Papantla, Vera Cruz (type in U. S. National Museum); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 187, 1904— Papantla. Range. — Tropical zone of northern Vera Cruz (Papantla), eastern Mexico. * Vireo griseus crassirostris (Bryant).2 LARGE-BILLED VIREO. Lanivireo crassirostris Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 7, p. 112, 1859 — New Providence, Bahama Islands (cotypes in U. S. National Museum and in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 67, p. 206, 1925); Cory, Bds. Bahama Isl., p. 83, 1890— Bahamas. 1 Vireo griseus perquisitor Nelson, known from a single specimen taken at Papantla in March, appears to be a dark-colored race, with strongly yellowish under parts, of the White-eyed Vireo. * I cannot see in this "species" anything but a well-marked resident form of the North American bird with larger bill and more uniform under parts, since it is approached in certain characters by V. g. maynardi, of the Florida Keys. I fully agree with Mr. Todd that subdivision of the Bahama birds is un- warranted, the larger percentage of the yellowish "phase" among the inhabitants of the more eastern islands being hardly of sufficient importance to maintain the distinction of V. g. flavescens. Specimens from the Cayman Islands (alleni) are pronounced by Mr. Bangs, who had ample material for comparison, to be identical with those from the Bahamas. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 115 Vireo alleni Cory, Auk, 3, p. 500, 1886 — Grand Cayman (type in coll. of C. B. Cory, now in Field Museum); idem, Auk, 6, p. 31, 1889 — Little Cayman and Cayman Brae; idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 75, 1889 — Grand Cayman. Vireo crassirostris flavescens Ridgway, Man. N. Amer. Bds., p. 476, 1887 — Conception Island, Cat Island, Green Cay, Rum Cay, and Eleuthera Island, Bahamas (type from Concepci6n Island in U. S. National Museum) ; idem, Auk, 8, pp. 336, 338, 339, 1891— Cat Island, Rum Cay, Green Cay, and Conception Island; idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 191, 1904 — eastern Bahamas (monog.); Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 365, 1905 — Eleuthera, Green Cay, Long Island, Cat Island, Concepci6n Island, Rum Cay, Great Inagua. Vireo crassirostris Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 368, 1866 — Bahamas (monog.); Cory, Auk, 3, p. 188, 1886— Bahamas (descr.); idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 75, 1889— Bahamas; Northrop and Allen, Auk, 8, p. 70, 1891— Andros Island; Cory, Auk, 8, pp. 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 350, 351, 1891— New Providence, Caicos Island, Inagua, Abacos, Berry Islands, Bimini Islands, Great Bahama, and Eleuthera; Ridgway, Auk, 8, pp. 334, 335, 336, 338, 1891 — Abaco, New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat Island, and Green Cay; Cory, Auk, 9, pp. 48, 49, 1892 — Mariguana and Inagua; Bangs, Auk, 17, p. 289, 1900— Nassau, New Providence (crit.); Bonhote, Ibis, 1903, p. 287— Nassau; Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 365, 1905— Abaco, Eleuthera, New Providence, Highborn Cay, Andros, Green Cay, Pimlico Cay, Cat Island, and Great Inagua. Vireo crassirostris crassirostris Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 189, 1904 — western Bahama Islands (monog.); Todd and Worthington, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 7, pp. 428, 458, 1911 — New Providence, Great Inagua, and Andros (crit.); Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 60, p. 314, 1916 — Grand Cayman, Little Cayman, and Cayman Brae (crit.); Fisher and Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 79, art. 10, p. 16, 1931— Grand Cayman. Vireo crassirostris alleni Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 192, 1904 — Grand Cayman and Cayman Brae (monog.); Lowe, Ibis, 1909, p. 344 — Grand Cayman (crit., song); idem, Ibis, 1911, p. 154 — Cayman Islands. Range. — Bahama Islands and Cayman Islands (Grand Cayman, Little Cayman, Cayman Brae), Greater Antilles. 171: Bahama Islands (Great Bahama, 9; Abaco, 11; Eleuthera, 33; Berry Islands, 6; Nassau, New Providence, 11; Andros, 18; Inagua, 38; Caicos, 8; Mariguana, 17; Bimini, 3); Cayman Islands (Cayman Brae, 11; Grand Cayman, 6). *Vireo griseus approximate Ridgway.1 OLD PROVIDENCE VIREO. 1 Vireo griseus approximans Ridgway is extremely close to V. g. crassirostris, but perhaps distinguishable by its paler coloration and lighter bill. 116 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Vireo approximans Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 7, p. 179, 1884 — Old Providence Island (type in U. S. National Museum); Cory, Auk, 4, p. 180, 1887 — Old Providence. Vireo crassirostris approximans Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 192, 1904 — Old Providence (monog.); Fisher and Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 79, art. 10, p. 16, 1931— Old Providence. Range. — Old Providence Island, Caribbean Sea. 9: Old Providence Island, 9. Vireo griseus tortugae Richmond.1 TORTUGA VIREO. Vireo crassirostris tortugae Richmond, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 68, No. 7, p. 2, 1917 — Tortuga Island, off the northwest coast of Haiti (type in U. S. National Museum); Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 510, 1928— Tortuga (habits, nest, and eggs); Wetmore and Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 352, 1931— Tortuga Island (crit.). Range. — Tortuga (Tortue) Island, off the northwest coast of Hispaniola, Greater Antilles. *Vireo griseus gundlachii Lembeye. GUNDLACH'S VIREO. Vireo gundlachii(i) Lembeye, Aves Isl. Cuba, p. 29, pi. 5, fig. 1, 1850 — Cuba2 (type presumably in the Havana Museum); Gundlach, Journ. Orn., 3, p. 468, 1855 — Cuba; Thienemann, I.e., 5, p. 147, 1857— Cuba (nest and eggs); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 369, 1866 — Fermina, western Cuba; Gundlach, Journ. Orn., 20, p. 404, 1872— Cuba (descr., habits, nest); Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 304, 1883— Cuba; Cory, Auk, 3, p. 188, 1886— Cuba; idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 75, 1889— Cuba; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 4, p. 309, 1892— Trinidad, Cuba (crit., song); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 188, 1904— Cuba; Bangs and Zappey, Amer. Natur., 39, p. 209, 1905 — Cayo Bonito, Isle of Pines (crit.); Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. CL, 6, p. 107, 1923— Cuba (crit.). Vireo gundlachii gundlachii Todd, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 10, p. 255, 1916 — Caleta Grande and Nueva Gerona, Isle of Pines (crit.). (?) Vireo gundlachii orientalis Todd, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 10, p. 256, 1910 — Arroyo Hondo, "Los Canos," Guantanamo, eastern Cuba (type in Car- negie Museum); Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 81, art. 2, p. 32, 1932 — Rio Gibara, Cuba (crit.). 1 Vireo griseus tortugae Richmond: Nearest to V. g. crassirostris, but dorsal surface buffy brown rather than grayish; auriculars and sides of neck Isabella color instead of yellowish olive; under parts decidedly tinged with buff. Dimen- sions about the same. Material examined. — Tortuga Island, 5. 2 Cienfuegos has been suggested as type locality by Todd (Ann. Carnegie Mus., 10, p. 256, in text, 1916). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 117 Range. — Island of Cuba, including Isle of Pines, Greater Antilles.1 5: Cuba (Trinidad, 1; Yzaga, Province of Santa Clara, 1; unspeci- fied, 3). *Vireo griseus modestus Sclater.2 JAMAICAN VIREO. Vireo modestus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 462, 1860 — Jamaica (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum); idem, I.e., 1861, p. 72, pi. 14, fig. 1 — Freeman's Hall and Mahogany Hall, Trelawny, Jamaica; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 43, 1862 — Jamaica; March, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, p. 294 — Jamaica (nest and eggs); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 362, 1866 — Jamaica (monog.); Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 303, 1883— Jamaica; Cory, Auk, 3, p. 187, 1886— Jamaica (descr.); idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 74, 1889— Jamaica; Scott, Auk, 10, p. 339, 1893 — Jamaica; Field, Auk, 11, p. 127, 1894 — Port Henderson, Jamaica (nest); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 200, 1904— Jamaica (monog.); Danforth, Auk, 45, p. 489, 1928 — Lumsden, Jacksontown, Duncan's Bay, Mandeville, and Black River, Jamaica. Vireo noveboracensis (not Muscicapa noveboracensis Gmelin) Gosse, Bds. Jamaica, p. 192, 1847 — Jamaica (habits, song). Range. — Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles. 9: Jamaica. *Vireo griseus semiflavus Salvin.3 PETEN VIREO. Vireo semiflavus Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1863, p. 188 — Peten, eastern Guatemala (type in Salvin-Godman Collection, now in British Museum); idem, Ibis, 1866, p. 193— Peten. Vireo ochraceus semiflavus Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 319, 1932 — Caribbean lowlands from Yucatan to Nicaragua (crit.). Vireo ochraceus (not of Salvin) Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 366, 1866 — part, eastern Guatemala (Sakluk, Peten) and Merida, Yucatan (crit.); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 201, 1882 — part, 1 Mr. Todd separated the inhabitants of eastern Cuba as V. g. orientalis, on account of more grayish (less greenish) dorsal surface, paler yellow lores and postocular spot, and duller yellow under parts with more buffy suffusion and dark shading on the sides. Barbour claims that the large series from various parts of the island examined by him show the variation to be individual (dichromatic) rather than geographic, while Wetmore is inclined to recognize two races. We have not enough material to decide the question independently. In spite of its pronounced characters we have no hesitation in regarding V. gundlachii as a geographical representative of the White-eyed Vireo. 2 Vireo griseus modestus Sclater, though well characterized by the absence of the bright yellow frontal and loral streak and the duller, more greenish color of the sides, is clearly a geographic representative of the griseus group. 3 Vireo griseus semiflavus Salvin: Similar to V. g. ochraceus, but slightly smaller (wing, 52-58, against 58-62) and under parts somewhat brighter, barita yellow rather than straw yellow; immature plumage much more grayish above. Material examined. — Yucatan, 4; Ruatan Island, 3; Puerto Barrios, Guate- mala, 1. 118 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Yucatan (Me"rida, Progreso), British Honduras (Corosa), and Guatemala (Sakluk, near Peten); Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 302, 1883 (part); Salvin, Ibis, 1888, p. 255 — Holbox, Mugeres, and Ruatan Islands (crit.); Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 486, 1893 — Greytown, Nicaragua; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 8, p. 278, 1896— Chichen Itza, Yucatan; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 193, 1904— part, Mexico, in states of Campeche and Yucatan, eastern Guatemala (Sakluk, Peten), British Honduras (Belize), and Nicaragua (Greytown); Cole, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 50, p. 136, 1906— Chichen Itza, Yucatan (nest and eggs); Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 124, 1907 — part, Puerto Barrios, Guatemala; Peters, Auk, 30, p. 377, 1913 — Xcopen, Quintana Roo; Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 235, p. 16, 1926 — Palmul and Xcaret, Yucatan. Range. — Caribbean lowlands of southeastern Mexico, in states of Campeche (Campeche, Jaina), Quintana Roo (Xcopen), and Yucatan (MeYida, Progreso, La Vega, Chichen Itza, Palmul, Xcaret), including Holbox and Mugeres Islands; British Honduras (Corosal, Belize); Honduras (Ruatan Island); eastern Guatemala (Puerto Barrios; Sakluk, Peten); and eastern Nicaragua (Greytown). 1: Guatemala (Puerto Barrios, 1). *Vireo griseus ochraceus Salvin. OCHRACEOUS VIREO. Vireo ochraceus Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1863, p. 188 — San Jos6, Guatemala (type in Salvin-Godman Collection, now in the British Mu- seum); idem, Ibis, 1866, p. 193 — San Jose", Guatemala; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 366, 1866 — part, San Jose, Guatemala; Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 2, p. 272, 1874 — Mazatlan, Mexico; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 201, pi. 12, fig. 1, 1882— part, Mazatlan, Mexico, and San Jose, Guatemala; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 302, 1883 (part); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 193, 1904— part, Mazatlan, Mexico, and western Guatemala (San Jose"); Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 124, 1907— part, San Jose1, western Guatemala. Vireo ochraceus ochraceus Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 319, 1932 — San Jose and Ocos, Guatemala (crit.). Range. — Pacific coast (mangrove swamps) of western Mexico (Mazatlan, Sinaloa) and Guatemala (Ocos, San Jose"). 7: Guatemala (San Jose", Escuintla, 7). Vireo griseus pallens Salvin.1 PALE VIREO. 1 Vireo griseus pallens Salvin, though differing from the two other Central American vireos in duller (above less greenish, below less yellowish) coloration, is so closely approached by the juvenile plumage of V. g. semiflavus that its per- tinence as a geographical representative to the present group can hardly be doubted. Material examined. — Costa Rica: Puntarenas, 1. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 119 Vireo pollens Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1863, p. 188 — Realejo, Nicaragua, and Puntarenas, Costa Rica (type, from Puntarenas, in Salvin-Godman Collection, now in British Museum); idem, Ibis, 1866, p. 193 — Realejo; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 365, 1866 — Realejo (monog.); Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 97, 1868— Puntarenas; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 202, pi. 12, fig. 2, 1882— Realejo and Puntarenas; Cherrie, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, p. 528, 1891— Punta- renas, Costa Rica (crit.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 194, 1904 — Realejo and Puntarenas (monog.) ; 'Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 780, 1910— Pigres, Costa Rica. Vireo ochraceus subsp. a V. pallens Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 302, 1883 — Nicaragua and Costa Rica (crit.). Range. — Pacific coast (mangrove swamps) of Nicaragua (Realejo) and Costa Rica (Puntarenas, Pigres). *Vireo huttoni huttoni Cassin. BUTTON'S VIREO. Vireo huttoni Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 5, p. 150, 1851 — Monterey and Georgetown, California (type, from Monterey, in U. S. National Museum; cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 51, p. 31, 1899, and Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 298, 1932); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 357, 1866 — part, California; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 203, 1882— part, California; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 303, 1883— part, California. Vireo huttoni obscurus Anthony, Zoe, 1, p. 307, Dec., 1890 — Beaverton, Washington County, Oregon (type in collection of A. W. Anthony, now in Carnegie Museum; cf. Todd, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 18, p. 358, 1928); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 196, 1904— western Oregon to Vancouver Island (monog.); Grinnell, Condor, 24, p. 32, 1922 (crit.); Oberholser, Auk, 39, p. 77, 1922 (crit.). Vireo huttoni insularis Rhoads, Auk, 10, p. 239, 1893 — Victoria, Vancouver Island, British Columbia (type in Provincial Museum of Victoria, British Columbia); Grinnell, Condor, 24, p. 32, 1922 (crit.); Oberholser, Auk, 39, p. 78, 1922 (crit.). Vireo mailliardorum Grinnell, Condor, 5, p. 157, 1903 — Friar's Harbor, Santa Cruz Island, California (type in coll. of J. Grinnell, now in Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley; cf. Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 298, 1932). Vireo huttoni mailliardorum Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 743, 1904 (ex Grinnell). Vireo huttoni oberholseri Bishop, Condor, 7, p. 142, 1905 — Witch Creek, San Diego County, California (type in coll. of L. B. Bishop); Grinnell, Condor, 8, p. 148, 1906 — Escondido, San Diego County, California (crit.); idem, I.e., 11, p. 66, 1909 (crit.). Vireo huttoni huttoni Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 195, 1904 — California (monog., full bibliog.); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 195, 1932— Lower California. 120 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Range. — Pacific coast strip of western North America, from extreme southern British Columbia (chiefly Vancouver Island) south through Washington, Oregon, and California, west of the high Sierra, to about latitude 30° in northwestern Lower California.1 17: California (Los Gatos, 1; San Geronimo, 2; Clipper Gap, 3; Monterey, 3; Nicasio, 5; Oakland, 1); Oregon (Tillamook, 1; Corvallis, 1). *Vireo huttoni Stephens! Brewster. STEPHENS'S VIREO. Vireo huttoni stephensi Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 7, p. 142, 1882 — Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona (type in coll. of W. Brewster, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 345, 1930); idem, Auk, 2, p. 197, 1885 — Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona (juv. descr.); Scott, Auk, 2, p. 354, 1885 — Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 197, 1904 — southern Arizona to western Texas and northern Mexico (monog., full bibliog.); Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 22, p. 178, 1906 — La Cienaga de las Vacas and Arroyo del Buey, Durango; van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 280, 1931 — fifteen miles south- west of Nogales, Sonora. Vireo huttoni stephensoni Reichenow and Schalow, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 401, 1884 (lapsus for V. k. stephensi Brewster). (?) Vireo huttoni mexicanus (not of Ridgway?) Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 83, 1913 — Yerba Buena, Galindo, and Rampahuila, Tamaulipas (Sept., Oct. to March).1 Range. — Southern Arizona to central western Texas and south to Tamaulipas, Durango, Zacatecas, and Nayarit, Mexico. 11: Arizona (Paradise, 1; Huachuca Mountains, 6; Chiricahua, 2); Mexico (Cerro Blanco, Sonora, 1; Coyotes, Durango, 1). *Vireo huttoni cognatus Ridgway. FRAZAR'S VIREO. Vireo huttoni cognatus Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16, p. 107, 1903 — Sierra de la Laguna, Lower California (type in collection of W. Brewster, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 345, 1930); idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 199, 1904 — Cape San Lucas district of Lower California (full bibliog.); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 195, 1928— Cape district. Range. — Cape district of Lower California. 3: Lower California (Sierra de la Laguna, 3). 1 It is now an established fact that none of the described races (obscurus, insularis, mailliardorum, oberholseri) can be maintained. Cf. Grinnell and Oberholser, I.e. * These specimens should be carefully reexamined in view of Ridgway's explicit statement that breeding birds from Miquihuana (hill country west of Victoria), Tamaulipas, are "certainly referable" to V. h. stephensi. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 121 Vireo huttoni mexicanus Ridgway. MEXICAN VIREO. Vireo huttoni mexicanus Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16, p. 107, 1903 — Mount Orizaba, Puebla (type in U. S. National Museum); idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 196, 1904 — part, southern portion of Mexican plateau (full bibliog.). Vireo huttoni (not of Cassin) Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 357, 1866 — part, Oaxaca; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 203, 1882 — part, Mexican references and localities; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 303, 1883— part, Mexico. Vireosylvia huttoni Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, p. 548, 1869 — alpine region of Vera Cruz. Vireo huttoni stephensi (not of Brewster) Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 10, p. 40, 1898— Las Vegas, Vera Cruz. Range. — Temperate zone of more southern portions of Mexico, from San Luis Potosi (near Jesus Maria) and southern Tamaulipas to Vera Cruz, Oaxaca, and Michoacan. Vireo huttoni vulcani Griscom.1 GUATEMALAN VIREO. Vireo huttoni vulcani Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 438, p. 3, 1930 — Quetzal- tenango, Guatemala (type in Dwight Collection, now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 319, 1932 — Momostenango, Chichicastenango, Tecpam, Zanjon, and Quetzaltenango, western Guatemala. Vireo huttoni (not of Cassin) Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 99 — Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 203, 1882 — part, Guatemala (Calderas, Volcan de Fuego); Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 303, 1883— part, Guatemala. Vireo huttoni mexicanus (not of Ridgway, 1903) Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 196, 1904— part, Guatemala. Range. — Temperate zone of western Guatemala. *Vireo carmioli Baird.2 CARMIOL'S VIREO. 1 Vireo huttoni vulcani Griscom: "Similar to V. h. mexicanus, but olive-green above with a slight brownish tinge, entirely lacking the dull gray tint on the pileum and back, the rump scarcely brighter than the rest of the upper parts; under parts in breeding adults radically different from any other race in being almost uniform pale dirty yellowish olive." (Griscom, I.e.). 2 Vireo carmioli Baird, though not unlike V. griseus semiflavus in general coloration, nevertheless differs very markedly by proportionately much longer wings, shorter and more convex bill, and shorter, stouter tarsus. The lengthened pale yellow superciliary streak is another striking peculiarity. Its habitat in the Subtropical zone, taken in conjunction with the different proportions, makes it probable that we have to deal here with a separate specific entity. Additional material examined. — Costa Rica: south slope of Volcan de Irazu, 1. — Panama: Boquete, Chiriquf, 1. 122 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Vireo carmioli Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 356, 1866 — Dota Mountains, Costa Rica (type in U. S. National Museum); Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 97, 1868— Dota Mountains; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 295, 1869 — Costa Rica; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- Amer., Aves, 1, p. 203, pi. 12, fig. 3, 1882— Costa Rica (Dota Mountains and Volcan de Irazu) and Panama (Volcan de Chiriqui); Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 303, 1883— Costa Rica and Panama; Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 59, 1902— Boquete, Chiriqui; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 199, 1904— Costa Rica and Chiriqui (monog.) ; Ferry, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 274, 1910— Coliblanco and Volcan de Turrialba, Costa Rica; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 779, 1910 — Volcan de Turrialba, Coliblanco, San Juan de Irazu, El Copey, Las Vueltas de Dota, Azahar de Cartago, Cachf, and Volcan de Irazu, Costa Rica (habits). Vireo carmioli (?) Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6, p. 411, 1884— "Pirris" =Birris, Costa Rica (crit.). Vireo superciliaris (Ridgway MS.) Cherrie, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, p. 340, 1891 — Birris, Costa Rica (type in U. S. National Museum). Range. — Subtropical zone of Costa Rica and extreme western Panama (Chiriqui). 8: Costa Rica (Coliblanco, 3; Volcan de Turrialba, 1; Volcan de Irazu, 2; La Estrella de Cartago, 2). *Vireo hypochryseus hypochryseus Sclater. GOLDEN VIREO. Vireo hypochryseus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1862, p. 369, pi. 46 — Mexico (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in the British Museum); Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, p. 18, 1876— Quiotepec, Oaxaca; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 204, 1881 — part, Oaxaca (Quio- tepec); Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 304, 1883— part, Mexico; Loomis, Auk, 19, p. 88, 1902 — Rosario, Sinaloa. Vireo hypochryseus hypochryseus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 201, 1904 — western Mexico (monog., bibliog.). Range. — Western Mexico, in states of Chihuahua (Hacienda de San Rafael), Sinaloa (Plomosas, Rosario), Jalisco (Barranca Ibarra, San Sebastian, Tuxpan), and Oaxaca (Quiotepec). 1: Mexico (Tuxpan, Jalisco, 1). Vireo hypochryseus sordidus Nelson. TRES MARIAS VIREO. Vireo hypochryseus sordidus Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 10, 1898 — Maria Madre Island, Tres Marias (type in U. S. National Museum); idem, N. Amer. Fauna, 14, p. 54, 1899 — Maria Madre and Maria Mag- dalena Islands (habits); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 202, 1904— Tres Marias Islands (monog.); McLellan, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 15, p. 311, 1926— Maria Madre Island. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 123 Vireo hypochryseus (not of Sclater) Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 370, 1866 — Tres Marias (monog.); Grayson, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 14, p. 281, 1871 — Tres Marias; Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 2, p. 272, 1874— Tres Marias; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 264, 1881 — part, Tres Marias; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 304, 1883 — part, Tres Marias Islands. Range. — Tres Marias Islands, off western Mexico. *Vireo vicinior Coues. GRAY VIREO. Vireo vicinior Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, p. 75 — Fort Whipple, Arizona (type in U. S. National Museum); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 361, 1866— Fort Whipple (crit.); Elliot, Illustr. New Unfig. N. Amer. Bds., Part 1, pi. 7, 1869— Fort Whipple; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 300, 1883— Arizona; Scott, Auk, 2, pp. 321-326, 1885— Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona (habits, nest, and eggs); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 202, 1904 — southern California, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, and northwestern Mexico (monog., full bibliog.); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 196, 1928 — Lower California; van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 281, 1932— Saric, Sonora. Vireo vicinior californiciLS Stephens, Auk, 7, p. 159, 1890 — east of Riverside, California (type lost, formerly in collection of F. Stephens; cf. Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 298, 1932). Range. — Southern California (south from Kern County), southern Nevada, the Grand Canyon of the Colorado, and southwestern Colorado south to northwestern Lower California, Sonora (Guaymas, Saric), and Durango; possibly wintering in the Cape district of Lower California and in the two other Mexican states. 1: New Mexico (Lone Mountain, 1). Vireo minus Nelson.1 DWARF VIREO. Vireo nanus Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 59, 1898 — Querendaro, Michoacan, Mexico (type in U. S. National Museum); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 204, 1904— Querendaro. Range. — Southwest Mexico, in State of Michoacan (Querendaro). *Vireo bellii belli! Audubon. BELL'S VIREO. Vireo belli(i) Audubon, Birds Amer. (8vo ed.), 7, p. 333, 1844 — near St. Joseph, Missouri (cotypes in U. S. National Museum and in the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 51, p. 18, 1899); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 358, 1866— part, localities in Kansas, Arkansas, and Texas; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 200, 1881 — part, North America (excl. Arizona) and Mexico 1 Vireo nanus Nelson, known from a single adult male in worn breeding plumage, is of uncertain affinity. More information about this species is urgently desired. 124 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII (Mazatlan; Santa Efigenia and Tehuantepec City, Oaxaca); Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 301, 1883 (monog.); Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 125, 1907— Gualan, San JosS, and Patulul, Guatemala. Vireo bellii(i) Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 204, 1904 (monog., full bibliog.); Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 21, p. 366, 1905— Escuinapa, southern Sinaloa; Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 83, 1911 — Guiaves, Galindo, Caballeros, and Rio Santa, Tamaulipas; Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 67, p. 483, 1927— Presidio, Vera Cruz; idem, I.e., 68, p. 400, 1928 — Chivela and Tapanatepec, Oaxaca; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 318, 1932 — Sacapulas, Ocos, Hacienda California, and San Jose, Guatemala. Range. — Breeds in Austral zones from northeastern Colorado, southern North Dakota, northern Illinois, and northwestern Indiana to eastern Texas and Tamaulipas; winters from Mexico to Guate- mala and northern Nicaragua; accidental in New Hampshire and Michigan. 9: Illinois (Hamilton, 2); Kansas (Topeka, 1); Mexico (Iguala, Guerrero, 1); Guatemala (San Jose*, Escuintla, 2; Patulul, Solola, 1; Gualan, Zacapa, 2). *Vireo belli! medius Oberholser. TEXAS VIREO. Vireo bellii medius Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16, p. 17, Feb. 21, 1903 — Boquillas, Texas (type in U. S. National Museum); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 206, 1904— southwestern Texas, south into Mexico (monog., full bibliog.); Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 22, p. 179, 1906— Rancho Baillon, Durango. Range. — Southwestern Texas (Presidio, Brewster, and Kinney counties) and southward into Mexico, in states of Durango, Coahuila, and Guanajuato.1 1: Texas (near Pecos, 1). *Vireo bellii arizonae Ridgway. ARIZONA VIREO. Vireo bellii arizonae Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16, p. 108, Sept. 30, 1903 — Tucson, Arizona (type in U. S. National Museum); idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 207, 1904 — Arizona to western Texas and northwestern Mexico (monog., full bibliog.); Oberholser, Auk, 34, p. 322, 1917 (crit., range); van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 280, 1931 — San Javier, Saric, Obregon, Tesia, Chinobampo, north of Guaymas, and Tdbari Bay, Sonora. 1 1 do not know on what authority the fourth edition of the A. O. U. Check List, 1931 (p. 235) extends its range as far south as Guatemala, whence this form has not yet been recorded. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 125 Range. — Breeds in the Lower Austral zone of southeastern Cali- fornia (along the Colorado River), southern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and central-western Texas south to Chihuahua and Sonora. 3: Arizona (Tucson, 2; Fort Lowell, 1). *Vireo belli! pusillus Coues. LEAST VIREO. Vireo pusillus Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, p. 76, 1866— Cape San Lucas, Lower California (type in U. S. National Museum; cf. Ridg- way, Auk, 25, p. 224, 1908); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 360, 1866— part, Cape San Lucas and San Diego, California; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 302, 1883— part, California (ex Baird). Vireo pusillus albatus Grinnell, Condor, 3, p. 187, 1901 — Pasadena, Cali- fornia (type in coll. of J. Grinnell, now in Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley; cf. Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 298, 1932); idem, Auk, 25, p. 85, 1908 (crit.). Vireo bellii pusillus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 208, 1904 (monog., full bibliog.); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 196, 1928— Lower California (crit.). Range. — Breeds, chiefly in Lower Austral zone, from the upper Sacramento Valley, California, mainly west of the high Sierra, to about latitude 30° in Lower California; winters in southern Lower California. 4: California (Kern County, 1; Riverside, 1; Stockton, 1; Dulzura, 1). *Vireo latimeri Baird. LATIMER'S VIREO. Vireo latimeri Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 364, 1866 — north side of Porto Rico (type in U. S. National Museum); Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 10, p. 252, 1866— Porto Rico; Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.-Akad. Forh., 26, p. 596, 1869— Porto Rico; Gundlach, Journ. Orn., 26, p. 165, 1878— Porto Rico (nest and eggs); idem, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 7, p. 167, 1878— Porto Rico; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 304, 1883— Porto Rico; Cory, Auk, 3, p. 187, 1886— Porto Rico (descr.) ; idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 74, 1889— Porto Rico; Bowdish, Auk, 20, p. 16, 1903— San Juan, Mayagtiez (habits, song); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 210, 1904— Porto Rico (monog.); Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric., 326, p. 95, 1916— Porto Rico (food); Struthers, Auk, 40, p. 476, 1923— Porto Rico; Danforth, Journ. Dept. Agric. Porto Rico, 10, p. 114, 1926— Cartagena and Anegada lagoons, Ensenada, Cabo Rojo Lighthouse, and between Utuado and Arecibo; Wetmore, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Is., 9, p. 492, 1927— Porto Rico (monog.). Range. — Island of Porto Rico (western parts), Greater Antilles. 8: Porto Rico (unspecified, 8). 126 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII *Vireo flavifrons Vieillot. YELLOW-THROATED VIREO. Vireo flavifrons Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amer. Sept., 1, "1807," p. 85, pi. 54, pub. 1808 — "Etats Unis"= eastern United States (part, descr. of male;1 type in coll. of P. L. Vieillot); Audubon, Orn. Biog., 2, p. 119, pi. 119, 1834 (monog., habits); Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 324 — Pirico, Colombia; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 194, 1881 — eastern North America and Central America south to Panama and Colombia; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 298, 1883 (monog.); Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 173, 1900— Onaca, Santa Marta, Colombia; idem, Auk, 17, p. 366, 1900 — Onaca and Minca, Colombia; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 317, 1932— Guatemala (winter). Vireosylvia flavifrons Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 346, 1866 — eastern United States south to Costa Rica (monog.); Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1880, p. 118 — Minca, Colombia. Lanivireo flavifrons Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 163, 1904 (monog.); Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Is., p. 365, 1905— New Providence, Cay Lobos, and Andros; Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 124, 1907 — Gualan and El Rancho, Guatemala; Ferry, I.e., p. 274, 1910 — Guayabo, Costa Rica; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 781, 1910— Pigres, Cachi, Carrfllo, Guapiles, and El Hogar, Costa Rica; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 540, 1917— Santa Elena, Colombia; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 431, 1922 — Minca and Onaca, Colombia; Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 108, 1923 — Cardenas, Cuba, and Caballos Mountains, Isle of Pines; Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 282, p. 7, 1927 — GarachinS, Panama. Muscicapa sylvicola Wilson, Amer. Orn., 1, p. 117, pi. 7, fig. 3, 1818 (after Sept. 1) — no locality stated, but apparently Pennsylvania (type in Peale's Museum, probably lost). Range. — Transition and Austral zones of eastern North America, from Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, Ontario, southern Quebec, and Maine south to Texas, Louisiana, Alabama, and northern Florida; winters from eastern and southern Mexico through Central America to Panama and Colombia (Pirico; Santa Elena; Onaca and Minca, Santa Marta district), casually in the Bahamas (New Provi- dence, Cay Lobos, Andros), Cuba, and the Isle of Pines. 51 : Connecticut (East Hartford, 9) ; Massachusetts (unspecified, 1); New York (Cayuga, 1; Sennett, 1; Shelter Island, 2); Rhode Island (Fruit Hill, 1); New Jersey (Englewood, 1); District of Columbia (Washington, 1); Florida (Nassau County, 1; Key West, 2; Puntarasa, 1); Mississippi (Holly Springs, 1); Louisiana (New Orleans, 1); Texas (Corpus Christi, 2; Fort Worth, 1); Illinois (Addi- son, 1; Grand Chain, 4; Waukegan, 2; Lake Forest, 1; Prairie View, 1; Deer-field, 2); Indiana (Bluffton, 1; Brookville, 1); Wisconsin 1 The alleged "female" unquestionably pertains to V. s. solitarius. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 127 (Beaver Dam, 9); Guatemala (Gualan, Zacapa, 2); Costa Rica (Guayabo, 1). *Vireo solitarius solitarius (Wilson).1 SOLITARY VIREO. Muscicapa solitaria Wilson, Amer. Orn., 2, p. 143, pi. 17, fig. 6, 1810 — Bar- tram's Woods, near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (location of type not indicated, probably lost). Vireosylvia solitaria Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 347, 1866 (part). Lanivireo solitarius solitarius Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 167, 1904 (monog., full bibliog.); Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 83, 1911— Tamaulipas;2 Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 108, 1923— Car- denas, Cuba. Vireo solitarius Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 196, 1881 — North America, in winter south to Guatemala; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 298, 1883 (monog.). Vireo solitarius solitarius Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 317, 1932 — Guatemala (crit.). Lanivireo solitarius Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 124, 1907 — Lake Atitlan and road to Tecpam, Guatemala. Range. — Canadian and Transition zones of North America from southern Mackenzie, Alberta, central Manitoba, northern Ontario, southern Quebec, and Cape Breton Island south to northern North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, the mountains of southern Pennsyl- vania, and Rhode Island; winters in the Gulf states from Texas to Florida and from eastern Mexico to northern Nicaragua; acci- dental in Cuba. 32: Connecticut (East Hartford, 9); Massachusetts (Ipswich, 1; Taunton, 1); New York (Miller Place, Suffolk County, 2); Wis- consin (Beaver Dam, 1; Woodruff, Vilas County, 1); Illinois (Deer- field, 2; Lake Forest, 3; Waukegan, 1; Ravinia, 1); Ohio (Columbus, 1); Arkansas (Winslow, 1); Georgia (Sapelo Island, 1); Louisiana 1 Vireo propinquus (Baird). VERA PAZ VIREO. Vireosylvia propinqua Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 348, 1866 — Coban, Vera Paz (type in U. S. National Museum). Vireo propinquus Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 197 (in text), 1881— Coban (crit.). Lanivireo propinquus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 166, 1904— Coban (crit.). This supposed "species," resting on a single specimen, obtained with numbers of V. flavifrons and V. s. solitarius in their winter quarters at Coban in Guatemala, and intermediate in wing structure and coloration, is probably a hybrid between these two species. 2 Mr. Peters (in litt.) does not believe that any of the specimens, even those taken in May and June, were breeding birds. 128 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII (Buras, 1); Texas (Harlingen, 1); Mexico (San Luis Potosi, 1; Pueblo Viejo, Vera Cruz, 1); Guatemala (near Tecpam, 1; Lake Atitlan, 1; Coban, 1). *Vireo solitarius alticola Brewster. MOUNTAIN VIREO. Vireo solitarius alticola Brewster, Auk, 3, p. Ill, 1886 — highlands of Macon County, North Carolina (type in collection of W. Brewster, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 344, 1930). Lanivireo solitarius alticola Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 169, 1904 — southern Allegheny Mountains (monog., full bibliog.). Range. — Canadian and Transition zones of the Alleghenies, from western Maryland to eastern Tennessee and northern Georgia; winters in the lowlands from South Carolina to Florida. 12: Florida (Gainesville, 3; Town Point, Santa Rosa County, 1; Miami Beach, 1; Nassau County, 2; Lake Worth, 1); South Carolina (Mount Pleasant, 1); North Carolina (Raleigh, 3). *Vireo solitarius plumbeus Coues. PLUMBEOUS VIREO. Vireo plumbeus Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, p. 74 — "High central plains to the Pacific" (type from Fort Whipple, Arizona, in U. S. National Museum); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 198, 1881 — southern Rocky Mountains and Mexico (plains of Colima. and Oaxaca). Vireosylvia plumbea Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 349, 1866 — southern Rocky Mountains, in winter to Colima, Mexico (monog.). Vireo solitarius subsp. /3 Vireo plumbeus Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 299, 1883 — Arizona to northern Mexico (crit.). Lanivireo solitarius plumbeus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 170, 1904 (monog., full bibliog.); Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 22, p. 179, 1906— Rio Sestin, Durango; McLellan, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 16, p. 41, 1927— Labrados, Sinaloa. Vireo solitarius plumbeus Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 10, p. 40, 1898— Las Vegas, Vera Cruz (breeding); Gary, Auk, 18, p. 237, 1901— Black Hills, Wyoming; Oberholser, Auk, 19, p. 301, 1902 — mountains west of Pecos River, Texas; van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 281, 1931 — Tesia and Chinobampo, Sonora. Range. — Rocky Mountains from northern Nevada, northern Utah, southern Montana, northeastern Wyoming, and southwestern South Dakota south through Arizona and western Texas to Chi- huahua and Vera Cruz, Mexico; winters south to Colima and Oaxaca. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 129 11: Arizona (Huachuca Mountains, 4; Chiricahua Mountains, 1; Santa Rita Mountains, 2; Paradise, 1); New Mexico (Silver City, 1); Texas (Fort Davis, 1); Mexico (Babicora, Chihuahua, 1). *Vireo solitarius cassinii Xantus. CASSIN'S VIREO. Vireo cassinii(i) Xantus, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, p. 117 — Fort Tejon, California (type in U. S. National Museum) ; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 197, 1881 — California and Mexico. Vireo solitarius subsp. a Vireo cassini Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 299, 1883 — California, Nevada, "Arizona," and northern Mexico. Lanivireo solitarius cassinii Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 172, 1904 (monog., full bibliog.); Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 22, p. 179, 1906 — La Cienaga de las Vacas and Rio Sestin, Durango. Vireo solitarius cassinii Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 195, 1928 — Sierra San Pedro Martir, Lower California (breeding); van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 281, 1931— Tecoripa, Saric, and Chinobampo, Sonora; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 318, 1932—^ Finca La Primavera, Guatemala. Range. — Transition zone from British Columbia, southwestern Alberta, Idaho, and western Montana south through California and western Nevada to the Sierra San Pedro Martir, Lower California; in winter south through Arizona to Jalisco, Michoacan, Guanajuato, Oaxaca, and Chiapas, Mexico, and western Guatemala (one record). 8: Arizona (Chiricahua Mountains, 3; Huachuca Mountains, 1; Ciengo Station, 1); New Mexico (Mimbres, 1); California (Piute Mountains, Kern County, 1); Mexico (Lower California, 1). *Vireo solitarius lucasanus Brewster. SAN LUCAS VIREO. Vireo solitarius lucasanus Brewster, Auk, 8, p. 147, 1891 — San Jos6 del Rancho [near Triunfo], Lower California (type in collection of W. Brewster, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 344, 1930); idem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 41, p. 174, 1902 — San Jose del Cabo, San Jose del Rancho, etc., Cape region of Lower California (habits, nest, and eggs); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 195, 1928 — Cape district of Lower California. Lanivireo solitarius lucasanus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 175, 1904 — Cape District (monog., full bibliog.); Townsend, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 48, p. 22, 1923— Miraflores and San Bernardo Mountains. Range. — Resident in the Cape San Lucas district of Lower California. 4: Mexico (Lower California, Sierra de la Laguna, 4). 130 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Vireo solitarius notius van Tyne.1 PINE RIDGE VIREO. Vireo solitarius notius van Tyne, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 256, p. 2, Feb., 1933 — pine ridge region, twelve miles south of El Cayo, British Honduras (type in University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology). Range. — Pine ridge region of British Honduras (south of El Cayo). Vireo solitarius montanus van Rossem.2 MONTANE VIREO. Vireo solitarius montanus van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 7, No. 24, p. 285, Oct. 6, 1933— Hacienda Chilata, Dept. Sonsonate, El Salvador (type in California Institute of Technology, Pasadena). Vireo solitarius solitarius (not Muscicapa solitaria Wilson) Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 317, 1932 — part, Finca La Primavera, mountains of Guatemala. Range. — Mountains of Guatemala (Finca La Primavera) and El Salvador (San Jose" del Sacare; Hacienda Chilata). *Vireo virescens virescens Vieillot.3 RED-EYED VIREO. Vireo virescens Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Ame'r. Sept., 1, "1807," p. 84, pi. 53, 1808 — no locality given (type in coll. of P. L. Vieillot); idem, 1 Vireo solitarius notius van Tyne: "Much like V. solitarius cassini, but charac- terized by a very short, rounded wing and proportionately longer tail. Wing tip shorter than tarsus; fifth primary longer than ninth; tenth (outermost) primary decidedly larger than in the other known forms of the species. Wing, 63-65, (female) 65-66; tail, 48^-50. Colored like V. s. cassini, but the upper parts, especially the crown darker; crown and auricular region pure gray, not washed with green; outer web of the outer tail feathers more extensively white." (van Tyne, I.e.). 2 Vireo solitarius montanus van Rossem: "Nearest to V. s. notius, but decidedly larger and under parts more heavily overlaid with dusky olive green. Wing, 68-69; tail, 52." (van Rossem, I.e.). This race, according to the describer, differs from V. s. cassinii in slightly darker, more leaden upper parts, darker and more greenish under parts, the lateral tail feathers having more white on both webs, in having a much longer outer primary, and more rounded wing, in which the fifth primary is longer than the ninth. 3 Motacilla olivacea Linnaeus (Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 327, 1766) has been universally accepted for the Red-eyed Vireo, following Baird (Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 335, 1866), who sought to restrict the name to that species. Linnaeus never handled a specimen himself, but based his description merely on the accounts of earlier authors. Of these, the "Olive-coloured Fly-catcher" of Edwards (Glean. Nat. Hist., 1, p. 54, pi. 54, lower fig.) is the Black-whiskered Vireo of Jamaica, whereas "The Red-ey'd Fly-catcher" of Catesby (Nat. Hist. Carolina, 1, p. 54, pi. 54, lower fig.) represents indeed the North American species. The third reference, Muscicapa jamaicensis Brisson (Orn., 2, p. 410, 1760), refers partly to the one, partly to the other species. As Linnaeus's diagnosis affords no clue as to which one served as his principal basis, I see no way but to reject the name Motacilla olivacea on account of its ambiguity rather than transfer it to the Black- whiskered Vireo, as has been proposed by Bangs and Penard (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 67, p. 206, 1925). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 131 Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 36, p. 104, 1819 — type locality stated to be New Jersey.1 Vireo bogotensis Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 7, p. 227, 1860 — Bogota, Colombia (type in coll. of H. Bryant, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 67, p. 205, 1925). Vireosylvia agilis (not Lanius agilis Lichtenstein) Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 73, 1868 — part, Marabitanas, Rio Negro, Brazil (male, March 9; female, March 3; spec, in Vienna Museum examined). Vireosylv(i)a olivacea (not Motacilla olivacea Linnaeus) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 151, 1855 — Bogota; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 495 — Medellin and Remedios, Colombia; Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1880, p. 118 — Santa Marta; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 285, 1884— Bucaramanga, Colombia (crit.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 147, 1903 (monog., full bibliog.); Riley, in Shat- tuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 365, 1905 — New Providence, Cay Lobos, Watlings Island, and Great Inagua; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 783, 1910— Costa Rica; Cherrie, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 156, 1916 — Boca de Sina, Rio Cunucunuma, Venezuela; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 539, 1917— Santa Elena, Chicoral, and Villavicencio, Colombia; idem, I.e., 55, p. 586, 1926 — Rio Suno, Ecuador; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 432, 1922 — Mamatoco, La Tigrera, and Fundacion, Santa Marta, Colombia; Bangs and Barbour, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 223, 1922— Mount Sapo, Darien. Vireo olivaceus Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 188, 1881; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 294, 1883 (monog.); Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 3, p. 346, 1891— Chapada, Matto Grosso; idem, Auk, 17, p. 366, 1900— Colombia; idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 21, p. 277, 1905 — Don Diego, Santa Marta; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 335, 1907— Matto Grosso and Venezuela (Merida); Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 392, 1921 — Ituribisci River, British Guiana. Vireosylva virescens virescens Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 333, 1930— Matto Grosso (Chapada). Range. — Breeds from British Columbia, Mackenzie, Manitoba, Ontario, Anticosti Island, and Cape Breton Island south to Oregon, Washington, Idaho, southern Montana, eastern Wyoming and Colorado, western Texas, northern Coahuila, southern Alabama, and central Florida;2 migrates through Central America (casually 1 Bangs and Penard (I.e., p. 205, 1925) suggest Pennsylvania as type locality. Vieillot (l.s. c., p. 104), however, quite explicitly says: "Je n'ai rencontre qu'un seul individu de cette espece dans un bosquet de New-Jersey." 2 Salvin (Ibis, 1890, p. 84) claims to have "received, both from Mr. W. B. Richardson and Mr. Blancaneaux, eggs of this species [=Vireo olivaceus] along with the parent birds," and adds "that its residence in eastern Mexico and British Honduras is proved, and almost certainly extends to the Bay Islands, whence skins have been sent us." We cannot help thinking that there must be some 132 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Cuba and the Bahamas) and winters in the northern half of South America, south to Bolivia and western Brazil (Matto Grosso).1 148: Maine (Upton, 1); Connecticut (East Hartford, 12); Massa- chusetts (Great Island, 1; Brookline, 1; Longwood, 1; Ipswich, 1; unspecified, 1); New York (Shelter Island, 7; Rochester, 1; Suffolk County, 1; Locust Grove, 1); Pennsylvania (Erie, 1); North Carolina (Raleigh, 3); Florida (East Pass, 1; Gainesville, 2; Puntarasa, 3; Mary Esther, 1; Key West, 1); Georgia (Altamaha River swamp, 1); Mississippi (Vicksburg, 4; Holly Springs, 10); Louisiana (New Orleans, 1); Texas (Fort Worth, 3; Ingram, 1); Arkansas (Winslow, 1); Colorado (Fort Lyon, 2); Montana (Columbia Falls, 4); Iowa (Cedar Rapids, 2); Illinois (Grand Chain, 10; Olive Branch, 2; Mound City, 6; Cahokia River, St. Clair County, 1; Cook County, 2; Chicago, 6; Lake Forest, 7; Lyons, 2; Deerneld, 4; Libertyville, 2; Ravinia, 2; Joliet, 6; Waukegan, 2; Hegewisch, 1; Glen Ellyn, 3; Addison, 1; Henry, 4); Wisconsin (Woodruff, Vilas County, 2; Beaver Dam, 10); Michigan (Harbert, 1); Mexico (Yucatan, Rio Lagartos, 1); Bahama Islands (Inagua, Horse Pond, 1; Watlings Island, Riding Rock, 1); Cuba, Isle of Pines (Nueva Gerona, 1); Brazil (Chapada, Matto Grosso, 1). *Vireo virescens flavoviridis (Cassin).2 YELLOW-GREEN VIREO. Vireosylvia flavoviridis Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 5, p. 152, 1851 — Panama and San Juan de Nicaragua, Nicaragua (type formerly in coll. of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 51, p. 31, 1899); idem, I.e., 6, pi. 2, 1852; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 24, p. 298, 1856— Cordoba, Vera Cruz; idem, I.e., 27, mistake here with respect to the identification of either eggs or birds, as the Red- eyed Vireo has not since been found breeding so far south. 1 Unquestionable Red-eyed Vireos from yet unrecorded winter localities, which we have examined, are male and female, the latter in full molt, collected by J. Natterer on March 9 and 3, 1831, respectively, at Marabitanas, Rio Negro (Vienna Museum) ; an adult female shot by the brothers Watkins on November 29, 1910, at Yahuarmayo, Sierra de Carabaya, southern Peru (Munich Museum) and two males obtained by S. Bricerio on October 20, 1902, at Merida, Venezuela (Hungarian National Museum, Budapest). 2 1 cannot see in V. flavoviridis anything but a well-marked race of the Red- eyed Vireo. While very different from the North American form, it is closely connected with certain specimens of V. v. vividior as to color characters. The Mexican form (flavoviridis), I admit, is rather larger than any of the "chivi" races, but the gap is completely bridged by the smaller V. v. insulanus, the latter having about the same proportions as V. v. vividior. There is apparently less variation in the wing formula in the races of flavoviridis, the first primary falling always between the fourth and fifth. Numerous specimens of the "chivi" group, however, show the same shape of the wing. It will also be remembered that no other vireo of this group, neither the Red-eyed nor any of the "chivi" forms, breeds where a representative of the "flavoviridis" section occurs during the nesting period. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 133 p. 375, 1859— Playa Vicente, Oaxaca; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 12— Guatemala; Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 44, 1862— Guate- mala; Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 323, 1861 — Panama Railroad; idem, I.e., 9, p. 96, 1868 — San Jos6 and "Aterias" [=Atenas], Costa Rica; idem, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 2, p. 272, 1874— Mazatlan and Rosario, Mexico; idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, p. 17, 1876 — Te- huantepec (Tapana, Santa Efigenia); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 336, 1866 — part, Monterey, Rosario, near Colima, Mexico, and San Jose, Costa Rica; Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, p. 547, 1869 — neigh- borhood of Orizaba, Vera Cruz; (?) Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 137 — Santa Fe and Cordillera de TolS, Veragua; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 295, 1869— Costa Rica; (?) Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 184 — Mina de Chorcha and Bugaba, Chiriqui, and Chitra, Ver- agua; Taczanowski, I.e., 1874, p. 509 — Monterico, Peru; Boucard, I.e., 1878, p. 53 — San Jose, Costa Rica; idem, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, (n.s.), 25, p. 41, 1878— Guatemala; Merrill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1, p. 125, 1878— Fort Brown, Texas (Aug. 23); Nutting, I.e., 5, p. 391, 1882— La Palma de Nicoya, Costa Rica; Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 7 — Yurimaguas, Peru; idem, Orn. Per., 1, p. 445, 1884 — Monterico and Yuri- maguas, Peru; Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 124, 1907 — Mazatenango, Guatemala; Berlioz, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 34, p. 73, 1928— San Jose", Ecuador. Vireo flavoviridis Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 189, 1881 — part, excl. Tres Marias Islands; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 295, 1883— Guajango (Peru), Rio Napo (Ecuador), (?) Veragua, (?) Panama, and Bolivia; Merriam, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 213, 1883— Godbout, Quebec (May 13) ? Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 108, 1887— Costa Rica (San Jose", Alajuela, Tambor de Alajuela) and (?) Panama; Price, Auk, 5, p. 210, 1888— Riverside, California (Oct. 1); Cherrie, Auk, 7, pp. 329, 335, 1890— San Jose, Costa Rica (habits, nest and eggs); Jouy, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 778, 1893— Barranca Ibarra, Jalisco; Underwood, Ibis, 1896, p. 434— Miravalles, Costa Rica; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 173, 1900— Bonda, Santa Marta, Colombia; Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. CL, 3, p. 58, 1902 — Boquete and Bugaba, Chiriqui; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, p. 107, 1906 — Huaynapata and Rio Cadena, Peru. Vireosylva flavoviridis flavoviridis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 144, 1904 (monog.); Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 21, p. 366, 1905— Escuinapa, southern Sinaloa (with nest); Cole, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 50, p. 136, 1906 — Chichen Itza, Yucatan; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 784, 1910— Costa Rica (habits); Peters, Auk, 30, p. 377, 1913— Camp Mengel, Quintana Roo; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 539, 1917 — Chicoral, Colombia; idem, I.e., 55, p. 586, 1926 — below San Jose and lower Sumaco, eastern Ecuador; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 434, 1922 — Bonda, Buritaca, Mamatoco, Gaira, Punto Caiman, Tucurinca, and Fundacion, Colombia; Bangs and Peters, 1 The measurements given for this specimen (wing, 72; tail, 48) are remarkably small. 134 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 67, p. 482, 1927 — Presidio, Vera Cruz; idem, I.e., 68, p. 399, 1928— Chivela, Oaxaca. Vireo flavoviridis flavoviridis Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, p. 183, 1928— Cana, Panama; Peters, I.e., 71, p. 333, 1931— Changuinola, Panama; idem, Auk, 48, p. 576, 1931 (crit., range, migration); Darling- ton, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 410, 1931— Rio Frio, Magdalena, Colombia; Griscom, I.e., 72, p. 366, 1932 — Perme, Panama; idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 315, 1932— Guatemala. Phyllomanes flavoviridis Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 9, p. 93, 1861 — Costa Rica. Vireosylva insulanus (not Vireo insulanus Bangs, 1902) Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, p. 154, 1905 — part, Saboga Island, Pearl Islands (April). Range. — Breeds in Mexico, from Sinaloa, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas, south on the Pacific coast to northwestern Costa Rica and on the Caribbean slope to eastern Guatemala; migrates through southern Central America and Colombia, and winters in upper Amazonia (eastern Ecuador; Iquitos, Guajango, Yurimaguas, Mon- terico, Rio Huaynapata, Rio Cadena, eastern Peru; Tres Arroyas, Bolivia). Accidental at Brownsville, Texas (Aug. 23, 1877); River- side, California (Oct. 1 [=Sept. 29], 1887); and Godbout, Quebec (May 13, 1883). 12: Mexico (Valles, San Luis Potosi, 1; San Felipe, Yucatan [June 4, 1893], 1); Guatemala (Mazatenango, 1; unspecified, 1); Costa Rica (Las Canas, 5; BebedeYo, 1; San Jose", 1); Bolivia (Tres Arroyas [Feb. 24, 1915], I).1 Vireo virescens forreri Madardsz.2 FORRER'S VIREO. Vireo forreri Madarasz, Termesz. Fiizet., 9, p. 85, pi. 6, 1885 — Tres Marias Islands, western Mexico (type in Hungarian National Museum, Budapest). Vireo flavoviridis forreri Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 14, p. 54, 1899 — Tres Marias Islands (crit., habits); Peters, Auk, 48, p. 581, 1931 — Tres Marias (crit.). Vireosylva flavoviridis forreri Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 146, 1904 — Tres Marias (monog.); McLellan, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 15, p. 310, 1926 — Maria Madre and Maria Magdalena Islands. Vireo flavoviridis (not of Cassin) Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 189, 1881— part, Tres Marias. 1 Additional material examined. — Costa Rica: Bebed6ro, 7 (including a fledgling, taken June 26); San Jose, 11. — Colombia: "Bogota," 5. — Ecuador: Sarayacu, 1. 2 Vireo virescens forreri Madarasz: Most similar to V. v. flavoviridis, but even larger; superciliary streak obsolete; dusky border of the pileum merely suggested. Wing of (three) adult males, 83-87. As pointed out by Mr. Peters, Ferrer's Vireo is probably migratory, but, if so, dates of migration and winter home are unknown. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 135 Range. — Tres Marias Islands (Madre and Maria Magdalena), off western Mexico. *Vireo virescens insulanus Bangs.1 SOUTHERN YELLOW-GREEN VIREO. Vireo insulanus Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 73, 1902 — San Miguel Island, Gulf of Panama (type in coll. of E. A. and O. Bangs, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 343, 1930). Vireosylva insulanus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 147, 1904 — San Miguel Island; Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, p. 154, 1905 — part, San Miguel, Pearl Islands. Vireosylva flavoviridis insulanus Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 13, No. 4, p. 43, 1920 — Viveros Island (crit.). Vireo flavoviridis insulanus Peters, Auk, 48, p. 582, 1931 — Pearl Islands, Canal Zone, and Terraba Valley, Costa Rica (monog.). Vireo chivi agilis (not Lanius agilis Lichtenstein) Bangs, Auk, 18, p. 30, 1901— San Miguel Island. Vireosylva flavoviridis flavoviridis (not of Cassin) Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, p. 220, 1906 — savanna of Panama (May); Bangs, 24, p. 305, 1907 — Boruca, Paso Real and Barranca, southwestern Costa Rica; Bangs and Barbour, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 223, 1922— Mount Sapo, Darien; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 273, 1918— Agua Clara, Panama; Hallinan, Auk, 41, p. 324, 1924— Juan Mina, Balboa, and Corozal, Panama. Vireo flavoviridis Cherrie, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 4, p. 136, 1893 — Lagarto, Terraba, and Buenos Aires, Costa Rica. Vireosylvia flavoviridis Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 336, 1866 — part, Isthmus of Panama (Jan. 25); Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 339, p. 3, 1899— Punta de Sabana, Darien (July). Range. — Breeds in the T&raba Valley, southwestern Costa Rica, in the Canal Zone (chiefly on the Pacific side) and probably other suitable localities on the Pacific coast of Panama, as well as on San Miguel Island, Pearl Archipelago; probably migratory, but winter home unknown. 1: Panama. 1 Vireo virescens insulanus Bangs: Similar to V. v. flavoviridis, but smaller, and dusky lateral border to pileum obsolete. Wing, 74-79, (female) 71-78. In a very able paper, Mr. Peters has worked out the range and migration of this smaller, southern representative of the Yellow-green Vireo, which replaces its northern ally in southwestern Costa Rica, Panama, and on San Miguel Island. It is supposed to be migratory, though we know yet nothing about where it spends the winter months. Additional material examined. — Costa Rica: Buenos Aires, 2; Lagarto, 3; Terraba, 2. 136 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII *Vireo virescens chivi (Vieillot).1 CHIVI VIREO. Sylvia chivi Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 11, p. 174, 1817— based on "Gaviero" Azara, No. 152, Paraguay. Lanius agilis Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. Berliner Mus., p. 49, 1823 — Bahia (type in Berlin Museum). Thamnophilus agilis Spix, Av. Bras., 2, p. 25, pi. 34, fig. 1, 1825 — no locality indicated (spec, lost; cf. Hellmayr, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 656, 1906). Vireo bartramii Swainson, in Richardson, Faun. Bor.-Amer., 2, "1831," p. 235, Feb., 1832 — Brazil and "South Carolina," errore (type from Brazil, latitude 12° S., in coll. of Swainson, now in University Museum, Cambridge, England). Curruca olivacea Lesson, Voy. Coquille, Zool., 1, (2), livr. 15, p. 664, April, 1830 — "L'ile de Sainte-Catherine, Bresil" (type in Paris Museum examined). Muscicapa agilis Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), p. 795, 1831 — Brazil (nesting habits). Phyllomanes agilis Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 108, 1856 — Brazil. Vireo virescens (not of Vieillot) Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 9, 1837 — Corrientes and Bolivia (spec, in Paris Museum examined). Vireo olivaceus (not Motacilla olivacea Linnaeus) d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame>. Meiid., Ois., p. 162, 1838 — Corrientes and Bolivia (Moxos, Chiquitos, Yungas, Yuracares). Vireosylv(i)a chivi Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 337, 1866 — Bahia and Ver- mejo River, Paraguay; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 160 — Buenos Ayres; Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 439 — Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes, and Rio de Janeiro (Rio and Aldea da Pedra); Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 232, 1873 — Blumenau, Santa Catharina; idem and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 115, 1885 — Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 35, p. 5, 1887 — Lambare, Paraguay; Sclater and Salvin, Arg. Orn., 1, p. 22, 1888 — Buenos Aires; Frenzel, Journ. Orn., 39, p. 118, 1891 — southeastern Cordoba; Kerr, Ibis, 1892, p. 123 — Fortin Page and Fortin Nueve, lower Pilcomayo; Holland, Ibis, 1895, p. 214 — Santa Elena, Entre Rios; Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 10, No. 208, p. 3, 1895— Colonia Risso, Paraguay, and Resistencia, Chaco Austral, Argentina; idem, 1 1 fully concur with Mr. Zimmer (Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 414, 1930) in considering V. chivi to be conspecific with the Red-eyed Vireo. Neither general coloration nor pattern offer specific differences, though in fresh plumage the North American bird is distinguishable by its dull-colored ("washed out") upper parts and very pale yellowish under wing and under tail coverts. The shorter first primary of the South American races is very nearly bridged by indi- vidual variation, although in North American birds this feather obviously is never shorter than the fifth, which frequently obtains in the forms of tropical America. However, as insisted upon by Mr. Zimmer, certain specimens of the two continents run very close in that respect. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 137 I.e., 12, No. 292, p. 5, 1897— San Francisco, Bolivia; Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 174, 1902 — Tucuman; Baer, Onus, 12, p. 215, 1904— Tapia, Tucuman; Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, p. 40, 1905 — Tucuman; Grant, Ibis, 1911, p. 89— Paraguay (Villa Franca), Corrientes (Bella Vista, Goya), and Entre Rios (Santa Elena); Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 61, 1914— Alto Parana; Dinelli, El Hornero, 3, p. 253, 1924 — Prov. Tucuman (eggs descr.). Vireosylva chivi chivi Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 132, 1904— Paraguay, Argentina, and southern Brazil; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 365, 1911 — Cordoba, Tucuman, Pilcomayo, and Buenos Aires (Barracas al Sud, Tigre); idem, El Hornero, 1, p. 243, 1919— Isla Martin Garcia; Pereyra, I.e., 3, p. 170, 1923— San Isidro, Buenos Aires; Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 105, 1921— Santa Ana, Idma, and San Miguel Bridge, Urubamba, Peru; idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 586, 1926 — below San JosS, Ecuador, and Chinchipe Valley, Peru (crit.); Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 184, 1926 — Marechal Mallet, Rio Claro, Faz. Firmiano, Durski, etc., Parana; Holt, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 57, p. 313, 1928— Monte Serrat, Itatiaya; Laubmann, Wissens. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 308, 1930 — Argentina (Tapikiole, Formosa) and Bolivia (San Jos6, Santa Cruz; Villa Montes and Fortin Esteros, Tarija); Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 333, 1930 — Urucum, Belvedere de Urucum, Tapirapoan, and Utiarity, Matto Grosso. Phyllomanes chivi Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 83, 1874 — Cantagallo, Rio; idem, I.e., 26, p. 195, 1878 — Sierra de Cordoba; Stempelmann and Schulz, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, 10, p. 399, 1890— Cordoba. Vireo chivi Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 295, 1883 — part; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 294, 1889 — Yurimaguas, Peru; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 79, 1889— Mapiri, Bolivia; idem, I.e., 3, p. 345, 1891— Chapada, Matto Grosso; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 117, 1899 — Mundo Novo, Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 136, 1899 — Piracicaba and Iguape, Sao Paulo; Euler, I.e., 4, p. 15, 1900 (nesting habits); Ihering, I.e., 4, pp. 152, 204, 1900— Cantagallo (nesting habits); idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 335, 1907 — part, Sao Paulo (Ypiranga, Itapura, Bebedouro, Rio Feio, Iguape, Ubatuba, Piquete, Rincao), Matto Grosso (Porto da Faya), and La Plata; Ber- lepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, p. 76, 1906 — Santa Ana, Urubamba, Peru; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 22, 1908 — Rio Araguaya, Goyaz; Hartert and Venturi, I.e., 16, p. 167, 1909 — Buenos Aires and Chaco (eggs descr.); Chubb, Ibis, 1910, p. 612 — Sapucay, Paraguay; Dabbene, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 353, 1914 (range); M6n6gaux, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., 1917, p. 85— Pocon6, Matto Grosso; Giacomelli, El Hornero, 3, p. 68, 1923— La Rioja; Marelli, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 654, 1924 — Prov. Buenos Aires; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 2, No. 6, pp. 41, 59, 1926— Ceara and Maranhao (Anil, Tury-assu). Vireo chivi chivi Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 193, 1921 — Mojos and Cor- rientes (crit.); Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 367, 1926 — Para- guay (Cerro Lorito, near Puerto Pinasco), Uruguay (San Vicente, Rio 138 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Cebollati), and Tucuman (Tapia); Friedmann, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, p. 216, 1927— Concepci6n, Tucuman. Vireosylvia agilis Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 338, 1866 — part, Buenos Aires and southern Brazil; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 73, 1868 — part, Rio de Janeiro, Registo do Sai, Ypanema, Ytarar6, and Curytiba (spec. examined); Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 302 — Sao Paulo. Vireosylva chivi agilis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 132, 1904 — part, Bahia and Matto Grosso; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 260, 1929 — Maranhao (Sao Luiz, Rosario, Tranqueira, Barra do Corda, Codo), Piauhy (Arara, Parnagua, Olho d'Agua), and Ceara (Jua). Vireosylvia olivacea Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 595 — Bolivia (Moxos, Chiquitos, Yungas, Yuracares, Guanai). Vireo olivaceus chivi Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 79, 1910 — Bahia (Bahia, Barra, Barrocao on the Rio Preto) and Piauhy (Parnagua, Olho d'Agua, Oro). Vireosylva virescens chivi Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 413, 1930 — Vista Alegre and Huachipa, Dept. Huanuco, Peru (crit.). Vireosylva chivi griseibarbatus (not of Berlepsch and Taczanowski) Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35, p. 457, 1918 — Bellavista and Perico, northern Peru. Range. — Northern Argentina, south to La Rioja, Cordoba, and Buenos Aires; Uruguay; Paraguay; Brazil, north to Matto Grosso, Goyaz, Maranhao, and Ceara; Bolivia; eastern Peru1 and eastern Ecuador.2 1 Various Peruvian records cannot be properly placed without reexamination of the specimens upon which they were based, as the respective authors did not clearly distinguish between the resident breeding form (V. v. chivi) and North American migrants (V. v. virescens). The principal references are as follows: Vireosylvia agilis Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 179 — upper Ucayali; idem, I.e., 1867, p. 749 — Chyavetas; idem, I.e., 1867, p. 977— Pebas. Vireosylvia olivacea Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 258 — upper Ucayali, Chyavetas, Chamicuros, Pebas; idem, I.e., 1876, p. 16 — Maranura and Huiro, Urubamba Valley; Taczanowski, I.e., 1879, p. 224 — Guajango, Rio Maranon; idem, I.e., 1880, p. 192 — Callacate; idem, I.e., 1882, p. 7— Huambo; idem, Orn. Per., 1, p. 443, 1884— Peruvian localities. 2 Further subdivision of this form seems hardly practicable. Birds from southern Brazil, as far north as Rio de Janeiro, agree perfectly with a series from Misiones, Paraguay, and the Chaco region. Peruvian and Bolivian specimens are possibly slightly duller above and less washed with greenish along the sides, thus displaying a slight tendency towards the characters of V. v. caucae. Two adults from the Rio Chinchipe, northwestern Peru, appear to me decidedly referable to the present form and not to V. v. griseobarbatus, with which birds of that region were identified by Bangs and Noble. In northeastern Brazil, from Bahia northward, these vireos are apt to become somewhat brighter in coloration, and while a good many are indistinguishable from southern examples, others run very close to the Amazonian race (V. v. solimoensis) . Additional material examined. — Argentina, Prov. Buenos Aires: La Plata, 1; Barracas al Sud, 1; Tigr6, 1; Corrientes, 1; La Urbana, Formosa, 1; Tacaagle, Formosa, 1. — Bolivia: Fortin Esteros, Rio Pilcomayo, Prov. Tarija, 2; Villa 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 139 40: Argentina, Misiones (Rio Parana, 3; Caraguatay, Rio Parana, 3; El Dorado, 3; Puerto Segundo, 2; Iguazu, 2); Paraguay (Villa Rica, 1); Bolivia (Buena Vista, Dept. Santa Cruz, 1; Todos Santos, Rio Espirito Santo, 1); Peru (San Ramon, Chanchamayo, 1; Huachipa, Dept. Huanuco, 2; Vista Alegre, Dept. Huanuco, 1; Hacienda Limon, ten miles west of Balsas, 2) ; Brazil, Bahia (Santo Amaro, 3; Macaco Secco, near Andarahy, 2); Matto Grosso (Chapada, 2); Ceara (Jua, near Iguatu, 1); Piauhy (Arara, 2); Maranhao (Barra do Corda, 2; Codo, Cocos, 1; Tranqueira, Alto Parnahyba, 1; Rosario, 2; Sao Luiz, 2). *Vireo virescens caucae (Chapman).1 CAUCA VIREO. Vireosylva chivi caucae Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 31, p. 159, 1912 — Cali, Cauca, Colombia (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, I.e., 36, p. 539, 1917 — tropical zone of the Cauca Valley, Colombia. Vireosylvia virescens (not Vireo virescens Vieillot) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 151, 1855— Bogota. Vireosylvia agilis (not Lanius agilis Lichtenstein) Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 43, 1862— part, Bogota. Vireo caucae caucae Todd, Auk, 48, p. 412, 1931 — western Colombia (Cauca Valley). Range. — Tropical zone of western Colombia (western Andes; Dagua Valley; Cauca Valley; "Bogota"). 2: Colombia ("Bogota," 2). Montes, 5; San Jos6, Santa Cruz, 1; Mojos, 1. — Brazil: Ilha de Santa Catharina, 1; Ararangua, Santa Catharina, 2; Roca Nova, Serra do Mar, Parana, 6; Curytiba, Parana, 2; Ypanema, Sao Paulo, 4; Itarare, Sao Paulo, 1; Registre do Sai, Rio, 1; Bahia, 5; Barra, Bahia, 1; Rio Preto, 1; Parnagua, Piauhy, 2; Oro, Piauhy, 1. 1 Vireo virescens caucae (Chapman) : Nearest to V. v. chivi, but back even duller, less greenish; superciliaries whitish instead of buffy; cheeks and auriculars dingy grayish rather than ecru drab; sides and flanks barely shaded with greenish. Wing, 67-71; tail, 47-53; bill, 12J^-14. This appears to be a well-marked race, most closely resembling V. v, chivi, but of still duller coloration. From its geographical neighbor, V. v. griseobarbatus, with which it agrees in small bill and whitish superciliaries, it may be separated by the darker (mouse gray), posteriorly less defined cap; much darker (dull citrine to olive citrine instead of citrine to near warbler green) back; dingy grayish instead of yellowish citrine cheeks and auriculars; much paler, marguerite to primrose yellow instead of barium to citron yellow, under wing and under tail coverts; as well as by having hardly any greenish on the sides of the body. The range appears to be more extensive than was hitherto supposed, since two native "Bogota" skins agree in all essential characters with a topotypical series. Additional material examined. — Colombia: Las Lpmitas, western Andes, 1; Los Cisneros, Rio Dagua, 2; Caldas, Rio Dagua, 1; Cali, 1; Media Luna, Cauca, 1. 140 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Vireo virescens griseobarbatus (Berlepsch and Taczanowski).1 WEST ECUADORIAN VIREO. Vireosylv(i)a chid griseobarbata (Berlepsch MS.) Berlepsch and Taczanow- ski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 541 — Chimbo, Ecuador (type in Warsaw Museum; cf. Sztolcman and Domaniewski, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 6, p. 159, 1927); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 587, 1926 — Esmeraldas, Manavl, Cuaque El Destino, Mindo, La Plata Island, Chongon Hills, Puna Island, and Pullango, Ecuador (crit.). Vireo griseobarbatus Salvador! and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 10, 1899 — Intac, Babahoyo, Vinces, and Balzar (crit.). Vireosylvia agilis (not Lanius agilis Lichtenstein) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, pp. 64, 273, 1860— Pallatanga and Babahoyo; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 43, 1862— part, Pallatanga. Vireosylvia chivi (not Sylvia chivi Vieillot) Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 337, 1866— part, "Quito" (Jameson). Vireo chivi Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 10, 1899— La Concepci6n, Chota; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 316 — San Nicolas. Vireo flavoviridis (not of Cassin) M6n6gaux, Miss. Serv. Geogr. Armee Mes. Arc Mend. Equat., 9, p. B. 70, 1911— Santo Domingo.* Vireo chivi vividior (not of Hellmayr and Seilern) Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 77, 1922— Gualea. Range. — Tropical zone of western Ecuador, from Esmeraldas to the Peruvian boundary. *Vireo virescens solimoensis Todd.3 AMAZONIAN VIREO. Vireo caucae solimoensis Todd, Auk, 48, p. 412, 1931 — Sao Paulo de Olivenca, Rio Solimoes, Brazil (type in Carnegie Museum). 1 Vireo virescens griseobarbatus (Berlepsch and Taczanowski) : Resembles V. r. vividior in bright coloration (clear gray pileum ; bright citrine to warbler green back; barium yellow to citron yellow under wing and under tail coverts; yellowish citrine cheeks and auriculars, etc.), but differs by decidedly smaller size, particularly shorter and slenderer bill, and by having the greenish yellow suffusion on the sides of the body generally more extended. Wing, 66-70, rarely 71-72; tail, 47-53 ; bill, 12^-13^. In spite of the doubts cast by Mr. Todd (Auk, 48, p. 411, 1931) on its validity, I find little difficulty in separating the west Ecuadorian form by its smaller size and more extensively greenish yellow flanks from the Caribbean V. v. vividior, whereas the distinctness from the Amazonian race, V. v, solimoensis, is much less conspicuous. Material examined. — Ecuador: Esmeraldas, 3; Paramba, 7; Lita, 1; Carondelet, 4; Pambilar, 2; coast of Manavl, 1; Cuaque El Destino, 1; Isla La Plata, 1; Chimbo, 1; Chongon Hills, 1; Porto velo, 2; Pullango, 1. * Mr. Berlioz, who very kindly reexamined the specimen at my request, informs me that it is in every respect a typical individual of the race griseobarbatus. 'Vireo virescens solimoensis Todd: Similar in coloration to V. v. vividior, but decidedly smaller; closer still to V. v. griseobarbatus and agreeing with it in propor- 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 141 Vireosylvia agilis (not Lanius agilis Lichtenstein) Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 43, 1862 — part, Para; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 569— Para; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 73, 1868— part, Borba, Rio Madeira, and "Barra" [=Manaos] (spec, examined); Allen, Bull. Essex Inst., 8, p. 78, 1876— Rhomes, sixty miles from Santarem. Vireo chivi agilis Chapman and Riker, Auk, 7, p. 266, 1890 — Santar6m. Vireosylva chivi agilis Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 334, 1930 — Barao Melgaco, northern Matto Grosso (crit.). Vireosylvia olivacea (not Motacilla olivacea Linnaeus) Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 377 —Para. Vireo chivi (not Sylvia chivi Vieillot) Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 295, 1883— part; Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, p. 432, 1905 — Rio Jurua; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 335, 1907 — part, Para, Santar&n, and Rio Jurua; Hagmann, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), 26, p. 25, 1907 — Mexiana; Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 521, 1908 — Arumatheua, Rio Tocantins; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 268, 1910 — Jamarysinho, Rio Machados; idem, Abhandl. Math.-Phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2, pp. 87, 118, 1912— Para and Mexiana; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 474, 1914 — Para, Mos- queiro, Providencia, Rio Tocantins (Cameta, Baiao, Arumatheua), Xingu (Victoria), Tapajoz (Boim, Goyana), Purus (Bom Lugar), Mexiana, Monte Alegre, Rio Jary (S. Antonio da Cachoeira), Rio Jamunda (Faro); Beebe, Zoologica (N.Y.), 2, p. 96, 1916— Utinga, Para; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 172, 1928— Para. Vireo chivi subsp. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 42, 1907— Teff6, Rio Solimoes. Vireo caucae vividior (not V. chivi vividior Hellmayr and Seilern) Todd, Auk, 48, p. 412, 1931— part, Amazon Valley. tions, but distinguishable by paler yellow under tail coverts and less greenish yellow suffusion on sides and flanks. Wing, 66-70, (female) 61-66; tail, 47-53, (female) 42-48; bill, 11-13. Mr. Todd distinguished this form on account of its smaller size, basing his separation upon a series from the Rio Solimoes, while specimens from the lower stretches of the Amazon were referred by him to V. v. vividior. I fail to see, how- ever, any difference whatsoever between birds from the Rio SolimSes on one side and those from Manacapurti and the Rio Tapaj6z on the other. They agree precisely in coloration and size, differing by their smaller dimensions from V. v. vividior, of Venezuela and Trinidad. In the same paper, Mr. Todd claims that these small, bright-colored birds are specifically distinct from V. v. chivi, since both forms have "actually been taken together at Manacapuru and localities on the Rio Tapajoz, as shown by specimens in the collection of the Carnegie Mu- seum." Thanks to Mr. Todd's kindness, I have been enabled to examine part of the material upon which his conclusions were based. While admitting that certain individuals, notably two from Manacapurti, two others from Santarem, and one from Miritituba, Rio Tapajoz, are strikingly like chivi from southern Brazil and Paraguay, I find several others decidedly intermediate, and as similar variation takes place within the range of V. v. vividior, e.g. in Trinidad, I cannot believe that the differences denote specific distinctness, and would rather attribute them to an unusual amount of variability, unless those dull-colored examples be migrants from more southern districts. Altogether, it seems unlikely that there is more than one specific group of these vireos in America. Additional material examined. — Brazil: Tonantins, Rio Solimoes, 6; Sao Paulo de Olivenga, 2; Teffe, Rio Solimoes, 3; Marrecao Island, Manacapuru, 1; Mana- capuru, 5; Manaos, 1; Obidos, 2; Santarem, 10; Miritituba, Rio Tapaj6z, 2; Villa Braga, 1; Itaituba, 1. 142 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Range. — Northern Brazil, in the valley of the Amazon, from Par& to the Rio Solimoes, south to the Rio Jurua, Rio Purus, and northern Matto Grosso (Barao Melgaco). 10: Brazil (Itacoatiara, 2; Manaos, 8). *Vireo virescens griseolus (Todd).1 GRAY-BELLIED VIREO. Vireosylva chivi griseola Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 37, p. 124, 1924 — Pied Saut, French Guiana (type in Carnegie Museum). Vireosylvia chivi (not Sylvia chivi Vieillot) M£n6gaux, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 10, p. 180, 1904 — St. Georges d'Oyapock, French Guiana; Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 314, 1908 (ex Men6gaux). Range. — French Guiana and apparently some of the adjacent parts of northern Brazil (Rio Branco). 1: Brazil (Serra Grande, Rio Branco, 1). *Vireo virescens vividior Hellmayr and Seilern.2 CARIBBEAN VIREO. 1 Vireo virescens griseolus (Todd) : Exactly like V. v. solimoensis, but under parts distinctly washed with pale grayish, in particular on foreneck, chest, and sides. Wing, 66-70, (female) 64-68; tail, 47-51; bill, 12-13. I must confess that I am still a little doubtful whether griseolus and solimoensis can be kept separate, although eight specimens from French Guiana are uniformly more grayish beneath than the large series from the Amazon Valley. My suspicions as to its validity are mainly caused by its singularly restricted habitat. Mr. Todd, it is true, gives its range as extending to the north bank of the Amazon. Against this I have only to say that ten specimens from that region (Itacoatiara and Manaos) in Field Museum, as well as two from Obidos, courteously loaned by Mr. Todd, are much whiter beneath and, as far as I can see, absolutely indis- tinguishable from a topotypical series of V. v. solimoensis. A single (slightly worn) adult from the upper Rio Branco (Serra Grande) fits in, however, very well with the French Guianan birds. It seems to me that more material is yet required to establish the status of V. v. griseolus. Additional material examined. — French Guiana: Cayenne, 4; Pied Saut, Oyapock, 2; Tamanoir, Mana River, 1; Saint-Jean-du-Maroni, 1. * Vireo virescens vividior Hellmayr and Seilern: Similar to V. v. chivi, but considerably larger, with longer as well as heavier bill; pileum clearer gray, more strongly contrasted with color of back; upper parts, including wings and tail, externally brighter green, almost warbler green; superciliaries whitish, rarely tinged with buffy anteriorly; auriculars brighter, yellowish citrine; under tail coverts and axillaries brighter yellow. Wing, 70 (female) to 77 (male); tail, 50-57; bill, 14-16. Though easily recognizable in a series, the color characters of this form are completely bridged by individual variation. Even in Trinidad, where the racial distinction is generally developed to the extreme, specimens are occasionally found that can hardly be separated from south Brazilian examples of V. v. chivi. Birds from British Guiana (V. roraimae) appear to be inseparable. They are fully as large as those from Trinidad and the Caribbean coast of Venezuela (wing, 72- 76; tail, 52-57; bill, 15), but, together with birds from the upper Orinoco, they are not quite so bright green on the upper parts, the color approaching citrine rather than warbler green. A single adult from Marabitanas, on the Rio Negro, just beyond the Venezuelan border, seems likewise to be referable to V. v. vividior. Additional material examined. — Trinidad: Caparo, 13; Valencia, 1. — Venezuela: plain of Cumana, 20; Caura River, 3; Ciudad Bolivar, 1; Caicara, Rio Orinoco, 4; Merida (Escorial, El Valle), 4. — British Guiana: Roraima, 4. — Brazil: Marabi- tanas, Rio Negro, 1. — Colombia: Mamatoco, 2. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 148 Vireo chivi vividior Hellmayr and Seilern, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 12, p. 315, Dec., 1913 — Caparo, Trinidad (type in Munich Museum). Vireosylva chivi vividior Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 433, 1922 — Bonda, Minca, Mamatoco, Dibulla, Don Diego, Santa Marta, La Tigrera, and Valencia, Colombia (crit., habits). Vireo caucae vividior Todd, Auk, 48, p. 412, 1931 — part, Colombia and Venezuela. Vireo olivaceus (not Motacilla olivacea Linnaeus) L6otaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 250, 1866— Trinidad. Vireosylvia agilis (not Lanius agilis Lichtenstein) Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 73, 1868 — part, Marabitanas, Rio Negro, Brazil (spec, examined). Vireo agilis Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 204 — Bartica Grove, Camacusa, and Roraima, British Guiana. Vireo chivi agilis Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 6, p. 27, 1894 — Princes- town, Trinidad; Robinson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18, pp. 678, 685, 1896 — El Valle, Margarita Island, and La Guayra, Venezuela; Phelps, Auk, 14, p. 364, 1897 — Cumanacoa and San Antonio, Venezuela; Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 142, 1898— Santa Marta; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 172, 1900— Bonda, Minca, Santa Marta, Quebrada Concha, and Cacagualito, Colombia; idem, I.e., 21, p. 293, 1905 — Bonda (nest and eggs descr.); Robinson and Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 177, 1901— La Guayra. Vireosylva chivi agilis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 132, 1904— part; Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 249, 1909— Margarita Islands; Cherrie, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 155, 1916 — Orinoco region (nesting habits). Vireo chivi (not Sylvia chivi Vieillot) Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 295, 1883— part; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 13, 1902— Caicara, Quiribana de Caicara, Altagracia, and Ciudad Bolivar, Rio Orinoco, and Suapure and La Pricion, Rio Caura, Venezuela; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 207, 1913— Cariaquito, Venezuela; Beebe, Trop. Wild Life, 1, p. 135, 1917— Bartica Grove. Vireo chivi subsp. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 11, 1906 — part, Caparo and Valencia, Trinidad. Vireosylva chivi Cherrie, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 1, p. 357, 1908 — Pointe Gourde and Carenage, Trinidad. Vireo roraimae Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 393, 1921 — Roraima, upper Takutu Mountains, Camacusa, Bartica, and Annai, British Guiana (type, from Roraima, in British Museum examined). Vireo chivi roraimae Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 63, p. 113, 1931 — Arabupu, Roraima (crit.). Range. — Island of Trinidad; British Guiana; Venezuela, south to the Orinoco basin and the confines of Brazil (Marabitanas, upper Rio Negro); northern Colombia (Santa Marta region). 5 : Trinidad (St. Ann's Valley, 2) ; Venezuela (Lake Valencia, 2) ; British Guiana (Caramang River, 1). 144 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII *Vireo virescens tobagensis subsp. nov.1 TOBAGO VIREO. Vireo gilvus (not Muscicapa gilva Vieillot) Jardine, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 20, p. 328, 1847— Tobago. Vireo chiri (not Sylvia chivi Vieillot) Cory, Auk, 10, p. 220, 1893 — Tobago. Vireo chivi subsp. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 11, 1906 — part, Tobago. Range. — Island of Tobago. 10: Tobago. Vireo gracilirostris Sharpe.2 SLENDER-BILLED VIREO. Vireo gracilirostris Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc., (Zool.), 20, p. 478, 1890 — Fernando Noronha Island (type in British Museum); Nicoll, Ibis, 1904, p. 38 — Fernando Noronha; Ihering and Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 335, 1907— Fernando Noronha; Murphy, Auk, 32, p. 50, 1915— Fer- nando Noronha. Range. — Fernando Noronha Island, off Brazil. 1 Vireo virescens tobagensis subsp. nov. Type from Tobago. No. 25100 Field Museum of Natural History. Adult male. Collected April 15, 1892, by W. W. Brown. Adult, — Nearest to V. v. vividior, but on average larger with heavier though not always longer bill; back, including wings and tail externally, darker and duller, near dark citrine; auriculars and sides of neck less yellowish; axillars and under tail coverts decidedly paler, naphthalene yellow instead of barium yellow to Martius yellow; greenish suffusion of flanks paler as well as more restricted. Wing, 76-80, (female) 74-77; tail, 54-60; bill, 14-16. Though heretofore united to the Caribbean form, V. v. tobagensis seems to be well worthy of separation. By the dull coloration of the upper parts and the pale yellow axillars and under tail coverts, it approaches V. v. chivi, but, besides being larger in all proportions, it may be distinguished from it by the much clearer gray, more strongly denned cap, whitish instead of buffy superciliaries, and paler, less buffy auriculars. Additional specimens examined. — Tobago: Castare, 1; Mondland, 4. 2 Vireo gracilirostris Sharpe: Upper parts nearly uniform grayish olive or deep grayish olive; wings and tail dusky hair brown, their external edges and the upper wing coverts of the same color as the back, the greater series of the latter exteriorly edged with paler; narrow, but very distinct superciliary streak (from the base of the bill to above the auriculars) and loral region ivory yellow; sides of head and neck deep olive buff; under parts olive buff, somewhat paler on middle of throat and abdomen; under wing coverts apically passing into pale yellow; inner margin to remiges very pale yellowish (marguerite yellow); bill dusky, lower mandible pale brownish. Wing, 67, (female) 63; tail, 61, (female) 57; bill, 15. This peculiar species is quite distinct from the continental V. virescens chivi, from which it differs, in addition to coloration, by proportionately much longer tail, very much slenderer as well as longer bill, and shorter first primary, the latter being either equal to, or a little longer than, the seventh. In general colora- tion it is indeed not unlike V. magister, though it may be readily distinguished from it by much shorter wings, slenderer tarsi, much smaller and slenderer bill, the absence of the dusky loral spot and the grayish suffusion on the sides of the body, etc. I cannot believe that any genetic relationship really exists between these birds, whose superficial resemblance is most likely to be explained by parallelism of development. The origin of V. gracilirostris is quite obscure, it being the only land bird of strongly pronounced characters occurring on Fernando Noronha. Material examined. — Fernando Noronha: 2 (British Museum and Vienna Museum). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 145 *Vireo magister magister (Lawrence).1 BELIZE VIREO. Vireosylvia magister (Baird MS.) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 10, p. 20, 1871 — Belize, British Honduras (type in U. S. National Museum). Vireosylvia cinerea Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 3, p. 22, 1885 — Cozumel Island (type in U. S. National Museum). Vireo cinereus Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, p. 565, 1885 — Cozumel (full descr.). Vireo magister Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 191, 1881 — Belize, British Honduras; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 295, 1883— British Honduras; Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 188— Cozumel Island; idem, Ibis, 1888, p. 254 — Holbox, Mugeres, Ruatan, and Bonacca (crit.); Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 578, 1888— Ruatan Island (crit.). Vireosylva magister Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 235, p. 15, 1926 — coast of Yucatan, opposite Cozumel Island (habits, crit.). Vireosylva magister magister Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 134, 1904 — British Honduras and coast of Honduras (islands of Ruatan and Bonacca) (monog.). Vireosylva magister cinerea Ridgway, I.e., p. 136, 1904 — Yucatan, islands of Cozumel and Mugeres (monog.). Range. — Coast of Yucatan, including the islands of Holbox, Mugeres, and Cozumel; British Honduras (Belize); and the islands of Ruatan and Bonacca, in the Gulf of Honduras.2 4: Yucatan (Mugeres Island, 2); Bay of Honduras (Ruatan Island, 1; Bonacca Island, 1). *Vireo magister caymanensis Cory.3 CAYMAN VIREO. Vireo caymanensis Cory, Auk, 4, p. 7, 1887 — Grand Cayman (type in coll. of C. B. Cory, now in Field Museum); Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 573, 1887— Grand Cayman; Cory, Auk, 5, p. 157, 1888— Grand Cayman; idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 288, 1889— Grand Cayman; idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., pp. 17, 116, 129, 153, 1892— Grand Cayman; Nicoll, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14, p. 94, 1904— Grand Cayman; idem, Ibis, 1904, p. 580— Grand Cayman. Vireosylva caymanensis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 136, 1904 — "Cayman Islands"; Lowe, Ibis, 1909, p. 344 — Grand Cayman (crit.); idem, Ibis, 1911, p. 154 — "Cayman Islands"; English, Ibis, 1916, p. 28 — Grand Cayman (nest and eggs). 1 V. magister is nearly allied to, and may even prove to be conspecific with, V. altiloquus. The investigation of their interrelationship requires, however, more time than I can at present bestow upon this subject. 2 After examining the extensive series in the British Museum, I fully concur with Mr. Griscom that V. cinerea is inseparable from V. magister. Even birds from Ruatan Island appear to be the same. 3 Vireo magister caymanensis Cory merely differs from the typical race by its paler coloration and more whitish under parts. 146 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Vireosylva magister caymanensis Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 60, p. 314, 1916 — Grand Cayman (crit.). Vireo magister caymanensis Fisher and Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 79, art. 10, p. 17, 1931— Grand Cayman (crit.). Range. — Island of Grand Cayman, Greater Antilles.1 18: Grand Cayman. *Vireo altiloquus altiloquus (Vieillot).2 JAMAICAN VIREO. Muscicapa altiloqua Vieillot,* Hist. Nat. Amer. Sept., 1, "1807," p. 67, pi. 38, 1808 — Jamaica, Santo Domingo, etc. (the types in coll. of M. Dufresne, now in the Edinburgh Museum, are from St. Thomas; cf. Stenhouse, Nov. Zool., 35, p. 271, 1930). Vireo longirostris Swainson, in Swainson and Richardson, Faun. Bor.-Amer., 2, "1831," p. 237, pub. Feb., 1832— part, Jamaica. Phyllomanes mystacalis Cabanis, Arch. Naturg., 13, (1), p. 348, 1847 — probably from one of the West Indian islands (type [alcoholic specimen] in the Museum of Anatomy, Berlin). Vireosylvia mystacalis Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 73, 1868 — Borba, Rio Madeira (Feb. 10; spec, in Vienna Museum examined). Vireosylvia frenata Du Bus,4 Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci., Lettr., Beaux Arts Belgique, 22, (1), p. 150, 1855 — Ocana, Colombia (type in Brussels Museum). Vireosylcia atripennis Lawrence, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 15, p. 106, 1863 — Sombrero Island (type in coll. of Geo. N. Lawrence, now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, Ann. Lye. 1 Cory's record of this species from Little Cayman and Cayman Brae (Auk, 6, p. 31, 1889), ignored by himself in his subsequent publications, is obviously a mistake. There are no specimens from either island in the collection of Field Museum. * Vireo altiloquus and its races are apparently geographical representatives of V. virescens in the West Indies and on islands in the Caribbean Sea, though the dusky submalar streak serves to separate them. It is, however, somewhat suggestive that this character is less pronounced in one of the forms (V. a. grandior), and perhaps the more logical course would be the combination of the Red-eyed Vireo and its West Indian allies in one "formenkreis." 1 Messrs. Bangs and Penard (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 67, p. 206, 1925) have clearly pointed out that Motacilla calidris Linnaeus (Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 184, 1758), principally based upon "The American Nightingale" of Edwards (Nat. Hist. Bds., 3, p. 121, pi. 121, fig. inf.; Jamaica), is unrecognizable. I cannot agree, however, to their proposition to apply the name olivaceus to the present species for reasons given on page 130. Turdiis virens Boddaert (Tabl. PI. Enl., p. 16, 1783) and Turdus hispaniolensis Gmelin (Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 822, 1789), both based on "Le Merle olive de Saint-Domingue" of Daubenton (PI. Enl., pi. 273, fig. 1) and Brisson (Orn., 2, p. 296, pi. 27, fig. 2), appear to me utterly unidentifiable. 4 The passage, "Superciliis ad nucham productis et genis dilute fulvescentibus," clearly points to the typical race, to which a specimen from the same district (Bucaramanga) in the Berlepsch Collection actually pertains. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 147 Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, p. 98, 1865— Sombrero (cf. Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 330; crit.). Vireosylvia virginalis Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, p. 98 (in text), 1865 — Sombrero Island (type in coll. of Geo. N. Lawrence, now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York). Vireosylvia altiloqua Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 348 — Panama Railroad, Panama (one spec.). Vireo altiloquus LSotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 250, 1866 — Trinidad. Vireosylvia calidris (not Motadlla calidris Linnaeus) Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 329, 1866 — Jamaica, Santo Domingo, Porto Rico, St. Thomas, Santa Cruz, and Sombrero (monog.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1875, p. 234 — MSrida, Venezuela; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 285, 1884 — Bucaramanga, Colombia (crit.; spec, examined). Vireo calidris Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 204 — Bartica Grove and Camacusa, British Guiana; Cory, Bds. W. Ind., p. 76, 1889— part; Verrill and Verrill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 61, p. 364, 1909— Santo Domingo; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 391, 1921 — same localities and Ituribisci River; Williams, Bull. Dept. Agric. Trin. Tob., 20, p. 128, 1922— Brestin Castle Estate, Trinidad. Vireosylva calidris calidris Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 137, 1904 (monog.); Cherrie, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 155, 1916— Boca de Sina, Rio Cunucunuma, Venezuela; Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61, p. 417, 1917 — Monte Cristi and Sosua, Dominican Republic; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 434, 1922 — Bonda and Masinga Vieja, Colombia. Vireo calidris calidris Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 21, p. 277, 1905 — Bonda and Masinga [Vieja], Colombia; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 268, 1910— Borba, Brazil (crit.). Vireo olivaceus olivaceus Wetmore, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Is., 9, p. 494, 1927 — Porto Rico, Vieques, Louis Pena, Culebrita, St. Croix, St. Thomas (habits); Wetmore and Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 354, 1931 — Hispaniola, Gonave, and Tortue (habits). Vireo olivacea olivacea Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 510, 1928 — Haiti, Gonave, and Tortuga. Range. — Islands of Jamaica, Haiti, Porto Rico, Virgin Islands (Vieques, Louis Pena, Culebrita, St. Croix, St. Thomas), Sombrero, and (?) Saba,1 Antilles; during migration and in winter on the island of Trinidad, in Panama (one record), Colombia (Santa Marta region; Ocana and Bucaramanga, Santander), Venezuela (Escorial, Me"rida; Boca de Sina, Rio Cunucunuma), British Guiana (Bartica 1 According to Ridgway, who refers a single female from Saba to the Jamaican Vireo. 148 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Grove, Camacusa, Ituribisci River), and northern Brazil (Manaos; Borba, Rio Madeira).1 185: Haiti (Le Coup, 1); Dominican Republic (Santo Domingo City, 112; Samana, 23; Aguacate, 5; Catare, 13; Honduras, 3; San Cristobal, 9; Fuerte Resoli, 1); Porto Rico (Mayagiiez, 17); Brazil (Manaos, 1). *Vireo altiloquus barbadensis Ridgway. BARBADOS VIREO. Vireosyhia calidris var. barbadense Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 359, 1874 — Barbados, Lesser Antilles (type in U. S. National Museum). Vireosylvia calidris var. dominicana Lawrence, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1, p. 55, 1878 — Dominica (type in U. S. National Museum); idem, I.e., p. 189 — St. Vincent; idem, I.e., p. 268 — Grenada; idem, I.e., p. 354 — Martinique; idem, I.e., p. 454 — Guadeloupe; idem, I.e., p. 486 (range); Wells, I.e., 9, p. 611, 1887 — Grenada (habits, nest, and eggs). Vireo laurae Nicoll, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 14, p. 95, 1904— Grenada (type in British Museum); idem, Ibis, 1904, p. 563, pi. 11, fig. 2— Grenada. Vireo longirostris Swainson, in Swainson and Richardson, Faun. Bor.-Amer., 2, "1831," p. 237, pub. Feb., 1832— part, St. Vincent. Vireo calidris (not Motacilla calidris Linnaeus) Cory, Bds. W. Ind., p. 70, 1889— part; Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., 8, p. 340, 1892— Dominica; idem, Auk, 8, pp. 47, 48, 49, 1891— St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, and Guadeloupe. Vireosylva calidris barbadensis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 140, 1904 — St. Eustatius, Antigua, Montserrat, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, Santa Lucia, St. Vincent, Grenada, and Barbados (nionog., full bibliog.); Riley, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 47, p. 288, 1904— Barbuda and Antigua; Clark, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 32, p. 290, 1905— Lesser Antilles, from St. Eustatius to Grenada, Grenadines, and Barbados (crit.); Noble, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 60, p. 388, 1916— Goyave and Soufriere, Guadeloupe. Vireo olivacea barbadensis Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 538, 1928 — Santa Lucia, Dominica, and St. Vincent. Range. — Islands of St. Eustatius, St. Christopher [=St. Kitts], Barbuda, Antigua, Montserrat, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, 1 Specimens of this form have been examined from the following localities in South America: Colombia: Bucaramanga (no date), 1. — Venezuela: Escorial, Merida (male, Sept. 14, 1902), 1 (Hungarian National Museum, Budapest). — Brazil: Manaos (male, April 23, 1913), 1; Borba, Rio Madeira (male in full molt, Feb. 10, 1830), 1 (Vienna Museum). Williams (l.s.c.) records a male taken on Brestin Castle Estate, Trinidad, on July 14, 1919, which seems to be rather an early date. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 149 Santa Lucia, St. Vincent, Grenada, including the Grenadines, and Barbados.1 59: Lesser Antilles (St. Eustatius, 11; St. Kitts, 9; Antigua, 1; Marie Galante, 2; Grande Terre, 2; Guadeloupe, 13; Martinique, 5; Santa Lucia, 10; St. Vincent, 5; Barbados, 1). *Vireo altiloquus barbatulus (Cabanis). BLACK-WHISKERED VlREO. Phyllomanes barbatulus Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 3, p. 467, 1855 — Cuba (type in Berlin Museum); Gundlach, I.e., 30, p. 401, 1872 — Cuba (habits, nest, and eggs). Vireosylvia barbatula Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 331, 1866 — Cuba, Bahamas, and Charlotte Harbor, Florida (crit.); Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 1, pi. 17, fig. 1, 1874. Vireo calidris barbatula Cory, Bds. W. Ind., p. 77, 1889 — Bahamas and Cuba; idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 115, 1892 — Bahamas (Abaco, Biminis, Andros, New Providence, Samana Cay), Cuba, Isle of Pines, and Little Cayman; Bangs, Auk, 17, p. 288, 1900 — New Providence and Eleuthera (molt); Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 173, 1900— Bonda, Santa Marta, Colombia; idem, I.e., 21, p. 277, 1905 — Bonda (crit.); Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 72, p. 366, 1932— Obaldia, Panama. Vireosylva calidris barbatula Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 141, 1904 — Bahamas, Cuba, Isle of Pines, Little Cayman, and southern Florida (monog., full bibliog.); Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 365, 1905 — Abaco, Biminis, New Providence, Eleuthera, Current Island, Andros, Green Cay, Cay Lobos, Bird Rock, Long Island, Samana; Todd and Worthington, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 7, pp. 428, 458, 1911 — Andros and Abaco, Bahamas; Todd, I.e., 10, p. 257, 1916 — Nueva Gerona, Isle of Pines (crit.); Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 60, p. 314, 1916— Little Cayman and Cayman Brae; Todd, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 434, 1922 — Mamatoco and Tucurinca, Colombia; Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 108, 1923— Cuba. Vireo calidris (not Motacilla calidris Linnaeus) Bonhote, Ibis, 1899, p. 511 — Nassau, New Providence (crit.). Vireo caymanensis (errore) Cory, Auk, 6, p. 31, 1889 — Little Cayman and Cayman Brae. Vireo altiloquus var. barbatulus Cory, Bds. Bahama Islands, p. 82, 1890 — Bahamas. Vireo olivaceus barbatula Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 81, art. 2, p. 33, 1932 — Gonave Island and lie a Vache (migrants). 1 Individual and seasonal variation has been discussed at length by Austin Clark, who arrived at the conclusion that further subdivision of this form is impracticable. As far as our own material goes, I cannot but concur with this disposition of the case, and refer the inhabitants of the Lesser Antilles (from St. Eustatius to Grenada) to a single form, whose earliest name is barbadensis Ridgway. 150 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Range. — Bahamas (Abaco, Biminis, New Providence, Inagua, Eleuthera, Current Island, Andros, Green Cay, Cay Lobos, Bird Rock, Long Island, Samana); Cuba, including Isle of Pines; Little Cayman and Cayman Brae; west coast of southern Florida, as far north as Anclote Keys; Key West and Dry Tortugas; winters in Colombia (Santa Marta region) and Panama (one record from Obaldia). 34: Cayman Islands (Little Cayman, 8; Cayman Brae, 7) ; Bahama Islands (Inagua, 9; Abaco, 1; Bimini, 1; Nassau, New Providence, 2) ; Cuba (unspecified, 3); Florida (Key West, 2); Dutch West Indies (Bonaire, 1). *Vireo altiloquus grand ior (Ridgway).1 OLD PROVIDENCE VIREO. Vireosylvia grandior Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 7, p. 178, 1884 — Old Providence (type in U. S. National Museum); Cory, Auk, 4, p. 180, 1887 — Old Providence. Vireosylva calidris grandior Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 143, 1904 — Old Providence (monog.). Vireo olivaceus grandior Fisher and Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 79, art. 10, p. 17, 1931— Old Providence. Range. — Island of Old Providence, Caribbean Sea. 7: Old Providence. *Vireo altiloquus canescens (Cory).2 SAINT ANDREWS VIREO. Vireosylvia canescens Cory, Auk, 4, pp. 178, 180, 1887 — St. Andrews Island (type in coll. of C. B. Cory, now in Field Museum). Vireosylva calidris canescens Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 143, 1904— St. Andrews. Vireo olivaceus canescens Fisher and Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 79, art. 10, p. 17, 1931— St. Andrews (crit.). Range. — Island of St. Andrews, Caribbean Sea. 4: St. Andrews. *Vireo philadelphicus (Cassin). PHILADELPHIA VIREO. Vireosylvia philadelphica Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 5, p. 153, 1851 — Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (type in the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 51, p. 31, 1899); idem, I.e., 6, pi. 1, fig. 2, 1852. 1 Vireo altiloquus grandior (Ridgway), the largest representative of the group, is not unlike V. a. barbadensis in coloration but is paler, with the dusky lateral stripe on the crown indistinct and the dusky submalar streak much narrower. 2 Vireo altiloquus canescens (Cory) : Resembles V. a. grandior in size and reduc- tion of dusky submalar streak, but is decidedly more grayish, less olivaceous, on the dorsal surface. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 151 Vireosylv(i)a philadelphica Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 340, 1866 (monog., range); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 151, 1904 (monog., full bibliog.); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 782, 1910 — Costa Rica (winter). Vireosylvia cobanensis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 463, 1860 — Coban, Guatemala (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in Britisn Museum). Range. — Canadian zone of North America, from northern Alberta, southern Manitoba, northern Ontario, New Brunswick, and Maine to North Dakota, Michigan, and New Hampshire; winters from Cozumel Island, Yucatan, and Guatemala to Panama. 24: New York (Gaines, 1); Illinois (Deerfield, 4; Waukegan, 3; Lake Forest, 5; Calumet, 1; Henry, 3); Costa Rica (Guayabo, 2; Palmar, 1; Port Limon, 1; Terraba, 1; Boruca, 1; Punta Mala, Rio Duquis, 1). *Vireo gilvus gilvus (Vieillot). EASTERN WARBLING VIREO. Muscicapa gilva Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amer. Sept., 1, "1807," p. 65, pi. 34, 1808— New York (type in coll. of P. L. VieiUot). Muscicapa melodia Wilson, Amer. Orn., 5, p. 85, pi. 42, fig. 2, 1812 — Penn- sylvania (type now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 343, 1930). Vireosylvia gilva Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 342, 1866 (monog., range). Vireosylva gilva gilva Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 153, 1904 (monog., full bibliog.). Vireo gilvus gilvus Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 316, 1932 — Guatemala. Range. — Transition and Austral zones of North America, from Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, and Nova Scotia south to* northwestern Texas, southern Louisiana, Kentucky, North Carolina, and Virginia, west to North Dakota; winters in Guatemala. 21: Connecticut (East Hartford, 1); Massachusetts (Cliftondale, 1); Ohio (Columbus, 3); Indiana (English Lake, 1); Illinois (Wolf Lake, 2; South Chicago, 1; Henry, 1); Wisconsin (Lake Koshkonong, 2; Beaver Dam, 8); Saskatchewan (Prince Albert, 1). *Vireo gilvus swainsonii Baird. WESTERN WARBLING VIREO. Vireo swainsonii Baird, Rep. Expl. Surv. R. R. Pac., 9, p. 336 (in text), 1858 — "Pacific coast" (type, from Petaluma, California, in U. S. National Museum). Vireosylvia swainsoni Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 343, 1866 — from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific coast (monog.). Vireosylva gilva swainsonii Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 155, 1904 (monog., full bibliog.); Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 152 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 1, p. 124, 1907— El Rancho and Patulul, Guatemala; Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 83, 1911 — Galindo, Tamaulipas; Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 67, p. 483, 1927— Presidio, Vera Cruz; idem, I.e., 68, p. 400, 1928— Chivela, Oaxaca; Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 194, 1928— Lower California; van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 281, 1931— Sonora; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 317, 1932 — Progreso, Guatemala. Range. — Western North America, from southern British Co- lumbia, southwestern Mackenzie, and northern Alberta south to Lower California, northern Sonora, Arizona, New Mexico, and central-western Texas, and east to western South Dakota and northwestern Nebraska; winters south to western Guatemala.1 44: Canada (Okanagan Landing, British Columbia, 3; unspecified, 1); Colorado (Fort Lyon, 2; Hot Sulphur Springs, 1; Williams Range, 1; unspecified, 1); Arizona (Calabasas, 6; Chiricahua Moun- tains, 2; Huachuca Mountains, 4); California (Little Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mountains, 2; Millard's Canyon, 1; Claremont, 1; Los Gatos, 2; Nicasio, 1; Mount Diablo, 1; Alhambra, 2; near Niles, 1); Mexico (Tuxpan, Jalisco, 1; Lower California, Sierra Laguna, 1; unspecified, 1) ; Guatemala (Patulul, Solola, 8; El Rancho, Zacapa, 1). Vireo gilvus brewsteri (Ridgway).2 CHIHUAHUAN WARBLING VIREO. Vireosylva gilva brewsteri Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16, p. 107, 1903 — Bravo, Chihuahua, Mexico (type in coll. of W. Brewster, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 343, 1930); idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 158, 1904— Chihuahua. Range. — Mountains of Chihuahua, in northwestern Mexico. Vireo leucophrys3 amauronotus Salvin and Godman.4 ORIZABA VIREO. 1 Oberholser (Sci. Publ. Clevel. Mus. N. H., 4, p. 9, 1932) has lately separated Vireosylva gilva leucopolia from Oregon (type from Barley Camp, Warner Mountains). 1 We are not acquainted with this race. 3 1 think it very likely that the V. leucophrys group will prove to be conspecific with the Warbling Vireo (V. gilvus), as was intimated long ago by Ridgway (Amer. Journ. Sci., (3), 4, p. 456, 1872). 4 Vireo leucophrys amauronotus Salvin and Godman is clearly but a geographic race of the South American species. The palest specimens of V. I. mirandae are just a faint shade more yellowish on the abdomen than Jalapa birds, the latter differing only by rather longer wings, less dusky pileum, and warmer brownish, less olivaceous, back. Moreover, the Chiapas race, which is autoptically unknown to us, appears to form the passage between amauronotus and chiriquensis, combin- ing the pale (whitish) under parts of the former with the dark-colored dorsal surface of the latter. Adult males measure as follows: wing, 69-71; tail, 49-52; bill, 11-12. Material examined. — Vera Cruz: Jalapa, 4. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 153 Vireo amauronotus Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 193, Dec., 1881 — Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Mexico (type in U. S. National Museum); Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 298, 1883— Orizaba; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 10, p. 25, 1898 — Jalapa, Vera Cruz (crit., song). Vireosylva amauronola amauronota Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 158, 1904 — highlands of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Vireosylvia gilva var. josephae (not Vireo josephae Sclater) Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 360 (footnote), 1874 — part, Orizaba, Vera Cruz. Range. — Subtropical zone of Vera Cruz (Orizaba, Jalapa), south- eastern Mexico. Vireo leucophrys strenuus Nelson.1 CHIAPAS VIREO. Vireo amauronotus strenuus Nelson, Auk, 17, p. 268, 1900 — Tumbala, Chiapas (type in U. S. National Museum). Vireosylva amauronota strenua Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 159, 1904— Chiapas. Range. — Subtropical zone of Chiapas (Tumbald), southern Mexico. *Vireo leucophrys chiriquensis (Bangs).2 CHIRIQU! VIREO. Vireosylva josephae chiriquensis Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 4, p. 9, March 24, 1903 — Boquete, Volcan de Chiriquf, Panama (type in coll. of E. A. and O. Bangs, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 344, 1930); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 161, 1904— part, Chiriqui. Vireosylva josephae costaricensis Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16, p. 107, Sept. 30, 1903 — San Jos6, Costa Rica (type in U. S. National Museum); idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 159, 1904— Costa Rica; Ferry, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 274, 1910— Coliblanco, Costa Rica; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 782, 1910 — El Copey, Santa Maria de Dota, La Estrella de Cartago, Puriscal, Volcan de Irazu, and Ujurras de T&raba, Costa Rica. 1 Vireo leucophrys strenuus Nelson: Similar to V. I. amauronotus on the under parts, but with the pileum much darker, deep sooty brown or sepia, and the back more brownish olive. Known from a single adult female in the collection of the U. S. National Museum. 2 Vireo leucophrys chiriquensis (Bangs) resembles V. I. leucophrys in the deep yellow coloration of the posterior under parts, but differs by brighter, more greenish back and slightly duller pileum. Though the characters are quite noticeable in a series, single individuals are not always easily told apart. Direct comparison of adequate material shows the alleged differences between chiriquensis and costaricensis to be non-existent. Additional material examined. — Costa Rica: La Estrella, 4; Irazu, 2. — Panama: Boquete, 4. 154 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Vireosylvia josephae (not Vireo josephae Sclater) Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 344, 1866 — part, Costa Rica (Barranca and Dota); Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 96, 1868— Barranca, Rancho Redondo, and Dota, Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 295, 1869 — Costa Rica; Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 53 — Naranjo, Costa Rica. Vireo josephae Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 194, 1881 — part, Costa Rica and Panama (Volcan de Chiriqui); Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 297, 1883 — part, Costa Rica to Panama; Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 108, 1887 — Rancho Redondo de San Jose; Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl.f 3, p. 58, 1902 — Boquete and Caribbean slope of Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama. Vireosylvia gilva var. josephae Ridgway, Amer. Journ. Sci., (3), 4, p. 456, 1872— part, Costa Rica. Range. — Subtropical zone of Costa Rica and extreme western Panama (Chiriqui). 7: Costa Rica (La Estrella de Cartago, 2; Volcan de Irazu, 2; Coliblanco, 1); Panama (Boquete, 2). Vireo leucophrys mirandae Hartert.1 MIRANDA'S VIREO. Vireo josephae mirandae Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 37, p. 32, 1917 — "Gali- paro" [= Galipan], Cerro del Avila, Venezuela (type in Tring Museum, now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York). Vireosylva josephae mirandae Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 431, 1922 — Las Nubes, El Libano, Valparaiso, Cincinnati, San Miguel, Cerro de Caracas, and Heights of Chirua, Santa Marta region, Colombia (crit., habits); Hellmayr, Arch. Naturg., 90, A, Heft 2, p. 159, 1924— Loma Redonda and Galipan, Venezuela (crit.). Vireosylvia josephae (not Vireo josephae Sclater) Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 344, 1866— part, "Puerto Cabello," Venezuela. Vireo josephae Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, p. 105, 1899 — "Paramo de Macotama," Colombia; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 172, 1900— Valparaiso, El Libano, and Las Nubes, Colombia. Vireo josephae josephae Hellmayr and Seilern, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 49, 1912 — Cumbre de Valencia, Venezuela. 1 Vireo leucophrys mirandae Hartert: Exceedingly close to V. I. leucophrys, but on average paler yellow underneath, and the dorsal plumage also slightly lighter, less brownish. Wing, 66-69, (female) 63-65; tail, 48-52, (female) 45-49; bill, 11-12. This is a very poor race, barely distinguishable in series by its averagingly paler coloration, particularly below. Santa Marta birds, of which we have examined a small number, appear to be inseparable from those of the Caracas region. A single female from La Cumbre de Valencia, though not different from the general run of "Bogota" skins, must, on geographical grounds, be referred to V. I. mirandae, if this form be maintained at all. Material examined. — Colombia: Santa Marta region, 5. — Venezuela: Loma Re- donda, north of Caracas, 1; Galipan, Cerro del Avila, 16; La Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo, 1. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 155 Vireosylva josephae chiriquensis (not of Bangs) Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 161, 1904 — part, Santa Marta region, Colombia. Range.— Subtropical zone of northern Colombia (Santa Marta region) and northern Venezuela (Cumbre de Valencia; north coast mountains near Caracas). *Vireo leucophrys leucophrys (Lafresnaye). WHITE-BROWED VlREO. Hylophilus leucophrys Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 7, p. 81, 1844 — "Colombie"= Bogota (type in coll. of F. de Lafresnaye, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 343, 1930); Bangs and Penard, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 35, p. 226, 1922 (crit.). Vireosylva leucophrys leucophrys Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 587, 1926 — Sabanilla and Baeza, eastern Ecuador (crit.); Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 414, 1929— Chinchao, Peru (crit.). Vireosylvia josephae (not Vireo josephae Sclater) Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 344, 1866 — part, Bogota; Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 509— Paltaypampa, Peru; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 224— Tambillo, Peru (spec, examined); Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1879, p. 495 — Concordia and Medellin, Colombia; Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 444, 1884 — Paltay- pampa and Tambillo, Peru; Taczanowski and Berlepsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, p. 75 — Machay, Mapoto, and Bafios, Ecuador; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, I.e., 1896, p. 332— Garita del Sol, Dept. Junin, Peru. Vireosylva josephae josephae Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 540, 1917 — part, San Antonio, Cerro Munchique, La Sierra, Miraflores, Salento, Santa Elena, El Eden, La Palma, La Candela, near San Agustin, Fusu- gasuga, and El Roble, Colombia; Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35, p. 458, 1918 — Tabaconas, northern Peru; Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 105, 1921 — Idma, San Miguel Bridge, and Santa Ana, Urubamba, Peru. Vireo josephae Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 297, 1883 — part, Colombia and Peru; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, p. 76, 1906 — Idma, Uru- bamba, Peru. Range. — Subtropical zone of extreme western Venezuela (Andes of MeYida and Tachira), Colombia (excepting Santa Marta region), eastern Ecuador, and Peru.1 4: Venezuela (Rio Chama, Me"rida, 1); Colombia (Paramo de Tama, Santander, 1; La Candela, Huira, 1); Peru (Chinchao, Dept. Huanuco, 1). 1 Specimens from various parts of Peru and the Meiida region, Venezuela, are obviously identical with a Colombian series. Additional material examined. — Venezuela, Me>ida: Meiida, 1; El Valle, 1; Conejos, 1. — Colombia: "Bogota," 14. — Ecuador: Bafios, 1. — Peru: Tambillo, 2; Idma, Urubamba, 1; Marcapata, 2; Chuhuasi, Sierra de Carabaya, 2. 156 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII *Vireo leucophrys josephae Sclater.1 ERASER'S VIREO. Vireo josephae Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 27, p. 137, pi. 154, 1859 — Pallatanga, Ecuador (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum) ; idem, I.e., 28, pp. 47, 85, 1860— Chillanes and Nanegal; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 297, 1883— part, Ecuador (Pallatanga, "Quito"); Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 77, 1922— Gualea, Ecuador. Vireosylvia josephae Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 344, 1866 — part, Ecuador; Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 287 — Pedregal and Cayandeled, Ecuador; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 316 — Mindo and Canzacota, Ecuador. Vireosylca josephae josephae Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 540, 1917 — part, Ricaurte, Narino, southwestern Colombia. Vireosylva leucophrys josephae Chapman, I.e., 55, p. 588, 1926 — Huigra, Pagma Forest, Naranjo, Rios Coco and Chimbo, Pallatanga, El Chiral, Zaruma, Punta Santa Ana, San Bartolo, Las Pinas, Celica, and Alamor, Ecuador, and Palambla, northwestern Peru. Vireosylvia gilva var. josephae Ridgway, Amer. Journ. Sci., (3), 4, p. 456, 1872 — part, Ecuador. Range. — Subtropical zone of extreme southwestern Colombia (Ricaurte, Narino), western Ecuador, and northwestern Peru (Palambla, Dept. Piura). 1: Colombia (Ricaurte, Narino, 1). Vireo leucophrys laetissimus (Todd).2 BOLIVIAN VIREO. Vireosylva leucophrys laetissima Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 37, p. 124, 1924 — Incachaca, Bolivia (type in Carnegie Museum). Range. — Subtropical zone of Bolivia, in depts. of La Paz and Cochabamba. 1 Vireo leucophrys josephae Sclater: Exactly like V. I. leucophrys, but with pileum darker, more fuscous black. West Ecuadorian birds, of which we have examined six, appear to be distinguishable by their more blackish cap. A single adult spec- imen from Ricaurte, near the southern extremity of the western Andes of Colombia, is similar. 1 Vireo leucophrys laetissimus (Todd) : Similar to V. I. leucophrys, but perhaps separable by slightly paler coloration. We have not enough material to form a definite opinion on the merits of this race. The describer, who based it on ten specimens, calls it "the most strongly marked of all the races," while Chapman states that his five Bolivian skins, though on average paler, can be matched by east Colombian examples. The only adult, a male from Chaco, Yungas, of La Paz, that we have been able to examine, is indeed lighter, both above and below, than any other specimen from Peru, Ecuador, or Colombia, but can be matched by some unusually dark individuals of mirandae. Material examined. — Bolivia: Chaco, 1; San Crist6bal, 2. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 157 Genus NEOCHLOE Sclater1 Neochloe Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 25, "1857," p. 213, pub. Jan., 1868 — type, by monotypy, Neochloe brevipennis Sclater. Neochloe brevipennis Sclater. GREEN-WINGED VIREO. Neochloe brevipennis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 25, "1857," p. 213, pub. Jan., 1858 — Orizaba, Vera Cruz (type in British Museum); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 372, 1866 — Orizaba (monog.); Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, p. 547, 1869— Orizaba; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- Amer., Aves, 1, p. 205, pi. 13, fig. 2, 1881 — Orizaba and Jalapa, Vera Cruz; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 305, 1883 — Orizaba; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 10, p. 26, 1898— Jalapa, Vera Cruz (habits); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 212, 1904— mountains of Vera Cruz (monog.). Range. — Mountains of Mexico, in Vera Cruz (Orizaba, Jalapa). Genus LALETES Sclater2 Laletes Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, p. 72 — type, by orig. desig., Laletes osburni Sclater. Laletes osburni Sclater. OSBURN'S VIREO. Laletes osburni Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, p. 72, pi. 14, fig. 2 — Freeman's Hall, Trelawny, Jamaica (types in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 359, 1862 — Freeman's Hall; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 383, 1866 — Jamaica (monog.); Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 313, 1883— Jamaica; Cory, Auk, 3, p. 190, 1886 — Jamaica (descr.); idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 77, 1889 — Jamaica; Scott, Auk, 10, p. 339, 1893— Jamaica; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 213, 1904— Jamaica (monog.). Range. — Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles. Genus HYLOPHILUS Temminck3 Hylophilus Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 29, text to pi. 173, Dec., 1822— type, by subs, desig. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., p. 23, 1840), Hylophilus poicilotis Temminck. 1 We have not been able to make a close study of this genus and are not prepared to commit ourselves on its merits. So far as the species is concerned, it is a distinct one, however, and differs radically in coloration from any other vireo, as inspection of the type specimen in the British Museum clearly showed. 2 According to Ridgway, this genus is "so nearly like Vireo that if Vireosylva and Lanivireo be not recognized Laletes certainly should not." There is no specimen available at present, but when we examined the species years ago we were not much impressed with the generic value of its structural divergencies, as compared to Vireo (s. strict.). 3 Hylophilus Temminck, set aside for a while in favor of Pachysylvia, again becomes the proper term of this genus, since the supposedly earlier Hylophila Huebner (Verz. Bek. Schmetterlinge, p. 396) was not published until 1827 (cf. Hampson, Entom. News, 28, p. 466, 1917; Sherborn and others, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (10), 3, p. 568, 1929). 158 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Pachysylvia Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., i, p. 309, 1851 — type, by monotypy, Sylvicola decurtata Bonaparte. *Hylophilus poicilotis poicilotis Temminck. RUFOUS-CROWNED HYLOPHILUS. Hylophilus poicilotis Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 29, pi. 173, fig. 2, Dec., 1822 — "Bresil" (type from Ypanema, Sao Paulo, in Leiden Museum). Sylvia poicilotis Nordmann, in Erman's Reise, Naturhist. Atlas, pp. 13, 14, 1835— Brazil. Hylophilus poecilotis Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 67, 1851 — Brazil; Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 110, 1856 — Nova Friburgo, Rio; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 375, 1866 — part, spec, ex "coast of Brazil" (G. Horner Collection); Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 70, 1868 — part, Sao Paulo (Ypanema, YtararS) and Parana (Jaguaraiba, Curytiba); Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 446 — part, Sao Paulo (Hytu, Sao Bento de Araraquara) and Rio de Janeiro (Macahe'); Sclater, Ibis, 1881, p. 300 — southern Brazil (monog.); White, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 595 — San Javier, Misiones; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 308, 1883 — Brazil (descr.); Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 1, p. 23, 1888 — San Javier, Misiones; Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 136, 1899 — Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 152, 1900— Nova Friburgo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 205, 1900 (nest descr.); (?) Grant, Ibis, 1911, p. 89 — Riacho Paraguay Mirim and Rabiche, near Corumba, Matto Grosso. Hylophilus poedlotes Miranda Ribeiro, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 13, p. 183, 1906 — Retiro do Ramos, Itatiaya. Pachysylvia poecilotis Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, p. 318, 1905 — Paraguay; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 336, 1907 — Sao Paulo (Ypiranga, Itatiba, Alto da Serra, Tiete, Rincao, Bauru, Rio Feio, Leme, Itarare) and southern Minas Geraes (Itatiaya); Chubb, Ibis, 1910, p. 613 — Sapucay, Paraguay; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 365, 1910 — Misiones (San Javier) and Paraguay (Puerto Bertoni); Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 61, 1914— Alto Parana; Dabbene, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 353, 1914— San Javier, Misiones; Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 184, 1926 — Banhados, Fazenda Durski, Cara Pintada, Therezina, Barra do Rio Bom, and Porto Mendes, Parana; Holt, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 57, p. 314, 1928— Serra do Itatiaya. Pachysylvia (Hylophilus) poecilotis Liiderwaldt, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), 27, p. 356, 1909— Itatiaya. Pachysylvia poicilotis Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 185, 1929 — southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Misiones (monog.). (?) Pachysylvia poecilotis poecilotis Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 335, 1930 — Riacho Paraguay Mirim and Rabiche, Matto Grosso (ex Grant). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 159 Serpophaga cinnamocephala Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., 1, No. 1, p. 125, 1901 — Alto Parana, Paraguay (type in coll. of A. de W. Bertoni); Arribalzaga, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 7, p. 365, 1902 (crit).1 Range. — Wooded region of southeastern Brazil, from Rio de Janeiro and the confines of Minas Geraes (Serra do Itatiaya) south through Sao Paulo and Parand to Santa Catharina, extending west to Paraguay (Alto Parana, Sapucay) and northeastern Argentina (San Javier and Puerto Segundo, Misiones); (?) southwestern Matto Grosso (vicinity of Corumba).2 3: Brazil (Joinville, Santa Catharina, 2); Argentina (Puerto Segundo, Misiones, 1). *Hylophilus poicilotis amaurocephalus (Nordmann). NORTH- ERN RUFOUS-CROWNED HYLOPHILUS. Sylvia amaurocephala Nordmann, in Erman's Reise, Naturhist. Atlas, p. 14, 1835 — "Brazil" (the type examined in the Berlin Museum was received from the Prince of Wied; type locality, therefore, boundary line of Minas Geraes and Bahia). Sylvia poicilotis (not Hylophilus poicilotis Temminck) Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), p. 715, 1831 — Sertao of the provinces of Minas Geraes and Bahia; Nordmann, in Erman's Reise, Naturhist. Atlas, pi. 9, fig. 3,J 1835. Hylophilus poecilotis Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 375, 1866 — part, descr. spec, ex Bahia; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 70, 1868 — part, Rio Parana, Sao Paulo; Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 446 — part, Lag8a Santa, Minas Geraes. 1 I now agree with Arribalzaga that Bertoni's bird is the Rufous-crowned Hylophilus, and not Euscarthmus meloryphus (Wied), as intimated in a preceding volume of this "Catalogue." 2 Two adults from Paraguay (Sapucay) and one from Misiones agree with others from Santa Catharina in very dark (nearly blackish) auriculars, decidedly yellowish under parts, and in having very little grayish suffusion behind the rufous cap. In Sao Paulo, this form intergrades with H. p. amaurocephalus, which reaches the southern limit of its distribution in the northern part of that state. Of five specimens obtained by Natterer at Ypanema three are typical poicilotis, one is less yellowish on the under parts, while the fifth is just as buffy below as Bahia examples of amaurocephalus, from which it merely differs by proportionately longer tail. Another adult male from Jaguaraiba, Parana, cannot be distinguished, even in size, from the latter race. The fact that it is H. p. amaurocephalus which inhabits the Parand region on the northern confines of Sao Paulo casts serious doubts on Grant's identification of birds from the vicinity of Corumba, Matto Grosso, as P. poicilotis, and reexamination is imperative in order to establish their proper status. Additional material examined. — Sao Paulo: Ypanema, 5; Itarar6, 1; Victoria de Botucatu, 1. — Parana: Jaguaraiba, 1; Curytiba, 1; Roga Nova, Serra do Mar, 1. — Santa Catharina: Ararangua, 3. — Paraguay: Sapucay, 2. 8 In spite of Nordmann's assertion that the figure was made from Erman's south Brazilian example, it unquestionably represents the form named by him S. amaurocephala. 160 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Hylophilus amaurocephalus Sclater, Ibis, 1881, p. 301 — Bahia and Minas Geraes (monog.); Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 308, 1883 — eastern Brazil. Paehysylvia amaurocephala Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 336, 1907 — Bahia; Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 186, 1929— eastern Brazil, from Piauhy and Ceara to Sao Paulo (monog.). Pachysylvia (Hylophilus) poecilotis amaurocephalus Reiser, Denks. Math.- Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 79, 1910— Bahia. Pachysylvia poidlotis amaurocephala Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 262, 1929— Arara, Piauhy, and Varzea Formosa, Ceara (crit.). Pachysylvia amaurocephala cearensis Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 73, p. 266, 1925 — Sao Paulo, Serra do Ibiapaba, Ceara (type probably in the Museo Nacional, Rio de Janeiro) ; idem, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 2, No. 6, p. 41, 1926 (nomen nudum). Range. — Eastern Brazil, from Piauhy and Ceara south through Bahia and Minas Geraes to northern Sao Paulo (Rio Parana).1 5: Brazil (Santo Amaro, Bahia, 1; Arara, Piauhy, 2; Varzea Formosa, Ceara, 2). Hylophilus thoracicus thoracicus Temminck. LEMON-CHESTED HYLOPHILUS. Hylophilus thoracicus Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 29, pi. 173, fig. 1, Dec., 1822 — "Bresil" (type from Rio de Janeiro, coll. by Natterer, in the Leiden Museum;2 Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 110, 1856 — coast district of Rio de Janeiro to the Rio Parahyba, "also in Sao Paulo"; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 375, 1866 — coast of Brazil; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 70, 1868 — part, Sapitiba and Rio de Janeiro, Prov. Rio de Janeiro (spec, examined); Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 137, 1899 — "Iguape, Sao Paulo" (no spec, extant). 1 Birds from northern Sao Paulo and Minas Geraes, while identical in colora- tion with more northern examples, are slightly larger (wing, 56-58, against 52-55; tail, 53-57, against 47-53) with stronger bills, and thus approach H. p. poicilotis. Nordmann's type, although partly discolored by preservation in alcohol, shows the same large proportions and, no doubt, came from Minas Geraes and not from Rio de Janeiro, as stated on the label. An adult male from Victoria de Botucatu and one from the Rio Parana, Sao Paulo, are typical of the present form, while another specimen from the first-named locality cannot be separated from poicilotis. Birds from Ceara (cearensis Snethlage) are indistinguishable from Bahia skins, but their slightly smaller size, in comparison to those from Minas and Sao Paulo, seems too insignificant a divergency to warrant their discrimination. Material examined. — Piauhy: Arara, 2. — Ceara: Varzea Formosa, 2. — Bahia: Santo Amaro, 1; Lamarao, 1; Bahia, 9. — Minas Geraes: Agua Suja, near Bagagem, 2. — Sao Paulo: Rio Parana, 1; Victoria de Botucatu, 1. 1 According to the original registers of the Vienna Museum, the specimen sent in exchange to, and figured by, Temminck was a male taken by Natterer in August, 1818, at Rio de Janeiro. A second male collected at the same time is still preserved in the Vienna Museum. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 161 Sylvia thoracica Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), p. 717, 1831 — Rio Parahyba, Rio de Janeiro. Pachysylvia thoracica Ihering and Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 336, 1907 — "Sao Paulo," Rio de Janeiro, and "Matto Grosso" (errore); Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 187, 1929— La Raiz, foot of Organ Mountains, Rio de Janeiro (monog.). Pachysylvia thoracica thoracica Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 20, 1908 — State of Rio de Janeiro (crit.). Range. — Wooded region of southeastern Brazil, in State of Rio de Janeiro (Rio Parahyba; Rio de Janeiro; Sapitiba; Manguinhos; La Raiz), and probably in the adjacent section of Sao Paulo.1 *Hylophilus thoracicus aemulus (Hellmayr).2 WESTERN GRAY- BELLIED HYLOPHILUS. Pachysylvia thoracica aemula Hellmayr, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bay., 1, No. 3, p. 15, Oct., 1920 — Yahuarmayo, Sierra de Carabaya, southeastern Peru (type in Munich Museum); idem, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 8, 1920 — Yahuarmayo, Peru, and "Bogota," Colombia (crit.). Hylophilus thoracicus (not of Temminck) Sclater, Ibis, 1881, p. 297 — part, "Colombia int. (Bogota)." Hylophilus thoracicus griseiventris Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 11, 1902— part, "Bogota." 1 There is remarkably little variation among the ten specimens before us. In opposition to what obtains in H. t. aemulus and H. t. griseiventris, they all have the temporal region and sides of the neck dingy grayish, the cheeks pale gray freckled with white, and the auriculars soiled brownish gray, very rarely with a slight olivaceous tinge, which is, however, much less pronounced than in the allied races. H. t. thoracicus differs, besides, by somewhat duller greenish upper parts, grayish (instead of warbler green) sides of the head, more whitish throat, brighter yellow (wax yellow rather than pyrite yellow) pectoral band, more buffy instead of pale grayish abdomen, much longer tail, and darker horn-color (plumbeous in life, according to Natterer) bill and feet. Wing, 57-61, (female) 55-58; tail, 55-60; bill, 12-13. Material examined. — Rio de Janeiro: Sapitiba, 2; Manguinhos, 1; Rio de Janeiro, 7. 2 Hylophilus thoracicus aemulus (Hellmayr): Similar to H. t. griseiventris in proportion of tail and pale-colored bill and feet; but occiput and hind neck mainly dull warbler green with very little grayish suffusion; throat more whitish; pectoral band brighter yellow as well as more extensive; posterior under parts medially more whitish, only the sides shaded with grayish. Wing, 54-58; tail, 46-48; bill, 12-13. By the coloration of the under parts this race forms the passage to H. t. thoracicus, partaking, as it does, of the whitish throat and wide bright yellow pectoral band; but aside from its shorter tail and greenish instead of grayish occiput and hind neck, it may be also distinguished by the less buffy, laterally distinctly grayish belly. "Bogota" skins seem to be inseparable. An immature bird from Rioja has dusky feet and bill, showing this character to be only of relative value. Material examined. — Colombia: "Bogota," 3. — Peru: Rioja, 2; Yahuarmayo, Carabaya, 1. 162 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Pachysylvia thoracica griseiventris Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 21, 1908 — part, "Bogota." Pachysylvia griseiventris aemula Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 190, 1929 — "Bogota," Colombia; La Pampa and La Rioja, Peru (monog.). Range. — Tropical zone along the eastern base of the Andes, from Colombia ("Bogota") to southeastern Peru. 3: Colombia ("Bogota," 1); Peru (Rioja, 2). Hylophilus thoracicus griseiventris Berlepsch and Hartert.1 GRAY-BELLIED HYLOPHILUS. Hylophilus thoracicus griseiventris Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 11, 1902 — Suapure, Caura River, Venezuela (type in Tring Museum examined). Pachysylvia thoracica griseiventris Ihering and Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 336, 1907 — part, Venezuela and Guiana; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 21, 1908 — part, Cayenne, Surinam, British Guiana (Bartica Grove, Camacusa, River Caramang), and Venezuela (Suapure and La Pricion, Caura) (crit.); Berlepsch, I.e., p. 315, 1908 — Cayenne; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 156, 1916 — Suapure and La Pricion, Caura River, Venezuela. Pachysylvia griseiventris Beebe, Trop. Wild Life, 1, p. 136, 1917 — Bartica Grove, British Guiana; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 394, 1921 — British Guiana (Ituribisci River, Supenaam, Bartica, Makouria River, Abary River, River Caramang, Camacusa). Pachysylvia griseiventris griseiventris Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 189, 1929 — French Guiana (Tamanoir, Pied Saut) and Brazil (Obidos; Sao Paulo do Olivenca; Hyutanahan, Nova Olinda, and Arima, Rio Purus) (monog.). Hylophilus thoracicus (not of Temminck) Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 44, 1862 — Cayenne; idem, Ibis, 1881, p. 297 — part, Cayenne and British Guiana; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 307, 1883— part, A. Northern race, Bartica Grove, British Guiana; Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 204 — Bartica Grove and Camacusa, British Guiana; Penard, Vog. Guyana, 2, p. 535, 1910— Surinam. 1 Hylophilus thoracicus griseiventris Berlepsch and Hartert: Similar to H. t. thoracicus, but tail considerably shorter; bill and feet paler brownish; auriculars and orbicular region dull warbler green instead of grayish; jugular band narrower and duller, pyrite yellow rather than wax yellow; throat and posterior under parts white with a decided grayish shade. Wing, 56-60, (female) 52-55; tail, 44-50; bill, 11^-13. Specimens from the Rio Purus and Sao Paulo de Olivenca are stated by Todd to vary to a certain extent in the direction of H. t. aemulus. Guianan examples are in every respect similar to those from the Caura River. Mr. Todd not only separates this bird specifically from H. thoracicus, but goes even so far as to place between them H. pectoralis and H. sclateri, an arrangement which, according to my views, merely serves to obscure their natural affinities. Material examined. — French Guiana: Cayenne, 1. — Dutch Guiana: "Interior of Surinam," 1. — British Guiana: Bartica Grove, 4; Camacusa, 1; River Caramang, 1; unspecified, 1. — Venezuela, Caura Valley: Suapure, 1; La Pricion, 1. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 163 Range. — French, Dutch, and British Guiana, and eastern Vene- zuela (Caura Valley), south to northern Brazil (Obidos; Sao Paulo de Olivenca, Rio Solimoes; Rio Purus). *Hylophilus semicinereus1 semicinereus Sclater and Salvin. GRAY-NAPED HYLOPHILUS. Hylophilus semicinereus Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 570, pi. 30, fig. 2— Para (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum, examined); Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 377 — Para; Sclater, Ibis, 1881, p. 308— Para (monog.); Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 312, 1883— Para (descr.). Pachysylvia thoracica semicinerea Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 355, 1906 — Santo Antonio do Prata, Para (crit.); Ihering and Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 336, 1907— Para; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 5, 1907— Itaituba, Rio Tapajoz, Borba and Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira (crit.); idem, I.e., 15, p. 21, 1908 — lower Amazon, from Para to the Rio Madeira (crit.); idem, I.e., 17, p. 266, 1910— Santa Izabel, Rio Preto; idem, Abhandl. Math.-Phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 87, 1912— Para localities; Beebe, Zoologica (N.Y.), 2, p. 96, 1916— Utinga, Para; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 172, 1928— Para. Pachysylvia semicinerea Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 497, 1908 — Itaituba, Rio Tapajoz; idem, I.e., 61, p. 518 (in text), 1913 (ecology); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 476, 1914 — part, Para, Mocajatuba, Providencia, Ananindeuba, Benevides, Maguary, Rio Guama (Santa Maria do Sao Miguel, Ourem), Rio Tocantins (Cameta, Baiao, Arumatheua), Rio Iriri (Santa Julia), and Rio Tapaj6z (Boim, Itaituba); Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 261, 1929— Tury-assu, Maranhao (crit.). Pachysylvia semicinerea semicinerea Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 190, 1929 — Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the Rio Madeira east to Maranhao (monog.); Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 334, 1930 — Barao Melgaco, Matto Grosso. Hylophilus thoracicus (not of Temminck) Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 70, 1868 — part, Salto do Girao and Borba, Rio Madeira (spec, examined). Pachysylvia thoracica griseiventris (not Hylophilus thoracicus griseiventris Berlepsch and Hartert) Ihering and Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 336, 1907 — part, Borba, Rio Madeira. 1 Hylophilus semicinereus, which I formerly regarded as a race of H. thoracicus, seems to be specifically distinct, since a closely allied representative, H. s. viridiceps, has been found living side by side with H. t. griseiventris in certain districts north of the Amazon. Though similar in general coloration, it may be distinguished from the last-named bird by lacking the yellowish jugular band and by having the auriculars as well as the sides of the neck grayish instead of greenish. Specimens from the Tapaj6z and Rio Madeira are obviously inseparable from Para birds, as has already been pointed out by Mr. Todd (I.e., p. 191). Material examined. — Maranhao: Tury-assu, 1. — Para: Para, 5; Santo Antonio do Prata, 2; Itaituba, Rio Tapajoz, 1. — Amazonas: Borba, 2; Salto do Girao, 1; Santa Izabel, Rio Preto, Rio Madeira, 2. 164 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Range. — Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from northern Maranhao (Tury-assu) to the Rio Madeira, south to northern Matto Orosso (Barao Melgaco). 1: Brazil (Tury-assu, Maranhao, 1). Hylophilus semicinereus viridiceps (Todd).1 GREEN-HEADED HYLOPHILUS. Pachysylvia semicinerea viridiceps Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 191, 1929 — Pied Saut, French Guiana (type in Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh). Pachysylvia semicinerea (not Hylophilus semicinereus Sclater and Salvin) Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 476, 1914— part, Rio Jary (Santo Antonio da Cachoeira), Obidos, and Rio Jamunda (Faro). Pachysylvia thoracicus semicinerea Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 157, 1916 — foot of Mount Duida, Venezuela (spec, examined). Range. — French Guiana (Pied Saut, Oyapock) and southern Venezuela (foot of Mount Duida, upper Orinoco), south to the north bank of the Amazon (Rio Jary; Obidos; Rio Jamunda; Manacapuru). Hylophilus flaviventris Cabanis.2 YELLOW-BELLIED HYLOPHILUS. Hylophilus flaviventris Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 64, 1873 — Monterico, Dept. Ayacucho, Peru (type formerly in Warsaw Museum; cf. Sztolcman and Domaniewski, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 6, p. 159, 1927); Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 509 — Monterico; Sclater, 1 Hylophilus semicinereus viridiceps (Todd) : Very similar to H. s. semicinereus, but dorsal surface duller, less yellowish green; the greenish suffusion on the sides of the chest less extensive as well as duller in tone; the median portion of breast and abdomen slightly more whitish, less tinged with grayish. Size about the same. This is a very unsatisfactory race, not one of the above-mentioned characters being absolutely constant. For instance, a specimen from French Guiana (Pied Saut) is very nearly as bright yellowish green as Para birds, one of which, further- more, has hardly more greenish on the lateral portions of the chest, while one from Borba, Rio Madeira, has the abdominal line fully as whitish as northern examples. In the coloration of the pileum and hind neck I fail to appreciate any difference, gray-naped individuals as well as others with nearly uniform greenish upper part of the head being equally represented in the series of both forms. Material examined. — French Guiana: Pied Saut, Oyapock, 2. — Brazil: Obidos, 1; Manacapuru, 1. — Venezuela: foot of Mount Duida, 1. 2 Hylophilus flaviventris Cabanis: Pileum and nape (abruptly defined poste- riorly) light earthy brown with a slight olivaceous tinge, caused by certain feathers being laterally edged with dull yellowish olive; back brownish olive green; rump and upper tail coverts clearer, light yellowish olive green, contrasting with the more brownish mantle; lesser wing coverts brownish like the upper back; median and greater coverts duller, more of a brownish gray, edged with greenish; remiges dusky, exteriorly margined with yellowish olive green, this margin passing into whitish along the apical half on the second to the sixth primaries; rectrices dull olive yellowish green, brighter on the edges; lores and orbital rim dingy white; sides of the head pale earthy brown, slightly variegated with whitish on cheeks and auriculars; throat and foreneck white, dingier laterally and posteriorly; remainder of under surface pale olive yellow (rather dull in tone), the flanks more 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 165 Ibis, 1881, p. 302— Monterico (crit.); Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 309, 1883— central Peru; Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 446, 1884— Monterico. Pachysylvia flaviventris Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 187, 1929 — Monterico (monog.). Range. — Tropical zone of central Peru, in Dept. Ayacucho (Mon- terico, east of Huanta). *Hylophilus pectoralis Sclater.1 CINEREOUS-HEADED HYLOPHILUS. Hylophilus pectoralis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 321 — "in Brazil merid. prov. Mattogrosso [et Rio de Janeiro," errore] (the type, an adult male obtained by Natterer in October, 1826, at Villa Bella de Matto Grosso, in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum, examined); Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 70, 1868— part, Villa Maria and [Villa Bella del Mattogrosso (Matto Grosso), Forte do Rio Branco, and Rio Amazonas, Brazil (spec, examined); Sclater, Ibis, 1881, p. 298 — Matto Grosso greenish and the crissum more yellowish; axillars and under wing coverts pale yellowish; inner margin to remiges nearly white. Bill pale horn brown, lighter below; feet dark horn. Wing (adult), 62; tail, 49; bill, 14; tarsus, 16. This is a very peculiar species, not to be confused with any other member of the genus, and is particularly well characterized by its elongated, slender bill. By possessing a distinct cap, this species approaches H. pectoralis, but has a much longer, slenderer bill and considerably longer wings. It differs, besides, by brownish mantle, much duller olive yellow ventral surface without any white on the abdomen, earthy brown instead of clear gray head, etc. The above description was made from the type specimen long before its loss, when it was forwarded to me for inspection from the Warsaw Museum through the good offices of the late M. Jean Stolzmann. 1 Hylophilus pectoralis Sclater differs from H. thoracicus (all races) by lacking the olivaceous color on forehead and anterior crown, the whole pileum being uniform light mouse gray like the sides of the head. The yellow pectoral area is even brighter and more extensive than in H. L thoracicus, but otherwise the colors are about the same in both. The present bird is obviously specifically distinct, since its range partly coincides with that of H. t. griseiventris. Subdivision of H. pectoralis seems to be impracticable. While two adults from Matto Grosso (Villa Maria) and one from Leopoldina, Goyaz, have paler bills and the yellow area underneath deeper in tone, the original specimens from Villa Bella, Matto Grosso, as well as the type of P. araguayae do not materially differ from a Guianan series. Moreover, birds from northern Maranhao vary considerably inter se, and one, an adult male from Tury-assu, very nearly matches the dark-breasted individuals mentioned above. The type of P. thoracicus (!) abariensis Chubb, which we have examined in the British Museum, is a perfectly normal specimen of H. pectoralis, agreeing particularly well with Sclater's original example from Villa Bella. If two forms were distinguishable, the northern one would be entitled to the name griseiceps Penard, based on Surinam birds. Additional material examined. — Brazil: Matto Grosso, Villa Bella, 1 (the type); Villa Maria [=Sao Luiz de Caceres], 2; Leopoldina, Rio Araguaya, 2; Rio Amazonas, 1; Santarem, 1; Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco, 1; Fazenda Nazareth, Mexiana, 3. — British Guiana: Abary River, 1; Annai, 3; Quonga, 1. — Dutch Guiana: Paramaribo, 7; Kwata, 2; Rijweg, 1. — French Guiana: Cayenne, 4; Roche-Marie, 1. 166 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII (monog.); Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 12 (in text), 1902 (crit.); Hagmann, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), 26, p. 25, 1907 — Mexiana. Hylophilus thoracicus (not of Temminck) Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 70, 1868 — part, Matto Grosso; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 307, 1883— part, B. "Southern race (H. pectoralis)," "interior of southern Brazil." Pachysylvia pectoralis Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 356 (in text), 1906 (range, crit.); Ihering and Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 336, 1907 — Santar&n (range); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 15, pp. 20, 22, 1908 — Rio Araguaya, Goyaz (range, crit.); Berlepsch, I.e., 15, p. 108, 1908 — Cayenne and Roche-Marie, French Guiana, and Monte Alegre, Brazil; Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-Phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2, pp. 99, 118, 1912 — Mexiana; Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 61, p. 518, 1913 (ecology); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 475, 1914 — Quati-puru, Rio Tocantins (Ilha Pae Lourenco), Maraj6 (Pacoval), Mexiana, Arumanduba, and Monte Alegre; Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 82, 1918— Paramaribo, Surinam; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 2, No. 6, p. 59, 1926 — Anil and Tury-assu, Maranhao; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 262, 1929— Tury-assu, Rosario, and Cod6, Cocos, Maranhao (crit.); Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 188, 1929 (monog.); Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 335, 1930— Matto Grosso (ex Pelzeln). Hylophilus griseiceps Penard and Penard, Vog. Guyana, 2, p. 538, 1910 — Surinam (location of type not stated). Hylophilus sclateri (not of Salvin and Godman) Penard and Penard, Vog. Guyana, 2, p. 535, 1910 — Surinam (nest and eggs descr.). Pachysylvia araguayae Reichenow, Journ. Orn., 68, p. 88, 1920 — Leopoldina, Rio Araguaya, Goyaz, Brazil (type in Berlin Museum examined). Pachysylvia thoracicus abariensis Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 395, 1921 — Abary River, Supenaam, Bartica, Bonasica, Annai, and Quonga, British Guiana (type, from Abary River, in McConnell Collection, now in British Museum, examined). Range. — French, Dutch, and British Guiana, and Brazil from the Rio Branco east to northern Maranhao and south to western Matto Grosso (Villa Bella, Sao Luiz de Caceres) and Goyaz (Leopol- dina, Rio Araguaya). 13: British Guiana (Georgetown, 2; unspecified, 1); Brazil (Boa Vista, Rio Branco, 3; Tury-assu, Maranhao, 4; Rosario, Maranhao, 2; Codo, Cocos, Maranhao, 1). Hylophilus sclateri Salvin and Godman.1 SCLATER'S HYLOPHILUS. 1 Hylophilus sclateri Salvin and Godman, though not unlike H. pectoralis in some respects, viz. the uniform gray pileum and sides of the head, is nevertheless quite distinct specifically. Besides being larger, it differs by having the forehead and lores tinged with clay color; mouse gray instead of warbler green upper tail coverts, tail, and wing edgings; buffy white throat; narrower and darker, primuline yellow jugular band, etc. Wing, 63-65, (female) 58-62; tail, 53-56, (female) 49-52; bill, 11-12. Material examined. — British Guiana: Roraima, 8. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 167 Hylophilus sclateri Salvin and Godman, Ibis, (5), 1, p. 205, 1883 — Roraima, British Guiana (type in Salvin-Godman Collection, now in British Museum); Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 204 — Camacusa and Roraima; idem, Ibis, 1886, p. 500— Mount Twek-quay. Pachysylvia sclateri Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 397, 1921 — Roraima and Camacusa, British Guiana; Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 189, 1929 — Mount Roraima (monog.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 63, p. 113, 1931 — Mount Roraima (Paulo, Arabupu, Philipp Camp) and Mount Duida (north of Laterite Valley). Range. — Upper Tropical and Subtropical zones of British Guiana (Camacusa; Mount Twek-quay; Roraima) and Venezuela (Laterite Valley, Mount Duida). Hylophilus muscicapinus1 muscicapinus Sclater and Salvin. FLYCATCHER-LIKE HYLOPHILUS. Hylophilus muscicapinus Sclater and Salvin, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., p. 156, 1873 — St. Louis d'Oyapock, French Guiana (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum); Sclater, Ibis, 1881, p. 300, pi. 10, fig. 1 — Oyapock and British Guiana (Corentyne River and Bartica Grove) (monog.); Salvin, Cat. Strickl. Coll., p. 113, 1882— Cayenne; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 308, 1883— Bartica Grove; Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 204— Bartica Grove; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 12, 1902 — Suapure, La Union, and Nicare, Caura River, Venezuela; Penard and Penard, Vog. Guyana, 2, p. 535, 1910 — Surinam. Pachysylvia muscicapina Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 315, 1908 — Saint Louis d'Oyapock, French Guiana; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 476, 1914 — Rio Jary (Santo Antonio da Cachoeira) and Obidos; Beebe, Trop. Wild Life, 1, p. 136, 1917— Bartica Grove; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 396, 1921 — Ituribisci, Supenaam, and Bartica, British Guiana. Pachysylvia muscicapina muscicapina Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 268, 1910 — French, Dutch, and British Guiana, and Venezuela (Caura Valley); Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 157, 1916— Venezuela (Caura River and foot of Mount Duida); Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 203, 1929 — Guiana and eastern Venezuela, south to Obidos, north bank of lower Amazon (monog.). Range. — French, Dutch, and British Guiana, and southern Venezuela (Caura Valley; Rio Cunucunuma, at the foot of Mount 1 Hylophilus muscicapinus is rather an isolated species with very long bill and peculiar coloration. By certain characters, such as the rufescent forehead and lores, it recalls H. sclateri, but has a proportionately shorter tail and longer bill. Furthermore, it differs by buffy rufous (instead of grayish) sides of the head and superciliaries; green (not mouse gray) upper tail coverts, tail, and wing edgings; buffy rufous instead of primuline yellow foreneck, etc. Wing, 58-61, (female) 55-57; tail, 46-49, (female) 44-47; bill, 13^-15. Birds from the Caura Valley agree well with others from the Guianas. Material examined. — French Guiana: Cayenne, 1. — Dutch Guiana: inland of Paramaribo, 2. — British Guiana: Camacusa, 2; Bartica Grove, 1. — Venezuela, Caura Valley: La Union, 2; Suapure, 6; Nicare, 1. 168 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Duida), south to the north bank of the lower Amazon, Brazil (Rio Jary; Obidos). Hylophilus muscicapinus griseifrons (Snethlage).1 GREY- FRONTED HYLOPHILUS. Pachysylvia muscicapina griseifrons Snethlage, Orn. Monatsber., 15, p. 160, 1907 — Villa Braga, Rio Tapajoz (type in Museu Goeldi, Para, now in Berlin Museum); idem, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 497, 1908— Villa Braga; Hell- mayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 268, 1910 — Maroins, Rio Machados, Rio Madeira (crit.); Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 476, 1914— Boim and Villa Braga, Rio Tapajoz; Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 203, 1929— Rio Tapajoz (Villa Braga, Apacy) to the Rio Madeira (monog.); Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 335, 1930— Rio Roosevelt, Broken Canoe Rapids, and Monte Cristo, Matto Grosso. Range. — Brazil south of the Amazon, from the Rio Tapajoz west to the Rio Madeira, south to northern Matto Grosso (Rio Roosevelt). Hylophilus brunneiceps brunneiceps Sclater.2 BROWN-HEADED HYLOPHILUS. Hylophilus brunneiceps Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 322 — "in Brasil. merid., Ypanema (Natterer)," errore (type from the Rio VaupS, a tributary of the upper Rio Negro,3 in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum, examined); Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 70, 1868 — Rio Vaupe" and Barcellos, Rio Negro; Sclater, Ibis, 1881, p. 305, pi. 11, fig. 1— Rio Negro and "Oyapock, Guiana" (monog.); Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 310, 1883 — "Guiana"; Berlepsch and Leverkiihn, Ornis, 6, p. 7, 1890 — "Angostura," Orinoco (crit.; spec., now in Berlin Museum, ex- amined); Penard and Penard, Vog. Guyana, 2, p. 537, 1910 — "Guiana." 1 Hylophilus muscicapinus griseifrons (Snethlage): Differs from the typical race by slightly brighter green upper parts, deeper isabelline-rufous sides of the head, more rufescent throat, and especially by having the forehead gray like the crown, not tinged with buffy. Wing (male), 59-62; tail, 45-47; bill, 13-14. Birds from Maroins, east side of the Rio Madeira, agree well with a topotype from Villa Braga. Material examined. — Brazil: Villa Braga, Rio Tapaj6z, 1; Maroins, Rio Machados, 2. 2 A very distinct species, easily recognizable by its brown (raw umber to light sepia) head (the sides being somewhat paler than the top), very pale brownish throat and chest, and light grayish belly with pale yellowish under wing and under tail coverts. Four specimens from the upper Rio Negro agree very well together. An adult said to be from "Angostura," Orinoco, differs by paler, more grayish buff throat and foreneck, while a "male" from San Fernando de Atabapo has these parts washed with olive buff. Wing, 56-57, (female) 53-54; tail, 41-46; bill, 12-13. Material examined. — Brazil, Rio Negro: Barcellos, 1; Rio Vaup6, 3. — Vene- zuela: "Angostura," 1; San Fernando de Atabapo, 1. 8 According to the registers of the Vienna Museum, the type, a male, was obtained by Natterer on the Rio Vaup6 on July 20, 1831. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 169 Pachysykia brunneiceps Ihering and Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 337, 1907 — "Guyana," "Amazonia," Rio Negro; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 157, 1916 — San Fernando de Atabapo, upper Orinoco; Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 192, 1929 — Rio Negro to southern Venezuela (monog.). Range. — Northwestern Brazil (upper Rio Negro and its tribu- taries) and the adjoining section of southern Venezuela (San Fer- nando de Atabapo, upper Orinoco).1 Hylophilus brunneiceps inornatus (Snethlage).2 SOUTHERN BROWN-HEADED HYLOPHILUS. Pachysylvia inornata Snethlage, Orn. Monatsber., 22, p. 43, 1914 — Cameta, Rio Tocantins, Brazil (type in Museu Goeldi, Para, now in Berlin Museum, examined); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, pp. 478, 499, 1914— Cameta, Rio Tocantins, and Santa Elena, Rio Jamauchim; Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 202, 1929— Rio Tapajoz to the Tocantins (monog.). Range. — Northern Brazil south of the Amazon, from the Rio Tocantins to the Rio Tapajoz. Hylophilus semi-brunneus Lafresnaye.3 RUFOUS-NAPED HYLOPHILUS. 1 The locality "Oyapock," French Guiana, is doubtless erroneous. I have reason to believe that the collection, containing the two specimens in the British Museum, received from Madame Verdey of Paris, actually originated from the upper Orinoco. Todd also states that Klages failed to meet with the species in French Guiana. It is likewise questionable whether H. b. brunneiceps descends the Orinoco as far as "Angostura," whence the Berlin Museum has an example, acquired from the natural history dealer Brandt, of Hamburg. It is more likely to have been obtained farther up the river. 2 Hylophilus brunneiceps inornatus (Snethlage): Very close to H. b. brunneiceps, but with slightly longer wings; throat nearly grayish white, not washed with buffy or brownish; the remainder of the under parts more or less strongly washed with yellowish citrine. Wing, 56-58; tail, 42-46; bill, 12-13. This is a slightly differentiated race, representing H. b. brunneiceps south of the lower Amazon, and distinguished by more grayish or whitish throat and yellowish abdomen. Certain specimens from the Rio Tapaj6z, which we have seen in the collection of the Carnegie Museum, run rather close to the "Angostura" bird mentioned under the preceding heading. Mr. Todd places this form in the vicinity of H. hypoxanthus, but we cannot see that the two species have anything in common except a superficial resemblance in the coloration of the pileum. Material examined. — Brazil: Cameta, Rio Tocantins, 1 (the type); Santa Elena, Rio Jamauchim, 1; Rio Tapaj6z, 6. 3 Hylophilus semi-brunneus Lafresnaye is allied to, possibly even conspecific with, H. aurantiifrons, its close resemblance in the immature plumage to the latter bird affording strong evidence for such relationship. A single topotype from eastern Ecuador (San Jos6 de Sumaco) is so closely matched by various Colombian examples that I am inclined to agree with Mr. Todd in not maintaining P. s, leucogastra. Material examined. — Colombia: "Bogota," 10; Primavera, Cauca, western Andes, 4; Miraflores, 2. — Ecuador: below San Jos6 de Sumaco, 1. 170 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Hylophilus semi-brunneus Lafresnaye, Rev. ZooL, 8, p. 341, 1845 — Bogota, Colombia (type in coll. of F. de Lafresnaye, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. ZooL, 70, p. 345, 1930); Sclater, Proc. ZooL Soc. Lond., 23, p. 144, 1855 — Bogota; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 374, 1866— Bogota; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 495 — Concordia, Antioquia; Sclater, Ibis, 1881, p. 302 — Bogota and Concordia, Colombia (monog.); Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 309, 1883— Colombia. Pachysylvia semibrunnea Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 540, 1917 — Las Lomitas, San Antonio, La Manuelita, Miraflores, San Agustin, and Fusugasuga, Colombia; Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 201, 1929 — Colombia and eastern Ecuador (monog.). Pachysylvia semibrunnea leucogastra Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 143, p. 1, 1924 — below San Jose" de Sumaco, eastern Ecuador (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 588, 1926— same locality. Range. — Subtropical zone of Colombia (except Santa Marta region) and eastern Ecuador. Hylophilus aurantiifrons aurantiifrons Lawrence. OCHER- FRONTED HYLOPHILUS. Hylophilus aurantiifrons Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 324, 1861 — Panama Railroad (type in coll. of G. N. Lawrence, now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 377, 1866— Panama (descr.); Sclater, Ibis, 1881, p. 303— part, Panama (crit.); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 207, 1882— part, Panama Railroad; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 310, 1883 —part, Panama; Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 142, 1898— Santa Marta, Colombia; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 172, 1900 — Bonda, Santa Marta. Hylophilus hypoxanthus (not of Pelzeln) Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1880, p. 118 — Valencia, Santa Marta region. Pachysylvia aurantiifrons aurantiifrons Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 220, 1904 — from Santa Marta to Panama (monog.); Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. ZooL, 46, p. 220, 1906 — savanna of Panama; Hellmayr, Nov. ZooL, 13, p. 12, 1906 — Panama to Santa Marta (crit.); Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 273, 1918— Pedro Miguel, Panama; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 430, 1922 — Bonda, Don Diego, Dibulla, Fundacion, Minca, Mamatoco, La Tigrera, Tucurinca, and Valencia, Santa Marta region (habits); Hallinan, Auk, 41, p. 324, 1924— Rio Velazquez, Panama; Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 199, 1929 — Caribbean coast of Colombia to Panama (monog.) ; Darling- ton, Bull. Mus. Comp. ZooL, 71, p. 410, 1931— Rio Frio, Magdalena. Range. — Caribbean coast region of Colombia, west to the Isthmus of Panama (Canal Zone).1 1 Specimens from the Santa Marta region seem identical with Panama birds. Material examined. — Panama: Panama, 3. — Colombia, Santa Marta: Mama- toco, 2; Bonda, 8; Minca, 3. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 171 "Hylophilus aurantiifrons saturatus (Hellmayr).1 EASTERN OCHER-FRONTED HYLOPHILUS. Pachysylvia aurantiifrons saturata Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 12, 1906 — Caparo, Trinidad, and vicinity of Cumana, Venezuela (no type locality indicated; type from Rincon de San Antonio, State of Sucre, northeastern Venezuela, in Tring Museum); Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 1, p. 188, 1906 — Aripo, Trinidad; idem, I.e., p. 357, 1908— Pointe Gourde, Carenage, and Aripo, Trinidad; Beebe, Zoologica (N.Y.), 1, p. 100, 1909— Guanoco, Gulf of Paria, Venezuela; Hellmayr and Seilern, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 49, 1912 — Las Quiguas, Carabobo (crit.); Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 207, 1913 — Cariaquito, Paria Peninsula, Venezuela; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 156, 1916— Guanoco, Venezuela (ex Beebe); Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 200, 1929 — Caribbean coast of Venezuela, east to Trinidad, south to Colombia east of the eastern Andes (monog.). Hylophilus insularis (not of Sclater) Le"otaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 186, 1866 — Trinidad; Sclater, Ibis, 1881, p. 305— part, Trinidad (ex Le"otaud). Hylophilus hypoxanthus (not of Pelzeln) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, pp. 627, 629— San Esteban, Carabobo. Pachysylvia aurantiifrons hypoxantha Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 215, 1904 — part, Venezuela, Trinidad, and "Guiana" (crit.). Hylophilus aurantiifrons (not of Lawrence) Sclater, Ibis, 1881, p. 303 — part, "Guiana (?)," Trinidad, and Venezuela (San Esteban, Valencia); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 207, 1882 — part, Venezuela and "Guiana"; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 310, 1883 — part (descr.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 6, p. 27, 1894 — Princes- town, Trinidad; Phelps, Auk, 14, p. 364, 1897 — Cumana, San Antonio, and Guanaguana, Venezuela; Robinson and Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 177, 1901 — San Julian, near La Guaira, Venezuela. Range. — Island of Trinidad and Caribbean coast district of Vene- zuela, from Sucre west to Zulia; (?) eastern Colombia (Palmar, Boyacd, eastern base of the eastern Andes).2 1 Hylophilus aurantiifrons saturatus (Hellmayr): Very close to H. a. aurantii- frons, but under parts brighter yellow and more strongly tinged with buffy or ochraceous across the chest. Comparison of large series from Trinidad and the Venezuelan mainland tends to demonstrate their identity. Neither is the pileum duller, nor are the under parts paler in Venezuelan birds, as has been claimed by Ridgway, who had, however, very little material. While individual specimens are not always distinguishable from aurantiifrons, the more richly colored under parts render the present form quite recognizable, when series are laid out side by side. Additional material examined. — Trinidad: Caparo, 14; Chaguaramas, 1; Icacos, 2; Aripo, 8. — Venezuela, Sucr6: Cumana, 6; San Antonio, 1; Quebrada Secca, 1; Santa Ana, 2; Celci Puede, 1; Los Palmales, 1; La Tigrera, 3; Campos Alegre, 3; Carabobo, Las Quiguas, 3; Cumbre Chiquita, 1; San Esteban, 2; Tucacas, 1. 2 According to Todd (I.e.), a single specimen from the above locality seems to be referable to H. a. saturatus. More material is, however, needed to establish its subspecific identity beyond doubt. "Guiana," indicated for this Hylophilus by certain early writers, refers to specimens of the so-called "Trinidad-make." The species does not occur anywhere in Guiana proper. 172 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 14: Trinidad, 1; Venezuela (Caracas, 9; Lake Valencia, 1; Mara- cay, Aragua, 3). Hylophilus hypoxanthus hypoxanthus Pelzeln.1 DUSKY-CAPPED HYLOPHILUS. Hylophilus hypoxanthus Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, pp. 71, 136, 1868 — Rio Icanna and Rio Vaup6, upper Rio Negro, Brazil (types in Vienna Museum examined). Hylophilus fuscieapillus Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880, p. 155 — Sarayacu, eastern Ecuador (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum, examined); Sclater, Ibis, 1881, p. 303, pi. 10, fig. 2— Sarayacu; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 309, 1883— Ecuador (descr.). Pachysylvia hypoxantha Ihering and Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 337, 1907— Rio Negro and Ecuador; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 477, 1914 — part, Amazonia. Pachysylvia hypoxantha hypoxantha Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 12 (in text), 1906 — Rio Icanna and Rio Negro (crit.); Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 201, 1929 — Tonantins and Manacapuru, Rio SolimSes (monog.). Pachysylvia hypoxantha fuscicapilla Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 12 (in text), 1906 — Sarayacu, Ecuador (crit.). Pachysylvia fuscicapilla fuscicapilla Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H.f 55, p. 588, 1926 — Rio Suno and below San Jos6, eastern Ecuador, and La Merced, Peru (crit.). Range. — Upper Amazonia, from eastern Ecuador south to central Peru (La Merced, Chanchamayo, Dept. Junin) and east to the Rio Negro, Brazil. 1 Hylophilus hypoxanthus Pelzeln, though related to H, aurantiifrons, differs nevertheless very markedly by the total absence of yellow on forehead and supraloral region; much darker, olive brown or sepia brown pileum, passing into buffy or brownish olive on the back and leaving only the rump and upper tail coverts greenish, the tone of this green as well as that of the wing coverts, tail, and wing feathers being considerably darker; dull brownish instead of bright Isabella color sides of the head and neck; much more greenish yellow under parts with just a faint buffy tinge across the foreneck; paler yellow under wing coverts; narrower and more whitish inner margin to the remiges, etc. Wing, 59-60, (female) 54-57; tail, 45-46, (female) 40-43; bill, 12-13^. Specimens from Sarayacu (H. fuscieapillus) are not satisfactorily separable from the female type of H. hypoxanthus, obtained by Natterer on the Rio Vaup6, and an adult of the same sex from Pebas, Rip Maranon, is also similar. Natterer's male example from the Rio Icanna is considerably paler yellowish beneath with a more whitish throat, doubtless an individual variation. Both Chapman and Todd mention aberrant individuals from Manacapuru, just west of the mouth of the Rio Negro, and La Merced, Peru, respectively. Without adequate series from these localities it is, of course, impossible to properly explain the significance of this variation. Material examined. — Ecuador: Sarayacu, 3. — Peru: Pebas, 1. — Brazil: Rio Icanna, 1; Rio Vaup6, 1. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 173 Hylophilus hypoxanthus albigula (Chapman).1 WHITE-THROATED HYLOPHILUS. Pachysylvia fuscicapilla albigula Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 18, p. 11, 1921 — Santa Julia, Rio Iriri (branch of the Xingu), Brazil (type in Museu Goeldi, Para). Pachysylvia hypoxantha albigula Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 200, 1929 — Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the Xingu to the Rio Purus (monog.). Range. — Brazil south of the Amazon, from the Rio Xingu to the Rio Purus. Hylophilus olivaceus Tschudi.2 OLIVACEOUS HYLOPHILUS. Hylophilus olivaceus Tschudi, Arch. Naturg., 10, (1), p. 284, 1844 — Peru (type in Neuchatel Museum); idem, Unters. Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 195, 1846 — eastern slope of the Peruvian Andes (probably Dept. Junln) ; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 375, 1866— Peru (ex Tschudi); Sclater, Ibis, 1881, p. 310— Peru (ex Tschudi); Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 7— Huambo; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 313, 1883— Huambo; Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 447, 1884 — Huambo and Chirimoto, Peru (crit.); Taczanowski and Berlepsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, p. 75 — Mapoto, Ecuador. 1 Hylophilus hypoxanthus albigula (Chapman): Very similar to H. h. hypo- xanthus, but under parts richer and brighter, lemon yellow rather than barium yellow, without the faint buffy tinge across the foreneck; throat generally of a purer, more grayish white, less buffy; and back brighter, brownish citrine rather than buffy olive. Wing, 58-61, (female) 55-57; tail, 45-49, (female) 43-44; bill, 12-13^. The best character by which to recognize this form is the brighter, richer yel- low color of the under parts. However, one specimen, a female from the Rio Purus (Nova Olinda), is much paler than the others, with slight whitish flammulations on the breast, and closely resembles the male of H. hypoxanthus from the Rio Iganna, which has also the throat very nearly as whitish. Material examined. — Brazil: Caviana, Rio SolimSes, 1; Rio Purus, Hyutana- han, 2; Arima, 1; Nova Olinda, 1. 1 Hylophilus olivaceus Tschudi, a little-known species, seems to be allied to H. flavipes. The proportions and the shape of the pale brown bill are about the same, and the general style of coloration, including the pale brown feet, is very similar. The Peruvian bird differs, however, by duller (yellowish olive) upper parts, more yellowish forehead, more greenish sides of the head, and uniform olive yellow under parts from chin to tail coverts, with just a few white-tipped feathers in the anal region. Wing, (male) 60 1A, (female) 58; tail, 55, (female) 49; bill, 13. We have examined an adult male from Chirimoto and a molting female from Huambo, Dept. San Martin, Peru, which agree substantially with Tschudi's rather vague account. Moreover, they had been compared and found identical with the type, as stated by Taczanowski (Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 447), who, at the same time, corrects some inaccuracies in Tschudi's description. On the other hand, I am not quite certain that east Ecuadorian birds are the same, judging from Chapman's and notably Todd's remarks: "Below buffy whitish, the throat, breast, and sides heavily shaded with olive yellow" and "more brownish on the pileum." Their specimens may have been immature, however, since Taczanowski (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, p. 75) pronounced a male from Mapoto to be "identique aux oiseaux pSruviens." Material examined. — Peru: Chirimoto, 1; Huambo, 1. 174 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Pachysylvia olivacea Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 589, 1926 — below Oyacachi and below San Jose", eastern Ecuador; Berlioz, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 34, p. 442, 1928— Chaco, eastern Ecuador; Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 197, 1929— eastern Ecuador (monog.). Range. — Subtropical zone of eastern Peru (Huambo and Chiri- moto, Huayabamba Valley, Dept. San Martin) and eastern Ecuador (Mapoto; below Oyacachi; below San Jose"). *Hylophilus flavipes viridiflavus Lawrence.1 YELLOW-GREEN HYLOPHILUS. Hylophilus viridiflavus Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 324, 1861 — line of Panama Railroad (type in coll. of G. N. Lawrence, now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 348 — Panama Railroad; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 380, 1866— Panama (crit.); Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 137— Santa Fe", Veragua; idem, I.e., 1870, p. 184— Bugaba, Chiriqui; Sclater, Ibis, 1881, p. 309 — Veragua and Panama (monog.); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 208, pi. 13, fig. 1, 1882 — Panama (Bugaba, Santa Fe, railroad line); Cherrie, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 4, p. 137, 1893 — Buenos Aires, Costa Rica; Griscom, Auk, 50, p. 306, 1933— Rio Chepo, Darien. Hylophilus flavipes B. Northern race (H. viridiflavus} Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 312, 1883 — Veragua and Isthmus of Panama. Hylophilus flavipes viridiflavus Bangs, Auk, 18, p. 368, 1901 — Divala and David, Chiriqui. Pachysylvia viridiflava Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 221, 1904 — Isthmus of Panama to Veragua (monog.); Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, p. 220, 1906 — savanna of Panama; Bangs, Auk, 24, p. 305, 1907 — Boruca, Costa Rica; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 777, 1910— Pigres, El General de Terraba, Pozo Azul de Pirris, and Buenos Aires de Terraba, southwestern Costa Rica (habits); Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 273, 1918— Mount Hope and Gatun, Panama; Hallinan, Auk, 41, p. 324, 1924— Corozal, Panama; Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 199, 1929 — Panama and southwestern Costa Rica (monog.). Hylophilus viridiflavus pallescens Davidson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 45, p. 168, 1932 — near Concepcion, Chiriquf, Panama (type in California Academy of Sciences). 1 Hylophilus flavipes viridiflavus Lawrence is certainly nothing but a well- marked race, differing from H. f. flavipes by brighter, warbler green rather than dark citrine, upper parts; grayish instead of buffy yellow sides of the head with more whitish supraloral streak; grayish white throat and bright yellow (near amber yellow) under parts without any buffy posteriorly. While admitting that birds from Chiriqui and Costa Rica (pallescens) average slightly darker (olive citrine rather than citrine) above and a trifle more buffy on the chest, I do not consider this insignificant variation worthy of recognition in nomenclature. Additional material examined. — Costa Rica: Pozo Azul, 3. — Panama: Chiriquf, 2; Panama, 1. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 175 Range. — Pacific lowlands of southwestern Costa Rica (from Pigres southward) and western Panama, east to Darien (Rio Chepo). 5: Costa Rica (Buenos Aires, 3); Panama (Colon, 2). *Hylophilus flavipes flavipes Lafresnaye. PALE-LEGGED HYLOPHILUS. Hylophilus flavipes Lafresnaye, Rev. ZooL, 8, p. 342, 1845 — Bogota, Colombia (type in coll. of F. de Lafresnaye, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 345, 1930); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 144, 1855— Bogota; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 375, 1866— Bogota; Sclater, Ibis, 1881, p. 309— part, Colombia, Bogota (monog.); Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 142, 1898— Santa Marta; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 172, 1900— Bonda, Colombia. Hylophilus flavipes A. Southern race (H. flavipes) Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 312, 1883— part, Colombia. Pachysylvia flavipes Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 216, 1904 — coast district of Colombia, east of Gulf of Uraba (diag.). Pachysylvia flavipes flavipes Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 540, 1917 — La Playa (Barranquilla), Calamar and Chicoral, Magdalena Valley, and Villavicencio, eastern base of eastern Andes, Colombia; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 430, 1922 — Bonda, Mamatoco, Dibulla, La Tigrera, Fundaci6n, Rio Hacha, Santa Marta, and Valencia, Colombia (habits); Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 198, 1929— Colombia (monog.); Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 410, 1931— Rio Frio, Magdalena. Range. — Tropical zone of Colombia (Caribbean coast from Barranquilla to Rio Hacha, La Goajira; Magdalena Valley; Villavi- cencio, at the eastern base of the eastern Andes).1 2: Colombia (Cartagena, Dept. Bolivar, 1; Fundaci6n, Santa Marta, 1). "Hylophilus flavipes acuticauda Lawrence.2 BUFF-BELLIED HYLOPHILUS. 1 Specimens from Santa Marta, though less yellowish on the abdomen than Bogota skins, appear, as a whole, to be nearer to flavipes than acuticauda. Additional material examined. — Colombia: "Bogota," 26; Mamatoco, 2; Bonda, 5. 2 Hylophilus flavipes acuticauda Lawrence: Similar to H. f. flavipes, but colora- tion duller and less yellowish; upper parts duller citrine; under surface buffy, more brownish anteriorly, at best with a little yellowish on flanks and crissum. Birds from Margarita Island (H. griseipes) are identical with those from the opposite Venezuelan coast (vicinity of Cumana), whereas specimens from the banks of the Orinoco and from Caracas westwards have, on average, more yellowish or greenish suffusion on the flanks. However, this variation is too erratic and unstable to justify the recognition of an eastern form, for which Richmond's term would be available. In the Maracaibo basin intergradation to H. f. flavipes takes place, and certain individuals can very nearly be matched by Bogota skins. It is 176 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Hylophilus acuticauda(us) Lawrence, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, p. 37 — Venezuela1 (descr. of immature; type in coll. of G. N. Lawrence, now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 378, 1866 — Venezuela (descr. of type); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, pp. 166, 170— Caracas (crit.); idem, I.e., 1869, p. 252— plain of Valencia, Venezuela; Sclater, Ibis, 1881, p. 304— Venezuela (crit.). Hylophilus flavipes acuticauda Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 12, 1902 — Ciudad Bolivar, Altagracia, and Caicara, Rio Orinoco, Venezuela (crit.). Pachysylvia acuticauda Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 216, 1904 — Venezuela (diag.). Pachysylvia flavipes acuticauda Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 156, 1916 — Ciudad Bolivar and Caicara, Rio Orinoco; Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 197, 1929— Venezuela (monog.). Hylophilus griseipes Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18, p. 678, 1896 — Margarita Island, Venezuela (type in U. S. National Museum); Clark, Auk, 19, p. 266, 1902— Margarita Island. Pachysylvia griseipes Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 216, 1904 — Margarita Island (diag.); Lowe, Ibis, 1907, p. 561 — Margarita Island; idem, Ibis, 1909, p. 323 — Cariaco, Paria Peninsula, Venezuela; Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, pp. 249, 254, 1909— Margarita Island. Hylophilus flavipes (not of Lafresnaye) Sclater, Ibis, 1881, p. 309 — part, spec. ex Valencia, Venezuela (spec, examined) ; Phelps, Auk, 14, p. 364, 1897 — Cumanacoa and San Antonio, Sucr6, Venezuela. Range. — Venezuela, from Margarita Island and the Paria Penin- sula west to the Maracaibo basin, south to the Orinoco Valley. 14: Venezuela (Margarita Island, 6; Caracas, 2; Macuto, Caracas, 2; Maracay, Aragua, 1; Rio Aurare, Zulia, 1; Encontrados, Cata- tumbo River, Zulia, 2). *Hylophilus flavipes insularis Sclater.2 TOBAGO HYLOPHILUS. needless to repeat that the present form, long confused with H. aurantiifrons saturatus, is totally different specifically, as first pointed out by J. A. Allen (Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 172, 1900). Additional material examined. — Sucre: plain of Cumana, 9; San Felix, inland of Cuman&, 1; Cariaco, Paria Peninsula, 2. — Orinoco Valley: Ciudad Bolivar, 6; Altagracia, 8; Caicara, 4. — Caracas, 1. — Carabobo: Puerto Cabello, 1; plain of Valencia, 1. 1 Puerto La Cruz, Carabobo, suggested as type locality by Todd (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 198, 1929). 1 Hylophilus flavipes insularis Sclater: Similar in coloration to H. f. acuticauda, but larger, with longer, heavier bill. Wing, 59-63, (female) 57-59; tail, 48-50, (female) 46-48; bill, 12^-13^. Examination of a large series shows the Tobago form to be exceedingly variable in coloration. When compared to H. /. acuticauda, the under parts are generally more uniform olive buff, though selected individuals run very close. The pileum 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 177 Hylophilua insularis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, p. 128 — Tobago (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum, examined); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 45, 1862— Tobago; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds.f 1, p. 379, 1866— Tobago (crit.); Sclater, Ibis, 1881, p. 305— part, Tobago (crit.); Cory, Auk, 10, p. 220, 1893— Tobago; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 3 (note), 1906 — Tobago. Pachysylvia insularis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 216, 1904— Tobago (diag.); Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 196, 1929— Tobago (monog.). Hylophilus aurantiifrons (not of Lawrence) Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 310, 1883 — part, type of H. insularis, erroneously ascribed to Trinidad. Hylophilus pallidifrons Dalmas, M6m. Soc. Zool. France, 13, p. 135, 1900 — Tobago (type in coll. of R. de Dalmas, now in Tring Museum, examined). Range. — Tobago Island. 13: Tobago Island. *Hylophilus ochraceiceps ochraceiceps Sclater. TAWNY- CROWNED HYLOPHILUS. Hylophilus ochraceiceps Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 27, p. 375, 1859 — Playa Vicente, Oaxaca, Mexico (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum) ; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1860, p. 397 — Choctum, Guate- mala; Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 44, pi. 5, 1862 — Oaxaca and Choctum (Vera Paz); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 376, 1866 — Mexico to Costa Rica; Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 97, 1868 — Angostura, Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 295, 1869 — Costa Rica; Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 184 — Bugaba, Chiriqui; Boucard, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, (n.s.), 25, p. 41, 1878 — Vera Paz, Guatemala; Sclater, Ibis, 1881, p. 306 — Mexico (Oaxaca), Guatemala (Choctum, Chisec, Rio de la Pasion), Costa Rica, Veragua, and Bugaba, Chiriqui (monog.); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 207, 1882 — Mexico (Oaxaca) to Panama (Bugaba); Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 310, 1883 — Mexico to Panama; Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 108, 1887— Rio Sucio, Costa Rica; Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 585, 1888— Segovia River, Honduras; Cherrie, I.e., 14, p. 529, 1891— Guatemala, Honduras (Segovia River), Costa Rica, and Chiriqui (crit.); idem, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 4, p. 136, 1893 — Lagarto, Boruca, and Terraba, Costa Rica (habits); Underwood, Ibis, 1896, p. 435 — Miravalles, Costa Rica; Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 59, 1902 — Caribbean slope of Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama. is frequently darker, more brownish, and this color also invades the upper part of the back, while the maxilla appears to be more blackish. However, similar specimens occur, also, on the Venezuelan mainland. Dalmas's description is dis- figured by a misleading misprint, the length of the tail being given as 57 instead of 47. We have examined the types of H. insularis and H, pallidifrons and found them both to belong to the present form, the first-named being slightly immature. There is no representative of this group on Trinidad. Additional material examined. — Tobago: Man o' War Bay, 12; Castare, 4; Mondland, 2; Lecito, 1; unspecified, 2. 178 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Hylophilus ochraceiceps ochraceiceps Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 320, 1932— Guatemala. Pachysylvia ochraceiceps ochraceiceps Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 218, 1904 — southern Mexico (states of Mexico (?), Oaxaca, Tabasco, and Campeche), Guatemala, and northern Honduras (monog.); (?) Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 235, p. 16, 1926— Palmul, Yucatan (sight record); Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 67, p. 483, 1927 — Presidio, Vera Cruz; Austin, I.e., 69, p. 388, 1929 — Mountain Cow and Augustine, British Honduras; Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 196, 1929 — southern Mexico to western Panama (monog.). Pachysylvia ochraceiceps Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 778, 1910 — Costa Rica (crit., habits). Pachysylvia ochraceiceps pallidipectus Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16, p. 108, 1903 — Angostura, Costa Rica (type in U. S. National Museum); idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 219, 1904— southern Honduras to Chiriqui (monog.); Bangs, Auk, 24, p. 305, 1907 — Boruca, Paso Real, Lagarto, Barranca, and P6zo del Rio Grande, Costa Rica (juv. descr.). Hylophilus ochraceiceps pallidipectus Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, p. 461, 1929 — Lancetilla, Honduras (crit.). Range. — Tropical zone of southern Mexico, in states of Vera Cruz (Presidio), Oaxaca (Playa Vicente), Tabasco (Teapa), and Campeche (Apazote), south through Guatemala, British Honduras, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica to western Panama (Bugaba; Volcan de Chiriqui).1 7: Guatemala (Vera Paz, 1); Nicaragua (San Rafael del Norte, 1); Costa Rica (Lagarto, 2; Boruca, 2; T&raba, 1). Hylophilus ochraceiceps nelson i (Todd).2 NELSON'S TAWNY- CROWNED HYLOPHILUS. Pachysylvia ochraceiceps brevipennis (not Helinai brevipennis Giraud) Nelson, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 56, No. 22, p. 1, 1911— Lion Hill, Panama (type in U. S. National Museum). Pachysylvia ochraceiceps nelsoni Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 195, 1929 — new name for P. o. brevipennis Nelson, preoccupied. 1 In agreement with Carriker and Todd, I consider the alleged southern race, H. o. pallidipectus, to be inseparable. While admitting that certain Costa Rican examples are paler below, the majority of the southern birds cannot be distin- guished, a good many from the Terraba region being even darker ochraceous on the chest than two (out of four) Guatemalan skins. Additional material examined. — Guatemala: Vera Paz, 4. — Costa Rica: Miravalles, 4; Lagarto, 2; Boruca, 7; Te>raba, 1. — Panama: Bugaba, 1. 2 Hylophilus ochraceiceps nelsoni (Todd): "Similar to H. o. ochraceiceps, but upper parts and wings externally with less brownish wash, more greenish, under parts also slightly more greenish, the breast with less buffy shading." (Todd, I.e.). This form, which we have not seen, according to Todd is intermediate between ochraceiceps and bulunensis, differing from the latter by more brownish upper, and less yellowish under parts. Its supposedly smaller size is open to question, as the original specimens may have been wrongly sexed. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 179 Hylophilus ochraceiceps nelsoni Griscom, Auk, 50, p. 305, 1933 — Rio Chepo, Darien. Range. — Eastern Panama (from Veragua to the Rio Chepo, Darien). Hylophilus ochraceiceps bulunensis Hartert.1 BULUN HYLOPHILUS. Hylophilus bulunensis Hartert, Nov. ZooL, 9, p. 617, Dec., 1902 — Bulun, Prov. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (type in Tring Museum examined). Pachysylvia ochraceiceps butunensis [sic] Bangs and Barbour, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 223, 1922— Mount Sapo, Darien (crit.). Pachysylvia ochraceiceps bulunensis Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 589, 1926 — Tacarcuna, eastern Panama, to northwestern Ecuador (crit.); Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 195, 1929— eastern Panama (Mount Pirri, Cana), western Colombia (Potedo and Malagita, Choc6), and Ecuador (monog.). Hylophilus ochraceiceps bulunensis Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 72, p. 366, 1932— Obaldia and Ranchon, Panama. Range. — Tropical zone of the Pacific coast region, from eastern Panama (Darien) through western Colombia (Potedo and Malagita, Choco) south to northwestern Ecuador (Bulun, Prov. Esmeraldas). Hylophilus ochraceiceps ferrugineifrons Sclater. RUFOUS- FRONTED HYLOPHILUS. Hylophilus ferrugineifrons Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1862, p. 110 — "Bogota," Colombia (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum) ; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 359, 1862— Bogota; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 377, 1866— Bogota (descr.); Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 70, 1868 — part, Rio Negro, below Santa Barbara, Brazil (spec, in Vienna Mu- seum examined); Sclater, Ibis, 1881, p. 307, pi. 11, fig. 2 — part, "Oyapock, Cayenne," Bogota, and Sarayacu, Ecuador; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 311, 1883 (descr.); Salvador! and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 10, 1899 — Rio Santiago, Ecuador; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 12, 1902 — Rio Orinoco (Nericagua, Munduapo) and Caura Valley (Suapure, Nicare, La Pricion), Venezuela; Penard and Penard, Vog. Guyana, 2, p. 537, 1910 — "Guiana," errore. 1 Hylophilus ochraceiceps bulunensis Hartert: Very similar to H. o. nelsoni, but still more greenish; back and upper wing coverts dark citrine, without any brownish wash; lower parts decidedly olive yellowish, the throat slightly more grayish. Wing (male), 57; tail, 39; bill, 13. Two specimens from eastern Panama (Mount Sapo), while not quite so greenish as the type, are near enough to be referred to the same form. H. o. bulunensis connects the Central American races with H. o. ferrugineifrons. It approaches the latter in the greenish edges to the remiges and the coloration of the dorsal surface, but is strongly tinged with olive yellow underneath, where H. o. ferrugineifrons is mainly dull whitish, shaded with ecru olive across chest and along flanks. Material examined. — Panama: Mount Sapo, 2. — Ecuador: Bulun, 1 (the type). 180 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Pachysylvia ferrugineifrons Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, p. 432, 1905 — Rio Juru4, Brazil (spec, examined); idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 387, 1907 — Rio Jurua and Ecuador (hab. part, excl. Para); Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 478, 1914 (range, excl. "Guyana"); Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 156, 1916 — above the falls of the Orinoco and Caura Valley, Venezuela. Pachysylvia ochraceiceps ferrugineifrons Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 589, 1926 — Rio Suno and below San Jos6, eastern Ecuador; Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 194, 1929 — Colombia and Ecuador (east of the Andes) east to the Guianan frontier of Venezuela and south to the Rio Purus, Brazil (monog.). Range. — Southern Venezuela, from the Guianan frontier (Rio Yuruan) to the upper Orinoco, and eastern Colombia, and through eastern Ecuador and northwestern Brazil, west of the Rio Negro, south to the Rio Jurua and Rio Purus.1 "Hylophilus ochraceiceps viridior (Todd).2 SOUTHERN RUFOUS- FRONTED HYLOPHILUS. Pachysylvia ochraceiceps viridior Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 194, 1929 — Rio Surutu, Dept. Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia (type in Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh). Hylophilus ferrugineifrons (not of Sclater) Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 509 — Amable Maria, Dept. Ayacucho, Peru; Sclater, Ibis, 1881, p. 307 — part, Peru (ex Taczanowski); Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 445, 1884— Amable Maria. 1 Specimens from Venezuela (Orinoco-Caura basin) agree substantially with Bogot^ skins, but have rather more rufescent tails. A single bird from eastern Ecuador (Sarayacu) and one from the upper Rio Negro are similar except that the latter has more buffy yellowish under parts than any other individual we have seen. A female from the Rio Jurua, Brazil, by paler forehead and brighter greenish back closely approaches H. o. viridior. Material examined. — Venezuela: Caura River (Suapure, La Pricion, Nicare, La Union), 9; Munduapo, Rio Orinoco, 3; Nericagua, Rio Orinoco, 1. — Colombia: "Bogota," 5. — Ecuador: Sarayacu, 1. — Brazil: Rio Negro, below Santa Barbara, near the junction of the Rio Vaupe1, 1; Rio Jurua, 1. *Hylophilus ochraceiceps viridior (Todd): Similar to H. o. ferrugineifrons, but anterior crown paler, orange citrine rather than antique brown, and back and outer margins of remiges fresher, purer green (between citrine and dark citrine), without any brownish suffusion on the mantle. Wing (males), 58-61; tail, 42-44; bill, 12-13. Except for its slightly more yellowish under parts — doubtless an individual variation — a single adult male from southeastern Peru (Yahuarmayo) agrees perfectly with Bolivian topotypes courteously lent by Mr. Todd. Although approached by occasional individuals from within the range of ferrugineifrons, the present form is distinguishable by its paler russet forehead and fresh green, nearly uniform dorsal surface, whereas in the northern race the upper and middle portions of the back are always conspicuously suffused with brownish, the rump alone being of a duller green. Additional material examined. — Bolivia, Dept. Santa Cruz: Rio Yapacani, 2; Rio Surutu, 2.— Peru: Yahuarmayo, Sierra de Carabaya, 1. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYE 181 Pachysylvia ferrugineifrons Hellmayr, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 8, 1920 — Yahuarmayo, Sierra of Carabaya, Peru. Range. — Tropical zone of southern Peru, in depts. of Ayacucho (Amable Maria), Cuzco, and Puno (Sierra of Carabaya), and northern Bolivia (Rio Espiritu Santo; Rio Surutu; Rio Yapacani). 2: Bolivia (Rio Espiritu Santo, 2). "Hylophilus ochraceiceps luteifrons Sclater.1 BUFF-FRONTED HYLOPHILUS. Hylophilus luteifrons Sclater, Ibis, (4), 5, p. 308, 1881 — Bartica Grove, British Guiana (type in Salvin-Godman Collection, now in British Museum); Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 311, 1883— "Roraima" [=Camacusa], British Guiana; Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 204 — Bartica Grove, Merume" Mountains, and Camacusa, British Guiana; Penard and Penard, Vog. Guyana, 2, p. 537, 1910 — Guiana (descr.). Pachysylvia luteifrons Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 109, 1908 — Ipousin, River Approuague, French Guiana; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 477, 1914 — Santo Antonio da Cachoeira, Rio Jary, Brazil; Beebe, Trop. Wild Life, 1, p. 136, 1917— Bartica Grove, British Guiana; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 398, 1921 — British Guiana (Ituribisci, Supenaam, Makauria River, "Roraima," Merume1 Mountains, Camacusa, Bartica Grove); Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 192, 1929— Guiana, south to the Amazon (monog.). Hylophilus surinamensis Penard and Penard, Vog. Guyana, 2, p. 538, 1910 — Surinam (location of type not stated). Pachysylvia ferrugineifrons (not Hylophilus ferrugineifrons Sclater) Beebe, Our Search for a Wilderness, p. 322, 1910 — Aremu River, British Guiana. Range. — French, Dutch, and British Guiana, and the adjacent parts of northern Brazil, south to the north bank of the lower Amazon (Santo Antonio da Cachoeira, Rio Jary). 1: Brazil (Conceigao, Rio Branco, 1). *Hylophilus ochraceiceps rubrifrons Sclater and Salvin.2 RED- FRONTED HYLOPHILUS. 1 Hylophilus ochraceiceps luteifrons Sclater: Nearest to H, o. ferrugineifrons, from which it differs by lacking the rufous color on the anterior portion of the pileum, only the forehead and supraloral region being tinged with dull buffy yellow. Besides, the under parts are more yellowish, primrose yellow rather than grayish white, the chest washed with buffy instead of with ecru olive, and the flanks as well as the lower tail coverts much more strongly shaded with greenish yellow. The dorsal surface is not so greenish, and the external edges to the remiges are more brownish, orange citrine rather than dark citrine. Wing, 57-59, (female) 54-57; tail, 41-43, (female) 39-41; bill, 12-13. Material examined. — French Guiana: Ipousin, Approuague, 3. — British Guiana: Camacusa, 3. — Brazil: Conceigao, Rio Branco, 1. 1 Hylophilus ochraceiceps rubrifrons Sclater and Salvin: Easily distinguished from H. o. luteifrons by a well-defined bright rufous (antique brown) frontal and supraloral band, strongly contrasted with the color of the crown and sides of 182 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Hylophilus rubrifrons Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1867, p. 569, pi. 30, fig. 1 — "River Amazons" = Para1 (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum, examined); Sclater, Ibis, 1881, p. 307 — lower Amazon (monog.); Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 311, 1883 — lower Amazon. Pachysylvia rubrifrons Ihering and Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 337, 1907 — lower Amazon; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 267, 1910 — part, Para; idem, Abhandl. Math.-Phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 87, 1912— Para; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 477, 1914— Para, Mocajatuba, Providencia, Ananindeuba, Santa Isabel, and Peixe-Boi, Par& district; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 172, 1928— Para. Pachysylvia rubrifrons rubrifrons Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 193, 1929 — Para region (monog.). Hylophilus ferrugineifrons (not of Sclater) Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 70, 1868 — part, Par& (spec, examined). Range. — Northeastern Brazil, in the Pard region, probably only east of the Rio Tocantins. 1: Brazil (Utinga, Pard, 1). Hylophilus ochraceiceps lutescens (Snethlage).2 WESTERN RED- FRONTED HYLOPHILUS. Pachysylvia rubrifrons lutescens Snethlage, Orn. Monatsber., 22, p. 43, 1914 — Boim, Rio Tapajoz, Brazil (type in Museu Goeldi, Para); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, pp. 477, 489, 1914— Rio Xingu (Victoria) and Rio Tapaj6z (Boim, Villa Braga); Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 193, 1929— Brazil, from the Xingu to the Rio Madeira (monog.). the head, and by having the throat and chest deep honey yellow, sometimes approaching brownish ochraceous, and much darker than the ecru olive abdomen. The tail is more rufescent, Brussels brown rather than medal bronze; the back duller, more greenish; the sides of the head are honey yellow instead of dull citrine, etc. Wing (average), 55; tail, 40; bill, 12-13. Material examined. — Brazil: Para, 2; Ananindeuba, 1; Peixe-Boi, 1; "Amazon," 1 (the type). 1 The assumption that the type might have come from the "Rio Negro" proves to be fallacious. When advancing this theory (Nov. Zool., 17, p. 267, 1910), I was misled by the date "1850" on the label, which I took for the year when the bird had been collected. I have since found out that it indicates the date when the specimen was received in London. Moreover, the type agrees with specimens from the Par£ region, where alone H. o. rubrifrons has been met with, whereas on the Rio Negro it is replaced by another form, H. o. ferrugineifrons. 1 Hylophilus ochraceiceps lutescens (Snethlage) : Very similar to H. o. rubrifrons and agreeing in bright rufous (antique brown) frontal edge and supraloral streak; but upper parts clearer and purer green with tail paler brown; throat and foreneck without the honey yellow or ochraceous tinge, these parts being about the same primrose yellow color as the abdomen. Wing (males), 59-61; tail, 42-44; bill, 12-13. By the coloration of the under parts, this form approaches H. o. lutei- frons, but is even brighter yellowish. Two adults from the Rio Madeira, on comparison, prove to be identical with a topotype from the Tapajoz. Material examined. — Brazil: Villa Braga, Rio Tapaj6z, 1; Calama, Rio Ma- deira, 1; Maroins, Rio Machados, 2. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYB 183 Pachysylvia rubrifrons (not Hylophilus rubrifrons Sclater and Salvin) Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 267, 1910 — Calama, Rio Madeira, and Maroins, Rio Machados (crit.). Range. — Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the Rio Xingu west to the Rio Madeira. *Hylophilus decurtatus decurtatus (Bonaparte). GRAY-HEADED HYLOPHILUS. Sylvicola decurtata Bonaparte, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 5, "1837," p. 118, pub. June, 1838 — Guatemala (type in coll. of Col. Velasquez de Leon, now in Liverpool Museum). Helinai brevipennis Giraud, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 5, p. 40, pi. 3, fig. 1, 1852 — "Mexico and Texas" (type in U. S. National Museum?). Hylophilus cinereiceps Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, p. 299 — Vera Paz, Guatemala (type in Salvin-Godman Collection, now in British Museum); idem, Ibis, 1860, p. 397 — Choctum, Guatemala; idem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 348 — Panama Railroad (crit.); Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 44, 1862 — Choctum, Guatemala, and Cordoba, Vera Cruz. Hylophilus pusillus Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 323, 1862 — Atlantic side of the Isthmus of Panama (type in coll. of Geo. N. Lawrence, now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York) ; idem, I.e., 8, p. 180, 1865— Greytown, Nicaragua; idem, I.e., 9, p. 97, 1868— Dota and Angostura, Costa Rica; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 381, 1866 — Isthmus of Panama to Nicaragua (crit.). Hylophilus decurtatus Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 380, 1866 — southern Mexico and Guatemala (crit.); Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 137— Santa Fe, Veragua; idem, I.e., 1870, p. 184— Castillo, Chitra, and CaloveVora, Veragua; Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1870, p. 836 — Honduras; Salvin, Ibis, 1869, p. 313— Tucurriqui, Costa Rica; idem, Ibis, 1872, p. 314 — Chontales, Nicaragua; Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, p. 18, 1876 — Tehuantepec (Chimalapa), Oaxaca; Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 53 — San Jose, Costa Rica; idem, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, (n.s.), 25, p. 41, 1878— Vera Paz, Guatemala; Sclater, Ibis, 1881, p. 298— southern Mexico to Panama (monog.) ; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- Amer., Aves, 1, p. 206, 1882 — Mexico to Panama; Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5, p. 391, 1882— La Palma de Nicoya, Costa Rica; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 307, 1883— Central America (monog.); Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 108, 1887 — Pozo Azul de Pirris, Costa Rica; Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 579, 1887— Trujillo, Hon- duras; Richmond, I.e., 16, p. 487, 1893 — Greytown and Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; Cherrie, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 4, p. 136, 1893 — Lagarto, Boruca, and Buenos Aires, Costa Rica; idem, I.e., "6, p. 13, 1895— Rio Naranjo, Costa Rica"; Underwood, Ibis, 1896, p. 434 — Miravalles to Bebedeio, Costa Rica; Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 59, 1902— Boquete, Chiriqui. 184 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Pachysyhia decurtata Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 216, 1904 — southern Mexico to Isthmus of Panama (monog.); Bangs, Auk, 24, p. 305, 1907— Boruca and El P6zo del Rio Grande, Costa Rica (crit.); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 779, 1910 — Costa Rica; Peters, Auk, 30, p. 377, 1913 — Camp Mengel, Quintana Roo; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 273, 1918— Gatun, Panama; Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 204, 1929 — part, excl. Salvador and western Nicaragua; Austin, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, p. 388, 1929— Mountain Cow, British Honduras. Pachysylvia decurtata decurtata Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 67, p. 483, 1927— Presidio, Vera Cruz. Hylophilus decurtatus decurtatus Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 319, 1932 — Secanquim, Chimoxan, Finca Cham&, and Puebla, Guatemala (crit.). Hylophilus decurtatus pusillus Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, p. 461, 1929 — Lancetilla, Honduras; idem, I.e., 71, p. 333, 1931 — Almirante and Boquete Trail, Panama. Range. — Southern Mexico, in states of Vera Cruz, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Quintana Roo, and Yucatan; eastern Guatemala; Hon- duras; eastern Nicaragua; Costa Rica; and western Panama, east to the Canal Zone.1 19: Guatemala (unspecified, 2); Costa Rica (Miravalles, 1; Las Caiias, 1; Lagarto, 1; El General, 2; Boruca, 4; Pozo Azul, 1; Orosi, 2; Siquirres, 1; Peralta, 2; Limon, 1); Panama (Boquete, Chiriqul, 1). *Hylophilus decurtatus pallidus (Dickey and van Rossem).2 WESTERN GRAY-HEADED HYLOPHILUS. Pachysylvia decurtata pallida Dickey and van Rossem, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 40, p. 4, 1927 — Puerto del Triunfo, Dept. Usulutan, El Salvador (type in coll. of Donald R. Dickey, Pasadena). 1 1 find it impracticable to recognize an alleged southern form (H. d. pusillus). Neither the smaller size nor the supposed color characters (paler gray and less sharply defined cap and more yellowish green back) appear to me sufficiently constant to justify its discrimination. A single adult from the Panama Railroad (topotypical pusillus) differs, it is true, from all the others by more yellowish dorsal surface and by having the hind part of the crown suffused with olivaceous, but whether this is a constant feature in birds from the Canal Zone or merely indicates intergradation to H. d. darienensis remains to be determined by an adequate series. Two specimens from Chiriquf (Boquete) show faint greenish edges on the crown; otherwise they resemble birds from the TSrraba Valley and eastern Costa Rica. Additional material examined. — Mexico: Cordoba, Vera Cruz, 1. — Guatemala (Teleman, Vera Paz): 6. — Costa Rica: 37. — Panama: Boquete, Chiriquf, 1; Panama Railroad, 1. 2 Hylophilus decurtatus pallidus (Dickey and van Rossem): Similar to H. d. decurtatus, but dorsal plumage conspicuously more yellowish, citrine rather than warbler green; throat and chest less grayish; sides and flanks more yellowish. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 185 Pachysylvia decurtaia (not Sylvicola decurtata Bonaparte) Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 204, 1929 — part, El Salvador and western Nicaragua. Range. — El Salvador and the adjacent parts of western Nicaragua. 1: Nicaragua (San Geronimo, Chinandega, 1). Hylophilus decurtatus darienensis (Griscom).1 DARIEN HYLOPHILUS. Pachysylvia minor darienensis Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 282, p. 7, 1927 — Cape Garachine, eastern Panama (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 204, 1929 — Colombia (Magdalena Valley and Pacific coast) north to eastern Panama (monog.). Hylophilus minor darienensis Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 72, p. 367, 1932 — Perm6 and Obaldia, eastern Panama. Pachysylvia minor (not Hylophilus minor Berlepsch and Taczanowski) Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 541, 1917 — Los Cisneros, Rio Dagua, Colombia; Bangs and Barbour, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 223, 1922— Mount Sapo, Darien. Range. — Tropical zone of Colombia, from the Pacific coast (Los Cisneros, Rio Dagua; Andagoya, Malagita, and Cordoba, Choco) east to the Magdalena Valley (El Tambor, Rio Lebrija), and north to eastern Panama (Darien). *Hylophilus decurtatus minor Berlepsch and Taczanowski.2 LESSER HYLOPHILUS. Hylophilus minor Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 542 — Chimbo, Ecuador (type in Warsaw Museum; cf. Sztolcman and Domaniewski, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 6, p. 160, 1927); Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 617, 1902 — Paramba and Pambilar, Ecuador. Pachysylvia minor Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 590, 1926 — Esmeraldas, Bucay, Chimbo, Naranjo, La Chonta, Santa Rosa, Portovelo, Punta Santa Ana, Las Pinas, and Guainche, Ecuador. Pachysylvia minor minor Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 203, 1929 — western Ecuador (monog.). 1 Hylophilus decurtatus darienensis (Griscom): According to Todd (I.e.), similar in size and coloration to H. d. minor, but under parts not so brightly colored, the greenish yellow of the sides and flanks paler and more restricted. By the coloration of the under parts this form, which we have not seen, seems to approach H. d. decurtatus, thus supporting our view that H. decurtatus and H. minor are conspecific. 2 Hylophilus decurtatus minor Berlepsch and Taczanowski: Nearest to H. d. pallidus in coloring of under parts, although the sides and flanks as well as the back are of a still brighter, more yellowish tone; but pileum, instead of being light gray, dark citrine, somewhat duller than the back. Additional material examined. — Ecuador: Paramba, 2; San Javier, 1; Chimbo, 1; unspecified, 2. 186 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Hylophilua (?) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 273, 1860— Babahoyo. Hylophilus aurantiifrons (not of Lawrence) Sclater, Ibis, 1881, p. 303 — part, spec, from Babahoyo, Ecuador. Range. — Tropical zone of western Ecuador. 1: Ecuador (Puente de Chimbo, 1). Genus LAWRENCIA Ridgway1 Lawrencia Ridgway, Auk, 3, p. 382, 1886 — type, by orig. desig., Empidonax nanus Lawrence. Lawrencia nana (Lawrence). FLAT-BILLED VIREO. Empidonax nanus Lawrence, Ibis, (3), 5, p. 386, 1875 — Santo Domingo (type in U. S. National Museum); Cory, Bds. Haiti and San Domingo, p. 82, pi. [22], fig. 5 (head), 1884— Santo Domingo; idem, Auk, 3, p. 233, 1886— Santo Domingo. Lawrencia nana(us) Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 14, p. 233, 1888 — Santo Domingo; Cory, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 109, 1892— Santo Domingo; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 4, p. 893, 1907— Santo Domingo (crit.); Verrill and Verrill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 61, p. 361, 1909— Miranda; Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61, p. 416, 1917— Sosua; Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 511, 1928 — Gonave Island and northern Haiti (habits); Danforth, Auk, 46, p. 370, 1929 — Gonave Island; Lonnberg, Fauna och Flora, 1929, p. 106— Gonave; Wetmore and Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 356, 1931 — Haiti and Gonave (crit., anatomy, habits). Range. — Island of Haiti, including Gonave Island, Greater Antilles. Family VIREOLANIIDAE.2 Shrike-Vireos Genus VIREOLANIUS Bonaparte Vireolanius (Du Bus MS.) Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, p. 330, 1850 — type, by monotypy, Vireolanius melitophrys (Du Bus MS.) Bonaparte. *Vireolanius melitophrys melitophrys Bonaparte. Du Bus's SHRIKE-VIREO. 1 Lawrencia Ridgway differs from the other genera of vireos, according to Wetmore, "in the broad, depressed, triangular bill, the width of which at the frontal antiae is more than twice the depth at this point." Another striking feature lies in the elongated, slender tarsus. In anatomical characters the bird offers likewise some peculiarities, the skull being distinctly broader, the lower margin of the lachrymals extending outward only to the inner margin of the zygoma, and the outer margin of the processus maxillaris of the premaxilla being decidedly convex (Wetmore, I.e.). Altogether, the Flat-billed Vireo seems to be rather an aberrant member of the family. 2 Cf. Pycraft, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1907, pp. 352-379. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 187 Vireolanius melitophrys (Du Bus MS.1) Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, p. 330, 1850 — Mexico (type in Brussels Museum); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 25, p. 213, 1857— Orizaba, Vera Cruz; idem, I.e., 27, p. 363, 1859 — Jalapa, Vera Cruz; idem, I.e., 1862, p. 19 — Capulalpam, Vera Cruz; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 45, 1862 — Jalapa; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1860, p. 31— Coban, Guatemala; idem, Exot. Orn., p. 13, pi. 7, 1866 — Mexico (Orizaba, Jalapa) and Guatemala (Volcan de Fuego); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 396, 1866 — Volcan de Fuego; Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, p. 548, 1869 — temperate region of Vera Cruz; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 209, 1883 — part, Mexico, in State of Vera Cruz (Orizaba, Jalapa, Capulalpam), and Guate- mala (Volcan de Fuego); Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 314, 1883— Mexico and Guatemala (Coban); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 225, 1904 — part, Mexico, Vera Cruz (Orizaba, Jalapa, Jico, Capulalpam), and Guatemala (descr. of male only); Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 125, 1907— Lake Atitlan, Guatemala; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 321, 1932— San Lucas, Tecpam, and Panajachel, Guatemala. Range. — Subtropical zone of southeastern Mexico, in State of Vera Cruz (Orizaba, Jalapa, Jico, Capulalpam), and Guatemala (Coban, Volcan de Fuego, Lake Atitlan, Tecpam, San Lucas, Panajachel). 1: Guatemala (Lake Atitlan, 1). Vireolanius melitophrys goldmani Nelson.2 GOLDMAN'S SHRIKE- VlREO, Vireolanius melitophrys goldmani Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16, p. 115, 1903 — Huitzilac, Morelos, Mexico (type in U. S. National Museum); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 744, 1904— mountains bordering the valley of Mexico. Vireolanius melitophrys (not of Bonaparte) Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- Amer., Aves, 1, p. 209, 1883 — part, valley of Mexico; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 225, 1904— part, valley of Mexico (descr. of female only). 1 Plate 26 of Du Bus's "Esquisses Ornithologiques," quoted by Bonaparte, evidently was never published (cf. Sclater and Salvin, Exot. Orn., p. 13, 1866), although a few sample copies without text may exist. 3 Vireolanius melitophrys goldmani Nelson: "Similar to V. m. melitophrys, but larger, with shorter bill; coloration paler and duller, the pileum and hindneck light brownish gray (nearly mouse gray) merging gradually into the olive green of the back, instead of clear slate gray, abruptly defined posteriorly; broad postocular stripe slate color instead of black; black submalar streak heavier; band across chest paler chestnut-rufous, not continued along sides, which are pale cinnamon- buffy anteriorly, passing into olive-gray on flanks. Wing (adult female), 83-84; tail, 72-73; bill, 17.5." (Nelson, I.e.). 188 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Range. — Mountains bordering the southern side of the valley of Mexico, in states of Mexico and Morelos (Huitzilac). Genus SMARAGDOLANIUS Griscom1 Smaragdolanius Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 438, p. 3, Dec., 1930 — type, by orig. desig., Vireolanius pulchellus Sclater and Salvin. *Smaragdolanius pulchellus pulchellus (Sclater and Salvin). GUATEMALAN GREENLET. Vireolanius pulchellus Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1, p. 12, 1859 — Guatemala (type in British Museum); Salvin, Ibis, 1861, p. 147 — above Lanquin, Guatemala; Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 45, 1862 — Choctum, Vera Paz; Sclater and Salvin, Exot. Orn., p. 15, pi. 8, 1866 — above Lanquin and Choctum, Guatemala; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 397, 1866 — part, Mirador, Vera Cruz, and Choctum, Guatemala; Boucard, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, (n.s.), 25, p. 41, 1878 — Guatemala; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 210, 1883 — part, Mexico (Mirador) and Guatemala (Choctum, mountains of Rasche", Savanna Grande, and Volcan de Agua); Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 315, 1883— Guatemala (Choctum and Vera Paz); Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 125, 1907— Patulul, Guatemala. Vireolanius pulchellus pulchellus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 223, 1904 — Mexico, in State of Vera Cruz, and Guatemala (monog.); Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 67, p. 483, 1927 — Presidio, Vera Cruz. Smaragdolanius pulchellus pulchellus Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 320, 1932 — Secanquim, Guatemala. Range. — Tropical zone of southern Mexico, in State of Vera Cruz (Mirador, Buena Vista), and Guatemala.2 3: Guatemala (Patulul, Solola, 2; Vera Paz, 1). *Smaragdolanius pulchellus verticalis (Ridgway). CARMIOL'S GREENLET. Vireolanius pulchellus verticalis Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, p. 24, 1885 — Angostura, Costa Rica (type in U. S. National Museum); Zeled6n, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 108, 1887 — Costa Rica; Cherrie, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, p. 529, 1891— Costa Rica (crit.); Richmond, I.e., 16, p. 487, 1893— Rio Escondido, Nicaragua (crit.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 224, 1904 — Nicaragua and Costa Rica (monog.); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 776, 1910 — eastern Costa Rica (Jime'nez, La Vijagua, and El Hogar). 1 Genus Smaragdolanius Griscom: Similar to Vireolanius, but tail proportion- ately much shorter (only two-thirds as long as wing), bill slenderer, and rictal bristles much less developed, the longest hardly exceeding the bristly points of the frontal feathers. 1 Additional material examined. — Guatemala: Coban, Vera Paz, 4. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 189 Vireolanius pulchellus (not of Sclater and Salvin) Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 397, 1866 — part, Angostura; Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 97, 1868 — Angostura, Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 295, 1869— Costa Rica; Salvin, Ibis, 1872, p. 314— Chontales, Nicaragua; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 210, 1883 — part, Nicaragua (Chontales) and Costa Rica (Angostura, Orosi). Range. — Tropical zone of the Caribbean side of Nicaragua (Chontales, Rio Escondido, Bluefields) and Costa Rica (Angostura, Or6si, Jime'nez, La Vijagua, El Hogar, etc.). 3: Costa Rica (Tuis, 1; Volcan de Turrialba, 1; Jime'nez, 1). Smaragdolanius pulchellus viridiceps (Ridgway). PANAMA GREENLET. Vireolanius pulchellus viridiceps Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16, p. 108, 1903 — Panama (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 224, 1904— Vera- gua to Panama (monog.); Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 19, p. 109, 1906 — Pozo Azul [de Pirrls], Costa Rica (crit.); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 776, 1910— El General de Terraba, Costa Rica. Vireolanius pulchellus (not of Sclater and Salvin) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N.Y., 7, p. 468, 1862— Panama Railroad; Sclater and Salvin, Exot. Orn., p. 15, 1866 — part, Panama; Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 184 — CaloveVora, Veragua; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 210, 1883 — part, Panama (CaloveVora and Calobre, Veragua; Panama Railroad). Range. — Western Panama, east to the Canal Zone, and south- western Costa Rica (Pozo Azul de Pirris and El General de T&raba). Smaragdolanius pulchellus mutabilis (Nelson).1 CANA GREENLET. Vireolanius eximius mutabilis Nelson, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60, No. 3, p. 20, 1912— Cana, eastern Panama (type in U. S. National Museum). Range. — Eastern Panama (Cana, Darien). 1 Smaragdolanius pulchellus mutabilis (Nelson): Similar to S. p. eximius, but supraloral part of yellow superciliary stripe broader; a tinge of yellowish green suffuses and nearly replaces blue on forehead back to about middle of orbits; auriculars bordered posteriorly with blue, of the same tone as the crown; chin and throat bright canary yellow changing rather abruptly into, and contrasting with, yellowish green of lower neck and breast (in eximius chin is more greenish yellow and shades gradually over throat to green of breast); rest of under parts paler and more yellowish; under tail coverts canary yellow like throat. Wing (female), 70; tail, 44; bill, 19. (Nelson, I.e.) This form, based on a single specimen from Cana, appears to be distinguished from S. p. eximius by yellowish green instead of blue forehead and much more yellowish under parts, particularly on throat, abdomen, and tail coverts. It is obviously a connecting link to S. p. viridiceps. 190 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII *Smaragdolanius pulchellus eximius (Baird).1 BAIRD'S GREENLET. Vireolanius eximius Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 398, 1866 — Bogota, Colom- bia (type in the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia) ; Sclater and Salvin, Exot. Orn., p. 16, 1866— New Granada; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 316, 1883— Colombia; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 223, 1904— Colombia (crit.). Vireolanius icterophrys (not of Bonaparte) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 151, pi. 103, 1855— Bogota (crit.). Range. — Tropical zone of Colombia (only known from native "Bogota" collections). 1: Colombia ("Bogota," 1). Smaragdolanius leucotis leucotis (Swainson). WHITE-EARED GREENLET. Malaconotus leucotis Swainson, Anim. Menag., p. 341, Dec., 1837 — "Africa(?)," errore (type in coll. of W. Swainson, now in University Museum, Cambridge, England, examined); Salvin, Ibis, 1878, p. 443 (crit. note on type). Vireolanius icterophrys Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 38, p. 380, 1854; idem, Not. Orn. Coll. Delattre, p. 60, 1854— Rio Negro (type in coll. of E. and J. Verreaux); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 399, 1866— part (descr. spec, ex Cayenne in coll. of Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia2); Sclater and Salvin, Exot. Orn., p. 16, 1866 — Rio Negro (ex Bonaparte) and Cayenne (ex Baird). Vireolanius chlorogaster Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 38, p. 380, 1854; idem, Not. Orn. Coll. Delattre, p. 60, 1854— "South America" (the type examined in the British Museum is from Cayenne); Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 45, 1862 — "eastern Peru" = Cayenne (spec, in British Museum examined); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 399, 1866 — "eastern Peru"= Cayenne (descr. spec. No. 272a in coll. of P. L. Sclater); Sclater and Salvin, Exot. Orn., p. 16, 1866 — "eastern Peru"= Cayenne (spec. No. 272a in coll. of P. L. Sclater); Salvin, Ibis, 1878, p. 444— Cayenne (crit. note on type); Beebe, Trop. Wild Life, 1, p. 136, 1917— Bartica Grove, British Guiana. Vireolanius leucotis Salvin, Ibis, 1878, pp. 444, 445, pi. 11 — from the Rio Negro to Ecuador (Sarayacu) (crit.); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 212 — Mazaruni River, British Guiana (crit.; spec, examined); Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1882, p. 77 — British Guiana (spec, examined); Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 315, 1883 — part, Rio Negro to Ecuador 1 Smaragdolanius pulchellus eximius (Baird) differs from the northern races chiefly by the possession of well-marked yellow superciliaries, whereby it approaches the South American S. leucotis. The intermediate character of its coloration suggests conspecific relationship of the two groups, but without knowledge of its distribution it seems unwise to go beyond calling attention to their obvious close affinity. Material examined. — Colombia: "Bogota," 7. * The second specimen, said to be from the "head of Huallaga, Peru," coll. of W. S. Church, is indeterminable owing to its poor condition. It may belong to S. I. bolivianus. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 191 and Cayenne; Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 205 — Bartica Grove and Merum6 Mountains, British Guiana (spec, examined); M6n6gaux, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 13, p. 494, 1907 — French Guiana (spec, examined); Ihering and Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 337, 1907 (range); Penard, Vog. Guyana, 2, p. 539, 1910 — hinterland of Surinam; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 478, 1914 — Santo Antonio da Cachoeira, Rio Jary, Brazil. Vireolanius leucotis chlorogaster Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 13, 1902 — Suapure, Caura River, Venezuela (spec, examined); Berlepsch, I.e., 15, p. 109, 1908— Cayenne; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst, 2, p. 157, 1916 — Suapure, Caura River. Vireolanius chlorigaster Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 399, 1921 — Ituribisci, Kamakabra Creek, Merume Mountains, and Bartica Grove, British Guiana. Vireolanius leucotis leucotis Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 590, 1926 — Macas region and below San Jos6 de Sumaco, eastern Ecuador (crit.). Range. — French, Dutch, and British Guiana, south to the north bank of the lower Amazon (Rio Jary) and west through southern Venezuela (Suapure, Caura Valley) and northwestern Brazil (Rio Negro) to eastern Ecuador.1 1 Birds from British Guiana always have a conspicuous white mid-auricular stripe abruptly denned from the dark olive malar region and the slate gray ear coverts. The white tip to the bright yellow superciliaries is, as a rule, well- pronounced, though two specimens, from Arawai and Merum6 Mountains respec- tively, show mere traces of it. In the majority, the forehead is very dark olive, but in the Merume' bird and in one from Bartica Grove it is just as pale as in east- Ecuadorian specimens. Swainspn's type, kindly lent by the authorities of the Cambridge Museum, has the white stripe on the sides of the head fully as broad as any from Guiana, and while its deplorable condition renders it useless for further comparison, this character alone speaks for its Guianan rather than Peruvian origin. It may be mentioned in this connection that Brabourne and Chubb (Bds. S. Amer., 1, p. 351) quite erroneously credit me with the suggestion of "Peru" as type locality, which since has also been quoted by Chapman (Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 590, 1926). An adult bird from French Guiana (coll. by Rey, Paris Museum) is in every respect similar, the white mid-auricular stripe being even more strongly developed. In eastern Ecuador this feature seems to be less marked. Only two have the white stripe as distinct as Guianan birds, while in three others it is rather obsolete, more of a whitish gray, and in another barely suggested by a few light streaks. The frontal edge is never dark olive, but green like the back, and the yellow superciliaries are with or without a white tip. Birds with pale yellow, green-striped under parts are probably females or immature males, though the significance of the variation cannot be determined with the limited (mostly unsexed) material at my command. The type of V. chloro- gaster unquestionably is a young bird. Like another Cayenne skin and one from "Peru," erroneously listed by Gadow as type of V. icterophrys, to whose description it does not correspond at all, it has no white mid-auricular stripe, and the under parts are heavily streaked with greenish. An unsexed bird from the Mazaruni River and a "male" from Suapure, Caura, Venezuela, are similar underneath, the former having a broad white, the latter a narrower grayish white stripe on the sides of the head. Material examined. — French Guiana: Cayenne, 2; unspecified, 1. — British Guiana: Bartica Grove, 1; Mazaruni River, 1; Ituribisci, 2; Arawai River, 1; Camacabra Creek, 1; Tiger Creek, Essequibo River, 1; Merum6 Mountains, 1. — Venezuela: Suapure, Caura Valley, 1. — Ecuador: San Jose, 1; Sarayacu, 5. 192 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Smaragdolanius leucotis simplex (Berlepsch).1 GRAY-EARED GREENLET. Vireolanius leucotis simplex Berlepsch, Orn. Monatsber., 20, p. 18, 1912 — Santa Elena, Rio Jamauchim, branch of the Rio Tapajoz, Brazil (type in Museu Goeldi, Para, examined) ; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 479, 1914 — Rio Tocantins (Arumatheua), Rio Jamauchim (Santa Elena), and Rio Tapajoz (Boim); Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 335, 1930 — Barao Melgago, northern Matto Grosso. Range. — Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the Tocantins to the Rio Madeira, south to northern Matto Grosso (Barao Melgaco). 'Smaragdolanius leucotis bolivianus (Berlepsch).2 BOLIVIAN GREENLET. Vireolanius bolivianus Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 49, p. 82, Jan., 1901 — Quebrada Onda, Yungas of Cochabamba, Bolivia (type in Berlepsch Collection, now in Frankfort Museum, examined); Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, p. 107, 1906 — Huaynapata, Dept. Cuzco, Peru. Vireolanius chlorogaster (not of Bonaparte) Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 509 — Monterico, near Huanta, Prov. Ayacucho, Peru; idem, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 447, 1884— Monterico. 1 Smaragdolanius leucotis simplex (Berlepsch): Similar to S. I. leucotis, but without trace of white on sides of head, the whole auricular region being clear gray, and the pileum lighter gray; even nearer to S. I. bolivianus, but upper part of the head clearer gray, and the sides of the body much more extensively green. Wing, 71-73; tail, 51-54; bill, 17-18. Two adult males from Matto Grosso agree with topotypes. Material examined. — Santa Elena, Rio Jamauchim, 4 (including the type); Barao Melgaco, Matto Grosso, 2. J Smaragdolanius leucotis bolivianus (Berlepsch) : Very similar to S. I. leucotis, but without any white in the auricular region. In the absence of adult males from Bolivia it is at present impossible to properly indicate the characters and range of this form. The type and a second specimen from Quebrada Onda in the Berlepsch Collection are both unsexed, but agree essentially with a "female" from Cerro Hosane, Dept. Santa Cruz, in the Carnegie Museum, except in having more blackish olive suffusion on the forehead. The under parts, in the three specimens, are of varying shades of pale yellow, more or less flammulated with greenish on the f oreneck and washed with the same along the flanks. A female from the Rio Purus (Hyutanahan) merely differs by lacking the dusky suffusion on the forehead; darker, more uniform slate gray cheeks and auriculars; slightly brighter green back; and brighter yellow under parts. Two adult males from the Rio Purus and two others from Peru (Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya; Huachipa, Huanuco) have deeper yellow under parts without greenish streaks on the foreneck, darker gray pileum, deeper yellow superciliaries, and still brighter green upper surface. They closely approach certain east-Ecuadorian males of S. I. leucotis without distinct white mid-auricular stripe. Whether these specimens simply represent the plumage of the adult male of S. I. bolivianus or should be classified as intermediates to leucotis remains to be determined by the examination of adult males from Bolivia. Material examined. — Bolivia: Quebrada Onda, Yungas of Cochabamba, 2; Cerro Hosane, Dept. Santa Cruz, 1. — Brazil, Rio Purus: Hyutanahan, 2; Nova Olinda, 1. — Peru: Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya, 1; Huachipa, Huanuco, 1. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 193 Vireolanius leucotis (subsp.?) Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 414, 1930— Huachipa, Dept. Huanuco, Peru (crit.). Range. — Tropical zone of northern Bolivia (Quebrada Onda, Yungas of Cochabamba; Cerro Hosane, Dept. Santa Cruz) and southern Peru (Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya; Huaynapata, Marcapata Valley; Monterico, Dept. Ayacucho; Rio Perene\ Dept. Junin; Huachipa, Dept. Hudnuco), and the adjoining section of western Brazil (Rio Purus). 1: Peru (Huachipa, Dept. Huanuco, 1). Smaragdolanius leucotis mikettae (Hartert).1 MIKETTA'S GREENLET. Vireolanius miketlae Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 11, p. 38, Dec., 1900 — Paramba, Prov. Imbabura, Ecuador (type in Tring Museum examined); idem, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 616, 1902— Paramba. Vireolanius leucotis mikettae Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 590, 1926 — Paramba (ex Hartert). Range. — Tropical zone of western Ecuador (Paramba, Prov. Imbabura; Rio Blanco, below Mindo, Prov. Pichincha). Family CYCLARHIDAE.2 Pepper Shrikes Genus CYCLARHIS Swainson3 Cyclarhis Swainson, Zool. Journ., 1, No. 3, p. 294, Oct., 1824 — type, by monotypy, Tanagra gujanensis Gmelin. Cyclorhis Swainson, Zool. Journ., 3, p. 162, 1827 — emendation. 1 Smaragdolanius leucotis mikettae (Hartert) : Like S. I. bolivianus without any white on the sides of the head, but sides of breast and flanks much more extensively green; similar to S. 1. simplex in the latter character, but pileum and sides of head deeper slate gray, and back brighter green. Wing (males), 69-70; tail, 49-50; bill, 17-18. This form is known only from two adult males. The type was obtained at Paramba (alt. 3,500 ft.), in northwestern Ecuador, and the British Museum has a specimen taken by W. Goodfellow in June, 1914, at Rio Blanco, below Mindo. The two birds are practically alike. The forehead and a narrow line along the upper border of the uniform yellow superciliaries are blackish olive, and the cheeks and auriculars deep slate gray like the pileum. More material is urgently required to establish the racial characters beyond doubt. * CL Pycraft, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1907, pp. 352-379. 3 It is quite possible that this name should be corrected to Cyclorhis. When creating the genus, Swainson explicitly refers to the "round, naked nostrils," so that the etymology of the name is not in doubt, although the author fails to explain its derivation. Three years later, he uses the correct spelling Cyclorhis, but in another writing (Orn. Draw., Part 5, pi. 58, late in 1837) reverts to the form Cyclarhis. The case seems to be analogous to Chaemaepelia, which, according to the ruling of the International Commission on Nomenclature (Opinion 61), is to be amended to Chamaepelia. 194 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Cyclaris Swainson, Classif. Bds., 2, p. 14, 1837 — emendation. Laniagra Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 9, 1837 — type, by monotypy, Tanagra gujanensis Gmelin. *Cyclarhis gujanensis flaviventris Lafresnaye. MEXICAN PEPPER SHRIKE. Cyclaris flaviventris Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 5, p. 133, 1842 — "Santa Cruz,"1 Mexico (type in coll. of F. de Lafresnaye, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 345, 1930). Cyclarhis flaviventris Lafresnaye, Mag. Zool., (2), 5, Ois., pp. 2, 3, of text to pi. 33, 1843— "Santa Cruz," Mexico; Tschudi, Arch. Naturg., 11, (1), p. 363, 1845 — Jalapa and "Santa Cruz," Mexico (diag.). Cyclorhis flaviventris Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 386, 1866 — part, Mexico (Orizaba, Mirador) and Coban, Guatemala (monog.); Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, p. 548, 1869 — temperate region of Vera Cruz; Law- rence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, p. 18, 1876— Guichicovi and Petapa, Oaxaca; Boucard, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, (n.s.), 25, p. 41, 1878 — Guate- mala; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 320, 1883 — southern Mexico and Guatemala; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 211, 1883 — Mexico (excl. Yucatan) and Guatemala (part, Tactic, Coban, Choctum); Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 138, 1886 — Jalapa and Plan del Rio, Vera Cruz; Sclater, Ibis, 1887, p. 322 — part, South Mexico (excl. Yucatan), Guatemala, and Honduras; Berlepsch, Ibis, 1888, pp. 84, 91 — southern Mexico and Guatemala (crit.); Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, pp. 131, 134, 1889— part, southern Mexico (excl. Yucatan) and Guatemala; Chapman, I.e., 10, p. 26, 1898 — Jalapa, Mexico. Cyclarhis flaviventris flaviventris Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 228, 1904 — southern Mexico, Guatemala, and (?) Honduras (monog., full bibliog.); Miller and Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 183, p. 6, 1925 — Mexico (Vera Cruz, Oaxaca), Guatemala, and Honduras (crit.); Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 67, p. 483, 1927— Presidio and Motzorongo, Vera Cruz; idem, I.e., 68, p. 400, 1928 — Almoloya, Oaxaca; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 321, 1932 — Secanquim, Sepa- cuite, Chama, and La Primavera, eastern Guatemala. Range. — Tropical zone of southern Mexico, in states of Vera Cruz, Puebla, Mexico, Oaxaca, and Chiapas, eastern Guatemala, and Honduras.2 1: Mexico (unspecified, 1). »=Vera Cruz (?). 1 Specimens from eastern Guatemala are identical with a Mexican series. According to Miller and Griscom (I.e.), a single example from Honduras is typical flaviventris. This finding is corroborated by a male taken by Wittkugel on the Volcan de Puca, examined some years ago, which appeared to us inseparable from Jalapa birds. Additional material examined. — Mexico: Jalapa, Vera Cruz, 8; Orizaba, Vera Cruz, 1; Tumbala, Chiapas, 1; unspecified, 3. — Guatemala: Coban, Vera Paz, 6. — Honduras: Volcan de Puca, 1. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 195 *Cyclarhis gujanensis yucatanensis Ridgway.1 YUCATAN PEPPER SHRIKE. Cyclorhis flaviventris yucatanensis Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 519, Nov., 1886 — M6rida, Yucatan (type in U. S. National Museum); Ber- lepsch, Ibis, 1888, pp. 91, 92— Yucatan (crit.); Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, pp. 132, 134, 1889— Yucatan (crit.); Chapman, I.e., 8, p. 278, 1896 — Chichen Itza, Yucatan. Cyclarhis flaviventris yucatanensis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 229, 1904 — Yucatan and Campeche (monog.); Cole, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 50, p. 137, 1906 — Chichen Itza, Yucatan; Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 235, p. 16, 1926 — Palmul, Yucatan. Cyclorhis flaviventris (not of Lafresnaye) Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 386, 1866 — part, Meiida, Yucatan; Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y.f 9, p. 200, 1869— Merida, Yucatan; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- Amer., Aves, 1, p. 211, 1883— part, Yucatan; Salvin, Ibis, 1888, p. 255 — Meco Island, Yucatan; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1890, p. 210 — Tekanto and Calcehtok, Yucatan. Range. — Yucatan (Me*rida, La Vega, Chichen Itza, Temax, Kangul, Tekanto, Izamal, etc.), including Meco Island, and Campeche. 4: Yucatan (San Felipe, 1; unspecified, 3). *Cyclarhis gu janensis insular is Ridgway.2 COZUMEL PEPPER SHRIKE. Cyclorhis insularis Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 3, p. 22, 1885 — Cozumel Island (type in U. S. National Museum); idem, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, p. 566, Oct., 1885— Cozumel (full descr.); Berlepsch, Ibis, 1888, pp. 84, 91— Cozumel (crit.); Salvin, Ibis, 1888, p. 255— Cozumel (crit.); Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, pp. 132, 134, 1889— Cozumel (crit.). Cyclarhis insularis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 230, 1904 — Cozumel (monog.). Cyclarhis flaviventris insularis Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 236, p. 11, 1926 — Cozumel (crit.). Range. — Cozumel Island, Yucatan. 1: Cozumel Island. 1 Cyclarhis gujanensis yucatanensis Ridgway: Similar to C. g. flaviventris in having no white on lower belly or under tail coverts, but upper parts slightly duller, more grayish green, and yellow of under surface decidedly paler. Additional material examined. — Yucatan: Izamal, 3; Kangul, 1; unspecified, 2. 1 Cyclarhis gujanensis insularis Ridgway: Immediately distinguished from C. g. flaviventris and C. g. yucatanensis by having the median portion of breast and abdomen extensively white; not unlike C. /. subflavescens in coloration of under parts, but with much larger bill, wider rufous frontal band, and much duller, more grayish green upper surface. The amount of yellow underneath is exceedingly variable in this form, as has been pointed out by Griscom, though there is always a considerable white area in the middle of the belly. Material examined. — Cozumel Island, 10. 196 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII "Cyclarhis gujanensis nicaraguae Miller and Griscom.1 NICARA- GUAN PEPPER SHRIKE. Cyclarhis flaviventris nicaraguae Miller and Griscom, Amer. Mas. Nov., 183, p. 6, July 28, 1925 — Matagalpa, Nicaragua (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 321, 1932— western Guatemala. Cyelarhis flaviventris mesoleucus Dickey and van Rossem, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 38, p. 135, Nov. 13, 1925— San Salvador, El Salvador (type in coll. of D. R. Dickey, Pasadena, California). Cyclorhis flaviventris (not of Lafresnaye) Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- Amer., Aves, 1, p. 211, 1883 — part, Volcan de Agua and Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala; Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 125, 1907 — Mazatenango, Patulul, and Lake Atitlan, Guatemala. Range. — Tropical zone of western Guatemala, El Salvador, and Nicaragua. 10: Guatemala (Mazatenango, 1; Patulul, 5; Lake Atitlan, 3); Nicaragua (San Ger6nimo, Chinandega, 1). "Cyclarhis gujanensis subflavescens Cabanis.2 COSTA RICAN PEPPER SHRIKE. Cyclorhis subflavescens Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 8, for Nov., 1860, p. 405, pub. May, 1861 — highlands of Costa Rica (type in Berlin Museum); idem, I.e., 9, p. 93, 1861— Costa Rica (crit.); Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 359, 1862— Costa Rica; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 388, 1866 — Dota, Barranca, and San Jos6, Costa Rica (crit.); Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 97, 1868— San Jose and Dota, Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 295, 1869— Costa Rica; Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 184— Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama. Cyclorhis flaviventris (not of Lafresnaye) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y.f 9, p. 97, 1868— Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica (cf. Salvin, Ibis, 1869, p. 313). 1 Cyelarhis gujanensis nicaraguae Miller and Griscom: Exactly intermediate between C. g. flaviventris and C. g. subflavescens; resembles the former in having the under parts for the greater part yellow, but the yellow is of a paler tone, par- ticularly on the flanks and under tail coverts, and fades into white in the middle of the lower abdominal and anal region; differs from C. g. subflavescens by much brighter, canary yellow instead of greenish lemon yellow under parts with but a limited white area on the vent. Material examined. — Nicaragua: Matagalpa, 2; Managua, 1; San Rafael del Norte, 2; Rio Coco, 1. — Guatemala (as specified above): 9. 2 Cyelarhis gujanensis subflavescens Cabanis: Similar to C. g. canticus and C. g. flavipectus in having the posterior under parts, including the tail coverts, extensively white; but foreneck, chest, and sides much duller, greenish lemon yellow, and the superciliaries paler rufous. Specimens from Boquete, Chiriquf, agree with those from Costa Rica. Additional material examined. — Costa Rica: San Jos6, 10. — Panama: Boquete, Chiriqui, 5. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 197 Cyclorhis flavipectus (not of Sclater) Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 53 — San Jose", Costa Rica; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 212, 1883 — part, Costa Rica and Chiriqui; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 320, 1883— part, Costa Rica; Zeled6n, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 108, 1887— Dota, Costa Rica. Cyclorhis flavipectus subflavescens Sclater, Ibis, 1887, p. 322 — Costa Rica and Veragua; Berlepsch, Ibis, 1888, p. 85 (crit.); Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, pp. 131, 134, 1889— Costa Rica (crit.); idem, Auk, 9, p. 23, 1892 — San Jose, Costa Rica (song); Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 59, 1902 — Boquete, Panama. Cyclarhis flaripectus subflavescens Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 230, 1904 — Costa Rica and Chiriqui (monog.); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 775, 1910— highlands of Costa Rica; Ferry, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 274, 1910— Coliblanco, Costa Rica. Cyclarhis flaviventris subflavescens Miller and Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 183, p. 6, 1925 (crit.). Range. — Subtropical and Upper Tropical zones of Costa Rica and western Panama (Chiriqui). 8: Costa Rica (Las Caiias, 2; San Jose", 3; Cartago, 1; Turrialba, 1; Coliblanco, 1). Cyclarhis gujanensis coibae Hartert.1 COIBA ISLAND PEPPER SHRIKE. Cyclorhis coibae Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 12, p. 33, Dec., 1901 — Coiba Island, off Panama (type in Tring Museum examined). Cyclarhis coibae Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 745, 1904 — Coiba Island (ex Hartert). Range. — Coiba Island, off Veragua, western Panama. 1 Cyclarhis gujanensis coibae Hartert: Most nearly related to C. g. subflavescens and with the same amount of buffy white underneath, but distinguished by much darker upper parts, the back and wings being dull brownish olive, the pileum suffused with sepia; much darker gray sides of the head; and by having the foreneck and lower throat, in contrast to the lemon yellow breast, much duller and more greenish. The rufous superciliaries are the same as in subflavescens, both as to extent and coloration. Wing (adult male), 75; tail, 56; bill, 17. This form was based on two males collected by the late J. B. Batty on April 20, 1901, on the island of Coiba, off the south coast of western Panama. The type is an immature bird with pointed, apically as well as internally yellow-fringed rec- trices, and uniform blackish brown bill. The other specimen, an adult, has the bill pale horn brown with a plumbeous spot at the base of the lower mandible. In coloration it is similar, except that the gray basal portion of the crown feathers shows through. While the two birds look rather different from C. g. subflavescens, it is somewhat suggestive that an adult male from Hicaron Island, to the south of Coiba, does not appreciably deviate from the ordinary continental type. In view of this circumstance more material seems to be required for the proper understanding of the pepper shrike of these islands. 198 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII *Cyclarhis gujanensis canticus Bangs.1 SANTA MARTA PEPPER SHRIKE. Cydarhis flavipectus canticus Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 142, 1898 — Santa Marta, Colombia (type in coll. of E. A. and O. Bangs, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 345, 1930); Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 171, 1900— Bonda; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 227, 1904— Colombia (diag.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 541, 1917 — Chicoral, Magdalena Valley, Colombia (crit.); Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 428, 1922 — Bonda, Santa Marta, Mamatoco, Valencia, and Rio Hacha, Colombia (crit., habits) ; Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 409, 1931— Rio Frio, Magdalena. Cyclorhis flavipectus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 26, p. 448, 1858 — part, Santa Marta and "Bogota"; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 45, 1862 — part, spec, b, d, "Bogota" and Santa Marta; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 389, 1866 — part, Santa Marta; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- Amer., Aves, 1, p. 212, 1883— part, Colombia; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 320, 1883— part, Santa Marta; Sclater, Ibis, 1887, p. 322— part, Colombia; Berlepsch, Ibis, 1888, pp. 85, 91 — "Bogota" (crit.); Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, pp. 130, 134, 1889— part, Santa Marta, Car- tagena, and "Bogota" (crit.). Cydarhis flavipedus flavipectus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 11, 1906 — part, "Bogot4." Range. — Tropical zone of northern and eastern Colombia (Carib- bean coast from Cartagena to La Hacha, La Goajira; Magdalena Valley; Rio Cesar Valley). 1: Colombia ("Bogotd," 1). "Cyclarhis gujanensis flavipectus Sclater.2 YELLOW-BREASTED PEPPER SHRIKE. 1 Cydarhis gujanensis canticus Bangs: Most nearly related to C. g. flavipectus, but yellow of anterior under parts decidedly richer and brighter, less greenish, also more extensive, and the abdomen more strongly tinged with buffy; bill on average smaller. Single individuals are not always distinguishable, but taken as a whole the characters of the Colombian birds appear to be sufficiently constant to justify the recognition of C. g, canticus as a separate race. In native "Bogota" collections, both this and the next form are found, though the present one is much more common. Material examined. — Colombia: Santa Marta, 6; Chicoral, Magdalena Valley, 1; "Bogota," 18. 1 Cydarhis gujanensis flavipectus Sclater varies locally to a certain extent, but the divergency between birds from different parts of its range is not sufficiently constant to warrant further subdivision. When describing this form, Sclater did not distinguish between specimens from Colombia (Santa Marta, Bogota) and others from Trinidad and Venezuela, and it was not until 1883 that Gadow defin- itely selected Trinidad as type locality, a procedure apparently overlooked by Allen, who renamed the same form as C. f. trinitatis. Birds from Trinidad, which have, thus, to be considered as typical flavipectus, are characterized by large, stout bills, fresh (somewhat yellowish) green back, and bright yellow anterior under parts. The inner margin to the remiges is frequently 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 199 Cyelorhis flavipectus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 26, p. 448, 1858 — part, Trinidad and Venezuela, between La Guayra and Caracas (type from Trinidad in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum, as designated by Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 320, 1883); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 45, 1862 — part, spec, a, c, Caracas and Trinidad; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 81— Trinidad; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 389, 1866 — part, Trinidad; Leotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 263, 1866— Trinidad; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, pp. 166, 627— Carupano (SucrS) and San Esteban (Carabobo), Venezuela; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 320, 1883 — part, Trinidad and Caracas; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 212, 1883 — part, Venezuela, Trinidad, and "Amazonia" (errore); Sclater, Ibis, 1887, p. 322 — part, Venezuela and Trinidad; Berlepsch, Ibis, 1888, pp. 85, 91 — part, Venezuela and Trinidad; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 134, 1889— part, Venezuela; Chap- man, I.e., 6, p. 26, 1894— Trinidad; Phelps, Auk, 14, p. 364, 1897— Cumanacoa and San Antonio (Sucr6), Venezuela; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 13, 1902 — Altagracia, Caicara, Urbana, and Ciudad Bolivar, Rio Orinoco, and Suapure, Caura, Venezuela (crit., nest and eggs descr.). Cyelorhis flavipectus trinitatis Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, pp. 131, 134, 1889 — Trinidad (type probably in the American Museum of Natural History, New York). Cyclarhis flavipectus Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 1, p. 188, 1906 — Aripo, Trinidad. Cyclarhis flavipectus flavipectus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 11, 1906 — part, Trinidad (Caparo, Laventille, Chaguaramas, Pointe Gourde, Valencia, brighter yellowish than in continental birds, but this feature holds only in eight out of twenty individuals. Specimens from Sucr6 (hinterland of Cumana), the Orinoco Valley, and the eastern base of the Colombian Andes (topotypical parvus) merely differ by their smaller bills. In coloration they agree inter se, and do not appreciably diverge from the Trinidad series. The pepper shrikes from north- western Venezuela (Caracas region; San Esteban; Tocuyo, Lara) are also small- billed, but with few exceptions they are duller, more grayish green above, and the jugular area is of a paler yellow. The larger bill is thus seen to be the only fairly constant feature of the Trinidad form, though various specimens from the main- land, such as two from the Caura and one from Ciudad Bolivar, are just as large- billed. If the island birds be separated on this score, the pepper shrikes of Sucre, the Orinoco basin, and eastern Colombia will have to be united under Chapman's term parvus, and those from northwestern Venezuela, with duller grayish green back and paler yellow under parts, will require a new name. Considering the fact, however, that very large numbers of birds from the various regions are not distinguishable with certainty, I do not advocate this splitting into three races, and prefer to keep them together under Sclater's subspecific designation flavi- pectus, as I have explained at length in Arch. Naturg., 90, A, Heft 2, pp. 162-164. Two specimens from the Caura Valley, Venezuela, by more greenish yellow fore- neck and chest, exhibit a tendency in the direction of C. g. gujanensis. Additional material examined. — Trinidad: Caparo, 18; Icacos, 1; Laventille, 3; Valencia, 1; Pointe Gourde, 1; Aripo, 1. — Venezuela, Sucre: Campos Alegre, 8; Celci Puede, 3; Quebrada Secca, 2; Los Palmales, 2; La Tigrera, 1; La Montana del Guacharo, Caripe, 1; Altagracia, Rio Orinoco, 8; Ciudad Bolivar, 2; Caicara, Rio Orinoco, 2; Urbana, Rio Orinoco, 1; Caura Valley, 4; Rio Mamera, Caracas, 1; Loma Redonda, Caracas, 8; Las Quiguas and San Esteban, Carabobo, 11; San Carlos, Zamora, 1 ; near Bucarito, Lara, 2. — Colombia: Villavicencio, 1 ; "Bogota," 2. 200 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Seelet) and Venezuela (Cumana; Bucarito, Lara; San Esteban; San Car- los); Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 1, p. 357, 1908— Carenage, Trinidad. Cyclarhis gujanensis flavipectus Hellmayr and Seilern, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 59, 1912 — Las Quiguas, Carabobo, Venezuela; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 207, 1913 — Cariaquito and Pedernales, Paria Peninsula, and Jocopita and Boca Uracoa, Manimo River, Orinoco Delta, Venezuela; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 158, 1916— Orinoco region (nesting habits); Hellmayr, Arch. Naturg., 90, A, Heft 2, p. 161, 1924 — Loma Redonda, Venezuela (crit.). Cyclarhis flavipectus parvus Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 741, 1917 — Villavicencio, foot of eastern Andes, Colombia (type in the Amer- ican Museum of Natural History, New York). Cyclorhis guianensis (not Tanagra gujanensis Gmelin) Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 64, 1851 — part, Caracas. Range. — Island of Trinidad and Venezuela, south to the Orinoco basin, and west to the eastern foot of the eastern Andes of Colombia (Villavicencio and Buenavista). 9: Trinidad (St. Ann's Valley, 1) ; Venezuela (Cumana, 1; Caracas, 3; Maracay, Aragua, 3; Colon, Tachira, 1). *Cyclarhis gujanensis gujanensis (Gmelin). GUIANAN PEPPER SHRIKE. Tanagra gujanensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 893, 1789 — based on "Verde- roux" Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois. (Impr. Roy.), 5, p. 27; "Guyane"= French Guiana. Tanagra guianensis Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, p. 427, 1790 — based on "Verderoux" Buffon. Lanius superciliaris Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. &!., 26, p. 153, 1818— based on "Le Sourcirou" Levaillant, Ois. d'Afr., 2, p. Ill, pi. 76, fig. 2, 1799; probably Cayenne. Cyclarhis poliocephala Tschudi, Arch. Naturg., 11, (1), p. 362, 1845 — "Brasilia septentrionalis; Guyana, Surinam" (no type specified); idem, Unters. Faun. Peru., Aves., p. 169, 1846— forests of Peru. Cyclarhis guyanensis Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 5, p. 133, 1842 — part, Cayenne and Brazil; idem, Mag. Zool., (2), 5, Ois., text to pi. 33, p. 2, 1843— part, Cayenne and Brazil. Cyclorhis guianensis Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 64, 1851 — part, Brazil; Bur- meister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 106, 1856 — part, Para and Ama- zonia; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 26, p. 448, 1858 — Guiana and northern Brazil; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 45, 1862 — Ucayali, Peru, and Cayenne; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 389, 1866 — Cayenne (crit.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 179 — upper Ucayali, Peru; idem, I.e., 1867, p. 569— Para; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, pp. 74, 138, 1868— Borba (Rio Madeira), Rio Negro, and Forte do Rio Branco, Brazil (diag.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1873, 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 201 p. 257 — upper Ucayali; Taczanowski, I.e., 1874, p. 509 — Paltaypampa, Peru; idem, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 448, 1884 — Paltaypampa and upper Ucayali, Peru; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 319, 1883— Guiana and north- eastern Brazil (Para); Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 205 — Roraima, British Guiana; Sclater, Ibis, 1887, p. 323 — Guiana, Cayenne, lower and upper Amazonia (crit.) ; Berlepsch, Ibis, 1888, pp. 86, 91 (crit., range); idem, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 294, 1889— Tarapoto, Peru; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, pp. 133, 134, 1889 — Cayenne, Para, and Santare'm (crit.); Riker and Chapman, Auk, 7, p. 266, 1890 — Santar&n; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 332— La Gloria, Dept. Junm, Peru; M6n6gaux, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 10, p. 180, 1904— Oyapock River, French Guiana; Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 9, 1908 — Bom Lugar and Monte Alegre, Rio Purus; Penard, Vog. Guyana, 2, p. 538, 1910 — Surinam (nest and eggs descr.). Cyclorhis gujanensis Ihering and Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 338, 1907 (range); Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, pp. 109, 316, 1908 — Cayenne and Oyapock, French Guiana. Cyclarhis gujanensis Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 12, p. 271, 1905 — IgarapeVAssu, Para; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 479, 1914— Para, Providencia, Benevides, Maguary, Apehu, Santo Antonio do Prata, Braganca, Rio Guama (Santa Maria de Sao Miguel), Rio Tocantins (Ilha Pirunum), Rio Xingu (Forte Amb6), Rio Jamauchim (Santa Helena), Rio Tapajoz (Boim), and Monte Alegre; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 401, 1921— Roraima and upper Takutu Mountains, British Guiana; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 2, No. 6, p. 59, 1926 — Tury-assu, Maranhao. Cyclarhis gujanensis gujanensis Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 346, 1907; I.e., 17, p. 269, 1910 — Borba and Humayta, Rio Madeira; idem, Abhandl. Math.-Phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 87, 1912— Para and Igarap6-Assu, Para; Beebe, Zoologica (N.Y.), 2, p. 96, 1916— Utinga, Para; Naumburg, Auk, 42, p. 346, 1925 (crit.); Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 173, 1928— Para; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 263, 1929— Tury-assu, Maranhao; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 336, 1930 — Juruena River, Matto Grosso; Chap- man, I.e., 63, p. 113, 1931 — Arabupu, Philipp Camp, and Rondon Camp, Roraima. Cyclarhis gujanensis albiventris (not of Sclater and Salvin, 1873) Carriker, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 82, p. 375, 1930— Enefias, Dept. Junin, Peru (type in the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia). Range. — French, Dutch, and British Guiana; northern Brazil, from the wooded coast-belt of northwestern Maranhao (Tury-assu) throughout the Amazonian basin south to northern Matto Grosso (Juruena River) and west to eastern Peru1 (Samiria, Rio Maran6n; 1 Not yet taken in eastern Ecuador (cf. Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 590, 1926). 202 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Tarapoto, Rio Huallaga; upper Ucayali; La Gloria, Enenas, and Rio PerenS, Dept. Junin).1 2: Brazil (Manaos, 1; Tury-assu, Maranhao, 1). *Cyclarhis gujanensis cearensis Baird.2 EAST BRAZILIAN PEPPEB SHRIKE. Cyclorhis cearensis Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 391, May, 1866 — Cear3 (type in U. S. National Museum); Berlepsch, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 116 (note 1), 1885 — Ceara, Bahia, and "Nova Friburgo," errore (crit.); idem, Ibis, 1888, pp. 87, 91 — Bahia and Goyaz (crit.); Ihering and Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 338, 1907 — Barretos, Sao Paulo (range in part, excl. Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo, and Para); Reiser, Denks. Math.- Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 79, 1910— Pernambuco (Pac d'Alho, near Recife) and Bahia (Cabula; Fazenda Tab&a and Santa Rita, Rio Preto); Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 2, No. 6, p. 41, 1926— Ceara. Cyclarhis gujanensis cearensis Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 15, pp. 22, 23, 1908 — Rio Thesouras and Rio Araguaya, Goyaz (crit., synon., range, meas.); Menegaux, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., No. 98, p. 85, 1917— PoconS, Matte Grosso; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 192, 1921 — Chiquitos, eastern Bolivia; Naumburg, Auk, 42, p. 346, 1925 (crit.); idem, Bull. Amer 1 Birds from various localities in northern Brazil agree with series from Frencl Guiana and Mount Roraima, but are perhaps not quite so greenish on the fore- neck. A single adult from the Rio Juruena, Matto Grosso, is quite typical ol gujanensis. On the other hand, a male from Tury-assu, Maranhao, tends to C. g cearensis by larger bill and greater extent of the greenish area on jugulum and sides of chest, thus connecting the two forms. I do not see how Peruvian birds, de- scribed by Carriker under the preoccupied name albiventris, can be separated. AE adult male from La Gloria, Chanchamayo, shows none of the characters assigned to the supposed race, the middle of the breast being, if anything, more grayish than in the Guianan average, while the chest is of the same tone as in numerous specimens from other localities. Two additional skins from northern Peru (Samiria and Tarapoto) do not differ either. Additional material examined. — French Guiana: Cayenne, 5; Saint Jean dn Maroni, 1. — Dutch Guiana: near Paramaribo, 1. — British Guiana: Roraima, 7 Rio Yuruani, 1. — Brazil: Utinga, Para, 1; Igarape-Assu, Para, 1; Ourem, Ric Guama, 2; Faro, Rio Jamunda, 1; Forte Amb6, Rio Xingu, 1; Forte do Sao Joa- quim, Rio Branco, 2; Manaos, 1; Rio Negro, below Marabitanas, 1; Borba, Ric Madeira, 2; Humayta, Rio Madeira, 1; Rio Juruena, Matto Grosso, 1. — Peru Samiria, 1 ; Tarapoto, Rio Huallaga, 1 ; La Gloria, Chanchamayo, Dept. Junin, 1 * Cyclarhis gujanensis cearensis Baird is merely a small form of C. g. viridii with less powerful bill, somewhat brighter green back, and clearer yellow foreneck The buffy tinge of the abdomen is well-pronounced in fresh plumage, but graduallj disappears as the season advances. Birds from Bahia (albiventris) are identical with series from Ceara and interioi Maranhao, while the inhabitants of Minas Geraes, Goyaz, and Matto Grossc generally have slightly smaller bills, although this insignificant divergency is com- pletely bridged by individual variation. It is now an established fact that speci- mens without the plumbeous basal spot to the lower mandible, considered by certain authors as specifically different (C. unedii), merely represent an immature stage of the present form. Birds from the coast of Maranhao (Sao Bento, Miritiba] are intermediate to C. g. gujanensis, a race which actually stretches into the extremt northwestern section of that state. )35 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 203 Mus. N. H., 60, p. 337, 1930 — Urucum and Tapirapoan, Matto Grosso (crit.); Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 264, 1929— Maranhao (Sao Bento, Sao Luiz, Barra do Corda, Cod6 [Cocos], Tran- queira, Fazenda Inhuma), Piauhy (Arara), Ceara (Varzea Formosa, Quixada, Serra de Baturite", Ju4), and Goyaz (Philadelphia) (crit.); Laubmann, Wissens. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 306, 1930— San Jose", Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Thamnophilus guianensis (not Tanagra gujanensis Gmelin) Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), p. 1016, 1831 — Campo Geral, southwestern Bahia. Laniagra guyanensis d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame"r. Me"rid., Ois., p. 160, 1836 — Chiquitos, Bolivia; Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 9, 1837— part, Bolivia. Cycloris guianensis Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 106, 1856 — Brazil (part). Cyclorhis viridis (not Saltator viridis Vieillot) Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 392, 1866 — part, Rio Parana; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, pp. 123, 126, 134, 1889 — Chapada, Matto Grosso (range in part); idem, I.e., 3, p. 346, 1891— Chapada; Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 378, p. 3, 1900 — Corumba, Matto Grosso; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 337, 1907 — part, Matto Grosso; Grant, Ibis, 1911, p. 89 — part, Pan de Azucar, Matto Grosso. Cyclorhis wiedii Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, pp. 74, 137, 138, 1868— Bahia, Rio Parana (Sao Paulo), Goyaz, Cuyaba and Engenho do Cap Gama, Matto Grosso (type, from Cuyaba, in Vienna Museum examined); Berlepsch, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 116 (note 1), 1885 — Rio Parand (crit.); idem, Ibis, 1888, pp. 88, 91 — Engenho do Cap Gama, Matto Grosso, and Rio Parana (crit.). Cyclorhis albiventris Sclater and Salvin, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., p. 156, 1873 — Bahia, Brazil (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum) ; Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 329— Pernambuco; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 319, 1883 — Bahia, Pernambuco, and "Para" (errore); Sclater, Ibis, 1887, p. 323— Pernambuco to Bahia (crit.); Berlepsch, Ibis, 1888, p. 86 (crit.). Cyclorhis sp. inc. Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 595 — part, Chiquitos, Bolivia (ex d'Orbigny). Range. — Eastern Bolivia (plains of Chiquitos) and tableland of razil, from Matto Grosso and northern Sao Paulo (Rio Parana id Barretos) east to western Minas Geraes and Bahia, and north > Ceara, Piauhy, and Maranhao. 39: Brazil, Maranhao (Sao Bento, 1; Sao Luiz, 1; Barra do Corda, ;Codo, Cocos, 1; Tranqueira, 1; Fazenda Inhuma, Alto Parnahyba, i; Piauhy (Arara, 2); Ceara (Varzea Formosa, 2; Quixada, 3; Serra 3 Baturite*, 4; Jua, near Iguatu, 5); Bahia (Santo Amaro, 3; Macaco ecco, near Andarahy, 1 ; Rio do Peixe, near Queimadas, 1) ; Goyaz 204 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII (Philadelphia, 4); Matto Grosso (Chapada, 2; Descalvados, 2; Urucum de Corumba, 2).1 *Cyclarhis gujanensis viridis (Vieillot). STOUT-BILLED PEPPER SHRIKE. Saltator viridis Vieillot, Tabl. Enc. Me"th., Orn., 2, livr. 91, p. 793, 1822— based on "Habia verde" Azara, No. 89; Paraguay to the La Plata River. Laniagra guyanensis (not Tanagra gujanensis Gmelin) d'Orbigny, Voy. AmeY, Me>id., Ois., p. 160, 1836 — part, Prov. Yungas, Ayupaya, and Rio Grande, Bolivia; Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 9, 1837— Bolivia (in part). Cyclaris guyanensis Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 5, p. 133, 1842 — part, Paraguay and Bolivia. Cyclorhis viridis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 26, p. 448, 1858 — Paraguay and Bolivia (diag.); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 46, 1862 — Bolivia; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 392, 1866 — part, spec, ex Bolivia; Berlepsch, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 116, 1885 — Paraguay and Tucuman (crit.); idem, Journ. Orn., 35, pp. 5, 114, 1887 — LambarS, Paraguay; idem, Ibis, 1888, p. 91 — Paraguay, Tucuman, Salta, and Bolivia; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, pp. 126, 134, 1889 — part, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina; Stempelmann and Schulz, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, 10, p. 399, 1890— Cordoba; Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 10, No. 208, p. 3, 1895— Carpegua, Paraguay; idem, I.e., 12, No. 292, p. 5, 1897— Tala, Salta; Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, p. 318, 1904— Paraguay; Bruch, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 11, p. 256, 1904— Dept. Rosario, Salta; Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, p. 40, 1905 — Tucuman; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 337, 1907 — San Luis (range excl. Matto Grosso); Grant, Ibis, 1911, p. 89 — part, Puerto Pinasco, Paraguay. Cyclorhis viridis viridis Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 167, pi. 2, fig. 20 (egg), 1909— Chaco (Ocampo, Mocovf) and Tucuman. Cyclarhis viridis Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25, p. 140, 1902 — Sapucay, Paraguay; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 61, 1914 — Paraguay. Cyclarhis gujanensis viridis Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 24, 1908 — Paraguay, northern Argentina, and Bolivia (crit., meas.); Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 366, 1910 — Cosquin (Cordoba), San Luis, Salta, and Chaco; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 192, 1921— Yungas, Bolivia (crit.); Giacomelli, El Hornero, 3, p. 68, 1923— La Rioja; Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 366, 1926— Chaco (Las Palmas), Formosa (Riacho Pilaga), and Tucuman (Tapia) (habits); Friedmann, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, p. 215, 1927 — Concepci6n, Tucuman; Laubmann, Wissens. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 307, 1930 — Fortin Esteros and Villa Montes, Tarija, Bolivia (crit.). 1 Additional material examined. — Ceara, 2. — Maranhao: Miritiba, 1. — Pernam- buco: Pao d'Alho, near Recife, 1. — Bahia: Cabula, 1; Bahia, 31; Santa Rita, Rio Preto, 1; Fazenda Tab6a, Rio Preto, 1. — Goyaz: Porto Imperial, 1; Goyaz, 1; Rio Thesouras, 2; Rio Araguaya, 4. — Minas Geraes: Agua Suja, near Bagagem, 12. — Sao Paulo: Rio Parana, 1. — Matto Grosso: Chapada, 18; Cuyaba, 1; Engenho do Cap Gama, 1; Urucum, 4; Tapirapoan, 2. — Bolivia: Chiquitos, 2; San Jose", 1. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 205 Cyclorhis altirostris Salvin, Ibis, (4), 4, p. 352, 1880 — Salta (type in Salvin- Godman Collection, now in British Museum, examined); Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 319, 1883— Bolivia and Argentina; Sclater, Ibis, 1887, p. 323 (crit.; excl. White's record); Berlepsch, Ibis, 1888, p. 89— Paraguay, Salta, Tucuman, and Bolivia (excl. Chiquitos) (crit.) ; Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 1, p. 24, pi. 3, fig. 2, 1888— Paraguay and Salta; Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 174, 1902 — Tucuman; Baer, Ornis, 12, p. 215, 1904— Tapia, Tucuman. Cyclorhis ochrocephala (not of Tschudi) Frenzel, Journ. Orn., 39, p. 118, 1891— Rio Tercero, Cordoba; Kerr, Ibis, 1892, p. 123— Fortin Page, lower Pilcomayo (spec, examined). Cyclorhis sp. inc. Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 595 — part, Yungas, Ayupaya, and Rio Grande, Bolivia (ex d'Orbigny); Kerr, Ibis, 1901, p. 223— Paraguayan Chaco. Range. — Northern Argentina, west of the Rio Parana, from Santa F6, Chaco, and Formosa west to Cordoba, San Luis, La Rioja, Tucu- man, and Salta; Paraguay; highlands of Bolivia.1 6: Argentina (Conception, Tucuman, 5) ; Paraguay (Villa Rica, 1). "Cyclarhis gujanensis ochrocephala Tschudi. OCHRE-CROWNED PEPPER SHRIKE. Cyclarhis ochrocephala Tschudi, Arch. Naturg., 11, (1), p. 362, 1845 — southern Brazil and Buenos Aires [excl. Bolivia and Peru] (no type specified); Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25, p. 140, 1902 — Sapucay, Paraguay; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 366, 1910 — Argentina (Corrientes, Entre Rios, Buenos Aires, Barracas al Sud); Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 60, 1914— Alto Parana; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 192, 1921— Corrientes (crit., range); Tremoleras, El Hornero, 2, p. 22, 1920 — Canelones, San Jos6, and Flores, Uruguay; Seri6 and Smyth, I.e., 3, p. 52, 1923— Santa Elena, Entre Rios; Pereyra, I.e., 3, p. 170, 1923— San Isidro, Buenos Aires; Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 366, 1926 — Berazategui, Buenos Aires, and San Vicente and Rio Negro, Uruguay (habits); Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 184, 1926— Fazenda Durski, Invernadinha, Cara Pintada, and Therezina, Parana. 1 There is no difference whatever between Paraguayan birds (typical viridis) and others from Argentina (altirostris). As has been pointed out long ago by the late Count Berlepsch (Ibis, 1888, p. 89), Azara's description of the "Habia Verde" clearly refers to the large-billed pepper shrike with plumbeous basal spot to the lower mandible. This form is chiefly found west of the Parana, though it is like- wise widely diffused in the northern and western parts of Paraguay proper. Birds from Bolivia, except those occurring in the plains of Chiquitos, agree very well with the present form, too. Measurements are given in Nov. Zool., 15, p. 24, 1908. Additional material examined. — Paraguay: Bernalcu6 (near Asuncion), 3; Trinidad, 2; Fort Wheeler, Chaco, 3; General Pinedo, Chaco, 2. — Argentina: Mocovi, Santa F6, 1; Ocampo, Santa Fe, 5; Cordoba, 1; Suncho Corral, Santiago del Estero, 1; Tucuman, 2; Tafi, Tucuman, 1; Sarmiento, Tucuman, 1; Salta, 4; Catadera, San Luis, 1. — Bolivia: Santa Cruz, 2; Samaipata, 3; Chulumani, 1; Yungas, 2. 206 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Cyclorhis ochrocephala Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 26, p. 448, 1858 — southeastern Brazil; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 45, 1862 — Brazil; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 391, 1866 — Rio de Janeiro and Tigre (crit.); Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, pp. 73, 138, 1868— Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo (Casa Pintada, Ypanema, Ytarar6), and Parana (Curytiba) (crit.); idem, Nunq. Otios., 2, p. 291, 1874 — Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro; Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 437 — Lag&a Santa, Mocambo, and Paracatu, Minas Geraes; Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 116, 1885— Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul (crit.); Sclater, Ibis, 1887, p. 323 (crit.); Berlepsch, Ibis, 1888, pp. 87, 91 — Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Buenos Aires, and Corrientes (crit., range); Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 1, p. 23, pi. 3, fig. 1, 1888— "middle Argentine"; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, pp. 127, 134, 1889— southeastern Brazil and Argentina (crit.); Aplin, Ibis, 1894, p. 165 — Arroyo Grande and Rio Negro, Uruguay; Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 2, p. 165, 1897— Villa Bella, Una de Sao Sebastiao, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 3, p. 137, 1899— Sao Paulo, Tiete, and Sao Sebastiao, Sao Paulo; idem, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 117, 1899 — Mundo Novo and Pedras Brancas, Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, p. 152, 1900 — Cantagallo and Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro; Miranda Ribeiro, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 13, p. 183, 1906 — Morro dos Carneiros, Itatiaya; Ihering and Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 338, 1907 — Sao Paulo (Ypiranga, Rio Feio, Campos do Jordao, Ytarare, Bauru, Estacao do Rio Grande), Minas Geraes (Itatiaya and Vargem Alegre), and Argen- tina (Tigre'); Liiderwaldt, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), 27, p. 356, 1909— Itatiaya; Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 167, 1909 — Barracas al Sud, Buenos Aires; Chrostowski, Compt. Rend. Soc. Scient. Varsovie, 5, pp. 485, 499, 1912 — Vera Guarany, Parana. [Cyclorhis viridis] subsp. a C. ochrocephala Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 318, 1883— south Brazil. Cyclarhis ochrocephala ochrocephala Dabbene, El Hornero, 1, p. 243, 1919 — Isla Martin Garcia, Buenos Aires; Marelli, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 654, 1924— Prov. of Buenos Aires; Holt, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 57, p. 314, 1928— Serra do Itatiaya, Brazil. Laniagra guyanensis (not Tanagra gujanensis Gmelin) d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Merid., Ois., p. 160, 1836 — part, Corrientes; Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 9, 1837 — part, Corrientes, Argentina. Cyclarhis guianensis Swainson, Orn. Draw., Part 5, pi. 58, 1837; Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 58, 1839— Maldonado. Cyclorhis viridis (not Saltator viridis Vieillot) Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 64, 1851 — southern Brazil and Paraguay (crit.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 159 — Conchitas, Buenos Aires; Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 84, 1874 — Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; Doering, Period. Zool. Arg., 1, p. 253, 1874 — Rio Guayquiraro, Corrientes; Durnford, Ibis, 1878, p. 58 — Punta Lara, Prov. Buenos Aires; White, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 595— Punta Lara; Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 88, 1883— Conception del Uruguay, Entre Rios; Allen, Auk, 6, p. 269, 1889 (crit.). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 207 Cycloris viridis Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 107, 1856 — Rio de Janeiro and Nova Friburgo; idem, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 251, 1860 — Parana, Entre Rios; idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 472, 1861— Parana. Cyclorhis wiedii (not of Pelzeln) Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 137, 1899 — Serra de Paranapiacaba, Sao Paulo; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 338, 1907— Alto da Serra, Sao Paulo. Cyclorhis wiedi Chubb, Ibis, 1910, p. 612 — Sapucay, Paraguay (spec, examined). Cyclarhis wiedi Bertoni, Seg. Contrib. Orn. Parag., in Rev. Inst. Parag., 1907 [Sep., p. 2] — Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 435, 1910 — Alto Parana (ex Bertoni); idem, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 353, 1914 — Iguazu (ex Bertoni); Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 61, 1914 — Asunci6n. Cyclarhis viridis wiedi Bertoni, Anal. Soc. Cient. Arg., 75, p. 97, 1913 — Iguazu. Cyclarhis ochrocephala dabbenei Bertoni, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 17, No. 6, p. 220, Dec., 1913 — northeastern Paraguay (type in coll. of A. W. de Bertoni). Cyclarhis jaczewskii Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 184, 1926 — Marechal Mallet, Parana (type in Warsaw Museum;=worn plumage). Range. — Southeastern Brazil, from southern and eastern Minas Geraes (Marianna; Sao Francisco; Mocambo; Paracatu; Lag6a Santa) and Espirito Santo (Victoria) to Rio Grande do Sul; Uruguay; northeastern Argentina, in provinces of Corrientes, Entre Rios, Misiones, and Buenos Aires; Paraguay (southern and eastern parts).1 23: Brazil (Rio das Velhas, near Lagoa Santa, 2; Therezopolis, Rio de Janeiro, 6; Victoria, Sao Paulo, 1; Joinville, Santa Catharina, 1 Birds from Corrientes, Entre Rios, and Misiones agree well with Brazilian specimens, whereas those from Uruguay and Buenos Aires generally have the yellow jugular band narrower and paler in tone. They are, however, closely approached by certain individuals from Sao Paulo. Occasionally the maxilla is dark brown and the mandible dusky, with or without a paler tip. Such specimens we have seen from Sao Paulo (Alambary), Parana (Serra do Mar), and Entre Rios (La Soledad). C. o. dabbenei Bertoni appears to have been based upon an individual of the same variety. In breeding plumage, when the brownish tips to the feathers have been worn off, the pileum becomes dingy gray, and we have little doubt that C. jaczewskii, described from a single January specimen taken in Parana, where the brown-headed C. g. ochrocephala is also found, refers to that stage. Though we heretofore regarded ochrocephala as specifically distinct, Paraguayan material recently examined tends to show that it is merely a geographical race of the gujanensis group. The British Museum has six specimens from Sapucay, Para- guay. Four are typical ochrocephala. The two remaining ones have stouter, more elevated bills, more like C. g. viridis, with suggestions of a dusky basal spot to the lower mandible, and in one the rufous superciliars are broader and carried as far back as the posterior margin of the auriculars, thus showing the same extent as in C. g. viridis. Two additional examples from Sapucay exhibit all the characters of the latter form. Intergradation is therefore established in southern Paraguay. Otherwise the two pepper shrikes replace each other geographically. In Minas Geraes, C. g. ochrocephala inhabits the southern districts (Marianna, Sao Francisco, 208 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 1); Argentina, Misiones (Eldorado, 3; Puerto Segundo, 5); Uruguay (Quebrada de los Cuervos, north of Trienta y Tres, 3; Polanco, Minas, 1; Rio Uruguay, southwest of Dolores, Soriano, 1). Cyclarhis gujanensis virenticeps Sclater.1 GREEN-CROWNED PEPPER SHRIKE. Cyclorhis virenticeps Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 274, pi. 164, 1860 — Babahoyo, Ecuador (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 46, 1862 — Babahoyo; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 393, 1866 — Babahoyo (crit.); Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, p. 319 — Tumbez, Peru; Berlepsch and Taczanowski, I.e., 1883, p. 542 — Yaguachi and Guayaquil, Ecuador; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 317, 1883— Ecuador; Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 449, 1884 — Tumbez and Paucal, Peru; Sclater, Ibis, 1887, p. 322 — western Ecuador (crit.); Berlepsch, Ibis, 1888, pp. 85, 91 — western Ecuador and northern Peru; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 3, p. 135, 1889 (range); Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 10, 1899— Balzar, Ecuador; Berlioz, Bui). Mus. Nat. Hist., Paris, (2), 4, p. 234, 1932— Isla Silva, Ecuador. Cyclarhis virenticeps Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 591, 1926 — Chone, Chongocito, Guayaquil, Duran, La Puente, El Chiral, Santa Rosa, Portovelo, Punta Santa Ana, Casanga, Salvias, Las Pinas, Alamor, Guainche, Rio Pullango, and Loja, Ecuador (crit.). Range. — Tropical zone of southwestern Ecuador, from the Rio Chone southward, and adjoining section of northwestern Peru, west of the Andes.2 etc.) and C. g. cearensis the extreme west, birds from the central part of the state (Lagoa Santa) being intermediate between the two. In Argentina, C. g. ochro- cephala lives east of the Parana in Corrientes and Entre Rios, while west of that river C. g. viridis takes its place. Additional material examined. — Brazil. — Espirito Santo: Brago do Sul, Victoria, 2. — Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, 7; Therezopolis, 8. — Sao Paulo: Victoria, 9; Alambary, 2; Piquete, 3; Casa Pintada, 2; Ypanema, 4; Ytarare1, 1. — Parana: Curytiba, 3; Roga Nova, Serra do Mar, 2; Castro, 1. — Rio Grande do Sul: Taquara do Mundo Novo, 2; Sao Lourengo, 1; Camaquam, 1. — Argentina: Corrientes (Santo Tome1), 2; La Soledad, Entre Rios, 2; Buenos Aires (Avellaneda, Barracas al Sud, Platanos, etc.), 7. — Paraguay: Sapucay, 8. 1 Cyclarhis gujanensis virenticeps Sclater and its Peruvian allies (C. g. contrerasi, C. g. saturatus) differ from the C. gujanensis group proper by lacking the gray on the crown, which is replaced by green and chestnut; olive yellow or yellowish green instead of pale gray auriculars; much greater extent of the yellow on throat and chest, etc. However, an adult female from Huancabamba (Mus. Comp. Zool., No. 79898) has the forecrown, behind the chestnut frontal band, largely gray, and also the anterior auriculars grayish, suggesting intergradation with C. g. gujanensis, found in the Tropical zone of eastern Peru. I have, therefore, no hesita- tion in accepting Mr. Zimmer's proposal to unite the green-crowned and gray- crowned groups in one "formenkreis." 2 Birds from Chone, Manayi, and Guayas (Guayaquil, Yaguachi, Rio Salado) are above brighter, more yellowish green, than those from more southern localities, one from Zaruma, Prov. del Oro, being just as decidedly green as C. g. contrerasi. Of four specimens from Loja, three agree with the northern birds in the coloration .935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 209 'Cyclarhis gujanensis contrerasi Taczanowski.1 CHESTNUT- CAPPED PEPPER SHRIKE. Cyclorhis contrerasi Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 224, pi. 21 — Tambillo, Prov. Jaen, northern Peru (type lost, formerly in Warsaw Mu- seum; cf. Sztolcman and Domaniewski, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 160, 1927); idem, I.e., 1880, p. 192— Call acate, Peru; idem, I.e., 1882, p. 8 — Chachapoyas, Dept. Amazonas (crit.); Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 321, 1883— Callacate; Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 450, 1884 — Tambillo, Callacate, Cutervo, and Chachapoyas; Sclater, Ibis, 1887, p. 322 — western Peru (crit.); Berlepsch, Ibis, 1888, pp. 85, 91 —northern Peru; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 135, 1889— northern Peru; Salvin, Nov. Zool., 2, p. 3, 1895 — Cajabamba and Succha, Huamachuco (spec, examined). Cyclarhis coutrerasi [sic] Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35, p. 458, 1918 — Perico (near Tabaconas) and Huancabamba, Dept. Piura (spec, examined). Cyclarhis virenticeps (not of Sclater) Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35, p. 458, 1918 — Tabaconas, Dept. Cajamarca (spec, examined). Range. — Northern Peru, in the mountains bordering the Maranon Valley, extending east into the Valley of Huayabamba, Dept. San Martin, chiefly in the Temperate zone. 2: Peru (Hacienda Limon, ten miles west of Balsas, 2). "Cyclarhis gujanensis saturatus Zimmer.2 SOUTHERN CHEST- NUT-CAPPED PEPPER SHRIKE. )f the pileum, viz., forehead and superciliaries only chestnut, the remaining portion iniform green like the back. The fourth, however, has the feathers of the center ind back of the crown margined with chestnut, and is barely distinguishable from certain individuals of contrerasi. Material examined. — Ecuador: Chone, Manavf, 3; Yaguachi, Guayas, 1; Rio Salado, Guayas, 1; Guayaquil, 3; Zaruma, Prov. del Oro, 1; Loja, 4. 1 Cyclarhis gujanensis contrerasi Taczanowski: Very near to C. g. virenticeps, but feathers on top and back of the crown more or less broadly margined with chestnut, this color sometimes concealing the green mesial disks; auriculars more greenish; size on average larger. This form is extremely variable individually, specimens with the least amount af chestnut edges being barely separable from certain south Ecuadorian birds with chestnut-edged crown feathers. The intensity of the chestnut on forehead and superciliaries is subject to much variation, while hardly two examples are alike as to tone and width of the yellow pectoral area. Material examined. — Dept. Piura: Huancabamba, 2. — Dept. Cajamarca: Perico, 1; Tabaconas, 1; Callacate, 1; Cajabamba, 2. — Dept. San Martin: Guaya- bamba, 1. — Dept. Libertad: Succha, Huamachuco, 1; Hacienda Lim6n, west of Balsas, 2; Choquisongo, north of Otuzco, 1. — Dept. Amazonas: Leimabamba, 1. 2 Cyclarhis gujanensis saturatus Zimmer: Exceedingly close to C. g. contrerasi, but yellow on sides of head and anterior under parts much brighter, deep strontian yellow rather than sulphine yellow, also more extended posteriorly over the breast, and sides of the body more strongly suffused with ochraceous. Wing, 83 M» (female) 80-83; tail, 72-75; bill, 16^-17. Considering the great variability of C. g. contrerasi, this form needs confirma- tion by a larger series. Some specimens from Cajabamba are fully as large as the Cullcui birds, but not one of the northern examples has the flanks and sides so deeply ochraceous. 210 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Cyclarhis gujanensis saturatus Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 107, 1925 — Cullcui, Maran6n River, Dept. Huanuco, Peru (type in Field Museum of Natural History); idem, I.e., 17, p. 415, 1930 — Cullcui. Range. — Temperate zone of central Peru, in Dept. Huanuco (Cullcui, near Llata, sources of the Rio Maranon). 3: Peru (Cullcui, 3). Cyclarhis nigrirostris nigrirostris Lafresnaye. BLACK-BILLED PEPPER SHRIKE. Cyclaris nigrirostris Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 5, p. 133, 1842 — "in Colombia" = Bogota (type in coll. of F. de Lafresnaye, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 346, 1930). Cyclarhis nigrirostris Lafresnaye, Mag. Zool., (2), 5, Ois., pi. 33, text, pp. 1, 3, 1843— Bogot4; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 20, p. 234, 1913— part, Colombia (Bogota, Santa Elena) and eastern Ecuador (Baeza); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 542, 1917 — part, Salencio, San Antonio, Cerro Munchique, Gallera, Cocal, Salento, Santa Elena, Rio Toch6, La Palma, and Aguadita, Colombia. Cyclorhis nigrirostris Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 151, 1855 — Bogota; idem, I.e., 26, p. 448, 1858 — Nova Grenada; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 46, 1862— Bogota; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 394, 1866— Bogota (crit.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 495 — Santa Elena, Colombia; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 317, 1883— Colombia; Sclater, Ibis, 1887, p. 324 — Bogota and Antioquia; Berlepsch, Ibis, 1888, pp. 90, 91 — Colombia; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 135, 1889— Colombia; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 316 — part, Baeza, eastern Ecuador. Cyclarhis nigrirostris nigrirostris Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 591, 1926 — Baeza and below Oyacachi, Ecuador. Range. — Subtropical zone of eastern Ecuador (Baeza; below Oyacachi) and Colombia, excepting Santa Marta region and extreme southwestern section (Nariiio).1 Cyclarhis nigrirostris atrirostris Sclater.2 WESTERN BLACK- BILLED PEPPER SHRIKE. Cyclorhis atrirostris Sclater, Ibis, (5), p. 324, pi. 10, 1887— "Ecuador" (the type examined in the British Museum is from Camino de Manavf, western 1 Specimens from eastern Ecuador agree with the Colombian ones in having the forecrown (behind the chestnut frontal edge) conspicuously gray, and the whole basal half of the lower mandible clear yellowish abruptly contrasted with the black apical portion. The size of the bill varies much individually. Material examined. — Colombia: Bogota, 10; Santa Elena, Antioquia, 3. — Ecuador: Baeza, 3. 1 Cyclarhis nigrirostris atrirostris Sclater: Similar to C. n. nigrirostris, but with less gray on the anterior crown, and lower mandible almost wholly black with only the extreme base horn color. Size about the same. The type of C. atrirostris is a young bird partly in nestling plumage, and although the chief characters used for specific separation are due to immaturity 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 211 Ecuador ;=juv.); Berlepsch, Ibis, 1888, pp. 90, 91 — Ecuador (crit.); Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 135, 1889— Ecuador (ex Sclater). Cyclarhis nigrirostris mindoensis Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 143, p. 1, Nov., 1924 — Mindo, western Ecuador (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York). Cydorhis nigrirostris (not of Lafresnaye) Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 316 — part, Milligalli and Gualea, western Ecuador. Cyclarhis nigrirostris Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 20, p. 234, 1913 — part, western Ecuador (Camino de Manavf, Gualea, Milligalli) (crit.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 542, 1917 — part, Ricaurte (Narino), Colombia. Cyclarhis nigrirostris atrirostris Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 592, 1926— Mindo, Ecuador (crit.); Berlioz, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 34, p. 441, 1928— Ilambo, Ecuador. Range. — Subtropical zone of western Ecuador and extreme south- western Colombia (Ricaurte, Narino). Family LANIIDAE. Shrikes Genus LANIUS Linnaeus Lanius Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 93, 1758 — type, by subs, desig. (Swainson, Zool. Journ., 1, p. 294, 1824), Lanius excubitor Linnaeus. *Lanius excubitor borealis Vieillot.1 NORTHERN SHRIKE. Lanius borealis Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Am6r. Sept., 1, "1807," p. 80, pi. 50, publ. 1808 — North America: "le Canada et surtout la baie d'Hudson . . . sont les contrSes de 1'Ame'rique qu'elle prefere pour s'occuper d'une nouvelle ge'ne'ration" (type in coll. of P. L. Vieillot); Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 240, 1883— part; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 237, 1904— part (monog., full bibliog.). Collyrio chemungensia "Gregg, Proc. Almira Acad., 1 (p. 9 of reprint), 1870" — Chemung County, New York (=juv.).* Lanius borealis americanus Bogdanow, Sorokoputui Russkoi, in Faunui Zap. Imp. Akad. Nauk, 39, pp. 102, 115, 1881— North America. Lanius excubitor borealis A. H. Miller, Condor, 32, p. 164, 1930 (crit.); idem, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 47, 1931 (monog.). Range. — Hudsonian zone and locally in the Canadian zone of North America, from northern Ungava to southern Ontario and Sclater's name must be adopted for the western form, which may be distinguished by having only the extreme base of the lower mandible dull brownish. Material examined. — Colombia: Ricaurte, Narino, 1. — Western Ecuador: Camino de Manavi, 1 (the type); Gualea, 1; Mindo, 3. 1 1 quite agree with Hartert and Alden H. Miller that this shrike is merely a geographic race of the European Gray Shrike (L. excubitor}. 2 Quoted from Ridgway (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 240). We have not seen this publication. 212 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII southern Quebec, west at least to the east side of Hudson Bay; winters southward to Kentucky, Virginia, and North Carolina. 23: Connecticut (East Hartford, 5); Massachusetts (Boston, 1; Wakefield, 1; Cambridge, 1); New York (Shelter Island, 1); Illinois (Chicago, 1; Waukegan, 1); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 10; Milton, 2). "Lanius excubitor invictus Grinnell.1 NORTHWESTERN SHRIKE. Lanius borealis invictus Grinnell, Pac. Coast Avifauna, 1, p. 54, 1900 — Kowak River, Alaska (type in coll. of J. Grinnell, now in Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley, Calif.); idem, I.e., 2, p. 61, 1902 — in winter south to California (Nicasio, Marysville, and Calaveras); idem, Condor, 3, p. 22, 1901— Kadiak Island, Alaska; idem, I.e., 11, p. 206, 1909— Forty Miles, Yukon Territory; idem, I.e., 12, p. 43, 1910— Fort Yukon; Bishop, I.e., 17, p. 189, 1915 — British Columbia, Montana, etc. (crit.). Lanius borealis (not of Vieillot) Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 8, p. 240, 1883 — part; Hartlaub, Journ. Orn., 31, p. 270, 1883— mouth of the Chilcat River, Alaska; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 237, 1904— part (monog., full bibliog.). Lanius excubitor invictus A. Miller, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 52, 1931 (monog.). Lanius major (not of Pallas nor Gmelin) Schalow, Auk, 1, p. 292, 1884 — mouth of the Chilcat River, Alaska. Lanius mollis (not of Eversmann) Mailliard and Hanna, Condor, 23, p. 93, 1921— west of Sitka, Alaska; Swarth, Condor, 29, p. 205, 1927 (crit.). Range. — Hudsonian zone of northwestern North America, from northwestern Alaska and Mackenzie south to extreme northern British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan; winters irregularly south to northern California, Arizona (casually), New Mexico, and Texas, east to Minnesota. 2: Colorado (Fort Lyon, 2). *Lanius ludovicianus ludovicianus Linnaeus. LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE. Lanius ludovicianus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 134, 1766 — based on "La Pie-griesche de la Louisiane" Brisson, Orn., 2, p. 162, pi. 15, fig. 2; Louisiana (type in coll. of M. Re'aumur).2 1 Lanius excubitor invictus Grinnell: Similar to L. e. borealis, but larger, with more white on wings and tail; rump more conspicuously white; scapulars and extreme forehead more whitish; under parts also whiter and less distinctly vermiculated. 2 As pointed out by A. H. Miller (Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 54, 1931), Brisson's description, the sole basis of the specific name proposed by Linnaeus, might refer with an equal degree of probability to either ludovicianus, migrans, or excubitorides. In view of the impossibility of a conclusive decision as to which of the three races mentioned should bear the name L. ludovicianus, the type speci- men forwarded by Count de la Galissoniere to M. Re'aumur being obviously lost, it seems highly desirable to conserve the current use of the name. L935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 213 (?) Lanius septentrionalis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 306, 1788 — based on "Northern Shrike" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., 1, (1), p. 165; "from the northern parts of America" (type in Leverian Museum); Shaw, Gen. Zool., 7, (2), p. 331, 1809— based on the same.1 Lanius americanus Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, p. 69, 1790 — based on "Pie-griesche de la Louisiane" Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 397; Louisiana. Lanius ardosiaceus Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Am6r. Sept., 1, "1807," pi. 81, pi. 51, 1808 — "a la Georgie, aux Florides, et a la Louisiane" (type in coll. of P. L. Vieillot). Lanius carolinensis Wilson, Amer. Orn., 3, p. 57, pi. 22, fig. 5, 1811 — "the warmer parts of the United States" (type in Peale's Museum). Lanius ludovicianus ludovicianus Palmer, Auk, 15, p. 248, 1898 (range, crit.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 241, 1904 (monog., full bibliog.); Miller, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 54, 1931 (monog.). Range. — Lower Austral zone of the Atlantic and Gulf states of North America from southern North Carolina to southern Florida2 and west through Georgia and Alabama to central Louisiana. 26: Connecticut (Bridgeport, 1); Indiana (Miller, 1); Illinois (Joliet, 3; Chicago, 2; Momence, 1; Lewistown, 1; Olive Branch, 1); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 14; Mendian, 1); Texas (El Paso, 1). "Lanius ludovicianus migrans Palmer. NORTHERN LOGGER- HEAD SHRIKE. Lanius ludovicianus migrans Palmer, Auk, 15, p. 248, 1898 — Kingston, Ontario (type in U. S. National Museum); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 243, 1904 (monog., full bibliog.); Miller, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 59, 1931 (monog.). Range. — Transition and Upper Austral zones of eastern North America, from southeastern Manitoba, southern Ontario and Quebec, Maine, and New Brunswick south to northeastern Texas, eastern Oklahoma, Arkansas, Missouri, southern Illinois, northwestern Pennsylvania, Kentucky, western North Carolina, Mississippi, Louisiana, and the interior of Virginia; winters chiefly in the Missis- sippi Valley and Texas, irregularly north to New England. 1 Although L. septentrionalis is generally quoted in the synonymy of L. e. borealis, certain passages in the description of Latham's "Northern Shrike," such as total length, the extent of the white tips to the outer tail feathers, etc., point rather to L. ludovicianus. The type appears to be lost. At all events, it is not among the specimens secured by the Vienna Museum from Sir Lever's collection. It may be remarked that both Gmelin and Shaw based their descrip- tions exclusively on Latham's "Northern Shrike," and I do not understand why Ridgway, Hartert, and others quote L. septentrionalis Shaw (not Gmelin). 2 A resident race from southern Florida has been separated as L. I. miamensis by Bishop (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 46, p. 203, 1933— type from Cutler, Bade County, Florida, in coll. of L. B. Bishop). 214 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 41: Florida (Lake Worth, 1; Starke, 1; Miami Beach, 6; Santa Rosa Island, 2; Pine Island, 3; Puntarasa, 6; City Point, 1; Wilson, 7; New River, 1; Gainesville, 2; Enterprise, 1; Mary Esther, 4; Town Point, 1; West Jupiter, 1; Eau Gallic, 1); Georgia (Savannah, 2); Louisiana (Chef Menteur, 1). *Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides Swainson. WHITE-RUMPED SHRIKE. Lanius excubitorides Swainson, in Swainson and Richardson, Faun. Bor.- Amer., 2, "1831," p. 115, pi. 34, pub. Feb., 1832— Carlton House, Sas- katchewan (location of type not stated, probably lost). Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 246, 1904— part (monog., full bibliog.); Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 83, 1911— Matamoros and San Fernando, Tamaulipas (Nov., Oct.); Miller, Univ. Calif. Pub. ZooL, 38, p. 62, 1931 (monog.). Range. — The Great Plains of North America, from central Alberta and Saskatchewan, south of latitude 54°, southward through western Texas, exclusive of the region around El Paso, to northern Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas, east to about longitude 100° in Manitoba, North and South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, and Okla- homa, but in Texas east to the vicinity of Austin and the mouth of the Colorado River, possibly as far as Houston; wintering from eastern New Mexico and western Texas south through the eastern and central parts of Mexico to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (A. H. Miller). 13: Texas (Corpus Christi, 11; Ingram, 1); Wyoming (Fort Laramie, 1). "Lanius ludovicianus mexicanus Brehm. MEXICAN SHRIKE. Lanius mexicanus Brehm, Journ. Orn., 2, pp. 145, 148, 1854 — Mexico (type, collected by Deppe, in the Berlin Museum; probably from the highlands of Vera Cruz, where most of Deppe's collecting in Mexico was effectuated); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 27, p. 375, 1859 — Oaxaca; Duges, La Naturaleza, 1, p. 141, 1869 — Guanajuato. Lanius excubitoroides (not L. excubitorides Swainson) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 173— Mexico City. Collurio excubitoroides Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 445, 1866 — Mexico (part); Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, p. 548, 1869 — temperate region of Vera Cruz. Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides Cox, Auk, 12, p. 398, 1895 — foot of Peak Orizaba, Vera Cruz (one spec., summer). Lanius ludovicianus mexicanus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 248, 1904 — southern Mexico (monog., full bibliog.); Miller, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 64, 1931 (monog.). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 215 Range. — Resident in central and southern Mexico, from southern Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon, Zacatecas, Jalisco, and Tepic south through Vera Cruz and Oaxaca to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (A. H. Miller). 2: Mexico (Iguala, Guerrero, 2). "Lanius ludovicianus sonoriensis A. H. Miller.1 SONORA SHRIKE. Lanius ludovicianus sonoriensis Miller, Condor, 32, p. 155, 1930 — White-tail Canon, Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona (type in Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley, Calif.); idem, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 67, 1931 (monog.); van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 279, 1931— El Doctor, Saric, Tesia, Tecoripa, San Luis, fifteen miles southwest of Nogales, and twelve miles west of Magdalena, Sonora; Oberholser, Sci. Pub. Clevel. Mus. N. H., 1, p. 99, 1930— Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. Collurio excubitoroides (not Lanius excubitorides Swainson) Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 445, 1866— part. Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 246, 1904 (part, full bibliog.); Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 22, p. 178, 1906 — Rosario, Las Bocas, La Boquilla, Santuario, Rio Sestin, and Rancho Baillon, northwestern Durango; Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 192, 1928 — Colorado desert, Lower California. Range. — Resident from the Colorado desert of California and Colorado Delta region of Lower California east through Arizona south of Mohave, Yavapai, Navajo, and Apache counties to southern Grant, Luna, and Dona Ana counties in New Mexico, southwest along the valley of the Rio Grande to Brewster County, Texas, and through the states of Sonora, Chihuahua, northern Durango, and Sinaloa to the vicinity of Mazatlan (A. H. Miller). 33: New Mexico (Mimbres, 3; Deming, 11); Arizona (Calabasas, 10; Phoenix, 3; Huachuca Plains, 4); Texas (Laredo, 1; El Paso, 1). Lanius ludovicianus grinnelli Oberholser.2 GRINNELL'S SHRIKE. Lanius ludovicianus grinnelli Oberholser, Wils. Bull., 31, p. 87, Sept., 1919, San Fernando, Lower California (type in U. S. National Museum); Grin- 1 Lanius ludovicianus sonoriensis A. H. Miller: Nearest to L. I. excubitorides, but wing slightly, tail proportionately much longer; upper parts markedly darker, neutral gray rather than near gull gray; white tips to outer rectrices less extensive, and white area on wings also smaller; under surface more purely white. Wing (adult male, type), 103.3; tail, 110; bill, 12. 2 Lanius ludovicianus grinnelli Oberholser: "Similar to L. I. mearnsi, but bill longer; upper tail coverts on average slightly darker, not abruptly white, but light gray; little or no white on scapulars; lower parts darker, more strongly tinged with gray, particularly on breast, sides, and flanks; upper surface on average darker; white terminal area on outer rectrix slightly smaller." (Oberholser, I.e.). 216 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII nell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 192, 1928— northern Lower California; Miller, I.e., 38, p. 69, 1931 — northern Lower California (monog.). Range. — Northern Lower California, south to about latitude 29° west of the Sierra Juarez, but extending east to the Gulf coast south of latitude 31° (resident). Lanius ludovicianus nelsoni Oberholser.1 NELSON'S SHRIKE. Lanius ludovicianus nelsoni Oberholser, Condor, 20, p. 209, 1918 — Todos Santos, southern Lower California (type in U. S. National Museum); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 194, 1928— Lower California; Miller, I.e., 38, p. 71, 1931 — Lower California (monog.). Lanius ludovicianus mearnsi (not of Ridgway, 1903) Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 252, 1904— part, Santa Margarita Island. Range. — Central and southern Lower California, from latitude 28° south to Cape San Lucas, including Cedros and Santa Margarita and probably other adjacent islands (resident). *Lanius ludovicianus gambeli Ridgway. CALIFORNIA SHRIKE. Lanius ludovicianus gambeli Ridgway, Man. N. Amer. Bds., p. 467, 1887 — "California, especially coast district" (lectotype in U. S. National Museum; type locality obviously Murphy, six miles northeast of Angels, Calaveras County; cf. Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 297, 1932); idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 249, 1904 (monog.; full bibliog.); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 192, 1928— Lower California; Miller, I.e., 38, p. 77, 1931 (monog.); van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 280, 1931— Obreg6n, T6sia, Tecoripa, and fifteen miles south of Nogales, Sonora (erit.). Lanius ludovicianus nevadensis A. H. Miller, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 156, 1930 — Lone Pine Creek, Inyo County, California (type in Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley); idem, I.e., 38, p. 74, 1931 (monog.). Range. — Western North America, from extreme southern British Columbia, Washington, and western Montana south through Oregon, Idaho, and parts of western Wyoming to California and the extreme northwest of Lower California; wintering in southern California, southern Arizona, western Mexico as far south as Morelos, and casually in southern Lower California.2 1 Lanius ludovicianus nelsoni Oberholser: Nearest to L. I. gambeli, but bill larger; upper parts on average darker, though with the upper tail coverts more conspicuously whitish; lower surface more tinged with grayish, especially on posterior portion. Judging from Miller's account, this form is obviously very close to L. I. gambeli, but distinguishable by more grayish ventral surface. 2 In the absence of adequate material for independent investigation we have followed Mr. van Rossem in combining gambeli and nevadensis under one heading. According to his researches, the last named race is "simply an intergrade between gambeli and sonoriensis." 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 217 16: Colorado (Paradox, 1); California (Los Angeles County, 1; Santa Clara, 1; Nicasio, 1; Victorville, 1; San Gabriel River, below El Monte, 1; Newcastle, 2; Corona, 1; Haywards, 1; Pasadena, 1; Monterey, 1; West Side, 1; Solano County, 3). Lanius ludovicianus anthonyi Mearns. ISLAND SHRIKE. Lanius ludovicianus anthonyi Mearns, Auk, 15, p. 261, 1898 — Santa Cruz Island, Santa Barbara group, California (type in U. S. National Museum) ; Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 22, p. 233, 1900— [Santa Cruz Island], Santa Barbara group (crit.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 251, 1904 — Santa Cruz Island (monog., bibliog.); Miller, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 82, 1931 (monog.). Range. — Islands of Santa Cruz, Anacapa, Santa Rosa, and Santa Catalina, California (resident). Lanius ludovicianus mearnsi Ridgway. SAN CLEMENTE SHRIKE. Lanius ludovicianus mearnsi Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16, p. 108, 1903 — San Clemente Island, Santa Barbara group, California (type in U. S. National Museum); idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 3, p. 252, 1904— part, San Clemente Island; Miller, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 84, 1931 — San Clemente Island (monog.). Range. — San Clemente Island, California (resident).1 Family STURNIDAE. Starlings Genus STURNUS Linnaeus Sturnus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 167, 1758 — type, by tautonymy, "Sturnus"=Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus. 1 Several Old World species of shrikes have been erroneously credited to North America. (1) Lanius elegans Swainson. Lanius elegans Swainson, in Swainson and Richardson, Faun. Bor.-Amer., 2, "1831," p. 122, pub. Feb., 1832— "the fur countries" (type in the British Museum). The type proved to be referable to the Gray Shrike of southern Algeria and Tunisia, long known under the name of L. hemileucurus Finsch and Hartlaub. Cf. Ogilvie-Grant, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 457, 1902, and Hartert, Vog. Palaarkt. Fauna, 1, p. 427, 1907. (2) Lanius ludovicianus robustus (Ridgway). Collurio ludovicianus var. robustus (Baird MS.) Ridgway, Amer. Natur., 7, p. 609, Oct., 1873 — "California" (type in the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia). Lanius bairdi Stejneger, Arch. Math. Naturvid. Kristiania, 3, pp. 326, 330, 1878 — based on Collyrio elegans Baird, etc. This turned out to be the same as Lanius excubitor algeriensis Lesson, of northern Algeria. Cf. Ridgway, Auk, 14, p. 323, 1897. 218 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII *Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris Linnaeus. STARLING. Slurnus vulgaris Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 167, 1758 — "Europe"; restricted type locality, Sweden; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 4, p. 281, 1907 (monog., full bibliog.); Chapman, Nat. Hist., 25, p. 480, 1925 (distribution in the United States); Cooke, U. S. Dept. Agric., Circular 336, 1925. Range. — Europe. Introduced in 1890 in New York City, now distributed as far north as New Brunswick, southwestern Quebec, and southeastern Ontario, west to Iowa, Kansas, Arkansas, and Oklahoma, south to Texas and Florida.1 19: Connecticut (Fairfield, 1; Bridgeport, 1; Derby, 1); New York (Shelter Island, 15); Pennsylvania (Gynnedd, 1). Genus ACRIDOTHERES Vieillot2 Acridotheres Vieillot, Anal. Nouv. Orn. Ele"m., p. 42, 1816 — type, by subs, desig. (Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., p. 67, 1855), Paradisea tristis Linnaeus. Acridotheres cristatellus cristatellus (Linnaeus). CRESTED MYNAL. Gracula cristatella Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 109, 1758 — based on "The Chinese Starling" Edwards, Nat. Hist. Bds., 1, p. 19, pi. 19; China. Acridotheres cristatellus Monro, Canad. Field-Naturalist, 36, pp. 32, 54, 1922 — Vancouver, British Columbia. Range. — Southern China. Introduced and naturalized in Van- couver, British Columbia, has spread thence up the Fraser River Valley and to other points. Family COEREBIDAE. Honey Creepers Genus DIGLOSSA Wagler3 Diglossa Wagler, Isis, 1832, p. 280 — type, by monotypy, Diglossa baritula Wagler. Serrirostrum Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 24, 1838 — type, by subs, desig. (Sclater, Ibis, 1875, p. 206), Serrirostrum carbonarium Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny. 1 For recent extensions in the westward migration of the Starling consult "The Auk" (43, 1926, and succeeding vols.). 2 The recognition of the genus Aethiopsar Gates does not seem to be warranted. tCampylops Lichtenstein, "Abhandl. Berl. Acad. 1837, cum tab.," is quoted as a synonym by Cabanis (Mus. Hein., 1 , p. 97, 1851). The paper referred to does not appear to have been published. In Lichtenstein's Nomencl. Av. Mus. Berol., 1854, p. 56, Campylops is an unidentifiable nomen nudum. .935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 219 Agrilorhinus Bonaparte, Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat. Bologna, 1, No. 3, p. 408, 1838 — type, by monotypy, Agrilorhinus sittaeeus Bonaparte=Di0iossa baritula Wagler. Uncirostrum Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 2, p. 100, 1839 — new name for Serri- rostrum Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny. Ancylorhinus Sclater, Ibis, (3), 5, p. 204, 1875 — emendation of Agrilorhinus Bonaparte. Diglossopis Sclater, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2), 17, p. 467, 1856 — type, by orig. desig., Diglossopis caerulescens Sclater. Tephrodiglossa Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 16, p. 273, 1864 — type, by monotypy, Serrirostrum carbonarium Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny. Pyrrhodiglossa Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 16, p. 274, 1864 — type, by subs, desig. (Sclater, Ibis, 1875, p. 206), Diglossa mystacalis Lafresnaye. Cyanodiglossa Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 16, p. 274, 1864 — type, by subs, desig. (Sclater, Ibis, 1875, p. 206), Agrilorhinus personatus Fraser= Uncirostrum cyaneum Lafresnaye. Melanodiglossa Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 16, p. 274, 1864 — type, by subs, desig. (Sclater, Ibis, 1875, p. 206), Uncirostrum La Fresnayii Boissonneau. 'Diglossa baritula baritula Wagler. MEXICAN DIGLOSSA. Diglossa baritula Wagler, Isis, 1832, p. 281 — Mexico (descr. male and female; types in Wiirzburg Museum, now in Munich Museum, examined); Hahn, Orn. Atlas, livr. 12, p. 2, pi., Nos. 1, 2, 1837— Mexico (types figured) ; Hartlaub, Rev. Zool., 5, p. 56, 1842 — Mexico (crit., synon.); Gray and Mitchell, Gen. Bds., 1, p. 137, pi. XLII, 1846— Mexico; Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 97, 1851 — Mexico (synon.); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 24, p. 286, 1856— near Cordoba, Mexico; idem, I.e., 27, p. 364, 1859— vicinity of Jalapa, Vera Cruz; idem, I.e., 27, p. 376, 1859 — Juquila and Totontepec, Oaxaca; idem, I.e., 1864, p. 173 — vicinity of Mexico City; Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 48, 1862 — part, Jalapa, Mexico; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 273— Mexico (crit.); Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, p. 548, 1869 — alpine region of Vera Cruz; Duges, La Naturaleza, 1, p. 140, 1869 — Guanajuato, Mexico; Sclater, Ibis, 1875, p. 207 — part, southern Mexico; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 242, 1883 — part, Mexico (valley of Mexico, above Vera Cruz, Jalapa, Juquila, Totontepec); Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 3, 1886 — part, spec, a-i, near Mexico City and Jalapa, Mexico; Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 140, 1886— San Salvador El Verde (Huejotringo), Puebla; Lantz, Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., 16, p. 223, 1899— Coatepec, Vera Cruz; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 380, 1902— part, southern Mexico. Agrilorhinus sittaeeus Bonaparte, Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat. Bologna, 1, No. 3, p. 408, 1838 — Mexico (type in Florence Museum). Uncirostrum brelayi Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 2, p. 100, 1839 — Mexico (type in coll. of M. Brelay, Bordeaux ;= male). Uncirostrum sittaceum Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 2, p. 292, 1839 — Mexico (crit.). 220 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Agrilorhinus olivaceus Fraser, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 8, p. 22, July, 1840 — Mexico (type in coll. of Zool. Soc., now in British Museum ;=female). Range. — Highlands of southern Mexico, in states of Guanajuato, Michoacan, Colima, Mexico, Morelos, Puebla, Vera Cruz, Oaxaca, and Guerrero.1 2: Mexico (unspecified, 2). *Diglossa baritula montana Dearborn.2 GUATEMALAN DIGLOSSA. Diglossa montana Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 125, 1907 — Sierra Santa Elena, near Tecpam, Guatemala (type in Field Museum). Diglossa baritula (not of Wagler) Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 14 — Guate- mala; Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 48, 1862 — part, spec, a, Guate- mala; idem, Ibis, 1875, p. 207 — part, Vera Paz and Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala; Salvin, Cat. Strickl. Coll., p. 174, 1882— Guatemala; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 242, 1883 — part, Guatemala (Quezaltenango, Calderas, Volcan de Fuego, Santa Barbara); Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 3, 1886 — part, spec, j-o, Quezaltenango, Calderas, Coban, and Santa Cruz Mountains, Guatemala; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 380, 1902— part, Guatemala. Diglossa baritula montana Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 371, 1932 — Santa Ilinia, San Lucas, and Tecpam, Guatemala (crit.). Range. — Highlands of Guatemala and extreme southeastern Mexico, in State of Chiapas (Volcan de Tacana). 3: Guatemala (Sierra Santa Elena, near Tecpam, 2; Tecpam, 1). Diglossa sittoides parva Griscom.3 HONDURAN DIGLOSSA. 1 Additional material examined (adult males, British Museum). — Colima: Sierra Nevada de Colima, 3. — Guerrero: Chilpancingo (Omilteme), alt. 8,000 ft., 6. — Mexico, valley of Mexico: Tetelco (Xochimilco), 3; Hacienda Eslava (Tlapam), 1; Chimalpa (Tacubaya), 2; Ajusco, 5. — Oaxaca: Totontepec, 1; Villa Alta, 2. 2 Diglossa baritula montana Dearborn: Adult male similar to D. 6. baritula, but under parts decidedly deeper rufous, with the slate gray extending down over the whole throat and foreneck instead of being confined to the upper throat; female evidently not distinguishable. The racial characters of this form are well marked in a series of thirteen adult males from Guatemala. Certain Mexican examples, notably one from Sierra Nevada de Colima and two from the valley of Mexico (Ajusco and Tetelco), closely approach montana in the extent of the slate gray throat, though they are not so deeply rufous below. Two adult males from Volcan de Tacana, Chiapas, are perfectly typical of the Guatemalan race. Material examined. — Mexico, Chiapas: Volcan de Tacana, alt. 11,000 ft. (March, 1897. W. B. Richardson), 2. — Guatemala: Sierra Santa Elena, 2; Quezal- tenango, 1; San Martin, 3; Chuipach6, alt. 10,000 ft., 4; Santa Maria, 3; Calderas, Volcan de Fuego, 1. 3 Diglossa sittoides parva Griscom: Resembling D. s. montana, but smaller, with shorter and slenderer bill; adult male darker and duller cinnamon below; female and immature male with more cinnamon, less olive below. Wing, (female) 51^5 width of culmen at gape, 3-3J^ (Griscom, I.e.). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 221 Diglossa baritula parva Griscom, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 13, p. 61, 1932 — Rancho Quemado, district of Achaga, Honduras (type in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.). Range. — Highlands of Honduras. *Diglossa baritula plumbea Cabanis.1 COSTA RICAN DIGLOSSA. Diglossa plumbea Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 411, 1860 — Costa Rica (type in Berlin Museum; descr. male); Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 275 — Costa Rica (crit.); Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, p. 97, 1868 — San Juan and Quebrada Honda, Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 297, 1869 — Irazu, San Juan, and Las Cruzes de la Candelaria, Costa Rica; Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 185 — Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama; Sclater, Ibis, 1875, p. 217 — Costa Rica and "Veragua" [= Chiriqui] (monog.); Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 54 — Car- tago, Navarro, Naranjo, Irazu, and La Laguna, Costa Rica; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 243, pi. 15a, figs. 1, 2, 1883— Costa Rica and Chiriqui; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1 1, p. 9, 1886 — Costa Rica and Volcan de Chiriqui (monog.) ; Zeled6n, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 108, 1887— Volcan de Irazu, Costa Rica; Cherrie, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, p. 529, 1891— Costa Rica (descr. young); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 381, 1902— Costa Rica and Chiriqui (monog.); Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. CL, 3, p. 63, 1902— Boquete, Chiriqui; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 824, 1910 — Costa Rica (habits); Ferry, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 274, 1910— Coli- blanco and Volcan de Turrialba, Costa Rica (habits); Moller, Zeits. Mikr.-Anat. Forsch., 28, p. 372, 1932 (tongue). Range. — Highlands of Costa Rica and extreme western Panama (Volcan de Chiriqui).2 30: Costa Rica (Volcan Turrialba, 11; Coliblanco, 16; Volcan Irazu, 3). Diglossa baritula veraguensis Griscom.3 VERAGUAN DIGLOSSA. Diglossa plumbea veraguensis Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 280, p. 16, 1927 — Chitra, Veragua, Panama (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York). 1 This form, while differing in the male sex from its more northern allies by the uniform slaty coloration, without any rufous, of the under parts, is obviously but a strongly developed derivative of D. baritula. The Guatemalan race (D. b. montana), by its more extensively gray throat, marks a decided step in the direction of the Costa Rican bird, and the close resemblance of the females affords additional evidence for their genetic relationship. 2 Five skins from Chiriqui (Boquete) agree with a Costa Rican series. Fifty specimens examined. 3 Diglossa baritula veraguensis Griscom: Nearest to D. b. plumbea; adult male differing only in the blackish slate of the pileum being distinctly demarcated from the deep bluish slate of the back; female grayer olive both above and below, with a faint bluish cast above, especially on the wings (Griscom, I.e.). 222 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Range. — Western Panama (Chitra, Pacific slope of the Cordillera of Veragua). Diglossa baritula1 hyperythra Cabanis.2 CABANIS'S DIGLOSSA. Diglossa hyperythra Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 97, 1851 — Caracas (descr. male; type in Heine Collection, Halberstadt, examined). Diglossa sittoides hyperythra Hellmayr, Arch. Naturg., 90, A, Heft 2, p. 165, 1924 — Galipan, Cerro del Avila, Venezuela (crit.). Diglossa similis (not of Lafresnaye) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, pp. 166, 170— Caracas (crit.). Diglossa sittoides similis Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 179, 1898 — San Miguel, Colombia; idem, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 1, p. 80, 1899— San Sebastian and El Mam6n, Colombia; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 174, 1900 — Santa Marta region (ex Bangs); Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 465, 1922 — Santa Cruz and Pueblo Viejo, Colombia (crit.). Diglossa sp. Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1880, p. 119 — San Sebastian, Colombia. Diglossa sittoides (not Serrirostrum sittoides Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny) Sclater, Ibis, 1875, p. 208 — part, Caracas, Venezuela; idem, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 4, 1886 — part, spec, a, g, Caracas and San Sebastian. Range. — Subtropical zone of the coast mountains of Venezuela (vicinity of Caracas) and Colombia (Santa Marta region). *Diglossa baritula d'orbignyi (Boissonneau).3 D'ORBIGNY'S DIGLOSSA. JThe South American representatives of this group, heretofore combined under the specific term sittoides, revert in the male sex to the rufescent under parts of the Mexican and Guatemalan races, though the coloration is of a much paler tone, lacking, besides, all gray on throat, cheeks, and malar region. The females are barely separable from those of D. 6. plumbea. 1 Diglossa baritula hyperythra Cabanis: Adult male similar to D. s. d'orbignyi in having the under parts nearly uniform cinnamomeous without a buffy abdominal area, but sides of the head not so dark, plumbeous rather than blackish slate, and pileum hardly darker than the back. Female seemingly not distinguishable. Wing (adult males), 56-58; tail, 45-47; bill, 10-11. Three adult males from Caracas and three others from the Santa Marta Mountains, while closely resembling D. s. d'orbignyi, appear to differ by lighter, less blackish slate coloration of the top and sides of the head. Until further material demonstrates its invalidity, I prefer to keep this form separate. Material examined. — Venezuela: Caracas, 2; Galipan, Cerro del Avila, 2. — Colombia: El Mam6n, 2; San Sebastian, 1. 3 Diglossa baritula d'orbignyi (Boissonneau) : Differs from D. b. sittoides by smaller size, by somewhat stouter bill, and in the male sex by darker plumbeous back; much darker (blackish slate) pileum, which forms a dark cap; more blackish sides of the head, passing often into velvety black in the loral region; finally by deeper, more uniform cinnamomeous under parts. Wing (adult males), 55-59; tail, 44-47; bill, 10-11. Birds from Me>ida are identical with a series from the east Colombian Andes. According to Chapman, the inhabitants of the central and western Andes belong likewise to the present form. Material examined. — Colombia: La Holanda, 2; Bogota, 16. — Venezuela: Merida, 6; El Valle, 3; Culata, 4. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 223 Uncirostrum d'Orbignyi Boissonneau, Rev. Zoo!., 3, p. 5, 1840 — Santa Fe" de Bogota, Colombia (location of type unknown; descr. of young male).1 Diglossa similis Lafresnaye, Rev. Zoo]., 9, p. 318, 1846 — Bogota (descr. of adult male; type in coll. of F. de Lafresnaye, now in Museum of Compara- tive Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 394, 1930); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 138, 1855— Bogota; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 48, 1862 — Bogota; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 273— Bogota (crit.). Diglossa sittoides (not Serrirostrum sittoides Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny) Sclater, Ibis, 1875, p. 208 — part, Colombia; idem and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 496 — Retiro and Concordia; Salvin, Cat. Strickl. Coll., p. 174, 1882— Bogota; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 4, 1886— part, spec, b-f, n, o, Bogota. Diglossa sittoides similis Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 579, 1917 — San Antonio, Cerro Munchique, Miraflores, Salento, Rio Toche", San Agustin, La Candela, La Holanda, and Quetame, Colombia. Diglossa d'orbignii Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 138, 1855 — Bogota. Range. — Subtropical zone of Colombia (except Santa Marta Mountains) and extreme western Venezuela (Cordillera of MeYida). 6: Colombia (Bogota, 1; La Holanda, Cundinamarca, 1); Vene- zuela (Culata, Me"rida, 4). *Diglossa baritula decorata Zimmer.2 PERUVIAN CINNAMON- BELLIED DIGLOSSA. Diglossa sittoides intermedia (not Diglossa intermedia Cabanis, 1851) Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 292, 1913— Cajamarca, Peru (type in Field Museum) ; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 637, 1926 — Pichincha, Tumbaco, Celica and Zamora, Ecuador. Diglossa sittoides decorata Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 416, 1930 — new name for D. sittoides intermedia Cory, preoccupied; Chinchao and Huachipa, Peru. Diglossa sittoides (not Serrirostrum sittoides Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny) Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 511 — Auquimarca and Pumamarca, Dept. Junfn, Peru; idem, I.e., 1882, p. 8 — Achamal, Peru; 1 Although the type is not available for reexamination, I fully concur with Mr. Zimmer (Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 416, 1930) that there is hardly any doubt as to the applicability of the name d'orbignyi. Boissonneau calls the under parts "blanc jaunatre, tirant un peu sur le roussatre a la gorge et aux tectrices infe>ieures de la queue," which fits the young male of "D. s. similis" auct. exceedingly well, and cannot possibly refer to the female of D. a. albilatera with deep clay colored lower surface and silky white axillary tufts. 2 Diglossa baritula decorata Zimmer: Very close to D. 6. sittoides, but rather smaller; tertials tipped with buffy white to cinnamon; forehead and anterior part of crown lighter and brighter than the back instead of being uniform with the latter; female barely distinguishable. This is rather an unsatisfactory race, though its slightly smaller size, together with the buffy- or cinnamon-tipped tertials in the male sex may perhaps serve to distinguish it. These buffy spots are very rarely suggested in Bolivian examples, which, besides, are generally larger. The type is in abraded plumage with abnormally pale, faded under parts, while 224 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII idem, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 417, 1884 — Auquimarca, Pumamarca, and Achamal, Peru; Sclater, Ibis, 1875, p. 208 — part, Ecuador (vicinity of Quito) and Peru (Junin); Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 4, 1886 — part, spec. h-1, "vicinity of Quito," Pallatanga, and "Jima," Ecuador; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 69, 1889— Quito (crit.); Salvin, Nov. Zool., 2, p. 4, 1895 — Cajabamba and Succha (Huamachuco), Peru; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 316 — Papallacta and Pichincha, Ecuador; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, p. 76, 1906 — Idma, Urubamba, Peru; Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 80, 1922— Lloa, Calacali, Pomasqui, Tumbaco, Pichincha, and road to Nanegal, Ecuador; Berlioz, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 34, p. 74, 1928— Tumbaco, Ecuador. Diglossa sittoides sittoides Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 114, 1921 — Idma and San Miguel Bridge, Urubamba, Peru. Diglossa sittoides (tsimilis) Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 480, 1898 — Ibarra, Ecuador. Diglossa sittoides similis (not of Lafresnaye) Mene'gaux, Miss. Serv. Geog. Armee Mes. Arc Me>id. Equat., 9, p. B. 84, 1911 — Tumbaco, Ecuador. Range. — Subtropical zone of Ecuador and Peru. 6: Peru (Cajamarca, 1; Chinchao, Dept. Huanuco, 4; Huachipa, Dept. Huanuco, 1). Diglossa baritula sittoides (Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny). CINNA- MON-BELLIED DIGLOSSA. Serrirostrum sittoides Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 25, 1838 — Yungas and Valle Grande, Bolivia (types in Paris Museum examined); d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Me>id., Ois., p. 374, pi. 58, fig. 3 (male), 1847 — Chupe (Yungas), Chuquisaca, and Valle Grande, Bolivia. Diglossa sittoides Bridges, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 15, p. 29, 1847 — Ticquepaya, valley of Cochabamba, Bolivia; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 273— Bolivia (crit.); Sclater, Ibis, 1875, p. 208— part, Chichalula, Prov. Yungas, and other localities in Bolivia (crit.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 596 — Bolivia (d'Orbigny's localities); Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 4, 1886 — part, spec, m, Yungas, other specimens from the same general district (Cajabamba, Succha) are just as deeply colored underneath as typical sittoides. Birds from southern Peru (Idma, Matchu Picchu) approach the latter in coloration of forecrown, whereas those from Ecuador average slightly smaller. WING MEASUREMENTS OF ADULT MALES D. b. sittoides Seven from Bolivia 61, 61, 62, 62, 63, 64, 64 D. b. decorata Three from Urubamba, Peru 60, 61, 61 One from Chinchao, Huanuco, Peru 60 Four from Cajamarca and Cajabamba, Peru 59, 59, 59, 60 Four from western Ecuador 57, 57, 58, 58 Material examined. — Peru: Idma, Urubamba, 2; Matchu Picchu, San Miguel Bridge, Urubamba, 4; Chinchao, 4; Huachipa, 1; Cajamarca, 1; Cajabamba, 2; Succha, Huamachuco, 1; Santiago, 1. — Ecuador: Quito region, 6; Ibarra, 2. .935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 225 Bolivia; Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, p. 41, 1905 — Cerro de Tafi Viejo, San Pablo, and La Cienaga, Tucuman; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, (3), 11, p. 370, 1910— same localities. Diglossa sittoides sittoides Dinelli, El Hornero, 1, p. 62, 1918 — Tucuman and Jujuy (habits). Diglossa glauea (not of Sclater and Salvin, 1876) Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 11, 1886 — Bolivia (part, descr. of female). Range. — Subtropical zone of Bolivia and northwestern Argentina provinces of Jujuy and Tucuman).1 'Diglossa lafresnayii lafresnayii (Boissonneau).2 LAFRESNAYE'S DIGLOSSA. Uncirostrum La Fresnayii Boissonneau, Rev. Zool., 3, No. 1, p. 4, Jan., 1840 — Santa F6 de Bogota, Colombia (part, descr. of adult male; location of type unknown).1 Agrilorhinus bonapartei Fraser, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 8, p. 22, July, 1840 — Santa F6 de Bogota, Colombia (type in Derby Collection, now in Liver- pool Museum, examined); Bonaparte, Atti Sest. Riun. Sci. Ital. Milano, p. 404, 1845— Bogota. Diglossa LaFrenayii (sic) Lesson, Echo du Monde Sav., 11, No. 50, p. 1190, 1844— Colombia. Diglossa lafresnayii(ei) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 138, 1855 — Bogota; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 49, 1862— Bogota; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 274— Bogota and Pasto (crit.); Sclater, Ibis, 1875, p. 214 — Colombia and Ecuador (monog.); Salvin, Cat. Strickl. Coll., p. 174, 1882 — Bogota; Taczanowski and Berlepsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, p. 75— San Rafael, Ecuador; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 7, 1886 — Bogota, San Lucas, and vicinity of Quito, Ecuador; Sal- vadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 12, 1899— 1 Material examined. — Bolivia: Yungas, 1; Chaco, Yungas of La Paz, 2; ^.polobamba, 2; San Antonio, Yungas of La Paz, 1; Valle Grande, 1; Cocha- samba, 1; Cerro Hosane, Dept. Santa Cruz, 1. — Argentina: Jujuy, 1. 2 Characteristic of this species are the heavy, large bill, the light blue (burn blue) humeral patch, the absence of gray on the rump, and the peculiar metallic jloss of the pileum, which, by being confined to the apical portion of the feathers, produces a squamate effect. Specimens from Ecuador and the central Andes of Colombia are perfectly identical with series from the Bogota region and the adjoining section of Vene- zuela. The type of A. bonapartei Fraser belongs here, too. Material examined. — Venezuela: Paramo de Rosas, Trujillp, 6; Cordillera of Merida, Culata, 3; Valle, 1; Escorial, 1; Paramo de Tama, Tachira, 2. — Colombia: eastern Andes, Bogota, 5; Las Ventanas, Santander, 1; Ramirez, Santander, 2; central Andes, Almaguer, Cauca, 1; La Leonera, Caldas, 3. — Ecuador: west side of Pichincha, 1; above Nanegal, 5; near Quito, 2; unspecified, 1. 3 Boissonneau's description, "plumage entierement d'un noir profond, avec les petites tectrices alaires d'un gris cendr6 un peu bleuatre," evidently refers to the large, blue-shouldered bird for which we have retained the specific term. The individuals of smaller size with grayish rump, considered by him to be "jeunes males," pertain to D. carbonaria humeralis, as is shown by two specimens in the Vienna Museum received from Boissonneau in 1841. 226 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Nanegal and Frutillas, Ecuador; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 317 — Nanegal, around Quito, and western Andes, up to 10,000 ft., Ecuador; M6n£gaux, Miss. Serv. Geog. Arm. Mes. Arc Mend. Equat., 9, p. B. 85, 1911 — Pongo and Lloa, Ecuador; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 581, 1917 — Almaguer, Laguneta, and Santa Isabel, central Andes, and Chipaque and Choachf, eastern Andes, Colombia; Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 81, 1922— Lloa, Pichincha, Nono, Tumbaco, Rio Machan- gara, and Cumbaya, Ecuador; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 638, 1926 — Verdecocha, Pichincha, Oyacachi, upper Sumaco, Ecuador, and Chaupe, northwestern Peru; Berlioz, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 34, p. 74, 1928— Pilon, Ecuador. Diglossa lafresnayii lafresnayii Zimmer, Auk, 46, p. 33, 1929 (range). Range. — Temperate zone of extreme western Venezuela (Paramo de Rosas, State of Trujillo; Cordillera of Me"rida) ; eastern and central Andes of Colombia; Ecuador; and extreme northwestern Peru (Chaupe, Dept. Piura). 6: Venezuela (Culata, Me*rida, 1; Paramo de Tama, Tachira, 2); Colombia (Bogota, 3). *Diglossa lafresnayii gloriosissima Chapman.1 WEST ANDEAN DIGLOSSA. Diglossa gloriosissima Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 31, p. 165, 1912 — Andes west of Popayan, Cauca, Colombia (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, I.e., 36, p. 580, 1917 — Andes west of Popayan and Paramillo, western Andes, Colombia. Diglossa carbonaria (!) gloriosissima Stresemann, Orn. Monatsber., 34, p. 83, 1926 (crit.). Diglossa lafresnayii gloriosissima Zimmer, Auk, 46, p. 33, 1929 (range). Range. — Temperate zone of the western Andes of Colombia, from the Coast Range west of Popayan north to Paramillo, Antioquia. 1: Colombia (Coast Range west of Popaydn, 1). 1 Diglossa lafresnayii gloriosissima Chapman: Agrees with the typical form in size, large heavy bill, squamate gloss of pileum, faint metallic gloss of back, and extensive pale blue humeral patch; but differs by having the rump strongly suffused with slate gray and the under parts, excepting the black throat and foreneck, light rufous, between burnt sienna and Sanford's brown. Wing, (adult males) 71-75, (female) 68; tail, 63-66, (female) 64; bill, 13-14. The characters of this form are most strongly developed in birds from Para- millo, near the northern end of the central Andes, while specimens from the Coast Range west of Popayan vary somewhat in the direction of D. I. lafresnayii by the blackish suffusion along the sides of the breast and abdomen. The rufous of the under parts, besides, is rather deeper, tending to chestnut. This interesting bird is by no means related to D. carbonaria gloriosa, to which it merely bears a superficial resemblance in the coloration of the under parts, these being, however, of a quite different, much paler and more yellowish red tone. Material examined. — Colombia: Paramillo, Antioquia, 6; Coast Range west of Popayan, 4. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 227 *Diglossa lafresnayii unicincta Hellmayr.1 SINGLE-BANDED DIGLOSSA. Diglossa pectoralis unicincta Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 12, p. 504, 1905 — Levanto, Dept. Amazonas, Peru (type in Tring Museum, now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Zimmer, Auk, 46, p. 30, 1929 (crit.). Diglossa unicincta MenSgaux, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., 2, p. 9, 1911 — Cumpang, northeast of Tayabamba, Dept. Libertad (spec, examined). Diglossa lafresnayii unicincta Zimmer, Auk, 46, p. 33, 1929 (range). Range. — Temperate zone of the central Cordillera of northern Peru, in depts. of Amazonas (Levanto, Chachapoyas, mountains east of Balsas) and Libertad (Cumpang, northeast of Tayabamba). 2: Peru (mountains east of Balsas, alt. 10,000 ft., 2). *Diglossa lafresnayii pectoralis Cabanis.2 WHITE-BANDED DIGLOSSA. Diglossa pectoralis Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 318, 1873 — Maraynioc, Dept. Junln, Peru (type in Berlin Museum); Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 511— Maraynioc; Sclater, Ibis, 1875, p. 212, pi. 4— Maraynioc (crit.); Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 419, 1884 — Maraynioc; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 6, 1886— Peru; Berlepsch and Stolz- mann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 334 — Maraynioc. Diglossa lafresnayii pectoralis Zimmer, Auk, 46, p. 33, 1929 (range); idem, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 419, 1930— above Huanuco, Peru. Range. — Temperate zone of central Peru, in depts. of Huanuco and Junin. 3: Peru (Hudnuco Mountains, Dept. Huanuco, 3). Diglossa lafresnayii albilinea Chapman.3 BUFF-MOUSTACHED DIGLOSSA. 1 Diglossa lafresnayii unicincta Hellmayr: Nearest to D. I. pectoralis, but distinguished by the absence of the gray humeral patch, rather deeper tawny anal region and under tail coverts, and especially by having the pectoral band uniform tawny, though slightly paler posteriorly. Wing, (adult males) 71-74, (female) 70; tail, 63-65, (female) 61; bill, 12-13. Material examined. — Dept. Amazonas: Levanto, 3; Chachapoyas, 1; moun- tains east of Balsas, 2. — Dept. Libertad: Cumpang, 1. * Diglossa lafresnayii pectoralis Cabanis differs from D. L albilinea by smaller, darker gray humeral patch and more purely white malar stripe, and by having a broad, double (tawny and milky white) pectoral band. By the reduction of the gray humeral area it forms the transition to D. I. unicincta. Material examined. — Dept. Huanuco: Huanuco Mountains, 3. — Dept. Junfn: Maraynioc, 3. 3 Diglossa lafresnayii albilinea Chapman: Differs from D. 1. mystacalis merely by paler mystacal stripe, which, instead of being uniform deep ochraceous buff, 228 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Diglossa mystacalis albilinea Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 41, p. 331, 1919 — Matchu Picchu, ruins of Cedrobamba, Peru (type in U. S. National Museum); idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 114, 1921— Cedrobamba. Diglossa lafresnayii albilinea Zimmer, Auk, 46, p. 33, 1929 (range). Range. — Temperate zone of southeastern Peru, in depts. of Cuzco (Matchu Picchu) and Puno (Quispicanchio, Marcapata; Limbani, Carabaya). Diglossa lafresnayii mystacalis Lafresnaye. MOUSTACHED DIGLOSSA. Diglossa mystacalis Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 9, p. 318, 1846 — Bolivia1 (type in coll. of F. de Lafresnaye, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cam- bridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 394, 1930); Bridges, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 15, p. 29, 1847 — Yungas of La Paz, Bolivia; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 274— Bolivia; Sclater, Ibis, 1875, p. 212 — Yungas of La Paz, Bolivia (crit.); idem and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 596 — Cillutincara, Bolivia; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 6, pi. 1, 1886 — Bolivia. Diglossa lafresnayii mystacalis Zimmer, Auk, 46, p. 33, 1929 (range). Range. — Temperate zone of western Bolivia (Dept. La Paz).2 *Diglossa carbonaria gloriosa Sclater and Salvin.3 M^RIDA DIGLOSSA. Diglossa gloriosa Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 784, pi. 46, fig. 1 — Paramo de Culata, Merida, Venezuela (type in British is between light buff and warm buff, rarely darkening posteriorly into light ochra- ceous buff. Wing, (adult males) 73-74, (females) 70-71; tail, 60-63; bill, 14-15. As far as the coloration of the mystacal stripe is concerned, this form con- nects mystacalis with the white-moustached D. I. pectoralis. The pale neutral gray humeral patch is just as extensive as in the Bolivian form. In one of the specimens the pectoral band, so characteristic of D. I. pectoralis, is suggested on the left side by a number of tawny edges to the lateral breast feathers. Material examined. — Dept. Cuzco: Matchu Picchu, Cedrobamba, 4. — Dept. Puno: Quispicanchio, Marcapata (alt. 10,850 ft.), 3; Limbani, Carabaya (alt. 9,500 ft.), 1. 1 The type was probably obtained by T. Bridges in the Yungas of La Paz (cf. Bridges, I.e., p. 29). 2 Material examined. — Bolivia: Cillutincara, Dept. La Paz, 1; unspecified, 6 (including the type). 3 Diglossa carbonaria gloriosa Sclater and Salvin: Agrees with D. c. humeralis in proportions, small slender bill, the faint silky gloss of the upper parts, and the pale gray humeral patch; but differs by slightly shorter wings, the possession of a distinct, though sometimes obsolete, pale gull gray superciliary streak, and chestnut breast, abdomen, and under tail coverts. Wing, (adult males) 63-67; tail, 55-60; bill, 10-11. The grayish superciliary streak and the occasional presence of rufous in the malar region disclose the intimate relationship to D. c. brunneiventris. Material examined. — Venezuela: T§ta de Niquitao, Trujillo, 11; Cordillera of Merida (Culata, Hechisera, Paramo de Santo Domingo, etc.), 15. .935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 229 Museum); Sclater, Ibis, 1875, p. 210 — Andes of Merida (crit.); idem, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 5, 1886— Andes of Merida. Diglossa carbonaria gloriosa Stresemann, Orn. Monatsber., 34, p. 83, 1926 (crit.); Zimmer, Auk, 46, p. 29, 1929 (range). Range. — Temperate zone of western Venezuela, in states of rrujillo (T§ta de Niquitao) and Me"rida (Cordillera of Merida). 4: Venezuela, Me"rida (Culata, 2; Hechisera, 2). 'Diglossa carbonaria nocticolor Bangs.1 SANTA MARTA DIGLOSSA. Biglossa nocticolor Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 180, 1898 — Macotama, Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia (type in coll. of E. A.andO. Bangs, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 394, 1930); Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 174, 1900 — El Libano; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 464, 1922 — San Lorenzo, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, San Miguel, Cerro de Caracas, Macotama, Paramo de Mamarongo, Paramo de Chiruqua, and Heights of Chirua (crit., habits). Diglossa carbonaria nocticolor Zimmer, Auk, 46, p. 29, 1929 (range). Diglossa aterrima (not of Lafresnaye) Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1880, p. 119 — Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (spec, examined) ; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 8, 1886 — part, spec, a-d, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 174, 1900 (ex Salvin and Godman). Range. — Temperate zone of the Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia. 2: Colombia (San Lorenzo, Santa Marta, 2). "Diglossa carbonaria humeralis (Fraser).2 GRAY-SHOULDERED DIGLOSSA. 1 Diglossa carbonaria nocticolor Bangs: Closely allied to D. f. humeralis, but slightly larger and without the gull gray humeral patch. Wing, (males) 73-76, (female) 67-69; tail, 65-68, (female) 58-62; bill, 11. By the black smaller upper wing coverts, which show very rarely faint sugges- tions of grayish edges, the Santa Marta Diglossa approaches D. c. aterrima, but differs readily by the extensive slate gray uropygial area. The specimens obtained by Simons in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta prove, on reexamination, to be referable to the present form. Material examined. — Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia: San Lorenzo, 8; Macotama, 2; Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, 4. 2 Diglossa carbonaria humeralis (Fraser), in spite of its superficial resemblance, is quite distinct specifically from D. I. lafresnayii, both being found in the Tem- perate zone of the eastern Andes of Colombia. It differs from the latter bird by smaller size, much slenderer weaker bill, fainter (more silky) gloss of the pileum, extensively slate gray uropygial area, and pale gray (instead of decidedly blue) humeral patch. The difference in the bulk of the bill is particularly noticeable, when viewed from below. The gloss of the body plumage is more evenly distributed over the feathers, and does not produce any squamate effect on the pileum, while the back has a silky rather than metallic sheen. The humeral patch, which is less extended, varies in tone between deep gull gray and gull gray, passing into light gull gray towards the bend of the wing. The rump is largely dark gull gray 230 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Agrilorhinus humeralis Fraser, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 8, p. 22, July, 1840 — Santa Fe" de Bogota, Colombia (type in Derby Collection, now in Liver- pool Museum, examined); Bonaparte, Atti Sest. Riun. Sci. Ital. Milano, p. 404, 1845— Bogot4 (crit.). Diglossa intermedia Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 97 (note), 1851 — no locality indicated (type from "New Granada" in Berlin Museum examined). Uncirostrum La Fresnayii Boissonneau, Rev. Zool., 3, p. 4, 1840 — Santa F6 de Bogota, Colombia (part, descr. of "jeune male").1 Diglossa humeralis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 138, 1855 — Bogota; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 49, 1862— "Ecuador" and "Bogota"; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 275— "Venezuela" (crit.); Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 324 — high regions [of Santander, near Ocana]; Sclater, Ibis, 1875, p. 215 — Colombia (Ocana, Bogota) and "Ecuador" (crit.); Salvin, Cat. Strickl. Coll., p. 175, 1882— Bogota; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 8, 1886 — Colombia (Bogota, Pamplona) and "Ecuador"; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 581, 1917— Chip- aque, Subia, La Mar, Palo Hueco, and La Pradera, eastern Andes, Colombia. Diglossa aterrima (not of Lafresnaye) Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 581, 1917 — part, Chipaque, eastern Andes, Colombia (spec, examined). Diglossa carbonaria humeralis Stresemann, Orn. Monatsber., 34, p. 83, 1926 (crit.); Zimmer, Auk, 46, p. 29, 1929 (range). Range. — Temperate zone of the eastern Andes of Colombia and the adjacent section of extreme western Venezuela (Paramo de Tama, Tachira).2 7: Colombia (Bogota, 2; La Pradera, Cundinamarca, 1; Palo Hueco, Cundinamarca, 1); Venezuela (Paramo de Tama, Tachira, 3). *Diglossa carbonaria aterrima Lafresnaye.3 BLACK DIGLOSSA. or slate gray, and the black upper tail coverts are laterally edged with grayish. There is never a trace of a gray superciliary streak. The types of A. humeralis and D. intermedia, which we have carefully compared, are both typical of the present form. A male from Chipaque, eastern Andes, listed by Chapman as D. aterrima proves, on reexaminatipn, to be an immature bird of humeralis; witness the pale gray lesser upper wing coverts. Wing, (adult male) 68-71, (female) 64-67; tail, 58-64, (female) 56-59; bill, 10-11. Material examined. — Venezuela: Paramo de Tama, Tachira, 3. — Colombia, eastern Andes: La Pica, Santander, 2; Ramirez, Santander, 10; Las Ventanas, Santander, 3; Lagunillas, Boyaca, 1; "Bogota," 8; Chipaque, 1; La Pradera, Cundinamarca, 1; Palo Hueco, 1. 1 Two specimens in the Vienna Museum received in 1841 from Boissonneau show his "young males" to belong to D. c. humeralis, thus confirming Cabanis's suspicions. 2 Sclater's record from "Ecuador" is untrustworthy. It was based on a dealer's skin, obtained from Dillwyn, without original label or definite locality. 8 Diglossa carbonaria aterrima Lafresnaye: Nearest to D. c. nocticolor and like it without gray humeral patch, but smaller and lacking the slate gray uropygial area. Wing, (male) 67-70; tail, 55-61; bill, 10-11. Immature birds from the central Andes of Colombia appear to be inseparable from Ecuadorian specimens in corresponding plumage, though they have a few 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 231 Diglossa aterrima Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 9, p. 319, 1846 — "in Nova Granada, Pasto" (type in coll. of F. de Lafresnaye, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 394, 1930); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 138, 1855— Pasto (ex Lafresnaye); idem, I.e., 27, p. 440, 1859— "Rio Napo"; idem, I.e., 28, p. 76, 1859— Panza, Ecuador; idem, I.e., 28, p. 85, 1859— Calacali, Ecuador; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 49, 1862 — Titiacun; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 275— "New Grenada" (crit.); Sclater, Ibis, 1875, p. 216 — Andes of Ecuador (crit.); Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 224— Tambillo, Peru; idem, I.e., 1880, p. 193— Cutervo, Peru; idem, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 419, 1884— Tambillo and Cutervo; Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 287— Cechce, Ecuador; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 8, 1886— part, spec, f-1, Ecuador and Peru; Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 480, 1898 — Mount Cayambe, Ecuador; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 11, 1899— El Troje (Huaca), Lloa (Pichincha), and Papa- llacta, Ecuador; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 317 — neighborhood of Quito (nest and eggs descr.); Me"negaux, Miss. Serv. Ge"og. Arm. Mes. Arc Me"rid. Equat., 9, p. B. 85, 1911 — Guapulo and Lloa, Ecuador; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 581, 1917 — part, Almaguer, Laguneta, and Santa Isabel, central Andes, Colombia; Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 81, 1922— Lloa, Calacali, Tumbaco, Rio Machangara, and Quito, Ecuador; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 638, 1926 — Yanacocha, Guapulo, Lloa, Pichincha, Chimborazo, Urbina, El Chiral, Bestion, El Paso, San Bartolo, Salvias, Taraguacocha, Loja, and Oyacachi, Ecuador, and El Tambo, Peru; Berlioz, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 34, p. 74, 1928 — Tumbaco, Cerro Mojanda, and Huila, Ecuador. Diglossa carbonaria aterrima Zimmer, Auk, 46, p. 29, 1929 (range). Range. — Temperate zone of the central Andes of Colombia (north to Quindiu), of the Andes of Ecuador, and northwestern Peru (Cutervo, Tambillo, El Tambo). 1: Ecuador (unspecified, 1). *Diglossa carbonaria brunneiventris Lafresnaye.1 BLACK- THROATED DIGLOSSA. obsolete grayish fringes to some of the outer lesser wing coverts. Birds from El Tambo, Peru, are identical with the Ecuadorian ones. Material examined. — Colombia, central Andes: Laguneta, 2; Santa Isabel, 1; Almaguer, 2. — Ecuador: Chillo, 1; Pichincha, 2; Yanacocha, 1; Urbina, Chim- borazo, 1; El Paso, Prov. del Azuay, 1; Taraguacocha, Prov. del Oro, 2; El Chiral, 1; Loja, 1.— Peru: El Tambo, Dept. Piura, 5. 1 Diglossa carbonaria brunneiventris Lafresnaye is the most strongly marked member of the group by reason of its rufous malar stripe and under parts, only the throat being black and the sides of the body pale gray. Distribution and relationship have been fully discussed by Mr. Zimmer (Auk, 46, pp. 24-28, 1929). It is generally diffused over Peru and extends into extreme northwestern Bolivia, where it intergrades with D. c. carbonaria; whereas intergradation with D. c. aterrima, whose distributional area it closely approaches or possibly even overlaps in certain parts of northwestern Peru, does not seem 232 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Diglossa brunneiventris Lafreenaye, Rev. Zool., 9, p. 318, 1846 — "in Peruvia" (type in Paris Museum examined); Des Murs, Icon. Orn., livr. 8, pi. 43, 1847— "Chile" (figure of type); Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 274— Bolivia (crit.); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 322 (occurrence in Chile denied); Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1867, p. 984; I.e., 1868, p. 596 — Chihuata, Arequipa; Sclater, I.e., 1873, p. 780— Paucar- tambo, Peru; Taczanowski, I.e., 1874, p. 511 — Maraynioc, Peru; Sclater, Ibis, 1875, p. 211 — Peru (crit.); Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 225 — Chota, northwestern Peru (spec, examined); Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1879, p. 496— Santa Elena, Colombia; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 596— "Tilotilo" and Khapaguaia, Bolivia (spec, examined); Taczanowski, I.e., 1882, p. 8— Tamiapampa, Peru; idem, Orn. Per., 1, p. 420, 1884— Tarma, Pumamarca, Maraynioc, Paucal, Chota, "Cutervo" (errore), Tamiapampa, Chachapoyas, and Paucartambo, Peru; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 5, 1886 — Bolivia (Khapaguaia, "Simacu"), Peru (Tinta, Paucar- tambo, "Cosnipata," Pumamarca), and Colombia (Santa Elena); Salvin, Nov. Zool., 2, p. 4, 1895 — Cajamarca, Cajabamba, and Huamachuco, Peru; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 334 — Palcomayo, Acobamba, Maraynioc, and Tarma, Peru; M£negaux, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., 2, p. 9, 1911 — Algamarca, Peru; Piguet, Mem. Soc. Neuchfit. Sci. Nat., 5, p. 809, 1914 — Angelopolis, near Medellin, Colombia; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 580, 1917 — Paramillo, western Andes, Colombia; idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 114, 1921— Cuzco, Ttica-Ttica, Ollantaytambo, and Torontoy, Peru; Hellmayr, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 11, 1920— Ollachea, Sierra of Carabaya, Peru. Diglossa carbonaria brunneiventris Zimmer, Auk, 46, p. 29, 1929 (range); idem, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 418, 1930— La Quinua, near Huanuco, Panao, and Cullcui, Rio Maran6n, Dept. Huanuco, Peru; Hellmayr, I.e., 19, p. 49, 1932 (crit. note on reported occurrence in Chile). Range. — Temperate zone of Peru, excepting the extreme north- western section, and the adjacent districts of northwestern Bolivia (Sorata, Khapaguaia) ; an isolated colony at the northern end of the western Andes in Antioquia, Colombia. 17: Peru (mountains east of Balsas, 1; Cullcui, Maranon River, 1; Panao Mountains, 1; Huanuco Mountains, 9; La Quinua, 2; Limbani, Carabaya, 2); Colombia (Paramillo, western Andes, 1). to take place. Specimens from the northern end of the west Colombian Andes, though slightly smaller, I am unable to properly distinguish in spite of their isolated habitat. The locality "Chile," assigned to the type, is probably erroneous. Additional material examined. — Colombia, western Andes: Paramillo, 6; Santa Elena, 2. — Peru: Chota, 1; Banos, near Cajamarca, 2; San Marcos, Libertad, 1; Leimabamba, 2; Torontoy, 1; Ollantaytambo, 1; Ollachea, 5; Caradoc, Mar- capata, 1; Limbani, Carabaya, 4. — Bolivia: "Khapaguaia," 3; Sorata, 1; — "Chile," 1 (the type). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 233 *Diglossa carbonaria carbonaria (Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny).1 BOLIVIAN DIGLOSSA. Serriroslrum carbonarium Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 25, 1838 — Sicasica and Ayupaya, Bolivia (type from Sicasica, Dept. La Paz, in Paris Museum examined); d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. M6rid., Ois., p. 373, pi. 58, fig. 1, 1847— Cajapi (Prov. Yungas), Inquisivi (Prov. Sicasica), and Palca (Prov. Ayupaya), Bolivia. Diglossa carbonaria Bridges, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 15, p. 29, 1847 — Ticque- paya, valley of Cochabamba; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 273— Bolivia (crit.); Sclater, Ibis, 1875, p. 213— Bolivia (crit.); idem and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 596— "Tilotilo," Bolivia; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 6, 1886— Bolivia. Diglossa carbonaria carbonaria Stresemann, Orn. Monatsber., 34, p. 83, 1926 — Bolivia, "Peru and Ecuador" (errore); Zimmer, Auk, 46, pp. 26-29, 1929 — Bolivia (variation, range). Range. — Temperate zone of Bolivia, in depts. of La Paz, Cocha- bamba, and Chuquisaca. 1: Bolivia (Iquico, Dept. La Paz, 1). *Diglossa venezuelensis Chapman.2 VENEZUELAN DIGLOSSA. Diglossa venezuelensis Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 191, p. 11, 1925 — Carapas, Sucr6, Venezuela (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York). 1 Specimens with rufous in the malar region and in the middle of the belly, which Berlepsch (Verh. Internat. Zool. Congr. Berlin, p. 550, 1902) regarded as hybrids between carbonaria and brunneiventris, are clearly intergrades, as set forth by Mr. Zimmer. In addition to fifteen specimens obtained by G. Garlepp at various localities in Dept. La Paz (La Paz; Sandillani; Iquico, a farm on the slope of Illimani; Cocapata; San Cristobal), we have examined two from Sicasica (the types) in the Paris Museum, and five from Cochabamba (Cochabamba and Incachaca) in the Carnegie Museum. 2 Diglossa venezuelensis Chapman: Male similar to D. albilatera in having axillars, under wing coverts, and lateral breast feathers snowy white, but general coloration coal black instead of blackish slate. Female very differently colored; upper part and sides of the head dull olive citrine, brighter (more Roman green) on the forehead; back deep mouse gray, the feathers centered with dusky and edged with dull olivaceous; rump and upper tail coverts washed with brownish olive; smaller upper wing coverts deep neutral gray, the larger ones fuscous with narrow dull brownish olive margins; remiges and rectrices fuscous black, exteriorly edged with grayish or brownish; malar region brighter than the head, nearly dark olive buff; under surface dingy gray, lower throat and upper chest washed with buffy brown or dull Isabella color, flanks and lower tail coverts slightly tinged with brownish; axillars, under wing coverts, and lateral pectoral feathers white as in the male. Wing, 70, (female) 63-65; tail, 58, (female) 54-57; bill, 12. A very distinct form, which may ultimately prove to be conspecific with D. albilatera. The much larger size, the black plumage of the male, and the very peculiar coloration of the female render it, however, easily recognizable. Material examined. — Venezuela, Sucre1: Carapas, 2; Los dos Rios, 1. 234 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Range. — Subtropical zone of northeastern Venezuela, in state of Sucr£ (Mount Turumiquire). 18: Venezuela (Mount Turumiquire, Sucre", 18). Diglossa albilatera federalis Hellmayr.1 CARACAS WHITE-SIDED DIGLOSSA. Diglossa albilatera federalis Hellmayr, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bay., 1, No. 6, p. 45, June, 1922 — Silla de Caracas, Venezuela (type in Munich Museum); idem, Arch. Naturg., 90, A, Heft 2, p. 166, 1924— Silla de Caracas and Galipan, Cerro del Avila, Venezuela. Diglossa albilateralis (not Diglossa albilatera Lafresnaye) Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 9, 1886 — part, spec, a-c, Aragua, Venezuela. Range. — North coast mountains of Venezuela in the vicinity of Caracas (Silla de Caracas; Galipan, Cerro del Avila) and in State of Aragua. *Diglossa albilatera albilatera Lafresnaye. WHITE-SIDED DIGLOSSA. Diglossa albi-latera Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 6, p. 99, 1843 — "Colombie"= Santa F6 de Bogota (type in coll. of F. de Lafresnaye, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 395, 1930); idem, I.e., 9, p. 317, 1846— Colombia. Diglossa albilateralis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 138, 1855 — Bogotd; idem, I.e., 27, p. 138, 1859 — Pallatanga, Ecuador; idem, I.e., 28, p. 65, 1860 — Puellaro and above Puellaro, Ecuador; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 48, 1862 — Pallatanga and Puellaro; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 275 — Bogota (crit., descr. male and female); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 780 — M6rida, Venezuela; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 324 — Herradura and Canuto, eastern Andes, Co- lombia; Sclater, Ibis, 1875, p. 216, pi. 5, figs. 1, 2 (male, female)— Andes of Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador (monog.) ; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 496 — Retire, Medellin, and Santa Elena, Co- lombia (eggs descr.); Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1880, p. 119 — near San Sebastian, Colombia; Salvin, Cat. Strickl. Coll., p. 175, 1882— Bogota; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 285, 1884 — Bucaramanga; Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 287 — Cayandeled, Cechce, and Chaguarpata, Ecuador; idem, I.e., 1885, p. 75 — Banos, Ecuador; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 9, 1886— part, spec, d-s, Bogota, Antioquia, Retire, Santa Elena, San Sebastian, "Jima," Pallatanga, 1 Diglossa albilatera federalis Hellmayr: Very similar to D. a. albilatera, but general coloration of males paler and more bluish, slate color rather than blackish slate, and under tail coverts more or less distinctly edged with white; females above paler, buffy olive rather than light brownish olive, with the throat and chest lighter, Isabella color instead of tawny olive, and the abdomen much paler, buffy rather than brownish. Wing, 60-62, (female) 55-58; tail, 49-52; bill, 10-11. Material examined. — Venezuela: Silla de Caracas, 5; Galipan, Cerro del Avila, 12. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 235 Puellaro, Colombia and Ecuador; Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 179, 1898— San Miguel, Santa Marta; idem, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 1, p. 80, 1899— San Sebastian and El Mam6n; Salvador} and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 12, 1899 — Niebli, Ecuador; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 174, 1900— El Libano and Las Nubes, Colombia; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 316 — Papallacta and Pichincha, Ecuador; M£negaux, Miss. Serv. Geog. Arm6e Mes. Arc MeVid. Equat., 9, p. B. 85, 1911— "Quito," Ecuador; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 581, 1917 — Paramillo Trail, San Antonio, Cerro Munchique, Gallera, Andes west of Popayan, Almaguer, Miraflores, Salento, Laguneta, Santa Elena, Barro Blanco, Rio Toch6, El Eden, Aguadita, El Roble, El Pinon, and Buena Vista, Colombia; Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 81, 1922 — road to Nanegal and Mindo, Ecuador; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 465, 1922 — San Miguel, Cerro de Caracas, San Lorenzo, Taquina, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Heights of Chirua, La Concepci6n, and Paramo de Macotama, Colombia. Diglossa albilatera albilatera Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 639, 1926 — junction of Chanchan and Chiguancay, Huigra, Chunchi, above Baeza, and below Papallacta, Ecuador. Range. — Subtropical zone of extreme western Venezuela (Cordil- lera of Me"rida), Colombia, and Ecuador, excepting the extreme southwestern section.1 6: Colombia (Gallera, 1; El Roble, 1; Bogota, 4). Diglossa albilatera schistacea Chapman.2 PERUVIAN WHITE- SIDED DIGLOSSA. Diglossa albilatera schistacea Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 160, p. 7, 1925 — Chaupe, northeast of Huancabamba, Peru (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 639, 1926 — San Bartolo, Ecuador, and Chaupe, Peru. (t)Diglossa albilateralis (not Diglossa albilatera Lafresnaye?) Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 224— Tambillo; idem, I.e., 1880, p. 193— Cutervo; idem, Orn. Per., 1, p. 418, 1884— Tambillo and Cutervo, Peru. 1 Birds from the Merida region agree perfectly with "Bogota" skins. Adult males from western Ecuador (Pichincha, Chaguarpata, Cayandeled) appear to me inseparable, being more blackish, both above and below, than specimens of D. a. schistacea from Chaupe and Chugur. No material is available from the Santa Marta Mountains. According to Chapman, the race of that region is typical albilatera. Additional material examined. — Colombia: "Bogota," 24. — Venezuela, Cor- dillera of M6rida: La Culata, 1; MeYida, 4; Sierra, 2. — Ecuador: Pichincha, 2; Chaguarpata, 1; Cayandeled, 2. 2 Diglossa albilatera schistacea Chapman: Similar in the male sex to D. a. federalis, but under parts, especially posteriorly, still paler slate color and without white edges to the under tail coverts; female much darker throughout and obvi- ously not distinguishable from that of D. a. albilatera. An adult male from Chaupe (type locality) and another in first annual plumage from Chugur (Pacific slope fifty miles northwest of Cajamarca) are, as pointed out by Chapman, exceedingly similar to D. a. federalis, being decidedly paler, more 236 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Range. — Subtropical zone of northern Peru and extreme south- western Ecuador (San Bartolo). Diglossa duidae Chapman.1 DUIDA DIGLOSSA. Diglossa duidae Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 380, p. 26, 1929 — Mount Duida, Venezuela (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York) ; idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 63, p. 123, 1931— Agiiita, Savanna Hills, Central Camp, Desfiladero, etc., Mount Duida (crit.). Range. — Subtropical zone of Mount Duida, southern Venezuela. *Diglossa major Cabanis. RORAIMA DIGLOSSA. Diglossa major Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, p. 676, "1848" [=1849] — Roraima, British Guiana (type in Berlin Museum); Sclater, Ibis, 1875, p. 214— Roraima (crit.); Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 206— Roraima; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 7, 1886 — Roraima; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 475, pi. 8, fig. 3, 1921 — Roraima; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 63, p. 123, 1931 — Philipp Camp, Rondon Camp, and Summit, Mount Roraima. Range. — Subtropical zone of Mount Roraima, on the confines of British Guiana and Venezuela.2 1: British Guiana (Mount Roraima, 1). slate color, less blackish than a series of typical albilatera, but agree in dimensions. Six males from Chachapoyas are conspicuously larger and much darker, some being even more blackish than D. a. albilatera. A single male from Tambillo, in the same region as Chaupe, is equally large, and, although its worn condition forbids final judgment, it more nearly resembles the Chachapoyas birds in coloration. More material from northern Peru is required to explain this seemingly somewhat erratic variation. MEASUREMENTS Wing Tail One adult male from Chaupe 60 45 One male (first annual) from Chugur 59 46 One adult male from Tambillo 65 53 Five adult males from Chachapoyas 63, 63, 65, 65, 65 54, 54, 56, 56, 56 One male (first annual) from Chachapoyas . 60 52 1 Diglossa duidae Chapman: Upper part of the head black, crown feathers with the edges slightly glossy, passing into slate color on the back and tail coverts; tail and wings blackish, narrowly edged with slate color; median and greater wing coverts usually fringed with slate color; lesser wing coverts somewhat paler (slate gray) than the back, without forming a distinct humeral area; sides of the head and chin sooty black; throat and chest slate color, passing into slate gray on the sides and flanks; the feathers in the middle of the breast and abdomen centered with pale neutral gray, producing an indistinct light spotting; under tail coverts slate gray, margined with whitish; axillaries and under wing coverts light neutral gray; bill black, brownish horn color at base of lower mandible; feet dark brown. Wing, (male) 72-75, (female) 68-72; tail, 57-60, (female) 56- 58; bill, 12-13. This very distinct species is more nearly related to D. major than to any other, but differs immediately by smaller size, blackish (instead of dull rufous) sides of the head, slate gray white-edged (instead of chestnut) lower tail coverts, and the absence of the bluish slate gray shaft streaks on pileum and back. Material examined. — Venezuela: Mount Duida, 6. 2 Material examined. — British Guiana: Roraima, 10. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 237 Diglossa indigotica Sclater.1 INDIGO DIGLOSSA. Diglossa indigotica Sclater, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2), 17, p. 467, 1856 — "in republica Equatoriana" (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum, examined); idem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 85, 1860 — Nanegal, Ecuador (spec, examined); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 49, pi. 6, 1862— Nanegal, Ecuador; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 274— Ecuador (crit.); Sclater, Ibis, 1875, p. 218— Nanegal, Ecuador (crit.); idem, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 10, 1886— foot of Pichincha and Nanegal, Ecuador; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 318 — below Canzacota, Ecuador; Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 81, 1922— road to Nanegal; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 35, p. 267, 1930— western Ecuador and western Andes, Colombia (crit.). Diglossa cryptorhis Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 31, p. 164, 1912 — Gallera, Andes west of Popayan, Colombia (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York, examined); idem, I.e., 36, p. 582, 1917 — Gallera and trail between N6vita and Cartage, western Andes, Colombia. Range. — Subtropical zone of western Ecuador and of the western Andes of Colombia (Gallera and Novita Trail). Diglossa glauca glauca Sclater and Salvin.2 GLAUCOUS DIGLOSSA. 1 Diglossa indigotica Sclater, while related to D. glauca, is quite distinct by reason of the firmer texture of its plumage, more concealed nostrils, relatively shorter tail, absence of the black forehead, and much brighter, more glossy colora- tion, which is cyanine blue or Prussian blue, while the edges to the wing and tail feathers, instead of being uniform in tone with the back as in D. glauca, are dis- tinctly greenish blue (blackish green blue to marine blue). The female is much duller, the general coloration being about the same shade as the wing edges of the males; the margins to the flight quills are narrower and duller greenish blue, and the abdomen is suffused with dusky gray. Wing, (adult males) 58-65, (female) 57; tail, 37-44; bill, 10^-12. Comparison of a series of skins from western and eastern Ecuador in the British Museum showed the type of D. indigotica to be a specimen of the Pacific form, which Chapman had described as D. cryptorhis. Two examples from the western Andes of Colombia seem to be inseparable from those of western Ecuador, although the male from N6vita Trail is a faint shade less purplish above than any other bird in the series. Material examined. — Colombia, western Andes: N6vita Trail, 1; Gallera, 1. — Western Ecuador: Nanegal, 1; foot of Pichincha, 1; Mindo, 5; Rio Blanco, below Mindo, 1; above Gualea, 1; Paramba (alt. 3,500ft.), Prov. Imbabura, 1; unspeci- fied, 1 (the type). * Diglossa glauca glauca Sclater and Salvin: General color bright purplish blue, nearest to dusky blue with, however, a slight dark dull violet blue hue; edges to upper wing coverts and inner remiges very nearly the same as the back, those of the primaries hardly different from dark dull violet blue; loral region and a distinct, though narrow, frontal band black. Wing, (adult male) 64-66, (female) 60-62; tail, 45-51, (female) 44-47; bill, 11. The type is an immature bird with yellow basal half of the lower mandible and retaining, both above and below, a good deal of the sooty juvenile plumage, between which the new purplish blue feathers of the adult livery are just appearing. An adult collected by O. Garlepp at Songo, Yungas of La Paz, thus nearly topo- typical, agrees precisely with a series from Santo Domingo (D. g. incae). Material examined. — Bolivia, Yungas of La Paz: Nairapi, 1 (the type); Songo, 1. — Peru: Santo Domingo, Carabaya, 6; Rio Inambari, Dept. Puno, 1; Marcapata, Dept. Cuzco, 1; Peren6, Dept. Junin, 1. 238 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Diglossa glauca Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1876, p. 253 — Nairapi, Bolivia (type in British Museum examined); idem, I.e., 1879, p. 596— Nairapi; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 11, 1886— part, Nairapi;1 Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, p. 107, 1906 — Huaynapata and Rio Cadena, Marcapata, Peru (crit.). Diglossa indigotica incae Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 160, p. 8, 1925 — Inca Mine, Santo Domingo, Peru (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York). Diglossa indigotica (not of Sclater) Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 115, 1921 — Rio San Miguel, Urubamba, Peru. Diglossa glauca glauca Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 35, pp. 266, 267, 1930 — southern Peru and northwestern Bolivia (crit.). Range. — Tropical and Lower Subtropical zone of southern Peru (north to Junin) and of the adjoining section of Bolivia (Nairapi and Songo, Yungas of La Paz). Diglossa glauca tyrianthina Hellmayr.2 TYRIAN BLUE DIGLOSSA. Diglossa glauca tyrianthina Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 35, p. 266, 1930 — lower Sumaco, eastern Ecuador (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York). Diglossa indigolica (not of Sclater) Taczanowski and Berlepsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, p. 75 — Mapoto, eastern Ecuador. Diglossa indigotica indigotica Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 640, 1926 — Macas region, lower Sumaco, and below Oyacachi, eastern Ecuador. Range. — Tropical and Lower Subtropical zone of eastern Ecuador (Mapoto; lower Sumaco; below Oyacachi; Macas region). Diglossa caerulescens caerulescens (Sclater). BLUISH DIGLOSSA. Diglossopis3 caerulescens Sclater, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2), 17, p. 467, 1856 — "in vie. urbis Caraccas in Venezuela" (cotypes in Bremen and Paris museums); Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 49, 1862 — part, spec, a, Caracas; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 627 — Caracas; Sclater, Ibis, 1875, p. 219 — part, Caracas; idem, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 11, 1886 — part, spec, a-c, Caracas.4 1 The alleged female refers to D. baritula sittoides (Lafr. & d'Orb.), the descrip- tion being faulty with respect to the under parts, which are by no means "ochra- ceous," but dingy yellowish obsoletely streaked anteriorly. 2 Diglossa glauca tyrianthina Hellmayr: Similar to D. g. glauca in texture of plumage and partly exposed nostrils, but wings rather shorter, coloration duller (less violaceous), varying from Tyrian blue to indigo blue, and black frontal band distinctly wider (from three to four millimeters broad). Wing, 61, (female) 57; tail, 41-46; bill, 11. Material examined. — Eastern Ecuador: below Chaco, Rio Oyacachi, 2; lower Sumaco, 3. 3 1 fully concur with Mr. Zimmer's view (Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, pp. 420-421, 1930) that the genus Diglossopis is untenable. Cf. also Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 286, 1884. 4 Specimen "a" is erroneously listed as "the type." 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 239 Diglossopis caerulescens caerulescens Hellmayr, Arch. Naturg., 90, A, Heft 2, p. 168, 1924 — Galipan, Cerro del Avila, and Silla de Caracas, Venezuela (crit.) . Range. — Subtropical zone of the Coast Ranges of Venezuela (Silla de Caracas and Cerro del Avila).1 *Diglossa caerulescens saturata (Todd).2 COLOMBIAN BLUISH DIGLOSSA. Diglossopis caerulescens saturata Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 30, p. 128, 1917 — La Palmita, Santander, Colombia (type in Carnegie Museum); Hartert and Goodson, Nov. Zool., 24, p. 494, 1917 — Me>ida, Venezuela, and Bogota (crit.); Hellmayr, Arch. Naturg., 90, A, Heft 2, p. 169 (in text), 1924 — Colombia (Tatama Mountain and Bogota) and Merida, Venezuela (crit.). Uncirostrum cyaneum Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 3, p. 102, 1840 — Santa F6 de Bogota (part, "foemina aut junior"; cf. Sclater, Ibis, 1875, p. 219, footnote). Diglossa personata (not Agrilorhinus personatus Fraser) Reichenbach, Handb. Spez. Orn., livr. 5, p. 231, pi. 552, fig. 3752, 1853— part, "female." Diglossopis caerulescens (not of Sclater, 1856) Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 49, 1862— part, spec, b, Bogota; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 324— Potreros, Santander; Sclater, Ibis, 1875, p. 219 — part, Colombia (Potreros and Bogota); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 496 — Santa Elena, Antioquia (eggs descr.); Salvin, Cat. Strickl. Coll., p. 175, 1882 — Bogota; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 11, 1886— part, spec, d-g, Bogota and Santa Elena, Colombia. Diglossopis caerulescens caerulescens Hellmayr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911, p. 1093 — Tatama Mountain, western Andes, Colombia; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 582, 1917— N6vita Trail, Cerro Munchique, and west of Popayan, western Andes; Almaguer and El Eden, central Andes; El Pinon, eastern Andes, Colombia. Diglossa caerulescens Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 286, 1884 — Bucaramanga, Colombia. Range. — Subtropical and Temperate zones of Colombia (except Santa Marta region) and extreme western Venezuela (Cordillera of Me"rida).3 8: Venezuela (Culata, 2; Paramo de Tama, 1); Colombia (Bogota, 1; Cachiri, Santander, 2; Paramo de Tama, 2). 1 Material examined. — Venezuela,: "Caracas," 2; Silla de Caracas, 8; Galipan, Cerro del Avila, 19. 2 Diglossa caerulescens saturata (Todd) : Differs from D. c. caerulescens by much darker, purplish blue dorsal surface as well as sides of head and neck, while the lower parts are likewise much darker slate blue with the middle line decidedly darker. The tone of the upper parts is more like D. c. pallida, though still brighter, more purplish. Additional material examined. — Colombia: Tatama Mountain, western Andes, 1; Bucaramanga, 1; "Bogota," 8. — Venezuela: MSrida, 5; El Valle, Me>ida, 1. 3 There is no authentic record of any race of D. caerulescens from Ecuador. 240 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII *Diglossa caerulescens pallida (Berlepsch and Stolzmann).1 PERUVIAN BLUISH DIGLOSSA. Diglossopis caerulescens pallida Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 334 — "in Peruvia alta centrali et septentrional!" (type from Garita del Sol, Dept. Junin, in Warsaw Museum; cf. Sztolcman and Domaniewski, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 6, p. 178, 1927); MenSgaux, Rev. Frang. d'Orn., 2, p. 9, 1911 — Utcubamba, near Taya- bamba, Dept. Libertad, Peru; Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35, p. 458, 1918 — Tabaconas, Dept. Cajamarca, Peru; Hellmayr, Arch. Naturg., 90, A, Heft 2, p. 168, 1924— Peru and northwestern Bolivia (Songo) (crit.). Diglossa caerulescens pallida Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 420, 1930 — Chinchao, Dept. Huanuco, Peru (crit.). Diglossopis caerulescens (not of Sclater) Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 511— Ninabamba, Dept. Junin; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 225— Montana de Palto and Tambillo, Dept. Cajamarca; idem, I.e., 1882, p. 8 — Cha- chapoyas, Tamiapampa, and Achamal, Dept. Amazonas; idem, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 422, 1884— Peruvian localities. Range. — Subtropical and Temperate zones of Peru, from Taba- conas southward, and northwestern Bolivia (Yungas of La Paz). 4: Peru (Chinchao, Dept. Huanuco, 4). *Diglossa cyanea cyanea (Lafresnaye). MASKED DIGLOSSA. Uncirostrum cyaneum Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 3, p. 102, April, 1840 — part, adult, Santa F6 de Bogota, Colombia1 (types in coll. of F. de Lafresnaye, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 395, 1930). Agrilorhinus personatus Fraser, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 8, p. 23, July, 1840 — Santa F6 de Bogota, Colombia (type in Derby Collection, now in Liver- pool Museum); Bonaparte, Atti Sest. Riun. Sci. Ital. Milano, p. 404, 1845— Bogota. Diglossa cyanea Jardine, Contrib. Orn., 1849, p. 44 — east side of Pichincha, Ecuador. Diglossa personata Lesson, Echo du Monde Sav., 11, (2nd sem.), No. 2, p. 29, 1844 (crit.); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 138, 1855— Bogota; idem, I.e., 26, p. 551, 1858 — Pinipi, Matos, and Titiacun, Ecuador; idem, I.e., 27, p. 138, 1859— Pallatanga, Ecuador; idem, I.e., 28, pp. 76, 85, 1 Diglossa caerulescens pallida (Berlepsch and Stolzmann): Nearest to D. c. caerulescens, but upper parts somewhat darker and duller bluish, and lower surface much paler; the throat, chest, and sides being (instead of slate bluish) dingy pale gray faintly shaded with bluish, the middle of the breast and abdomen whitish, the white edges of the under tail coverts much wider, etc. Wing, (male) 69-74, (female) 63-68; tail, 56-62, (female) 51-54; bill, 12-14. Two Bolivian specimens agree with the Peruvian series in coloration, but appear to have slightly slenderer bills. Material examined. — Peru: Tamiapampa, 1; Achamal, 1; Chachapoyas, 2; Levanto, 4; Chinchao, Huanuco, 4. — Bolivia: Songo, Yungas of La Paz, 2. *The description of "foemina aut junior" clearly refers to D. caerulescens saturata Todd (cf. Sclater, Ibis, 1875, p. 219, footnote). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 241 I860— Lloa and Calacali, Ecuador; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 49, 1862 — Matos, Pinipi, and Bogota; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 274— Bogot4 (crit.);1 Sclater, Ibis, 1875, p. 218— part, Colombia and Ecuador; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 496, pi. 42, fig. 1 (egg) — Retiro and Santa Elena, Antioquia, Colombia; Salvin, Cat. Strickl. Coll., p. 175, 1882— Bogota; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 285, 1884 — Bucaramanga, Colombia; Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 287— Chaguarpata, Cayandeled, Tri- bulpata, and Cechce, Ecuador; idem, I.e., 1885, p. 75 — Banos, Ecuador; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 10, 1886 — part, spec, a-n, Bogota, Retiro, Antioquia, Santa Elena, Quito, San Lucas, "Santa Rita," Palla- tanga, Matos, Pinipi (Colombia and Ecuador); Salvador! and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 11, 1899— Huaca, Pun, and Frutillas, Ecuador; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 317 — Nanegal, Intag, and western Andes (to 11,000 ft.), Ecuador; Menegaux, Miss. Serv. G6ogr. Arm6e Mes. Arc Merid. Equat., 9, p. B. 86, 1911 — Lloa and Lanlin, Ecuador; Piguet, Mem. Soc. Neuchat. Sci. Nat., 5, p. 809, 1914— Medellin, Colombia; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 582, 1917 — San Antonio, Cerro Munchique, west of Popayan, Laguneta, Santa Elena, Barro Blanco, Rio Toch6, El Eden, Santa Isabel, Almaguer, Aguadita, El Roble, El Pinon, and Subia, Colombia; Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 81, 1922— Lloa, Nono, Chinguil, and below Calacali, Ecuador; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 639, 1926— above Chambo, Hacienda Garz6n, Chunchi, El Chiral, Zaruma, Taraguacocha, Salvias, Loja, upper Sumaco, and above Baeza, Ecuador (crit.); Berlioz, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 34, p. 74, 1928— Pilon and Cerro Mojanda, Ecuador. Range. — Subtropical and Temperate zones of western Venezuela (Cordillera of Me"rida), Colombia (except Santa Marta region), and Ecuador; (?) northwestern Peru (vicinity of Huancabamba, Dept. Piura).2 14: Venezuela (Rio Mucujon, 1); Ecuador (Hoyaucshi, 2; Nono, 1; Chical, 2); Colombia (El Pinon, 1; Santa Elena, Antioquia, 2; Paramo de Tama, 2; Bogota, 3). *Diglossa cyanea melanopis Tschudi.3 BLACK-FACED DIGLOSSA. 1 The specimen without black on the face mentioned by Cassin probably per- tained to D. caerulescens saturata. 1 Two specimens from Merida agree in every respect with others from Colom- bia. Birds from the Huancabamba region, Peru, according to Chapman, are smaller and paler, and may deserve separation. Additional material examined. — Colombia: Bogota, 9; Bucaramanga, 1. — Ecuador: Guaillabamba, Riobamba, 1; Lloa, 3; Nanegal, 5. — Venezuela: Merida, 2. 3 Diglossa cyanea melanopis Tschudi: Differs from the typical race by larger size, duller and less purplish blue coloration of the plumage, lighter fore-crown, and by having the under tail coverts less strongly, sometimes even not at all, tipped with white. Wing (males), 76-82; tail, 60-65. The characters of this form are most strongly developed in birds from south- eastern Peru and Bolivia. Specimens from the more northern parts of Peru, while 242 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Diglossa melanopis Tschudi, Arch. Naturg., 10, (1), p. 294, 1844 — Pem= Dept. Junin (type in Neuch&tel Museum). Diglossa personata (not Agrilorhinus personatus Fraser) Tschudi, Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 237, 1846 — Peru; Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 511 — Maraynioc, Peru; Sclater, Ibis, 1875, p. 218 — part, Peru (crit.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 596— Tilotilo and Cagua- rani, Bolivia; Taczanowski, I.e., 1880, p. 193 — Cutervo, Peru; idem, I.e., 1882, p. 8 — Tamiapampa, Peru; idem, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 421, 1884 — Maraynioc, Cutervo, Tamiapampa, and Paucal, Peru; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 10, 1886 — part, spec, o-q, "Kawarani" [=Caguarani] and Tilotilo, Bolivia; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 334 — Maraynioc and Garita del Sol, Peru; Menegaux, Rev. Fran?. d'Orn., 2, p. 9, 1911 — Cumpang, Peru. Diglossa personata melanopis Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 115, 1921 — Matchu Picchu, Torontoy, and Occobamba Valley, Dept. Cuzco, Peru (crit.). Diglossa cyanea melanopis Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 419, 1930 — mountains near Panao, Dept. Huanuco, Peru (crit.). Range. — Subtropical and Temperate zones of Peru and western Bolivia (depts. of La Paz and Cochabamba). 9 : Peru (Molinopampa, 2 ; Uchco, 1 ; Panao Mountains, Huanuco, 6) . Genus CHLOROPHANES Reichenbach Chlorophanes Reichenbach, Handb. Spez. Orn., livr. 5, p. 233, 1853 — type, by monotypy, Coereba atricapilla Vieillot=MoJociZJa spiza Linnaeus. *Chlorophanes spiza axillaris Zimmer.1 EAST BRAZILIAN GREEN HONEY CREEPER. Chlorophanes spiza axillaris Zimmer, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 90, 1929 — Bahia, Brazil (type in Field Museum of Natural History). Coereba spiza (not Motacilla spiza Linnaeus) Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), p. 771, 1831— VUla Vicoza, Rio Peruhype, Bahia. variously intermediate to D. c. cyanea, as a whole seem also better referable to the southern race. Additional material examined. — Bolivia: Songo, 3; Tilotilo, 1. — Peru: Sierra of Carabaya, 4; Garita del Sol, 1; Maraynioc, 3. 1 Chlorophanes spiza axillaris Zimmer: Nearest to C. s. spiza but general color of adult male slightly more greenish, especially on the belly; hind neck without the yellowish sheen, usually well-pronounced in the typical form; axillaries, under wing coverts, and tibial feathers decidedly paler, light gray rather than sooty blackish; female with under parts brighter as well as more uniform green. Birds from Santa Catharina are larger (wings of males 74-76 against 66-71), but the series at hand is far too small to ascertain the stability of this divergency, inasmuch as typical C. s. spiza varies considerably in size within the same locality. Material examined. — Bahia, 6; Brago do Sul, Victoria, Espirito Santo, 2; Rio de Janeiro, 1 ; Santa Catharina, Blumenau, 1 ; Joinville, 7. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYB 243 Dacnis spiza Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 152, 1856 — eastern Brazil. Dacnis atricapilla (not Coereba atricapilla Vieillot) Sclater, Contrib. Orn., 1851, p. 108 — part, Brazil (Villa Vigoza on the Rio Peruhype); Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 26, 1868 — part, Minas and Rio de Janeiro (spec, examined). Chlorophanes atricapilla Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 84, 1874 — Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro. Chlorophanes spiza Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 29, 1886 — part, spec. h-k, Pernambuco, Bahia, and Rio Claro, "Goyaz," Brazil; Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, p. 152, 1900 — Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; idem, I.e., 5, p. 265, 1902 — Sao Sebastiao, Sao Paulo; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 344, 1907 — part, Santa Catharina, Sao Paulo (Sao Sebastiao, Ubatuba), Minas Geraes, and Bahia. Range. — Wooded coast region of eastern Brazil, from Pernambuco south to Santa Catharina. 1: Brazil (Bahia, 1). *Chlorophanes spiza spiza (Linnaeus). GREEN HONEY CREEPER. Motacilla spiza Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 188, 1758 — based on "The Green Black-cap Flycatcher" Edwards, Nat. Hist. Bds., 1, p. 25, pi. 25, left fig., Surinam (descr. male; type in coll. of Duke of Richmond).1 Coereba atricapilla Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 14, p. 50, 1817 — "au Br6sil et a Cayenne" (descr. male). Turdus micans Hahn, Vog. aus Asien, Afrika, etc., livr. 3, pi. 1, 1819 — "Indien," errore (descr. male; type in Munich Museum examined). Nectarinia mitrata Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. Berliner Mus., p. 15, 1823 — based on Certhia spiza var. /3 Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, p. 292, 1790 ;2 Surinam, Brazil, and Guiana. Dacnis spiza Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, p. 675, "1848" —British Guiana; LSotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 122, 1866— Trinidad. Dacnis atricapilla Sclater, Contrib. Orn., 1851, p. 108 — part, British Guiana, Cayenne, and Trinidad; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 26, 1868 — part, Rio Xie", Guia, Rio Icanna, Rio Vaup6, and Barra do Rio Negro, Rio Negro (spec, examined); Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 560 — Trinidad (crit.). Chlorophanes atricapilla Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 137, 1855 — part, Cayenne and Trinidad; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 52, 1862 — part, spec, a, b, Trinidad and Cayenne; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 81 — Trinidad; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 166— Pilar [Sucre1], Venezuela. Chlorophanes spiza Bonaparte, Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, 2, p. 31, 1857 — Cayenne; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, pp. 267, 268— part, Cayenne and Trinidad (nomencl.); Berlepsch, Ibis, 1881, p. 242 (nomencl.); 1 The variety /3 of Linnaeus, based on the other figure of Edwards's plate 25, represents the female of Dacnis cayana cayana (Linnaeus). 2 Nearly all the references quoted by Latham pertain to the Guianan form. 244 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 206 — Bartica Grove, MerumS Mountains, and Roraima; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 29, 1886 — part, subsp. typica, spec, a-g, Trinidad, Bartica Grove, Roraima, Cayenne; Robinson and Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 176, 1901— San Julian, Venezuela; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 6, p. 26, 1894 — Princes- town, Trinidad; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 15, 1902 — Suapure and Nicare, Caura, Venezuela; Cherrie, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 1, p. 188, 1906— Aripo, Trinidad; Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 55, p. 292, 1907 — Para; idem, I.e., 56, p. 521, 1908— Arumatheua, Rio Tocantins; Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. Ill, 1908 — Cayenne; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 210, 1913 — Cariaquito, Paria Peninsula, Venezuela; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 465, 1914 — Para (Para, Ananindeua, Peixe-Boi), Rio Tocantins (Arumatheua), and Rio Jamauchim (Santa Helena); idem, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 2, No. 6, p. 60, 1926 — Tury-assu, Maranhao; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 485, 1921— numerous localities. Chlorophanes spiza spiza Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 481, 1898 (char., range); Hellmayr, I.e., 13, p. 10, 1906 — Caparo and Valencia, Trinidad; idem, Abhandl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Phys. Kl., 26, No. 2, p. 8, 1912— Peixe-Boi, Para; idem and Seilern, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 51, 1912 — San Esteban, Cumbre Chiquita, and Las Quiguas, Carabobo, Venezuela; Cherrie, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 164, 1916 — Orinoco Delta (Guanoco) and Caura River, Venezuela; Beebe, Zoologica (N.Y.), 2, p. 99, 1916— Utinga, Para; Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 84, 1918 — Lelydorp and Rijsdijkweg, Surinam; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 176, 1928— Para. (?) Chlorophanes melanops Cassin,1 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 268 — "Rio Negro" (type lost, formerly in Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- delphia; cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 51, p. 35, 1899). Range. — French, Dutch, and British Guiana; Venezuela (north coast from the Paria Peninsula west to Carabobo; Orinoco Delta and Caura Valley); Trinidad; northern Brazil, from the coast of Maranhao (Tury-assu) through the eastern part of Pard State west to the Tapajoz, and north of the Amazon west to the Rio Negro and its tributaries (Rio Icanna, Rio Vaupe").2 1 This form, of which the type has been lost, is said to resemble C. s. spiza, but to differ by the restriction of the black on the crown (which extends but little beyond the eyes), by the scale-like structure of the green feathers on the occiput and back of the neck, and by having the green edges to the remiges and rectrices wider as well as more clearly defined. An adult male from the Rio Iganna (upper Rio Negro region) in the Vienna Museum shows none of these characters, and does not appreciably differ from Guianan specimens. 2 Specimens from Para (Peixe-Boi) are similar to others from the Guianas, and series from various parts of Venezuela do not seem to differ. Cory's record (Bds. W. Ind., p. 69, 1889) from Cuba was doubtless based upon an escaped cage-bird. Material examined. — Brazil: Peixe-Boi, Para, 4; Manaos, 3; Guia, Rio Negro, 1; Rio Iganna, 1. — French Guiana: Saint-Jean-du-Maroni, 1; Cayenne, 2. — British Guiana: Bartica Grove, 2. — Trinidad: Caparo, 10. — Venezuela: Cumana, 4; Paria Peninsula (Yacua, Guiria), 5; Guanoco, Orinoco Delta, 3; Caura Valley, 6; Carabobo (San Esteban, Las Quiguas, Cumbre Chiquita), 22. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 245 8: Venezuela (Guanoco, 1); British Guiana (Caramang River, 2; unspecified, 1); Brazil (Utinga, Para, 1); Trinidad (Valencia, 3). *Chlorophanes spiza caerulescens Cassin. AMAZONIAN BLUE- GREEN HONEY CREEPER. Chlorophanes caerulescens Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 268 — Yuracares, Bolivia (type in the Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- delphia; cf. Stone, I.e., 51, p. 35, 1899); Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 13, 1899— Zamora, Ecuador. Caereba atricapilla (not of Vieillot) Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 24, 1838— Yuracares, Bolivia. Dacnis atricapilla Sclater, Contrib. Orn., 1851, p. 108 — part, Yuracares, Bolivia; idem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 22, p. 110, 1854 — Quijos, Ecuador; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 26, 1868— part, Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira, and Engenho do Cap Gama, Matto Grosso. Chlorophanes atricapilla Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 137, 1855 — part, "Bogota" and Peru; idem, I.e., 25, p. 263, 1857— Ega, Rio SolimSes; idem, I.e., 26, pp. 61, 452, 1858 — Rio Napo and Gualaquiza, Ecuador; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 52, 1862 — part, spec, c-f, Bogota and Peru; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 179 — upper Ucayali; idem, I.e., 1867, p. 749— Xeberos; idem, I.e., 1867, p. 977— Pebas; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 260 — Ucayali, Xeberos, Chamicuros, and Pebas, Peru; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 597 — Yuracares, Nairapi, and Simacu, Bolivia; Tacza- nowski, I.e., 1882, p. 9 — Huambo and Yurimaguas, Peru; idem, Orn. Per., 1, p. 435, 1884 — Peruvian localities (part, excl. Palmal). Chlorophanes spiza (not Motacilla spiza Linnaeus) Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 29, 1888 — part, subsp. caerulescens, spec, a-e, g-1, "Bogota," Rio Napo, Sarayacu, Iquitos, Nairapi, and Simacu. Chlorophanes spiza subsp. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 271, 1910 — Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira. Chlorophanes spiza caerulescens Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, pp. 69, 80, 1889 — "Quito," Ecuador, and Falls of the Madeira, Bolivia; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 295, 1889 — Cumbase, near Tarapoto, Peru; idem and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 337 — La Merced and Borgona, Peru; idem, Ornis, 13, p. 108, 1906 — Rio Cadena, Marcapata, Peru; Menegaux, Rev. Prang. d'Orn., 2, p. 9, 1911 — Nuevo Loreto, Peru; idem, Miss. Serv. Geog.Arme'e Mes.Arc Merid. Equat., 9, p. B. 88, 1911 — Gualaquiza and Rio Napo, Ecuador; Hellmayr, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 15, 1920 — Yahuarmayo and Chaquimayo, Sierra of Carabaya, Peru; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 587, 1917 — part, Florencia and La Morelia, Caqueta, Colombia; idem, I.e., 55, p. 647, 1926 — eastern Ecuador; Berlioz, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 34, p. 74, 1928— San Jose, Ecuador; Laubmann, Wissens. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 300, 1930— Buena Vista, Bolivia. Chlorophanes spiza spiza(?) Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 366, 1930— Rio Roosevelt, Matto Grosso. 246 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Range. — Upper Amazonia, from the eastern base of the eastern Andes in Colombia (Rio Putumayo; Florencia and La Morelia, Caqueta) south through eastern Ecuador and Peru to northern Bolivia and northern Matto Grosso (Salto do Girao, upper Rio Madeira; Engenho do Gama, Rio Guapore"; Rio Roosevelt).1 11: Peru (Moyobamba, 1; Rio Colorado, Chanchamayo, 1; Puerto Bermudez, 2; Huachipa, 1; Vista Alegre, 3); Colombia (Bogota, 3). *Chlorophanes spiza subtropicalis Todd.2 COLOMBIAN BLUE- GREEN HONEY CREEPER. Chlorophanes spiza subtropicalis Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 37, p. 122, 1924 — La Cumbre, western Andes, Colombia (type in Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh). 1 Specimens from Peru, eastern Ecuador, and southeastern Colombia agree with two from Yuracares. Although no adult males are available from the upper Rio Madeira and northern Matto Grosso, there can be little doubt as to the Green Honey Creeper of that region being referable to the race caerulescens. In the male sex, this form differs by its much more bluish coloration, when compared with C. s. spiza. The female sometimes has the throat very nearly as yellow as C. 8. subtropicalis. Material examined. — Colombia: Florencia, 2; "Bogota," 4. — Ecuador: San Jose1, 2. — Peru: Chanchamayo, Dept. Junin, 3; Pozuzo, Dept. Huanuco, 2; Cha- quimayo, Sierra of Carabaya, 2; Yahuarmayo, 3. — Bolivia: Yuracares, 2. — Brazil: Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira, 1; Engenho do Gama, Rio Guapore", Matto Grosso, 1. 2 Chlorophanes spiza subtropicalis Todd: Similar to C. s. caerulescens in the male sex, but the light-colored streak along the lower edge of the maxilla extended very nearly to the tip; female with throat bright yellow and with more or less distinct yellow margins to the feathers of the breast and middle abdomen. Wing, 72-74, (female) 70-72; tail, 46-49; bill, 13-14. This form, originally described from the Subtropical zone of the western Andes, seems to be widely distributed in Colombia. Adult birds from the west slope of the central Andes (Miraflores, east of Palmira) are certainly indistinguish- able from others taken in the western Andes, the females showing the characteristic yellow suffusion underneath. Birds from the Tropical lowlands of the Pacific coast (Noanama, Noyita, Buenaventura) are intermediate to C. s. exsul. They are slightly smaller (wing of adult males, 68-69) and not quite so bluish in the male sex, though one from Noanam& is a close match to specimens from Miraflores. The females are also somewhat variable, one from Buenaventura being but slightly more yellowish below than certain Ecuadorian birds, whereas one from Noanama, by reason of its bright yellow throat and distinct, though narrow, yellow lateral edges to the pectoral feathers, typically represents subtropicalis. Taken as a whole, the inhabitants of the Pacific coast are, however, much nearer to the latter than to exsul. The form found in the Magdalena Valley needs further study with more comprehensive material than I have been able to examine. A female from Honda, with nearly uniform green under parts, looks very much like C. s. coerulescens, while a "Bogota" skin (presumably from the Magdalena slope of the eastern Andes) closely resembles one from Buenaventura. Berlepsch (MS.), in speaking of a series of "Bucaramanga" specimens, notices the large extent of the pale margin to the commissure in the males, as well as the frequent yellow admixture on the under parts of the females, features that would place the birds with subtropicalis rather than caerulescens. Material examined. — Colombia: Noanama, 2; Novita, 4; Buenaventura, 1; Bitaco Valley, Valle, 2; La Cumbre, Valle, 1; Cauca Seca, 1; Rio Lima, 1; Mira- flores, 3; Jerico, 1; Honda, 1; "Bogota," 1. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 247 Chlorophanes atricapilla (not Coereba atricapilla Vieillot) Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 324 — near Canta and San Nicolas, Magdalena slope of eastern Andes, Santander, Colombia; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 497 — Concordia and Remedios, Antioquia. Chlorophanes spiza subsp. (caerulescens Cass.?) Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 286, 1884 — Bucaramanga (crit.). • Chlorophanes spiza (not Motacilla spiza Linnaeus) Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1 1, p. 29, 1886 — part, subsp. coerulescens, spec, f , Medellin, Antioquia. Chlorophanes spiza caerulescens (not of Cassin) Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, p. 186, 1905 — Rio Lima, Colombia; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 587, 1917 — part, Las Lomitas, San Antonio, Miraflores, La Frijolera, Consuelo (above Honda), Aguadita, and La Palma, Colombia. Chlorophanes spiza exsul (not of Berlepsch and Taczanowski) Hellmayr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911, p. 1096 — Noanama and Novita, Pacific coast of Colombia (crit.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 586, 1917 — Cocal (?), Buenaventura, and San Jose, western Colombia (crit.). Range. — Tropical and Subtropical zones of Colombia, from the Pacific coast east to the Magdalena Valley. 3: Colombia (Cauca Seca, western Andes, 1; Miraflores, central Andes, 1; "Bogota," 1). *Chlorophanes spiza exsul Berlepsch and Taczanowski.1 PACIFIC GREEN HONEY CREEPER. Chlorophanes spiza exsul Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 543 — Chimbo, Ecuador (type in Berlepsch Collection, now in Frankfort Museum); Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 481, 1898— Chimbo (crit.); Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, p. 186, 1905— part, Ecuador (Paramba); Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 82, 1922— below Nanegal, Ecuador (crit.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 646, 1926— Esmeraldas, Rio de Oro, Chimbo, Rios Coco and Chimbo, Naranjo, Zaruma, and Las Pinas, Ecuador. Chlorophanes atricapilla (not Coereba atricapilla Vieillot) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 27, p. 138, 1859— Pallatanga, Ecuador; idem, I.e., 28, p. 292, 1860— Esmeraldas; Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 435, 1884— part, Palmal, Peru; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 319 — Santo Domingo and Guanacillo, Ecuador. Chlorophanes spiza (not Motacilla spiza Linnaeus) Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 29, 1886 — part, subsp. guatemalensis, spec, r, Balzar, Ecuador. Range. — Tropical and Lower Subtropical zones of western Ecuador and extreme northwestern Peru (Palmal, Dept. Tumbez). 1 Chlorophanes spiza exsul Berlepsch and Taczanowski: Male much more greenish than either C. s. subtropicalis or C. s. caerulescens and more like C. s. spiza, from which it differs mainly by lacking the bluish tinge along the median under parts; female without any, or with mere suggestions of yellowish fringes to the throat feathers. Wing, 66-69, (female) 64-66; tail, 44-47; bill, 13-14. Material examined. — Western Ecuador: Paramba, Prov. Imbabura, 7; Lita, 7; Chimbo, 10. 248 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 7: Ecuador (Paramba, Prov. Imbabura, 1; Chimbo, Prov. Guayas, 6). "Chlorophanes spiza arguta Bangs and Barbour.1 COSTA RICAN GREEN HONEY CREEPER. Chlorophanes spiza arguta Bangs and Barbour, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 225, 1922 — Divala and Mount Sapo, Panama (type from Divala, western Panama, in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); Kennard and Peters, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 38, p. 462, 1928— Boquete Trail, Almirante Bay, Panama; Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, p. 186, 1929— Cana, eastern Panama (crit.); Peters, I.e., 71, p. 340, 1931— Changuinola, Almirante, and Boquete Trail, Panama; Griscom, I.e., 72, p. 367, 1932— PermS and Obaldia, Darien. Chlorophanes guatemalensis (not of Sclater) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 349— Panama Railroad (crit.); Salvin, I.e., 1867, p. 137 — Cordillera de TolS, Veragua, and David, Chiriqui; idem, I.e., 1870, p. 185 — Veragua (CaloveVora, Boquete de Chitra) and Chiriqui (Bugaba). Chlorophanes guatimalensis Salvadori, Atti Accad. Sci. Torino, 4, p. 172, 1868— Costa Rica. Chlorophanes spiza var. guatemalensis Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 97, 1868 — "Juiz" and Turrialba, Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 297, 1869— Costa Rica; Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 54 — Naranjo, Costa Rica. Chlorophanes atricapilla (not Coereba atricapilla Vieillot) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y.t 7, p. 319, 1862— Panama Railroad. Chlorophanes spiza (not Motacilla spiza Linnaeus) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, p. 175, 1865— David, Chiriqui; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 247, 1883 — part, Costa Rica and Panama; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 29, 1886 — part, subsp. guatemalensis, spec, j-q, Costa Rica (Tucurriqui) and Panama (Cordillera de Tole', CaloveVora, Bugaba, Lion Hill); Underwood, Ibis, 1896, p. 435 — Mira- valles, Costa Rica; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 339, p. 3, 1899— Chiriqui; Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 19, p. Ill, 1906— P6zo Azul and San Jos6, Costa Rica (crit.). Chlorophanes spiza guatemalensis Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 108, 1887 — part, Naranjo, P6zo Azul de Pirris, and Turrialba, Costa Rica ; 1 Chlorophanes spiza arguta Bangs and Barbour: Similar in coloration to C. 8. guatemalensis, but decidedly smaller, with slenderer, though not always shorter bill; not unlike C. s. exsul, but somewhat larger, with longer, more robust bill, and coloration of males deeper greenish. Wing (adult males), 68-72; tail, 46-49; bill, 14M-16. Birds from southwestern Costa Rica (Pozo Azul de Pirris and El General) are identical with Chiriqui examples, while those from Caribbean Costa Rica (Carrillo, La Vijagua) by slightly greater dimensions (wing of adult males, 71-74; bill, 16-16^i) tend in the direction of guatemalensis. Additional material examined. — Panama, Chiriqui: Frances, 3; Bugaba, 1; Chiriqui, 5.— Costa Rica: El General de Terraba, 5; P6zo Azul de Pirris, 3; Ca- rrillo, 6; La Vijagua, 4. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 249 Cherrie, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 4, p. 137, 1893— Boruca, Costa Rica; Bangs, Auk, 18, p. 369, 1901 — Divala, Chiriqui; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 383, 1902— part, Costa Rica and Panama; Ferry, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 275, 1910 — Port Lim6n and Guayabo, Costa Rica; Stone, Prop. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 277, 1918— Gatun, Panama. Chlorophanes spiza exsul (not of Berlepsch and Taczanowski) Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, p. 186, 1905 — part, Panama and Chiriqui (crit.); idem, Auk, 24, p. 306, 1907 — Boruca and Paso Real, Costa Rica; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 823, 1910 — Costa Rica (crit., habits). Range. — Costa Rica and Panama, east to Darien. 10: Costa Rica (Carrillo, 1; Peralta, 1; Guayabo, 2; Turrialba, 1; Puerto Limon, 3; Boruca, 1); Panama (Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, 1). Chlorophanes spiza guatemalensis Sclater.1 GUATEMALAN GREEN HONEY CREEPER. Chlorophanes guatemalensis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, p. 129 — Guatemala =Choctum, Vera Paz (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 52, 1862 — Choctum, Vera Paz; Salvin, Ibis, 1866, p. 203 — Guatemala; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 836— San Pedro, Honduras; Salvin, Ibis, 1872, p. 315 — Chontales, Nicaragua. Chlorophanes atricapilla (not Coereba atricapilla Vieillot) Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 14 — Guatemala; idem, Ibis, 1860, p. 32 — Guatemala; Boucard, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, (n.s.), 25, p. 41, 1878 — Vera Paz, Guatemala. Chlorophanes spiza (not Motacilla spiza Linnaeus) Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 247, 1883 — part, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 29, 1886 — part, subsp. guatemalensis, spec, a-i, Guatemala (Vera Paz, Rio Pasion), Honduras (San Pedro), Nicaragua (Chontales); Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 487, 1893 — Rio Escondido, Nicaragua. Chlorophanes spiza guatemalensis Zeled6n, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 108, 1887— part, Guatemala; Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 585, 1888— Segovia River, Honduras; idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 383, 1902 — part, eastern Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua; Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 39, p. 153, 1903 — Ceiba, Honduras; Austin, I.e., 69, p. 390, 1929 — Mountain Cow, British Hon- duras; Peters, I.e., 69, p. 469, 1929 — Lancetilla, Honduras; Griscom, 1 Chlorophanes spiza guatemalensis Sclater is the largest form, with long, heavy bill and deep green coloration in the male sex. Wing (adult males), 75-80; tail, 52-55 ; bill, 16 M-18. We have examined ten Guatemalan specimens, mostly from Coban, and one (adult male) from San Pedro, Honduras. Material from Nicaragua not being available, I am not quite certain that birds from that country are really referable to guatemalensis. 250 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 372, 1932— Finca Chama, Secanquim, and Finca Sepacuite, Guatemala; Huber, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 84, p. 243, 1932 — Eden and Bluefields, Nicaragua. Range. — Eastern Guatemala, British Honduras, Honduras, and eastern Nicaragua. Chlorophanes purpurascens Sclater and Salvin.1 PURPLISH HONEY CREEPER. Chlorophanes purpurascens Sclater and Salvin, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., p. 157, 1873 — "Venezuela, prope urbem Caraccas" (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum, examined); Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 31, pi. 4, 1886— Venezuela. Range. — Unknown, supposedly Venezuela. Genus IRIDOPHANES Ridgway2 Iridophanes Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 3, p. 150, 1901 — type, by orig. desig., Dacnis pulcherrima Sclater. 1 Chlorophanes purpurascens Sclater and Salvin, known from a single example, is quite distinct from C. spiza. The bill, while of the same shape, lacks the pale margin along the commissure of the maxilla, though the lower mandible is wholly yellow as in the allied species. The body plumage, instead of being bright green, is of a dull blue (between "Colombia blue" and "Neropalin blue" of Ridgway). The black color about the head is much reduced in extent, only a narrow frontal band, the loral region, and the surrounding of the eye being dull black, and the feathers of the crown blackish with dull blue apical margins, whereas in C. spiza the whole crown and all the sides of the head are occupied by a solid deep black "mask." The interscapulium (plain green in C. spiza) is black, broadly margined apically with dull blue; the larger upper wing coverts, bluish green like the back in C. spiza, are also black, with narrow dull blue edges along the outer web only; remiges wholly black, the innermost secondaries only externally margined with dull blue; tail black with mere traces of bluish outer margins. The whole under surface, including malar region, cheeks, and chin, which are black in C. spiza, is dull blue, with suggestion of a blackish spot on each side of the chest; under wing coverts soiled whitish (not sooty as in C. spiza). Wing, 71; tail, 45; bill, 17. The type specimen, apparently an adult male, was purchased by P. L. Sclater in 1872 from Adolphe Boucard, and is labeled "Caracas," a locality that I strongly question. It is a trade skin of the so-called "Trinidad" or "Orinoco" make — characterized by loose wings and legs, half-open bill, and spread tail — and shows exactly the same preparation as specimens of Hylonympha macrocerca Gould, whose habitat is likewise unknown. 2 Genus Iridophanes Ridgway: Nearly allied to Chlorophanes, but bill pro- portionately much shorter, laterally less compressed, and apically much less convex; tarsus decidedly shorter, being equal to middle toe with claw; style of coloration quite different. While the final classification of this genus depends on the results of an investi- gation of its anatomical characters, I am, for the present, inclined to refer it to the Coerebidae rather than to the Tanagers. It offers many analogies to Chlorophanes in structure, the slightly swollen basal portion and the yellowish margin of the cutting edge of the maxilla being the most striking points of resemblance. The different proportions of the bill and tarsus, however, appear to me of sufficient importance to separate it generically. 1935 BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 251 Iridophanes pulcherrima pulcherrima (Sclater). YELLOW- COLLARED IRIDOPHANES. Dacnis pulcherrima Sclater, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 5, p. 480, 1853 — "in Nova- Grenada" = Bogota (descr. of male; type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum); idem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 137, 1855 — Bogota; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 51, pi. 8 (male), 1862— New Granada; idem, Ibis, 1863, p. 316 — Bogota (descr. of male); Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 270 (crit.); Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 510— Paltaypampa, Peru; idem, Orn. Per., 1, p. 432, 1884— Paltaypampa; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 24, 1886 — part, spec, a-c, Bogota. Nemosia torquata Du Bus, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci., Lettr. et Beaux-Arts Belgique, 22, (1), p. 155, 1855 — "Nouvelle Grenade" (descr. of male; type in Brussels Museum); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 84 (note), 1855 (crit.). Chlorophanes pulcherrima stigmatura Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 338— Garita del Sol, Dept. Junin, Peru (type in Warsaw Museum; cf. Sztolcman and Domaniewski, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 6, p. 179, 1927); idem, Ornis, 13, pp. 77, 108, 1906— Idma, Urubamba, and Huaynapata, Marcapata, Dept. Cuzco, Peru (crit.). Dacnis pukherrima aureinucha (not of Ridgway) Taczanowski and Berlepsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, p. 76 — Machay, Ecuador (descr. of adult and young female). Iridophanes pulcherrima pulcherrima Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 116, 1921 — Idma, Urubamba, Peru (crit.); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 647, 1926— below Oyacachi, Ecuador. Range. — Subtropical zone of eastern Colombia ("Bogota" collec- tions), eastern Ecuador, and eastern Peru, south to Dept. of Cuzco.1 Iridophanes pulcherrima aureinucha (Ridgway).2 WESTERN YELLOW-COLLARED IRIDOPHANES. Dacnis pulcherrima /3 aureinucha Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1, "1878," p. 484, pub. May, 1879 — Ecuador (descr. of male; type in U. S. National Museum). 1 The white subapical spot on the inner web of the lateral rectrices, claimed to distinguish the Peruvian stigmatura, seems to be a purely individual character without geographical significance. I find it in one put of three Bogota skins, while it is present only in one among six Peruvian specimens. In agreement with Dr. Chapman I am, therefore, led to the conclusion that there is only one form on the east side of the Andes ranging from Colombia to the Bolivian boundary. Material examined. — Colombia: "Bogota," 5. — Ecuador: Machay, 2. — Peru: Pozuzo, Dept. Huanuco, 2; Garita del Sol, Dept. Junin, 1; Idma, Urubamba, 5; Huaynapata, Marcapata, 1. 1 Iridophanes pulcherrima aureinucha (Ridgway) : Male similar to /. p. pul- cherrima, but nape much darker, deep golden yellow instead of straw yellow; throat less blackish, often decidedly gray; bill slightly longer. In this form the white subapical marking on the outermost rectrix appears to be a constant feature; at least it is so in all the specimens we have examined. Material examined. — Western Ecuador: Gualea, 2; Santo Domingo, 2; Guana- cillo, 1; unspecified, 2. 252 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Dacnis pulcherrima (not of Sclater, 1853) Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 24, 1886 — part, spec, a-d, "Intaj" [=Intag] and "Sarayacu" (errore), Ecuador; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 318 — Santo Domingo and Guanacillo, western Ecuador (crit.). Iridophanes pulcherrima (aureinucha Ridgway or) gualeae Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 83, 1922— Gualea, Ecuador (type in Stockholm Museum). Iridophanes pulcherrima aureinucha Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 648, 1926— Gualea (crit.). Range. — Subtropical zone of western Ecuador (Santo Domingo, Gualea, Guanacillo, Intag). Genus CYANERPES Oberholser Cyanerpes Oberholser, Auk, 16, p. 32, 1899 — type, by orig. desig., Certhia cyanea Linnaeus. *Cyanerpes cyaneus tobagensis Hellmayr and Seilern.1 TOBAGO HONEY CREEPER. Cyanerpes cyanea tobagensis Hellmayr and Seilern, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 12, p. 88, 1914 — Man o' War Bay, Tobago (type in Munich Museum). Cereba cyanea (not Certhia cyanea Linnaeus) Jardine, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 20, p. 372, 1847— Tobago. Arbelorhina cyanea Cory, Auk, 10, p. 220, 1893 — Tobago. Coereba cyanea Dalmas, Me'm. Soc. Zool. France, 13, p. 136, 1900 — Tobago. Cyanerpes cyanea Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 9, 1906 — part, Tobago. Cyanerpes cyaneus brevipes (not Arbelorhina brevipes Cabanis) Oberholser, Auk, 16, p. 33, 1899— part, Tobago. Range. — Island of Tobago. 48: Tobago. *Cyanerpes cyaneus cyaneus (Linnaeus). BLUE HONEY CREEPER. Certhia cyanea Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 188, 1766 — based on "The Black and Blue Creeper" Edwards, Glean. Nat. Hist., 2, p. 114, pi. 264, Surinam; "Le Grimpereau bleu du Br£sil" Brisson, Orn., 3, p. 628, pi. 31, fig. 5, "Bresil et Cayenne," etc.; Surinam (ex Edwards, first quoted by Linnaeus) designated as type locality (auct. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 9, 1906). 1 Cyanerpes cyaneus tobagensis Hellmayr and Seilern: Nearest to C. c. cyaneus, but wings and tail considerably longer, bill stouter and less strongly arched. Wing, 69-72, (female) 66-69; tail, 41-45, (female) 41-43; bill, 18)^-21, (female) 18-19. The females, in addition to their larger size, differ from the typical form by their darker, less yellowish under parts with the green streaking more clearly defined. The bill, in length, is subject to much variation. Sometimes it is very nearly as long as in C. c. eximius, sometimes it corresponds to the average of typi- cal cyaneus. It is, however, constantly stouter at the base and apically less arched. Additional material examined. — Tobago: Man o' War Bay, 5; Richmond, 3; Castare, 1; Garret Hall, 1. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 253 Certhia cayana Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 186, 1766 — based on "Le Grimpereau verd de Cayenne" Brisson, Orn., 3, p. 636, Cayenne (in part, female). Certhia armillata Sparrman, Mus. Carlson., fasc. 2, pi. 36, 1787 — Surinam (descr. of young male; type in coll. of M. Carlson);1 Sundevall, Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 2, No. 3, p. 8, 1857 (crit.).2 Coereba* cyanea Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), p. 761, 1831 — Rio de Janeiro and Espirito Santo (Barra de Jucu) ; Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 24, 1838 — Guarayos, Bolivia; Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 150, 1856— Rio de Janeiro to Para, etc.; Bonaparte, Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, 2, p. 31, 1857 — Cayenne; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 25, p. 263, 1857— Ega, Brazil; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 266— part, Cayenne, Brazil, and Trinidad; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 81— Trinidad; Le"otaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 118, 1866— Trinidad; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 179 — Sarayacu, Peru; idem, I.e., 1867, p. 570 — Para and upper Rio Negro; idem, I.e., 1867, p. 749— Xeberos, Peru; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 25, 1868— Goyaz and Guia, Rio Negro, Brazil; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 378 — Para; Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 561— Trinidad; Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1873, p. 260 — Sarayacu, Xeberos, and Chamicuros, Peru; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 597— Guarayos, Bolivia (ex d'Orbigny); Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 330— Estancia, Pernambuco; (?) Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 9 — Huambo, Peru; idem, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 436, 1884 — Sarayacu, Xeberos, and Chamicuros, Peru; Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 207 — Bartica Grove, Merume" Mountains, Camacusa, and Roraima; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 32, 1886 — part, spec, c'-r', British Guiana, Cayenne, lower Amazon, Ega, Pernambuco, Bahia, and "Rio Claro," Goyaz; Goeldi, Ibis, 1903, p. 499— Rio Capim, Para; Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 55, p. 292, 1907— Para, Santo Antonio do Prata, and Monte Alegre. Arbelorhina cyanea Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, p. 675, "1848"— British Guiana; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 295, 1889— Yurimaguas, Peru (crit.); Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 3, p. 347, 1891— Chapada, Matto Grosso; Chapman, I.e., 6, p. 26, 1894 — Princestown, Trinidad; Williams, Bull. Dept. Agric. Trin. and Tob., 20, p. 128, 1922— San Fernando, Trinidad. Cyanerpes cyaneus Oberholser, Auk, 16, p. 32, 1899 (monog.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 386, 1902— part, Guianan, Trinidad, Brazilian, and Bolivian references; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 12, p. 272, 1905 — Igarape'-Assu, Para; idem, I.e., 13, p. 9, 1906 — Valencia, Seelet, Caparo, and Savannah Grande, Trinidad; idem, I.e., 13, p. 356, 1906 — Santo Antonio do Prata, Para; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 1, p. 188, 1 This particular type of Sparrman's is not among those which passed into the Stockholm Museum. Cf. Gyldenstolpe, Ark. Zool., 19, A, No. 1, 1926. 1 Other probable synonyms are Certhia flavipes Gmelin (Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 472, 1788) and Certhia cyanogastra Latham (Ind. Orn., 1, p. 295, 1790), both based upon "Blue-throated Creeper" Latham (Gen. Syn. Bds., 1, (2), p. 734), a very ambiguously described bird from Cayenne in the collection of the Duchess of Portland. 8 Variously spelt Coereba, Caereba, or Cereba. 254 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 1906 — Aripo, Trinidad; idem, I.e., 1, p. 357, 1908 — Aripo; Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. Ill, 1908 — Cayenne, French Guiana; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 344, 1907 — Pernambuco, Bahia, Espirito Santo (Porto Cachoeira), and Para (Santarem); Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 522, 1908 — Arumatheua, Rio Tocantins; Beebe, Zoologica (N.Y.), 1, p. 101, 1909 — Guanoco, Orinoco Delta, Venezuela; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 466, 1914 — Para, Mocajatuba, Ananindeua, Quati-Puru, Santo Antonio do Prata, Rio Tocantins (Arumatheua), Monte Alegre, Obidos, and Maranhao; idem, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 2, No. 6, p. 60, 1926— Anil, Maranhao; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 480, 1921— British Guiana. Cyanerpes cyaneus cyaneus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 10, 1906 — part, Cayenne, British Guiana, Guanoco (Venezuela), Trinidad, and Bahia; idem, I.e., 15, p. 26, 1908 — Fazenda Esperanga, Goyaz; idem, Abhandl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Phys. KL, 26, No. 2, p. 87, 1912— Para, Santo Antonio, Igarape-Assu, and Rio Capim, Para; Cherrie, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 164, 1916 — Guanoco, Orinoco Delta; Beebe, Zoologica (N.Y.), 2, p. 98, 1916— Utinga, Para; Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 84, 1918 — Rijsdijkweg, Dutch Guiana; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 175, 1928— Para; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 269, 1929 — Tranqueira, Sao Luiz, and Rosario, Maranhao; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 365, 1930— Tapirapoan, Matto Grosso. Arbelorhina brevipes Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 96, 1851 — "Porto Cabello," Venezuela, errore (type in Heine Collection, now in Halberstadt Museum, examined); Hellmayr, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, p. 193, 1917 (crit.). Range. — French, Dutch, and British Guiana, extending through the delta region of the Orinoco to Trinidad; Brazil, south to Rio de Janeiro, Goyaz, and Matto Grosso; eastern Peru; eastern Bolivia (Guarayos).1 21: Dutch Guiana (Paramaribo, 1); British Guiana (Mazaruni River, 1; Demerara River, 2; Potaro, 4); Venezuela (Guanoco, Delta Amacuro, 1); Brazil (Sao Luiz, Maranhao, 1; Rosario, Maranhao, 6; Tranqueira, Maranhao, 2; Chapada, Matto Grosso, 3). 1 Birds from Trinidad and the Orinoco Delta (Guanoco) agree with a Guianan series. Specimens from Brazil south of the Amazon generally have rather shorter and slenderer bills. If they be deemed worthy of separation, a name exists in Arbelorhina brevipes Cabanis, as I have ascertained by examination of the type specimen. The type, purchased from a dealer by the name of Polly, is labeled "Porto Cabello, Venezuela." This is, however, an obvious mistake, since the bird, an adult male, agrees in color and dimensions with others from Para and Bahia, being much smaller as well as darker blue on the crown than the Caribbean race, C._c. eximia. Judging from its preparation, I should say it is a Brazilian trade skin. No material has been available from either Peru or Bolivia. Additional material examined. — French Guiana: Cayenne, 6; Saint- Jean-du- Maroni, 2. — British Guiana: Mines district, 8. — Venezuela: Guanoco, Delta Amacuro, 4. — Trinidad, 26. — Brazil: Para region, 5; Guia, Rio Negro, 1; Goyaz, 3; Bahia, 4. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 255 *Cyanerpes cyaneus eximius (Cabanis).1 CARIBBEAN HONEY CREEPER. Arbelorhina eximia Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 96, 1851 — Porto Cabello, Venezuela (type in Heine Collection, now in the Municipal Museum, Halberstadt, examined; cf. Hellmayr, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, p. 194, 1917). Coereba cyanea eximia Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 287, 1884 — Bucaramanga, Colombia; idem, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 4, p. 184, 1887 — Bogota. Arbelorhina cyanea eximia Richmond and Robinson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18, p. 679, 1896— Margarita Island (crit.); Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 143, 1898— Santa Marta, Colombia. Cyanerpes cyanea(us) eximia(us) Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 173, 1900 — Bonda, Cacagualito, and Minca, Colombia; Robinson and Rich- mond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 176, 1901— San Julian, near La Guaira, Venezuela; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 10, 1906 — San Esteban, Ejido, Cumana, and Margarita Island, Venezuela (crit.); Hellmayr and Seilern, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 51, 1912— Cumbre Chiquita, Carabobo, Venezuela; Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 414, 1931 — Rio Frio, Magdalena, Colombia. Coereba cyanea (not Cerihia cyanea Linnaeus) Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 266 — part, Venezuela (crit.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, pp. 166, 627— Pilar and San Esteban, Venezuela; Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1879, p. 199 — Manaure, Santa Marta; idem, Ibis, 1880, p. 119— "Minea"= Minca, Santa Marta; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 32, 1886 — part, spec, z, a', d', Manaure, Minca, and Venezuela. Cyanerpes cyaneus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 386, 1902 — part, Venezuela (Caracas, Margarita Island) and Santa Marta; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 209, 1913— Cariaquito and Pedernales, Venezuela; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 462, 1922 — Tucurinca, Bonda, Cacagualito, Minca, Mamatoco, La Tigrera, Las Vegas, and Don Diego, Santa Marta district (crit., habits). Cyanerpes cyaneus brevipes (not Arbelorhina brevipes Cabanis) Oberholser, Auk, 16, p. 33, 1899 — part, Caribbean coast of Colombia and Venezuela (crit.); Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 250, 1909— Porlamar, Margarita Island. 1 Cyanerpes cyaneus eximius (Cabanis): Similar to C. c. cyaneus, but with decidedly longer bill; crown patch of males in nuptial plumage of a paler, less intense blue. Bill, 20-23, rarely 18-19. While admitting that certain unusually short-billed examples have by no means longer bills than C. c. cyaneus, the majority from the Caribbean coast of Venezuela and Colombia are fairly distinguishable on this score, and the recogni- tion of C. c. eximius seems to me justifiable in spite of the doubt that has been cast on its validity. The few not very satisfactory skins from "Bogota" (probably= Magdalena Valley) appear to be referable to this form, too. Additional material examined. — Venezuela: Yacua, Paria Peninsula, 3; hinter- land of Cumana, 17; San Esteban, Carabobo, 8; Cumbre Chiquita, 2; Margarita Island, 2; Ejido, Merida, 1. — Colombia: Cartagena, 2; "Bogota," 3. 256 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Range. — Caribbean coast of Venezuela, east to the Paria Penin- sula, and Colombia, extending south into the eastern Andes of Colombia (Bucaramanga; "Bogota"). 3: Venezuela (Porlamar, Margarita Island, 1); Colombia (Don Diego, 1; Tucurinca, 1). *Cyanerpes cyaneus carneipes (Sclater).1 FLESH-LEGGED HONEY CREEPER. Coereba? carneipes Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 27, p. 376, 1859— Playa Vicente, Oaxaca, and Cordoba, Vera Cruz, Mexico (type, from Playa Vicente, in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum); Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1860, p. 32— Guatemala; Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 52, 1862— Oaxaca; idem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 173— "vicinity of city of Mexico"; Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1864, p. 349 — Panama; Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, pp. 291, 318, 1861— Panama Railroad; idem, I.e., 8, p. 175, 1865 — David, Chiriqui; Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 137— Santa F6, Santiago de Veragua, and Cordillera de Tole, Veragua, and David, Chiriqui, Panama; idem, I.e., 1870, p. 185 — Calove- vora, Castillo, Chitra, Cordillera del Chucu, Veragua, and Bugaba, Chiriqui; Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, p. 548, 1869— hot districts of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Coere&a2 cyanea (not Certhia cyanea Linnaeus) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 24, p. 286, 1856— Cordoba, Mexico; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 266 — part, Nicaragua (crit.); Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 97, 1868— Costa Rica; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 836— Honduras; Salvin, Ibis, 1872, p. 315— Chontales, Nicaragua; Boucard, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, (n.s.), 25, p. 41, 1878 — Guatemala; Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6, p. 382, 1883— Sucuya, Nicaragua; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 248, 1883 — part, Mexico to Panama; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 32, 1886 — part, spec, a, b, d-y, Mexico to Panama; Salvin, Ibis, 1888, p. 257 — Cozumel Island; Underwood, Ibis, 1896, p. 435 — Miravalles, Costa Rica. Arbelorhina cyanea Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 410, 1860 — Costa Rica (crit.); Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 579, 1887— Trujillo, Honduras; Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 108, 1887— Las Trojas de Puntarenas, San Jose, Alajuela, Pozo Azul de Pirris, and Monte Redondo 1 Cyanerpes cyaneus carneipes (Sclater) : Very similar to C. c. cyaneus and agree- ing in proportion of bill; pale blue cap of male in nuptial plumage more restricted in area, being separated from the black mantle by a much wider purplish blue band; female much more yellowish underneath, especially on throat and middle line. Although disregarded by recent authorities, this race seems to me entitled to recognition, as long as C. c. eximius is maintained. The only other feasible course is to unite all three forms, a procedure I dislike to advocate in view of the relative stability of their characters when checked with the aid of adequate series. The yellowish edge along the inner webs of the rectrices alluded to by Cabanis, when tentatively proposing the name A. marginata for the Costa Rican bird, appears to be an individual variation, though I have nowhere else seen it developed to such an extent as in some specimens from that country. 2 Sometimes spelt "Caereba." 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 257 de San Jose, Costa Rica; Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 487, 1893 — San Carlos and Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; Cherrie, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 4, p. 137, 1893 — Lagarto, Boruca, TeVraba, and Buenos Aires, Costa Rica. Cyanerpes cyaneus Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 2, p. 28, 1900 — Loma del Leon, Panama; idem, Auk, 18, p. 31, 1901 — San Miguel Island; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 386, 1902— part, Central American references; Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 39, p. 153, 1903 — Ceiba, Honduras; Thayer and Bangs, I.e., 46, p. 157, 1905 — San Miguel Island; idem, I.e., p. 221, 1906 — savanna of Panama; Cole, I.e., 50, p. 146, 1906— Xbac, Yucatan; Bangs, Auk, 24, p. 306, 1907— Boruca, Paso Real, and Lagarto, Costa Rica; Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 126, 1907 — Patulul and Mazatenango, Guatemala; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 822, 1910— Pigres, San Jose", El General, Pozo Azul de Pirrls, Miravalles, El Hogar, and Boruca, Costa Rica; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 277, 1918— Gatun, Panama; Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 13, No. 4, p. 49, 1920— Pearl Islands; Hallinan, Auk, 41, p. 320, 1924 — Farfan, Rio Algarrobo, and Sosa Hill, Panama. Cyanerpes cyaneus cyaneus Austin, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, p. 390, 1929 — Mountain Cow, British Honduras; Peters, I.e., 69, p. 469, 1929— Tela, Honduras; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 371, 1932 — Guatemala. Cyanerpes cyaneus carneipes Oberholser, Auk, 16, p. 33, 1899 — from southern Mexico to Panama (crit.); Bangs, Auk, 18, p. 369, 1901 — Divala, Chiriqui; idem, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 63, 1902— Boquete, Chiriqui; Peters, Auk, 30, p. 378, 1913— Camp Mengel, Quintana Roo. Arbelorhina marginata Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 411, 1860 — Costa Rica (type in Berlin Museum). Range. — Tropical zone of Central America, from southern Mexico, in states of Vera Cruz, Oaxaca, Yucatan, Quintana Roo, etc., south to the Isthmus of Panama, including the Pearl Islands. 34: Mexico (Buenavista, Yucatan, 1); Guatemala (San Felipe, Retalhuleu, 1; Patulul, 2; Mazatenango, 7); Honduras (Trujillo, 1); Nicaragua (San Geronimo, Chinandega, 11; San Emilio, Lake Nicaragua, 3) ; Costa Rica (Las Cafias, 1; Miravalles, 2; El General, 1; El Pozo de Te*rraba, 1); Panama (Colon, 3). Cyanerpes cyaneus ramsdeni Bangs.1 RAMSDEN'S HONEY CREEPER. 1 Cyanerpes cyaneus ramsdeni Bangs: "Differs from the other races by having the pale blue crown patch in the adult male very small and restricted to the crown itself and not extending to the occiput. Female rather darker above and paler, more yellowish below. Wing, 63; tail, 34H; exposed culmen, 16 mm." (Bangs, I.e.). Not having any material from Cuba, I am greatly in doubt as to the propriety of recognizing this form, which has recently been disregarded and relegated to the synonymy of C. c. cyaneus by the describer himself. It has been suggested that the bird was not a native of Cuba; but if it was introduced this must have been done many years ago, since Gundlach, in 1844, found it already widespread on the island. Certain characters given by Bangs, such as the restricted crown patch of 258 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Cyanerpes cyaneus ramsdeni Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. CL, 4, p. 91, 1913 — Rio Seco, near Guantanamo, Cuba (type in Museum of Compara- tive Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.). Caereba cyanea (not Certhia cyanea Linnaeus) d'Orbigny, in La Sagra, Hist, phys. pol. nat. Cuba, Ornith., p. 124, 1839 — Cuba (San Diego) ; Lembeye, Aves Cuba, p. 131, 1850— Cuba; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 32, 1886 — part, spec, c, Cuba; Cory, Auk, 3, p. 53, 1886 — Cuba (monog.); idem, Bds. West Ind., p. 67, 1889— Cuba; Scott, Auk, 10, p. 339, 1893— Kingston, Jamaica (possibly escaped cage-bird). Arbelorhina cyanea Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 4, p. 98, 1856 — Cuba (crit.); Gundlach, Rep. Fis.-Nat. Cuba, 1, p. 290, 1866— Cuba; idem, Orn. Cub., p. 105, 1893— Cuba; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 4, p. 310, 1892— San Pablo, Cuba. Cyanerpes cyaneus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 386, 1902 — part, Cuba and Jamaica; Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 121, 1923 — Cuba (crit., range). Cyanerpes cyaneus cyaneus Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 397, 1930 — Cuba (crit.). Cyanerpes cyaneus brevipes (not Arbelorhina brevipes Cabanis) Oberholser, Auk, 16, p. 33, 1899— part, Cuba. Range. — Islands of Cuba and Jamaica (one record from Kingston). "Cyanerpes cyaneus pacificus Chapman.1 PACIFIC HONEY CREEPER. Cyanerpes cyaneus pacificus Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 34, p. 655, 1915 — Barbacoas, Narino, Colombia (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, I.e., 36, p. 585, 1917 — Buenaventura, San Jose, Los Cisneros, Tumaco, and Barbacoas, Colombia; idem, I.e., 55, p. 645^ 1926 — Esmeraldas and coast of Manavl, Ecuador. Range. — Tropical zone of western Colombia, from Buenaventura southwards, and northwestern Ecuador, south to Manavi. 5: Colombia (San Jose*, 1); Ecuador, Prov. Esmeraldas (Pambilar, 2; Vacqueria, 1; San Javier, 1). the male and the yellowish under parts of the female, point to the Central American race (C. c. carneipes), and this assimilation is corroborated by Barbour's note that Cuban birds are "not separable from those of Panama and Nicaragua." Under these circumstances I hesitate to drop the Cuban race and recommend the investi- gation of the problem to one equipped with the necessary material. The occurrence of the Blue Honey Creeper in Jamaica seems to be altogether fortuitous, it being even possible that the single example taken by Scott was an escaped cage-bird. 1 Cyanerpes cyaneus pacificus Chapman: Differs readily in both sexes from all the other races by the much paler, naphthalene to barium yellow, instead of bright strontian yellow, color of the under wing coverts and quill lining. The light blue crown patch of the adult male is generally darker, more bluish (near calamine blue) and even more restricted than in C. c. carneipes, the purplish blue nuchal band being correspondingly wider. Length and shape of bill about the same as in east Brazilian specimens of C. c. cyaneus. Wing, 67-70, (female) 67; tail, 38-41, (female) 43; bill, 15-17. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 259 Cyanerpes cyaneus gigas Thayer and Bangs.1 GORGONA ISLAND HONEY CREEPER. Cyanerpes gigas Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, p. 96, 1905 — Gorgona Island, Colombia (type in coll. of E. A. and O. Bangs, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, I.e., 70, p. 397, 1930). Coereba cyanea (not Certhia cyanea Linnaeus) Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 32, 1886 — part, spec, b', Gorgona. Range. — Gorgona Island, off Colombia. *Cyanerpes caeruleus longirostris (Cabanis).2 TRINIDAD HONEY CREEPER. Arbelorhina longirostris3 Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 96, 1851 — "Caracas," errore, we substitute Trinidad (descr. of young male and female; types in Heine Collection, now in Halberstadt Museum, examined); Hellmayr, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, p. 194, 1917 (crit.). Coereba longirostris Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 267 — Trinidad (crit.); Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 561 — Trinidad (crit.). Coereba caeruleus longirostris Oberholser, Auk, 16, p. 34, 1899 — part, Trinidad (crit.). Coereba trinitatis Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci., Paris, 38, p. 258, 1854 — "ex Insula Sancta-Trinitas" (type in coll. of J. and E. Verreaux, now in Paris Museum); idem, Not. Orn. Coll. Delattre, p. 50, 1854 — same locality. Cyanerpes caerulea trinitatis Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 8, 1906 — Valencia and Savannah Grande, Trinidad (crit.) ; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 1, p. 187, 1906— Aripo, Trinidad; idem, I.e., p. 357, 1908— Aripo. Coereba caerulea (not Certhia caerulea Linnaeus) Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 81 — Trinidad; LSotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 120, 1866— Trinidad. 1 Cyanerpes cyaneus gigas Thayer and Bangs: Similar to C. c. pacificus in pale under wing coverts and quill lining, but coloration of male darker and more purplish, near "cyanine-blue"; female darker and more yellowish below. This form, which is only known from two immature males and one female in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, and a single adult male in the British Museum, we have not seen. Its characters as given above are based on Chapman's remarks in Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 34, p. 655, 1915. 1 Cyanerpes caeruleus longirostris (Cabanis) : Closely similar in coloration to C. c. caeruleus, but with much larger, longer as well as heavier, bill. Wing, 55-59; tail, 27-30; bill, 20^-24. This race, which is confined to Trinidad, differs very little in coloration from its continental representative, though the males frequently have the crown of a darker blue, nearly uniform with the rest of the upper surface, while the females are generally darker green above and have the throat somewhat deeper ochraceous. The typical specimens of A. longirostris, said to be from "Caracas" on the authority of a dealer, proved to be identical with a series from Trinidad. Additional material examined. — Trinidad: Valencia, 20; Caparo, 12; Aripo, 4. * Misprinted "longirostristris" on page 96, corrected on page 234. 260 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Arbelorhina caerulea Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 6, p. 25, 1894 — Trinidad (habits). Range. — Island of Trinidad. 1: Trinidad (Valencia, 1). *Cyanerpes caeruleus caeruleus (Linnaeus). PURPLE HONEY CREEPER. Certhia caerulea Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 118, 1758 — based on "Blue Creeper" Edwards, Nat. Hist. Bds., 1, p. 21, pi. 21 (=male), Surinam. Certhia cayana Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 186, 1766 — based on "Le Grimpereau verd de Cayenne" Brisson, Orn., 3, p. 636, pi. 33, fig. 2, Cayenne (part, "male" = female).1 Certhia ochrochlora Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 472, 1789 — based on "Yellow- cheeked Creeper" Pennant, Gen. Bds., p. 60, pi. 3, fig. 2 (=female); Surinam. Certhia surinamensis Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, p. 295, 1790 — based on "Yellow cheeked Creeper" Pennant, Gen. Bds., p. 60, pi. 3, fig. 2; Surinam. Arbelorhina caerulea Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, p. 675, "1848" — British Guiana; Riker and Chapman, Auk, 7, p. 266, 1890 — Santarem; Phelps, Auk, 14, p. 363, 1897 — San Antonio [Sucre], Venezuela. Coereba* caerulea Bonaparte, Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, 2, p. 31, 1857 — Cayenne; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 266 — Cayenne; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 167— Pilar [Sucre"], Venezuela; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 25, 1868 — part, Para; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 378— Para; Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1880, p. 119— "Minea" [=Minca], Colombia; Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 207 — Bartica Grove, Merume Mountains, Camacusa, and Roraima, British Guiana; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 33, 1886 — part, spec, a, b, r, w-e', Minca, Santarem, Roraima, Camacusa, Bartica Grove, Berbice, Maroni River, Cayenne, and Para; Menegaux, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 10, p. 116, 1904 — Kourou, Sinnamary, and Mahury, French Guiana; Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 55, p. 292, 1907 — Para, Santo Antonio do Prata, and Rio Moju, Para; Penard, Vog. Guyana, 2, p. 475, 1910 — Surinam. Cyanerpes caeruleus(a) Oberholser, Auk, 16, p. 34, 1899 — part, Venezuela and British Guiana; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 12, p. 272, 1905 — Igarap6-Assu and Bemfica, Para; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 344, 1907 — part, Para; Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 56, pp. 498, 522, 1908— Villa Braga, Rio Tapajoz, and Arumatheua, Rio Tocantins; Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 112, 1908 — Ipousin, Approuague River, French Guiana; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 210, 1913 — Cariaquito, Paria Peninsula, Venezuela; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 466, 1914— Para, Mocajatuba, Provi- dencia, Ananindeua, Santa Isabel, Santo Antonio do Prata, Rio Moju, 1 Brisson, the sole basis of Linnaeus, described the female plumage of the present species as "male," while the diagnosis of his supposed female is referable to the same sex of C. cyaneus cyaneus, 2 Variously spelt Coereba, Caereba, and Cereba. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 261 Rio Tocantins (Arumatheua), Rio Tapaj6z (Boim, Villa Braga), and Rio Jary (Santo Antonio da Cachoeira) ; idem, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 2, No. 6, p. 60, 1926— Tury-assu, Maranhao. Cyanerpes caerulea(us) caerulea(us) Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 8, 1906 — Guiana and Venezuela, south to Para (crit.) ; idem, Abhandl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Phys. Kl., 26, No. 2, p. 87, 1912— Para localities; idem and Seilern, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 52, 1912 — Las Quiguas, Cumbre Chiquita, and San Esteban, Carabobo (crit.); Beebe, Zoologica (N.Y.), 1, p. 101, 1909— Guanoco, Orinoco Delta; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 164, 1917 — Guanoco; Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 84, 1918 — vicinity of Paramaribo, Lelydorp, Javaweg, and Rijsdijkweg, Dutch Guiana; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 483, 1921— British Guiana (numerous localities); Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 462, 1922 — Bonda, Agua Dulce, Las Vegas, Don Diego, and Pueblo Viejo, Santa Marta, Colombia (crit., habits); Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 176, 1928— Para; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 270, 1929— Tury-assu, Maranhao. Arbelorhina caerulea microrhyncha (not Coereba caerulea microrhyncha Berlepsch) Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 143, 1898— Santa Marta, Colombia. Cyanerpes caeruleus microrhynchus Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 173, 1900 — Bonda, Minca, Onaca, Las Nubes, and Cacagualito, Colombia. Range. — French, Dutch, and British Guiana; northern Venezuela (Orinoco Delta and north coast, from the Paria Peninsula westwards) and northern Colombia (Santa Marta region); northeastern Brazil (Rio Jary; south of the Amazon from the Tapajoz east to north- western Maranhao).1 10: French Guiana (Saint- Jean-du-Maroni, 2); Dutch Guiana (Paramaribo, 1); British Guiana (Kalakoon, 1; Mazaruni River, 1; Potaro, 1); Brazil, Para (Utinga, 3; Igarape"-Assu, 1). Cyanerpes caeruleus cherriei Berlepsch and Hartert.2 CHERRIE'S HONEY CREEPER. 1 Venezuelan birds agree with a series from the Guianas, and five adult males from the Orinoco Delta (Guanoco) are also typical. Birds from the Para region do not seem to be separable either, although some specimens have shorter bills, there- by approaching C. c. cherriei. Additional material examined. — French Guiana: Cayenne, 8; Saint-Jean-du- Maroni, 2; Ipousin, Approuague River, 1. — British Guiana: Mines District, 4. — Venezuela: Guanoco, Orinoco Delta, 5; Sucr6 (Cumana, San Antonio, etc.), 18; Carabobo (San Esteban, Las Quiguas, Cumbre Chiquita), 18. — Brazil: Para, 2; Igarape-Assu, 4; Bemfica, 1. 2 Cyanerpes caeruleus cherriei Berlepsch and Hartert: Similar to C. c. micro- rhynchus (Berlepsch), but decidedly smaller with the bill still shorter and slenderer; under parts of adult males on average slightly less purplish. Wing, 52-54, (female) 53-55; tail, 26-28, (female) 26-29; bill, 15-16, rarely 17. Birds from western Amazonia (upper Rio Negro; Teffe"; Salto do Girao) appear to be identical with the typical series. An adult male from Manaos, con- 262 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Cyanerpes caerulea cherriei Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 16, 1902 — Munduapo and Nericagua, upper Orinoco, Venezuela (type from Mun- duapo in Tring Museum examined); Hellmayr, I.e., 13, p. 9, 1906 — Munduapo (crit.); idem, I.e., 14, pp. 42, 43, 1907— Tefte, Rio Solimoes, Brazil (crit., range); idem, I.e., 14, p. 347, 1907 — Humayta, Rio Madeira; idem, I.e., 17, p. 271, 1910 — Jamarysinho and Santa Izabel (Rio Preto), Rio Madeira; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 467, 1914 (range); Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 165, 1917 — Munduapo, Rio Orinoco. Cyanerpes caeruleus cherriei Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 366, 1930 — Morinho Lyra, Matto Grosso. Coereba caerulea (notCerthia caerulea Linnaeus) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 25, p. 263, 1857— Ega, Brazil; Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1867, p. 570— upper Rio Negro; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 33, 1888 — part, spec, q, Ega. Caereba caerulea Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 25, 1868 — part, Salto do Girao and Borba, Rio Madeira, and Marabitanas, Guia, Rio Icanna, and Barra [=Manaos], Rio Negro (spec, examined). Cyanerpes coeruleus Ihering and Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 344, 1907 — part, Amazonia, Borba, Rio Negro. Range. — Plains of the Amazonian forest region, from the banks of the upper Orinoco (Munduapo, Nericagua) through the western section of the State of Amazonas (Rio Negro; Rio Solimoes) south to the Rio Madeira and northern Matto Grosso (Morinho Lyra). *Cyanerpes caeruleus microrhynchus (Berlepsch).1 SMALL- BILLED HONEY CREEPER. Coereba caerulea microrhyncha Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 287, 1884 — Bogota and Bucaramanga, Colombia, and upper Amazonia [ = Iquitos, Peru] (type, from Bucaramanga, in Berlepsch Collection, now in Frank- fort Museum, examined). trary to what we might have expected, is also similar, showing no approach to C. c. caeruleus. Material examined. — Venezuela, upper Orinoco: Munduapo, 3; Nericagua, 1. — Brazil: Rio Negro, Marabitanas, 2; Guia, 1; Rio Icanna, 1; Manaos, 1; Teff6, Rio Solimoes, 8; Rio Madeira, Humayta, 1; Salto do Girao, 1; Santa Izabel, Rio Preto, 1; Jamarysinho, Rio Machados, 1. 1 Cyanerpes caeruleus microrhynchus (Berlepsch) : Similar to C. c. caeruleus, but adult male with forepart of crown, cheeks, and malar region decidedly paler blue; bill slenderer, though not constantly shorter. Birds from Peru and Ecuador are identical in coloration with those from Colombia, and many do not differ in proportions of bill either. Other specimens, however, have somewhat slenderer, snorter bills, and closely approach C. c. cher- riei, from which they can only be distinguished by their shorter wings. Females exhibit certain variations, notably in the coloration of the auriculars, as has been pointed out by Mr. Zimmer, but the constancy of this divergency remains to be determined by more adequate series. Additional material examined. — Colombia: Bucaramanga, 1 (the type); Bogota, 32. — Venezuela: "Merida," 2. — Ecuador: "Rio Napo," 2. — Peru: Iquitos, 13; Nauta, 2; Pozuzo, Huanuco, 3; Chanchamayo, Junfn, 1; Chaquimayo, Cara- baya, 1; Yahuarmayo, 4; Rio San Gaban, 1. — Bolivia: San Augustin, 1; Mapiri, 1. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 263 Arbelorhina coerulea microrhyncha Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 295, 1889 — Yurimaguas and Cumbase, near Tarapoto, Peru (crit.) ; idem and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 337 — La Merced, Chanchamayo, Peru (crit.). Cyanerpes caerulea microrhyncha Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 9, 1906 — Colombia and Me"rida to northeastern Bolivia ("Beni"=San Augustin) (crit.); idem, I.e., 14, p. 43, 1907 — San Augustin, Bolivia, and Pozuzo, Peru (crit., range); idem, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 14, 1920— Chaquimayo, Yahuarmayo, and San Gaban, Dept. Puno, Peru (crit.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 586, 1917 — part, near Honda and Buena Vista (above Villa vicencio), Colombia; idem, I.e., 55, p. 646, 1926 — Napo, Zamora, and Rio Suno, eastern Ecuador; Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 423, 1930— Vista Alegre, Dept. Huanuco, and Puerto Bermudez, Dept. Junln, Peru (crit.); Laubmann, Wissens. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 301, 1930— Buena Vista, Santa Cruz, Bolivia (crit.). Cyanerpes caeruleus microrhynchus Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, p. 108, 1906 — Huaynapata, Rio Cadena, and Escopal, Marcapata, Peru. Coereba caerulea (not Certhia caerulea Linnaeus) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 137, 1855— Bogot4 (crit.); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 53, 1862 — part, spec, d, Rio Napo; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 749 — Xeberos, Peru; idem, I.e., p. 977 — Pebas, Peru; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 185 — Cosnipata, Peru; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 497 — Remedies and Medellin, Colombia; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 597 — Tilotilo, Simacu, and Nairapi, Prov. Yungas, Bolivia; Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 437, 1884 — Huambo, Paltaypampa, Monterico, and Moyobamba, Peru; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 33, 1886 — part, Bogota, Remedies (Antioquia), Ecuador (Sarayacu), Peru (Pebas, Ucayali), and Bolivia (Nairapi, Simacu); Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 80, 1889— Falls of the Madeira and Mapiri, Bolivia (crit.); Salvador! and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 13, 1899— Santiago, Ecuador; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 319 — Archidona, Ecuador. Cyanerpes caeruleus Oberholser, Auk, 16, p. 34, 1899 — part, Bolivia to Colombia; Berlioz, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 31, p. 233, 1925— Canelos, Ecuador. Coereba brevirostris (not Arbelorhina brevirostris Cabanis) Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 53, 1862— Bogota; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 267— part, Bogota. Coereba nitida (not of Hartlaub) Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 510 — Paltaybamba, Peru. Range. — Tropical zone of eastern Colombia (Magdalena Valley and east side of eastern Andes), and extreme western Venezuela (Me"rida) south through eastern Ecuador and Peru to northern Bolivia. 9: Colombia ("Bogota," 2); Peru (Moyobamba, 4; Vista Alegre, 1; Puerto Bermudez, 1); Bolivia (Buenavista, Dept. Santa Cruz, 1). 264 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII *Cyanerpes caeruleus chocoanus Hellmayr.1 CHOCO HONEY CREEPER. Cyanerpes caerulea chocoana Hellmayr, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 14 (footnote), 1920 — "Sao Joaquim" [=San Joaquin] del Choco, Colombia (type in Munich Museum); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 646, 1926— western Ecuador (crit.). Coereba brevirostris (not Arbelorhina brevirostris Cabanis) Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 267— part, Guayaquil, Ecuador. Coereba caerulea (not Certhia caerulea Linnaeus) Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 543— Chimbo, Ecuador. Cyanerpes caerulea microrhyncha (not of Berlepsch) Hellmayr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911, p. 1097 — N6vita, San Joaquin del Choco, and Rio Caj6n, Colombia; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 586, 1917 — part, Quibdo, Juntas de Tamana, Noanama, and Barbacoas, Colombia. Range. — Tropical zone of western Ecuador and Pacific Colombia, north to the upper Atrato (Quibdo). 7: Colombia, Rio San Juan, Choco (Noanamd, 4; Tado, 3). *Cyanerpes caeruleus isthmicus Bangs.2 ISTHMIAN HONEY CREEPER. Cyanerpes lucidus isthmicus Bangs, Auk, 24, p. 306, 1917 — Paso Real, Costa Rica (type in coll. of E. A. and O. Bangs, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 397, 1930); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 821, 1910— Costa Rica (crit., habits); Kennard and Peters, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 38, p. 462, 1928— Boquete Trail, Panama; Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 340, 1931 — Almirante, Panama; Griscom, I.e., 72, p. 367, 1932 — Perm6 and Obaldia, Panama. Coereba caerulea (not Certhia caerulea Linnaeus) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 24, p. 140, 1856— David, Panama. Coereba lucida (not of Sclater and Salvin) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, pp. 291, 318, 1861— Panama Railroad; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. 1 Cyanerpes caeruleus chocoanus Hellmayr: Nearest to C. c. microrhynchus, but wings and tail slightly shorter; adult males less purplish with crown, cheeks, and auriculars much lighter blue; females with paler, more yellowish green upper sur- face, light buff instead of ochraceous lores and throat, and much narrower as well as paler blue rictal streak. Wing, 53-56, (female) 54-55; tail, 26-28; bill, 17-18. Additional material examined. — Colombia: N6vita, 2; San Joaquin, Bahia del Choc6, IjRioCajon, 4. 2 Cyanerpes caeruleus isthmicus Bangs: Similar to C. c. lucidus, but decidedly smaller with shorter and slenderer bill, especially at base; blue color of adult male darker, the crown and hind neck distinctly lighter than, instead of concolor with, the back; female with dorsal surface slightly duller green and the pileum less bluish. Wing (adult male), 52-56; tail, 25-27; bill, 16-18, rarely 19. I cannot see in this and the next form anything but well-marked races of C. caeruleus. Additional material examined. — Costa Rica: P6zo Azul de Pirris, 6; Siquirres, Rio Reventaz6n, 1. — Panama: Chiriqui, 2. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 265 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 349 — Panama Railroad; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 267— Panama (crit.); Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 137— David; idem, I.e., 1870, p. 185— Bugaba, Chiriquf; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 249, 1883 — part, Panama (David, Bugaba, Panama Railroad); Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 35, 1886 — part, spec, h-k, Veragua, Bugaba, and Lion Hill, Panama; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 339, p. 3, 1899— Chiriquf. Arbelorhina lucida Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 108, 1887 — San Jos6, Port Limon, and P6zo Azul de Pirris, Costa Rica; Cherrie, Auk, 9, p. 23, 1892 — San Jos6, Costa Rica; idem, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 4, p. 137, 1893 — Boruca and Terraba, Costa Rica; Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, p. 488, 1893— Rio Escondido, Costa Rica (habits). Cyanerpes lucidus(a) Oberholser, Auk, 16, p. 34, 1899 — part (crit.); Bangs, Auk, 18, p. 369, 1901— Divala, Chiriqui; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 389, 1902 — part, Costa Rican and Panama localities and references. Range. — Tropical zone of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama east to Darien (Perme* and Obaldia). 6: Costa Rica (Limon, 1; San Jose", 1; Boruca, 2; unspecified, 1); Panama (Boqueron, 1). *Cyanerpes caeruleus lucid us (Sclater and Salvin). SHINING HONEY CREEPER. Coereba lucida Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1, p. 14, 1859 — Guatemala (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum) ; Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 27, p. 53, 1859— Omoa, Honduras; Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 53, 1862 — Choctum, Vera Paz; Boucard, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, (n.s.), 25, p. 42, 1878 — Guatemala; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 249, 1883 — part, Guatemala and Honduras; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 35, 1886 — part, spec, a-g, Guatemala. Cyanerpes lucidus(a) Oberholser, Auk, 16, p. 34, 1899 — part, Guatemala; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 389, 1902— part, Guate- malan and Honduran references and localities; Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 39, p. 153, 1903— Ceiba, Honduras. Cyanerpes lucidus lucidus Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 371, 1932 — Guatemala. Range. — Tropical zone of Guatemala (Vera Paz) and Honduras (Omoa, Ceiba).1 2: Guatemala (Vera Paz, 2). *Cyanerpes nitidus (Hartlaub).2 SHORT-BILLED HONEY CREEPER. 1 Additional material examined. — Guatemala: Vera Paz, 6. 1 Cyanerpes nitidus (Hartlaub) is immediately recognizable from C. caeruleus by its much shorter, stouter as well as less curved bill. Besides, the blue color of the body plumage in the adult male is much brighter, lacking the purplish tone, and 266 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Coereba nitida Hartlaub, Rev. Zool., 10, p. 84, 1847 — "du nord du Perou" (descr. male; type in Bremen Museum); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 25, p. 264, 1857 — Rio Javarri, Brazil; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 53, 1862— Bogota; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 267— part, upper Amazon (excl. descr. of female); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 749— Xeberos, Peru; idem, I.e., p. 977— Pebas, Peru; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 260 — Xeberos, Chamicuros, and Pebas, Peru; Tacza- nowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 439, 1884 — Xeberos, Chamicuros, Pebas, and Lamas; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 35, 1886— Colombia (Bogota), Brazil (Ega), and Peru (Pebas, Xeberos, Ucayali). Caereba nitida Strickland, Contrib. Orn., 1850, p. 147, pi. 66, fig. sup. (= adult male) — "from the upper branches of the Amazons"; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 25, 1868 — Marabitanas, Rio Xie, and Rio Iganna, upper Rio Negro, Brazil (spec, examined). Arbelorhina nitida Reichenbach, Handb. Spez. Orn., livr. 5, p. 235, pi. 555, fig. 3772, 1853 — Peru, upper Amazon, and "Porto Cabello" (crit.). Cyanerpes nitida Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 16, 1902 — Suapure and Nicare, Caura River, Venezuela; Hellmayr, I.e., 14, p. 43, 1907 — Teffe', Rio Solimoes (descr. female); Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 467, 1914 (range); Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 165, 1917 — Caura Valley, Venezuela. Cyanerpes nitidus Oberholser, Auk, 16, p. 35, 1899 (range) ; Ihering and Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 344, 1907 (range); Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 366, 1930— Rio Roosevelt, Matto Grosso. Arbelorhina brevirostris Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 96, 1851 — "Porto Cabello," Venezuela, errore (descr. male; type in Heine Collection, now in Halber- stadt Museum, examined); Hellmayr, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, p. 196, 1917 (crit.). Range. — Upper Amazonia, from the eastern base of the eastern Andes in Colombia and the Caura Valley in Venezuela through eastern Ecuador and the adjoining parts of Brazil (Rio Negro; Rio Solimoes) south to eastern Peru and northern Matto Grosso (Rio Roosevelt). 1: Peru (unspecified, I).1 the black gorget is extended onto the middle of the chest, while the female may be distinguished by paler throat, nearly white instead of bright yellow abdominal line, and yellow instead of dusky feet. The dimensions are even less than in C. c. cherriei. Birds from the upper Rio Negro and Venezuela (Caura Valley) do not appreci- ably differ from Peruvian specimens, and a single native "Bogota" skin also agrees. The type of A. brevirostris, with the obviously erroneous locality "Puerto Cabello," is a perfectly normal example of the present species. Though its identity had already been recognized by Reichenbach, his statement was overlooked by all subsequent authors. Material examined. — Peru: Iquitos, 4. — Colombia: "Bogota," 1. — Brazil: Marabitanas, Rio Negro, 1; Rio Xie, 1; Rio Icanna, 1; Teffe, Rio Solimoes, 1. — Venezuela, Caura Valley: Nicare, 8; Suapure, 2. though labeled "Bogota," this is undoubtedly one of J. Hauxwell's skins from northern Peru. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 267 Genus DAGNIS Cuvier Dacnis Cuvier, Regne Animal, 1, p. 395, "1817" [=Dec. 6, 1816]— type, by virtual monotypy, Motacilla cayana Linnaeus. Cyanodacnis Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 268 — type, by subs, desig. (Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 18, 1886), Motacilla cayana Linnaeus. Polidacnis Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 269 — type, by subs. desig. (Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 18, 1886), Dacnis angelica Bonaparte— Motacilla lineata Gmelin. Eudacnis Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 270 — type, by subs, desig. (Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 18, 1886), Dacnis flaviventer Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny. *Dacnis cayana cayana (Linnaeus). CAYENNE DACNIS. Motacilla cayana Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 336, 1766 — based on "Sylvia cayanensis coerulea" Brisson, Orn., 3, p. 534, pi. 28, fig. I;1 Cayenne (type in coll. of M. de Reaumur). Fringilla cyanomelas Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 924, 1789 — based on "Fringilla caerulea, mento, gula, etc. nigris" Koelreuter, Nov. Comm. Petrop., 11, p. 434, pi. 15, fig. 6 (=male), 1767; "India," errore. Motacilla cyanocephala Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 990, 1789— based on "Sylvia viridis" Brisson, Orn., 3, p. 531, pi. 28, fig. 4; Cayenne (descr. of female; type in coll. of M. de Reaumur). Pipra tricolor Karsten, Mus. Lesk., 1, p. XXIII, Aves, pi. 2, No. 1 (=female), 1789 — "Cape of Good Hope," errore. Certhia spiza (not of Linnaeus) Voigt, Mag. Neuest. Zust. Naturk., 6, (1), p. 16, pi. 1 (=female), 1803 — no locality stated. C[assicus] T. cayanensis Merrem, in Ersch and Gruber, Allgem. Encycl. Wiss., 15, p. 277, 1826— Brazil and Surinam. Nectarinia bicolor Becklemichew, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Imp. Natur. Moscou, 1, p. 378, pi. 23 (=male), 1829 — "climats chauds de I'Am^rique" (type in coll. of S. Becklemichew). Dacnis cyanater Lesson, Trait6 d'Orn., p. 458, 1831 — "Bresil" (type in Paris Museum examined) ; Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 6, p. 70, 1854 (crit.).2 1 Although neither description nor plate indicates the black gular area, as has been pointed out long ago by the late Count Berlepsch (Ibis, 1881, pp. 240-241), authors nowadays agree that Brisson's account, practically the sole basis of Motacilla cayana Linnaeus, cannot well be intended for any other species. It is hardly necessary to add that the "Elotototl" of Hernandez from Mexico, quoted by Linnaeus in the synonymy of his Motacilla cayana, has no relation to the Cayenne Dacnis. 2 The type, an adult male, has no locality attached to it, and there is absolutely no way of telling whence it might have originated, though "Rio de Janeiro," suggested by us in another connection (Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zopl. Ser., 12, p. 268, 1929) as terra typica, is just as likely as any other place. Considering the cir- cumstance that its dimensions (wing, 64; tail, 44; bill, 12 %) furnish no conclusive proof as to subspecific pertinence, it seems best to include the name in the synonymy of D. c, cayana. 268 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Dacnis cyanocephala Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, p. 675, "1848"— British Guiana; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 25, 1868— part, Matto Grosso, Engenho do Gama, Borba, Rio Negro, Marabitanas, Rio Icanna, Barcellos, Forte do Rio Branco, and Para, Brazil. Dacnis cayana Strickland, Contrib. Orn., 1851, p. 15 (crit., synon.); Sclater, I.e., 1851, p. 106 — part, Trinidad, Cayenne, and British Guiana; idem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 22, p. 252, 1854 — part, Trinidad, Guiana, and Cayenne; idem, I.e., 23, p. 137, 1855— "Bogota"; idem, I.e., 25, p. 263, 1857— Ega, Brazil; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 50, 1862— "Bogota," Trinidad, and Cayenne; idem, Ibis, 1863, p. 313 — part, "Bogota," Vene- zuela, Guiana, Amazonia; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 81 — Trinidad; L6otaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 124, 1866— Trinidad; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 570— Para; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 259— part, Ega; idem, I.e., 1875, p. 237 — San Cristobal, Tachira, Venezuela; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 378— Para; Allen, Bull. Essex Inst., 8, p. 78, 1876— Santarem; Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 207 — Bartica Grove, Memm6 Mountains, Camacusa, and Roraima, British Guiana; Riker and Chapman, Auk, 7, p. 266, 1890 — Santarem; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 6, p. 26, 1894— Trinidad; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 15, 1902 — Maipures, Rio Orinoco, and Caura Valley (Suapure, Nicare, La Union, Le Pricion), Venezuela; Hellmayr, I.e., 12, p. 271, 1905— Igarape-Assu, Para; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 1, p. 188, 1906 — Aripo, Trinidad; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 343, 1907 — part, SantarSm; Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 55, p. 292, 1907 — Maraca, Para, Rio Moju, Santo Antonio do Prata, Marajo, Monte Alegre, and Maranhao (Jutahizal), Brazil; Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 110, 1908 — Cayenne and Roche-Marie, French Guiana; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 209, 1913 — Cariaquito, Paria Peninsula, Venezuela; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 463, 1914 — Para, Providencia, Ananindeua, Maguary, Santa Izabel, Santo Antonio do Prata, Rio Moju, Rio Tocantins (Cameta, Baiao, Arumatheua), Rio Tapaj6z (Boim, Pimental), Maraj6 (Santa Anna), Maraca, Monte Alegre, Obidos, Rio Jamunda (Faro), and Maranhao; idem, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 2, No. 6, p. 60, 1926— Anil, Maranhao; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 476, 1921 — numerous localities. Dacnis cayana cayana Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 392, 1902 — part, Guiana, Venezuela, and Colombia; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 10, 1906 — Laventille, Seelet, Chaguaramas, and Caparo, Trinidad; idem, I.e., 13, p. 356, 1906 — Santo Antonio do Prata, Para; idem, I.e., 14, p. 29, 1907— Obidos; idem, I.e., 14, p. 346, 1907— Humayta, Rio Madeira; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 1, p. 357, 1908 — Carenage and Aripo, Trinidad; Beebe, Zoologica (N.Y.), 1, p. 102, 1909— Guanoco, Orinoco Delta, Venezuela; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 269, 1910— Santa Izabel, Rio Preto, Rio Madeira; Hellmayr and Seilern, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 50, 1912 — Las Quiguas, Cumbre Chiquita, and San Esteban, Carabobo, Venezuela; Hellmayr, Abhandl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Phys. Kl., 26, No. 2, pp. 6, 87, 1912— Para district; Beebe, Zoologica (N.Y.), 2, p. 98, 1916— Utinga, Para; Cherrie, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 165, 1916 — Orinoco region; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 584, 1917 — La Morelia, Florencia, and Villavicencio, Colombia 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 269 (crit.); Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 84, 1918— vicinity of Paramaribo and Rijskijkweg, Dutch Guiana; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 267, 1929— Tury-assu and Sao Luiz, Maranhao (crit.); Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 175, 1928— Para; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 362, 1930— Rio Roosevelt, Matto Grosso. Dacnis cayana subsp. typica Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 20, 1886 — part, spec, k-r, Trinidad, Bartica Grove, Roraima, Camacusa, Cayenne, and Para. Dacnis cyanomelas Bonaparte, Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, 2, p. 31, 1857 — Cayenne; Berlepsch, Ibis, 1881, p. 241 (crit., nomencl.); idem, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 4, p. 184, 1887— "Bogota." Dacnis nigripes (not of Pelzeln) Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 16, p. 269, 1864 — Cayenne and northern Brazil (crit.). Range. — Northern South America, from the forested coast dis- trict of Maranhao, Marajo, the Guianas and Trinidad through Amazonia and Venezuela west to the eastern foot of the eastern Andes in Colombia, and to the Rio Solimoes and Rio Madeira in Brazil, extending south to northern Matto Grosso (Villa Bella, Rio Guapore"; Rio Roosevelt).1 15: French Guiana (Saint- Jean-du-Maroni, 1); Dutch Guiana (Paramaribo, 1); British Guiana (Mazaruni River, 2); Brazil (Boa Vista, Rio Branco, 1; Serra da Lua, 1; Rio Maycuru, 1; Manaos, 1; Utinga, Para, 4; Sao Luiz, Maranhao, 2; Tury-assu, Maranhao, 1). 1 Birds from Amazonia and Venezuela are apparently inseparable from a Guianan series, the throat being deep black in the male, and distinctly bluish gray in the female sex. Specimens from northern Matto Grosso are referred by Mrs. Naumburg to typical cayana, to which a single adult male from the Rio Roosevelt (6th of March Rapids) seems actually to belong. In the western section of the state the present form obviously intergrades with D. c. glaucogularis. A female from Engenho do Gama, Rio Guapore', agrees in coloration with cayana, but is larger, while a male from the same locality closely approaches the Bolivian race in the more greenish blue general plumage, as well as in the less blackish throat. In natiye "Bogota" collections typical cayana is found along with males that cannot be distinguished from glaucogularis, and others more or less intermediate between the two as to the color of the dark gular area. Of course, nothing is known regard- ing the exact origin of these specimens, and the distribution of the two races in Colombia east of the Andes remains to be determined. It will be noted, however, that Chapman (Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 584, 1917) considers birds from Villavicencio and the Caqueta region to be inseparable from the Guianan form. A single male from Roraima is unusually large. Additional material examined. — French Guiana: Cayenne, 14; Roche Marie, 2; Saint-Jean-du-Maroni, 1. — British Guiana: Roraima, 1. — Trinidad: Santa Cruz, 2; Carenage, 4; Caparo, 4; Laventille, 2; Seelet, 1; Chaguaramas, 1; Aripo, 3. — Venezuela: hinterland of Cumana, 4; Caura Valley, 15; Maipures, Rio Orinoco, 4; Las Quiguas, Carabobo, 3; Cumbre Chiquita, Carabobo, 6; San Esteban, 3. — Brazil: Igarape-Assu, Para, 2; Santo Antonio do Prata, 1; Para, 1; Mangos, 1; Barcellos, 1; Marabitanas, Rio Negro, 1; Obidos, 1; Borba, Rio Madeira, 3; Humayta, Rio Madeira, 2; Engenho do Gama, Rio Guapore, 2; Rio Roosevelt, Matto Grosso, 1. — Colombia: "Bogota," 3. 270 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII *Dacnis cayana paraguayensis Chubb.1 PARAGUAYAN DACNIS. Dacnis cayana paraguayensis Chubb, Ibis, (9), 4, p. 619, 1910 — "Paraguay, Matto Grosso, and southeastern Brazil" (type from Sapucay, Paraguay, in British Museum); Menegaux, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., 11, p. 6, 1919 — Villa Lutetia, San Ignacio, Misiones; Holt, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 57, p. 319, 1928— Monte Serrat, Itatiaya; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 267, 1929— Maranhao (Tranqueira, B6a Fe, Barra do Corda) and Ceara (Serra de Baturite) (crit.); Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 363, 1930— Tapirapoan and Utiarity, Matto Grosso. Nectarinia cyanocephala (not Motacilla cyanocephala Gmelin) Swainson, Zool. Illust., 2, pi. 117 (male, female), 1822— Brazil. Dacnis cyanocephala Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870. p. 435 — Minas Geraes (Nascimento, Barbacena, Lagda Santa, Sete Lag6as)> Sao Paulo (Uberaba, Hytu, Araras), and Rio de Janeiro (Nova Friburgo, Taipu). Coereba caerulea (not Certhia caerulea Linnaeus) Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), p. 766, 1831— Rio de Janeiro (crit.). Dacnis cyanomelas (notFringilla cyanomelas Gmelin) Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 153, 1856 — Nova Friburgo, Rio, and Lagda Santa, Minas Geraes; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 25, 1868 — part, Rio de Janeiro, Sapitiba, Ypanema, and Goyaz, Brazil; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 235, 1873 — Blumenau, Santa Catharina (crit.) ; Boucard and Berlepsch, The Humming Bird, 2, p. 43, 1892— Porto Real, Rio de Janeiro. Dacnis cayana (not Motacilla cayana Linnaeus) Sclater, Contrib. Orn., 1851, p. 106 — part, Rio de Janeiro; idem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 22, p. 252, 1854 — part, "Brasilia orientalis"; idem, Ibis, 1863, p. 314 — part, southern Brazil; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 16, p. 268, 1864— Bahia and southern Brazil (monog.); Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 84, 1874 — Can- tagallo, Rio de Janeiro; Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 330 — Pernambuco; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 3, p. 347, 1891— Chapada, Matto Grosso; Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 141, 1899 — Iguape, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 1 Dacnis cayana paraguayensis Chubb: Very similar to D. c. cayana, but larger, with longer bill; coloration of males less intensely blue; female without any bluish tinge on the throat, the latter being dingy or yellowish gray. The characters of this race are most strongly developed in Paraguay and the adjoining states of southern Brazil (Santa Catharina and Sao Paulo). Specimens from this part of the range are invariably large with long, heavy bills, when com- pared to a series of the northern cayana, and the plumage of the adult males is con- spicuously more greenish blue. Similar individuals also occur in the more northern parts of Brazil, though their bills are, as a rule, shorter and slenderer. Other specimens from Bahia and Pernambuco, however, are hardly different in dimen- sions from typical cayana. Birds from the tableland of Matto Grosso are intermediate to glaucogularis. The black of the dorsal area in adult males is as dull as in the latter form, and the coloration of the throat is also very similar, though less suffused with greenish; females, however, are more like paraguayensis. It is really a matter of personal preference to refer them to one rather than to the other race. Additional specimens examined. — Paraguay: Sapucay, 3. — Brazil: Joinville, Santa Catharina, 71; Sao Paulo, 10; Sapitiba, Rio de Janeiro, 3; Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, 4; Agua Suja, near Bagagem, Minas Geraes, 6; Bahia, 2; Pao d'Alho, Pernambuco, 2; Oro, Piauhy, 1; Barra do Galiota, Maranhao, 1; Goyaz, 5; Chapada, Matto Grosso, 9. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 271 4, p. 152, 1900 — Cantagallo and Nova Friburgo, Rio; idem, I.e., p. 208, 1900 (nest and eggs); Nicoll, Ibis, 1904, p. 40 — Bahia; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 343, 1907 — part, Sao Paulo (IguapS, Sao Sebastiao, Ubatuba, Itatiba, Piquete, Cachoeira, Itarare1, Avanhandava), Parana (Ourinho), Minas Geraes (Vargem Alegre), Rio de Janeiro (Ilha Grande), Espirito Santo (Porto Cachoeiro), Santa Catharina (Joinville), and Rio Grande do Sul (Novo Hamburgo); Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 86, 1910— Pernambuco (Pao d'Alho, near Recife), Piauhy (Oro), and Maranhao (Barra do Galiota); Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 2, No. 6, p. 41, 1926— Ceara. Dacnis cayana cayana Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 26, 1908 — Goyaz (crit.). Range. — Paraguay; northeastern Argentina (Misiones); eastern and southern Brazil from Rio Grande do Sul and Matto Grosso north to Ceara, Piauhy, and the interior of Maranhao. 22: Brazil, Maranhao (Tranqueira, 1; Boa FC", 1; Barra do Corda, Ponto, 1); Ceara (Serra de Baturite', 4); Bahia (Santo Amaro, 2; Bahia, 1) ; Minas Geraes (Rio das Velhas, near Lag6a Santa, 1) ; Sao Paulo (Bauru, 6; Sao Sebastiao, 1); Matto Grosso (Chapada, 4). *Dacnis cayana glaucogularis Berlepsch and Stolzmann.1 DULL- THROATED DACNIS. Dacnis cayana glaucogularis Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 336 — La Gloria and La Merced, Chanchamayo, Dept. Junin, Peru (type, from La Merced, in Warsaw Museum; cf. Sztolcman and Domaniewski, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 6, p. 179, 1927); idem, Ornis, 13, pp. 77, 108, 1906 — Idma (Santa Ana), Huaynapata, and Rio Cadena, Dept. Cuzco, Peru; M6n6gaux, Rev. Frang. d'Orn., 2, p. 9, 1911 — Nuevo Loreto, Peru; Hellmayr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911, p. 1096 (range); idem, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 247, 1921— Yuracares, Bolivia (crit., range); Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35, p. 459, 1918 — Pericho, Peru; Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 116, 1921— Idma, Urubamba, Peru; idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 643, 1926— Zamora and below San Jos6, Ecuador; Laubmann, Wissens. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 300, 1930— Buena Vista, Santa Cruz, Bolivia (crit.). Dacnis cyanater (not of Lesson) Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 21, 1837 — Yuracares and "Chiquitos," Bolivia. Dacnis cyanocephalus (not Motacilla cyanocephala Gmelin) d'Orbigny, Voy. Am6r. Merid., Ois., p. 221, 1836 — Rio Tanampaya (Yungas), Santa Cruz de la Sierra, and Yuracares, Bolivia. 1 Dacnis cayana glaucogularis Berlepsch and Stolzmann: Similar to D. c. cayana and about the same size, but black of throat and mantle in adult males less intense, more or less obscured by greenish tips or edges; female not certainly dis- tinguishable. Bolivian males are generally of a more greenish blue coloration, verging toward D. c. paraguayensis, but quite similar examples may also be encountered in "Bogota" and Peru. Additional specimens examined. — Colombia: "Bogota," 4. — Peru: Nuevo Loreto, 1; La Merced, Chanchamayo, 3; Pozuzo, Huanuco, 3; Chaquimayo, Carabaya, 1. — Bolivia: Simacu, 1; Buenavista, Prov. del Sara, 6. 272 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Dacnis cayana (not Motadlla cayana Linnaeus) Sclater, Contrib. Orn., p. 106, 1851 — part, Peru and Bolivia ("Chiquitos"); idem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 22, p. 110, 1854 — Quijos, Ecuador; idem, I.e., p. 252, 1854— part, Peru and Bolivia; idem, I.e., 26, p. 61, 1858 — Rio Napo, Ecuador; idem, I.e., p. 452, 1858— Gualaquiza, Ecuador; idem, Ibis, 1863, p. 313— part, Bolivia and Peru (Chamicuros) ; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 179— lower Ucayali, Peru; idem, I.e., 1867, p. 749— Xeberos, Peru; idem, I.e., p. 977— Pebas, Peru; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 259— part, Peruvian localities (lower Ucayali, Xeberos, Chamicuros, Pebas); idem, I.e., 1879, p. 597 — Bolivia (d'Orbigny's localities); Taczanowski, I.e., 1874, p. 510— Monterico, Peru; idem, I.e., 1882, p. 9— Huambo, Peru; idem, Orn. Per., 1, p. 428, 1884— Peruvian localities; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 80, 1889— Mapiri and Falls of the Madeira, Bolivia. Dacnis cayana subsp. typica Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 20, 1886 — part, spec, f-j, Pebas, Chamicuros, Sarayacu, Simacu, and Bolivia. Dacnis cyanomelas (not Fringilla cyanomelas Gmelin) Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 294, 1889 — Tarapoto and Yurimaguas, Peru. Range. — Tropical zone of upper Amazonia, from northern Bolivia through eastern Peru north to eastern Ecuador (?) and southeastern Colombia. 10: Peru (Moyobamba, 2; Vista Alegre, Huanuco, 2; Rio Colorado, Chanchamayo, 1; San Ramon, 1); Bolivia (Buenavista, 4). *Dacnis cayana coerebicolor Sclater.1 PURPLE-BLUE DACNIS. Dacnis coerebicolor Sclater, Contrib. Orn., 1851, pp. 106-112 — "New Granada (?)"=Bogota collections (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum); idem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 22, p. 252, 1854 — "Nova Grenada"; idem, I.e., 23, p. 137, 1855 — Bogota; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 51, 1862— Bogota; idem, Ibis, 1863, p. 314— Bogota collections (crit.); Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 16, p. 270, 1864— Bogota; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 324 — Bucaramanga; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 497 — Remedios, Antioquia; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 286, 1884— Bucaramanga; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 21, pi. 3, 1886 — Bogota and Remedios, Colombia; Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 481, 1898— Paramba, Ecuador; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 318 — Santo Domingo, Ecuador; Menegaux, Miss. Serv. Geog. Armee Mes. Arc Merid. Equat., 9, p. B. 87, 1911 — Santo Domingo, Ecuador. 1 Dacnis cayana coerebicolor Sclater is the most deeply colored among the races of this group, the male being recognizable by the purplish blue tone of the plumage. The female differs from that of the allied races (cayana and glaucogularis) by the much deeper blue color of the top and sides of the head. Birds from the Pacific slope of Colombia and Ecuador are on average paler, and connect the intensely colored Magdalena Valley variety with D. c. napaea, of the Santa Marta district, as has been explained by Hellmayr and Chapman. Further subdivision seems, however, unwarranted, since a good many individuals from the two regions are practically indistinguishable. Additional specimens examined. — Colombia: Bucaramanga, 1; "Bogota," 12; Remedios, Antioquia, 1; Noanama, 4; Novita, 5; Tado, Rio San Juan, 3; Sipi, Rio Sipi, 3; Jimenez, 16; Rio Oscuro, Cauca, 1. — Ecuador: Paramba, 6; Lita, 2. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 273 Dacnis cayana coerebicolor Hellmayr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911, p. 1095 — Noanama, Novita, Tado, Sipi, Jimenez, and Rio Oscuro, western Colombia (crit.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 584, 1917 — Juntas de Tamana, Novita, San Jose, Barbacoas, Buenavista (Narifto), Puerto Valdivia, near Honda, "Bogota," and Andalucia, Colombia (crit.) ; idem, I.e., 55, p. 643, 1926 — Esmeraldas, Rio de Oro, and Naranjo, Ecuador (crit.). Dacnis cayana (not Motacilla cayana Linnaeus) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 496 — Remedies, Antioquia. Range. — Tropical zone of western Ecuador and Colombia, east to the Magdalena Valley, excepting the Santa Marta region. 4: Colombia (Rio Bariatou, 2; Jime'nez, 1; "Bogota," 1). Dacnis cayana napaea Bangs.1 SANTA MARTA DACNIS. Dacnis napaea Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 143, 1898 — Santa Marta, Colombia (type in coll. of E. A. and O. Bangs, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 396, 1930); Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 174, 1900— Bonda and Cacagualito. Dacnis cayana napaea Hellmayr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911, p. 1096 — Santa Marta district (crit.). Dacnis coerebicolor napaea Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 460, 1922 — Fundacion, Tucurinca, Mamatoco, La Tigrera, Trojas de Cataca, and Don Diego (crit., habits); Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 414, 1931— Rio Frio, Magdalena, Colombia. Range. — Lower Tropical zone of northern Colombia, in the Santa Marta region, east to Dibulla, south to Fundacion. *Dacnis cayana ultramarina Lawrence. ULTRAMARINE DACNIS. Dacnis ultramarina Lawrence, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 16, p. 106, 1864 — Isthmus of Panama [=Lion Hill, Panama Railroad] (type in coll. of Geo. N. Lawrence, now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Cassin, I.e., p. 269, 1864 — Isthmus of Panama (crit.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 348 — Panama Railroad; Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, p. 180, 1865— Greytown, Nica- ragua; idem, I.e., 9, p. 97, 1868 — Angostura, Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 297, 1869— Costa Rica; Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 185 — Chepo, Panama; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 244, 1883 — Nicaragua (Chontales, Greytown), Costa Rica (Angos- tura), and Panama (Chepo and railroad line); Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 487, 1893 — Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 2, p. 28, 1900— Loma del Leon, Panama. Dacnis cayana subsp. ultramarina Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 20, 1886 — Nicaragua (Chontales), "Veragua," and Panama (Chepo, Lion Hill). 1 Dacnis cayana napaea Bangs: Male intermediate in coloration between D. c. coerebicolor and D. c. ultramarina, the tone of the plumage being an intense cobalt blue; female not distinguishable in color from D. c. coerebicolor; bill decidedly longer than in either of the two races. Wing, 68, (female) 62-64 ; tail, 45-48; bill, 14-15. Material examined. — Santa Marta: Don Amo, 2; Bonda, 2; Cacagualito, 1. 274 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Dacnis eayana ultramarina Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 394, 1902 — Isthmus of Panama to eastern Nicaragua (monog.); Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, p. 221, 1906 — savanna of Panama; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 821, 1910 — Bonilla and El Hogar, Costa Rica; Hellmayr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911, p. 1096 (range); Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 277, 1918— Gatun, Panama; Bangs and Barbour, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 225, 1922 — Mount Sapo, Darien; Peters, I.e., 71, p. 339, 1931 — Almirante, Panama; Griscom, I.e., 72, p. 367, 1932— Perm6 and Obaldia, eastern Panama (crit.). Dacnis coerebicolor (not of Sclater) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 291, 1861— Panama Railroad. Dacnis eayana (not Moiacilla eayana Linnaeus) Salvin, Ibis, 1872, p. 315 — Chontales, Nicaragua (crit.). Dacnis sp. Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 339, p. 3, 1899 — Punta de Sabana, Darien. Range. — Tropical zone of eastern Nicaragua (Greytown, Rio Escondido, Chontales), eastern Costa Rica, and Panama, practically as far east as the Colombian boundary.1 2: Panama. *Dacnis eayana callaina Bangs.2 CHIRIQU! DACNIS. Dacnis eayana callaina Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, p. 154, 1905 — Divala, Chiriqui, Panama (type in coll. of E. A. and O. Bangs, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 396, 1930); idem, I.e., 19, p. Ill, 1906— Pozo Azul de Pirris, Costa Rica (crit.); idem, Auk, 24, p. 308, 1907— Boruca and Paso Real, Costa Rica; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 820, 1910 — El General de Ten-aba, Pozo Azul de Pirris, and Boruca, Costa Rica (range); Hellmayr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911, p. 1096 (range). Dacnis eayana (not Motacilla eayana Linnaeus) Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 185 — Mina de Chorcha, Chiriqui; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 244, 1883 — part, Panama (Mina de Chorcha). Dacnis eayana subsp. typica Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 20, 1886 — part, spec, a-c, Volcan de Chiriqui and Bugaba, Chiriqui. 1 Birds from eastern Costa Rica agree with topotypes from the Canal Zone, while males from Darien, by their more purplish coloration, form the transition to the races of northwestern South America. Material examined. — Costa Rica: Pacuarito, 1; Siquirres, Rio Reventazon, 2. — Panama: Panama, 5; savanna of Panama, 2; Chepo, 1; Mount Sapo, 4. 3 Dacnis eayana callaina Bangs: Very similar to D. c. glaucogularis, but on average smaller, with much shorter, slenderer bill, and coloration of males decidedly more greenish blue. This well-marked form has a very limited range, being restricted to extreme western Panama and western Costa Rica. It is quite distinct from the Ultra- marine Dacnis of eastern Costa Rica, but closely resembles the widely separated Peruvian race. Additional material examined. — Panama: Bugaba, Chiriqui, 2. — Costa Rica: Pozo Azul de Pirris, 6. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 275 Dacnis cayana cayana Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 392, 1902— part, Chiriqui. Dacnis ultramarina (not of Lawrence) Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 108, 1887 — Las Trojas de Puntarenas; Cherrie, Anal. Inst. Fis.- Geog. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 4, p. 137, 1893 — T&raba, Costa Rica; Bangs, Auk, 18, p. 369, 1901— Divala, Chiriqui. Range. — Tropical zone of western Panama (Chiriqui) and south- western Costa Rica, north to the Rio Grande de Tarcoles. 2: Costa Rica (Boruca, 1; T<§rraba Valley, 1). *Dacnis lineata (Gmelin). WHITE-VENTED DACNIS. Motacilla lineata Gmelin,1 Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 990, 1789— based on "Le Pitpit a coiffe bleue" Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois. (ed. Impr. Roy.), 6, p. 211, 1783; Cayenne. C[assicus] d[acnis] tricolor Merrem, in Ersch and Gruber, Allg. Encycl. Wiss., 15, p. 282, 1826— based on "Pitpit a coiffe bleue" Mauduyt, Enc. Meth., Hist. Nat., Ois., 2, p. 381, 1784; Cayenne. Dacnis angelica (Filippi MS.) Bonaparte, Atti Sesta Riun. Sci. Ital. Milano, p. 404 (note), 1845 — Brazil (descr. male; type in Milan Museum); Filippi, Mus. Mediol., Anim. Vertebr., Cl. 2, p. 30, 1847 (crit.); Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, (2), p. 400, 1850 (descr.); Sclater, Contrib. Orn., 1851, p. 107 (diag., crit., range); idem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 22, p. 110, 1854 — Quijos, Ecuador; idem, I.e., p. 252, 1854 (range); idem, I.e., 23, p. 137, 1855— Bogot4 (crit.); idem, I.e., 25, p. 263, 1857— Ega, Brazil; idem, I.e., 26, p. 452, 1858 — Gualaquiza, Ecuador; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 51, 1862— Bogota; idem, Ibis, 1863, p. 315— New Grenada (crit.); Salvadori, Atti Accad. Sci. Torino, 2, p. 260, 1868 (crit.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 597 — Yuracares, Bolivia (ex d'Orbigny); Salvin, Cat. Strickl. Coll., p. 176, 1882— Cayenne; Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 429, 1884 — Peru (Ucayali, Xeberos, Chamicuros, Pebas, Monterico, Huambo, Cosnipata, Moyobamba); Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 207 — Bartica Grove, British Guiana; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 22, 1886 — Cayenne, British Guiana (Bartica Grove, Demerara), Bogota, Ecuador (Sarayacu, "Intaj"), and Peru (Pebas, Ucayali River); Berlepsch, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 4, p. 184, 1887— Bogota; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 80, 1889— "Mapiri" and Falls of the Rio Madeira, Bolivia; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 294, 1889 — Tarapoto, Peru; idem and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 337 — La Merced, Borgona, and Garita del Sol, Peru; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 1 Motacilla lineata Gmelin is exclusively based upon Button's "Pitpit a coiffe bleue" [and Latham's "Blue-striped Warbler" (Gen. Syn. Bds., 2, (2), p. 504), which is merely an English translation of Buffon's account]. Gmelin's description is faulty in various respects, and refers to the white abdominal area as "lutescens," while the two colors on the top and sides of the head are mixed up. Buffon's account, however, cannot well apply to any other species, as has been pointed out by Mr. Zimmer (Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 423, 1930). Moreover, it is more than probable that Buffon gained his knowledge of the species from Mauduyt, who gives an excellent characterization of the White-vented Dacnis under the same vernacular name, viz., "Pitpit a coiffe bleue." 276 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 357, p. 12, 1899 — Zamora, Ecuador; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornia, 13, p. 108, 1906 — Huaynapata and Rio Cadena, Peru; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 343, 1907 (range); Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 55, p. 292, 1907— Para and Rio Purus; Menegaux, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (9), 10, p. 92, 1908 — upper Napo, Ecuador; Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 9, 1908 — Antimary, Rio Acre, Brazil; Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 110, 1908— Cayenne; Penard, Vog. Guyana, 2, p. 472, 1910 — Surinam; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 464, 1914 — Para and Rio Acre (Antimary); Chap- man, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 584, 1917 — La Morelia, Caqueta, Colombia; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 478, 1921 — Bonasika, Arawai, Arwye Creek, and Bartica, British Guiana; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 175, 1928— Para. Dacnis melanotis Strickland, Contrib. Orn., 1851, Part 1, p. 16, Jan., 1851 — Cayenne and "Demerara" (crit., excl. PL Enl., pi. 669, fig. 1; type, from Cayenne, in Strickland Collection, now in Cambridge (Engl.) University Museum); Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 51, 1862 — Cayenne; idem, Ibis, 1863, p. 315 — Cayenne, Peru (Rio Ucayali), and Bolivia (monog.; excl. Lag6a Santa, Brazil); Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 269 — Cayenne and Rio Negro; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 179 — upper and lower Ucayali, Peru; idem, I.e., 1867, p. 749 — Xeberos, Peru; idem, I.e., 1867, p. 977 — Pebas, Peru; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 185 — Cosnipata, Dept. Cuzco, Peru; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 259— upper and lower Ucayali, Xeberos, Pebas. Dacnis arcangelica Bonaparte, Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, 2, p. 31, 1857 — new name for D. angelica auct. ex Bogota.1 Dacnis modesta Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 64, 1873 — Monterico, Dept. Ayacucho, Peru (descr. female; type in Warsaw Museum; cf. Sztolcman and Domaniewski, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 6, p. 179, 1927); Tac- zanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 510 — Monterico; idem, I.e., 1882, p. 9— Huambo, Peru; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 295, 1889 (crit.). Sylvia cayana (not Motacilla cayana Linnaeus) Vieillot and Oudart, Gal. Ois., 1, (2), p. 269, pi. 165 (=male), circa 1824 — "en Amerique sous la z6ne torride." Dacnis cayanus d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Merid., Ois., p. 221, 1836 — Yuracares, Bolivia (descr. male); Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 20, 1837— Yuracares, Bolivia. Dacnis cayana Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, p. 675, "1848" — British Guiana; Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 153, 1856 — part, descr. adult male and female; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 25, 1868 — Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira, and Engenho do Gama, Matto Grosso; Salvador!, Atti Accad. Sci. Torino, 2, p. 261, 1868 (synon.). Dacnis angelica melanotis Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 12, p. 271, 1905 — Igarape- Assu, Para. 1 The author merely says, "angelica ex Bogota, auct., sane diversa." The slightly brighter tinge of the plumage in Colombian examples having been remarked upon by Sclater (Contrib. Orn., 1851, Part 3, p. 108; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 137, 1855), Bonaparte's name just escapes being a nomen nudum. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 277 Dacnis angelica angelica Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 270, 1910 — Calama, Rio Madeira (crit.); idem, Abhandl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Phys. KL, 26, No. 2, p. 87, 1912— Para (Para, Igarape-Assu, Benevides); idem, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 246, 1921— Cayenne, British Guiana, and Para district; Beebe, Zoologica (N.Y.), 2, p. 98, 1916— Utinga, Para. Dacnis angelica arcangelica Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, pp. 246, 247, 1921 — upper Amazonia; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 644, 1926 — Zamora, Macas region, Rio Suno, and below San Jose, eastern Ecuador. Dacnis lineata Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 84, 1918 — Javaweg, Surinam (crit.); Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 422, 1930 — Vista Alegre, Huanuco, and Rio Colorado, Chanchamayo, Junm (crit.). Dacnis lineata lineata Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 363, 1930 — Rio Roosevelt (Panda Rapids) and Utiarity, Matto Grosso. Range. — French, Dutch, and British Guiana, and Amazonia, from Pard west to the eastern base of the Andes in southeastern Colombia (Caqueta), Ecuador, and Peru, and south to eastern Bolivia (Falls of the Madeira, Yuracares) and northern Matto Grosso (Rio Roosevelt, Utiarity, Engenho do Gama).1 10: Peru (Moyobamba, 1; Nuevo Loreto, 1; Vista Alegre, Huanuco, 4; Rio Colorado, Chanchamayo, Junin, 3); Brazil (Utinga, Para, 1). *Dacnis lineata egregia Sclater.2 YELLOW-VENTED DACNIS. 1 After examining adequate series of the White-vented Dacnis I am bound to concur with Mr. Zimmer's contention that subdivision of the species is impracti- cable. The alleged difference in the coloration of .the females proves to be non- existent, while the slight variation in the blue of the male sex seems altogether too unstable to merit recognition in nomenclature. At all events, specimens from the south side of the Amazon valley (Para, Caviana, Rio Purus) and from Peru are inseparable from a Guianan series. Males from Tonantins (north bank of the Rio Solimoes), Bogota, and Cuembi, Colombia, are as a rule of a slightly paler and more greenish blue hue, but they are precisely matched by certain individuals from Peru (Nuevo Loreto) and Brazil (Nova Olinda, Rio Purus). Material examined. — French Guiana: Cayenne, 4; Pied Saut, Oyapock, 4; Tamanoir, Mana River, 2. — Brazil: Para, 1; Igarape-Assu, 1; Benevides, 2; Utinga, Para, 1; Caviana, Rio Solimoes, 1; Tonantins, Rio Solimoes, 3; Calama, 1; Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira, 1; Engenho do Gama, Matto Grosso, 1; Nova Olinda, Rio Purus, 5. — Peru (see above). — Colombia: "Bogota," 6; Cuembi, Rio Putumayo, 8. 2 Dacnis lineata egregia Sclater differs in the male sex by yellow instead of white under wing, under tail coverts, and abdominal patch, as well as more greenish hue of the blue areas, particularly underneath, while the female is chiefly dis- tinguished by more yellowish abdomen and under wing coverts. This bird, heretofore treated as a distinct species, is clearly but a geographical representative of the White-vented Dacnis, which it replaces west of the eastern Andes in the Tropical zone of the Magdalena and other river valleys of Colombia. It is frequently met with in native Bogota collections. Material examined. — Colombia: Honda, 4; Remedies, 1; Bucaramanga, 1; "Bogota," 12. 278 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Dacnis egregia Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 22, "1854," p. 251, pub. April, 1855 — "in Nova Grenada" = Bogota (type in British Museum); idem, I.e., 23, p. 137, 1855— Bogota; idem, Ibis, 1863, p. 316— part, Bogota collec- tions; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 270— Colombia; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 497 — Remedies and Neche, Antioquia; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 286, 1884 — Bucaramanga (crit.); Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 22, 1886— part, spec, a-f, Bogota and Remedies, Colombia. Dacnis egregia egregia Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 585, 1917 — Honda, Chicoral, and Purificaci6n, Magdalena Valley, Colombia. Range. — Tropical zone of the Magdalena Valley (Honda, Chi- coral, Purification), its tributaries (Rio Lebrija; Remedios, Rio Ite*), and the lower Cauca (Rio Neche), Colombia. 4: Colombia (Bogota, 1; El Tambor, Santander, 2; unspecified, 1). *Dacnis lineata aequatorialis Berlepsch and Taczanowski.1 EQUATORIAL DACNIS. Dacnis egregia aequatorialis Berlepsch and Taczanowski,1 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 543 — Chimbo, Ecuador (type in Warsaw Museum; cf. Sztolcman and Domaniewski, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 6, p. 179, 1927); Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 69, 1889— Ecuador (crit.); Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 481, 1898— Chimbo; Mene"gaux, Miss. Serv. Geogr. Armee Mes. Arc M6rid. Equat., 9, p. B. 87, 1911 — Santo Domingo; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 644, 1926 — Esmeraldas, Rio de Oro, Naranjo, and Rios Coco and Chimbo. Dacnis egregia (not of Sclater, 1855) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 65, 1860— Pallatanga; idem, I.e., p. 85, 1860— Nanegal; idem, I.e., p. 274, 1860— Babahoyo; idem, I.e., p. 292, 1860— Esmeraldas; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds.', p. 51, pi. 7 (male and female), 1862 — Esmeraldas and Nanegal; idem, Ibis, 1863, p. 316 — part, western Ecuador (Nanegal, Esmeraldas); Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 22, 1886— part, spec, a-g, "Napo" (errore), Nanegal, and Esmeraldas, Ecuador; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 12, 1899— Gualea; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 318 — Nanegal, Gualea, and Intac. Range. — Tropical zone of western Ecuador, from Esmeraldas south to Chimbo. 2: Ecuador (Puente de Chimbo, 2). 1 Dacnis lineata aequatorialis Berlepsch and Taczanowski: Very similar to D. 1. egregia, but plumage of male, especially humeral area, rump, and under parts, decidedly more greenish with the under wing coverts and abdominal patch of a richer yellow; female with throat and foreneck more grayish, thus pointing to D. I. lineata. Material examined. — Western Ecuador (Chimbo, Nanegal, Gualea, Intac) : 12. 2 [D. egregia] b. aequatorialis Berlepsch (Journ. Orn., 21, p. 69, 1873) is a nomen nudum. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 279 Dacnis viguieri Salvin and Godman.1 VIGUIER'S DACNIS. Dacnis viguieri (Oustalet MS.) Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 246, pi. ISA, fig. 3, 1883 — Isthmus of Panama, Darien (type in Paris Museum examined); Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 23, 1886 — Isthmus of Darien; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 396, 1902 — Isthmus of Panama. Range. — Eastern Panama (Isthmus of Darien). Dacnis flaviventer Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny. YELLOW-BELLIED DACNIS. Dacnis flaviventer Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 21, 1837 — Yuracares, Bolivia (descr. male and female; types in Paris Museum examined); d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Me>id., Ois., p. 220, pi. 13, fig. 2, 1837— Yuracares, Bolivia; Sclater, Contrib. Orn., 1851, p. 108 — Bolivia (Yuracares) and Barra do Rio Negro (diag.); Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 431, 1884 — Peru (Ucayali, Sarayacu, Pebas, and Nauta); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 42, 1907— Teffe, Rio Solimoes; Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 9; 1908 — Bom Lugar and Ponto Alegre, Rio Purus; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 270, 1910 — Calama and Marmellos, Rio Madeira; idem, I.e., 28, p. 248, 1921 — Bolivia (note on types); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. EL, 55, p. 644, 1926— below San Jose, Ecuador; Naumburg, I.e., 60, p. 364, 1930 — Rio Roosevelt (Panda Rapids), Matto Grosso. Dacnis flaviventris Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 22, p. 252, 1854 — Bolivia and Cisandean Peru; idem, I.e., 25, p. 263, 1857 — Ega, Rio Solimoes, Brazil; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 51, 1862 — upper Amazon; idem, Ibis, 1863, p. 316 — Rio "Jauari" [=Javarri], above Tabatinga, and Yuracares (descr. male); Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 270— Peru; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 179— upper and lower Ucayali and Sarayacu, Peru; idem, I.e., 1867, p. 977 —Pebas, Peru; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 25, 1868— Barra do Rio Negro [ = Manaos], Brazil; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 185 — Cosnipata, Peru; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 259 — Ucayali, Sarayacu, Pebas, and Rio Javarri; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 597 — Yuracares, Bolivia; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 23, 1886— Bolivia, Peru (Ucayali, Pebas, and Iquitos), and Ecuador (Sarayacu); Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 294, 1889 — Yurimaguas, Peru; Salvador! and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 12, 1899 — Zamora, Ecuador; Berlepsch and 1 Dacnis viguieri Salvin and Godman, known only from a single adult male in the Paris Museum, is allied to D. lineata, which it resembles in form and propor- tions, but differs from by various striking characters. While recalling D. lineata aequatorialis in its greenish blue general coloration, it lacks the broad black area on the sides of the head, there being but a narrow loral streak of that color running from the bill to the anterior angle of the eye, and the yellow abdominal patch is altogether absent. Moreover, the upper wing coverts, which are black in all the races of D. lineata, are light yellowish green, more greenish blue along the outer web, only the smallest being basally black with greenish blue tips; the axillars and under wing coverts soiled grayish, not pure white as in D. L lineata or bright yellow as in D. L egregia and D. I. aequatorialis; the under tail coverts dull greenish yellow, broadly margined with greenish blue. Wing, 58; tail, 38. 280 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 16, 1902 — Nicare, Caura River, Venezuela; Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, p. 432, 1905 — Rio Jurua, Brazil; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 343, 1907 — Rio Jurua; Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 498, 1908— Goyana, Rio Tapaj6z; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 464, 1914 — Rio Iriri (Santa Julia), Rio Tapaj6z (Goyana), Rio Jamauchim (Santa Elena), and Rio Purus (Bom Lugar, Ponto Alegre); Cherrie, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 165, 1916 — Nicare, Caura, Venezuela. Range. — Upper Amazonia, from the eastern base of the eastern Andes of Colombia south through Ecuador and Peru to northern Bolivia (Yuracares; Rio San Mateo) and northern Matto Grosso (Rio Roosevelt), east to Venezuela (Nicare, Caura Valley) and northern Brazil (Manaos and Rio Tapajoz).1 Dacnis nigripes Pelzeln.2 BLACK-LEGGED DACNIS. Dacnis nigripes Pelzeln, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturw. Cl., 20, (1), p. 154, pi. 1, figs. 1 (male), 2 (female), 1856— "Nuovo" [=Nova] Friburgo, Proc. Rio de Janeiro (types in Vienna Museum examined); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 25, p. 263, 1857— Brazil (crit.); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 51, 1862— Brazil; idem, Ibis, 1863, p. 314— Nova Friburgo (crit.); Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 25 (note), 1868 — Nova Friburgo; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 21, pp. 69, 237, 1873 — Nova Friburgo, Lag6a Santa (Minas Geraes), and Blumenau (Santa Catharina) (crit.); Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 21, 1886 — Brazil; Ihering and Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 343, 1907 (range). Dacnis cayana (not Motacilla cayana Linnaeus) Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 153, 1856 — part, Lag6a Santa, Minas Geraes (descr. male juv.; spec, in Halle Museum examined); Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 437 — Lag6a Santa (ex Burmeister). 1 1 have not been able to discern any geographical variation among specimens of this widespread species from different localities. Material examined. — Venezuela: Nicare, Caura River, 1 (adult male). — Colombia: "Bogota," 5. — Ecuador: Sarayacu, 1. — Peru: Samiria, 1; Iquitos, 1; Rio Ucayali, 1. — Bolivia: San Mateo, 1 (adult male); Yuracares, 3. — Brazil: Manaos, 4; Teff6, Rio Solimoes, 2; Marmellos, Rio Madeira, 1; Calama, Rio Madeira, 3; Santa Izabel, Rio Preto, 2; Rio Jurua, 1. 2 Dacnis nigripes Pelzeln, a very distinct species, superficially resembles D. cayana in the male sex, but has a proportionately much shorter tail, a considerably stouter, basally much wider bill, and differs also in some details of coloration. The black dorsal area is much less extensive, being confined to the upper back; the black gular patch is likewise more restricted and distinctly rounded on its posterior margin; the rectrices, particularly the two median pairs, are conspicuously edged with blue on the apical half of both webs; the legs and feet are dusky or blackish instead of brownish or reddish flesh color. The female has no resemblance at all to D. cayana, but is closely similar to that of D. venusta, from which it differs chiefly by distinctly dusky brownish upper back and more buffy (less whitish) throat. Wing, 60-62, (female) 59-62; tail, 34-38; bill, 11-12. D. nigripes lives side by side with D. cayana paraguayensis in certain parts of southeastern Brazil, and there can be no doubt as to its specific distinctness. Material examined. — Minas Geraes: Lagua Santa, 1. — Rio de Janeiro: Nova Friburgo, 7 (including the types); Rio de Janeiro, 4. — Santa Catharina: Blumenau, 1; Joinville, 1. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 281 Range. — Wooded region of southeastern Brazil, in states of Minas Geraes (Lagoa Santa), Rio de Janeiro (Nova Friburgo),1 and Santa Catharina (Blumenau, Joinville). *Dacnis venusta venusta Lawrence. SCARLET-THIGHED DACNIS. Dacnis venusta Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 464, 1862 — Panama Railroad (type in coll. of Geo. N. Lawrence, now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Sclater, Ibis, 1863, p. 315, pi. 7 (male, female) — Isthmus of Panama; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 348— Panama Railroad; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 269— Panama; Salvadori, Atti Accad. Sci. Torino, 4, p. 172, 1868— Costa Rica; Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 97, 1868 — Dota Mountains, Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 297, 1869 — Costa Rica; Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 185 — Bugaba, Chiriqui; Boucard, I.e., 1878, p. 54 — Candelaria, Costa Rica; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 245, 1883 — part, Costa Rica (Dota Moun- tains, Tucurriqui) and Panama (Bugaba, Panama Railroad); Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6, p. 414, 1883— Cervantes, Costa Rica; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 24, 1886— part, spec, a-j, Tucurriqui, Volcan de Chiriquf, Bugaba, Panama; Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 108, 1887 — Naranjo de Cartago, Birris, and Monte Redondo de San Jose, Costa Rica; Cherrie, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, p. 529, 1891— Costa Rica (descr. juv.); idem, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 4, p. 137, 1893— Boruca, Costa Rica; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 396, 1902 — part, Costa Rica and Panama (monog., full bibliog.); Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 63, 1902— Boquete, Chiriqui; idem, Auk, 24, p. 308, 1907 — Boruca, Costa Rica; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 819, 1910 — Costa Rica (range, habits); Ferry, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 275, 1910— Guayabo, Costa Rica; Moller, Zeits. Mikr.-Anat. Forsch., 28, p. 395, 1932 (tongue). Dacnis sp. Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 319, 1861 — Panama Railroad. Range. — Tropical zone of Costa Rica and western Panama, east to the Canal Zone.2 7: Costa Rica (Guaydbo, 1; Santa Cruz de Turrialba, 1; Turri- alba, 2; Boruca, 1; Peralta, 1; unspecified, 1). *Dacnis venusta f uliginata Bangs.3 COLOMBIAN SCARLET-THIGHED DACNIS. 1 Not yet recorded from either Sao Paulo or Parana, where it doubtless also occurs. 2 Specimens from the Canal Zone agree in coloration with a series from Chiriqui and Costa Rica, but resemble D. v. fuliginata in their smaller size. Additional material examined. — Costa Rica: Candelaria, 2; unspecified, 1. — Panama: Boquete, Chiriqui, 6; El Banco, Chiriqui, 1; Panama Railroad, 3. 8 Dacnis venusta fuliginata Bangs: Male similar to D. v. venusta, but under parts much darker, deep black with just a faint greenish tinge on the flanks only; 282 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Dacnis venusta fuliginata Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, p. 160, 1908 — Jimenez, western Andes, Colombia (type in coll. of E. A. and O. Bangs, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 396, 1930); Hellmayr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911, p. 1094 — Noanama, Novita, Jim&iez, and Rio Dagua, Colombia (crit.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 585, 1917 — Bagado, Noanama, Barbacoas, and Puerto Valdivia (lower Cauca), Colombia; idem, I.e., 55, p. 645, 1926 — northwestern Ecuador; Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 72, p. 367, 1932— Perme and Obaldia, eastern Panama. Dacnis venusta (not of Lawrence) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 497 — Remedies, Rio It6, Antioquia; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 245, 1883 — part, Remedies, Colombia; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 24, 1886 — part, spec, k, Remedies, Colombia; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 396, 1902— part, Remedies. Range. — Tropical zone of northwestern Ecuador and Pacific Colombia, extending east to Antioquia (Puerto Valdivia, lower Cauca; Remedios, Rio Ite") and north to extreme eastern Panama (Caribbean side of Darien). 1: Colombia (Tado, Rio San Juan, Choco, 1). Dacnis berlepschi Hartert.1 BERLEPSCH'S DACNIS. Dacnis berlepschi Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 11, p. 37, 1900 — Lita, north- western Ecuador (descr. female; type in Tring Museum examined); female with lower belly and under tail coverts rather deeper buffy yellow. Wing, 62-65, (female) 60-64; tail, 39-42; bill, 10-11. Three specimens from Paramba, Ecuador, in the Vienna Museum are identical with a series from the Pacific coast of Colombia. A single male from Remedios is slightly tinged with greenish below, thus forming the passage to the typical race. Birds from Darien are stated by Griscom to be intermediate to D. v. venusta. Material examined. — Ecuador, Prov. Imbabura: Paramba (alt. 3,500 ft.), 3. — Colombia: Rio Dagua, 2; Jimenez, 4; Novita, 2; Noanama, 1; Remedios, 1. 1 Dacnis berlepschi Hartert. — Adult male: top and sides of the head deep dull violaceous blue, throat and chest somewhat lighter, about grayish violaceous blue, the basal portion of the feathers of all these parts deep black, this color showing through here and there; dorsal feathers and scapulars dull blue, mesially streaked with shining light squill blue, more broadly so on the rump, the blue apical portion being separated from the dark gray base by a broad black sub- terminal band; smaller upper wing coverts black at base, tipped with deep dull violaceous blue, the median series again apically streaked with light squill blue; greater wing coverts black, externally lily green fringed with bluish; primary coverts and alula black, narrowly edged with violaceous blue; remiges and rectrices black, externally margined with lily green or artemisia green; breast flame-scarlet; abdomen orange-buff, tinged with grayish on the flanks; under tail coverts paler buff; axillars and under wing coverts white. Female: Brussels brown above, duller and more Prout's brown on the pileum, and more cinnamomeous on the rump; wings and tail dusky, margined with the color of the back; throat and chest much paler, light Dresden brown; the red pectoral area much less extensive and paler, orange chrome; the abdomen and under tail coverts buckthorn brown; axillars and under wing coverts light buff. Bill black, feet dusky gray. Wing, 66, (female) 61; tail, 50, (female) 46; bill, 11. A very distinct species with no near relative. Material examined. — Ecuador: Carondelet, 4. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 283 Rothschild, I.e., 11, p. 44, 1900 (note on adult male); Hartert, Nov. ZooL, 8, p. 371, pi. 5, figs. 1, 2 (male, female), 1901— Lita, Carondelet, and San Javier, Ecuador (descr. male and female); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 645, 1926— Lita, Ecuador. Range. — Tropical zone of northwestern Ecuador, in provinces of Esmeraldas (Carondelet, San Javier) and Imbabura (Lita). Genus HEMIDACNIS Sclater Hemidacnis Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 50, 1862 — type, by monotypy, Pipraeidea albiventris Sclater. Hemidacnis albiventris (Sclater). WHITE-VENTED DACNIS. Pipraeidea albiventris Sclater, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 4, p. 8, 1852 — "Nouvelle Grenade" = Bogota, Colombia (descr. male; type in Paris Museum); idem, Contrib. Orn., 1852, p. 131, pi. 100, fig. 2 (reprint; fig. of type). Diva albiventris Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 158, 1855 — Bogota. Hemidacnis albiventris Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 50, 1862 — Bogota; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 749— Xeberos, Peru; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 259 — Xeberos and Chamicuros, Peru; Taczanowski, Orn. P6r., 1, p. 427, 1884 — Xeberos and Chamieuros; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 17, 1886 — Peru (Chamicuros, Xeberos), Ecuador (Sarayacu), and Colombia (Bogota); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 643, 1926— eastern Ecuador. Dacnis albiventris Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 271 — Bogota; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 69, 1873 — Bogota and northern Peru. Range. — Tropical zone of eastern Colombia (not rare in native "Bogota" collections), eastern Ecuador (Sarayacu), and north- eastern Peru (Iquitos; Xeberos; Chamicuros).1 Genus XENODACNIS Cabanis Xenodacnis Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 311, 1873 — type, by orig. desig., Xenodacnis parina Cabanis. Xenodacnis parina Cabanis. TIT-LIKE DACNIS. Xenodacnis parina Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 312, pi. 4, figs. 1, 2, 1873 — Monterico, Dept. Ayacucho, Peru (types in Berlin Museum) ; Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 510 — Monterico; idem, Orn. Per., 1, 1 A single adult male from Peru (Iquitos) does not differ in coloration, but has a smaller (both shorter and slenderer) bill than Bogota specimens. The type of this peculiar species was sent to the Paris Museum by Mr. L6yy in a collection of native "Bogota" skins. Within the boundaries of Colombia, this bird has not been recorded from any definite locality, but from its occurrence in the Tropical zone of eastern Ecuador and northern Peru it may be inferred that the "Bogota" skins originated from the Amazonian lowlands at the foot of the eastern Andes of Colombia. Material examined. — Colombia: "Bogota," 16. — Peru: Iquitos, 1. 284 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII p. 434, 1884— Maraynioc; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 17, 1886— Maraynioc; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 336— Maraynioc; Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 116, 1921— Matchu Picchu and Idma Pampa, Urubamba, Peru. Range. — Temperate zone of southern Peru, in depts. of Junin (Maraynioc), Ayacucho (Monterico), and Cuzco (Anta, Matchu Picchu, Idma Pampa).1 Genus COEREBA Vieillot2 Coereba Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Ame>. Sept., 2, "1807," p. 70, 1808 [possibly 1809] — type, by monotypy, Certhia flaveola Linnaeus. Certhiola Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., 1835, p. 99, 1836— type, by monotypy, Certhia flaveola Linnaeus. Arbelorhina Cabanis, Arch. Naturg., 13, (1), p. 325, 1847 — new name for Coereba Vieillot. *Coereba flaveola chloropyga (Cabanis). BRAZILIAN BANANAQUIT. Certhiola chloropyga Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 97, 1851 — Bahia (type in Heine Collection, now in the Municipal Museum at Halberstadt) ; Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 53, 1862— Brazil; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 272— Brazil; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 26, 1868— part, Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo (Ypanema); Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.- Akad. Forh., 26, p. 624, 1869— Brazil (monog.); Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., p. 434, 1870 — Minas Geraes (Lagoa Santa, Uberaba), Goyaz (Catalao), Sao Paulo (Hytu), and Rio de Janeiro (Macahe); Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 302— Sao Paulo; Finsch, Verhandl. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 21, p. 41, 1871 — part, eastern Brazil (from Bahia south) and eastern Peru (Ucayali); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 185 — San Antonio, Peru; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 239, 1873— Blumenau, Santa Catharina; Cabanis, I.e., 22, p. 84, 1874— Cantagallo; Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 330 — Pernambuco; Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 117, 1885 — Taquara and Arroio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 44, 1886 — part, spec, p, q, t-h', Brazil (Para, Pernambuco, Bahia, Rio Grande do Sul, "Rio Claro, Goyaz") and Bolivia (Baganti); Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 81, 1889 — Mapiri, Bolivia; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande 1 Material examined. — Peru: Maraynioc, Junin, 2; Anta, Cuzco, 14. 2 Thorough study of large series of nearly every described form has led to the conclusion that the numerous "species" from the West Indies and continental America are merely representative races of a single taxonomic entity. Two "species," C. caboti and C. ferryi, being decidedly intermediate between the West Indian group and the mainland forms, there is no alternative but to unite the whole assemblage under one specific title. The blackish varieties, at one time considered to be specifically distinct, are in the author's judgment melanotic mutants, this being clearly indicated by the presence of a more or less perceptible olivaceous tinge on those parts of the plumage which are yellow in the normally colored forms. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 285 do Sul, 16, p. 118, 1899— Mundo Novo; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 142, 1899— Iguape", Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 152, 1900— Cantagallo; Sneth- lage, Journ. Orn., 55, p. 292, 1907 — part, Para, Maguary, and Santo Antonio do Prata (nest descr.); Holmberg, Apunt. Hist. Nat., 1, p. 123, 1909— Misiones. Certhiola brasiliensis (Sclater MS.) Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 38, p. 259, 1854— locality not stated;1 idem, Not. Orn. Coll. Delattre, p. 51, 1854 (reprint of orig. descr.). Certhiola majuscula Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 13, p. 413, 1865 — "von Montevideo und den siidlichsten Strichen Brasiliens" (type, from Villa Guaratingueta, Sao Paulo,2 in Berlin Museum examined); Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.- Akad. Handl., 26, p. 624, 1869 (ex Cabanis). Certhiola palmarum Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., 1, p. 144, Jan., 1901 — Alto Parana, Paraguay (type in coll. of A. de W. Bertoni). Coereba chloropyga Riker and Chapman, Auk, 7, p. 266, 1890 — Santarem; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 337 — La Merced, Chanchamayo, Peru; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 12, p. 272, 1905 — Igarap£- Assfi and Bemfica, Para (range); idem, I.e., 13, p. 356, 1906 — Santo Antonio do Prata, Para; idem, I.e., 14, p. 6, 1907 — Urucurituba, Rio Tapajoz; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 345, 1907 — Sao Paulo (Ypiranga, Cachoeira, Bebedouro, Alto da Serra, Ubatuba, Avanhandava, Tiete", Piquete, Iguape), Minas Geraes (Vargem Alegre), Para (Santar6m), and Rio Grande do Sul (Novo Hamburgo); Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 56, pp. 498, 522, 1908 — Goyana, Rio Tapaj6z, and Arumatheua, Rio Tocantins; Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 86, 1910— Bahia (Barra, Barra do Rio Grande, and Porto da Pedra, Rio Preto) and Piauhy (Lagoa Missao, Parnagua); Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 371, 1910 — Alto Parana, Paraguay; Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 504 — Para to Minas Geraes (crit.); Bertoni, Anal, Soc. Cient. Arg., 75, p. 98, 1913— Iguazu, Misiones; Dabbene, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 360, 1914 — Paraguay and Misiones (Santa Ana, Iguazu); Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 467, 1914 — part, Para, Ananindeua, Quati-puru, Santo Antonio do Prata, Rio Tocantins (Cameta, Arumatheua), Rio Xingu (Forte Ambe), Rio Tapaj6z (Boim, Goyana), and Rio Jamauchim (Con- ceicao); idem, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 2, No. 6, pp. 41, 60, 1926 — Ceara and Maranhao (Anil, Tury-assu); Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 175, 1928— Castanhal, Para. Coereba chloropyga chloropyga Hellmayr, Abhandl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., Math.- Phys. KL, 26, No. 2, pp. 7, 87, 1912— Peixe-Boi and Ipitinga (Para localities); Beebe, Zoologica (N.Y.), 2, p. 97, 1916— Utinga, Para; Holt, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 57, p. 319, 1928— Bemfica and Monte Serrat, 1 Bonaparte's description is misleading in various respects (cf. "nigricans; gula atra"), but Sclater (Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 53, 1862), who ought to have known what he understood by his unpublished MS. name, gives it as a synonym of C. chloropyga. 2 Guaratingueta is a town in the eastern section of Sao Paulo, district of Taubate, and not in Rio Grande do Sul, as erroneously stated by Lowe (Ibis, 1912, p. 505). 286 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Serra do Itatiaya; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 362, 1930 — Campos Novos and Utiarity, northern Matto Grosso. Coereba luteola chloropyga Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 270, 1929 — Maranhao (Sao Luiz, Barra do Corda) and Ceara (Varzea Formosa, Serra de Baturit£); Zimmer, I.e., 17, p. 415, 1930 — Chinchao, Vista Alegre, and Huachipa, Huanuco, Peru (crit.). Coereba chloropyga majuscula Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 505, pi. 8, fig. 1 — Sao Paulo to Rio Grande do Sul (crit.). Coereba flaveola (not Certhia flaveola Linnaeus) Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), p. 774, 1831 — eastern Brazil; Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 24, 1838 — Guarayos, Bolivia (spec, examined). Certhiola flaveola Tschudi, Arch. Naturg., 10, (1), p. 294, 1844 — Peru; idem, Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 237, 1846 — eastern Peru; Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 155, 1856 — Nova Friburgo (Rio de Janeiro) and Lag&a Santa (Minas Geraes); Euler, Journ. Orn., 15, p. 406, 1867 (nest descr.). (?) Certhiola luteola (not of Cabanis) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 179 — upper and lower Ucayali, Peru; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 260 — same localities; Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 442, 1884 — part (descr. of young from Sarayacu). Certhiola mexicana (not of Sclater) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 597 — Guarayos (ex d'Orbigny), Tilotilo, and Baganti, Bolivia. Certhiola peruviana (not of Cabanis1) Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 512 — Paltaypampa, Chanchamayo, Peru (nest descr.); idem, Orn. Per., 1, p. 439, 1884— part, Paltaypampa. Range. — Brazil south of the Amazon, from Para west to the Tapajoz, and south to northern Matto Grosso (Campos Novos, Utiarity), and through the eastern states to Rio Grande do Sul and the adjacent parts of Paraguay (Alto Parana) and Argentina | Certhiola peruviana Cabanis (Journ. Orn., 13, p. 413, 1865), based on a single specimen collected by Warscewicz somewhere in Peru, cannot be satisfactorily determined. It is described as similar to "C. majuscula" (that is, Sao Paulo speci- mens of C. chloropyga), but differing by the presence of a white alar speculum. This diagnosis answers fairly well to the characters of C. /. intermedia, which we have (in a rather long-billed variety) from Moyobamba in northern Peru. While I have no detailed information as to Warscewicz's itinerary, it is an established fact that this naturalist visited northern Peru, where, among other novelties, he discovered Coeligena warscewiczi Reichb. [=Diphogena aurora (Gould)], a humming- bird more or less restricted to the Chota region in the upper Maranon Valley. The Bananaquit occurring in that particular region is C. magnirostris, which, though also marked with a small white wing-spot, is nevertheless distinguished from intermedia by paler grayish back, lighter gray throat, and paler yellow breast. If Cabanis had had that bird before him, he would hardly have described his C. peruviana as exactly like "majuscula," but with a white alar speculum. Unfortunately, as we learn from Finsch (Verhandl. Zool. Bot. Gesells. Wien, 21, 1871, p. 778, passim), the type specimen, which had a broken bill, was rejected by the Berlin Museum as unsuitable for purchase, and its present location is unknown. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 287 (Iguazu and Santa Ana, Misiones) ; also eastern Bolivia and eastern Peru, north to Junin (Chanchamayo) and Hudnuco.1 1 Further subdivision of the Brazilian Bananaquit appears to be impracticable. P. R. Lowe attempted to revive Cabanis's name majuscula for a supposedly larger and paler form representing typical chloropyga in extreme southeastern Brazil from Sao Paulo southward. With a much larger series from the disputed region, whence Dr. Lowe had only five specimens, we are unable to substantiate any color differences between birds from the south and others from Bahia and northwards, neither the color of the throat nor that of the upper parts affording reliable criteria for such a distinction. All that can be said is that there is a certain tendency to slight increase in size, as we advance in a southerly direction, but this variation is too insignificant to be expressed in nomenclature, as the table of measurements given below clearly shows. Birds from Peru and Bolivia seem to me also insepara- ble, though they generally have the crown darker (less brownish), the back more grayish, and the rump on average more greenish. Exceptions are, however, too frequent to justify segregation. This is more surprising as their range is separated from the Brazilian area of this form by interposition of C. /. alleni, of Matto Grosso. In size of bill, Peurvian examples sometimes approach C. f. magnirostris. Additional material examined. — Brazil, Para: Urucurituba, Rio Tapajoz, 1; Santo Antonio dp Prata, 4; IgarapeVAssu, 1; Bemfica, 1; Ourein, Rio Guama, 1; Peixe-Boi, 1; Ipitinga, Rio Acara, 1. — Maranhaq: Miritiba, 5. — Piauhy: Lagda Missao, Parnagu£, 1. — Bahia: Porto da Pedra, Rio Preto, 1; Lamarap, 1; Bahia City, 15. — Espirito Santo: Brago do Sul, Victoria, 1. — Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, 5; Manguinhos, 1. — Goyaz: Goyaz, 1. — Minas Geraes: Agua Suja, near Bagagem, 2. — Sao Paulo: Guaratinguet&, 1; Faxina, 1; Ypanema, 2; Sao Sebastian, 3; Victoria, 1. — Santa Catharina: Joinville, 2; Blumenau, 6. — Rio Grande do Sul: Taquara do Mundo Novo, 1; Camaquam, 1. — Bolivia: Guarayos, 1; Baganti, 1; Omeja, Yungas, 2. — Peru: Chanchamayo, Dept. Junin, 1. MEASUREMENTS Adult males Wing Tail Two from Bolivia ....................... 60, 61 38, 40 One from Chanchamayo, Peru ........... 61 40 Six from Huanuco, Peru ................. 58-63 35-38 One from Rio Grande do Sul ............. 58 41 Four from Santa Catharina .............. 58-60 38-40 Four from Sao Paulo .................... 57-61 36-39 One from Guaratingueta, Sao Paulo (type of C. majuscula) ...................... 62 One from Rio de Janeiro ................ 59 38 Five from Minas Geraes ................. 59-62 38-40 One from Rio do Peixe, Bahia ............ 60 37 One from Rio Preto, Bahia .............. 58 37 Eight from Bahia City .................. 56-59 36-40 Two from Ceara ........................ 58, 59 36, 38 Three from Maranhao ................... 57-58 36-38 Four from Par& ........................ 55-58 33-36 Adult females Two from Bolivia ....................... 53, 57 30, 36 Three from Huanuco, Peru .............. 55, 55, 56 31, 33, 34 Four from Santa Catharina .............. 54-57 33-37 Two from Sao Paulo .................... 55, 56 34, 38 Three from Rio de Janeiro ............... 54-56 34-36 One from Espirito Santo ................. 55 35 One from Goyaz ........................ 53 31 Six from Bahia ......................... 51-55 32-36 One from Piauhy ....................... 55 35 Three from Maranhao ................... 53-55 30-34 Seven from Pard ....................... 51-54 28-32 One from Rio Tapaj6z .................. 53 30 Bill 12, 12 13 J^ 13-14 12 12-13 12-13 [damaged] 13 12-13 13 12, 13 12, 12, 12 12, 12 13, 13 1A, — 11-12 12, 13 12, 12, 12 12 12 11-12 12 11-12 11-12 288 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 29: Brazil (Para, 2; Sao Luiz, Maranhao, 3; Barra do Corda, Maranhao, 1; Varzea Formosa, Ceara, 1; Serra do Baturite", Ceara, 1; Rio do Peixe, near Queimadas, Bahia, 1; Bahia, 1; Rio das Velhas, near Lag6a Santa, Minas Geraes, 3; Bauru, Sao Paulo, 1; Joinville, Santa Catharina, 2); Bolivia (Buenavista, Santa Cruz, 1); Peru (Chinchao, 6; Huachipa, 2; Vista Alegre, 4). *Coereba flaveola alleni Lowe.1 ALLEN'S BANANAQUIT. Coereba chloropyga alleni Lowe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 29, p. 86, 1912 — Chapada, Matto Grosso (type in British Museum); idem, Ibis, 1912, p. 506 — Chapada district, Matto Grosso (crit.); M6negaux, Rev. Fran?. d'Orn., 5, p. 86, 1917 — Pocone and [Sao Luiz de] Caceres, Matto Grosso; Naum- burg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 362, 1930— southern Matto Grosso (crit.). Coereba chloropyga (not Certhiola chloropyga Cabanis) Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 3, p. 348, 1892— Abrilongo, Cuyaba, and Chapada, Matto Grosso. Range. — Plateau of Matto Grosso (Cuyaba, Chapada, Abri- longo, Sao Luiz de Caceres, Pocone") in central Brazil. 5: Brazil, Matto Grosso (Chapada, 5). *Coereba flaveola minima (Bonaparte).2 CAYENNE BANANAQUIT. 1 Coereba flaveola alleni Lowe: Closely similar to C. f. chloropyga, but upper parts paler, less grayish; the back light brownish olive, the crown dusky rather than blackish; the rump duller, pyrite yellow rather than sulphine yellow; the throat generally of a paler gray. Wing, 60-63, (female) 55-58; tail, 38-40, (female) 32-37; bill, 12-13. Although every one of the subspecific characters is to be found in occasional individuals of chloropyga, the Matto Grosso form, when compared in a series, stands out as a fairly well-marked unit. The range of C. alleni is peculiarly restricted, since birds from Bolivia and southern Peru, as we have shown under the preceding heading, are obviously inseparable from chloropyga. Additional material examined. — Matto Grosso: Abrilongo, 1; Chapada, 12. 2 Coereba flaveola minima (Bonaparte) : Nearest to C. f. chloropyga, but upper parts decidedly darker, more sooty, and the rump much brighter yellow; similar also to C. /. guianensis, but not quite so dark above, with the rump somewhat duller. Wing, 56-61, (female) 50-55; tail, 34-37, (female) 28-33; bill, 11-13. Although exactly intermediate between guianensis and chloropyga, this form cannot well be united to either of the two. While the majority of the individuals from the area above circumscribed occupy an intermediate position, the darkest examples are distinguishable from guianensis only by their duller (not lemon chrome) rump. On the other hand, certain unusually dark-backed birds of chloropyga from the Para region are also barely separable. The throat is mostly pale gray as in chloropyga, but several skins from French Guiana and one from Counany are just as dark-throated as any guianensis. Two adults from the Rio Negro, by having a small white alar speculum, betray an unmistakable variation towards C. /. intermedia. In all the rest of the series there is no trace of it. Additional material examined. — French Guiana: Cayenne (the type), 1; Isle Le^Pere, 5; Ipousin, Approuague River, 2; Saint-Jean-du-Maroni, 1. — Dutch Guiana: vicinity of Paramaribo, 4. — Brazil: Cachoeira, Marajo, 2; Lamalonga, Rio Negro, 1; Marabitanas, Rio Negro, 1. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 289 Certhiola minima Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 38, p. 259, 1854 — Cayenne (type in Paris Museum examined); idem, Not. Orn. Coll. Delattre, p. 51, 1854 (reprint of orig. descr.); Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.- Akad. Handl., 26, p. 625, 1869 (ex Bonaparte). Coereba chloropyga cayennensis Lowe, Ibis, (9), 6, p. 506, 1912 — Oyapock, Cayenne (type in British Museum). Certhiola chloropyga (not of Cabanis) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 570 — Mexiana and Cobati, Rio Negro; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 26, 1868 — part, Lamalonga and Marabitanas, Rio Negro (spec, examined); Finsch, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 21, p. 779, 1871 — part, Cayenne, Surinam, and Mexiana; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 44, 1886 — part, spec, l-o, r, Oyapock, Cayenne, Cobati (Rio Negro), and Island of Mexiana; Menegaux, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 10, p. 116, 1904 — Camopi and Hot la Mere, French Guiana; Hagmann, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), 26, p. 26, 1907— Mexiana; Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 55, p. 292, 1907 — part, Maraca, Mexiana, and Monte Alegre; Penard and Penard, Vog. Guyana, 2, p. 477, 1910 — Dutch Guiana (habits). Coereba chloropyga Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 467, 1914 — part, Marajo (Rio Arary, Sao Natal, Pindobal), Mexiana, Maraca, Rio Jary (Santo Antonio da Cachoeira), Monte Alegre, and Rio Jamunda (Faro). Certhiola guianensis (not of Cabanis) Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 53, 1862 — Cayenne; Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., 26, p. 624, 1869 — part, Surinam (good diag.). Coereba guianensis Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 12, p. 272, 1905 — part, Rio Negro (Marabitanas, Lamalonga, Cobati); Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 507 — part, Rio Negro (Marabitanas, Cobati). Coereba chloropyga guianensis Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 84, 1918 — vicinity of Paramaribo, Dutch Guiana. Coereba chloropyga subsp. Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 112, 1908 — Ipousin (Approuague River) and Isle le Pere, French Guiana. Coereba chloropyga minima Hellmayr, Abhandl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., Math.- Phys. Kl., 26, No. 2, pp. 118, 124 — Mexiana and Cachoeira, Marajo (crit., range). Certhiola mexicana (not of Sclater) Finsch, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 21, p. 772, 1871 — part, Cobati and Marabitanas, Rio Negro. Range. — French and Dutch Guiana, and northern Brazil, south to the north bank and the islands in the estuary of the Amazon, west to the Rio Negro.1 6: Brazil (Rio Counany, 1; Boa Vista, Rio Branco, 4; Rio May- curu, 1). *Coereba flaveola guianensis (Cabanis).2 GUIANAN BANANAQUIT. 1 The range of C. /. minima may possibly extend even farther to the west, and Taczanowski's record (Orn. Per., 1, p. 441) of C. chloropyga from Pebas refers perhaps to the present form. 1 Coereba flaveola guianensis (Cabanis) : Similar to C. f. minima, but above even more blackish with the rump brighter, clear lemon chrome; no white 290 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Certhiola guianensis Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 97, 1851 — " Guiana" = British Guiana (type in Heine Collection, now in Municipal Museum, Halberstadt, examined); Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., 26, p. 624, 1869— part, Guiana. Coereba guianensis Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 17, 1902 — Suapure, Caura, Venezuela (crit.; spec, examined); Hellmayr, I.e., 12, p. 272, 1905 — part, British Guiana (excl. Roraima) and Venezuela (Caura Valley); Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 507 — part, British Guiana (excl. Roraima) and southern Venezuela (Suapure, Caura); Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 167, 1916 — Suapure, Caura River, and (?) Ciudad Bolivar, Orinoco, Venezuela; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 473, 1921 — part, Bartica, Mazaruni River, Bonasika, Abary River, Great Falls of the Demerara, Caramang River, Camacusa, and Georgetown. Certhiola flaveola (not Certhia flaveola Linnaeus) Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, "1848," p. 675, 1849 — British Guiana (in part). Certhiola chloropyga (not of Cabanis) Finsch, Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesell. Wien, 21, p. 779, 1871 — part, Demerara, British Guiana (crit.); Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 207 — part, Bartica Grove, Camacusa, and Atapuraw River, British Guiana; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 44, 1886— part, spec, e-k, Atapuraw, Bartica Grove, and Camacusa, British Guiana. Range. — British Guiana (excepting Roraima and probably other adjoining mountains) and eastern Venezuela (Caura Valley).1 2: British Guiana (Demerara River, 2). Coereba flaveola roraimae Chapman.2 RORAIMA BANANAQUIT. Coereba guianensis roraimae Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 341, p. 6, Feb., 1929 — Arabupu, Roraima, Venezuela (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 63, p. 124, 1931 — Roraima (Paulo, Arabupu) and Mount Duida, Venezuela. alar speculum. Wing, 55-58, (female) 52-55; tail, 33-37, (female) 29-32; bill, 11-12. Birds from the Caura Valley, Venezuela, are in every respect similar to those from British Guiana. As far as is possible to judge from the slightly faded speci- men, the type appears to belong with the race diffused through the lowland districts of British Guiana. This form closely resembles C. /. luteola in the rich coloration of the throat, but is not so black above, and lacks the white wing-spot. Additional material examined. — British Guiana: Bartica Grove, 4; Camacusa, 1; Demerara, 5; unspecified, 2. — Venezuela: Suapure, Caura Valley, 6. 1 1 cannot help thinking that the specimen from Ciudad Bolivar sent by S. M. Klages to the American Museum is incorrectly labeled, since five skins obtained there by the same collector pertain without question to the black-backed Caribbean race (C. /. luteola). 1 Coereba flaveola roraimae Chapman: Exceedingly similar to C. f. guianensis, but slightly larger; back darker, less contrasting with color of crown; throat also a little darker gray. Wing, 58-61, (female) 56-57; tail, 37-39, (female) 34-35; bill, 11-12. I am a little doubtful as to the propriety of keeping this form separate, but would like to see a more complete series before condemning it. Material examined. — Venezuela: Roraima, 4. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 291 Certhiola chloropyga (not of Cabanis) Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 207 — part, Roraima; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 44, 1886 — part, spec, a-d, Roraima. Coereba guianensis (not Certhiola guianensis Cabanis) Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 12, p. 272, 1905 — part, Roraima; Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 507 — part, Roraima and (?) Merume' Mountains, British Guiana; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 473, 1921 — part, Roraima, and (?) upper Takutu Mountains. Range. — Upper Tropical zone of Duida and Roraima in Venezuela, and probably other adjacent mountains in British Guiana. "Coereba flaveola luteola (Cabanis).1 CARIBBEAN BANANAQUIT. Certhiola luteola Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 96, 1851 — Puerto Cabello (?), Venezuela (type in Heine Collection, now in Municipal Museum, Halberstadt); Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 53, 1862— part, spec, h, Trinidad; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 194— Turbo and Cartagena, Colombia; idem, I.e., 1864, p. 271 — Trinidad and Venezuela (crit.); Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 81— Venezuela (crit.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 167 — Carupano, Venezuela; Sundevall, Ofvers.Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., 26, p. 621, 1869 (crit.) ; Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 561— Trinidad; idem, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 21, p. 767, 1871 — Trinidad, Venezuela, and Santa Marta, Colombia (monog.); Ridgway, Amer. Natur., 7, p. 612, 1873 — Tobago, Trinidad, and northern shore of South America (crit.); Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1880, p. 119— Santa Marta (habits); Berlepsch, Ibis, 1884, p. 432— Angostura, Orinoco, Venezuela; Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 7, p. 173, 1884— Trinidad; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 40, 1886— Colombia (Santa Marta, Valle de Upar), Venezuela (Carupano), and Trinidad. Coereba luteola Cory, Auk, 8, p. 38, 1891 (range, diag.); idem, Auk, 10, p. 220, 1893— Tobago; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 6, p. 25, 1894— Trini- dad; Robinson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18, pp. 679, 685, 1896— Margarita 1 Coereba flaveola luteola (Cabanis) : Nearest to C. /. guianensis, but upper parts deeper black with a conspicuous white alar speculum; throat darker gray; rump and under surface richer lemon chrome. In another connection (Arch. Naturg., 90, A, Heft 2, pp. 169-172, 1924) I have explained that the segregation of an eastern form, for which the earliest name, as ascertained by an examination of the type, is C. major Cabanis, was barely justifiable. The far more extensive material at present available not only sub- stantiates this conclusion, but also tends to show that even C. I. obscura cannot be maintained. In making comparisons it should be kept in mind that males, besides being larger, are distinguished by blacker back and more extensive, brighter yellow uropygial area. Furthermore, old skins being apt to become duller through fading, care must be taken in selecting proper material. With a goodly number of recently collected specimens from Tobago, Trinidad, and northeastern Venezuela, I fail to perceive the slightest difference in coloration. Dimensions being also the same, I cannot but regard major, trinitatis and hellmayri as strictly synonymous. C. godmani belongs here too, since the type (and only known specimen) is nowise different. If it really came from Grenada, it must have been a straggler from Tobago. Birds from the Caracas-Lake Valencia region (typical luteola) average duller on the upper parts, only a few males being as jet-black as the majority from Trinidad, etc., and the few examples available from the Rio Aurare (east shore of Lake Maracaibo) and the lower slopes of the Andes overlooking the Maracaibo plains are similar. Three adult males from Encontrados 292 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Island and La Guayra, Venezuela; Phelps, Auk, 14, p. 363, 1897 — Cuma- nacoa, Venezuela; Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 143, 1898— Santa Marta; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 313— base of La Popa, Cartagena, Colombia; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 173, 1900 — Cacagualito, Santa Marta, and Cienaga, Colombia; Robin- son and Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 176, 1901 — La Guaria, Venezuela; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 16, 1902 — Altagracia, Caicara, and Ciudad Bolivar, Orinoco, Venezuela; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 406, 1902 (monog.); Clark, Auk, 19, p. 266, 1902— Margarita Island; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 12, p. 272, 1905 — Vene- zuela south to the Orinoco, Trinidad, and Tobago (crit.); idem, I.e., 13, p. 7, 1906 — Caparo, Valencia, and Seelet, Trinidad (crit.); Clark, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 32, p. 293, 1905 — "Grenada" (accidental); Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 1, p. 187, 1906— Aripo, Trinidad; idem, I.e., 1, p. 357, 1908 — Aripo and Carenage, Trinidad; Lowe, Ibis, 1907, p. 565 — Margarita Island, Laguna de Obispo (Venezuela), and Trinidad (crit.); idem, Ibis, 1909, p. 323 — Cariaco, Venezuela; Beebe, Zoologica (N.Y.), 1, p. 102, 1909— La Ceiba, Rio Guarapiche, Venezuela; Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 250, 1909— Margarita Island; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 209, 1913— Cariaquito, Isla de Morocotico and Jocopita, Manimo River, Venezuela; Williams, Bull. Dept. Agric. Trin. Tob., 20, p. 127, 1922— Woodland and Maracas, Trinidad. Coereba luteola luteola Hellmayr and Seilern, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 52, 1912 — Las Quiguas, Carabobo (crit.); Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. and Orope, in the humid region south of Lake Maracaibo, however, are very black again. They have been described by Cory as C. 1. obscura, but I am unable to distinguish them from Trinidad and Tobago birds except by their slightly darker gray throat, a divergency that requires corroboration by a more adequate series. Under these circumstances, I cannot recognize more than one form among the inhabitants of Caribbean Venezuela and Colombia. MEASUREMENTS OF ADULT MALES Wing Tail Bill Ten from Tobago 57-60, 61 (one) 35-39 12-13 Eight from Trinidad 57-60, 61 (two), 62 (one) 34-39 12-13 One from "Grenada" (godmani) ... 57 35 12 K Two from Cariaco, Venezuela 56,57 34,37 12,12 Two from Cumana, Venezuela 57, 59 36, 38 12 K, 13 Six from Margarita Island 57-59 34-37 12-13 Two from Altagracia, Orinoco 58, 59 36, 37 12, 12 One from Ciudad Bolivar, Orinoco . 58 37 12 "British Guiana" (type of C. major) 60 H 38 13 One from Loma Redonda, Caracas . 58 36 11 Yi Ten from Caracas 57-60 36-40 11-12 Two from Aragua 56, 56 34, 35 11, lllA One from Lake Valencia 59 38 12 One from Rio Aurare, Zulia 59 35 12 One from Col6n, Tachira 60 37 12 Three from Encontrados, Zulia (C. I. obscura) 58, 58, 60 37, 37, 38 12 ^-13 Additional material examined. — Tobago, 4; Trinidad, 20. — Venezuela: Cariaco, Paria, 2; Guiria, Paria Peninsula, 1; Cumana, 4; San Antonio, Sucr6, 1; Loma Redonda, near Caracas, 4; San Esteban, Carabobo, 2; Altagracia, Orinoco, 4; Ciudad Bolivar, Orinoco, 5. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 293 Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 165, 1916 — Orinoco region (nest and eggs descr.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 578, 1917 — La Playa (near Barranquilla), Colombia; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 459, 1922 — Santa Marta, Cacagualito, Bonda, Mamatoco, Las Vegas, Fundaci6n, Punto Caiman, Don Diego, and Rio Hacha, Colombia (crit., habits); Hellmayr, Arch. Naturg., 90, A, Heft 2, p. 169, 1924— Loma Redonda, Caracas region (crit.); Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 413, 1931— Rio Frio, Magdalena, Colombia. Certhiola major Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 97, 1851 — "Guiana"1 (type in Berlin Museum examined); Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., 26, p. 622, 1869 (ex Cabanis). Coereba luteola major Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 508, pi. 8, fig. 2 — Caribbean coast district of Colombia and Venezuela (crit.). Certhiola godmani Cory, Auk, 6, p. 219, 1889 — "Grenada" (type in collection of C. B. Cory, now in Field Museum). Coereba trinitatis (not of Bonaparte, 1854) Lowe, Ibis, (9), 1, p. 566 (in text) 1907 — Trinidad (type probably in collection of P. R. Lowe). Coereba luteola hellmayri Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 23, p. 23, 1910 — new name for Coereba trinitatis Lowe, preoccupied; Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 509 — Trinidad and Tobago (crit.); Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 166, 1916 — Cristobal Colon, Paria Peninsula, Venezuela (crit.). Coereba luteola obscura Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 291, 1913 — Encontrados, Zulia, Venezuela (type in Field Museum). Certhiola flaveola (not Certhia flaveola Linnaeus) Hartlaub, Isis, 1847, p. 614 — Trinidad; Jardine, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 20, p. 372, 1847— Tobago; Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 54, 1862 — part, spec, a, Tobago; Leotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 126, 1866— Trinidad. Certhiola sp. Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., 26, p. 621, 1869— "Minas Geraes" (errore; cf. Finsch, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 21, p. 770, 1871). Range. — Islands of Tobago and Trinidad; northern Venezuela, south to the Orinoco Valley and the foot of the Andes in the Mara- caibo basin, and Caribbean coast region of Colombia. Accidental in Grenada (one record). 81: Grenada, 1; Tobago, 18; Venezuela (Margarita Island, 11; Caracas, 23; Macuto, Caracas, 7; Maracay, Aragua, 7; Lake Va- lencia, Carabobo, 2; Rio Aurare, Zulia, 2; Encontrados, Zulia, 2; Orope, Zulia, 1; Catatumbo River, Zulia, 1; San Juan de Colon, Tachira, 3); Colombia (El Guayabal, ten miles north of San Jos4 de Cucuta, Santander, 2; Tucurinca, 1). *Coereba flaveola montana Lowe.2 MERIDA BANANAQUIT. 1 The type probably came from the mouth of the Barima River in the delta of the Orinoco. * Coereba flaveola montana Lowe: Most nearly related to C. /. columbiana, but upper parts markedly darker, chaetura drab to fuscous black, instead of deep mouse gray to dark grayish olive; yellow of rump brighter, approaching the lemon- 294 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Coereba luteola montana Lowe, Ibis, (9), 6, p. 509, 1912 — Meiida (alt. 1,600 meters), Venezuela (type in Tring Museum). Range. — Subtropical zone of the Cordillera of MeYida, western Venezuela. 1: Venezuela (Me>ida, 1). "Coereba flaveola columbiana (Cabanis).1 COLOMBIAN BANANAQUIT. Certhiola columbiana Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 13, p. 412, 1865 — "Bogotd," Colombia (type in Berlin Museum); Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., 26, p. 622, 1869— Bogota (crit.). Certhiola mexicana (not of Sclater) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 349— Panama Railroad; Finsch, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 21, p. 772, 1871 — part, Bogota, Colombia (crit.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 497 — Remedies and Medellin, Antioquia (nest and eggs descr.); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 250, 1883 — part, Panama Railroad and Colombia; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 38, 1886 — part, spec, p-v, x-b', Lion Hill and Paraiso Station (Panama), Bogota and Medellin, Colombia. Coereba mexicana Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 2, p. 28, 1900 — Loma del Le6n, Panama; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 409, 1902— part, Panama and Colombia; Piguet, M6m. Soc. Neuchat. Sci. Nat., 5, p. 809, 1914— Medellin, Colombia; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 277, 1918— Gatun, Panama. Coereba mexicana mexicana Bangs and Barbour, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 225, 1922— Mount Sapo, Darien. chrome of luteola; throat darker gray, more like luteola; under parts on average more richly colored; bill longer as well as stronger. Wing, 57-60, (female) 54-56; tail, 34-36, (female) 30-33; bill, 12^-13^. This form is truly intermediate between luteola and columbiana. It approaches the Caribbean race in the darker coloration of the back, though it is never as jet- black as highly plumaged adult males of luteola, and the rump, while brighter yellow than in columbiana, does not quite attain the rich lemon-chrome tone of luteola. Certain unusually dark-backed specimens of columbiana from Santander come very close to females of montana, but have smaller bills and a duller, more olive yellow rump. The large bill seems a fairly constant feature, though this organ is hardly less developed in some specimens from Trinidad and Tobago. Material examined. — Venezuela: M6rida (alt. 1,600 meters), 14. 1 Coereba flaveola columbiana (Cabanis): Closely similar to C. /. mexicana, but back somewhat darker, less olivaceous, and the rump decidedly brighter and less greenish, strontian yellow instead of olive yellow. Birds from the Panama Canal Zone agree well with those from Colombia. Specimens from Santander (Bucaramanga; El Tambor, Rio Lebrija) frequently have the back darker (about chaetura drab}, the uropygial patch brighter yellow, and the throat a deeper gray. Similar individuals also occur among native "Bogota" skins. They evidently form the transition to C. /. luteola (which is found — not far away — in the Maracaibo pocket). In fact, they can be told from numerous females of that race only by their somewhat duller yellow rump. Additional material examined. — Colombia: Dabeiba, 1; Honda, 3; Medellin, 1; Bucaramanga, 10; "Bogota," 14. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 295 Certhiola luteola (not of Cabanis) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 138, 1855— Bogot&; Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 53, 1862— part, spec, f, g, Bogota; Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 291, 1862— Panama Railroad; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 324 — lower mountain districts [of Santander], Colombia. Certhiola mexicana subsp. Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 288, 1884 — Bucara- manga (crit.). Certhiola mexicana columbiana Berlepsch, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 4, p. 184, 1887 — Bogota. Coereba mexicana columbiana Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 500 — Colombia to Panama (crit.) ; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 578, 1917 — part, Dabeiba, Alto Bonito, and Peque (Antioquia), Honda, Chicoral, La Candela, San Agustin, and Andalucia (Magdalena Valley), El Alto de la Paz (Bogota region), Buena Vista and Villavicencio, Colombia; Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, p. 185, 1929— Cana, Darien; idem, I.e., 72, p. 367, 1932— Obaldia, eastern Panama. Certhiola peruviana (not of Cabanis) Ridgway, Amer. Natur., 7, p. 613, 1873 — part, Panama Railroad. Range. — Eastern Panama, from the Canal Zone eastwards, and parts of Colombia, in State of Antioquia (Dabeiba, Alto Bonito, and Peque, Rio Sucio; Medellin), in the Magdalena Valley (from San- tander southwards), and at the eastern base of the eastern Andes (Buena Vista and Villavicencio). 12: Panama (Colon, 6); Colombia (El Tambor, Rio Lebrija, Santander, 1; "Bogota," 4; Andalucia, Huila, 1). *Coereba flaveola cerinoclunis Bangs.1 SAN MIGUEL BANANAQUIT. Coereba cerinoclunis Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 2, p. 52, 1901 — San Miguel Island, Bay of Panama (type in coll. of E. A. and O. Bangs, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 393, 1930); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 408, 1902— San Miguel Island (monog.); Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, p. 157, 1905 — San Miguel and Saboga Islands (crit.); Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 510 — San Miguel Island (ex Bangs); Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 13, No. 4, p. 49, 1920— Viveros Island (crit.). Coereba mexicana columbiana (not Certhiola columbiana Cabanis) Bangs, Auk, 18, p. 30, 1901— San Miguel Island. 1 Coereba flaveola cerinoclunis Bangs: Similar to C. /. columbiana, but back sooty black instead of deep mouse gray to dark grayish olive. In the blackish upper parts this form resembles C. f. luteola, but may be readily distinguished by paler gray throat; strontian yellow instead of lemon chrome rump; much smaller white alar speculum; less extensive white apical spots to the lateral tail feathers; finally by somewhat less richly colored under parts. Wing, 60, (female) 53; tail, 38, (female) 30; bill, 12-13. 296 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Range. — Islands of San Miguel, Saboga, and Viveros, Pearl Archipelago, in the Bay of Panama. 2: San Miguel Island. "Coereba flaveola intermedia (Salvadori and Festa).1 INTER- MEDIATE BANANAQUIT. Certhiola intermedia Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 13, 1899 — Gualaquiza and Zamora, eastern Ecuador (type in Turin Museum). Certhiola luteola (not of Cabanis) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 26, p. 452, 1858— Zamora and Gualaquiza; idem, I.e., 28, pp. 85, 292, 1860— Nanegal and Esmeraldas, western Ecuador; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 54, 1862 — part, spec, a-e, Nanegal, Esmeraldas, Zamora, and Gualaquiza. Certhiola mexicana (not of Sclater) Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 271— part, Ecuador; Finsch, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 21, p. 772, 1871 — part, Ecuador (crit.); Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 543— Chimbo; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 38, 1886 — part, spec, c'-o', "vicinity of Quito," Intag, Esmeraldas, Zamora, Gualaquiza, Nanegal, and Sarayacu, Ecuador; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 319 — Baeza, Intag, and Milligalli (nest and eggs descr.). Coereba (=Certhiola) mexicana Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 481, 1898 — Chimbo and Paramba, Ecuador. Coereba mexicana Menegaux, Miss. Serv. G6og. Armee Mes. Arc Me>id. Equat., 9, p. B. 84, 1911 — Santo Domingo and Gualea, Ecuador. 1 Coereba flaveola intermedia (Salvadori and Festa) : Exceedingly close to C. f. columbiana, but under parts of a richer, brighter yellow, approaching wax yellow; dorsal surface on average slightly darker, with the rump generally of a richer yellow. From C. /. chloropyga this form chiefly differs by the conspicuous white alar speculum, darker and more sooty back, brighter yellow rump, deeper gray throat, etc. Birds from western Ecuador average slightly darker, less olivaceous, on the upper parts, though the variation is barely perceptible. Three adults from Moyobamba are identical in coloration, but incline to larger measurements, thus verging to C. /. magnirostris. How far south and east C. /. intermedia ranges in Peru, I am unable to ascertain owing to lack of material. Taczanowski (Orn. Pe"r., 1, p. 441, 1884) records C. chloropyga from Pebas, and Finsch (Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 21, p. 781, 1871) refers two birds from the upper Ucayali to the same form. It will be recalled that a series from Huanuco Province and Junin (Chanchamayo) turned out to be inseparable from chloropyga, but where this race meets the northern intermedia remains to be determined. About the name C. peruviana, cf. footnote on p. 286. MEASUREMENTS Wing Tail Bill Three males from eastern Ecuador 55-57 31-33 12-13 Six males from western Ecuador 56-59 32-35 11^-13 Three males from Moyobamba, Peru 58, 61, 63 36, 37, — 13, 13, 13 Yi Additional material examined. — Colombia: Tumaco, 1. — Western Ecuador: San Javier, Prov. Esmeraldas, 4 ; Paramba, Prov. Imbabura, 6; Gualea, 3; Chongon, Prov. Guayas, 1; Chimbo, 1. — Eastern Ecuador: Baeza, 5; Alpa-yacu, Rio Pastaza, 2; Gualaquiza, 1. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 297 Coereba mexicana (subsp.?) Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 80, 1922— Gualea. Certhiola columbiana (not of Cabanis) Salvador! and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 13, 1899— Gualea, Intag, Playas (Guayas), and Rio Peripa, western Ecuador. Coereba mexicana columbiana Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 578, 1917 — part, Tumaco, Buena Vista, and Ricaurte, Narifio, Colombia. Coereba mexicana intermedia Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 501 — Ecuador (crit.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 637, 1926 — western Ecuador (many localities from Esmeraldas to Cebollal), eastern Ecuador (Zamora, Guayaba, Rio Suno, below San Jose, below Sardinas, below Oyacachi), and Paletillas, northwestern Peru (crit.); Berlioz, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 34, p. 74, 1928— San Jos6, Ecuador. Range. — Tropical zone of extreme southwestern Colombia (Narifio), eastern and western Ecuador, and extreme northern Peru (Paletillas, Dept. Payta; Moyobamba, Dept. Amazonas). 5: Ecuador (Puente de Chimbo, 1); Peru (Moyobamba, 4). *Coereba flaveola magnirostris (Taczanowski).1 LARGE-BILLED BANANAQUIT. Certhiola magnirostris Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880, p. 193 — Callacate, upper Maranon, Peru (type lost, formerly in Warsaw Museum; cf. Sztolcman and Domaniewski, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 6, p. 177, 1927); idem, Orn. Per., 1, p. 441, 1884— upper Maran6n. Coereba magnirostris Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 502 — part, Maranon localities (excl. Tschudi's reference and Paltaypampa) ; Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35, p. 459, 1918 — Huancabamba, Perico, and Bellavista, Rio Maran6n. Certhiola sp. Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 225 — Guajango. Certhiola mexicana (not of Sclater, 1856) Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 38, 1886 — part, spec, q', r', Callacate and Guajango; Salvin, Nov. Zool., 2, p. 4, 1895 — Cajamarca, Cajabamba, and Vina, Huamachuco. Range. — Upper Tropical and Subtropical zones of the upper Maranon Valley, northern Peru (Callacate, Guajango, Huanca- 1 Coereba flaveola magnirostris (Taczanowski) : Nearest to C. /. chloropyga, but with heavier, longer bill; back much paler, near deep grayish olive instead of sooty grayish; a distinct, though small white alar speculum; white tips to lateral rectrices decidedly wider; throat paler, pallid neutral gray rather than pale neutral gray to light neutral gray; yellow of breast paler, strontian yellow instead of wax yellow, etc. Wing, 60-64, (female) 57; tail, 38-41, (female) 36; bill, 15-16, (female) 14. From its other geographical neighbor, C. /. intermedia, the upper Maranon form differs at a glance by its larger size, notably much larger bill, much paler coloration both above and below, duller olive yellow rump, and longer white tips to the lateral rectrices, though in dimensions it is approached by specimens from Moyobamba, which, according to coloration, belong with C. /. intermedia. Additional material examined. — Peru: Huancabamba, 1; Perico, 1; Bellavista, 4; Vina, Huamachuco, 4. 298 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII bamba, Perico, Bellavista, Cajamarca, Cajabamba, Huamachuco, Vina). 1: Peru (Cajamarca, 1). *Coereba flaveola pacifica Lowe.1 PACIFIC BANANAQUIT. Coereba pacifica Lowe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 29, p. 85, 1912 — Pacasmayo, Dept. Libertad, Peru (type in British Museum); idem, Ibis, 1912, p. 503 — Eten, Pacasmayo, Chepen, and Chimbote, Peru (crit.). Certhiola peruviana (not of Cabanis) Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 225— Pacasmayo; idem, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 439, 1884— part, Pacas- mayo and Paucal. Certhiola mexicana (not of Sclater, 1856) Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 38, 1886 — part, spec, p', Pacasmayo. Range. — Pacific slope of western Peru, in depts. of Lambayeque (Eten), Libertad (Pacasmayo, Chepen, Paucal, Menocucho), and Ancachs (Chimbote). 1: Peru (Menocucho, 1). *Coereba flaveola gorgonae Thayer and Bangs.2 GORGONA ISLAND BANANAQUIT. Coereba gorgonae Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, p. 97, 1905 — Gorgona Island, off Colombia (type in coll. of E. A. and O. Bangs, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 394, 1930); Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 510— Gorgona Island. Certhiola mexicana (not of Sclater, 1856) Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 38, 1888 — part, spec, w, Gorgona Island. Range. — Gorgona Island, off Colombia. 2: Gorgona Island. 1 Coereba flaveola pacifica Lowe: Nearest to C. /. intermedia and about the same size, but with shorter bill; back less sooty; throat markedly paler gray (pallid neutral gray rather than neutral gray); yellow of under parts lighter, strontian yellow instead of wax yellow; flanks and anal region buffy grayish, not bright yellow like the remainder of the under parts as in intermedia. In coloration, this form very nearly duplicates C. /. magnirostris, but is considerably smaller and has a much shorter, slenderer bill. Wing, 56-58; tail, 34-36; bill, 10-11. Additional material examined. — Peru: Eten, Lambayeque, 1; Pacasmayo, Libertad, 1. 2 Coereba flaveola gorgonae Thayer and Bangs: Nearest to C. f. intermedia, but sides of throat and malar region finely barred with dusky; back darker, sooty black, nearly as dark as the crown; white alar speculum reduced to a mere dot; white apical spots to lateral rectrices less extensive. Wing, 55-57, (female) 52-53; tail, 32, (female) 29-32; bill, 12-13. Certain specimens from northwestern Ecuador approach this well-marked insular form in one or the other character, thus showing their close relationship. The dusky-barred malar region recalls C. f. caucae, from which C. /. gorgonae is, however, easily distinguished by the nearly plain white superciliaries, more blackish mantle, much smaller alar speculum, and much darker (neutral gray instead of pale neutral gray) throat. Additional material examined. — Gorgona Island, 3. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 299 Coereba flaveola caucae Chapman.1 CAUCA BANANAQUIT. Coereba mexicana caucae Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 33, p. 186, 1914 — Call, Cauca Valley, Colombia (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, I.e., 36, p. 579, 1917 — Cali, Las Lomitas, east of Palmira, San Antonio, and Rio Frio, Colombia. Coereba chloropyga mexicana (not Certhiola mexicana Sclater) Hellmayr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911, p. 1098 — Pueblo Rico, western Andes, Colombia. Coereba luteola (not Certhiola luteola Cabanis) Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 501 (in text) — Juntas [Cauca], Colombia. Range. — Western Colombia, in the upper Cauca Valley and on the adjoining slopes of the western and Central Andes. *Coereba flaveola mexicana (Sclater). MEXICAN BANANAQUIT. Certhiola mexicana Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 24, p. 286, 1856 — southern Mexico [= Cordova or Jalapa, Vera Cruz] (type in British Museum); idem, I.e., 27, pp. 364, 376, 1859— Jalapa, Vera Cruz, and Playa Vicente, Oaxaca; Salvin, Ibis, 1861, p. 352— Chisec, Vera Paz; Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 54, 1862 — Jalapa and Choctum, Vera Paz; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 271 — part, Mexico (crit.); Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, p. 98, 1868— Turrialba and "Aleno" [=Atenas], Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 297, 1869 — Costa Rica; Sunde- vall, Ofvers. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., 26, p. 623, 1869— Mexico (crit.); Finsch, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 21, p. 772, 1871— part, Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Chiriqui (Bugaba); Boucard, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, (n.s.), 25, p. 42, 1878 — Guatemala; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 250, 1883 — part, Mexico (Jalapa, Playa Vicente), Guatemala (Choctum), Costa Rica (Turrialba, Atenas), and Panama (David, Bugaba, Cordillera del Chucu); Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 38, 1886 — part, spec, a-o, Jalapa, Choctum (Guatemala), Costa Rica (Turrialba), Bugaba (Chiriqui), and Cordillera del Chucu (Veragua). Certhiola luteola (not of Cabanis) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 8, p. 175, 1865— David, Chiriqui; Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 137— David; idem, I.e., 1870, p. 185 — Cordillera del Chucu, Veragua, and Bugaba, Chiriquf. Coereba mexicana Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 108, 1887 — Naranjo de Cartago and Volcan de Barba, Costa Rica; Cherrie, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 4, p. 137, 1893— Boruca, Terraba, 1 Coereba flaveola caucae Chapman: Most nearly related to C. f. columbiana, but white superciliaries much narrower and variegated with dusky edges, and throat paler, nearly pale neutral gray, finely vermiculated with dusky laterally and on malar region. Wing, 57, (female) 52; tail, 33-35; bill, 11-12. The specimen from Pueblo Rico recorded by me as C. c. mexicana proves, on reexamination, to be identical with topotypes kindly forwarded by Dr. Chap- man. The restricted dusky-edged superciliaries and the freckled malar region serve to distinguish this form at first sight. Material examined. — Colombia, western Andes: Pueblo Rico, 1; Las Lomitas, 1; Cali, Cauca, 2. 300 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII and Buenos Aires, Costa Rica; Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 488, 1893 — Greytown, Nicaragua, and Rio Frio, Costa Rica; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 409, 1902— part, Mexican, Guatemalan, Costa Rican, and west Panama localities and references; Bangs, Auk, 18, p. 369, 1901— Divala, Chiriqui; idem, Auk, 24, p. 308, 1907— Boruca and Barranca de TeYraba, Costa Rica; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 819, 1910— Guayabo, Bonilla, Carrillo, El General de Te>raba, Pozo Azul de Pirris, Guacimo, Guapiles, El Hogar, and Boruca, Costa Rica (habits); Ferry, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 275, 1910— Guayabo, Costa Rica; Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 499 — Mexico to western Panama (crit.); Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 12, No. 8, p. 35, 1919— San Juan del Norte, Nicaragua. Coereba mexicana mexicana Kennard and Peters, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 38, p. 461, 1928 — Almirante, Panama; Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 339, 1931 — Changuinola, Almirante, Western River, Shepherd Island, and Gerchow Key, western Panama; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 370, 1932 — Finca Chamd, Chimoxan, and Finca Sepacuite, Guatemala. Range. — Southeastern Mexico, in states of Vera Cruz (Jalapa) and Oaxaca (Playa Vicente), and in Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and western Panama, as far east as Veragua.1 11: Guatemala (Vera Paz, 1); Costa Rica (Guayabo, 3; Guacimo, 1; El Pozo, Rio Te'rraba, 3; El General, 1; Boruca, 1; Buenos Aires, 1). *Coereba flaveola ferryi Cory.2 TORTUGA BANANAQUIT. 1 Birds from Costa Rica agree with a series from Guatemala and a single Jalapa specimen. We have not seen any Veraguan material, which Lowe refers to the present form, but two skins from extreme western Panama (Chiriquf) do not differ in any way from others of more northern origin. The duller, more greenish yellow rump and the slightly paler, more olivaceous mantle serve to distinguish this race from columbiana. Additional material examined. — Mexico: Jalapa, Vera Cruz, 1. — Guatemala: Choctum, 1; Vera Paz (unspecified), 4. — Costa Rica: Boruca, 4. — Panama: Bugaba, Chiriqui, 2. 2 Coereba flaveola ferryi Cory: Most closely related to C. /. luteola, but forehead with a varying amount of white; back slightly duller, more fuscous and less sooty; uropygial area, though of equal extent, not quite so bright, strontian yellow rather than lemon chrome; throat slightly darker gray; inner secondaries with narrow pale grayish apical margins; extreme base of gape with suggestion of a bright- colored tumid rictus. Wing, 58-60, (female) 55; tail, 38-41, (female) 36; bill, This race is of unusual interest, proving as it does that even the bright tumid rictus heretofore considered an exclusive character of the Antillean forms is not an absolute criterion for their separation. While the continental C. f. luteola is entirely deprived of this peculiarity, the Tortuga birds, at the extreme base of the bill, show a distinct, though slight indication of such a development, which signifies an undeniable approach to C. /. uropygialis of the Dutch West Indies. Other points of passage in that direction are found in the duller coloration of the back and rump, as well as in the narrow grayish apical edges to the inner secondaries of the Tortuga form. The white color on the forehead is subject to considerable individual variation; it is never abruptly defined posteriorly and gives the effect of an irregular albinistic mutation. Scattered white feathers in the middle of the forehead are of fairly frequent occurrence in uropygialis too, and certain individuals 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 301 Coereba ferryi Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 221, 1909 — Tortuga Island (type in Field Museum); Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 528 — Tortuga (ex Cory). Range. — Island of Tortuga (west of Margarita Island), off Venezuela. 8: Tortuga Island. *Coereba flaveola uropygialis Berlepsch.1 CURACAO BANANAQUIT. Coereba uropygialis Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 40, p. 77, 1892 — Curagao (type in Berlepsch Collection, now in Senckenbergian Natural History Museum, Frankfort); Robinson, Flying Trip to Tropics, p. 165, 1895 — Curasao; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 420, 1902— Curasao (monog.); Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, pp. 202, 208, 213, 254, 1909— Aruba, Curacao, and Bonaire; Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 523 (monog.). Certhiola uropygialis Hartert, Ibis, 1893, pp. 295, 312, 327 — Aruba, Curasao, and Bonaire (crit., nest and eggs descr.). Coereba flaveola uropygialis Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 297, 1902 — Curacao, Bonaire, and Aruba (crit.). Range. — Islands of Aruba, Curacao, and Bonaire, Caribbean Sea. 38: Aruba, 13; Curasao, 10; Bonaire, 15. *Coereba flaveola lowii Cory.2 Los ROQUES BANANAQUIT. Coereba lowii Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 217, Oct., 1909— Los Roques, off Venezuela (type in Field Museum); Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 528 (ex Cory). have hardly less white than the specimen with the minimum amount from Tortuga. C. /. ferryi is provided with a white alar speculum of the same extent as C. /. luteola, whereas in C. /. uropygialis the white is either wholly concealed or shows, at best, for the distance of one or two millimeters beyond the tips of the primary coverts. The gray of the throat is, as a rule, darker than in luteola, and in one or two examples fully as deep as in the type of C. I. obscura. The white apical spots on the lateral rectrices are often, but not constantly, more extensive than in luteola. The superciliaries are always white. 1 Coereba flaveola uropygialis Berlepsch: Nearly allied to C. f. ferryi, but without a visible white alar speculum; upper parts less sooty, with the urqpygial area more reduced and more greenish yellow; throat never gray, the chin and the lateral portions being black, the remainder white; bright-colored tumid rictus much more strongly developed. The grayish apical edges to the inner secondaries, besides, are wider, and similar markings are also found on the greater upper wing coverts. There is some local variation in this form. Birds from Bonaire are on average darker above and have more white on the throat, whereas males from Curasao have the least amount of it. Exceptions are, however, frequent, and I do not see any sufficient reason for further subdivision. 1 Coereba flaveola lowii Cory: Nearly related to, and agreeing with, C.f. aterrima in the possession of a very conspicuous bright-colored tumid rictus, but readily distinguishable by having the back and upper wing coverts chaetura-drab, much paler and grayer than the black head; the edges to the remiges also paler, less sooty; the breast and middle of the abdomen much more strongly tinged with 302 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Range. — Los Roques Island, east of Bonaire, in the southern Caribbean Sea. 4: Los Roques. *Goereba flaveola laurae Lowe.1 TESTIGOS BANANAQUIT. Coereba laurae Lowe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 21, p. 108, 1908— Los Testigos (type in collection of P. R. Lowe); idem, Ibis, 1909, p. 320— Los Testi- gos (crit.); Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 232, 1909— Los Testigos (crit.); Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 527 — Los Testigos (monog.). Range. — Los Testigos Islands, north of Venezuela. 8: Los Testigos. *Coereba flaveola aterrima (Lesson).2 GRENADA BANANAQUIT. Dicaeum aterrimum Lesson, Traite d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 303, Sept., 1830 — locality unknown (=melanotic form; type in Paris Museum examined); Pucheran, Rev. Zool., 9, p. 135, 1846— "St. Thomas" (crit.). olive; the lower abdomen and under tail coverts grayish olive instead of sooty gray; the uropygial patch somewhat brighter olive. Wings and tail are longer, and the bill, while of the same length, is stouter and less curved, recalling in shape that of C. f. laurae. Wing, 62, (female) 56; tail, 43, (female) 38; bill, 11-12. A well-marked form of which only the four specimens listed above are known. All are in the melanotic plumage. Two are adult; the two others are molting and, if the abraded light yellowish olive feathers retained along the middle of the breast are the remnants of the juvenile plumage, this would seem to be quite different from the garb of the mature birds. It remains to be ascertained by further exploration whether C. /. lowii is dimorphic like the races living on Grenada and St. Vincent, or whether the mela- notic variety alone has survived. 1 Coereba flaveola laurae Lowe: Resembles C. /. airata in measurements of wing and tail as well as in coloration, but differs by lacking the bright crimson, tumid rictus and also by decidedly stronger, more elongated, apically less curved bill. Wing, 59-63, (female) 55-58; tail, 37-43, (female) 35-38; bill, 14-15. Twelve specimens, adult and young, are all in the melanotic phase, and as also Dr. P. R. Lowe and the late Comte de Dalmas, the only other visitors on the islands, encountered only black birds, it may be taken for granted that no yellow- bellied variety exists on Los Testigos. In general coloration, viz., in having a distinct, though slight olive tinge on rump and posterior under parts, C. /. laurae comes pretty close to C. /. atrata, but is, if anything, somewhat blacker above, not "grayer" as stated by the describer. The bill, however, is much larger, both stouter and longer, and less curved in its apical portion. Not one of the twelve specimens shows the slightest trace of a crimson, tumid rictus, the bill being entirely black as in C. f. luteola. Additional material examined. — Los Testigos, 4. 1 Coereba flaveola aterrima (Lesson) exists in two varieties long regarded as different species. The normal form with white superciliaries, olive-yellow uropygial patch, white alar speculum, white tips to lateral rectrices, and yellow under parts, is not unlike C. /. luteola, but may be distinguished by blackish slate (instead of black) upper parts, less extensive and duller, olive yellow rather than lemon chrome rump patch, dark slate gray (instead of neutral gray) throat, and duller, lemon- yellow ventral surface. The melanotic form (aterrima, wellsi) is blackish (without any white on wings or tail excepting buffy whitish margins to the inner webs of the remiges), though rump, breast, and middle of the abdomen, i.e. those parts that are yellow in the normal form (morrisi), show a more or less pronounced olive-greenish 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 303 Coereba aterrima Hellmayr, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, p. 197, 1917 — Grenada (crit. on type). Certhiola wellsi Cory, Auk, 6, p. 219, 1889— Grenada (type in coll. of C. B. Cory, now in Field Museum). Coereba wellsi Cory, Auk, 8, p. 40, 1891 — Grenada; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 423, 1902— Grenada (monog.); Clark, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 32, p. 292, 1905 — Grenada and Grenadines (crit., nest and eggs descr.); idem, Auk, 23, p. 394, 1906 — Grenada and Grenadines (crit., bibliog.); Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 526 — Grenada (crit.). Cerlhiola atrata (not of Lawrence) Lawrence, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1, p. 269, 1878— Grenada; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 47, 1886— part, spec, b-d, Grenada; Wells, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 612, 1886— Grenada (nest and eggs descr.); Cory, Auk, 3, p. 53, 1886 — part, Grenada; idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 67, 1889— part, Grenada. Certhiola saccharina (not of Lawrence) Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5, pp. 28, 30, 1885— part, Grenada; Cory, Auk, 3, p. 50, 1886— part, Grenada; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 42, 1886— part, descr. and hab., Grenada; Wells, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 613, 1886— Grenadines (Isle de Rhonde and Carriacou; nest and eggs descr.); Cory, Bds. W. Ind., p. 64, 1889— part, Grenada. Coereba saccharina Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 415, 1902 — part, Grenada; Wells, Auk, 19, p. 348, 1902 — Carriacou (nest and eggs descr.); Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 523 — part, Grenada and Grenadines (crit.). [Coereba wellsi] normal form morrisi Clark, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 32, p. 293, 1905 — Point Saline, Grenada, and Grenadines (crit.). Range. — Island of Grenada and the Grenadines (Bequia, Bat- towia, Balliceaux, Mustique, Canouan, Mayreau, Union Island, Prune Island, Frigate Rock, Petit Martinique, Tobago Keys, Carriacou, and Isle de Rhonde), Lesser Antilles. 6: Grenada. *Coereba flaveola atrata (Lawrence).1 ST. VINCENT BANANAQUIT. Certhiola atrata Lawrence, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1, p. 150, June, 1878 — St. Vincent (=melanotic form; type in U. S. National Museum); idem, tinge. Both forms are possessed with the bright-colored tumid rictus characteristic of all the Antillean Bananaquits. Wing, 57-61, (female) 54-57; tail, 36-38, (female) 33-35; bill, 12-13^. That the black individuals merely represent a melanotic "phase" appears to me quite certain. The normal form (morrisi) has become very rare on the main island of Grenada, where the blackish variety is the dominant one. On the Grenadines, however, only yellow-bellied birds are reported to occur. The type of D. aterrimum, when compared to a good series of Grenada skins, is found to agree in every respect. The locality "St. Thomas," cited by Pucheran, is without question erroneous. Additional material examined. — Grenada, 7; Isle de Rhonde, Grenadines, 9. 1 Coereba flaveola atrata (Lawrence) is exceedingly close to C. /. aterrima, but may be recognized by its larger size and somewhat longer as well as more robust bill. The normal form (saccharina) is identical in coloration, whereas the mel- anotic form (atrata) is of a deeper, more uniform black, very rarely with a faint 304 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1, p. 190, 1878— St. Vincent; Lister, Ibis, 1880, p. 40— St. Vincent; Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, p. 28, 1885— part, St. Vincent; Cory, Ibis, 1886, p. 473— St. Vincent; idem, Auk, 3, p. 53, 1886 — part, St. Vincent; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 47, 1886— part, spec, a, St. Vincent; Cory, Bds. W. Ind., p. 67, 1889— part, St. Vincent; Nicoll, Ibis, 1904, p. 563— St. Vincent (crit.). Coereba atrata Cory, Auk, 8, p. 40, 1891— St. Vincent; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 422, 1902— St. Vincent (monog.); Clark, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 32, p. 292, 1905— St. Vincent (crit., nest and eggs); idem, Auk, 23, p. 393, 1906 — St. Vincent (monog.); Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 525 — St. Vincent (crit.); Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 539, 1928— St. Vincent. Certhiola saccharine Lawrence, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1, No. 5, p. 151, June, 1878 — St. Vincent (=normal form; type in U. S. National Museum); idem, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1, p. 190, 1878— St. Vincent; Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, p. 28, 1885— part, St. Vincent; Cory, Ibis, 1886, p. 473— St. Vincent; idem, Auk, 3, p. 50, 1886 — part, St. Vincent; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 42, 1886— part, St. Vincent; Cory, Bds. W. Ind., p. 64, 1889— part, St. Vincent. Coereba saccharina Cory, Auk, 8, p. 39, 1891 — St. Vincent; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 415, 1902— part, St. Vincent; Lowe, Ibis, 1909, p. 309— St. Vincent; idem, Ibis, 1912, p. 523— part, St. Vincent. Range. — Island of St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles. 16: St. Vincent. *Coereba flaveola barbadensis (Ridgway).1 BARBADOS BANANAQUIT. Certhiola barbadensis (Baird MS.) Ridgway, Amer. Natur., 7, p. 612, Oct., 1873 — Barbados (type in U. S. National Museum); Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, p. 28, 1885— Barbados (diag.); Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 46, 1886 — Barbados; Cory, Ibis, 1886, p. 472— Barbados; idem, Auk, 3, p. 52, 1886— Barbados (diag.); idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 66, 1889— Barbados; Feilden, Ibis, 1889, p. 482— Barbados (habits); Nicoll, Ibis, 1904, p. 556 — Barbados. Coereba barbadensis Cory, Auk, 8, p. 40, 1891 — Barbados (crit.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 420, 1902— Barbados (monog.); Clark, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 32, p. 292, 1905— Barbados (habits); Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 522 — Barbados (monog.); Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 539, 1928— Barbados (habits). olivaceous sheen in the middle portion of the lower parts. Wing, 60-64, (female) 57-59; tail, 38-42, (female) 33-36; bill, 14-15. The normal form (saccharina) is believed to be practically extinct nowadays. Lowe saw but a single specimen alive, while neither Clark nor Bond ever met with a yellow-bellied bird. Three skins of that variety in Field Museum were collected by Ober and W. E. Richardson in 1878 and 1886; the two others (undated) were obtained from a dealer. The bright-colored tumid rictus is quite conspicuous in the St. Vincent Bananaquit. 1 Coereba flaveola barbadensis (Ridgway) is closely similar to C. f, martinicana and differs chiefly by the lesser amount of white on the throat. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 305 Certhiola martinicana (not of Reichenbach) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 174— Barbados. Range. — Island of Barbados, Lesser Antilles. 7: Barbados. *Coereba flaveola martinicana (Reichenbach).1 MARTINIQUE BANANAQUIT. Certhiola martinicana Reichenbach, Handb. Spez. Orn., livr. 5, p. 252, pi. 561, fig. 3824, 1853 — Martinique (type probably in Dresden Museum); Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 271 (crit.); Finsch, Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesells. Wien, 21, p. 788, 1871 — Martinique and Santa Lucia (monog.); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, p. 269 — Santa Lucia; Semper, I.e., 1872, p. 649 — Santa Lucia (habits); Ridgway, Amer. Natur., 7, p. 612, 1873 — Martinique (diag.); Lawrence, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1, p. 354, 1879— Martinique; Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 5, p. 166, 1880— Santa Lucia; Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, p. 28, 1885— Martinique (diag.); Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 46, 1886— Martinique and Santa Lucia; Cory, Auk, 3, p. 52, 1886 — Santa Lucia and Martinique (crit.); idem, Auk, 4, p. 95, 1887 — Martinique; idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 66, 1889 — Santa Lucia and Martinique; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 395 — Santa Lucia; Nicoll, Ibis, 1904, p. 560— Santa Lucia. Coereba martinicana Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 129, 1890 — Santa Lucia; Cory, Auk, 8, p. 40, 1891 — Martinique and Santa Lucia (diag.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 421, 1902— Martinique and Santa Lucia (monog.); Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 521 — same localities (monog.); Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 539, 1928 — Santa Lucia. Certhiola martinicensis Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, pi. 5, fig. 1, 1886. Certhiola albigula Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 38, p. 259, 1854 — Martinique (type in Paris Museum examined); idem, Not. Orn. Coll. Delattre, p. 57, 1854 — Martinique (repr. orig. descr.); Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 167— Martinique; Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., 26, p. 624, 1869— Martinique (crit.). Certhiola finschi Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, pp. 25, 30, 1885— "Dominica" (?), locality unquestionably incorrect (type in U. S. National Museum); Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 47, 1886 (ex Ridgway).1 Certhiola flaveola (?) (not Certhia flaveola Linnaeus) Newton, Ibis, 1862, p. 288 — Martinique. Certhiola dominicana (not of Taylor) Cory, Ibis, 1886, p. 475 — Santa Lucia. 1 Coereba flaveola martinicana (Reichenbach), in coloration of throat, resembles C./. uropygialis, but differs by blacker upper parts, much shorter superciliaries, and much duller yellow, laterally olive-tinged under parts. There does not seem to be any constant difference between the birds of the two islands. * The yellow-browed birds described as C. finschi are now known to be specifi- cally identical with those having white superciliaries. Similar variation occurs in C. f. uropygialis. 306 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Range. — Islands of Santa Lucia and Martinique, Lesser Antilles. 11: Santa Lucia, 8; Martinique, 3. *Coereba flaveola bartholemica (Span-man).1 ST. BARTHOLOMEW BANANAQUIT. Certhia barthokmica Sparrman, Mus. Carlson., fasc. 3, pi. 57, 1788 — St. Bartholomew (type in coll. of Fahlberg, Stockholm, probably lost). Certhiola bart[h]olemica Sundevall, Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., 2, No. 3, p. 10, 1857 — St. Bartholomew; idem, Ofvers. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., 26, p. 584, 1869 — St. Bartholomew (nest and eggs descr.); idem, I.e., p. 622, 1869 — St. Bartholomew (monog.); Finsch, Verb. Zool. Bot. Gesells. Wien, 21, p. 763, 1871 — part, St. Bartholomew (monog.); Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, pp. 28, 30, 1885 — St. Bartholomew (diag.); Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 42, 1886— St. Bartholomew; Cory, Auk, 3, p. 50, 1886 — St. Bartholomew (diag.); idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 64, 1889— St. Bartholomew; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1892, p. 499— Anguilla. Coereba bartolemica Cory, Auk, 8, pp. 39, 46, 1891 — St. Bartholomew and Anguilla (crit.); idem, Cat. Bds. W. Ind., p. 154, 1892 (crit.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 419, 1902— St. Bartholomew, St. Eustatius, Anguilla, and Saba (monog.); Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 518 — St. Bartholomew, St. Martins, Anguilla, and Saba (monog.). Coereba bartolemica bartolemica Peters, Auk, 44, p. 537, 1927 — Anguilla; Danforth, Auk, 47, p. 47, 1930— St. Martin and St. Eustatius. Certhiola dominicana Taylor, Ibis, 6, p. 167, 1864 — Dominica (type in coll. of E. C. Taylor, now in British Museum); Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.- Akad. Forhandl., 26, p. 623, 1869 (ex Taylor); Finsch, Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesells. Wien, 21, p. 787, 1871 — Dominica (crit.); Lawrence, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1, pp. 56, 233, 239, 1878 — Dominica (nest and eggs), Antigua, and Barbuda; idem, I.e., 1, p. 455, 1879 — Guadeloupe (crit.); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 765— Montserrat; Grisdale, Ibis, 1882, p. 486— Montserrat; Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, pp. 28, 30, 1 Coereba flaveola bartholemica (Sparrman) differs readily from C. /. martini- cana and C. /. barbadensis by its uniformly slate-colored throat. Attempts at subdividing this form into two races have been made by both Ridgway and Lowe, but with a selected series of specimens from most of the islands including topotypes of bartholemica, dominicana, frontalis (=atlantica), and sundevalli I am unable to verify any of the supposed characters. As has been correctly pointed out by Noble, neither the intensity of the coloration of the lower parts nor the extent of the white superciliaries has any geographical significance, being completely bridged by individual variation among specimens from the same island. There may be possibly a slight tendency to a darker slaty throat in the southern islands (Guadeloupe to Dominica), but even in that respect several birds from St. Kitts cannot be told from others collected in Dominica. The white wing-spot, though perhaps more frequently suggested in examples from St. Bar- tholomew, St. Kitts, and Anguilla, is too variable a feature to admit more than one form. Birds with partly yellow superciliaries (sundevalli) and those with a whitish frontal band (frontalis) are not confined to any particular island, and fall within the range of individual variation. Additional material examined. — Guadeloupe (Basse Terre), 5. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 307 1885 — Dominica, Antigua, Barbuda, Nevis, St. Eustatius, Guadeloupe, and Saba; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 44, pi. 5, fig. 2, 1886— Dominica and Montserrat; Cory, Auk, 3, p. 51, 1886 — Dominica, Antigua, Barbuda, Nevis, St. Eustatius, Guadeloupe, and Saba (diag., crit.); idem, Ibis, 1886, pp. 473, 474 — Marie Galante, La Desirade, and Grande Terre; idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 65, 1889 — Dominica, Antigua, Barbuda, Nevis, St. Eustatius, Guadeloupe, and Saba; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 326— Dominica; Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., 8, p. 340, 1892— Dominica (crit., nest and eggs descr.); Nicoll, Ibis, 1904, pp. 569, 572, 573, 574 — Dominica (Roseau Harbour), Montserrat, St. Kitts, and Antigua. Coereba dominicana Cory, Auk, 8, p. 39, 1891 — Dominica, Marie Galante, Desirade, Barbuda, Nevis, St. Kitts, St. Eustatius, and Saba; idem, Auk, 8, pp. 47, 48, 49, 1891— Antigua, St. Eustatius, St. Christopher, and Guadeloupe; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 417, 1902 — Dominica, Guadeloupe, Nevis, Barbuda, Antigua (monog.); Riley, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 47, p. 290, 1904— Barbuda and Antigua; Noble, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 60, p. 389, 1916— Sainte Claude and Sainte Rose, Guadeloupe (crit.); Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 539, 1928— Dominica. Coereba bartolemica dominicana Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 520 — Dominica, Guade- loupe, Montserrat, Nevis, and St. Christopher (crit.). Certhi ola frontalis (Baird MS.) Ridgway, Amer. Natur., 7, p. 612, Oct., 1873 — Antigua (type in U. S. National Museum). Certhiola sundevalli Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, p. 28, 1885 — Dominica and Guadeloupe (type from Guadeloupe in U. S. National Museum); Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 44, 1886 (ex Ridgway). Coereba atlantica Lowe, Ibis, (9), 6, p. 519 (in text), 1912 — Antigua. Certhiola flaveola (not Certhia flaveola Linnaeus) Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 38, p. 259, 1854— St. Bartholomew (diag.); idem, Not. Orn. Coll. Delattre, p. 51, 1854 (reprint). Range. — Islands of Anguilla, St. Martin, St. Bartholomew, Barbuda, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Christopher (St. Kitts), Nevis, Antigua, Montserrat, Guadeloupe, La Desirade, Marie Galante, and Dominica, Lesser Antilles. 57: Anguilla, 2; St. Bartholomew, 11; St. Eustatius, 6; St. Chris- topher (St. Kitts), 13; Antigua, 8; Guadeloupe, 6; La Desirade, 2; Marie Galante, 6; Dominica, 2; Grande Terre, 1. *Coereba flaveola newtoni Ridgway.1 ST. CROIX BANANAQUIT. Certhiola newtoni (Baird MS.) Ridgway, Amer. Natur., 7, p. 611, 1873 — St. Croix (type lost, formerly in U. S. National Museum); Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, pp. 28, 30, 1885— St. Croix (diag.); Cory, Auk, 1 Coereba flaveola newtoni (Ridgway), by possessing a conspicuous white alar speculum, approaches C. /. portoricensis and C. /. sancti-thomae, but may be distin- guished by much darker slaty throat and duller, more olive-yellow uropygial area. 308 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 3, p. 51, 1886— St. Croix (diag.); Sclater, Cat. Eds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 43, 1886— St. Croix; Cory, Bds. W. Ind., p. 65, 1889— St. Croix; Nicoll, Ibis, 1904, p. 575— St. Croix. Coereba newtoni Cory, Auk, 8, p. 39, 1891— St. Croix (diag.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 416, 1902— St. Croix; Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 513 — St. Croix (monog.); Wetmore, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Is., 9, p. 502, 1927— St. Croix. Certhiola flaveola (?) (not Certhia flaveola Linnaeus) Newton, Ibis, 1859, p. 67, pi. 12, fig. 3 (egg)— St. Croix; Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 54, 1862 — part, spec, e-h, St. Croix. Certhiola sp. Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., 26, p. 623, 1869— St. Croix (crit.). Certhiola bartholemica (not Cerihia bartholemica Sparrman) Finsch, Verb. Zool. Bot. Gesells. Wien, 21, p. 763, 1871— part, St. Croix. Range. — Island of St. Croix, Greater Antilles. 25: St. Croix. *Coereba flaveola sancti-thomae (Sundevall).1 VIRGIN ISLANDS BANANAQUIT. Certhiola s:ti Thomae* [sic] Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., 26, p. 621, 1869— based on Certhiola flaveola Newton (Ibis, 1859, p. 68) ex St. Thomas. Certhiola sancti-thomae Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, pp. 28, 29, 1885 — St. Thomas and St. John (type from St. Thomas in U. S. National Mu- seum); Cory, Auk, 3, p. 48, 1886— St. Thomas and St. John (crit.); Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 42, 1886— St. Thomas; Cory, Bds. W. Ind., p. 62, 1889— St. Thomas and St. John (crit., variation). Certhiola flaveola (not Certhia flaveola Linnaeus) Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 377— St. Thomas; idem, I.e., 1864, p. 271— part, St. Thomas; Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 54, 1862 — part, spec, b, St. Thomas. Certhiola portoricensis (not of Bryant) Finsch, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 21, p. 760, 1871— part, St. Thomas (crit.); Ridgway, Amer. Natur., 7, p. 611, 1873— part, St. Thomas; idem, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 7, p. 172, 1884— St. Thomas; Cory, Auk, 3, p. 48, 1886— part, St. Thomas; Nicoll, Ibis, 1904, p. 576— St. Thomas. Coereba dominicensis (not C. dominicana Taylor) Cory, Auk, 7, p. 374, 1890 — Anegada. Coereba portoricensis Cory, Auk, 7, pp. 374, 375, 1890 — St. Thomas, Tortola, and Virgin Gorda; idem, Auk, 8, p. 38, 1891 — part, Culebra, Anegada, 1 Coereba flaveola sancti-thomae (Sundevall) : Very close to C. /. portoricensis, but under parts generally of a brighter, clearer yellow and flanks somewhat paler. Certain specimens from Virgin Gorda approach C. /. newtoni in the dull olive- yellow rump, but their throats are markedly paler. 1 The specific name, though not printed in italics, appears to be intended as a Latin term for the St. Thomas bird characterized by Newton. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 309 Tortola, Virgin Gorda, St. Thomas, and St. John; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 412, 1902 — part, Vieques, Culebra, Anegada, Tortola, Virgin Gorda, St. Thomas, and St. John; Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 512 — part, Vieques, Culebra, St. Thomas, and Virgin Islands (crit.); Wetmore, Auk, 33, p. 418, 1916— Vieques; idem, Auk, 34, pp. 55, 62, 1917 — Culebra, Culebrita, and Louis Pena. Coereba portoricensis sancti-thomae Wetmore, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Is., 9, p. 501, 1927— Virgin Islands (crit.). Range. — Virgin Islands (islands of Vieques, Culebra, Culebrita, Louis Pena, St. Thomas, St. John, Virgin Gorda, Tortola, and Anegada), Greater Antilles. 60: St. Thomas, 5; St. John, 1; Virgin Gorda, 25; Tortola, 4; Anegada, 25. "Coereba flaveola portoricensis (Bryant).1 PORTO RICAN BANANAQUIT. Certhiola flaveola var. portoricensis Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 10, p. 252, 1866 — Porto Rico (type in U. S. National Museum). Certhiola portoricensis Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., 26, pp. 598, 622, 1869— Porto Rico (monog.); Finsch, Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesells. Wien, 21, p. 760, 1871 — part, Porto Rico (crit.); Ridgway, Amer. Natur., 7, p. 611, 1873— part, Porto Rico; Gundlach, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 312, 1874— Porto Rico; idem, I.e., 26, p. 179, 1878— Porto Rico (habits, nest and eggs descr.); idem, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 7, p. 216, 1878 — Porto Rico; Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, pp. 28, 29, 1885— Porto Rico; Cory, Auk, 3, p. 48, 1886— part, Porto Rico; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 41, 1886— Porto Rico; Cory, Bds. W. Ind., p. 62, 1889— part, Porto Rico. Coereba portoricensis Cory, Auk, 8, p. 38, 1891 — part, Porto Rico; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 412, 1902— part, Porto Rico; Bowdish, Auk, 20, p. 17, 1903— Porto Rico (habits); Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 512— part, Porto Rico (crit.); Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric., 326, p. 109, 1916— Porto Rico (habits, food); Struthers, Auk, 40, p. 477, 1923— Porto Rico; Danforth, Journ. Dept. Agric. Porto Rico, 10, p. 115, 1926 — Cartagena Lagoon (habits). Coereba portoricensis portoricensis Wetmore, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Is., 9, p. 498, 1927— Porto Rico (life history). Nectarinia flaveola (not Certhia flaveola Linnaeus) Moritz, Arch. Naturg., 2, p. 387, 1836— Porto Rico. Certhiola flaveola Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 166— Porto Rico. Range. — Island of Porto Rico, Greater Antilles. 54: Porto Rico (Mayagiiez, 54). 1 Coereba flaveola portoricensis (Bryant), while similar in general to C. /. banan- ivora, may be distinguished by blacker upper parts; clearer slate-gray throat; much longer white tips to lateral rectrices, etc. 310 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII *Coereba flaveola bananivora (Gmelin). HAITIAN BANANAQUIT. Motacilla bananivora Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 951, 1789 — based on "Bananiste" Buff on, Hist. Nat. Ois., 5, p. 332; Santo Domingo. Certhiola bananivora Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 11, p. 95, 1867 — Santo Domingo; Ridgway, Amer. Natur., 7, p. 612, 1873 — Haiti and Santo Domingo (diag.); idem, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, pp. 28, 30, 1885 — Haiti (diag.); Cory, Bds. Haiti and San Domingo, p. 41, pi. [21], fig. 1, 1885 — Santo Domingo (Samana, Puerto Plata) and Haiti (Le Coup); Cory, Auk, 3, p. 49, 1886— Santo Domingo (crit.); Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 40, 1886— Samana, Santo Domingo; Cory, Bds. W. Ind., p. 63, 1889— Santo Domingo; Christy, Ibis, 1897, p. 321— Sanchez and La Vega, Santo Domingo (tongue, food). Coereba bananivora Cory, Auk, 8, p. 38, 1891 — Haiti and Santo Domingo; Cherrie, Field Columb. Mus., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 12, 1896 — Santo Domingo City (crit., habits); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 411, 1902— Haiti (monog.); Verrill and Verrill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 61, p. 364, 1909 — Dominican Republic; Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 511 — Haiti (monog.); Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61, p. 423, 1917 — Monte Cristi and Sosua, Dominican Republic; Kaempfer, Journ. Orn., 72, p. 184, 1924 — Santo Domingo (habits); Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 511, 1928— Haiti (habits); Danforth, Auk, 46, p. 372, 1929— Hato Mayor, San Juan, and Gonave; Moltoni, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., 68, p. 322, 1929— Haina and San Juan, Haiti. Coereba bananivora bananivora Wetmore and Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 363, 1931 — Hispaniola, Gonave, and Petite Cayemite (life history); idem, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 81, art. 2, p. 33, 1932— Gonave Island, Baradere Peninsula, Petite Cayemite Island, Bug Island (near Corail), and He a Vache (crit.). Certhiola clusiae (Wurttemberg MS.)1 Finsch, Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesells. Wien, 21, p. 771, 1871 — Santo Domingo (type in Bremen Museum). Certhiola cluciae Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CL, 6, p. 151, 1881— Petionville, Haiti. Certhiola (?) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 25, p. 233, 1857— Haiti. Range. — Island of Hispaniola, including Gonave, Petite Caye- mite, Bug, and Vache Island, Greater Antilles. 78: Haiti (Le Coup, 4; Kenskoff, 1; Jacmel, 1; Aux Cayes, 1); Dominican Republic (Santo Domingo City, 20; Maniel, 1; Aguacate, 13; Catare, 8; Puerto Plata, 18; Samana, 11). Coereba flaveola nectarea Wetmore.2 TORTUE ISLAND BANANAQUIT. 1 Certhiola clusiae, as published by Hartlaub (Naumannia, 2, Heft 2, p. 56, 1852), is a nomen nudum. 2 Coereba flaveola nectarea Wetmore, unknown to the writer, is stated to be similar to C. /. bananivora, but to differ by having the throat and foreneck slightly darker gray. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 311 Coereba bananivora nectarea Wetmore, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 118, 1929 — Tortue Island, Haiti (type in U. S. National Museum); Wetmore and Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 366, 1931— Tortue Island. Range. — Tortue Island, north of Haiti, Greater Antilles. *Coereba flaveola flaveola (Linnaeus).1 JAMAICAN BANANAQUIT. Certhia flaveola Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 119, 1758 — based upon "Luscinia s. Philomela e fusco et luteo varia" Sloane (Nat. Hist. Jamaica, 2, p. 307, pi. 259, fig. 3) and "The Black and Yellow Creeper" Edwards (Nat. Hist. Bds., 3, p. 122, pi. 122, left fig.), Jamaica; Denny, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 15, p. 39, 1847— Jamaica and Cuba(!). Coereba flaveola Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Ame"r. Sept., 2, p. 70, 1807 (in part) ; Cory, Auk, 8, p. 38, 1891— Jamaica (diag.); Scott, Auk, 10, p. 339, 1893— Boston, Jamaica; Field, Auk, 11, p. 127, 1894 — Port Henderson, Jamaica; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 414, 1902— Jamaica (monog.); Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 511 — Jamaica (monog.); Danforth, Auk, 45, p. 489, 1928— Jamaica. Certhiola flaveola Gosse, Bds. Jamaica, p. 84, 1847 — Jamaica (habits, nest, and eggs); Newton, Ibis, 1859, p. 67 — part, Jamaica (crit.); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, p. 73 — Jamaica; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 54, 1862 — part, spec, c, d, Jamaica; March, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, p. 296 — Jamaica (nest and eggs descr.); Cassin, I.e., 1864, p. 271 — part, Jamaica; Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., 26, p. 621, 1869— Jamaica (monog.); Finsch, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 21, p. 756, 1871 — Jamaica (monog.); Ridgway, Amer. Natur., 7, p. 611, 1873— Jamaica (diag.); idem, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, pp. 28, 30, 1885— Jamaica (diag.); Cory, Auk, 3, p. 50, 1886 — Jamaica (diag.); Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 43, 1886— Jamaica; idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 64, 1889 — Jamaica; Nicoll, Ibis, 1904, p. 577 — Kingston, Jamaica. Certhiola minor Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 38, p. 259, 1854 — no locality stated (the type, examined in the Paris Museum, is from Jamaica); idem, Not. Orn. Coll. Delattre, p. 51, 1854 (reprint of orig. descr.). Range. — Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles. 32: Jamaica (Priestman's River, 3; unspecified, 29). "Coereba flaveola bahamensis (Reichenbach).2 BAHAMA BANANAQUIT. Certhiola bahamensis Reichenbach, Handb. Spez. Orn., livr. 5, p. 253, 1853 — based on "The Bahama Titmouse" Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, etc., 1 Coereba flaveola flaveola (Linnaeus) differs from C. /. bananivora chiefly by darker, more blackish slate gular area; deeper, brownish or wax yellow chest; deep black, instead of sooty blackish, upper parts; and more extensive white alar speculum. Additional material examined. — Jamaica: Kingston, 3; St. Andrews, 3. 2 Coereba flaveola bahamensis (Reichenbach) differs from the other races found in the western part of the Caribbean Sea by the lesser extent of yellow underneath and the buffy grayish abdomen. 312 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 1, p. 59, pi. 59, Bahama Islands; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 271 (ex Catesby); Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 11, p. 66, 1866 — Inagua; Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., 26, p. 624, 1869— Bahamas; Finsch, Verb. Zool. Bot. Gesells. Wien, 21, p. 752, 1871— Indian Key and Inagua, Bahamas (monog.); Ridgway, Amer. Natur., 7, p. 612, 1873 — Bahamas and Florida Keys; Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 428, pi. 19, fig. 5, 1874; Cory, Auk, 3, p. 47, 1886 — Bahamas (diag.); Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5, pp. 27, 29, 1885 — Bahamas and coast of southern Florida; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 37, 1886 — Inagua and New Providence; Cory, Bds. W. Ind., p. 61, 1889; idem, Bds. Bahama Is., p. 76, 1890— Bahamas. Certhiola bairdii Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 13, p. 412, 1865 — based on Certhiola flaveola (not Certhia flaveola Linnaeus) Baird, Rep. Pac. R. R. Surv., 9, p. 924, 1858, and idem, Bds. N. Amer., pi. 83, fig. 3, 1860; Indian Key, Florida (type in U. S. National Museum); Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., 26, p. 621, 1869 (ex Baird). Coereba bahamensis Cory, Auk, 8, p. 37, 1891 — Bahamas; Northrop, I.e., 8, p. 70, 1891— Andros; Cory, I.e., 8, pp. 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 350, 351, 1891 — New Providence, Caicos, Inagua, Abaco, Berry Islands, Bimini Islands, Great Bahama, and Eleuthera; Ridgway, I.e., 8, pp. 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 1891— Abaco, New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Watlings, Rum Cay, Green Cay, and Conception; Bonhote, Ibis, 1899, p. 511 — Nassau, New Providence; Bangs, Auk, 17, p. 293, 1900 — New Providence (Nassau), Current Island, and Highbourne Cay; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 401, 1902— Bahamas (monog.); Bonhote, Ibis, 1903, p. 286 — Nassau (New Providence), Andros (Grassy Creek), and Little Abaco; Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, pp. 355, 367, 1905 — Bahamas; Todd and Worthington, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 7, pp. 438, 463, 1911 — New Providence (Blue Hills), Great Inagua (Mathewtown), Andros (Staniard Creek), and Abaco (Spencer's Point); Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 514— Bahamas (crit.); Nichols, Auk, 38, p. 461, 1921 — Miami, Florida (one specimen seen Feb. 7, 1921). Range. — Bahama Islands (from Great Bahama and Little Abaco south to Inagua and the Caicos Islands); accidental on the east coast of Florida (one sight record from Miami, Feb. 7, 1921) and the Keys (Indian Key, Jan. 31, 1858). l 272: Bahama Islands (Great Bahama, 23; Abaco, 10; Bimini, 5; Berry, 8; New Providence [Nassau], 14); Andros, 30; Eleuthera, 21; Cat, 1; Watlings, 13; Mariguana, 62; Caicos, 16; Inagua, 69). *Coereba flaveola sharpei (Cory).2 SHARPE'S BANANAQUIT. 1 Though a certain difference in the length of the bill is observable between specimens from various islands, those from Great Inagua and the Caicos being particularly long-billed, I agree with Mr. Todd that subdivision of bahamensis is unwarranted. * Coereba flaveola sharpei (Cory) is closely related to C. b. caboti, but differs by larger bill; less extensive as well as duller yellow uropygial area; decidedly smoke- gray instead of pale drab-gray throat, this color also extending onto the upper 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 313 Certhiola sharpei Cory, Auk, 3, p. 497, 1886 — Grand Cayman (type in coll. of C. B. Cory, now in Field Museum); idem, I.e., 3, p. 501, 1886— Grand Cayman; idem, I.e., 5, p. 157, 1888 — Grand Cayman; idem, I.e., 6, p. 31, 1889 — Little Cayman and Cayman Brae; Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 574, 1887— Grand Cayman; Nicoll, Ibis, 1904, pp. 580, 587 — Grand Cayman and Little Cayman. Coereba sharpei(ii) Cory, Auk, 8, p. 37, 1891 — Grand Cayman, Little Cayman, and Cayman Brae (crit.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 404, 1902— Cayman Islands (monog.); Lowe, Ibis, 1909, p. 345— Grand Cayman (crit.); idem, Ibis, 1911, p. 160 — Cayman Islands; idem, Ibis, 1912, p. 515 — Cayman Islands (monog.); English, Ibis, 1916, p. 34 — Grand Cayman (breeding habits); Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 60, p. 316, 1916 — Grand Cayman, Little Cayman, and Cayman Brae (crit.); Fisher and Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 79, art. 10, p. 18, 1931— Grand Cayman. Range. — Islands of Grand Cayman, Little Cayman, and Cay- man Brae, Greater Antilles (south of Cuba). 118: Grand Cayman, 63; Little Cayman, 13; Cayman Brae, 42. *Coereba flaveola tricolor (Ridgway).1 OLD PROVIDENCE BANANAQUIT. Certhiola tricolor Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 7, No. 12, p. 178, July, 1884 — Old Providence, Caribbean Sea (type in U. S. National Museum); idem, I.e., 8, pp. 27, 29, 1885— Old Providence; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 38, 1886— Old Providence; Cory, Auk, 4, p. 180, 1887— Old Providence. Coereba tricolor Cory, Auk, 8, p. 40, 1891 — part, Old Providence; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 405, 1902— part (descr. and hab., Old Providence); Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 517 — Old Providence (monog.); Fisher and Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 79, art. 10, p. 18, 1931— Old Providence. Range. — Old Providence Island, Caribbean Sea. 20: Old Providence Island. *Coereba flaveola oblita Griscom.2 ST. ANDREWS BANANAQUIT. chest; much larger white tips to the lateral rectrices, involving both webs. Besides, the black space on lores and auriculars appears to be generally more restricted. The late Outram Bangs noticed between birds from Grand Cayman and those from the two other islands certain differences which he thought might be seasonable. Our own material does not help toward elucidating this point, most of the specimens collected on the smaller islands being badly discolored by May- nard's "dermal preservative." 1 Coereba flaveola tricolor (Ridgway) : Similar to C. 6. sharpei in having the gular area decidedly smoke gray and produced over the upper chest; but larger (wing of male, 64-68, against 60-63) with proportionately shorter bill; yellow uropygial area on average brighter. 1 Coereba flaveola oblita Griscom: Exceedingly close to C. b. tricolor, but larger; gray gular area slightly darker and more extended over the chest; yellow of breast rather paler, more of a greenish yellow; flanks slightly more grayish olive; bill r. Wing, 69-74, (female) 62-65; tail, 47-50, (female) 42-45; bill, 12-13. shorter. 314 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Coereba oblita Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 71, p. 7, 1923 — St. Andrews, Caribbean Sea (type in Field Museum); Fisher and Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 79, art. 10, p. 18, 1931— St. Andrews (nest and egg descr.). Certhiola tricolor (not of Ridgway) Cory, Auk, 4, p. 181, 1889 — St. Andrews. Coereba tricolor Cory, Auk, 8, p. 40, 1891 — part, St. Andrews; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 405, 1902— part, St. Andrews. Range. — Island of St. Andrews, Caribbean Sea. 6: Island of St. Andrews. *Coereba flaveola caboti (Ridgway).1 COZUMEL BANANAQUIT. Certhiola caboti (Baird MS.) Ridgway,4 Amer. Natur., 7, p. 612, 1873— Cozumel Island (type in coll. of S. Cabot, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Auk, 32, p. 170, 1915); Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 327 — Cozumel (crit.); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- Amer., Aves, 1, p. 251, pi. 15a, fig. 4, 1883 — Cozumel; Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5, pp. 27, 29, 564, 1885— Cozumel (crit.); Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 38, 1886— Cozumel; Salvin, Ibis, 1888, p. 257— Cozumel and Holbox Islands (crit.). Coereba caboti Cory, Auk, 8, p. 41, 1891 — Cozumel (crit.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 404, 1902— Cozumel (monog.); Lowe, Ibis, 1912, p. 516 — Cozumel (monog.); Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 236, p. 12, 1926— Cozumel. Range. — Islands of Cozumel and Holbox,3 off Yucatan. 6: Cozumel Island. Genus ATELEODACNIS Cassin Ateleodacnis Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 270 — type, by subs, desig. (Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 18, 1886), Dacnis leuco- genys Lafresnaye. *Ateleodacnis speciosa speciosa (Temminck). CHESTNUT- VENTED ATELEODACNIS. Sylvia speciosa (Wied MS.) Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 49, pi. 293, fig. 2, 1824 — Rio de Janeiro (descr. male; type in coll. of Prince Wied,4 now 1 Coereba flaveola caboti (Ridgway), while agreeing in large size with the other races of the western Caribbean Sea, nevertheless betrays a certain tendency in the direction of C. f. mexicana by the restriction of the pale drab-gray gular area to the throat proper and the distribution of the white on the lateral rectrices, this color being practically limited to the inner vane of the feathers, as in the conti- nental representatives. There does not seem to be a bright-colored tumid rictus either, so far as I can determine from the few specimens at hand. 2 The name as published by Finsch (Verhandl. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 21, p. 790, 1871) is a nomen nudum. s No material seen from Holbox. According to Salvin (Ibis, 1888, p. 257), two females resemble Cozumel specimens of the same sex. The island is not mentioned by Lowe in his monograph of the genus. 4 Cf. Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), p. 710, 1831. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 315 in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), p. 708, 1831 — Rio de Janeiro and Angicos, Bahia. Dacnis analis Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 21, 1837 — Chiquitos, Bolivia (descr. male; type in Paris Museum examined); Sclater, Contrib. Orn., 1851, p. 109 — Chiquitos (ex d'Orbigny); Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 55, p. 292, 1907 — Maraj6; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 248, 1921 (crit.). Sylvia erythroptis Descourtilz, Orn. Bres., Part 4, p. 37, pi. 42, fig. 2, 1856 — Rio de Janeiro (location of type not stated). Sylvicola speciosa Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 117, 1856 — Rio de Janeiro to Bahia. Dacnis speciosa Sclater, Contrib. Orn., 1852, p. 101 — part, Rio de Janeiro and Chiquitos; idem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 22, p. 252, 1854 — Brazil and Bolivia; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 52, 1862 — part, spec, a, b, Bolivia; idem, Ibis, 1863, p. 317 — part, Bolivia (Chiquitos) and Brazil; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 270— part, Brazil; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 26, 1868 — part, Sapitiba (Rio de Janeiro), Rio Parand (Sao Paulo) and Cuyaba (Matto Grosso); Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 26, 1886— southeastern Brazil; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 217, 1889— Rio de Janeiro (note on type); idem, I.e., 3, p. 346, 1891— Chapada and Corumba, Matto Grosso; Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 142, 1899 — southeastern Brazil; Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 378, p. 3, 1900 — Carandasinho, Matto Grosso; Lillo, Apunt. Hist. Nat., 1, p. 43, 1909— Ledesma, Jujuy; Chubb, Ibis, 1910, p. 619— Sapucay, Paraguay; Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 86, 1910 — Bahia (Carnahyba, Fazenda da Porteira and Santa Rita, Rio Preto) and Piauhy (Parnagua, Pedrinha, Buriti, Uniao, Queimadas); Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 465, 1914— Ilha do Marajo (Rio Arary, Sao Natal, Pacoval, Chaves); Dabbene, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 360, 1914— Ledesma (Jujuy), Misiones, and Chaco; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 2, No. 6, p. 41, 1926— Ceara. Ateleodacnis speciosa Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25, p. 140, 1902 — Sapucay, Paraguay; Ihering and Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 334, 1907 — Salto Grande do Rio Paranapanema and Rio Feio (Sao Paulo), and Bahia; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 370, 1910 — Ledesma, Jujuy; idem, I.e., 23, p. 349, 1912 — Mburero, Paraguay; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 60, 1914 — Alto Parana and Asuncion, Paraguay; idem, El Hornero, 3, p. 400, 1926 (food). Ateleodacnis speciosa speciosa Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 248, 1921 — Chi- quitos, Bolivia (crit., range); Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 372, 1926 — Las Palmas, Chaco, and west of Puerto Pinasco, Paraguay; Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 191, 1926— Marechal Mallet, Candido de Abreu, and Salto Guayra, Parana; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 268, 1929— Maranhao (Barra do Corda and Codo, Cocos) and Piauhy (Deserto, Ibiapaba); Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 364, 1930— Paraguay (Fort Wheeler, Trinidad) and Matto Grosso (Urucum, Rio Sao Lourenco). 316 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Dacnis brevipennis (not Helinaia brevipennis Giraud) Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 271— part (= female). Range. — The greater part of the tableland of Brazil, from the Island of Maraj6 in the estuary of the Amazon, the interior of Maranhao and Piauhy south to Matto Grosso and northern Sao Paulo; eastern Bolivia; Paraguay; northern Argentina (Ledesma, Jujuy; Chaco; Misiones).1 8: Brazil (Barra do Corda, Maranhao, 2; Codo, Cocos, Maran- hao, 2; Deserto, Piauhy, 1; Ibiapaba, Piauhy, 1; Jua, near Iguatu, Ceara, 1; Urucum de Corumba, Matto Grosso, 1). Ateleodacnis speciosa amazonum Hellmayr.2 AMAZONIAN ATELEODACNIS. Ateleodacnis speciosa amazonum Hellmayr, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, p. 106, Feb., 1917 — Tarapoto, Huallaga drainage, northern Peru (type in Berlepsch Collection, now in Frankfort Museum); idem, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 248, 1921 (crit., range); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 645, 1926— Rio Suno, eastern Ecuador. Dacnis speciosa (not Sylvia speciosa Wied) Sclater, Contrib. Orn., 1852, p. 101 — part, Cayenne; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 52, 1862 — part, spec, c, Berbice; idem, Ibis, 1863, p. 317 — part, British Guiana and Amazon Valley; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 270— part ("dark specimen"); Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 26, 1868 — part, Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco, and Rio Amazonas (spec, examined) ; (?) Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 56, pp. 498, 521, 1908— Ilha Goyana, Tapaj6z, and Aru- matheua, Tocantins, Brazil; Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. Ill, 1908 — Cayenne (ex Sclater). Dacnis brevipennis (not Helinaia brevipennis Giraud) Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 271— part, Cayenne (=female). 1 Specimens from eastern Bolivia (D. analis) are inseparable from typical speciosa, as represented by a Brazilian series. A single male (in juvenile molt) from Marajo is likewise similar to east Brazilian birds in corresponding plumage, being very much paler than the Amazonian form. Additional material examined. — Brazil: Natal, Marajo, 1; Piauhy, Buriti, 2; Parnagua, 1 ; Pedrinha, 1 ; Uniao, Rio Parnahyba, 1 ; Queimadas, Rio Parnahyba, 1 ; Bahia, Carnahyba, Joazeiro, 1; Rio Preto, 2; Bahia, 5; Agua Suja, near Bagagem, Minas Geraes, 1 ; Nova Friburgo, Rio, 1 ; Sapitiba, Rio, 1 ; Cuyaba, Matto Grosso, 1. — Bolivia: Chiquitos, 1; Santa Cruz, 1; Quebrada Onda, Dept. Cochabamba, 4. 2 Ateleodacnis speciosa amazonum Hellmayr: Male similar to A. s. speciosa, but much darker throughout; the upper parts much darker, more purplish blue; lower surface deep slaty blue, the white abdominal area at best suggested by some whitish fringes; female not certainly distinguishable. Wing, 54-59, (female) 52; tail, 40-42, (female) 36; bill, 9-10. This dark form obviously ranges throughout the Amazon Valley from the confines of British Guiana to the eastern base of the Andes. Two adult males from the upper Rio Branco (Forte do Sao Joaquim) are, as far as I can see, insep- arable from Peruvian specimens, while one from "Bogota" is even darker under- neath. No material is available from the southern bank of the lower Amazon. Material examined. — Colombia: "Bogota," 1. — Ecuador: Rio Suno, 1. — Peru: Tarapoto, 1; Pintobamba, 1. — Brazil: Forte do Rio Branco, 4; Rio Amazonas, 1. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 317 Dacnis analis (not of Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 179— upper Ucayali, Peru; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 259 — upper Ucayali; Taczanowski, Orn. P6r., 1, p. 432, 1884 — upper Ucayali, Peru; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 25, 1886— Cayenne, "Bogota," upper Ucayali, Huambo, and (?) Maranura,1 Peru; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 294, 1889 — Tarapoto, Peru; Ihering and Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 335, 1907 — part, Guiana, Amazonia, and Peru; (?) Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 464, 1914 — Rio Tocantins (Aruma- theua), Rio Tapaj6z (Goyana), and Erere" (Igarape and Serra de Paituna), Brazil. (?) Conirostrum sp. inc. Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1876, p. 17 — Maranura, Urubamba, Dept. Cuzco, Peru.1 Range. — Amazonia, from the eastern base of the eastern Andes of Colombia ("Bogota" collections) south to northern Peru (Ucayali; Tarapoto; Huambo; Pintobamba) and east through the Amazonian lowlands to northern Brazil (Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco; (?) Tapajoz and Tocantins rivers), British and French Guiana. Ateleodacnis leucogenys2 panamensis Griscom.3 PANAMA ATELEODACNIS. Ateleodacnis leucogenys panamensis Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 282, p. 9, 1927 — Cape Garachine', eastern Panama (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York). Range. — Tropical zone of eastern Panama (Cape Garachme", Gulf of San Miguel, Darien). Ateleodacnis leucogenys leucogenys (Lafresnaye). WHITE- EARED ATELEODACNIS. Dacnis leucogenys Lafresnaye, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 4, p. 470, 1852 — "Co- lumbia'^ Bogota (descr. male; type in coll. of F. de Lafresnaye, now in Mu- seum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 396, 1930); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 138, 1855— Bogota; idem, Ibis, 1863, p. 317 — Bogota (descr. male); Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 270 — Venezuela (crit.); Berlepsch, Journ. 1 Without adult males it is impossible to decide whether the single female from Maranura belongs to A. s. speciosa or A. s. amazonum. 2 Ateleodacnis leucogenys is possibly conspecific with A. speciosa. 3 Ateleodacnis leucogenys panamensis Griscom: "Similar to A. I. leucogenys of Colombia, but adult males much darker both above and below, the general color dark Payne's gray instead of Payne's gray; females slightly darker above, with little or no tinge of green." (Griscom, I.e.). We are not acquainted with this race, which, judging from the description, would seem to be somewhat intermediate in the coloration of the under parts between typical leucogenys and cyanochrous. Although the author makes no reference to the last-named form, it can hardly be the same in view of its widely separated habitat, since A. I. leucogenys occupies the intervening section of northern Colombia. 318 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Orn., 21, p. 69, 1873 — New Granada (Bogota, Aguachica) and Venezuela; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 25, 1886— Bogota; Hellmayr and Seilern, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 51, 1912 — Cumbre Chiquita and Las Quiguas, Carabobo, Venezuela (crit.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 585, 1917 — Algodonal (near Banco) and Honda, Magdalena River, Colombia. Ateleodacnis leucogenys Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 455, 1922 — Fundacion, Tucurinca, and Valencia, Santa Marta region (crit., habits). Ateleodacnis leucogenys leucogenys Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 413, 1931 — Rio Frio, Magdalena, Colombia. Dacnis humeralis (lapsu) Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 324 — Aguachica, above Puerto Nacional, Colombia. Range. — Tropical zone of Colombia (valleys of the Magdalena and Cesar rivers) and northern Venezuela (Puerto Cabello, San Esteban, Las Quiguas, Cumbre Chiquita, and Sierra de Carabobo, State of Carabobo).1 *Ateleodacnis leucogenys cyanochrous Todd.2 MERIDA ATELEODACNIS. Ateleodacnis leucogenys cyanochrous Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 37, p. 122, 1924— Santa Elena, Merida, Venezuela (type in Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh). Range. — Humid Tropical zone of extreme western Venezuela, in State of Me"rida (northern base of Cordillera of Me"rida). 1: Venezuela (La Azulita, Me"rida, 1). * Ateleodacnis bicolor bicolor (Vieillot). BICOLORED ATELEODACNIS. Sylvia bicolor Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amer. Sept., 2, p. 32, pi. 90 bis, 1807— "tres rarement sous la z6ne boreale et plus communement entre les tropiques;" we suggest Cayenne as type locality (descr. of adult; type in Paris Museum examined); idem, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., 11, p. 167, 1817 — 'TAmerique septentrionale et Cayenne." 1 1 am quite unable to perceive the slightest difference between eight specimens from northern Venezuela (Carabobo) and a large series of Bogota skins. A single adult male from Aracataca (western foot of Santa Marta Mountains) is also similar. Material examined. — Colombia: "Bogota," 19; Aracataca, 1. — Venezuela, Carabobo: Cumbre Chiquita, 1; Las Quiguas, 3; Puerto Cabello, 2; San Esteban, 2. * Ateleodacnis leucogenys cyanochrous Todd: Similar to A. I. leucogenys, but adult male decidedly darker grayish blue underneath (slate gray instead of deep gull gray) with very little whitish suffusion along the abdominal line, and white auricular patch less extensive. Wing (adult male), 54; tail, 34; bill, 10. Judging from two adult males from the Merida region, I think this is a recognizable form. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYB 319 Sylvia caerulescens Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), p. 713, 1831 — Rio Mucuri, Espirito Santo, Brazil (type in Wied Collection, now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York; cf. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H.f 2, p. 218, 1889). Dacnis plumbea (not Sylvia plumbea Latham1) Cabanis," Mus. Hein., 1, p. 95, 1851 — Venezuela; Sclater, Contrib. Orn., 1852, p. 102; idem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 22, p. 252, 1854 — Guiana and Brazil; Reichenbach, Handb. Spez. Orn., livr. 5, p. 228, pi. 551b=515, fig. 4063 (fig. pess.), 1853 —Trinidad and Venezuela; Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 52, 1862— Brazil; idem, Ibis, 1863, p. 317 — Brazil and Amazon Valley into Guiana and Venezuela (excl. Peru; descr.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 627— Tucacas (Falcon), Venezuela; Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 330 — Recife, Pernambuco; Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 433, 1884 — part (descr. of Cayenne specimens); Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 26, 1886 — part, spec, a-c, e-j, Tucacas (Venezuela), Trinidad, and Bahia (Brazil); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 6, p. 26, 1894— Caroni River, Trinidad; Phelps, Auk, 14, p. 363, 1897— Cumana, Vene- zuela; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 174, 1900— Santa Marta region (locality not specified); Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 5, p. 265, 1902 — Iguape, Sao Paulo; Hagmann, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), 26, p. 26, 1907 — Mexiana; Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 55, p. 292, 1907 — Marajo and Mexiana; Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 250, 1909— Boca del Rio, Margarita Island; Penard, Vog. Guyana, 2, p. 473, 1910 — Surinam; Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 86, 1910— coast strip of Piauhy; idem, I.e., p. 187, 1925 — Amaracao, Piauhy. Mnioiilia bicolor L6otaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 180, 1866— Trinidad. Dacnis bicolor Cassin, Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 270 — Cayenne (crit.); Berlepsch, Ibis, 1881, p. 242 (nomencl.); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 11, 1906 — Seelet and Caroni Swamp, Trinidad; Men^gaux, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 13, p. 496, 1907— French Guiana; Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. Ill, 1908 — Cayenne, French Guiana; Beebe, Zoologica (N.Y.), 1, p. 102, 1909— Carlo San Juan, Venezuela; Hellmayr, Abhandl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Phys. Kl., 26, No. 2, pp. 87, 118, 1912— Cajutuba (Para) and Mexiana; Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 61, p. 518, 1913; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 465, 1914 — Ilha das Ongas (Para), Maraj6, Mexiana, Ilha Aquiqui, and Arumanduba, Brazil; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., 1 Sylvia plumbea Latham (Ind. Orn., 2, p. 553, 1801 — based on "Plumbeous Warbler" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., Suppl., p. 188) from an unknown locality, certainly does not refer to the above species, as has been pointed out by both Cassin (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 270) and Berlepsch (Ibis, 1881, p. 242). The characters, "Size small, length three inches and three-quarters; bill short, dusky brown; plumage above deep lead-color, nearly black; beneath pale ash-colour; quills and tail dusky; legs deep brown," clearly indicate that Latham had some entirely different bird in mind. The type, formerly in the Leverian Museum, seems to have disappeared; at all events it is not among the objects acquired by the Vienna Museum at the sale of Sir Lever's collection. 2 1 cannot make out from the description Dacnis plumbeus Tschudi (Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 236, 1846). The species is said to be common on the coast and in the wood region of Peru, where A. bicolor does not occur at all. If really founded on a bird collected by Tschudi himself, it must refer to some other species, but which, I am unable to say. 320 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 165, 1916 — Cano San Juan, Orinoco Delta, Venezuela (ex Beebe); Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 479, 1921— Bartica and Abary River; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 2, No. 6, p. 41, 1926— Ceara. Dendroeca bicolor Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 71, 1868 — part, Rio de Janeiro and Cajutuba, Para (spec, in Vienna Museum examined). Ateleodacnis bicolor Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 334, 1907 — Sao Paulo (Iguape) and Bahia (range part, excl. Matto Grosso); Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 454, 1922 — Pueblo Viejo and Punto Caiman, Colombia (crit.); Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 269, 1929 — Mangunca Island, Maranhao; Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 412, 1931 — Sevillano, Magdalena, Colombia. Nemosia spec. Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 3, p. 215, 1870 — Praia do Cajutuba, Para (spec, in Vienna Museum examined;=juv.). Range. — Littoral of northern Colombia (shores of the Cienaga Grande, Dept. Magdalena), Venezuela (Tucacas, Falcon; Cumana; Boca del Rio, Margarita Island; Cano San Juan, Gulf of Paria), Trinidad (Seelet and Caroni River), British Guiana (Bartica Grove and Abary River), Dutch Guiana, French Guiana (Cayenne), and eastern Brazil, in states of Para (Ilha das Oncas, Marajo, Mexiana, Ilha Aquiqui, Arumanduba, Cajutuba), Maranhao (Mangunca Island), Piauhy (Amaracao), Ceara, Pernambuco (Recife), Bahia, Espirito Santo (Rio Mucury), Rio de Janeiro (Manguinhos), and Sao Paulo (Iguape").1 14: Venezuela (Margarita Island, 10); British Guiana (un- specified, 2); Brazil (Mangunca Island, Maranhao, 2). Ateleodacnis bicolor minor subsp. nov.2 LESSER ATELEODACNIS. 1 Birds from Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Guianas agree well together. Specimens from eastern Brazil are, on average, slightly paler blue above and perhaps not quite so dark brownish buff underneath, but as a good many are not distinguishable, the recognition of a separate race (A. b. caerulescens) seems to be uncalled for. Five skins from the coast of Para (Cajutuba, east of Belem), by having the under parts but faintly washed with pale buff, exhibit a certain tend- ency in the direction of A. margaritae. The sexes are nearly alike in adult plumage, the females merely differing by smaller size and somewhat duller, less bluish, dorsal surface. Birds with light olive upper, and clear yellow under parts repre- sent the juvenile plumage. This form seems to be restricted to the mangrove thickets (Rhizophora mangle) along the seashore and in brackish waters. Additional material examined. — Venezuela: Cumana, 3. — Trinidad: Seelet, 3; Caroni River, 1. — French Guiana: Cayenne, 2. — Brazil: Cajutuba, east of Para, 7; Amarasao, Piauhy, 5; Bahia, 7; Rio de Janeiro, 2; Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 1. 2 Ateleodacnis bicolor minor subsp. nov. Type from Rio Madeira (right bank below the junction of the Rio Mahisi) in the Vienna Museum. Adult male. November 18, 1829. J. Natterer. Adult. — Similar to A. b. bicolor, but much smaller; under parts generally more rufescent, bright pinkish buff rather than brownish buff or grayish buff; lower tail 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 321 Dendroeca bicolor (not Sylvia tricolor Vieillot) Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 71, 1868 — part, Rio Madeira [below the junction of the Rio Mahisi], Brazil. Dacnis bicolor Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 270, 1910 — Rio Madeira (ex Pelzeln); Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 364, 1930— part, Rio Madeira. Ateleodacnis bicolor Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 334, 1907 — part, "Matto Grosso"=Rio Madeira. Dacnis plumbea (not Sylvia plumbea Latham) Riker and Chapman, Auk, 7, p. 266, 1890— Santarem, Brazil. Range. — Northern Brazil, from the Tapajoz westward to the Rio Madeira, and eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo; mouth of the Curaray). Ateleodacnis margaritae Holt.1 MARGARITA'S ATELEODACNIS. Ateleodacnis margaritae Holt, Auk, 48, p. 570, 1931 — Ceo de Arary, above Parintins, north bank of Rio Amazonas, Brazil (type in U. S. National Museum). Range. — Northern Brazil, in State of Amazonas (Ceo de Arary, above Parintins, north bank; Igarape" Auara, above Borba, right bank of Rio Madeira); (?) northeastern Peru (Pebas). Genus CONIROSTRUM Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny Conirostrum Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 25, 1838 — type, by monotypy, Conirostrum cinereum Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny. coverts brighter than, instead of uniform with, the abdomen; cheeks and auric- ulars strongly brownish buff, not at all grayish. Wing, 54-58; tail, 36-40; tars., 16-16H; bill, 10. This small form seems to replace the typical race in the valley of the Amazon, its range being evidently quite extensive, since an adult bird from the Rio Napo agrees in every respect with those from the Rio Madeira. Mr. Zimmer (in litt.), who confirms its distinctness, writes that the American Museum of Natural History has a good series from Santarem, Villa Bella de Imperatriz (west of the Rio Tapaj6z), and both banks of the lower Rio Madeira, as well as two specimens from the mouth of the Curaray in Ecuador. 1 Ateleodacnis margaritae Holt: Closely allied to A. b. bicolor and similar in size, but upper parts clearer blue gray, and lower parts, including the sides of the head, very pale gray (near light gull gray) without any buffy; bill slightly wider; feet darker reddish. Wing, 62; tail, 44; bill, 11. Though one would be tempted to consider this bird as subspecifically related to A. bicolor, such cannot well be the case, for, as I am informed by Mr. Zimmer, the American Museum of Natural History has specimens of both A. b. minor and A. margaritae, from Igarape Auara, just above Borba, on the right bank of the Rio Madeira. A single adult female, collected by J. Hauxwell at Nauta, Peru, on September 12, 1880, differs from a lower-Amazonian skin by still paler (light neutral gray) upper, and nearly pure white under parts; but whether this divergency is of any significance other than seasonal cannot be decided owing to its very worn condition. Both specimens have slightly wider bills and darker feet than A. bicolor. 322 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII *Conirostrum sitticolor sitticolor Lafresnaye. PURPLE CONE-BILL. Conirostrum sitticolor Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 3, p. 102, 1840 — Santa F6 de Bogota, Colombia (type in coll. of F. de Lafresnaye, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 395, 1930); idem, Mag. Zool., (2), 5, text to pi. 35, p. 2, 1843— Santa F6 de Bogota (part, male); Gray and Mitchell, Gen. Bds., 1, p. 102, pi. 34, 1846; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, pp. 75, 138, 1855— Bogota; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 49, 1862— Bogota; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 272— Bogota; Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880, p. 193— Cutervo, Peru; Salvin, Cat. Strickl. Coll., p. 175, 1882— Bogota; Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 423, 1884— Cutervo and Paucal, Peru; idem and Berlepsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, p. 75 — San Rafael, Ecuador; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 13, 1886— part, spec, b-h, Bogotd and Ecuador (San Lucas); Salvador! and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 12, 1899— Frutillas, Ecuador; Good- fellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 318 — Papallacta and Pichincha, Ecuador; M6negaux, Miss. Serv. Geog. Armee Mes. Arc Merid. Equat., 9, p. B. 86, 1911— Alaspungo and Oyacachi, Ecuador; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 583, 1917 — Andes west of Popayan, Laguneta, Santa Isabel, Alma- guer, Valle de las Pappas, El Pifion, and Chipaque, Colombia; Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 81, 1922— near Chinquil, below Nono, and Silanti (Coraz6n), Ecuador. Conirostrum sitticolor sitticolor Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 641, 1926 — near Quito, Taraguacocha, Salvias, upper Rio Upano, upper Sumaco, Oyacachi, and Papallacta, Ecuador, and El Tambo [near Huanca- bamba], Dept. Piura, Peru. Range. — Humid Temperate zone of Colombia (except Santa Marta region), Ecuador, and northwestern Peru (El Tambo, Dept. Piura; Cutervo, Prov. Jaen).1 3: Colombia (Bogota, 3). *Conirostmm sitticolor intermedium Berlepsch.2 VENEZUELAN PURPLE CONE-BILL. Conirostrum sitticolor intermedium Berlepsch, Ornith. Monatsber., 1, p. 11, 1893 — Merida, Venezuela (type in Berlepsch Collection, now in Sencken- berg Museum, Frankfort). Conirostrum sitticolor (not of Lafresnaye) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 780— Paramo de Culata, Venezuela. 1 Ten specimens from Ecuador agree with a series of Bogota skins. Birds from northwestern Peru, which we have not seen, are stated by Chapman to be paler underneath. 1 Conirostrum sitticolor intermedium Berlepsch: Similar to C. s. sitticolor in deep black throat, but smaller and with broad blue superciliaries. Wing, 65-68; tail, 52-57. Material examined. — Venezuela: Andes of Menda, 9. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 323 Range. — Humid Temperate zone of western Venezuela (Cor- dillera of Me"rida). 1: Venezuela (Andes of Me>ida, 1). *Conirostrum sitticolor cyaneum Taczanowski.1 PERUVIAN PURPLE CONE-BILL. Conirostrum cyaneum Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 512 — Sillapata, Dept. Junin, Peru (type lost, formerly in Warsaw Museum); Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1879, p. 596— Tilotilo, Bolivia; Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 423, 1884— Sillapata; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 14, 1886— central Peru and Bolivia; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 80, 1889 — Yungas, Bolivia; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 335— Maraynioc, Peru; Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 116, 1921 — Occobamba Valley, Urubamba, Dept. Cuzco, Peru. Conirostrum sitticolor cyaneum Hellmayr, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 12, 1921 — Limbani, Carabaya, Peru (crit.); Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 421, 1930— above Panao, Huanuco, Peru (crit.). Range. — Humid Temperate zone of Peru (except the north- western section) and western Bolivia. 5: Peru (Balsas, 1; Molinopampa, 1; above Panao, Huanuco, 3). "Conirostrum rufum Lafresnaye. RUFOUS-BROWED CONE-BILL. Conirostrum rufum Lafresnaye, Mag. Zool., (2), 5, cl. 2, text to pi. 35, p. 3, 1843 — Santa F6 de Bogota, Colombia (type in coll. of F. de Lafresnaye, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 395, 1930); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, pp. 75, 138, 1855— Bogota; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 50, 1862— Bogota; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 272 — Bogota; 1 Conirostrum sitticolor cyaneum Taczanowski: Similar to C. s. intermedium in having broad blue superciliaries, but sides of head, throat, and foreneck slaty bluish (green-blue slate to dark green-blue slate) instead of black; posterior under parts paler ochraceous. The blue superciliary streak, besides, is more extended anteriorly, reaching frequently to above the loral region. Wing of males, 64-673^ (Bolivia), 70 (Maraynioc); tail, 53-56. Birds from western Bolivia and southeastern Peru (Limbani) are well charac- terized by slaty gular area and slightly darker (slaty black) sides of the head. The type from Sillapata (an unsexed adult in full molt), which we have examined many years ago, and a female from Maraynioc are similar, but a male from the latter locality already shows some blackish suffusion on the upper throat. Two adults from above Panao, Huanuco, have the whole upper throat dull blackish, thus diverging in the direction of C. s. sitticolor. The gap is closed by the male from Molinopampa, which has throat, foreneck, and sides of head very nearly as deep black as sitticolor, and approaches the latter form, furthermore, by having the blue superciliaries more restricted. In other words, C. s. cyaneum, in northern Peru, gradually passes into C. s. sitticolor. Material examined. — Bolivia, Dept. La Paz: Unduavi, 2; Cillutincara, 1; Cocapata, 4. — Peru: Limbani, Carabaya, Dept. Puno, 1; Sillapata, 1 (the type); Maraynioc, Dept. Junin, 2; above Panao, Huanuco, 3; Molinopampa, 1; near Balsas, 1. 324 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, pp. 128, 324 — above Vetas, north of Bucaramanga, Santander; Salvin, Cat. Strickl. Coll., p. 176, 1882— Bogota; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 14, 1886 — Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and Bogota; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 308— Bogota; Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, p. 105, 1899— Paramo de Chiruqua and Paramo de Macotama, Santa Marta Mountains; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 174, 1900— Santa Marta Mountains (ex Bangs); Chapman, I.e., 36, p. 583, 1917 — eastern Andes of Colombia (Subia, Bogota, Chipaque, Choachi, Palo Hueco, and La Porquera); Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 456, 1922 — Paramo de Mamarongo and Paramo de Chiruqua, Santa Marta region. Conirostrum bicolor Lesson,1 Echo du Monde Sav., 11, (2nd sSm.), No. 7, p. 158, July 25, 1844— Colombia (type in coll. of Dr. Abeille, Bordeaux); idem, Oeuvr. Compl. Buffon, ed. Lev£que, 20, [=Descr. Mamm. Ois.J, p. 275, 1847— Colombia. Dacnis rufodnerea Bonaparte, Atti Sesta Riun. Sci. Ital. Milano, p. 404, 1845 — Santa Fe de Bogota (type in coll. of 0. Antinori, Perugia). Range. — Temperate zone of the Santa Marta Mountains and eastern Andes of Colombia.2 6: Colombia (Chipaque, 1; Paramo Guerrero, Santander, 2; Cundinamarca, 1; "Bogota," 2). *Conirostrum ferrugineiventre Sclater.3 WHITE-BROWED CONE-BILL. Conirostrum ferrugineiventre Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 74, pi. 85, May, 1855 — Bolivia (type in Derby Collection, now in Liverpool Museum) ; Taczanowski, I.e., 1874, p. 511 — Peru [=Maraynioc]; Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1874, p. 678— Ccachupata, Peru; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 596— Bolivia; Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 424, 1884 — Peru (Maraynioc, Ccachupata); Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 15, 1886— Bolivia and southern Peru (Ccachupata); Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 335 — Maraynioc, Peru; Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 116, 1 Though quoted by Sclater in the synonymy of C. s. sitticolor, C. bicolor is referable to C. rufum, as the description plainly shows. 2 A single adult from the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta seems to agree with "Bogota" skins. 3 Conirostrum ferrugineiventre Sclater is nearly related to C. rufum and differs chiefly by lacking the rufous forehead, distinctly black crown, white instead of rufous super ciliaries, dark gray instead of dull rufous sides of head and malar region, lighter under parts, etc. Wing, (male) 67-74, (female) 64-68; tail, 54-58, (female) 50-55; bill, 10^-12. The few Peruvian specimens examined seem to be similar to a Bolivian series. This strongly marked bird is probably conspecific with C. rufum, though their habitats are widely separated, a circumstance that may prevent their intergradation. Material examined. — Peru: Huanuco Mountains, Huanuco, 1; Maraynioc, Junin, 2. — Bolivia: Cocapata, 6; Cillutincara, 2; Iquico, Illimani, 3; Unduavi, 2; Malaga, 1. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 325 1921 — above Torontoy, Urubamba, Peru; Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 422, 1930— Huanuco Mountains, Peru. Range. — Temperate zone of southern Peru, in depts. of Huanuco (Huanuco Mountains), Junin (Maraynioc), and Cuzco (Ccachupata and above Torontoy, Urubamba), and Bolivia. 1: Peru (Huanuco Mountains, Huanuco, 1). "Conirostrum cinereum fraseri Sclater.1 ERASER'S CONE-BILL. Conirostrum fraseri Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 26, p. 452, Nov., 1858 — Cuenca, Ecuador (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum) ; idem, I.e., 28, p. 65, 1860 — Chillanes, above Pallatanga, Ecuador; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 50, 1862 — Cuenca; Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 288— Cechce; idem, I.e., 1885, p. 76— San Rafael; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 15, pi. 2, fig. 1, 1886— Ecuador (Sical, "Jima," vicinity of Quito, Cuenca); Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 481, 1898 — Cayambe and Ibarra, northern Ecuador; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 12, 1899— Huaca, El Troje, Chinquil (Lloa), Tumbaco (Quito), Frutillas, and "Nanegal"; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 318 — western and eastern Andes and in the gardens of Quito; Menegaux, Miss. Serv. Geog. Armee Mes. Arc Merid. Equat., 9, p. B. 86, 1911 — Lloa, Nono, and Tumbaco; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 583, 1917— Valle de las Pappas, Colombia; Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 82, 1922— Tumbaco, Chinquil, Pichincha, Cumbaya, and near Nono; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 641, 1926 — Riobamba, Hacienda Garzon, Pomasqui, Yanacocha, Lloa, Tumbaco, Pichincha, Cumbaya, Mocha, Chimborazo, Bestion, El Paso, Taraguacocha, Salvias, and Loja, Ecuador; Berlioz, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 34, p. 74, 1928— Tumbaco, Cerro Mojanda, and San Pedro Tingo, Ecuador. Conirostrum cinereum (not of Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny) Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 272— part, Ecuador (crit.). Range. — Temperate zone of Ecuador and southern Colombia (Valle de las Pappas). 1: Ecuador (Ibarra, Prov. Imbabura, 1). *Conirostrum cinereum littorale Berlepsch and Stolzmann.2 WESTERN CINEREOUS CONE-BILL. 1 Conirostrum cinereum fraseri Sclater: Near to C. c. littorale, but crown darker; back tinged with olivaceous or brownish; superciliaries wider and deeper buff; lower parts much darker, dull brownish clay-color. Wing, (male) 58-63, (female) 56-59. Material examined. — Ecuador: Ibarra, Prov. Imbabura, 4; Lloa, Pichincha, 2; Quito, 2; Canar, Canar, 1; Sinche, Guaranda, Prov. Guayas, 2; Guaillabamba, Riobamba, 1; unspecified, 5. 1 Conirostrum cinereum littorale Berlepsch and Stolzmann: Differs from C. c. cinereum by paler, olive gray rather than light slate gray upper parts with the pileum less dusky; narrower and shorter buffy superciliaries; more buffy, anteriorly 326 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Conirostrum cinereum littorale Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 336 (footnote) — "circum Lima et Arequipa, in Peruvia littorali" (type, from Lima, in Branicki Museum, now in Warsaw Museum; cf. Sztolcman and Domaniewski, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 6, p. 178, 1927); Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 421, 1930— Matu- cana, La Quinua, Huanuco, and Cullcui, Maranon River, Peru (crit.); Hellmayr, I.e., 19, p. 50, 1932— Chile (Pica, Tarapaca; Chacalluta, Tacna). Conirostrum cinereum Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl.2,p.25, 1838 — part "female" and hab. Tacna, "rep. Peruviana"; Lafres- naye, Mag. Zool., (2), 5, text to pi. 35, p. 2, 1843— part, Tacna; d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame>. Merid., Ois., p. 374, 1847 — part, Tacna; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 272— part, spec, ex "Tacna, Peru," coll. of d'Orbigny (crit.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 984 — Arequipa, Peru; idem, I.e., 1868, p. 569 — Arequipa; Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 64, 1873 — Lima (crit.); Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 511 — Lima; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 225 — Pacasmayo, Peru; idem, Orn. Pe"r., 1, p. 425, 1884 — Lima, Pacasmayo, Cutervo (Maran6n), and Tacna; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 15, 1886— part, spec, a-c, f, Arequipa and Lima, coast of Peru; idem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1891, p. 133 — Pica, Tarapaca, Chile; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, I.e., 1892, p. 374— Lima; Salvin, Nov. Zool., 2, p. 4, 1895— Cajabamba, Huamachuco, and Chusgon (Huamachuco), Peru; Lane, Ibis, 1897, p. 15 — Pica, Tarapaca, Chile (habits); Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, p. 67, 1906 — Coracora, Dept. Ayacucho, Peru. Range. — Temperate zone of extreme northern Chile (Tarapacd and Tacna provinces) and Peru, from sea-level to the crest of the Cordillera de la Costa, extending into the upper Maranon Valley. 18: Chile (Pica, Prov. Tarapaca, 9; Chacalluta, Prov. Tacna, 1); Peru (Matucana, Dept. Lima, 1; La Quinua, 1; Macate, Dept. Ancachs, 2; Chimbote, Dept. Ancachs, 1; Cullcui, Maranon River, 3). Conirostrum cinereum cinereum Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny. CINEREOUS CONE-BILL. Conirostrum cinereum Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, el. 2, p. 25, 1838 — part, descr. of male and hab. Yungas, Bolivia (type in Paris Museum examined); Lafresnaye, Mag. Zool., (2), 5, text to pi. 35, p. 2, 1843 — part, Yungas, Bolivia; d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Merid., Ois., p. 374, pi. 59, fig. 1, 1847 — part, Inquisivi, Prov. Sicasica; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 780 — Paucartambo, Dept. Cuzco, Peru; less grayish, lower surface. Wing, (male) 56-60, (female) 55; tail, 45-48, (female) 43-45; bill, 9-10. Birds from northern Chile are identical with those from the Peruvian coast district. Specimens in a series from the upper Maranon region are larger, sug- gesting an approach to the still larger C. c. fraseri, of Ecuador. Material examined. — Chile: Pica, Tarapaca, 9; Tacna, 2; Chacalluta, Prov. Tacna, 1. — Peru: Arequipa, 3; Lima, 4; Matucana, 1; La Quinua, 1; Macate, Ancachs, 2; Chimbote, Ancachs, 1. — Upper Maranon region: Cullcui, 3; Caja- bamba, 7; Cajamarca, 1; Santiago, 1; Huamachuco, 4; Leimabamba, 1. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 327 Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1879, p. 596— Bolivia; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 15, 1886 — part, spec, e, g, Maraynioc and Bolivia; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 335 — Tarma and Pariayacu (Maraynioc), Peru. Conirostrum cinereum cinereum Hellmayr, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 13, 1920 — Ollachea, near Macusani, Dept. Puno, Peru (crit.); Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 116, 1921— Occobamba Valley, Ollantay- tambo, Huaracondo Canyon, Calca, and Cuzco, Urubamba, Peru. Range. — Temperate zone of southeastern Peru, west to Junin, and western Bolivia.1 Conirostrum albifrons cyanonotum Todd.2 BLUE-BACKED CONE-BILL. Conirostrum cyanonotum Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 45, p. 218, 1932 — Colonia Tovar, Aragua, Venezuela (type in Carnegie Museum). Range. — Subtropical zone of the coast range of Venezuela (Colonia Tovar, State of Aragua). *Conirostrum albifrons albifrons Lafresnaye. WHITE-CAPPED CONE-BILL. Conirostrum albifrons Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 5, p. 301, 1842 — Colombia^ Bogota (descr. adult male; type in coll. of F.de Lafresnaye, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 395, 1930); idem, Mag. Zool., (2), 5, pi. 35, 1843— Bogota; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, pp. 75, 138, 1855— Bogota (crit.); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 50, 1862 — Bogota; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 272 (crit.) ; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 496— Santa Elena, Antioquia; Salvin, Cat. Strickl. Coll., p. 176, 1882— Bogota; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 16, 1886— 1 Specimens from the Urubamba region and Sierra of Carabaya (Ollachea) are inseparable from a Bolivian series. A single female from Maraynioc, by reason of its size (wing, 61 ; tail, 50) and blackish crown, seems likewise referable to the present form. Additional material from Junin, however, should be carefully com- pared to render identification certain. Material examined. — Bolivia, Dept. La Paz: Iquico, Illimani, 4; Chicani, 1; above Chaco, 1; unspecified, 1 (the type). — Peru: Ollachea, Sierra of Carabaya, 4; Cuzcp (Anta, 3; Urcos, 1; Urubamba, 1; Marcapata, 1); Paucartambo, 1; Maraynioc, Pariayacu, Dept. Junin, 1. 2 Conirostrum albifrons cyanonotum Todd: "Pileum Hay's blue, with a few silvery white streaks on the forehead; upper parts in general black, overlaid with azurite blue, brightening into smalt blue on the rump and upper tail coverts; wings black with narrow outer edgings of azurite blue, and lesser wing coverts almost "solid" azurite blue; sides of head and entire under parts blackish violet gray with a deep bluish cast in some lights, especially posteriorly; female differing from that of C. a. albifrons only by its duller green upper parts. Wing, 74-77, (female) 69; tail, 56-58, (female) 53; bill, 11^-12." (Todd, I.e.). This recently discovered form, doubtless a geographical race of C. albifrons, appears to differ in the male sex from the White-capped Cone-bill of Colombia by having the pileum blue with a few silvery white streaks instead of uniform white, and by having a brighter blue rump, and more bluish under parts. 328 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII part, spec, a-j, Bogota, Santa Elena, and "Medellin," Colombia; Chap- man, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 583, 1917 — part, central Andes (Almaguer, above Salento, Laguneta, Santa Isabel, Santa Elena) and eastern Andes (El Roble, Palo Hueco, Subia), Colombia. Conirostrum caeruleifrons Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 5, p. 302, 1842 — Colombia (descr. female; type in coll. of F. de Lafresnaye, now in Museum of Com- parative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 396, 1930); idem, Mag. Zool., (2), 5, text to pi. 35, p. 3, 1843— Colombia; Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 50, 1862— "New Granada." Range. — Upper Subtropical and Temperate zones of central and eastern Andesof Colombia and adjacent parts of Venezuela (Tachira).1 5: Colombia (Cachiri, Santander, 1; La Pica, Santander, 1; Santa Isabel, 1; "Bogota," 1); Venezuela (Paramo de Tamd, 1). Conirostrum albifrons atrocyaneum Lafresnaye.2 BLUE-CAPPED CONE-BILL. Conirostrum atro-cyaneum Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 11, p. 9, 1848 — "de Colombie, pres de Rio Napo" (descr. male; type in coll. of F. de Lafresnaye, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 396, 1930); Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 225 — Tambillo and Montana de Palto, Peru; idem, I.e., 1882, p. 8— Tamiapampa, Peru; idem, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 426, 1884— part, Tambillo, Montana de Palto, and Tamiapampa; Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 288 — Cayandeled, Chaguarpata, and Pedregal, western Ecuador; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 16, 1886 — part, spec, c, Pallatanga; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 12, 1899 — Niebli, western Ecuador; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 583, 1917 — Cerro Munchique, western Andes, Colombia; idem, I.e., 55, p. 642, 1926 — junction of Chanchan and Chiguancay rivers, above Baeza, and upper Sumaco, Ecuador (crit.). Conirostrum albifrons (not of Lafresnaye) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 27, p. 138, 1859— Pallatanga, Ecuador; idem, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, 1 Additional material examined. — Colombia: Salento, western Andes, 2; "Bogota," 14. 2 Conirostrum albifrons atrocyaneum Lafresnaye: Similar in the male sex to C. a. albifrons, but forehead and crown purplish blue instead of milky white; female not distinguishable. Wing, (male) 70-74, (female) 63; tail, 54-60, (female) 50; bill, 11-12. We have no topotypical material, but males from western Ecuador and northern Peru, which agree well together, correspond to Lafresnaye's description except in having the outer margins to the remiges purplish blue instead of oliva- ceous. The close relationship between albifrons and atrocyaneum is plainly shown by the occasional occurrence of scattered blue feathers in the generally wholly white crown of males from Colombia (albifrons}, as well as by the similarity in the female sex. If white-crowned males really occur in Ecuador, as is suggested by Sclater's record of albifrons from "Jima," such individuals might have to be regarded as reversional mutants rather than albinistic examples of atrocyaneum. Material examined. — Ecuador: Cayandeled, 1; Niebli, 1; Chaguarpata, 1. — Peru: Tamiapampa, 1; Tambillo, 1. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 329 p. 16, 1886 — part, spec, k-m, "Jima" and Yauayaca, Ecuador; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 583, 1917 — part, Cerro Munchique, western Andes of Colombia. Range. — Subtropical and Temperate zones of northern Peru, Ecuador, and the western Andes of Colombia (Cerro Munchique). Conirostrum albifrons sordidum Berlepsch.1 WEST BOLIVIAN CONE-BILL. Conirostrum atrocyaneum sordidum Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 49, p. 83 (in text), Jan., 1901 — San Antonio, western Yungas, Bolivia (type in Berlepsch Collection, now in Frankfort Museum, examined); Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, p. 76, 1906 — Idma, Urubamba, Dept. Cuzco, Peru (crit.); Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 116, 1921— Idma and San Miguel Bridge, Urubamba, Peru (crit.). Conirostrum atrocyaneum (not of Lafresnaye) Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 511 — Chilpes, Dept. Junm, Peru; Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1879, p. 597— Tilotilo, Bolivia; Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 427, part, Chilpes;2 Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 16, 1886— part, spec, a, b, Bolivia; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 335 — Garita del Sol and Culumachay, Dept. Junln, Peru (crit.). Range. — Subtropical and Temperate zones of western Bolivia (western Yungas, Dept. La Paz) and southern Peru, north to Dept. Junin. Conirostrum albifrons lugens Berlepsch.3 EAST BOLIVIAN CONE-BILL. 1 Conirostrum albifrons sordidum Berlepsch: Similar in the male sex to C. a. atrocyaneum; but dorsal surface mainly dull black with merely a faint purplish blue sheen on the mantle, and the purple blue uropygial area much duller as well as less extensive; lower parts dull black, only the tips of the tail coverts slightly tinged with purplish; blue humeral patch restricted to the lesser upper wing coverts, consequently much smaller; edges to larger wing coverts and remiges duller bluish. Wing, (male) 71-72, (female) 63-66; tail, 56-59, (female) 50-54; bill, 11-12. The above diagnosis is based on the type specimen from San Antonio, Dept. La Paz, Bolivia. Males from Idma, Urubamba, and Garita del Sol, Junin, Peru, diverge towards C. a. atrocyaneum, as represented by specimens from northern Peru (Tamiapampa, Tambillo) and western Ecuador, by having the under parts slightly glossed with bluish, and the purplish sheen above, particularly on the rump and humeral area, more strongly suggested. The margins to the remiges are dusky olive green rather than dull bluish. Females cannot be distinguished with certainty from those of atrocyaneum. Material examined. — Bolivia, Dept. La Paz: San Antonio, 1; Chaco, 1. — Peru: Chuhuasi, Sierra of Carabaya, Dept. Puno, 1; Idma, Urubamba, Dept. Cuzco, 3; Garita del Sol, Vitoc, Dept. Junln, 1; Culumachay, Maraynioc, Dept. Junin, 1. 2 The record "Pacasmayo" is doubtless erroneous. 3 Conirostrum albifrons lugens Berlepsch: Male similar to C. a. sordidum, but back uniform sooty blackish, only the rump faintly tinged with olive; median and greater wing coverts and scapulars without trace of purple blue edges; margins to wing and tail feathers dull olivaceous, much reduced in extent; lower surface duller blackish, the flanks and tail coverts washed with dingy olivaceous instead 330 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Conirostrum lugens Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 49, p. 82, Jan., 1901 — Cocapata, eastern Yungas, Bolivia (type in Berlepsch Collection, now in Frankfort Museum, examined). Range. — Subtropical and Temperate zones of eastern Bolivia (Yungas of Cochabamba). Genus OREOMANES Sclater Oreomanes Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 75, 1860 — type, by orig. desig., Oreomanes fraseri Sclater. Oreomanes fraseri Sclater. ERASER'S GIANT CONE-BILL. Oreomanes fraseri Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 75, pi. 159, 1860 — Panza, Chimborazo, Ecuador (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 49, 1862 — Chimborazo; Tac- zanowski and Berlepsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, p. 76 — Chimborazo; Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 12, 1886 — Ecuador (Panza, Sical) and Colombia (Pasto); Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 12, 1899 — Chaupi, Paramo de Illiniza, Ecuador; Berlepsch, Ornis, 11, p. 197, 1901 — Anta, near Cuzco, Peru; Hellmayr, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 11, p. 159, 1912 — Ollachea, twenty miles north of Macusani, Sierra de Carabaya, Dept. Puno, Peru; idem, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 11, 1920 — Ollachea, Puno, and Anta, Cuzco, Peru (crit.); Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 115, 1921— Cedrobamba, Peru; idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 641, 1926 — Mocha Canyon and Cerro Huamani, Ecuador. Oreomanes binghami Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 41, p. 331, 1919 — Cedrobamba Ruins, Matchu Picchu, Urubamba, Dept. Cuzco, Peru (type, in U. S. National Museum, examined). Range. — Humid Temperate zone of southern Colombia (Pasto), Ecuador (Chimborazo, Illiniza, Cerro Huamani), and southeastern Peru (Cedrobamba and Anta, Dept. Cuzco; Ollachea, Dept. Puno).1 of with dull purplish blue; female indistinguishable. Wing, (male) 70, (female) 63-64; tail, 55-58, (female) 51-52; bill, 11-12. Material examined. — Bolivia, eastern Yungas: Cocapata, 3; Quebrada Onda, 1. 1 The type of 0. binghami differs from all other specimens examined by white instead of chestnut superciliaries. The white chin and the mainly white malar region claimed for this supposed southern form are also found in an (apparently immature) male from Ollachea, which, besides, has a narrower chestnut super- ciliary streak interspersed with some white feathers. Three other Peruvian specimens, two from Ollachea and one from Anta, Cuzco, however, agree with those from Ecuador and Colombia in coloration, viz., in having broad chestnut superciliaries, chestnut chin, and the malar region spotted with black and chest- nut, and it seems very questionable if the slightly longer bill of the inhabitants of Peru affords sufficient grounds for their separation. Material examined. — Colombia: Pasto, 1. — Ecuador: Chaupi, 1; Chimborazo, 2. — Peru: Anta, Cuzco, 1; Cedrobamba, Cuzco, 1; Ollachea, Puno, 3. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 331 Genus EUNEORNIS Fitzinger1 Euneornis Fitzinger, Sitzungsber. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 21, (2), p. 316, 1856 — type, by orig. desig., Motacilla campestris Linnaeus. Glossiptila Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 24, "1856," p. 269, pub. Jan. 26, 1857 — type, by monotypy, Tanagra ruficollis Gmelin=AfotaciMa campestris Linnaeus. *Euneornis campestris (Linnaeus). ORANGEQUIT. Motacilla campestris Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 184, 1758 — based on "American Hedge Sparrow" Edwards, Nat. Hist. Bds., 3, p. 122, pi. 122, fig. [2]; Jamaica (=female). Tanagra ruficollis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 894, 1789 — based on "Rufous- throated Tanager" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., 2, (1), p. 241, 1783; Jamaica (type in British Museum ;= male). Tachyphonus rufo-gularis Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 9, p. 320, 1846 — Jamaica (descr. male; type in coll. of F. de Lafresnaye, now in Museum of Compar- ative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 393, 1930). Tanagrella ruficollis Gosse, Bds. Jamaica, p. 236, 1847 — Jamaica (habits, nest, and eggs); idem, Illust. Bds. Jam., pi. 58, 1849. Glossiptila ruficollis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 24, "1856," p. 269, Jan., 1857 — Jamaica and "S. Domingo," errore (monog.); idem, I.e., 1861, p. 73 — Jamaica; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 54, 1862 — Jamaica; March, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, p. 296 — Jamaica (nest and eggs); Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 48, 1886— Moneague and Chester- field, Jamaica; Cory, Auk, 3, p. 54, 1886 — Jamaica (monog.); idem, Birds W. Ind., p. 68, 1889— Jamaica (monog.); idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 117, 1892— Jamaica; Scott, Auk, 10, p. 339, 1893— Jamaica (habits); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 424, 1902— Jamaica (monog.). Glossoptila campestris Lucas, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 17, p. 301, 1894 (tongue). Euneornis campestris Sharpe, Hand-List Bds., 5, p. 344, 1909 — Jamaica; Danforth, Auk, 45, p. 489, 1928 — Kingston, Lumsden, Jacksontown, and Mandeville, Jamaica (food, song). Range. — Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles. 24: Jamaica. Family COMPSOTHLYPIDAE. Wood Warblers Genus MNIOTILTA Vieillot Mniotilta Vieillot, Analyse Nouv. Ornith. Elem., p. 45, 1816 — type, by monotypy, "Figuier varie" BuSon- Motacilla varia Linnaeus. Oxyglossus Swainson, Zool. Journ., 3, p. 356, 1827 — type, by orig. desig., Certhia maculata Wilson = Motacilla varia Linnaeus. lNeornis (not of Hodgson, 1844) Hartlaub (Erster Nachtrag Verz. Vogels. Mus. Bremen, p. 8, 1846), based on an undescribed species, Neornis caerulea Hartlaub (MS.), is a nomen nudum, and has no nomenclatorial standing. 332 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII *Mniotilta varia (Linnaeus). BLACK-AND-WHITE CREEPER. Motacilla varia Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 333, 1766 — based on the "Small Black and White Creeper" Sloane (Nat. Hist. Jamaica, 2, p. 309, pi. 265, fig. 1, Jamaica) and "Le Figuier varie de S. Domingue" Brisson (Orn., 3, p. 529, pi. 27, fig. 5, Santo Domingo). Certhia maculata Wilson, Amer. Orn., 3, p. 23, pi. 19, fig. 3, 1811 — Pennsylvania (type in Peale's Museum, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 357, 1930). Mniotilta borealis Nuttall, Man. Orn. U. S. and Canada, 2nd ed., 1, p. 705, 1840 — Spot Pond, near Medford, Massachusetts (type doubtless lost). Mniotilta varia var. longirostris Baird, Rep. Expl. Surv. R. R. Pacif., 9, p. xxxi, 1858 — Florida=Cape Florida (cf. p. 236, in text; type in U. S. National Museum). Mniotilta varia Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 251, 641, 1885 (monog.); Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 178, 1900— Bonda, Las Nubes, and Onaca, Colombia; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 432, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Hellmayr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911, p. 1091 — Pueblo Rico and Loma Hermosa, Colombia; idem and Seilern, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 45, 1912— San Esteban, Venezuela; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 543, 1917 — Caldas, Las Lomitas, San Antonio, Rio Frio, Salento, Santa Elena, El Eden, and El Consuelo (above Honda), and Quetame, Colombia; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 458, 1922 — Santa Marta region, Colombia; Chap- man, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 592, 1926 — Baeza, Ecuador; Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 197, 1928— Lower California; Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 413, 1931— Rio Frio, Magdalena, Colombia. Range. — North America from Mackenzie, Manitoba, Ontario, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick south to eastern Texas, Louisiana, central Alabama, and northern Georgia, west to South Dakota and casually to Wyoming, Montana, and Colorado; winters from Colima and Nuevo Leon, Mexico, to Colombia, Ecuador (Baeza), and Venezuela, and in Florida, the Bahamas, and the West Indies to Guadeloupe; casually in southern Texas, California, and Lower California; accidental in Washington and Bermuda. 178: Maine (Brewer, 1; New Vineyard, 1); Massachusetts (Cliftondale, 8; Natick, 2); Rhode Island (Johnston, 1); Connecticut (East Hartford, 22); New York (Hastings, 1; Shelter Island, 4); New Jersey (Englewood, 1); Pennsylvania (Hockelage, 1); Illinois (Addison, 1; Chicago, 4; Deerfield, 1; Fox Lake, 1; Grand Chain, 11; Henry, 2; Joliet, 2; Lake Forest, 9; Mound City, 3; Olive Branch, 1); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 8); Iowa (Cedar Rapids, 1); North Carolina (Raleigh, 2); Florida (Eau Gallic, 1; Gainesville, 3; Jupiter, 1; Key West, 3; Lake Worth, 2; Nassau County, 2; New River, 2; West Jupiter, 4); Mississippi (Holly Springs, 1); Texas (Corpus 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 333 Christi, 3; Ingram, 1); Mexico (Tampico, 4; Yucatan, Cozumel Island, 1); Ruatan Island, Bay of Honduras, 1; Guatemala (Maza- tenango, 1; Patulul, Solola, 1); Costa Rica (Coliblanco, 1; Guayabo, 1; Port Limon, 1); West Indies (Abaco, 1; Great Bahama, 2; Bimini, 3; Berry, 2; Eleuthera, 3; Watlings, 5; Nassau, 1; Cuba, 1; Old Providence, 4; Grand Cayman, 4; Jamaica, 3; Inagua, 6; Haiti, 1; Santo Domingo, 9; Mona, 1; Porto Rico, 3; St. Croix, 1; St. Eustatius, 2; St. Kitts, 1; St. Andrews, 1); Colombia ("Bogota," 1); Venezuela (near M^rida, 1). Genus PROTONOTARIA Baird Protonotaria Baird, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R. R. Pac., 9, p. 239, 1858 — type, by monotypy, Motacilla protonotarius Gmelin =MotaciHa citrea Boddaert. *Protonotaria citrea (Boddaert). PROTHONOTARY WARBLER. Motacilla citrea Boddaert, Tabl. PL Enl., p. 44, 1783— based on "Figuier a ventre et tete jaune de la Louisiane" Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 704, fig. 2; Louisiana. Motacilla protonotarius Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 972, 1789 — based on "Figuier Protonotaire" Buff on; Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 704, fig. 2, etc.; Louisiana. Motacilla auricollis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 984, 1789 — based on "Le Grand Figuier de Canada" Brisson, Orn., 3, p. 508, pi. 26, fig. 1, Canada (type in coll. of M. de Reaumur). Protonotaria citrea Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 780 — south of MSrida, Venezuela; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 494 — Antioquia; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 249, 641, 1885 (monog.); Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 483, 1893— Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 143, 1898— Santa Marta; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 178, 1900— Bonda, Colombia; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 442, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 817, 1910 — Bolson and San Jose, Costa Rica; Chap- man, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 543, 1917 — Algodonal, Colombia; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 273, 1918 — Toro Point and Mindi, Panama; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 458, 1922 — Bonda, Gaira, Mamatoco, Punta Caiman, and Fundacion, Colombia; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 592, 1926— Esmeraldas, Ecuador; Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 413, 1931 — Sevillano, Cienaga, Donjaca, and Rio Frio, Magdalena, Colombia; Peters, I.e., 71, p. 333, 1931 — Almirante Bay region, Panama. Mniotilla citrea L6otaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 179, 1866 — Trinidad. Range. — United States from northeastern Nebraska and Min- nesota, southern Wisconsin and Michigan, Ohio, central Delaware, and eastern Maryland (one record from northern New Jersey) south to eastern Texas, southern Alabama, and northern Florida; 334 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII winters in Nicaragua, Costa Rica (sparingly), Panama, northern Colombia, western Ecuador (one record from Esmeraldas), Vene- zuela'(one record from near Me"rida), and Trinidad (one record); accidental in the West Indies, casual north to New Jersey, New York, New England, Michigan, Ontario, New Brunswick, and Arizona. 34: New York (unspecified, 1); Indiana (Davis Station, 1); Illinois (Lewistown, 2; Olive Branch, 2; Pulaski County, 1; Warsaw, 1); Kansas (Hamilton, 1); South Carolina (Mount Pleasant, 4); Florida (Amelia Island, 1; East Pass, 2; Gainesville, 2; Key West, 5; Mary Esther, 1; Puntarasa, 1); Mississippi (Vicksburg, 5); Texas (Corpus Christi, 1) ; Colombia (near San Jos£ de Cucuta, 1) ; Vene- zuela (Encontrados, Zulia, 2). Genus LIMNOTHLYPIS Stone Limnothlypis Stone, Science, (n.s.), 40, No. 1018, p. 26, July, 1914 — type, by orig. desig., Sylvia swainsonii Audubon. *Limnothlypis swainsonii (Audubon). SWAINSON'S WARBLER. Sylvia swainsonii Audubon, Birds Amer. (folio), 2, pi. 198, 1834; idem, Orn. Biog., 2, p. 563, 1834 (71835)— Edisto River, near Charleston, South Carolina (type in U. S. National Museum). Helminthophila swainsoni Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 232, 1885 — southern United States, wintering in Jamaica. Helinaia swainsonii Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1889, p. 236 — near the town of Vera Cruz, Mexico; Cory, Auk, 8, p. 298, 1891 — Bimini Islands, Bahamas; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 436, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 365, 1905 — Cay Lobos, Bahamas; Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 84, 1911 — Matamoros, Tamaulipas; Peters, Auk, 30, p. 378, 1911 — Santa Lucia, Quintana Roo, Mexico, and Swan Island, Caribbean Sea; Ramsden, Auk, 31, p. 253, 1914 — San Carlos, near Guantanamo, Cuba. Helmitherus swainsoni Cory, Bds. W. Ind., p. 41, 1889 — Cuba and Jamaica. Limnothlypis swainsonii Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 112, 1923 — Cuba (Cojimar and near Guantanamo). Range. — Southern United States from northeastern Oklahoma, southeastern Missouri, southern Illinois and Indiana, and south- eastern Virginia (Warwick County) south to Louisiana and northern Florida; migrates through Cuba (two records) and the Bahamas (Bimini Islands, Cay Lobos) and winters in Jamaica, Quintana Roo (Santa Lucia), and Swan Island, Caribbean Sea; casual in Nebraska, Texas, Tamaulipas (Matamoros), and Vera Cruz (Vera Cruz). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 335 12: South Carolina (Charleston, 4; Hardiville, 1; Mount Pleasant, 1); Georgia (Altamaha River swamp, 1); Mississippi (Vicksburg, 1); Florida (Key West, 2; Sombrero Key, 1) ; Bahama Islands (Bimini, 1). Genus HELMITHEROS Rafinesque Helmitheros Rafinesque, Journ. Phys. Chimie et Hist. Nat., 88, p. 418, 1819 — type, by orig. desig., Helmitheros migratorius Rafinesque =Motacil la vermivora Gmelin. Helinaia Audubon, Syn. Bds. Amer., p. 67, 1839 — type, by subs, desig. (Gray, List. Gen. Bds., 2nd ed., p. 33, 1841), Motacilla vermivora Gmelin. Helonaea Agassiz, Nomencl. Zool. Ind. Univ., pp. 175, 176, 1846 — emendation of Helinaia Audubon. Helmitherus Baird, Rep. Expl. Surv. R. R. Pac., 9, p. 251, 1858 — emendation of Helmitheros Rafinesque. Helmintherus Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 135 (emendation). Helmithera Sundevall, Meth. Nat. Av. Disp. Tent., p. 28, 1872 (emendation). Helminthotherus Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 112, 1880 (emendation). •Helmitheros vermivorus (Gmelin). WORM-EATING WARBLER. Motacilla vermivora1 Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 951, 1789 — based on "The Worm-eater" Edwards, Glean. Nat. Hist., 2, p. 200, pi. 305; Pennsylvania. Helmitheros migratorius Rafinesque, Journ. Phys. Chimie Hist. Nat., 88, p. 418, 1819 — based on Sylvia vermivora Wilson, Amer. Orn., 3, p. 74, pi. 24, fig. 4; Pennsylvania. Vermivora pennsylvanica2 Jardine ed. Wilson's Amer. Orn., 1, p. 363, 1832 — new name for Sylvia vermivora Wilson. Vermivora fulvicapilla Swainson, Nat. Hist. Classif. Bds., 2, p. 245, 1837 — based on Sylvia vermivora Wilson, Amer. Orn., 3, pi. 24, fig. 4; Pennsylvania. Helminthotherus vermivorus Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 112, 1880; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 230, 638, 1885 (monog.). Helmitheros vermivorus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 439, 1902 (monog.); Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 365, 1905 — Bahamas (New Providence, Cay Lobos, Great Inagua); Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 113, 1923— Cuba. Range. — United States from southern Iowa, northern Illinois, western New York, Pennsylvania, and the Hudson and Connecticut River valleys south to southern Missouri, northern Alabama and Georgia, Tennessee, Virginia, and the mountains of South Carolina; 1 Misprinted "mervimora." 1 This name, often attributed to Swainson, does not occur in the Phil. Mag., (n.s.), 1, p. 434, 1827. 336 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII winters from Chiapas to Panama, Cuba, the Bahamas, and rarely in Florida; casual in Massachusetts, Vermont, Ontario, and Wisconsin. 28: New Jersey (Englewood, 5); West Virginia (Coalburg, 1); Ohio (Columbus, 1); Indiana (Wheatland, 1); South Carolina (Charleston, 2; Mount Pleasant, 3); Florida (Banana River, 1; Gainesville, 1; Key West, 3; Nassau County, 2; Puntarasa, 2); West Indies (Cayman Brae, 1; Great Bahama, 1; Inagua, 1; Jamaica, 1); Guatemala (Patulul, Solola, 1); Costa Rica (Guayabo, 1). Genus VERMIVORA Swainson1 Vermivora Swainson, Phil. Mag., (n.s.), 1, p. 434, June, 1827 — type, by monotypy, Vermivora solitaria Wi\son=Certhia pinus Linnaeus. Helminihophaga (not of Bechstein, 1803) Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 20, 1851 — type, by orig. desig., Motacilla chrysoptera Linnaeus. 1 The following "species" referred to the genus are now regarded as hybrids. (1) Vermivora leucobronchialis (Brewster). BREWSTER'S WARBLER. Helminthophaga leucobronchialis Brewster, American Sportsman (news- paper), 5, p. 33, Oct. 17, 1874 — Newtonville, Massachusetts (type in coll. of W. Brewster, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 357, 1930). Helminthophaga gunnii Gibbs, Daily Democrat (newspaper, Grand Rapids, Michigan), June 1, 1879— -Ottawa County, Michigan (location of type unknown); Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 4, p. 233, 1879 (crit.). Helminthophila leucobronchialis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 453, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Bishop, Auk, 22, pp. 21-22, 1905 (crit.); Townsend, Auk, 25, p. 65, 1908 (crit.); Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 40, No. 2, pp. 55-78, col. pi., 1911; idem, I.e., No. 6, pp. 311-316, 1913 (crit.); Hellmayr, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 14, p. 284, 1920— El Valle, Me>ida, Venezuela (male, Apr. 8, 1895). This bird, shown by Faxon to be a hybrid between V. chrysoptera and V. pinus, has been taken frequently in the eastern United States and winters in Venezuela (El Valle, near Merida). 1: New Jersey (Englewood, 1). (2) Vermivora lawrencii (Herrick). LAWRENCE'S WARBLER. Helminthophaga lawrencii Herrick, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1874, p. 220, pi. 15— Passaic River, New Jersey (type in coll. of H. Herrick). Helminthophila lavrrencii Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 452, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Bishop, Auk, 22, pp. 21-24, 1905 (crit.). This bird, believed to be a hybrid between Vermivora pinus and V. chrys- optera, also has been found in the eastern United States (New Jersey, New York, Connecticut), but is much less common. (3) Vermivora cincinnatiensis (Langdon). CINCINNATI WARBLER. Helminthophaga cincinnatiensis Langdon, Jqurn. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., 3, No. 2, p. 119, 1880 — Madisonville, Hamilton County, Ohio (type in coll. of F. W. Langdon); idem, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 5, p. 208, pi. 4, 1880 (reprint); Ridgway, I.e., 5, p. 237, 1880 (crit.); Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 446, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.). The unique type taken on May 1, 1880, at Madisonville, Ohio, is an obvious hybrid between Vermivora pinus and Oporornis formosa. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 337 Helminthophila Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 7, p. 53, 1882 — new name for Helminthophaga Cabanis, preoccupied. Oreothlypis Ridgway, Auk, 1, p. 169 (in text), 1884 — type, by orig. desig., Compsothlypis gutturalis Cabanis. "Vermivora chrysoptera (Linnaeus). GOLDEN- WINGED WARBLER. Motacilla chrysoptera Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 333, 1766 — based on "The Golden-winged Fly-catcher" Edwards, Glean. Nat. Hist., 2, p. 189, pi. 299; Pennsylvania. Motacilla flavifrons Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 976, 1789— based on "Yellow- fronted Warbler" Pennant, Arct. Zool., 2, p. 404; Pennsylvania. Sylvicola inornata Swainson, Phil. Mag., (n.s.), 1, p. 434, 1827 — near Vera Cruz, Mexico (location of type not stated). Helminthophaga chrysoptera Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 494 — Santa Elena, Colombia; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 114, 1880 (monog.) ; idem, Ibis, 1880, p. 117— Minca, Colombia. Helminthophila chrysoptera Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 235, 639, 1885 (monog.); Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 160, 1898— Pueblo Viejo, Colombia; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 178, 1900— Bonda, Las Nubes, Minca, and Pueblo Viejo, Colombia; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 448, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.). Vermivora chrysoptera Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 543, 1917 — Salento, El Eden, and Villavicencio, Colombia; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 457, 1922 — Las Nubes and Chirua, Colombia; Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 114, 1923 — near Cardenas, Cuba. Range. — North America from Minnesota, Ontario, and Massa- chusetts south to southern Iowa, northern Illinois, Indiana, and New Jersey, and in the mountains to northern Georgia; winters from Guatemala to Colombia and Venezuela (MeYida region), and casually in southern Mexico; casual in Kansas; accidental in Manitoba and Cuba. 12: Massachusetts (Lincoln, 1; unspecified^ 1); Connecticut (Suffield, 1); New Jersey (Englewood, 1); Illinois (Beach, Lake County, 1; Deerfield, 2; Henry, 1; Joliet, 1; Lake Forest, 1); Texas (Brownsville, 1); Costa Rica (Coliblanco, 1). "Vermivora pinus (Linnaeus). BLUE-WINGED WARBLER. Certhia pinus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 187, 1766 — based chiefly on "The Pine-Creeper" Edwards, Glean. Nat. Hist., 2, p. 140, pi. 277, upper fig.; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Sylvia solitaria Wilson, Amer. Orn., 2, p. 109, pi. 15, fig. 4, 1810 — Pennsylvania (type in Peale's Museum, doubtless lost). Helminthophaga pinus Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 115, 1880 — eastern North America, south to Mexico (Vera Cruz, Jalapa, Cordoba) and Guatemala (Retalhuleu, Coban, Choctum, Teleman). 338 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Helminthophila pinus Sharpe, Cat. Eds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 237, 639, 1885 (monog.); Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 483, 1893— Greytown and Escondido River, Nicaragua; Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, p. 105, 1899— Chirua, Colombia; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 455, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 365, 1905— Abaco. Vermivora pinus Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 325, 1932 — Guate- mala (Secanquim and Hacienda California). Range. — Eastern United States from southeastern Minnesota, southern Michigan, western New York and Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and southern Connecticut south to northeastern Kansas, Missouri, northern Alabama and Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware; winters from southern Mexico to Nicaragua and casually to Colombia (one record from Chirua, Santa Marta region) ; occasional in southern Ontario; accidental in the Bahamas (one record from Abaco). 17: Connecticut (Fair-field, 1; New Haven, 1; Shelton, 1); New Jersey (Englewood, 5; Leonia, 1; New Lisbon, 1); Illinois (Grand Chain, 2; Chicago, 1); Missouri (Cliff Cave, 1); Arkansas (Winslow, 1); Mexico (unspecified, 1); Guatemala (Gualan, Zacapa, 1). *Vermivora bachmanii (Audubon). BACHMAN'S WARBLER. Sylvia bachmanii Audubon, Birds Amer. (folio), 2, pi. 185, 1833 [1834?]; idem, Orn. Biog., 2, p. 483, 1834 [1835?]— near Charleston, South Carolina (type in U. S. National Museum). Helminthophila bachmanii Widmann and Ridgway, Auk, 14, pp. 305-310, 1897 — Dunklin County, Missouri (habits, nest and eggs descr.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 458, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Brewster, Auk, 22, p. 392, 1905 — near Charleston, South Carolina (breed- ing; descr. young); Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 365, 1905 — Cay Sal, Bahamas. Vermivora bachmani Holt, Auk, 37, p. 103, pi. 4, 1920 — Bear Swamp, near Autaugaville, Alabama (nest and eggs descr.); Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 113, 1923— Cuba. Range. — Southern United States, in southeastern Missouri, northeastern Arkansas, western Kentucky, northern Alabama, and in South Carolina (near Charleston), probably also in southern Indiana and eastern North Carolina; migrates through Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida; winters in Cuba; casual in Virginia and the Bahamas (Cay Sal). 30: Florida (Key West, 19; Town Point, Santa Rosa County, 4); Louisiana (Mandeville, near New Orleans, 7). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 339 *Vermivora peregrina (Wilson). TENNESSEE WARBLER. Sylvia peregrina Wilson, Amer. Orn., 3, p. 83, pi. 25, fig. 2, 1811 — banks of the Cumberland River, Tennessee (type in Peale's Museum, doubtless lost). Sylvia tenensaei Vieillot, Tabl. Enc. M6th., Orn., livr. 89, p. 452, 1820— based on Wilson, Amer. Orn., 3, pi. 25, fig. 2. Sylvia missuriensis Wied, Journ. Orn., 6, p. 117, 1858 — lower Missouri River (type lost). Helminthophaga peregrina Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 322 — Herradura, Colombia; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 494 — Concordia, Colombia; Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1880, p. 117 — Minca, Colombia; idem, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 117, 1880 — North America, south to Panama and Colombia; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 282, 1884 — Bucaramanga. Helminthophila peregrina Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 239, 1885 (monog.); Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 143, 1898— Santa Marta; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 178, 1900— Bonda, Onaca, Las Nubes, and Valparaiso, Colombia; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 460, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Hellmayr and Seilern, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 45, 1912— Las Quiguas, Carabobo (Feb. 22), Cumana, and Merida, Venezuela. Vermivora peregrina Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 543, 1917 — Mira- flores, Santa Elena, and Buena Vista, Colombia; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 457, 1922 — La Conception, Chirua, Bonda, Las Nubes, Valparaiso, Cincinnati, Dibulla, Pueblo Viejo, and Fundacion, Colombia; Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 114, 1923 — near Cojimar, Cuba; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 326, 1932— Guatemala. Range. — Northern North America, from the upper Yukon Valley, southern Mackenzie, northern Manitoba, Quebec, and Anticosti Island south to southern British Columbia, Alberta, and Manitoba, northern Minnesota and Michigan, Ontario, New York (Adirondacks), northern Maine, and New Hampshire; migrates mainly through the Mississippi Valley; winters from southern Mexico to Colombia and northern Venezuela (Cumand; Las Quiguas, Carabobo; Me"rida); occasional in Florida and Cuba; accidental in California and Greenland. 100: Maine (New Vineyard, 1; Upton, 6); New Jersey (Engle- wood, 3); Illinois (Addison, 1; Chicago, 4; Deerfield, 3; Fox Lake, 4; Henry, 8; Joliet, 3; Lake Forest, 11; Worth, 1); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 11) ; Iowa (Burlington, 2) ; North Carolina (Buncombe County, 1); Tennessee (unspecified, 1); Mississippi (Vicksburg, 2); Texas (Laredo, 1); Mexico (Guerrero, 1; Yucatan, Cozumel Island, 2); Guatemala (Los Amates, 1; Mazatenango, 6; Patulul, Solola, 1; San Jose", 1); Nicaragua (San Geronimo, 3); Costa Rica (Guayabo, 15; Turrialba Station, 1; Volcan de Turrialba, 2); West Indies (Grand Cayman, 3); Venezuela (Caracas, 1). 340 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII *Vermivora celata celata (Say). ORANGE-CROWNED WARBLER. Sylvia celatus(a) Say, in Long, Exped. Rocky Mts., 1, p. 169 (note), 1823 — Engineer Cantonment, near Council Bluffs = Omaha, Nebraska (type deposited in Peale's Museum, doubtless lost); Bonaparte, Amer. Orn., 1, p. 45, pi. 5, fig. 2, 1825 — Engineer Cantonment (descr. and fig. of type). Helminthophaga celata var. obscura Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 192, pi. 11, fig. 6, 1874— Enterprise, Florida (type in U. S. National Museum). Helminthophila celata Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 244, 640, 1885 (part). Helminthophila celata celata Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 462, 1902 (part). Helminthophila celata subsp. H. obscura Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 246, 1885 — Georgia and Florida (in winter). Vermivora celata celata Oberholser, Auk, 22, p. 242, 1905 (crit., range); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 197, 1928— Lower California. Range. — Alaska, excepting the coast region from Cook Inlet southward, and the Canadian territories of Yukon, Mackenzie, Athabasca, and central Keewatin; in migration south to Washington, Arizona, Texas, Florida, South Carolina, New England, and eastern Mexico (Hidalgo). 19: Illinois (Chicago, 2; Deerfield, 3); Florida (Gainesville, 4; Wacissa River, 1) ; Louisiana (Buras, 2) ; Texas (El Paso, 1; Falfurrias, 1; Harlingen, 1; Ingram, Kerr County, 1); Mexico (Tampico, 3). *Vermivora celata orestera Oberholser.1 ROCKY MOUNTAIN ORANGE-CROWNED WARBLER. Vermivora celata orestera Oberholser, Auk, 22, p. 243, 1905 — Willis, New Mexico (type in U. S. National Museum); Smith, Condor, 12, p. 99, 1910— lower Rio Grande (Oct. 28); Grinnell, Pac. Coast Avifauna, 11, p. 146, 1915 — California; Oberholser, Auk, 34, p. 326, 1917 (crit., range); Swarth, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 24, p. 286, 1922— Stikine Valley, British Columbia; idem, I.e., 30, p. 136, 1924 — Atlin region, British Columbia; Grinnell, I.e., 32, p. 197, 1928 — Lower California (Cape region); Jewett, Condor, 30, p. 357, 1928 — Hart Mountains, Lake County, Oregon (Sept. 20-21); van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 282, 1931— Sonora. Vermivora celata orestura Allert, Auk, 47, p. 570, 1930 — Giard, Clayton County, Iowa (May 12). 1 Vermivora celata orestera Oberholser: Similar to V. c. celata, but larger and much more yellowish, both above and below. Though not admitted in the latest edition of the A. O. U. Check List, Grinnell, Miller, and Swarth believe the Rocky Mountain Orange-crowned Warbler to be a recognizable form. Further researches about the exact limits of its breeding range are, however, required. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 341 Helminthophila celata orestera Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. EL, 21, p. 367, 1905 — Escuinapa, Sinaloa (crit.); idem, I.e., 22, p. 180, 1906 — Rio Sestin, Durango. Helminlhophila celata (not Sylvia celata Say) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 244, 640, 1885 (part). Helminthophila celata celata Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 462, 1902— part, Rocky Mountains. Range. — Rocky Mountains from northern British Columbia (Atlin River and Stikine Valley) south to southeastern California, southern Arizona, and New Mexico; winters south to the Mexican states of Tamaulipas, Puebla, Morelos, Guerrero, Michoacan, Jalisco, and southern Lower California (Oberholser). 10: Montana (Columbia Falls, 2); South Carolina (unspecified, 1); Texas (El Paso, 1); New Mexico (Mimbres, 5); Arizona (Fort Grant, 1). *Vermivora celata lutescens (Ridgway). LUTESCENT WARBLER. Helminthophaga celata var. lutescens Ridgway, Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, (3), 4, p. 457, Dec., 1872— "Pacific coast, from Radiak [sic] to Cape St. Lucas" (type, from Kadiak Island, in U. S. National Museum). Helminthophila lutescens Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 246, 1885 (monog.). Helminthophila celata lutescens Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 466, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 21, p. 367, 1905— Escuinapa, Sinaloa; idem, I.e., 22, p. 180, 1906— Rio Sestin, Durango; Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 127, 1907— Tecpam, Guatemala. Vermivora celata lutescens Oberholser, Auk, 22, p. 245, 1905 (crit., range); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 198, 1928— Lower California; van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 282, 1931 — Sonora. Range. — Pacific coast of the United States from Cook Inlet, Alaska, south to the San Bernardino Mountains of southern Cali- fornia; winters from Chihuahua to Guatemala and in southern Lower California. 14: British Columbia (Boundary Bay, 1); Oregon (near Salem, 1; Mercer, 1); California (Calito, 1; Eureka, 1; Contra Costa County, 1; Los Gatos, 1; Monterey, 2; Oakland, 1; San Geronimo, 1); Mexico (Lower California, La Paz, 2); Guatemala (Sierra Santa Elena, 1). *Vermivora celata sordida (Townsend). DUSKY WARBLER. Helminthophila celata sordida Townsend, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 13, p. 139, 1890 — San Clemente Island, California (type in U. S. National Museum); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 467, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.). 342 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Vermivora celata sordida Oberholser, Auk, 22, p. 245, 1905 (crit., range); Townsend, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 48, p. 22, 1923 — Santa Margarita Island and Cape San Lucas, Lower California; Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 198, 1928— Lower California. Range. — San Clemente, Santa Catalina, Santa Cruz, and Santa Rosa Islands, California, and Todos Santos Islands, Lower Cali- fornia; also on the mainland, in the vicinity of San Diego and prob- ably south to El Rosario, latitude 30°; wintering on the adjacent mainland, casually to the San Francisco Bay region (Berkeley, Palo Alto, etc.). 6: California (Long Beach, 1; Los Angeles County, 1; Pasadena, 1; Santa Cruz, 1; San Diego, 1; Santa Catalina Island, 1). *Vermivora ruficapilla ruficapilla (Wilson). NASHVILLE WARBLER. Sylvia ruficapilla Wilson, Amer. Orn., 3, p. 120, pi. 27, fig. 3, 1811 — near Nashville, Tennessee (type in Peale's Museum, doubtless lost). Sylvia rubricapilla Wilson, Amer. Orn., 6, p. XV, 1812 — new name for Sylvia ruficapilla Wilson. Sylvia leucogastra Stephens, in Shaw, Gen. Zool., 10, (2), p. 622, 1817— new name for Sylvia ruficapilla Wilson. Sylvia nashvillei Vieillot, Tabl. Enc. M6th., Orn., livr. 89, p. 451, 1820— based on Sylvia ruficapilla Wilson. [Helminthophaga ruficapilla} var. ocularis Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 191, 1874 — Chicago, Illinois (type in U. S. National Museum). Helminthophaga ruficapilla Winge, Medd. Gr0nland, 21, p. 281, 1899 — Green- land (Godthaab, Oct. 10, 1823; Fiskenaes, Aug. 31, 1840). Helminthophila ruficapilla Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 242, 640, 1885 (part). Vermivora ruficapilla ruficapilla Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 325, 1932 — Guatemala (Sacupulas and San Lucas). Helminthophila rubricapilla rubricapilla Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 468 (monog., full bibliog.). Vermivora rubricapilla rubricapilla Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 84, 1911 — Tamaulipas (Matamoros, San Fernando, Galindo, Rio Martinez, Montelunga). Range. — North America, from central Saskatchewan and Ontario, southern Quebec, and Cape Breton Island south to Nebraska, northern Illinois, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, and Connecticut; wintering from Vera Cruz and Chiapas to Guatemala, casually in Florida and southern Texas; accidental in Greenland. 41: New Hampshire (Warner, 1); Massachusetts (Belmont, 1; Cliftondale, 1; Lexington, 1; Natick, 2; Sawyers, 1); Connecticut 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 343 (East Hartford, 5; Suffield, 1) ; New Jersey (Englewood, 2) ; Michigan (Kalamazoo, 1); Illinois (Beach, Lake County, 2; Chicago, 4; Deerneld, 1; Henry, 2; Joliet, 1; Lake Forest, 3; Warsaw, 1); Wis- consin (Beaver Dam, 3; Madison, 1; Woodruff, Vilas County, 1); South Carolina (St. Helena Island, 1); Arkansas (Winslow, 1); Texas (Boille, 1; Brownsville, 1; Corpus Christi, 1); Mexico (Iguala, Guerrero, 1). "Vermivora ruficapilla ridgwayi van Rossem. CALAVERAS WARBLER. [ Helminthophaga ruficapilla] var. gutturalis (not Compsothlypis gutturalis Cabanis, 1860) Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 191 (in text), 1874— Fort Tejon, California, and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada (type, from East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, in U. S. National Museum). Vermivora ruficapilla ridgwayi van Rossem, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, p. 179, 1929 — new name for Helminthophaga ruficapilla var. gutturalis Ridgway, preoccupied; idem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 281, 1831 — Sonora (San Javier, Saric, Chinobampo); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 325, 1932 — Guatemala (Finca La Primavera, Momostenango, Barillos, San Lucas). Helminthophila ruficapilla (not Sylvia ruficapilla Wilson) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 242, 640, 1885 (part). Helminthophila ruficapilla gutturalis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 470, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.). Vermivora ruficapilla gutturalis Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 12, p. 193, 1914— lower Colorado Valley (crit.); idem, I.e., 32, p. 197, 1928— northern Lower California. Range. — Western North America, from southern part of British Columbia south to the central Sierra Nevada of California, eastern Oregon, and Idaho; winters south to southwestern Mexico (states of Puebla, Oaxaca, Guerrero, Jalisco, and Colima); in mi- gration to Lower California and Texas. 15: British Columbia (Okanagan, 3); Oregon (Logan, 2); Cali- fornia (Chaparral, Butte County, 1; Clipper Gap, Placer County, 1; Donner, Placer County, 1; Fort Jones, 1; Fyffe, 1; Sierra City, 3; Sweetwater River, southern California, 1); Mexico (Iguala, Guerrero, 1). *Vermivora virginiae (Baird). VIRGINIA'S WARBLER. Helminthophaga virginiae Baird, in Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Birds N. Amer., Atlas, p. vn (note), pi. 79, fig. 1, 1860 — Fort Burgwyn, New Mexico (type in U. S. National Museum). Helminthophila virginiae Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 247, 1885 (monog.); Allen and Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 155, 1883 344 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII — Colorado Springs, Colorado (plumages); Scott, Auk, 5, p. 33, 1888 — Catalina Mountains, Arizona; Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1889, p. 380 — Bolanos, Jalisco, and Mexico; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 471, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.). Vermivora virginiae van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 281, 1931 — Guirocoba, Sonora. Range. — Rocky Mountains from Nevada, Utah, and northern Colorado south to southern Arizona (Santa Catalina Mountains) and northeastern New Mexico; winters in Mexico south to Morelos, Guerrero, Michoacan, and Jalisco. 14: Colorado (Colorado Springs, 1); Utah (Salt Lake City, 1); Arizona (Florence, 1; Huachuca Mountains, 4); Mexico (Iguala, Guerrero, 7). Vermivora crissalis (Salvin and Godman).1 COLIMA WARBLER. Helminthophila crissalis Salvin and Godman, Ibis, (6), 1, p. 380, 1889 — Sierra Nevada, Colima, Mexico (type in Salvin-Godman Collection, now in British Museum); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 473, 1902 (ex Salvin and Godman). Vermivora crissalis Bangs, Auk, 42, pp. 251-253, 1925 — Tamaulipas (Miqui- huana), Michoacan (Patamba), and Coahuila (Sierra Guadalupe) (crit., plumages); van Tyne, Auk, 46, p. 206, 1929 — Boot Spring, Chisos Moun- tains, Texas. Vermivora broivni Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 71, p. 4, 1923 — Miquihuana, Tamaulipas (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York). Range. — Western Texas (Chisos Mountains) south through the mountains of Coahuila (Sierra Guadalupe) to western Tamaulipas (Miquihuana) and (? in winter) to Michoacan (Patamba) and Colima (Sierra Nevada). * Vermivora luciae (Cooper). LUCY'S WARBLER. Helminthophaga luciae Cooper, Proc. Calif. Acad. Nat. Sci., 2, p. 120, 1861 — near Fort Mojave, near latitude 35° in the Colorado Valley, Arizona (type in U. S. National Museum; cotypes in Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley; cf. Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 12, p. 193, 1914). Helminthophila luciae Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 248, 641, 1885— Tucson and Fort Whipple, Arizona; Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1889, p. 380 — Bolanos and Santana (Lake Chapala), Jalisco; Fisher, N. Amer. Faun., 7, p. 117, 1893— lower Santa Clara Valley, Utah; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 473, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.). 1 A very distinct species well-characterized by large size with heavy bill, and dull brownish coloration with reddish crown patch and yellowish rump, upper and under tail coverts. Its status and range have been discussed at length by the late Outram Bangs. Since that time, it has been found by van Tyne in the Chisos Mountains of Texas. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 345 Vermivora luciae Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 12, p. 191, 1914 — lower Colorado Valley (habits, nest, and eggs); idem, I.e., 32, p. 197, 1928 — Colorado Delta, Lower California; van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 281, 1931— Sonora (Tecoripa, Saric, T6sia). Range. — Valleys of the lower Colorado and Gila rivers (Lower Sonoran zone) from Santa Clara Valley, Utah, south through New Mexico, Arizona, southeastern California, and extreme northern Lower California; winters in western Mexico south to Jalisco. 15: Arizona (Benson, 1; Calabasas, 6; Chiricahua Mountains, 1; Fairbanks, 1; Fort Mojave, 1; Tombstone, 1; Tucson, 3); Mexico (Iguala, Guerrero, 1). *Vermivora gutturalis (Cabanis). iRAZtf WARBLER. Compsothlypis gutturalis Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 329, 1860 — [Irazu], Costa Rica (type in Berlin Museum). Parula gutturalis Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 172, 1864 — Rancho Redondo, Costa Rica; Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 93, 1868— Volcan "Yrazei"= Irazu, Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 292, 1869 — Potrero Cerrado, Irazu, Costa Rica; Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 182— Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama; Boucard, I.e., 1878, p. 52— Volcan de Irazu; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 123, pi. 8, fig. 3, 1880 — Costa Rica (Volcan de Irazu, Rancho Redondo) and Panama (Volcan de Chiriqui); Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5, p. 494, 1882— Volcan de Irazu; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 263, 643, 1885 — Costa Rica (Irazu) and Volcan de Chiriqui, "Veragua." Oreothlypis gutturalis Ridgway, Auk, 1, p. 169, 1884; Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 106, 1887— Irazu; Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, p. 473, 1891 — Achiote de Poas, Costa Rica (descr. juv.); Cherrie, I.e., 14, p. 524, 1891 — Volcan de Poas, Costa Rica (descr. juv.); Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 63, 1902— Boquete and Volcan de Chiriqui, Chiriquf ; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 476, 1902— Costa Rica and Chiriqui (monog.); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 815, 1910 — Costa Rica (Volcan de Turrialba, El Copey, Las Vueltas, La Lagunaria de Dota, San Juan de Irazu, Achiote de Poas, Escazu, Azahar de Cartago, Ujurras de Terraba); Ferry, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 275, 1910— Coliblanco and Volcan de Turrialba, Costa Rica. Range. — High mountains of Costa Rica and extreme western Panama (Volcan de Chiriqui). 14: Costa Rica (Coliblanco, 5; Volcan de Irazu, 3; Volcan de Turrialba, 6). *Vermivora superciliosa mexicana (Bonaparte).1 MEXICAN WARBLER. 1 Vermivora superciliosa mexicana (Bonaparte) : Similar to V. s. superciliosa, but upper parts, notably the pileum lighter, and auricular region nearly the same color as the crown instead of blackish as in the typical race. 346 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Parula mexicana (Lichtenstein MS.) Bonaparte,1 Consp. Gen. Av., 1, (2), p. 310, (end of) 1850 — Mexico (type in Berlin Museum). Compsothlypis mexicana (Lichtenstein MS.) Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 21, October, 1851 — Mexico (type in Heine Collection, now in Municipal Museum, Halberstadt). Vermivora superdliosa mexicana Miller and Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 183, p. 8, 1925 — Mexico (Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Jalisco; crit.). Parula superdliosa (not Conirostrum superciliosum Hartlaub) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 26, p. 299, 1858— La Parada, Oaxaca; idem, I.e., 27, p. 373, 1859— Talea, Oaxaca; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 26, 1862— La Parada; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 171, 1864 — part, Mexico (Orizaba); Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, p. 545, 1869 — Orizaba and Moyoapam, Vera Cruz; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 122, 1880 — part, Mexico (Orizaba, Moyoapam, Terra Fria, Talea, La Parada); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 255, 642, 1885 — part, spec, a-d, g-k, La Parada, near Mexico City, Ciudad Durango, and Oaxaca, Mexico. Oreothlypis superdliosa Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 477, 1902 — part, highlands of Mexico (states of Chihuahua, Durango, Jalisco, Michoacan, Puebla, Vera Cruz, Hidalgo, Guerrero, and Oaxaca); Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 84, 1911 — Tamaulipas (Rampahuila, Montelunga, Galindo, Realito). Range. — Highlands of Mexico, from Chihuahua, Nuevo Leon, and San Luis Potosi south to Guerrero and Oaxaca. 3: Mexico (near Mexico City, 2; Oaxaca, 1). * Vermivora superciliosa superdliosa (Hartlaub). HARTLAUB'S WARBLER. Conirostrum superciliosum Hartlaub, Rev. Zool., 7, p. 215, 1844 — Guatemala (type in Bremen Museum). Parula superdliosa Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 10 — Guatemala; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 171, 1864 — part, Guatemala; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 122, pi. 8, fig. 2, 1880— part, Guatemala (Quezaltenango, Volcan de Fuego, ridge above Chuacas, and Santa Bar- bara); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 255, 642, 1885— part, spec, e, f, l-o, Guatemala (Volcan de Fuego, Calderas, Santa Barbara). Oreothlypis superdliosa Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 477, 1902 — part, Guatemala, and Chiapas, Mexico; Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 127, 1907— Tecpam, Guatemala. Vermivora superdliosa superdliosa Miller and Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 183, p. 8, 1925 — Guatemala (crit.); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 1 From the evidence produced by Mr. Zimmer (Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 16, pp. 68-69, 122, 1926), Bonaparte's account would appear to have priority over Cabanis', unless the advance sheets of the "Museum Heineanum," which were in circulation long before the final issue of the work in October, 1851, be considered as publication. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 347 64, p. 326, 1932 — Guatemala (Chichicastenango, Momostenango, San Mateo, La Montanita, San Lucas, Tecpam, Quezaltenango). Range. — Highlands (Subtropical to Temperate zones) of Guate- mala and adjacent parts of Chiapas, southern Mexico. 3: Guatemala (near Tecpam, 3). Vermivora superciliosa parva Miller and Griscom.1 NICARAGUAN WARBLER. Vermivora superciliosa parva Miller and Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 183, p. 7, 1925 — near Jinotega, Nicaragua (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York). Range. — Highlands of Nicaragua (near Jinotega). Genus COMPSOTHLYPIS Cabanis Chloris (not of Cuvier, 1800) Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 972 — type, by virtual mono- typy, Sylvia americana Latham = Parus americanus Linnaeus. Sylvicola (not of M. Harris, 1776) Swainson, Phil. Mag., (n.s.), 1, No. 6, p. 433, June, 1827 — type, by subs, desig. (Swainson, Zool. Journ., 3, No. 10, p. 169, Sept., 1827), Sylvia pusilla Wilson. Parula (not Parulus Spix, 1824) Bonaparte, Geog. Comp. List. Bds. Eur. & N. Amer., p. 20, 1838 — type, by monotypy, Fonts americanus Linnaeus. CompsoMypis Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 20, Oct., 1851 — type, by subs, desig. (Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., p. 39, 1855), Parus americanus Linnaeus. *Compsothlypis americana pusilla (Wilson). NORTHERN PARULA WARBLER. Sylvia pusilla Wilson, Amer. Orn., 4, p. 17, pi. 28, fig. 3, 1811 — Pennsylvania, Kentucky, and New York; Philadelphia accepted as type locality (type in Peale's Museum, evidently lost). CompsoMypis americana usneae Brewster, Auk, 13, p. 44, 1886 — Lake Um- bagog, Maine (type in coll. of W. Brewster, now in Museum of Compara- tive Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 357, 1930); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 484, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.). Compsothlypis americana ramalinae Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, pp. 486, 783, 1902 — "Mississippi Valley and district of the upper Great Lakes; breeding from Louisiana and Texas to Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota" (neither type nor type locality designated); Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 127, 1907— Gualan (Feb. 7) and San Jose (Mar. 7), Guatemala; Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 84, 1911 — Tamaulipas (Matamoros, Aug. 22; Altamira, Dec. 16); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 326, 1932— Guatemala (Gualan, Coban, San Jos4). 1 Vermivora superciliosa parva Miller and Griscom: Similar to typical V. s. superciliosa in color, but much smaller, with proportionately longer bill. Wing (adult male, the type), 56; tail, 39.2; bill, 11. 348 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Compsothlypis americana pusilla Brewster, Auk, 35, p. 228, 1918 (nomencl.); Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 114, 1923— Cuba (Preston); Wetmore, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Is., 9, p. 504, 1927 — Porto Rico, Vieques, Culebra, Louis Pena, St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola, and Virgin Gorda (winter); Wetmore and Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 368, 1931 — Hispaniola (winter). Compsothlypis americana (not Partis americanus Linnaeus) Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 484, 1893 — Rio Escondido, Nicaragua (one spec., Oct. 26); Clark, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 32, p. 293, 1905— Barbados; Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 365, 1905 — Bahamas (winter). Parula americana Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 119, 1880 — North America (in part), Central America south to Guatemala (Coban), Cuba, etc.; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 256, 642, 1885 (monog., in part); Feilden, Ibis, 1889, p. 481— Barbados; Winge, Medd. Gr0nland, 21, p. 282, 1899 — South Greenland (one record); Nicoll, Ibis, 1904, pp. 571, 573, 575, 576— Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Croix, and St. Thomas. Range. — Eastern North America from eastern Nebraska, north- ern Minnesota, central Ontario, Anticosti Island, and Cape Breton Island south to Texas, Louisiana, and Maryland; winters in the Bahamas, Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles (east to Montserrat and Antigua, rarely Barbados), and from eastern Mexico (Tamaulipas) south to Guatemala and Nicaragua (one record from Rio Escondido) ; casual in Wyoming and Colorado; accidental in Greenland. 165: Maine (Brewer, 1; New Vineyard, 1; Upton, 1); Massa- chusetts (Brookline, 2; Cliftondale, 1; Natick, 1; unspecified, 5); Connecticut (East Hartford, 6); New York (Boonville, 1; Miller Place, 1; Sennett, 1; Shelter Island, 1; Suffolk County, 1); New Jersey (Englewood, 2); Illinois (Chicago, 3; Lake Forest, 2; Mound City, 3; Ravinia, 1); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 3; Woodruff, Vilas County, 2) ; Arkansas (Cleburne County, 1) ; Mississippi (Vicksburg, 5); Louisiana (New Orleans, 1); Texas (Corpus Christi, 2; Ingram, Kerr County, 1) ; Yucatan (Cozumel Island, 5) ; Guatemala (Gualan, Zacapa, 1; San Jose", Escuintla, 1); West Indies (Great Bahama, 13; Bimini, 3; Nassau, New Providence, 1; Andros, 6; Eleuthera, 6; Watlings, 5; Santiago, Cuba, 1; Cayman Brae, 4; Jamaica, 15; Old Providence, 2; Haiti, 5; Santo Domingo, 23; Porto Rico, 6; St. Thomas, 4; Tortola, 1; Virgin Gorda, 2; St. Croix, 5; St. Eustatius, 3; St. Kitts, 4). *Compsothlypis americana americana (Linnaeus). SOUTHERN PARULA WARBLER. Parus americanus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 190, 1758 — based on "The Finch-Creeper" Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, 1, p. 64, pi. 64; South Carolina. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR Motacilla eques Boddaert, Tabl. PL Enl., p. 46, 1783 — based on "Figuier cendr6 de la Caroline" Daubenton, PL EnL, pi. 731, fig. 1, and "Le Figuier cendr6 a collier" Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ge"n., 9, p. 442; Carolina and Canada. Motacilla ludoviciana Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 983, 1789 — based on "Le Figuier de la Louisiane" Brisson, Orn., 3, p. 500, pi. 26, fig. 4; part, Louisiana1 (type in coll. of M. de Reaumur). Sylvia torquata Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Ame>. Sept., 2, p. 38, pi. 99, "1807" [=1808, possibly 1809] — 'TAme>ique, depuis la Louisiane jusqu'au Canada, ... en hiver dans la Caroline du Sud . . . dans les iles de Saint- Domingue et de Porto-Rico" (type in coll. of P. L. Vieillot).1 Parula americana Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 256, 642, 1885 (monog., in part). Compsothlypis americana americana Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 481, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Todd, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 7, p. 431, 1911— Great Inagua, Bahamas (Feb. 19; crit.). Range. — Southeastern United States from the District of Co- lumbia south to Alabama and Florida; winters in Florida and the Bahamas (Great Inagua). 54: North Carolina (Raleigh, 7); South Carolina (Mount Pleasant, 1); Florida (East Pass, 2; Gainesville, 2; Key West, 1; Nassau County, 6; New River, 1; Mary Esther, 8; Miami Beach, 1; Starke, 1; Town Point, Santa Rosa County, 9; West Jupiter, 6); West Indies (Inagua Island, Bahamas, 9). *Compsothlypis pitiayumi3 nigrilora (Coues). SENNETT'S WARBLER. Parula nigrilora Coues, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., 4, No. 1, p. 11, Feb., 1878— Hidalgo, Texas (type in U. S. National Museum); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 120, 1880 — Rio Grande Valley; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 261, 643, pi. 11, fig. 2, 1885— part, Texas; Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1889, p. 236 — Tampico (Tamau- lipas), Nuevo Leon, and Valles (San Luis Potosi), Mexico. Compsothlypis pitiayumi nigrilora Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 490, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 84, 1911— Tamaulipas (Matamoros, Altamira, Caballeros, Santa Leonor, Guiaves, Rio Cruz, Montelunga); Chapman, Auk, 42, p. 196, 1925 (crit.). 1 The description appears to refer to the young male. The bird sent from Santo Domingo by M. Chervain is more likely to refer to C. a. pusilla. 3 From the habitat assigned to the species it is evident that Vieillot included both C. a. americana and C. a. pusilla under Sylvia torquata, but description and figure clearly refer to the Southern Parula Warbler without a dusky band across the chest, while the winter range, Santo Domingo and Porto Rico, is that of C. o. pusilla. Moreover, Vieillot's name seems to have been largely intended as a sub- stitute of Parus americanus and Motacilla ludoviciana, both of which are quoted in the synonymy. 3 The pitiayumi series may ultimately prove to be conspecific with C. americana. 350 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Range. — Valley of the lower Rio Grande in Texas south to Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, and southeastern San Luis Potosi (Valles). 6: Texas (Lonata, 1; Brownsville, 2; Cameron County, 1); Tam- aulipas (Tampico, 1; Sierra Madre, 1). Compsothlypis pitiayumi pulchra Brewster. BEAUTIFUL OLIVE- BACKED WARBLER. Compsothlypis pulchra Brewster, Auk, 6, p. 93, 1889 — Hacienda de San Rafael, Chihuahua, northwestern Mexico (cotypes in coll. of W. Brewster, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 357, 1930). Compsothlypis pitiayumi pulchra Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 491, 1902 (monog.); Chapman, Auk, 42, p. 198, 1925 (crit.); van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 282, 1931— Guirocoba, Sonora. Parula nigrilora (not of Coues) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 643, 1885 — part, spec, d, Presidio, Sinaloa. Range. — Pacific slope of western Mexico from southern Sonora (Guirocoba) and Chihuahua (Hacienda San Rafael) to Jalisco (Barranca Ibarra). Compsothlypis pitiayumi insular is (Lawrence). TRES MARIAS WARBLER. Parula insularis Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 10, p. 4, Feb., 1871 — part, Tres Marias Islands, Mexico (type in U. S. National Museum); idem, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 14, p. 278, 1871— Tres Marias; idem, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 2, p. 269, 1874— part, Tres Marias; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 121, 1880 — part, Tres Marias; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 262, 643, 1885— part, spec, a-c, Tres Marias. Compsothlypis insularis Nelson, North Amer. Faun., 14, p. 55, 1899 — Tres Marias, Isabel Island, and coast of Nayarit (between San Bias and Santiago). Compsothlypis pitiayumi insularis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 492, 1902— Tres Marias (monog.); Chapman, Auk, 42, p. 198, 1925— Tres Marias and coast of Nayarit (crit.); McLellan, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 16, p. 42, 1927 — Maria Madre, and Labrados, Sinaloa. Compsothlypis pitiayuma insularis McLellan, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 15, p. 311, 1926 — Tres Marias (Maria Madre, Maria Magdalena, Isabel Island). Parula pitiayumi (not Sylvia pitiayumi Vieillot) Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 266, 1865— Tres Marias (crit.). Range. — Tres Marias Islands (Maria Madre, Maria Magdalena, Isabel) and coastal region of western Mexico from Labrados, Sina- loa, to San Bias, Nayarit. *Compsothlypis pitiayumi graysoni Ridgway.1 SOCORRO WARBLER. 1 1 cannot see in the Socorro Warbler anything but a strongly marked race of the Olive-backed Warbler. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 351 Compsothlypis graysoni Ridgway, Man. N. Amer. Bds., p. 492, 1887 — Socorro Island, Mexico (type in U. S. National Museum); Townsend, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 13, p. 135, 1890— Socorro; Anthony, Auk, 15, p. 317, 1898 —Socorro; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 492, 1902— Socorro (monog.); Chapman, Auk, 42, p. 199, 1925 — Socorro and Lower California (crit.); Lamb, Condor, 27, p. 36, 1925 — Todos Santos and El Oro, Lower California; McLellan, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 15, p. 311, 1926 — Grayson's Cove, Socorro; Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 199, 1928— Lower California. Parula insularis Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 10, p. 4, 1871 — part, Socorro; idem, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 14, p. 300, 1871 — Socorro; idem, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 2, p. 269, 1874 — part, Socorro; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 121, 1880 — part, Socorro; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 262, 643, 1885— part, spec, d, Socorro. Range. — Socorro Island, Revillagigedo group; casual in southern Lower California (Todos Santos, Nov. 3, 1923, and July 23, 1924; El Oro, seen Feb. 5, 1924). 1: Socorro Island. Compsothlypis pitiayumi inornata (Baird). GUATEMALAN OLIVE-BACKED WARBLER. Parula inornata Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 171, Nov., 1864 — part, Choctum, Guatemala (type in Salvin-Godman Collection, now in British Museum) ; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 120, pi. 8, fig. 1, 1880 — part, Choctum, Guatemala; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 260, 643, 1885 — part, spec, f, g, Guatemala. Compsothlypis inornatus Nelson, Auk, 15, p. 159, 1898 — near Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico. Compsothlypis pitiayumi inornata Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 488, 1902 — Guatemala and Chiapas (monog.) ; Chapman, Auk, 42, p. 199, 1925 — part, Chiapas and Guatemala; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 327, 1932— Guatemala. Parula brasiliana (not Sylvia brasiliana Lichtenstein) Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1860, p. 397— Guatemala. Range. — Subtropical zone of southeastern Mexico, in State of Chiapas (Ocuilapa; near Tuxtla Gutierrez), and eastern Guatemala (Vera Paz).1 *Compsothlypis pitiayumi speciosa Ridgway.2 CfflRiQUf OLIVE- BACKED WARBLER. 1 Material examined. — Guatemala: Vera Paz, 3. 2 Compsothlypis pitiayumi speciosa Ridgway: Similar in coloration to C. p. pacifica, but with only one wing band, the median wing coverts lacking all trace of white. Agreeing in wing markings with C. p. inornata, but much more richly colored, being indigo blue above instead of bluish slate gray and having the throat and chest strongly tinged with orange ochraceous in the male sex. Specimens from Nicaragua, while verging toward C. p. inornata, seem to me better referred to the present form. 352 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Compsothlypis pitiayumi speciosa Ridgway, Auk, 19, p. 69, 1902 — Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama (type in U. S. National Museum); idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 487, 1902 — Nicaragua to Veragua (monog.); Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. CL, 3, p. 63, 1902— Boquete, Chiriqui; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 814, 1910 — Costa Rica (Guayabo, Bonilla, Santa Maria de Dota, Juan Vinas, Carrillo, La Vijagua, Cari- blanco de Sarapiqui, La Hondura); Ferry, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 275, 1910 — Guayabo and Coliblanco, Costa Rica; Chapman, Auk, 42, p. 200, 1925 — western Panama and Costa Rica (crit.). Parula inornata Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 171, 1864 — part, Angostura and Dota, Costa Rica; Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 93, 1868 — Costa Rica (Barranca, Dota, Angostura); Salvador!, Atti Acad. Sci. Torino, 4, p. 172, 1868 — Costa Rica (crit.); Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 292, 1869— Costa Rica; Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 182 — Boquete de Chitra, Veragua, and Volcan de Chiriqui; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 120, 1880 — part, Costa Rica and Panama (Volcan de Chiriqui, Boquete de Chitra, Calobre); Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6, p. 391, 1883— Island of Omete'pe, Nicaragua; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 260, 643, 1885— part, spec, a-e, h-o, Costa Rica and Panama (Chiriqui, Boquete de Chitra). Compsothlypis inornata Zeled6n, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 106, 1887 — Naranjo de Cartago and Dota, Costa Rica. Compsothlypis pitiayumi inornata Chapman, Auk, 42, p. 199, 1925 — part, Nicaragua. Range. — Caribbean side of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and western Panama south to Veragua. 13: Costa Rica (Carrillo, 1; Guayabo, 7; Coliblanco, 1; Buena Vista de San Carlos, 1; Tuis, 1; Peralta, 2). Compsothlypis pitiayumi nana Griscom.1 LESSER OLIVE- BACKED WARBLER. Compsothlypis pitiayumi nana Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 282, p. 8, 1927 — Cape Garachine1, eastern Panama (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, p. 183, 1929— Cana, Panama. Range. — Tropical zone of eastern Panama (Cape Garachin£ and Cana, Darien). *Compsothlypis pitiayumi pacifica(Berlepsch and Taczanowski).2 PACIFIC OLIVE-BACKED WARBLER. 1 Compsothlypis pitiayumi nana Griscom: "Most closely resembling C. p. elegans in coloration, but green patch on back greatly reduced in area; size much smaller. Wing (adult female), 46 M; tail, 30." (Griscom, I.e.). This race, though known only from females, appears to be distinguished by its dimensions, which are much inferior to those of the corresponding sex of C. p. elegans. In size it apparently forms the transition to C. p. pacifica, from which it differs by darker coloration and broader white wing bands. 2 Compsothlypis pitiayumi pacifica (Berlepsch and Taczanowski) : Smaller and much darker (indigo blue) above than C. p. elegans; the white wing bands much 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 353 Parula pitiayumi pacifica Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 286, 1884 — Surupata and Cayandeled, Ecuador (type, from Surupata, in Warsaw Museum; cf. Sztolcman and Domaniewski, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 6, p. 162, 1927); MSnegaux, Miss. Serv. Geogr. Armee Mes. Arc Me>id. Equat., 9, p. B. 71, 1911 — Gualea, Ecuador; Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 77, 1922— Mindo and Gualea, Ecuador. Parula brasiliana (not Sylvia brasiliana Lichtenstein) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 27, p. 137, 1859 — Pallatanga, Ecuador; idem, I.e., 28, pp. 84, 273, 291, 1860 — Nanegal, Babahoyo, and Esmeraldas, Ecuador. Parula pitiayumi (not Sylvia pitiayumi Vieillot) Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 26, 1862 — part, spec, a, b, Pallatanga and Babahoyo; Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 236, 1869— Puna Island, Ecuador; Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, p. 319 — Tumbez, Peru; Berlepsch and Taczanowski, I.e., 1883, p. 541 — Chimbo, Ecuador; Tacza- nowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 463, 1884 — part, Tumbez, Lechugal, and Paucal, Peru; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 259, 643, 1885 — part, spec, i, k, 1, v, "Quito," Babahoyo, Pallatanga, and Balzar, Ecuador; Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 479, 1898 — Chimbo, Ecuador; Salvador! and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 7, 1899 — Gualea, Intac, Vinces, and Balzar, Ecuador. Compsothlypis pitiayumi pacifica Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 544, 1917 — Ricaurte, Narifto, Colombia; idem, Auk, 42, p. 203, 1925 — (monog.); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 592, 1926 — western Ecuador (numerous localities) and northwestern Peru (Paletillas, Palambla). Parula inornata (not of Baird) Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 314 — San Nicolas, Guanacillo, and Rio Blanco, western Ecuador. Range. — Tropical zone of extreme southwestern Colombia (Ricaurte, Narino), western Ecuador, and extreme northwestern Peru (Tumbez, Lechugal, Paletillas, Palambla, Paucal). 3: Ecuador (Puente de Chimbo, 2; Bucay, 1). *Compsothlypis pitiayumi elegans Todd.1 ELEGANT OLIVE- BACKED WARBLER. reduced in extent; throat and chest in adult males deeper orange ochraceous. Similar to C. p. speciosa in intense coloration, but median upper wing coverts tipped with white, forming a second band across the wing. Wing, 52-54, (female) 48-50. Thirty specimens from western Ecuador (Esmeraldas to Guayaquil) and one from Tumbez examined. 1 Compsothlypis pitiayumi elegans Todd: Very similar to C. p. pitiayumi, but upper part of the head and nape brighter bluish and lower back darker bluish gray; size perhaps on average smaller. This is not a strongly marked race, and single specimens cannot always be distinguished from typical pitiayumi; but when series are compared the brighter bluish tone of the upper parts in the northern birds is undeniable. While adult males from different parts of Venezuela and Colombia agree in color, those from Trinidad are more deeply colored beneath, having the throat and chest of a 354 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Compsolhlypis pitiayumi elegans Todd, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 8, p. 204, May, 1912 — Anzoategui, Lara, Venezuela (type in Carnegie Museum); Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 208, 1913— Cariaquito, Venezuela; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 151, 1916 — Altagracia and Agua Salada de Ciudad Bolivar, Orinoco River, Venezuela; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 544, 1917 — Colombia, western Andes (Caldas, San Antonio, Las Lomitas, Gallera), central Andes (Rio Frio, Miraflores, Salento, El Eden, La Sierra, La Candela), and eastern Andes (Quetame); Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 453, 1922 — La Concepcion, San Miguel, Bonda, Minca, Don Diego, Mamatoco, La Tigrera, Las Vegas, and Cincinnati, Santa Marta region, Colombia (crit.); Hellmayr, Arch. Naturg., 90, A, Heft 2, p. 154, 1924— Loma Redonda and Galipan, Cerro del Avila, Venezuela (crit.) ; Chapman, Auk, 42, p. 201, 1925 — part (excl. Roraima; crit.); idem, Amer. Mus. Nov., 191, p. 10, 1925 — Cocallar, northeastern Venezuela; Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 412, 1931— Rio Frio, Magdalena, Colombia. Compsothlypis brasiliana (not Sylvia brasiliana Lichtenstein) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 143, 1855 — "Bogota," Colombia. Parula pitiayumi (not Sylvia pitiayumi Vieillot) Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 26, 1862— part, spec, c, d, "Bogota"; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., I, p. 170, 1864 — part, "Bogota," and Trinidad; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, pp. 166, 627— CaripS and Tucacas, Venezuela; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 71, 1868 — part, Forte do Rio Branco, Brazil (spec, examined); Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 322 — Cocuta Valley, Colombia; Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1880, p. 117 — Minca, Colombia; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 282, 1884 — Bucaramanga, Colombia; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 259, 643, 1885— part, spec, m, n, w-z, "Bogota," Minca, Carip6, Venezuela; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 10, 1902 — Altagracia, Orinoco River, Venezuela. Compsothlypis pitiayumi Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 6, p. 24, 1894 — Princestown and Monos Island, Trinidad; Phelps, Auk, 14, p. 363, 1897 — San Antonio, Venezuela; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 6, 1906 — Chagua- ramas, Pointe Gourde, and Caparo, Trinidad; Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 250, 1909— Margarita Island. Compsothlypis pitiayumi pitiayumi Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 1, p. 356, 1908 — Pointe Gourde and Carenage, Trinidad; Hellmayr and Seilern, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 46, 1912 — Las Quiguas and Cumbre Chiquita, Venezuela (crit.). deeper ochraceous tone with less yellow on the chin, and the abdomen darker yellow. They are, however, nearly matched by certain Colombian skins, and as two males from Tobago again resemble the Venezuelan birds in coloration, the variation is likely to be individual rather than geographic. Three Tobago birds average slightly larger with stronger bills. Two (male and female) from the Rio Branco are similar to others from Venezuela. Additional material examined. — Tobago: Man o' War Bay, 3. — Trinidad: Caparo, 10. — Venezuela: San Antonio, Sucre1, 2; Loma Redonda, Caracas, 5; Galipan, Cerro del Avila, 2; Las Quiguas, Carabobo, 3; Cumbre Chiquita, 1; San Esteban Valley, Carabobo, 2; El Escorial, Merida, 3; El Valle, Merida, 1; Alta- gracia, Orinoco River, 2. — Brazil: Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco, 2. — Colom- bia: "Bogota," 5; Rio Lima, Cauca, 2. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 355 Compsothlypis pitiayumi pacifica (not Parula pitiayumi pacifica Berlepsch and Taczanowski) Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, pp. 143, 180, 1898 — Santa Marta and Palomina; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 178, 1900 — Onaca and Valparaiso, Colombia. Mniotilta venusta (not Sylvia venusta Temminck) LSotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 181, 1866— Trinidad. Range. — Islands of Tobago and Trinidad; Venezuela from the north coast south to the Orinoco Valley; extreme northern Brazil (Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco); Colombia, excepting the extreme southwestern section (Narino). 10: Venezuela (Margarita Island, 2; Caracas, 2; Rio Aurare, Zulia, 1; Conejos, Merida, 1); Colombia (Tenasuca, above La Mesa, Cundinamarca, 1; "Bogota," 1; Miraflores, east of Palmira, central Andes, 1; Rio Lima, Cauca, 1). Compsothlypis pitiayumi roraimae Chapman.1 RORAIMA OLIVE-BACKED WARBLER. Compsothlypis pitiayumi roraimae Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 341, p. 4, 1929 — Arabupu, Roraima, Venezuela (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 63, p. 114, 1931 — Roraima and Duida, Venezuela. Parula pitiayumi (not Sylvia pitiayumi Vieillot) Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 202 — Mount Roraima; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 259, 643, 1885 — part, spec, a', b', Roraima. Compsothlypis elegans (not of Todd) Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 402, 1921 — Mount Roraima. Compsothlypis pitiayumi elegans Chapman, Auk, 42, p. 201, 1925 — part, Mount Roraima. Range. — Subtropical zone of Mounts Roraima and Duida, in southern Venezuela. *Compsothlypis pitiayumi alarum Chapman.2 PERUVIAN OLIVE- BACKED WARBLER. 1 Compsothlypis pitiayumi roraimae Chapman: Exceedingly similar to C. p. elegans, but olive green interscapular area more restricted; flanks tinged with olivaceous; tarsi and toes blackish rather than brown; lower mandible tipped with blackish. Wing (male), 56; tail, 42; bill, 10. Two specimens of this seemingly recognizable race, both from Roraima, have been examined. It evidently replaces C. p. elegans in the subtropics of Mounts Roraima and Duida. [Two examples from the upper Rio Branco (Forte do Sao Joaquim), in north- ern Brazil, show none of the characters of the upland bird, and appear to be inseparable from C. p. elegans, of Venezuela.] 2 Compsothlypis pitiayumi alarum Chapman: Much like C. p. elegans, but wings slightly longer, and median upper wing coverts wholly without, or with but a trace of white. Wing (adult male), 59-60; tail, 41-42. With the limited material at my command I am hardly in a position to more than outline the range of this form. While a female from Machay (like a topo- 356 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Compsothlypis pitiayumi alarum Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 143, p. 2, Nov., 1924 — Chaupe, east of Huancabamba, Peru (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, Auk, 42, p. 204, 1925 — northern Peru and eastern Ecuador (crit.); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 593, 1926 — Zamora, Sabanilla, lower Mount Sumaco, and below Oyacachi, eastern Ecuador. Parula pitiayumi alarum Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 424, 1930 — Chinchao, Huanuco, Peru (crit.). Parula pitiayumi (not Sylvia pitiayumi Vieillot) Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 223— Tambillo, Peru; idem, Orn. Per., 1, p. 463, 1884 — part, Tambillo; idem and Berlepsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, p. 74 — Mapoto and Machay, Ecuador; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 643, 1885 — part, spec, u, San Jose1, Ecuador; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 314— Baeza, Ecuador. Range. — Subtropical zone of eastern Ecuador and northern Peru east of the Andes, south to Dept. Huanuco (Chinchao). 3: Peru (Chinchao, 3). Compsothlypis pitiayumi melanogenysTodd.1 BOLIVIAN OLIVE- BACKED WARBLER. Compsothlypis pitiayumi melanogenys Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 37, p. 123, July, 1924 — Yungas of Cochabamba, Bolivia (type in Carnegie Museum); Chapman, Auk, 42, p. 204, 1925 — central Peru to Bolivia (crit.). Sylvia venusta (not of Temminck) d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame'r. Merid., Ois., p. 218, 1836 — part, Yungas and Sicasica, Bolivia. Parula pitiayumi (not Sylvia pitiayumi Vieillot) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1876, p. 16— Huiro, Peru; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 593— part, Yungas, Sicasica, and Tilotilo, Bolivia; Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 463, 1884— part, Huiro; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 259, 1885— part, Bolivia. typical male from Chaupe) has no trace of white on the median wing coverts, a male from Mapoto shows a distinct, though narrow, second wing band. I am, therefore, inclined to follow Mr. Zimmer in extending the range of alarum to the Department of Huanuco, though further material from that region is urgently needed to confirm this identification. Additional material examined. — Eastern Ecuador: Mapoto, 1; Machay, 1; Baeza, 1. — Peru: Chaupe, 1. 1 Compsothlypis pitiayumi melanogenys Todd: Similar to C. p. elegans, but upper parts somewhat darker indigo blue, more like C. p. pacifica; lower surface more richly colored; white area on lateral rectrices generally more extensive. Wing, 56-58, (female) 51-53; tail, 40-43. This race sometimes so closely approaches C. p. elegans as to be barely dis- tinguishable. The deeper coloration, especially of the upper parts, holds in most cases, but the white tail markings are subject to much variation. There are two white wing bands, very nearly as well developed as in C. p. elegans, and this feature, in conjunction with its smaller size, serves to separate it from C. p. alarum. Three Peruvian specimens compare well with a series from the Yungas of La Paz. Material examined. — Bolivia: Yungas, 1; Yungas of La Paz (Songo, etc.), 5. — Peru: Santa Ana, 2; Garita del Sol, 1. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 357 Compsothlypis pitiayumi Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 330 — Garita del Sol, Dept. Junln, Peru; idem, Ornis, 13, p. 74, 1906 — Santa Ana, Peru. Compsothlypis pitiayumi pitiayumi Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 243, 1921 — part, spec. No. 1, Yungas, Bolivia. Compsothlypis pitiayumi elegans (not of Todd) Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 105, 1921 — Santa Ana, Idma, Chauillay, and San Miguel Bridge, Peru. Range. — Subtropical zone of southern Peru (nqrth to Dept. Junin) and western Bolivia (depts. of La Paz and Cochabamba). "Compsothlypis pitiayumi pitiayumi (Vieillot). OLIVE-BACKED WARBLER. Sylvia pitiayumi Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., 11, p. 276, 1817 — based on "Pico de Punzon celeste pecho de oro" Azara, No. 109; Paraguay. Sylvia brasiliana Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. Zool. Ber. Mus., p. 35, 1823 — Brazil (type in Berlin Museum). Sylvia plumbea Swainson, Zool. Illust., 3, pi. 139, 1823 — Brazil (type in coll. of J. Leadbeater, probably lost). Sylvia venusta Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PL Col., livr. 49, pi. 293, fig. 1, Aug., 1824 — Brazil (type probably in Leiden Museum); d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Me>id., Ois., p. 218, 1836 — part, Corrientes, Chiquitos and Valle Grande (Bolivia). Sylvicola venusta Hartlaub, Syst. Ind. Azara, p. 8, 1847 — Paraguay; Bur- meister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 116, 1856 — Rio de Janeiro; idem, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 252, 1860 — Parana and Tucuman; idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 473, 1861 — same localities; Doering, Period. Zool. Arg., 1, p. 253, 1874 — Barrancas, Corrientes. Sylvia venustula (lapsu) Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 20, 1837 — Argentina and Bolivia. Sylvicola minuta Swainson, Nat. Hist. Classif. Bds., 2, p. 245, 1837 — based on Sylvia plumbea Swainson, Zool. 111., 3, pi. 139. Compsothlypis pitiayumi Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 21, 1851 — Brazil; idem, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 82, 1874 — Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 3, p. 344, 1891 — Chapada and Abrilongo, Matto Grosso; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 331, 1907— Sao Paulo (Rio Frio, Ypiranga, Rincao, Itarare), Bahia, and Rio de Janeiro (Petropolis) ; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 60, 1914 — Alto Parana, Paraguay; Tremoleras, El Hornero, 2, p. 22, 1920 — Uruguay (San Jos6, Flores, Cerro Largo); Daguerre, I.e., 2, p. 270, 1922 — Rosas, Buenos Aires; Serie and Smyth, I.e., 3, p. 52, 1923— Santa Elena, Entre Rios; Giacomelli, I.e., 3, p. 67, 1923— La Rioja; Pereyra, I.e., 3, p. 170, 1923— Zelaya and San Isidro, Buenos Aires; Wilson, I.e., 3, p. 360, 1926— Santa Fe~; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 2, No. 6, p. 40, 1926— Ceara. Compsothlypis pitiayumi pitiayumi Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25, p. 143, 1902 — Sapucay, Paraguay; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 368, 1910 (range in Argentina); idem, I.e., 23, p. 346, 1912— 358 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Itap6 and Paso Yuvay, Paraguay; Men6gaux, Rev. Frang. d'Orn., 9, p. 85, 1917— Caceres, Matto Grosso; idem, I.e., 10, p. 333, 1918— Villa Lutetia, Misiones; Marelli, El Hornero, 1, p. 79, 1918 — Curuzu Cuatia, Corrientes; Dabbene, I.e., 1, p. 243, 1919 — Isla Martin Garcia, Buenos Aires; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 243, 1921— part, No. 2, Chiquitos, Bolivia; Marelli, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 655, 1924— Prov. Buenos Aires; Chapman, Auk, 42, p. 205, 1925 (crit., range); Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 185, 1926— Rio Claro, Parana; Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 371, 1926— Argentina (Resistencia and Las* Palmas, Chaco; Riacho Pilaga and Formosa, Formosa; Tapia, Tafi Viejo, and Serra San Xavier, Tucuman), Uruguay (San Vicente, Lazcano, Rio Negro), and Paraguay (near Puerto Pinasco); Friedmann, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, p. 217, 1927— Santa Elena, Entre Rios; Holt, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 57, p. 314, 1928— Serra do Itatiaya; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 260, 1929— Maranhao (Tranqueira) and Ceara (Serra BaturitS); Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 309, 1930— Utiarity, near Salto Bello, Rio Papagaio, Matto Grosso; Laubmann, Wissens. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 309, 1930— Bolivia (San Jose" and La Crecencia, Santa Cruz; Villa Montes and Fortin Esteros, Tarija). Parula pitiayumi Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 170, 1862 — part, Parana River and Brazil; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 71, 1868 — part, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo (Ypanema, Cimeterio, ItararS, Rio Parana), and Parana (Curytiba); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 631— Conchitas, Buenos Aires; Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 445 — Minas Geraes (Uberaba); Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 302— Sao Paulo; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 231, 1873 — Blumenau, Santa Catharina; Durnford, Ibis, 1876, p. 158 — near Buenos Aires; idem, Ibis, 1877, p. 168 — same locality; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 593— part, Valle Grande (ex d'Orbigny); Salvin, Ibis, 1880, p. 352— Salta; White, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 594— Sierras de Totoral (Catamarca) and San Javier (Misiones); Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 87, 1883 — Conception, Entre Rios; Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 114, 1885 — Rio Grande do Sul (Taquara, Arroio Grande); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 259, 643, pi. 11, fig. 1, 1885 — part, spec, b-f, o-s, Brazil, Conchitas, Paysandu, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, and Bahia; Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 1, p. 20, 1888 — Argentina south to Buenos Aires; Holland, Ibis, 1890, p. 425 — Estancia Espartillar, Buenos Aires; Kerr, Ibis, 1892, p. 123 — Fortin Page, lower Pilcomayo; Holland, Ibis, 1892, p. 195 — Estancia Espartillar; Aplin, Ibis, 1894, p. 165 — Rio Negro, Uruguay; Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 10, No. 208, p. 3, 1895 — Colonia Risso, Paraguay; idem, I.e., 12, No. 292, p. 4, 1897 — Bolivian Chaco (San Francisco, Caiza) and Jujuy (San Lorenzo); Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 117, 1899 — Rio Grande do Sul (Mundo Novo, Pedras Brancas); idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 133, 1899— Ypiranga, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 152, 1900— Cantagallo; Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 173, 1902— Tucu- man; Baer, Ornis, 12, p. 214, 1904 — Santa Ana, Tucuman; Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, p. 40, 1905 — Tucuman; Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 359 Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 78, 1910— Bahia (Barrocao and Fazenda de S. Antonio, Rio Preto) and Piauhy (Riacho Fresco); Chubb, Ibis, 1910, p. 616 — Sapucay, Paraguay; Grant, Ibis, 1911, p. 87 — Buenos Aires (Los Yngleses, Aj6), Chaco (Riacho Ancho), and Paraguay (Arjerichi, Villa Oliva, Santa Rosa); Gibson, Ibis, 1918, p. 379 — Cape San Antonio, Buenos Aires (winter visitor). Parula pitiayumi pitiayumi Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 166, 1909 — Mocovf, Santa F6 (egg descr.). Sylvicola pitiayumi Stempelmann and Schulz, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, 10, p. 398, 1890— Cordoba. Range. — The tableland of Brazil from the interior of Maranhao, Piauhy, and Ceara south to Matto Grosso and Rio Grande do Sul; eastern Bolivia west to the eastern base of the Andes in depts. of Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, Chuquisaca, and Tarija; Paraguay; Uruguay; northern Argentina south to La Rioja, Cordoba, and Buenos Aires.1 17: Brazil (Tranqueira, Maranhao, 1; Serra de Baturite*, Ceara, 2; Macaco Secco, near Andarahy, Bahia, 2; Rio do Peixe, near Queimadas, Bahia, 1; Sao Marcello, Rio Preto, Bahia, 1; Therezopolis, Rio de Janeiro, 2; Bauru, Sao Paulo, 1; Joinville, Santa Catharina, 2); Uruguay (Rio Cebollati, Dept. Minas, 1); Argentina, Misiones (Rio Paranay, 3; Caraguatay, Rio Parana, 1). Genus PEUCEDRAMUS Henshaw Peucedramus Henshaw, Ann. Rep. Geog. Expl. West of 100th Merid., p. 156, 1875 — type, by orig. desig., Sylvia olivacea Giraud. Peucedromus Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 142, 1881 (emendation). *Peucedramus olivaceus arizonae Miller and Griscom.2 ARIZONA OLIVE WARBLER. Peucedramus olivaceus arizonae Miller and Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 183, p. 10, 1925 — Paradise, Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona (type in coll. of J. Dwight, now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York). 1 Birds from eastern Bolivia (Santa Cruz) and the adjoining section of Argentina (Tucuman) I am unable to separate from a Brazilian series. Additional material examined. — Brazil: Riacho Fresco, Piauhy, 1; Rio Preto, Bahia, 2; Bahia, 3; Rio Doce, Espirito Santo, 1; Rio de Janeiro, 3; Ypanema, Sao Paulo, 7; Rio Grande do Sul, 6. — Paraguay: Sapucay, 2. — Bolivia: Santa Cruz, 5; San Jos6, Santa Cruz, 1; La Crecencia, Santa Cruz, 2; Villa Montes, Tarija, 3; Fortin Esteros, Tarija, 2. — Argentina: Tucuman, 2. 1 Peucedramus olivaceus arizonae Miller and Griscom: Very similar to P. o. olivaceus, but grayer above with very little, if any, olivaceous tinge; yellowish olive-green nuchal collar less pronounced; head and throat in adult males some- what duller ochraceous; under parts paler gray, more white in the middle and less olivaceous on the flanks. 360 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Dendroica olivacea (not Sylvia olivacea Giraud) Henshaw, Amer. Sportsm., 5, p. 328, 1875— Mount Graham, Arizona; Mearns, Auk, 7, p. 261, 1890— Mogollon Mountains, Arizona; Price, Auk, 12, p. 17, 1895 — Huachuca, Chiricahua, Graham, and White Mountains, Arizona (nest and eggs descr.). Peucedramus olivaceus Henshaw, Ann. Rep. Geog. Expl. West of 100th Merid., p. 202, 1875 — Mount Graham, Arizona (habits); Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 7, p. 135, 1882 — Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona; Scott, Auk, 2, p. 352, 1885 — Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 337, 651, 1885 — part, spec. 1-n, Ciudad Durango, and hab., Arizona, "Texas," and New Mexico; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 494, 1902 — part, Arizona and Chihuahua; Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 84, 1911 — Tamaulipas (Montelunga, Galindo, Yerba Buena, Realito). Peucedromus olivaceus Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 142, 1881 — part, Arizona. Range. — Transition (Temperate) zone of southern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and southward to Chihuahua, Durango, and Tamaulipas, Mexico. 18: Arizona (Chiricahua Mountains, 2; Paradise, 1; Huachuca Mountains, 1); Mexico, Chihuahua (Pacheco, 1; Babicora, 13). Peucedramus olivaceus olivaceus (Giraud). OLIVE WARBLER. Sylvia olivacea Giraud, Descr. Sixteen New N. Amer. Bds., [p. 16, pi. 7, fig. 2], 1841 — "Texas," errore; Las Vegas, Vera Cruz, Mexico, has been suggested (by Miller and Griscom) as type locality (type in U. S. National Museum); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 66, 1855 (crit.). Sylvia taeniata Du Bus, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci., Lettr., etc., Belg., 14, (2), p. 104, 1847 — "le Mexique"1 (type in Brussels Museum). Sylvicola olivacea Cassin, Illust. Bds. Calif., Tex., etc., p. 283, pi. 48, 1856 — "Texas" and Mexico. Rhimamphus olivaceus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 24, p. 291, 1856 — near Cordoba, Vera Cruz. Dendroica olivacea Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 26, p. 298, 1858 — La Parada, Oaxaca; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 205, 1865 — part, Mexico (Popo- catepetl, Orizaba); Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, p. 546, 1869— alpine forests of Vera Cruz; Cox, Auk, 12, p. 358, 1895 — Mount Orizaba; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 10, p. 40, 1898— Las Vegas, Vera Cruz (habits). Dendroeca olivacea Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 27, p. 363, 1859 — Jalapa, Vera Cruz; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 31, 1862 — Popocatepetl and Jalapa, Mexico; Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., 26, p. 610, 1869 — Mexico (monog.). Peucedromus olivaceus Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 142, 1881 — part, Mexico (near Mexico City, Popocatepetl, Jalapa, La Parada, etc.). 1 Probably State of Vera Cruz, where some of the other new Mexican birds described by Du Bus came from. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 361 Peucedramus olivaceus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 337, 651, 1885 — part, spec, a-e, h, k, Mexico (Popocatepetl, Jalapa, La Parada, Oaxaca, and near Mexico City); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 494, 1902 — part, southeastern Mexico. Peucedramus olivaceus olivaceus Miller and Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 183, p. 9, 1925 — mountains of Vera Cruz (crit.). Peucedramus olivaceus jaliscensis Miller and Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 183, p. 9, 1925 — Zapotlan, Jalisco (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York). Range. — Temperate zone of southern Mexico from Jalisco to Vera Cruz, Mexico, Puebla, and Oaxaca.1 Peucedramus olivaceus aurantiacus Ridgway.2 GUATEMALAN OLIVE WARBLER. Peucedramus olivaceus aurantiacus Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18, p. 441, 1896— Chilasco, Vera Paz, Guatemala (type in U. S. National Museum); Miller and Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 183, p. 10, 1925 — Guatemala (crit.); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 327, 1932 — Guatemala (Chichicastenango, Momostenango, San Mateo, Tecpam). Dendroica olivacea (not Sylvia olivacea Giraud) Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 205, 1865 — part, "Choctum," Guatemala. Dendroeca olivacea Salvin, Ibis, 1866, p. 191 — Volcan de Fuego and Chilasco, Vera Paz, Guatemala. Peucedromus olivaceus Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 142, 1881 — part, Guatemala (Volcan de Fuego, Volcan de Agua, Chilasco). Peucedramus olivaceus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 337, 651, 1885 — part, spec, f, g, o-s, Guatemala (Volcan de Fuego, Volcan de Agua); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 494, 1902— part, Guate- mala and Chiapas. Range. — Temperate zone (pine forests) of Guatemala and extreme southeastern Mexico (State of Chiapas). 1 Further subdivision of this form appears to me unwarranted. Ten adult males from Cofre de Perote, Vera Cruz, measure on the wing from 74 to 78, against 72 to 76 in four from Jalisco, and as no difference whatever exists in colora- tion I consider the slightly smaller size of the western birds too insignificant to maintain the race jaliscensis. 2 Peucedramus olivaceus aurantiacus Ridgway: According to Miller and Griscom, similar to P. o. olivaceus in rich tawny-ochraceous head and throat, but clearer gray above and below, and slightly smaller. Four Vera Paz skins I am hardly able to separate from typical olivaceus, as represented by twelve specimens from Cofre de Perote, Vera Cruz, by very slightly paler gray coloration of the body plumage. In size they resemble the smaller individuals from Mexico. A single example from Chiapas seems to be similar. I must confess I am a little doubtful about the validity of the race aurantiacus; yet in the absence of recently collected Guatemalan material I prefer to follow Miller and Griscom in admitting it. 362 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Peucedramus olivaceus tnicrus Miller and Griscom.1 NlCARA- GUAN OLIVE WARBLER. Peucedramus olivaceus micrus Miller and Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 183, p. 10, 1925 — San Rafael del Norte, Nicaragua (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York). Peucedramus olivaceus (not Sylvia olivacea Giraud) Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1892, p. 325 — Matagalpa, Nicaragua. Range. — Temperate zone of northern Nicaragua. Genus DENDROICA G. R. Gray2 Dendroica G. R. Gray, Appendix List Gen. Bds., p. 8, 1842 — type, by orig. desig., Motacilla coronata Linnaeus. Dendroeca Agassiz, Nomencl. Zool. Ind. Univ., p. 119, 1846 — emendation. Perissoglossa Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 180, 1865 — type, by orig. desig., Motacilla tigrina Gmelin. Chrysocantor Maynard, Warblers New Eng., Part 3, p. 58, 1901 — type, by orig. desig., Motacilla aestiva Gmelin. Neodendroica Maynard, I.e., Part 4, p. 69, 1901 — type, by orig. desig., Motacilla dominica Linnaeus. Caeruleocantor Maynard, Directory Bds. East. N. A., Part 9, p. 236, 1907 — type, by orig. desig., Motacilla caerulescens Gmelin. Maculocantor Maynard, I.e., Part 9, p. 238, 1907 — type, by orig. desig., Motacilla maculosa Gmelin. Azuria Maynard, I.e., Part 9, p. 238, 1907 — type, by orig. desig., Sylvia rara Wilson = Sylvia cerulea Wilson. Sylviocantor Maynard, I.e., Part 9, p. 239, 1907 — type, by orig. desig., Motacilla pensylvanica Linnaeus. Lineocantor Maynard, I.e., Part 9, p. 240, 1907 — type, by subs, desig. (Rich- mond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 53, p. 599, 1917), Muscicapa striata Forster. Piceacantor Maynard, I.e., Part 9, p. 241, 1907 — type, by orig. desig., Motacilla blackburniae Gmelin = Motacilla fusca Miiller. Vireocantor Maynard, I.e., Part 9, p. 242, 1907 — type, by orig. desig., Motacilla virens Gmelin. Agreocantor Maynard, I.e., Part 9, p. 243, 1907 — type, by orig. desig., Sylvicola kirtlandi Baird. Pinacantor Maynard, I.e., Part 9, p. 244, 1907 — type, by orig. desig., Sylvia vigorsii Audubon. 1 Peucedramus olivaceus micrus Miller and Griscom: Nearest to P. o. auran- tiacus, but even smaller; crown more golden tawny, paler than throat; nuchal collar more yellowish; primaries edged with white instead of with olive green; under parts slightly paler (Miller and Griscom, I.e.). 2 Rimamphus Rafinesque (Amer. Monthly Mag., 4, p. 39, Nov., 1818; Journ. Phys. Chimie Hist. Nat., 88, p. 418, 1819), with R. citrinus Raf. as type, is evidently a fictitious bird, as has been pointed out by Baird (Rep. Expl. Surv. R. R. Pac., 9, p. 264, 1858). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 363 Terracantor Maynard, I.e., Part 9, p. 245, 1907 — type, by orig. desig., Motacilla palmarum Gmelin. Fruticantor Maynard, I.e., Part 9, p. 246, 1907 — type, by orig. desig., Sylvia discolor Vieillot. *Dendroica aestiva aestiva (Gmelin). EASTERN YELLOW WARBLER. Motacilla canadensis (not of Linnaeus, 1766) Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., p. 4, 1783— based on "Figuier de Canada" Daubenton, PL EnL, pi. 58, fig. 2. Motacilla aestiva Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 996, 1789 — based on "Figuier de Canada" of Brisson (Orn., 3, p. 492, pi. 26, fig. 3) and Daubenton (PL EnL, pi. 58, fig. 2), "Figuier tachete" of Buffon, and "Figuier de la Caroline" of Daubenton (PL EnL, pi. 58, fig. 1); Canada accepted as type locality. Sylvia carolinensis Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, p. 551, 1790 — based mainly on "Figuier de la Caroline" Daubenton, PL EnL, pi. 58, fig. 1 (=young). Sylvia flava Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amer. Sept., 2, p. 31, pi. 87, "1807" [=1808?] — on migration in the United States (type in coll. of P. L. Vieillot, doubtless lost). Sylvia citrinella Wilson, Amer. Orn., 2, p. Ill, pi. 15, fig. 6, 1811 — Pennsylvania (type in Peale's Museum, probably lost). Sylvia childrenii Audubon, Orn. Biog., 1, p. 180, 1831 — near Jackson, Louisiana (location of type not stated, doubtless lost). Sylvia rathbonia Audubon, I.e., 1, p. 333, 1831 — no locality stated, probably one of the Gulf states, Mississippi, Louisiana, or Tennessee (location of type unknown). Rhimamphus chryseolus Bonaparte, Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, 2, p. 32, 1857 — based on "Sylvicola aestiva ex Am. m. auct.";1 Cayenne. Dendroica aestiva morcomi Coale, Bull. Ridgway Orn. CL, No. 2, p. 82, April, 1887 — Fort Bridger, Wyoming (type in U. S. National Museum); van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 283, 1931 — Saric, Guirocoba, and San Jose de Guaymas, Sonora (crit.). Dendroica aestiva mercedes Sztolcman and Domaniewski, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 6, p. 163, 1927— La Merced, Chanchamayo, Peru (type in Warsaw Museum).4 Dendroeca aestiva Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 71, 1868 — Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Takutu, Brazil; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 273, 1885 (monog.); Bidwell, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 15, p. 46, 1905— near Axwell Park, Durham, England (May, 1904); Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 481, 1914— Rio Purus and Marajo (Chaves), Brazil; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 404, 1921 — numerous localities. 1 As it stands, Bonaparte's is a nomen nudum, since I have not succeeded in finding an earlier South American record of "Sylvicola aestiva" with a description. 2 We have examined the type, taken by J. Kalinowski on February 26, 1891. It is a brightly colored male of D, a. aestiva, which can be matched by numerous individuals from various parts of the eastern United States, one from Georgia being very similar. The Yellow Warbler is a well-known winter visitor to South America, and the supposition of a resident Peruvian race seems altogether unfounded. 364 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Dendroica aestiva Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 331— La Merced, Peru; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 9, 1902— Venezuela (Altagracia, Orinoco; Suapure, La Pricion; and La Union, Caura River); Hellmayr, I.e., 13, p. 6, 1906 — Laventille and Chaguaramas, Trinidad; Berlepsch, I.e., 15, p. 107, 1908 — Cayenne, Roche-Marie, and Approuague, French Guiana. Dendroica aestiva aestiva Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 508, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 813, 1910 — Costa Rica (visitant); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 545, 1917 — Colombia (Barbacoas, San Jose', Rio Frio, Calamar, Boca de Chimi, Honda, Chicoral, San Agustin, Bogota); Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 453, 1922 — Bonda, Mamatoco, Gaira, Punto Caiman, Rio Hacha, and Dibulla, Colombia; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 593, 1926— Ecuador (Esmeraldas, Chone, Macas region); Griscom, I.e., 64, p. 327, 1932 — Guatemala. Dendroica marcomi Salvador! and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 8, 1899 — La Conception, Chota Valley, Ecuador. Range. — North America east of Alaska and the Pacific slope from tree-limit south to Nevada, northern New Mexico, southern Missouri, and northern Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina;1 winters from Yucatan to Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Guiana, and northern Brazil (Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Takutu; Mara jo Island; Monte Verde, Rio Purus); accidental in England (one record from near Axwell Park, Durham, May, 1904). 2 149: Saskatchewan (Quill Lake, 1); Alberta (Medicine Hat, 1); British Columbia (Victoria, 3; Okanagan, 4) ; Massachusetts (Clifton- dale, 2; Dedham, 1; Longwood, 3); Connecticut (East Hartford, 17); New York (Cayuga Lake, 2; Shelter Island, 5); New Jersey (Engle- wood, 2); North Carolina (Raleigh, 2); Kentucky (Bardstown, 1); Illinois (Chicago, 13; Deerfield, 1; Englewood, 2; Fox Lake, 3; Hegewisch, 1; Joliet, 1; Lake Forest, 6; Ravinia, 2; Willow Springs, 1; unspecified, 1); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 11); Iowa (Cedar Rapids, 2); Colorado (Colorado Springs, 1; Hot Sulphur Springs, 1; Paradox, 1; Chief Mountain, 1; unspecified, 1); Florida (Enterprise, 1; Key 1 Van Rossem considers D. a, morcomi, of the Rocky Mountains, to be distin- guishable by slightly larger size and duller (less yellowish) green coloration from D. a. aestiva, and by larger size and (in the males) heavier breast-streaking from D. a. brewsteri, and would assign to it breeding birds from the Great Basin slope of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade ranges. Extreme western localities for morcomi as represented in his series are Inyo and Mono counties, the Truckee River in Nevada County, California, and Benton County, Washington. Although the latest edition of the A. O. U. Check List does not recognize D. a. morcomi, the matter evidently merits further consideration. 2 No authentic record exists from either the Bahamas or the West Indies. The supposed occurrence in Grenada is clearly due to misidentification. Cf. Clark, Auk, 22, pp. 212-214, 1905. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 365 West, 1); Texas (Fort Worth, 1); Arizona (Apache, 1; Calabasas, 13; Tucson, 2); Yucatan (unspecified, 1); Guatemala (Laguna, 1; Lake Amatitlan, 1; Los Amates, Izabel, 2; Mazatenango, 3; Patulul, Solola, 2; San Jose", Escuintla, 1); Honduras (Ruatan Island, Bay of Honduras, 2); Nicaragua (San Emilio Lake, 1); Costa Rica (Las Canas, 1; Limon, 1); Panama (Colon, 1); Colombia (ten miles north of Cucuta, 1; "Bogota," 2); Venezuela (Caracas, 8; Encontrados, Zulia, 4; Maracay, Aragua, 2); British Guiana, 2; Brazil (B6a Vista, Rio Branco, 1). Dendroica aestiva amnicola Batchelder.1 NEWFOUNDLAND YEL- LOW WARBLER. Dendroica aestiva amnicola Batchelder, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 6, p. 82, 1918— Curslet, Newfoundland (type in coll. of C. F. Batchelder); Noble, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 560, 1919— Deer Lake, Nicholsville, and Lewis Hills, Newfoundland (crit.); Bishop, Auk, 38, p. 588, 1921 — Connecticut (West Haven and Outer Island, Stoney Creek) and Magdalen Islands (breeding); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 328, 1932— Finca Chama, Guatemala (May 4). Dendroica aestiva subsp. Griscom, Ibis, 1926, p. 679 — western coast of Newfoundland. Range. — Newfoundland and Magdalen Islands; winter home un- known, on migration in Connecticut (West Haven and Outer Island, Sept. 10-14) and Guatemala (one record from Finca Chama, May 4). *Dendroica aestiva rubiginosa (Pallas). ALASKA YELLOW WARBLER. Motacilla rubiginosa Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 1, p. 496, "1811" = [1826?] —"in insula Kadiak"=Kodiak Island, Alaska (location of type not stated). Dendroica aestiva rubiginosa Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 514, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 21, p. 367, 1905 — Juan Lisiarraga Mountains and Escuinapa, Sinaloa (crit.); Griscom and Crosby, Auk, 43, p. 29, 1926 — Brownsville, Texas (May 8, Sept. 16, Dec. 14, Jan. 5); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 199, 1928 — Lower California (spring transient); Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. 1 Dendroica aestiva amnicola Batchelder: Similar to D. a. aestiva, but stated to differ in the male sex by darker green, less yellowish — between warbler green and sulphine yellow — back; more restricted and duller yellow of the forehead; narrower as well as duller, citron yellow rather than strontian yellow, edges to the remiges; and on average less richly colored under parts with darker chestnut streaks; female duskier, less yellowish above. (Batchelder, I.e.) This race, which is regarded by Noble as a well-marked one, seems to be not unlike D. a. rubiginosa, but distinguished by the yellow forehead contrasting with the green of the back. Mr. J. L. Peters (in litt.) writes, however, that it is not always readily separable from the latter, though obviously distinct from typical aestiva. While we have no definite information as to its winter home, it should be noted that Griscom refers a transient taken on May 4 at Finca Chama, Guatemala, to D. a. amnicola. 366 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Comp. Zool., 68, p. 400, 1928— Tapanatepec, Oaxaca; Peters, I.e., 71, p. 333, 1931 — Almirante, Panama; van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 282, 1931 — Guaymas and San Jose" de Guaymas, Sonora (spring transient); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 328, 1932 — Guatemala (Sacapulas, Finca Carolina, Finca Cipres, Progreso). Range. — Northwestern North America from Alaska south to Vancouver Island; migrating through California, Utah, New Mexico, Texas, and Lower California, and wintering from Mexico to western Panama (Almirante). 7: Alaska (Circle, 1); British Columbia (Chilliwack, 1; Sumas, 1); Utah (unspecified, 1); California (Dulzura, 1; Santa Isabel, 1); Nicaragua (San Geronimo, 1). *Dendroica aestiva brewsteri Grinnell.1 CALIFORNIA YELLOW WARBLER. Dendroica aestiva brewsteri Grinnell, Condor, 5, p. 72, 1903 — Palo Alto, Cali- fornia (type in coll. of J. Grinnell, now in Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley; cf. Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 300, 1932); Huey, Auk, 43, p. 359, 1926 — northwestern Lower California south to Rosario; Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 199, 1928— Pacific slope of Lower California north of 30° latitude; van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 283, 1931 — Guirocoba, Sonora; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 328, 1932 — Guatemala (Finca Sepacuite, Sacapulas, Finca Carolina). Range. — Breeds on the Pacific coast strip from western Washing- ton south through Oregon and California, west of the Great Basin and southeastern deserts to about latitude 30° in Lower California; migrates through eastern California, Arizona, and Lower California; winters sparsely in the Cape district of Lower California and south to Guatemala and northern Nicaragua. 11: Oregon (near Salem, 1; Tillamook, 1); California (Los Gatos, 2; Miller, Marin County, 1; North Pomona, 1; Palm Springs, 2; Santa Cruz, 3). *Dendroica aestiva sonorana Brewster. SONORA YELLOW WARBLER. Dendroica aestiva sonorana Brewster, Auk, 5, p. 137, 1888 — Oposura, Sonora, Mexico (type in coll. of W. Brewster, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 357, 1930); Jouy, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 777, 1893— Cuernavaca, Morelos; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 40, 1893 — Bisbee, Arizona, and San Diego, Chihuahua; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, 1 Dendroica aestiva brewsteri Grinnell: Resembles D. a. aestiva, but differs in smaller size, duller (less yellowish) coloration, and, in the male sex, narrower chestnut streaking on under parts. From D. a. rubiginosa it may be distinguished by much smaller size and yellower coloration, from D. a. sonorana by smaller size and much darker coloration. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 367 p. 512, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 22, p. 180, 1906— Rio Sestin, Durango; Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 128, 1907— El Rancho and San Jose", Guatemala; Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 12, No. 8, p. 36, 1919 — San Juan del Norte, Nicaragua; Griscom and Crosby, Auk, 43, p. 29, 1926— Brownsville, Texas; McLellan, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 16, p. 42, 1927— Labrados, Sinaloa; Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 199, 1928— Colorado desert region of Lower California; van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 283, 1931 — Saric and T6sia, Sonora; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 328, 1932 — Ocos and San Jose", Guatemala. Range. — Breeds in the Lower Austral zone of southeastern California, northeastern Lower California, Sonora, Chihuahua, southern Arizona, New Mexico, and central-western Texas; winters from Mexico south to western Panama (fide Griscom). 32: Colorado (Denver, 2; Fort Lyon, 6); Arizona (Fort Grant, 5); California (Nicasio, 4); Texas (Boille, 1; Ingram, Kerr County, 1); Mexico (Iguala, Guerrero, 5; Jalisco, 2; Teapa, Tabasco, 2; unspeci- fied, 2); Guatemala (El Rancho, Zacapa, 1; San Jose", Escuintla, 1). Dendroica aestiva inedita Phillips.1 TAMAULIPAS YELLOW WARBLER. Dendroica aestiva inedilus Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 85, 1911 — Matamoros, Tamau- lipas, Mexico (type in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 329, 1932— Ocos, Guate- mala (Oct. 22). Range. — Eastern Mexico, in State of Tamaulipas (Matamoros); on migration in western Guatemala (Ocos, Oct. 22). Dendroica aestiva dugesi Coale. DUGES'S YELLOW WARBLER. Dendroica dugesi Coale, Bull. Ridgway Orn. Cl., No. 2, p. 83, April, 1887 — Moro Le6n, Guanajuato, Mexico (type in U. S. National Museum). Dendroica aestiva dugesi Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 513, 1902 — central Mexico (monog.). Range. — Central Mexico, in states of Guanajuato (Moro Leon), Tlaxcala (Apixaco), Michoacan (Patzcuaro), and Morelos (Cuernavaca). 1 Dendroica aestiva inedita Phillips: "Most nearly like D. a. dugesi, but slightly smaller, and the female very different in color, being bright yellow below, and dull greenish yellow above instead of grayish; also somewhat similar to D. o. sonorana in general coloration of the male, but much larger, and the female more brightly colored (yellower below and more greenish above). Wing, 62-65, (female) 59-61; tail, 43-47, (female) 42-44; bill, 10-11." (Phillips, I.e.). This form, described from migrant individuals, probably breeds in the moun- tains of western Tamaulipas. A single specimen has been recorded by Griscom from western Guatemala (Ocos). 368 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII *Dendroica petechia1 eoa (Gosse). JAMAICAN GOLDEN WARBLER. Sylvicola eoa Gosse, Bds. Jamaica, p. 158, 1847 — Crab Pond, Jamaica (types in British Museum; cf. Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 40, p. 33, 1927).* Dendroica eoa Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 195, 1865 — Jamaica (ex Gosse); Cory, Auk, 3, p. 32, 1886 — Jamaica (ex Gosse); idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 46, 1889— Jamaica; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 531, 1902 — Jamaica (ex Gosse). Dendroeca eoa Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., 26, "1869," p. 609, 1870— Jamaica (ex Gosse); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 266, 1885 — Jamaica (note on types). Dendroica petechia eoa Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 40, p. 32, 1927 — Jamaica and Cayman Islands (monog.) ; Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 82, p. 331, 1930 (range, habitat); Fisher and Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 79, art. 10, p. 20, 1931— Grand Cayman. Dendroeca petechia (not Motacilla petechia Linnaeus) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, p. 71 — Jamaica (crit.); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 32, 1862 — part, spec, b, Jamaica; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 277, 644, 1885— part, Jamaica; Nicoll, Ibis, 1904, p. 577— Kingston, Jamaica. Dendroica petechia March, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, p. 292 — Jamaica (nest, eggs, habits); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 199, 1865 — Jamaica (monog.); Cory, Auk, 3, p. 29, 1886 — part, Jamaica; idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 43, 1889— part, Jamaica; Scott, Auk, 10, p. 340, 1893— Buff Bay, Jamaica; Field, I.e., 11, p. 127, 1894 — Jamaica (habits). Dendroeca petechia e) jamaicensis Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., 26, "1869," p. 608, 1870 — based on D. petechia Baird, ex Jamaica. Dendroica petechia gundlachi (not of Baird) Cory, Auk, 3, p. 501, 1886 — Grand Cayman. Dendroica auricapilla Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 572, 1888 — Grand Cayman (type in U. S. National Museum). Dendroica aurocapilla Cory, Auk, 6, p. 31, 1889 — Little Cayman; idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 287, 1889— Grand Cayman. Dendroeca auricapilla Nicoll, Ibis, 1904, p. 579 — Grand Cayman. Dendroica petechia auricapilla Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 517, 1902 — Grand Cayman (monog.). Dendroeca petechia (auricapilla?) Lowe, Ibis, 1909, p. 344— Grand Cayman. Dendroeca petechia auricapilla Lowe, Ibis, 1911, p. 155 — Grand and Little Cayman; English, Ibis, 1916, p. 29 — Grand Cayman (nest descr.). 1 The Golden Warblers (Dendroica petechia), though closely related to D. aestiva, differ nevertheless by more rounded wing, shorter wing tip, and propor- tionately longer tail, and may conveniently be regarded as constituting a separate specific entity. Yet at some future date it might be found to be more logical to include them in the same "formenkreis," as the derivation of the migratory and sedentary species from a common ancestral stock seems hardly in doubt. 1 Gosse's plate published two years later (Illust. Bds. Jamaica, pi. 34, 1849) is more or less imaginary, and does not agree with either his description or his types (cf. Peters, I.e.). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 369 Dendroica petechia petechia Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 515, 1902 — part, Jamaica (monog.); Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 60, p. 315, 1916 — Grand Cayman, Little Cayman, and Cayman Brae (crit.); Danforth, Auk, 45, p. 489, 1928— Jamaica. Range. — Jamaica and the Cayman Islands (Grand Cayman, Little Cayman, Cayman Brae), Greater Antilles.1 88: Grand Cayman, 83; Little Cayman, 1; Cayman Brae, 4. Dendroica petechia gundlachi Baird.2 CUBAN GOLDEN WARBLER. Dendroica gundlachi Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 197, 1865— Cuba (type in U. S. National Museum); Gundlach, Journ. Orn., 20, p. 414, 1872 — Cuba (nest and eggs; crit.). Sylvia aestiva (not Motacilla aestiva Gmelin) Lembeye, Aves Isl. Cuba, p. 31, 1850 (not pi. 6, fig. 3)— Cuba. Rhimamphus aestivus Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 3, p. 472, 1855 — Cuba; Gundlach, I.e., 9, p. 407, 1861— Cuba. Dendroica albicollis (not Motacilla albicollis Gmelin) Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 192 — part, Cuba; Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 264, 1860— Cuba (crit.); Albrecht, Journ. Orn., 9, p. 205, 1861— Cuba. Dendroica petechia (not Motacilla petechia Linnaeus) Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 4, p. 310, 1892— Casilda, southern Cuba (crit.). Dendroeca gundlachi Gundlach, Rep. Fis. Nat. Cuba, 1, p. 234, 1865 — Cuba; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 278, 1885— part, Cuba. Dendroeca petechia d) cubana Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., 26, "1869," p. 608, 1870 — new name for Dendroica gundlachi Baird. Dendroica petechia £ gundlachi Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, p. 349, 1885— part, Cuba. Dendroica petechia gundlachi Cory, Auk, 3, p. 30, 1886 — part, Cuba; idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 44, 1889— part, Cuba; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 520, 1902— Cuba (monog.); Todd, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 10, p. 269, 1916 — Isle of Pines (Los Indios, Bird Island, Majagua River, Siguanea) (habits); Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. CL, 6, p. 114, 1923 — Cuba and Isle of Pines; Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 40, p. 34, 1927— Cuba and Isle of Pines (crit.); Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 82, p. 331, 1930 — Cuba, Isle of Pines, and outlying cays; Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 81, art. 2, p. 34, 1932— Cayo Grande de Mora, Cuba. Range. — Cuba, Isle of Pines and outlying cays, Greater Antilles. 1 1 fully concur with Bangs and Peters that the Golden Warblers from the Caymans are inseparable from those of Jamaica. 2 Dendroica petechia gundlachi Baird: Very similar to D. p. eoa, but duller and greener above; crown patch less extensive and duller, less orange; under surface slightly paler; female also somewhat duller. Seven specimens from Cuba examined. 370 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Dendroica petechia albicollis (Gmelin).1 HISPANIOLAN GOLDEN WARBLER. Motadlla albicollis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 983, 1789 — based on "Le Figuier de S. Domingue" Brisson, Orn., 3, p. 494, pi. 26, fig. 5; Santo Domingo (descr. young male). Motadlla chlorokuca Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 984, 1789 — based on "Le petit Figuier de S. Domingue" Brisson, Orn., 3, p. 496, pi. 26, fig. 2; Santo Domingo (descr. female). Dendroica albicollis Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 192 — part, Santo Domingo (ex Brisson). Dendroica petechia albicollis Bartsch, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 30, p. 132, 1917 — Port-au-Prince, Haiti (crit.); Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61, p. 421, 1917 — Monte Cristi, Dominican Republic (crit.); idem, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 40, p. 34, 1927— Haiti (monog.); Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 512, 1928 — part, Port-au-Prince, Sulphur Springs, Caracol, Fort Libert^, and Tortuga (Tortue) Island; idem, I.e., 82, p. 331, 1930— Hispaniola and La Tortue (habits); Danforth, Auk, 46, p. 372, 1929 — part, Monte Cristi, Port-au-Prince, and Les Salines, Hispaniola; Wetmore and Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 369, 1931— Hispaniola (monog.); Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 81, art. 2, p. 34, 1932 — Grande Cayemite, Petite Cayemite, and Bug Island. Dendroica petechia petechia (not Motadlla petechia Linnaeus) Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 515, 1902— part, Haiti. Range. — Island of Hispaniola, including La Tortue and other islands off the coast, Greater Antilles. Dendroica petechia Solaris Wetmore.2 GONAVE GOLDEN WARBLER. Dendroica petechia Solaris Wetmore, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 81, No. 13, p. 1, 1929 — Etroites, Gonave Island (type in U. S. National Museum); Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 82, p. 331, 1930— La Gonave; Wetmore and Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 371, 1931— Gonave (monog.); Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 81, art. 2, p. 34, 1932— Petite Gonave Island. Dendroica petechia albicollis (not Motadlla albicollis Gmelin) Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 512, 1928— part, Gonave; Danforth, Auk, 46, p. 372, 1929— part, Gonave. 1 Dendroica petechia albicollis (Gmelin) : Similar to D. p. eoa, but smaller in all proportions, the bill shorter and slenderer than in the other forms from the Greater Antilles and the Bahamas; male with upper parts and sides of head brighter golden yellow; female distinguishable from D. p. eoa by brighter yellow sides of the head and by having traces of ochraceous on the forehead. Five specimens examined. 2 Dendroica petechia Solaris Wetmore: Much like D. p. albicollis, but on average slightly larger; above slightly lighter and under parts a little paler, the color differences being more pronounced in females (Wetmore, I.e.). We have not seen this form. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 371 Range. — Islands of Gonave and Petite Gonave, off Hispaniola, Greater Antilles. *Dendroica petechia flaviceps Chapman.1 BAHAMA GOLDEN WARBLER. Dendroica petechia flaviceps Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 4, p. 310, 1892 — Rum Cay, Bahamas (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 517, 1902— Bahamas (monog.); Allen, Auk, 22, p. 130, 1905— Great Abaco, Moraine Cay, and Great Sale Cay; Riley, Auk, 22, p. 358, 1905 — Rum Cay and Watlings Island; idem, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 365, 1905 — Bahamas; Todd and Worthington, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 7, pp. 432, 460, 1911— Great Inagua, Watlings Island, and Andros (crit.); Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 40, p. 35, 1927— Bahamas (crit.); Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 82, p. 332, 1930— Bahamas (habits). Dendroica petechia flaviverlex (lapsus) Bangs, Auk, 17, p. 292, 1900 — Nassau, New Providence. Sylvicola petechia (not Motacilla petechia Linnaeus) Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 11, p. 67, 1866— Inagua. Dendroeca petechia Cory, Bds. Bahama Is., p. 57, 1890 — Inagua and Long Island. Dendroica petechia Cory, Auk, 3, p. 29, 1886 — part, Bahamas; Northrop, Auk, 8, p. 68, 1891— Mangrove Key. Dendroeca gundlachi (not of Baird) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 278, 1885 — part, Bahamas; Bonhote, Ibis, 1903, p. 278 — Andros (Grassy Creek, Spanish Wells) and Little Abaco. Dendroica petechia /3 gundlachi Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, p. 349, 1885 — part, Bahamas. Dendroica petechia gundlachi Cory, Auk, 3, p. 30, 1886 — part, Bahamas; idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 44, 1889 — part, Bahamas; idem, Auk, 8, pp. 295, 296, 297, 350, 351, 1891 — Bahamas (Caicos Island, Inagua, Abaco, Great Bahama) ; Ridgway, I.e., 8, pp. 335, 336, 338, 339, 1891— New Providence, Eleuthera, Watlings Island, Rum Cay, and Concepcion Island; Cory, I.e., 9, pp. 48, 49, 1892 — Mariguana, Watlings Island, and Inagua. Range. — Bahama Islands. 185: Bahamas (Great Bahama, 2; Abaco, 2; Eleuthera, 2; Watlings, 19; Rum Cay, 1; Acklin Island, Bird Rock, 1; Mariguana, 34; Caicos, 3; Inagua, 121). . *Dendroica petechia cruciana Sundevall.2 PORTO RICAN GOLDEN WARBLER. 1 Dendroica petechia flaviceps Chapman is exceedingly close to D. p. gundlachi, but generally brighter in coloration and has the wing more rounded. Many specimens are, however, practically indistinguishable. 2 Dendroica petechia cruciana Sundevall is very close to D. p. bartholemica, but may generally be separated by slightly brighter, more yellowish upper parts. Birds from Virgin Gorda and Anegada seem to me indistinguishable from others taken in Porto Rico and St. Croix. 372 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Dendroeca petechia b) cruciana Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., 26, "1869," p. 608, 1870— St. Croix (based on Dendroica Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 201, 1865, descr. spec, ex St. Croix in coll. of A. Newton; type now in University Museum, Cambridge, Engl.). Dendroeca aestiva (not Motacilla aestiva Gmelin) Newton, Ibis, 1859, p. 143 — St. Croix. Dendroica petechia (not Motacilla petechia Linnaeus) Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 376 — St. Thomas; Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 7, p. 172, 1884— St. Thomas. Dendroeca petechia Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 32, 1862 — part, spec, d, St. Croix; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 166 — part, Porto Rico; Gundlach, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 311, 1874— Porto Rico; idem, I.e., 26, pp. 159, 167, 1878— Porto Rico (habits); idem, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 7, p. 182, 1878 — Porto Rico. Dendroica petechia y ruficapilla (not Motacilla ruficapilla Gmelin) Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, p. 349, 1885— part, Porto Rico, St. Thomas, and St. Croix. Dendroeca ruficapilla Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 275, 644, 1885 — part, spec, a, b, d, St. Croix, St. Thomas, and Porto Rico. Dendroica petechia ruficapilla Cory, Auk, 3, p. 31, 1886 — part, Porto Rico and St. Thomas; idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 45, 1889 — part, Porto Rico and St. Thomas. Dendroica ruficapilla Cory, Auk, 7, p. 374, 1890 — Anegada; idem, I.e., p. 375, 1890— Virgin Gorda. Dendroica petechia bartholemica (not of Sundevall) Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 518, 1902— part, Porto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas, Virgin Gorda, Anegada, and St. Croix; Bowdish, Auk, 20, p. 18, 1903 — San Juan Bay and near Mayaguez, Porto Rico; Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric., 326, p. 105, 1916— Porto Rico (habits); idem, Auk, 33, p. 418, 1916 — Vieques; idem, I.e., 34, p. 55, 1917 — Louis Pena and Culebrita; idem, I.e., 34, p. 62, 1917— Culebra; Struthers, I.e., 40, p. 477, 1923— Porto Rico; Danforth, Journ. Dept. Agric. Porto Rico, 10, p. 117, 1926 —Porto Rico (habits); Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 40, p. 36, 1927— part, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda, and Anegada. Dendroica petechia cruciana Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 40, p. 35, 1927 — Porto Rico, Vieques, and St. Croix (crit.); Wetmore, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Is., 9, p. 507, 1927 — Porto Rico to Anegada (crit., habits); Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 82, p. 331, 1930— Porto Rico to Anegada and St. Croix (habits). Dendroeca bartholemica Nicoll, Ibis, 1904, pp. 575, 576 — St. Croix and St. Thomas. Range. — Island of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands (Vieques, Culebra, Culebrita, Louis Pena, St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola, St. John, Virgin Gorda, and Anegada). 49: Porto Rico (Mayaguez, 4); Virgin Islands (St. Croix, 12; Virgin Gorda, 19; Anegada, 14). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 373 *Dendroica petechia bartholemica Sundevall. ST. BARTHOLO- MEW GOLDEN WARBLER. Dendroeca petechia a) bartholemica Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., 26, "1869," p. 607, 1870— St. Bartholomew (type in Stockholm Museum; cf. Gyldenstolpe, Ark. Zool., 19, A, No. 1, p. 30, 1926). Dendroeca petechia var. ruficapilla (not Motacilla ruficapilla Gmelin) Lawrence, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1, p. 486, 1878— Barbuda and Antigua. Dendroeca petechia y ruficapilla Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, p. 349, 1885 — part, St. Bartholomew, St. Kitts, St. Eustatius, and Antigua. Dendroeca ruficapilla Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 275, 1885 — part, spec, c, St. Bartholomew, Antigua, and Barbuda; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1892, p. 499— Anguilla; Nicoll, Ibis, 1904, p. 571— Montserrat. Dendroica petechia ruficapilla Cory, Auk, 3, p. 31, 1886 — part, Barbuda and Antigua; idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 45, 1889 — part, Barbuda and Antigua. Dendroica ruficapilla Cory, Auk, 8, p. 47, 1891 — Antigua; idem, I.e., 8, pp. 48, 49, 1891— St. Eustatius and St. Kitts. Dendroeca petechia (not Motacilla petechia Linnaeus) Lawrence, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1, pp. 233, 239, 1878— Antigua and Barbuda. Dendroica petechia bartholemica Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 518, 1902 — part, Anguilla, St. Bartholomew, St. Eustatius, St. Christopher, Barbuda, and Antigua; Riley, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 47, p. 290, 1904 — Barbuda and Antigua (crit.); Peters, Auk, 44, p. 537, 1927 — Anguilla; idem, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 40, p. 36, 1927— part, Anguilla, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, Nevis, and Antigua (crit.); Danforth, Auk, 47, p. 47, 1930 — St. Martin (Simpson's Bay, Great Bay) and St. Eustatius; Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 82, p. 331, 1930— northern Lesser Antilles from Anguilla and St. Martin to Antigua and Montserrat (habits). Dendroeca bartholemica Nicoll, Ibis, 1904, pp. 573, 574 — St. Kitts and Antigua. Range. — Northern Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, St. Martin, St. Bartholomew, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, Nevis, Barbuda, Antigua, and Montserrat).1 35: Lesser Antilles (St. Bartholomew, 2; St. Eustatius, 13; St. Kitts, 14; Antigua, 6). *Dendroica petechia melanoptera Lawrence.2 GUADELOUPE GOLDEN WARBLER. 1 As stated above, I am inclined to agree with Wetmore that, if cruciana and bartholemica be kept distinct, the range of the latter should be restricted to the northern Lesser Antilles east of the Anegada Channel. Montserrat, whence we have no material, is included here on Bond's authority. Nicoll (Ibis, 1904, p. 571) referred three birds from that island to D. "ruficapilla" [=D. p. melanoptera], an allocation which seems to be open to serious doubt. 2 Dendroica petechia melanoptera Lawrence: Similar to D. p. bartholemica, but decidedly smaller; rufous crown patch in adult males much more extensive; female frequently with traces of rufous in the crown. Birds from Marie Galante agree with those from Guadeloupe, while Dominican specimens are slightly larger. 374 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Dendroeca petechia var. melanoptera Lawrence, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1, p. 453, 1879 — Guadeloupe (type in U. S. National Museum). Dendroeca petechia (not Motacilla petechia Linnaeus) Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 166 — part, Dominica; Lawrence, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1, p. 54, 1878 — Dominica (nest and eggs). Dendroica petechia S melanoptera Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, p. 350, 1885 — Guadeloupe and Dominica. Dendroica petechia melanoptera Cory, Auk, 3, p. 31, 1886— Guadeloupe and Dominica; idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 45, 1889 — Guadeloupe and Dominica; idem, Auk, 8, p. 49, 1891 — Guadeloupe; Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., 8, p. 341, 1892 — Dominica (habits, nest, and eggs). Dendroeca melanoptera Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 279, 644, 1885 — Dominica and Guadeloupe; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 326 — Dominica. Dendroeca rufigula (not of Baird) Cory, Ibis, 1886, pp. 473, 474 — Marie Galante and Grande Terre, Guadeloupe. Dendroica ruficapilla ruficapilla (not Motacilla ruficapilla Gmelin) Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 523, 1902— Guadeloupe and Dominica; Noble, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 60, p. 391, 1916— Guadeloupe (Goyave, Sainte Rose, Sainte Claude) (habits). Dendroeca ruficapilla Nicoll, Ibis, 1904, p. 568 — Roseau Harbor, Dominica. Dendroica petechia ruficapilla Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 40, p. 37, 1927 — Guadeloupe and Dominica (crit.); Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 539, 1928— Dominica; idem, I.e., 82, p. 330, 1930— Guadeloupe, Dominica, Desirade, and Marie Galante (crit.). Range. — Islands of Guadeloupe, Dominica, Desirade, and Marie Galante (possibly also He des Saintes), Lesser Antilles. 42: Guadeloupe, 35; Dominica, 3; Marie Galante, 4. *Dendroica petechia ruficapilla (Gmelin).1 MARTINIQUE GOLDEN WARBLER. 1 Dendroica petechia ruficapilla (Gmelin), although easily distinguished from all other Antillean races by the adult male haying the throat and sides of the head rufous, is otherwise so closely connected with them through the coloration of the female and immature plumage that I cannot see any reason for its specific separation. The Martinique bird is merely a small edition of the continental D. p. erithachorides, and the reappearance of this rufous-throated form in the heart of the range of yellow-throated races seems to afford good evidence for considering the Golden Warblers and Mangrove Warblers (D. erithachorides group) as a single taxonomic unit, inasmuch as nowhere two representatives are known to coexist during the breeding season. As to the proper name of the Martinique Golden Warbler, I do not see how we can avoid using Gmelin's term. The description of Motacilla ruficapilla, based upon a specimen from Martinique in the collection of Abb6 Aubry, applies very well to females (cf. "la gorge, la partie infe>ieure du col et la poitrine sont jaunes et vari6es de taches longitudinales rousses"), and there is evidently no valid ground for the assumption that an error had been made with respect to the locality. Another probable synonym is Dendroeca granadensis Sharpe (Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 284, 1885), based on three specimens from "Colombia" in the 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 375 Motacilla ruficapilla Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 971, 1789— based on "Le Figuier de la Martinique" Brisson, Orn., 3, p. 490, pi. 22, fig. 4; Martinique (type in coll. of M. Aubry;= female). Sylvia ruficapilla Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 11, p. 228, 1817 — Martinique (descr. male and female). Dendroica rufigula Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 204, 1865 — Martinique (type in coll. of Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 51, p. 23, 1899); Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, p. 350, 1885— Martinique; Cory, Auk, 3, p. 32, 1886— Martinique (descr.); idem, I.e., 4, p. 95, 1887 — Martinique; idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 46, 1889— Martinique; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 526, 1902 — Martinique (monog.). Dendroeca rufigula Lawrence, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1, p. 353, 1879 — Martin- ique (crit.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 285, 645, 1885— Martinique. Dendroica erithachorides rufigula Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 82, p. 332, 1930— Martinique (crit., habits). Range. — Island of Martinique, Lesser Antilles. 4: Martinique. Dendroica petechia babad Bond.1 SANTA LUCIA GOLDEN WARBLER. British Museum, one of which I have been permitted to examine through the good offices of Mr. N. B. Kinnear. The skin (of a preparation unknown to me) still bears an old label: "E Mus. P. L. Sclater. Dendroeca vieilloti. No. in Cat. 169, c. Mexico? Verreaux," the locality (in Sclater's handwriting) being crossed out and corrected by Chubb to "Colombia." It is much smaller (wing, 56; tail, 46 mm.) than any of the continental races of petechia, but agrees in size with the Martinique form (ruficapilla). Compared with three adult males from Martinique, it differs, however, by the much paler and less extensive rufous color on the head, only the forehead and middle crown being dull ochraceous tawny and passing gradually into the citrine of the back, while the lores, sides of head, and short superciliaries as well as the chin and throat are yellow ocher. There are a number of rufescent (between buckthorn brown and ochraceous tawny) streaks on the foreneck and a few scattered tiny markings on chest and sides of breast, this streaking being much narrower, paler, and more restricted than in the males from Martinique, and the yellow ground-color of the under parts is much less brilliant. Although I have at present only adult males from Martinique for direct comparison, I am inclined to believe that D. granadensis may have been based on females or immature males of D. p. ruficapilla. At all events, it has noth- ing to do with any of the "erithachorides" forms found in Panama and Colombia. Being familiar with Verreauxian labels and their sometimes hardly decipherable or abbreviated localities, I think it quite possible that Sclater might have mistaken "Martinique" for "Mexique." 1 Dendroica petechia babad Bond: "Similar to D. p. melanoptera, but slightly larger; crown patch of male more restricted and darker (a rich chestnut rather than orange rufous) and with every feather strongly tipped with yellow or greenish yellow; female without any trace of rufous on the crown or forehead." Wing, (male) 60, (female) 58; tail, 50-51; bill, 14-15. "This race is very different from D. p. petechia, from Barbados, while the form and coloring of the crown patch at once distinguish it from D. p. alsiosa, from the Grenadines." (Bond, I.e.). 376 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Dendroica petechia babad Bond, Auk, 44, p. 571, Oct., 1927 — Santa Lucia (type in coll. of Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia); idem, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 539, 1928— Santa Lucia; idem, I.e., 82, p. 330, 1932— Santa Lucia. Range. — Island of Santa Lucia, Lesser Antilles. Dendroica petechia alsiosa Peters.1 GRENADINE GOLDEN WARBLER. Dendroica petechia alsiosa Peters, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 9, p. 41, Feb., 1926 — Prune Island (east of Union Island), Grenadines (type in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); idem, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 40, p. 38, 1927— Grenada and the Grenadines (crit.); Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 82, p. 330, 1932— Grenadines and (?) Grenada (habits). Dendroica petechia (not Motacilla petechia Linnaeus) Wells, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, "1886," p. 611, pub. Feb., 1887— Grenada. Dendroica ruficapilla (not Motacilla ruficapilla Gmelin) Clark, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 32, p. 294, 1905— Grenada, Carriacou (Harvey Vale), Prune Island, and Union Island (near Ash ton and Bloody Bay). Range. — Island of Grenada (one record) and the Grenadines (Carriacou, Union, and Prune). *Dendroica petechia petechia (Linnaeus).2 BARBADOS GOLDEN WARBLER. Motacilla petechia Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 334, 1766 — based on "The Yellow Red-pole" Edwards, Glean. Nat. Hist., 1, p. 99, pi. 256; habitat unknown, Barbados suggested as type locality (auct. Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 40, p. 37, 1927).3 Dendroeca capitalis Lawrence, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 20, p. 359, Dec., 1868 — Barbados (type in coll. of Geo. N. Lawrence, now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 306 — 1 Dendroica petechia alsiosa Peters: Similar to D. p. melanoptera, but slightly larger; bill stouter and more decurved; adult male with the forehead golden yellow like the lores (instead of orange rufous like the crown). Wing (male), 61-63; tail, 51-53; bill, 14-15. This form, of which we have seen but two males from Carriacou, seems well characterized. It is said to be common on Prune Island, less so on Carriacou and Union Islands. From Grenada proper there is only one record, an immature male, taken by Grant Wells many years ago, which A. H. Clark refers to the present form. 2 Dendroica petechia petechia (Linnaeus) is a strongly marked race by reason of its dark chestnut forehead and crown, sharply defined from the broad golden yellow loral and superciliary streak. The bill has about the same length as in D. p. alsiosa. 3 As has been clearly set forth by Peters, the specific name petechia, long em- ployed for the Jamaican Golden Warbler, must be transferred to the present race. Edwards's figure of "The Yellow Red-pole," the only basis of Linne's account, is indeed an excellent representation of the Barbados bird. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 377 Barbados (crit.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 280, 645, 1885— Barbados; Cory, Ibis, 1886, p. 472— Barbados; Fielden, I.e., 1889, p. 481 — Barbados (habits, nest); Nicoll, I.e., 1904, p. 556 — Barbados. Dendroeca petechia c) barbadensis Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., 26, "1869," p. 608, 1870— based on "Dendroica " Baird, Rev. Amen Bds., 1, p. 201, spec, ex Barbados (type in U. S. National Museum). Dendroica capitalis Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, p. 350, 1885 — Barbados; Cory, Auk, 3, p. 31, 1886— Barbados (descr.); idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 45, 1889— Barbados; Clark, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 32, p. 294, 1905— Barbados. Dendroica ruficapilla capitalis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 526, 1902— Barbados (monog.). Dendroeca petechia Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 174 — Barbados. Dendroica petechia petechia Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 40, p. 37, 1927 — Barbados (crit.); Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 539, 1928 —Barbados (song); idem, I.e., 82, p. 330, 1930— Barbados. Range. — Island of Barbados, Lesser Antilles. 6: Lesser Antilles (Barbados, 6). *Dendroica petechia rufopileata Ridgway.1 CURACAO GOLDEN WARBLER. Dendroica rufopileata Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 7, p. 173, 1884 — Curacao, Dutch West Indies (type in U. S. National Museum) ; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 40, p. 76, 1892— Curacao (crit.); Peters, I.e., p. 116, 1892— Curacao (habits). Dendroica rufo-pileata Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, p. 350, 1885 — "Old Providence," error for Curacao; Robinson, Flying Trip to Tropics, p. 165, 1895 — Curacao. Dendroeca rufopileata Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 281, 1885 — Curagao; Hartert, Ibis, 1893, pp. 295, 311, 327— Aruba, Curacao, and Bonaire (crit., habits, nest); Lowe, Ibis, 1907, pp. 119, 265 — Blanquilla and Margarita (crit.). 1 Dendroica petechia rufopileala Ridgway is with difficulty distinguishable from D. p. petechia by the lesser extent of the rufous crown patch and on average larger size. All the other alleged characters indicated by various authors fail to hold in the large series of Field Museum. Birds from different islands show certain variations, but even with the present extensive material I cannot bring myself to advocate further subdivision. Speci- mens from Aruba, Curacao, and Bonaire have fairly uniform bright yellowish green upper parts, and vary but slightly in size. Males from Aruba measure on the wing from 57 to 62, those from the two other islands from 59 to 62 mm. Birds from Los Roques and Isla de Aves are darker greenish with the cap inclining to darker chestnut (fully as deep as in typical petechia}, and their wings range from 60 to 63 mm. The Los Roques form has been described by Cory as D. r. obscura. If this race be maintained, the birds from Isla de Aves must undoubtedly go with it, and not with rufopileata as claimed by Cory. The series from Tortuga, Blanquilla, and Testigos are slightly different again, being above even brighter yellowish with wider yellow wing margins than typical rufopileata, though a good many cannot be separated. Instead of recognizing three more or less ill-defined local races, I rather prefer to keep the whole population under one name. 378 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Dendroica petechia rufopileata Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 297, 1902 — Curasao, Bonaire, and Aruba (crit.); Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 40, p. 39, 1927 — islands off north coast of Venezuela (crit.). Dendroica ruficapilla rufopileata Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 525, 1902— Curagao (monog.); Lowe, Ibis, 1909, p. 318— Testigo Grande; Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, pp. 202, 208, 213, 215, 218, 222, 225, 232, 250, 1909— Aruba, Curasao, Bonaire, Las Aves, Orchilla, Tortuga, Blanquilla, Testigos, and Margarita Island (crit.). Dendroica ruficapilla obscura Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 217, Oct., 1909 — Los Roques, off Venezuela (type in Field Museum). Dendroica petechia obscura Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 40, p. 39, 1927 — Los Roques (crit.). Range. — Islands off the north coast of Venezuela: Aruba, Curacao, Bonaire, Las Aves, Los Roques, Orchilla, Tortuga, Blanquilla, and Testigos; accidental on Margarita Island. 94: Aruba, 14; Curacao, 13; Bonaire, 12; Las Aves, 7; Los Roques, 18; Orchilla, 7; Tortuga, 4; Blanquilla, 11; Testigos, 7; Margarita Island, 1. *Dendroica petechia flavida Cory.1 ST. ANDREWS GOLDEN WARBLER. Dendroica flavida Cory, Auk, 4, p. 179, 1887 — St. Andrews Island, Caribbean Sea (type in coll. of C. B. Cory, now in Field Museum). Dendroica ruficapilla flavida Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 524, 1902— St. Andrews (ex Cory). Dendroica petechia flavida Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 40, p. 39, 1927 — St. Andrews (crit.); Fisher and Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 79, art. 10, p. 19, 1931— part, St. Andrews (crit.). Range. — St. Andrews Island, Caribbean Sea. 5: St. Andrews. Dendroica petechia armouri Greenway.2 OLD PROVIDENCE GOLDEN WARBLER. Dendroica petechia armouri Greenway, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 13, p. 63, April, 1933 — Old Providence Island, Caribbean Sea (type in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.). Dendroica petechia flavida (not of Cory) Fisher and Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 79, Part 10, p. 19, 1931— part, Old Providence (crit.). Range. — Old Providence Island, Caribbean Sea. 1 Dendroica petechia flavida Cory: Much like D. p. eoa on the upper parts, but smaller, with shorter, slenderer bill, and breast much more boldly streaked with chestnut. Wing (male), 60-62; tail, 56-58; bill, 12J4-13. 2 Dendroica petechia armouri Greenway: Closely similar to D. p. flavida, but crown yellow instead of orange, and chestnut streaking below still more extensive. Wing (male), 63 H; tail, 54; bill, 13. (Greenway, I.e.) 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 379 *Dendroica petechia rufivertex Ridgway.1 COZUMEL GOLDEN WARBLER. Dendroica petechia rufivertex Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 3, p. 21, 1885 — Cozumel Island (type in U. S. National Museum) ; idem, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, p. 348, 1885— Cozumel (full descr.); idem, I.e., 8, p. 563, 1885— Cozumel; Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 40, p. 40, 1927— Cozumel (crit.). Dendroica ruficapilla rufivertex Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 524, 1902 — Cozumel (monog.); Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 236, p. 12, 1926— Cozumel (habits). Dendroeca petechia (not Motacilla petechia Linnaeus) Salvin, Ibis, 1888, p. 247— Cozumel (crit.). Range. — Cozumel Island, off the coast of Yucatan. 2: Cozumel Island. *Dendroica petechia bryanti Ridgway. BRYANT'S GOLDEN WARBLER. Dendroica vieillottii var. bryanti Ridgway, Amer. Natur., 7, p. 605, 1873 — part, Mexico (Yucatan) and Honduras (type from Belize, British Hon- duras, in U. S. National Museum). Dendroeca vieilloti(i) (not of Cassin) Salvin, Ibis, 1864, p. 380 — Half Moon Cay, British Honduras; idem, I.e., 1866, p. 192 — cays off the Belize coast; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 203, 1865 — part, Caucun, Yucatan; Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 200, 1869— Yucatan (Sisal, Progreso, Celestin); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 125, 1880 — part, Yucatan (Caucun, Sisal, Progreso, Celestin) and British Honduras (Belize, Half-moon Cay); Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 441 — Silam and Rio Lagartos, Yucatan. Dendroeca bryanti Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 284, 645, 1885 — part, spec, b-g, Yucatan (Progreso) and British Honduras (Half-moon Cay, Belize); Salvin, Ibis, 1888, p. 248 — Holbox and Bonacca Islands; Salvin and Godman, I.e., 1889, p. 237 — Tampico, Mexico. Dendroica bryanti Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1890, p. 210 — Progreso, Yucatan. Dendroica vieilloti bryanti Cherrie, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, p. 525, 1891 — Puerto Limon, Costa Rica (crit.). Dendroica bryanti bryanti Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 529, 1902 — Caribbean coast of Central America from Tampico to Puerto Limon, Costa Rica (monog.); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 813, 1910 — Costa Rica (Puerto Limon, Uvita Island); Cole, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 50, p. 139, 1906 — Chichen Itza and Progreso, Yucatan; Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 235, p. 16, 1926 — eastern Quintana Roo; idem, I.e., 236, p. 4, 1926— Chinchorro Bank, Yucatan. 1 Dendroica petechia rufivertex Ridgway is much like D. p. melanoptera in general coloration, but much more heavily as well as more extensively streaked with rufous underneath; it is also slightly larger. From D. p. flavida, of St. Andrews, it may be distinguished by greater dimensions, much larger bill, much more rufous crown, and less boldly streaked under parts. 380 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Dendroica erithachorides bryanti Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 335, 1931 — Tampico to Puerto Limon. Range. — Mangroves and salt-water growths on the Gulf coast of Mexico from Tampico, Tamaulipas, south on the Caribbean coast of Central America to Puerto Limon, Costa Rica. 25: Yucatan ("Cozumel Island,"1 1; Holbox Island, 1; Rio Lagartos, 7; unspecified, 13); British Honduras (Belize, 1); Costa Rica (Isla de Uva, Limon, 2). *Dendroica petechia castaneiceps Ridgway. MANGROVE GOLDEN WARBLER. Dendroica bryanti castaneiceps Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, p. 350, 1885 — La Paz, Lower California (type in U. S. National Museum); Bryant, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (2), 2, p. 309, 1889— Lower California (La Paz, Pichalingue Bay, and Espiritu Santo Island); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 530, 1902 — part, Pacific coast of Mexico (Lower California and Mazatlan, Sinaloa); Brewster, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 41, p. 181, 1902 — La Paz, Lower California (crit., habits); Thayer, Condor, 11, p. 10, 1909 — La Paz (nest and eggs); Townsend, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 48, p. 22, 1923— Santa Maria Bay, La Paz, and "San Jos6 del Cabo" (errore), Lower California; McLellan, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 15, p. 312, 1926— Magdalena Bay, Lower California; Huey, Condor, 29, pp. 241, 243, 1927 — San Ignacio Lagoon and Pond Lagoon, Lower California. Dendroica vieilloti (not of Cassin) Baird, Rev. Amer. Eds., 1, p. 203, 1865 — part, Mazatlan, Sinaloa (crit.). Dendroeca vieilloti Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 2, p. 270, 1874 — Mazatlan and "Guadalajara," Mexico; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 125, 1880 — part, Mazatlan and "Guadalajara." Sylvicola vieilloti Finsch, Abhandl. Naturw. Ver. Bremen, 2, p. 329, 1874 — Mazatlan. Dendroica vieillottii var. bryanti Ridgway, Amer. Natur., 7, p. 605, 1873 — part, Mazatlan, Mexico. Dendroeca vieilloti bryanti Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, p. 414, 1882 — La Paz, Lower California; Belding, I.e., 5, p. 536, 1883— La Paz. Dendroica erithachorides castaneiceps Oberholser, Auk, 16, p. 85, 1919 — Pacific coast of Mexico (crit.); McLellan, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 16, p. 42, 1927 — Labrados, Sinaloa, and San Bias, Nayarit; Grinnell, 1 This locality is clearly erroneous. The specimen has no original label, but merely a printed tag "E Mus. O. S. & F. D. G. Cozumel I., Yucatan, . . . 1885. G. F. Gaumer," the date being left in blank. It formed part of the collection upon which Salvin's account of the "Birds of the Islands of the Coast of Yucatan and of the Bay of Honduras" in the "Ibis" for 1888 et seq. was based. In this paper (p. 248) the author expressly states that "D. petechia [=D. p. rufivertex] is found in Cozumel Island, to the exclusion of D. bryanti and the migratory D. aestiva," while D. bryanti is credited to the islands of Holbox and Bonacca. There seems, therefore, little doubt that the specimen really originated in one of these islands, and that the locality "Cozumel" is due to a confusion of the label. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYB 381 Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 200, 1928— Cape district of Lower California; Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 335, 1931 — Pacific coast of Mexico (Mazatlan) and Lower California "south to Guatemala"; van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 282, 1931— Sonora (Tobari Bay, Guaymas, Kino Bay, Tepopa Bay). Range. — Mangrove swamps on the Pacific coast of Mexico, in states of Sinaloa (Mazatlan, Labrados), Sonora, Nayarit (San Bias), and Lower California. 5: Lower California (La Paz, 5). *Dendroica petechia xanthotera Todd.1 SOUTHERN MANGROVE GOLDEN WARBLER. Dendroica bryanti xanthotera Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 37, p. 123, 1924 — Puntarenas, Costa Rica (type in Carnegie Museum). Dendroeca vieilloti (not of Cassin) Salvin, Ibis, 1869, p. 313 — Tempate, Costa Rica; Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 52 — Puntarenas, Costa Rica; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 125, 1880 — part, Tempate, Costa Rica. Dendroeca bryanti (not of Ridgway) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 284, 645, 1885 — part, spec, a, h, Nicaragua and Tempate, Costa Rica. Dendroica bryanti castaneiceps (not of Ridgway) Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 106, 1887 — Puntarenas, Costa Rica; Lantz, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 16, p. 223, 1899 — San Jose, Guatemala; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 530, 1902— part, Costa Rica (Punt- arenas); Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 128, 1907— San Jose, Guatemala; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 812, 1910 — Pacific coast of Costa Rica (Pigres, Puntarenas). Dendroica vieilloti castaneiceps Cherrie, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, p. 525, 1891 — Puntarenas, Costa Rica (crit.); idem, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. y Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 4, p. 136, 1893— Punta Mala, delta del Diqui Costa Rica. Dendroica erithachorides xanthotera Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 335, 1931 — Pacific coast of Guatemala and Costa Rica; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 329, 1932— Ocos, Guatemala (crit.). Range. — Mangrove swamps and brackish estuaries of the Pacific coast of Central America from Guatemala to Costa Rica (Rio Diquis).2 9: Guatemala (San Jos£, Escuintla, 1); Costa Rica (Punta Mala, 3; Punta Piedra, Guanacaste, 5). 1 Dendroica petechia xanthotera Todd: Similar to D. p. castaneiceps, but adult males with rufous gular area extended onto the foreneck, the rufous pectoral streaks more conspicuous, and the yellow area on the lateral rectrices more sharply defined as well as more extensive, the dusky green color not encroaching on the inner webs except terminally. Additional material examined. — Costa Rica: Golfito, Golfo Dulce, 1. 2 The record from "San JosS, Costa Rica" of Dendroica vieilloti by Frantzius (Journ. Orn., 17, p. 293, 1869) is unquestionably erroneous. 382 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII *Dendroica petechia erithachorides Baird.1 COLOMBIAN GOLDEN WARBLER. Dendroica eriktachorides (typographical error) Baird, Rep. Expl. Surv. Rail- road Mississ. River to Pacif., 9, p. 283 (in text), 1858 — "South America" (types from Cartagena, Colombia, in U. S. National Museum). Dendroica vieilloti Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 192 — Cartagena, Colombia (types in U. S. National Museum); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 203, 1865 — part, Cartagena (crit.); Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, p. 350, 1885— Cartagena. Rhimamphus ruficeps Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 326, 1860 — Cartagena, Colombia (type in Berlin Museum; cf. Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 335 [footnote], 1931). Dendroeca petechia i) panamensis Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., 26, "1869," p. 609, 1870 — new name for Dendroica vieilloti Cassin. Dendroeca vieilloti Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 32, 1862 — part, spec, a, c, "New Granada"; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 125, 1880 — part, northern Colombia. Dendroica erithachorides Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 527, 1902 — part, northern Colombia (Cartagena); Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 274, 1918— Mount Hope and Toro Point, Panama; Hallinan, Auk, 41, p. 324, 1924 — part, spec, e, Gorgona, Panama. Dendroida erithachorides erithachorides Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 452, 1922 — Punto Caiman, Cienaga Grande, Colombia; Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, pp. 333, 335, 1931— Almirante Bay region, Panama (Almirante, Quebrada Nigra, Shepherd Island, Western River, Cricamola) (crit., range). Range. — Mangroves on the Atlantic coast of Panama, west to Almirante Bay, and Caribbean coast of Colombia from Cartagena to the Cienaga Grande, Magdalena. 1: Panama (Colon, 1). *Dendroica petechia aequatorialis Sundevall.2 PANAMA GOLDEN WARBLER. Dendroeca petechia h) aequatorialis Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.-Akad. For- handl., 26, "1869," p. 609, 1870— "Guayaquil," errore= Panama City; cf. Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 334 (in text), 1931 (type in Stockholm Museum; cf. Gyldenstolpe, Ark. Zool., 19, A, No. 1, p. 31, 1926). 1 Dendroica petechia erithachorides Baird, in the male sex, is easily separated from D. p. xanthotera by much lighter, rufous rather than chestnut coloration of the head, lesser extent of the rufous gular area, and much wider rufous pectoral streaks. 1 Dendroica petechia aequatorialis Sundevall: Very similar to D. p. erithachorides, but adult male with rufous pectoral streaks decidedly wider and coalescent with the rufous gular area. As has been pointed out by Peters, this form appears to be entitled to Sundevall 's name aequatorialis, whose type very likely came from the vicinity of Panama City, and not from Guayaquil. Birds from the Pearl Islands are evidently the same as those from the Atlantic coast of Panama. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 383 Dendroeca vieilloti (not of Cassin) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 283, 645, 1885 — "Gorgona Island" and Veragua. Dendroica vieillotii Bangs, Auk, 18, p. 30, 1901 — San Miguel Island, Panama. Dendroica erithachorides (not of Baird) Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 527, 1902 — part, Isthmus of Panama (Buenaventura, Panama City), San Miguel Island, and (?) Veragua; Hallinan, Auk, 41, p. 324, 1924 — part, spec, a-d, f, Corozal, Cruces Trail, and Balboa, Panama. Dendroica erithacorides Rendahl, Ark. ZooL, 13, No. 4, p. 46, 1920 — Saboga Island, Panama Bay. Chrysocantor erithachorides Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. ZooL, 46, p. 155, 1905 — San Miguel and Saboga, Pearl Archipelago (crit.); idem, I.e., p. 220, 1906 — savanna of Panama. Dendroica erithachorides erithachorides Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 336, 1931 — Pearl Islands and adjacent mainland of Panama. Range. — Pearl Islands (San Miguel and Saboga) and adjacent Atlantic mainland of Panama.1 3: Panama (Balboa, 3). Dendroica petechia peruviana Sundevall.2 ECUADORIAN GOLDEN WARBLER. Dendroeca petechia g) peruviana Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.-Akad. ForhandL, 26, "1869," p. 609, 1870 — Callao, Peru, and Puna Island, near Guayaquil, Ecuador (type from "Callao" in Stockholm Museum; cf. Gyldenstolpe, Ark. ZooL, 19, A, No. 1, p. 30, 1926). Dendroeca aureola (?) (not Sylvicola aureola Gould) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 291, 1860— Esmeraldas, Ecuador. Dendroeca aureola Taczanowski, Proc. ZooL Soc. Lond., 1877, p. 744 — Santa Lucia, Dept. Tumbez, Peru; idem, Orn. Per., 1, p. 467, 1884— Santa Lucia and Tumbez, Peru; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 282, 645, 1885 — part, spec, k, 1, y-b', "Gorgona Island" [errore, probably=.Guaya- quil] and Puna Island; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. ZooL Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 8, 1899 — Ecuador (savanna of Guayaquil and Estero Carnero, Puntilla Santa Elena). Dendroica aureola Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 19, p. 493, 1897 — part, "Gorgona Island," western Ecuador, and western Peru. 1 Its range possibly extends west into the Veraguas. No representative of the group having been obtained on Gorgona Island in recent years, this locality (attached to a specimen in the British Museum from Kellett and Wood's collec- tions, whose indications are notoriously unreliable) remains to be corroborated. 2 Dendroica petechia peruviana Sundevall: Very similar to D. p. aureola, but adult males much more broadly streaked with rufous underneath. Certain specimens have the throat clouded with rufous, and this color sometimes extends even onto the cheeks and auriculars. Such individuals closely approach D. p. aequatorialis and thus afford another proof for the conspecific relationship of the erithachorides group with D. petechia. It is perhaps a little doubtful whether this form really ranges as far south as Callao, where it has not been obtained in recent times. Material examined. — Ecuador: Guayaquil, 9; Puntilla Santa Elena, 1. 384 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Dendroica petechia aureola Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mua., 50, Part 2, p. 521, 1902 — part, Ecuador (Guayaquil) and Peru (Santa Lucia, Tumbez); Snodgrass and Heller, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 5, p. 356, 1903— part, coast of Peru and Ecuador. Dendroica petechia aequatorialis (not of Sundevall) Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 545, 1917 — Tumaco, Colombia, and coast of Ecuador (crit.); idem, I.e., 55, p. 594, 1926 — Ecuador (Esmeraldas, Bahia de Caraques, coast of Manavf, Jambeli, Puna Island). Dendroica petechia peruviana Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 40, p. 41, 1927 — from Tumaco, Colombia, to Peru (crit.). Range. — Pacific coast of South America from Tumaco, southern Colombia, to Peru (Santa Lucia and Tumbez, Dept. Tumbez; possibly as far south as Callao). *Dendroica petechia aureola (Gould). GALAPAGOS GOLDEN WARBLER. Sylvicola aureola Gould, in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, Birds, Part 9, pi. 28, July, 1839; Part 11, Nov., 1839 — Galapagos Islands (type now in British Museum). Dendroica aureola Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 192 — Gala- pagos; Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 105, 1889— Indefatigable, Charles, James, and Chatham; idem, I.e., 19, p. 493, 1897 — part, Galapagos (monog.); Townsend, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 27, p. 122, 1895 — Cocos Island; Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 6, p. 147, 1899 — Culpepper, Wenman, Abingdon, Bindloe, Tower, Albemarle, Narborough, James, Jervis, Duncan, Indefatigable, Chatham, Charles, Gardner, and Hood (crit.); Snodgrass and Heller, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 4, p. 520, 1902— Cocos Island (crit.). Dendroeca aureola Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 323 — Indefatigable, Bindloe, and Abingdon; Salvin, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., 9, p. 473, 1876 — Chatham, Charles, James, Indefatigable, Bindloe, and Abingdon; Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, p. 66 — Charles Island; Salvin, I.e., 1883, p. 420— Charles; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 282, 645, 1885 — part, spec, a-i, m-x, Galapagos. Dendroica petechia aureola Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 521, 1902 — part, Cocos Island and Galapagos (monog.); Snodgrass and Heller, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 5, p. 356, 1903 — part, Cocos Island and Galapagos (Albemarle, Narborough, James, Seymour, Charles, Chatham, Bindloe, Wenman) (nest and eggs); Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 40, p. 40, 1927 — Galapagos (crit.); Swarth, Occas. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., 18, p. 132, 1931 — Cocos Island and Galapagos (crit.). Dendroeca petechia f) gallapagensis Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.-Akad. For- handl., 26, "1869," p. 608, 1870— James, Charles, and Chatham (type from Charles Island in Stockholm Museum; cf. Gyldenstolpe, Ark. Zool., 19, A, No. 1, p. 30, 1926). Dendroeca petechia var. Sundevall, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, p. 124 — Chatham, Charles, and James. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 385 Dendroeca petechia (not Motacilla petechia Linnaeus) Gifford, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 2, p. 216, 1919— Galapagos (habits). Range. — Cocos Island and Galapagos Archipelago.1 11: Cocos Island, 6; Galapagos (Albemarle, 2; Charles, 2; Inde- fatigable, 1). *Dendroica magnolia (Wilson). MAGNOLIA WARBLER. Motacilla maculosa (not of Boddaert, 1783) Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 984, 1789 — based on "Figuier tachete1 de Pensilvanie" of Brisson (Orn., 3, p. 502) and "The yellow-rumped Fly-catcher" of Edwards (Glean. Nat. Hist., 1, p. 97, pi. 255); Pennsylvania. Sylvia magnolia Wilson, Amer. Orn., 3, p. 65, pi. 23, fig. 2, 1811 — on the banks of the Little Miami (near its junction with the Ohio), in magnolias near Fort Adams on the Mississippi, and not far from Philadelphia; Fort Adams, Mississippi, accepted as type locality (type in Peale's Museum, doubtless lost). Dendroica maculosa Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 309, 1885 (monog.); Winge, Medd. Gr0nl., 21, p. 280, 1899— near Godthaab, Greenland. Dendroica maculosa Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 532, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 366, 1905 — Eleuthera, New Providence, and Watlings Island. Range. — North America from southwestern Mackenzie (casually Great Bear Lake), central British Columbia, Manitoba, and Quebec, and Newfoundland south to central Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, Minnesota, northern Michigan, and Massachusetts, and in the mountains of New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, and Virginia; winters from southern Mexico (Puebla and Chiapas) to Panama, and also rarely in Haiti and Porto Rico; accidental in Cali- fornia, British Columbia, Greenland (one record from near Godthaab), the Bahamas, and Cuba. 143: Maine (Cape Elizabeth, 1; New Vineyard, 1; Upton, 6); Massachusetts (Lincoln, 1; Wakefield Junction, 1); Connecticut (East Hartford, 18) ; New York (Peterboro, 1) ; New Jersey (Engle- wood, 2); Indiana (Bluffton, 2); Illinois (Addison, 4; Auburn Park, 3; Beach, Lake County, 2; Calumet, 1; Chicago, 9; Deerfield, 7; Fox Lake, 4; Half day, Lake County, 1; Henry, 17; Joliet, 4; Lake Forest, 12; Libertyville, 1; River Forest, 1; Ravinia, 1; unspecified, 1); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 14; Lake Koshkonong, 1; Milton, 1); Colorado (Fort Lyon, 1); Florida (Key West, 1); Mississippi (Holly Springs, 2) ; Texas (Boille, 3) ; Mexico (Teapa, Tabasco, 1 ; Yucatan, 1 Six Cocos Island birds are obviously inseparable from a Galapagos series. In addition to those listed above, twenty-one more specimens, all from the Galapagos, have been examined. 386 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Cozumel Island, 1); British Honduras (Orange Walk, 1; Ruatan Island, 1); Guatemala (Lake Amatitlan, 1; Los Amates, Izabel, 2; Mazatenango, 2; Patulul, Solola, 2); Costa Rica (Guayabo, 1); West Indies (Eleuthera, 1; Watlings, 5; Santo Domingo, 1). *Dendroica tigrina (Gmelin).1 CAPE MAY WARBLER. Motacilla tigrina Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 985, 1789 — based on "Le Figuier brun de Canada" of Brisson (Orn., 3, p. 515, pi. 27, fig. 4) and "The Spotted Yellow Fly-catcher" of Edwards (Glean. Nat. Hist., 1, p. 101, pi. 257, lower fig.); Canada (ex Brisson) accepted as type locality. Sylvia maritima Wilson, Amer. Orn., 6, p. 99, pi. 54, fig. 3, 1812 — Cape May, New Jersey (type doubtless lost). Perissoglossa tigrina Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 335, 651, 1885 (monog.). Dendroica tigrina Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 537, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 365, 1905 — Abaco, Little Abaco, Biminis, Berry Islands, Eleuthera, Current Islands, New Providence, Andros, Green Cay, Cay Lobos, Watlings Island, Rum Cay, Great Inagua; Todd, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 7, p. 431, 1910 — New Providence, Great Inagua, Watlings Island, and Andros, Bahamas; Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 115, 1923— Cuba; Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 539, 1928— Gros Inlet, Santa Lucia; Wetmore, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Is., 9, p. 506, 1927— Porto Rico, Vieques, St. Croix, and St. Thomas; Wetmore and Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 372, 1931— Hispaniola. Range. — Northern North America from southern Mackenzie, northern Ontario, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia south to southern Manitoba, Maine, and New Hampshire, west in migration to Kansas and North Dakota; winters in the Bahamas and Greater Antilles, less frequently in the Lesser Antilles south to Santa Lucia; accidental in Yucatan (one record) and Tobago (one record). 155: Maine (Upton, 4); New York (Auburn, 3); New Jersey (Englewood, 2); Illinois (Beach, Lake County, 2; Chicago, 4; Deer- field, 5; Hegewisch, 1; Joliet, 2; Lake Forest, 6; Lake George, 1); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 17; unspecified, 1); Georgia (Montezuma, 1); Florida (Gainesville, 1; Key West, 7; mouth of Banana River, 2; Nassau County, 6; Puntarasa, 2; West Jupiter, 5); West Indies 1 Dendroica carbonata (Audubon). CARBONATED WARBLER. Sylvia carbonata Audubon, Bds. Amer. (folio), 1, pi. 60, 1829; idem, Orn. Biog., 1, p. 308, 1831 — near Henderson, Kentucky (type not preserved). Dendroica carbonata Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 540, 1902 (ex Audubon). Known only from Audubon 's description and plate of two specimens obtained in May, 1811. No bird corresponding to his account has been found since, and it is probable that the published plate was based to some extent upon memory. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 387 (Great Bahama, 2; Berry, 2; Nassau, New Providence, 1; Eleuthera, 11; Watlings, 4; Caicos, 1; Inagua, 27; Grand Cayman, 8; Jamaica, 4; Haiti, 2; Santo Domingo, 20; St. Croix, 1). *Dendroica caerulescens caerulescens (Gmelin). BLACK- THROATED BLUE WARBLER. Motacilla canadensis (not of Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 334, 1766) Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 336, 1766— based on "Le Petit Figuier cendre de Canada" of Brisson (Orn., 3, p. 527, pi. 27, fig. 6; Canada) and "The Blue Fly-catcher" of Edwards (Glean. Nat. Hist., 1, p. 91, pi. 252, upper fig.; coast of Hispaniola). Motacilla caerulescens Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 960, 1789 — based on "La Fauvette bleuatre de St. Domingue" Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois., 5, p. 164; Santo Domingo. Sylvia pusilla (not of Wilson, Amer. Orn., 4, p. 17, pi. 28, fig. 3, 1811) Wilson, Amer. Orn., 5, p. 100, pi. 43, fig. 4, 1812 — Pennsylvania (location of type not stated). Sylvia leucoptera (not of Vieillot, 1808) Wilson, Amer. Orn., 6, p. XV, 1812 — substitute for Sylvia pusilla Wilson, 1812. Sylvia palustris (not of Bechstein, 1802) Stephens, in Shaw, Gen. Zool., 10, (2), p. 722, 1817— substitute for Sylvia pusilla Wilson, 1812. Sylvia sphagnosa Bonaparte, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., 4, p. 199, 1824 — sub- stitute for Sylvia pusilla Wilson, 1812. Sylvia macropos Vieillot, Tabl. Enc. M6th., Orn., livr. 91, p. 451, 1822— based on Wilson, Amer. Orn., 5, pi. 43, fig. 4. Sylvicola pannosa Gosse, Bds. Jamaica, p. 162, 1847 — Basin Spring, Jamaica (=female; type in British Museum); idem, Illust. Bds. Jam., pi. 37, 1849. Dendroeca caerulescens Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 329, 651, 1885 (monog.). Dendroica caerulescens Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 177, 1900 — Las Nubes, Santa Marta, Colombia (Dec. 16, 1898). Dendroica caerulescens caerulescens Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 541, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 452, 1922 — Las Nubes, Colombia; Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 115, 1923— Cuba; Wetmore, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Is., 9, p. 511, 1927 — Porto Rico and Vieques; Wetmore and Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 378, 1931— Hispaniola. Range. — Northern North America from Minnesota, central Ontario, and southern Quebec south to Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Connecticut; winters from Florida to the Bahamas, Greater Antilles, and Cozumel Island, Mexico, casually to Guatemala (one record from Coban) and Colombia1 (one record from Las Nubes, 1 Ridgway's extension of the winter range to Peru is based on two records of Dendroeca canadensis by Taczanowski (Proc. Zpol. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 508; I.e., 1879, p. 223). These refer, however, to Wilsonia canadensis (Linnaeus); cf. Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 468, 1884. 388 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Santa Marta, Dec. 16, 1898); in migration casually to the base of the Rocky Mountains; accidental on the Farallon Islands, California. 159: Maine (Upton, 1); Massachusetts (Cliftondale, 1; Lincoln, 1); Connecticut (East Hartford, 12); New York (Onasco, 2); New Jersey (Englewood, 2); Indiana (Bluffton, 1); Illinois (Beach, Lake County, 2; Chicago, 3; Deerfield, 4; Glen Ellyn, 1; Hegewisch, 1; Henry, 6; Joliet, 3; Lake Forest, 10; Ravinia, 1; River Forest, 1); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 9; Woodruff, Vilas County, 2; unspecified, 2); North Carolina (Raleigh, 1); South Carolina (Mount Pleasant, 1); Florida (Key West, 7; Lake Worth, 1; Nassau County, 4; New River, 3; West Jupiter, 11); West Indies (Inagua, 6; Cuba, 1; Little Cayman, 1; Jamaica, 1; Haiti, 4; Santo Domingo, 49; Anguilla, 2; at sea between Anguilla and Andros, 2). Dendroica caerulescens cairnsi Coues.1 CAIRNS'S WARBLER. Dendroica caerulescens cairnsi Coues,2 Auk, 14, p. 96, 1897 — "mountains of western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee" (type [from Craggy Mountain, Buncombe County, North Carolina] in coll. of W. Brewster, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 358, 1930); Bangs, Auk, 15, p. 192, 1898— Cumberland Island, Georgia (Apr. 9; crit.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 545, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Oberholser, Auk, 34, p. 325, 1917 (crit.); Wetmore and Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 380, 1931— El Rio, Dominican Republic (Oct. 5, 1916; crit.). Range. — Southeastern United States in the southern Alleghenies from Maryland to Georgia; winter home not definitely known, there being only two records from the West Indies (one from Matanzas, Cuba, Feb. 14, 1900, and another from El Rio, Dominican Republic, Oct. 5, 1916). *Dendroica corona ta corona ta (Linnaeus). MYRTLE WARBLER. Motacilla coronata Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 333, 1766 — based on "The Golden-crowned Fly-catcher" Edwards, Glean. Nat. Hist., 2, p. 187, pi. 298; Pennsylvania. Motacilla canadensis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 334, 1766 — based on "Le Figuier cendre de Canada" Brisson, Orn., 3, p. 524, pi. 27, fig. 1; Canada (type in coll. of M. de Reaumur). Parus virginianus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 342, 1766 — based on "Yellow-rump" Catesby (Nat. Hist. Carolina, 1, p. 58, pi. 58), and "La Melange de Virginie" Brisson (Orn., 3, p. 575); Virginia. 1 A very ill-defined race of questionable value. 2 Dendroeca caerulescens cairnsi Coues (Papers World's Congr. Orn., p. 138, 1896) is a nomen nudum. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 389 Motacilla umbria Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 959, 1789 — based on "Fauvette ombree de la Louisiana" Buffon (Hist. Nat. Ois., 5, p. 162) and "Fauvette tachetee de la Louisiane" Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 709, fig. 1; Louisiana. Motacilla pinguis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 973, 1789 — based on "Figuier Grasset" Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois., 5, p. 319; Louisiana. Motacilla cincta. Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 980, 1789— based on "Le Figuier cendre de Canada" Brisson (Orn., 3, p. 524, pi. 27, fig. 1), "Figuier a ceinture" Buffon, etc.; Canada. Sylvia flavopygia Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amer. Sept., 2, p. 47, "1807" [=71808] — based on Parus virginianus Linnaeus. Sylvia xanthorhoa Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 11, p. 180, 1817 — based on "Yellow-rump" Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, 1, p. 58, pi. 58; Virginia. Dendroeca coronata Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 311, 649, 1885 (monog.); Winge, Medd. Gr0nland, 21, p. 281, 1899— Greenland. Dendroica coronata Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 546, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.). Dendroica coronata coronata Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 412, 1931 — Cienaga, Magdalena, Colombia (March 23). Dendroica coronata hooveri McGregor, Bull. Cooper Orn. Cl., 1, p. 32, 1899 — Palo Alto, California (type in coll. of R. C. McGregor, now in California Academy of Sciences; cf. Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 300, 1932); Bishop, N. Amer. Fauna, 19, p. 90, 1900— Yukon region (crit.); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 5, p. 235, 1909— Windfall, Admiralty Island, Alaska (crit.) ; idem, I.e., 5, p. 410, 1909 — Port Nell Juan, Alaska (crit.); Oberholser, Auk, 35, p. 465, 1918 (crit., range); Swarth, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 24, p. 289, 1922— Stikine region (crit.); idem, I.e., 24, p. 362, 1924 — Skeena River region, British Columbia; idem, I.e., 30, p. 139, 1926 — Atlin region, British Columbia (nest descr.); Grinnell, I.e., 32, p. 200, 1928 — Lower California; van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 283, 1931— Sonora (El Doctor, Tecoripa); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 330, 1932— San Lucas, Guatemala. Range. — North America from the tree limit in northwestern Alaska, northern Mackenzie, and Manitoba, and from central Quebec south to British Columbia, Alberta, northern Minnesota and Michigan, central Ohio, New Hampshire, and Maine, and in the mountains of New York, Vermont, and Massachusetts;1 winters in the southern United States south to the Greater Antilles,2 Mexico, Panama, and Colombia (Cienaga, Magdalena; one record), and on the Pacific coast from Oregon to California and Lower California; accidental in Greenland (various records) and eastern Siberia. 1 The alleged western form, D. c. hooveri, merely differs by average larger size; but the measurements overlap to such an extent that the allocation of many individuals becomes impossible. The race is, we believe with good reasons, dropped in the latest edition of the A. O. U. Check List. JNicoll's assumption (Ibis, 1904, p. 579) that the Myrtle Warbler breeds on Grand Cayman Island is wholly unfounded. 390 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 227: Labrador (Anatalok Bay, 2; Bowdoin Harbor, 2); Maine (Upton, 2) ; Massachusetts (Brookline, 1; Chatham, 2; Great Island, 4; Medford, 2; Natick, 2); Connecticut (East Hartford, 22); New York (Holley, Orleans County, 1; Shelter Island, 1; Yates County, 1); Ohio (Columbus, 1); Indiana (Bluffton, 1); Illinois (Cairo, 1; Chicago, 3; Deerfield, 3; Glen Ellyn, 2; Grand Chain, 3; Highland Park, 2; Lake Forest, 3; Warsaw, 2); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 10; Lac Vieux Desert, 1; Woodruff, Vilas County, 2); Iowa (Cedar Rapids, 1); Colorado (Fort Lyon, 4) ; California (Haywards, 1) ; North Carolina (Raleigh, 3); Florida (Enterprise, 1; Gainesville, 3; Key West, 6; Mary Esther, 2; Nassau County, 4; Palm Beach, 3; Pilot Town, 3; Santa Rosa Island, 13; Town Point, Santa Rosa County, 19; Wilson, 4); Louisiana (Chef Menteur, 3; New Orleans, 5); Texas (Corpus Christi, 1); Mexico (Tampico, Tamaulipas, 2; Teapa, Tabasco, 2); Guatemala (near Tecpam, 1); Honduras (Ruatan Island, Bay of Honduras, 2); Costa Rica (Limon, 3; Guayabo, 3); West Indies (Abaco, 4; Bimini, 1; Berry, 1; Nassau, New Providence, 1; Andros, 1; Eleuthera, 2; Caicos, 17; Inagua, 5; Jamaica, 4; Old Providence, 1; Haiti, 14; Santo Domingo, 9; Bahama, 1; Mona, 1). i *Dendroica auduboni auduboni (Townsend).1 AUDUBON'S WARBLER. Sylvia auduboni Townsend, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, p. 191, 1837 — "forests of the Columbia River" = Fort Vancouver, Washington (type in the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 51, p. 14, 1899). Dendroeca auduboni Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 315, 650, 1885 (part). Dendroica auduboni auduboni Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 551, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Oberholser, Ohio Journ. Sci., 21, p. 240, 1921 (monog.). (?) Dendroica auduboni memorabilis Oberholser, Ohio Journ. Sci., 21, p. 243, 1921 — Ward, Boulder County, Colorado (type in U. S. National Museum); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 201, 1928— Lower California (winter visitant); van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 284, 1931 — San Javier, Sonora; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 330, 1932— Guatemala (crit.). Range. — North America from central British Columbia, central Alberta, and western Saskatchewan south to the mountains of southern California, Arizona, and southeastern New Mexico, and 1 Audubon's Warbler looks so much like D. coronata that one is tempted to assume cons'pecific relationship. Their breeding ranges, however, seem to overlap partly. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 391 east to South Dakota (Black Hills) and western Nebraska;1 winters from northern California and the Rio Grande to Guatemala; acci- dental in Minnesota, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts. 69: British Columbia (Okanagan, 8); Oregon (Mulino, 1); Cali- fornia (Buford, 1; Carmel, Monterey County, 1; Clipper Gap, Placer County, 2; Eagle Lake, 1; Haywards, 4; San Mateo County, 1; Cienega, Los Angeles County, 1; Los Gatos, 1; near Monrovia, 1; Monterey, 5; Oakland, 1; Pasadena, 2; Palo Alto, 3; San Bernardino Mountains, 3; San Bruno, 2; near Sierra, Los Angeles County, 1; Trinity Center, 1); Colorado (Colorado Springs, 1; Fort Lyon, 6; Hot Sulphur Springs, 1; unspecified, 1); New Mexico (Mimbres, 8); Arizona (Calabasas, 1; Fort Huachuca, 1; Fort Verde, 1; Logan, 1; Tucson, 1); Texas (El Paso, 4); Mexico (Lower California, Esca- naba, 1; Iguala, Guerrero, 2). *Dendroica auduboni nigrifrons Brewster. BLACK-FRONTED WARBLER. Dendroica nigrifrons Brewster, Auk, 6, p. 94, 1889 — Pinos Altos, Chihuahua, Mexico (cotypes in coll. of W. Brewster, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 358, 1930); Allen, Auk, 9, p. 207, pi. 1, 1892; Loomis, I.e., 18, p. 109, 1901 — Huachuca and Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona. Dendroica auduboni nigrifrons Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 555, 1902 (monog.); Oberholser, Ohio Journ. Sci., 21, p. 246, 1921— southern Arizona and northwestern Mexico (monog.) ; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 331, 1932 — Momostenango and Chichicastenango, Guatemala (crit.). (?) Dendroica goldmani Nelson, Auk, 14, p. 66, 1897 — Hacienda Charcol, Guatemala (type in U. S. National Museum). (?) Dendroica auduboni goldmani Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 556, 1902 (monog.); Oberholser, Ohio Journ. Sci., 21, p. 247, 1921 (crit.); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 331, 1932 (crit.). Range. — Southeastern Arizona (Huachuca and Chiricahua Moun- tains) south to the mountains of Chihuahua and Durango in north- western Mexico; winters in western Guatemala.2 1 Oberholser separates the Rocky Mountain race as D. a. memorabilis on account of larger size and greater extent of black on under parts and sides of the head. Its breeding range is given as reaching from Saskatchewan and Alberta to Arizona and Texas. While Grinnell and Griscom are inclined to admit its distinctness, the form is not recognized by the latest edition of the A. O. U. Check List, and evidently requires further study. 2 As pointed out by Griscom (I.e.), this race probably requires subdivision. Birds from Arizona are likely to constitute a distinct form, while the unique type of D. goldmani obtained in January in western Guatemala is almost certainly a migrant of typical nigrifrons, from northwestern Mexico. 392 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 19: Arizona (Catalina Mountains, 2; Huachuca Mountains, 1); Mexico (Chihuahua Mountains, 15; Pacheco, 1). *Dendroica nigrescens (Townsend). BLACK-THROATED GRAY WARBLER. Sylvia nigrescens Townsend, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, p. 191, 1837 — no locality stated (type from vicinity of Columbia River [=near Fort William, Oregon] in U. S. National Museum). Sylvia tristis Nuttall, Man. Orn. U. S. and Canada, 2nd ed., 1, p. 472 (in text), 1840 — estuary of the "Wahlamet" [= Willamette River], Oregon (no type extant, described from field observation). Sylvia halseii Giraud, Descr. Sixteen New Spec. N. Amer. Bds., p. [13], pi. [3] — no locality stated (type in U. S. National Museum). Dendroeca nigrescens Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 291, 646, 1885 (monog.). Dendroica nigrescens Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 556, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 210, 1928— Lower California. Range. — North America, from southern British Columbia, Nevada, northern Utah, and northwestern Colorado south to northern Lower California, southern Arizona, and southern New Mexico;1 winters in southern Lower California and in Mexico, from Durango to Michoacan, Vera Cruz, and Oaxaca; accidental in Massachusetts. 33: Oregon (Logan, 2; near Salem, 1); Arizona (Chiricahua Mountains, 1; Santa Rita Mountains, 1; Huachuca Mountains, 10; Whetstone Mountains, 2); California (Alhambra, 1; Calito, 2; Drytown, 1; Fyffe, 1; Piute Mountains, Kern County, 2; Sweet- water, 3; Willow Creek Valley, 1); Mexico (Lower California, El Oreo, 1; El Carmen, 1; Iguala, Guerrero, 1; Sonora, 2). *Dendroica townsendi (Townsend). TOWNSEND'S WARBLER. Sylvia townsendi (Nuttall MS.) Townsend, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, p. 191, 1837 — "forests of the Columbia River" [= Fort Vancouver, Washing- ton] (type in U. S. National Museum). Dendroeca townsendi Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 299, 647, 1885 (monog.); Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1892, p. 325 — Matagalpa, Nicaragua. Dendroica townsendi Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 559, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 202, 1928 —Lower California; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 334, 1932 — Guatemala. 1 Oberholser (Sci. Pub. Cleveland Mus. N. H., 1, p. 101, 1930) lately revived the name D. n. halseii for the breeding form of Arizona, which is stated to be distinguishable by larger size and greater extent of white on the second and third rectrices (from the outside). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 393 Range. — Western North America from Prince William Sound and the upper Yukon, Alaska, south to Washington and east to southwestern Alberta and western Montana; winters from central California to Nicaragua; in migration east to eastern Wyoming, western Nebraska, eastern Colorado, and western Texas; accidental in Pennsylvania. 38: Colorado (Fort Lyon, 1); California (Little Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mountains, 1; Mendocino County, 1; Monterey, 19; Mulberry, 1; Nicasio, 1; Pacific Grove, 1; Palm Springs, 1); Arizona (Calabasas, 1; Huachuca Mountains, 4); New Mexico (Mimbres, 1); Guatemala (Duefias, 1; Tecpam, 4; Volcan de Fuego, 1). *Dendroica virens virens (Gmelin).1 BLACK-THROATED GREEN WARBLER. Motacilla virens Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 985, 1789— based on "The Black-throated Green Fly-catcher" Edwards, Glean. Nat. Hist., 2, p. 190, pi. 300, upper fig.; Pennsylvania. Dendroeca virens Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 297, 647, 1885 (monog.); Winge, Medd. Gr0nland, 21, p. 279, 1899 — Julianehaab, Greenland. Dendroica virens Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 562, 1902— part, excl. Pickens County, South Carolina (monog., full bibliog.); Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 366, 1905— Watlings Island; Todd, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 10, p. 267, 1910 — Isle of Pines. Dendroica virens virens Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 117, 1923 — Isle of Pines and Cuba (Pan de Matanzas and Pinar del Rio); Todd, Auk, 33, p. 282, 1925— Adjuntas, Porto Rico (April 5, 1912); Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 452, 1922 — Cincinnati, Colombia (April 12); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 334, 1932 — Guatemala; Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 81, art. 2, p. 35, 1932— He a Vache, Hispaniola. Range. — Eastern North America from Alberta, southern Mani- toba, central Ontario and Quebec, and Newfoundland south to Minnesota, Wisconsin, Ohio, New Jersey, Connecticut, and New York (Long Island), and in the Alleghenies south to northern South Carolina, northern Georgia, and northern Alabama; winters in Mexico (Nuevo Leon to Chiapas and Yucatan), Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Panama; occasional in the Bahamas (Watlings Island), West Indies (Cuba, Isle of Pines, Jamaica, Porto Rico, Hispaniola, Dominica, Guadeloupe), the Florida keys, and Colombia (Cincinnati, Santa Marta, Apr. 12); accidental in Colorado, Cali- 1 A possible synonym is Sylvia montana Wilson (Amer. Orn., 5, p. 113, pi. 44, fig. 2, 1812), described from a single male obtained near the Blue Mountains, Virginia. The species, of which the type does not seem to have been preserved, has never been satisfactorily identified with any known North American bird. 394 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII fornia (Farallon Islands), Arizona, Greenland (Julianehaab), and Europe (Heligoland). 69: Massachusetts (Cambridge, 1; Cliftondale, 2; Dedham, 1; Dighton, 1; Wakefield, 1; Maiden, 1; unspecified, 1); New York (Batavia, 1); Virginia (Falls Church, 1); Indiana (Bluffton, 2); Illinois (Calumet, 1; Chicago, 3; Deerfield, 3; Fox Lake, 1; Grand Chain, 1; Hegewisch, 1; Henry, 3; Joliet, 4; Lake Forest, 4; Ravinia, 1); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 10; Woodruff, Vilas County, 4); Mississippi (Holly Springs, 2); Texas (Corpus Christi, 1; unspecified, 1); Mexico (Misantla, 1; Vera Cruz, 1; Tampico, Tamaulipas, 5; Yucatan, Me"rida, 1; Yucatan, Cozumel Island, 1); Guatemala (El Rancho, Zacapa, 1; Lake Amatitlan, 1; Lake Atitlan, 2); Costa Rica (Volcan Turrialba, 3); Bahama Islands (Watlings, 1). Dendroica virens waynei Bangs.1 WAYNE'S WARBLER. Dendroica virens waynei Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. CL, 6, p. 94, Oct., 1918 — near Mount Pleasant, South Carolina (type in Museum of Com- parative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); Wayne, Auk, 36, p. 489, 1919 — near Mount Pleasant (descr. nest and eggs); Sprunt, Auk, 49, p. 238, 1932 — South Carolina (summer resident from March to July); idem, I.e., 49, p. 364, 1932— Rhetta Lake, Georgia (Apr. 15); Murray, I.e., 49, p. 487, 1932 — Dismal Swamp, Virginia (breeding). Dendroica virens (not Motacilla virens Gmelin) Loomis, Auk, 7, p. 128, 1890 — Pickens County, South Carolina; idem, Auk, 8, p. 331, 1891— Middle Saluda and Mather's Creek, South Carolina; Wayne, Auk, 35, p. 441, 1918 — coast of South Carolina. Range. — Atlantic coast district of South Carolina, North Carolina, and southeastern Virginia (Dismal Swamp) ; in migration in Georgia (Rhetta Lake; Apr. 15); winter home unknown. *Dendroica chrysoparia Sclater and Salvin. GOLDEN-CHEEKED WARBLER. Dendroeca chrysoparia Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 298, 1860 — Vera Paz, Guatemala (type from Tactic in Salvin-Godman Collec- tion, now in British Museum); idem, Ibis, I860, p. 273 — Tactic, Guate- mala; Salvin, Orn. Misc., 1, p. 181, pi. 23, 1876; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 295, 647, 1885 — Tactic (monog.); Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1892, p. 325 — Matagalpa, Nicaragua. Dendroica chrysoparia Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 565, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 86, 1911— Galindo, 1 Dendroica virens waynei Bangs: "Similar to D. v. virens, but duller in general coloration, the black throat patch rather more restricted, especially on sides of breast and chest; breast and belly whiter, much less suffused with yellowish; upper parts duller, less yellowish olive green; wing bands slightly duller whitish and slightly narrower; sides of head paler yellow; size about the same; bill very small. Wing (males), 61-65; tail, 45-47; bill, 8^-9." (Bangs, I.e.). 1935 BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 395 Tamaulipas (March); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 334, 1932 — Guatemala. Range. — Southwestern United States, in State of Texas (from Tom Green to Bosque and Bexar counties) ; winters in the highlands of southern Mexico, Guatemala, and northern Nicaragua. 7: Texas (Ingram, Kerr County, 6; San Antonio, 1). *Dendroica Occident alls (Townsend). HERMIT WARBLER. Sylvia occidentalis Townsend, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, p. 190, 1837 — "the forests of the Columbia River" = Fort Vancouver, Washington (type in U. S. National Museum). Dendroeca niveiventris Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1863, p. 187, pi. 24, fig. 2 — Volcan de Fuego, near San Ger6nimo, and near Alotepeque, Guate- mala (type, from near San Geronimo, in Salvin-Godman Collection, now in British Museum). Dendroeca occidentalis Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 138, 1881 — North America south to Guatemala; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 293, 647, 1885 (monog.); Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1892, p. 325 — Matagalpa, Nicaragua. Dendroica occidentalis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 567, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 202, 1928— Lower California; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 334, 1932— Guatemala. Range. — Western North America in the Rocky Mountains from Prince William Sound and the upper Yukon, Alaska, south to Washington, and east to southwestern Alberta and western Montana; winters from California to northern Nicaragua; in migration east to eastern Wyoming, western Nebraska, eastern Colorado, and western Texas; accidental in Pennsylvania. 11: Arizona (Huachuca Mountains, 3); California (Alhambra, 2; Blue Canon, 1; Fyffe, 1; Sierra City, 1; Vade, 1); Mexico (Coyotes, Durango, 2). *Dendroica cerulea (Wilson). CERULEAN WARBLER. Sylvia cerulea Wilson, Amer. Orn., 2, p. 141, pi. 17, fig. 5, 1810 — Pennsylvania (type in Peale's Museum, doubtless lost ;= adult male). Sylvia rafa Wilson, Amer. Orn., 3, p. 119, pi. 27, fig. 2, 1811 — banks of the Cumberland River (type in Peale's Museum, doubtless lost ;= female). Sylvia azurea Stephens, in Shaw, Gen. Zool., 10, (2), p. 653, 1817 — substitute for Sylvia cerulea Wilson. Sylvia populorum Vieillot, Tabl. Enc. M6th., Orn., livr. 89, p. 449, 1820— new name for Sylvia cerulea Wilson. Sylvia bifasciata Say, in Long's Exp. Rocky Mts., 1, p. 170, 1823 — Council Bluffs, Iowa (type deposited in Peale's Museum, probably lost). 396 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Dendroeca caerulea Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 594 — Medellin, Colombia; idem, I.e., p. 594 — Nairapi and Tilotilo, Bolivia; Taczanowski, Orn. P6r., 1, p. 465, 1884 — Peru (Monterico, Amable Maria, Ropaybamba, Huambo, Pumamarea); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 327, 651, 1885 (monog.). Dendroica caerulea Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 366, 1905 — Cay Lobos, Bahamas; Hellmayr and Seilern, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 46, 1912 — Las Quiguas, Carabobo, Venezuela (Feb. 22); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 545, 1917 — Buena Vista, Colombia. Dendroica cerulea Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 811, 1910 — Carrillo, Costa Rica; Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. CL, 6, p. 117, 1923— Cuba (Cama- rioca); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 594, 1926 — Ecuador (Rio Suno, below San Jose1, lower Sumaco, and below Oyacachi) ; Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 28, p. 201, 1928— Lower California (La Grulla, Sierra San Pedro Martir); Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 425, 1930 — Peru (Huachipa and Rio Colorado, Chanchamayo) ; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N.H., 64, p. 332, 1932— Guatemala; Bangs and Griscom, Proc. New Engl. Zool. CL, 13, p. 51, 1932— San Jos6, Costa Rica. Dendroica rara Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 570, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, pp. 74, 106, 1906 — Idma and Huaynapata, Peru. Range. — Eastern North America from southeastern Nebraska and Minnesota, southern Michigan, Wisconsin, and Ontario, western New York and Pennsylvania, and West Virginia south to north- eastern Texas, Louisiana, Alabama, and northern Georgia, and locally in the Hudson Valley, western North Carolina and Virginia, eastern Maryland, and Delaware; winters in western Venezuela (in states of Carabobo, M£rida, etc.), eastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and northeastern Bolivia (Nairapi, Tilotilo), and sparingly in Central America; casual in Lower California, New Mexico, Colorado, New England, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Mani- toba, Cuba, and the Bahamas (Cay Lobos). 46: New York (Junius, Seneca County, 2; Moravia, 1; Rochester, 1; Sennett, 3); Indiana (Knox County, 1); Illinois (Grand Chain, 9; Mound City, 13; Mount Carmel, 1; Olive Branch, 1); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 1); Missouri (Cliff Cave, 1; Dunklin County, 1); Virginia (Charleston, 1); Florida (Key West, 2); Texas (Corpus Christi, 1); West Indies (Grand Cayman, 1); Colombia ("Bogota," 1); Peru (Chanchamayo, Rio Colorado, 2; Huachipa, 3). *Dendroica fusca (P. L. S. Miiller). BLACKBURNIAN WARBLER. Motacilla fusca P. L. S. Miiller, Natursyst., Suppl., p. 175, 1776 — based on "Figuier Stranger" Daubenton, PL Enl., pi. 58, fig. 3; "Guyane"= French Guiana. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 397 Motadlla aurantia Boddaert, Tabl. PL Enl., p. 4, 1783 — based on "Figuier etranger" Daubenton, PL EnL, pi. 58, fig. 3, and "Figuier orange" Buffon, Hist. Nat., 9, p. 461; " Guy ane"= French Guiana. Motadlla chrysocephala Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 971, 1789 — same basis. (?) Motacilla incana Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 976, 1789— based on "Grey- poll Warbler" Pennant, Arct. ZooL, 2, p. 402; New York. Motacilla blackburniae Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 977, 1789 — based on "Blackburnian Warbler" Pennant, Arct. ZooL, 2, p. 412; New York. Sylvia parus Wilson, Amer. Orn., 5, p. 114, pi. 44, fig. 2, 1812 — Great Pine swamp, Pennsylvania (location of type not stated, doubtless lost). Sylvia melanorhoa Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. &L, 11, p. 180, 1817 — "Martinique" (location of type not stated). Sylvicola parus Jardine, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 19, p. 83, 1847 — Tobago (one specimen). Dendroeca blackburniae Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 464, 1884 — Peru (Auqui- marca, Tambillo, Huambo); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 288, 646, 1885 (monog.). Dendroica blackburniae Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 574, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 366, 1905 — New Providence and Watlings Island. Dendroica fusca Berlepsch, Nov. ZooL, 15, p. 315, 1908 (nomencl.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 545, 1917 — Colombia (many localities); Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 451, 1922 — Las Nubes, Las Taguas, Cincinnati, Pueblo Viejo, and Chirua, Colombia; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 594, 1926— Ecuador (Punta Santa Ana, Guayaba, Sabanilla, Tambillo, Zuna, Sumaco, Baeza, below Oyacachi, Tumbaco); Griscom, I.e., 64, p. 333, 1932 — Guatemala (Chimoxan, Panajachel, Finca Sepacuite); Berlioz, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 34, p. 73, 1928 — Pilon and Aluguincho, Ecuador. Range. — North America from Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and Cape Breton Island to Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Massa- chusetts, and Connecticut, and in the Alleghenies from Pennsylvania to Georgia and South Carolina; winters from western Venezuela (Me>ida) and Colombia to eastern Peru; occasional in the Bahamas (New Providence, Watlings Island), Tobago (one record), Martin- ique (?), and French Guiana (7).1 88: Maine (Brewer, 1; Upton, 7); Massachusetts (Grantville, 1); Connecticut (East Hartford, 3; Sumeld, 1); New York (Hastings, 1; Meridian, 1; Peterboro, 1; Sennett, 2; Shelter Island, 1); New Jersey (Englewood, 4; Fort Lee, 1) ; Michigan (Franklin County, 1) ; Indiana (Bluffton, 1); Illinois (Chicago, 4; Deerfield, 2; Fox Lake, 1; Hege- wisch, 1; Henry, 5; Joliet, 3; Lake Forest, 1; Lake George, 1; Palos, 1 The reported occurrence in Greenland (Frederikshaab, Oct. 16, 1845) is open to doubt. Cf. Winge, Medd. Gr0nland, 21, p. 316, 1899. 398 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 1; River Forest, 2); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 10; Woodruff, Vilas County, 4); North Carolina (Buncombe County, 1; Raleigh, 1); Florida (Key West, 3); Texas (Brownsville, 1; Corpus Christi, 1); West Indies (Grand Cayman, 1; Watlings, 2) ; Costa Rica (Coliblanco, 1; Guayabo, 5); Colombia ("Bogota," 4); Venezuela (Paramo de Tama, 2); Peru (Chinchao, 4; Huachipa, 1). *Dendroica dominica dominica (Linnaeus). YELLOW-THROATED WARBLER. Motacilla dominica Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 334, 1766 — based chiefly on "Figuier cendr6 de Saint-Domingue" Brisson, Orn., 3, p. 520, pi. 27, fig. 3; "Jamaica, Dominica" = Santo Domingo (ex Brisson). Motacilla superciliosa Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., p. 43, 1783 — based on "La Gorge-jaune de St. Domingue" Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 686, fig. 1; Santo Domingo. Motacilla flavicollis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 959, 1789 — based on "Yellow- throated Creeper" Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, 1, p. 62, pi. 62; Carolina. Motacilla pensilis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 960, 1789 — based on Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 686, fig. 1; Santo Domingo. Dendroeca dominica Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 301, 648, 1885 (part); Nicoll, Ibis, 1904, p. 571— Montserrat. Dendroica dominica dominica Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 578, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 366, 1905 — Great Bahama, Abaco, Biminis, Berry Islands, New Providence, Andros, Cay Lobos, Watlings Island, Mariguana, and Great Inagua ("resident" and migratory) ; Todd, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 10, p. 266, 1916— Los Indios, Isle of Pines; idem, I.e., 7, p. 433, 1911— New Providence (Blue Hills) (crit.); Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 116, 1923— Cuba; Wetmore, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Is., 9, p. 514, 1927— Porto Rico (winter); Wetmore and Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 381, 1931— Hispaniola. Range. — Southeastern United States from southern Maryland, Delaware, and southern New Jersey to middle Florida; winters in southern Florida, the Bahamas, and the Greater Antilles, casually north to Georgia, South Carolina, and in the Lesser Antilles (Mont- serrat); casual in New York, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. 96: Massachusetts (unspecified, 1); Indiana (Brookville, 1); North Carolina (Raleigh, 5) ; South Carolina (Charleston, 3) ; Florida (East Pass, 3; Gainesville, 5; Key West, 2; Mary Esther, 6; mouth of Banana River, 1; Nassau County, 3; Town Point, Santa Rosa County, 7; West County, 2); Texas (Giddings, 1; unspecified, 1); Yucatan (Holbox Island, 1); West Indies (Great Bahama, 4; Bimini, 4; Andros, 2; Nassau, New Providence, 4; Eleuthera, 4; Watlings, 7; 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 399 Mariguana, 1; Inagua, 3; Cuba, 1; Grand Cayman, 6; Little Cayman, 2; Jamaica, 13; Santo Domingo, 3). *Dendroica dominica albilora Ridgway. SYCAMORE WARBLER. Dendroica dominica var. albilora (Baird MS.) Ridgway, Amer. Natur., 7, p. 606, Oct., 1873— Belize, British Honduras (type in U. S. National Museum). Dendroeca dominica (not Motacilla dominica Linnaeus) Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 134, 1881 — part, Mexico, Guatemala, and British Honduras; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 301, 648, 1886 (part); Salvin, Ibis, 1888, p. 250 — Holbox, Mugeres, Cozumel, Ruatan, and Bonacca Islands. Dendroica dominica albilora Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 582, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Cole, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 50, p. 139, 1906 — Chichen Itza, Yucatan; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 810, 1910— San Jos6, Costa Rica (Sept. 17); Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 86, 1911— Guiaves, Tamaulipas (crit.); Peters, Auk, 30, p. 378, 1913— Xcopen, Quintana Roo; Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 235, p. 16, 1926 — Xcaret, Yucatan; Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, p. 463, 1929— Lancetilla, Honduras; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 333, 1932— La Mon- tanita, Guatemala; Bangs and Griscom, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 13, p. 51, 1932— Cartago, Costa Rica. Range. — Middle United States in the Mississippi Valley from southeastern Nebraska, southern Wisconsin and Michigan, Ohio, West Virginia, and western North Carolina south to Texas and Louisiana; winters in southern Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and sparingly in the lower Rio Grande Valley; accidental in Connecticut and South Carolina. 3: Texas (Corpus Christi, 1); Mexico (Tampico, 2). *Dendroica dominica flavescens Todd.1 ABACO WARBLER. Dendroica flavescens Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 171, 1909 — Spencer's Point, Abaco, Bahama Islands (type in coll. of W. W. Worthington, now in Carnegie Museum; cf. Todd, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 18, p. 359, 1928); Todd and Worthington, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 7, pp. 434, 461, 1911 — Abaco (Spencer's Point and Sand Bank). Dendroica dominica flavescens Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 82, p. 333, 1930— Abaco (habits). Range. — Island of Abaco, Bahama Islands. 1: Bahamas (Abaco, 1). 1 Dendroica dominica flavescens Todd: Nearest to D. d. dominica, but with decidedly longer, slightly decurved bill; breast and abdomen pale yellow instead of white; the yellow color of the throat paler and less orange. Wing, 63-66, (female) 63; tail, 52-54; bill, 16-17. 400 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII *Dendroica graciae graciae Baird.1 GRACE'S WARBLER. Dendroica graciae Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 210, 1865 — Fort Whipple, near Prescott, Arizona (type in U. S. National Museum). Dendroica graciae graciae Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 584, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.). Dendroeca graciae Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 304, 648, 1885 — Arizona, New Mexico, and Mexico (monog.). Range. — Rocky Mountains of southwestern United States in states of Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico, and the adjoining parts of Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua); winters in Mexico south to Nayarit, Jalisco, and Michoacan; casual in northern Colorado and western Texas. 16: Arizona (Camp Apache, 1; Huachuca Mountains, 1); Mexico (Chihuahua, 14). Dendroica graciae decora Ridgway. DECORATED WARBLER. Dendroica graciae var. decora Ridgway, Amer. Natur., 7, p. 608, Oct., 1873 — Belize, British Honduras (type in U. S. National Museum). Dendroeca graciae (not of Baird) Salvin, Ibis, 1873, p. 428 — Guatemala; Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, p. 16, 1876 — Zapotitlan, Oaxaca. Dendroeca decora Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 136, pi. 10, fig. 1, 1881— Mexico (Zapotitlan), British Honduras (Belize), and Guatemala; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 305, 1885— Guatemala. Dendroica decora Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 585, 1888 — Segovia River, Honduras; Nelson, Auk, 15, p. 159, 1898 — Tonala, Chiapas, and Santo Domingo, Oaxaca. Dendroica graciae decora Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 586, 1902 — southern Mexico to Honduras (monog.); Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, p. 400, 1928— Chivela, Oaxaca (crit.); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 333, 1932— La Montanita, Guatemala (crit.); Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 84, p. 333, 1932— San Juancito, Honduras. Range. — Extreme southern Mexico in states of Oaxaca (Zapoti- tlan, Santo Domingo, Chivela) and Chiapas (near Tonala), Guate- mala (Joyabaj, La Montanita), British Honduras (Belize), Honduras (Segovia River, San Juancito), and northern Nicaragua.2 *Dendroica adelaidae adelaidae Baird.3 ADELAIDE'S WARBLER. 1 Probably conspecific with D. dominica. 1 Series of breeding birds from different parts of the range should be carefully examined. 3 Probably conspecific with D. graciae. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 401 Dendroica adelaidae Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 212, 1865 — Porto Rico (type in U. S. National Museum); Cory, Auk, 3, p. 37, 1886— Porto Rico (descr.); idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 51, 1889— Porto Rico; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 587, 1902— Porto Rico (monog., full bibliog.); Bowdish, Auk, 20, p. 18, 1903— Porto Rico; Wetmore, Auk, 33, p. 417, 1916— Vieques; idem, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric., 326, p. 102, 1916 — Porto Rico and Vieques (habits, food); Struthers, Auk, 40, p. 476, 1923 — Porto Rico; Danforth, Journ. Dept. Agric. Porto Rico, 10, p. 119, 1926 — Porto Rico (habits); Wetmore, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Is., 9, p. 515, 1927 — Porto Rico and Vieques (habits, nest and food). Dendroica adelaidae adelaidae Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 82, p. 334, 1930 (habits). Sylvicola adelaidae Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 10, p. 251, 1866— Porto Rico. Dendroeca adelaidae Sundevall, Ofvers. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., 26, pp. 596, 615, 1869— Porto Rico (monog.); Gundlach, Journ. Orn., 26, p. 167, 1878— Porto Rico (habits) ; idem, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 7, p. 185, 1878 —Porto Rico; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 306, 1885— Porto Rico. Range. — Islands of Porto Rico and Vieques, Greater Antilles. 1: Porto Rico (unspecified, 1). *Dendroica adelaidae delicata Ridgway. SANTA LUCIA WARBLER. Dendroica adelaidae delicata Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5, p. 525, 1883 — Santa Lucia, Lesser Antilles (type in U. S. National Museum); Cory, Auk, 3, p. 37, 1886— Santa Lucia (crit.); idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 51, 1889 (descr.); Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 540, 1928— Santa Luoia (habits, nest, and eggs); idem, I.e., 82, p. 334, 1930 — Santa Lucia. Dendroeca delicata Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 129, 1889 — Santa Lucia; idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 588, 1902— Santa Lucia (monog., full bibliog.). Dendroeca delicata Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 307, 1885 — Santa Lucia (monog.); Cory, Ibis, 1886, p. 475 — Santa Lucia; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 395— Santa Lucia; Nicoll, Ibis, 1904, p. 559— Santa Lucia. Dendroeca adelaidae (not of Baird) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, p. 269 — Santa Lucia (crit.); Semper, I.e., 1872, p. 649 — Santa Lucia (habits); Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 5, p. 166, 1880— Santa Lucia. Range. — Island of Santa Lucia, Lesser Antilles. 16: Santa Lucia. Dendroica adelaidae subita Riley.1 BARBUDA WARBLER. 1 Dendroica adelaidae subita Riley: Nearest to D. a. adelaidae, but upper parts duller, mouse gray with the interscapulum hair brown; white wing bars absent or merely suggested by dusky grayish tips; no black edging to the yellow superciliary streak; white markings on lateral rectrices less extensive and not reaching the tip. Wing (male), 51; tail, 46; bill, 11. Four specimens examined. 402 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Dendroica subita Riley, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 47, p. 289, 1904 — Barbuda (type in U. S. National Museum). Dendroica adelaidae subita Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 82, p. 334, 1930— Barbuda (crit.). Range. — Island of Barbuda, Lesser Antilles. *Dendroica pensylvanica (Linnaeus). CHESTNUT-SIDED WARBLER. Motacilla pensylvanica Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 333, 1766 — based on "The Red-throated Flycatcher" Edwards, Glean. Nat. Hist., 2, p. 193, pi. 301; Pennsylvania. Motacilla icterocephala Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 334, 1766 — based on "Le Figuier a teste jaune de Canada" Brisson, Orn., 3, p. 517, pi. 27, fig. 2; Canada (type in coll. of M. de Reaumur). Dendroeca pennsylvanica Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 285, 645, 1885 (monog.); Winge, Medd. Gr0nland, 21, p. 280, 1899— Nanortalik, southern Greenland. Dendroica pensylvanica Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 589, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 366, 1905 — New Providence; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 809, 1910 — Costa Rica (common winter visitor); Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 273, 1918— Gatun, Panama; Hallinan, Auk, 41, p. 324, 1924 — New Culebra, Panama; Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 336, 1931 — Panama (Almirante, Boquete trail, Cricamola); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 332, 1932 — Chimoxan, Guatemala (transient). Range. — North America from Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Quebec, Ontario, and Newfoundland south to eastern Nebraska, Illinois, Indiana, northern Ohio and New Jersey, and Rhode Island, and in the Alleghenies to Tennessee and South Carolina, casually in southern Missouri and the Wabash Valley; winters from Nicaragua to Panama; casual in Florida; accidental in California (Mendocino County), Greenland, the Bahamas, and southern Mexico. 102: Maine (New Vineyard, 1); Massachusetts (Cambridge, 1; Cliftondale, 1; Dedham, 1; Natick, 3; unspecified, 1); Rhode Island (Fruit Hill, 2) ; Connecticut (East Hartford, 21) ; New York (Auburn, 1; Shelter Island, 1) ; New Jersey (Englewood, 2) ; Illinois (Addison, 1; Calumet, 1; Chicago, 7; Deerfield, 8; Fox Lake, 1; Henry, 4; Joliet, 1; Lake Forest, 8; Warsaw, 3); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 8; Wood- ruff, Vilas County, 1); Iowa (Cedar Rapids, 2); North Carolina (Raleigh, 3); Florida (West Jupiter, 1); Mexico (Teapa, Tabasco, 2); Honduras (Ruatan Island, Bay of Honduras, 1); Nicaragua (San Emilio, Lake Nicaragua, 1); Costa Rica (Guayabo, 12; Limon, 1; Puerto Limon, 1). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 403 *Dendroica castanea (Wilson). BAY-BREASTED WARBLER. Sylvia castanea Wilson, Amer. Orn., 2, p. 97, pi. 14, fig. 4, 1810 — Pennsylvania (type in Peale's Museum, probably lost). Sylvia autumnalis Wilson, Amer. Orn., 3, p. 65, pi. 23, fig. 4, 1811 — Penn- sylvania (fall transient; location of type not stated). Dendroeca castanea Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 322, 1861 — Panama Railroad; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 322 — Naranjo, Colombia; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 494 — Remedies, Colombia; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 282, 1884 — Bucaramanga, Colombia; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 320, 650, 1885 (monog.). Dendroica castanea Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 193 — Turbo and Rio Truando; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 177, 1900— Bonda, Colombia; idem, Auk, 17, p. 367, 1900— Bonda; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 592, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Hellmayr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911, p. 1091 — N6vita, Colombia; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 546, 1917— Colombia (Alto Bonito, Dabeiba, Juntas de Tamana, Novita, Puerto Valdivia, Rio Frio, Honda, Malena); Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 274, 1918— Gatun and Two Point, Panama; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 451, 1922 — Don Diego, Colombia; Bangs and Barbour, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 224, 1922 — Darien, Panama (Mount Sapo, Rio Esnape, Jesusito); Hallinan, Auk, 41, p. 324, 1924 — New Culebra, Panama; Naumburg, Auk, 43, p. 489, 1926 — Panama and Colombia; Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, p. 183, 1929— El Tigre, Rio Cupe, and Cana, Panama; idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 332, 1932— Guatemala. Range. — North America from Alberta, Manitoba, and Newfound- land south to Maine, the mountains of Vermont and New Hampshire, and the Adirondacks of New York; winters in Panama and Colombia; casual in Montana, South Dakota, Texas, southern Mexico (Tehuan- tepec City), and Guatemala (one record); accidental in Greenland. 60: Maine (Brewer, 1; New Vineyard, 1; Upton, 6) ; Massachusetts (Cambridge, 1) ; Connecticut (East Hartford, 1) ; New York (Auburn, 1); New Jersey (Englewood, 1); Pennsylvania (Stouchsburg, 1); Indiana (Bluffton, 1); Illinois (Addison, 1; Beach, Lake County, 1; Chicago, 8; Deerfield, 3; Fox Lake, 1; Hegewisch, 1; Henry, 7; Lake Forest, 4; Palos, 2; Robey, 1); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 14); Missis- sippi (Holly Springs, 1); Colombia (near San Jose* de Cucuta, 1); Venezuela (La Uraca, Tachira, 1). *Dendroica breviunguis (Spix). BLACK-POLL WARBLER. Muscicapa striata (not Motacilla striata Pallas, 1764)1 Forster, Philos. Trans., 62, art. 29 (read June 18 and 25), pp. 406, 428, 1772— Severn River = Fort Severn, west coast of Hudson Bay (location of type unknown). 1 The use of the name Muscicapa striata Forster seems to be barred by Motacilla striata Pallas (in Vroeg, Cat. Rais. d'Ois., Adumbr., p. 3, 1764), now referred to the genus Muscicapa. 404 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Alauda (Anthus) breviunguis Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 75, pis. 76-77, fig. 1, 1824 — "in provincia Parae" (type lost, formerly in Munich Museum; cf. Hellmayr, Abhandl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., II. Cl., 22, No. 3, p. 625, 1906). Anthus breviunguis Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 24, 1862 — "Trinidad"; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 69, 1868— Marabitanas (Rio Negro) and Forte do Rio Branco, Brazil (spec, in Vienna Museum examined). Dendroica atricapilla Landbeck, Arch. Naturg., 30, (1), p. 56, 1864 — Collico, near Valdivia, Chile (type in National Museum, Santiago de Chile; cf. Gigoux and Looser, Bol. Mus. Nac., Santiago, 13, p. 19, 1930); idem, Anal. Univ. Chile, 24, p. 336, 1864— near Valdivia; Philippi, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, 15, p. 41, pi. 23, fig. 1, 1902— Chile. Dendroeca breviunguis Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 405, 1921 — Mount Roraima and Caramang River. Dendroeca striata Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 31, 1862 — "Bogota," Jamaica, and Tobago; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 780— Me>ida, Venezuela; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 325, 650, 1885 (monog.); Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 202 — Roraima, British Guiana; Fielden, I.e., 1889, p. 482— Barbados; Winge, Medd. Gr0nland, 21, p. 280, 1899 — Godthaab, Greenland; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 314 — Archidona, Ecuador. Dendroica striata Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 177, 1900 — Bonda, Colombia; idem, Auk, 13, p. 366, 1900— Bonda; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 595, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 9, 1902 — Venezuela (Quiribana de Caicara and Perico, Orinoco; Suapure and La Pricion, Caura); Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 366, 1905 — New Providence, Cay Lobos, Bird Rock, Anguilla, Watlings Island, Great Inagua; Clark, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 32, p. 294, 1905— Barbados; Hellmayr and Seilern, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 46, 1912— San Esteban, Carabobo, Venezuela; Todd, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 10, p. 265, 1916 — Isle of Pines (Caleta Cocodrilos and Los Indies); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 546, 1917 — Rio Frio, Buena Vista, and Villavicencio, Colombia; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 450, 1922 — Bonda, Cautilito, Mamatoco, Punto Caiman, Cincinnati, Dibulla, and Fundacion, Colombia; Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 116, 1923— Cuba; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 595, 1926 — Rio Suno and below San Jose, Ecuador; Darling- ton, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 412, 1931— Rio Frio and Sevillano, Magdalena, Colombia; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 63, p. 114, 1931 — Roraima and Mount Duida; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 44, 1932— Chile (near Valdivia). Range. — Northern North America from the limit of trees in north- western Alaska, northern Mackenzie, Manitoba, and Quebec, and Newfoundland south to British Columbia, Michigan, Maine, and the mountains of New York, Vermont, and New Hampshire; winters in Colombia, eastern Ecuador, Venezuela, Guiana, and Brazil north of the Amazon; migrates through the Bahamas and West Indies; 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 405 casual in New Mexico, Colorado, Mexico, Tobago (one record), and Chile (one record from near Valdivia) ; accidental in Greenland (Godthaab). 184: Labrador (Anatalok Bay, 1; Mami, 1); Maine (Brewer, 1; New Vineyard, 1; Upton, 1); Massachusetts (Brookline, 5; Cam- bridge, 2; Dighton, 1; Lincoln, 1; Longwood, 1; Woburn, 1; Wil- mington, 1; unspecified, 2); Connecticut (East Hartford, 12); New York (Shelter Island, 6; Suffolk County, 1); New Jersey (Engle- wood, 1); Indiana (Sheffield, 1); Illinois (Beach, Lake County, 1; Chicago, 5; Deerfield, 3; Fox Lake, 13; Grand Chain, 1; Hegewisch, 2; Henry, 1; Joliet, 1; Lake Forest, 9; Lake George, 1; Lyons, 2; Warsaw, 3); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 15; Madison, 1); North Dakota (Cannonball River, 1); Missouri (St. Louis, 1); Colorado (Fort Lyon, 2) ; North Carolina (Raleigh, 4) ; Florida (Amelia Island, 1; Gainesville, 2; Key West, 6; Nassau County, 3; West Jupiter, 14); West Indies (Watlings, 33; Inagua, 16; Grand Cayman, 2; Porto Rico, 1). *Dendrolca pinus pinus (Wilson). NORTHERN PINE WARBLER. Sylvia pinus Wilson, Amer. Orn., 3, p. 25, pi. 19, fig. 4, 1811 — "pine woods of the southern states"; Georgia accepted as type locality (type in Peale's Museum, doubtless lost); Stone, Auk, 38, p. 280, 1921 (nomencl.). Sylvia vigorsii Audubon, Orn. Biog., 1, p. 153, 1831 — Perkioming Creek, eastern Pennsylvania (location of type, if still extant, unknown). Dendroeca pinus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 323, 650, 1885 (monog.). Dendroica vigorsii vigorsii Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 599, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.; excl. southern Florida). Range. — North America from northern Manitoba and Michigan, southern Ontario and Quebec, and New Brunswick south to Texas and the Gulf states; winters from southern Illinois and the coast of Virginia to Florida, Texas, and Tamaulipas, casually north to Massachusetts; occasional in Bermuda and Prince Edward Island; accidental in Greenland. 54: Massachusetts (Natick, 2; Riverside, 1; Taunton, 1); Con- necticut (East Hartford, 8); Illinois (Joliet, 1; Lake Forest, 1); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 1; Stevens Point, 1; Woodruff, Vilas County, 2); North Carolina (Raleigh, 8); South Carolina (Aiken, 2; Frogmore, 2); Georgia (Chatham County, 1; Mclntosh County, 1); Florida (Nassau County, 2; Alachua County, Gainesville, 1; Palm Beach County, West Jupiter, 11; Lee County, Fort Myers, 1; Enterprise, 1; Cutler, 1); Louisiana (Buras, 1); Texas (Boille, 2; Bowie County, 2). 406 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII *Dendroica pinus florida (Maynard).1 FLORIDA PINE WARBLER. Pinacantor vigorsii florida Maynard, Directory Bds. East. N. Amer., p. 244, 1906 — Deep Creek and Enterprise, Florida (cotypes in coll. of C. J. May- nard, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. ; cf . Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 358, 1930). Dendroica pinus florida Howell, Auk, 47, p. 42, 1930 — southern Florida (crit.). Range. — Resident in southern Florida from Volusia, Lake, and Citrus counties to Homestead and Long Pine Key, in the southern Everglades. 38: Florida (Miami, 1; Fort Myers, 1; Gainesville, 2; Mary Esther, 3; New River, 1; Nassau County, 1; Palm Beach, 1; Starke, 1; Lake Worth, 3; West Jupiter, 7; East Pass, 5; Eau Gallic, 2; Town Point, Santa Rosa County, 10). *Dendroica pinus achrustera Bangs. NASSAU PINE WARBLER. Dendroica bahamensis (not Dendroica pityophila bahamensis Cory, 1891) Maynard, App. Cat. Bds. W. Ind., p. 33, 1899 — New Providence, Bahamas (cotypes in coll. of C. J. Maynard, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 359, 1930); Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 82, p. 335, 1930— Bahamas. Dendroica achrustera Bangs, Auk, 17, p. 292, 1900 — new name for D. baha- mensis Maynard, preoccupied. Dendroica vigorsii abacoensis Ridgway, Auk, 19, p. 69, 1902 — Abaco Island, Bahamas (type in U. S. National Museum); idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 603, 1902 (monog.); Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, pp. 354, 366, 1905— Abaco. Dendroeca pinus (not Sylvia pinus Wilson) Cory, Bds. Bahama Is., p. 69, 1880— Bahamas; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 323, 1885— part, Bahamas. Dendroica vigorsii (not Sylvia vigorsii Audubon) Cory, Auk, 3, p. 39, 1886 — part, Bahamas; idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 53, 1889 — part, Bahamas; Ridgway, Auk, 8, p. 335, 1891— New Providence; Cory, Auk, 8, pp. 350, 352, 1891— Great Bahama, Abaco, and (?) Cay Sal, Bahamas. Dendroeca vigorsi Bonhote, Ibis, 1899, p. 509 — Nassau, New Providence. Dendroica vigorsii achrustera Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 602, 1902 — New Providence (monog.); Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, pp. 354, 366, 1905 — New Providence; Todd and Worthington, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 7, pp. 435, 461, 1911 — New Providence, Andros, and Abaco (crit., habits). Dendroeca achrustera Bonhote, Ibis, 1903, p. 281 — New Providence (crit.). 1 Dendroica pinus florida (Maynard) : Similar to D. p. pinus, but with decidedly longer bill and more yellowish (less greenish) coloration of the head and back. Wing, 69-74, (female) 65-70; tail, 49-56, (female) 49-51; bill, 12^-14, (female) 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 407 Range. — Bahamas (islands of Great Bahama, Abaco,1 New Provi- dence, Andros, and Cay Sal). 17: Bahamas (Great Bahama, 2; Abaco, 9; Nassau, New Provi- dence, 5; Cay Sal, 1). *Dendroica pinus chrysoleuca Griscom.2 HISPANIOLAN PINE WARBLER. * Dendroica pinus chrysoleuca Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 71, p. 5, 1923 — Loma Tina, Dominican Republic (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 512, 1928— La Selle and Cerca Cabrajal, Haiti; Danforth, Auk, 46, p. 373, 1929 — La Vega, Santo Domingo; Moltoni, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., 68, p. 322, 1929— Loma del Medio; Wetmore and Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 375, 1931 — Hispaniola (crit., habits). Dendroica pinus (not Sylvia pinus Wilson) Cory, Bds. Haiti and S. Dom., p. 33, 1884— La Vega. Dendroita vigorsii (not Sylvia vigorsii Audubon) Cory, Auk, 3, p. 39, 1886 — part, Santo Domingo; idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 53, 1889 — part, Santo Domingo; Verrill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 61, p. 365, 1909— Dominican Republic. Range. — Resident in the pine forests of the island of Haiti, Greater Antilles. 9: Haiti (La Vega, Santo Domingo, 9). *Dendroica kirtlandii (Baird). KIRTLAND'S WARBLER. Sylvicola kirtlandii Baird, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 5, p. 217, pi. 6, 1852— near Cleveland, Ohio (type in U. S. National Museum). Dendroeca kirtlandi Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 322, 1885 (monog.). Dendroica kirtlandii Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 603, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Wood, Bull. Mich. Orn. Cl., 5, pp. 3-13, 1904— Michigan (breeding habits); Adams, I.e., 5, pp. 14-21, 1904 (migration route); Arnold, Auk, 21, p. 487, 1904 — Oscoda County, Michigan (song, nest, and eggs); Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 366, 1905 — Bahamas. Range. — Breeds in Oscoda, Crawford, and Roscommon counties, Michigan; winters in the Bahamas south to the Caicos Islands; in migration recorded casually from Minnesota, Wisconsin, Ontario, 1 Though birds from Abaco have on average slightly larger bills, this insigni- ficant variation hardly justifies the retention of abacoensis, as has been pointed out by Mr. Todd, in whose paper a concise discussion of the characters of D. p. achrustera may be found. * Dendroica pinus chrysoleuca Griscom: Nearest to D. p. pinus, but still more brightly colored; the anterior under parts deeper yellow, the abdomen clearer white; the wing bands somewhat narrower. Wing, 66-72, (female) 65-67; tail, 50-58, (female) 49-52; bill, 11-12. 408 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. 18: Michigan (Luzerne, 1; Oscoda County, 2); Florida (Jupiter Inlet, 1); Bahama Islands (Abaco, 1; Berry, 1; Nassau, New Provi- dence, 5; Andros, 1; Eleuthera, 5; Caicos, 1). *Dendroica pityophila (Gundlach). CUBAN WARBLER. Sylvicola pityophila Gundlach, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 6, p. 160, 1855 — Cuba (type probably in the Havana Museum). Dendroica pityophila bahamensis Cory, Auk, 8, p. 348, 1891 — Abaco Island, Bahamas (type in coll. of C. B. Cory, now in Field Museum); idem, Auk, 8, p. 350, 1891— Great Bahama and Abaco; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 606, 1902— Abaco and Great Bahama (ex Cory); Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, pp. 354, 366, 1905 — Abaco and Great Bahama. Rimamphus pityophilus Gundlach, Journ. Orn., 5, p. 240, 1857 — western Cuba. Dendroica pityophila Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 208, 1865 — Cuba (crit.); Cory, Auk, 3, p. 38, 1886— Cuba (descr.); idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 52, 1889 — Cuba; Todd and Worthington, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 7, pp. 434, 461, 1911 — Abaco, Bahamas (crit., habits); Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 82, p. 335, 1930— Cuba and Bahamas (habits). Dendroeca pityophila Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 322, 1885 — Cuba. Dendroica pityophila pityophila Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 605, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. CL, 6, p. 117, 1923— Cuba (distribution). Range. — Cuba, Greater Antilles, and the islands of Abaco and Great Bahama, Bahamas.1 7: Bahamas (Great Bahama, 1; Abaco, 3); Cuba (unspecified, 3). *Dendroica discolor discolor (Vieillot). PRAIRIE WARBLER. Sylvia discolor Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Ame>. Sept., 2, p. 37, pi. 98, "1807" [1808, possibly 1809] — "dans les Etats-Unis et les grandes iles Antilles" (type, from "les Antilles," in coll. of M. Dufresne, now in Edinburgh Museum; cf. Stenhouse, Nov. Zool., 35, p. 271, 1930). Sylvia minuta Wilson, Amer. Orn., 3, p. 87, pi. 25, fig. 4, 1811— barrens of Kentucky (type in Peale's Museum, doubtless lost). Dendroeca discolor Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 307, 648, 1885 (monog.); Salvin, Ibis, 1888, p. 250 — islands of Mugeres, Cozumel, and Bonacca. Dendroica discolor Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 607, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 366, 1 The Bahama race (bahamensis) seems to be inseparable from Cuban birds, as has been shown by Mr. Todd. Still, the examination of a series in fresh plumage might reveal characters not discernible in Cory's original specimens, which are all in worn, faded condition. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 409 1905 — Bahama Islands; Todd and Worthington, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 7, pp. 437, 461, 1911 — New Providence, Great Inagua, and Watlings Island (crit.); Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, p. 138, 1929— Corn Islands. Range. — North America from eastern Nebraska and Kansas, southern Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, Massachusetts (along the coast), and New York south to Arkansas, Missouri, northern Mississippi, southern Alabama, Georgia, and the Bahamas, and north locally to Michigan, southern Ontario, and New Hampshire; rare and locally in the Gulf states; winters from central Florida through the Bahamas and West Indies, and casually in islands off the coast of Central America (Swan, Mugeres, Cozumel, Chinchorro, Bonacca, and Corn). 191: Massachusetts (Grantville, 1); Rhode Island (Fruit Hill, 1); New York (Long Island, 1; Miller Place, 1; Shelter Island, 2); Illinois (Lake Forest, 1); North Carolina (Raleigh, 3); Tennessee (Nashville, 1); Mississippi (Holly Springs, 3); Florida (Gainesville, 5; Nassau County, 4; Orchid, 1; Puntarasa, 1; Pine Island, 1; West Jupiter, 3); West Indies (Great Bahama, 9; Abaco, 3; Bimini, 5; Berry, 3; Andros, 5; Eleuthera, 11; Nassau, New Providence, 5; Cay Sal, 1; Watlings, 25; Mariguana, 9; Caicos, 10; Inagua, 18; Cayman Brae, 6; Little Cayman, 1; Jamaica, 9; Haiti, 3; Santo Domingo, 15; Mona, 1; Porto Rico, 3; St. Croix, 3; Tortola, 2; Virgin Gorda, 9; Anegada, 1; St. Eustatius, 2; St. Kitts, 3). *Dendroica discolor collinsi Bailey.1 FLORIDA PRAIRIE WARBLER. Dendroica discolor collinsi Bailey, Bull. Bailey Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 3, p. [1], Nov. 16, 1926— Dade County, Florida (type in coll. of H. H. Bailey). Dendroica discolor paludicola Howell, Auk, 47, p. 41, 1930 — Anclote Key, Florida (type in U. S. National Museum). Dendroica discolor (not Sylvia discolor Vieillot) Holt and Sutton, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 16, p. 438, 1926— Bear Lake, East Cape, and Gator Lake. Range. — Mangrove swamps on the coast of Florida from New Smyrna and Anclote Key southward; winters, at least in part, in Florida. 10: Florida (West Jupiter, 6; Palm Beach, 2; Key West, 2). *Dendroica vitellina2 vitellina Cory. VITELLINE WARBLER. 1 Dendroica discolor collinsi Bailey: Similar to D. d. discolor, but upper parts (especially in females) more grayish (less greenish) and with chestnut markings of the back less pronounced and sometimes even absent; black streaks below on average smaller; bill, tail, and tarsus longer; wing slightly shorter. Wing, 56-59, (female) 52-57; tail, 47-52, (female) 47-50; tarsus, 18-21; bill, 10-11. 2 Dendroica vitellina, while nearly allied to the Prairie Warbler, nevertheless differs markedly in larger size with longer bill, in the absence of the chestnut 410 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Dendroica vitellina Cory, Auk, 3, p. 497, 1886 — Grand Cayman (type in coll. of C. B. Cory, now in Field Museum); idem, I.e., 3, p. 501, 1886 — Grand Cayman; Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 574, 1888— Grand Cayman; idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 610, 1902— part, Grand Cayman; English, Ibis, 1916, p. 30 — Grand Cayman (nest and eggs descr.). Dendroica vitellina vitellina Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 60, p. 316, 1916 — Grand Cayman; idem, I.e., 62, p. 493, 1919 — Grand Cayman (monog.); Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 82, p. 336, 1930— Grand Cayman (habits). Dendroeca vitellina Nicoll, Ibis, 1904, p. 580 — Grand Cayman (crit.); Lowe, I.e., 1909, p. 345 — Grand Cayman; idem, I.e., 1911, p. 157 — part, Grand Cayman. Range. — Grand Cayman Island, Caribbean Sea. 9: Grand Cayman. *Dendroica vitellina nelsoni Bangs.1 SWAN ISLAND WARBLER. Dendroica vitellina nelsoni Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 494, Jan., 1919 — Swan Island, Caribbean Sea (type in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.) ; Fisher and Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 79, art. 10, p. 20, 1931— Swan Island. Dendroica vitellina (not of Cory) Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 576, 1888— Swan Island (descr. juv.); idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 610, 1902— part, Swan Island. Dendroeca vitellina Lowe, Ibis, 1909, p. 337 — Swan Island (crit.); idem, I.e., 1911, p. 157 — part, Swan Island. Range. — Swan Island, Caribbean Sea. 2: Swan Island. *Dendroica vitellina crawfordi Nicoll.2 CRAWFORD'S WARBLER. spotting on the back, in all the under tail coverts being yellow, and in having the sides of the breast streaked with dusky olive instead of black. Still, the group is possibly conspecific with D. discolor. 1 Dendroica vitellina nelsoni Bangs: Similar to D. v. vitellina, but sides of breast almost unstreaked or with but faint dusky olive stripes; dark markings on sides of head much more indistinct and not abruptly contrasting with the yellow auric- ulars and superciliaries; wing bands duller, olive yellow to ecru olive rather than lemon or citron yellow; white areas of lateral rectrices less defined. Wing (males), 56-60; tail, 50-52; bill, 10-11. This form is restricted to Swan Island. Ridgway's record from St. Andrews, credited to "Cory, Auk, 4, p. 181, 1887," is an erroneous quotation. Six specimens examined. 2 Dendroica vitellina crawfordi Nicoll: Very similar to D. v. nelsoni and agreeing in restriction of dusky olive markings on sides of face and under parts; but upper parts brighter, less greenish, near pyrite yellow, and superciliaries, sides of head, and lower surface more deeply colored, intense lemon chrome. Wing, 56-59; tail, 47-52; bill, 10-11. Birds from Cayman Brae appear to be identical with those from Little Cayman. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 411 Dendroeca erawfordi Nicoll, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14, p. 95, June, 1904— Little Cayman Island (type in British Museum); idem, Ibis, 1904, p. 586, pi. 11, fig. 1 — Little Cayman and Cayman Brae; Lowe, I.e., 1909, p. 337 (in text) — Little Cayman; idem, I.e., 1911, p. 158 — Little Cayman. Dendroica vitellina erawfordi Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 60, p. 316 — Little Cayman and Cayman Brae; idem, I.e., 62, p. 494, 1919 — same localities (monog.); Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 82, p. 336, 1930— Little Cayman and Cayman Brae. Dendroica vitellina (not of Cory, 1886) Cory, Auk, 6, p. 31, 1889 — Little Cayman and Cayman Brae. Range. — Little Cayman and Cayman Brae, Caribbean Sea. 34: Cayman Brae, 26; Little Cayman, 8. *Dendroica palmarum palmar um (Gmelin). WESTERN PALM WARBLER. Motacilla palmarum Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 951, 1789 — based on "Le Bimbel6 ou La Fausse Linotte" Buffon, Hist. Nat. G6n., 5, p. 330; Santo Domingo. Dendroeca ignota Maynard, Contrib. to Science, 1, p. 30, pi. 3, fig. 1, 1889 — Homestead, St. Andrews, Jamaica (type in the Kingston, Jamaica, Mu- seum); Cory, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 123, 1892 (crit.). Dendroeca palmarum Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 441 — Progreso, Yucatan; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 317, 650, 1885 (monog., in part); Salvin, Ibis, 1888, p. 251 — Holbox, Mugeres, Cozumel, and Ruatan Islands. Dendroica palmarum palmarum Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 612, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Cole, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 50, p. 139, 1906— Chichen Itza, Yucatan; Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 118, 1923— Cuba; Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 235, p. 16, 1926— Vigia Chica, Yucatan; idem, I.e., 236, p. 12, 1926 — Cozumel Island; Wetmore, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Is., 9, p. 520, 1927— Porto Rico (rare winter visitant) ; Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 512, 1928 — Gonave and Tortuga Islands; Wetmore and Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 382, 1931 — Hispaniola (common winter visitant). Dendroica palmarum Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 366, 1905 — Bahamas. Range. — Western North America from southern Mackenzie and northern Manitoba south to northern Minnesota; winters from southern Florida and the Bahamas to the Greater Antilles (east to Porto Rico) and Yucatan; accidental in California, Montana, and Colorado. 197: Massachusetts (Chatham, 1); Illinois (Beach, Lake County, 2; Calumet, 1; Chicago, 7; Deerfield, 4; Glen Ellyn, 1; Grand Chain, 4; Joliet, 4; Lake Forest, 8; Ruby, 1); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 15; Milton, 1); Florida (Enterprise, 1; Gainesville, 5; Georgiana, 1; Holly 412 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Hill, 1; Key West, 1; Lake Worth, 3; Mary Esther, 3; Miami, 9; Nassau County, 5; New Berlin, 2; Palm Beach, 3; Pine Island, 1; Puntarasa, 1; Santa Rosa Island, 1; Tamiami Trail, 1; West Jupiter, 2; Wilson, 4); West Indies (Great Bahama, 26; Bimini, 2; Berry, 1; Nassau, New Providence, 2; Andros, 4; Eleuthera, 29; Watlings, 1; Caicos, 4; Inagua, 4; Grand Cayman, 1; Cayman Brae, 5; Jamaica, 12; Old Providence, 1; Santo Domingo, 11; Isle of Pines, La Vega, 1). *Dendroica palmarum hypochrysea Ridgway. YELLOW PALM WARBLER. [Dendroica palmarum] subsp. hypochrysea Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CL, 1, No. 4, pp. 85, 87, 1876 — Atlantic states from east Florida to Nova Scotia (type from Cambridge, Massachusetts, in U. S. National Museum). Dendroica palmarum hypochrysea Cory, Auk, 9, p. 273, 1892 — San Diego de los Bafios, Cuba; Scott, Auk, 10, p. 341, 1893 — Kingston, Jamaica (Dec. 20, 1890; sight record); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 615, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. CL, 6, p. 118, 1923— Cuba (ex Cory); Griscom, Ibis, 1926, p. 680— Newfoundland. Range. — Northeastern North America from Ontario, central Quebec, and Newfoundland south to Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Maine; winters from Louisiana to Florida, casually in West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts; accidental in Ohio, Cuba (San Diego de los Baiios), Jamaica (Kingston, Dec. 20, 1890; sight record), and Bermuda. 36: Maine (Brewer, 1; Lincoln, 1; New Vineyard, 1); Massa- chusetts (Cliftondale, 1; Great Island, 1; Lincoln, 2; Natick, 1; unspecified, 1); Connecticut (Bridgeport, 1; East Hartford, 4; New Haven, 1); New York (Miller Place, 5; Suffolk County, 1); New Jersey (Fort Lee, 1); North Carolina (Raleigh, 2); Florida (Enter- prise, 1; Gainesville, 4; Nassau County, 4; Pilot Town, 1; Starke, 1; Wilson, 1). *Dendroica plumbea plumbea Lawrence. PLUMBEOUS WARBLER. Dendroeca plumbea Lawrence, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1, p. 47, Oct., 1878 — Dominica (type in U. S. National Museum); idem, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1, p. 55, 1878 — Dominica; idem, I.e., 1, p. 486, 1879 — part, Dominica; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 333, 651, 1885— part, spec, a, c, Dominica; Cory, Ibis, 1886, p. 473 — Marie Galante; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 326— Dominica; Nicoll, Ibis, 1904, p. 568— Dominica. Dendroica plumbea Cory, Auk, 3, p. 40, 1886 — part, Dominica; idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 54, 1889 — part, Dominica; Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., 8, p. 342, 1892 — Dominica (habits, nest, and eggs); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 617, 1902— part, Dominica (monog.); Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 540, 1928— Dominica (habits); 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 413 idem, I.e., 82, p. 337, 1930 — part, Dominica and Marie Galante (crit., habits). Range. — Islands of Dominica and Marie Galante, Greater Antilles. 16: Dominica, 8; Marie Galante, 8. *Dendroica plumbea guadeloupensis Brodkorb.1 GUADELOUPE WARBLER. Dendroica plumbea guadeloupensis Brodkorb, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 44, p. 3, 1931 — Guadeloupe (type in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.). Dendroeca plumbea (not of Lawrence, 1878) Lawrence, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1, p. 454, 1879 — Guadeloupe; idem, I.e., 1, p. 486, 1879 — part, Guadeloupe; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 333, 651, 1885— part, spec, b, d, Guadeloupe; Cory, Ibis, 1886, p. 474 — Grande Terre. Dendroica plumbea Cory, Auk, 3, p. 40, 1886 — part, Guadeloupe; idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 54, 1889— part, Guadeloupe; idem, Auk, 8, p. 49, 1891— Guadeloupe; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 617, 1902 —part, Guadeloupe; Noble, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 60, p. 390, 1916— Soufriere and above Sainte Claude, Guadeloupe (crit., habits); Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 82, p. 337, 1930— part, Guadeloupe. Range. — Island of Guadeloupe, Greater Antilles. 10: Guadeloupe. *Dendroica pharetra (Gosse). STREAKED WARBLER. Sylvicola pharetra Gosse, Bds. Jamaica, p. 163, 1847 — top of Bluefields Peak, Jamaica (type in British Museum); idem, Illust. Bds. Jam., pi. 38, 1849. Dendroeca pharetra Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, p. 71 — Freeman's Hall, Jamaica (crit.); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 358, 1862 — same locality; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 332, 651, 1885 — Jamaica. Dendroica pharetra Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 192, 1865 — St. Armand and Trelawny, Jamaica (crit.); Cory, Auk, 3, p. 35, 1886 — Jamaica (descr.); idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 49, 1889— Jamaica; Scott, Auk, 10, p. 341, 1893— Bluefields Peak (ex Gosse); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 618, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Danforth, Auk, 45, p. 489, 1928— near Lumsden, Jamaica (habits); Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 82, p. 336, 1930— Jamaica (habits). Range. — Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles. 4: Jamaica. 1 Dendroica plumbea guadeloupensis Brodkorb : Similar to D. p. plumbea, but upper surface of a clearer slate color and the under parts, except the median portion, with more or less defined slate gray streaks instead of uniform slate gray; immature plumage above more yellowish green, the median abdominal area deeper yellow, and the streaks on the flanks more pronounced as well as more greenish, olive green rather than grayish olive. Size about the same. Though the characters are somewhat variable and do not hold in every single individual, the form as a whole seems recognizable, when series are compared. 414 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Genus CATHAROPEZA Sclater Catharopeza Sclater, Ibis, (4), 4, pp. 40, 73, 1880 — type, by orig. desig., Leucopeza bishopi Lawrence. Catharopeza bishopi (Lawrence).1 BISHOP'S WARBLER. Leucopeza bishopi Lawrence, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1, p. 151, 1878 — St. Vincent (type in U. S. National Museum); idem, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1, p. 189, 1878— St. Vincent (habits, notes); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 228, 638, 1885 — St. Vincent. Catharopeza bishopi Lister, Ibis, 1880, p. 40 — St. Vincent; Sclater, Ibis, 1880, p. 73, pi. 1— St. Vincent (crit.); Cory, Auk, 3, p. 41, 1886— St. Vincent; idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 55, 1889— St. Vincent; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 620, 1902— St. Vincent (monog.); Clark, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 32, p. 295, 1905— St. Vincent (not observed) ; Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 540, 1928— southern St. Vincent (habits). Range. — Island of St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles. Genus SEIURUS Swainson Seiurus Swainson, Phil. Mag., (n.s.), 1, No. 5, p. 369, May, 1827 — type, by subs, desig. (Swainson, Zool. Journ., 3, p. 171, July, 1827), Turdus aurocapilla Wilson=Motacilla aurocapilla Linnaeus. Siurus Strickland, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6, p. 422, 1841 (emendation). Enicocichla Gray, List Gen. Subgen. Bds., p. 22, 1840 — new name for Seiurus Swainson. Henicocichla Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 15, 1851 (emendation of Enicocichla Gray). Exochocichla van der Hoeven, Handb. Zool., 2, p. 537, 1852-56 — new name for Seiurus Swainson. *Seiurus aurocapillus aurocapillus (Linnaeus). OVEN-BIRD. Motacilla aurocapilla Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 334, 1766 — based on "The Golden-crowned Thrush" Edwards, Glean. Nat. Hist., 1, p. 91, pi. 252; "on the coast of Hispaniola, about ten leagues from land." Turdus citreus P. L. S. Miiller, Natursyst., Suppl., p. 141, 1776 — based on "Petite grive de St. Domingue" Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 398, fig. 2; Santo Domingo. Turdus coronatus Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amer. Sept., 2, p. 8, pi. 64, "1807" [=1808?] — center of eastern United States, wintering in Santo Domingo. Siurus auricapillus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 389, 1885 (monog.). Seiurus aurocapillus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 635, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Naumburg, Auk, 43, p. 489, 1926. 1 This species, for some time regarded as extinct, has recently been rediscovered by James Bond, who found it to be not uncommon in the southern mountains of the island. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 415 Seiurus aurocapillus aurocapillus Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 449, 1922 — Bonda, Santa Marta, Colombia. Range. — North America, from southwestern Mackenzie (casually the lower Yukon Valley), northern Ontario, and central Quebec south to southern Alberta, Colorado, Kansas, Arkansas, southern Missouri, northern, Alabama, northern Georgia, and eastern North Carolina; winters from northern Florida (casually South Carolina) and islands off the Louisiana coast through the Bahamas and West Indies to St. Thomas, and from Mexico to Colombia (Bonda, Santa Marta; one record). 191: Alberta (Hastings Lake, 1); Massachusetts (Boston, 1; Cam- bridge, 1; Lincoln, 1; Natick, 1); Connecticut (East Hartford, 27); New York (Cayuga Co., 1; Holly, 1; Rochester, 1; Shelter Is., 1); New Jersey (Fort Lee, 1); Indiana (Dunes, 1); Illinois (Addison, 1; Auburn Park, 1; Beach, Lake Co., 1; Chicago, 2; Deerfield, 4; Glen Ellyn, 1; Grand Chain, 2; Hegewisch, 3; Henry, 4; Joliet, 5; Lake Forest, 3 ; Lyons, 2 ; Ravinia, 1) ; Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 8) ; Arkansas (Winslow, 1); Florida (Gainesville, 1; Key West, 1; Nassau Co., 3; West Jupiter, 2) ; Yucatan (Cozumel Island, 2) ; Guatemala (Mazate- nango, 1); Nicaragua (San Geronimo, 3; San Rafael del Norte, 1); Costa Rica (Las Caiias, 1); West Indies (Great Bahama, 5; Abaco, 2; Bimini, 1 ; Berry, 3 ; Nassau, New Providence, 1 ; Andros, 1 ; Eleuthera, 13; Watlings, 11; Caicos, 4; Inagua, 18; Cuba, 1; Cayman Brae, 1; Jamaica, 2; Old Providence, 1; Haiti, 4; Santo Domingo, 26; Porto Rico, 4; St. Croix, 1). Seiurus aurocapillus furvior Batchelder.1 NEWFOUNDLAND OVEN-BIRD. Seiurus aurocapillus furvior Batchelder, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 6, p. 81, 1918 — near Deer Pond, Newfoundland (type in coll. of C. F. Batchelder); Noble, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 561, 1919— Nicholsville, Remain's Brook, and Spruce Brook (crit.). Seiurus aurocapillus subsp. Griscom, Ibis, 1926, p. 680 — west coast of Newfoundland. Range. — Newfoundland . 1 Seiurus aurocapillus furvior Batchelder: "Similar to S. a. aurocapillus, but deeper colored; tawny of crown browner, less yellowish — 'amber brown' instead of 'ochraceous-orange' ; black of sides of crown more extensive and slightly more intense; back duskier green; dark markings of breast and sides heavier and blacker; brown of flanks deeper." (Batchelder, I.e.). This form, not admitted in the latest edition of the A. 0. U. Check List, is recognized by Noble. We have no material to investigate its value. 416 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII *Seiurus motacilla (Vieillot). LOUISIANA WATER-THRUSH. Turdus motacilla Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Ame>. Sept., 2, p. 9, pi. 65, "1807" [1808?]— Kentucky (type in coll. of P. L. Vieillot, doubtless lost). Turdus ludovicianus Audubon, Orn. Biog., 1, p. 99, 1831 — "lowlands of Louisiana and Mississippi" (location of type unknown). Henicocichla major Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 16, 1851 — Jalapa, Mexico (type in Heine Collection, now in Municipal Museum, Halberstadt). (?) Seiurus colombianus Lesson,1 Echo du Monde Sav., 11, (2nd sem.), No. 7, p. 157, July 25, 1844— "Colombie" (type in coll. of Dr. Abeilte, Bordeaux). Siurus motacilla Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 342, 1885 (monog.). Seiurus motacilla Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 143, 1898 — Santa Marta, Colombia; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 177, 1900— Bonda, Santa Marta; idem, Auk, 17, p. 366, 1900 — Bonda; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 639, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.) ; Riley, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 47, p. 289, 1904— Antigua; idem, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 366, 1905 — Biminis, Berry, and Cay Lobos, Bahamas; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 806, 1910 — Costa Rica (Volcan de Irazu, Rio Sicsola, and El Hogar); Todd and Carriker, I.e., 14, p. 448, 1922 — San Miguel and Don Diego, Colombia; Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. CL, 6, p. 119, 1923— Cuba; Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 411, 1931— Rio Frio, Magdalena, Colombia. Range. — North America from eastern Nebraska, southeastern Minnesota, and the southern parts of Michigan, Ontario, New York, and New England south to northeastern Texas, southern Alabama, northern Georgia, and central South Carolina; winters from northern Mexico to Colombia (Santa Marta region), the Greater Antilles, St. Kitts, Antigua, and the Bahamas; accidental in California. 49: Canada (Hamilton, Ontario, 1); Michigan (Grand Rapids, 1); Illinois (Grand Chain, 1; Olive Branch, 1); Missouri (Cliff Cave, 1); Arkansas (Winslow, 1); Rhode Island (West Greenwich, 1); Ohio (Garrettsville, 1); West Virginia (Petroleum, 1); South Carolina (Mount Pleasant, 1); Florida (Key West, 19; Nassau County, 1); Texas (Corpus Christi, 2); Mexico (Cuernavaca, 1; Iguala, Guerrero, 1; Vera Cruz, 2); West Indies (Bimini, 1; Berry, 1; Grand Cayman, 1; Cayman Brae, 1; Jamaica, 1; Old Providence, 2; Haiti, 1; Santo Domingo, 4; St. Kitts, 1). *Seiurus noveboracensis noveboracensis (Vieillot). WATER- THRUSH. Motacilla naevia (not of Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., p. 35) Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., p. 47, 1783 — based on "Fauvette tachetee, de la Louisiane" Dauben- ton, PI. Enl., pi. 752, fig. 1. 1 Lesson's description is rather ambiguous. Certain characters seem to apply better to S. motacilla, while others rather point to one of the races of S.[noveboracensis. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 417 Motacilla noveboracensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 958, 1789 — based on Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 752, fig. 1, and "New York Warbler" Pennant (Arct. Zool., 2, p. 409) and Latham (Gen. Syn. Bds., 2, (2), p. 958); New York accepted as type locality. Turdus aquaticus Wilson, Amer. Orn., 3, p. 66, pi. 23, fig. 5, 1811 — Louisiana, Tennessee, «nd the Mississippi territory, on migration in Pennsylvania (type in Peale's Museum, doubtless lost). Sylvia anthmdes Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e'd., 11, p. 208, 1817 — new name for Motacilla noveboracensis Gmelin. Seiurus sulfurascens d'Orbigny, in Sagra, Hist, phys., pol., etc., Cuba, Ornith., p. 57, pi. 6, 1839 — Cuba (location of type not stated). Anthus Lherminieri Lesson,1 Rev. Zool., 2, p. 101, 1839 — "Columbia?" (type in Rochefort Museum). Seiurus gossii Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, (2), p. 306, 1850 — based on Seiurus noveboracensis Gosse, Illust. Bds. Jamaica, pi. 28, 1849; Jamaica. Siurus naevius Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 343, 1885 (monog.). Siurus noveboracensis Winge, Medd. Gr0nland, 21, p. 282, 1899 — Nanortalik, Greenland. Seiurus noveboracensis Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1880, p. 117 — Minca, Co- lombia; Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, p. 105, 1899 — La Concepcion and Chirua, Colombia; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 177, 1900 — Bonda and Cienaga, Colombia; Allen, Auk, 17, p. 366, 1900 — Bonda, Cienaga, and Minca, Colombia; Dalmas, M6m. Soc. Zool. France, 13, p. 136, 1900— Tobago; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 10, 1902— Orinoco River (Perico, Altagracia, Caicara, Puerto Samoro, Nericagua) and Caura Valley (La Pricion), Venezuela; Hellmayr, I.e., 13, p. 7, 1906 — Caparo, Chaguaramas, and Seelet, Trinidad; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 407, 1921 — numerous localities in British Guiana. Seiurus noveboracensis noveboracensis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 642, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 805, 1910 — Costa Rica (Bolson, Boruca, Escazu); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 547, 1917— Chicoral and Rio Frio, Colombia; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 447, 1922 — Bonda, Gaira, Mamatoco, Punta Caiman, and Dibulla, Colombia; Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 411, 1931 — Rio Frio, Magdalena, Colombia; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 335, 1932— Guatemala (Finca Secanquim, Finca Sepacuite). Range. — North America, from northern Ontario and Quebec and Newfoundland south to southern Ontario, northwestern New York, and New England, and in the mountains south to Pennsylvania and West Virginia; winters from the valley of Mexico to Colombia, Ecuador,2 Venezuela, and British Guiana, and from Florida and the 1 The same author, in Echo du Monde Sav., 10, No. 27, p. 635, Oct. 5, 1843, men- tions another species, Seiurus guadeloupensis Lesson, without giving any description. 2 According to Chapman (Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 595, 1926), both this form and S. n. notabilis seem to be represented among five specimens from Esmeraldas. 418 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Bahamas throughout the West Indies to Tobago and Trinidad; in migration west to Minnesota, Iowa, and Missouri; accidental in Greenland (one record from Nanortalik). 63: Maine (Upton, 1); Connecticut (East Hartford, 14); New York (Miller Place, 9; Suffolk County, 2) ; West Virginia (Petroleum, 1); South Carolina (Mount Pleasant, 2); Florida (Key West, 5); West Indies (Great Bahama, 1; Berry, 1; Nassau, New Providence, 1; Cay Sal, 1; Eleuthera, 1; Inagua, 3; Grand Cayman, 1; Cayman Brae, 4; Jamaica, 1; Santo Domingo, 2; Guadeloupe, 2; Martinique, 3); Costa Rica (Las Caiias, 1); Venezuela (Los Roques Island, 1; Caracas, 3; Encontrados, Zulia, 1; Me"rida, 1; Colon, Tachira, 1). *Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis Ridgway.1 GRINNELL'S WATER-THRUSH. Seiurus naevius notabilis Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 3, p. 12, 1880 — Black Hills [=shores of Lake Como, Carbon County], Wyoming (type in coll. of G. B. Grinnell). Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, p. 105, 1899 — Chirua, Santa Marta, Colombia; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 645, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 366, 1905 — New Providence; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 806, 1910 — Plgres, Costa Rica; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 547, 1917— Colombia (Alto Bonito, La Playa, Juntas de Tamana, San Jose', Caldas, Puerto Valdivia, Salento, Rio Toche, San Agustin, Chicoral, Honda, Puerto Berrio); Todd and Carriker, Ann. Car- negie Mus., 14, p. 448, 1922 — La Tigrera, Don Diego, and Fundacion, Colombia; Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 202, 1928— Lower California; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 336, 1932— Guatemala (Chimoxan, Hacienda California). Range. — North America, from the limit of trees in northwestern Alaska, northern Yukon, Mackenzie, and northern Manitoba south to southern British Columbia, central Montana, northwestern Nebraska, northern Minnesota, and northwestern Michigan; winters in Cuba, Haiti, Porto Rico, Martinique, and the Bahamas, and from Lower California and Mexico to Colombia and Ecuador;2 accidental at East Cape, Siberia, and in California, casual in Connecticut and New Jersey.3 1 An earlier name is possibly Seiurus tenuirostris Swainson (Phil. Mag., n.s., 1, p. 369, May, 1827), based on a specimen from the tableland (?) of Mexico. The description, "above olive brown, beneath pale yellow with triangular blackish spots; stripe above the eye pale/' does not permit of definite identification, and I have not been able to ascertain if the type still exists. ! Chapman (Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 595, 1926) is inclined to refer some of the specimens received from Esmeraldas to S. n. notabilis. *An additional race has recently been separated as Seiurus noveboracensis limnaeus McCabe and Miller (Condor, 35, p. 192, 1933 — type from Indianpoint 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 419 71: Illinois (Beach, Lake County, 2; Calumet, 1; Chicago, 4; Deering, 2; Fox Lake, 2; Henry, 1; Joliet, 3; Lake Forest, 8; Warsaw, 1); Wisconsin (Reaver Dam, 7; Fox Lake, 3; Lake Koshkonong, 1; Woodruff, Vilas County, 1) ; Iowa (Cedar Rapids, 1) ; Colorado (Fort Lyon, 2) ; North Carolina (Raleigh, 1) ; Florida (Nassau County, 1) ; West Indies (Abaco, 1; Inagua, 1; Grand Cayman, 2; Old Provi- dence, 7; St. Andrews, 1; Mona, 1; Martinique, 1); Lower California (La Paz, 1; Todos Santos, 1); Yucatan (unspecified, 6); Guatemala (Lake Amatitlan, 1; Los Amates, Izabel, 1); Honduras (Ruatan Island, 2) ; Nicaragua (Geronimo, 2) ; Costa Rica (Orosi, 1) ; Colombia (near San Jose* de Cucuta, 1). Genus OPORORNIS Baird Oporornis Baird, in Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. Surv. R. R. Pac., 9, p. 246, 1858 — type, by orig. desig., Sylvia agilis Wilson. Cinerosa Maynard, Warblers New Engl., Part 5, p. 110, 1904 — type, by orig. desig., Sylvia philadelphica Wilson. Frutiornis Maynard, Directory Bds. East. N. A., Part 9, p. 251, 1907 — type, by monotypy, Sylvia formosa Wilson. *Oporornis formosus (Wilson). KENTUCKY WARBLER. Sylvia formosa Wilson, Amer. Orn., 3, p. 85, pi. 25, fig. 3, 1811 — "in all the intermediate tracts between Nashville and New Orleans, and below that as far as the Balize, or mouths of the Mississippi"; Kentucky accepted as type locality (type in Peale's Museum, evidently lost). Oporornis /ormosus(a) Baird, Rep. Expl. Surv. R. R. Pac., 9, p. 247, 1858 — eastern United States, south to Guatemala; idem, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 218, 1865 — eastern United States, south to Cuba and Panama; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 148, 1881; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 348, 1885 (monog.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 622, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 129, 1907 — Guatemala (Los Amates, Maza- tenango); Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 450, 1922 — Bonda and Don Diego, Colombia; Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 118, 1923— Cuba (Havana and Cojimar); Naumburg, Auk, 43, p. 489, 1926 — Colombia (Santa Marta, Bonda); Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 412, 1931 — Rio Frio, Magdalena, Colombia; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 336, 1932— Guatemala (Chimoxan, San Felipe). Lake, Cariboo District, British Columbia, in Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley, Calif.). It is stated to be even darker above than S. n. notabilis, the color of the dorsal surface being between olivaceous black and dark grayish olive, while the under parts are less yellowish than in S. n. noveboracensis, though more so than in S. n. notabilis. Its breeding range extends from central interior British Columbia to northern British Columbia. Migrants and wintering individuals have been taken in California (Santa Cruz; San Bernardino Mountains), Oregon (Beaver), Lower California (San Jorge, La Paz), and Panama (Puerto Armuelles). 420 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Geothlypis formosa Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 144, 1898 — Santa Marta, Colombia; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 177, 1900— Bonda; idem, Auk, 17, p. 366, 1900— Bonda and Santa Marta. Sylvia aequinoctialis (not Motacilla aequinoctialis Gmelin) Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amer. Sept., 2, p. 26, pi. 81, "1807"— Pennsylvania. Range. — United States from southeastern Nebraska, southern Wisconsin, northern Ohio, western Pennsylvania, and the Hudson Valley south to eastern Texas, Louisiana, southern Alabama, and northern Georgia; winters in Mexico, from Tabasco, Campeche, and Chiapas south through Central America to Panama and northern Colombia (Santa Marta region); accidental in Vermont, Michigan, and Cuba. 25: Illinois (Grand Chain, 2; Henry, 1; Joliet, 1; Mound City, 3; Olive Branch, 1); Missouri (Cliff Cave, 1; Green County, 1); Kansas (Council Grove, 2); Alabama (Greensboro, 1); Mississippi (Holly Springs, 1); Texas (Corpus Christi, 2; Fort Worth, 5; Gaines- ville, 1; Ingram, Kerr County, 2; unspecified, 1). *Oporornis agilis (Wilson). CONNECTICUT WARBLER. Sylvia agilis Wilson, Amer. Orn., 5, p. 64, pi. 39, fig. 4, 1812 — Connecticut and neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (location of type not stated). Oporornis agilis Baird, Rep. Expl. Surv. R. R. Pac., 9, p. 246, 1858 — Carlisle, Philadelphia, and southern Illinois (crit.); idem, Bds. N. Amer., pi. 79, fig. 2, 1860; idem, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 218, 1865— Pennsylvania (Phila- delphia, Carlisle), Virginia (London County), Washington, Wisconsin (Racine), and Illinois (Cook County); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 347, 653, 1885 (monog.); Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 98, 1889— Tonantins, Rio Solimoes, Brazil (Apr. 9, 1884; spec, examined); Bonhote, Ibis, 1899, p. 510 — Nassau, New Providence (Oct. 14); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 625, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 366, 1905 — New Providence, Cay Sal, and Cay Lobos, Bahamas; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 264, 1910 — Allianca, Rio Madeira (Nov. 16, 1907); Hellmayr and Seilern, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 46, 1912— [Cumbre de Valencia], Venezuela (Oct. 10, 1910); Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 153, 1916— Maipures, Rio Orinoco, Venezuela; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 450, 1922— Bonda, Colombia; Naumburg, Auk, 43, p. 489, 1926 — Colombia (Bonda; Oct. 22), Venezuela (Maipures; Apr. 28), and Brazil (Sao Lourengo River; Dec. 26, Jan. 2); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 338, 1930 — Sao Lourengo River, Matto Grosso; Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 411, 1931 — Rio Frio, Magdalena, Colombia (October). Geothlypis agilis Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 177, 1900— Bonda, Colombia (Oct. 22); idem, Auk, 17, p. 366, 1900— same locality. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 421 (?) Trichas tephrocotis Nuttall, Man. Orn. U. S. and Canada, 2nd ed., Land Birds, p. 462, 1840 — New Garden, Chester County, Pennsylvania (type lost, formerly in the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia). Range. — Canadian zone of North America from Alberta and Manitoba to central Minnesota and northern Michigan; migrating through South Carolina, Florida, the Bahamas, Colombia (Bonda and Rio Frio), and Venezuela (Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo; Maipures, Rio Orinoco), and wintering in Brazil (Tonantins, Rio Solim5es, Apr. 9; Allianca, Rio Madeira, Nov. 16; Rio Sao Lourenco, Matto Grosso, Dec. 26, Jan. 2); casual northeast of Massachusetts and in Ontario; accidental in Colorado. 37: Canada (Hamilton, Ontario, 2); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 9; Portage County, 1); Illinois (Beach, Lake County, 2; Chicago, 1; Deerfield, 2; Henry, 1; Joliet, 1; Lake Forest, 1); Massachusetts (Brookline, 1; Cambridge, 4; Concord, 1; Needham, 1; Reading, 1); Connecticut (East Hartford, 3); New Jersey (Englewood, 4); Bahama Islands (Cay Sal, 2). *Oporornis Philadelphia (Wilson). MOURNING WARBLER. Sylvia Philadelphia Wilson, Amer. Orn., 2, p. 101, pi. 14, fig. 6, 1810 — within a few miles of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (location of type not stated, doubtless lost). Geothlypis Philadelphia Baird, Rep. Expl. Surv. R. R. Pac., 9, p. 243, 1858 — Pennsylvania (Carlisle), Illinois, and Missouri (crit.); idem, Bds. N. Amer., pi. 79, fig. 3, 1860; idem, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 226, 1865— eastern United States.to Panama; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 322 — Ocana, Colombia; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 494— Santa Elena and Medellin, Colombia; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 154, 1881 — North and Central America to Colombia; Taczanowski and Berlepsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, p. 74 — Mapoto, Ecuador; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 366, 1885 (monog.); Winge, Medd. Gr0nland, 21, p. 282, 1899 — Greenland (Fiskenaes and Julianehaab) ; Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, p. 105, 1899 — Chirua and La Concepcion, Colombia; Allen, Auk, 17, p. 366, 1900— same localities; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 314— Papallacta, Ecuador. Oporornis Philadelphia Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 628, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 808, 1910— Costa Rica; Ferry, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 276, 1910— Guayabo, Costa Rica; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 546, 1917 — Dabeiba, Salencio, Puerto Berrio, Honda, Chipaque, Buena Vista, and Villavicencio, Colombia; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 449, 1922 — Cincinnati and Dibulla, Santa Marta, Colombia; Todd, Auk, 42, p. 282, 1925— Santa Isabel, Porto Rico (Mar. 21, 1912); Naumburg, I.e., 43, p. 489, 1926 — Colombia (Rio Frio, Villavicencio, Santa Marta region), Venezuela (Escorial), and Ecuador (below Chaco, Oyacachi); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 595, 1926— below 422 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Oyacachi, Ecuador; Wetmore, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Is., 9, p. 525, 1927 — Santa Isabel, Porto Rico; Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 411, 1931 — Rio Frio, Magdalena, Colombia; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 336, 1932 — Guatemala (Panajachel, La Carolina). Range. — Lower Canadian zone of North America from Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and the Magdalen Islands south to Minnesota, Michigan, central Ontario, and the mountains of New York, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and West Virginia; winters from Nicaragua and Costa Rica to western Venezuela (Me*rida region), Colombia, and eastern Ecuador (Mapoto and below Oyacachi) ; accidental in Porto Rico (one record from Santa Isabel) and Greenland (two records). 31: Canada (Hamilton, Ontario, 2); Maine (Lincoln, 1; Upton, 1); Massachusetts (Brookline, 1); New York (Albany, 1; Conquest, 1; Sennett, 1); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 3; Woodruff, Vilas County, 4); Illinois (Beach, Lake County, 2; Chicago, 2; Deerfield, 1; Joliet, 1; Libertyville, 1); Texas (Refugio County, 2); Costa Rica (El Pozo, Rio Terraba, 1; Guayabo, 1; Volcan de Oso, 1) ; Colombia ("Bogota," 1); Venezuela (Colon, Tachira, 2; Encontrados, Zulia, 1). *Oporornis tolmiei (Townsend). MACGILLIVRAY'S WARBLER. Sylvia tolmiei Townsend, Narr. Journ. Rocky Mts., p. 343, April, 1839 — Columbia River = Fort Vancouver, Washington.1 Sylvia macgillivrayi Audubon, Orn. Biog., 5, p. 75 (after May 1), 1839 — Columbia River.2 • Geothlypis macgillivrayi Baird, Rep. Expl. Surv. R. R. Pac., 9, p. 244, 1858 — Pacific United States (crit.); idem, Bds. N. Amer., pi. 99, fig. 4, 1860; idem, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 227, 1865 — western North America to Costa Rica; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 155, 1881 — western North America to Panama (Chiriqui); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 364, 1885 — North and Central America and Colombia (Santa Elena, Bogota). Oporornis tolmiei Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 631, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 807, 1910 — San Jose", Costa Rica; Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 129, 1907 — Guatemala (Lake Amatitlan, Patulul, Lake Atitlan) ; Naumburg, Auk, 43, p. 489, 1926 — Lower California to Colombia; Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 203, 1928— Cape district of Lower California; van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 284, 1931— Sonora (San 1 Cotypes of Townsend are in the United States National Museum, the Acad- emy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. Cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 51, p. 15, 1899, and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 359, 1930. 2 Based on the same specimens that served as types for S. tolmiei Townsend. 1935 * BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 423 Javier, Saric, Chinobampo, Guirocoba); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 336, 1932— Guatemala. Trichas vegeta (ex Lichtenstein MS.) Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, (2), p. 310, end of 1850 — Mexico (type in the Berlin Museum). Range. — Lower Canadian and Transition zones from southeastern Alaska, central British Columbia and Alberta, and southern Saskatch- ewan south to central California, northern Arizona, and northern New Mexico, and from the Pacific coast to the eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains and the Black Hills of South Dakota; wintering from Lower California to Panama and (according to Sharpe) to Colombia; casual in migration to North Dakota, Nebraska, Illinois, Indiana, and Texas. 24: Colorado (Fort Lyon, 4; Hot Sulphur Springs, 3); California (Nicasio, 4; Piute Mountains, Kern County, 1; Sierra City, 1); Arizona (Tucson, 1); Mexico (Iguala, Guerrero, 1; Jalisco, 1); Guatemala (Lake Amatitlan, 1; Lake Atitlan, 2; Patulul, 2) ; Panama (Colon, 2); unspecified, 1. Genus TERETISTRIS Cabanis Teretistris Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 3, p. 476 (in text), 1855 — type, by orig. desig., Anabates fernandinae Lembeye. Terelristis Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 233, 1865 — emendation. *Teretistris fernandinae (Lembeye). FERNANDINA'S WARBLER. Anabates fernandinae Lembeye, Aves Isla de Cuba, p. 66, pi. 5, fig. 2, 1850 — western Cuba (type probably in the Havana Museum) ; Gundlach, Journ. Bost. Soc. N. H., 6, p. 317, 1853 — Cuba (nest and eggs descr.). Teretistris fernandinae Gundlach, Journ. Orn., 3, p. 475, 1855 — Cuba (habits, nest); idem, I.e., 20, p. 418, 1872— Cuba (habits); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 368, pi. 12, fig. 1, 1885— western Cuba (San Cristobal); Cory, Auk, 3, p. 45, 1886— western Cuba (descr.); idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 59, 1889— western Cuba; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 649, 1902 — western Cuba and Isle of Pines (monog.); Bangs and Zappey, Amer. Nat., 39, p. 210, 1905— Isle of Pines (Pasadita and Callebonita) ; Todd, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 10, p. 262, 1916 — Isle of Pines (Siguanea and Los Indies) ; Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 119, 1923 — western Cuba. Teretristis fernandinae Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 234, 1865 — Fermina, Cuba (crit.). Helmitheros blanda Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, (2), p. 314, end of 1850 — Cuba (type in Berlin Museum). Range. — Western part of Cuba, including the Isle of Pines, Greater Antilles. 9: Cuba (western Cuba, 8); Isle of Pines, 1. 424 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII *Teretistris fornsi Gundlach.1 FORNS'S WARBLER. Teretistris fornsi Gundlach, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 6, p. 274, 1858 — eastern part of Cuba (type in coll. of J. Gundlach, probably in the Havana Museum); idem, Journ. Orn., 20, p. 418, 1872 — Cuba (habits); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 368, pi. 12, fig. 2, 1885 — eastern Cuba (Monte Verde); Cory, Auk, 3, p. 45, 1886 — eastern Cuba (descr.); idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 59, 1889— eastern Cuba; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 649, 1902— eastern Cuba (monog.); Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 120, 1923— eastern Cuba; Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 81, art. 2, p. 37, 1932— Rio Gibara, Cuba. Teretristis fornsi Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 235, 1865 — Monte Verde, Cuba (crit.). Range. — Eastern part of the island of Cuba, Greater Antilles. 5: eastern Cuba. Genus LEUCOPEZA Sclater Leucopeza Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1876, p. 14 — type, by monotypy, Leucopeza semperi Sclater. *Leucopeza semperi Sclater. SEMPER'S WARBLER. Leucopeza semperi Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1876, p. 14, pi. 2 — Santa Lucia (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum); Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CL, 5, p. 166, 1880— Santa Lucia; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, pp. 228, 638, 1885— Santa Lucia (monog.); Cory, Ibis, 1886, p. 475 — Santa Lucia; idem, Auk, 3, p. 40, 1886 — Santa Lucia (descr.); idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 54, 1889— Santa Lucia; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 395— Santa Lucia; Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 129, 1889— Port Castries, Santa Lucia; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 651, 1902— Santa Lucia (monog., full bibliog.). Range. — Island of Santa Lucia, Lesser Antilles. 6: Santa Lucia. Genus MICROLIGEA Cory Ligea (not of Dybowski, 1876) Cory, Auk, 1, p. 1, 1884 — type, by orig. desig., Ligea palustris Cory. Ligia (not of Fabricius, 1798, nor Dupr6, 1829) Cory, Bds. Haiti and San Dom., p. 38, March, 1884 — emendation of Ligea Cory. Microligea Cory, Auk, 1, p. 290, 1884 — new name for Ligea Cory, preoccupied. *Microligea palustris palustris (Cory). HISPANIOLAN GROUND WARBLER. Ligea palustris Cory, Auk, 1, p. 1, pi. 1, 1884 — Santo Domingo (type in coll. of C. B. Cory, now in Field Museum); idem, Bds. Haiti and San Dom., p. 38, March, 1884 — Almercen, Santo Domingo. 1 Although in habits and actions it is stated to resemble its western ally, this bird seems too different to be regarded as conspecific with T. fernandinae. Moreover, the exact limits of its range have yet to be determined. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 425 Microligea palustris Cory, Auk, 1, p. 290, 1884; idem, Auk, 3, p. 44, 1886— Santo Domingo (descr.); idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 58, 1889 — Santo Domingo; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 652, 1902— Haiti (monog.); Verrill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 61, p. 365, 1909— El Valle; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 37, p. 331, 1917 — Loma Tina and Loma Rucilla; Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 513, 1928— Morne La Selle, Crete a Piquant, Morne Tranchant, and Morne Brouet, Haiti (habits) ; Moltoni, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., 68, p. 324, 1929— Sitio la Maguana; Wetmore and Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 394, 1931— Hispaniola (monog.). Ligia palustris Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 349, 1885 — Santo Domingo. Microligia palustris Cherrie, Field Columb. Mus., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 12, 1896 — Santo Domingo City and Honduras, Santo Domingo (habits). Range. — Island of Haiti, Greater Antilles. 12: Dominican Republic (Almercen, 6; Santo Domingo City, 4; Honduras, 2). Microligea palustris vasta Wetmore and Lincoln.1 BEATA ISLAND GROUND WARBLER. Microligea palustris vasta Wetmore and Lincoln, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 44, p. 121, 1931 — Beata Island, Dominican Republic (type in U. S. National Museum). Microligea palustris (not of Cory) Wetmore and Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 394, 1931— part, spec, from Trujm. Range. — Beata Island, and parts of the Barahona Peninsula, Dominican Republic, island of Haiti, Greater Antilles. *Microligea montana Chapman.2 CHAPMAN'S GROUND WARBLER. Microligea montana Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 37, p. 330, 1917 — Mount Tina, Prov. de Azua, Dominican Republic (type in Brewster- Sanford Collection, in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 513, 1928— Morne Malanga, Morne Tranchant, and Massif de la Selle (habits, nest and eggs descr.); Moltoni, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., 68, p. 324, 1929— Monte 1 Microligea palustris vasta Wetmore and Lincoln: "Similar to M. p. palustris, but decidedly paler both above and below; under surface with white of breast and abdomen more extensive; sides and flanks distinctly lighter; gray of crown and hind neck paler; green of back, rump, and wing lighter; slightly smaller. Wing, 60.3-66.4; tail, 51.5-65; culmen (from base), 13.9-15.3; females, wing, 56.1-67.8; tail, 58-64.5; culmen, 14-15.4." (Wetmore and Lincoln, I.e.). 2 Microligea montana Chapman: Similar to M, p. palustris, but with heavier, stouter bill; plumage of a firmer, less fluffy texture; distinct supraloral streak white; outer webs of second to fifth primaries white, forming a conspicuous longi- tudinal stripe on the wing; upper tail coverts slate gray; rectrices dusky edged with slate gray, the lateral ones with a white apical spot; under parts nearly pure white. Wing, 67-69; tail, 66-70; bill, 13^-15. This bird is evidently quite distinct specifically, being found side by side with M. p. palustris where the latter penetrates the highlands. 426 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Viejo; Wetmore and Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 396, pi. 25, 1931 — highlands of Hispaniola. Range. — Highlands of Haiti, Greater Antilles. 2: Santo Domingo (Mount Tina, 2). Genus GEOTHLYPIS Cabanis Trichas (not of Gloger, March, 1827) Swainson, Phil. Mag., (n.s.), 1, No. 6, p. 433, June, 1827 — type, by monotypy, Trichas personatus Swainson= Turdus trichas Linnaeus. Geothlypis Cabanis, Arch. Naturg., 13, (1), p. 316, 1847 — new name for Trichas Swainson, preoccupied. *Geothlypis trichas brachidactyla (Swainson). NORTHERN YELLOW-THROAT. Trichas brachidactyliis Swainson, Anim. Menag., p. 295, Dec. 31, 1837 — "the northern provinces of the United States" (location of type not stated). Geothlypis restricta Maynard, Amer. Exchange and Mart, Jan. 15, p. 33, 1887 — "Bahamas" (type from Nassau, New Providence, in coll. of C. J. Maynard, later in coll. of G. S. Miller,1 now in the British Museum); Bangs, Auk, 17, p. 289, 1900— Nassau, Hog Island, and Salt Key (crit.). Geothlypis trichas brachidactyla Palmer, Auk, 17, pp. 221, 222, 1900 (crit., range); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 664, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 367, 1905— Bahamas; Oberholser, Auk, 34, p. 324, 1917 (crit., range); Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 129, 1907 — Guatemala (winter); Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 86, 1911 — Tamaulipas (Matamoros, San Fernando, Altamira, Rio Cruz); Peters, Auk, 30, p. 378, 1913 — Camp Mengel and Xcopen, Quintana Roo; Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 120, 1923— Cuba; Wetmore, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Is., 9, p. 525, 1927— Porto Rico; Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, p. 464, 1929 — eastern Hon- duras; Wetmore and Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 398, 1931— His- paniola; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 337, 1932 — Guatemala. Range. — Eastern North America from Newfoundland, southern Labrador, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Maine south to northern Pennsylvania, southern New York, and northern New Jersey, and west to Ontario and North Dakota; winters in the Bahamas, Greater Antilles, and through eastern Mexico to Guate- mala, Honduras, and (rarely) Costa Rica; accidental in Tobago (one record). 167: Maine (Brewer, 3; Upton, 1); Massachusetts (Dedham, 1); Connecticut (East Hartford, 25); New York (Auburn, 1; Shelter Island, 1); Indiana (Bluff ton, 1; unspecified, 1); Illinois (Chicago, 7; Deering, 3; Grand Chain, 12; Henry, 6; Joliet, 2; Lake Forest, 5; > Cf. Palmer, Auk, 17, p. 224, 1900. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 427 Libertyville, 1; Mound City, 3; Olive Branch, 6); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 20); Florida (Gainesville, 1; Key West, 3; New River, 1; West Jupiter, 3); West Indies (Great Bahama, 4; Abaco, 4; Bimini, 2; Berry, 1; Nassau, New Providence, 1; Eleuthera, 7; Inagua, 1; Cayman Brae, 3; Jamaica, 8; Haiti, 1; Anguilla, 2); Mexico (Tam- pico, 2; Teapa, Tabasco, 2; Yucatan, Mugeres Island, 1; Holbox Island, 1 ; unspecified, 6) ; Guatemala (Lake Amatitlan, 2; LakeAtitlan, 1; Los Amates, Izabel, 5; Mazatenango, 2; San Jose", Escuintla, 1); Nicaragua (San Geronimo, 2); Costa Rica (Guayabo, 1). *Geothlypis trichas trichas (Linnaeus). MARYLAND YELLOW- THROAT. Turdus trichas Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 293, 1766 — based mainly on "The Maryland Yellow-throat" Edwards, Glean. Nat. Hist., 1, p. 56, pi. 237, lower fig.; Carolina. Sylvia marilandica Wilson, Amer. Orn., 1, p. 88, pi. 6, fig. 1 (=male), 1808; idem, I.e., 2, p. 163, pi. 18, fig. 4 (=female), 1809— United States from Maine to Florida and Louisiana (no type extant).1 Regulus (?) mystaceus Stephens, in Shaw, Gen. Zool., 13, (2), p. 232, 1825 — • new name for Sylvia trichas Stephens (in Shaw, Gen. Zool., 10, [2], p. 682, 1817) = Turdus trichas Linnaeus. Trichas personatus Swainson, Phil. Mag., (n.s.), 1, No. 6, p. 433, June, 1827 — new name for Sylvia marilandica Wilson, Amer. Orn., 1, pi. 6, fig. 1. Geothlypis trichas Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 351, 1885 (monog., in part); Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 366, 1905 — Bahamas. Geothlypis trichas trichas Palmer, Auk, 17, p. 220, 1900 (crit.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 661, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 447, 1922 — Paramo de Chiruqua, Colombia (Apr. 21); Wetmore and Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 397, 1931 — Hispaniola (winter visitant). Range. — Southern United States from southern Pennsylvania south to northwestern Georgia, western Alabama and eastern Texas; winters from North Carolina and Louisiana to Florida, the Bahamas, and Haiti, casually in Pennsylvania and New Jersey; accidental in Colombia (Paramo de Chiruqua). 128: New Jersey (Englewood, 1); Ohio (Columbus, 3); Tennessee (Waverly, 1); Mississippi (Holly Springs, 9; Vicksburg, 9); Louisiana (Chef Menteur, 3; Knoxville, 1; New Orleans, 9); Texas (Corpus Christi, 3; Fort Worth, 1); Florida (Enterprise, 1; Gainesville, 2; 1 Sylvia pumilia Vieillot (Hist. Nat. Ois. Ame'r. Sept., 2, p. 39, pi. 100, "1807" [71808]), from "Jamaique, Saint-Domingue, Caienne, ainsi qu'a la Caroline ou elle niche et passe I'e'te'," may be a female of some Geothlypis, but unless the type can be found in the Paris Museum, this bird will always remain in doubt, as the author evidently comprised several species under that heading. Description and plate afford no clew as to its identification. 428 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Georgiana, 1; Key West, 3; Miakka, Manatee County, 1; Palm Beach, 3; West Jupiter, 5) ; West Indies (Great Bahama, 7; Abaco, 8; Bimini, 3; Berry, 6; Nassau, New Providence, 4; Andros, 2; Eleuthera, 7; Inagua, 1; Grand Cayman, 1; Santo Domingo, 33). *Geothlypis trichas typhicola Burleigh.1 ATHENS YELLOW- THROAT. Geothlypis trichas typhicola Burleigh, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 47, p. 21, 1934 — Athens, Georgia (type in U. S. National Museum). Range. — Central and southeastern Alabama, Georgia (excepting the extreme northwestern corner), South Carolina, North Carolina, and southeastern Virginia (Dismal Swamp). 4: South Carolina (Mount Pleasant, 2); Georgia (Montezuma, 2). *Geothlypis trichas ignota Chapman. FLORIDA YELLOW-THROAT. Geothlypis trichas ignota Chapman, Auk, 7, p. 11, 1890 — Tarpon Springs, Florida (cotypes in coll. of W. E. D. Scott, now in Museum of Compara- tive Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 360, 1930); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 667, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.). Geothlypis trichas roscoe (not Sylvia roscoe Audubon?2) Palmer, Auk, 17, pp. 221, 222, 1900 (crit., range). Range. — Florida and the Gulf coast of Louisiana. 32: Florida (Gainesville, 1; Key West, 2; Mary Esther, 3; Nassau County, 7; New Berlin, 1; Palm Beach, 5; Puntarasa, 2; Santa Rosa Island, 1; West Jupiter, 5; Wilson, 5). *Geothlypis trichas occidentalis Brewster. WESTERN YELLOW- THROAT. Geothlypis trichas occidentalis Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 159, July, 1883 — Truckee River, Nevada (type in coll. of W. Brewster, now in Mu- seum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. 1 Geothlypis trichas typhicola Burleigh: Nearest toG. t. trichas, but with longer wing and tail, more brownish upper parts, darker flanks, and more extensively yellowish under parts. Wing, 55, (female) 50; tail, 56, (female) 50; bill, 10-10^. From G. t. ignota it is distinguishable by its distinctly smaller bill and less brownish upper parts, and from G. t. brachidactyla by its more brownish upper surface, duller gray crown patch, smaller bill, and longer tail. On the coast of North Carolina it intergrades with G. t. trichas, while specimens from extreme southern Georgia and southeastern Alabama approach G. t. ignota in the larger size of the bill (Burleigh, I.e.). 2 Sylvia roscoe Audubon (Orn. Biog., 1, p. 124, 1831 — "not far from the River Mississippi, Mississippi") based on an immature male shot in September, 1821, seems to be unidentifiable. The type, if there ever was one, has disappeared, and from Chapman's investigations it results that the Mississippi Valley bird is not properly separable from G. t. trichas. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 429 Comp. ZooL, 70, p. 360, 1930); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 668, 1902 — part, excl. southern California, Lower California (breeding records), and Chihuahua (full bibliog.); Swarth, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 10, pp. 71, 72, 1912— Vancouver Island (crit., range); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. ZooL, 32, p. 203, 1928— Lower California (winter visitant); van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 285, 1931 — Tecoripa, Tesia, and Guirocoba, Sonora (spring migrant); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 337, 1932— Guatemala (Ojos and Panajachel). Geothlypis trichas arizela Oberholser, Auk, 16, p. 257, 1899 — Fort Steilacoom, Washington (type in U. S. National Museum); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 670, 1902— part, excl. southern California. Range. — Western North America from extreme southeastern Alaska, central British Columbia, and Vancouver Island, central Alberta, and the western portion of the Great Plains (South Dakota and Texas) south to south-central California and southern Nevada; winters through Lower California, in western Mexico to Nayarit, and even in western Guatemala (Ojos and Panajachel).1 25: British Columbia (Okanagan, 2); Washington (Prescott, 1); North Dakota (Carrington, 1) ; Nevada (Truckee River, 1) ; Colorado (Colorado Springs, 1; Fort Lyon, 4); Arizona (Calabasas, 4; Fair- banks, 3; Tucson, 1); New Mexico (Mimbres, 3); Texas (Cameron County, 1; Harlingen, 1); Lower California (unspecified, 2). *Geothlypis trichas sinuosa Grinnell.2 SALT MARSH YELLOW- THROAT. Geothlypis trichas sinuosa Grinnell, Condor, 3, p. 65, 1901 — Palo Alto, Cali- fornia (type in coll. of J. Grinnell, now in Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley; cf. Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 300, 1932); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 672, 1902— salt marshes about San Francisco Bay, California. Range. — Coast belt of California from San Francisco Bay south to San Luis Obispo County; casual in winter south to Orange County. 1: California (Elmhurst, 1). *Geothlypis trichas scirpicola Grinnell.3 TULE YELLOW-THROAT. 1 According to the researches of Swarth (Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 10, pp. 71- 73, 1912) and Grinnell (I.e., 12, p. 202, 1914), the alleged Pacific coast race (G. i. arizela) cannot be maintained. 2 Geothlypis trichas sinuosa Grinnell : Similar to G. t. occidentalis, but considerably smaller, and coloration both above and below somewhat darker; in coloration much like G. t. modesta, but slightly more olive with decidedly smaller bill. Wing (adult male), 50-54; tail, 45-50; bill, 10-11. 3 Geothlypis trichas scirpicola Grinnell: Similar to G. t. occidentalis, but distin- guished by larger bill and brighter coloration; yellow of throat and breast brighter, extending over the entire abdomen and sometimes tinging the flanks; whitish posterior margin to black facial mask not sharply defined, but frequently carried backward over the whole crown and to the nape (Swarth, I.e.). 430 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Geothlypis trichas scirpicola Grinnell, Condor, 3, p. 65, 1901 — El Monte, Los Angeles County, California (type in coll. of J. Grinnell, now in Mu- seum of Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley; cf. Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 300, 1932); Swarth, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 10, p. 72, 1912— part, southern California (crit.); Grinnell, I.e., 12, p. 202, 1914 — lower Colorado Valley, California (crit.); idem, I.e., 32, p. 203, 1928— northern Lower California; van Rossem, Condor, 32, p. 297 (in text), 1930 (range). Geothlypis trichas occidentalis (not of Brewster) Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 668, 1902 — part, southern California and northern Lower California. Geothlypis trichas arizela (not of Oberholser) Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 670, 1902 — part, Los Angeles County, California. Range. — Fresh-water marshes of southern California (Los Angeles, Orange, and San Diego counties north to Santa Barbara and the South Fork River) and in the Colorado River drainage east to Washington County, Utah, and up the Gila and Santa Cruz rivers at least to Tucson, Arizona, also on the western side of Lower California to latitude 30° (apparently resident). 10: California (Alameda, 1; Cienega, Los Angeles County, 1; Colton, San Bernardino County, 1; Corona, 2; Marysville, 2; Playa del Rey, Los Angeles County, 1; San Jose", 2). Geothlypis trichas insperata van Tyne.1 BROWNSVILLE YELLOW- THROAT. Geothlypis trichas insperata van Tyne, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 255, p. 3, Feb., 1933— Rio Grande Delta below Brownsville, Texas (type in University of Michigan Museum of Zoology). Range. — Rio Grande Delta below Brownsville, Texas. Geothlypis trichas chryseola van Rossem.2 SONORAN YELLOW- THROAT. 1 Geothlypis trichas insperata van Tyne: Similar to G. t. trichas, but bill larger; forehead more whitish and general coloration paler. Compared with G. t. occi- dentalis, it is smaller (wing of male 53-56 instead of 55-60), but has a larger bill, more whitish belly and flanks, and less extensively white forehead. From G. t. brachidactyla it may be separated by paler coloration and shorter wings, and its bill is larger even than in that race. The ninth primary, inG. t. insperata, is shorter than the fourth instead of being longer as in G. t. brachidactyla. In proportion of the ninth primary it resembles G. t. ignota, but is much paler and has a much larger bill, the last-named character being sufficient to distinguish G. t. insperata from the Pacific coast forms. From G. t. melanops the new form differs by being much smaller and more whitish on the belly. Male: wing, 53-56; tail, 48-53 (van Tyne, I.e.). J Geothlypis trichas chryseola van Rossem: Nearest toG. /. melanops, but smaller and coloration lighter as well as brighter; yellow of under parts more intense, and green of upper surface more yellowish, less olive; similar also to G. I. scirpicola, but more brightly colored, the lower parts particularly so with less grayish suffusion on the flanks, and the post-frontal white band in the males wider and noticeably 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYB 431 Geothlypis trichas chryseola van Rossem, Condor, 32, p. 298, 1930 — Saric, Sonora (type in coll. of Donald R. Dickey, Pasadena); idem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 285, 1931 — Saric and Tecoripa, Sonora. Geothlypis trichas occidentalis (not of Brewster) Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 668, 1902— part, San Diego, Chihuahua. Geothlypis trichas scirpicola (not of Grinnell) Swarth, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 10, p. 72, 1912 — part, San Pedro River, Cochise County, Arizona (crit.); idem, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 18, p. 339, 1929— San Pedro River. Range. — Northwestern Mexico, in north-central Sonora and northern Chihuahua (San Diego), north to the San Pedro River in Cochise County, Arizona. Geothlypis trichas modesta Nelson.1 SAN BLAS YELLOW-THROAT. Geothlypis trichas modestus Nelson, Auk, 17, p. 269, 1900 — San Bias, Tepic [=Nayarit], Mexico (type in U. S. National Museum). Geothlypis trichas modesta Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 672, 1902 (monog., bibliog.); McLellan, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 16, p. 43, 1927— San Bias, Nayarit; van Rossem, Condor, 32, p. 298, 1930 — southern Sonora and Lower California (Magdalena Bay and San Jose" Island); idem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 285, 1931— Sonora (Guasimas Lagoon, Empalme, T6bari Bay, Te"sia, Obregon, Agiabampo). Range. — Western Mexico, from southern Sonora (vicinity of Guaymas) south through Sinaloa, Nayarit, and Jalisco, to Colima;2 accidental in southern Lower California (Magdalena Bay and San Jose' Island; March). *Geothlypis trichas melanops Baird. JALAPA YELLOW-THROAT. Geothlypis melanops Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 222, Apr., 1865 — Mexico, probably Jalapa, Vera Cruz (type in U. S. National Museum); Salvin, Ibis, 1872, p. 149 (footnote) — Mexico (descr. of female) ; Salvin and God- man, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 151, 1881 — Mexico; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 355, pi. 9, fig. 2, 1885— near Mexico City and Jalapa. Geothlypis trichas melanops Palmer, Auk, 17, p. 222, 1900 — eastern Mexico (crit.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 673, 1902— eastern Mexico (monog., bibliog.). tinged with yellow. Wing (average of adult male), 55 1A; tail, 53 H; bill, 11-12 (van Rossem, I.e.). Birds from the San Pedro River, Arizona, while intermediate to scirpicola, are regarded by van Rossem as more properly referable to his new Sonoran race. 1 Geothlypis trichas modesta Nelson: Very much like G. t. sinuosa, but slightly grayer (less olive), tail longer, and bill decidedly larger (van Rossem, I.e.). Birds from southern Sonora are stated by van Rossem to be intermediate to G. t. chryseola, though nearer to G. t. modesta. 2 In the absence of satisfactory material it must remain an open question whether the yellow-throat breeding in Guanajuato, Tlaxcala, and Puebla belongs with G. t. modesta or G. t. melanops. 432 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Range. — Eastern Mexico, in states of Vera Cruz (Jalapa), Oaxaca, and Mexico (valley of Mexico).1 1: Mexico (unspecified, 1). Geothlypis beldingi goldmani Oberholser.2 GOLDMAN'S YELLOW- THROAT. Geothlypis beldingi goldmani Oberholser, Condor, 19, No. 6, p. 183, Dec., 1917 — San Ignacio, Lower California (type in U. S. National Museum); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 204, 1928— Lower California (from Comondu to San Ignacio). Geothlypis beldingi (not of Ridgway) Bryant, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (2), 2, p. 20, 1889 — Comondu (breeding; nest, eggs, and young descr.); idem, I.e., p. 310, 1889 — Comondu, lower Purlsima Canon, and San Ignacio; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 679, 1902— part, Comondu. Range. — Middle Lower California from latitude 26° to 28°; accidental (in winter) in the Cape San Lucas region (San Jos6 del Cabo, Jan. 21, 1883). *Geothlypis beldingi beldingi Ridgway. BELDING'S YELLOW- THROAT. Geothlypis beldingi Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5, p. 344, Sept., 1882 — San Jos6 del Cabo, Lower California (type in U. S. National Museum); Belding, I.e., 5, p. 546, 1883 — San Jos6, Miraflores, Agua Caliente, and canyons of Miraflores and Santiago peaks; Bryant, Zoe, 2, p. 192, 1891 — San Jos6 del Cabo; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 679, 1902 — part, Cape San Lucas district (San Jose, La Paz); Brewster, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 41, p. 187, 1902 — Cape region (plumages); Townsend, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 48, p. 23 1923— San Jos6 del Cabo and Miraflores. Geothlypis beldingi beldingi Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 205, 1928 — Cape district of Lower California. Range. — Cape district of Lower California. 8: Lower California (Todos Santos, 4; unspecified, 4). 1 The range of this form is very little known and may be much more extensive than here indicated. The five specimens examined, except one from Jalapa, all lack definite localities, being simply marked "Mexico." 2 Geothlypis beldingi goldmani Oberholser: Similar to G. b. beldingi, but male, with the upper surface much duller, more brownish or grayish (less yellowish) throughout; crown behind the black mask largely or wholly grayish or whitish instead of yellow; yellow of under parts somewhat lighter and confined to throat and breast; lower abdomen white or whitish, instead of mainly deep yellow, as inG. 6. beldingi; sides and flanks paler and more grayish; female with upper parts and sides of the head paler, more grayish; yellow of under parts paler and confined to throat and chest, the abdomen being dull whitish, slightly or not at all washed with yellowish; sides and flanks more grayish. Birds from Comondu tend in the direction of G. b. beldingi (Oberholser, I.e.). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 433 Geothlypis flavovelata Ridgway.1 ALTAMIRA YELLOW-THROAT. Geothlypis flavovelatus Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18, p. 119, 1896 — Altamira, near Tampico, Tamaulipas (type in U. S. National Museum); Richmond, I.e., 18, p. 631, 1896— Altamira. Geothlypis flavovelata Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 680, 1902— Altamira. Geothlypis flaviceps Nelson, Auk, 16, p. 31, 1899 — Altamira, near Tampico, Tamaulipas (type in U. S. National Museum) ; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 680, 1902— Altamira; Todd, Auk, 28, p. 247 (note), 1911 (crit.). Range. — Marshes along coast lagoons near Tampico in southern Tamaulipas and northern Vera Cruz, eastern Mexico. Geothlypis chapalensis Nelson.2 CHAPALA YELLOW-THROAT. Geothlypis chapalensis Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16, p. 156, 1903 — Ocotlan, Jalisco, Mexico (type in U. S. National Museum). Range. — Fresh-water marshes along lower Lerma River and eastern border of Lake Chapala (from near La Barca to Ocotlan) in State of Jalisco, western Mexico. *Geothlypis rostrata3 rostrata Bryant. BRYANT'S YELLOW- THROAT. Geothlypis rostratus Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 11, p. 67, 1867 — Nassau, New Providence (cotypes in U. S. National Museum and Museum of 1 Geothlypis flavovelata Ridgway seems to be nearly related to G. beldingi, but to differ by much smaller size. It was originally based on a single male ob- tained in winter (December). Specimens secured in April and May at Altamira were separated as G. flaviceps, but the describer now admits that the names are synonymous. Not having met with the species, I am unable to say anything definite on its relationship and rank. 2 Geothlypis chapalensis Nelson: "Pattern of coloration as in G. melanops, but black mask extends higher up on forehead; light area bordering black mask yellow; upper parts olive green; under parts richer yellow; culmen, tail, and tarsus longer. In fresh plumage the brown on crown and nape hides the basal yellow of the feathers, but as the plumage becomes worn the brown gradually disappears, and the yellow band on crown broadens until in one of our series of eleven specimens the crown and nape are entirely yellow (much as in G. flaviceps)" (Nelson, I.e.). From this account it results that G. chapalensis has no relation to the G. trichas group (of which G. melanops is a member), but clearly belongs in the vicinity of G. flavovelata. The chief difference separating it from the latter appears to be its larger size (wing, 61 against 51-56; tail, 63 against 49-53), but whether there are any other points of distinction I am unable to say for lack of material. 3 The affinities of the Bahaman group of yellow-throats need more thorough investigation than I can at present bestow on the subject, though I feel inclined to agree with Mr. Todd that G. rostrata is possibly more nearly related to the Mexican "species" (G. beldingi, G. flavovelata, andG. chapalensis) than to the North American G. trichas. Yet without a better understanding of the Mexican repre- sentatives of the genus further speculations as to its probable origin seem, to say the least, futile. 434 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 360, 1930); Cory, Bds. Bahama Is., p. 73, 1880— New Provi- dence; idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 156, 1892 — New Providence and Andrbs (crit.); Bonhote, Ibis, 1899, p. 510— Nassau (crit.). Geothlypis trichas var. rostrata Ridgway, Amer. Journ. Sci., 4, 'p. 458, 1872 — New Providence (diag.); idem, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 296, 1874— New Providence. Geothlypis rostrata Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 355, 1885 — Bahamas (ex Cory); Cory, Auk, 3, p. 43, 1886 — New Providence (descr.); idem, Bds. West Ind., p. 57, 1889 — New Providence; Northrop and Allen, Auk, 8, p. 68, 1891— Andros (crit.); Ridgway, Auk, 8, p. 335, 1891— New Providence; Bangs, Auk, 17, p. 290, 1900 — Nassau (crit.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 674, 1902— New Providence (monog.); Bonhote, Ibis, 1903, p. 283— Nassau (crit.); Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 367, 1905 — New Providence. Geothlypis roslrata rostrata Todd, Auk, 28, pp. 246, 247, 1911— New Providence and Andros (crit., synon.); idem and Worthington, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 7, pp. 438, 462, 1911— New Providence (Blue Hills) and Andros (Staniard Creek) (crit., habits). Geothlypis maynardi Bangs, Auk, 17, p. 290, 1900 — Nassau, New Providence (type in coll. of E. A. and 0. Bangs, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 360, 1930); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 676, 1902— New Providence (monog.) ; Riley, Auk, 22, p. 358, 1905 — New Providence; idem, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 367, 1905 — New Providence. Geothlypis exigua Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 677, 1902— Fresh Creek, Andros (type in coll. of G. S. Miller, Jr., now in British Museum); Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 367, 1905 — Andros. Geothlypis flavida Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 678, 1902— Nassau, New Providence (type in coll. of G. S. Miller, Jr., now in British Museum); Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 367, 1905 — New Providence and Andros. Geothlypis coryi (not of Ridgway) Bangs, Auk, 17, p. 291, 1900 — Nassau, New Providence (one spec., July 7, 1897; crit.). Range. — Islands of New Providence and Andros, Bahamas.1 24: Bahamas (New Providence, 17; Andros, 7). 1 There is considerable divergency among ornithologists as to the significance of certain variations observable in specimens from the same island. While Ridgway distinguished not less than three "species" occurring side by side on the island of New Providence, Mr. Todd, in a very able paper, came to the conclusion that the differences are wholly due to age and wear, thus supporting Bonhote's conten- tion that there was only one yellow-throat found on any one island. Upon independent investigation of the problem I can but fully sustain this view in spite of Mr. Bangs's subsequent objections. The birds with bright yellowish olive back and deep yellow under parts (G. maynardi) appear to represent the fully adult plumage, those with duller greenish dorsal surface, paler yellow under parts, and more or less buffy flanks (G. rostrata) the first annual plumage. The type of G. flavida, which we have examined in the British Museum, is certainly 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 435 *Geothlypis rostrata tanneri Ridgway.1 TANNER'S YELLOW- THROAT. Geothlypis tanneri Ridgway, Auk, 3, p. 335, 1886 — Abaco Island, Bahamas (type in U. S. National Museum) ; Jennings, Johns Hopkins Univ. Circulars, 7, No. 63, p. 39, 1888— Joe's Cay, Little Abaco; Cory, Bds. West Ind., p. 287, 1889— Abaco (ex Ridgway); idem, Auk, 8, p. 297, 1891— Abaco; Ridgway, Auk, 8, p. 334, 1891— Abaco; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 676, 1902 — Abaco and (?) Great Bahama (monog.); Bonhote, Ibis, 1903, p. 285— Little Abaco (crit.); Allen, Auk, 22, p. 131, 1905— Great Bahama, Moraine Cay, Abaco, and Elbow Cay; Riley, Auk, 22, p. 358, 1905 — Abaco; idem, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 367, 1905 — Abaco, Little Abaco(?), and Great Bahama(?). Geothlypis restrains tanneri Cory, Auk, 8, p. 350, 1891 — Great Bahama and Abaco. Geothlypis rostrata tanneri Todd, Auk, 28, pp. 246, 250, 1911 — Abaco, Moraine Cay, Great Bahama, and Little Abaco (crit.); idem and Worthington, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 7, pp. 438, 462, 1911— Abaco (crit., habits). Geothlypis incompta Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 677, 1902 — Abaco (type in U. S. National Museum); Riley, Auk, 22, p. 359, 1905 — Abaco; idem, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 367, 1905 — Abaco. Range. — Islands of Great Bahama, Moraine Cay, Little Abaco, Abaco, and Elbow Cay, Bahamas. 14: Bahamas (Great Bahama, 11; Abaco, 3). *Geothlypis rostrata coryi Ridgway.2 CORY'S YELLOW-THROAT. Geothlypis coryi Ridgway, Auk, 3, p. 334, 1886 — Eleuthera Island, Bahamas (type in U. S. National Museum); idem, Auk, 8, p. 336, 1891— Eleuthera; Cory, Auk, 8, p. 351, 1891— Eleuthera; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., nothing but an unusually brightly colored individual of the New Providence form, verging somewhat in the direction of G. r. tanneri. Birds from Andros (G. exigua), when compared with those from New Provi- dence, average slightly smaller and have generally, though not constantly, shorter bills, but whether this insignificant variation deserves nomenclatural recognition remains to be substantiated by more adequate material. 1 Geothlypis rostrata tanneri Ridgway: Closely similar to G. r. rostrata, but adult males with crown more greenish (less suffused with grayish) ; superciliary streak decidedly yellow; back and flanks more brownish (less greenish) olive. In this form again two color types exist, the one with duller upper parts, paler yellow lower surface, and buffy grayish brown flanks (G. incompta) corresponding to "G. rostrata" in the New Providence population, considered to represent the first annual plumage. Birds from Great Bahama seem to be exactly like those from Abaco. 2 Geothlypis rostrata coryi Ridgway: Nearest to G. r. tanneri, but even more brightly colored; crown decidedly yellowish green without any trace of gray; superciliary streak bright yellow; back fresh yellowish green; flanks greenish yellow (as in "G. maynardi"), That the dull-colored, buff-bellied stage has not yet been found on Eleuthera is very likely due to the fact that so few specimens from that island exist in collections. 436 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 50, Part 2, p. 677, 1902— Eleuthera (monog.); Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 367, 1905— Eleuthera. Geothlypis rostrata coryi Todd, Auk, 28, pp. 246, 252, 1911— Eleuthera (crit.). Range. — Island of Eleuthera, Bahamas. 6: Bahamas (Eleuthera, 6). *Geothlypis aequinoctialis velata (Vieillot). DUFRESNE'S MASKED YELLOW-THROAT. Sylvia velata Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amer. Sept., 2, p. 22, pi. 74, "1807"— no locality indicated1 (type in coll. of M. Dufresne, now in Edinburgh Museum; cf. Stenhouse, Nov. Zool., 35, p. 271, 1930); Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 20, 1837— Brazil and Bolivia; d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Merid., Ois., p. 217, "1838"— Rio de Janeiro, Corrientes, and Chiquitos, Bolivia (spec, in Paris Museum examined). Sylvia trichas (not Turdus trichas Linnaeus) Wied, Reise Bras., 1, p. 297, 1830 — Caravellas to Rio Grande del Belmonte, Bahia. Sylvia canicapilla (not Tanagra canicapilla Swainson) Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), p. 701, 1831— eastern Brazil. Geothlypis canicapilla Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 115, 1885 — Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul; Stempelmann and Schulz, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, 10, p. 398, 1890— Cordoba. Trichas velata Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 115, 1856 — Nova Friburgo, Rio, and Congonhas, Minas Geraes; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 71, 1868 — part, Rio de Janeiro, Ypanema, Cimeterio, Itarare", Rio Parana, and Curytiba (spec, examined); Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 445 — Minas Geraes (Sete Lag6as, Uberaba, Lagoa Santa). Geothlypis velata Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 223, 1865 — Bahia and Santa Catharina (monog.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 139 — Conchitas, Buenos Aires; Pelzeln, Nunq. Otios., 2, p. 291, 1874— Nova Friburgo; Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 82, 1874 — Cantagallo; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1876, p. 16 — Huiro and Maranura, Peru; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 594— Chiquitos, Bolivia; White, I.e., 1882, p. 594— Oran, Salta; Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CL, 8, p. 87, 1883— Conception del Uruguay, Entre Rios; Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 469, 1884— Huiro and Maranura; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 363, pi. 9, fig. 5, 1885 (monog.); Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 1, p. 20, 1888— Argentina; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 3, p. 344, 1891— CorumM and Chapada, Matto Grosso; Kerr, Ibis, 1892, p. 123 — Fortin Page, lower Pilcomayo; Aplin, Ibis, 1894, p. 165 — Santa Ana, Uruguay; Salvador!, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 4, 1897— Aguairenda and Caiza, Bolivian Chaco; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 117, 1899 — Rio Grande do Sul (Mundo Novo, Sao Lourenco); idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 134, 1899 — Sao Paulo (Ypiranga, Iguape); idem, I.e., 4, p. 152, 1900 — Cantagallo and Nova Friburgo; Euler, I.e., 4, p. 14, 1 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, has been suggested as type locality by Mrs. Naumburg (Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 339, 1930). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 437 1900 (nest descr.); Kerr, Ibis, 1901, p. 223 — Concepcion Island, Paraguay; Lonnberg, Ibis, 1903, p. 470 — Fortin Creveaux, Bolivian Chaco; Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 173, 1902 — Tucuman; idem, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, p. 40, 1905— Tucuman; Baer, Ornis, 12, p. 214, 1904 — Santa Ana and Criolla, Tucuman; Chubb, Ibis, 1910, p. 617 — Sapucay, Paraguay; Grant, Ibis, 1911, p. 88 — Paraguay (Puerto Pinasco, Curuzu Chica) and Corrientes (Bella Vista). Geothlypis aequinoctialis (not Motadlla aequinoctialis Gmelin) Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 6— Chirimoto, Peru. Geothlypis cucullata (not Sylvia cucullata Latham1) Richmond, Auk, 17, p. 179, 1900 (crit.). Geothlypis aequinoctialis cucullata Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 332, 1907 — Sao Paulo (Ypiranga, Iguape, Sao Sebastiao, Itapura, Ubatuba, Rio Feio, Itarare, Avanhandava), Minas Geraes (Marianna), and Argentina (Las Palmas); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 18, 1908— Goyaz; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 368, 1910 (range in Argentina); idem, I.e., 23, p. 347, 1912 — Villa Rica, Paraguay; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 60, 1914— Alto Parana, Paraguay; Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 106, 1921 — Idma and Santa Ana, Peru (crit.); Tremoleras, El Hornero, 2, p. 22, 1920 — Uruguay (Montevideo, Canelones, San Jose, Flores); Serie and Smyth, I.e., 3, p. 52, 1923 — Santa Elena, Entre Rios; Pereyra, I.e., 3, p. 170, 1923 — Prov. Buenos Aires (Campana, San Isidro, Zelaya); Marelli, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 656, 1924— Prov. Buenos Aires; Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 185, 1926 — Fazenda Ferreira and Candido de Abreu, Parana; Holt, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 57, p. 314, 1928— Bemfica and Monte Serrat, Itatiaya. Geothlypis aequinoctialis velata Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25, p. 142, 1902— Sapucay, Paraguay; Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 166, 1909 — Barracas al Sud, Buenos Aires (eggs descr.); Hellmayr, I.e., 28, p. 243, 1921 — Rio de Janeiro and Corrientes (crit.); Giacomelli, El Hornero, 3, p. 67, 1923— La Rioja; Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., ,133, p. 370, 1926— Chaco (Las Palmas), Formosa (Riacho Pilaga, Formosa), Uruguay (Lazcano, Rio Negro), and Tucuman (Tapia); Friedmann, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, p. 216, 1927 — Concepcion (Tucuman) and Bovril Islands (Santa F6); Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 339, 1930— Matto Grosso (range); Laubmann, Wissens. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 310, 1930— Villa Montes, Tarija, Bolivia. Geothlypis canicapilla assimilis Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, p. 75, 1906— Chirimoto and Santa Ana, Peru (type, from Chirimoto, in the Ber- lepsch Collection, now in the Frankfort Museum, examined); Sztolcman and Domaniewski, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 6, p. 163, 1927 (crit.). 1 Sylvia cucullata Latham (Ind. Orn., 2, p. 528, 1790), based on a specimen in the collection of D. Parkinson, seems to me unidentifiable. The description, "S. virens subtus flava, fronte genisque nigris, cauda cuneiformi," might apply with equal certainty to G. a. aequinoctialis or some other species of the genus. The case being still further obscured by the absence of any locality, it appears preferable to adhere to the subspecific name velata, the type of which exists, rather than revive a term of questionable pertinence, inasmuch as Latham makes no reference to the gray crown that is so conspicuous a feature in both velata and aequinoctialis. 438 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Geothlypis aequinoctialis peruviana Taczanowski, Orn. PeY., 1, p. 471, 1884 — part, Chirimoto. Range. — Northern Argentina south to La Rioja, Cordoba, Buenos Aires, and Entre Rios; Uruguay; Paraguay; southern half of Brazil north to Bahia, Goyaz, and Matto Grosso; eastern Bolivia; eastern Peru (Urubamba Valley and Chirimoto, valley of Huayatjamba).1 23: Brazil (Joinville, Santa Catharina, 2; Bauru, Sao Paulo, 1; Therezopolis, Rio de Janeiro, 2; Rio das Velhas, near Lag6a Santa, Minas Geraes, 2; Chapada, Matto Grosso, 3; Descalvados, Matto Grosso, 1; Veadeiros, Goyaz, 1; Sao Marcello, Rio Preto, Bahia, 1); Uruguay (eight miles southwest of Treinta y Tres, 1 ; Rio Uruguay, southwest of Dolores, Dept. Soriano, 2; fifteen miles north of San Vicente de Castillos, Dept. Rocha, 2); Argentina (Concepcion, Tucuman, 2; El Carrizal, Sierra de Cordoba, 1; Puerto Segundo, Misiones, 2). *Geothlypis aequinoctialis aequinoctialis (Gmelin). EQUIN- OCTIAL MASKED YELLOW-THROAT. Motacilla aequinoctialis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 972, 1789 — based on "Figuier olive de Cayenne" Buffon and Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 685, fig. 1 (= female). Sylvia delafieldii Audubon, Orn. Biogr., 5, p. 308, 1839 — "California," errore (type in U. S. National Museum; cf. Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 225, 1865, and Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 322, 1932). Geothlypis velata (not Sylvia velata Vieillot) Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, p. 666, "1848" [=1849]— British Guiana. Trichas velatus(a) Leotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 183, 1866— Trinidad; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 71, 1868 — part, Forte do Rio Branco, Brazil (spec, examined). 1 1 am unable to appreciate any local variation of sufficient constancy to justify further subdivision of this form. Two adult males from the Urubamba Valley, Peru, appear to me indistinguishable from various individuals picked at random from among a good Brazilian series. Even the alleged differences in size (smaller bill and longer tail) do not hold. The type of G. c. assimilis, from Chirimoto, as claimed by the describers, has the gray cap indeed more restricted, though it is closely approached in that respect by one or two males from eastern Brazil. Whether the race of the Huayabamba Valley merits recognition remains, of course, to be determined by an adequate series. It may be added, however, that, the Chirimoto bird being designated as type in the original description, Messrs. Sztolcman and Domaniewski had no right to select as such a specimen from Santa Ana in the Warsaw Museum. Additional material examined. — Brazil: Bahia, 3; Victoria, Espirito Santo, 1; Rio de Janeiro, 5; Agua Suja, near Bagagem, Minas Geraes, 2; Sao Paulo (Ypanema, Itarar6, Rio Parana, etc.), 6; Curytiba, Parana, 1; Rio Grande do Sul, 1. — Argentina: Corrientes, 1; Barracas al Sud, Buenos Aires, 2; Tucuman, 3. — Bolivia: Villa Montes, Tarija, 2. — Peru: Maranura, 1; Santa Ana, 1; Chirimoto, 1. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 439 Geothlypis aequinoctialis Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 16, 1851 — Cayenne; Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 27, 1862— Cayenne and Trinidad; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 81— Trinidad; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 224, 1865— Trinidad (crit.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 569 — Mexiana Island, Brazil; idem, I.e., 1868, p. 627 — Caracas, Vene- zuela; idem, I.e., 1869, p. 252 — Maruria, Lake Valencia, Venezuela; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 360, pi. 9, fig. 7, 1885— Mexiana Island, British Guiana (Yuruani River, Demerara), Cayenne, Venezuela (Caracas), Trinidad, and Colombia (Bogota); Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 203— Yuruani River, British Guiana; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 6, p. 24, 1894 — La Brea and Moruga Road, Trinidad; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 11, 1902 — Quiribana de Caicara, Altagracia, and Perico, Orinoco River, Venezuela; Hagmann, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), 26, p. 25, 1907— Mexiana; Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 108, 1908— Cayenne, Approuague, and Roche-Marie, French Guiana; Beebe, Zoologica (N.Y.), 1, p. 100, 1909 — near La Brea, Orinoco Delta, Venezuela; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 208, 1913— Manimo River, Venezuela; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 482, 1914— Santo Antonio do Prata, Rio Xingu (Victoria), and Mexiana Island, Brazil; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 152, 1916 — La Cascabel, Las Guacas, Altagracia, and Quiribana de Caicara, Orinoco Valley, Venezuela; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 548, 1917— Puerto Berrio (Magdalena Valley) and Villavicencio, Colombia; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 409, 1921 — British Guiana; Williams, Bull. Dept. Agric. Trin. Tob., 20, p. 127, 1922 — La Fortunee and Harmony Hall, Trinidad; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 173, 1928— Para. Trichas aequinoctialis Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 565 — Trinidad (crit.). Geothlypis aequinoctialis aequinoctialis Hellmayr, Abhandl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Phys. Kl., 26, No. 2, pp. 99, 118, 1912— Mexiana Island. Tanagra canicapilla Swainson, Zool. Illust., (1), 3, pi. 174, l 1823 — "West Indies," probably Trinidad (location of type not stated). Range. — Island of Trinidad; the Guianas; northeastern Brazil, from the Rio Branco south to the Para region (Santo Antonio do Prata, Para) and the lower Xingu (Victoria); Venezuela; eastern Colombia (Villavicencio, eastern base of eastern Andes; Puerto Berrio, Magdalena Valley).2 18: British Guiana (unspecified, 2); Venezuela (Macuto, Caracas, 2; Encontrados, Zulia, 9; Rio Catatumbo, Zulia, 4; Colon, Tachira, 1). 1 An excellent representation of the Guianan race with greenish (not gray) supra-auricular region. 2 Additional material examined. — Trinidad: Caroni River, 1; Caparo, 2; Carenage, 10. — French Guiana: Cayenne, 6; Roche-Marie, 1; Approuague, 2. — Brazil: Forte do Rio Branco, 2; Mexiana Island, 5; Santo Antonio do Prata, Par&, 1; Victoria, Rio Xingu, 3. — Venezuela: Altagracia, 2; Quiribana de Caicara, 2.— Colombia: "Bogota," 2. 440 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII *Geothlypis aequinoctialis peruviana Taczanowski.1 PERUVIAN MASKED YELLOW-THROAT. Geothlypis aequinoctialis peruviana Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 471, 1884 — part, Callacate, Peru (type in Warsaw Museum; cf. Sztolcman and Domaniewski, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 6, p. 164, 1927). Geothlypis peruviana Salvin, Nov. Zool., 2, p. 3, 1895 — Succha and Chusgon, Huamachuco, Maranon Valley, Peru (crit.). Geothlypis aequinoctialis (not Motacilla aequinoctialis Gmelin) Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880, p. 191— Callacate. Geothlypis auricularis (not of Salvin) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 361, 1885— part (syn. G. a. peruviana}. Range.— Northern Peru, in the upper Maran6n Valley (Ca- llacate, Hacienda Limon, Succha, Chusgon, Huamachuco). 1: Peru (Hacienda Limon, ten miles west of Balsas, 1). Geothlypis aequinoctialis auricularis Salvin. PACIFIC MASKED YELLOW-THROAT. Geothlypis auricularis Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 420 — Callao, Peru (type in Salvin-Godman Collection, now in British Museum); Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 470, 1884 — Chepen, Guadalupa, Tumbez, and Callao, Peru; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 361, pi. 9, fig. 8, 1885 — part, Callao; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,, 1892, p. 374— Lima, Peru (crit.); Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 8, 1899— Vinces, Ecuador. Geothlypis aequinoctialis auricularis Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 596, 1926 — Bucay, Huigra, Chone, and Portovelo, Ecuador; Berlioz, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, (2), 4, p. 234, 1932— Isla Silva, Rio Babahoyo, Ecuador. Geothlypis poliocephala (not of Baird) Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, p. 319— Tumbez, Peru; idem, I.e., 1880, p. 191— Chepen, Peru. Geothlypis aequinoctialis (not Motacilla aequinoctialis Gmelin) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 340— Lima. Range. — Pacific slope (tropical zone) of Peru, from Lima north- ward, and southwestern Ecuador north to Chone.2 Geothlypis aequinoctialis chiriquensis Salvin.3 CHiRiQUf MASKED YELLOW-THROAT. 1 Geothlypis aequinoctialis peruviana Taczanowski: Very close to G. a. auri- cularis, but larger with shorter bill; gray of pileum paler; the black facial mask less extensive; the green of the back lighter. Wing (adult male), 65; tail, 60. Two specimens from Callacate and Succha respectively, the only adult males that we have been able to examine, seem to corroborate the distinctness of the Maranon Valley form. 2 Two adults from Vinces, Ecuador, are apparently inseparable from three Lima specimens. 3 Geothlypis aequinoctialis chiriquensis Salvin, in general coloration, resembles G. a. velata, but differs by broader black frontal band, greater extent of black on 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 441 Geothlypis chiriquensis Salvin, Ibis, (3), 2, p. 148, 1872 — Chiriqui, Panama (type in Salvin-Godman Collection, now in British Museum) ; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 152, pi. 9, fig. 1, 1881— Volcan de Chiriqui; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 362, pi. 9, fig. 6, 1885— Volcan de Chiriqui; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 681, 1902— Volcan de Chiriqui. Range. — Western Panama (Volcan de Chiriqui). *Geothlypis semiflava semiflava Sclater. ERASER'S YELLOW- THROAT. Geothlypis semiflava Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 273, 1860 — Baba- hoyo, Ecuador (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum);1 idem, I.e., p. 291, 1860 — Esmeraldas, Ecuador; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 27, 1862 — Babahoyo and Esmeraldas; Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 541— Chimbo; idem, I.e., 1884, p. 287— El Placer, Ecuador; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 357, 1885— part, Ecuador (Esmeraldas, "Quito," Babahoyo, Intag); Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 479, 1898 — Paramba, Ecuador; Salvador! and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 8, 1899— Vinces, Ecuador; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 314 — San Nicolas, Ecuador; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 547, 1917 — Los Cisneros, Caldas, Ricaurte, Buenavista (Narino), and Cali, Colombia. Geothlypis semiflava semiflava Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 595, 1926 — Esmeraldas, Manavi, Bucay, Chimbo, Naranjo, and Portovelo, Ecuador. Range. — Tropical zone of western Ecuador and western Colombia, extending east into the Cauca Valley (Cali).2 5: Ecuador (Puente de Chimbo, 5). *Geothlypis semiflava bairdi Nutting.3 BAIRD'S YELLOW-THROAT. Geothlypis bairdi Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6, p. 398, 1884— Los Sabalos, Nicaragua (type in U. S. National Museum); Ridgway, I.e., 10, p. 585, the sides of the head, and by the restriction of the gray color to the occiput, the hind crown and nape being greenish like the back. Material examined. — Panama: Volcan de Chiriqui, 1. 1 Although the "Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum" lists an adult male from Esmeraldas as type, both in the original description and the "Catalogue of a Collection of American Birds" the type is stated by Sclater to be from Babahoyo. There can be little doubt, I believe, that spec, e, Babahoyo, is the actual type, the only specimen obtained at that place by Fraser. 2 Two specimens from Cali, Colombia, seem to agree with an Ecuadorian series. Material examined. — Ecuador: Paramba, 8; Ventana, 1; San Nicolas, 2; El Placer, 1; Chimbo, 3.— Colombia: Cali, 2. 3 Geothlypis semiflava bairdi Nutting: Differs from the typical race by deeper coloration, the upper parts being dark citrine rather than citrine, while the under surface is less purely yellow with more extensive olivaceous shading on chest and sides. The wings are slightly shorter (55-59 against 58-62), and the bill generally rather stouter. 442 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 1885— Segovia River, Honduras; Cherrie, I.e., 14, p. 527, 1891— Costa Rica (crit.); Richmond, I.e., 16, p. 485, 1893— Costa Rica (Rio Frio) and Nicaragua (Greytown, Rio San Juan, Rio Escondido). Geothlypis semiflava bairdi Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 682, 1902 — southern Honduras to Costa Rica (monog.); Ferry, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 276, 1910 — Guayabo, Costa Rica; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 804, 1910 — Caribbean side of Costa Rica (many localities); Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 12, No. 8, p. 35, 1919— San Juan del Norte, Nicaragua; Kennard and Peters, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 38, p. 460, 1928— Almirante, Panama; Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 337, 1931 — Chinguinola, Almirante, and Isla Grande, Panama. Geothlypis semiflava (not of Sclater) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 367, 1885— part, "Costa Rica." Range. — Caribbean side of southern Honduras (Segovia River), Nicaragua (Los Sabalos, Greytown, Rio San Juan, Rio Escondido), Costa Rica, and extreme northwestern Panama (Almirante Bay region). 10: Costa Rica (Boca Rio Matina, 3; Guayabo, 2; Limon, 4; Peralta, 1). *Geothlypis speciosa Sclater.1 ORIZABA YELLOW-THROAT. Geothlypis speciosa Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 26, p. 447, 1858 — Mexico, probably Orizaba, Vera Cruz (types in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 27, 1862 — Mexico; Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, p. 546, 1869 — mountains of Orizaba; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 152, 1881 — Orizaba; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 358, pi. 10, 1885— Mexico; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 683, 1902— Mexico (monog.). Geothlypis formosa (lapsu) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 273, 1860 — Mexico. Range. — Eastern Mexico, in State of Vera Cruz (Orizaba). 1: Mexico (San Mateo, 1). Geothlypis nelson! nelsoni Richmond.2 HOODED YELLOW- THROAT. 1 Geothlypis speciosa Sclater, while not unlike G. s. bairdi in general appearance, differs nevertheless very markedly by much smaller bill with nearly blackish lower mandible; more brownish (near orange citrine) upper parts with brownish gray apical margins to the dorsal feathers; deeper yellow lower surface; strong brownish buff suffusion on breast and sides, etc. Very little is on record concerning its range. The typical examples were collected by de Saussure, while Sumichrast refers to a specimen from near Orizaba in Bptteri's collection. The adult male (in fresh plumage) in Field Museum was obtained by W. W. Brown at San Mateo, presumably in the mountains of Vera Cruz. 2 This species, autoptically unknown to the writer, is stated by the late W. De W. Miller to share the proportion of the tail with the group separated by Ridgway under the generic name Chamaethlypis. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 443 Oeothlypis cucullata (not Sylvia cucullata Latham)1 Salvin and Godman, Ibis, (6), 1, p. 237, 1889 — Cofre de Perote, near Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico (types in Salvin-Godman Collection, now in British Museum). Geothlypis nelsoni Richmond, Auk, 17, p. 197, 1900 — new name forG. cucullata Salvin and Godman; Miller, Auk, 36, pp. 290, 291, 1919 (crit.). Geothlypis nelsoni nelsoni Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 685, 1902 — southeastern Mexico (monog.). Range. — Southeastern Mexico, in states of Vera Cruz (Jalapa, Cofre de Perote, Jico) and Puebla (Chalchicomula). Geothlypis nelsoni microrhyncha Ridgway. HIDALGO YELLOW- THROAT. Geothlypis nelsoni microrhyncha Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 685, 1902— Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico (type in U. S. National Museum). Range. — Southern Mexico, in State of Hidalgo (Real del Monte, Tulancingo). Genus CHAMAETHLYPIS Ridgway2 Chamaethlypis Ridgway, Man. N. Amer. Bds., p. 525, 1887 — type, by orig. desig., Geothlypis poliocephala Baird. *Chamaethlypis poliocephala poliocephala (Baird). Rio GRANDE YELLOW-THROAT. Geothlypis poliocephala Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 225, April, 1865 — part, Mazatlan, Mexico (type in U. S. National Museum); Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 2, p. 269, 1874— Mazatlan; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 154, pi. 9, fig. 3, 1881 — Mazatlan; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 359, 1885 — part, spec, b, Presidio, Mexico. Geothlypis poliocephala var. poliocephala Ridgway, Amer. Journ. ScL, 4, p. 459, 1872 (crit.). Geothlypis poliocephala palpebralis (not of Ridgway) Allen, Auk, 8, p. 316, 1891 — Brownsville, Texas, and Aldema, Tamaulipas. Geothlypis poliocephala ralphi Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 692, 1894 — Brownsville, Texas (type in U. S. National Museum). Chamaethlypis poliocephala poliocephala Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 687, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.). Chamaethlypis poliocephala Griscom and Crosby, Auk, 43, p. 31, 1926 — Browns- ville, Texas. 1 Geothlypis cucullata should perhaps be preserved for the Hooded Yellow- throat, since Sylvia cucullata Latham, though probably pertaining to some species of Geothlypis, cannot be identified with certainty. 1 A very unsatisfactory genus hardly worthy of retention. Cf. Miller, Auk, 36, pp. 290-291, 1919. 444 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Range. — Lower Austral zone of the lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, and northern and central Mexico south to Sinaloa, Michoacan, and Morelos. 1: Texas (Cameron County, 1). Chamaethlypis poliocephala palpebralis Ridgway. MIRADOR YELLOW-THROAT. Chamaethlypis palpebralis Ridgway, Man. N. Amer. Bds., p. 526, 1887 — Mirador, Vera Cruz (type in U. S. National Museum). Trichas delafieldi (not Sylvia delafieldii Audubon) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 24, p. 293, 1856 — Vera Cruz. Geothlypis poliocephala (not of Baird) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 200, 1869— Me>ida, Yucatan; Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, p. 546, 1869 — upper limits of the hot region, Vera Cruz; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 359, pi. 9, fig. 3, 1885 — part, spec, a, Mexico. Chamaethlypis poliocephala palpebralis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 689, 1902 — southeastern Mexico from Vera Cruz to Chiapas (monog.); Peters, Auk, 30, p. 378, 1913 — Camp Mengel, Quintana Roo; Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 235, p. 16, 1926 — Vigia Chica and Chunyaxche, Yucatan; Austin, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, p. 389, 1929 — Augustine, British Honduras; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 337, 1932— Quirigua, eastern Guatemala. Geothlypis caninucha (not of Ridgway) Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- Amer., Aves, 1, p. 153, 1881 — part, Mexico (M£rida) and British Hon- duras; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 360, 1885 — part, spec, a, British Honduras. Range. — Tropical lowlands of southeastern Mexico, in states of Vera Cruz (Mirador, Vera Cruz, San Andres Tuxtla), Tabasco (Montecristo), Chiapas (Palenque, Oozucuantla), Campeche, Yuca- tan (MeYida, Progreso, La Vega, Chichen Itza), and Quintana Roo (Camp Mengel, Vigia Chica, Chunyaxche), British Honduras (Augustine), and eastern Guatemala (Quirigua, Motagua Valley). *Chamaethlypis poliocephala caninucha (Ridgway). GRAY- NAPED YELLOW-THROAT. Geothlypis poliocephala var. caninucha Ridgway, Amer. Journ. Sci., 4, p. 459, Dec., 1872 — Retalhuleu, western Guatemala (type in U. S. National Museum); Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 52 — San Jos6, Costa Rica. Geothlypis aequinoctialis (not Motacilla aequinoctialis Gmelin) Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1860, p. 273— Duenas, Guatemala. Geothlypis poliocephala (not of Baird) Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 225, 1865— part, "Petaleuleu" [= Retalhuleu], Guatemala; Salvin, Ibis, 1870, p. 114— Costa Rica; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 359, 1885— part, Guatemala and Costa Rica. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 445 Geothlypis caninucha Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 153, 1881 — part, Guatemala (Retalhuleu, Patio Bolas, Duenas, San Geronimo) and Costa Rica; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 360, 1885 — part, spec, b-f, Guatemala (Retalhuleu, San Ger6nimo, Duenas) and Costa Rica; Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 107, 1887 — Los Anonos, Costa Rica; Underwood, Ibis, 1896, p. 434 — Miravalles, Costa Rica. Geothlypis caninucha icterotis Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 11, p. 539, 1889 — Costa Rica (type in U. S. National Museum); Cherrie, I.e., 14, p. 526, 1891— San Jose", Costa Rica (crit.); idem, Auk, 9, p. 22, 1892— San Jose (breeding); Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 485, 1893 — Rio Escondido, Nicaragua. Geothlypis palpebralis (not of Ridgway) Lantz, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 16, p. 223, 1899— San Juan Valley, Costa Rica. Chamaethlypis caninucha Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 689, 1902 — part, Guatemala to Costa Rica; Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 130, 1907 — Mazatenango and Patulul, Guatemala; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 803, 1910 — part, San Jose", Miravalles, Tenorio, Bagaces, and San Pedro del Moj6n, Costa Rica (habits); Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 12, No. 8, p. 35, 1919 — Masaya, Nicaragua; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 84, p. 334, 1932— Cantarranas, Honduras. Chamaethlypis poliocephala caninucha Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 337, 1932 — Guatemala (Panajachel, Lake Amatitlan, San Felipe, San Jose", Pantaleon, Carolina, Hacienda California, and Finca El Cipres). Range. — Western Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica south to the plateau country near San Jose*.1 24: Guatemala (Lake Amatitlan, 2; Mazatenango, 2; Patulul, 2); Nicaragua (Matagalpa, 1; San Geronimo, Chinandega, 3); Costa Rica (Las Cafias, 2; Miravalles, 2; Orosi, 4; San Jose", 6). Chamaethlypis poliocephala ridgwayi Griscom.2 RIDGWAY'S YELLOW-THROAT. Chamaethlypis poliocephala ridgwayi Griscom, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 12, p. 7, 1930 — Boruca, Costa Rica (type in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.). Chamaethlypis caninucha (not Geothlypis poliocephala var. caninucha Ridgway) Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 689, 1902— part, Volcan 1 Birds from the plateau region of Costa Rica (San Jose) verge slightly in the direction of C. p. ridgwayi, but the variation is not constant enough to justify the retention of a separate form (icterotis Ridgway). According to Griscom (I.e.), speci- mens from the Atlantic slope of Guatemala are intermediate to C. p. palpebralis, and our couple from Lake Amatitlan have indeed traces of white on the lower eyelid. 2 Chamaethlypis poliocephala ridgwayi Griscom: Very near to C. p. caninucha, but under parts of a deeper, brighter yellow, in winter, and immature plumage with less buffy brown suffusion on the flanks; back slightly greener, less brownish; size somewhat smaller. Wing (adult), male, 52-55. Material examined. — Costa Rica: Boruca, 10. — Panama: Boquete, 2. 446 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII de Chiriqui and Boquete, Panama; Bangs, Auk, 24, p. 306, 1907 — Boruca, Paso Real, and Barranca de TeYraba, Costa Rica; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 803, 1910 — part, Boruca, Costa Rica. Geothlypis caninucha icterotis (not of Ridgway) Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. CL, 3, p. 61, 1902 — Boquete and Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama. Range. — Southwestern Costa Rica (Te*rraba Valley) and western Panama (Boquete, Volcan de Chiriqui). Genus ICTERIA Vieillot Icteria Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amer. Sept., 1, pp. IV, 85, 1807— type, by monotypy, Icteria dumicola Vieillot =Muscicapa viridis Gmelin=Turdus virens Linnaeus. *Icteria virens virens (Linnaeus). YELLOW-BREASTED CHAT. Turdus virens Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 171, 1758 — based on "Yellow-breasted Chat" Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, 1, p. 50, pi. 50; "the upper parts of the country [= South Carolina], 200 or 300 miles from the sea." Muscicapa viridis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 936, 1789 — based on [Brisson et Buff on ex] Catesby; South Carolina. Ampelis lulens Sparrman, Mus. Carls., fasc. 3, pi. 70, 1788 — habitat unknown (type in Museum Carlson). Icteria dumicola Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amer. Sept., 1, p. 85, pi. 55, 1807 — Pennsylvania and New York (type in coll. of P. L. Vieillot). Pipra polyglotta Wilson, Amer. Orn., 1, p. 90, pi. 6, fig. 2, 1808 — Pennsylvania (type in Peale's Museum, probably lost). Icteria velasquezi Bonaparte, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 5, "1837," p. 117, June, 1838 — Guatemala (type in coll. of Col. Velasquez). Icteria viridis Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 157, 1881 — part (excl. syn. longicauda); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 373, 1885 (monog.). Icteria virens virens Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 692, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 39, p. 152, 1903 — Honduras (Ceiba, Yaruca); Cole, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 50, p. 138, 1906— Chichen Itza, Yucatan; Bangs, Auk, 24, p. 306, 1907— El Pozo del Rio Grande, Costa Rica; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 803, 1910— Guacimo, Costa Rica; Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 86, 1911— Tamaulipas (Matamoros, Rampahuila, Caballeros, Altamira); Peters, Auk, 30, p. 378, 1913 — Xcopen, Quintana Roo; Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 67, p. 484, 1927 — Vera Cruz (Presidio and Motzorongo); idem, I.e., 68, p. 401, 1928— Tapanatepec, Oaxaca; Austin, I.e., 69, p. 389, 1929— Mountain Cow, British Honduras; Peters, I.e., 69, p. 464, 1929 — west of Tela, Honduras; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 338, 1932— Guatemala (Chinoxan, La Primavera, Secanquim, Chanquejelve, Pana- jachel, Ocos, Hacienda California). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 447 Icteria virens Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 130, 1907 — Guatemala (Los Amates, Lake Amatitlan, San Jos£, Mazatenango, Patulul, Lake Atitlan). Range. — Eastern North America from southern Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ontario, and central New York south to Texas and southern Florida; winters in Mexico and Central America south to Guatemala, rarely to Honduras and Costa Rica; casual in southern Saskatchewan, New Hampshire, and Maine. 27: Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 3); Illinois (Grand Chain, 2; Mound City, 1); New Jersey (Englewood, 1); South Carolina (Mount Pleasant, 1); Mississippi' (Holly Springs, 4; Vicksburg, 4); Texas (Brownsville, 1; Seadrift, 1); Guatemala (Lake Amatitlan, 1; Lake Atitlan, 1; Los Amates, Izabel, 2; Mazatenango, 1; Patulul, 2; San Jose", Escuintla, 2). "Icteria virens auricollis Bonaparte. LONG-TAILED CHAT. Icteria auricollis (Lichtenstein MS.1) Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, (2), p. 331, end of 1850 — Mexico= Mexico City (type in the Berlin Museum). Icteria longicauda Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 6, p. 4, 1853 — Calif ornia= Stockton, San Joaquin County (type now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York; cf. Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 300, 1928); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 375, 1885 (monog.). Icteria longicaudata Finsch, Abhandl. Naturw. Ver. Bremen, 2, p. 331, 1870 — Mazatlan (crit.). Icteria virens longicauda Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 695, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 21, p. 366, 1905— Sinaloa (Escuinapa, Los Pieles); idem, I.e., 22, p. 179, 1906— Durango (Rio Sestin, Rancho Baillon); McLellan, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 16, p. 44, 1927— San Bias, Nayarit; Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 205, 1928 — Lower California; van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 285, 1931 — Sonora (Tecoripa, Saric, ten miles north of Guay- mas, Guaymas, Agiabampo). Range. — Western North America from southern British Columbia, northern Montana, and North Dakota south to Lower California, Jalisco, Guanajuato, and Mexico; winters on the tableland and west coast of Mexico from Chihuahua to Oaxaca. 32: Oregon (Ashland, 1); California (Burbank, 1; Corona, 2; Lakeside, 1; Los Gatos, 1; Sacramento, 1) ; Colorado (El Paso County, 1 Tanagra auricollis Lichtenstein (Preis-Verz. Saug., Vogel, etc., Mexico, p. 2, 1830) is probably the same bird, though the description (in translation), "throat and breast golden yellow," is hardly sufficient to fix the name. Cf., however, Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 403, 1860; and van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 7, p. 353, 1934. 448 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 1); Arizona (Calabasas, 15); Texas (Fort Clark, 1; Fort Worth, 2; Gainesville, 1; Ingram, Kerr County, 1); Mexico (Lower California, Comondu, 1; Iguala, Guerrero, 1; Mexico City, 2). Genus GRANATELLUS Bonaparte Granatellus (Du Bus MS.) Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, (2), p. 312, end of 1850 — type, by monotypy, Granatellus venustus Bonaparte. Granatellus venustus venustus Bonaparte. Du Bus's RED- BREASTED CHAT. Granatellus venustus (Du Bus MS.)1" Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, (2), p. 312, end of 1850 — Mexico (type in Brussels Museum); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 607, pi. 37, lower fig.; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 231, 1865 — western Mexico; Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 2, p. 270, 1874— Colima; idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, p. 16, 1876— Tehuantepec (Santa Efigenia); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 160, 1881 — Sierra Madre, Colima, and Santa Efigenia, Tehuan- tepec; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 369, 1885— western Mexico; Loomis, Auk, 18, p. 110, 1901 — Tatemales and Rosario, Sinaloa (descr. female); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 699, 1902— western Mexico (monog.); Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 21, p. 366, 1905 — Escuinapa, Sinaloa. Range. — Western Mexico, in states of Sinaloa (Rosario, Tate- males, Escuinapa), Colima (Sierra Madre), Guerrero (Acapulco), and Oaxaca (Santa Efigenia). Granatellus venustus francescae Baird.2 TRES MARIAS RED- BREASTED CHAT. Granatellus francescae Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 231, 1865 — Tres Marias Islands, off western Mexico (type in U. S. National Museum); Grayson, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 14, p. 278, 1871— Tres Marias (habits); Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 2, p. 270, 1874— Tres Marias; Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 307, pi. 11 — Tres Marias (crit.); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.- Amer., Aves, 1, p. 161, 1881— Tres Marias (habits); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 370, 1885 — Tres Marias; Nelson, N. Amer. Faun., 14, p. 56, 1899— Maria Madre Island (habits); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 700, 1902— Tres Marias (monog.); McLellan, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 15, p. 313, 1926— Maria Madre; idem, I.e., (4), 16, p. 44, 1927 — Maria Madre. 1 Plate 34 [lege 24] of Du Bus's "Esquisses Ornithologiques" quoted by Bonaparte was evidently never published. Cf. Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, p. 375, and I.e., 1864, p. 607. 1 A strongly marked race by reason of its longer tail with more white on the lateral rectrices, absence of the black pectoral collar in the male sex, and other characters. Three specimens from Maria Madre examined. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 449 Range. — Maria Madre Island, Tres Marias group, off western Mexico. *Granatellus sallaei sallaei (Bonaparte) -1 SALLE'S RED-BREASTED CHAT. Setophaga sallaei ("Bonaparte and Sclater") Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 42, p. 957, May, 1856 — southern Mexico= Cordoba, Vera Cruz (type in British Museum). Granatellus sallaei Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 24, "1856," p. 292, pi. 120, Jan., 1857 — Cordoba (a single spec.); idem, I.e., 26, p. 97, 1858 (type stated to be in the British Museum); idem, I.e., 27, p. 374, 1859 — Playa Vicente, Oaxaca (descr. female); idem, I.e., 1864, p. 607 — southern Mexico; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1860, p. 397— Cahabdn, Guatemala; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 232, 1865 — southern Mexico to Guatemala (crit.); Sumi- chrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, p. 546, 1869 — Potrero, near Cordoba; Boucard, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, (n.s.), 25, p. 40, 1878 — Guatemala; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 161, 1881 — part, Mexico (Cordoba, Potrero, Playa Vicente) and Guatemala (Cahab6n, near Tactic); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 371, 1885 — part, Mexico (excl. Yucatan) and Guatemala. Granatellus sallaei sallaei Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 701, 1902 — southeastern Mexico (in states of Vera Cruz and Oaxaca) and Guatemala; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 338, 1932— Vera Paz (Guatemala). Range. — Southeastern Mexico, in states of Vera Cruz (Cordoba, Potrero, Buena Vista) and Oaxaca (Playa Vicente), and eastern Guatemala (Cahabon and near Tactic). 1: Guatemala (Vera Paz, 1). Granatellus sallaei boucardi Ridgway. BOUCARD'S RED-BREASTED CHAT. Granatellus sallaei boucardi Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, p. 23, 1885 — Yucatan (type in U. S. National Museum); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 8, p. 278, 1896— Chichen Itza, Yucatan; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 703, 1902— Yucatan (monog.); Cole, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 50, p. 138, 1906 — Chichen Itza, Yucatan; Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 235, p. 16, 1926 — Acomal, Yucatan. Granatellus sallaei (not Setophaga sallaei Bonaparte) Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 161, 1881 — part, Yucatan; Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 441— Yucatan; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 371, 1885— part, Yucatan. Range. — Northern Yucatan (Chichen Itza, Acomal). 1 The different proportions induce me to separate this bird specifically, inas- much as the limits of its range in Oaxaca, whence G. v. venustus has also been recorded, have yet to be determined. 450 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII *Granatellus pelzelni pelzelni Sclater. PELZELN'S RED-BREASTED CHAT. Granatellus pelzelni Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1864, p. 606, pi. 27, upper fig. — Destacamento do Ribeirao, Rio Madeira, Brazil (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 231, 1865 (crit.); Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 3, p. 216, 1870— Destacamento do Ribeirao and Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira (spec, examined); Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 204 — Camacusa, British Guiana; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 370, 1885 — Rio Madeira, Brazil, and Camacusa, British Guiana; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 79, 1889— Falls of the Rio Madeira, Bolivia; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 10, 1902 — Orinoco (Munduapo) and Caura River (Suapure, La Pricion, Nicare, La Union), Venezuela; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 332, 1907 (range); Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 56, pp. 497, 521, 1908— Rio Tapaj6z (Villa Braga, Itaituba) and Rio Tocantins (Arumatheua) ; Penard, Vog. Guyana, 2, p. 486, 1910 — Dutch Guiana; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 482, 1914— Rio Tocantins (Baiao, Arumatheua), Rio Tapajoz (Boim, Pinhel, Itaituba, Villa Braga), and Rio Jary (Santo Antonio da Cachoeira); Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 410, 1921 — Ituribisci River, Supenaam, Mazaruni River, and Camacusa. Granatellus pelzelni pelzelni Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 14, pp. 5, 346, 1907 — Rio Tapajoz (Itaituba) and Rio Madeira (Borba); idem, I.e., 17, pp. 265, 266, 1910 — Calama, Rio Madeira, and Jamarysinho, Rio Machados (range); Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 152, 1916 — Venezuela, Orinoco (Munduapo and La Cascabel) and Caura Valley; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 339, 1932— Matto Grosso (Rio Madeira, Destacamento do Ribeirao, Salto do Girao), Amazonas, Guiana, Venezuela. Range. — Dutch and British Guiana; Amazon Valley from the Tocantins and Jary rivers to the Rio Branco and the Rio Madeira and south to northern Bolivia (Falls of the Rio Madeira, Dept. Beni); southern Venezuela (Orinoco-Caura basin).1 1: Brazil (Conceicao, Rio Branco, 1). Granatellus pelzelni paraensis Rothschild.2 PARA RED-BREASTED CHAT. 1 Additional material examined. — British Guiana: Camacusa, 1. — Venezuela: Suapure, Caura, 1; La Pricion, Caura, 7; Nicare, Caura, 4; La Union, Caura, 1; Munduapo, Orinoco, 1. — Brazil: Itaituba, Rio Tapaj6z, 4; Borba, Rio Madeira, 2; Calama, Rio Madeira, 3; Ribeirao, Rio Madeira, 3; Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira, 1; Jamarysinho, Rio Machados, 1. 1 Granatellus pelzelni paraensis Rothschild: Similar to G. p. pelzelni, but adult male with black (on upper part of the head) restricted to a well-defined frontal band (as far back as the anterior angle of the eye) and a narrow suprapcular streak; only a small white spot at the posterior margin of the eye; and without the silky white stripe separating the gray flanks from the rosy pink middle of the belly, the whole sides of the abdomen being dark gray; female distinguishable by having the sides of the breast strongly washed with gray. Wing, 52 Yz, (female) 54; tail, 50y2, (female) 53; bill, 10-11. Material examined. — Para: Santo Antonio do Prata, 2. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 451 Granatellus pelzelni paraensis Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.f 16, p. 81, May, 1906 — [Santo Antonio do] Prata, Para (type in Tring Museum, now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 355, 1906 — Santo Antonio do Prata (crit.); Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 332, 1907— Para; Hellmayr, Abhandl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Phys. Kl., 26, No. 2, p. 86, 1912— Santo Antonio; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 482, 1914— Rio Guama (Santa Maria do Sao Miguel). Range. — Northern Brazil, in eastern part of the State of Para (Santo Antonio do Prata; Santa Maria do Sao Miguel, Rio Guama). Genus WILSONIA Bonaparte1 Wilsonia Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List Bds. Eur. N. Amer., p. 23, 1838 — type, by subs, desig. (Ridgway, 1881), Motacilla mitrata Gmelin=Mwsct- capa citrina Boddaert. Myiodioctes Audubon, Syn. Bds. N. Amer., p. 48, 1839 — type, by subs, desig. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 2nd ed., p. 32, 1841), Motacilla mitrata Gmelin= Muscicapa citrina Boddaert. Myioctonus Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 18, 1851 — new name for Wilsonia Bonaparte and Myiodioctes Audubon. *Wilsonia citrina (Boddaert). HOODED WARBLER. Muscicapa citrina Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., p. 41, 1783 — based upon "Gobe- mouche, de la Louisiane" Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 666, fig. 2; Louisiana. Motacilla mitrata Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 977, 1789 — based on "Mesange a collier de la Caroline" Brisson (Orn., 3, p. 578 [ex Catesby]), "Gobe- mouche citrin de la Louisiane" Buff on (Hist. Nat. Ois., 4, p. 538), and Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 666, fig. 2. Muscicapa cucullata Wilson, Amer. Orn., 3, p. 101, pi. 26, fig. 3, 1811 — rare in Pennsylvania, but abundant through the whole extent of country south of Maryland, from the Atlantic to the Mississippi (type in Peale's Museum, doubtless lost). Muscicapa pileata Stephens, in Shaw, Gen. Zool., 10, (2), p. 399, 1817 — new name for Muscicapa cucullata Wilson. Muscicapa selbii Audubon, Orn. Biog., 1, p. 46, 1831 — near St. Francisville, Louisiana (= female without black on head). Myiodioctes mitratus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 437, 1885 (monog.). 1 Wilsonia microcephala (Ridgway). SMALL-HEADED WARBLER. Sylvania microcephala Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, p. 354, 1885 — new name for Muscicapa minuta Wilson (not of Gmelin, 1789), Amer. Orn., 6, p. 62, pi. 50, fig. 5, 1812; New Jersey, etc. (no type extant). Wilsonia microcephala Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 709, 1902. Known only from the works of Wilson and Audubon, whose specimens came from New Jersey and Kentucky, respectively. Wilson's description and figure have never been satisfactorily identified with any known species. 452 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Wilsonia mitrata Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 705, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Riley, in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, p. 367, 1905 — Cay Lobos, Bahamas. Wilsonia citrina Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 807, 1910 — Costa Rica (El Hogar and Guacimo). Range. — United States from southeastern Nebraska, northern Iowa, southern Michigan, central New York, and the lower Con- necticut Valley south to the Gulf coast of Louisiana, Alabama, and Georgia, and in northern Florida; winters from Vera Cruz and Yucatan to Panama; occasional in the Bahamas, Cuba, and Jamaica, and casually north to Wisconsin, Ontario, and Massachusetts. 31: Illinois (Mound City, 1); Arkansas (Cleburne County, 1; Winslow, 2) ; New Jersey (Englewood, 2) ; Virginia (unspecified, 1) ; North Carolina (Raleigh, 6); South Carolina (Mount Pleasant, 1); Georgia (Chatham County, 1); Florida (East Pass, 1; Gainesville, 1; Key West, 2; Manatee County, 1; Starke, 1); Texas (Corpus Christi, 3); Yucatan (Cozumel Island, 2); British Honduras (Belize, 1; Orange Walk, 1); Guatemala (Los Amates, Izabel, 1; Patulul, Solola, 2). *Wilsonia pusilla pusilla (Wilson). WILSON'S WARBLER. Mtiscicapa pusilla Wilson, Amer. Orn., 3, p. 103, pi. 26, fig. 4, 1811 — in the southern states, several times seen in the lower parts of New Jersey and Delaware (type in Peale's Museum, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 361, 1930). Sylvia wilsonii Bonaparte, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 4, p. 179, 1824 — new name for Muscicapa pusilla Wilson. Sylvia petasodes Lichtenstein, Preis-Verz. Saug., Vogel, etc., Mexico, p. 2, 1830 — Mexico (type in the Berlin Museum examined; cf. also van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 7, p. 354, 1934). (l)Abrornis atricapilla (Temminck MS.) Blyth, Ibis, (n.s.), 6, p. 169, 1870— "China" (type in the Leiden Museum; cf. Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1875, p. 640).1 Myiodioctes pusillus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 435, 1885 — part, subsp. a, M. pusillus, eastern North America south to Guatemala and Costa Rica. Wilsonia pusilla pusilla Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 710, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 36, 19Q9 — Costa Rica (Ten6rio and Cerro de Santa Maria); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 339, 1932 — Guatemala (Chichicastenango, Chanquevelje, La Montanita, San Lucas). 1 The type in the Leiden Museum should be reexamined to make certain whether the name refers to the typical race or to W. p. pileolata. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 453 Range. — North America from Mackenzie, northern Manitoba, Quebec, and Newfoundland south to southern Saskatchewan, northern Minnesota, central Ontario, New Hampshire, Maine, and Nova Scotia; winters in eastern Central America from Guatemala to Costa Rica and occasionally in Mexico (Michoacan); casual in British Columbia, Washington, and Colorado. 56: Maine (New Vineyard, 1); Massachusetts (Cambridge, 1; Linfield, 1) ; Connecticut (East Hartford, 14) ; New York (Peterboro, 1) ; New Jersey (Englewood, 4) ; Pennsylvania (western, unspecified, 1); Illinois (Beach, Lake County, 1; Chicago, 4; Deerfield, 2; Hamilton, 1; Henry, 1; Lake Forest, 2; Warsaw, 1); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 5); Colorado (Mount Vernon Canon, 1; unspecified, 1); Mexico (Aldama, Tamaulipas, 1; Tampico, 2; Teapa, 1); Guate- mala (Los Amates, Izabel, 1; near Tecpam, 2); Nicaragua (Matagalpa, 1); Costa Rica (Guayabo, 5; Volcan Turrialba, 1). *Wilsonia pusilla pileolata (Pallas). NORTHERN PILEOLATED WARBLER. Motacilla pikolata Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 1, p. 497, "1811" [=1826?]— Kodiak Island, Alaska (location of type not stated). Myiodioctes pvsillus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 435, 1885 — part, subsp. /3, M. pileolatus, western United States south to Costa Rica and Panama (Volcan de Chiriqui). Wilsonia pusilla pileolata Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 712, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 802, 1910 — Costa Rica (common winter visitant); Ferry, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 276, 1910— Costa Rica (Coliblanco, Turrialba); Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 86, 1911 — Tamaulipas; van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 286, 1931— Sonora (Tecoripa, San Javier, Saric, Guirocoba); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 340, 1932 — Guate- mala (abundant in winter). Range. — Western North America from northern Alaska through eastern Oregon and eastern California to the mountains of New Mexico and central-western Texas, and on the Pacific coast to the Queen Charlotte Islands; winters from Mexico to western Panama; casual in Minnesota and Missouri. 73: Canada (Alberta, 1); Colorado (unspecified, 1); California (Carmel, 2; Oakland, 1; Monterey, 1; Palm Springs, 1; San Diego County, 1; Santa Clara, 1; Santa Cruz, 1); Arizona (Calabasas, 8; Chiricahua Mountains, 1; Fort Huachuca, 1; Fort Lowell, 2; Tucson, 1) ; New Mexico (Mimbres, 12) ; Texas (Davis Mountains, 1) ; Mexico (Altamira, 1; Coyotes, Durango, 1; Iguala, Guerrero, 1); Costa Rica (Coliblanco, 28; Volcan Turrialba, 6). 454 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII *Wilsonia pusilla chryseola Ridgway. GOLDEN PILEOLATED WARBLER. Wilsonia pusilla chryseola Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 714, 1902 — "Pacific coast district of the United States and British Columbia" (type from Red Bluff, Tehama County, California, in U. S. National Museum; cf. Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 301, 1932); Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 22, p. 179, 1906— Rio Sestin, Durango; McLellan, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 16, p. 44, 1927 — Labrados, Sinaloa, and San Bias, Nayarit; Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 206, 1928— Lower California; van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 286, 1931 — Sonora (Tecoripa, San Javier, Saric, Tesia, Chinobampo, Guirocoba); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 340, 1932— Guatemala (Secan- quim, Chichicastenango, Panajachel). Range. — Pacific coast district of North America, from southern British Columbia to southern California; winters in Chihuahua, Sonora, Sinaloa, Durango, Nayarit, and the Cape district of Lower California, Mexico, and in Guatemala; casual on migration in eastern Oregon and Arizona. 10: Oregon (Tillamook, 2); California (Nicasio, 2; Eureka, 1; Los Angeles, 1; Fort Jones, 2; San Gabriel River, 1); Lower Cali- fornia (Burro Canyon, 1). *Wilsonia canadensis (Linnaeus). CANADA WARBLER. Muscicapa canadensis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed.f 1, p. 327, 1766 — based on "Le Gobe-mouche cendr6 de Canada" Brisson, Orn., 2, p. 406, pi. 39, fig. 4; Canada (type in coll. of M. de R6aumur, doubtless lost). Sylvia pardalina Bonaparte, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 4, p. 179, 1924 — new name for Muscicapa canadensis Wilson, Amer. Orn., 3, p. 100, 1811. Muscicapa bonapartii Audubon, Orn. Biog., 1, p. 27, 1831 — near St. Francis- ville, Louisiana (descr. of young in autumn). Setophaga nigro-cincta Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 6, p. 292, 1843 — "Colombie" = Bogota (type in coll. of F. de Lafresnaye, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 361, 1930). Myiodioctes canadensis Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 468, 1884 — Peruvian localities; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus.,, 10, p. 432, 1885 (monog.); Winge, Medd. Gr0nland, 21, p. 282, 1898— Greenland. Wilsonia canadensis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 716, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 801, 1910 — Costa Rica (San Jos6, Miravalles, Carrfllo, Rio Sicsola); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 548, 1917 — Colombia (Alto Bonito, San Antonio, Rio Frio, El Eden, San Agustin, Chicoral, Fusugasuga, Buena Vista); idem, I.e., 55, p. 596, 1925 — eastern Ecuador (Zamora, Sabanilla, San Jose, Sumaco, Rio Suno, Baeza, below Oyacachi); Naumburg, Auk, 43, p. 490, 1926 — Peru (La Merced and Chaupe); Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 425, 1930— Peru (Huachipa, Vista Alegre, Chin- 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 455 chao); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 339, 1932— Guatemala (Chimoxan, Progreso, Zunil, Panajachel, Hacienda California). Sylvania canadensis Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 332 — La Gloria and La Merced, Dept. Junfn, Peru; idem, Ornis, 13, p. 76, 1906— Idma, Urubamba, Peru. Range. — North America from Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and Newfoundland south to central Minnesota and Michigan, central New York, and Connecticut, and along the Alle- ghenies to northern Georgia and Tennessee; winters in southern Central America (Guatemala to Panama), eastern Ecuador, and eastern Peru (south to the Urubamba Valley); casual in Colorado; accidental in Greenland (one record). 74: Maine (Lincoln, 1; New Vineyard, 1; Upton, 4); Massa- chusetts (Cambridge, 1); Connecticut (East Hartford, 23); New York (Albion, Cayuga County, 1; Milford, 1; Peterboro, 1; Shelter Island, 1) ; New Jersey (Englewood, 2) ; Pennsylvania (St. Mitchell, 1); North Carolina (Raleigh, 1); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 12; Woodruff, Vilas County, 1); Illinois (Chicago, 6; Deerfield, 2; Fox Lake, 2; Henry, 1; Joliet, 1; Lewistown, 1); Louisiana (Cameron Parish, 1); Mexico (unspecified, 2); Costa Rica (Buenos Aires, 1); Peru (Chinchao, 3; Huachipa, 2; Vista Alegre, 1). Genus CARDELLINA Bonaparte Cardellina (Du Bus MS.)1 Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, (2), p. 312, end of 1850— type, by subs, desig. (Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 263, 1865), Cardellina amicta "Du ~Bus"=Muscicapa rubrifrons Giraud. *Cardellina rubrifrons rubrifrons (Giraud). RED-FACED WARBLER. Muscicapa rubrifrons Giraud, Descr. Sixteen Spec. N. Amer. Birds, p. [15], pi. [7], fig. 1, 1841 — "Texas," errore (type probably in the U. S. National Museum). . Cardellina amicta (Du Bus MS.)1 Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, (2), p. 312, end of 1850 — Mexico (type in Brussels Museum). Setophaga rubrifrons Baird, in Stansbury's Rep. Great Salt Lake, p. 329, 1852— "Texas." Cardellina rubrifrons Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 66 (in text), 1855; idem, I.e., 26, p. 299, 1858 — La Parada, Oaxaca; idem, I.e., 27, p. 374, 1 Though Cardellina amicta is credited to "Du Bus, Esq. Orn., livr. 5, pi. 25, 1849," livr. 5 of that scarce work apparently was never issued, the figure of Granatellus venustus, supposed to form pi. 24 in the same part, being referred to by Sclater (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 27, p. 375, 1859; I.e., 1864, p. 607) as still unpublished at the time of his writing. All the copies of the "Esquisses Ornitho- logiques" that we have seen consist of only four livraisons, each with five plates and accompanying text. 456 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 1859— Cinco Senores, Oaxaca; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 37, 1862— southern Mexico; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 264, 1865 — part, spec, a, Mexico; Henshaw, Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., p. 211, 1875— Mount Graham and mountains near Apache, Arizona (breeding habits) ; Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CL, 6, p. 68, 1881— Fort Bayard, New Mexico; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 162, 1881 — part, Arizona and Mexico (Jalapa, La Parada, Cinco Senores); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 408, 1885 — part, spec, a-e, Arizona (Santa Rita Mountains) and Mexico (La Parada, valley of Mexico); Scott, Auk, 2, p. 353, 1885 — Pima County, southern Arizona; idem, Auk, 5, p. 36, 1888— Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona; Price, Auk, 5, p. 385, 1888 — Huachuca Mountains, Arizona (nest and eggs descr.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 720, 1902 — part, southern Arizona, New Mexico, and Mexico. Basileuterus rubrifrons Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 27, p. 363, 1859 — Jalapa, Vera Cruz. Range. — Transition zone of southern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and south through the Mexican tableland to Vera Cruz and Oaxaca. 23: Arizona (Catalina Mountains, 1; Huachuca Mountains, 15); Mexico (Chihuahua, 3; Coyotes, Durango, 4). *Cardellina rubrifrons bella Griscom.1 GUATEMALAN RED- FACED WARBLER. Cardellina rubrifrons bella Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 438, p. 2, 1930 — Chichicastenango, Guatemala (type in Dwight Collection, in the Amer- ican Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 340, 1932— Chichicastenango. Cardellina rubrifrons (not Muscicapa rubrifrons Giraud) Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 264, 1865 — part, spec, b, Totonicapam, Guatemala; Salvin, Ibis, 1866, p. 192 — Volcan de Fuego and Totonicapam, Guatemala; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 162, 1881 — part, Guatemala (Volcan de Fuego, Totonicapam); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 408, 1885 — part, spec, f-n, Volcan de Fuego and Calderas, Guatemala; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 720, 1902— part, Guatemala. Range. — Temperate pine forests of western Guatemala. 1: Guatemala (Volcan de Fuego, 1). Genus SETOPHAGA Swainson2 1 Cardellina rubrifrons bella Griscom : Similar to C. r. rubrifrons, but darker throughout; red areas more intense, approaching crimson, and gray of upper parts slightly more slaty; under parts grayer with less white in the middle of breast and abdomen. Additional material examined. — Guatemala: Volcan de Fuego, 2. 2 Setophaga multicolor Bonaparte (Consp. Gen. Av., 1, p. 312, 1850), from "Mexico," is probably an Australian species (cf. Salvin, Ibis, 1878, p. 321). The 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 457 Setophaga Swainson, Phil. Mag., (n.s.), 1, No. 5, p. 368, May, 1827 — type, by subs, desig. (Swainson, Zool. Journ., 3, p. 360, Dec., 182?, or later), Motacilla ruticilla Linnaeus. Cetophaga Lesson, Man. d'Orn., 2, p. 430, 1828 — emendation. Sylvania Nuttall, Man. Orn. U. S. and Can., 1, p. 290, 1832 — new name for Setophaga Swainson. Erythrosoma Swainson, in Swainson and Richardson, Faun. Bor.-Amer., 2, "1831," p. 201, Feb., 1832— type, by subs, desig. (Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 53, p. 589, 1917), Setophaga picta Swainson. *Setophaga ruticilla (Linnaeus). AMERICAN REDSTART. Motacilla ruticilla Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 186, 1758 — based on "The Redstart" Catesby (Nat. Hist. Carolina, 1, p. 67, pi. 67), "Serino affinis avicula..." Sloane (Hist. Jamaica, 2, p. 312), and "The Small American Redstart" Edwards (Nat. Hist. Birds, 2, p. 80, pi. 80); Virginia (ex Catesby) accepted as type locality. Motacilla tricolora P. L. S. Muller, Natursyst., Suppl., p. 175, 1776 — based on "Figuier noir et jaune de Cayenne" Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 391, fig. 2. Motacilla multicolor Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 972, 1789 — based on "Figuier noir" Buffon and "Figuier noir et jaune de Cayenne" Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 391, fig. 2 (= adult male). Motacilla flavicauda Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 997, 1789— based on "The Yellow-tailed Fly-catcher" Edwards, Glean. Nat. Hist., 1, p. 101, pi. 257, upper fig.; "on the coast of Hispaniola, about ten leagues from land" (= adult female). Septophaga [sic] (ruticilla) tropica Verrill,1 Addition to the Avifauna of Domin- ica, p. — [unpaged, undated pamphlet], Oct., 1905 — Dominica (type in coll. of A. H. Verrill?). Setophaga ruticilla Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 411, 1885 (monog.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 724, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.). Range. — North America from northern British Columbia, Mac- kenzie, Manitoba, Quebec, and Newfoundland to Oregon, Utah, Colorado, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Alabama, northern Georgia, and North Carolina; winters in the West Indies and from southern Mexico and southern Lower California south to Trinidad, the Guianas, Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador. type, credited to the Frankfort Museum by the describer, appears to be lost; at least it is not listed by Hartert in the "Kat. Vogels. Mus. Senckenb. Naturf. Gesellschaft." 1 This supposed resident form is said to be distinguished from the American Redstart by brighter colors and smaller size, as well as by different notes and eggs. I have not been able to verify the characters in coloration or size, and the state- ment of its breeding on the island of Dominica is so extraordinary that it cannot be accepted without further evidence. The numerous specimens from the West Indies and South America examined in the present connection are absolutely identical with North American birds, and were doubtless migrants from the North. 458 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 245: Maine (New Vineyard, 1; Upton, 4); Massachusetts (Clif- tondale, 1; Maiden, 1); Connecticut (East Hartford, 25); Rhode Island (East Providence, 2); New York (Rochester, 1; Shelter Island, 2) ; Indiana (Bluff ton, 2) ; Illinois (Auburn Park, 1; Chicago, 7; Deerfield, 3; Fox Lake, 3; Hegewisch, 2; Henry, 2; Joliet, 12; Lake Forest, 11; Lake George, 1; Libertyville, 1; Lyons, Cook County, 2; Olive Branch, 1; Ravinia, 2; Roby, 2; Warsaw, 1); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 8; Milton, 1); Iowa (Cedar Rapids, 3); Colorado (Fort Lyon, 5); Arkansas (Winslow, 1); North Carolina (Raleigh, 2); Florida (Nassau County, 1; New River, 1; West Jupiter, 6); Mexico (Teapa, Tabasco, 3; Yucatan, Cozumel Island, 1); British Honduras (Ruatan, 1); Guatemala (Gualan, Zacapa, 1); Nicaragua (Mata- galpa, 1; San Geronimo, 1); Costa Rica (Guayabo, 4; Limon, 1); West Indies (Great Bahama, 1; Bimini, 3; Berry, 1; Nassau, New Providence, 2; Inagua, 9; Grand Cayman, 4; Cayman Brae, 1; Jamaica, 3; Haiti, 6; Santo Domingo, 22; Porto Rico, 3; Tortola, 1; Virgin Gorda, 2; St. Croix, 5; Anguilla, 4; St. Eustatius, 7; St. Kitts, 14; Guadeloupe, 2; Marie Galante, 2; Martinique, 9; Barbados, 1; Santa Lucia, 2); Colombia ("Bogota," 2); Venezuela (Caracas, 3; Maracay, Aragua, 1; Lake Valencia, 1; Montana Sierra, Me"rida, 1; Conejos, MeYida, 1; Colon, Tachira, 1). *Setophaga picta picta Swainson. PAINTED REDSTART. Setophaga picta Swainson, Zool. Illust., (2), 1, No. 1, pi. 3, 1829— Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico (type in coll. of D. Taylor); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 256, 1865 — part, Boquillo, Nuevo Leon, and Sierra Madre, near Mazatlan, Sinaloa; Salvin, Ibis, 1878, p. 306 — part, southern Arizona and Mexico; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 179, 1881 — part, Arizona and Mexico (excl. Gineta Mountains); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 415, 1885 — Arizona (Santa Rita Mountains) and Mexico (monog.). Muscicapa leucomus Giraud, Descr. Sixteen Spec. N. Amer. Birds, pi. [6], fig. 1, 1841 — "Texas" (type now in U. S. National Museum). Setophaga picta picta Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 728, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.); Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 22, p. 179, 1906— northwestern Durango (Las Bocas, Matalotes, La Cienaga de las Vacas, Rio Sestin, and Arroyo del Buey); Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 86, 1911— Tam- aulipas (Rampahuila, Potrero, Rio Martinez, Galindo, Realito). Range. — Temperate zone of central and southern Arizona and southern New Mexico and southward over the Mexican tableland to Guerrero and Oaxaca. 25: Arizona (Chiricahua Mountains, 2; Huachuca Mountains, 15; Whetstone Mountains, 1); New Mexico (Fort Bayard, 1); Mexico 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 459 (Sonora, 1; Chihuahua, 1; thirty miles west of Miftaca, 1; Durango, 1; Tamaulipas, 1; unspecified, 1). *Setophaga picta guatemalae Sharpe. GUATEMALAN PAINTED REDSTART. Setophaga picta subsp. o Setophaga guatemalae Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 417, 1885 — Guatemala, no type locality indicated (type in British Museum). Setophaga picta guatemalae Nelson, Auk, 15, p. 159, 1898 — pine forests of the interior of Chiapas; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 729, 1902 — Chiapas, Guatemala, and Honduras (monog.); Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 130, 1907 — near Tecpam, Guatemala; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 340, 1932— Guatemala (Chichi- castenango, Momostenango, Chanquejelve, Uspantan, Huehuetenango, Panajachel, La Montanita, Quezaltenango) ; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 84, p. 335, 1932 — San Juancito, Honduras. Setophaga picta (not of Swainson) Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 12 — Guatemala; Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. 110 — Comayagua, Honduras; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 256, 1865 — part, Guatemala (Volcan de Fuego); Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, p. 16, 1876 — Gineta Mountains, Chiapas, Mexico; Salvin, Ibis, 1878, p. 306 — part, Guatemala; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 179, 1881 — part, Mexico (Gineta Mountains), Guatemala (Volcan de Fuego, ridge near Choi, San Geronimo, Santa Barbara, Chilasco, Tactic), and Honduras (Comayagua). Range. — Temperate zone of Guatemala, Honduras, and northern Nicaragua. 1: Guatemala (near Tecpam, 1). Genus MYIOBORUS Baird Myioborus Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, pp. 237, 257, May, 1865 — type, by orig. desig., Setophaga verticalis Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny. *Myioborus miniatus miniatus (Swainson). RED-BELLIED MYIOBORUS. Setophaga miniata Swainson, Phil. Mag., (n.s.), 1, No. 5, p. 368, May, 1827 — woods of Valladolid, tableland of Mexico (type now in University Museum, Cambridge, Engl.; cf. Salvin, Ibis, 1878, p. 309); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 259, 1865— Mexico (crit.); Salvin, Ibis, 1878, p. 308— part, Mexico (crit.); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 181, 1881 — part, Mexican localities and references; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 418, 1885 — Mexico (near Mexico City, La Parada, Jalapa); Smith, Condor, 11, p. 62, 1909— Morelos. Muscicapa larvata Lichtenstein, Preis-Verz. Saug., Vogel, etc., Mexico, p. 2, 1830 — Mexico (type in Berlin Museum). Muscicapa vulnerata Wagler, Isis, 1831, p. 529 — Mexico (type in Munich Museum). 460 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Setophaga castanea Lesson, Rev. Zool., 2, p. 42, 1839 — Mexico (type in coll. of Dr. Abeill£, Bordeaux). Muscicapa derhamii Giraud, Descr. Sixteen New N. Amer. Bds., p. [13], pi. 3, [fig. 2], 1841 — "Texas," errore (type now in U. S. National Museum). Myiobonis miniatus miniatus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 731, 1902 — Mexico (monog., full bibliog.); van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 286, 1931— Chinobampo, Sonora. Range. — Subtropical zone of Mexico, from southern Sonora (Chinobampo), Sinaloa, and Chihuahua (Jesus Maria) south to Vera Cruz, Puebla, and Oaxaca.1 1: Mexico (unspecified, 1). *Myioborus miniatus intermedius (Hartlaub).2 HARTLAUB'S MYIOBORUS. Setophaga intermedia Hartlaub, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 4, p. 5, Jan., 1852 — Guatemala (type in Bremen Museum examined). Setophaga flammea Kaup, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 19, "1851," p. 50, pub. Oct., 1852 — Guatemala (type in Derby Collection, now in Liverpool Museum) ; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 12 — Guatemala (part, as to Skinner's specimens from Vera Paz); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 259, 1865 — Coban, Guatemala (crit.). Setophaga miniata (not of Swainson) Boucard, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, (n.s.), 25, p. 40, 1878 — Guatemala = Vera Paz (spec, examined); Salvin, Ibis, 1878, p. 308 — part, eastern Guatemala (Coban, Choctum, Chilasco, Carrizal); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 181, 1881 — part, eastern Guatemala (Carrizal, Chilasco, Coban). Setophaga miniata subsp. o Setophaga flammea Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 419, 1885 — part, spec, d-i, Guatemala (Coban, Choctum). Setophaga miniata flammea Nelson, Auk, 15, p. 159, 1898 — Chiapas. 1 A series from Vera Cruz (Jalapa) examined. 2 Myioborus miniatus intermedius (Hartlaub), though nearly allied to the typical race, differs nevertheless by shorter tail, less extensive white apical areas on the lateral rectrices, and less vermilion (grenadine red to scarlet) under parts. Wing, 60-65; tail, 58-64. Through the courtesy of the authorities of the Bremen Museum I have been enabled to examine the type of S. intermedia. The specimen, an unsexed adult, which, by reason of the predominating slaty color on head and throat, I take to be a female, is so badly faded through exposure to light that the original colora- tion of the under parts cannot even be guessed. In proportions (wing, 61; tail, 63) it agrees, however, so perfectly with a series from Alta Vera Paz that I cannot but refer it to the Atlantic form, which thus becomes M. m. intermedius, Hartlaub's name having undoubted priority over Kaup's. The type of S. flammea, an unsexed bird, is labeled: "J. Bates, Guatemala. Sept. 1843." Mr. Kinnear, who, on my request, compared it with the material in the British Museum, reports that in color it cannot be separated from certain western Guatemalan examples, notably one from Duenas. However, the measurements (wing, 60; tail, 63) place it decidedly with the Atlantic form, whereas color characters between the two Guatemalan races are not absolutely constant. Additional material examined. — Guatemala: Finca Sepacuite, 7; La Montanita, 1; Barrillos, 2; La Perla, 2; Coban, 7; unspecified, 1 (the type of S. intermedia). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 461 Myioborus miniatus flammeus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 733, 1902 — part, Chiapas (Tumbala, Yajalon, Chicharros, Tenejapa) and eastern Guatemala (Coban, Choctum); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 341, 1932— Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala (crit.). Range. — Subtropical zone of southeastern Mexico (State of Chiapas) and eastern (Atlantic) Guatemala. 2: Guatemala (Alta Vera Paz, 1; unspecified, 1). *Myioborus miniatus connectens Dickey and van Rossem.1 INTERMEDIATE MYIOBORUS. Myioborus miniatus connectens Dickey and van Rossem, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 41, p. 189, 1928 — Los Esesmiles, Dept. Chalatenango, El Salvador (type in coll. of Donald R. Dickey, Pasadena); Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 84, p. 335, 1932— San Juancito, Honduras. Setophaga flammea (not of Kaup) Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 12 — Guatemala (part, as to Constancia's specimen); Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 37, 1862 — Guatemala (ex Constancia). Setophaga miniata subsp. a Setophaga flammea Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 419, 1885 — part, spec, a-c, k-n, Guatemala (Volcan de Fuego, Duenas, Volcan de Agua). Myioborus miniatus flammeus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 733, 1902 — part, western Guatemala (Volcan de Fuego, Volcan de Agua, Duenas); Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 131, 1907— — near Tecpam, Guatemala. Setophaga miniata (not of Swainson) Salvin, Ibis, 1878, p. 308 — part, western Guatemala (Quezaltenango, Volcan de Fuego) ; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 181, 1881 — part, western Guatemala (Quezalte- nango, Volcan de Fuego, Duenas). Myioborus miniatus intermedius (not Setophaga intermedia Hartlaub) Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 341, 1932— Volcan San Lucas, Chichi- 1 Myioborus miniatus connectens Dickey and van Rossem: Similar to M. m. intermedius, but larger, the tail particularly longer, and under parts decidedly more orange, their color varying from orange chrome to flame scarlet. Wing, 66-70, (female) 63-65; tail, 67-72, (female) 65-68. On comparison with a series from the Atlantic slope, the larger size and the longer tail of the inhabitants of the Pacific Cordillera are quite noticeable. Besides, the under parts in western birds are decidedly more orange, although single individuals, e.g. our Tecpam specimen, hardly differ on this score from certain exceptionally light-bellied east Guatemalan examples. With the material at hand I am not prepared to separate the west Guatemalan form from M . TO. connectens, since two birds from the Volcan de Puca, Honduras, have the under parts of exactly the same orange chrome tone as various light-bellied individuals from San Lucas, Panajachel, etc. It is, of course, quite possible that true connectens, from El Salvador, may reach a paler "extreme" (bittersweet orange), but this can only be determined by the study of adequate series. M. m. connectens forms a highly interesting connecting link to the heretofore specifically separated M . m. aurantiacus. Additional material examined. — Guatemala: San Lucas, 4; Panajachel, 2; Chichicastenango, 2; Antigua, 1; Volcan de Fuego, 5. — Honduras: Volcan de Puca, 2. 462 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII castenango, Antigua, Quezaltenango, Panajachel, and Tecpam, western Guatemala (crit.). Range. — Subtropical zone of western (Pacific) Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras (Volcan de Puca; San Juancito). 1: Guatemala (Tecpam, 1). *Myioborus miniatus aurantiacus (Baird). ORANGE-BELLIED MYIOBORUS. Setophaga aurantiaca Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 261, May, 1865 — Dota Mountains, San JosS, and Barranca, Costa Rica (type from Dota in U. S. National Museum) ; Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 96, 1868 — Grecia, Barranca, and Dota, Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 294, 1869— Candelaria Mountains, Costa Rica; Salvin, Ibis, 1869, p. 313— Costa Rica (crit.); idem, Ibis, 1878, p. 310 — part, Costa Rica; Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 83 — Cartago and Naranjo, Costa Rica; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 182, 1881 — part, Costa Rica; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 421, 1885 — part, spec, a-f, San JosS, Turrialba, and Tucurriqui, Costa Rica; Zeled6n, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 107, 1887— Cartago and Dota; Cherrie, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, p. 528, 1891— Costa Rica (crit.); idem, Anal. Inst. Fis.- Geog. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 6, p. 13, 1894 — Rio Naranjo. Myioborus aurantiacus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 733, 1902— part, Costa Rica; Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 4, p. 30, 1908 —Costa Rica (crit.); Ferry, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 277, 1910 — Guayabo and Coliblanco; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 799, 1910— Costa Rica (habits). Setophaga flammea (not of Kaup) Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 9, p. 85, 1861 — Costa Rica (crit.); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 259, 1865 — part, Costa Rica (ex Cabanis). Range. — Subtropical zone of Costa Rica. 25: Costa Rica (Cartago, 2; Coliblanco, 13; Guayabo, 4; Irazu district, 1; Juan Vinas, 1; Limon, 2; Santa Cruz de Turrialba, 2). Myioborus miniatus accept us Bangs.1 CHiRiQUf MYIOBORUS. Myioborus aurantiacus acceptus Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 4, p. 30, 1908 — Boquete, Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama (type in coll. of E. A. and O. Bangs, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 361, 1930). Setophaga aurantiaca (not of Baird) Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 183 — Calovevora, Veragua, and Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama; idem, 1 Myioborus miniatus acceptus Bangs: Similar to M. m. aurantiacus, but under parts much paler and less orange, chrome yellow rather than cadmium. By the coloration of the lower parts this form marks a decided step in the direction of M. m. pallidiventris, and certain unusually dark-colored South American birds are in fact barely separable on this score, though they differ by slaty rather than blackish front and sides of the head and throat. Material examined. — Panama: Boquete, 4. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 463 Ibis, 1878, p. 310 — part, CaloveVora and Chiriqui; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 182, 1881 — part, Panama (CaloveVora, Chiriqui); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 421, 1885— part, spec, g-i, CaloveVora and Volcan de Chiriqui; Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 61, 1902 — Boquete, Panama. Myioborus aurantiacus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 733, 1902 — part, Panama (Volcan de Chiriqui, Boquete, CaloveVora). Range. — Subtropical zone of western Panama, from Chiriqui east to Veragua (Calove'vora). *Myioborus miniatus pallidiventris (Chapman).1 PALE- BELLIED MYIOBORUS. Setophaga verticalis pallidiventris Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 12, p. 153, 1899 — Quebrada Secca, inland of Cumana, northeastern Venezuela (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Hell- mayr and Seilern, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 48, 1912— Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela (crit.). Myioborus verticalis pallidiventris Hellmayr, Arch. Naturg., 90, A, Heft 2, p. 159, 1924 — Galipan, Cerro del Avila, and Silla de Caracas, Venezuela (crit.); Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 191, p. 10, 1925 — Neveri, Latal, and La Trinidad, Sucre, Venezuela (crit.); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 596, 1926— Mindo, Rios Coco and Chimbo, La Puente, El Chiral, Zaruma, Punta Santa Ana, Guachanama, San Bartolo, Alamor, Cebollal, Celica, Loja, Zamora, Sabanilla, below San Jose, lower Sumaco, upper Sumaco, Baeza, and below Oyacachi, Ecuador (crit.); idem, I.e., 63, p. 114, 1931 — Roraima (Arabupu) and Mount Duida (Agiiita), Venezuela (crit.). 1 Myioborus miniatus pallidiventris (Chapman) : Very similar to M. m. verti- calis, but under parts on average paler yellow, and white apical area to lateral rectrices less extensive. On going again over a considerable amount of material I cannot but agree with Dr. Chapman that the lesser extent of white in the tail serves to distinguish this form, when compared with a series from southern Peru and Bolivia. The intensity of coloration underneath is subject to much individual variation. While nine skins from the mountains inland of Cumana and twenty from the Caracas region undeniably are of a clearer as well as more uniform yellow than those from any other locality, similar individuals may likewise be encountered in other parts of the range, although the majority are more richly colored with a more or less pronounced ochraceous wash on the chest. The last-named feature is most strongly developed in specimens from western Colombia, some of them being quite as dark as M. m. acceptus from Chiriqui. Birds from Carabobo (Cumbre de Valencia) are exactly intermediate between those of northeastern Venezuela and those of Colombia, while Merida specimens agree with the latter. Western Ecuadorean examples are again rather pale below and, furthermore, have less black on the forehead and sides of the crown. Additional material examined. — Venezuela: mountains near Cumana (Quebrada Secca, Los Palmales, etc.), 9; Galipan, Cerro del Avila, 19; Silla de Caracas, 1; Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo, 9; Me>ida region (M6rida, El Valle, Escorial), 12. — Colombia: Bogota, 22; western Andes (San Antonio, Las Lomitas, etc.), 8. — Western Ecuador (Niebli, Pichincha, Ibarra, Chimbo): 12. — Eastern Ecuador: Papallacta, 3. 464 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Myioborus pallidiventris Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 414, 1921 — Roraima. Setophaga verticalis (not of Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny) Kaup, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 19, "1851," p. 50, Oct., 1852— "Bogota" (diag.); Sclater, I.e., 23, p. 144, 1855— "Bogota"; idem, I.e., 27, p. 137, 1859— Pallatanga, Ecuador; idem, I.e., 28, p. 84, 1860 — Perucho and Puellaro, Ecuador; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 37, 1862— "Bogota" and Pallatanga; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 258, 1865 — "Bogotd" and Ecuador; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 166 — Carip6 and Caracas, Venezuela; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 323 — Alto, Santa Rosa, and Canuto, eastern Andes of Colombia; Salvin, Ibis, 1878, p. 311 — part, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 495 — Con- cordia and Santa Elena, Colombia (eggs descr.) ; Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1880, p. 118 — San Sebastian, Colombia; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 284, 1884 — Bucaramanga, Colombia; Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 541— Chimbo, Ecuador; idem, I.e., 1884, p. 287— Cayandeled, Ecuador; idem, I.e., 1885, p. 75 — Mapoto and Machay, Ecuador; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 420, 1885 — part, spec, d-t, Ecuador (Pallatanga, "Quito," Jima), Colombia ("Bogota," Concordia, Santa Elena, San Sebastian, San Salvador), Venezuela (Caracas), and British Guiana (Roraima); Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 203 — Roraima; Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 480, 1898— Ibarra, Ecuador; Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 180, 1898— San Miguel, Colombia; idem, Proc. New Engl. Zool. CL, 1, p. 80, 1899— San Sebastian and El Mamon, Colombia; Sal- vadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 10, 1899— Niebli, Ecuador; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 176, 1900— Las Nubes, Valparaiso, and El Libano, Colombia; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 315 — west side of Pichincha and Papallacta, Ecuador (crit.). Myioborus verticalis M6negaux, Miss. Serv. Geogr. Armee Mes. Arc Merid. Equat., 9, p. B. 71, 1911 — Mindo and "Quito," Ecuador; Piguet, Mem. Soc. NeuchSt. Sci. Nat., 5, p. 808, 1914— Cafetal La Camelia, near Angel- opolis, Colombia; Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 78, 1922 — near Niebli, Tumbaco, below Nono, and Chinguil, Ecuador; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 444, 1922 — Macotama, La Concepcion, Chirua, Las Nubes, Valparaiso, Cincinnati, Las Taguas, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Las Vegas, Pueblo Viejo, and Heights of Chirua, Colombia (habits, crit.). Myioborus verticalis verticalis Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 548, 1917 — Colombia (Paramillo, Las Lomitas, San Antonio, near Popayan, Cerro Munchique, Gallera, La Sierra, Miraflores, Salento, Santa Elena, Barro Blanco, Rio Toche, El Eden, La Candela, near San Agustin, Anda- lucia, Fusugasuga, El Roble). Range. — Subtropical zone of Venezuela (Mounts Roraima and Duida; north coast mountains east to Sucre"), Colombia, and Ecuador. 13: Colombia (Bogota, 6; Castilla, Cauca, 1; San Agustin, Huila, 1; Paramo de Tama, 2); Venezuela (Maracay, Aragua, 1; Conejos, Me'rida, 1; Sierra de M6rida, 1). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 465 *Myioborus niiniatus verticalis (Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny). RUFOUS-CROWNED MYIOBORUS. Setophaga verticalis Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 50, 1837 — Ayupaya, Bolivia (type in Paris Museum examined); d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame"r. Me>id., Ois., p. 330, pi. 35, fig. 1, 1840— Bolivia; Tschudi, Arch. Naturg., 10, (1), p. 276, 1844— Peru; idem, Unters. Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 191, 1846 — eastern Peru; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 185 — San Antonio, Dept. Cuzco, Peru; idem, I.e., 1876, p. 16— Huiro and Potrero, Dept. Cuzco, Peru; Salvin, Ibis, 1878, p. 311 — part, Bolivia and Peru; Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 223— Tambillo, Peru; Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1879, p. 594— Tipuani, Yungas, Bolivia; Taczanowski, I.e., 1882, p. 7 — Chirimoto, Peru; idem, Orn. Per., 1, p. 481, 1884 — Peruvian localities; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 420, 1885 — part, spec, a-c, Bolivia (Tipuani) and Peru (San Antonio); Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 332 — La Gloria and Garita del Sol, Dept. Junin, Peru; idem, Ornis, 13, p. 107, 1906 — Huaynapata, Peru. Setophaga verticalis verticalis Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 32, p. 178, 1925— Ayupaya, Bolivia. Myioborus verticalis Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 508 — Monterico, Montana de Vitoc, and Ropaybamba, Peru; Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 106, 1921— Idma and San Miguel Bridge, Peru. Myioborus verticalis verticalis Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35, p. 458, 1918 — Tabaconas and Huancabamba, Peru; Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 425, 1930— Huachipa, Peru (crit.). Range. — Subtropical zone of Bolivia and Peru (east of the Cordillera de la Costa).1 6: Bolivia (Roquefalda, Cochabamba, 1); Peru (Hacienda Limon, near Balsas, 3; Huachipa, Huanuco, 2). *Myioborus torquatus (Baird). COLLARED MYIOBORUS. Setophaga torquata Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 261, May, 1865 — San Jose, Costa Rica (type in U. S. National Museum); Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 136 — Cordillera de TolS, Veragua; Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 96, 1868— San Jose and La Palma, Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 294, 1869 — La Palma, Costa Rica; Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 53 — Volcan de Irazu, Costa Rica; Salvin, Ibis, 1878, p. 319 — Costa Rica and Panama (Volcan de Chiriqui, Cordil- lera de Tol6) (monog.); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 183, pi. 10, fig. 2, 1881— same localities; Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5, p. 495, 1882— Volcan de Irazu; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 424, 1885 — Costa Rica and Veragua (Cordillera de Tole") ; Zeledon, Anal. Mus. 1 Specimens from northern Peru, while more or less intermediate in extent of white tail markings, appear as a whole to go better with the southern race. Additional specimens examined. — Bolivia: Yungas of La Paz, 8; Ayupaya, 1 (the type). — Peru: Santo Domingo, 5; Inambari Val, 2; Caradoc, Marcapata, 2; Ropaybamba, 1; Garita del Sol, Vitoc, 1; Tambillo, Prov. Chota, 2. 466 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 107, 1887 — Volcan de Irazu; Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. CL, 3, p. 61, 1902 — Boquete and Volcan de Chiriquf, Panama. Myioborus torquatus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 735, 1902 — Costa Rica and Chiriqui (monog.); Ferry, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 277, 1910— Coliblanco and Volcan de Turrialba, Costa Rica; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 798, 1910 — Costa Rica (Volcan de Turrialba, El Copey, Las Vueltas de Dota, La Estrella de Cartago, Burgos de Irazu, Escazu, Volcan de Irazu, Achiote de Poas, Cachi, La Hondura, Ujurras de T&raba). Range. — Highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama, east to Veragua (Cordillera de Tele").1 13: Costa Rica (Coliblanco, 7; Irazu, 4; Volcan de Turrialba, 1); Panama (Boquete, 1). *Myioborus ornatus ornatus (Boissonneau). YELLOW-CROWNED MYIOBORUS. Setophaga ornata Boissonneau, Rev. Zool., 3, p. 70, 1840 — Santa F6 de Bogota, Colombia (type now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.;2 cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 361, 1930); Bonaparte, Atti Sesta Riun. Sci. Ital. Milano, p. 405, 1845— Bogota; Kaup, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 19, "1851," p. 50, Oct., 1852— "Andes" (diag.); Sclater, I.e., 23, p. 144, 1855— Bogota; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 37, 1862— Bogota; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, pp. 255, 258, 1865— Bogota (in part); Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 323— Potreras, Santander, Colombia; Salvin, Ibis, 1878, p. 315 — Bogota and Potreras, Colombia (monog.); Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 284, 1884— Bucaramanga; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 426, 1885— Bogota. Setophaga flaveola Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 7, p. 81, 1844 — Colombie= "Bogota" (type in coll. of F. de Lafresnaye, now in Museum of Compara- tive Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 361, 1930;= juv.); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 144, 1855— Bogota (ex Lafresnaye). Setophaga leucomphomma Kaup, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 19, "1851," p. 49, pub. Oct., 1852 — Bogota (type in coll. of Lord Derby, now in Liverpool Museum ;= juv.); Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 37, 1862— Bogota. Setophaga leucophomma Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 144, 1855 — Bogota (ex Kaup). Myioborus ornatus Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 549, 1917 — Chipaque, El Pinon, and El Roble, eastern Andes of Colombia (crit.). Range. — Temperate zone of the eastern Andes of Colombia and of the adjoining district of Tachira, Venezuela (Paramo de Tama).3 1 No material seen from Veragua. Five Chiriqui skins agree very well with a Costa Rican series. 2 Another alleged type, bought from Boissonneau in 1841, is in the Vienna Museum. 3 1 find much variation in the intensity of the yellow color on the crown and under parts; but whether this has any geographical significance I am unable to 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 467 10: Colombia ("Bogota," 2; Cachiri, Santander, 2; Paramo de Tama, 3; unspecified, 1); Venezuela (Paramo de Tama, 2). *Myioborus ornatus chrysops (Salvin).1 GOLDEN-FACED MYIOBORUS. Setophaga chrysops Salvin, Ibis, (4), 2, p. 314, pi. 7, fig. 2, 1878 — Santa Elena, Antioquia, Colombia (type in Salvin-Godman Collection, now in British Museum); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 495 — Retire, Santa Elena, and Frontino (eggs descr.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 427, 1885 — Colombia (Santa Elena, Frontino, and Retire, Antioquia). Setophaga flaveola (not of Lafresnaye) Kaup, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 19, "1851," p. 50, pub. Oct., 1852— "Columbia" = Paramo of Popayan (diag.). Myioborus chrysops Piguet, Mem. Soc. Neuchat. Sci. Nat., 5, p. 808, 1914 — Medellin; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 549, 1917— Para- millo, Andes west of Popayan, Cocal, Laguneta, Santa Isabel, Santa Elena, Rio Toch6, El Eden, Almaguer, and Valle de las Pappas, Colombia. Range. — Temperate zone of the western and central Andes of Colombia. 3: Colombia (Almaguer, central Andes, Cauca, 1; Laguneta, west Quindio Andes, Cauca, 1; unspecified, 1). Myioborus melanocephalus bolivianus Chapman.2 BOLIVIAN MYIOBORUS. say, nearly all the specimens examined being native "Bogota" skins. According to Chapman, birds from the eastern slope average paler. Additional material examined. — Colombia: Bucaramanga, 1; "Bogota," 20. 1 Myioborus ornatus chrysops (Salvin) : Similar to M. o. ornatus, but chiefly distinguished by having the loral and auricular region deep yellow instead of white, and the yellow color on the upper part of the head restricted to the fore- crown, leaving the posterior portion blackish like the hind neck. The yellow color on the head and under parts is generally of a richer tone. Additional material examined. — Western Andes: Paramo of Popayan, 6. — Central Andes: Santa Elena, 3; Frontino, 1. 2 Myioborus melanocephalus bolivianus Chapman: Exceedingly close to M. m. melanocephalus, but under parts, particularly on throat and chest, slightly paler, lemon chrome rather than light cadmium, and white area on the inner web of the third rectrix (from without) generally more extensive. Wing (adult male), 67>£- 71; tail, 68-74. Rather a poor race, whose only constant character consists of the paler yellow under parts, although certain Peruvian individuals are very nearly as light-bellied as Bolivian birds. I find much individual variation in the extent of the yellow markings on the front and sides of the head, and while the white area on the lateral tail feathers, especially on the third pair, is, as a rule, more extended in Bolivian specimens, some from Peru, including one from Chachapoyas, have just as much white in the tail. Material examined. — Bolivia: Cocapata, 11; San Crist6bal, 1. 468 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Myioborus melanocephalus bolivianos Chapman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 265, 1919 — Incachaca, Prov. Cochabamba, Bolivia (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York). Setophaga melanocephala (not of Tschudi) Salvin, Ibis, 1878, p. 312 — part, Simacu, Bolivia; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 594 — Simacu and Tilotilo, Bolivia; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 427, 1885 — part, spec, e-g, Simacu, Bolivia; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 79, 1889— Bolivia. Range. — Humid Temperate zone of western Bolivia (depts. of La Paz and Cochabamba). *Myioborus melanocephalus melanocephalus (Tschudi). BLACK-CROWNED MYIOBORUS. Setophaga melanocephala Tschudi, Arch. Naturg., 10, (1), p. 276, 1844 — Peru (type in Neuchatel Museum); idem, Unters. Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 192, pi. 12, fig. 1, 1846— Peru; Kaup, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 19, "1851," p. 50, pub. Oct., 1852— Peru (diag.); Salvin, Ibis, 1878, p. 312— part, Peru (Chilpes, Pumamarca, Khachupata); Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 7 — Chachapoyas and Tamiapampa (descr. juv.); idem, Orn. Per., 1, p. 479, 1884 — Peru (Higos, Ropaybamba, Pumamarca, Chilpes, Chachapoyas); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 427, 1885— part, spec, a-d, Pumamarca, Tamiapampa, and Khachupata, Peru; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 332 — Garita del Sol, Maraynioc, and Vitoc, Dept. Junfn. Myioborus melanocephalus Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 509 — Chilpes and Pumamarca, Dept. Junin. Myioborus melanocephalus melanocephalus Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 106, 1921— San Miguel Bridge and Torontoy, Urubamba, Peru; Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 426, 1930— Huanuco Mountains and Panao, Dept. Huanuco (crit.). Range. — Humid Temperate zone of eastern Peru, from Dept. Amazonas (east of the Maranon) south to Marcapata.1 10: Peru (Molinopampa, 3; Huanuco Mountains, 3; Panao, Huanuco, 4). Myioborus melanocephalus griseonuchus Chapman.2 GRAY- NAPED MYIOBORUS. 1 Birds from extreme southeastern Peru (Santo Domingo and Marcapata) sometimes closely approach the Bolivian form (M. m. bolivianus) in the paleness of the under parts. One of the Molinopampa birds shows traces of rufous margins to the bases of the central occipital feathers, thus pointing to M. bairdi, which is clearly conspecific. Additional material examined. — Peru: Chachapoyas, 3; Garita del Sol, 2; San Miguel Bridge, Urubamba, 7; Santo Domingo, 4; Marcapata, 5. 2 Myioborus melanocephalus griseonuchus Chapman: Similar to M. m. bairdi, but with hardly any black on the nape; the brown crown patch on average smaller; 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 469 Myioborus bairdi griseonuchus Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 250, p. 5, 1927 — Taulis, Pacific slope northeast of Pacasmayo, Peru (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York). Setophaga bairdi (not of Salvin) Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 224— Chota, Peru; idem, Orn. Per., 1, p. 480, 1884— Chota and Cutervo, Peru; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 423, 1885— part, Peru. Myioborus bairdi Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 598, 1926 — part, Peru (El Tambo). Range. — Humid Temperate zone of northwestern Peru, in depts. of Piura (El Tambo) and Cajamarca (Taulis; Chugur; Chota). *Myioborus melanocephalus bairdi Salvin. BAIRD'S MYIOBORUS. Setophaga bairdi Salvin, Ibis, (4), 2, p. 317, pi. 8, fig. 1, 1878— Sical, Ecuador (type in Salvin-Godman Collection, now in British Museum); Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 286 — Cechce; idem, I.e., 1885, p. 75 — San Rafael and Mapoto; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 423, 1885 — part, Ecuador (Matos, "Quito," Sical, San Lucas); Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 480, 1898 — Mount Cayambe; Salvador! and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 10, 1899— Huaca, El Troje, "Gualea," Chaupi, "Nanegal," "Intag," Chinguil (Lloa), Frutillas, Lloa, Niebli, Pululagua, and Papallacta; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 315 — Milligalli (western side of Corazon), western Pichincha, and Papallacta. Myioborus bairdi Menegaux, Miss. Serv. Geogr. Armee Mes. Arc Me>id. Equat., 9, p. B. 72, 1911 — Lanlin and Pichincha; Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 78, 1922— Chinguil and below Nono; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 598, 1926— part, Ecuador (Hacienda Garzon, Pichincha, Yanacocha, Verdecocha, Urbina, Taraguacocha, above Loja, Tambillo, Zuna, Rio Upano, Asilan, upper Sumaco, above Baeza, Rio Sardinas, below Papallacta, and Oyacachi); Berlioz, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 34, p. 73, 1928— Pilon and Aluguincho; idem, I.e., (2), 4, p. 625, 1932— Las Palmas and El Portete de Tarqui. Setophaga ruficoronata (not of Kaup) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 26, p. 550, 1858— Matos; idem, I.e., 28, p. 74, 1860— Lloa; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 37, 1862— Matos; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 255, 1865— Ecuador (crit.). Range. — Humid Temperate zone of Ecuador.1 2: Ecuador (Chical, Prov. Canar, 1; Quito, 1). the third pair of rectrices (from without) usually with a terminal wedge-shaped white marking. With only a single example (from Chota) before me, I am not able to speak with confidence of the characters of this race. The bird certainly has less black admixture on the nape than any specimen of typical bairdi I have seen, but in color of crown or extent of white on the third rectrix it does not differ from various Ecuadorian examples. 1 Twenty specimens from western and four from eastern Ecuador examined. 470 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII *Myioborus ruficoronatus (Kaup).' CHESTNUT-CROWNED MYIOBORUS. Setophaga ruficoronata Kaup, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 19, "1851," p. 49, pub. Oct., 1852 — no locality indicated (the type in the Derby Collection, now in Liverpool Museum, is said to be from [no doubt, above] Cali, Colombia) ; Salvin, Ibis, 1878, p. 316, pi. 7, fig. 1— "Cali," Colombia, and Yauayaca, Ecuador (crit.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 425, 1885— Colombia (Pasto) and Ecuador (foot of Pichincha and Yauayaca) ; Taczanowski and Berlepsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, p. 75 — San Rafael, Ecuador; Salvador! and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 10, 1899— Ecuador. Myioborus ruficoronatus Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 598, 1926 — Oyacachi, Ecuador. (?) Setophaga ornata (not of Boissonneau) Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 255, 1865 — part (spec, in coll. of Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia). Range. — Humid Temperate zone of southern Colombia (Pasto; above Cali) and Ecuador (foot of Mount Pichincha; San Rafael; Oyacachi). 1: Ecuador (San Lucas, 1). *Myioborus albifrons (Sclater and Salvin).2 WHITE-FRONTED MYIOBORUS. Setophaga albifrons Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., "1870," pp. 780, 784, pub. 1871 — Sierra Nevada of Me>ida, Venezuela (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum); Salvin, Ibis, 1878, p. 318, pi. 8, fig. 2 — Merida, Venezuela (crit.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 422, 1885— Sierra Nevada of Merida. Range. — Humid Temperate zone of western Venezuela (Cordil- lera of MeYida). 2: Venezuela (Escorial, 1; Sierra Nevada, Me*rida, 1). 1 Myioborus ruficoronatus (Kaup) is a very little-known form, of which but a few specimens have been recorded. Aside from its larger size, it differs from M. m. bairdi principally by the absence of black on the anterior crown, the forehead being bright yellow like the orbicular region. There is but a short black lateral border to the amber-brown crown, much narrower than in M . m. bairdi and not reaching the eye, while the black loral spot is barely suggested by an obsolete dusky streak. Dr. Chapman mentions various specimens of M. m. bairdi (from eastern Ecuador) as approaching M . ruficoronatus in the coloration of the forehead, yet both species are listed by him from Oyacachi. Under these circumstances the proper understanding of their relationship seems to require further investigation. Material examined. — Ecuador: Oyacachi, 1; unspecified, 1. 1 Myioborus albifrons (Sclater and Salvin) : Most nearly related to M. melano- cephalus bairdi, but frontal edge, lores, and orbital ring pure white instead of yellow, and rufous crown feathers tipped with black. Size about the same. The yellow of the under parts varies much the same as in M. m. bairdi, with which M. albifrons may ultimately prove to be conspecific, although the characters given above serve to distinguish it at a glance. Additional material examined. — Venezuela: Sierra of Merida, 5. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 471 *Myioborus flavivertex (Salvin).1 YELLOW-CROWNED MYIOBORUS. Setophaga flavivertex Salvin, Ibis, (5), 5, p. 129, pi. 4, 1887 — neighborhood of the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Colombia (type in Salvin-Godman Collection, now in British Museum); Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 180, 1898— Macotama; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 176, 1900— El Libano (nest descr.). Myioborus flavivertex Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 443, 1922 — El Libano, San Lorenzo, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, San Miguel, Cerro de Caracas, Macotama, Paramo de Mamarongo, and Heights of Chirua (habits). Range. — Subtropical and Temperate zones of the Santa Marta region, northern Colombia. 1: Colombia (San Lorenzo, Santa Marta, 1). *M yioborus brunniceps brunniceps (Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny). BROWN-CAPPED MYIOBORUS. Setophaga brunniceps Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 50, 1837 — Ayupaya, Bolivia (type in Paris Museum examined); d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Merid., Ois., p. 330, pi. 35, fig. 1, 1840— Prov. Yungas, Bolivia; Burmeister, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 473, 1861 — Tucu- man (crit.); Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 166, 1909 — Tucuman; Hellmayr, I.e., 32, p. 178, 1925 — Bolivia and Argentina (crit.). Setophaga brunneiceps Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 258, 1865 — Bolivia (crit.); Salvin, Ibis, 1878, p. 312— Bolivia (monog.); White, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 595 — Sierra de Totoral, Catamarca; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 428, 1885 — Catamarca and Bolivia; Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 1, p. 21, 1888 — Sierra de Totoral, Catamarca; Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 5, 1897 — San Lorenzo, Jujuy, and Lesser Salta; Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 173, 1902— Dept. Tafi, Tucuman; Bruch, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 11, p. 257, 1904— Oran, Salta; Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, p. 40, 1905— Dept. Tafi, Tucuman. Setophaga bruneiceps Koslowsky, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6, p. 289, 1895 — Catamarca. Setophaga virescens Burmeister, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 251, 1860 — Tucuman (type in Halle Museum examined). Myioborus brunneiceps Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 369, 1910 (range in Argentina); Dinelli, El Hornero, 1, p. 61, 1918 — north- western Argentina (habits); Giacomelli, I.e., 3, p. 67, 1923 — La Rioja; 1 Myioborus flavivertex (Salvin) : Most nearly, and possibly subspecifically, related to M. albifrons, but readily distinguished by having the crown lemon yellow instead of light rufous; the back olivaceous green instead of slate gray, with the edges to the remiges more olivaceous, less slaty; the throat and chest tinged with ochraceous, etc. No material is at present available, but the specimens examined several years ago in the collection of the Carnegie Museum appeared to me well differenti- ated from M. albifrons, although the two birds may ultimately prove to be conspecific. 472 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 370, 1926— Sierra San Xavier, above Tafl Viejo, Tucuman. Range. — Subtropical zone of Bolivia and northwestern Argentina, south to La Rioja and Catamarca.1 2: Argentina (Aconquija, Tucuman, 1; Conception, Tucuman, 1). Myioborus brunniceps castaneocapillus (Cabanis).2 RORAIMA MYIOBORUS. Setophaga castaneocapilla Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, p. 667, "1848"[=1849]— Roraima, British Guiana (type in Berlin Mus- eum); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 259, 1865 (crit.); Salvin, Ibis, 1878, p. 313 — Roraima (monog.); idem, Ibis, 1885, p. 203 — Roraima; idem, Ibis, 1886, p. 500 — Mount Twek-quay, British Guiana. Setophaga castaneicapilla Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 429, 1885 — Roraima. Myioborus castaneicapillus Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 415, pi. 6, fig. 2, 1921 — Roraima and "Caramang River," British Guiana; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 63, p. 116, 1931 — Roraima (Arabupu, Philipp Camp, Rondon Camp). Setophaga ruficapilla "Cab." Kaup, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 19, "1851," p. 49, Oct., 1852 — Guiana (diag.; lapsus for S. castaneocapilla Cabanis). Range. — Subtropical zone of Mount Twek-quay, British Guiana, and Mount Roraima, on the confines of British Guiana and Venezuela. Myioborus brunniceps duidae Chapman.3 DUIDA MYIOBORUS. Myioborus duidae Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 380, p. 24, 1929 — Central Camp, Mount Duida, Venezuela (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 63, p. 116, 1931— Mount Duida. Range. — Subtropical zone of Mount Duida, Venezuela. 1 Argentine specimens appear to be inseparable. The type of S. virescens is aberrant, lacking as it does the white orbital rim and supraloral streak, which, in other Argentine birds, are just as well-marked as in Bolivian examples. Additional material examined. — Bolivia: Yungas (the type), 1; Valle Grande, 2; Santa Ana, 1; Quebrada Onda, 1. — Argentina: Metan, Salta, 3; Taff, Tucu- man, 4; "Tucuman," 1. 2 Myioborus brunniceps castaneocapillus (Cabanis) resembles M. b. brunniceps in the (lemon chrome) coloration of the posterior under parts, but has the throat and foreneck tinged with primuline yellow and lacks the yellowish citrine dorsal area, the whole back and hind neck being dark hair brown, while the white terminal zone of the lateral rectrices is more extended, especially on the outermost pair, where it reaches the very base. Material examined. — British Guiana: Roraima, 10; Mount Twek-quay, 2. 3 Myioborus brunniceps duidae Chapman: Closely similar to M. b. castaneo- capillus, but under parts bright orange instead of lemon chrome, the dorsal surface less brownish, deep grayish olive rather than hair brown, and with a conspicuous white supraloral streak. Wing, 68-70, (female) 64; tail, 68-69, (female) 65. Material examined. — Venezuela: Mount Duida, 4. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 473 Genus EUTHLYPIS Cabanis1 Eulhlypis Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 18, Oct., 1851 — type, by orig. desig., Euthlypis lacrymosa C&banis=Basileuterus lachrymosa Bonaparte. Euthlypis lachrymosa tephra Ridgway.2 WESTERN FAN-TAILED WARBLER. Euthlypis lachrymosa tephra Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 738, 1902— Hacienda de San Rafael, Chihuahua, Mexico (type in U. S. National Museum); Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 21, p. 366, 1905 — Escuinapa, Sinaloa; McLellan, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 16, p. 44, 1927 — near San Bias, Nayarit; Grinnell and Lamb, Condor, 29, p. 126, 1927 — Santo Domingo, Lower California (Dec. 31, 1925); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 206, 1928 — same locality; van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 286, 1931— Guirocoba, Sonora (crit.)i Euthlypis lachrymosa (not of Cabanis) Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 2, p. 270, 1874— Mazatlan, Sinaloa (habits); Jouy, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 778, 1893 — Barranca Ibarra, Jalisco (habits). Setophaga lacrymosa Salvin, Ibis, 1878, p. 320 — part, Mazatlan; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 184, 1881 — part, Mazatlan. Range. — Western Mexico, from Sonora and Chihuahua south to Jalisco; casual in Lower California (Santo Domingo, Dec. 31, 1925). Euthlypis lachrymosa lachrymosa (Bonaparte). FAN-TAILED WARBLER. Basileuterus lachrymosa Bonaparte,8 Consp. Gen. Av., 1, (2), p. 314, end of 1850 — Mexico (type in Berlin Museum). Euthlypis lacrymosa4 Cabanis,3 Mus. Hein., 1, p. 19 (footnote), Oct., 1851 — Lagunas, Mexico (type in Berlin Museum); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 24, p. 291, 1856— Cordova, Vera Cruz; idem, I.e., 27, p. 363, 1859— Jalapa, Vera Cruz; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 36, 1862 — Jalapa; Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, p. 546, 1869 — Penuela, near Cordova, Vera Cruz; Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 138, 1886— Acatlan, Puebla. 1 A very poor genus which had better be united to Basileuterus. 1 This race is of very doubtful validity, since I am unable to appreciate any of its supposed characters in the two specimens (both from Jalisco) before me. Van Rossem (I.e.) believes its separation to be due to post mortem change of the original specimens. Without a good series of fresh skins the problem cannot be satisfactorily solved. 3 The evidence produced by Zimmer (Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 16, pp. 68, 122, 1926) seems to give priority to Bonaparte's name, unless the advance sheets of the "Museum Heineanum," that were in circulation long before the actual issue of the work, be considered as constituting publication. Both Bona- parte's and Cabanis's descriptions were based on the very same specimen from Lagunas, Mexico, in the Berlin Museum. 4 Often spelled "lachrymosa." 474 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Euthlypis lachrymosa lachrymosa Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 736, 1902 — part, southeastern Mexico (excl. of Chiapas); Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 86, 1911 — Santa Leonor, Tamaulipas; Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 67, p. 484, 1927— Presidio, Vera Cruz; idem, I.e., 68, p. 401, 1928— Chivela, Oaxaca. Setophaga lachrymosa Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 263, 1865 — part, Mexico; Salvin, Ibis, 1878, p. 320 — part, eastern Mexico (Lagunas, Cordova, Jalapa); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 184, pi. 11, fig. 2, 1881 — part, Mexico (Lagunas, Vera Cruz, Cordova, Jalapa, Santa Efigenia); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 430, 1885— part, spec, a-c, Jalapa, Cordova, and Santa Efigenia (Tehuantepec), Mexico. Range. — Tropical zone of eastern Mexico, from Tamaulipas (Santa Leonor) south to Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Vera Cruz. *Euthlypis lachrymosa schistacea Dickey and van Rossem.1 SOUTHERN FAN-TAILED WARBLER. Euthlypis lachrymosa schistacea Dickey and van Rossem, Condor, 28, p. 270, 1926 — Pine Peaks, Volcan Conchagua, El Salvador (type in coll. of Donald R. Dickey, Pasadena); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 342, 1932 — western Guatemala (crit.). Euthlypis lac(h)rymosa Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1860, p. 274 — Alotenango, Guatemala; Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6, p. 138, 1883— Ometepe, Nicaragua. Euthlypis lachrymosa lachrymosa Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 736, 1902 — part, Chiapas (Tuxtla), Guatemala, and Nicaragua (Ome- tepe); Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 12, No. 8, p. 36, 1919— OmetSpe, Nicaragua. Setophaga lachrymosa (not Basileuterus lachrymosa Bonaparte) Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 263, 1865 — part, Savanna Grande, Guatemala; Salvin, Ibis, 1878, p. 320 — part, forests between the volcanoes of Agua and Fuego, Guatemala; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 184, 1881 — part, Guatemala (Alotenango and Savanna Grande); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 430, 1885 — part, spec, d-i, Guatemala (Volcan de Agua, Barranca Honda, Alotenango). Range. — Tropical zone of western Chiapas (Tuxtla), western Guatemala, El Salvador, and northwestern Nicaragua. 1: Guatemala (Barranca Honda, 1). Genus ERGATICUS Baird Ergaticus Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, pp. 237, 264, 1865 — type, by orig. desig., Setophaga rubra Swainson. 1 Euthlypis lachrymosa schistacea Dickey and van Rossem: Similar in coloration to E. I. lachrymosa, but with larger, stouter bill. While we have not seen any typical Salvador material, three adults from Guatemala (Volcan de Agua) and one from Nicaragua (Lake Managua region) have larger bills than any specimen of more northern origin. In coloration I cannot detect the slightest difference from Mexican birds, this finding being in agreement with van Rossem's recent conclusion (Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, pp. 286-287, 1931). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 475 "Ergaticus ruber ruber (Swainson). RED WARBLER. Setophaga rubra Swainson, Phil. Mag., (n.s.), 1, p. 368, May, 1827 — Val- ladolid, Michoacan, Mexico (type in Bullock Collection); idem, Anim. Menag., p. 293, 1837— Toluca, Mexico. Cardellina rubra Cassin, Illust. Bds. Calif., etc., p. 265, pi. 43, 1854 — Mexico; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 24, p. 292, 1856— El Jacale, Vera Cruz; idem, I.e., 26, p. 299, 1858 — La Parada, Oaxaca; idem, I.e., 27, pp. 363, 374, 1859 — Jalapa (Vera Cruz), and Llano Verde and Totontepec (Oaxaca) ; idem, I.e., 1864, p. 173 — vicinity of Mexico City; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 264, 1865 — Mexico (Jalapa, Mirador, Orizaba); Duges, La Natura- leza, 1, p. 140, 1868 — valley of Mexico; Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, p. 546, 1869 — alpine region of Vera Cruz; Finsch, Abhandl. Naturw. Ver. Bremen, 2, p. 329, 1870— "Mazatlan," errore. Ergaticus ruber Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 164, 1881— Mexico; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 406, 1885— near Mexico City, Jalapa, Oaxaca, and Ciudad Durango, Mexico; Ferrari- Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 138, 1886— Puebla (Istaccihuatl, Chachapa, Teziutlan); Cox, Auk, 12, p. 358, 1895 — Mount Orizaba; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 10, p. 40, 1898— Las Vegas, Vera Cruz; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 759, 1902 (monog., full bibliog.). Sylvia miniata Lafresnaye, Mag. Zool., 6, el. 2, pi. 54, 1836 — Las Vegas, near Jalapa, Mexico (type in coll. of F. de Lafresnaye, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 362, 1930). Pants leucotis Giraud, Descr. Sixteen Spec. N. Amer. Birds, pi. [4], fig. 1, 1841 — "Texas" (type probably in U. S. National Museum); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 65, 1855 (crit.). Range. — Temperate zone of Mexico, from Sinaloa and Durango south to Vera Cruz and Oaxaca.1 1: Mexico (Amecameca, 1). ''Ergaticus ruber versicolor (Salvin).2 PINK-HEADED WARBLER. Cardellina versicolor Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1863, p. 188, pi. 24, fig. 1 — Volcan de Fuego, Totonicapam, and Chilasco, Guatemala (type, from Chilasco, now in British Museum); idem, Ibis, 1866, p. 192 — same local- ities; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 265, 1865 — Totonicapam (crit.). Ergaticus versicolor Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 165, pi. 11, fig. 1, 1881— Guatemala (Volcan de Fuego, Solola, Totonicapam, Chilasco); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 407, 1885— same localities; Nelson, Auk, 15, p. 159, 1898— central Chiapas; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 760, 1902 — Guatemala and Chiapas, Mexico (monog.); Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 131, 1907— 1 Bonaparte's record of "Setophaga rubra" from Guatemala (cf. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 5, p. 118, 1837) is unreliable. 2 A strongly marked form, although conspecific with E. ruber according to ny point of view. 476 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII cypress region of Guatemala; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 346, 1932 — Guatemala (Chichicastenango, San Mateo, Santa Ilania, Zanjon, Tecpam, Quezaltenango). Range. — Temperate zone of western Guatemala and extreme southern Mexico (Pinabete and San Cristobal, State of Chiapas). 10: Guatemala (Quezaltenango, 1; Sierra Santa Elena, 1; near Tecpam, 7; Volcan de Fuego, 1). Genus BASILEUTERUS Cabanis Basileuterus Cabanis,1 in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, p. 666, "1848" [=1849] — type, by monotypy, Basileuterus vermivorus Cabanis (not Sylvia vermivora Vieillot) =Basileuterus culicivorus auricapillus (Swainson).2 Myiotklypis Bonaparte,8 Consp. Gen. Av., 1, (2), p. 311, end of 1850 — type, by subs, desig. (Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 17, Oct., 1851), Trichas nigro- cristatus Lafresnaye. Idiotes Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 247, 1865 — type, by orig. desig., Seto- phaga rufifrons Swainson. PhaeoMypis Todd,4 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 8, 1929— type, by orig. desig., Muscicapa fulvicauda Spix. *Basileuterus nigro-cristatus nigro-cristatus (Lafresnaye). BLACK-CRESTED WARBLER. Trichas nigro-cristatus Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 3, p. 230, 1840 — Santa Fe de Bogota, Colombia (type in coll. of F. de Lafresnaye, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 362, 1930). Trichas nigrocristata Bonaparte, Atti Sesta Riun. Sci. Ital. Milano, 1844, p. 405, 1845 — Santa Fe de Bogota. 1 Basileuterus Cabanis (Arch. Naturg., 13, (1), p. 316, 1847) is a nomen nudum. 2 Cabanis, in creating the generic division Basileuterus, evidently intended to base it upon Azara's "Contramaestre coronado," for he states that the members of his new genus differ from Myiodioctes Audubon [=Wilsonia Bonaparte] by basally wider bill and less pointed wings — characters which correspond very well indeed to the warblers of the group known as Basileuterus, but cannot by any means be applied to Helmitheros vermivorus (Gmelin). The fact of his having misapplied the specific name of Vieillot, who, moreover, was not its original author, appears to me of little importance in the face of his unmistakable generic diagnosis. Besides, Cabanis was well aware of the wide distinction between the "Contra- maestre coronado" and the Worm-eating Warbler of North America, confused under one heading by Vieillot. 8 1 fully concur with Mr. Zimmer (Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 429, 1930) that Myiothlypis is not properly separable. * While admitting that this subdivision differs by certain structural characters from the other members of the genus, B. fulvicauda is, in other respects, so closely related to B. rivularis, that generic separation would only serve to obscure their natural affinities. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 477 Myiothlypis nigrocristata Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 17, "1850" [=0ct., 1851] — Colombia. Myiothlypis nigrocristatus Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 549, 1917— Santa Isabel, El Eden, Valle de las Pappas, Chipaque, El Roble, and El Pifion, central and eastern Andes of Colombia; idem, I.e., 55, p. 599, 1926 — Chunchi, Hacienda Garz6n, below Cumbaya, Yanacocha, above Baeza, Macas region, and upper Sumaco, Ecuador; Berlioz, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 34, p. 73, 1928— Aluguincho, Ecuador. Myiothlypis nigricristatus Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, (2), p. 311, end of 1850 — Bogota; M6n6gaux, Miss. Serv. Geog. Armee Mes. Arc Merid. Equat., 9, p. B. 72, 1911 — Chorillos, Lloa, and "Quito," Ecuador; Lonn- berg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 78, 1922— road to Nanegal and below Lloa, Ecuador. Myiothlypis nigricristata Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 143, 1855 — Bogota. Basileuterus nigri-cristatus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 27, p. 440, 1859 — "Rio Napo"; idem, I.e., 28, p. 74, 1860 — Guapulo, Ecuador; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 36, 1862— Guapulo (Ecuador), Bogota, and "Brazil"; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 251, 1865 (synon.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 780— Merida, Venezuela; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 494 — Santa Elena, Antioquia, Colombia (nest and egg descr.); Ber- lepsch and Taczanowski, I.e., 1884, p. 286 — Cayandeled and Cechce, Ecuador; idem, I.e., 1885, p. 74 — San Rafael, Ecuador; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 380, 1885— part, Venezuela (Merida), Colombia (Medellin, Santa Elena, Bogota), and Ecuador (Guapulo, Intac, "Quito"); Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 9, 1899— Pun and Nanegal, Ecuador. Basileuterus nigrocristatus nigrocristatus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 21, p. 161, 1914 — Colombia and western Venezuela (Merida); idem, Arch. Naturg., 90, A, Heft 2, p. 155, 1924— Galipan, Cerro del Avila, and Silla de Caracas, Venezuela (crit.). Basileuterus nigrivertex (not of Salvin) Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 315 — Intac, Gualea, and Milligalli, Ecuador (spec, examined). Myiodioctes pusillus (?) (not Muscicapa pusilla Wilson) Pelzeln, Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesells. Wien, 26, p. 769, 1876— Ecuador. Myiodioctes meridionalis Pelzeln, Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesells. Wien, 32, p. 446, 1882 — Ecuador (type in Vienna Museum examined); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 437, 1885 (ex Pelzeln). Basileuterus nigrocristatus meridionalis Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 21, p. 160, 1914 — Ecuador (crit.). Range. — Upper Subtropical and Humid Temperate zones of western Venezuela (east to the Silla de Caracas), eastern and central Andes of Colombia, and Ecuador.1 1 Subdivision of this form appears to be impracticable, though at one time I attempted to revive Pelzeln's name meridionalis for the inhabitants of Ecuador. The latter, it must be admitted, are on average somewhat smaller and frequently have the black of the crown less extended posteriorly, but so many specimens 478 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 8: Colombia (Bogota, 2; El Pinon, 1; unspecified, 1); Venezuela (Escorial, Me"rida, 1; Hechisera, Me"rida, 1; Paramo de Tama, Tachira, 2). *Basileuterus nigro-cristatus nigrivertex Salvin.1 PERUVIAN BLACK-CRESTED WARBLER. Basileuterus nigrivertex Salvin, Nov. Zool., 2, p. 3, 1895 — Cajabamba, Succha, and Huamachuco, Peru (type in Salvin-Godman Collection, now in British Museum). Basileuterns nigro-cristatus nigrivertex Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 21, p. 161, 1914 — northern Peru (crit.); Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 428, 1930— Cullcui, Maranon River, Peru (crit.). Basileuterus nigricristatus (not Trichas nigro-cristatus Lafresnaye) Tacza- nowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 223 — near Cutervo; idem, I.e., 1880, p. 191— Cutervo; idem, Orn. Per., 1, p. 477, 1884— Cutervo. Range. — Humid Temperate zone of the upper Maranon Valley and its tributaries in northern Peru. 3: Peru (Cullcui, Maranon River, 3). Basileuterus nigro-cristatus euophrys Sclater and Salvin.2 BOLIVIAN BLACK-CRESTED WARBLER. are indistinguishable that the recognition of an Ecuadorian race is hardly justified. Birds from Merida and Tachira resemble those from the east Colombian Andes, while skins from the north coast ranges of Venezuela (Silla de Caracas and Cerro del Avila) are again slightly smaller and a shade more greenish (less yellowish) on the upper parts. The wings of adult males: north coast mountains, 59-63; Merida and Tachira, 58-63; eastern Andes of Colombia, 60-66; western Ecua- dor, 58-62. Additional material examined. — Venezuela: Silla de Caracas, 11; Galipan, Cerro del Avila, 20; Sierra of Merida (Valle, Conejos, Escorial), 8. — Eastern Andes of Colombia: 8. — Ecuador: Milligalli, 1; western slope of Pichincha, 1; Gualea, 3; Intac, 5; above Nanegal, 1; Lloa, 1; unspecified, 3. 1 Basileuterus nigro-cristatus nigrivertex Salvin: Closely similar to B. n. nigro- cristatus, but with proportionately longer tail; back slightly brighter and of a more yellowish green; black cap generally less extensive; flanks and tibial feathers less strongly tinged with olive. Wing, 64-67, (female) 61-64; tail, 65-69, (female) 63-67; bill, 11^-12. Additional material examined. — Peru: Cajabamba, 3; Huamachuco, 1; Succha, Huamachuco, 1; Tayabamba, 1. 1 Basileuterus nigro-cristatus euophrys Sclater and Salvin: Similar in proportions to B. n. nigrivertex, but easily distinguished by the brighter yellow superciliaries being carried backward to above the posterior margin of the auriculars; by the greater extent of blackish on the sides of the head, not only the lores, but also the region surrounding the eye being of that color; by having only the anterior part of the crown dull black without a conspicuous occipital crest; much duller, citrine rather than warbler green dorsal surface, and decidedly paler yellow under parts. Wing, 67-70, (female) 64-66; tail, 63-67, (female) 61-63; bill, 11^-12. Material examined.— Bolivia, Yungas of La Paz: Sandillani (alt. 2,500 meters), 8; Chaco, above La Paz, 1; Cocapata, 1; Unduavi (alt. 3,500 meters), 1. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 479 Basileuterus euophrys Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1876, p. 352 — Tilotilo, Yungas of La Paz, Bolivia (type in Salvin-Godman Collection, now in British Museum); idem, I.e., 1879, p. 594 — Tilotilo; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 382, 1885— Bolivia. Basileuterus nigrocristatus euophrys Hellmayr, Arch. Naturg., 90, A, Heft 2, p. 157 (in text), 1924 — Sandillani, Cocapata, and Chaco, Bolivia (crit.). Range. — Temperate zone of western Bolivia (Yungas of La Paz). *Basileuterus luteoviridis luteoviridis (Bonaparte). BONA- PARTE'S WARBLER. Trichas luteoviridis Bonaparte, Atti Sesta Riun. Sci. Ital. Milano, 1844, p. 405, 1845-"Santa F6 de Bogota," Colombia (type in coll. of O. Antinori, present location unknown). Myiothlypis luteoviridis Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, (2), p. 311, end of 1850— "Bogota" (diag.); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 143, 1855 — "Bogota." Chlorospingus xanthophrys Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 24, pp. 30, 93, 1856— "Bogota," Colombia (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 90, 1862— "Bogota." Basileuterus luteoviridis Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1875, pp. 234, 235— "Merida," Venezuela; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 379, 1885 — part, Colombia ("Bogota"); Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 8, 1899 — Pun, Ecuador (crit.; spec, examined); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 550, 1917 — Almaguer, Fomeque, and Subia, Colombia. Basileuterus luteoviridis luteoviridis Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 599, 1926 — Zuna (Rio Upano), Tambillo (Rio Upano), and upper Sumaco, Ecuador; Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 46, 1929 — Venezuela to Ecuador (monog.). Range. — Temperate zone of western Venezuela (Sierra of Me'rida), the eastern Andes of Colombia, and eastern Ecuador (Pun; Mount Sumaco; Rio Upano).1 3: Colombia ("Bogota," 1; Paramo de Tama, 2). Basileuterus luteoviridis striaticeps (Cabanis).2 STRIPED- HEADED WARBLER. 1 A (female) specimen from Pun, Ecuador, has much paler yellow superciliaries and under parts, duller greenish upper surface, and very little dusky greenish admixture on the forehead, but these divergencies are probably due to immaturity, since both Chapman and Todd pronounce other Ecuadorian examples to be iden- tical with Colombian ones. No Venezuelan material has been examined by the writer. Mr. Todd, however, records a specimen from the Temperate zone of the Merida region (Culata). Two adult males from the central Andes (Almaguer) do not appreciably differ from east Andean birds. Additional material examined. — Colombia: "Bogota," 10; Almaguer, 2. — Ecuador: Pun, 1. 2 Basileuterus luteoviridis striaticeps (Cabanis): Similar to B. L luteoviridis and about the same size, but superciliaries much more conspicuous (wider as 480 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Myiothlypis striatieeps Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 316, 1873 — Maraynioc, Dept. Junfn, Peru (type in Berlin Museum). Myiothlypis luteoviridis (not Trichas luteoviridis Bonaparte) Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 509— part, Maraynioc, (?) Sillapata, and (?) Pumamarca, Peru. Basileuterus luteoviridis Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 477, 1884 — part, Mar- aynioc and (?) Sillapata; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 379, 1885 — part, Peru. Basileuterus luteoviridis striatieeps Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 331— part, Maraynioc, Peru (crit.); Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 47, 1929— part, Junin (monog.). Range. — Temperate zone of central Peru, in Dept. of Junin (Maraynioc, Rumicruz; (?) Sillapata, (?) Pumamarca). Basileuterus luteoviridis superciliaris Chapman.1 URUBAMBA WARBLER. Basileuterus luteoviridis superciliaris Chapman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 265, 1919 — above Torontoy, Urubamba Canon, Dept. Cuzco, Peru (type in U. S. National Museum); idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 106, 1921 — above Torontoy and Cedrobamba, Peru. Basileuterus luteoviridis striatieeps (not Myiothlypis striatieeps Cabanis) Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 47, 1929 — part, above Torontoy and Cedrobamba (crit.). Range. — Temperate zone of southeastern Peru, in Dept. of Cuzco (above Torontoy and Cedrobamba). Basileuterus richardsoni Chapman.2 RICHARDSON'S WARBLER. well as longer) and deeper in tone (lemon chrome to empire yellow instead of pinard to amber yellow). The upper parts are, as a rule, slightly darker, more of a brownish citrine hue, while the dusky loral spot and orbital ring generally are more decidedly blackish. Wing, 73-76, (female) 66-67; tail. 69-72, (female) 61-63; bill, 12-13. Material examined. — Peru, Dept. Junin: Maraynioc, 6; Rumicruz, 1. 1 Basileuterus luteoviridis superciliaris Chapman: Similar to, and agreeing with, B. I. striatieeps in development of superciliaries, which are perhaps of an even deeper yellow tone; but dorsal surface and external margins to wing feathers decidedly more brownish (between citrine and orange citrine), and without any blackish on the sides of the head, the loral spot as well as the orbital region being brownish citrine like the back instead of dark olive gray or iron gray. Wing (male), 70; tail, 69-70. Although disregarded by Mr. Todd, this form seems to be recognizable by the characters given above, judged from two specimens available for comparison. Material examined. — Peru: above Torontoy, 2. 1 Basileuterus richardsoni Chapman: Similar in size to B. I. luteoviridis, but upper parts much duller (dull citrine to olive citrine instead of dark citrine); superciliaries cream-colored, sometimes passing into white anteriorly (instead of bright yellow) ; under surface much paler, amber yellow (instead of lemon chrome to empire yellow), the chin largely white; the sides of breast and abdomen less 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 481 Basileuterus richardsoni Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 31, p. 160, 1912 — Andes west of Popayan, Cauca, Colombia (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, I.e., 36, p. 550, 1917 — Andes west of Popayan and Laguneta, central Andes, Colombia; Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 48, 1929 — central and western Andes of Colombia (monog.). Range. — Temperate zone of the western Andes and west slope of the central Andes of Colombia. Basileuterus signatus signatus Berlepsch and Stolzmann.1 SHORT-WINGED WARBLER. Basileuterus signatus Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, p. 74, Sept., 1906 — part, Idma, Urubamba Valley, Peru (type in Branicki Museum, now in Warsaw Museum, examined).2 Basileuterus luteoviridis signatus Chapman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 265, (in text), 1919 — part, San Miguel Bridge and Torontoy, Peru; idem, Bull. greenish, ecru olive rather than pyrite yellow or citrine. Wing, 72, (female) 65-68; tail, 62, (female) 57; bill, 11. A species of doubtful affinities. In size, B. richardsoni agrees well with B. luteoviridis, and like the various races of that group inhabits the Temperate zone. By its dull greenish upper parts and yellowish feet it recalls B. s. signatus, but differs by larger size, cream-colored superciliaries, and much paler yellow under parts. According to Chapman, the range of B. richardsoni overlaps that of B. L luteoviridis in the central Andes of Colombia. Unfortunately, the Laguneta specimen, which would seem to approach the latter "species" by brighter yellow ventral surface and yellowish-tinged superciliaries, cannot now be found. I must confess I am not quite convinced of the distinctness of B. richardsoni, though I cannot offer any plausible explanation of its peculiarities. The pale, dull coloration of the specimens that I have been able to examine cannot be solely due to the worn condition of their plumage, yet I hesitate to admit the probability that two so closely allied "species" could coexist in the same mountain range. More material from the western and central Andes is badly needed for the solution of this puzzling problem. Material examined. — Colombia: Andes west of Popayan, 3. 1 Basileuterus signatus signatus Berlepsch and Stolzmann: Similar to B. luteo- viridis striaticeps, but much smaller; upper parts decidedly duller (olive citrine to dark citrine) ; yellow superciliaries narrower and shorter (not reaching beyond the eye); dusky loral spot less conspicuous; no blackish orbital ring; yellow of under parts generally paler; feet yellowish flesh color instead of horn brown. Wing, (male) 62-65, (female) 57-61; tail, 61-65, (female) 55-59; bill, 10^-12. In spite of its superficial resemblance, this bird, as has been pointed out by Todd, appears to be specifically distinct from B. luteoviridis. While chiefly restricted to lower altitudes than the races of B. luteoviridis, which are found exclu- sively in the Temperate zone, we have examined typical examples of both B. 8. signatus andB. I. striaticeps collected by H. Watkins in March, 1922, at Rumicruz (alt. 9,700 ft.), Dept. Junin. An adult male from Garita del Sol, Vitoc — identified as striaticeps by Berlepsch and Stolzmann — also proves to pertain to B. s. signatus. Material examined. — Peru: Rumicruz, Junfn, 2; Garita del Sol, Vitoc (alt. 5,740 ft.), 1; Idma, above Santa Ana, 1 (the type); San Miguel Bridge, Urubamba, 5; Torontoy (alt. 7,800 ft.), 2. 4 Sztolcman and Domaniewski (Ann. Zopl. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 6, p. 165, 1927) erroneously list a male from Chulumani, Bolivia, as type of B. signatus. 482 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 107, 1921— San Miguel Bridge and Torontoy (crit.)- Basileuterus signatus signatus Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 44, 1929 — Peru from Junin to Urubamba (monog.).1 Myiothlypis luteoviridis (not of Bonaparte) Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 509 — part, Ninabamba, (?) Sillapata, and (?) Pumamarca, Peru. Basileuterus luteoviridis Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 477, 1884 — part, Nina- bamba and (?) Sillapata, Peru. Basileuterus luteoviridis striaticeps (not Myiothlypis striaticeps Cabanis) Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 331 — part, Garita del Sol, Vitoc, Peru (spec, in Berlepsch Collection examined). Myiothlypis striaticeps Hellmayr, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 5 (in text), 1920— Garita del Sol, Peru (crit.). Range. — Subtropical zone of Peru, from Dept. of Junin to the Urubamba Valley. Basileuterus signatus flavovirens Todd.2 YELLOW-GREEN WARBLER. Basileuterus signatus flavovirens Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 45, 1929 — Incachaca, Dept. Cochabamba, Bolivia (type in Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh). Basileuterus leuteoviridis (not Trichas luteoviridis Bonaparte) Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 79, 1889— Yungas, Bolivia. [ Basikuterus] luteoviridis Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 31, p. 160 (in text), 1912 — part, Yungas, Bolivia, and Inca Mine, Peru (crit.). Basileuterus signatus Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, p. 74, 1906 — part, western Yungas of Bolivia. Basileuterus luteoviridis signatus (not JB. signatus Berlepsch and Stolzmann) Hellmayr, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 5, 1920— Chuhuasi, Dept. Puno, Peru (crit.); Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 107 (in text), 1921— Bolivia (crit.). 1 The two specimens from Inca Mine [= Santo Domingo] prove to be referable to B. s. flavovirens. * Basileuterus signatus flavovirens Todd: Very similar to B. s. signatus, but upper parts somewhat brighter (between warbler green and citrine); forehead distinctly dusky and a similar line bordering the yellow superciliaries; the latter as well as the under parts, as a rule, deeper yellow (between empire yellow and lemon chrome). Wing, 60-63, (female) 56-58; tail, 56-61, (female) 54-56; bill, Although recognizable in a series, the characters of this form are occasionally obliterated by individual variation. Certain specimens have the dusky suffusion on the forecrown hardly more pronounced than typical signatus, while, on the other side, the superciliaries and under parts in various examples of the latter are just as deeply colored as in flavovirens. Birds from the Marcapata region of extreme southeastern Peru agree with the Bolivian ones. Material examined. — Peru, Dept. Puno: Marcapata Valley (alt. 6,000 to 9,000 ft.), 4; Chuhuasi (alt. 7,000 ft.), 1; Oceneque, near Limbani, 1; Santo Domingo (alt. 6,000 ft.), 2; Inca Mine [= Santo Domingo], 2. — Bolivia: Dept. La Paz: Chulumani, 3; Cocapata, 4. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 483 Range. — Subtropical zone of extreme southeastern Peru, in Dept. of Puno (Marcapata; Santo Domingo; Oceneque near Limbani; Chuhuasi), and Bolivia (depts. of La Paz and Cochabamba). *Basileuterus flaveolus (Baird). BAIRD'S WARBLER. M yiothlypis flaveolus Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 252 (footnote), May, 1865 — "Paraguay," probably Rio Paraguay (type in U. S. National Museum); Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 72, 1868— Sao Paulo (Rio das Pedras; Porto do Rio Parana=Rio Grande), Goyaz, and [Villa Bella de] Matto Grosso (spec, in Vienna Museum examined); Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Natur- hist. Foren., 1870, p. 444 — Porto de Parana (ex Pelzeln); Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 339, 1930— Paraguay (Fort Wheeler) and Matto Grosso (Urucum, Utiarity). Basileuterus flaveolus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 380, 1885 — Bahia and Goyaz; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 3, p. 345, 1891— Chapada, Matto Grosso (plumages, eggs descr.); Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 134, 1898— Sao Paulo (ex Pelzeln); Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 378, p. 3, 1900 — Urucum, Matto Grosso; Robinson and Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 177, 1901— La Guaira, Venezuela; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 333, 1907 — Sao Paulo (Rincao, Avanhandava) and Bahia (range); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 19, 1908— Rio Araguaya, Goyaz, and Maranhao (range, crit.); Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 78, 1910 — Bahia (frontier mountains near Santa Rita) and Piauhy (Lag6a Missao and Parnagua); Grant, Ibis, 1911, p. 89 — Sapatero Cue, Paraguay; Hellmayr and Seilern, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 47, 1912 — Las Quiguas, Carabobo, Venezuela (crit.); Mene- gaux, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., 5, p. 85, 1917 — Caceres, Matto Grosso; Hell- mayr, Nov. Zool., 32, p. 181, 1925— Chiquitos, Bolivia (crit.); Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 2, No. 6, p. 41, 1926— Ceara; Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 370, 1926— west of Puerto Pinasco, Para- guay; Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 42, 1929 (monog.); Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 258, 1929— Maranhao (Barra do Corda, Tranqueira, and Fazenda Inhuma, Alto Parnahyba), Piauhy (Ibiapaba, Arara), and Ceara (Jua, near Iguatu); Laubmann, Wissens. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 311, 1930— eastern Bolivia (San Jose, La Caraparicito, and La Crecencia, Dept. Santa Cruz). Muscicapa bivittata Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 51, 1837 — part, Chiquitos, Bolivia (descr. of "female"; spec, in Paris Museum examined). Range. — Interior of Brazil from Maranhao, Piauhy, and Ceard south through Bahia and Goyaz to western Minas Geraes, northern Sao Paulo, and Matto Grosso; eastern Bolivia (Chiquitos) ; Paraguay; and northern coast region of Venezuela, in Dept. Federal, and in states of Carabobo and Lara.1 1 The reappearance of this species in northern Venezuela is very singular. Birds from that part of its range differ nowise from Brazilian and Bolivian speci- mens, so far as I can see. I fully concur with Mr. Zimmer's view (Field Mus. 484 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 19: Brazil (Barra do Corda, Maranhao, 4; Tranqueira, Maranhao, 1; Fazenda Inhuma, Alto Parnahyba, Maranhao, 2; Ibiapaba, Piauhy, 3; Ardra, Piauhy, 1; Jud, near Iguatu, Ceara, 1; Santo Amaro, Bahia, 1; Chapada, Matto Grosso, 2; Urucum, Matto Grosso, 2); Venezuela (Macuto, Caracas, 2). Basileuterus griseiceps Sclater and Salvin.1 GRAY-HEADED WARBLER. Basileuterus griseiceps Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 170 — "Venezuela in sylvis Caripensibus"=Carip6, Sucr6, Venezuela (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum, examined); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 399, 1885 — Venezuela; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 20, p. 235, 1913 — Venezuela (crit.); Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 191, p. 11, 1925 — Carapas, La Trinidad, and Turumiquire, Venezuela; Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 29, 1929 — eastern coast mountains of Venezuela (monog.). Chlarospingus (Hemispingus) canipileus Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 12, p. 153, Aug., 1899 — Los Palmales, Venezuela (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York, examined) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 20, p. 235, 1913 (crit.). Range. — Subtropical zone of northeastern Venezuela, in State of Sucre". Basileuterus leucophrys Pelzeln.2 PELZELN'S WHITE-BROWED WARBLER. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 429, 1930) that M. flaveolus cannot be separated generically from Basileuterus, in which it was also placed by Mr. Todd, although this author recognized Myiothlypis as distinct. Additional material examined. — Brazil: Parnagua, Piauhy, 1; Lagoa Missao, near Parnagua, Piauhy, 1; Bahia, 10; mountain range north of Santa Rita, Bahia, 1; Rio Araguaya, Goyaz, 1; Goyaz City, 2; Agua Suja, near Bagagem, Minas Geraes, 2; Rio Parana, Sao Paulo, 2; Rio das Pedras, Sao Paulo, 1; Villa Bella de Matto Grosso, Matto Grosso, 1. — Bolivia: Chiquitos, 1; San Jos6 de Chiquitos, 1; La Caraparicito, Dept. Santa Cruz, 1. 1 Basileuterus griseiceps Sclater and Salvin is most nearly related to B. leuco- blepharus, which it resembles in dark gray pileum, markings on sides of head, and pale brown legs, but differs by deep yellow, instead of mainly white, under parts. Wing, 63-65, (female) 60-61; tail, 60-62, (female) 58; bill, 12-13. Material examined. — Venezuela: Caripg, 1 (the type); Los Palmales, 3. 2 Basileuterus leucophrys Pelzeln: Another near ally of B. leucoblepharus, but much larger; pileum darker (dark neutral gray) and nearly uniform; back dis- tinctly brownish, dark citrine instead of bright olive green; wings and tail still darker, medal bronze instead of dull olive green; white superciliaries much wider and carried backward to above the posterior margin of the auriculars; cheeks white (at best minutely dotted with dusky) instead of mainly dark gray; the flanks pale brownish; the under tail coverts warm buff instead of citron yellow. Wing, 75-76, (female) 68-70; tail, 73-75, (female) 67-69; bill, 13. Material examined. — Matto Grosso: Rio Manso, 2 (males); Aldea Queimada, 2 (females). — Sao Paulo: Porto do Rio Grande, 1 (female). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 485 Basileuterus leucophrys Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, pp. 72, 137, 1868 — Porto do Rio Parana [=Rio Grande], Sao Paulo, and Engenho do Capitao Correio on the Rio Manso, Matto Grosso (type in Vienna Museum examined); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 400, 1885 (ex Pelzeln); Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 3, p. 345, 1891— Chapada, Matto Grosso; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 334, 1907 (range); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 244, 1921 (crit., range); Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 26, 1929 (monog.); Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 341, pi. 17, 1930 — Aldea Queimada, Matto Grosso. Range. — Interior of Brazil, from Matto Grosso (Aldea Queimada; Chapada; Rio Manso) south to northeastern Sao Paulo (Porto do Rio Grande). *Basileuterus leucoblepharus (Vieillot). WHITE-BROWED WARBLER. Sylvia leucoblephara1 Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. eel., 11, p. 206, 1817 — no locality or source indicated, but, according to Vieillot (Tabl. Enc. Meth., Orn., livr. 89, p. 459, 1820), it is based on "El Contramaestre" Azara, No. 153, Paraguay; Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 20, 1837 — Corrientes, Argentina (spec, in Paris Museum examined); d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Mend., Ois., p. 216, pi. 12, fig. 2, 1838— Corrientes. Trichas superciliosus Swainson, Anim. Menag., p. 295, Dec. 31, 1837 — Brazil (type in coll. of W. Swainson, now in University Museum, Cambridge, Engl., examined). Trichas leucoblephara Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 114, 1856 — Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro (habits). Basileuterus leucoblepharus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 285 — Brazil, Paraguay, and "Bolivia int.," errore (diag.); Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 72, 1868 — Ypanema (Sao Paulo) and Curytiba (Parana); idem, Nunq. Otios., 2, p. 291, 1874 — Nova Friburgo; Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 115, 1885 — Picade Tocana and Arroio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 400, 1885— Brazil (monog.); Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 117, 1899— Mundo Novo, Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 135, 1899— Ypiranga, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, pp. 152, 203, 1900— Nova Friburgo, Rio, and Itatiba, Sao Paulo (nest and egg descr.); idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 333, 1907 — Sao Paulo (Ypiranga, Campos do Jordao, Campinas, Itarar6), Minas Geraes (Itatiaya), and Argentina (Ancones); Lillo, Apunt. Hist. Nat., 1, p. 43, 1909— Mocovf, Santa Fe; Liiderwaldt, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), 27, p. 356, 1909— Campo Itatiaya; Dabbene, Anal. 1 In all of the six copies of the "Nouveau Dictionnaire" consulted the specific name is spelled leucoblephara, while, according to Wetmore (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 369, 1926), it reads leucoblepharides in the set seen by him. This discrepancy seems to indicate the existence of two different versions as in the case of Meleagris silvestris Vieillot (I.e., 9, p. 447, 1817), later replaced by Meleagris fera on a substitute leaf. 486 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, (3), 11, p. 369, 1910— San Vicente and Mocovf, Santa F6; Chubb, Ibis, 1910, p. 615 — Sapucay, Paraguay; Bertoni, Anal. Soc. Cient. Arg., 75, p. 97, 1913— Chaco (?) and Misiones; Dabbene, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 354, 1914 (range in Argentina); Holt, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 57, p. 314, 1928 — Macieiras and Alto Itatiaya, Sao Paulo. Basileuterus leucobkpharum Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, pp. 242, 244, 1865 — Paraguay (crit.). Basileuterus superciliosus Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 243, 1865 — Brazil (crit.). Basileuterus leucoblepharus calus Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 14, p. 188, 1901 — Sapucay, Paraguay (type in U. S. National Museum); idem, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25, p. 141, 1902— Sapucay; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 60, 1914 — Alto Parana, Paraguay. Basileuterus leucoblepharus leucoblepharus Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 166, 1909 — Mocovi, San Vicente, and Ocampo, Santa F6; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 23, p. 348, 1912 — Villa Rica, Paraguay (crit.); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 244, 1921— Chaco (crit., range); Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 185, 1926— Parana (Fazenda Concordia, Fazenda Durski, Vermelho, Candido Abreu, and Porto Mendes); Laubmann, Wissens. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 310, 1930— Argentina, Formosa (San Jose1, Tapikiole', Yunca Viejo) (crit.). Basileuterus leucoblepharus superciliosus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 244, 1921 — Rio de Janeiro to Parana (crit.). Basileuterus leucoblepharides leucoblepharides Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 369, 1926 — Chaco (Resistencia, Las Palmas), Formosa (Riacho Pilaga), and Uruguay (San Vicente, Lazcano, Rio Negro) (habits); Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 27, 1929 (monog.). Range. — Southeastern Brazil, from Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo south to Rio Grande do Sul; Uruguay; Paraguay; northeastern Argentina, in states of Santa FC", Corrientes, and Misiones, and in territories of Chaco and Formosa.1 8: Brazil (Rio, Therezopolis, 2; Sao Paulo, 1); Uruguay (Que- brada de los Cuervos, 3); Argentina (Puerto Segundo, Misiones, 2). 1 Examination of much additional material leads me to concur with Mr. Todd in suppressing the eastern race, B. L superciliosus, which I at one time proposed to separate on account of smaller size and certain color differences. Not one of the latter holds in the large series now available, and while there is a certain tendency to greater dimensions in birds from Argentina, Paraguay, and Rio Grande do Sul, the variation is altogether too insignificant to be expressed in nomen- clature. The length of the wing in adult males from these districts ranges from 64 to 70, whereas in those from Rio de Janeiro to Parana it varies from 61 to 67. Additional material examined. — Argentina: Chaco of Santa F6, 3; Formosa, 3; Corrientes, 1. — Paraguay: Sapucay, 2. — Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul, 5; Roga Nova, Serra do Mar, Parana, 2; Ypanema, Sao Paulo, 12; Victoria, Sao Paulo, 4; Fazenda Cayoa, Rio Paranapanema, Sao Paulo, 3; Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, 1; unspecified, 2. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 487 *Basileuterus bivittatus bivittatus (Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny). TWO-BANDED WARBLER. Muscicapa bivittata Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 51, 1837 — part, Yungas, Bolivia (descr. of male; type in Paris Museum examined). Muscicapara bivittata d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Merid., Ois., p. 324, 1840 — Carcuata, Yungas of La Paz, Bolivia (habits). Trichas bivittatus Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 3, p. 231, 1840 — Yungas (but not Chiquitos), Bolivia (diag.). Basileuterus bivitatus (sic) Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 3, p. 353, 1876 — "Coroico, Bolivia."1 Basileuterus bivittatus Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 594 — part, Carcuata, Yungas (ex d'Orbigny); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 391, 1885 — part, Bolivia (Simacu, Consata); Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 4, 1897— San Lorenzo, Jujuy; Bruch, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 11, p. 257, 1904— Oran, Salta; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 369, 1910 — Salta (Oran) and Jujuy (San Lorenzo); idem, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 354, 1914— Salta (Oran, Rio Bermejo) and Jujuy (Ledesma, San Lorenzo); Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 49, 1929 — southeastern Peru to Argentina (monog.). Basileuterus bivittatus subsp. (?) Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, p. 106, • 1906 — Huaynapata, Marcapata, Peru (crit.; spec, examined). Basileuterus bivittatus bivittatus Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 167, 1909 — Ledesma, Jujuy, and Rio Bermejo, Salta; Dinelli, El Hornero, 1, p. 61, 1918 — Cerros south of Tucuman (nest and eggs); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 32, p. 181, 1925 — Bolivia and Argentina (crit., note on type); Laubmann, Wissens. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 312, 1930 — Villa Montes, Tarija, Bolivia. Basileuterus diachlorus (not of Cabanis) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 594 — Simacu and Consata, Bolivia. Range. — Tropical zone of northwestern Argentina (in provinces of Tucuman, Salta, and Jujuy) through Bolivia (depts. of Tarija, Cochabamba, and La Paz) to southeastern Peru (Rio Inambari and Huaynapata, Dept. Puno; Callanga, Dept. Cuzco).2 2: Argentina (Ledesma, Jujuy, 2). 1 "Coroico," said to be "a few miles southwest of Lake Titicaca" — an impossible locality for a Tropical zone species — refers evidently to the place of that name in the Yungas of La Paz. 2 Birds from Argentina are identical with the Bolivian ones, varying within the same limits as to the tone of the upper and under parts and the amount of yellow in the median coronal stripe. There is at least some yellow at the base of the crown feathers, while in others this basal area is quite extensive, being followed by a dull orange (mars yellow) zone and tipped with dull citrine. Four specimens from southeastern Peru (Rio Inambari, Callanga, Huay- napata) are slightly aberrant. The pale yellow supraloral streak is shorter, ending, as it does, at the anterior angle instead of reaching to above the middle of the eye; the lateral crown stripes are more deeply black, in particular posteriorly, with 488 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Basileuterus bivittatus roraimae Sharpe.1 RORAIMA WARBLER. Basileuterus roraimae Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 392, 1885 — Roraima and Merum6 Mountains, British Guiana (type from Roraima in British Museum); Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 203 — same localities; idem, Ibis, 1886, p. 500— Mount Twek-quay; Beebe, Zoologica (N.Y.), 2, p. 232, 1919— Bartica Grove (?); Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 416, pi. 6, fig. 1, 1921 — Roraima and Merum6 Mountains; T.odd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,. 74, art. 7, p. 53, 1929 — Roraima (monog.). Basileuterus bivittatus roraimae Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 32, p. 181, 1925 — mountains of British Guiana; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 63, p. 117, 1931 — Roraima (Paulo, Arabupu) and Duida (Agiiita, Valley Head), Venezuela. Range. — Subtropical zone of British Guiana (Mounts Roraima, Memine", and Twek-quay) and Venezuela (Mount Duida).2 Basileuterus chrysogaster chrysogaster (Tschudi).3 GOLDEN- BELLIED WARBLER. Setophaga chrysogaster Tschudi, Arch. Naturg., 10, (1), p. 276, 1844 — Peru (type in Neuchatel Museum examined); idem, Unters. Faun. Peru., fewer, if any, greenish edges; the upper surface is on average darker, approaching, dark citrine. The orange subapical portion of the median coronal stripe is deeper in tone, xanthine orange rather than mars yellow, and one specimen, a male from Huaynapata, has no trace of yellow at the base (very much as in B. b. roraimae). Mr. Todd has referred this bird as well as another male from Callanga to B. c. chrysogaster, but in view of their large size (wing, 66 M» 68; tail, 59, 61), greenish postocular stripe, light yellow under parts, and other characters, I cannot possibly agree to this identification. While more adequate series are required to ascertain whether these Peruvian birds are separable or not, their pertinence to B. bivittatus appears to me beyond question. Additional material examined. — Argentina: Ledesma, Jujuy, 11; Rio Bermejo, Salta, 1. — Bolivia: Villa Montes, Tarija, 1; Samaipata, 1; Santa Cruz de la Sierra, 2; Quebrada Onda, Cochabamba, 1; Carcuata, Yungas of La Paz, 1 (the type); Songo, Yungas of La Paz, 4; Consata, 1.— Peru, Dept. Cuzco: Rio Inambari, 2; Callanga, 1; Huaynapata, Marcapata, 1. 1 Basileuterus bivittatus roraimae Sharpe: Similar to B. 6. bivittatus and about the same size; but back and outer margins of wing and tail of a slightly darker, more brownish hue (dark citrine rather than dull warbler green to citrine); the median coronal stripe wholly xanthine orange or orange rufous without any yellow at the base (though similarly tipped with dull citrine); the lateral crown stripes deeper black without any dull citrine tipping; the under parts brighter, lemon chrome rather than empire yellow; the bill paler, the maxilla horn brown, the mandible brownish white. Wing, 68-72, (female) 63-65; tail, 61-65, (female) 56-58; bill, 11-12. Material examined. — British Guiana: Roraima, 12. 2 Beebe's record from Bartica Grove is undoubtedly erroneous, this bird being strictly confined to the Subtropical zone. 3 Basileuterus chrysogaster chrysogaster ^Tschudi) : Similar to B. b. bivittatus, but markedly smaller; back and external edges to wings fresher, less olivaceous green; tertials and rectrices dusky exteriorly edged with green, instead of entirely dull greenish; the median coronal stripe less extensive, confined to the forecrown, and (aside from the dull citrine tipping) uniform dull orange (mars yellow) with 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 489 Aves, p. 192, 1846 — sugar plantation San Pedro, near Lurin, coast of Peru, given as type locality (p. 193), errore; we suggest Chanchamayo Valley, Dept. Junin. Basileuterus diachlorus Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 316, 1873 — Amable Maria, Dept. Junin, Peru (type, adult male, in Berlin Museum);1 Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 509 — Monterico, Dept. Ayacucho, and Amable Maria. Basileuterus bivittatus (not Muscicapa bivittata Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny) Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 473, 1884 — Monterico and Amable Maria, Peru; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 391, 1885— part, Peru. Basileuterus bivittatus chrysogaster Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 331 — La Merced, Chanchamayo, Peru; Berlepsch and Hellmayr, Journ. Orn., 53, p. 6, 1905— Peru (note on type); Hellmayr, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 6, 1920— Yahuarmayo, Dept. Puno (crit.); idem, Nov. Zool., 32, p. 181, 1925— central Peru (crit.). Basileuterus chrysogaster chrysogaster Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 51, 1929 — Peru (excl. spec, from Huaynapata, Callanga, and "Lake Titicaca"; monog.). Range. — Tropical zone of eastern Peru, in depts. of Junin (Tulu- mayo, Amable Maria, La Merced), Ayacucho (Monterico) , Cuzco (Astillero, La Pampa), and Puno (Yahuarmayo). *Basileuterus chrysogaster chlorophrys Berlepsch.2 GREEN- BROWED WARBLER. mere traces of yellow at the base; the lateral crown stripes generally duller, less blackish; the supraloral streak continued as a narrow yellow supercilium to the sides of the neck; auriculars darker green; the under parts brighter, deep strontian yellow. Wing, 60-63, (female) 55-59; tail, 52-54, (female) 49-52; bill, 10-11. It is with considerable reluctance that I follow Mr. Todd in according this form specific rank, and if I do so, it is merely because B, c. chrysogaster and B. b. bivittatus have both been found in the same section of the Tropical zone of south- eastern Peru. I am, however, not yet convinced that they actually breed side by side in that region, and would recommend the problem to further field work. The total number of specimens of B, c. chrysogaster preserved in collections, more- over, is very small, and it is hardly possible at the present time to indicate, with any degree of finality, the limits of its variation. The type of S. chrysogaster, although in exceedingly poor condition, is undoubtedly identical with a topotypical example of B. diachlorus. Material examined. — Peru: Tulumayo (alt. 4,000 ft.), Junin, 4; La Merced (alt. 2,600 ft.), Chanchamayo, Junin, 2; Amable Maria, Junin, 2; Monterico, Ayacucho, 2; Astillero, Cuzco, 1; La Pampa, Cuzco, 1; Yahuarmayo, Puno, 1; unspecified, 1 (the type). 1 The unsexed specimen from Amable Maria, listed as type by Sztolcman and Domaniewski (Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 6, p. 166, 1927), is at best a paratype. 2 Basileuterus chrysogaster chlorophrys Berlepsch: Similar to B. c. chrysogaster, but more intensely colored throughout, the upper parts being darker, more brownish green (between citrine and dark citrine instead of warbler green to olive green), the lateral crown stripes more solidly black without any dull citrine marginal edges, and the under surface duller yellow with the greenish suffusion on the sides more extensive and encroaching on the chest. Besides, the supraloral and super- 490 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Basileuterus bivittatus chlorophrys Berlepsch, Ornis, 14, p. 347, Feb., 1907 — "Quito," Ecuador1 (type in coll. of H. von Berlepsch, now in Frankfort Museum, examined); Menegaux, Miss. Serv. Geogr. Armee Mes. Arc Merid. Equat., 9, p. B. 73, 1911 — Ayuriquin, near Santo Domingo, Ecuador; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 552, 1917 — Buenavista, Narino, Colombia; Hellmayr, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 7 (in text), 1920— Ecuador (Paramba, Cachyjacu, and Lita; crit.); idem, Nov. Zool., 32, p. 181, 1925 — western Ecuador; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 601, 1926— Chimbo, Ecuador (crit.). Basileuterus chrysogaster chlorophrys Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 52, 1929 — southwestern Colombia and western Ecuador (monog.). Range. — Tropical zone of western Ecuador (from Chimbo north- wards) and southwestern Colombia (Buenavista, Narino). 1: Ecuador (Lita, Prov. Imbabura, 1). *Basileuterus basilicus (Todd).2 SANTA MARTA WARBLER. Hemispingus basilicus Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 26, p. 170, 1913 — San Lorenzo, Santa Marta, Colombia (type in Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh) ; idem and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 446, pi. 6, 1922 — San Lorenzo, Macotama, and Paramo de Mamarongo, Colombia (crit., habits). Basileuterus basilicus Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 78, 1929— same localities (crit.). ciliary stripe is by no means yellow, but greenish (citrine) like the auriculars. The median coronal patch, of the same restricted extent as in B. c. chrysogaster, shows, independent of sex, two color types, being either wholly dull orange (mars yellow) down to the base as in B. c. chrysogaster, or pure golden yellow, in either case with dull citrine tips to the feathers. The yellow-crowned variety, however, is much less common, since out of a total of sixteen only four specimens pertain to it. Wing, 62-66, (female) 58-62; tail, 51-56, (female) 48-51; bill, 10-11. While differing from both B. c. chrysogaster and B. b. bivittatus by the dimor- phism in the coloration of the coronal stripe, this form reverts to the characters of the latter in having the postocular part of the superciliary region greenish, and throws once more serious doubts on the specific distinctness of these groups. Additional material examined. — Ecuador, Prov. Imbabura: Lita (alt. 3,000 ft.), 5; Cachyjacu (alt. 3,200 ft.), 1; Paramba (alt. 3,500 ft.), 9; "Quito," 1 (the type). 1 The type is a trade skin of the ordinary "Quito" preparation. Mr. Todd (I.e., p. 53) suggested Lita, Prov. Imbabura, as type locality, but the region above Santo Domingo de los Coronados, frequently visited by native hunters, is a more likely place of origin. 2 Basileuterus basilicus (Todd), while resembling B. tristriatus in general style of coloration, differs so strikingly by proportionately much longer tail, larger bill, and much longer tarsi and toes that I am inclined to accord it specific rank. The upper parts are much the same as inB. t. tristriatus, though the back is of a brighter, fresher green (citrine rather than dark citrine), and the median coronal stripe is grayish white, anteriorly only suffused or edged with pale (citron) yellow; the supereiliaries, the freckling below the eye, and the margin to the black auricular patch are white instead of buffy; the throat clearer white; the remainder of the under surface much deeper yellow (lemon chrome). The buffy superciliaries and markings on the sides of the head in the immature plumage betray, however, the close genetic relationship to the B. tristriatus group. Wing (males), 67-69; tail, 64-67; tars., 22-24; bill, 12-13. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 491 Range.— Temperate zone of the Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia. 2: Colombia (La Cumbre, Santa Marta, 1; San Lorenzo, 1). *Basileuterus tristriatus melanotis Lawrence. BLACK-EARED WARBLER. Basileuierus melanotis Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 95, 1868 — Cervantes and Birris, Costa Rica (type, from Cervantes, in U. S. National Museum); Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 294, 1869 — Costa Rica; Salvin, Ibis, 1869, p. 313— Costa Rica (crit.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 386, 1885 — part, spec, a, Costa Rica; Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 60, 1902 — Boquete and Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 752, 1902— part, Costa Rica (Cervantes, Birris) and Chiriqui (Volcan de Chiriqui, Boquete); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 795, 1910 — Costa Rica (Coliblanco, La Lagunaria, Santa Maria de Dota, Azahar de Cartago, Escazu, La Hondura, Juan Viftas; habits). Basileuterus bivittatus melanotis Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 107, 1887— Costa Rica. Basileuterus tristriatus melanotis Hellmayr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911, pp. 1092, 1212, 1911— Costa Rica and Chiriqui (crit.); Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 143, pp. 4, 7, 1924 — western Panama and Costa Rica (diag.); Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 63, 1929 (monog.). Basileuterus bivittatus (not Muscicapa bivittata Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny) Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 170, 1881 — part, Costa Rica (Cervantes, Birris). Range. — Subtropical zone of Costa Rica and extreme western Panama (Boquete and Volcan de Chiriqui).1 1: Panama (Boquete, Chiriqui, 1). Basileuterus tristriatus chitrensis Griscom.2 VERAGUAN WARBLER. Basileuterus tristriatus chitrensis Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 280, p. 13, 1927 — Chitra, Pacific slope of western Panama, Veragua (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 62, 1929— Veragua (monog.). Basileuterus bivittatus (not Muscicapa bivittata Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny) Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 183— Cordillera del Chucu, Veragua; idem, Ibis, 1870, p. 108 — Veragua (crit.); Salvin and Godman, 1 Five specimens from Boquete, Chiriqui, agree with a Costa Rican series. 2 Basileuterus tristriatus chitrensis Griscom: Very similar to B. t. melanotis, but median under parts deeper yellow, approaching pinard yellow rather than straw yellow; chest tinged with olivaceous; back slightly darker olive. Wing, 63, (female) 60-61. Material examined. — Panama: Chitra, Veragua, 4. 492 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 170, 1881 — part, Panama (Cordillera del Chucu). Basileuterus melanotis (not of Lawrence) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 386, 1885 — part, spec, b, Cordillera del Chucu, Veragua; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 752, 1902— part, Veragua (Cordillera del Chucu). Range. — Subtropical zone of western Panama, Prov. Veragua (Cordillera del Chucu, Chitrd, Santa F6). Basil euterus tristriatus tacarcunae Chapman.1 TACARCUNA WARBLER. Basileuterus tacarcunae Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 143, p. 6, 1924 — east slope of Mount Tacarcuna, eastern Panama (type in the American Mu- seum of Natural History, New York); Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 54, 1929 (monog.). Range. — Subtropical zone of Mount Tacarcuna (and probably other mountains) in eastern Panama. Basileuterus tristriatus daedalus Bangs.2 WESTERN THREE- STRIPED WARBLER. Basileuterus melanotis daedalus Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, p. 160, 1908 — San Antonio, Rio Cali, western Colombia (type in coll. of E. A. and O. Bangs, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 362, 1930). 1 Basileuterus tristriatus tacarcunae Chapman: Differs from its geographical neighbors, B. f. daedalus and B. t. auricularis, by lacking the blackish antorbital spot, and by olivaceous (ecru olive) instead of wholly or partly black auriculars, and much more orange (yellow ocher) coronal stripe; under parts about the same as in B. t. daedalus. In the absence of black markings in the loral and auricular regions the present form resembles B. t. meridantis, from which it is, however, easily separated by decidedly orange coronal stripe, brighter green back, and more yellowish, less buffy under parts. Its nearest ally is undoubtedly B. t. daedalus, in which the blackish auricular patch frequently is reduced in extent or even replaced by a dark olivaceous area. From B. t. chitrensis, of Veragua, it may be distinguished, in addition to the olivaceous (instead of largely blackish) auricular patch, by more orange (less buffy) coronal stripe, decidedly olivaceous (instead of buffy grayish) superciliaries, and bright green upper parts. Wing, 63-65, (female) 59-60. Material examined. — Panama: Mount Tacarcuna, 4. 2 Basileuterus tristriatus daedalus Bangs: Exceedingly close to B. t. auricularis, but perhaps separable by having the under parts on average slightly paler, more buffy and less yellowish. It is with considerable reluctance that we admit this form. Compared with a series from the east Colombian Andes, western birds are frequently duller, less yellowish underneath, but so many are indistinguishable that the propriety of maintaining two races may well be questioned. Additional material examined. — Colombia: La Frijolera, 1; Pueblo Rico, San Juan slopes of the western Andes, 3; San Antonio, 4; Gallera, 1; Miraflores, 3; Salento, 2. — Ecuador: Paramba, Prov. Imbabura, 2; Gualea, 6; Pedregal, 1; El Placer, 1; Cayandeled, 2; Canzacota, 1. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 493 Basileuterus tristriatus daedalus Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 61, 1929— western Andes of Colombia and western Ecuador (monog.). Basileuterus bivittatus (not Muscicapa bivittata Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 27, p. 137, 1859— Pallatanga, Ecuador; idem, I.e., 28, p. 85, 1860 — Cachi-Llacta and Nanegal, Ecuador; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 34, 1862— Pallatanga; idem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 285 — part, Ecuador; Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein., p. 13, 1890— Cachi-Llacta, Ecuador. Basileuterus tristriatus (not Myiodioctes tristriatus Tschudi) Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 286 — Cayandeled, Pedregal, and El Placer, Ecuador; Menegaux, Miss. Serv. Geogr. Armee M6s. Arc Mend. Equat., 9, p. B. 72, 1911 — Mindo and "Quito," Ecuador; Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 78, 1922— Mindo and road to Nanegal, Ecuador. Basileuterus tristriatus tristriatus Hellmayr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911, p. 1091 — Pueblo Rico, western Colombia (crit.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 551, 1917 — part, La Frijolera, Las Lomitas, San Antonio, Gallera, Cerro Munchique, Miraflores, and Salento, western Andes and western slope of central Andes, Colombia. Basileuterus auricularis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 386, 1885 — part, spec, c-e, Pallatanga, Ecuador; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 9, 1899— Gualea, Ecuador; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 315 — Gualea and Canzacota, Ecuador. Basileuterus tristriatus auricularis Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 600, 1926 — junction of Chancan and Chiguancay rivers and Gualea, Ecuador. Range. — Subtropical zone of western Ecuador (south to the Rio Chimbo and its tributaries) and western Colombia (western Andes and west slope of central Andes). *Basileuterus tristriatus auricularis Sharpe.1 EASTERN THREE- STRIPED WARBLER. Basileuterus auricularis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 386, 1885 — part, "Bogota," Colombia (type in British Museum). Basileuterus bivittatus (not Muscicapa bivittata Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny) Salvin, Cat. Strickland Coll., p. 94, 1882— "Bogota." Basileuterus tristriatus (not Myiodioctes tristriatus Tschudi) Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 283, 1884 — Bucaramanga, Colombia (crit.). Basileuterus tristriatus tristriatus Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 551, 1917 — part, La Candela, La Palma, San Agustin, and Fusugasuga, Colombia. Basileuterus tristriatus auricularis Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 59, 1929 — eastern Colombia (monog.). 1 Basileuterus tristriatus auricularis Sharpe: Similar to B. t. tristriatus, but under parts paler and duller, between baryta yellow and Martius yellow, and median crown stripe less yellowish. Additional material examined. — Colombia: "Bogota," 9; Bucaramanga, 1; La Candela, 3. 494 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Range. — Subtropical zone of eastern Colombia (eastern Andes and eastern slope of central Andes). 2: Colombia ("Bogota," 1; La Palma, Huila, 1). Basileuterus tristriatus baezae Chapman.1 BAEZA WARBLER. Basileuterus tristriatus baezae Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 143, p. 5, 1924 — Baeza, eastern Ecuador (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 600, 1926— eastern Ecuador (Baeza, lower Sumaco, and Macas region); Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 59, 1929 — eastern Ecuador (monog.). Basileuterus tristriatus (not Myiodioctes tristriatus Tschudi) Taczanowski and Berlepsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, p. 74 — Machay and Mapoto, Ecuador (crit.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 385, 1885— part, Ecuador (Mapoto, Machay). Range. — Subtropical zone of eastern Ecuador. *Basileuterus tristriatus tristriatus (Tschudi). THREE-STRIPED WARBLER. Myiodioctes tristriatus Tschudi, Arch. Naturg., 10, (1), p. 283, 1844 — Peru (type in Neuchatel Museum examined); idem, Unters. Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 193, 1846 — "sugar plantation San Pedro, near Lurin," errore; we suggest valley of Vitoc, Dept. Junfn, as type locality. Basileuterus tristriatus Taczanowski, Orn. P6r., 1, p. 472, 1884 — Auquimarca and Ropaybamba, Peru; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 385, 1885 — part, Peru; Berlepsch and Hellmayr, Journ. Orn., 53, p. 7, 1905 (note on type); Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 107, 1921— Idma, Urubamba, Peru. Basileuterus tristriatus tristriatus Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 599, 1926— Sabanilla, Zamora Valley, Ecuador; Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 57, 1929 — Peru, from the Urubamba Valley northward, and extreme southeastern Ecuador (monog.); Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 427, 1930— Chinchao, Dept. Huanuco, Peru. Range. — Subtropical zone of eastern Peru, south to the Urubamba Valley, and extreme southeastern Ecuador (Sabanilla, Zamora Valley).2 3: Peru (Chinchao, 3). 1 Basileuterus tristriatus baezae Chapman: Nearest to B. t. tristriatus, but under parts not so bright, the ground color being amber yellow, the breast more strongly clouded with olive; median crown stripe of a duller yellowish tone. From B. t. auricularis this race may be separated by darker yellow crown stripe and deeper yellow under surface. Material examined. — Eastern Ecuador: Machay, 3 ; Mapoto, 1 ; lower Sumaco, 6. 2 Some twenty specimens from various parts of Peru are fairly uniform, setting aside some slight individual variation. B. t. tristriatus is the most brightly colored of all the races of the group, the under parts varying from bright lemon yellow to empire yellow, generally with little olivaceous clouding on the chest. Birds 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYB 495 *Basileuterus tristriatus punctipectus Chapman.1 BOLIVIAN THREE-STRIPED WARBLER. Basileulerus tristriatus punctipectus Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 143, p. 5, 1924 — Yungas of Cochabamba, Bolivia (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 56, 1929 — Bolivia and southeastern Peru (monog.). Basileuterus bivittatus (not Muscicapa bivittata Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 594 — part, Simacu, Bolivia. Basileuterus auricularis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 386, 1885 — part, spec, f, g, Simacu, Bolivia. Basileuterus tristriatus (not Myiodioctes tristriatus Tschudi) Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 79, 1889 — Mapiri, Bolivia; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, p. 107, 1906 — Rio Cadena and Huaynapata, Marcapata, Peru. Range. — Subtropical zone of Bolivia and extreme southeastern Peru (Marcapata and Inambari valleys, Dept. Puno). 1: Bolivia (Roquefalda, Dept. Cochabamba, 1). Basileuterus tristriatus meridanus Sharpe.2 MERIDA WARBLER. from the extreme northwest (Chaupe) seem to be indistinguishable from others taken in the Urubamba region. While the bright yellow under surface usually serves to separate this form, occasional individuals, such as two from Chinchao, are hardly brighter underneath than certain dark-bellied examples of B. t. baezae. A single adult male from southeastern Ecuador (Sabanilla, Zamora Valley), however, is perfectly typical of tristriatus. Additional material examined. — Ecuador: Sabanilla, 1. — Peru: Chaupe, 3; Santa Rosa, lower Maranon Valley, 1; Lomo Santo, lower Maran6n Valley, 1; Utcuyacu, Junin, 3; Chelpes, Junin, 3; Ropaybamba, Junin, 1; Idma, Urubamba, 2; unspecified, 1 (the type). 1 Basileuterus tristriatus punctipectus Chapman: Similar toB. t. tristriatus, but back slightly darker (near olive citrine) and under parts paler, straw yellow rather than lemon yellow, with more or less distinct olive freckles on the chest. There is much individual variation, as far as the coloration of the light crown stripe is concerned, and even the characters given above are by no means thoroughly constant. Certain specimens of B. t. auricularis, from "Bogota," have the chest just as distinctly freckled with olive, while some from Bolivia are practically plain-breasted like B. t. tristriatus. Two birds from extreme south- eastern Peru seem to be referable to punctipectus. Additional material examined. — Bolivia: Yungas of Cochabamba, 6; Quebrada Honda, Yungas of Cochabamba, 4; Chaco, Yungas of La Paz, 3; Simacu, La Paz, 1. — Peru: Huaynapata, 1; Rio Cadena, 1. 2 Basileuterus tristriatus meridanus Sharpe: Differs from B. t. auricularis by the reduction or even absence of the blackish loral and auricular spots; incon- spicuous buffy super ciliaries; less pronounced blackish lateral crown stripes; very dull citrine, posteriorly more yellowish (ecru olive) median vertical stripe; duller, less greenish back, etc. Birds from La Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo, and Bucarito, near Tocuyo, Lara, agree with a topotypical series. Material examined. — Venezuela: Sierra of Merida (El Valle, La. Hechisera, Culata, etc.), 14; mountains near Bucarito, Tocuyo, Lara, 2; La Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo, 10; near [= above] Puerto Cabello, Carabobo, 2. 496 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Basileuterus meridanus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 387, 1885 — Me>ida, Venezuela (type in British Museum); Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 55, 1929 — part, Andes of Merida east to La Cumbre de Valencia (crit.). Basileuterus tristriatus meridanus Hellmayr and Seilern, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 47, 1912 — La Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo, and "Caripe" (errore), Venezuela (crit.). Basileuterus bivittatus (not Musdcapa bivittata Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 780— Merida. Range. — Subtropical zone of northwestern Venezuela (Sierra of MeYida east to La Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo).1 Basileuterus tristriatus bessereri Hellmayr.2 BESSERER'S WARBLER. Basileuterus tristriatus bessereri Hellmayr, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bay., 1, No. 6, p. 44, 1922 — Silla de Caracas, Venezuela (type in Munich Museum); idem, Arch. Naturg., 90, A, Heft 2, p. 158, 1924— Galipan, Cerro del Avila, and Silla de Caracas, Venezuela (crit.). Basileuterus meridanus (not of Sharpe) Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 55, 1929 — part, Silla de Caracas, Galipan, and Cotiza, Venezuela. Range. — Subtropical zone of northern Venezuela in Dept. Federal (mountains of the Caracas region). Basileuterus trifasciatus trifasciatus Taczanowski.3 THREE- BANDED WARBLER. Basileuterus trifasciatus Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880, p. 191 — Callacate, northern Peru (type lost, formerly in Warsaw Museum; cf. Sztolcman and Domaniewski, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 6, p. 165, 1 Two specimens collected by A. Mocquerys in the Tring Museum are labeled "Caripe"," but this is clearly a mistake. 1 Basileuterus tristriatus bessereri Hellmayr: Agreeing with B. t. meridanus in lacking distinct blackish spots on loral region and auriculars and in head markings, but under parts much paler, primrose to Naples yellow; back lighter and purer greenish; bill smaller. Material examined. — Venezuela: Galipan, Cerro del Avila, 17; Silla de Caracas, 5. * Basileuterus trifasciatus trifasciatus Taczanowski, in spite of its superficial resemblance, appears to be specifically distinct from B. tristriatus. Compared with a series of the typical Peruvian form, it differs by smaller size, much smaller, shorter bill; light grayish olive median crown stripe with little lemon yellow suffusion at the concealed bases of the anterior feathers; much narrower, dusky rather than deep black lateral borders; grayish forehead; smoke gray (not olive buff), also less pronounced superciliaries; smoke gray sides of the head with only a dusky postocular streak; absence of the black antorbicular spot; dull grayish (roman) green upper back, passing into warbler green on rump and tail coverts (instead of uniform dark citrine); lighter, warbler green rather than citrine edges to wings and tail; nearly white under wing coverts. Wing (male), 56-59; tail, 51-53; bill, 9-10. Material examined. — Peru: Palambla, Piura, 2; San Felipe, Rio Huancabamba, 1. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 497 1927); idem, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 473, 1884— Callacate and Paucal, Peru; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 388, 1885— part, Peru. Basileuterus trifasciatus trifasciatus Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 64, 1929— Palambla, Peru (monog.). Range. — Subtropical zone of northwestern Peru, in depts. of Cajamarca (Callacate; Paucal) and Piura (Palambla). Basileuterus trifasciatus nitidior Chapman.1 NORTHERN THREE- BANDED WARBLER. Basileuterus trifasciatus nitidior Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 143, p. 8, 1924 — El Chiral, Santa Rosa-Zaruma trail, Prov. del Oro, southwestern Ecuador (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 600, 1926— El Chiral, Punta Santa Ana, Guachanama, Celica, and Alamor, Ecuador; Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 65, 1929 — southwestern Ecuador (monog.). Basileuterus trifasciatus (not of Taczanowski) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 388, 1885— part, Ecuador ("Jima"). Range. — Subtropical zone of southwestern Ecuador, in depts. of El Oro and Loja. *Basileuterus hypoleucus Bonaparte.2 WHITE-BELLIED WARBLER. Basileuterus hypoleucus (Cabanis MS.) Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, (2), p. 313, end of 1850 — Brazil, probably Sao Paulo (type in Berlin Museum); Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 113, 1856— Brazil (crit.); Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 72, 1868 — Ypanema, Sao Paulo, and Goyaz, Goyaz (spec, examined); Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 445 — Lag6a Santa, Minas Geraes; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 388, 1885 — Lag6a Santa and Ypanema, Brazil; Allen, Bull. Amer. 1 Basileuterus trifasciatus nitidior Chapman: Similar to B. t. trifasciatus, but central coronal stripe more olive with the lemon yellow suffusion in the anterior portion much more extensive; upper back less grayish; superciliaries and sides of head slightly darker grayish; throat less whitish; under parts generally deeper yellow. Wing, 55-57; tail, 49-53; bill, 10-11. Material examined. — Ecuador: Lunama, 1; Alamor, 1; Las Pifias, 1; Zaruma, 1. 2 Basileuterus hypoleucus Bonaparte differs from B. c. auricapillus by having the under parts dingy white, frequently with a grayish tinge across chest and on sides of breast — instead of uniform bright lemon chrome. However, certain specimens, such as one from Goyaz (Rio Thesouras) and one from Sao Paulo (Ypanema), have the median portion of the under parts flammulated or washed with pale yellow, betraying close affinity to auricapillus. A similar example from western Paraguay (Puerto Pinasco) has been recorded by Wetmore (I.e.). Al- though hypoleucus and auricapillus have yet to be taken at exactly the same localities, their ranges in general seem to overlap to a certain extent, both having been obtained in Matto Grossp, Sao Paulo, and Paraguay. Still, the intermediate character of the birds mentioned above casts serious doubt on their specific distinctness, and makes the desirability of further information on their breeding ranges strongly felt. Additional material examined. — Minas Geraes: Rio Jordao, Prov. Araguary, 3; Agua Suja, near Bagagem, 1. — Goyaz: Rio Thesouras, 1; Goyaz City, 2.— Matto Grosso: Chapada, 10. — Sao Paulo: Ypanema, 4; Victoria, 7. 498 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Mus. N. H., 3, p. 344, 1891— Chapada, Matto Grosso (plum., crit.); Salvador!, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 378, p. 3, 1900— Urucum, Matto Grosso; Ihering and Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 333, 1907 — Sao Paulo (San Jos6 do Rio Pardo, Itatiba, Franca, Avanhandava, and Itapura); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 19, 1908-^Rio Thesouras, Goyaz (crit.); Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 368, 1926— west of Puerto Pinasco, Paraguay (crit.); Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 65, 1929 (monog.); Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 340, 1930— Urucum, Matto Grosso. Range. — Interior of southern Brazil, in states of Minas Geraes (Lagda Santa; Agua Suja, near Bagagem; Rio Jordao, Prov. Ara- guary), Goyaz (Goyaz City; Rio Thesouras), Matto Grosso (Chapada; Urucum), and Sao Paulo (San Jos6 do Rio Pardo; Itatiba; Franca; Avanhandava; Itapura; Victoria do Botucatu; Ypanema), and western Paraguay (west of Puerto Pinasco). 5: Brazil (Chapada, Matto Grosso, 3; Urucum de Corumba, Matto Grosso, 2). *Basileuterus culicivorus auricapillus (Swainson). GOLDEN- CROWNED WARBLER. Setophaga auricapilla Swainson, Anim. Menag., p. 293, Dec. 31, 1837 — "Mexico and Brazil" (type, from Brazil, in coll. of W. Swainson, now in University Museum, Cambridge, Engl.,1 examined). Sylvia vermivora (not Motacilla vermivora Gmelin) Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 11, p. 278, 1817 — part, reference to "Contramaestre coronado" Azara, No. 154; Paraguay. Muscicapa vermivora Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 51, 1837 — part, Corrientes (spec, in Paris Museum examined). Muscicapara vermivora d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame'r. Me>id., Ois., p. 324, 1840 — part, Corrientes. Basileuterus vermivorus Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 17, 1851 — Brazil (synon. in part); Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 113, 1856 — Nova Fri- burgo, Rio (synon. in part); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 243, 1865 — part, Brazil; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 283— part, Brazil and Paraguay; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 71, 1868 — Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo (Mattodentro, Ypanema, YtararS), and Sao Vicente (Matto Grosso) (spec, in Vienna Museum examined); Euler, Journ. Orn., 16, p. 190, 1868 — Cantagallo, Rio (nest and eggs descr.); Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. 1 The specimen bears a Swainsonian label with the inscription: "Setophaga auricapilla Sw. Sale 1834. Brazil." The Museum label reads: "E Mus. Acad. Cantabrigiae. Swainson Collection. B. vermivorus." The habitat "Mexico" undoubtedly refers to B. c. culicivorus, of which Swainson might have seen a specimen believed to be identical with the Brazilian bird, but his description, notably the passage "above olive green," clearly applies to the latter. The type agrees with examples from Paraguay and Espirito Santo (Engenheiro Reeve) in the British Museum, the back being indeed dark citrine. Todd (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 68, 1929) suggests Rio de Janeiro as an appropriate type locality. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 499 Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 445 — Uberaba, Minas Geraes; Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 302— Sao Paulo (habits); Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 231, 1873 — Blumenau, Santa Catharina (range in part, Paraguay and Brazil); Cabanis, I.e., 22, p. 82, 1874— Cantagallo, Rio; White, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 594 — San Javier, Misiones. Basileuterus auricapillus Berlepsch, Ibis, 1881, p. 240 (nomencl.); Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 329 — Quipapa, Pernambuco; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 393, 1885 — part, spec, a-g, Pernambuco and Mattodentro, Brazil; Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Ornith., 1, p. 21, 1888— Paraguay and Misiones; Kerr, Ibis, 1892, p. 123 — lower Pilcomayo; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 117, 1899 — Sao Lourenco, Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 134, 1899— Iguape, Sao Paulo; Euler, I.e., 4, p. 15, 1900 (nest descr.); Ihering, I.e., 4, p. 152, 1900 — Cantagallo and Nova Friburgo; Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 378, p. 17, 1900— Tebicuari, Paraguay; Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25, p. 141, 1902 — Sapucay, Paraguay; Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 173, 1902 — Tan", Tucuman; idem, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, p. 40, 1905 — Tafi; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 333, 1907— Sao Paulo (Ypiranga, Campos de Jordao, Alto da Serra, Itarare, Itapura, Piquete, Iguape) and Parana (Ourinho); Liiderwaldt, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), 27, p. 356, 1909— Campo Itatiaya; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, (3), 11, p. 369, 1910 — Cordoba, La Rioja, Tucuman, Chaco (Ocampo), Misiones, and Buenos Aires (Barracas al Sud); Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 78, 1910— Piauhy (Santo Antonio de Gilboez, Barra do Cocal and above Pintados, Rio Parnahyba); Chubb, Ibis, 1910, p. 615 — Sapucay, Paraguay (crit.); Grant, Ibis, 1911, p. 88 — Riacho Ancho, Chaco, Argentina; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 498, 1914 — Alto Parana, Paraguay; Giacomelli, El Hornero, 3, p. 67, 1923 — Sierra of La Rioja; Pereyra, I.e., 3, p. 170, 1923 — San Isidro, Buenos Aires; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 2, No. 6, p. 41, 1926— Ceara. Basileuterus auricapillus auricapillus Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 166, 1909 — Buenos Aires (Barracas al Sud), Santa Fe (Ocampo), and Tucuman (Quebrada de los Piedros); Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 23, p. 348, 1912 — Paso Yuvay, Paraguay; Marelli, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 656, 1924— Prov. Buenos Aires; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 32, p. 180, 1926— Corrientes; Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 368, 1926— Chaco (Las Palmas) and Uruguay (Rio Cebollati, near Lazcano); Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 185, 1926 — Parana (Fazenda Ferreira, Fazenda Durski, and Therezina); Holt, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 57, p. 314, 1928 — Serra do Itatiaya, Brazil; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 259, 1929— Maranhao (Grajahu, Tranqueira, Sao Francisco, Fazenda Inhuma), Piauhy (Ibiapaba), and Goyaz (Santo Antonio); Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 67, 1929 (monog.); Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 340, 1930— Paraguay (Rio Negro) and Matto Grosso (Utiarity). Range. — Eastern and southern Brazil, from Maranhao, Piauhy, and Ceara south to Matto Grosso (Utiarity; Sao Vicente) and Rio 500 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Grande do Sul; Uruguay; Paraguay; northern Argentina south to Cordoba and Buenos Aires.1 32: Brazil (Grajahu, Maranhao, 3; Tranqueira, Maranhao, 5; Sao Francisco, Maranhao, 1; Fazenda Inhuma, Alto Parnahyba, Maranhao, 2; Ibiapaba, Piauhy, 1; Boa Vista, Santo Antonio, Goyaz, 1; Serra Baturite1, Ceara, 2; Therezopolis, Rio de Janeiro, 4; Joinville, Santa Catharina, 2) ; Uruguay (Quebrada de los Cuervos, 2); Argentina (Concepcion, Tucuman, 6; Ocampo, Santa F6, 1; Caraguatay, Misiones, 1; Puerto Segundo, Misiones, 1). *Basileuterus culicivorus viridescens Todd.2 GREENISH WARBLER. Basileuterus auricapillus viridescens Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 26, p. 170, 1913 — Buenavista, Bolivia (type in Carnegie Museum); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 32, p. 180, 1925— Chiquitos, Bolivia (crit.); Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 69, 1929 — eastern Bolivia (monog.). Muscicapa vermivora (not Motacilla vermivora Gmelin) Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 51, 1837 — part, Chiquitoa, Bolivia. Muscicapara vermivora d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Merid., Ois., p. 324, 1840 — part, Monte Grande, forest on the road from Santa Cruz to Chiquitos, Bolivia. Basileuterus vermivorus Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 594 — between Santa Cruz 'de la Sierra and Chiquitos (ex d'Orbigny). Range. — Tropical zone of eastern Bolivia, in Dept. of Santa Cruz. 1: Bolivia (Buenavista, 1). Basileuterus culicivorus olivascens Chapman.3 OLIVASCENT WARBLER. 1 1 am unable to perceive any constant differences between birds from Buenos Aires, Paraguay, and eastern Brazil. Specimens from Tucuman closely approach the doubtfully separable Bolivian race (viridescens). Additional material examined. — Brazil: Piauhy (Santo Antonio de Gilboez and Rio Parnahyba), 3; Bahia, 3; Rio de Janeiro, 2; Itarare, Sao Paulo, 2; Sao Vicente, Matto Grosso, 1 ; Rio Grande do Sul, 2. — Paraguay: Sapucay, 2 ; Bernalcue, near Asuncion, 1. — Argentina: Barracas al Sud, Buenos Aires, 2; Tafi, Tucuman, 3; Corrientes, 2. 2 Basileuterus culicivorus viridescens Todd: Exceedingly close to B. c. auri- capillus, but perhaps distinguishable by more greenish (less citrine) upper parts and narrower, less blackish lateral crown stripes. We have not enough material to form a definite opinion on the value of this race, but certain Brazilian specimens are hardly different, even with respect to the dusky crown stripes. Additional material examined. — Bolivia: Buenavista, 1; Chiquitos, 1. 3 Basileuterus culicivorus olivascens Chapman: Very close to B. c. auricapillus, but upper parts duller green (near olive citrine), and edges to wings and tail grayish olive instead of bright citrine. Birds from Sucr6 (inland of Cumana) and the Caura Valley are identical with a topotypical Trinidad series, while those from Colombia are slightly more grayish 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 501 Basileuterus vermivorus olivascens Chapman, Auk, 10, p. 343, 1893 — Princes- town, Trinidad (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 6, p. 24, 1894 — Princestown, Trinidad; Phelps, Auk, 14, pp. 363, 368, 1897— San Antonio [Sucre], Venezuela (crit.). Basileuterus auricapillus olivascens Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 7, 1906 — Caparo and Laventille, Trinidad, and Cumana, Venezuela (crit.); Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 1, p. 187, 1906— Heights of Aripo, Trinidad; idem, I.e., 1, p. 356, 1908 — Carenage and Heights of Aripo, Trinidad (nest and eggs descr.); Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 208, 1913— Cariaquito, Venezuela; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 153, 1916 — Guanoco, Orinoco Delta, Venezuela; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 552, 1917 — Buena Vista, eastern slope of eastern Andes, Colombia; Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 70, 1929 (monog.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 63, p. 118, 1931— Roraima (crit.). Basileuterus auricapillus olivaceus (lapsus) Beebe, Zoologica (N.Y.), 1, p. 101, 1909— Guanoco, Orinoco Delta, Venezuela. Basileuterus olivascens Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 417, 1921 — Roraima. Basileuterus vermivorus (not Motacilla vermivora Gmelin) Cabanis, in Schom- burgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, p. 667, "1848" [=1849]— Roraima (3,000- 4,000 ft.), British Guiana; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 144, 1855— "Bogota"; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 34, 1862— "Bogota" and Trinidad; idem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 283— part, Guiana, "Nova- Grenada," and Trinidad; Finsch, I.e., 1870, p. 565— "Trinidad" ; Williams, Bull. Dept. Agric. Trin. Tob., 20, p. 127, 1922— Palo Seco, Trinidad. Trichas bivittatus (not Muscicapa bivittata Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny) Le'otaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 184, 1866— Trinidad. Basileuterus aurocapillus (not Setophaga auricapilla Swainson) Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 284 (in text), 1884— "Bogota" (crit.). Basileuterus auricapillus Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 203 — Roraima; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 393, 1885 — part, spec, h-s, Roraima, Trinidad, and "Bogota." Range. — Island of Trinidad; British Guiana (Roraima; Annai); northeastern Venezuela (states of Sucre* and Monagas; Delta Amacuro) ; and west along the Orinoco and its southerly tributaries to the eastern slope of the eastern Andes of Colombia (Rio Negro, Palmar, and La Colorada, Boyaca; Buena Vista, above Villavicencio). olive above. Specimens from British Guiana are again a little different, being slightly larger and a shade more brownish olive on the back. The variation is, however, insignificant and does not, to my mind, require nomenclatorial recogni- tion, though the paler (yellowish white) under tail coverts of the Colombian skins plainly indicate a step in the direction of B. c. cabanisi. Material examined. — Trinidad: Caparo, 18; Laventille, 1. — Venezuela: Sucre" (San Antonio, Cumanacoa, Los Palmales, etc.), 12; Caura Valley, 2. — British Guiana: Roraima, 3; Annai, 1. — Colombia: "Bogota," 3; Buena Vista, above Villavicencio, 3. 502 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII *Basileuterus culicivorus cabanisi Berlepsch.1 CABANIS'S WARBLER. Basileuterus cabanisi Berlepsch, Orn. Centralbl., 4, p. 63, 1879 — San Esteban and Puerto Cabello, Carabobo, Venezuela (type, from Puerto Cabello, in coll. of H. von Berlepsch, now in Frankfort Museum, examined); idem, Journ. Orn., 27, p. 207, 1879 — same localities (excl. Bogota and Trinidad ref.); idem, I.e., 32, p. 283, 1884 — Bucaramanga, Colombia (crit.); Chap- man, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 551, 1917 — Peque (northern end of western Andes) and Miraflores (west slope of central Andes), Colombia; Hellmayr, Arch. Naturg., 90, A, Heft 2, p. 157, 1924— Loma Redonda, near Caracas, Venezuela (crit.). Basileuterus cabanisi cabanisi Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 71, 1929 (monog.). Range. — Tropical and Subtropical zones of northwestern Vene- zuela (from the Caracas region to Tachira) and parts of Colombia (Santander; Peque, Antioquia; Miraflores and Primavera, Cauca).2 12: Venezuela (Caracas, 7; Macuto, Caracas, 1; Lake Valencia, Carabobo, 2; Culata, Me"rida, 1; Col6n, Tachira, 1). Basileuterus culicivorus indignus Todd.3 SANTA MARTA WARBLER. Basileuterus cabanisi indignus Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 29, p. 95, 1916 — La Tigrera, Colombia (type in Carnegie Museum); Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 440, 1922 — Bonda (?'), Las Nubes, Onaca, La Tigrera, Las Vegas, and Minca (crit., habits); Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 73, 1929 (monog.). Basileuterus cabanisi (not of Berlepsch) Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1880, p. 117 — "Minea"= Minca, Colombia; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 384, 1885— Minca; Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 144, 1898— 1 1 have no hesitation in associating B. cabanisi in the same specific group with auricapillus and culicivorus, its color characters being just intermediate between the South American and Central American representatives. 2 Birds from MSrida agree with those from the Venezuelan north coast. A single unsexed specimen from Bucaramanga and five adult males from Primavera, Cauca, Colombia, differ by having the median coronal spot much more strongly tinged with orange (or mars yellow), though a few M6rida skins are similar. Additional material examined. — Venezuela: Puerto Cabello, 1; San Esteban, 1; Loma Redonda, near Caracas, 1; M6rida, 14; Valle, M£rida, 3; Culata, Me>ida, 1. — Colombia: Bucaramanga, Santander, 1; Primavera, western Andes, 5. 3 Basileuterus culicivorus indignus Todd: "Similar toB. c. cabanisi, but coronal spot usually lemon yellow, with little or no mars yellow." (Todd, I.e.). I am unable to substantiate this character in the series at hand, which is admittedly rather unsatisfactory, consisting as it does mostly of females and unsexed speci- mens. I notice, however, that even certain males from Me'rida have the coronal spot plain lemon yellow down to the base of the feathers, and cannot be told in any way from Santa Marta birds. Mr. Todd, however, who had the advantage of studying much larger series, admits the form as valid. Material examined. — Colombia: Don Amo, 2; Minca, 1; Onaca, 5; "Santa Marta," 1. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 503 "Santa Marta"; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 176, 1900— Minca, Las Nubes, and Onaca, Colombia. Range. — Upper Tropical zone of the Santa Marta region in northern Colombia. *Basileuterus culicivorus godmani Berlepsch. GODMAN'S WARBLER. Basileuterus godmani Berlepsch, Auk, 5, p. 450, 1888 — " Veragua" = Chiriqui, Panama (type in coll. of H. von Berlepsch, now in Frankfort Museum, examined). Basileuterus godmanni (sic) Cherrie, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 6, p. 10, 1893 — San Marcos, Sabanilla, and Naranjo de Cartago, Costa Rica (crit.). Basileuterus culicivorus godmani Bangs, Proc. N. Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 60, 1902 — Boquete and Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 756, 1902 — Chiriquf, Veragua, and Costa Rica (San Marcos); Ferry, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 277, 1907— Guayabo, Costa Rica; Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 77, 1929 — Costa Rica (except northwestern part) and western Panama (monog.). Basileuterus culicivorus (not Sylvia culicivora Lichtenstein) Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 245, 1865 — part, Barranca, Costa Rica; Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N.Y., 9, p. 95, 1868— Costa Rica (Barranca, Guaitil, Grecia, Dota) ; Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 183 — Calovevora, Veragua; Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 52 — San Jose, Costa Rica; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 171, 1881 — part, Costa Rica and Panama; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 383, 1885— part, spec, k-s, Costa Rica (Guaitil), Chiriqui, and Calovevora (Veragua); Zeled6n, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 107, 1887 — Sabanilla de Alajuela, Naranjo de Cartago, and Dota, Costa Rica. Basileuterus culicivorus culicivorus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 753, 1902 — part, Costa Rica; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 794, 1910— Costa Rica (excl. Miravalles and Tenorio); Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 74, 1929 — part, Costa Rica (El General and Cerro Santa Maria). Range. — Western Panama, east to Veragua (Calovevora), and Costa Rica, except the northwestern section (Guanacaste).1 4: Costa Rica (Guayabo, 1; Peralta, 2; unspecified, 1). 1 The segregation of the two Central American races presents unusual dif- ficulties owing to the intermediacy of most of the Costa Rican population of this warbler, and it is really a matter of personal opinion where the demarcation line between godmani and culicivorus should be drawn. As remarked by Mr. Todd, many specimens from Caribbean and southern Costa Rica (Te>raba Valley) are in- distinguishable from Chiriqui birds, while others can hardly be separated from the Mexican form. However, taken as a whole the series from Costa Rica, excepting the inhabitants of Guanacaste, seem better referred to B. c. godmani. Specimens from Santa Maria de Dota and El General, listed by Todd under B. c. culicivorus, I would unhesitatingly place with godmani, such a disposition being in accordance with the geographical distribution of the two races as outlined by this author. Forty-five specimens from Costa Rica and five from Chiriqui examined. 504 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII *Basileuterus culicivorus culicivorus (Lichtenstein). LICHTEN- STEIN'S WARBLER. Sylvia culicivora Lichtenstein, Preis-Verz. Saug., Vogel, etc., Mexico, p. 2, 1830 — Mexico (type from Jalapa, Vera Cruz, in Berlin Museum); Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 11, p. 57, 1863 (reprint of orig. descr.). Basileuterus culicivora Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, (2), p. 313, end 'of 1850 — Jalapa, Mexico (spec, in Berlin Museum). Basileuterus culicivorus Cabanis, Mus. Heine., 1, p. 17, 1851 — Jalapa (diag.); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 245, 1865 — part, Mexico and Guatemala (Choctum); Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, p. 546, 1869 — temperate region of Vera Cruz; Boucard, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, (n.s.), 25, p. 40, 1878 — Guatemala; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 171, 1881 — part, Mexico and Guatemala; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 383, 1885 — part, spec, a-i, Mexico (Oaxaca, Jalapa) and Guatemala (Volcan de Agua, Coban, Volcan de Fuego, Choctum); Underwood, Ibis, 1896, p. 434— Miravalles, Costa Rica; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 10, p. 25, 1898— Jalapa, Vera Cruz (habits); Nelson, Auk, 15, p. 159, 1898 — part, Pluma, western Oaxaca; Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 131, 1907— Patulul, Guatemala. Basileuterus culicivorus culicivorus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 753, 1902 — part, southern Mexico and Guatemala; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 794, 1910 — part, northwestern Costa Rica (Mira- valles, Tenorio, La Vijagua); Peters, Auk, 30, p. 378, 1913 — Camp Mengel, Quintana Roo; Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 67, p. 484, 1927— Presidio and Motzorongo, Vera Cruz; Austin, I.e., 69, p. 389, 1929— Mountain Cow, British Honduras; Peters, I.e., 69, p. 465, 1929— east of Lancetilla, Honduras; Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 74, 1929 — part (monog., excl. of Jalisco, western Mexico); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 343, 1932— Guatemala (Finca Sepacuite, Secanquim, Finca El Soche, Finca El Espino); Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat- Sci. Phila., 84, p. 334, 1932— Lancetilla, Honduras. Basileuterus brasieri (not Muscicapa brasieri Giraud) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 24, p. 292, 1856— Cordova, Vera Cruz; idem, I.e., 27, p. 374,1859— Teotalcingo, Oaxaca; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1860, p. 274 — Guatemala; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 283— Mexico (in part). Range. — Eastern Mexico, from southern Vera Cruz and Puebla south to Oaxaca and Chiapas; Guatemala; British Honduras; Hon- duras; Nicaragua; and northwestern Costa Rica (Guanacaste).1 4: Guatemala (Patulul, Solola, 2); Costa Rica (Miravalles, 2). 1 Birds from the southern part of the range (Nicaragua and Costa Rica), as a rule, have the median coronal stripe more suffused with orange, but this is- at best an average character and hardly constant enough for recognition in nomen- clature. This is also the opinion of Mr. Todd, who had much more compre- hensive material at his command than I have been able to examine. Additional material examined. — Forty-six specimens from eastern Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras (San Pedro), Nicaragua, and Guanacaste. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 505 Basileu terus culicivorus flavescens Ridgway.1 JALISCO WARBLER. Basileuterus culicivorus flavescens Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 755, 1902 — San Sebastian, Jalisco (type in U. S. National Museum). Basileuterus culicivorus (not Sylvia culicivora Lichtenstein) Nelson, Auk, 15, p. 159, 1898 — part, San Sebastian, Jalisco. Basileuterus culicivorus culicivorus Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 74, 1929 — part, Jalisco (San Sebastian). Range. — Western Mexico, in State of Jalisco (San Sebastian). *Basileu terus culicivorus brasherii (Giraud). BRASHER'S WARBLER. Muscicapa brasierii (typographical error) Giraud, Descr. Sixteen Spec. N. Amer. Birds, fol. 25, pi. [6], fig. 2, 1841— "Texas" (type now in U. S. National Museum); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 66, 1855 (crit.). Basileuterus brasheri Berier, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 5, p. 239, 1880 (note on specific name). Basileuterus culicivorus brasherii Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 755, 1902 — northeastern Mexico (monog.); Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 76, 1929 (monog.). Basileuterus culicivorus brasheri Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 87, 1911 — Tamaulipas (Santa Leonor, Caballeros, Guiaves, Rio Martinez, Rio Cruz). Basileuterus culicivorus (not Sylvia culicivora Lichtenstein) Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18, p. 632, 1896— Altamira, Tamaulipas. Range. — Northeastern Mexico, in states of San Luis Potosi, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, and northern Vera Cruz (Rivera). 2: Mexico (Tampico, Tamaulipas, 2). Basileuterus melanogenys ignotus Nelson.2 MOUNT PIRRI WARBLER. Basileuterus melanogenys ignotus Nelson, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60, No. 3, p. 21, 1912 — Mount Pirri, near head of Rio Lim6n, eastern Panama (type in U. S. National Museum examined). Basileuterus ignotus Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 79, 1929— Mount Pirri, Panama (monog.). Range. — Subtropical zone of eastern Panama (Mount Pirri). 1 This form requires substantiation by a good series, and it is admitted here chiefly on account of its remote habitat. 2 Basileuterus melanogenys ignotus Ne'lson: Nearest to the geographically remote B. m. melanogenys, but back and outer aspect of wings and tail of a brighter purer green (olive citrine rather than brownish olive); superciliaries straw yellow instead of white and meeting in a broad band across the forehead; sides of the head dull greenish finely mottled with dusky instead of uniform black, only the lores black; under parts straw yellow, palest on throat, the chest and sides shaded with buffy olive. Wing (female), 56; tail, 55. After inspecting the type (and only known specimen) I see in this bird only a very well-marked race of the Black-cheeked Warbler. 506 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Basileuterus melanogenys bensoni Griscom.1 BENSON'S WARBLER. Basileuterus bensoni Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 280, p. 12, 1927 — Chitra, Veragua, Panama (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 80, 1929— Chitra, Veragua (monog.). Range. — Subtropical zone of western Panama (Chitra, Veragua). Basileuterus melanogenys eximius Nelson.2 CniRiquf WARBLER. Basileuterus melanogenys eximius Nelson, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60, No. 3, p. 22, 1912 — Boquete, Panama (type in U. S. National Museum); Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 80, 1929 — western Panama (monog.). Basileuterus melanogenys (not of Baird) Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1870, p. 183 — Volcan de Chiriquf; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 174, 1881 — part, Panama (Volcan de Chiriquf); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 398, 1885 — part, spec, a-d, Chiriqui; Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 60, 1902— Boquete and Volcan de Chiriqui; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 751, 1902— part, Chiriqui (Volcan de Chiriqui, Boquete). Range. — Subtropical zone of extreme western Panama (Chiriqui). *Basileuterus melanogenys melanogenys Baird. BLACK- CHEEKED WARBLER. Basileuterus melanogenys Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 248, May, 1865 — Costa Rica, (?) San Jos£3 (type in U. S. National Museum) ; Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 95, 1868— "San JoseY' Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 294, 1869 — Costa Rica; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 174, pi. 10, fig. 3, 1881— part, Costa Rica ("San JoseV' Volcan de Irazu); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 398, 1885 — part, spec, e, Irazu, Costa Rica; Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 107, 1887— La Palma de San Jose; Cherrie, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, p. 528, 1891— Costa Rica (descr. juv.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 751, 1902— part, Costa Rica; Ferry, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 277, 1910— Coliblanco and Volcan de Turrialba; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 796, 1910 — Costa Rica (Volcan de 1 Basileuterus melanogenys bensoni Griscom: Agreeing in pattern with B. m. eximius, but upper parts darker and grayer, olivaceous black rather than dull brownish olive; under surface soiled white instead of buffy, the chest and sides shaded with deep gray instead of with olive; black lateral borders to chestnut crown less extensive. Wing, 60-61, (female) 57; tail, 56-57. Material examined. — Veragua: Chitra, 3. 1 Basileuterus melanogenys eximius Nelson: Exceedingly close toB. m. melano- genys, but above slightly less olivaceous, and underneath paler buffy. Wing (males), 59-62; tail, 57-60. Material examined. — Panama: Boquete, 5. * The locality "San Jose" is obviously inaccurate. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 507 Turrialba, El Copey, Las Vueltas, La Lagunaria de Dota, La Estrella de Cartage, Volcan de Irazu, Azahar de Cartago, Ujurras de Terraba; habits). Basileuterus melanogenys melanogenys Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 81, 1929— Costa Rica (monog.). Range. — Subtropical zone of Costa Rica. 10: Costa Rica (Coliblanco, 2; La Estrella de Cartago, 1; Volcan de Irazu, 5; Volcan de Turrialba, 2). * Basileuterus belli belli (Giraud). BELL'S WARBLER. Muscicapa belli Giraud, Descr. Sixteen New Spec. N. Amer. Bds., p. [15, pi. 4, fig. 2], 1841 — "Texas," errore1 (type in U. S. National Museum). Basileuterus chrysophrys (ex Lichtenstein MS.) Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, (2), p. 314, end of 1850 — Real Ariba, Mexico (type in Berlin Museum); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 25, p. 202, 1857— Jalapa, Vera Cruz (descr.). Basileuterus belli(i) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 65, 1855 (crit.); idem, I.e., 27, p. 374, 1859 — Llano Verde and Totontepec, Oaxaca; idem, I.e., 1865, p. 283 — "Texas" and Mexico (diag.); Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1860, p. 31— Coban, Guatemala; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 250, 1865 — Mexico (Orizaba) and Guatemala (Coban); Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, p. 546, 1869 — temperate region of Vera Cruz; Boucard, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, (n.s.), 25, p. 40, 1878 — Guatemala [=Vera Paz] (spec, examined); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 174, 1881 — part, Mexico and Guatemala (part, Coban); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 395, 1885 — part, spec, a-e, 1, Mexico (near Mexico City, Jalapa, Llano Verde, Orizaba) and Coban, Guatemala; Nelson, Auk, 15, p. 159, 1898 — Chilpancingo, Guerrero, and San Sebastian, Jalisco; Smith, Condor, 11, p. 61, 1909 — Cuernavaca, Morelos (habits). Basileuterus belli belli Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 743, 1902 — southeastern Mexico (monog., full bibliog.); Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 86, 1911— Tamaulipas (Montelunga, Rampahuila, Carricitos, Galindo); Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 82, 1929— Mexico (monog., full bibliog.); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 343, 1931— Coban, Guatemala. Basileuterus belli clarus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 745, 1902 — near Chilpancingo, Guerrero (type in U. S. National Museum). Range. — Southern Mexico, from Tamaulipas and Jalisco south to Guerrero and Oaxaca, and eastern Guatemala (Vera Paz).2 2: Mexico (unspecified, 2). 1 Mount Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Mexico, suggested as type locality by Todd (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 84, 1929). 2 1 agree with Mr. Todd that the slight average difference between specimens from western and eastern Mexico is too insignificant for the formal recognition of the race clarus. Two Coban skins appear to be inseparable from the general "run" of east Mexican birds. Eighteen specimens examined. 508 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Basileuterus belli scitulus Nelson.1 GUATEMALAN WARBLER. Basileuterus belli scitulus Nelson, Auk, 17, p. 268, 1900 — Todos Santos, western Guatemala (type in U. S. National Museum) ; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 744, 1902 — Chiapas and Guatemala (excepting Coban) ; Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 84, 1929— Guatemala and Chiapas (monog.); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 344, 1931 — western Guatemala (Nebaj, Tecpam, San Lucas). Basileuterus belli (not Muscicapa belli Giraud) Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 174, 1881 — part, Guatemala (Volcan de Fuego); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 395, 1885 — part, spec, f-k, m, Guate- mala (Volcan de Fuego, Volcan de Agua, Duenas). Range. — Pacific Cordillera of Guatemala and adjacent parts of Chiapas, Mexico (San Crist6bal). *Basileuterus rufifrons2 rufifrons (Swainson). RUFOUS-CAPPED WARBLER. Setophaga rufifrons Swainson, Anim. Menag., p. 294, Dec., 1837 — Mexico8 (location of type not stated, probably in University Museum, Cambridge, Eng].). Basileuterus rufifrons Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, (2), p. 314, 1850 — Mexico; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 24, p. 291, 1856 — vicinity of Vera Cruz, Mexico; idem, I.e., 26, p. 299, 1858 — La Parada, Oaxaca; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 248, 1865 — part, Mirador and Jalapa, Vera Cruz; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 284 — Mexico (diag.); Salvin, Ibis, 1866, p. 192 — Duenas, Guatemala; Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, p. 546, 1869 — temperate region of Vera Cruz; Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, p. 16, 1874— Guichicovi, Chiapas; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 175, 1881 — part, Mexico (Apam, Real Ariba, Jalapa, Mirador, Orizaba, La Parada, Cinco Senores, Guichi- covi); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 397, 1885 — part, spec, a-i, Mexico (Jalapa, Cinco Senores) and Guatemala (Duenas); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 10, p. 25, 1898 — Jalapa, Mexico; Berlioz, Rev. Fran?. d'Orn., 8, p. 159, 1923 — Orizaba, Vera Cruz. Basileuterus rufifrons rufifrons Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 745, 1902 — southeastern Mexico from Vera Cruz to Chiapas (monog.). Idiotes rufifrons rufifrons Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 91, 1929— southern Mexico and Guatemala (monog.); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 345, 1932 — northern Guatemala (Finca La Primavera, Chanquejelve, Panajachel). 1 Judging from five west-Guatemalan specimens, B. b. scitulus seems to me rather an unsatisfactory race. 2 While agreeing with Mr. Todd that B. rufifrons is specifically distinct from B. delattrii I do not see any practical advantage in the recognition of a genus Idiotes for its reception. 3 Real Ariba, Vera Cruz, suggested as type locality by Todd (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 92, in text, 1929). 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYB 509 Basileuterus delattrii (not of Bonaparte) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 250, 1860 — Uvero, Vera Cruz, Mexico; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 176, 1881 — Guatemala, Duenas (part). Basileuterus rufifrons dugesi (not of Ridgway) Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 131, 1907— Lake Atitlan, Guatemala (crit.). Range. — Southeastern Mexico, from Puebla and central Vera Cruz to Oaxaca and Chiapas, and adjoining parts of Guatemala.1 4: Mexico (Jalapa, Vera Cruz, 1); Guatemala (Lake Atitlan, 3). *Basileuterus rufifrons jouyi Ridgway.2 JOUY'S WARBLER. Basileuterus rufifrons jouyi Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 15, p. 119, 1892 — Hacienda Angostura, San Luis Potosi, Mexico (type in U. S. National Museum); Jouy, I.e., 16, p. 777, 1893— part, Hacienda Angostura; Ridg- way, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 746, 1902— eastern Mexico, in states of San Luis Potosi and northern Vera Cruz (monog.); Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 86, 1911 — Tamaulipas (Galindo, Guiaves, Montelunga, Yerba Buena, Rampahuila, Santa Leonor, Rio Cruz). Idiotes rufifrons jouyi Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 93, 1929— eastern Mexico, from Tamaulipas to northern Puebla and northern Vera Cruz (monog.). Basileuterus rufifrons dugesi (not of Ridgway, 1892) Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 747, 1902— part, Puebla and Hidalgo. Range. — Eastern Mexico, from Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi south to Hidalgo, northern Puebla, and northern Vera Cruz. 2: Mexico (Sierra Madre, above Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, 2). *Basileuterus rufifrons dugesi Ridgway.2 DUGES'S WARBLER. Basileuterus rufifrons dugesi Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 15, p. 119, 1892 — Guanajuato, Mexico (type in U. S. National Museum); idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 747, 1902— part, Jalisco to Morelos and Guanajuato (monog.); Smith, Condor, 11, p. 61, 1909 — Cuernavaca, Morelos. Idiotes rufifrons dugesi Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 94, 1929— Mexico from Jalisco to Oaxaca (monog.). Basileuterus rufifrons jouyi (not of Ridgway) Jouy, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 777, 1893 — part, Barranca Ibarra, Jalisco. Range. — Western and central Mexico, from Jalisco and Nayarit south to Oaxaca. 5: Mexico (Tuxpan, Jalisco, 5). 1 Guatemalan specimens seem to be inseparable from a Jalapa series. 2 Basileuterus rufifrons jouyi and B. r. dugesi are both rather unsatisfactory races, their characters being recognizable only in series of newly molted specimens. 510 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Basileuterus rufifrons caudatus Nelson.1 NELSON'S WARBLER. Basikuterus rufifrons caudatus Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, p. 29, 1899 — near Alamos, Sonora, Mexico (type in U. S. National Museum); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 748, 1902— Sonora and Chihuahua (monog.); van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 28T, 1931— Guirocoba, Sonora. Basileuterus rufifrons (not Setophaga rufifrons Swainson) Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 248, 1865 — part, Sierra Madre, near Mazatlan, Sinaloa; Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 2, p. 270, 1874 — Sierra Madre, Sinaloa; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 175, 1881 — part, Sierra Madre; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 41, 1893— Napolera, Chihuahua. Basileulerus rufifrons dugesi (not of Ridgway, 1892) Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 747, 1902 — part, Sinaloa (Plomosa and Sierra Madre). Idiotes rufifrons caudatus Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 94, 1929— northwestern Mexico (monog.). Range. — Northwestern Mexico, in states of Sonora, Chihuahua, and Sinaloa. Basileuterus (rufifrons?) salvini (Cherrie).2 SALVIN'S WARBLER. Basileuterus salvini Cherrie, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, p. 342, 1891 — Coban, Vera Paz, Guatemala (type in U. S. National Museum); Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1892, p. 326 — Vera Paz, Guatemala, and Teapa, Tabasco (crit.). Basileuterus flavigaster Nelson, Auk, 14, p. 67, 1897 — Yajalon, Chiapas, Mexico (type in U. S. National Museum). Basileuterus flaviventris Sharpe, Hand List Bds., 5, p. 126, 1909 — substitute for B. flavigaster Nelson. Basileuterus delatlrii (not of Bonaparte) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 284 — southern Mexico and Guatemala (part); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 249, 1865 — Coban, Guatemala (crit.); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 176, 1881 — part, Guatemala (Coban, Lanquin, Cahabon); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 396, 1885— part, spec, b, Coban, Guatemala. 1 Basileuterus rufifrons caudatus Nelson is characterized by Todd as exceedingly close toB. r. dugesi, but still duller (near citrine drab) on the upper, and averaging paler on the lower parts. The supposedly longer tail turns out to be imaginary. We are not acquainted with this race. 1 Basileuterus (rufifrons?} salvini (Cherrie): Very similar toB. r. rufifrons, but with the yellow of the breast more extended abdominally, often covering the entire belly, with a buffy wash on the flanks and crissum. This much disputed yellow-bellied bird, though superficially resembling B. delattrii, seems to be a representative form of 5. rufifrons. Mr. Griscom recently even pleaded its specific distinctness, basing it on the fact of B. r. rufifrons having likewise been met with in the Coban district of Guatemala. With only one speci- men at hand, we are not in a position to throw any light on the problem, though the occurrence of a third "species" in Guatemala would seem to be extremely •unlikely, and we would recommend the subject for further investigation. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 511 Bas-ileuterus rufifrons (not Setophaga rufifrons Swainson) Sharpe, Cat.Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 397, 1885— part, spec, k-m, Guatemala (Coban, Cahabon). Basileuterus rufifrons salvini Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 749, 1902— Guatemala (Coban, Vera Paz); Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 84, p. 334, 1932 — Cantarranas and San Juancito, Honduras. Basileuterus rufifrons flavigaster Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 748, 1902 — southeastern Mexico, in states of Vera Cruz, Tabasco, and Chiapas, and in Guatemala (monog.). Idiotes rufifrons salvini Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 89, 1929 — southeastern Mexico to Vera Paz, Guatemala (monog.). Idiotes salvini Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 344, 1932 — Guatemala (Finca Sepacuite, Secanquim, Chimoxan, and Finca Concepci6n, Alta Vera Paz; Nebaj, Quiche^ crit.). Range. — Southeastern Mexico, from southern Vera Cruz (San Andres Tuxtla) through Tabasco (Teapa) and Chiapas (Yajalon) to northern Guatemala (depts. of Quich£ and Alta Vera Paz) and Honduras (Cantarranas and San Juancito). *Basileuterus delattrii delattrii Bonaparte. DELATTRE'S WARBLER. Basileuterus delattrii Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 38, p. 383, 1854 — Nicaragua (location of type unknown1); idem, Not. Orn. Coll. Delattre, p. 62, 1854 (reprint); Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1860, p. 274 — Duenas, Guatemala; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 284— Guatemala (part); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 176, 1881 — part, Guatemala (Duenas, Volcan de Fuego, Volcan de Agua) and Nicaragua; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 396, 1885 — part, spec, a, c-e, Guatemala (Calderas, La Trinidad, Volcan de Agua); Cherrie, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, p. 340, 1891— Costa Rica (crit); idem, I.e., 14, p. 527, 1891 — San Jose, Costa Rica (descr. young); idem, Auk, 9, p. 22, 1892 — San Jose" (nest and eggs); Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1892, p. 326 — Nicaragua (Matagalpa, Chinandega) and Guatemala (Duenas, Volcan de Fuego) (crit.). Basileuterus delattrei Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 325, 1860 — Costa Rica (crit.); Lantz, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 16, p. 223, 1899 — near Granada, Nicaragua. Basileuterus mesochrysus (not of Sclater) Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 251, 1862 — part, San Jose, Costa Rica; Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 95, 1868 — Costa Rica (San Jose, Grecia, Gualtil); Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 294, 1869— San Jos6, Costa Rica; Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 52 — San Jose and Cartago, Costa Rica; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 176, 1881 — part, Costa Rica (San Jos6, Guaitil, Grecia, Irazu); Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5, p. 499, 1883— San Jose; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 396, 1885 — part, spec, a-c, Costa Rica (Grecia, Irazu); Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 107, 1887 — Costa Rica (San Jose, Alaju61a, Naranjo de Cartago, 1 M. Berlioz informs me that it is not in the collection of the Paris Museum. 512 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Grecia, Monte Redondo); Underwood, Ibis, 1896, p. 434 — Miravalles, Costa Rica. Basileuterus rufifrons delattrii Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 749, 1902 — Nicaragua and Costa Rica (monog.); Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 131, 1907— Patulul and Lake Amatitlan, Guatemala (crit.); Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 36, 1909— Tenorio and Cerro Santa Maria, Costa Rica (crit.); Ferry, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 277, 1910— Guayabo, Costa Rica; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 798, 1910 — highlands of Costa Rica (habits, vertical range). Basileuterus delattrii delattrii Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 87, 1929 — southern Guatemala and Costa Rica (monog.); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 344, 1932 — San Lucas, western Guatemala. Range. — Western Guatemala (San Lucas, Duefias, Volcan de Fuego, Volcan de Agua), western Nicaragua (Matagalpa, Chinan- dega, etc.), and highlands of Costa Rica (except the Te"rraba Valley). 24: Guatemala (Lake Amatitlan, 2; Patulul, Solola, 7); Costa Rica (Cartago, 2; Guayabo, 9; San Jose", 2; Santa Cruz de Turri- alba, 1; unspecified, 1). *Basileuterus delattrii mesochrysus Sclater. SCLATER'S WARBLER. Basileuterus mesochrysus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 251 (in text), 1860 — "Bogota," Colombia (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 35, 1862 — "New Granada"; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 250, 1865— part, "Bogota"; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 184 — "Nova Granada" (diag.); Salvin, I.e., 1867, p. 136— Santa Fe, Veragua; idem, I.e., 1870, p. 183— Chitra and Calobre, Veragua; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 323 — Herradura and Cocuta Valley, Colombia; Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1879, p. 198 — Manaure, Colombia (crit.); idem, Ibis, 1880, p. 117 — Chirua, Colombia; idem, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 176, 1881 — part, Panama (Volcan de Chiriqui, Chitra, Calobre, Santa Fe, line of railway, Paraiso Station) and Colombia (Santa Marta, "Bogota") ;Berlepsch, Journ.Orn., 32, p. 282, 1884 — Bucara- manga, Colombia (crit.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 396, 1885— part, spec, d-o, Veragua (Calobre, Chitra, Santa Fe), Panama (Chiriquf, Paraiso), Colombia ("Bogota;" Alto, Magdalena Valley; Manaure) ; Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, pp. 144, 180, 1898— "Santa Marta" and Palomina, Colombia; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 176, 1900 — Bonda, Minca, and Cacagualito, Colombia. Basileuterus brunneiceps (not Setophaga brunniceps Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny) Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, (2), p. 314, end of 1850— "Santa F6 de Bogota." Basileuterus delattrii (not of Bonaparte) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 144, 1855 — "Bogota," Colombia (crit.); Cherrie, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 4, p. 136, 1893 — Boruca, Costa Rica. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 513 Basileuterus delattrei Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y.f 7, p. 322, 1861 — Panama Railroad. Basileuterus rufifrons delattrii Bangs, Auk, 24, p. 306, 1907 — Boruca and Paso Real, Costa Rica. Basileuterus delattrii mesochrysus Cherrie, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, p. 342, 1891 — Colombia (crit.); Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 439, 1922 — Bonda, Minca, Cacagualito, Mamatoco, Agua Dulce, Cin- cinnati, La Tigrera, and Pueblo Viejo, Santa Marta region, Colombia (crit., habits); Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 85, 1929— southwestern Costa Rica to Colombia (monog.); Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 411, 1931 — Quebrada Mateo, near Rio Frio, Magdalena, Colombia. Basileuterus rufifrons mesochrysus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 750, 1902 — Colombia to Panama (monog.); Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, p. 221, 1906 — savanna of Panama; Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 36, 1909— Buenos Aires and El General, south- western Costa Rica (crit.); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 797, 1910 — southwestern Costa Rica (Boruca, Buenos Aires, Paso Real, El General) ; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 553, 1917 — Colombia (near Honda, Chicoral, below Andalucia); Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 274, 1918— Gatun and Pedro Miguel, Panama; Hallinan, Auk, 41, p. 324, 1924— Rio Algarrobo, Sosa Hill, and Farfan, Panama (food). Range. — Tropical zone of southwestern Costa Rica (TeVraba Valley), Panama, and Colombia (Santa Marta region and Magdalena Valley).1 7: Costa Rica (Boruca, 2; Buenos Aires, 1); Panama (Colon, 1); Colombia (Andalucia, Huila, 2; "Bogota," 1). Basileuterus cinereicollis2 cinereicollis Sclater. GRAY-THROATED WARBLER. Basileuterus cinereicollis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 166 — "Bogota," Colombia (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum, examined); idem, I.e., 1865, p. 285, pi. 9, fig. 2 — "Nova Grenada" (crit.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 382, 1885— Bogota (descr.); Berlepsch and Leverkiihn, Ornis, 6, p. 7, 1890 — Bogota (crit.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 550, 1917 — Buena Vista, above Villavicencio, 1 Specimens from the Terraba Valley (Costa Rica) and Panama appear to be identical with a series of "Bogota" skins. Additional material examined. — Panama: Chiriqui,3. — Colombia: "Bogota," 12. •Basileuterus cinereicollis, while nearly allied to B. coronatus, differs rather markedly from that species by much less extensive, mainly lemon chrome coronal area with less sharply defined blackish lateral stripes, by lacking the blackish transocular streak, and by some minor details. It may be merely a strongly marked race, but its distribution is so imperfectly known that further speculation as to its relationship seems futile. While both B. c. cinereicollis and B. coronatus regulus inhabit the eastern Andes of Colombia, they have yet to be taken in the same localities. Material examined. — Colombia: "Bogotd," 5; La Palmita, Santander, 4; Rio Negro, Boyaca, 4; Buena Vista, above Villavicencio, 3. 514 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII eastern Colombia (crit.); Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 38, 1929 — eastern Andes of Colombia (monog.). Range. — Subtropical zone of the eastern Andes of Colombia, in states of Santander (La Palmita; Pueblo Nuevo), Boyaca (Rio Negro), and Cundinamarca (Buena Vista, above Villavicencio). Basileuterus cinereicollis conspicillatus Salvin and Godman.1 SANTA MARTA GRAY-THROATED WARBLER. Basileuterus conspicillatus Salvin and Godman, Ibis, (4), 4, p. 117, 1880— San Jos6, Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia (cotypes in Salvin-Godman Collection, now in British Museum, examined); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 389, 1885— San Jos6; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 441, 1922 — Chirua, La Concepci6n, San Miguel, Las Nubes, Valparaiso, Cincinnati, San Lorenzo, Las Taguas, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Las Vegas, Minca, and Pueblo Viejo, Colombia (crit., habits); Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 39, 1929— Santa Marta region (monog.). Basileuterus cinereicollis (not of Sclater) Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, pp. 160, 180, 1898 — Pueblo Viejo, San Francisco, and Palomina; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, pp. 120, 175, 1900— Las Nubes, Onaca, Valparaiso, and El Libano (crit.). Range. — Subtropical zone of the Santa Marta Mountains in northern Colombia. *Basileuterus coronatus regulus Todd.2 NORTHERN ORANGE- CROWNED WARBLER. Basileuterus coronatus regulus Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 36, 1929 — Paramo de Rosas, State of Lara, Venezuela (type in Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh). 1 Basileuterus cinereicollis conspicillatus Salvin and Godman: Similar to B. c. cinereicollis, but with decidedly smaller bill; coronal patch generally more orange (near mars yellow) with the blackish lateral stripes more extended posteriorly; the back, wings, and tail externally brighter, light olive green rather than olive citrine; supraloral streak more pronounced and white instead of gray; lower eyelid white; the gray color underneath confined to the throat, not carried on to the chest; under wing coverts whitish instead of greenish. Wing, 63-69, (female) 60-63; tail, 56-62; bill, 12. I do not understand how the late R. B. Sharpe (Hand List Bds., 5, p. 123, 1909) could ever credit me with the statement that B. conspicillatus and£. cinerei- collis were the same. As early as 1906 I had compared a series from Santa Marta with the material of B. cinereicollis in the British Museum, and duly noted the differences between the two races, the memorandum made at that time being still in my possession. Material examined. — Colombia, Santa Marta region: San Jos4, 2 (the cotypes); Valparaiso, 5; Onaca, 1; Las Nubes, 2. 2 Basileuterus coronatus regulus Todd: Similar to B. c. coronatus, but median coronal stripe paler, mars yellow rather than orange rufous, and upper parts slightly more greenish, less tinged with brownish. Additional material examined. — Venezuela: Sierra of Merida (Merida, El Valle, Escorial, etc.), 10. — Colombia: "Bogota," 12; Santa Elena, 3; Santo Antonio, 6. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 515 Basileuterus coronatus (not Myiodioctes coronatm Tschudi) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 144, 1855— "Bogota," Colombia; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 34, 1862 — part, spec, b, "Bogota"; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 244, 1865— part, "Bogota"; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 284 — part, "Nova Granada"; Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1875, p. 234 — Me>ida, Venezuela; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 494 — Santa Elena, Antio- quia, Colombia (nest and eggs descr.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 390, 1885 — part, spec, a-g, "Bogota," Medellin, Santa Elena, and Antioquia; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 552, 1917 — San Antonio, Las Lomitas, Cerro Munchique, Miraflores, Salento, Laguneta, Santa Elena, El Eden, Almaguer, La Candela, Subia, Fusugasuga, and El Roble, Colombia. Range. — Subtropical zone of the Andes of Colombia (except eastern slope and northern part of the eastern Andes and Santa Marta Mountains) and western Venezuela (from Tachira to Trujillo and Lara). 9: Colombia ("Bogota," 3; Laguneta, west Quindio Andes, Cauca, 1; Rio Zapata, 1); Venezuela (Andes of MeYida, Nevados, 1; Rio Mucujon, 1; Tabay, Me"rida, 2). Basileuterus coronatus elatus Todd.1 ECUADORIAN ORANGE- CROWNED WARBLER. Basileuterus coronatus elatus Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 35, 1929 — Pagma Forest, Hacienda Jalancay, near Chunchi, western Ecuador (type in coll. of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia). Basileuterus coronatus (not Myiodioctes coronatus Tschudi) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 27, p. 137, 1859— Pallatanga, Ecuador; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 34, 1862 — part, spec, a, Pallatanga; Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 244, 1865— part, Ecuador; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 284 — part, Ecuador; Berlepsch and Taczanowski, I.e., 1884, p. 286 — Cayandeled, Tribulpata, and Cechce (crit.); Stolzmann, I.e., 1885, p. 423 (range); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 390, 1885— part, spec. h-1, "Jima" and Pallatanga, Ecuador; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 9, 1899— Nanegal and Niebli; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 314 — Milligalli and Canzacota, Ecuador; Menegaux, Miss. Serv. Geog. Armee Mes. Arc Merid.Equat., 9, p. B. 73, 1911 — Nono and "Quito"; Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 78, 1922— road to Nanegal, Ecuador; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 601, 1926— Huigra, Pagma Forest, Verdecocha, road to Nanegal, and Pallatanga, 1 Basileuterus coronatus elatus Todd: Similar to B. c. coronatus, but somewhat smaller; upper parts generally more brownish in tone; throat paler gray; flanks and under tail coverts washed with olive ocher rather than greenish; lateral black crown stripes narrower, not meeting in front, and orange rufous coronal patch correspondingly larger. Wing (adult males), 66-70; tail, 55-59; bill, 11-12. Material examined. — Western Ecuador: Govinda, 1; Cayandeled, 2; Palla- tanga, 1; above Gualea, 1; Nanegal, 1; Niebli, 3; Milligalli, 5; Canzacota, 2; "Quito," 3. 516 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Ecuador; Berlioz, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 34, p. 73, 1928— Pilon and Aluguincho, Ecuador. Range. — Subtropical zone of western Ecuador south to the Rio Chimbo. *Basileuterus coronatus coronatus (Tschudi). ORANGE-CROWNED WARBLER. Myiodioctes coronatus Tschudi, Arch. Naturg., 10, (1), p. 283, 1844 — Peru (type in Neuchatel Museum examined); idem, Unters. Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 193, pi. 14, fig. 1, 1846 — forests of the Chanchamayo Valley, Dept. Junin (cf. I.e., p. 194, in text of M. tristriatus). Basileuterus coronatus Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 509 — Paltaypampa and Auquimarca, Dept. Junin, Peru; idem, I.e., 1882, p. 6 — Cococho, Ray-urmana, Chachapoyas, and Tamiapampa; idem, Orn. Per., 1, p. 476, 1884 — Peruvian localities (descr.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 390, 1885 — part, spec, m, Auquimarca; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 331— Garita del Sol, Dept. Junin; idem, Ornis, 13, pp. 75, 107, 1906 — Idma (Urubamba) and Huayna- pata (Marcapata); Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 107, 1921 — Idma, San Miguel Bridge, and near Torontoy, Urubamba. Basileuterus coronatus coronatus Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 33, 1929 — Peru (monog.); Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 428, 1930 — Chinchao, Dept. Huanuco. Basileuterus coronatus elatus Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 35, 1929 — part, northern Peru. Range. — Subtropical zone of Peru, from the eastern Cordillera (both slopes) in depts. of Amazonas and San Martin south to the Bolivian boundary.1 4: Peru (Chinchao, 1; Molinopampa, 1; Uchco, 2). Basileuterus coronatus notius Todd.2 BOLIVIAN ORANGE- CROWNED WARBLER. 1 Birds from various parts of Peru, while subject to some individual variation, appear to me to pertain to one and the same form. The type, although slightly faded through long exposure to light, agrees in size and coloration with specimens from Junin (Utcuyacu, Chelpes). Certain individuals from northeastern Peru, in some details, resemble the west-Ecuadorian race (B. c. elatus), to which they have actually been referred by Mr. Todd, but taken as a whole the inhabitants of that region seem to be nearer to typical coronatus, inasmuch as other examples are practically indistinguishable from Junin birds, while not one is exactly like the Ecuadorian form. Specimens from extreme southeastern Peru (San Miguel, Urubamba; Huaynapata), by more purely olive green upper parts, closely approach B. c. notius, but they are larger and of a clearer yellow below. Very similar examples occur, however, in other parts of Peru. Additional material examined. — Cococho, 1; Tamiapampa, 1; Chachapoyas, 2; Ray-urmana, 2; La Lejia, north of Chachapoyas, 2; Garita del Sol, Vitoc, 1; Utcuyacu, 6; Chelpes, 4; Idma, Urubamba, 3; San Miguel Bridge, Urubamba, 3; Huaynapata, 3; unspecified, 1 (the type). 2 Basileuterus coronatus notius Todd: Similar to B. c. coronatus, but some- what smaller; upper parts more purely olive green; under surface duller yellow, 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 517 Basileuterus coronatus notius Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 33, 1929 — Yungas of Cochabamba, Bolivia (type in the Carnegie Museum). Range. — Subtropical zone of the eastern slope of the Andes of Bolivia (Yungas of Cochabamba). Basileuterus castaneiceps1 castaneiceps Sclater and Salvin. CHESTNUT-CROWNED WARBLER. Basileuterus castaneiceps Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, p. 521 — "Jima, on the head-waters of the Rio Santiago, not very far from Cuenca," Ecuador (type in Salvin-Godman Collection, now in the British Museum); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 389, 1885— part, spec, b, c, Sical and Jima. Basileuterus castaneiceps castaneiceps Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 600, 1926 — southwestern Ecuador (El Chiral, Zaruma, Taraguacocha, Loja) and northwestern Peru (El Tambo, Palambla); Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 30, 1929 (monog.). Range. — Subtropical zone of southwestern Ecuador (in provinces of El Oro and Loja) and adjacent parts of northwestern Peru (El Tambo and Palambla, eastern section of Dept. Piura).2 Basileuterus castaneiceps orientalis Chapman.3 EASTERN CHEST- NUT-CROWNED WARBLER. Basileuterus castaneiceps orientalis Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 143, p. 8, 1924 — upper slopes of Mount Sumaco, head of Rio Suno, eastern Ecuador (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 601, 1926— Puente del Rio Quixos, lower Rio Sardinas, Oyacachi, and Macas region; Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 31, 1929 — eastern Ecuador (monog.). more shaded with olivaceous (pyrite yellow) on breast and sides. Wing, 67-69, (female) 60-64; tail, 59-60, (female) 54-56; bill, 11-12. Material examined. — Bolivia: Quebrada Onda, 5. 1 Basileuterus castaneiceps is probably conspecific with B. coronatus, such relationship being suggested by the intermediate characters of B. castaneiceps orientalis. The two groups seem to replace each other geographically. B. coronatus elatus inhabits western Ecuador north of the Rio Chimbo, while south of that line B. c. castaneiceps is found. In Peru, the upper Maranon Valley apparently separates the ranges of B. castaneiceps chapmani and B. coronatus coronatus, the former occupying the eastern slope of the western Cordillera, the latter the western slope of the central Cordillera, whereas B. castaneiceps castaneiceps extends down to the western side of the western Cordillera. 2 Birds from Palambla are identical with others from Ecuador. Material examined. — Ecuador: Jima, 1; Govinda, 1; El Chiral, 3; Loja, 2. — Peru: Palambla, Piura, 4. 3 Basileuterus castaneiceps orientalis Chapman: Similar to B. c. castaneiceps, but upper parts decidedly brighter, more greenish (between dark citrine and olive green); under surface anteriorly more grayish, abdomen and flanks more strongly washed or edged with yellowish; crissum more decidedly yellow; size on average larger. Wing (male), 70-74; tail, 62-65. Material examined. — Eastern Ecuador: San Rafael, 1; Machay, 1; Baeza, 3. 518 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Basileuterus castaneiceps (not of Sclater and Salvin) Taczanowski and Ber- lepsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, p. 74 — Machay and San Rafael; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 315— Baeza. Range. — Subtropical zone of eastern Ecuador. Basileuterus castaneiceps chapman! Todd.1 CHAPMAN'S CHEST- NUT-CROWNED WARBLER. Basileuterus castaneiceps chapmani Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 32, 1929 — Chaupe, east side of western Cordillera, northern Peru (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York). Basileuterus castaneiceps (not of Sclater and Salvin) Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 223— Tambillo; idem, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 474, 1884— Cutervo and Tambillo; Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, p. 423 (range). Range. — Subtropical zone of the eastern slope of the western Cordillera in northern Peru (Chaupe, Cutervo, Tambillo). *Basileuterus fraseri fraseri Sclater. ERASER'S WARBLER. Basileuterus fraseri Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 541 — part, Chimbo, Ecuador (nomen nudum, ex Sclater, MS.); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 653, pi. 61— part (type from Pal- latanga, Ecuador, in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum); Berlepsch and Taczanowski, I.e., 1884, p. 286 — Pedregal, Ecuador; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 394, 1885— part, spec, b, Pallatanga; Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 480, 1898— Chimbo. Basileuterus fraseri fraseri Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 602, 1926 — Ecuador (Chimbo, Rios Coco and Chimbo, Rio Jubones, La Puente, La Chonta, Santa Rosa, El Chiral, Portovelo, Zaruma, Salvias, Punta Santa Ana, Las Pinas, Guainche, Cebollal, Lumama, Alamor, Pulango) and Peru (Milagros, Paletillas, Palambla); Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 40, 1929 (monog.). Basileuterus chrysogaster (not Setophaga chrysogaster Tschudi) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 27, p. 137, 1859— Pallatanga; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 35, 1862 — part, spec, a, Pallatanga; idem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 284 — part, Ecuador (in part). Range. — Peru (eastern section of Piura) and southwestern Ecua- dor, in Subtropical zone; Tropical zone from Santa Rosa northward. 2: Ecuador (Puente de Chimbo, 2). 1 Basileuterus castaneiceps chapmani Todd: Nearest to B. c. castaneiceps, but above much darker and browner (medal bronze) with the central coronal stripe slightly darker, and chest more tinged with grayish. Wing, 70-72, (female) 63-64; tail, 60-61, (female) 57-58. This form approaches the typical race in having hardly any yellow on the abdomen, but is much browner on the upper parts and more grayish on the chest. Its range appears to be restricted to the eastern slope of the western Cordillera of northern Peru, while on the opposite side of the same chain beyond Huanca- bamba Pass, at Palambla and El Tambo, typical B. c. castaneiceps takes its place. Material examined. — Peru: Tambillo, 3; Chaupe, 1. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 519 Basile uterus fraseri ochraceicrista Chapman.1 OCHREOUS- CRESTED WARBLER. Basileuterus fraseri ochraceicrista Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 18, p. 11, 1921 — Chone, Manavi, Ecuador (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 602, 1926 — Chone, Chongocito, Chongon Hills, Guayaquil, Chimbo, Rios Coco and Chimbo, and Naranjo, Ecuador; Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 42, 1929 (monog.); Berlioz, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, (2), 4, p. 235, 1932— Isla Silva, Rio Babahoyo. Basileuterus chrysogaster (not Setophaga chrysogaster Tschudi) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 273, 1860— Babahoyo; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 35, 1862 — part, spec, b, Babahoyo; idem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 284 — part, Ecuador (in part). Basileuterus fraseri Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 541 — part, Guayaquil (nomen nudum, ex Sclater, MS.); Sclater, I.e., 1883, p. 653— part, Babahoyo; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 394, 1885 — part, spec, a, c-e, Babahoyo, Santa Rita, and Balzar; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 9, 1900— Vinces, Ecuador (spec, examined). Range. — Arid Tropical zone of southwestern Ecuador, from Manavi to Guayaquil and Puna Island. *Basileuterus rivularis mesoleucus Sclater.2 DEMERARA WARBLER. Basileuterus mesoleucus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 286, pi. 9, fig. 1 — Demerara, British Guiana (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum); Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 203 — Camacusa, British Guiana; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 402, 1885— Guiana (Demerara, Camacusa); Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 11, 1902 — Suapure, Caura River, Venezuela; Men6gaux, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 13, p. 496, 1907— French Guiana (crit.); Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 108, 1908 — Approuague and Ipousin, French Guiana (spec, examined); Penard and Penard, Vog. Guyana, 2, p. 489, 1910— British Guiana; Snethlage, 1 Basileuterus fraseri ochraceicrista Chapman: Very similar toJ5. /. fraseri, but vertical spot ochraceous orange or mars orange instead of bright lemon chrome. Seven specimens from Guayaquil, Vinces, Chongon Hills, and Chone, when compared with ten typical fraseri, are distinguishable by the coloration of the •crown. Complete intergradation takes place in the Chimbo Valley. 2 Basileuterus rivularis mesoleucus Sclater: Closely similar to B. r. rivularis, but superciliaries and lower eyelid much deeper in color, ochraceous tawny rather than pinkish buff; auricular region tinged with ochraceous tawny; white area below more extensive and less buffy; flanks more brownish. Wing, 61-64, (female) 58-62; tail, 55-58, (female) 54-56; bill, 11-12. In various individuals the feathers of the forehead are marked with small basal spots of whitish or buff, much as in B. r. rivularis. Additional material examined. — Venezuela: Suapure, Caura River, 1. — British Guiana: Caramang River, 3. — French Guiana: Ipousin, 1; Approuague River, 2; Saint Jean du Maroni, 1; unspecified, 1. — Brazil, Para: Para, 1; Santo Antonio do Prata, 1. 520 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 483, 1914— Para, Peixe-Boi, and Santo Antonio do Prata, Para, Brazil; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 153, 1916— Suapure, Caura River; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 418, 1921— Ituribisci, Supenaam, Kamakabra Creek, and Camacusa; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 2, No. 6, p. 59, 1926 — Tury-assu, Maranhao ; Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 22, 1929 (monog.). Basileuterus rivularis mesoleucus Hellmayr, Abhandl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Phys. Kl., 26, No. 2, p. 86, 1912— Santo Antonio do Prata, Para; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 173, 1928— Rio Muraiteua, Para; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 259, 1929— Tury-assu, Maranhao. Range. — Northeastern Venezuela from the Orinoco Delta (Man- imo River) to the Caura River (Suapure) ; British and French Guiana; northeastern Brazil, on the Rio Branco and south of the Amazon from northern Maranhao (Tury-assu) west to the Rio Tapajoz (Colonia do Mojuy, Villa Braga). 3: Brazil, Rio Branco (Conceicao, 1; Serra Grande, 1; Serra da Lua, near B6a Vista, 1). *Basileuterus rivularis rivularis (Wied). BUFF-BREASTED WARBLER. Muscicapa rivularis Wied, Reise Bras., 2, p. 103, 1821 — Villa d'llhe'os, Bahia, Brazil (type now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York; cf. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 215, 1889); idem, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), p. 789, 1831— Rios Belmonte and Ilheos, southern Bahia. Muscicapa stragulata Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. Berliner Mus., p. 55, 1823 — Sao Paulo (type in Berlin Museum). Geothlypis stragulata Cabanis, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 17, 1851 — Bahia; Euler, Journ. Orn., 16, p. 191, 1868 — Cantagallo (nest and eggs descr.); Cabanis, I.e., 22, p. 82, 1874— Cantagallo. Trichas stragulata Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 115, 1856 — Sao- Paulo (descr.). Basileuterus stragulatus Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 35, 1862 — Brazil;: Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, pp. 243, 244, 1865 (diag.); Sclater, Proc. ZooL Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 285— Brazil (diag.); Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 72, 1868 — Rio de Janeiro (Registre do Sai), Sao Paulo (Taipa, Ypanema, Rio Parana), and Parana (Paranagua, Curytiba) (spec, examined); R'einhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 444 — Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 232, 1873 — Blumenau, Santa Catharina (crit.; spec, examined); Sharpe, Cat. Bds_ Brit. Mus., 10, p. 401, 1885 — Sao Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul (Lag6a dos Patos); Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 117, 1899— Lag&a dos Patos; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 135, 1899 — Iguape", Sao Paulo;. Euler, I.e., 4, p. 14, 1900 (nest and eggs descr.); Ihering, I.e., 4, p. 152, 1900 — Cantagallo and Nova Friburgo; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 334, 1907— Sao Paulo (Iguape', Bauru, Alto da Serra, Ubatuba, ItararS) and 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 521 Paran£ (Ourinho); Bertoni, Anal. Soc. Cient. Arg., 75, p. 97, 1913 — Iguazu, Misiones; idem, Faun. Parag., p. 60, 1914 — Paraguay (Puerto Bertoni) and Misiones (Rio Iguazu). Basileuterus strangulatus (sic) Bertoni, Rev. Inst. Parag., 1907 [Sep., p. 2) — Paraguay (Puerto Bertoni, Mondaih, Iguazu). Siphia obscura Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 789 — "Borneo," errore (type in British Museum); cf. Lowe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41, p. 35, 1920 (crit.). Basileuterus mesoleucus leucophrys (not of Pelzeln) Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 185, 1926— Parana (Salto de Uba, Salto das Bananeiras, Salto Guayra, Porto Mendes). Basileuterus mesoleucus guayrae Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 186, 1926 — Salto Guayra, Parana (type in Warsaw Museum). Basileuterus rivularis Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 24, 1929 (monog.). Range. — Wooded region of southeastern Brazil, from southern Bahia (Rio Cachoeira [=Ilhe'os] and Rio Belmonte) south to Santa Catharina and northern Rio Grande do Sul (Lagoa dos Patos), and the adjacent districts of Misiones (Rio Iguazu), and Paraguay (Puerto Bertoni).1 1: Brazil (Fazenda Cayoa, Salto Grande do Rio Paranapanema, Sao Paulo, 1). Basileuterus rivularis bolivianus Sharpe.2 BOLIVIAN WARBLER. Basileuterus bolivianus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 402, 1885 — Yuyo, Dept. La Paz, Bolivia (type in British Museum examined); Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 23, 1929— Juntas, Tres Arroyas (Rio Espirito Santo), Rio Surutu, Rio Yapacani, Cerro del Ambero, Cerro Hosane, Vermejo, and Santa Cruz, Bolivia (monog.). 1 There does not seem to be any local variation in this form. The few topo- typical Bahia skins before us, while rather dark, on chest and sides, can be exactly matched by others from more southern localities. The late J. Sztolcman incon- ceivably referred a series from Parana to B. leucophrys, but noticing several striking discrepancies between his birds and Pelzeln's description tentatively proposed for them the name B. m. guayrae without mentioning B. rivularis, with which his alleged novelty is obviously identical. Additional material examined. — Brazil: Bahia, 3; Registre do Sai, Rio de Janeiro, 2; Taipa, Sao Paulo, 1; Ypanema, Sao Paulo, 2; Itarare, Sao Paulo, 1; Porto do Rio Parana, Sao Paulo, 1; Victoria do Botucatu, Sap Paulo, 1; Curytiba, Parana, 1; Paranagua, Parana, 1; Blumenau, Santa Catharina, 1. * Basileuterus rivularis bolivianus Sharpe: Very nearly related toB. r. rivularis, but pileum uniform neutral gray without white basal spots on the forehead and blackish lateral crown stripes; superciliaries narrower and more decidedly buffy; no distinct dusky patch in the upper auricular region, etc. Wing, 66-69, (female) 64; tail, 55-57, (female) 52; bill, 11-12. The type differs from the other specimens examined by more rufescent throat, but its poor state of preservation is prohibitive of final conclusion as to the signi- ficance of this slight variation. Material examined. — Bolivia: Yuyo, 1 (the type); Juntas, 2; San Mateo, 1. 522 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Basileuterus mesoleucus (not of Sclater) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 594— Yuyo, Bolivia (crit.). Range. — Eastern foothills of Bolivia, in depts. of La Paz, Cocha- bamba, Santa Cruz, and Tarija. *Basileuterus fulvicauda fulvicauda (Spix). FULVOUS-RUMPED WARBLER. Muscicapa fulvicauda Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 2, p. 20, pi. 28, fig. 2, 1825 — no locality given; Sao Paulo de Olivenga, Rio Solimoes, Brazil, suggested by Todd (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 18, 1929) as type locality (type in Munich Museum examined). Basileuterus uropygialis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, p. 128 — "Brazil" (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 35, 1862— Brazil; idem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 286, pi. 10, fig. 2 — part (excl. hab. Panama); Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1867, pp. 749, 754— Chyavetas, Peru; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 257— Chyavetas and Santa Cruz, Peru; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 173, (in text), 1881 — Ecuador (Sarayacu), Peru (Chyavetas), and Colombia ("Bogota"); Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 509 — Monterico and Amable Maria, Peru; idem, I.e., 1882, p. 6 — Huambo, Peru; idem, Orn. Per., 1, p. 478, 1884— Peru (Chyavetas, Santa Cruz, Monterico, Amable Maria, Huambo); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 405, 1885 — part, spec, a-e, h, i, Ecuador (Sarayacu), "Bogota," and Peru (Santa Cruz, Chyavetas); Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 331 (crit. note on type); Salvador! and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 9, 1899— Rio Zamora, Ecuador (crit.). Basileuterus uropygialis poliothrix Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 331 — La Gloria and La Merced, Chanchamayo, Dept. Junin, Peru (type, from La Gloria, in Berlepsch Collection, now in Frankfort Museum, examined). Basileuterus fulvicauda Hellmayr, Abhandl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., II. Kl., 22, No. 3, p. 652, 1906 (crit.). Basileuterus fulvicauda semicervinus (not of Sclater) Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 265, 1910— Calama, Rio Madeira (crit.). Basileuterus fulvicauda fulvicauda Hellmayr, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 7, 1920 — Yahuarmayo, Peru (crit.). Basileuterus fulvicaudus fulvicaudus Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 603, 1926 — Zamora, Rio Suno, and below San Jose, eastern Ecuador (crit.). Phaeothlypis fulvicauda fulvicauda Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 17, 1929 — eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru east to the Rio Madeira (monog.). Phaeothlypis fulvicauda poliothrix Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 16, 1929 — southern Peru (monog.). Range. — Tropical zone of eastern Peru (in the northern section east of the central Cordillera) and eastern Ecuador (and probably 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS— HELLMAYR 523 southeastern Colombia), east through western Brazil, south of the Rio Solimdes, to the Rio Madeira (Calama).1 4: Peru (Moyobamba, 3; Yurimaguas, 1). Basileutems fulvicauda an nexus (Todd).2 MARA5J6N FULVOUS- RUMPED WARBLER. Phaeothlypis semicervina annexa Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 15, 1929 — Pomara, lower Maran6n, Peru (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York). Range. — Tropical zone of the Maran6n Valley in northern Peru. 'Basileuterus fulvicauda semicervinus Sclater. FAWN-BELLIED WARBLER. Basileuterus semicervinus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 84, 1860 — Nanegal, western Ecuador (types in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum); idem, I.e., 28, p. 291, 1860— Esmeraldas, Ecuador; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds.f p. 35, 1862 — Nanegal; idem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 286, pi. 10, fig. 1— Ecuador (diag.); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, pp. 243, 244, 1865— Ecuador (ex Sclater); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 494 — Remedies and Neche, Antioquia, Colombia; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 173 (in text), 1881 — Colombia and western Ecuador (crit.); Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 541 — Chimbo, Ecuador; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 284, 1884 — Bucaramanga, Colombia; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 404, 1885— Ecuador ("Quito"), Santa Rita, Nanegal and Colombia ("Bogota"); Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 480, 1898— Cachavf, Ecuador; Salvador! and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 357, p. 9, 1899— Rio Peripa, Ecuador; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 314— Nanegal, Ecuador. 1 Although Mr. Todd has recently endorsed its validity, I am unable to discover any constant character whereby to separate the supposed southern race poliothrix, individual variation being unusually great. Of two topotypes from the Chancha- mayo Valley, only one (the type) has the basal part of the tail and the upper tail coverts a slight shade paler buffy and the back faintly more olivaceous than specimens from eastern Ecuador and Brazil, whereas the second example is much more deeply colored on the rump as well as on the under parts, thereby closely approaching certain individuals of B, f. semicervinus. There is, of course, the possibility that birds from Chanchamayo and the adjacent districts may be inter-grades to B. f. annexus, and that a slightly differentiated form has devel- oped in southeastern Peru, whose inhabitants appear to be more constant in their characters. It is well to note, however, that an adult from Calama, Rio Madeira, can hardly be distinguished from the dark-colored Chanchamayo bird, suggesting the individual rather than geographic nature of the variation. Additional material examined. — Ecuador: Sarayacu, 3; Rio Zamora, 1. — Brazil: Sao Paulo de Olivenca, 2; Hyutanahan, Rio Purus, 5; Calama, Rio Madeira, 1; unspecified, 1 (the type). — Peru: Huambo, 1; Santa Cruz, 1; Chanchamayo, 2; Yahuarmayo, 1; Rio Tavara, 2. a Basileuterus fulvicauda annexus (Todd) : Very similar to B. /. semicervinus, but apical portion of tail more olivaceous, and under parts less strongly suffused with buffy, thus verging to B. /. fulvicauda. Material examined. — Peru: Pomara, 2. 524 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Basileuterus uropygialis (not of Sclater) Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, p. 331— Palmal, Ecuador; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 405, 1885 — part, spec, f, g, Remedies, Colombia. Basileuterus fulvicauda semicervinus Hellmayr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911, p. 1092 — Juntas (Rio Dagua) and Rio Garrapatas (Sipi), Colombia; Chap- man, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 553, 1917— Alto Bonito, Bagado, Juntas de Tamana, Novita, San Jos6, Barbacoas, Ricaurte, Puerto Valdivia, and Peque, Colombia; Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, p. 183, 1929 — Cana, Darien, Panama. Basileuterus fulvicauda fulvicauda (not Muscicapa fulvicauda Spix) Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 553, 1917— Chicoral, Magdalena Valley, Colombia (crit.). Basileuterus fulvicaudus semicervinus Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 603, 1926 — Esmeraldas, Cuaque El Destine, Bucay, Rio de Oro, Chimbo, La Chonta, and Cebollal, Ecuador. Phaeothlypis semicervina semicervina Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 13, 1929 — eastern Panama to Ecuador (monog.); Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 72, p. 368, 1932— Obaldia, eastern Panama. Range. — Tropical zone of eastern Panama (Darien) and south through Colombia (east to the Magdalena Valley) to western Ecuador.1 5: Colombia (Quibdo, Atrato River, 1; Alto Bonito, Antioquia, 1; San Jos£ de Buenaventura, 1; "Bogota," 2). *Basileuterus fulvicauda veraguensis Sharpe.2 VERAGUAN BUFF- RUMPED WARBLER. Basileuterus veraguensis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 403, 1885 — Paraiso Station, Panama Railroad, Panama (type in British Museum); Cherrie, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 4, p. 136, 1893— Boruca and Buenos Aires, Costa Rica; idem, I.e., 6, p. 12, 1895 — Rio Naranjo, Costa Rica (crit., habits). 1 Birds from Colombia, including a number of Bogota skins, appear to me inseparable from Ecuadorian specimens, and I do not see how a Magdalena Valley form can be separated, if those from Bogota are representative of it. Speci- mens from Darien, eastern Panama, which we have not seen, are stated by Todd to be typical of semicervinus. Additional material examined. — Colombia: Rio Garrapatas (Sipi), 1; Juntas, Rio Dagua, 5; Jimenez, 2; "Bogota," 10. — Ecuador: Cachabi, 1; San Javier, 9; Pambilar, 2; Paramba, 9; Bulun, 1; Lita, 1; Nanegal, 2; Chimbo, 1. 2 This is rather a variable form connecting the Central American leucopygius with semicervinus. Certain individuals without brownish mottling underneath look much like the South American race, though they still differ by more brownish (less olivaceous) back and less decidedly buffy sides of the head. Such specimens, which are not rare along the Panama Railroad line, have given rise to reports of semicervinus occurring in that district, and have even induced Mr. Griscom to redescribe the present form as B. f. toddi. Additional material examined. — Panama: Capira, 1; Panama Railroad (Lion Hill), 3. — Chiriqui: El Banco, 1; Boquete, 3. — Costa Rica (Boruca, Buenos Aires), 14. 1935 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — HELLMAYR 525 Basileuterus uropygialis (not of Sclater) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 347— Lion Hill, Panama Railroad (crit.); Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 246, 1865 — Panama Railroad (crit.); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 286— part, Panama; Salvin, I.e., 1867, p. 136— Santa Fe, Veragua; idem, I.e., 1870, p. 183— Bugaba, Chiriquf. Basileuterus semicervinus (not of Sclater) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 322, 1861— Panama Railroad (crit.). Basileuterus leucopygius (not of Sclater and Salvin) Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 172, 1881 — part, Panama (Bugaba, Santa Fe, Panama Railroad). Basileuterus leucopygius veraguensis Bangs, Auk, 18, p. 368, 1901 — Divala, Chiriquf; idem, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 60, 1902 — Boquete, Chiriqui. Basileuterus semicervinus veraguensis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 756, 1902 — Panama to southwestern Costa Rica (monog.); Bangs, Auk, 24, p. 306, 1907 — Boruca and Paso Real, Costa Rica (crit.); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 794, 1910 — El General, Buenos Aires, de Terraba, Pozo Azul de Pirrls, Paso Real, and Boruca, Costa Rica (crit.); Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 274, 1918— Rio Siri, Panama. Basileuterus fulvicauda toddi Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 280, p. 14, 1927 — Boqueron, Pacific slope of Chiriqui, Panama (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York). Phaeothlypis leucopygia veraguensis Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 11, 1929 — Panama to southwestern Costa Rica (monog.). Range. — Tropical zone of Panama, from the Canal Zone west- ward on the Pacific slope to southwestern Costa Rica (north to the Pirns Valley). 4: Panama (El Banco, Chiriqui, 1); Costa Rica (Boruca, 3). *Basileuterus fulvicauda leucopygia (Sclater and Salvin). BUFF- RUMPED WARBLER. Basileuterus leucopygius Sclater and Salvin, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., p. 156, 1873 — Costa Rica (type in coll. of P. L. Sclater, now in British Museum); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 172, 1881 — part, Nicaragua (Greytown) and Costa Rica (Tucurriqui, Angostura, Tufs); Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6, p. 399, 1884— Los Sabalos, Nicaragua (habits); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 10, p. 402, 1885— Tucurriquf, Costa Rica; Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 107, 1887— Angostura and Tuis, Costa Rica; Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 585, 1888— Segovia River, Honduras; Richmond, I.e., 16, p. 485, 1893— Rio Frio, Nicaragua (habits); Underwood, Ibis, 1896, p. 434 — Miravalles, Costa Rica. Basileuterus uropygialis (not of Sclater) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, p. 180, 1866— Greytown, Nicaragua; idem, I.e., 9, p. 95, 1868— Angostura and Tuis, Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 294, 1869— Costa Rica; Salvin, Ibis, 1872, p. 313— Nicaragua; Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 52 — San Jose, Costa Rica. 526 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII Basileuterus semicervinus lewopygius Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5, p. 390, 1882— La Palma, Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 757, 1902— Costa Rica to Honduras (monog.); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 793, 1910 — Carrillo, Reven- tazon, La Vijagua, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Tenorio, Guapiles, Guacimo, and El Hogar, Costa Rica (habits); Rendahl, Ark. Zoo!., 12, No. 8, p. 36, 1919 — Siquirres, Costa Rica. (?) Basileuterus fulvicauda gaffneyi Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 280, p. 14, 1927 — Guaval, Rio CaloveVora, Caribbean slope of Veragua, Panama (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York). Phaeothlypis leucopygia leucopygia Todd, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 74, art. 7, p. 9, 1929 — Honduras to western Panama (monog.); Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 337, 1931 — Western River and Guabo, Almirante Bay, Panama; Huber, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 84, p. 240, 1932— Lone Star Falls, near Eden, Nicaragua. Range. — Tropical zone from southern Honduras (Segovia River) to Costa Rica (except southwestern section) and (?) thence eastward along the Caribbean slope to western Panama (Veragua).1 7: Costa Rica (Miravalles, 1; Turrialba, 1; Siquirres, 1; Peralta, 1; La Iberia, Province of Limon, 3). 1 The three specimens from the Rio CaloveVora, Veragua, forming the basis of B. /. gaffneyi, have the chest and flanks more heavily washed with dusky, the tone of these markings being at the same time dark grayish olive rather than brownish; but in view of the great individual variation observable in leucopygius and veraguensis more material is needed for sustaining its claims to recognition. Fifteen specimens from Costa Rica and three from Veragua (Rio Calove'vora) have been examined. INDEX Bold-faced type denotes names adopted in this work. abacpensis, Dendroica 406 abariensis, Notiocorys 91 abariensis, Pachysylvia 166 Abelorhina 284 acceptus, Myioborus 462 achrustera, Dendroica 406 Acridotheres 218 actia, Otocoris 6 actius, Chionophilos 6 acuticauda, Hylophilus 175 acuticauda, Pachysylvia 176 adelaidae, Dendroica 400 adelaidae, Sylvicola 401 adusta, Otocoris 8 adustus, Chionophilos 8 aemula, Pachysylvia 161 aemulus, Hylophilus 161 aequalis, Stelgidopteryx 41 aequatorialis, Dacnis : . . . . 278 aequatorialis, Dendroica 382 aequatorialis, Hirundo 71 aequatorialis, Petrochelidon ... 36 aequinoctialis, Geothlypis 438 aequinoctialis, Motacilla 438 aequinoctialis, Trichas 439 aestiva, Dendroica 363 aestiva, Motacilla 363 aestivus, Rhimaphus 369 agilis, Geothlypis 420 agilis, Lanius 136 agilis, Muscicapa. 136 agilis, Oporornis 420 agilis, Phyllomanes 136 agilis, Sylvia 420 agilis, Thamnophilus 136 agilis, Vireo 143 agilis, Vireosylvia 138 Agreocantor 362 Agrilorhinus 219 alarum, Compsothlypis 355 alarum, Parula 356 alascensis, Budytes 83 alascensis, Motacilla 83 Alauda 1 alba, Motacilla 82 albatus, Vireo 125 albicollis, Dendroica 370 albicollis, Motacilla 370 albifrons, Conirostrum 327 albifrons, Hirundo 30 albifrons, Myioborus 470 albifrons, Setophaga 470 albigula, Certhiola 305 albigula, Hylophilus 173 albigula, Pachysylvia 173 albilatera, Diglossa 234 albilateralis, Diglossa 234 albilinea, Diglossa 227 albilinea, Hirundo 69 albilinea, Iridoprpcne ...... 69 albilinea, Petrochelidon 69 albilinea, Tachycineta 69 albilineata, Iridoprocne 70 albilora, Dendroica 399 albiventer, Hirundo 71 albiventer, Iridoprocne 71 albiventris, Dacnis 283 albiventris, Diva 283 albiventris, Cyclorhis 203 albiventris, Hemidacnis 283 albiventris, Hirundo 14 albiventris, Petrochelidon 71 albiventris, Pipraeidea 283 albiventris, Tachycineta 71 alleni, Coereba 288 alleni, Vireo 115 Alopochelidon 48 alpestris, Alauda 3 alpestris, Chionophilos 3 alpestris, Otocorys 3 alsiosa, Dendroica 376 alticola, Lanivireo 128 alticola, Vireo. 128 altiloqua, Muscicapa 146 altiloqua, Vireosylvia 147 altiloquus, Vireo 146 altirostris, Cyclorhis 205 amaurocephala, Pachysylvia 160 amaurocephala, Sylvia 159 amaurocephalus, Hylophilus. . . 159 amauronota, Vireosylva 153 amauronotus, Vireo 152 amazonum, Ateleodacnis 316 americana, Ampelis 104 americana, Compsothlypis 348 americanus, Lanius 211 americanus, Parus 348 amicta, Cardellina 455 ammophila, Otocoris 8 ammophilus, Chionophilos .... 8 amnicola, Dendroica 365 analis, Dacnis 315 Ancylorhinus 219 andecola, Atticora 37 andecola, Haplochelidon 37 andecola, Hirundo 37 andecola, Orochelidon 37 andecola, Petrochelidon 36 angelica, Dacnis 275 annexa, Phaeothlypis 523 annexus, Basileuterus 523 antarcticus, Anthus 98 527 528 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII anthoides, Sylvia 417 anthonyi, Lanius 217 Anthus 83 aphractus, Stelgidopteryx 47 aphrasta, Otocoris 9 aphrastus, Chionophilos 9 approximate, Vireo 115 aquaticus, Turdus 417 araguayae, Pachysylvia 166 arcangelica, Dacnis 276 arcticola, Chionophilos 2 arcticola, Otocoris 2 ardosiaceus, Lanius 213 arenicola, Otocorys 4 arguta, Chlorophanes 248 arizela, Geothlypis 429 arizonae, Peucedramus 359 arizonae, Vireo 124 armillata, Certhia 253 armouri, Dendroica 378 arvensis, Alauda 1 assimilis, Geothlypis 437 Ateleodacnis 314 aterrima, Coereba 302 aterrima, Diglossa 230 aterrimum, Dicaeum 302 atlantica, Coereba 307 atrata, Certhiola 303 atrata, Coereba 303 atricapilla, Abrornis 452 atricapilla, Chlorophanes 243 atricapilla, Coereba 243 atricapilla, Dendroica 404 atricapillus, Vireo Ill atripennis, Vireosylvia 146 atrirostris, Cyclarhis 210 atrocyaneum, Conirostrum. . . . 328 Atticora 60 auduboni, Dendroica 390 auduboni, Sylvia 390 aurantia, Motacilla 397 aurantiaca, Setophaga 462 aurantiacus, Myioborus 462 aurantiacus, Peucedramus 361 aurantiifrons, Hylophilus 170 aurantiifrons, Pachysylvia 170 aureinucha, Dacnis 251 aureinucha, Iridophanes 251 aureola, Dendroica 384 aureola, Sylvicola 384 auricapilla, Dendroica 368 auricapilla, Setophaga 498 auricapillus, Basileuterus 498 auricollis, Icteria 447 auricollis, Motacilla 333 auricularis, Basileuterus 493 auricularis, Geothlypis 440 aurocapilla, Motacilla 414 aurocapillus, Seiurus 414 autumnalis, Sylvia 403 axillaris, Chlorophanes 242 azurea, Sylvia 395 Azuria 362 babad, Dendroica 375 bachmanii, Helminthophila 338 bachmanii, Sylvia 338 bachmanii, Vermivora 338 baezae, Basileuterus 494 bahamensis, Certhiola 311 bahamensis, Coereba 311 bahamensis, Dendroica 408 bairdi, Geothlypis 441 bairdi, Lanius 217 bairdi, Myioborus 469 bairdi, Setophaga 469 bairdi, Vireo 112 bananivora, Certhiola 310 bananivora, Coereba 310 bananivora, Motacilla 310 barbadense, Vireosylvia 148 barbadensis, Certhiola 304 barbadensis, Coereba 304 barbadensis, Dendroeca 377 barbadensis, Vireo 148 barbatula, Vireosylvia 149 barbatulus, Phyllomanes 149 barbatulus, Vireo 149 baritula, Diglossa 219 bartholemica, Certhia 306 bartholemica, Certhiola 306 bartholemica, Coereba 306 bartholemica, Dendroeca 372 bartholemica, Dendroica 373 bartramii, Vireo 136 Basileuterus 476 basilicus, Basileuterus 490 basilicus, Hemispingus 490 beldingi, Geothlypis 432 bella, Cardellina 456 belli, Basileuterus 507 belli, Muscicapa 507 bellii, Vireo 123 bensoni, Basileuterus 506 berlepschi, Dacnis 282 bermudianus, Vireo . 113 bessereri, Basileuterus 496 bicolor, Ateleodacnis 318 bicolor, Conirostrum 324 bicolor, Dacnis 319 bicolor, Hirundo 68 bicolor, Iridoprocne 68 bicolor, Mniotilta 319 bicolor, Nectarinia 267 bicolor, Sylvia 318 bicolor, Tachycineta 68 bifasciata, Sylvia 395 binghami, Oreomanes 330 bishopi, Catharopeza 414 bishopi, Leucopeza 414 bivittata, Muscicapara 487 bivittatus, Basileuterus 487 bivittatus, Muscicapa 487 INDEX 529 bivittatus, Trichas 487 blackburniae, Dendrpica 397 blackburniae, Motacilla 397 blanda, Helmitheros 423 bogotensis, Anthus 101 bogotensis, Vireo 131 bolivianus, Basileuterus 521 bolivianos, Myioborus 467 bolivianus, Smaragdolanius. ... 192 bolivianus, Vireolanius 192 Bombycilla 103 Bombyciphora 104 Bombycivpra 103 bonapartei, Agrilorhinus 225 bonapartii, Muscicapa 454 bonariensis, Alauda 87 borealis, Lanius 211 borealis, Mniotilta 332 boucardi, Granatellus 449 brachidactyla, Geothlypis 426 brachidactylus, Trichas 426 brachyptera, Tachycineta 79 brasherii, Basileuterus 505 brasierii, Muscicapa 505 brasiliana, Sylvia 357 brasilianus, Anthus 101 brasiliensis, Certhiola 285 brelayi, Uncirostrum 219 brevipennis, Helinai 183 brevipennis, Neochloe 157 brevipes, Arbelorhina 254 brevirostris, Anthus 88 brevirostris, Arbelorhina 266 breviunguis, Alauda 404 breviunguis, Anthus 404 breviunguis, Dendroica 403 brewsteri, Dendroica 365 brewsteri, Vireo 152 brewsteri, Vireosylva 152 browni, Vermivora 344 brunneiceps, Hylophilus 168 brunneiceps, Pachysylvia 169 brunneiceps, Setophaga 471 brunneiventris, Diglossa 231 brunniceps, Myioborus 471 brunniceps, Setophaga 471 bryanti, Dendroica 379 bulunensis, Hylophilus 179 bulunensis, Pachysylvia 179 cabanisi, Basileuterus 502 caboti, Certhiola 314 caboti, Coereba 314 cacabatus, Stelgidopteryx 40 caerulea, Arbelorhina 260 caerulea, Certhia 260 caerulea, Cpereba 260 caerulea, Hirundo 11 caeruleifrons, Conirostrum 328 Caeruleocantor 362 caerulescens, Chlorophanes 245 caeru lescens, Dendroica 387 caerulescens, Diglossa 238 caerulescens, Diglossopis 239 caerulescens, Motacilla 387 caerulescens, Sylvia 319 caeruleus, Cyanerpes 260 cairnsi, Dendroica 388 calcaratus, Anthus 93 calidris, Vireo , . 147 calidris, Vireosylva 147 calif ornicus, Vireo 123 callaina, Dacnis 274 Callichelidon 80 campestris, Euneornis 331 campestris, Glossoptila 331 campestris, Motacilla 331 Campylops 218 canadensis, Motacilla 388 canadensis, Muscicapa 454 canadensis, Myiodioctes 454 canadensis, Sylvania 455 canadensis, Wilsonia 454 canescens, Vireo 150 canescens, Vireosylvia 150 canicapilla, Geothlypis 436 canicapilla, Tanagra 439 caninucha, Chamaethlypis 444 caninucha, Geothlypis 444 canipileus, Chlorospingus 484 cantatrix, Muscicapa 112 canticus, Gyclarhis 198 capitalis, Dendroeca 376 carbonaria, Diglossa 233 carbonarium, Serrirostrum 233 carbonata, Dendroica 386 carbonata, Sylvia 386 Cardellina 455 carmioli, Vireo 121 carneipes, Coereba 256 carneipes, Cyanerpes 256 carolinensis, Bombycilla 104 carolinensis, Lanius 213 carolinensis, Sylvia 363 cassinii, Lanivireo 129 cassinii, Vireo 129 castanea, Dendroica 403 castanea, Setophaga 460 castanea, Sylvia 403 castaneiceps, Basileuterus 517 castaneiceps, Dendroica 380 castaneocapilla, Setophaga 472 castaneocapillus, Myioborus. . . 472 catamarcae, Anthus 94 Catharopeza 414 caucae, Coereba 299 caucae, Vireo 1 caucae, Vireosylvia 139 caudatus, Basileuterus 510 caudatus, Idiotes 510 caudatus, Ptilogonys 106 cavicola, Petrochelidon 35 cayana, Dacnis 267 cayana, Motacilla 267 530 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII cayanensis, Cassicus 267 cayennensis, Coereba 289 caymanensis, Vireo 145 caymanensis, Vireosylva 145 cearensis, Cyclarhis 202 cearensis, Pachysylvia 160 cedrorum, Ampehs 104 cedroruni, Bombycilla 104 celata, Vermivora 340 celatus, Sylvia 340 cerinoclunis, Coereba 295 Certhiola 284 cerulea, Dendroica 395 cerulea, Sylvia 395 cervina, Motacilla 86 cervinus, Anthus 86 Cetophaga 457 chalybea, Hirundo 16 chalybea, Progne 16 Chamaethlypis 443 chapalensis, Geothlypis 433 chapmani, Basileuterus 518 Chelidon 65 Chelidonaria 67 chemungensis, Collyrio 211 cherriei, Cyanerpes 261 chii, Anthus 90 childrenii, Sylvia 363 chilensis, Anthus 94 chilensis, Corydalla 94 Ghionophilos 2 chiriquensis, Geothlypis 440 chiriquensis, Vireo 153 chiriquensis, Vireosylva 153 chitrensis, Basileuterus 491 chivi, Phyllomanes 137 chivi, Sylvia 136 chivi, Vireo 136 chivi, Vireosylvia 136 chlorogaster, Vireolanius 190 chloroleuca, Motacilla 370 Chlorophanes 242 chlorophrys, Basileuterus 489 chloropyga, Coereba 284 chocoanus, Cyanerpes 264 chryseola, Geothlypis 430 chryseola, Wilsonia 454 chryseolus, Rhimamphus 363 Chrysocantor 362 chrysocephala, Motacilla 397 chrysogaster, Basileuterus 488 chrysogaster, Setophaga 488 chrysolaema, Alauda 10 chrysolaema, Chionophilos . ... 10 chrysolaema, Otocorys 10 chrysoleuca, Dendroica 407 chrysoparia, Dendroica 394 chrysophrys, Basileuterus 507 chrysops, Myioborus 467 chrysops, Setophaga 467 chrysoptera, Helminthophaga 337 chrysoptera, Helminthophila 337 chrysoptera, Motacilla 337 chrysoptera, Vermivora 337 chrysorrhoea, Hypothymis 106 cincinnatiensis, Helminthophaga. . 336 cincinnatiensis, Vermivora 336 cincta, Motacilla 389 cinerea, Clivicola 64 cinerea, Hirundo 62 cinerea, Vireosylvia 145 cinereiceps, Hylophilus 183 cinereicollis, Basileuterus 513 cinereum, Conirostrum 326 cinereus, Ptilogonys 105 cinereus, Vireo 145 Cinerosa 419 cinnamocephala, Serpophaga 159 citrea, Mniotilta 333 citrea, Motacilla 333 citrea, Protonotaria 333 citreus, Turdus 414 citrina, Muscicapa 451 citrina, Wilsonia 451 citrinella, Sylvia 363 clarus, Basileuterus 507 Clivicola 63 clusiae, Certhiola 310 cobanensis, Vireosylvia 151 Coereba 284 coerebicolor, Dacnis 272 cognatus, Vireo 120 coibae, Cyclarhis 197 collinsi, Dendroica 409 colombianus, Seiurus 416 columbiana, Certhiola 294 columbiana, Coereba 294 Compsothlypis 347 concolor, Progne 25 Conirostrum 321 connectens, Myioborus 461 conspicillatus, Basileuterus. . . . 514 contrerasi, Cyclarhis 209 cornuta, Alauda 3 coronata, Dendroica 388 coronata, Hirundo 34 coronata, Motacilla 388 coronata, Petrochelidon 34 coronatus, Basileuterus 516 coronatus, Myiodioctes 516 coronatus, Turdus 414 correndera, Anthus 96 coryi, Geothlypis 435 costaricensis, Vireosylva 153 Cotile 63 crassirostris, Lanivireo 114 crassirostris, Vireo 114 crawfprdi, Dendroica 410 crissalis, Helminthophila 344 crissalis, Vermivora 344 cristatella, Gracula 218 cristatellus, Acridotheres 218 cruciana, Dendroica 371 cryptoleuca, Progne 13 INDEX 531 cryptorhis, Diglossa 237 cubana, Dendroeca 369 cucullata, Geothlypis 437 cucullata, Muscicapa 451 culicivora, Sylvia 504 culicivorus, Basileuterus 504 cyanater, Dacnis 267 cyanea, Arbelorhina 253 cyanea, Certhia 252 cyanea, Coereba 253 cyanea, Diglossa 240 cyaneoyiridis, Callichelidon .... 80 cyaneoviridis, Hirundo 80 cyaneoviridis, Tachycineta 80 Cyanerpes 252 cyaneum, Conirostrum 323 cyaneus, Cyanerpes , . . 252 cyanocephala, Dacnis 270 cyanocephala, Motacilla 267 cyanochrous, Ateleodacnis 318 Cyanodacnis 267 Cyanodiglossa 219 cyanoleuca, Atticora 53 cyanoleuca, Hirundo 52 cyanoleuca, Petrochelidon 54 cyanoleuca, Pygochelidon 52 cyanoleucus, Diplochelidon 55 cyanomelas, Dacnis 269 cyanomelas, Fringilla 267 cyanonotum, Conirostrum 327 cyanophaea, Atticora 62 cyanophaea, Orochelidon 63 Cyclarhis 193 dabbenei, Anthus 100 dabbenei, Cyclarhis 207 Dacnis 267 daedalus, Basileuterus 492 darienensis, Hylophilus 185 darienensis, Pachysylvia 185 decolor, Stelgidopteryx 44 decora, Dendroica 400 decora ta, Diglossa 223 decurtata, Pachysylvia 184 decurtata, Sylvicola 183 decurtatus, Hylophilus 183 delafieldii, Sylvia 438 delattrii, Basileuterus 511 delicata, Dendroica 401 Delichon 67 Dendroeca 362 Dendroica 362 derhamii, Muscicapa 460 diachlorus, Basileuterus 489 diaphora, Otocoris 10 diaphorus, Chionophilos 10 Diglossa 218 Diglossopis 219 Diplochelidon 60 discolor, Dendroica 408 discolor, Sylvia 408 domestica, Hirundo 19 domestica, Progne 19 dominicensis, Hirundo 14 dominicensis, Progne 14 dominica, Dendroica 398 dominica, Motacilla 398 dominica, Tanagra 110 dominicana, Certhiola 306 dominicana, Cpereba 307 dominicana, Vireosylvia 148 dominions, Dulus 110 d'orbignyi, Diglossa 222 d'Orbignyi, Uncirostrum 223 dugesi, Basileuterus 509 dugesi, Dendroica 367 dugesi, Idiotes 509 duidae, Diglossa 236 duidae, Myioborus 472 Dulus 110 dumicola, Icteria 446 dwighti, Chionophilos 9 egregia, Dacnis 277 elatus, Basileuterus 515 elegans, Compsothlypis 353 elegans, Lanius 217 elegans, Progne 21 enertera, Otocoris 7 enerterus, Chionophilos 7 Enicocichla 414 enthymia, Otocoris 2 enthymius, Chionophilos 2 eoa, Dendroica 368 eoa, Sylvicola 368 eques, Motacilla 349 Ergaticus 474 erithachorides, Chrysocantor 383 erithachorides, Dendroica 382 erithacorides, Dendroica 383 erythrogaster, Hirundo 65 erythrogastra, Hirundo 66 erythropus, Sylvia 315 Erythrosoma 457 euchrysea, Hirundo 81 euchrysea, Lamprochelidon . ... 81 euchrysea, Petrochelidon 81 euchrysea, Tachycineta 81 Eudacnis 267 Euneornis 331 euophrys, Basileuterus 478 europaea, Riparia 64 Euthlypis 473 excubitorides, Lanius 214 exigua, Geothlypis 434 eximia, Arbelorhina 255 eximia, Coereba 255 eximius, Basileuterus 506 eximius, Cyanerpes 255 eximius, Smaragdolanius 190 eximius, Vireolanius 190 Exochocichla 414 exsul, Chlorophanes 247 532 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII f ascia ta, Atticora 60 f asciata, Hirundo 60 federalis, Diglossa 234 fernandinae, Anabates 423 fernandinae, Teretistris 423 ferrugineifrons, Hylophilus. ... 179 ferrugineif rons, Pachysylvia 180 ferrugineiventre, Conirostrum. 324 ferryi, Coereba 300 finschi, Certhiola 305 flammea, Setophaga 460 flammens, Myioborus 461 flava, Sylvia 363 flaveola, Certhiola 311 flaveola, Coereba 311 flaveola, Setophaga 466 flaveolus, Basileuterus 483 flaveolus, Myiothlypis 483 fiavescens, Basileuterus 505 flavescens, Dendroica 399 flavescens, Vireo 115 flavicauda, Motacilla 457 flaviceps, Dendroica 371 flaviceps, Geothlypis 433 flavicollis, Motacilla 398 flavida, Dendroica 378 flavida, Geothlypis 434 flavifrons, Lanivireo 126 flavifrons, Motacilla 337 flavifrons, Vireo 126 flavifrons, Vireosylvia 126 flavigaster, Basileuterus 510 flavigastra, Cotyle 38 flavigastra, Hirundo 38 flavipectus, Cyclarhis 198 flavipes, Hylophilus 175 flavipes, Pachysylvia 175 flavipes, Pygochelidon 53 flaviventer, Dacnis 279 flaviventer, Hirundo 38 flaviventris, Basileuterus 510 flaviventris, Gyclarhis 194 flaviventris, Hylophilus 164 flaviventris, Pachysylvia 165 flavivertex, Dendroica 371 flavivertex, Myioborus 471 flavivertex, Setophaga 471 flavopygia, Sylvia 389 flavovelata, Geothlypis 433 flavovirens, Basileuterus 482 flavoviridis, Phyllomanes 134 flavoviridis, Vireo 132 flavoviridis, Vireosylvia 132 florida, Dendroica 406 florida, Pinacantor 406 floridana, Progne 11 fluviatilis, Cotyle 64 formosa, Geothlypis 420 formosa, Sylvia 419 formosus, Oporornis 419 fornsi, Teretistris 424 forreri, Vireo 134 forreri, Vireosylva 134 francescae, Granatellus 448 fraseri, Basileuterus , 518 f raseri, Conirostrum 325 fraseri, Oreomanes 330 f renata, Vireosylvia 146 frontalis, Certhiola 307 Fruticantor 363 Frutiornis 419 f ucata, Alppochelidon 48 fucata, Atticora 48 fucata, Cotyle 48 fucata, Hirundo 48 f uliginata, Dacnis 281 fulva, Hirundo 33 f ulva, Petrochelidon 33 fulvicapilla, Vermivora 335 fulvicauda, Basileuterus 522 fulvicauda, Muscicapa 522 fulvicauda, Phaeothlypis 522 fulvigula, Stelgidopteryx 43 fulvipennis, Cotyle 45 fulvipennis, Stelgidopteryx 45 fumaria, Hirundo 66 furcata, Hirundo 22 furcata, Progne 22 furcatus, Anthus 87 furvior, Seiurus 415 fusca, Cotyle 27 fusca, Dendroica 396 fusca, Hirundo 27 fusca, Phaeoprogne 27 fusca, Progne 27 fuscicapilla, Pachysylvia 172 fuscicapillus, Hylophilus 172 fuscocollaris, Riparia 64 gaffneyi, Basileuterus 526 galeatus, Lepturus 107 gallapagensis, Dendroeca 384 gambeli, Lanius 216 Geothlypis 426 gigas, Cyanerpes 259 gilva, Muscicapa 151 gilva, Vireosylvia 151 gilvus, Vireo 151 giraudi, Ch ionophilos 5 giraudi, Otocoris 5 giraudi, Otocorys 5 glauca, Diglossa 237 glaucogularis, Dacnis 271 gloriosa, Diglossa 228 gloriosissima, Diglossa 226 Glossiptila 331 godmani, Basileuterus 503 godmani, Certhiola 293 goldmani, Dendroica 391 goldmani, Geothlypis 432 goldmani, Vireolanius 187 gorgonae, Coereba 298 gossii, Seiurus 417 gouldii, Hirundo 74 INDEX 533 graciae, Dendroica 400 graciliros tris, Vireo 144 Granatellus 448 grandior, Vireo 150 grandior, Vireosylvia 150 grayi, Anthus 96 graysoni, Compsothlypis 350 grinnelli, Lanius 215 grisea, Tanagra 112 griseiceps, Basileuterus 484 griseiceps, Hylophilus 166 griseif rons, Hylophilus 168 griseifrons, Pachysylvia 168 griseipes, Hylophilus 176 griseipes, Pachysylvia 176 griseiventris, Hylophilus 162 griseiventris, Neochelidon 51 griseiventris, Pachysylvia 162 griseobarbata, Vireosylvia 140 griseobarbatus, Vireo 140 griseola, Vireosylva 142 griseolus, Vireo 142 griseonuchus, Myioborus 468 griseus, Vireo 112 guadeloupensis, Dendroica 413 guatemalae, Setophaga 459 guatemalensis, Chlorophanes . . 249 guatimalensis, Chlorophanes 248 guayrae, Basileuterus 521 guianensis, Coereba 289 guianensis, Cyclorhis 200 guianensis, Tanagra 200 gujanensis, Cyclarhis 200 gujanensis, Tanagra 200 gujanensis, Turdus. 110 gundlachi, Dendroica 369 gundlachii, Vireo 116 gutturalis, Compsothlypis 345 gutturalis, Heminthophila 343 gutturalis, Oreothlypis 345 gutturalis, Parula 345 gutturalis, Vermivora 345 guyanensis, Cyclaris 204 guyanensis, Laniagra 203 halseii, Sylvia 392 Haplochelidon 29 Helinaia 335 hellmayri, Anthus 99 hellmayri, Coereba 293 Helminthophila 337 Helminthotherus 335 Helmitheros 335 Helmitherus 335 Helonaea 335 Hemidacnis 283 hemipyga, Atticora 56 Henicocichla 414 hesperia, Progne 13 Hirundo 65 hooveri, Dendroica 389 horreorum, Hirundo 66 hortensis, Hirundo 38 hoy ti, Chion ophi los 3 hoyti, Otocoris 3 hudsonica, Motacilla 84 humeralis, Agrilorhinus 230 humeralis, Diglossa 229 huttoni, Vireo 119 huttoni, Vireosylvia 121 Hylophilus 157 hypery thra, Diglossa 222 hypochrysea, Dendroica 412 hypochryseus, Vireo 122 hypogoeus, Anthus 85 hypoleucus, Basileuterus 497 hypopolia, Petrochelidon 30 hypoxantha, Pachysylvia 172 hypoxanthus, Hylophilus 172 Icteria 446 icterocephala, Motacilla 402 icterophrys, Vireolanius 190 icterotis, Geothlypis 445 Idiotes 476 ignota, Dendroeca 411 ignota, Geothlypis 428 ignotus, Basileuterus 505 immaculata, Phaeoprogne 25 immaculatus, Anthus 102 incae, Diglossa 238 incana, Motacilla 397 incompta, Geothlypis 435 indignus, Basileuterus 502 indigotica, Diglossa 237 inedita, Dendroica 367 inornata, Compsothlypis 351 inornata, Pachysylvia 169 inornata, Sylvicola 337 inornatus, Hylophilus 169 insperata, Geothlypis 430 insulanus, Vireo 135 insulanus, Vireosylva 135 insularis, Chionophilos 6 insularis, Compsothlypis 350 insularis, Cyclarhis 195 insularis, Hylophilus 176 insularis, Otocoris 6 insularis, Pachysylvia 177 insularis, Vireo 119 intermedia, Certhiola 296 intermedia, Coereba 296 intermedia, Diglossa 230 intermedia, Setophaga 460 intermedium, Conirostrum. . . . 322 intermedius, Myioborus 460 invictus, Lanius 212 Iridophanes 250 Iridoprocne 68 isthmicus, Cyanerpes 264 jaczewskii, Cyclarhis 207 jaliscensis, Peucedramus 361 jamaicensis, Dendroeca 368 534 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII japonicus, An thus 84 josephae, Vireo 156 josephae, Vireosylva 156 jouyi, Basileuterus 509 jouyi, Idiotes 509 jugularis, Hirundo 38 kirtlandii, Dendroica 407 kirtlandii, Sylvicola 407 lachrymosa, Basileuterus 473 lachrymosa, Euthlypis 473 laetissima, Vireosylva 156 laetissimus, Vireo 156 lafresnayii, Diglossa 225 La Fresnayii, Uncirostrum 225 Laletes 157 Lamprochelidon 81 Laniagra 194 Lanius 211 Lanivireo Ill larvata, Muscicapa 459 latimeri, Vireo 125 laurae, Coereba 302 laurae, Vireo 148 lawrenceii, Helminthophaga 336 lawrenceii, Helminthophila 336 lawrenceii, Vermivora 336 Lawrencia 186 lepida, Phainopepla 108 lepida, Tachycineta 79 leucansiptila, Otocoris 9 leucansiptilus, Chionophilos. . . 9 leucoblephara, Sylvia 485 leucoblephara, Trichas 485 leucoblepharides, Basileuterus 486 leucoblepharus, Basileuterus. . 485 leucobronchialis, Helminthophaga . 336 leucobronchialis, Helminthophila. . 336 leucobronchialis, Vermivora. . . 336 leucogaster, Hirundo 68 leucogaster, Progne 18 leucogastra, Pachysylvia 170 leucogastra, Sylvia 342 leucogenys, Ateleodacnis 317 leucogenys, Dacnis 317 leucolaema, Chionophilos 4 leucolaema, Eremophila 4 leucolaema, Otocoris 4 leucomphomma, Setophaga 466 leucomus, Muscicapa 458 Leucopeza 424 leucophomma, Setophaga 466 leucophrys, Basileuterus 484 leucophrys, Hylophilus 155 leucophrys, Vireo 155 leucophrys, Vireosylva 155 leucoptera, Cotyle 71 leucoptera, Hirundo 71 leucopyga, Hirundo 76 leucopyga, Iridoprocne 76 leucopygia, Basileuterus 525 leucopygia, Phaeothlypis 526 leucopygius, Cypselus 77 leucorrhoa, Hirundo 73 leucorrhoa, Iridoprpcne 73 leucorrhoa, Petrochelidon 74 leucorrhoa, Tachycineta 74 leucotis, Malaconotus 190 leucotis, Parus 475 leucotis, Smaragdolanius 190 leucotis, Vireolanius 190 Lherminieri, An thus 417 Limnothlypis 334 lineata, Dacnis 275 lineata, Motacilla 275 Lineocantor 362 littorale, Conirostrum 325 littorea, Petrochelidon 69 longicauda, Icteria 447 longicaudata, Icteria 447 longirostris, Arbelorhina 259 longirostris, Coereba 259 longirostris, Cyanerpes 259 longirostris, Mniotilta 332 longirostris, Vireo 146 lowii, Coereba 301 lucasanus, Lanivireo 129 lucasanus, Vireo 129 luciae, Helminthophaga 344 luciae, Helminthophila 344 luciae, Vermivora 344 lucida, Arbelorhina 265 lucida, Coereba 265 lucid us, Cyanerpes 265 ludoviciana, Alauda 84 ludoviciana, Hirundo 11 ludoviciana, Motacilla 349 ludovicianus, Lanius 212 ludovicianus, Turdus 416 lugens, Conirostrum 329 lugens, Motacilla 83 lunifrons, Hirundo 30 lunifrons, Petrochelidon 30 luteifrons, Hylophilus 181 luteifrons, Pachysylvia 181 lutens, Ampelis 446 luteola, Certhiola 291 luteola, Coereba 291 luteoyiridis, Basileuterus 479 luteoviridis, Myiothlypis 479 luteoviridis, Trichas 479 lutescens, Anthus 89 lutescens, Helminthophaga 341 lutescens, Helminthophila 341 lutescens, Hylophilus 182 lutescens, Pachysylvia 182 lutescens, Vermivora 341 macgillivrayi, Geothlypis 422 macgillivrayi, Sylvia 422 macropos, Sylvia 387 maculata, Certhia 332 Maculocantor. . .... 362 INDEX 535 maculosa, Dendroica 385 magister, Vireo 145 magister, Vireosylvia 145 magnirostris, Certhiola 297 magnirostris, Coereba 297 magnolia, Dendroica 385 magnolia, Sylvia 385 mailliardorum, Vireo 119 major, Certhiola 293 major, Coereba 293 major, Diglossa 236 major, Henicocichla 416 majuscula, Certhiola 285 majuscula, Coereba 286 mancipium, Tanagra 110 margaritae, Ateleodacnis 321 marginata, Arbelorhina 257 marilandica, Sylvia 427 maritima, Sylvia 386 martinicana, Certhiola 305 martinicana, Coereba 305 martinicensis, Certhiola 305 maximiliani, Clivicola 64 maynardi, Geothlypis 434 maynardi, Vireo 113 mearnsi, Lanius 217 medius, Vireo 124 melampyga, Hirundo 53 melanocephala, Setophaga 468 melanocephalus, Myioborus. . . 468 Melanodiglossa 219 melanogaster, Hirundo 32 melanogaster, Petrochelidon ... 32 melanogenys, Basileuterus 506 melanogenys, Cornpsothlypis . . 356 melanoleuca, Atticora 61 melanoleuca, Hirundo 61 melanoleucus, Diplochelidon 61 melanopis, Diglossa 241 melanops, Chlorophanes 244 melanops, Geothlypis 431 melanoptera, Dendroica 373 melanopyga, Hirundo 53 melanorhoa, Sylvia 397 melanotis, Basileuterus 491 melanotis, Dacnis 276 melanoxantha, Phainoptila. . . 109 melitpphrys, Vireolanius 186 melodia, Muscicapa 151 memorabilis, Dendroica 390 mercedes, Dendroica 363 meridanus, Basileuterus 495 meridionalis, Basileuterus 477 meridionalis, Myiodioctes 477 merrilli, Chionophilos 6 merrilli, Otocoris 6 mesochrysus, Basileuterus 512 mesoleucus, Basileuterus 519 mesoleucus, Cyclarhis 196 mexicana, Certhiola 295 mexicana, Coereba 299 mexicana, Cornpsothlypis 346 mexicana, Parula 346 mexicana, Vermivora 345 mexicanus, Hypothymis 106 mexicanus, Lanius 214 mexicanus, Vireo 121 meyeni, Hirundo 77 meyeni, Iridoprocne 77 meyeni, Petrochelidon 76 meyeni, Tachycineta 77 micans, Turdus 243 microcephala, Sylvania 451 microcephala, Wilsonia 451 Microligea , . 424 microrhyncha, Abelorhina 263 microrhyncha, Coereba 262 microrhyncha, Geothlypis 443 microrhynchos, Chelidon 64 microrhynchus, Cyanerpes 262 micrus, Peucedramus 362 micrus, Vireo 114 migrans, Lanius 213 migratorius, Helmitheros 335 mikettae, Smaragdolanius 193 mikettae, Vireolanius 193 mindoensis, Cyclarhis 211 miniata, Setophaga 459 miniata, Sylvia 475 miniatus, Myioborus 459 minima, Certhiola 289 minima, Coereba 288 minimus, Neochelidon 51 minor, Ateleodacnis 320 minor, Certhiola 311 minor, Hylophilus 185 minor, Pachysylvia 185 minor, Phainoptila 109 minuta, Hirundo 53 minuta, Sylvia 408 minuta, Sylvicola 357 mirandae, Vireo 154 mirandae, Vireosylva 154 missuriensis, Sylvia 339 mitrata, Motacilla 451 mitrata, Nectarinia 243 mitrata, Wilsonia 452 mitratus, Myiodioctes 451 Mniotilta 331 modesta, Dacnis 276 modesta, Geothlypis 431 modesta, Hirundo 24 modesta, Progne 24 modestus, Vireo 117 molybdophanes, Ptilogonys 106 montana, Atticora 55 montana, Coereba 293 montana, Diglossa 220 montana, Microligea 425 montana, Sylvia 393 montanus, Vireo 130 morcomi, Dendroica 363 morrisi, Coereba 303 Motacilla.. 82 536 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII motacilla, Seiurus 416 motacilla, Turdus 416 multicolor, Motacilla 457 murina, Atticora 63 murina, Orochelidon 62 murina, Petrochelidon 62 murphyi, Progne 23 muscicapina, Pachysylvia 167 muscicapinus, Hylophilus 167 musicus, Vireo 112 mutabilis, Smaragdolanius. . . . 189 mutabilis, Vireolanius 189 Myioborus 459 Myioctonus 451 Myiodioctes 451 Myiothlypis 476 mystacalis, Diglossa 228 mystacalis, Phyllomanes 146 mystacalis, Vireosylvia 146 mystaceus, Regulus 427 naevius, Siurus 417 nana, Compsothlypis 352 nana, Lawrencia 186 nanus, Empidonax 186 nan us, Vireo 123 napaea, Dacnis 273 nashvillei, Sylvia 342 nattereri, Anthus 98 nattered, Xanthocorys 99 nectarea, Coereba 310 nelsoni, Dendroica 410 nelsoni, Geothlypis 442 nelsoni, Hylophilus 178 nelsoni, Lanius. . . . : 216 nelsoni, Pachysylvia 178 Neochelidon 50 Neochloe 157 Neocorys 83 Neodendroica 362 nevadensis, Lanius 216 newtoni, Certhiola 307 newtoni, Coereba 307 nicaraguae, Cyclarhis 196 nigrescens, Dendroica 392 nigrescens, Sylvia 392 nigrifrons, Dendroica 391 nigrilora, Compsothlypis 349 nigripes, Dacnis 280 nigrirostris, Cyclarhis 210 nigri vertex, Basileuterus 478 nigro-cincta, Setophaga 454 nigrocristata, Myiothlypis 477 nigro-cristatus, Basileuterus. . . 476 nigro-cristatus, Trichas 476 nitens, Cichlopsis 107 nitens, Phainopepla 107 nitens, Ptilogonys 107 nitida, Arbelorhina 266 nitida, Caereba 266 nitidior, Basileuterus 497 nitidus, Cyanerpes 265 niveiventris, Dendroeca 395 nocticolor, Diglossa 229 notabilis, Seiurus 418 Notiochelidon 59 Notiocorys 84 notius, Basileuterus 516 notius, Vireo 130 noveboracensis, Motacilla 417 noveboracensis, Muscicapa 112 noveboracensis, Seiurus 416 noveboracensis, Vireo 112 nuchalis, Dulus 110 oaxacae, Chionophilos 10 oaxacae, Eremophila 10 oaxacae, Otocpris 10 oberholseri, Vireo 119 oblita, Coereba 313 obscura, Coereba 293 obscura, Dendroica 378 obscura, Helminthophila 340 obscura, Siphia 521 obscurus, Vireo 119 occiden tails, Chionophilos 8 occidentalis, Dendroica 395 occidentals, Geothlypis 428 occidentalis, Otocoris 8 occidentalis, Sylvia 395 ochraceiceps, Hylophilus 177 ochraceiceps, Pachysylvia 178 ochraceicrista, Basileuterus. . . . 519 ochraceus, Vireo 118 ochrocephala, Cyclarhis 205 ochrochlora, Certhia 260 ocularis, Helminthophaga 342 ocularis, Motacilla 82 olivacea, Curruca 136 olivacea, Dendroeca 360 olivacea, Motacilla 130 olivacea, Pachysylvia 174 olivacea, Sylvia 360 olivacea, Sylvicola 360 olivacea, Vireosylvia 138 olivaceus, Agrilorhinus 220 olivaceus, Hylophilus 173 olivaceus, Peucedramus 360 olivaceus, Rhimamphus 360 olivaceus, Vireo 131 olivascens, Basileuterus 500 opifex, Hirundo 30 Oporornis 419 Oreomanes 330 Oreothlypis 337 orestera, Helminthophila 341 orestera, Vermivora 340 orestura, Vermivora 340 orientalis, Basileuterus 517 orientalis, Vireo 116 ornata, Setophaga 466 ornatus, Myioborus 466 Orochelidon 62 oroyae, Petrochelidon 37 INDEX 537 oshurni, Laletes 157 Otocsoris 2 bviedo, Dulus Ill Oxyglossus 331 Pachysylvia 158 pacifica, Coereba 298 pacifica, Compsothlypis 352 pacifica, Parula 353 pacificus, Cyanerpes 258 pallens, Vireo 118 pallescens, Hylophilus 174 pallida, Diglossa 240 pallida, Diglossopis 240 pallida, Otocoris 7 pallida, Pachysylvia 184 pallida, Petrochelidon 35 pallidiceps, Bombycilla 104 pallidifrons, Hylophilus 177 pallidipectus, Hylophilus 178 pallidipectus, Pachysylvia 178 pallidiventris, Myioborus 463 pallidiventris, Setophaga 463 pallidus, Hylophilus 184 palmarum, Certhiola 285 palmarum, Dendroica 411 palmarum, Dulus 110 palmarum, Motacilla 411 palmeri, Hirundo 66 palpebralis, Chamaethlypis . . . . 444 paludicpla, Dendroica 409 palustris, Ligea 424 palustris, Microligea 424 panamensis, Ateleodacnis 317 panamensis, Dendroeca 382 pannosa, Sylvicola 387 paraensis, Granatellus 450 paraguayensis, Dacnis 270 pardalina, Sylvia 454 parina, Xenodacnis 283 parus, Sylvia 397 parus, Sylvicola 397 parva, Diglossa 220 parva, Vermivora 347 parvus, Anthus 92 parvus, Cyclarhis 200 pascuum, Hirundo 25 patagonica, Atticora 57 patagonica, Hirundo 56 patagonica, Pygochelidon 56 pectoralis, Diglossa 227 pectoralis, Hylophilus 165 pectoralis, Pachysylvia 166 Pediocorys 84 pelzelni, Granatellus 450 pennsylvanica, Vermivora 335 pensilis, Motacilla 398 pensilvanica, Alauda 84 pensilvanicus, Anthus 85 pensylvanica, Dendroica 402 pensylvanica, Motacilla 402 peregrina, Helminthophaga 339 peregrina, Helminthophila 339 peregrina, Otocorys 11 peregrina, Sylvia 339 peregrina, Vermivora 339 peregrinus, Chionophilos 11 Perissoglossa 362 perquisitor, Vireo 114 personata, Diglossa 240 personatus, Agrilorhinus 240 personatus, Trichas 427 peruviana, Certhiola 286 peruviana, Dendroica 383 peruviana, Geothlypis 440 peruviana, Pygochelidon 58 peruvianus, Anthus 92 petasodes, Sylvia . 452 petechia, Dendroeca 384 petechia, Dendroica 376 petechia, Motacilla 376 Petrochelidon 29 Peucedramus 359 Phaeoprogne 25 Phaeothlypis 476 Phainopepla 107 Phainoptila 109 pharetra, Dendroica 413 pharetra, Sylvicola 413 Philadelphia, Geothlypis 421 Philadelphia, Oporornis 421 Philadelphia, Sylvia 421 philadelphica, Vireosylvia 150 philadelphicus, Vireo 150 Philammus 2 phillipsi, Anthus 96 Phyllomanes Ill Piceacantor 362 picta, Setophaga , 458 pileata, Atticora 59 pileata, Muscicapa 451 pileata, Notiochelidon 59 pileolata, Motacilla 453 pileolata, Wilsonia 453 Pinacantor 362 pinetorum, Ampelis 104 pinguis, Motacilla 389 pinus, Certhia 337 pinus, Dendroica 405 pinus, Helminthophaga 337 pinus, Helminthophila 338 pinus, Sylvia 405 pinus, Vermivora 337 pipiens, Anthus 84 pitiayuma, Compsothlypis 354 pitiayumi, Compsothlypis 357 pitiayumi, Parula 359 pitiayumi, Sylvia 357 pitiayumi, Sylvicola 359 pityophila, Dendroica 408 pityophila, Sylvicola 408 pityophilus, Rimamphus 408 plumbea, Dendroica 412 plumbea, Diglossa 221 538 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII plumbea, Sylvia 357 plumbea, Vireosylvia 128 plumbeus, Lanivireo 128 plumbeus, Vireo 128 poeciloma, Hirundo 33 poeciloma, Petrochelidon 34 poecilotis, Pachysylvia 158 poicilotis, Hylophilus 158 poicilotis, Sylvia 158 Polidacnis 267 poliocephala, Chamaethlypis . . 443 poliocephala, Cyclarhis 200 poliocephala, Geothlypis 443 poliothrix, Basileuterus 522 poliothrix, Phaeothlypis 522 polyglotta, Pipra 446 populorum, Sylvia 395 portoricensis, Certhiola 309 portoricensis, Coereba 309 prasina, Hirundo 68 pratensis, Alauda 85 pratensis, An thus 85 praticola, Chionophilos 4 praticola, Otocoris 4 praticola, Otocorys 4 Progne 11 propinqua, Vireosylvia 127 propinquus, Lanivireo 127 propinquus, Vireo 127 Protonotaria 333 protonotarius, Motacilla 333 psammochrous, Stelgidopteryx .... 47 Ptiliogonys 105 Ptilogonatus 105 Ptilogonys 105 pulchellus, Smaragdolanius. . . . 188 pulchellus, Vireolanius 188 pulcherrima, Dacnis 251 pulcherrima, Iridophanes 251 pulchra, Compsothlypis 350 punctipectus, Basileuterus 495 purpu rascens, Chlorophanes . . . 250 purpurea, Hirundo 11 purpurea, Progne 12 pusilla, Compsothlypis 347 pusilla, Muscicapa 452 pusilla, Sylvia 347 pusilla, Wilsonia 452 pusillus, Hylophilus 183 pusillus, Vireo 125 Pygochelidon 52 Pyrrhodiglossa 219 pyrrhonota, Cotyle 30 pyrrhonota, Hirundo 29 pyrrhonota, Petrochelidon 29 ralphi, Geothlypis 443 ramalinae, Compsothlypis 347 ramsdeni, Cyanerpes 257 rara, Dendroica 396 rara, Sylvia 395 rathbonia, Sylvia 363 regulus, Basileuterus 514 reinhardti, Anthus 85 republicana, Hirundo 30 restricts, Geothlypis 426 richardsoni, Basileuterus 480 ridgwayi, Chamaethlypis 445 ridgwayi, Stelgidopteryx 46 ridgwayi, Vermivora 343 Riparia 63 riparia, Clivicola 64 riparia, Cotile 64 riparia, Hirundo 63 riparia, Riparia 63 rivularis, Basileuterus 520 rivularis, Muscicapa 520 robustus, Collurio 217 robustus, Lanius 217 roraimae, Atticora 49 roraimae, Basileuterus 488 roraimae, Coereba 290 roraimae, Compsothlypis 355 roraimae, Vireo 143 roscoe, Sylvia 428 rostra ta, Geothlypis 433 rubens, Anthus 84 ruber, Ergaticus 475 rubescens, Alauda 84 rubescens, Anthus 84 rubeus, Chionophilos 7 rubeus, Otocorys 7 rubiginosa, Dendroica 365 rubiginosa, Motacilla 365 rubra, Alauda 84 rubra, Cardellina 475 rubra, Setophaga 475 rubricapilla, Sylvia 342 rubrifrons, Basileuterus 456 rubrifrons, Cardellina 455 rubrifrons, Hylpphilus 181 rubrifrons, Muscicapa 455 rubrifrons, Pachysylvia 182 rubrifrons, Setophaga 455 rufa, Hirundo 66 ruficapilla, Dendroica 374 ruficapilla, Helminthophaga 342 ruficapilla, Helminthophila 342 ruficapilla, Motacilla 375 ruficapilla, Setophaga 472 ruficapilla, Sylvia 342 ruficapilla, Vermivora 342 ruficeps, Rhimamphus 382 ruficollis, Cotyle 38 ruficollis, Glossiptila 331 ruficollis, Hirundo 3& ruficollis, Stelgidopteryx 38 ruficollis, Tanagra 331 ruficollis, Tanagrella 331 ruficoronata, Setophaga 470 ruficoronatus, Myioborus 470 rufifrons, Basileuterus 508 rufifrons, Idiotes 508 INDEX 539 rufifrons, Setophaga 508 rufigula, Dendroica 375 rufivertex, Dendroica 379 rufocinerea, Dacnis 324 ruf ocollaris, Hirundo 35 rufocollaris, Petrochelidon 35 rufo-gularis, Tachyphonus 331 rufopileata, Dendroica 377 rufum, Conirostrum . 323 rustica, Hirundo 65 ruticilla, Motacilla 457 ruticilla, Setophaga 457 saccharina, Certhiola 304 sallaei, Granatellus 449 sallaei, Setophaga 449 salvini, Basileuterus 510 salvini, Idiotes 511 salvini, Stelgidopteryx 45 sancti-thomae, Certhiola 308 sancti-thomae, Coereba 308 saturata, Diglossa 239 saturata, Diglossopis 239 saturata, Pachysylvia 171 saturatus, Gyclarhis 209 saturatus, Hylophilus 171 schistacea, Diglossa 235 schistacea, Euthlypis 474 scirpicola, Geothlypis 429 scitulus, Basileuterus 508 sclateri, Hirundo 81 sclateri, Hylophilus 166 sclateri, Lamprochelidon 81 sclateri, Pachysylvia 167 sclateri, Tachycineta 81 Seiurus 414 selbii, Muscicapa 451 semibrunnea, Pachysylvia 170 semi-brunneus, Hylophilus. . . . 169 semicervina, Phaeothlypis 524 semicervinus, Basileuterus 523 semicinerea, Pachysylvia 163 semicinereus, Hylophilus 163 semiflava, Geothlypis 441 semiflavus, Vireo 117 semperi, Leucopeza 424 septentrionalis, Lanius 213 serripennis, Hirundo 47 serripennis, Stelgidopteryx 47 Serrirostrum 218 Setophaga 456 sharpei, Certhiola 313 sharpei, Coereba 312 shiptoni, Anthus 103 shiptoni, Notiocorys 103 sierrae, Otocoris 6 signatus, Basileuterus 481 similis, Diglossa 222 simplex, Smaragdolanius 192 simplex, Vireolanius 192 sinaloae, Progne 16 sinuosa, Geothlypis 429 sittaceum, Uncirostrum. 219 sittaceus, Agrilorhinus 219 sitticolor, Conirostrum 322 sittoides, Diglossa 224 sittoides, Serrirostrum 224 Siurus 414 Smaragdolanius 188 Solaris, Dendroica 370 solimpensis, Vireo 140 solitaria, Muscicapa 127 solitaria, Sylvia 337 solitaria, Vireosylvia 127 solitarius, Lanivireo 127 solitarius, Vireo 127 sonorana, Dendroica 366 sonoriensis, Lanius 215 sordida, Helminthophila 341 sordida, Vermivora 341 sordidum, Conirostrum 329 sordidus, Vireo 122 speciosa, Ateleodacnis 314 speciosa, Compsothlypis 351 speciosa, Dacnis 315 speciosa, Geothlypis 442 speciosa, Sylvia 314 speciosa, Sylvicola 315 sphagnosa, Sylvia 387 Sphenotelus 105 spiza, Chlorophanes 243 spiza, Dacnis 243 spiza, Motacilla 243 spraguei, Neocorys 86 spragueii, Alauda 86 spragueii, Anthus 86 Stelgidopteryx 38 stephensi, Vireo 120 stephensoni, Vireo 120 stigmatura, Chlorophanes 251 stolzmanni, Hirundo 70 stolzmanni, Iridoprocne 70 stragulata, Geothlypis 520 stragulata, Muscicapa 520 stragulata, Trichas 520 stragulatus, Basileuterus 520 strenua, Vireosylva 153 strenuus, Vireo 153 striata, Dendroeca 404 striaticeps, Basileuterus 479 striaticeps, Myiothlypis 480 strigata, Otocoris - . 5 strigata, Otocorys 5 strigatus, Chionophilos 5 Sturnus 217 subflavescens, Cyclarhis 196 subis, Hirundo subis, Progne 11 subita, Dendroica 401 subtropicalis, Chlorophanes. . 246 sulfurascens, Seiurus 417 sundevalli, Certhiola 307 superciliaris, Basileuterus 480 super ciliaris, Lanius 200 540 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII superciliaris, Vireo 122 superciliosa, Motacilla 398 superciliosa, Oreothlypis 346 superciliosa, Vermivora 346 super ciliosum, Conirostrum 346 superciliosus, Basileuterus 486 superciliosus, Trichas 485 surinamensis, Certhia 260 surinamensis, Hylophilus 181 swainsoni, Helminthophila 334 swainsoni, Helmitherus 334 swainsoni, Petrochelidon 32 swainsoni, Vireosylvia 151 swainsonii, Helinaia 334 swainsonii, Limnothlypis 334 swainsonii, Sylvia 334 swainsonii, Vireo 151 Sylvania 457 Sylvicantor 362 sylvicola, Muscicapa 126 tacarcunae, Basileuterus 492 tachina, Petrochelidon 31 Tachycineta 78 taeniata, Sylvia 360 tanneri, Geothlypis 435 tapera, Hirundo 25 tapera, Phaeoprogne 25 tapera, Progne 26 tenensaei, Sylvia 339 tenuirostris, Seiurus 418 tephra, Euthlypis 473 tephrocotis, Trichas 421 Tephrodiglossa 219 Teretistris 423 Terracantor 363 thalassina, Tachycineta 78 thalassinus, Hirundo 78 thoracica, Pachysylvia 161 thoracica, Sylvia 161 thoracicus, Hylophilus 160 tibialis, Atticora 50 tibialis, Microchelidon 50 tibialis, Neochelidon 50 tibialis, Petrochelidon 50 tigrina, Dendroica 386 tigrina, Motacilla 386 tigrina, Perissoglossa 386 tobagensis, Cyanerpes 252 tobagensis, Vireo 144 toddi, Basileuterus 525 tolmiei, Oporornis 422 tolmiei, Sylvia 422 torquata, Nemosia 251 torquata, Setophaga 465 torquata, Sylvia 349 torquatus, Myioborus 465 tortugae, Vireo 116 townsendi, Dendroica 392 townsendi, Sylvia 392 trie-has, Geothlypis 427 trichas, Turdus . . . 427 tricolor, Cassicus 275 tricolor, Certhiola 313 tricolor, Coereba 313 tricolor, Pipra 267 tricolora, Motacilla 457 trifasciatus, Basileuterus 496 trinitatis, Coereba 259 trinitatis, Cyanerpes 259 trinitatis, Cyclorhis 199 tristriatus, Basileuterus 494 tristriatus, Myiodioctes 494 tropica, Septophaga 457 tyleri, Hirundo 67 typhicola, Geothlypis 428 tyrianthina, Diglossa 238 ultramarina, Dacnis 273 umbria, Motacilla 389 Uncirostrum 219 unicincta, Diglossa 227 urbica, Chelidon 68 urbica, Delichon 67 urbica, Hirundo 67 uropygialis, Basileuterus 522 uropygialis, Certhiola 301 uropygialis, Coereba 301 uropygialis, Cotyle 42 uropygialis, Stelgidopteryx 42 usneae, Compsothlypis 347 varia, Mniotilta 332 varia, Motacilla 332 variegatus, Anthus 87 variolata, Alauda 87 vasta, Microligea 425 vegeta, Trichas 423 velasquezi, Icteria 446 velata, Geqthlypis 436 velata, Sylvia 436 velata, Trichas 436 venezuelensis, Diglossa 233 venusta, Dacnis 281 venusta, Sylvicola 357 venustula, Sylvia 357 venustus, Granatellus 448 veraguensis, Basileuterus 524 veraguensis, Diglossa 221 veraguensis, Phaeothlypis 525 Vermivora 336 vermivora, Motacilla 335 vermivorus, Basileuterus 500 vermivorus, Helminthotherus 335 vermivorus, Helmitheros 335 versicolor, Cardellina 475 versicolor, Ergaticus 475 versicolor, Hirundo 11 verticalis, Myioborus 465 verticalis, Setophaga 465 verticalis, Smaragdolanius 188 verticalis, Vireolanius 188 vespertina, Hirundo 68 vicinior, Vireo 123 INDEX 541 vieilloti, Sylvicola 380 vieillotii, Dendroica 382 vigors!, Dendroeta 406 vigorsii, Sylvia 405 viguieri, Dacnis 279 violacea, Hirundo 11 virens, Dendroica 393 virens, Icteria 446 virens, Motacilla 393 virens, Turdus 446 virenticeps, Cyclarhis 208 Vireo Ill Vireocantor 362 Vireolanius 186 Vireonella Ill Vireosylva Ill virescens, Setophaga 471 virescens, Vireo 130 virescens, Vireosylva 131 virginalis, Vireosylvia 147 virginiae, Helminthophaga 343 virginiae, Helminthophila 343 virginiae, Vermivora 343 virginianus, Parus 388 viridescens, Basileuterus 500 viridiceps, Hylophilus 164 viridiceps, Pachysylvia 164 viridiceps, Smaragdolanius. . . . 189 viridiceps, Vireolanius 189 viridiflava, Pachysylvia 174 viridiflavus, Hylophilus 174 viridior, Hylophilus 180 viridior, Pachysylvia 180 viridis, Cyclarhis 204 viridis, Hirundo 68 viridis, Icteria 446 viridis, Muscicapa 446 viridis, Saltator 204 vi tellina, Dendroica 409 vividior, Vireo 142 vividior, Vireosylva 143 vulcani, Vireo 121 vulgaris, Sturnus 218 vulnerata, Muscicapa 459 waynei, Dendroica 394 wellsi, Certhiola 303 wellsi, Coereba 303 wiedii, Cyclorhis 203 Wilsonia 451 wilsonii, Sylvia 452 xanthocoelia, Bombyciphora 104 Xanthocorys 84 xanthophrys, Chlorospingus 479 xanthorhoa, Sylvia 389 xanthotera, Dendroica 381 Xenodacnis 283 yucatanensis, Cyclarhis 195